MIGRATION OF BIRDS

PF TON AT AP EAINLE RM NTO OT EIR LY

RICHAR D M. BARRINGTON

MIGRATION OF BIRDS.

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OBSERVATIONS OR SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED
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THE

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

AS OBSERVED AT

IRISH LIGHTHOUSES AND LIGHTSHIPS
INCLUDING

THE ORIGINAL REPORTS

FROM 1888-97, NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME, AND

AN ANALYSIS

OF THESE AND OF THE PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED REPORTS FROM 1881-87.
TOGETHER WITH

AN APPENDIX

GIVING THE MEASUREMENTS OF ABOUT 1600 WINGs.

BY

RICHARD M. BARRINGTON, M.A., LLB., F.LS.,

Member of the British Ornithologists’ Union, and of the British Association
Committee for obtaining Observations on the Migration of
Birds at Lighthouses and Lightships.

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.
DUBLIN:
EDWARD PONSONBY, 116 GRAFTON STREET.

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NOTE ADDED IN PRESS.

SoME expressions in the Preface have, I deeply regret
to find, been understood as reflecting on the results obtained
by the British Association Committee and Mr Eagle Clarke.

So far from this being the case, no one could have a
keener appreciation than myself of the great value of the
work done by that Committee, and of the unique interest
and merit of the digest prepared, after enormous labour,
by Mr Eagle Clarke, as well as of the compilation of results
on which he is now engaged. R. Me:

ai

3
i
5

PREFACE.

THE present work is the result of many years’ labour, but
without the assistance of the Irish light-keepers, the Board
of Irish Lights, the co-operation of my friend Mr C. B, Moffat,
of Ballyhyland, and the help of my wife, it never could have
been written.

The time and attention of the light-keepers were given volun-
tarily, and without payment they have filled over a thousand
schedules, and made about thirty thousand separate observations
on birds during the past eighteen years. Over two thousand
specimens were forwarded to corroborate these observations.
The light-keepers deserve not only my gratitude, but that of
all their fellow-countrymen who take an interest in the Birds
of Ireland.

The Irish Lights Board was favourably disposed to this
inquiry from the beginning, provided it did not interfere with
the duties of the light-keepers; and its officials were, at all
times, courteous and anxious to facilitate the collection of
statistics.

The enormous mass of records to be grappled with was
sufficient to occupy an idle man for years, and would have
disheartened a busy one like myself, had not Mr C. B. Moffat
come to the rescue in 1898. If the accumulation of a more
or less chaotic mass of information was mine—its analysis
is largely his. The influence of the lunar phases on the
number of birds killed striking was first detected by him, and
illustrated diagrammatically; and to his ingenuity, scientific
caution, and intelligent grasp of facts, not a few of the interest-
ing conclusions deduced from the above data are directly
traceable.

To Professor Newton, F.R.S., of Cambridge, my thanks are
due for many kind words of encouragement, and to my friend

<= Howard Saunders I am indebted in various ways.

v1 PREFACE
>

Bird migration is an old subject; but its systematic study
at light-stations is quite new—and was never attempted in
Ireland until 1881. Possibly in consequence of a visit to
Heligoland, and an interview with that well-known observer,
Herr Gatke—Mr John Cordeaux in England, and Mr Harvie-
Brown in Scotland, made a combined and successful attempt
in 1879 to procure observations on migratory birds from the
light-keepers on the coasts of Great Britain. When the results
were known, a committee was appointed by the British Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, at the Swansea Meeting
in the following year (1880), to continue the investigation, and
that committee has since been annually re-appointed.

Nineteen years ago, my friend Harvie-Brown suggested that
I should become a member, my old friend A. G. More, then
assistant-curator in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin,
having been elected to the committee at the same time.

Blank schedules were first sent to the Irish light-keepers
in the autumn of 1881 (a copy of the present form will
be found on p. xxiii). More’s advice was itvaluable—and it
was he who, in 1884, first suggested that the Irish light-keepers
should cut off and forward, for the purpose of identification,
a leg and wing of any bird which was killed striking the
lanterns.

From 1881 to 1887, “ Reports on the Migration of Birds”
as observed at Light-Stations were published by the British
Association Committee. They were then discontinued, and-
the committee in 1888 commenced to make a digest of the
Reports up to the end of 1887. This work was entrusted to
Mr Eagle Clarke, who, after great labour, completed the
task in 1896.

Owing to the character of the observations, it was apparent
to me that no digest would yield satisfactory results which
was not based on a much longer series of years. Records
which were anticipated were believed, but every uncorroborated
entry by an untrained observer required repetition by inde-
pendent light-keepers before it could be accepted as reasonably
probable. Many blunders were made in the identification of
species, and an element of uncertainty created, which, added
to the bewildering mass of statistics, caused a few sceptics to
doubt the value of the entire work.

PREFACE vil

Schedules were therefore still sent out to the Irish light-
keepers and filled by them year after year, and over two thousand
specimens were forwarded by them. It is much to be regretted
that a similar course was not adopted in England and Scotland.

In reading this volume, three things must be borne in mind
—first, that the British Association Committee is in no way
connected with its publication, nor responsible for any ex-
pression of opinion therein; second, that Ireland lies compara-
tively out of the track of migrants along the west coast of
Europe; third, that in almost every instance the conclusions
are based only on the data received from light-stations.

Few, perhaps, can realise what the collection of statistics,
the preparation, the printing and the publication, of this work
have cost in time and money. Only 350 copies have been
printed by M‘Farlane & Erskine, whose care and intelligence
I am glad here to acknowledge. Birds are a very attractive
subject, but even if all the copies were sold, the expenses
would not nearly be defrayed.

There are so many industrious students nowadays, it becomes
more difficult year by year to discover anything new, especially
about our common English birds. The detailed results will be
found under each species in the Analysis, and some of the
principal points of interest at p. 263. All are, I hope, based
on facts, for we have had enough migration theories. Some
of these results may be new, and if so, to have placed them
before other students of this most fascinating subject, Orni-
thology, is a more than sufficient reward.

RICHARD M. BARRINGTON.

FASsAROE, Bray, Co. WIcKLOw,
July 24, 1900.

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CONTENTS.

++

Mar oF [IRELAND SHOWING LIGHT-STATIONS, .

PREFACE, ‘ : ; :

List or Irish Licut-Sratrons referred to in this Volume, and
TABLE oF DisTANCES at which Objects can be seen at Sea, accord-
ing to their respective Elevations, and the Elevation of the Eye of
the Observer. (Compiled by permission from the Admiralty List
of Lights in British Islands), : :

PRESENT ForM OF SCHEDULE SENT TO THE LIGHT-KEEPERS,

PRESENT ForM oF ENVELOPE for Leg and Wing, and of Laxe (front
and back) for Specimens,

TABLE showing for several Species both in Spring and Autumn, the
Dates of Arrival and Departure (or it may be Second Immigration)
of the majority, the Total Number of Specimens received at both
Seasons, the part of the Coast from which most have been sent,
whether the Long-winged or Short-winged Birds come first, the
Dates on which the Earliest and Latest Specimens have been
killed, and the Northernmost and Southernmost Light-Stations
from which Examples of each Species have been forwarded, .

ANALYSIS OF IRISH MIGRATION REpoRTsS, 1881-97—
Part I., containing detailed Results under each Species,

Part II., containing some of the principal points of interest in the
Analysis, some General Remarks, and various Tables,

Bats and Insects at Light-houses,
Recipe for Preserving Legs and Wings,
REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS AS OBSERVED AT LIGHT-
HOUSES AND LIGHT-SHIPS ON THE IRISH COAST FOR 1888,

Do. Do. Do. 1889,
Do. Do. Do. 1890,
Do. Do. Do. 1891,
Do. Do. Do. 1892,
Do. Do. /= "Do. 1893,
Do. Do. Do. 1894,
Do. Do. Do. 1895,
Do. Do. Do. 1896,
Do. Do. Do. 1897,
APPENDIX—

Part I., Table showing the Measurements of 1543 ‘hig forwarded
by ihe Light-keepers,

Part II., Table showing the rene Length of £ Wing, at the relative
ae of Variation in the Length of the Wings in 35 Spe of
Birds obtained at Irish Light-Stations, : -

INDEX,

Xi-XXli

Xxill

XXIV

XXV

1-262

263-284
284
285

1- 57
59-123
125-196
197-265
267-331
333-383
385-449
451-496
497-53 9
541-619

621

661

{Ot

Ord

accord

d

par
Tho

LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS
REFERRED TO IN THIS VOLUME.

[Compiled by permission from Admiralty List of Lights in British Islands. ]

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

LIGHTS.

Illuminating Apparatus.—The illuminating apparatus ordin-
arily consists of a flame, the light from which is concentrated
either by reflectors, by refractors, or by a combination of the two.
Occasionally the electric arc light takes the place of the flame.

The system of reflectors is named Catoptric, of refractors Dioptric,
and the combination of the two Catadioptric. They are abbrevi-
ated in the tables by the letters C. for Catoptric, D. for Dioptric,
and C.D. for Catadioptric.

Order of Apparatus. — Lights have hitherto been classified
according to their Order, which depends upon the diameter of the
apparatus, etc.

Thus a light of the

lst order has an internal diameter of 6 ft. 0°4 ins.

2nd 5, = 8 MayTsD
3rd - * sf SUE Ss aan
4th a - 3 ha, ap ug
5th 3 " 3 bug 23;
6th . :, ij Og 11-89%,

The Power of the Lights does not, however, vary directly
with the order, and whenever obtainable, the candle power is given
in units of 1,000 candles. Thus, the figure 22 means 22,000 candle
power, + means 250 candles. Intensities above 2,000 candles are
given to the nearest half unit, between 2,000 and 1,000 to the
nearest quarter unit, and under 1,000 to the nearest tenth unit.

When the power of the light is capable of being varied, two
figures are given, the lower representing the clear-weather power,
and the higher the maximum power capable of being shown in thick
weather. Thus, a light which can be varied from a power of
20,000 to 100,000 candles is noted as 20 to 100.

Relative Importance of Ligats.— In order to readily dis-
tinguish the important lights from those of less prominence, the

Xil LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS

names of all the main lights are printed in large black (CLARENDON)
capitals, those of secondary importance in small black (Clarendon)
letters, and those of the minor lights in ordinary (Roman) type, so
that the relative value of a light can be ascertained at a glance.
(Light-vessels are shown in italics, the most important being in
capitals. )

In estimating the importance of a light, its position and its
relation to other lights has been considered, rather than its power.

Characteristics. —Lights may either show a steady uniform
brilliance or be varied by flashes, occultations, etc. The various
lights at present exhibited are as follows :—

F. Fixed. A continuous steady light.

* Fy. Flashing. Showing a single flash, the duration of darkness
always being greater than that of light.

*Qp. Ft. Group Flashing. Showing groups of two or more
flashes in succession (not necessarily of the same colour)
separated by eclipses.

F. & Fu. Fixed and Flashing. Fixed light varied by a single
white or coloured flash, which may be preceded and
followed by a short eclipse.

F. & Ge. Ft. Fixed and Group Flashing. The same as the
preceding, but with groups of fiashes

REv. Rovolang! Light gradually increasing to full effect,
then decreasing to eclipse. [At short distances and im
clear weather a faint continuous light may be observed. |

* Occ. Occulting. <A steady light with, at regular intervals, one
sudden and total eclipse, the duration of light always
being equal to or greater than that of darkness.

*Gp. Occ. Group Occulting. A steady light with, at regular
intervals, groups of two or more sudden and total eclipses.

Aut. Alternating. Lights of different colours (generally red
and white) alternately, without any intervening eclipse.

Explanation.—In the following tables of lights the column
headed ‘Period of Revolution or of System” gives the interval
between the successive recurrences of the same phase; which in
a simple revolving or flashing light is the interval between each
successive flash ; and in an alternating, occulting, or group flashing

light, is the time occupied by the exhibition of the entire system of
changes.

* Notr.—A light is classed as flashing or occulting solely according to the
duration of light and darkness, and without any reference to the apparatus
employed.

LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS xill

The bearings are magnetic, and are given from seaward. The
positions of the light-houses are given approximately.

The given distances from which the lights are visible are cal-
culated in nautical miles, as seen from a height of 15 feet above
the sea, the height of the lights being in all cases taken as above
high water.

Under certain atmospheric conditions, and especially with the
more powerful lights, the glare of the light is visible considerably
beyond the radius given, which is calculated for the actual flame of
the light.

Caution,—The intrinsic power of a light should always be con-
sidered when expecting to make it in thick weather. A weak light
is easily obscured by haze, and no dependence can be placed on its
being seen.

The power of a light whose candle power is not given can be
estimated by remarking its order as entered in this list, and in some
cases by noting how much its visibility in clear weather falls short
of the range due to the height at which it is placed. Thus a light
placed at 200 feet above the sea, and only recorded as visible 10
miles in clear weather, is manifestly of little brilliancy, as its height
would permit it to be seen over 20 miles if of sufficient power. See
“Table of Distances” at the end of this list.

Cuts or Sectors.—In some conditions of the atmosphere, white
lights may have a reddish hue; the mariner, therefore, should not
trust solely to colour where there are sectors, but verify the position
by taking a bearing of the light. On either side of the line of
demarcation between white and red, and also between white and
green, there is always a small are of uncertain colour. It should
also be remembered that the edges of a sector of visibility are rarely
cut off sharply, especially as seen by an observer near, and that in-
stead of suddenly disappearing, the light frequently fades gradually
away after the line given as the limit of visibility has been crossed.

Fog-Signals.— Having in view the varying distances at which a
fog-signal can be heard at sea, and the occasional existence of areas
in which a fog-signal is wholly inaudible, and the frequent occur-
rence of fog near to but not observable from a fog-signal station—

Mariners are cautioned that, whilst every endeavour will be made
to start fog-signals as soon as possible after signs of fog have been
observed, they should not, when approaching the land in a fog, rely
implicitly upon these fog-signals, but should always use the lead,
which, in nearly all cases, will give sufficient warning.

The expression “foggy weather” means that the state of the
atmosphere is such as to make objects indistinct.

LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS

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LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS

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‘moisseoons yornb UI soysty omy sMoyg Z98—T | 88 | OL 9uO ld ‘d9 “OUUM / | OF 69 GS “9°'T | YN VEMOTYE V HLUON | «8
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‘FOL 9‘ | gI | 9 ve ‘ad OI ie eee

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xVl

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xvi

LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS

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XV111

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LIST OF IRISH LIGHTS

xx

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. <a Gl

TABLE OF DISTANCES.

BY

ALAN STEVENSON.

TABLE OF DISTANCES at wuicH OBJECTS CAN BE SEEN AT SEA, ACCORD-
ING TO THEIR RESPECTIVE ELEVATIONS, AND THE ELEVATION OF THE
EYE OF THE OBSERVER.

65

Distances in
Geographical or
Nautical
Miles.

Heights | Dstenceein, || rteighta | 27a ar
pect. | Nqutosl || root, | Mg
70 9°598 250 18°14 |
75 | 9°935 | 300 19°87 |
80 10°26 | 350 21°46
85 | 1057 —«||_—«400 22°94
90 10°88 | 450° 24:33
95 11°18 | 500 25°65
100 11°47. ||_~—«550 26°90
110 12°03 | 600 28°10
120 | 12:56 650 29°25
130 13°08 =| = 700 30°28
140 | 18°57 800 32°45
150 | 1422 | 900 34°54
200 »~=—-16"22 1,000 36-28

Example.—A tower, 200 feet high, will be visible to an observer whose eye is
elevated 15 feet above the water 21 nautical miles ; thus, from the table—

15 feet elevation, distance visible 4°44 nautical miles.

200 a

16°22

” 2?

29

_

q
:

4,

as 4 ‘PRESENT FORM OF SCHEDULE SENT TO THE LIGHT-KEEPERS Xxili
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS.

‘7

—It is to be hoped that the Light-Keepers will not think it too much trouble to cut off and label

___ the wing and leg of every common bird which is killed at their station. These should be
forwarded with this Schedule, and the cost of so doing will be gladly paid. All species can

_ then be identified with certainty. Rare birds should be sent entire.

Please do not put entries for December of one year and January of another on same Schedule.

EE a Oy ee re ze

mM. Ill. EY: ¥: wir VIL. Vill.
Number of
Weather | Birds strik-

Number,

Force and | Direction Clear or | ing glass of
7 Hour 7 A ° General
Name, or Species Direction of Birds Fog. lantern, and *
of Birds. when seen. Wind. were going.} Rain or whether Observations.

Snow, etc. |_ killed or
| disabled.

eT
: Steeles | |
=o

It is hoped that the notes may extend not only to the night migration, but also have reference to any

atory flocks passing inland, or seen in the vicinity of the station during the day. Observers are par-
ly requested in noting the Time to add A.M. or P.M., as the case may be.
If there is no Schedule at Station, make notes on a sheet of paper, and copy into Schedule when it arrives.
The Commissioners of Irish Lights are favourably disposed to this inquiry, provided it does not interfere
h the duties of the Light-Keepers.

Y.6.—When filled, please return this form to R. M. BARRINGTON, Esq., Fassaroe, Bray, Co. Wicklow.

d Address in full of Name, elec uRVEN eats Juanda aes B an aan <s au tnae tr aca sie «asap spent s coarenaapeiessogtidespubsss
ing in this report, } 4 7aress

XXIV PRESENT FORM OF ENVELOPE AND LABEL

Present Form of Envelope for Leg and Wing, and of Label (front and back)
for Specimens—several of each sent to Light-keepers with Schedules. |

Migration of Birds at Irish Light-Stations.

Da oS :
x 5 Z S
2 ois aap
1 So 10: For
rico I RICHARD M. BARRINGTON, Esq., MLA., F.L.S.
a Fassaroe,
< ee Bray,
: : = Ss
S : : 3
ey ee as CO. WICKLOW.
ee ee St
; SS San hs
eS 3 3 3 Do not put more than one leg and wing in each envelope, and when’
S D wm RS Sy several are full, forward the lot by post in a larger envelope.
Migration of Birds at Irish Light-Stations :
~ |
Ss SLALOM! peadiagsccectaghar coeaseant Genes done eee
3
_ Serid er ssters fae. debabec asst eee oes ae
>
3 Name: of (Birdl..icticosc0.s,c8e tee cous none
S
& Date? hv. OP eects: Mo., 1900
How procured) ....6..02.9 ite. tete ster
Rare or strange birds send entire. Cut leg and wing off
> others. If no boat comes, steep birds in methylated
rs) spirits—it does not injure them.
~~ Hp. : |
S me REMARKS. /
ee
8 a MO = )
& 2 sd |
> 2a 8 iS |
fa
xe tc |
S a a 3 /
Q si fy © |
3 )
/ |

TURE (OR IT MAY BE SECOND IMMIGRATION)
OAST FROM WHICH MOST HAVE BEEN SENT,

AND LATEST SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN KILLED,
HAVE BEEN FORWARDED.
Pate of the Spring Migration. Autumn Migration.
Latest
Specimen _
killed in
Autumn. | Northernmost | Southernmost | Northernmost | Southernmost
Station. Station. Station. Station.
Noy. 20 | Arklow N. Fastnet Blackrock Coningbeg
(Mayo)
Oct. 9 bpe sine Tuskar Fastnet
Jan. 19 | Maidens Rockabill | Oyster Island | Fastnet
eee. Innishtrahull | Mine Head | Aranmore Fastnet
Jan. 10 | Codling Bank} Arklow S. | Innishtrahull| Fastnet
Jan. 30 |Mew Island | Arklow S. | Innishtrahull| Fastnet
Jan. 10 | Innishtrahull|} Coningbeg | Innishtrahull} Fastnet
Nov. (217)| Innishtrahull | Fastnet Innishtrahull | Fastnet
Nov. 7 |Innishtrahull} Dungarvan | Killybegs Fastnet
Noy. 21 | Blackwater |Coningbeg | Rockabill Fastnet
Bank
ov. 7 |Innishtrahull} Tuskar Hook Tower | Fastnet
ov. 9 | Rockabill Coningbeg | Mew Island | Tuskar
et. 31 | Innishtrahull]| Fastnet Maidens Fastnet
Noy. 9 |Innishtrahull| Mine Head | Rockabill Fastnet
ug. 10 | Mew Island | Hook Tower is Hook Tower
Noe 9 Innishtrahull} Fastnet Mew Island _ | Fastnet
Sept. 27 |Innishtrahull| Old Head, | Innishtrahull} Fastnet
Kinsale
Oct. 9 Innishtrahull } Hook Tower | Rockabill Mine Head
a 17 |Innishtrahull} Coningbeg | Innishtrahull|} Crookhaven
ov. 13. | Maidens Fastnet Innishtrahull | Fastnet
aoe Maidens Mine Head | Tory Island | Fastnet
ite Innishtrahull | Tearaght Innishtrahull| Fastnet
Dec. 19 | Innishtrahull| Coningbeg | Blackrock Fastnet
(Mayo)
Jan. 6 Innishtrahull | Tuskar Arklow S. Fastnet
Dec. 23 a te Blackrock Coningbeg
(Mayo)
pes 3 Tuskar Fastnet
ov. 15 sot Tearaght
Jan, 12 ie Codling Bank | Coningbeg
Jan. 10 | Innishtrahull es Innishtrahull | Tearaght
ute Maidens Coningbeg | Innishtrahull | Fastnet
Oct. 5 Innishtrahull} Skelligs Fastnet
am Mew Island | Coningbeg ar Sag
Sept. 19 | Killybegs Bull Rock |Slyne Head | Fastnet
Sept. 24 | Maidens Skelligs as Tuskar
Jan. 9 Rathlin Blackwater | Innishtrahull | Fastnet
Bank
Jan. 1 eae sai Innishtrahull | Hook Tower
Jan. 5 Innishtrahull| Arklow 8. | Aranmore Hook Tower
Dec. 9 South Rock | Hook Tower | Rockabill Hook Tower
Jan. 31 | Eagle Island | Coningbeg | Rockabill Fastnet
Dec. 8 Innishtrahull | Fastnet Aranmore Hook Tower
July (?) 26) Drogheda N. | Coningbeg | Coningbeg Mine Head
Nov 24 | Hagle Island es Tory Island | Skelligs

| 27h.

[exxven]

TABLE?” sHowING FoR SEVERAL SPECIES BOTH IN SPRING AND AUTUMN, THE DATES OF ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE (OR IT MAY BE SECOND Ivuicrarioy)
OF THE MAJORITY, THE ToTAL NUMBER OF SPECIMENS RECEIVED AT BOTH SEASONS, THE PART OF THE

WHETHER THE LONG-WINGED OR SHORT-WINGED BIRDS COME FIRST, THE DATES ON WHICH THE HARLIEST

AND THE NORTHERNMOST AND SovuTHERNMOST LIGHT-STATIONS FROM WHICH EXAMPLES OF BACH SPECIES HAVE BEEN FORWARDED,

OAST FROM WHICH MOST HAVE BEEN SENT,
AND LATEST SPECIMENS HAVE BEEN KILLED,

art-

6
Ley La etee Whether the Long-winged or | Date of the | Date of the | Date of
‘s "| Dato ot Arrivatiot | otthamejorty,, (222/228 trom which most| Short-winged Birds come first. Enrliest aaa wees peroe tera Llony Autumn Migration.
Namek OF SPECIES, Soasloss Specimen | Specimen rr
halite] kale J Sik ag 2p Th killed in | killed in | Specimen ——
ssealeee a Spring. Spring. pelllea! wus Northernmost | Southernmost | Northernmost | South
BeeS BBS ge In Spring. In Autumn. vl Station. Station, Station. Biationoay
Spotted Flycatcher, 9 a w April 19 |Junel | July 30 Arklow N. | Fastnet Blackrock Coningbeg
Mayo)
Pied Flycatcher, . S08 a a wee a Aug. 7 cb on hehe ) Fastnet
Missel-Thrush, 3 @ « Feb, 26 | March 6 | Oct. (?) Maidens Rockabill | Oyster Island| Fastnet
Song-Thrush, . Oct. 20-Noy. 10 31 Long-winged| Long-winged or) April 21 | Sept. 3 Innishtrahull| Mine Head | Aranmore Fastnet
Redwing, . . Oct. 14-Noy, 13 2 a Long-winged | March 5 | March 8 | Sept. 20 Codling Bank | Arklow S. | Innishtrahull| Fastnet
Fieldfare, . 2 a Short-winged | April 20 | April 29 | Oct. 16 Mew Island | Arklow 8. | Innishtralinll| Fastnet
Blackbird, . Oct. 20-Nov. 10 24 Long-winged aione winged Feb. 5 April 6 | Oct, 2 Innishitrahull} Coningheg | Innishtraliull| Pastnet
§ Short-winge
Ring-Ouzel, . 7 s. a a April 3 | May 5 Sept. 11 Innishtrahull} Fastnet Tnnishtrahull | Fastnet
Redstart, . . . April 23-May 11 5 a a April 23 | May 11 | Sept. 7 Tnnishtrahull| Dungarvan | Killybegs Fastnet
Black Redstart, . 2 a Long-winged | March 16/ March 18} Oct. 13 Blackwater | Coningbeg | Rockabill Fastnet
Bank
Stonechat, . Feb. 17-March 18) 2 S.E. a a Feb. 17 | April 4 | Oct. 20 Tnnishtrahull| Tuskar Hook Tower | Fastnet
Whinchat, . 3 5.E. a a April 29 | May 25 | Sept. 4 Rockabill Coningbeg |Mew Island | Tuskar
Wheatear, - 18 K, Long-winged| Short-winged| March 15} May 9 Aug. 5 Tnnishtrahull| Pastnet Maidens Fastnet
Sedge Warbler, July 29-Aug, 11 55 S.E. Long-winged| Long-winged | April 24 | May 30 | July 29 Innishtrahull} Mine Head | Rockabill Fastnet
Grasshopper Warbler, 2 1 S.E. a a April 14 | May 9 a Mew Island | Hook Tower cae Hook Tower
Whitethroat, . 6 22 S.E. 2 Short-winged] April 5 | May 28 | Aug. 12 Innishtrahull | Fastnet Mew Island | Fastnet
Willow Wren, July 29-Aug. 11 17 S.E. Long-winged| Short-winged| April7 | May 22 | July 29 Innishtrahull| Old Head, | Innishtrahull| Fastnet
Kinsale
Chifichaff, . ces Sept. 21-Oct. 10 6 S.E. Long-winged a March 24) April 14 | Sept. 2 TInnishtrahull} Hook Tower | Rockabill Mine Head
Gold-Crest, . . . March 16-April15 10 E. Long-winged| Short-winged| March 19| April 28 | Aug. 27 Tnnishtrahull} Coningbeg | Innishtralinll| Crookhayen
Meadow Pipit, . . 15 S.E. Long-winged| Long-winged | Feb, 26 | April 19 | Sept. 21 Maidens Fastnet Tnnishtrahull | Fastnet
Migdlitig Goo a0 35 E. Long-winged| Long-winged o0 April 20 | Sept. 22 Maidens Mine Head | Tory Island | Fastnet
Snow Bunting, 0° 14 N. & a a ne May 30 | Sept. 18 Innishtrahull} Tearaght _| Innishtrahnll| Fastnet
Chaffinch, . 3 8. &S. a Long-winged | March (?)} May 13 | Oct. 14 Innishtrahull| Coningbeg | Blackrock Fastnet
Mayo)
Brambling, 2 Ss. a a April 5 | Oct. 20 Innishtrahull| Tuskar pone Ss. Fastnet
Greenfinch, . Noy. 1-Dee, 31 on 8.E. a a tes) Oct, 28 oo te Blackrock Coningbeg
(Mayo)
Siskin,. . . a Ss: a a Oct. 9 aon Tuskar Fastnet
Mealy Redpoll, 2 S.W. a a 0 Sept. 19 tee e oa Tearaght
Linnet,. . . Dee, 12-Jan. 12 2 8. & E. @ a March 27 | Oct. 26 oon cee Codling Bank | Coningbeg
Twite,. . 1 u N. & W. @ a ana April (?10)) Sept. 1 Innishtrahull FED Innishtrahull } Tearaght
Starling, U $.E. Long-winged}) Long-winged 6 May 5 July 25 Maidens Coningbeg | Innishtrahull} Pastnet
Swallow, April 20-May 10 | Sept. 11-Oct. 10 S. &E. @ aw April 10 | June 2 ae Innishtrahull) Skelligs S05 Fastnet
Cuckoo, . . .| April 29-May 5 ? 8. & E. Long-winged a April 18 | May 20 on Mew Island | Coningbez 5 Bai
Turtle Dove, . . . Ss. a a April 20 | June8 | Aug. 19 Tallybegs Bull Rock |Slyne Head | Fastnet
Corn-Crake, . E. a G April 19 | May 13 0 Maidens Skelligs on ‘Tuskar
Water-Rail, Oct, 21-Nov. 20 SE. & N, 7 Long-winged | March 27} April 29 | Sept. 5 Rathlin Bees Tnnishtrahull | Fastnet
an!
Woodcock, | oe a a ae os Oct. 26 a tke Innishtrahull} Hook Tower
Common Snipe, . .| Noy. 16-Dec, 15 3 a @ April 6 | May 25 | Sept. 9 Innishtrahull} Arklow 8. | Aranmore Hook Tower
Jack Snipe, . . .| Oct. 1-Noy. 10 3 a a March 28] April 23 | Sept. 28 South Rock | Hook Tower | Rockabill Hook Tower
Dann, se 9 a a April 8 | May 81 | Ang, 12 Eagle Island | Coningbeg | Rockabill Fastnet
Purple Sandpiper, . 4 a a May 7 May 18 | Oct. 29 Tnnishtrahull) Pastnet Avanmore Hook Tower
Common Sandpiper, y 2 2 a a April 23 | May 17 | July 16 | July (?) 26] Drogheda N. | Coningbeg |Coningbeg | Mine Head
Storm Petrel,. . .| May 10-June 10 | Sept. 20-Oct. 20 1 a a” May 24 non July 26 | Nov. 24 | Eagle Island oy Tory Island | Skelligs

1 As to “second immigration,” see under Thrush, Lark, Starling, ete., and under Return Movements, p,|
a. Data at present insufficient to form any decided opinion.
b. This Table is based on specimens only.
c. See pp. 34, 35.

ANALYSIS

OF THE

IRISH MIGRATION REPORTS, 1881-1897,

GOLDEN EAGLE (Aquila chrysdetus, Linn.).

“Eagles,” probably referable to this species, have been
reported from the Skelligs, April 1882, Clare Island, 1883
and 1884, Tearaght Rock, January 1885 and December 1887,
Samphire Island, November 1887, and Aranmore, May 1889,
April 1890, and September 1897. All these light-stations are
situated along the Kerry, Mayo, and Donegal coast-line.
There is no evidence of migration, or of an Eagle having been
observed at any part of the coast remote from its breeding-
haunts. It is noteworthy that since 1890 there is only one
record, whereas previously to that year there are seven.

SEA EAGLE (Halidetus albicilla, Linn.).

It is possible that some of the Eagles mentioned under
the foregoing head were of this species, which has now
become so rare in Ireland that its occurrence is improbable.
The Eagles seen at Tearaght Rock and Samphire Island in
1887, and at Aranmore in the springs of 1889 and 1890, are
described as having tails wholly or partially white, but may
all have been immature Golden Eagles.

GREENLAND Faucon (Falco candicans, J. F. Gmel.).

A rare and uncertain straggler to the Irish western sea-board,
the Greenland Falcon has twice been received from light-stations,
one example having been shot at Blackrock (Mayo) on March 10,
1884, and another, a beautiful adult male, at the Skelligs, on
September 28,1887. The winter of 1883-84 was signalised by
a remarkable immigration of this species, which is shown by
the light-keepers’ reports to have visited Blackrock (Mayo) on

a

Golden
Eagle.

Sea Eagle.

Greenland
Falcon.

Greenland
Falcon.

Peregrine
Falcon.

2 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

November 9, Slyne Head on December 2, and Tearaght on
December 12; while, as mentioned in the “ Migration Report ”
for 1883, p. 10, no fewer than eight specimens were obtained
the same year at various points on the west coast from Donegal
to Cork. In the spring of 1884 something like a return move-
ment seems to have been noticed at the same stations. One
specimen, as mentioned above, was shot at Blackrock (Mayo)
on the 10th of March; two were reported to have been shot
at Tearaght on March 23 and April 2 respectively; and two
others were subsequently (April 7) seen at the same station, in
the neighbourhood of which they may have remained during the
ensuing fortnight, as one was noted there as late as April 21.
From the light-keepers’ descriptions it seems probable that a
Greenland Falcon was again seen at the Tearaght on April 16,
1890, and one at Blackrock (Mayo) on November 23, 1891.
Blackrock (Mayo), Tearaght, Slyne Head, and Skelligs are the
four westernmost Irish light-stations, and it is interesting to find
that, with the exception of one questionable occurrence at the
Fastnet in December 1888, all the light-house records of this
visitor from Arctic America are due to them. It may be, as
was suggested in the “ Report” fer 1887 (p. 3), that the Falcons
thus occurring on the Irish coast are birds that have lost their
way in following flocks of sea-fowl on their southward journey

in autumn.
@

PEREGRINE FALcoN (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

The light-houses from which the Peregrine Falcon is reported
are chiefly those in the vicinity of its breeding-stations, and,
with one exception (Rockabill), all are situated on the north,
west, and south coasts. They are the Fastnet, Kinsale, Mine
Head, Dungarvan, and Hook Tower, on the south coast;
Rockabill, on the east; Rathlin Island, Innishtrahull, and Tory
Island, on the north; and Aranmore, Rathlin O’Birne, Killybegs,
Blackrock (Mayo), Slyne Head, Arran Island (North), Tearaght,
and Skelligs, on the west. The Peregrine has never been noted
from a light-ship; nor from the commencement of this inquiry
in 1881 to the end of 1897 had an instance been known of its
striking the lantern. On September 18, 1898, a specimen
was received which had struck one of the windows of the
Fastnet Light-house, and this was possibly a migrating bird,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 3

Hopsy (Falco subbuteo, Linn.).

On May 23, 1890, a male Hobby was caught resting on
board the Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, off the Wexford coast.
It died the following day, and its skin was received. This is
the only instance of the Hobby’s occurrence at an Irish light-
station, but two specimens have been received in the flesh from
Loftus Hall, Fethard, both picked up dead at that place, which
is situated on the peninsula of Hook on the south coast of
Wexford. One was found in the garden, in a very thin and
starved state,on May 17,1895; the other under a telephone
wire, on April 16, 1899, rather an early date. There is no
reason to doubt that both these birds were on their spring
passage. The Hobby is only known in Ireland as a very
rare summer visitor. Not more than ten specimens, including
the above, have been obtained; and the south-eastern corner
of the island is probably the usual place of arrival.

MERLIN (Falco csalon, Tunstall).

There is no evidence to show that the Merlin migrates to
or from Ireland, where it is generally distributed. Only
three specimens have been received from light-stations, of
which one was shot (Tearaght, October 19, 1887), one caught
in a house (Hook Tower, March 21, 1893), and one caught on
a cliff (Hook Tower, October 24, 1895). The capture of the
last mentioned may have been due to its exhaustion after a
long flight, but details are not to hand to prove that this was
the case. “Small Hawks,” which may or may not have been
Merlins, are stated to have been observed about several of the
light-ships, ¢g., Barrels Rock (July 1, 1891), Lucifer Shoals
(February 27, 1892), Coningbeg (May 15, 1893), and Arklow
North (May 21, 1896). As a regular summer visitor to
Iceland, the Merlin might be expected to be occasionally seen
on passage at the Irish light-stations.

KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.).

The Kestrel is the only Hawk which is known to have
struck the lantern of an Irish light-house. On the night of
April 19, 1890, an adult male was killed striking at Rathlin
Island, Co, Antrim. A Kestrel was also caught while resting on

Hobby.

Merlin.

Kestrel.

‘Kestrel.

Sparrow-
Hawk.

Snowy Owl.

4 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

board the Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, Co. Wexford, on November
27, 1894, so that the bird has been obtained on both spring
and autumn migration. The number of Kestrels received up
to the end of 1897 is eight, and all except two were shot.
Beyond establishing the fact of its occurrence at remote
rocky islets like the Tearaght, Skelligs, and Blackrock (Mayo),
six of the specimens are of no special interest.

SPARROW-HawK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

This species has never been received from a light-station,
and it is certain that many, if not most, of the references to
“ Sparrow-Hawks” in light-keepers’ reports apply to the
Kestrel, specimens of which, labelled “Sparrow-Hawk,” have
been received from two stations. Most of the entries under
the headings “Sparrow-Hawk” and “Hawks” are so vague as
to be almost valueless, and the question whether this common
Irish bird is migratory or not has yet to be determined. As
negative evidence, it is of interest to note that of twelve
“Hawks” forwarded at different times “by light-keepers, eight
are Kestrels, three Merlins, and-one a Hobby, while Accipiter
nisus remains so far unrepresented. |

Snowy Ow1. (WNyctea scandiaca, Linn.).

The only recorded occurrence of this bird at a light-station
is that of November 19, 1882, at Innishtrahull, where one
was shot by the principal light-keeper, and sent by him to
the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. Some particulars
received from Broadhaven regarding the shooting of a specimen
in Mayo, in April 1888, will be found in the Report for
that year (p. 8). A statement as to another having been shot
at Innishtrahull in October 1883 does not appear to have been
verified. A white Owl, possibly of this species, is also reported
to have been seen, but not obtained, at Innishtrahull on January
16, 1886. That the Snowy Owl’s visits should be chiefly to
the north and west coasts of our island is only what we should
expect from its distribution ; and it is an interesting question
whether our birds come to us from Arctic Europe, or, like the
Greenland Falcon, from the northern parts of the American
continent.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 5

LONG-EARED OWL (Aso otus, Linn.).

A Long-eared Owl was shot on the Tuskar Rock on the 13th
of November 1887, at 11.30 a.m. The preceding three nights
(November 10-12) had been marked at the Tuskar and other
stations by an extraordinary rush of birds, which comprised
Thrush, Blackbird, and Starling in “countless numbers,” inter-
mixed to some extent at the Tuskar with Missel-Thrush,
Redwing, Meadow-Pipit, Skylark, Woodcock, and Jack Snipe, of
which legs and wings were received. The Owl may have been
pursuing these birds on their passage; and there is evidence
of a somewhat similar incident having occurred at the Fastnet
on the night of November 11, 1885, when, during a rush of
Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings, a Brown Owl, with “golden
colour on breast,” was observed killing small birds. It will be
seen that the dates of these two incidents are nearly the same,
and while the description of the plumage may apply as well to
the Short-eared as the Long-eared Owl, the habit of hunting by
night is much more characteristic of the latter.

Under the next species it is shown that a considerable
migration of Owls to the Irish coast probably takes place every
year in the first half of November, and, from the instance above
quoted, it appears not unlikely that a fair number of the birds
reported at that season are Long-eared Owls.!

Only one instance has been reported of an Owl occurring at
a light-ship, viz.,on December 2, 1895, when a bird described
as a “Cat-Owl” was seen on the Codling Bank ship. This was
probably of the present species, to which, in Ireland, the name
of “ Cat-Owl” is frequently applied.

SHORT-EARED OWL (Asvo accipitrinus, Pallas).

Although the Short-eared Owl is known to be a regular
winter visitor to Ireland, it does not appear to strike the
lanterns when migrating, nor, indeed, had a specimen ever
been received from a light-station until the autumn of 1899,
when one, shot on the 21st of October, was sent from
Aranmore.

1This agrees with the experience of Mr Edward Williams, of Dame Street,
Dublin. In one instance he received for preservation a Long-eared Owl which
had been shot out of a flock of twelve, in autumn, in the neighbourhood of
Enniskillen. Whether the remaining eleven Owls were all of the same species
was not ascertained.

Long-eared
Owl.

Short-eared
Owl.

Short-eared
Owl.

6 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

There is thus less evidence from light-houses of the migration
of the Short-eared than of that of the Long-eared Owl, which,
as has been shown under the foregoing heading, was once
received from the Tuskar. It would be difficult to assign to
either species the birds which have from time to time been
reported as “Owls,” and were not obtained; but it is reason-
able to assume that some of those seen near light-stations
at the season of passage are Short-eared Owls.
Looking to the dates at which Owls have been reported in
autumn (z.¢., from the end of August to end of December), we
find the first half of September represented by two birds, the
second half by one, each half of October by two, the first half
of November by fourteen, the second half by one, and each
half of December by one. The Owls noted during the first
fifteen days of November are thus found to outnumber those
observed during the remaining 107 days of the entire period,
making it sufficiently clear that some autumnal migration
takes place, which reaches its maximum in the early half
of November. The birds then noticed are as follows :—
Fastnet, November 11, 1885 (see under foregoing species), Brown Owl
killing small birds at night.

Old Head, Kinsale, November 10, 1884, one Brown Owl at 10 A.M.
going W.

Mine Head, November 12, 1885, one Owl seen in daytime.

» 39 November 9, 1890, two Owls flying S. at 4 P.M.

5 » November 14, 1895, Barn Owl caught in acrag. [Received

in flesh.]

Tuskar Rock, November 12, 1884, “Short-eared Owl” alighted at
2P.M.; came from E.

Tuskar Rock, November 13, 1887, Owl shot on rock at 11.30 A.M.
[Leg and wing of Long-eared Owl received.] (See under fore-
going species.)

Rockabill, November 5, 1891, one Owl on rock from 10 A.M. to

11.30 A.M. ; went W.
Rockabill, November 6, 1891, one from 9 A.M. to 11 A.M.
+ November 10, 1891, one on rock.
November 13, 1891, one between 11 A.M. and 1 P.M.; went W.
Copeland (Mew) Island, November 4, 1895, Owl on island.
Slyne Head, &., ie ane 5, 1887, one Owl on island.

The four entries from Rockabill may refer (as the light-
keeper thought) to the same bird, or may indicate an

immigration past the island. In either case it is highly
probable that both the Rockabill and Mew Island birds

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 7

should be referred to the Short-eared species. The remain-
ing birds may, in a few instances, have been Barn Owls,
as was the case with one received from Mine Head; but that
most of them were either Long-eared or Short-eared is clear,
since the Tawny Owl, Syrniwm aluco, is unknown in Ireland.

The earliest Owl observed in autumn, not at a land-station,
was reported from the Tuskar, September 18, 1881, seen at
8 aM. The latest was that seen in Codling Bank Light-ship
during the night of December 2, 1895. -

In spring the earliest observation is from Rathlin O’Birne,
February 12,1891, one at 3 p.m. going E.; and the latest from
Mew Island, May 10, 1885; but the spring entries are neither
so numerous nor so significant as those made in autumn, and
no specimens were received. A “Short-eared Owl” is said to
have been seen at Innishtrahull, where its occurrence or migra-
tion was likely, on March 16, 1886, and an Owl seen at
Rockabill, April 13, 1885, may well have been of the same
species. Two going N.E. from the Tuskar at 11 A.M., on March
20, 1887, may have been Long-eared Owls.

Barn-Ow. (Strix jflammea, Linn.).

Has not been received or reported from any but land-
stations, and in no instance has this or any other Owl
struck the lantern.

Apart from the meagre evidence supplied by the light-
houses, from one of which (Mine Head) a Barn-Owl caught
in a crag was forwarded in November 1895, it is a curious
fact that between the years 1891 and 1899 five birds of this
species have been received from other quarters, which had
all been either caught or picked up dead during the months
of March, October, and November. One was caught asleep
on Malin Head, October 23, 1891; one found dead at Fassaroe,
Co. Wicklow, three miles inland, March 15, 1897; one found
dead at Ballyman, Co. Dublin, three miles inland, October 24,
1897; one caught asleep in a field close to the sea at Slade,
on the Hook peninsula, Co. Wexford, October 26, 1897; and
another found dead at Fassaroe, November 12, 1899.

The coincidence of several of the above dates seems to
suggest exhaustion after a migratory passage.

Short-eared
Owl.

Barn-Owl.

Woodchat
Shrike.

Spotted
Flycatcher,

8 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

: _
WooDCHAT SHRIKE (Lanius pomeranus, Sparrman).

Is known as an Irish species on the strength of a single
occurrence at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Co. Wexford,
on the night of August 16, 1893. The specimen, of which
only a leg and wing were received, was a young bird, and
had probably lost its way in a fog. Several “other small
birds” are reported to have been around the lantern on the
same and the previous night, and a Wheatear, Sedge Warbler,
and Blackbird were obtained.?

[Obs—No specimen of the Great Grey Shrike (Lanius
excubttor, Linn.), which occasionally visits Ireland in autumn,
has been received.

The absence of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio,
Linn.) is less singular, as it has only once been obtained in
the country. |

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

In spring the Spotted Flycatcher has only been forwarded
from stations on the south and south-east coast, from Fastnet,
Co. Cork, to Arklow North Light-ship, Co. Wicklow. It does
not appear to strike the lanterns numerously, since, from 1887
to 1899 inclusive, only nine examples have been obtained
on spring migration—one in April, seven in May, and one in
June. The date of the earliest, killed at the Tuskar, was
April 19, 1895; that of the latest, at Barrels Rock Light-ship,
was June 1, 1887. The dates of the remaining seven were
respectively, May 10, 16, 17, 18, 23, 26, and 28, the second
fortnight in May thus furnishing two-thirds of the Spotted
Flycatchers killed on spring migration. Only once (in 1893)
were two specimens received during the same spring, and
these were killed at adjacent stations, Arklow South and
Blackwater Bank Light-ships, on consecutive nights, the 16th
and 17th of May. Seven of the nine were obtained at stations
off the Wexford coast.

‘On autumn migration the species occurs even less frequently
than in spring, only five examples (including one, July 30)
having been received. At this season there is no well-
marked flight-line observable as in spring. The west coast

1 Ibis, 1899, p. 158.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 9

furnishes two specimens, and all have been obtained at very Spotted

different dates. The five are as follows :— aac
July 30, 1895, . ; : ‘ Tuskar.
September 21, 1887, . ’ Coningbeg Light-ship.
October 2, 1887, : P : Tearaght.
fe 20, 388, Blackrock (Mayo).

November 20-30 (?), 1897, ; Tuskar.

As the bulk of our Spotted Flycatchers generally appear to
have left us by the middle of September, it cannot be said
that any of the above dates fall within the normal time of the
species’ departure, and the two latest are especially remarkable.

JG

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER.

$1=One specimen forwarded in spring (April 19 to June 1).
A2=Two specimens “ autumn (July 30 to November 20).

All the occurrences, both in spring and autumn, have been
at light-ships and island-rocks.

Light-ships— Island-Rocks—
Coningbeg, oe Fastnet, . 1
Barrels Rock, . 1 Tuskar, . : 4
Blackwater Bank, . 2 Blackrock (Mayo), . 1
Arklow South, 1 Tearaght, 1
Arklow North, 1 ie
an

Spotted
Flycatcher.

Red-
breasted
Flycatcher.

Pied Fly-
catcher.

10 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Average length of wing, 3°33 inches; longest, 3-425; shortest,
3-200; difference between extremes, 0°225; percentage of varia-
tion, 7.

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Juscicapa parva, Bechstein).

In the Red-breasted Flycatcher we have a curious instance
of a bird which, while otherwise unknown to the Irish fauna,
has on as many as four occasions been received from light-
stations. In no instance has it been found on the mainland.
The localities and dates are—

Arklow South Light-ship, Co. Wexford, October 23, 1887.
Tearaght Rock Light-house, Co. Kerry, October 20, 1890.

Tory Island Light-house, Co. Donegal, October 28, 1894.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Co. Wexford, September 24, 1898.

Two of the above-mentioned stations are situated on the
east coast, one on the north, and one on the west. The
south coast is not yet known to have been visited, but there
is reason to believe that a bird of this species was seen at
the Fastnet by Mr George Dunleavy on the 16th of October
1888. The date of Mr Dunleavy’s observation (see p. 8)
agrees well with the other records, since three of them belong
to the last half of October. Again at Blackrock (Mayo),
Mr Richard Widdicombe, about the 20th of October 1889, saw
(see p. 68) a bird “like a Spotted Flycatcher with a red
breast.” If these records be correct, we have evidence of the
Red-breasted Flycatcher having visited Ireland six times, and
in at least four successive Octobers, 1887-1890—but always
on an island or light-ship.

All the examples were apparently immature.

PreD FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn.).

Has seven times been obtained at light-houses, always in
autumn, and always at island-rocks.

Before the commencement of this investigation, the Pied
Flycatcher had once been shot in Ireland, by Mr Robert
Warren, at Moyview, Co. Sligo, April 19, 1875. Since then

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 11

all the records have been from light-stations. The specimens Pied Fly-
catcher.
sent are as follows :—

One at Tearaght Rock, September 21, 1886.
» Fastnet, October 5, 1886.
» Tuskar, September 28, 1888.
» Fastnet, September 30, 1888.
» Tuskar, August 7, 1890.
» Fastnet, September 8, 1896.
» Fastnet, October 9, 1899.

The above appear to be all immature. One (Tuskar 1890)
was received in flesh, and six are represented only by legs
and wings.

The bird is supposed to have been seen on the Fastnet Rock
on three other occasions, once in autumn (October 21, 1888)
and twice in spring (April 12, 1887, and April 26, 1888).
The observer in these three instances was Mr G. Dunleavy,
from whom two of the four Fastnet specimens were received ;
but strict proof is still wanting of the Pied Flycatcher’s occur-
rence at Irish light-stations in spring.

The number of autwmnal occurrences of this rare species
is remarkable if compared with other migrants. For instance,
the following are all common summer visitors to Ireland, yet
none of them have been received so often as seven times in
autumn :—

Spotted Flycatcher (five times), Grasshopper Warbler (once),
Chiffchaff (five times), Swallow (once), House-Martin (never),
Sand-Martin (never), Swift (three times, young only), Nightjar
(never), Cuckoo (three times, young only), Corn-Orake (three
times), and Common Sandpiper (twice).

All the light-houses at which the Pied Flycatcher has been
obtained are south of the latitude of Tralee (lat. 52° 16’). The
Fastnet, where it has occurred most frequently, is the southern-
most Irish light-station (51° 23’).

GOLDEN ORIOLE (Oriolus galbula, Linn.).

Once obtained from the Skelligs Light-house, Co. Kerry. A ir
female, believed by the light-keeper to have been killed by
a Peregrine Falcon, was found dead on the rock on the 23rd of
May 1899, and a leg and wing, with the tail, were forwarded.

Water-
Ouzel, or
Dipper.

Missel-
Thrush.

12 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

>
WATER-OUZEL, OR DiprPER (Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein).

Has never struck the lantern, but it once visited the small
island of Rathlin O’Birne, two miles west of Co. Donegal.
One shot there on December 13, 1889, is said to have
frequented a small pool for several weeks (see p. 68). This
is the only Dipper received, and there is not the slightest
evidence, either from the light-house schedules or otherwise,
that this common species migrates to or from Ireland, or even
locally in Ireland.

MIssEL-THRUSH (Turdus viscivorus, Linn.).

There is a seeming anomaly in the facts relating to this
bird. During the seven years 1886-1892 inclusive it was
caught or killed at the lanterns every year, yet no specimen
has been so obtained in the seven succeeding years 1893-
1899. It is possible that some struck and were not
forwarded by the light-keepers, but the contrast between
the two periods is singular.

The Missel-Thrush has struck in the months of October,
November, January, February, and March. November, how-
ever, yields half the specimens received; one was forwarded
in October, five in November, one in January, two in February,
and one in March. Most of the above ten were obtained
during “rushes” of other species, chiefly the Song-Thrush.

The stations at which the Missel-Thrush has struck are
widely distributed, being situated on the coasts of Cork,
Wexford, Dublin, Antrim, Donegal, and Sligo. All the five
occurrences in the south (Fastnet, Hook Tower, and Tuskar)
were autumnal (October and November); three on the east
(Rockabill and Maidens) were in spring (February and March).
The north coast proper received none, but Aranmore, the most
northerly of west coast stations, sent one killed on November
30, and Oyster Island, Co. Sligo, furnished the only example
obtained in January.

‘ Some birds observed at Innishtrahull, August 3, 1895, were
probably Missel-Thrushes, and one said to have been caught
at the Tuskar, April 9, 1888, needs confirmation.

During the severe frost and snow of February 1895, immense
hosts of birds took refuge in the S.W. corner of Ireland, and a

wag

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 7 13

Missel-Thrush, then found dead among many other birds on
Samphire Island in Tralee Bay, is the only specimen received
since 1892.

This species has never been received from a light-ship.

The measurements of the wings obtained show little
variation.

Average length of wing, 6:03; longest, 6°20; shortest, 5°85;
difference between extremes, 0°35; percentage of variation, 6.

TurvusH (Turdus musicus, Linn.).

The winter migration of the Thrush is one of the marked
features of Irish ornithology. This species arrives in im-
mense numbers on our south-east coast during October and
November, and migration continues on a large scale through
December, January, February, and March. It is seen passing
the light-houses in considerable flocks by day, but occurs far
more numerously at night, and in cloudy or foggy seasons
numbers are frequently killed and disabled striking. For
instance, in October 1897 the light-keeper at the Tuskar Rock
(off the south-east corner of Ireland) reports “from five to
six hundred Blackbirds and Thrushes killed each night
from the 20th to the 23rd,” and this represents only a
small proportion of the great wave of Thrush migration then
in progress, which can be traced during some of the same
nights at the Fastnet, Mine Head, Coningbeg, Blackwater
Bank, and Rockabill lights—z.c., from the coast of Cork to that
of Dublin.

The mass of information received on the migration of this
species is large, and the difficulty of sifting the data is
increased by the fact that the light-keepers frequently con-
found the Thrush with the Redwing.

In this case probably the best criterion of the relative
proportion in which these two species occur on migration,
is the number of specimens received of each. This, counting
to the end of 1899, is—

Thrush, ; ; ; ; 118
Redwing, ; : . ; 61

From which it appears probable that the Thrush visits us
about twice as numerously as the Redwing. The year in

Missel-
Thrush,

Thrush.

Thrush.

Lh MIGRATION OF BIRDS

which most Thrushes were received” was 1898, when 22
were forwarded, and only 1 Redwing; next came 1891, with
18 Thrushes and 3 Redwings; and 1890, with 13 Thrushes
and 4 Redwings. A remarkable rush to be mentioned under
Redwing caused it to predominate greatly among the legs
and wings sent in 1897, and in 1893 the only specimens re-
ceived—all killed in January—were 1 Thrush and 3 Red-
wings. In no other years than these two has the Redwing
outnumbered the Thrush, while in eleven of fourteen con-
secutive years (1886-1899) the Thrush preponderated over
the Redwing. The numbers were equal (4 of each) in 1889.
Great rushes at lanterns have occurred in October, November
(many), December, February, March, and April, but none are
recorded in January. As these phenomena depend largely
on the weather, they are not a trustworthy clue to the com-
parative density of the Thrush’s migration at different dates.
A safer method is to tabulate for each month the whole
number of separately dated observations of the Thrush em-
bodied in the “Reports” (1883-1897), and also the number
of separately dated specimens’ received up to and inelud-
ing 1899. Thus— .
Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.

Observations, 123 148 115 64 5 5 4 5 39 336 340 179 1363
Specimens, T2- i710. 4 0° 1). O08 DS) Adee ees

These two sets of figures agree closely in their leading
result—z.e., a great preponderance of both observations and
specimens for October and November, November being slightly
the richer in both. December shows a large diminution,
its observations and specimens being about half those of
November. This decrease is still further perceptible in
January. February is marked by a distinct increase, and
March and April by a decisive and progressive diminution,
which practically reaches a vanishing point in May.

The amount of migration for each month having thus been
roughly measured, it is possible, by subdividing the months in
which migration occurs into shorter periods, to mark the times
of its ebb and flow more clearly.

1 7,c., when two or more specimens were forwarded from the same station on
the same night, they are here counted as only one,

a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 15

The numbers in the following Table indicate specimens Thrush.

received :—
Periods. Beeenens Periods. ae
September 1-10, . te January 1-10, . , 3
i, Sia ss er bens eg-Sy brary (in 6
<3 Bi Napenelee a8 CS. re
October 1-10, . 4 February 1-10, . ey Se
‘ 2 | oS Ea: 2
‘ feab.. -. - 13 beg Fe a3 4
November 1-10, . 7 bo March 1-10 2
z peep 8. 9 » 11-20, 6
21-30, . 5 “ 21-31, 2
December 1-10, . 5 April 1-10, 3
2 Mog oS 18 A 1: aedaae a | ae
> a 2 : ea

At least 80 per cent. of the specimens striking were killed in
the 4th and 1st quarters of the moon, and this rule holds good
with other birds, apparently without any distinction between
one species and another.

The intimate relation between the lunar phases and the
number of specimens forwarded as killed striking is well shown
by the statistics from 1888 to 1894. During these seven years,
out of a total of 673 birds received, only 106, or less than
16 per cent., were killed when the moon was more than half
full. On examining the statistics of individual species, it was
found that the proportion varied so very slightly that it may be
said the rule holds good for all. Each year, therefore, the
period of maximum striking changes with the lunar phases, and
in arguing from specimens to dates, this has always to be borne
in mind.

The figures for the above-mentioned years are as follows :—

Total Specimens killed Striking
of all Species.

Lunar Phase, Lunar Phase,
Ist and 4th 2nd and 3rd

Quarter. Quarter,

1888, . , ; : ¥. . 56 14
1889, . : : : , 77 22
ES90,.. . ‘ : : tp ee 31
Ison. . : : : ae Lal 11
1892, . ’ ; 92 21
1893, . ; ; : ; 53 +t
1894, . : 40 3

Total, . . 567 106

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“T68T GNV O68T NI

CaN

“tady Pyoreyy

SNOILVLIG-JHOIT HSIUY LY ONIMIYLG GQUTTIIY saulg ao UadWNoON CHL NO sasvHg S,NOOJ{ AHL AO LOMMAY AHL YNILVULSATII WVuYVIG

me AOD HID COD

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 17

The month of maximum migration is thus shown to be from
the 20th of October to the 20th of November, during which
thirty-one days 37 specimens have been received, as against
13 in the preceding thirty, and 18 in the following thirty days.

Of the large number of specimens sent in February (as com-
pared with December, January, and March), it appears that a
majority have been obtained in the first ten days of that month,
and that from January 10 to February 10 is the month of

_ greatest Thrush migration in the early part of the year.

It is apparently at a standstill from April 10 to September
20, and is stronger during the first ten days of November than
at any other time.

The Thrush strikes the lanterns on every part of the Irish
coast, and its legs and wings have been received from no fewer
than twenty-five stations. The number contributed by each is
shown in the annexed table. From this it appears that the
largest number of specimens, and also the largest number of
separately dated observations, come from Blackwater Bank
Light-ship, next to which rank the South Arklow Light-ship
and Tuskar Rock Light-house, all these three stations lying off
the eastern shore of the County Wexford, and contributing
between them more than half the specimens received from the
whole coast of Ireland. A line drawn from Tuskar Rock to
Arklow South Light-ship—z.e., a distance of some forty miles—
would probably traverse the flight-line of most of the Thrushes
which migrate into Ireland.

[See Table on next page.
b

Thrush.

18 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Thrush. TABLE sHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF Turdys musicus AROUND THE
Irish CoAsST WHEN ON MIGRATION.
Me ee eee
|
|No. of Years No. of separ-| No. of separ-| AYeT#ge
aneenich STATION. ately dated ately, dated TWeteetrations
reported. Observations.| Specimens. to each year.
South Coast.
10 Fastnet, : 25 3 2°5
| 4 Old Head, Kinsale, 6 15
3 Spit Bank, il ad 0°3
10 Mine Head, : Ni 2 aks
7 Dungarvan, . 5 1 07
6 Hook Tower, 3 V7 3 3°0
15 Coningbeg Light. ship, . ; 72 9 50
14 Barrels Rock ‘Light- -ship, 16 2 a
69 159 20 2:3
East Coast.
15 Tuskar, : : : 161 12 10°6
6 Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, . 20 1 3°3
10 Blackwater Bank “Light- uy 165 36 16°5
15 Arklow S. Light-ship, . 134 16 9-0
15 N. : 112 3 75
7 Codling Bank Licht-ship, : 14 2°0
6 Kish Bank Light-ship, ‘ 20 3°3
7 Howth Baily, . , ; 14 Be 2°0
12 Rockabill, . : : ; 84 3 7:0
4 Drogheda, N., —. : 4 1:0
es Skulmartin Light-ship, ‘ a 2 ns
11 South Rock Light-ship, F 29 4 2°6
13 Copeland (Mew) Island, .. 56 1 4:3
15 Maidens N., W., and S., 3 72 4 50
Te 885 82 65
North Coast.
7 Rathlin Island, 3 ! 3 0°5
15 Innishtrahull, : : 55 1 SOF)
9 Dunree Head, : : : Se 0°3
9 Tory Island, 5 : ; 34 3:8
40) 95 1 2°4
Vest Coast. )
9 Aranmore, . : 3 : 15 1 sy |
13 Rathlin O’Birne, . : : 23 1 1°8 :
11 Killybegs, . : , : 18 si 16 |
5) Oyster Island, . : : 5 1 17
8 Broadhaven, : : 1 0-1
6 Eagle Island, ‘ : : 3 b=
9 Blackrock, Mayo, : : ial 1:2
4 Blacksod Point, . oe f ss
5 Clare Island, F : il + 0°2
8 Slyne Head, : : ‘ 31 a 4-0
12 Arran Island, N., 30 3 Bb
4 Straw Island, il 0°3
‘ 7 Arran Island, S., 15 2°0
6 Samphire Island, . 4 1 07
11 Tearaght, . 29 5 2°6
4 Valentia, 4 1:0
alt Skelligs, 8 0°7
2 Bull Rock, 1 | 0°5
2 Dursey Island, 1 O°5
135 224 2 U4

1 When two or more are sent from the same station on the same date, only one is counted.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 19

The more northerly stations of the east coast (from lat. 53° N.
to lat. 55° N.) have furnished only 14 specimens, while the
southerly (52° N. to 53° N.) yield 68. Some interest-
ing rushes are reported at the Mew Island (Co. Down) and
Maidens (Co. Antrim) Light-houses on the night of February
20, 1890; but it is plain from the lists of killed and disabled,
that in these instances a great majority of the birds striking
belonged to other species, notably the Lark.

The five stations on the south coast, which lie towards
its eastern extremity, furnish 17 of the 20 specimens received.
These are north of the 52nd parallel, while the remaining
light-houses are farther south.

Only 12 specimens have been sent from the west coast,
and of these the light-houses between 52° 5’ N. and 53° 10’ N.
lat. contribute 9; the limits of maximum density being thus,
apparently, about the same on the east and west coasts.

The north coast has forwarded only one specimen.

More than 80 per cent. of the Thrushes received from Irish
light-stations were therefore obtained within a zone which lies
between latitudes 52° and 53° 10’ N., the actual numbers
being— ,

North of 53° 10’, . , : : : 18
South of 52°, ; : : ; . 3
Between 52° and 53° 10’, . ‘ ; : 94

115

Seventy-three of the whole number are from light-ships, 36
from light-houses on islands, and 6 from the mainland.

A question which has not been touched on in dealing with
any of the foregoing species is that of the direction of the
migratory flight. On this subject the data have to be founded
on observations made in the day-time, and on birds sufficiently
familiar to be recognised as they fly. Consequently we are
still in the dark on many points of the deepest interest. Much
as our curiosity may be stimulated by the lateness of the
Spotted Flycatcher’s autumnal visits to some of our island-
rocks, no information can be elicited from the light-keepers
as to the direction in which it is then travelling; . and
we are left to conjecture as to whether the seven Pied

Thrush.

Thrush.

20 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Flycatchers which have been killed af our southern light-
stations in autumn were leaving or approaching the Irish
shore. On such questions our inferences must be largely based
on analogy. The Thrush, however, is one of the few species
which to some extent fulfil the conditions under which direct
data are obtainable; and accordingly we find in the light-
keepers’ reports about two hundred records of the directions in
which Thrushes have been seen migrating. These lead to a
curious and suggestive result.

Briefly, this result is that all the Thrushes seen on migration
at Irish light-stations are making for the land. From the first
flock noted in October to the last in April, all are pushing
their way to the same goal. The exceptions are so few as to
be insignificant, especially as they are not more numerous in
spring than in autumn. The movements may be tabulated as
follows :—

Landward. | Seaward. Coasting.
=

October, ao ee A ced | 2 4
November, .. : ee 5 ti
December, . : am Yl 21 | 3 3
January, : ; ay 23 | 2 5
February, . ; | 21 1 1
March, . : ad 14 1 | 1
April, % : 5a 5 3 /

152 14 28

We thus find that the migration of the Thrush, so far as our
light-stations indicate its course, is one continuous immigration.
The birds which reach us in such vast numbers in autumn are
not seen departing in spring; on the contrary, their forces
seem then to be further augmented from over sea. That
a considerable emigration takes place cannot be doubted, but
of the times and places of the departure our information
is nil.

The arrival of so many Thrushes in February is a puzzling
circumstance; but it may be suggested as a possible explana-
tion that by that time the pastures of England, and of such
portions of the Continental littoral as remain green during

——

eet

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 91

the winter, are bare of herbage, and the supply of insect or
molluscous food in such spots consequently at its minimum,
whereas the Irish fields, under the influence of a higher
winter temperature, are comparatively green even in February,
especially in the south-west.

From the measurements of 94 wings obtained on migration
(see Appendix, p. 622), it appears that the Thrushes which reach
us early in autumn are, as a rule, longer winged birds than
those which strike later. This is shown by the following
figures :— ;

Of 50 obtained in October, November, and December—
25 earliest (Oct. 6 to Nov. 3) average in length of wing, 4'625 in.
25 latest (Nov. 5 to Dec. 25) - iO AGO |,,
And of 40 obtained in January, February, March, and April—
20 earliest (Jan. 4 to Feb. 9) average in length of wing, 4°600 in.
20 latest (Feb. 9 to April 21) __,, te ot. Seo ..

Average length of wing, 4°6; longest, 4°775; shortest, 4:300 ;
difference between extremes, 0°475; percentage of variation, 10.

REDWING (Z'urdus iliacus, Linn.).

Most of the Redwings received from light-stations have been
sent as Thrushes, and 7’urdus musicus has frequently been sent
as a Redwing. Great caution has therefore to be exercised in
accepting unverified statements as to either bird, and particularly
as to the scarcer of the two. As was shown under the pre-
ceding species, about half as many Redwings as Thrushes have
been received from light-stations, and this does not represent
the full extent of the disproportion, since of the whole number
of the 61 Redwings forwarded, as many as 28 struck in 1897.

This species has struck at the Rockabill Light-house as early
as September 20, being three days in advance of the earliest
date on which the Thrush has been obtained on autumnal
migration. Like the Thrush, it occurs chiefly in October
and November; but in the Redwing we find no parallel to
the spring migration which was so remarkable in the Thrush.
The specimens received (discarding one undated and one shot
at a land-station) are distributed among the different months
as follows :—

Thrush.

Redwing.

Redwing,

9D MIGRATION OF BIRDS

September, : : : 1
October, . ; ’ 20
November, ; : ; 19
December, ‘ ; : 14
January, ’ : : 3
February, ; : : 0
March, . ; : : 2

The three January specimens occurred in the first ten days of
that month, and therefore evidently belong to the same migra-
tion as the December birds, a migration which seems to cease
about the middle of January. Ninety-seven per cent. of our
Redwings may therefore be said to have struck during the
autumnal influx. The two birds obtained in March struck on
the 5th and 8th of that month, and represent all the evidence
we possess of the spring migration.

The evidence of the autumnal movement is very fragmentary.
In the years 1885, 1886, and 1889, all the specimens forwarded
were killed in October; in 1888, 1890, and 1898, none were
received till November; in the winter of 1892-93 September
and January were the only months in which any were sent;
and during the four following winters none (except a March
bird) came to hand at all. It is therefore obvious that the data
are insufficient for fixing the principal time of arrival with any
certainty.

Still, the following figures are of some interest :—

Before October 14, Specimens received, 1
From October 14 to November 13, & a 33
From November 14 to December 13, = ee i
From December 14 to January 13, - 4s 16

Total, ’ ; 20a

It seems as if the first inrush is followed by a lull, and this,
towards midwinter, by a renewed immigration, probably of
birds whose food-supply is exhausted, In mild seasons it is
possible that this second migration does not take place, as the
years in which we have direct evidence of it are only four, viz.,
1887, 1890, 1892, and 1897; and since the only years in which
Redwings were received between November 13 and December
13 are also 1890 and 1897, it is probable that birds striking
after November 13 are rather precursors of the later than
laggards of the earlier movement.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 93

In connection with the above fact, it is particularly curious
that while the occurrences prior to November 13 are distributed
from north to south of Ireland, no birds killed after that date
have been received from stations north of lat. 53° 10’,

Before November 13.

Specimens from stations north of lat. 53° 10’,

” ” ” south ” ” > = b
Za ,, station in lat. 53° 10'(N. Arran), . aiid
34
After November 13.
Specimens from stations north of lat. 53° 10’, : ae
” ” ” south ” pb) : . 7
i » station in lat. 53° 10’ (N. Arran), . O) 16

This strengthens the inference that the later birds do not
come direct from the north of Europe.

There is some evidence to show that the Redwing is apt to
strike simultaneously over a wide area during periods of short
continuance. Thus, in 1887, the first specimens received were
from Tory Island and Tuskar (north-west and south-east corners
of Ireland), killed on the 16th and 17th of October respectively;
no more were forwarded till November 11, when one was killed
striking at Barrels Rock Light-ship ; and on the following night
(November 12) examples were obtained at such widely remote
stations as the Fastnet, Tuskar, and Innishtrahull Light-houses ;
after which, for six weeks, none were received. Again, in 1897,
the first received were birds which had struck on the same
night (October 23) at the Fastnet and Copeland Island lights;
next night (October 24) Mine Head sent a specimen, and on
the next (October 25) several struck on North Arran Island.
Even years when only two specimens were obtained, such as
1886 and 1888, afford further illustrations of the same tendency.

Redwings seem seldom to strike except in company with
other birds, and legs and wings of this species have been sent
with those of the Thrush (nine times), Blackbird (five times),
Starling (four times), Fieldfare, Lark, and Chaffinch (each three
times), Titlark (twice), and Missel-Thrush, Stonechat, Blackcap,
Greentinch, Siskin, Water-Rail, Dunlin, and Wigeon (each once).

Redwing.

Redwing.

2h MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The two birds which struck in spring were, however, forwarded
alone; and, curiously, both were from light-ships, though the
Redwing’s occurrences at light-ships in autumn are rare,
numbering only six.

In the autumn of 1897 great numbers seem to have
occurred on migration at North Arran Island, off the Galway
coast. The light-keeper, on October 23rd, reported “first
Blackbirds and Thrushes seen on island since the beginning
of summer;” and on the nights of the 25th, 26th, and 31st
of October, 1st, 2nd, 19th, and 23rd of November, and
18th, 20th, 21st, and 23rd of December, “'Thrushes” (to the
number of twenty-eight) were reported as killed striking,
which, however, when their legs and wings were received,
proved to be twenty-five Redwings and three Thrushes. This
is a clearly exceptional instance of T'urdus iliacus greatly out-
numbering its more common congener at Irish light-stations.

Other legs and wings received from North Arran during the
same period (October 23rd to December 23rd) belonged to
seven Blackbirds, two Starlings, one Titlark, and one Chaffinch,
making, with the twenty-five Redwings and three Thrushes,
a total from this station of thirty-nine birds. Up to the 13th
of November, the proportions were nine Redwings to twelve
other birds, and after that date they were sixteen Redwings
to two other birds. Thus the Blackbird nearly equalled the
Redwing during the earlier period, while it appears to have
been totally absent in the later. This difference agrees with
the view already suggested, that the earlier birds represent
a strictly seasonal migration from Northern Europe, in which
many species participate simultaneously, while the later
immigrants are birds gradually driven westwards from their
original winter retreat, and arrive in the order of their
susceptibility to frost.

Comparing the number of differently dated specimens sent
from various portions of the coast, in the case of Thrush and
Redwing we have—

South Coast. East Coast. North Coast. West Coast.

Thrush, . . 20 82 1 12
Redwing, . P 8 20 2 13

Striking was almost wholly suspended during the second and third quarters
of the moon in each month.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 25

The number of Redwings forwarded from the west coast is much
larger than the normal, by reason of the exceptional Arran
Island rush in 1897.

The measurements of 50 wings (September to January) give
the following result :—

25 earliest (Sept. 20 to Nov. 11) average in length, 4'61 in.
25 latest (Nov. 12 to Jan. 10) fs - 4°59 ,,

Like the Thrush, the longest winged birds come first; but if
we treat the autumnal migration as divisible into two, before
and after November 13, a very interesting result is obtained.

Taking the specimens killed before November 13, we find a
marked superiority in length of earlier wings, thus :—

14 earliest (Sept. 20 to Oct. 26) average in length, 4°65 in.
14 latest (Oct. 27 to Nov. 12) és 4:55 45

Taking the specimens killed after November 13, we find the
reverse, 7.¢., a marked superiority in length of later wings,
thus :—

11 earliest (Nov. 19 to Dec. 20) average in length, 4°56 in.
11 latest (Dec. 20 to Jan. 10) - - AGB. 4,

The cause which might be expected to give priority to
the long wings in a seasonal rush does not operate to the
same extent in the case of birds that only migrate when
compelled to do so. So it is not surprising to find that in the
second migration, which differs in so many respects from the
earlier one, the first comers are not longer winged than the
last arrivals. That they are actually shorter winged might be
building too large an inference on 22 specimens; but the
hypothesis naturally suggests itself that in seasons of dearth
the smaller, and consequently weaker, birds are soonest forced
to retreat.

Considering the number of specimens available, perhaps too
much has been made of the second autumnal rush of this
species; but with the view of stimulating further inquiry, the
apparent characteristics of this abnormal movement may thus
be summarised :—The second rush was confined to stations
south of lat. 53° 10’; the first rush has no such limitation.
Then, many other species participated in the first autumnal

Redwing.

Redwing.

Fieldfare.

26 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

rush, whereas few accompanied the Redwings on the second one.
Again, in the first rush, the longest winged specimens arrived
earliest; in the second they arrived latest. The first rush is
an annual occurrence; the second rush is not.

Average length of wing, 46; longest, 4°82; shortest, 4°35 ;
difference between extremes, 0°47 ; percentage of variation, 10.

The average length and percentage of variation are precisely
the same as for the Thrush.

FIELDFARE (Z'wrdus pilaris, Linn.).

Compared with the Redwing, the Fieldfare is a conspicuous
and readily recognised species, and it has been recorded at some
stations with a certain degree of regularity, particularly in the
north, and at Rockabill.

At Innishtrahull (the northernmost Irish light-station),
Fieldfares have been observed on migration during nine out
of ten consecutive autumns (1886-1895); the first birds being
noted five times in October, three times in November, and
once (in 1890) as late as December.

Several remarkable movements have been reported from
this light-house.

In 1886 “a most extraordinary rush of Fieldfares” is noted,
with heavy snow showers, wind N., on December 18th to 20th.
The light-keeper writes: “ All apparently came from the Scotch
coast. JI never saw such a rush; the oldest people on island
never saw the like. A great number left on 21st; not one to
be seen after 23rd.” Four western stations—Aranmore, Rathlin
O’Birne, Eagle Island, E., and Arran Island, N.—also reported
Fieldfares (generally in flocks) between the same dates, and
this is the more significant as none were mentioned that year
for any other date, on the line of coast from Innishtrahull to
Tearaght. It is not stated whether this immigration at Innish-
trahull took place by night or day, but none of the birds
observed during this rush are referred to as striking.

In 1888 the largest incursion noted was also at Innishtrahull,
and occurred on the night of November 2; none were killed at
this station, but during the same and the next two nights,
Fieldfares were killed striking at Mew Island (November 2
and 3), Blackrock, Mayo (November 2), Arran Island, 8.

=

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 27

(November 4), Tuskar (November 4), and Arklow §. Light-
ship (November 2), followed by one at Tearaght (November 6).
Legs and wings were sent from Tearaght and Mew Island,
and were the only specimens received during the year.

In 1891 a similar immigration at about the same time of
year is yet more strongly attested. Numbers were reported
striking the lantern at Innishtrahull on the night of October 28
(one having struck the previous night at Maidens 5.); a few
were next noted striking at Rockabill (November 1), while

_ some were seen the same day at Drogheda North; and on the

night of November 4 the main movement set in, when “20
Thrushes and Fieldfares” were disabled striking at Tory Island,
and Fieldfares were killed at Mew Island, Rockabill, and
Arklow S. Light-ship; on the 5th, more were killed at Mew
Island; on the 6th, a dozen are reported killed striking at
Fastnet; and on the 7th, three were killed at Hook Tower, one
at Tearaght, some at Fastnet, and one at Arklow S. Light-ship.

_ Five specimens (from four stations) were sent in corroboration

of this rush, and no others were received until the end of
January.

On November 19, 1892, again at Innishtrahull, “an enormous
number of Fieldfares” are reported “striking all night; forty-six
killed;” similar rushes, but comprising other birds along with
the Fieldfare, occurred on the previous night (November 18)

at Tory Island and Rockabill; and for three nights after the

19th, Fieldfares continued te strike at Innishtrahull, while one
was received (killed November 22) from the Maidens. In this
migration, as in 1886, the light-keeper stated that the birds

_ “all came from the N., going S.”

In the above instances the Fieldfare seems to have reached

Ireland directly from the north, but it is probable that it follows

.

:

a different route to the south-east coast occasionally. The
dates on which specimens have been received from the Tuskar

_ and Blackwater Bank stations (which furnish no fewer than 15)

)
‘
“
;

seldom synchronise with rushes chronicled in the north; and
there are comparatively few records of the birds being observed
in large numbers. Two-thirds of all the specimens forwarded,
however, come from stations S. of lat. 53°, which seems to show
that it is on this part of the coast that Fieldfares most
frequently strike the light. As in the case of the Redwing,

’

Fieldfare.

Fieldfare.

28 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

it appears that the southern immigrants dre on the whole some-

- what later than the northern, for of 16 specimens received from

stations N. of lat. 53°, 8 were killed before November 10, and
8 after, while of 25 received from stations S. of that latitude,
10 were killed before November 10, and 15 after.?

The earliest date on which a Fieldfare has been received
from a light-station in autumn is October 16 (Tory Island, Co.
Donegal); the latest on autumnal migration is January 30
(Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Co. Wexford). The whole
number, from October 16 to January 30, is 41.

The number with satisfactory data in the spring is only two;
earliest, April 20 (Mew Island); latest, April 29 (Arklow S.
Light-ship).

The following table shows that the principal autumnal in-
cursion takes place in the first ten days of November :—

Periods. Specimens Periods. peemens
October 1-10, . pepeics4* December 1-10, . : 4

f Leone) boyiads ig 11-36, «Nhe AR

re FSi late aa (38 +. = 23
November 1-10, . rebates January 1-10, .

“ T1200) ce tod go eee 11-90; aaa

£ 6 aia mae a 91-31, s.r

The numbers for each month are—October, 5; November, 25;
December, 10; January, 1—total, 41.

A few are reported striking in February and March, but no
specimen has been received. “ Fieldfares,” said to have been
observed after April and before October, were probably Missel-
Thrushes.

Fifteen are from light-ships, 28 from islands, and 3 from the
mainland.

In the case of the Fieldfare, one cannot fairly argue, from the
coast-distribution of the specimens killed striking, where and
when most of the birds arrived, because it is evident from the
observations above given that great numbers arrive on our north
coasts, and yet the number of specimens forwarded (four) is
insignificant. In most species they confirm the records, but in
the Fieldfare this is not so.

1 A specimen, shot at a south coast station in December, is omitted from this
comparison.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 29

The fact that neither the Fieldfare nor the Redwing has in
more than two or three instances been forwarded in spring,
corroborates the conclusion arrived at from a different class of
data respecting the Thrush, viz., that departing birds are seldom
observed at light-stations. The data regarding the Thrush
show this to be the case by day; those regarding the Field-
fare and Redwing show that it is equally so by night.

The measurements of 33 wings obtained on autumnal
migration gives a totally different result from those of the
Thrush and Redwing.

17 earliest (Oct. 16 to Nov. 10) average in length, 5°725 in.
16 latest (Nov. 13 to Jan. 30) is “i 5°800 ,,

Possibly this may indicate that the males precede the
females. (See Sharpe’s “Handbook of British Birds,” in which
the measurement of the female Fieldfare’s wing is given as
exceeding that of the male’s.) In any case, it is a departure
from what seems to be the general rule, and needs explanation.

Average length of wing, 5°75; longest, 6-125; shortest, 5-425;
difference between extremes, 0°70; percentage of variation, 12.

BLACKBIRD (Zurdus merula, Linn.).

Both geographically and chronologically the Blackbird’s
maximum immigration takes place within the same limits as
that of the Thrush, for of 148 specimens received, 103 were
obtained in October and November, and 90 between 52° and
53° 10’ N. lat. The earliest autumnal occurrences have been
on October 2 (Mine Head, Co. Waterford, and Rockabill,
Co. Dublin), the latest on January 10 (Blackwater Bank
Light-ship, Co. Wexford). There is a renewed migration in
spring somewhat later than that of the Thrush; earliest,
February 5 (Tuskar Rock, Co. Wexford); latest, April 6
(Blackwater Bank Light-ship). 120 specimens were received
during the autumnal, and 24 during the vernal, period; 2
struck in summer (both at Wexford stations, July 16 and
August 15) and 2 are without data—total, 148.

In point of time, the autumnal migration is more condensed
than the Thrush’s, since more Blackbirds than Thrushes are
forwarded in October and November, and more Thrushes than
Blackbirds during the rest of the year, Subjoined are the

Fieldfare.

Blackbird.

Blackbird.

30 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

comparative numbers for each month, taking, in this case, only
separately dated specimens.!

Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
Blackbird, 2° 9 ° 9 Sy. kL oe ee
Thrush, 42 O17 70 48R, 81 LO eed gaan

The period of densest migration for the Blackbird extends
from October 15 to November 15, when 58 separately dated
specimens were killed, against 25 during the remaining thirty
days of October and November. If we take the whole number
of specimens received (148), 75 were killed between October 15
and November 15, so that either way this interval produces
more than 50 per cent. of the Blackbirds received during the
entire year.

The following is the distribution of the specimens in the
shorter periods already adopted for Thrush and Fieldfare.
The sexes are distinguished as far as is practicable, but some of
the so-called females are probably immature males :—

sab adadcreeg | |

| : Specimens | | Undeterminable |
| BEMBGs. Killed. | és g [Legs only].
October 1-10, . el 10 3 i.
‘. 11-20, . =") 12 Sood 9
ORL Sp ESO RCLOD IOS) Die Mage
November 1-10, . .. only jaa ae) Ah abeeme
cr 11-20, . sr 15 10: ...1 4 1
* 21-30, . “i 10 | 2AM 6
December 1-10, . | 4 | 3 1
it. pelle DOnue | 7 be blithe 3
| ime eaters ees 4 Po 2
January 1-10, . =| 2 eA F 2
| bee 220ee, | ee il
aap Tce meee iy aetna * ete
| February 1-10, . e | i 1 abe
| el, LAZOD a ey | 62 4 2.1
ROTOR oe 3 ree |
| March 1105": 1 il 28
? 12035 oe Lyfe. P Bane 1
dhs jE, ame | 2 Tis PE PSS |
| April lig! Lied lid ey eee eae
. Le oOa nth Ae tao) sea
ites S80 rae aps | me
| IAS il Oe ahhh JI 2

1 When two or more are sent from the same station on the same date, only

one is counted,
2 Two of these, one ¢ and one ?, were found dead during hard frost,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 31

The spring movement does not begin until February, and is
probably at its maximum about the middle of March, whereas
that of the Thrush apparently begins about the middle of
January, and attains its maximum in the first ten days of
February.

In autumn, the adult males are in a minority to the end of
October, numbering only 18 of a total of 50; but throughout
November and December they are equal in numbers to the
female and immature birds together. In the spring movement,
on the other hand, the males seem to predominate during the
first fortnight, while after February 20 only 2 males have been
received to 14 females.

In geographical range, the distribution of the Blackbird’s
occurrences is very similar to that of the Thrush. The light-
keepers’ observations seem to show that the Blackbird is, of
the two, the more numerously observed on the south coast, and
also on the southernmost portion of the west coast from Bull
Rock to Tearaght; but that at nearly every station north of
the Tuskar and Tearaght (which lie practically in the same
latitude, 52° 10’) the occurrences of the Thrush outnumber
those of the Blackbird. To a limited extent the specimens
received bear out this inference, since, if we count as one those
received on the same date from the same station, the south
coast furnishes 28 occurrences of the Blackbird to 20 of the
Thrush, and the east coast. 82 of the Thrush to 79 of the
Blackbird. The annexed table gives the number of observa-
tions, and of specimens from each station.!

1 In estimating geographical range, the total number of specimens available
is 122, In estimating the time of arrival, it was only 120, The explanation is
that specimens have twice been received without data as to when obtained,
though the name of the station was given.

[See Table on neat page.

Blackbird.

Blackbird.

32

|< 185

~ SUMMARY—

MIGRATION

OF BIRDS

TABLE sHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF Turdus merula AROUND THE

No. of Years
in which
Station
reported.

15

—
OW EelonNT on

et

=
(J)
for)

=

1
WOK RON FW WOOD OWr 09

ee |

IeisH CoAST WHEN

on MiéRaTION.

STATION.

No. of separ- | No. of separ-
ately dated ately dated
Observations. | Specimens.

South Coast.
Fastnet,
Old Head, Kinsale,
Spit Bank, : :
Mine Head, : 5 By
Dungarvan, 3 :
Hook Tower,
Coningbeg Light-ship,
Barrels Rock Light-ship, .

East Coast.
Tuskar, :
Lucifer Shoals Light- ship, 2
Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship,
Arklow 8. Light-ship,

23 a »” *
Codling Bank Light-ship, .
Kish Bank Light- at
Howth Baily, :
Rockabill, . ; : ey
Drogheda, N.,

South Rock Light- ship,
Copeland (Mew) Island,
Maidens N., W., and S., 4

North Coast.
Rathlin Island, .
Innishtrahull,
Dunree Head,
Tory Island,

West Coast.

Aranmore, .

Rathlin oy Birne,

Killybegs, .

Oyster Island,

Broadhaven,

Eagle Island, |
Blackrock, Mayo
Blacksod Point, |
Clare Island, ‘ il
Slyne Head, : : |
Arran Island, N., .. nasal
Straw Island,
Arran Island, §.,
Samphire Island, :
Tearaght, . : i-
Valentia,

Skelligs,

Dursey Island,

Bull Rock,

South Coast,
East =
North _,,
West . ,,

28 1
6 =
1 ~
24 6
5 1
28 7
75 10
20 3
387, ° |g ts
189 15
16 y,
89 33
76 i.
60 3
6 4
12 *
10 £4
107 7
15 2
46 2
56 4
685, 79
4
48 2
3
27 1
82 3
9 1
15 .:
6 bec!
2 1
"3 | . i
17 | 1
ere | ane
36 4
17 4
2 aa
16 Mss
4 1
39 3
7 a:
30 FS
12 a
pe
Observations, Specimens.
187 28
685 79
82 3
215 12
“1169 122

Average
No. of
Observations
to each year.

HOR ON OH N
He O S71 09 O00

to

e

IHW KRSODSSBNIGD A
Den Or

wows oH
Ownoa oO

bo
i=)

ook
AAS
on

HO.
On

: NWrWONOr Fr. :
/ <p oeo *

Od«
>| oO

—
Co

1 When two or more are sent from the same station on the same date, only one is counted,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 33

It will be seen at a glance from this Table that there are
few stations from which the Blackbird has not been reported,
- and that specimens have been received from all parts of the
coast. An overwhelming majority, however, are from the east
and south. Wexford, the south-eastern county, yields two-
thirds of the whole number, and the birds which reach the
west coast seem either to have been driven by exceptional stress
of weather, or to be stragglers from among the great mass of
autumnal immigrants ; for during the spring migration (February
to April) none have been received from any stations on the part
of the coast which lies west of Innishtrahull (Co. Donegal) in
the north, and of Coningbeg (Co. Wexford) in the south.

Both in autumn and spring great rushes are sometimes
reported, in which it is usual to find the Blackbird and Thrush
mentioned together. These occurrences are often simultaneous
at a number of stations. For instance, on the nights of October
28 and 29, 1883, there were rushes at Coningbeg Light-ship,
the Tuskar Rock, and Arklow South and North Light-ships ;
again, on November 10 to 14, 1887, a dense rush at the Tuskar
coincided with similar movements observed at the Fastnet,
Coningbeg, and Barrels Rock stations on the south coast,
Arklow South and Howth Baily in the east, and Slyne Head
in the west, while six other stations report a few Blackbirds
for the same night. October 20 to 26, 1889, is marked by
rushes at Coningbeg, Tuskar, Arklow South, Kish Bank, and
Mew Island; November 13 to 15, 1890, by numbers striking
at Hook Tower, Tuskar, Blackwater Bank, and Slyne Head,
with a few at other stations; October 27, 1891, by great
numbers at Hook Tower and Coningbeg Light-ship, with some
at Barrels Rock, Blackwater Bank, and Arklow South Light-
ship, Rockabill, and Innishtrahull; and November 13 to 15,
1893, by a rush at eight stations, chiefly on the east coast, from
Hook Tower in the south to Innishtrahull in the north.

The above instances are all autumnal, and they seem always
to occur along a line in which the Tuskar occupies a more or
less central position. It is otherwise in spring, where the
Tuskar seems oftener than not to form the southern extremity
of the line. Great spring rushes, for example, occurred at the
Tuskar on March 4, 1884, February 13 to 14, 1885, and

February 27 to 28,1886; and the observations which coincide
c

Blackbird.

Blackbird.

SL MIGRATION OF BIRDS

with them elsewhere were made in thewfirst year at Arklow
North Light-ship, in the second at Arklow South and North,
and in the third at Arklow South and Rockabill.

On the date of one of these spring rushes (March 4, 1886),
the light-keeper at the Tuskar reports flocks (Thrushes and
Blackbirds) all day passing to the W., as well as numbers
killed at night; and during the rush of February 1886, at the
same station, the birds are recorded as “ passing N.W. at night.”
There is not, therefore, any reason to set them down as emigrants.
In fact, the light-keepers’ observations as to the direction of the
Blackbird’s flight bring out the same conclusion as was drawn
in the case of the Thrush :—

| | Landward. | Seaward.! | Coasting. |

|

| | |
September, . . . | haat ime! = |
October, BG ORAS et 2 2 |
November, . : an 27 4 | 4 |
December, . : | 10 fe | -
January, ’ : : 10 eoheee | 2
February, . : ; 4 3 4
March, Snag 1 |
April. : : . 4

84 11 12

Both in autumn and spring the birds are observed arriving.
Their departure is almost unobserved.

The measurements of 120 wings give the curious result, that
while the shortest winged birds are the latest in spring, they
are the earliest to arrive in autumn.

Of 24 obtained in January, February, March, and April—

12 in January and February average ' , 5125

12 in March and April ; ; 4°925
Of 92 in October, November, and Decemer

45 in October average . : : : 4'975

47 in November and December aver te : 5000

‘On analysis, it is found that this result holds good only of
the birds in female plumage, amongst whom in autumn a
considerable number are probably immature.

1 Four of the eleven seaward flights were recorded at western stations (North
and South Arran).

a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 Be

Of 52 females and young birds—

25 earliest (October 2 to October 26) average : 4°900
27 latest (October 27 to December 24) __,, ; 4925
[And 2 in January, P| 5°175 !]

Taking adult males—
Of 40 measured—
20 earliest (October 2 to November 7) average : 5075
20 latest (November 8 to December 24) _,, : 5062

The above figures afford some grounds for supposing that the
young birds probably precede the adults in autumn, and this
may perhaps explain the similar peculiarity noticed in the case
of the Fieldfare.

Average length of wing, 4:97; longest, 5°55; shortest, 4°73 ;
difference between extremes, 0°82; percentage of variation, 164.
Average length of $ wing, 5:075; longest, 5°55; shortest, 4:80;
difference, 0°75. Average length of 2 wing, 4:900;! longest,
5°28; shortest, 4°73 ; difference, 0°55.

RinG-OvZEL (Turdus torquatus, Linn.).

The Ring-Ouzel’s migration route is peculiar, the lght-
stations at which it occurs being nearly all situated either in
the south, between Tearaght and Tuskar, or in the north-east,
between Mew Island and Innishtrahull. From the northern
stations it has been noted on spring migration only, and seven
specimens received from that part of the coast (chiefly
Innishtrahull) struck the lanterns at dates ranging from
April 14 to May 5. At the southern stations it is observed
both in spring and autumn ; and here, though a large majority
of the reported instances were in spring, seven of the nine
south-coast specimens were forwarded in the autumn.

Isolated occurrences have been reported, in spring, from
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship (east coast) and Blackrock, Mayo
(west); and in autumn, from Rockabill (east) and Killybegs
(west). These birds were not obtained.

The extreme dates on spring migration are—

Earliest observation, March 4, 1887, Skelligs.
Earliest specimen, April 3, 1891, Fastnet.
Latest observation, May 11, 1886, Mine Head.
Latest specimen, May 5, 1896, Innishtrahull.

1 Those marked ? were either females or young males.

Blackbird,

Ring-Ouzel.

Ring-Ouzel.

36 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

On autumn migration— .
Earliest observation, September 5, 1889, Rockabill.
Earliest specimen, September 11, 1896, Tuskar.
Latest observation, December 21, 1890, Tuskar.

Latest specimen, November (? 17), 1897, Tuskar.
For March there are six observations (four from the Skelligs)
but no specimens. For May, one observation and one specimen.
For April, eighteen observations and seven specimens, the
period of maximum immigration being apparently from the
10th to the 20th, as is shown below.
Coast-Distribution.

Periods. Observations. | Specimens.

March 1-10, 4 S.W. and 8.
11-20, *, bp
mn (2leels 2 es S.W. and 8.
April 1-10, ie 1 8.W., S., and 8.E.
» 11-20, 10 6 8.W., S.,S.E., N.E., N., & W. |
aries 0 1 be: N-
May) 1; 1 1 S. and N.
25 8 "

Ss,

The earliest observation at a northern station is April 13
(Innishtrahull), and the earliest specimen April 14 (Mew
Island), from which it appears that the birds are later in
reaching the north than the south coast. Omitting the Mine
Head record of May 11, 1886, as doubtful, the latest spring date
for stations in the south is April 18 (Tearaght and Tuskar).

In autumn there are only seven observations and seven
specimens, and most of the birds, either reported or obtained,
occurred in September, and about half of them at the Tuskar.

The instances in which Ring-Ouzels have been observed by
day are fairly numerous, and are reported chiefly from south-
west stations, as the Tearaght and Skelligs, where it seems not
unusual for solitary birds to rest on their spring journey. On
one occasion a group of six, and on another “a flock,” have been
noted at the Skelligs; but of the remaining observations made
by day (twenty in number), seventeen are of single birds only ;
twice, two are noted, and once three. These small numbers show
that the Ring-Ouzel does not, as a rule, migrate gregariously
like our other Thrushes, though individual birds often arrive at

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 OF

different stations about the same time. In 1887 one was noted
at Skelligs on March 6, and one at Mine Head on March 7;
one killed at Tuskar, September 21, and one caught at Fastnet,
September 22. In 1888, one struck at Tuskar, April 14, and
one at Hook Tower, April 15. In 1889, there were simul-
taneous observations at Tearaght and Skelligs, April 9; and
nearly simultaneous occurrences at Tearaght and Innishtrahull,
April 18 and 19. In 1890, one struck at Innishtrahull, April
13; one was found dead on Mew Island, April 14; and on the
latter date a number were reported round the Tuskar lantern,
four of them being killed. Thus four consecutive spring
migrations furnish illustrations of the same tendency, and it
would seem as if Ring-Ouzels travelled in a thinly dispersed
army, with nearly the same regularity as is shown by birds
which migrate in flocks,

In foggy weather this species sometimes accompanies the
great masses of bewildered birds which are observed round the
lanterns. In April 1891 it is enumerated as part of a dense,
heterogeneous host, which for nine days swarmed “like bees”
round the Tuskar light; and twice in autumn (September 19,
1895, and September 11, 1896) it seems to have similarly
occurred at the same station in mixed rushes; while it has
struck at the Fastnet (October 30, 1897) amidst an assemblage
comprising the Thrush, Redwing, Fieldfare, Blackbird, Chaffinch,
Wheatear, Wren, Goldfinch, and Siskin (the first five species
reported, the last four received). Twice, the Redstart has been
received with the Ring-Ouzel (May and September 1896); the
Whinchat, Willow-Wren, and Chiffchaff have each been once
received with it in spring, and the Black Redstart and Gold-
Crest, once, in autumn.

‘It is remarkable that Zwrdus torquatus has never been
received from a light-ship, and equally so that the same fact
is true of the Redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus), which, as shown
above, is the only bird that has been sent with the Ring-Ouzel
both in spring and autumn.

In winter, birds answering to the description of the present
Species have occasionally been observed at southern stations ;
é.g., at Mine Head, December 8-10, 1885; again at Mine Head,
January 15,1887; and at Hook Tower several times in February
1894.

Ring-Ouzel,

Ring-Ouzel.

Hedge
Sparrow.

Robin.

38 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Average length of wing, 5:46; longest, 5-72; shortest, 512;
difference between extremes, 0°6; percentage of variation, 11.

HEDGE Sparrow (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

In only one instance is the Hedge Sparrow known to have
struck at an Irish light-station, viz., at North Arran Island,
September 12, 1897. The bird was received in flesh.

It is probable that some inter-migration takes place between
Arran and the mainland, and doubts may well be entertained
as to whether the above occurrence indicates more than a mere
local flight of about nine miles.

On the Tearaght Rock, where a few Hedge Sparrows breed,
successive light-keepers have observed that they are more
numerous in winter than in summer, and this, again, seems
evidence rather of partial than of extended migration.

On the other hand, three specimens have been forwarded
from Rathlin O’Birne, of which the first two were shot as
strange birds, October 18 and 21, 1895, and the third was
received without data, October 7, 1896. Rathlin O’Birne
(about two miles from shore) seems an unlikely spot for Hedge
Sparrows to frequent.

Light-keepers have reported this species at the Tuskar
(March, May, and September), Rockabill (March, May, and
October), Maidens (March and October), Blackrock, Mayo
(October), and Skelligs (October). Combined with the occur-
rences at Rathlin O’Birne, these furnish some evidence of
migration, though of an unsatisfactory kind, as errors in
identification are probable.

Of four wings measured, from Rathlin O’Birne, North Arran,
and Tearaght, the lengths of three are identical, 2°70, and that
of the fourth is 2°67. Average, 2°69; percentage of varia-
tion, 33.

Rosin (Erithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Only two specimens of the Robin have been received from
light-stations, one in spring (killed striking at Blackwater Bank
Light-ship, March 13, 1896) and one in autumn (killed striking
at Rockabill, November 1, 1891).

Notwithstanding this remarkable paucity of proved oceur-
rences, there is a sufficient concurrence of testimony from

i fi SS ———

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 39

many stations to lead us to the conclusion that the Robin
annually migrates in some numbers. It has been reported
from four light-ships and twenty islands—the latter including
the Fastnet, Tuskar, Maidens, Blackrock (Mayo), Tearaght,
Skelligs, and Bull Rock—and seems to have struck the lanterns
of five stations on the east coast, two on the north, one on the
west, and two on the south. The instances in which it is said
to have struck (inclusive of the received specimens) number
twenty-two.

During December and January the Robin’s reported occur-
rences have, with one exception,! been from islands which it
possibly frequents for food in winter, as Rathlin, Tory Island,
Aranmore, Arran N. and §8., Samphire, and Tearaght. In
February the only station of a different character at which
it has been observed is the Tuskar, where, however, there are
three records of Robins during this month, the earliest on
February 5, 1897. In March there is evidence of migration on
a larger scale, consisting of three records from light-ships
(Coningbeg, Blackwater Bank, and Arklow N.), one from
Tuskar, several from Rockabill, one from Innishtrahull
(striking), one from Eagle Island, one from Blackrock (Mayo),
and one from Tearaght. [The Blackwater Bank specimen,
as mentioned above, was received.| In April, two occurrences
at light-ships (Blackwater Bank and Arklow N.), and three
instances of Robins striking (Maidens and Innishtrahull), are
noted; while a western light-keeper (Straw Island, Co.
Galway) reports on April 11, 1883, “two Robins passing
island for shore.” The latest spring record of a Robin on
Tearaght bears date April 30; the latest on North Arran,

April 9; and a comparison of the dates of different April

occurrences round the coast, shows that three-fourths of them
were during the first twelve days of that month, after which
we may take it that the maximum spring migration is over.
In May the only notes are from Howth Baily, Rockabill, and
Innishtrahull; at the first of these a bird is said to have struck
on the 26th. June yields no records, and July none from the
east coast, but during this month some are reported as visiting
South Arran, Rathlin O’Birne, and the Bull Rock; at South
Arran four are said to have been “killed” (? striking) at 9 P.M.

1 At Coningbeg Light-ship, December 29, 1890,

Robin.

Robin.

40 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

on July 1, 1883. The earliest evidence 6f autumnal migration
on the east coast is at Rockabill, August 10, 1889; and during
the latter half of August there are records from Barrels Rock
Light-ship, Tuskar (striking), Rockabill, Maidens, and Rathlin
(striking). September yields 17 occurrences and 7 instances
of striking, these last being all in the E. and N.E., from Tuskar
to Innishtrahull. A “great rush of birds” at the Tuskar on
September 21 and 22,1892, is said to have included Robins,
with Thrushes, Larks, “Redwings,” “Chiffchaffs,” Wheatears,
Whitethroats, Wagtails, and Swallows—a strange medley of
summer and winter visitors if rightly identified. Towards the
end of September the Robin begins to be more frequently noted
from western stations—eg., Slyne Head, September 21, 1890,
and Tearaght, September 29, 1890, as if re-seeking his winter
quarters; and on October 8, 1894, the light-keeper on Mew
Island (east coast) reports that “a Robin Redbreast has arrived
here; it comes every year about this time, and roosts in the
same place, under a ladder-shed.” The October occurrences
are but slightly more numerous than those noted in September,
and the cases of striking are four, tliree in the S.H. (Hook
Tower, Tuskar, and Blackwater Bank Light-ship) and one at
the Maidens; three occurrences at the Fastnet, in different
years, are recorded for dates between October 20 and 27,
and amongst other stations at which the bird is reported in
October are Rockabill, Innishtrahull, Tory Island, Blackrock
(Mayo), Arran N., and Skelligs. The November instances,
though fewer, show that migration continues throughout the
month, including, as they do, one killed striking at Rockabill,
November 1, 1891 [received]; “seven killed striking” at the
Fastnet, November 2, 1883; one seen at the Tuskar, November
5, 1886; one at the Skelligs (“first seen” for some years),
November 9, 1885; three passing Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
November 10, 1897; a number at South Arran, November 13,
1887 ; one at North Arran (“first seen this season”), November
20, 1888; and one on deck of. Arklow North Light-ship,
‘November 29, 1885. This is the latest clearly migrational
record, except the bird seen about Coningbeg Light-ship at
the curious date of December 29, 1890.

The period of the Robin’s spring migration thus seems to
extend from February 5 to May 26, and that of its autumn

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 41

migration from August 10 to November 29—periods of 110
and 111 days respectively. In no single year, however, have
the earliest and latest spring occurrences been farther apart
than 80 days (February 24 to May 16, 1890), or the earliest
and latest autumnal occurrences than 65 days (August 29 to
November 2, 1883).

Dividing each month of the spring and autumn migrations
into three periods, the following table gives the number of occur-
~rences for each on the south, east, north, and west coasts

a oar

respectively.
Spring Migration of the Robin.
Periods. iets? Beet, IN W. | Total. | Striking.
February 1-10, 1 ” 1 2
A as egal pial aah 1 2
x S196) 40! oe 1 fypes. fhutedd 1
March 1-10, 2 a 2 4 a,
. 2s ee Styalpcione 1 4 1
a eee oe 1 1] Cig pO sean
April 1-10, & 3 1 1 5 2
11-20, Be bee yc 1 3 1
"s 21-30, es: 1 1 a
May 1-10, vr ‘ 2 +
i 11-20, 1 1 2 o
* 21-31, yee 1 1
Total, i 16 3 8 28 6

Autumn Migration of the Robin.

- Periods. S. E. N. W. | Total. | Striking.
August 1-10, oe eee d, io
Z Anes Pee honk ii ge 2 te
: eat Ps a 2 1 4 2
September 1-10, . 4 1 1 6 3
ng EE ees aaa _ ae ete 1 yi
ee a 5 2 2 | 10 4
October 1-10, o lomels 3 - 3 2
Be ,. 11-90, 2 2 1 3 8 2
21-31, 2 1 1 3 7 uh
November 1-10, 1 3 2 1 7 2
Pe tt 20, ‘Peta iaoleal 2 2 ee
o | 21-80, 1 re 2 itt
: Miltleesietecs boyarbind fe aly. BG 12 | 53°| 15

Robiz.

Robin,

Redstart.

42 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The period of maximum spring migration, according to these
figures, includes the first ten days of April, and probably runs
from about March 12 to April 12. The main period in autumn
covers the last ten days of September, and seems to extend
from September 20 to October 20.

Adding spring and autumn together, we find that of 80
occurrences during the months of regular migration, 41 are
from the east coast, 20 from the west, 11 from the north,
and 8 from the south. The southern occurrences are
mostly in autumn, otherwise the proportions for the two
seasons do not greatly vary on the different parts of the coast.
No case of striking a lantern is reported during either period
from the west. We may therefore take it that the western
islands are reached by an overland route, and that their
visitants are chiefly birds whose home is on the Irish main-
land. It is at any rate clear that. those islands receive an
accession in winter.

Two wings received measure respectively 3°05 and 2:93, the
autumnal example being the longer.

Repstart (Luticilla_ phenicurus, Linn.).

Has been obtained almost annually since 1886, chiefly on
spring migration.

The case of the Redstart presents a marked contrast to that
of the Robin. The latter is so common as to be universally
familiar, yet the specimens received from light-stations number
only two. The Redstart, on the contrary, is so rare that until
1885, when its nest was first found in Ireland, it was accounted
a mere straggler to our shores, yet the light-keepers have within
thirteen years (1886-98) forwarded as many as 17,—four being
from Ulster, nine from Leinster, three from Munster, and one
from Connaught.

Of the 17 occurrences thus -authenticated, 12 were in spring
and 5 in autumn.

There is evidence that the bird has been observed on twelve
other occasions in spring, and in a few instances in autumn;
but as several of the observations were made at stations from
which no specimen has been sent, and others were on dates con-
siderably earlier or later than those of any proved occurrences,
they must be treated as doubtful, Exception may be made,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 43

_ however, in favour of what is evidently the first record of a
- Redstart at an Irish light-station, viz., that embodied in the
“Report” for 1883, p. 8, under “General Remarks of Light-

keepers ” :—-“ Innishtrahull, April 30th. A small bird, with an
orange tail, name unknown, struck, not killed.” The observer
was Mr W. H. James. In 1883, not enough was known of the
Redstart’s visits to justify a conjecture that the strange bird

was Ruticilla phenicurus,; but that it was so may now be con-

sidered beyond doubt, specimens having been sent from the
same station, and within a few days of the same date, in three
different years, on May 5, 1896, April 28, 1897, and April 26,
1898.

One remarkable fact appears on comparing the spring and
autumn migrations.

Twelve specimens received in spring are al/ from stations in
the eastern half of Ireland, which includes Innishtrahull; but
of five received in autumn four are from the western half.

COMMON REDSTART,

$7=Seven specimens forwarded in spring (April 23 to May 11).
A2=Two cr A autumn (September 7 to November 7).

Redstart.

Redstart.

4h MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Seven (ze. more than half) of the spring specimens are from

Rockabill, an island off the Dublin coast, the remainder being |

contributed by Innishtrahull (Co. Donegal), Tuskar (Co. Wex- —
ford), and Dungarvan (Co. Waterford). Both the earliest and

latest are from Rockabill.

Earliest, F ; : : April 23, 1890.
Latest, ‘ J : : May 11, 1894.

Seven were obtained in the last eight days of April, and five ©
in the first eleven days of May. The spring movement thus —

seems to be characterised by more than the average punctuality,
and an observance of definite flight-lines.

The autumnal instances, though only five in number, are —

spread over more than three times as long a period as that in
which the twelve spring occurrences took place.

Earliest, . : September 7, 1895 (Fastnet).
Latest, : : November 7, 1891 (Killybegs).

Three of the five, however, were obtained between September
7th and 13th, raising at least a presumption in favour of the
earlier half of September as the time of principal autumnal
movement. :

At Rockabill, where, if anywhere on the Irish coast, the
species should be well known, light-keepers have reported it as
seen on July 12, 1886, August 26, 1887, and August 26, 1894.
That emigration should begin towards the end of August seems
prima facie probable. .

The November specimen was caught in a swamp, and the

date and circumstances favour the view that it was rather an ~
exhausted straggler from abroad than a bird which had not yet —

set out on its autumnal voyage. The occurrence suggests
comparison with that of the Spotted Flycatcher killed at the
Tuskar in November 1897, and may also be parallel to the cases

i

of the Pied Flycatcher, Lesser Whitethroat, and other “summer —

migrants,” whose autumnal visits to our light-stations have yet
to be satisfactorily explained.
The only specimen received from an east coast station in

autumn was killed striking at the Tuskar, September 11, 1896. —

The most westerly occurrence was at Blackrock (Mayo), where
one was shot, September 13, 1891, the year in which the
November bird was caught at Killybegs, also on the west coast.

3

| ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 45

Seven (possibly 9) of the 12 received in spring, and 3 of Redstart.
‘the 5 obtained in autumn, struck the lanterns, but there

has been no instance of this at a west coast station. Two

of the whole number (17) are known to have been shot;

and 3 were caught, from which it is probable that they were

more or less exhausted.

As already remarked under Ring-Ouzel, this species has never
been received from a light-ship. An interesting case of three
almost simultaneous occurrences took place in 1897, when
one (an adult male) struck at Dungarvan, April 27th ; one at

Innishtrahull, either 27th or 28th; and one at Rockabill on the
28th.

Of nine wings measured, average length is 3:04; longest,

3:12; shortest, 2°97; difference between extremes, 0:15;
percentage of variation, 5.

Buack REDSTART (Luticilla titys, Scopoli).

Like the preceding species, the Black Redstart has been Black
shown by this inquiry to be one of our regular visitants. It Redstart.
was formerly accounted a straggler, though known to be of
more frequent occurrence than Ruticilla phenicurus.

The first observations of this bird reported from light-
stations were in the autumn of 1883, when it was seen at
the Skelligs (October 13), Tearaght (October 27), and Dun-
garvan (November 13), The first specimen was sent from the
Skelligs, November 13, 1884. For five consecutive years
(1884-88) examples were obtained every autumn, the whole
number received during that period being 14, of which 1
occurred in spring. Since 1888, 13 further examples have
been forwarded, 2 in spring, 11 in autumn. The whole
number (to November 30, 1899) is thus 27; 24 in autumn,

3 in spring. The number of instances in which it seems to
have been observed, but was not obtained, exceed 40.

The Black Redstart’s visits are chiefly to our south coast,
inclusive of the southern extremities of the east and west. It
has once been obtained on the E. coast as far north as Rocka-
bill (November 21, 1885), but in that instance it was shot.

_ There is evidence that on the W. coast it has three times been
observed at Blackrock, Mayo, and perhaps once or twice at
_Slyne Head, Co. Galway ; but the northernmost western station

/

Black
Redstart.

46 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

from which a specimen has been received is the Tearaght, Co.
Kerry, to which it is evidently a frequent visitor. It has struck
the lantern in only three counties, Kerry, Cork, and Wexford.

The stations most favoured are apparently the Fastnet (which
has sent 6 specimens), Skelligs (5), and Tuskar (5). The small
strip of coast S. of lat. 52° has furnished 14, while all the rest
of Ireland has only furnished 13, of which 12 were obtained
between 52° and 53°.

Total for 8.1 coast, ; : ; : 11
» 99 E. ” ; = : , 10
sinatt Ne on : : ‘ ; a8
ay ayy Noo hese : : ; , 6

BLACK REDSTART.

A5=Five specimens forwarded in autumn (October 13 to November 21).
§1=One specimen = spring (March 16 to 18).
Of 24 specimens obtained in autumn, 14 occurred in October
and 10 in November.
Earliest, October 13, 1897, Fastnet.
Latest, November 21, 1885, Rockabill.

1The ‘‘S, coast” extends only from Fastnet to Barrels Rock; but if from
Tearaght to Tuskar were its limits, instead of 11 there would be 22 specimens.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 47

The latest date of strikmg is November 16, 1898 (Tuskar), Black
‘but three were shot in 1885 almost simultancously—Skelligs Pedstart.
(November 18), Mine Head (November 18), and Rockabill
(November 21).
The usual period of arrival appears to be the last fortnight
of October, during which 13 specimens have been sent. Of
those obtained in November, 2 were killed or found dead in
the first week, 2 in the second, and 6 in the third.
The earliest reported autumnal example occurred at the
Fastnet, October 1, 1888; but as the Common Redstart was
sent from that station so late as October 5 in 1887, some
uncertainty must be felt as to which species was observed in
1888. The next earliest was one noted at Skelligs, October 3,
1896. The latest reported arrival was at the Tearaght,
November 28, 1885; unless, indeed, four birds seen at the
Skelligs, January 6, 1889, can be set down as recent immigrants.
The three spring specimens were all obtained in the third
week of March. Only two of them were migrating :-—

One at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, March 16, 1899.
One at Coningbeg Light-ship, March 18, 1899.

The paucity of spring occurrences is similar to what has been
observed of other autumnal visitants. The Redwing, Fieldfare,
and Black Redstart are each represented on spring migration by
twospecimens. It is a curious fact that both the Black Redstarts
in spring, like both the Redwings, occurred at light-ships;
whereas in autumn the former species has only once, and the
latter rarely, been received from that kind of station.
To what date the Black Redstart remains in this country is a
question on which the Migration Reports throw little light. A
specimen seems to have been observed at Blackrock (Mayo) on
March 28,1887. One is reported from Fastnet on April 12 of
the same year, but it is impossible to say whether this was an
early occurrence of the Common or a late one of the Black
species. The same remark applies to other “Redstarts” observed
in the first half of April. So-called “ Black Redstarts” noted
in May and July may safely be referred to R. phaenicurus ; and
the latter seems the more likely of the two to have been seen
at Tearaght, April 27, 1888.
The present species has once struck in company with the

Black

Redstart.

48 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Red-breasted Flycatcher (Arklow 8. light-ship, October 23,
1887), once with the Ring-Ouzel and Gold-Crest (Tuskar,
November 1897), and once with the Thrush, Fieldfare, Black-

bird, Lark, and Jack Snipe (Tuskar, November 10, 1898). It |

probably often migrates in small parties of its own kind, since
groups of 5, 10, and 20 have been noted from Tearaght and
Skelligs, and occurrences of 2 together are frequent. Instances
of simultaneous occurrence at different stations are not rare;
the most noteworthy case of this happened on October 19
and 20, 1887, when it was observed—for the first time that
autumn—at four different island-stations :—Fastnet, 1 caught
roosting, October 19 [received]; Skelligs, 1 shot, October 20
[received]; Tearaght, 10 noted, October 20, 1 shot [received];
and Slyne Head, a bird probably of this species reported, also
on October 20.

Females and young evidently form a large majority of the
migrants, and only once has an old male been forwarded
(Rockabill, November 21, 1885).

It would appear that this bird more frequently dies from
exhaustion than from striking the lantern. The data as to how
27 specimens were procured are as follows :—

Shot,

Killed or saul penis
Died from exhaustion,
Caught exhausted,

Found dead (on island-rocks),
Caught roosting,

Caught in house,

| ead
~I ae WwW hoc .

The data as to 15 Common Redstarts considerably differ :—

Shot,

Killed or Bee qe

Caught in out-house,

Netted,

Caught exh: Heaeeal in a sw ap (Nov SBA

=| om
or HS Ke OC bd

Of 22 wings measured, 13 were obtained in October, and
average 3°34 (nearly), while 7 obtained in November average
3°30. The 2 obtained on spring migration both measure 3°30

ee

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 49

exactly. The shortest wing exceeds the longest of the Common
Redstart by -05.

Average length of wing, 3°32; longest, 3°55; shortest, 3:17;
difference between extremes, 0°37; percentage of variation, 11}.

STONECHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.).

The Stonechat is very seldom correctly named by light-
keepers, who usually term the Wheatear, and sometimes the
Whinchat, “Stonechat”; while the Stonechat has in most
cases, when forwarded, been sent as either an “unknown bird”
or a“ Blackcap.” The latter name is unfortunately also applied
to at least three other species—the Reed Bunting, Great Tit-
mouse, and Sylvia atricapilla.

From specimens forwarded, it appears that in spring the
Stonechat has struck at the Tuskar, Blackwater Bank Light-
ship, Arklow North Light-ship, Kish Bank Light-ship, South
Rock Light-ship, and Innishtrahull.

Earliest, February 17, 1899, Arklow North Light-ship.
Latest, April 4, 1896, Innishtrahull.

Nine examples have been obtained from the above six stations,
all on the east and north coasts. Three struck in February,
five in March, and one in April. Seven of the nine occurred
between February 17 and March 18, a period of thirty days,
which may be taken as the month of maximum spring
migration. It is remarkable that as many as seven are from
light-ships.

Only two have been obtained on autumn migration, both
from the south coast :—

Earliest, . October 20, 1887, Fastnet.
Latest, November 7, 1891, Hook Tower.

All the above (except three found dead) were killed striking.

Nine specimens (shot or trapped) have been sent in winter,
and the fact that one of these was shot at Innishtrahull,
January 10, 1892, during very severe weather, while five were
caught in a “crib” the same day at Killybegs (both stations
in Donegal), possibly indicates that some local movement had
taken place.

There is no evidence as to the direction of flight. It seems
d

Black
Redstart,

Stonechat,

Stonechat.

Whinchat.

50 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

probable that the spring-killed examples Were immigrants, since
the species is more numerous in summer than in winter. For
the same reason, it is natural to suppose that the two autumnal
specimens were emigrants, though the fact of a departing bird
striking at a land-station is not easily explained.

Several reported “Whinchats” probably belong to this
species—e.g., at Innishtrahull, April 16, 1888; Blackrock
(Mayo), February 15, 1889; and Codling Bank Light-ship,
April 18, 1895; but unverified observations of either of these
birds possess very little value.

Average length of wing, 2°64; longest, 2°72; shortest, 2°57;
difference between extremes, 0°15 ; percentage of variation, 53.

Wuincnat (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Except on migration, the Whinchat is almost unknown
throughout the southern half of Ireland, while breeding locally
in most of the northern counties; but of 15 specimens (spring,
12; autumnal, 3) received from light-stations, 11 are from the
southern, and 4 from the northern half of the coast.

Earliest in spring, . . April 29, 1897,

Latest Bs ~ «May 95. 1egu
both at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Co. Wexford. With the
exception of these two, all the spring examples were killed in
the first half of May. Divided into weeks, the spring records
are,—

April (last week), . : ‘abu
May (first | nae : -
Sy RSCCOMG, eS 8 : EP:

i Ginrd & By bor) : ae

= (Gourth; ,,. 9; « ; 209 2

Total spring, ale

The stations whence the above were received are,—
West Coast (South Arran and Tearaght),
South Coast (Coningbeg Light-ship),
East Coast (Tuskar, Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Arklow S.
Light-ship, and Rockabill).
The northernmost occurrence in spring was at Rockabill,
where three were killed striking, May 4, 1889; and the northern-
most occurrence on the West Coast took place almost simul-
taneously (May 2, 1889) at the south island of Arran. Next

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 51

to these two, the most northerly instance in spring was at
Arklow South Light-ship, also on May 4, 1889.

WHINCHAT.

$1 One specimen forwarded in spring (April 29 to May 25).
1 = * Ac re autumn (September 4 to November 9).

The autumnal occurrences, only three in number, were at
Tuskar, Blackwater Bank Light-ship, and Mew Island. This
last, off the Down coast, is the northernmost light-station from
which the bird has been received, and the date, like that of the
three most northerly instances in spring, is 1889.

Earliest autumnal specimen, received September 4, 1889, Mew Island.
Latest ss i killed striking, November 9, 1890,
Blackwater Bank Light-ship.

This last was clearly exceptional, happening in a rush of
birds in which a Sedge Warbler and Whitethroat were also
killed. Two of the three Whinchats killed in autumn were
received during the first half of September; and inasmuch as
it is unusual to find either the Whitethroat or Sedge Warbler
in Ireland so late as October, it is scarcely credible that the

sand any

Whinchat.

= aniaAlsS

Whinchat.

52 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

three birds killed together at Blackwater*Bank on November 9,
1890, had remained in the country to that date.

The number of normal autumnal occurrences is thus reduced
to two,—a further illustration of the fact already sufficiently
manifest in the cases of the Spotted Flycatcher, Redwing,
Fieldfare, Common and Black Redstarts, and Stonechat, that
few birds strike at the season of departure.

No Whinchat has been received from a mainland station.
Six of the specimens are from light-ships, nine from islands.
With few exceptions, they had struck the light.

Killed striking, . 11
Found dead (on eee ship) 1
Shot, : 2
Without data, 1

—_
Or

‘Total spring and autumn,

As to observed occurrences, there is little to be said except
that a few of them are not improbable. The first “ Whinchat”
mentioned from a lght-station (Tuskar, May 25, 1885)—
though at the time provisionally placed under Stonechat—may
have been on named. A “Stonechat” seen at the
Fastnet, May 22, 1891, was possibly a Whinchat; and Whin-
chats have several times been noted from Rockabill in May,
when they are more likely to occur on migration than Stone-
chats or Wheatears. On September 19, 1895, Whinchats are
mentioned amongst “very large flocks” of birds striking at
the Tuskar during a N.E. wind and mist—Warblers, Wagtails,
and Ring-Ouzels being also included; and while the only
specimen sent on that occasion was a Yellow Wagtail, there is
some probability that the Whinchat was really amongst the
number.

That this bird migrates in rather mixed company is shown
by the large number of other species which have been received
with it. On six occasions, its associates, killed striking, have
been as follows :—

Jl. (Tuskar, May 9, 1888): Wheatear, Sedge Warbler, and Grass-
hopper Warbler.
(Arklow 8. Lt.-ship, May 4, 1889): Sedge Warbler, Whitethroat,
and Willow Wren.
3. (Rockabill, May 4, 1889): Sedge Warbler, Whitethroat, Willow
Wren, House-Martin, and Cuckoo,

bo

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 53

4. (Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, Nov. 9, 1891): Sedge Warbler and
Whitethroat.

5. (Tuskar, Sept. 11, 1896): Ring-Ouzel, Redstart, and Chiffchaff.

6. (Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, May 11, 1899): Sedge Warbler,
Whitethroat, and Garden Warbler.

Here we have 11 species, all summer visitants, and the
Yellow Wagtail above-mentioned possibly makes a twelfth. It
is very remarkable that no winter visitant, “ partial migrant,” or
bird of double passage within the British area, has struck in
company with the Whinchat; and that, even on the unusual
date of November 9, its associates should have been the same
birds (Sedge Warbler and Whitethroat) which most commonly
accompany it in spring.

The shortest Whinchat’s wing received exceeds the longest
Stonechat’s by 0°125 inch. Im all the specimens examined,
the distinction given in “Saunders’s Illustrated Manual” (pp. 28
and 30) holds good, the third primary being longest in the
Whinchat, the fourth in the Stonechat. The legs of the
two species are distinguishable by a comparison of the small
feathers on the tibia, these in the Whinchat’s case being dull
white, and in the Stonechat’s fuscous brown.

Average length of wing, 2°98; longest, 3:10; shortest, 2°85 ;
difference between extremes, 0°25; percentage of variation, 84.

WHEATEAR (Saxicola wnanthe, Linn.).

The date of the earliest observed Wheatear has varied in
different years from the 1st of March in 1884 to the 21st of
that month in 1896, or perhaps to the 31st in 1883 ;! but the
first arrival is generally reported between March 8 and 18.
The birds are observed passing throughout the whole of April,
and in most years some have been reported in May, the latest
spring date recorded being May 26 (Tearaght, 1883, and Tuskar,
1884), unless we include a bird said to have struck at Innish-
trahull at the remarkable date of June 11,1894. The spring
migration has thus in some years extended over more than
twelve weeks; but it may be doubted whether any of the

1 There is a record, dated March 1, 1883, from Clare Island, Co. Mayo, to
which some importance has been attached, in view of the meteorological condi-
tions then prevailing (see ‘‘ Digest of Migration Reports,” British Association,

Liverpool Meeting, 1896, p. 24); but the observation is isolated and uncor-
roborated, the next entry being thirty days later.

Whinchat.

Wheatear,

Wheatear.

54 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Wheatears arriving after the third week of April remain to
breed in Ireland, since these are probably en route for a more
northerly summer habitat.

Slight autumnal movements have been noticed as early as
July 19 (Samphire Island, 1896), and single birds have several
times been reported passing light-ships and rocks between the
28th and 31st of that month. From about August 10 to the
last week of September, migration seems to be fairly continuous,
but, as in other cases, comparatively few specimens are sent at
the season of departure. There is evidence that the Wheatear
occasionally strikes up to the end of October, and in three
instances it is said to have been observed between the Ist and
5th of November (at Tearaght, Skelligs, and Innishtrahull); but
a record from the Tuskar, dated December 23, 1889, is too im-
probable to be accepted, the specimen not having been secured.

The extreme dates on which specimens have been obtained
are,—

Earliest, March 15, 1887, Tuskar.
Latest, May 9, 1888, Tuskar.

Earliest, August 5, 1899, Codling Bank Light-ship.
Latest, October 31, 1897, Fastnet.

Spring
Autumn

The whole number of specimens forwarded amounts to 88,
of which 71 were obtained in spring and 17 in autumn,
omitting one found dead, but not freshly killed, on Tearaght,
July 29, 1890. March has furnished 14 specimens; April, 55;
May, 2; August, 8; September, 6; and October, 3.

Dividing each month of migration into three periods, the
number of specimens and of reported occurrences for each
ten days are as follows :—

Spring.
Periods. cieporieey Specimens.

March 1-10, : ; : t =f

i 11-20, ¥ fyi, . 28 5

" 21-31, ATMs 9
April 1-10, : ‘ # »62 34

if 11-20, ; apts: 13

- 21-30, 2) ue 8
May 1-10, : ; BaD 7 2

is 11-20, 3 nil 09

if 21-31, 4

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 55
Autumn.
Periods. ghenotes. Specimens.
July 1-10, ; : ay 77 Onde
- 11-20, oft
m 21-31, : te ee
August 1-10, : : ; 7 2
G 11-20, | ig 2
: 21-31, mag 4
September 1-10, ‘ anri LG 2
Sy fi120, : weeny: 2
eg Sith ' De 2
October 1-10, : : ; 8 pi
ep aay ; abe3g WE
ints Bi, tag 2
November 1-10, 3
gles np bil: 20,
mAh SH),
LEZ 17

From the above figures it may be concluded that the spring
migration is at its maximum in the first ten days of April.
There is no equally marked maximum period in autumn, the
specimens being too few; but from the light-keepers’ observa-
tions it would appear probable that the latter half of September
is the time of most movement.

As might be expected, the observations relating to this species
range round the whole coast, as the Wheatear breeds on many
of the western islands and in the vicinity of most of the light-
stations; but an overwhelming majority of the specimens
(83 per cent. of the whole number) have been sent from the
east coast, the proportions being,—

Observed Speci
Occurrences, Pecimens
South Coast, . . , shi. 70 6
East ty 3 : ‘ . 161 74
North ,, : F : . 66 4
West i=»; ‘ : ‘ re 4
375 88

The number of light-ships on the east coast may in part
account for the large number of specimens which it yields,
for the Wheatear, like the Thrush, seems to strike most
numerously at floating stations. Fifty-six of the examples

forwarded are from light-ships, 29 from islands, and 3 from

the mainland. Arklow South Light-ship has the highest

Wheatear.

56 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

record of all our stations, furnishing 28 specimens, while its
neighbour light-ship, Blackwater Bank, comes second with 16.
In observations, however, Tuskar stands first, reporting more
occurrences than Blackwater Bank and Arklow South Light-
ship together, while Innishtrahull approaches it pretty closely,
the observations from these two stations being respectively 57
and 53, though Tuskar has sent only 10 specimens and Innish-
trahull only 4.

At the western stations there are remarkably few references
to the birds striking, and this is especially the case north of
Tearaght—z.e., on the line of coast from Samphire Island to
Aranmore. At these stations it is probable that most of the
observations relate to birds which breed in the vicinity, and
have arrived by an overland flight, when they are less likely
to strike the lanterns. In a few instances, however, Wheatears
have been noted striking at Aranmore, South Arran, and Black-
rock (Mayo). For spring there are three such records, of which
one was at Aranmore, dated May 12, 1887, and another at
South Arran in 1889, when the birds were noted on several
nights (between April 26 and May 1). as if passing in con-
siderable numbers; and one specimen, killed striking April 28,
was received. The third was at Blackrock (Mayo), also on
April 28, 1889. It will be observed that these are late spring
occurrences. In autumn there are also two instances of
striking, one at Blackrock (Mayo), August 16, 1891, and one
at Aranmore, September 8, 1885. These both belong to the
earlier half of the autumnal migration period.

It appears unlikely that any Ivish-breeding Wheatears would
be seeking their summer homes at so late a date as April 28,
to say nothing of May 12. On several of the western islands
light-keepers have from time to time noted the date on which
this bird “arrives to build.” From Aranmore there are six
such records, and they range in date from March 18 to April 3.
From Slyne Head there are also six, ranging from March 17
to April 1. These afford evidence enough to show that the
Wheatear is not much later in its arrival on the west coast of
Ireland than elsewhere in the British Isles. This being so, it
would seem to follow that the birds striking our west coast
lanterns at the end of April are passing northward beyond
the British area. The return of such birds might be expected

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 57

at an early date in autumn, and the two autumnal west coast
specimens are in accordance with such expectation.

The foregoing remarks are not intended to convey that the
west coast constitutes a special route for the more northerly
voyagers, for equally late movements are noted on other parts
of the sea-board, and probably belong to the same migration.
The distinguishing feature of the western stations appears to
be that the Ivish-breeding birds do noé strike there, while the
lanterns of the east are struck, we may presume, both by the
Irish and by the more northward-bound migrants.

The records from Innishtrahull are interesting by reason of
its position as the northernmost Irish light-station, combined
with the curious fact that Wheatears are reported to have
struck the light there in each of the nine months from March
to November. Thirty-five cases of striking are reported from
this station, while only 29 are noted from Tuskar, the station
which yields the largest total number of migrational occur-
rences. The dates of a few Innishtrahull records (November
5, 1883; June 11, 1894; and July 20, 1894) are prima
facie somewhat improbable; but having regard to the general
tenor of the evidence, and the station’s geographical position,
the conclusion seems to be warranted that this island is a
main point of arrival and departure for birds migrating
between Ireland and some more northern region, not neces-
sarily farther away than the Outer Hebrides. An analysis
of the Innishtrahull and Tuskar records (of striking birds only)
yields an interesting contrast in two particulars.

(1) In spring, Tuskar has more records than Innishtrahull ;
in autumn, Innishtrahull has more than Tuskar—

Tuskar. Innishtrahull.
Spring, . , i 22 19
Autumn, , . : 7 16
In fact, the spring records at Tuskar treble the autumnal,
while at Innishtrahull the two seasons almost balance one
another.

(2) In spring, most of the Tuskar birds strike before April
10; most of the Innishtrahull birds, after :—

Tuskar. Innishtrahull.

Before April 10, } i 17 5
After April 10, ‘ F 5 14

.

Wheatear.

Wheatear.

58 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

In both the above points, the obseryations from Tuskar are
representative of those from Ireland generally, while Innish-
trahull witnesses proportionally more of the late spring migra-
tion, and receives a larger number of birds from over sea in
autumn.

Most years have furnished instances of nearly simultaneous
arrival at different parts of the coast, the more remarkable
having been in 1883, 1885, 1888, 1891, and 1897. In 1883,
five western and south-western stations—Aranmore, Rathlin
O’Birne, Slyne Head, Straw Island, and Galley Head—reported
the first Wheatears between March 31 and April 5. In 1885,
Tearaght, Fastnet, and Tuskar reported the bird’s arrival between
March 14 and 16. In 1888 it was noted between March 29
and April 1 at Mine Head, Coningbeg Light-ship, Tuskar,
Blackrock (Mayo), and Slyne Head. In 1891 Tuskar reported
Wheatears in extraordinary numbers from April 1 to 9, and
between those dates they were also noted arriving or striking
at seven other stations, of which four east coast light-ships
(Lucifer Shoals, Blackwater Bank, Arklow South, and South
Rock), with Howth Baily and Innishtrahull light-houses, were
struck between the nichts of the 5th and 7th. Again, in 1897,
the nights of March 28 to 30 are marked by Wheatears striking
the lanterns at Tuskar, Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Rockabill,
and Innishtrahull. Of the small group of northern stations,
Innishtrahull and Rathlin have twice announced the arrival
of the Wheatear simultaneously (April 28, 1883, and April
13, 1885); and in 1892 it was reported from Innishtrahull
and Tory Island, the two northernmost light-houses, on April
8 and 9. These co-incident arrivals are not only interesting in
themselves, but useful as corroborating the light-keepers’ testi-
mony in those instances where specimens are not forwarded.

Since the Wheatear is one of the most numerous of our
summer migrants, and has also a remarkably extended migra-
tion period, it is not surprising that it should have struck, at
different times, in the company of a great number of different
species. Those which have been killed and forwarded with it
are :—

In March—Blackbird, Black Redstart, Starling, Curlew.

In April—Willow Wren, Chiffchaff, Gold-Crest, Lark, Swallow,

Sand-Martin, Brambling.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 59

In May—Whinchat, Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler.

In August—Sedge Warbler, Willow Wren.

In September—Whitethroat, Willow Wren, Chiffchaff, Pied Wagtail,
Titlark, Skylark, Quail.

In October—Ring-Ouzel, Wren, Goldfinch, Siskin.

The birds reported along with it also include the Thrush, Red-
wing, Fieldfare, Robin, Redstart, and Chaffinch, besides several
others which are very unlikely to have been correctly identified.

Great rushes, inclusive of the Wheatear, have been reported
both in spring and in autumn, such occurrences in spring being
apparently limited to the east coast of Wexford (represented by
the Tuskar, Blackwater Bank, and Arklow South Light-ship);
while in autumn the stations from which they have been noted
are the Fastnet and Tuskar. The most remarkable spring rush
occurred at the last-named station, April 1 to 9,1891. “After
over twenty years’ service,” says the light-keeper (Mr John
Hamilton), “I never saw so many birds collected together ;
they resembled a swarm of bees more than anything else, they
were in such numbers. We could not open the balcony door,
as they could not be kept from getting into the lantern.” Six
species of birds—Thrush, Redwing, Blackbird, Ring-Ouzel,
Wheatear, and Starling—are mentioned as having been caught
and identified, but it is stated that the present species was the
most numerous. Legs and wings of a Wheatear, Chiffchaff,
Lark, and Brambling were received. Equally curious are some
of the autumnal medleys; eg., at Tuskar, September 22, 1892,
when the birds forwarded were the Wheatear, Whitethroat,
Chiffchaff, Pied Wagtail, Meadow Pipit, Lark, and Quail (and
Redwings and Robins were reported); and at Fastnet, October
30, 1897, when, together with the present species, a Ring-
Ouzel, two Wrens, a Goldfinch, and two Siskins were sent, and
innumerable Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds, and Chaffinches
are said to have struck and fallen into the sea.

Of 81 wings measured, 64 were obtained in spring, and
average 3°76, which is very slightly more than the measurement
given in “Saunders’s Manual” (3°75) for the wing of the male
bird; but the 17 obtained in autumn average 3°87. So
decided a difference strengthens the presumption that the birds
which strike in autumn are largely composed of individuals
breeding farther north, while of those striking in spring, only

Wheatear.

Wheatear.

Sedge
Warbler.

60 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

a small percentage have their breeding-homes elsewhere than
in Ireland.

In spring, the earlier wings have a greater average length
than the later—

30 before April 7 average 3°79.
30 after April 7 a alo

In autumn the reverse is the case—

8 in July and August average 3'784.
9 in September and October average 3°950.

The spring figures, being based on a larger number of speci-
mens, are more satisfactory than the autumnal ones, and it is
noteworthy that of the five longest wings obtained in spring, four
were received Jate (April 17 to May 8), notwithstanding which
fact the average length of the later wings is less than that of
the earlier. There is, therefore, nothing in the above figures
inconsistent with the view that the longest-winged birds are
journeying farther north than Ireland, and that these arrive
somewhat later than most of the Irish-breeding Wheatears.
It is also remarkable that none of the five longest wings above
referred to occurred: on the Wexford coast, from which two-
thirds of the whole number of specimens have been received.
On the other hand, of the seven shortest wings obtained at the
same season, five are from Wexford stations, and the whole
seven are from the Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford sea-board.

The wings from the west and south-west (Mayo, Galway,
Kerry, and western Cork) yield, as a group, peculiarly large
measurements. Only seven have been received from that part
of the coast, and their average length is 3-932, which is nearly
‘15 more than the average for the species. This is not due to
their being principally received in autumn, for three in spring
average 3°89, which is 13 in excess of the average spring
measurement, and four in autumn average 3°96, which is ‘09
in excess of the average autumnal measurement.

Average length of wing, 3°78; longest, 4:15; shortest, 3°52 ;
difference between extremes, 0°62; percentage of variation, 16}.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechstein).
Of all our summer visitants, the Sedge Warbler is the bird
which strikes most numerously at Irish light-stations, the next

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 61

commonest being the Whitethroat, Wheatear, and Willow
Wren. A table showing the number of specimens received of
each of these four species, and of the Chiffchaff, at each of the
two seasons of migration, is annexed :—

Spring. Autumn. Total.
Wheatear, . , poe, 18 89
Sedge Warbler, . . 87 55 142
Whitethroat, : - 87 a2 109
Willow Wren, f Rae 2) 17 82
Chiffchaff, . > MATT 5 22

From this we may fairly conclude that the total numbers in
column three give a misleading idea of the Sedge Warbler’s
numerical superiority. On spring migration its numbers, if
measured by the specimens, exactly equal those of the White-
throat; but in autumn they nearly equal those of the Wheatear,
Whitethroat, and Willow Wren added together. The Sedge
Warbler is, in fact, an altogether exceptional case of a bird
which strikes the lanterns at its season of departure in
numbers not very far inferior to those noted at time of arrival,
the proportions being about three occurrences in spring to two
in autumn.

The proportions in which the above five birds have been
received in different years are far from constant. Thus, during
the fourteen consecutive years 1886-1899, the species most
numerously received in spring has three times (1889, 1891, and
1894) been the Wheatear; twice (1888 and 1892), the Sedge
Warbler; three times (1886, 1890, and 1899), the Whitethroat ;
and four times (1887, 1896, 1897, and 1898), the Willow Wren;
while in the two remaining years (1893 and 1895) the numbers
for two or more species were equal. In 1890, again, the
Wheatear was the least numerously received of the four pre-
dominant species; whereas in the following year (1891) its
forces exceeded those of the other three added together. The
variable character of these statistics proves the necessity for
the extended series of annual observations before us, and the
caution needed in coming to any positive conclusion from
limited data. The fluctuation is, however, much less marked
in autumn than in spring. The Wheatear has once, the White-
throat once, the Willow Wren once, and the Sedge Warbler seven

Sedge
Warbler.

Sedge

Warbler.

62 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

times, been the most numerously received bird at the season
of departure.

None of the Warblers are distinguished with precision by
the light-keepers, and in dealing with this group of birds the
specimens forwarded are practically the only clue to dates of
arrival or departure.

The following are the extreme dates in the Sedge Warbler’s
case :—

Spring, Earliest specimen, April 24, 1890, Rockabill.
. Latest 3 May 30, 1887, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Autumn, Earliest i July 29, 1894, ! Blackwater Bank
Re Latest 7 November 9, 1890, Light-ship.

Or, discounting as abnormal the November occurrence, we may
take as our latest example of the regular autumnal migration a
bird killed at Tuskar, October 6, 1887.

The above figures show that the spring migration extends
over thirty-seven days, the autumnal over seventy.

Dividing the thirty-seven days of spring migration into three
nearly equal periods, the specimens received in each were as
follows :—

¢ Specimens.
April 24-May 6 (13 days), . . ‘ - re
May 7-18 (12 days), ; : : : 56
May 19-80 (12 days), ' : ; : 20
87

The spring movement is thus clearly at its greatest density
about the 12th of May. Only five specimens were received in
April.

Dividing the seventy days of autumnal migration into five
equal periods (each of fourteen days), we find the maximum
period not less strongly marked.

July 29-August 11,
August 12-25,

August 26- Sere eee 8,>
September 9-22,
September 23- Outuer 6.

~

Saat od
bo bop w oo

Adding the November bird, and two undated specimens,
to the number killed dater than the first fortnight, we obtain

} Twenty of these in one rush at Tuskar, August 10-11, 1890,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 63

as a net result the fact that 73 per cent. of the Sedge
Warblers received in autumn were killed prior to the 12th of
August, showing a singularly early period of departure for this
species.

The number of specimens contributed by each section of the
coast, in spring and autumn, is as follows :—

Spring. Autumn.
South Coast, . : : ; 21 10
East f 4 Y ; 4 62 45
North _e,, é ; f ; 1
West ss, : : : : 3
87 55

‘The only northern and western stations from which the
Sedge Warbler has been received are Innishtrahull and Killy-
begs (Donegal) and the two Arran Isles (Galway). Each of
these has sent one specimen. We have no autumnal examples
from the north and west, and the four spring birds struck at
rather late dates, between the 17th and 24th of May.

The spring movement does not, however, seem to include the
whole of the south coast, nor the autumnal movement the
whole of the east coast. The following is a synopsis of the
specimens according to counties, subdivided for spring and
autumn :—

Spring. Autumn.
County Cork, a

» Waterford, ‘ ;
» Wexford, = : : 5
» Wicklow,

6 2
2
. : : 2 wei
a robin, . : : ‘ 9 2
5
9
2

46

2 > Down, °.

» Antrim,

» Donegal, : ; F

» Galway, ‘ : : 2

The most northerly occurrence in autumn was at Rockabill,

Co. Dublin; the most southerly in spring at Mine Head,
Co. Waterford. On the other hand, Innishtrahull, the northern-
most Irish station, has sent a specimen in spring, and Fastnet,
the southernmost, has sent several in autumn. In fact, if a
line be drawn from Mine Head to South Arran, it will be
found that all the Sedge Warblers received in spring were
killed on, or to the north-east of that line; whereas if one be
drawn from Fastnet to Rockabill, it will be found that all the

Sedge
Warbler.

Sedge
Warbler.

64 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

autumnal specimens were killed on or to the south-east of that
line. Two lines so drawn will cut one another practically at
right angles, the western angle facing that portion of the coast
from which the present species has not been forwarded either
in spring or autumn, «.¢., West Cork, Kerry, and Clare.

SEDGE WARBLER.

S$ 10=Ten specimens forwarded in spring (April 24 to May 30).
A 1=One specimen a », autumn (July 29 to November 9).

Partial as the Sedge Warbler is at both seasons to the south-
east coast, it is not, like the Wheatear, much given to striking
at light-ships. Only 32 of the specimens have been received
from that kind of station, while 83 are from islands, and 27
from the mainland. This makes it the more remarkable that
the bird has never been received from such stations as the
Tearaght and Skelligs, from which nearly all our common
summer visitants, and many rare stragglers, have been received.

1 Tearaght alone has forwarded the Spotted, Pied, and Red-breasted Fly-
catchers, Whinchat, Wheatear, Whitethroat, Lesser Whitethroat, Blackeap,
Willow Wren, Yellow-browed Warbler, Woodlark, Swallow, Sand-Martin,

Turtle Dove, Land-Rail, and Spotted Crake. Besides many of these, the Golden
Oriole, Ring-Ouzel, and House-Martin have been sent from Skelligs,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 65

Sedge Warblers often strike simultaneously at many points
alone the coast. To note only some instances:—On May 9
and 10, 1886, specimens were forwarded from Mine Head,
Tuskar, and Rockabill; on May 9 and 10, 1888, from Mine
Head, Coningbeg Light-ship, and Tuskar; on May 8-10, 1890,
from Hook Tower, Arklow South and North Light-ships, Mew
Island, and Maidens; on May 23-24, 1892, from Hook Tower,
Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Arklow South and North Light-
ships, Howth Baily, and Maidens; and on May 16-18, 1893,
from Hook Tower, Mew Island, Maidens, and Killybegs. As
the autumnal movement is almost limited to the Wexford
coast, the coincidences are less remarkable. Rushes occurred
at Tuskar and Arklow South Light-ship, August 9-10, 1888;
and at Hook Tower and Tuskar, August 10-11, 1890; while
several were killed at Tuskar and Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
July 29-30, 1895.

The large flocks of “ Warblers,” “Wrens,” “Flycatchers,”
“Titmice,” etc., which are frequently reported as around the
lanterns, appear to be chiefly—though by no means wholly—
composed of this species, with the Whitethroat and Willow
Wren, in proportions varying according to the season.

In all the great spring rushes of the present species it has
been accompanied by the Whitethroat; but in its principal
autumnal rushes, occurring as they do in the earlier part of
August, the Whitethroat is not known to have ever partici-
pated. In September, however, the Whitethroat and Sedge
Warbler are again sometimes found travelling together; and,
as mentioned under Whinchat, they have struck simultaneously
at so late a date as November 9.

Altogether, the Whitethroat has been sent with the Sedge
Warbler 20 times (18 spring occurrences, 2 in autumn); with
the Willow Wren, 12 times (9 spring, 3 autumn); with the
‘Whinchat, 5 times (4 spring, 1 autumn); with the Grasshopper
Warbler, 4 times (8 spring, 1 autumn); with the Blackcap,
twice (1 spring, 1 autumn); with the Wheatear, twice (1
spring, 1 autumn); with the Garden Warbler, Redstart, Wren,
House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Cuckoo, Ringed Plover, and
Snipe, each once in spring; and with the Woodchat Shrike,
Spotted Flycatcher, Chiffchaff, and Corn-Crake, once in
autumn,

¢

Sedge
Warbler.

Sedge
Warbler,

66 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The most interesting peculiarity of, the Sedge Warbler is
perhaps its lability to strike the lanterns in autumn, for in
this particular it is, as already stated, a marked exception to
the general rule.

Of our summer migrants generally it may be said that not
more than 20 per cent. of their occurrences at lanterns are
autumnal. This, at first sight, may appear singular, when it is
borne in mind that the birds themselves, after the season of
reproduction, are probably much more numerous in autumn
than in spring; but three reasons present themselves, either of
which may in part account for the disproportion.

1. Birds can choose their own weather for starting on a
journey, not their weather for arriving. Hence they are less
likely to be bewildered by fogs and storms on the coast they
are quitting than on that towards which they travel.

2. The lights are always visible from the seaward side,
whereas many of them are obscured either wholly or partly on
the landward side.

3. Birds that migrate by night probably start in the
evening, while some light remains. _ The earlier they set
out, the less likely is it that they will strike the lanterns
of the coast they are leaving, since this would only occur
after dark.

Why, then, should the Sedge Warbler so far differ from
the rest that 40 per cent. of the specimens are in its case
autumnal ?

Obviously, the first two reasons suggested above as to why
birds should ot strike when departing applies as well to
the Sedge Warbler as to any other species. But it is not
equally clear that the third does. The creature is notoriously
semi-nocturnal in its habits, its song being often heard at hours
when scarcely a vestige of light remains; and it may be that
the “Trish Nightingale” sets out on its southward journey at a
later hour of the evening than most other migrants. This, if
established, would account for its striking at the season of
departure more numerously than the rest.

‘From the measurements of 102 wings (55 being of birds
killed in spring and 47 in autumn), it appears that at both
seasons the earlier wings have a slight superiority in average
length.

— <s

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 67
In spring—
29 earliest (April 24 to May 10) average ; : 2°56
26 latest (May 11 to 30) BS ; é 2'b3
In autumn—
20 earliest (July 29 to August 10) average. s 2°50
26 latest (August 11 to November 9) ,, : ; 2°48

There is, however, a much greater difference between the
lengths of the spring and autumn wings than between the
earliest and latest at either season.

55 in spring average : ‘ ' ‘ : 2°55
47inautumn ,, : : , : P 2°49

Only four specimens were weighed, and they averaged 161
grains, and varied from 144 to 175 grains, the heaviest being an
autumnal specimen, while the others were obtained in spring.

Average length of wing, 2°51; longest, 2°70; shortest, 2°37;
difference between extremes, 0°32; percentage of variation, 13.

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (Locustella nevia, Boddaert).

Locally distributed in small numbers in Ireland, the Grass-
hopper Warbler is seldom received from the light-stations.
The whole number of specimens forwarded within the past
fourteen years amounts to nine, of which eight were obtained
on spring migration and one in autumn, and all occurred in
different years except two which struck at the Tuskar, April 14,
1898.

Both the earliest and latest examples in spring were killed
at the Tuskar—

Earliest, : i 4 . April 14, 1898,
Latest, f ; : . May 9, 1888;

while the only autumnal specimen struck at Hook Tower,
another Wexford Station, August 10, 1890.

Though styled by Mr Seebohm “one of the last batch of
spring migrants” (“British Birds,” p. 342), the Grasshopper
Warbler does not seem, from the Irish light-station records,
to be a late bird in reaching our shores. Five of the eight
specimens received in spring struck lanterns during the week
ending April 20; and of the seven years in which it has been

Sedge
Warbler.

Grasshopper
Warbler.

Grasshopper
Warbler.

Whitethroat.

68 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

sent at that season, the Grasshopper Warbler has in three been
received before the first Whitethroat, in five before the first
Sedge Warbler, in two with the first Whitethroat, in two with
the first Sedge Warbler, in two after the first Whitethroat, and
in none after the first Sedge Warbler. Since it is incomparably
the scarcest bird of the three, these figures admit of no other
interpretation than that it is also the earliest to arrive.

As with the Sedge Warbler, the Grasshopper Warbler shows
a marked predilection for the Wexford coast, all but two of the
specimens having been sent from either Tuskar Rock or Hook
Tower in that county. Of the two exceptions—both in spring
—one was caught on board Arklow North Light-ship, Co.
Wicklow, and the other killed striking at Mew Island, Co.
Down. The bird’s range on spring migration thus seems rarely
to extend over more than the southern half of the east coast,

-while in autumn it has only been received from the extreme

south of Co. Wexford.

Except the bird caught on Arklow North Light-ship, all the
examples obtained were killed striking lanterns.

The birds which have been received with this species are :—

(In April) Whitethroat, Willow Wren, and Chiffchaff.

(In May) Wheatear, Whinchat, Sedge Warbler, Whitethroat, Willow

Wren, and Cuckoo.
(In August) Sedge Warbler.

The Willow Wren appears to be its most usual fellow-
traveller, having been sent with it four times. This bird has
only once been forwarded alone, and, as in the Whinchat’s
case, all the species which have been received with it are
regular summer visitants to the British area.

Average length of wing, 2'457; longest, 2°600; shortest,
2°375; difference between extremes, 0°225; percentage of
variation, 94,

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechstein).

That the Whitethroat is generally a little earlier than the
Sedge Warbler in making its appearance is shown by the fact
that of twelve years in which specimens of both were received
in spring, the Whitethroat was first in eight, the Sedge Warbler
in three, and the two birds simultaneous in one.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 69

The dates of the earliest and latest Whitethroats received Whitethroat.
have been as follows :—

Earliest in spring, April 5, 1889, Copeland (Mew) Island.
Latest < May 28, 1892, Innishtrahull.

Earliest in autumn, August 12, 1893, Tuskar.

Latest 3 November 9, 1890, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

The November occurrence has already been alluded to in
treating of the Whinchat and Sedge Warbler. The White-
throat is not known to have struck in any other instance at a
later date than September 27, 1888.

This bird shares with the Sedge Warbler the distinction of
being the commonest species at Irish light-stations on spring
migration (see p. 61). At that season 87 specimens of each
have been received, of which, in the Whitethroat’s case, 10
had been obtained in April and 77 in May.

The principal influx of both species is a little before the
middle of May.

In the 16 days from April 5 to April 20, the specimens received were 6

os = April 21 to May 8, y ij 14

45 oy May 9 to May 24, Bs is 64
After May 24, . , ; E " 3
87

Of the 64 obtained in the third of the above periods, at least
38, and probably 40, struck between the 9th and 16th of May,
while about 24 were killed between the 17th and 24th. The
immigration would therefore appear to be at its greatest about
May 12, which was also found to be the date of maximum
spring migration for the Sedge Warbler.

Of the 22 birds obtained on autumn migration, 3 were killed
in August and 17 (at least) in September, a leg and wing
undated were received October 25, 1896, and one struck in
November. August and September thus include practically
the whole period of this migration—

August (first half), . : : : 1 specimen.
- (second half), ; 3 : 2 i
September (first half), . . i sare i

- (second half), : ; , 7 te

20

70 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Whitethroat. The emigratory movement would seem to be at its maximum
a month later than that of the Sedge Warbler, a contrast to
what occurs in spring, when the date of maximum immigration
is the same for both species.

The number of specimens from each section of the coast is as

follows :—
Spring. Autumn.
South Coast, . ’ ; ; 16 9
East 4 : s : 5 65 13
North ©, 2
West .,, 4
87 ep

These figures are very similar to those found for the Sedge
Warbler.

Grouping the specimens according to counties, we find that
the Whitethroat has occurred round practically the whole coast
in spring, but that in autumn, like the Sedge Warbler, it
appears to be almost restricted to Cork, Waterford, and Wex-
ford (particularly the last-named county.)

Spring. Autumn.

County Cork, . 5 3 : 1 2
» Waterford, 6 i
» Wexford, 52 18
i)? (Wicklow, 2
fe Dublin; 11 i
ie, DWI, 5 1
»,” Antrim, 4
» Donegal, 3
5 Galway, 1
jay pektenry; 2

The stations from which this bird has been sent in spring
include the northernmost, southernmost, and westernmost Irish
islands—Innishtrahull, Fastnet, and Tearaght. At Fastnet it
has also struck in the autumn, but the most northerly station
from which it has been received at that season is Mew Island,
Co. Down.

Thirty specimens are from light-ships, 58 from islands, and
21 from the mainland. The proportions differ at different
seasons—

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 71
Spring. Autumn.
Light-ships, . : ; ‘ate 9
Islands, . ; ; ; a, Se ll
Mainland, : : 4 oo 2

This is natural, as it appears primd facie improbable that a
departing bird would strike before leaving the shore.

As evidence of simultaneous migration at different points
along the coast, it may suffice to mention that on the nights of
May 23-25, 1892, specimens were obtained striking at Hook
Tower, Blackwater Bank Light-ship, and Arklow North Light-
ship; on May 14-16, 1893, at Hook Tower, Carlingford, and
Killybegs; on April 28, 1897, at Hook Tower and Blackwater
Bank; and on May 12, 1899, at Blackwater Bank and the
Maidens; while in autumn the night of September 8, 1896,
was similarly marked by Whitethroats striking at Fastnet,
Coningbeg Light-ship, and Arklow South Light-ship.

In April the Whitethroat has been received in company with
the Redstart, Wheatear, Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler,
and Willow Wren; in May, with the Spotted Flycatcher, Whin-
chat, Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler, Garden Warbler,
Willow Wren, House Martin, and Cuckoo; in September, with
the Pied Flycatcher, Wheatear, Sedge Warbler, Willow Wren,
Chiffchaff, Pied Wagtail, Titlark, Skylark, Corn-Crake, and
Quail; and in November, with the Whinchat and Sedge
Warbler.

The measurements of 45 wings obtained in spring show an
average for that season of 2°738 inches, while 20 obtained in
autumn average 2°750.

Of the 45 obtained in spring—
24 earliest average . ‘ ’ ’ 2°725
21 latest # . . : : 2°750

From this it would appear that the shortest-winged arrive
first; but a division, according to months, gives a very different
result,—

8in Aprilaverage . . : : 2°800
37in May s,, : ‘ ‘ ; 2°725

The wings obtained in the last half of May, 16 in number,
show an average of 2°740, which is slightly greater than that

Whitethroat.

Whitethroat

Lesser
Whitethroat.

72 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

of 21 obtained in the earlier half of the month (2°715), but

decidedly below the average for April. »

In autumn—
ll earliest average . : , ‘ 2°725
8 latest ; : eee sa : 2779

again showing some superiority in length to the later wings;
but in this case the number of specimens is scarcely large
enough to afford satisfactory evidence.

The weights of seven specimens (killed striking) which were
received in the spring of 1899 varied from 187 to 215 grains,
the heaviest being thus slightly less than half an ounce, and
the lightest 12 grains heavier than the heaviest Sedge Warbler.
The average weight was 200 grains.

Average length of wing, 2°750; longest, 2°925; shortest,
2'625; difference between extremes, 0°3; percentage of varia-
tion, 11.

LESSER WHITETHROAT (Sylvia curruca, Linn.).

Two specimens from island light-stations, both stragglers on
the autumnal migration, are the only examples of this bird
known to have visited Ireland. ~

Both occurred in October; one at our most westerly station
(Tearaght), October 1, 1890, and the other at our most northerly
(Innishtrahull), October 10, 1899.

With the exception of the Blackcap (a peculiar case, to be
noticed subsequently), no Warbler which breeds in Ireland has
ever been sent from a west coast station in autumn, and an
occurrence of the Blackcap and Willow Wren together at
Innishtrahull, September 27, 1892, is the only autumnal ex-
ample from the north coast. The Lesser Whitethroat has
straggled in autumn to the Orkneys (see “Saunders’s Manual,”
p. 43), and it seems not improbable that the Irish and Orcadian
birds were of Continental rather than British origin.

The occurrence on the Tearaght, in October 1890, is of special
interest, as during the same month three other remarkable
rarities were forwarded from western light-stations—a Yellow-
browed Warbler (October 14) and Red-breasted Flycatcher
(October 20), both at the Tearaght, and a Short-toed Lark

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 (és)

(October 11) at Blackrock (Mayo). That these were Conti-
nental visitors (from Europe or Asia) is evident, since none of
the three breed within the British Isles.

On neither of its two visits is there any evidence to show
that the Lesser Whitethroat was accompanied by other birds.

The measurements of the wings were respectively 2°600 and
2°625, and the weight of the longer-winged specimen was 150
grains.

GARDEN WARBLER (Sylvia hortensis, Bechstein).

Although an undoubted migrant, the evidence as to the
migration of this somewhat rare species is very scanty. Only
two specimens have been forwarded, one in spring and one in
autumn. Both were killed on light-ships off the Wexford
coast—

Coningbeg Light-ship, Oct. 4, 1886.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship, May 11, 1899.

The first was travelling in company with other “small birds”
which were not obtained. With the spring example were
forwarded 7 Whitethroats, 3 Sedge Warblers, and a Whin-
chat, killed striking on the same date; also 3 Whitethroats,
3 Sedge Warblers, and a Spotted Flycatcher, killed the previous
night (May 10).

Unlike the preceding species, the Garden Warbler breeds
(though only locally) in Ireland, and it is probably overlooked
at the light-stations, being confounded with other Warblers
which strike more numerously.

The autumnal specimen, of which only a leg and wing were
forwarded, was probably immature, as the wing measured no
more than 2°775 inches, and some difficulty was experienced
in identifying it, but various well-known English ornithologists
agree in referring it to the Garden Warbler. The Blackwater
Bank bird was sent in the flesh, and its wing measures 3-050.

BARRED WARBLER (Sylvia nisoria, Bechst.).

Has once occurred at an Irish light-station.

An immature bird of this species was found wounded at
Rockabill, Co. Dublin, September 25, 1896. It was received
im the flesh, and is the second example obtained in Ireland,

Lesser
Whitethroat.

Garden
Warbler.

Barred
Warbler.

Barred

Warbler.

Blackcap.

74 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

one having been shot in Co. Mayo by the late Dr Burkitt,
September 24, 1884.

It is curious that in Scotland, as in Ireland, the Barred
Warbler has been obtained twice, and that it occurred in the
same years (1884 and 1896) in both countries; also, that in
1884 both the Scottish and Irish examples were shot, while in
1896 both were obtained at light-houses.

BLACKCAP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

The Blackcap is a sincular instance of a spring visitant,
which breeds in Ireland, but whose occurrences at Irish light-
stations are chiefly autumnal.

The specimens received number eight, of which one was
obtained in spring and six in autumn, while one was picked
up dead on the mainland in winter.

The spring specimen was received May 23, 1892, from the
Maidens Light-house, Co. Antrim. It is strange that no bird
of this species has been forwarded in spring from any of our
south-eastern stations.

Of the 6 autumnal specimens, 2 -struck in September,
3 in October, and 1 in November:

Tearaght, Co. Kerry, . ; ‘ . Oct. 4, 1886.
Eagle Island, Co. Mayo, : : . Oct. 31, 1886.
Hook Tower, Co. Wexford, 5 : . Nov. 7, 1891.
Rockabill, Co. Dublin, . ; : . Sept. 14, 1891.
Innishtrahull, Co. Donegal, .. Sept. 27, 1892.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Co. Weston: Oct. 15, 1895.

The specimen received in winter was found dead on the
8th of December 1896, on the mainland opposite the Fastnet,
and was forwarded by Mr E. Rohu, light-keeper at that station.

To analyse the September instances first. The earliest was
at Rockabill, September 14,1891. The station is on the east
coast; the month is that in which it is agreed that most of the
British Blackcaps depart; and the bird was apparently
travelling with Sedge Warblers, since one of that species was
found dead with it. A Sedge Warbler was also sent with the
single specimen killed in spring. There is, therefore, every
reason to consider this a case of ordinary emigration.

The second September instance was at Innishtrahull, Septem-
ber 27, 1892. A Willow Wren was received with this specimen,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 45

On no other occasion has any Irish-breeding Warbler been sent
from a north coast station in autumn, and the most probable
explanation of the occurrence is that these birds were travelling
southwards from Scotland, and visited Ireland merely on
passage.

Of the three October specimens, two occurred during the same
autumn (October 1886), and both on islands off the western coast.
These were forwarded alone, No other Irish-breeding Warbler
has been received in autumn from the west coast, nor is it to
be expected that any would choose it for a point of departure.
The striking of these two birds at the Tearaght and Eagle
Island light-houses in the autumn of 1886 rather suggests an
influx at that season, especially when it is remembered that
during the same autumn, specimens of the Pied Flycatcher were
forwarded (September 21 and October 5) from the Tearaght
and Fastnet. The case of’ this last-named bird is partly
analogous, for it is a summer-visitant to Britain, yet has
occurred only in autumn at Irish light-stations.

The remaining October example was killed at Blackwater
Bank Lightship, October 15, 1895. This occurrence took place
during a “great rush of Larks, Thrushes, Starlings, and
‘Warblers,’” of which many were reported as killed striking ;
and the other wings forwarded with the Blackcap’s were those
of a Thrush, Blackbird, and Skylark, all autumnal visitants.

The November bird struck at Hook Tower with a Redwing
and Stonechat (November 7, 1891).

One, said to have been forwarded from the Tuskar, November
7, 1886, was not received, but the Hook Tower occurrence of
the same date in 1891 renders it fairly probable that this
identification was correct; though the birds reported as Black-
caps are generally Stonechats, and the name of “ Blackcap” is
also applied to the Great Titmouse and Reed Bunting. All
the instances in which no specimens were sent have, therefore,
to be treated as doubtful. Indeed, there are very slight grounds
for referring any “Blackcap” observed in spring to Sylvia
atricapilla.

It has long been a well-known fact that this species some-
times occurs in Ireland in winter. Thompson records 4
Specimens obtained in December and 2 in January, besides
3 in November and 1 on the Ist of March, all between 1833

Blackcap.

Blackeap.

Wood Wren.

76 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

and 1847. In subsequent years similar occurrences have been
noted. Whether these were principally Irish-breeding indi- —
viduals remaining through the winter, or winter immigrants, is
a doubtful question; but the light-station data given above —
seem best to accord with the latter hypothesis, a view which is

further supported by the fact of the bird being chiefly knownin

the Outer Hebrides, Orkneys, and Shetlands as an autumnal
visitant (“ Saunders’s Manual,” p. 47).

For the small number of specimens received, there is a
remarkably large coast-distribution.

South Coast, 2
East __,, 3
North ,, 1
West, 2

Only 1 was from a light-ship, 5 were from islands, and 1 (on
migration) from the mainland. The remaining specimen was
not killed at a light-station.

The other species received with the Blackcap have already
been enumerated in treating of its occurrences separately.

Five wings measured show remarkably little variation, being
all of lengths intermediate between those of the two Garden
Warblers’ wings received from light-stations.

Average length of wing, 2°84; longest, 2°87; shortest, 2°82;
difference between extremes, 0°05; percentage of variation, 13.

Woop WREN (Piylloscopus sibilatrixz, Bechstein).

Only one specimen has been received —from Blackrock
(Mayo), where it was shot, May 27, 1890.

This is the only Warbler which was ever sent from Blackrock
(Mayo).

That any summer migrants should turn up at this wild
and remote station is sufficiently curious. It is a small,
barren rock, somewhat over three acres in extent, situated nine
miles from shore off the north-west section of the Connaught
coast. Besides the Wood Wren, the only birds which have
been received from this light-house in spring are a Greenland
Falcon (shot, March 1884), a Titlark (caught striking, April
1890), and a Turtle Dove (shot, June 1887). With the excep-
tion of a Ringed Plover in July, and a Wren of unknown date,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 77

the other birds sent were all obtained in autumn, viz—a Kestrel Wood Wren.
(October 1890), Spotted Flycatcher (October 1889), Blackbird
(November 1887), Redstart (September 1891), Gold-Crest
— (October 1899), Short-toed Lark (October 1890), Snow Bunting
(September 1896), Chaffinch and Greenfinch (November 1887),
Water-Rail (September 1898), Turnstone (November 1886),
Fork-tailed Petrel (September 1892, November 1887, and its
ego in August 1899), and Little Auk (December 1896). It is
evident that a large proportion of these were stragglers.
The Wood Wren is so rare as an Irish-breeding bird that the
scarcity of specimens is not surprising. The wing received is
a short one, 2°875 inches.

WILLow WREN (Piylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Of 82 specimens of the Willow Wren forwarded from light- Willow
stations, 65 were obtained in spring and 17 in autumn. bata

Earliest in spring, April 7, 1894 (Blackwater Bank Light-ship).

Latest ee May 22, 1887 (Coningbeg Light-ship).
Earliest in autumn, July 29, 1895 (Blackwater Bank Light-ship).
Latest x September 27, 1892 (Innishtrahull).

Of those received in spring, 44 were obtained in April, and 21
in May. The specimens whose full data are given are 63 :—

Specimens.

April 1-10,. ; , : : 2

y, Pl; 20; - : : . ; NiG2Z5

» 21-30,. 3 : : : ry bey

May 1-10,. ; . : : ei TL:
awa Wl 20): ; : é : ,

i iHOl, . : : : é ; Il

63

The period of greatest influx thus seems to be from April 11th
to 20th. .

Of the autumnal specimens, 2 were sent at end of July, 9 in
August, and 6 in September.

; ‘ Specimens.
Fortnight ending August 11, 7
” » fr ” 25, 2
s » september §8,. 5
” ” ”? 22, _ 1
: after September 22, . 2

wS MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The principal exodus thus seems to oecur early in August.
The coast-distribution of the specimens is as follows :—

Spring. Autumn, Total.
South Coast, ‘ : 10 3 13
East 5 : ; 48 13 61
North ,, 3 ; 5 1 6
West, _,, : 2 = 2
65 17 82

It will be seen that the east coast yields 74 per cent. in
spring and 76 per cent. in autumn. The 6 north coast
specimens are all from Innishtrahull (Donegal), and the 2 west
coast examples are both from Tearaght (Kerry). The following
Table shows the distribution in counties :—

Spring. Autumn. Total.

Corkg ft, * . : 1 2
Waterford, . ; 1 1 2
Wexford (south coast), 8 1 9
ss (east coast), 28 10 38
Wicklow, 2 a 2
Dublin, : : 8 1 9
Down, : ; : aa 1 5
Antrim, 6 1 7
Donegal, 5 1 6
Kerry, 2 Se 2
65 iN 82

Considerably more than half the specimens at each season are
therefore from Co. Wexford.

Light-ships have furnished 26, islands 42, and mainland-
stations 14. Tuskar stands highest for number of specimens,
having sent 19; Blackwater Bank next, with 15; and Hook
Tower third, with 8. Thus the first three places are held by
an island, a light-ship, and a mainland-station, all of which
are in Co. Wexford. k

Though received less numerously than either the Sedge
Warbler or Whitethroat, this species sometimes occurs at the
light-stations in great numbers, and in one instance (at Tuskar,
April 29, 1892) the birds are said to have “looked like a snow-
shower in the rays of light.”

When measured by the dates on which most specimens were
killed striking, the time of the principal incursion seems to vary

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 79

a good deal in different years. In 1894—the year in which the
earliest specimen was received—it occurred in the first ten
days of April. In 1890 the main movement would appear
to have taken place between April 12th and 20th. In 1892
and 1897 it was still later—20th to 29th.

The apparent variation in the time of influx is on examina-
tion found to be almost entirely due to the changes of the
moon—the specimens forwarded being killed striking in the
fourth and first quarters.

The other species received with the Willow Wren are 15 in
number, of which 9 have been sent with it on spring migration
only, 3 on autumnal migration only, and 3 at both periods.

In April— Redstart, Wheatear, Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper
Warbler, Whitethroat, Chiffchaff, Swallow, Common Sand-

piper.

In May—Ring-Ouzel, Redstart, Whinchat, Sedge Warbler, Grass-
hopper Warbler, Whitethroat, House-Martin, Cuckoo.

In July—Spotted Flycatcher, Sedge Warbler.

In August—Wheatear, Sedge Warbler.

In September—Wheatear, Blackcap, Whitethroat, Lark.

From the measurements of 61 wings obtained on spring
migration, it appears that the longest-winged birds arrive first.
Of 30 earliest (before April 23), average length is 2°60,
Of 30 latest (after April 23), es i 2°56,
a difference of ‘04 in favour of the earlier wings. But if the
time of the immigration is divided into two equal periods of
twenty-six days, the difference is more conspicuous,

Of 42 obtained in earlier period (April 7 to May 2), average is 2°6
Of 19 obtained in later period (May 2-28 3), 5 25

The latest, shorter by °1.
The measurements of 12 obtained in autumn vary in the
opposite direction—

6 earliest (before August 20) average : 2°475
6 latest (after August 20) 5 : 2°500

The same contrast appeared in the instances of the Wheatear
and Whitethroat, but in each of these three cases the number

1 A specimen was received on May 28, 1895, without data.

Willow
Wren.

Willow
Wren.

Chiffchaff.

80 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

of autumnal wings measured is scareely large enough to be
satisfactory. The Sedge Warbler, with 46 bis indatinied,
gave a different result.

The wings obtained in spring average ‘09 lenges than those

obtained in autumn.

61 in spring average . : ! i 2°55
12in autumn ,, 5 ‘ P : 2°485

The shortest of all, however, was obtained in spring.
It will be seen from the Table of Measurements (p. 639)
that this wing is shorter than that of the longest winged
Golden-crested Wren. The specimen was received in the
flesh, and was pronounced by Mr E. Williams to be a male.
Among the Chiffchaff’s wings measured there are only two
(one shorter and one equal) which do not exceed this
diminutive Willow Wren’s wing in length, and it is remark-
able that all three—the short Willow Wren’s and the two
short Chiffchaff’s wings—were sent together from the Tuskar
among a-uumber of birds killed striking on the night of
April 14, 1898.

The length of the Willow Wren’s wing shows a larger per-
centage of variation than any other species measured, except
the Skylark.

Average length of wing, 2°57; longest, 2°85 ; shortest, 2°20 ;
difference between extremes, 0°65; percentage of variation, 25,

CuIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Though the Chiffchaff’s well-known note is usually heard in
Ireland some time before the end of March, the light-house
returns show that only a small percentage of individuals reach
us during that month; for of 16 specimens forwarded by light-
keepers in spring, only 2 were killed in March, while the
remaining 14 were obtained in April.

Unfortunately the three latest spring specimens were re-
ceived (April 24, 1890; April 26, 1892; and April 26, 1895)
without date of capture, a circumstance the more to be re-
eretted, as none of the 13 specimens with data were killed
at a later date than April 14:—

;

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 81

Earliest,|. March 24, 1892, Blackwater Bank. Chiffchaff,
Latest, April 14, 1898, Tuskar.

That the second week of April is the time of the principal
spring migration appears from the following figures :—

Specimens,
March (last 8 days), 2
April (first week), . 4
» (second week), 7
» (third or fourth week), 3
16

In autumn only 6 specimens have been sent—

Earliest, September 2, 1886, Mine Head.
Latest, October 9, 1899, Tuskar.

The principal emigration does not, apparently, take place
until after September 20, as a division of the whole time of
departure into periods of ten days shows that 4 of the 6
specimens were killed after that date :—

Specimens.

September 1-10, 1
elie a0 1
abide on 2
October 1-10, 2
6

The Chiffchaff would seem, therefore, to arrive a week or ten
days earlier than the Willow Wren, and to remain a month or
six weeks later.

Judging from the coast-distribution of the specimens, we
may say that the Chiffchaff’s occurrences at both seasons are
almost limited to the east coast :—

Spring. Autumn. Total.
South coast, . : : 1 1 2
East ‘6 e ria 5 19
North ,, ; 1 iad 1
West _,,

16 6 22

The most westerly occurrence was at Mine Head, Co. Water-
ford, September 2, 1886. The percentage of specimens from
the east coast is 86.

1JIn the year 1872 the Chiffchaff was heard by R. M. B. at Fassaroe, Bray,
on March 8, but the average earliest date in that locality for the past thirty-five
years has been about March 26. t

Chiffchaff,

82 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The Chiffchaff has been received from only four counties,
whereas the Willow Wren has been forwarded from nine :—

Spring. Autumn. Total.
Waterford, ’ sCvee. 1 1
Wexford, S. coast, . 1 im 1

: E. coast, . | eal 4 15
Dublin, ; : ; 4
Donegal, E : 1 ie 1

At both seasons two-thirds of the specimens are from the
east coast of County Wexford. As in the Sedge Warbler’s,
Whitethroat’s, and Willow Wren’s cases, Dublin comes next to
Wexford in the number of specimens forwarded. The stations
most favoured are Tuskar (9 specimens), Blackwater Bank (5),
and Rockabill (3). Six of the 22 examples are from light-
ships, 13 from islands, and 3 from the mainland. These are
about the same proportions as obtained for the Willow Wren.

Owing to its early arrival and late stay, the Chiffchaff
frequently strikes the lanterns in company of other species,
which are rather winter than summer visitants :—

In March it has been received with the Starling and Curlew.

In April with the Wheatear, Willow Wren, Sand-Martin, Meadow
Pipit, Skylark, and Brambling.

In September with the Ring-Ouzel, Redstart, Whinchat, Wheatear,
Sedge Warbler, Whitethroat, Pied Wagtail, Meadow Pipit,
Skylark, Corn-Crake, and Quail.

In October with the Gold-Crest and Skylark.

Its associates in striking thus belong to 17 species, of which
only 3 (the Wheatear, Meadow Pipit, and Skylark) have been
received with it in both spring and autumn.

Of the 16 wings obtained in spring, the 8 earliest show a
decided superiority in average length—

8 earliest (before April 9) average 2°44
8 latest (after April 9) : ‘29

bo bo

”

Of the 6 obtained in autumn, 1 was not preserved; the
average length of the remaining 5 is 2:27, whereas the 16
spring wings average 237. A similar difference was found
in the Willow Wren,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 83

As in the Willow Wren’s case, the shortest wing was
obtained on April 14, 1898, at the Tuskar light-house.

Average length of wing, 2°35; longest, 2°575; shortest,
2150; difference between extremes, 0-425; percentage of
variation, 18.

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER (Phylloscopus swperciliosus,
J. F, Gmelin).

The first and only example of this species obtained in Ireland
was shot on the Tearaght Rock, Co. Kerry, on October 14, 1890,
by a son of the light-keeper (Mr W. H. James). It was for-
warded in the flesh.

The Tearaght Rock, where this rare straggler occurred, is
situated nine miles west of the Kerry coast, and is the most
westerly of Irish islands. During the same month (October
1890) two other rare birds were sent from this station, viz., a
Red-breasted Flycatcher and a Lesser Whitethroat (making the
second Irish occurrence of the former and the first of the latter
bird); and three days previously to the shooting of the Yellow-
browed Warbler on Tearaght, the first and only Irish specimen
of the Short-toed Lark was obtained at Blackrock (Mayo), also
nine miles west of the Irish mainland.

By an inadvertence, Mr James is quoted (p. 151) as saying
that the weight of the Yellow-browed Warbler sent was “1
drachm 11 scruples.” The figure printed as 11 was doubt-
less intended for 2, which would make the weight of the bird
100 grains.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

- Readily recognised, and well known to most light-keepers,
the Gold-Crest occurs at our light-houses as an autumnal
immigrant, chiefly in September and October. It again appears,
but in much smaller numbers, at its departure in March and
April. Fifty-six specimens have been received—46 in autumn
and 10 in spring.

Earliest in spring, March 19, 1893, Innishtrahull.
Latest ,, a April 28, 1891, Rockabill.
Earliest in autumn, August 27, 1888, Mew Island.

Latest ,, n December 17, 1899, | Wicklow Head,

Chiffchaff,

Yellow-
browed
Warbler.

Golden-
crested
Wren.

Golden-
crested
Wren,

S4 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

An analysis of the light-keepers’ observations shows that 160
occurrences of this species are reported within the fifteen years
1883-97. The Gold-Crest has in a few instances been reported
at light-stations during the months of February, May, and at
South Arran as late as June, but no specimens were sent,
The number of observations and of specimens for each month
are compared below.

Occurrences

Specimens
be gee received.

January, ,
February, ; : : 3 ae
March, : ‘ ‘ : 12 4
April, sie) 6
May, : : : 1
June, , : : : 1
July, d : . is =
August, , : ; 3 3 1
September, . : 4 : 37 18
October, . : : 56 20
November, . j H 24 6
December, . ‘ { 4 4 1

160 56

Judging by this table, October is the month of maximum
migration in autumn and April in spring.

The period of the autumnal influx is normally a long one,
lasting in most years for two months. In 1889 it continued
with little intermission from September 1 to November 15;
the earliest and latest dates for that season being August 14
and December 14.

From the. reported occurrences, the autumnal influx seems
oreatest during the first ten days of October. The dates of the
specimens received yield, at first sight, a different result; but
this is chiefly because one-third of the whole number were
received in the autumn of 1898, when exceptionally heavy
rushes took place about the middle of September, and in the
third week of October; and the schedules from which the
light-keepers’ observations are abstracted have not yet been
analysed for that year.

Divided into periods of ten days, the autumnal migration
may thus be tabulated—

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 85

Occurrences Specimens
reported received
to end of 1897. to 1899,

August 1-10,

“e ca le 1 ee
s 91-81, . 2 1
September 1-10, . ‘ ; 10 1
e 11-20, *. aE i
.. 21-30, . 5 i 6
October 1-10, . : : 30 6
2 11-20, . ; 7 5
ce Pee an reas 9
November 1-10, . : : 12 2
* 11-20, . ; 9 3
f 21-30, . : 3 1
_ December 1-10, . : : =F Le
. 11520,,,; : 2 1

in aia. 2
124 46

The spring migration seems to be more condensed, lasting in
most cases from the middle of March to the middle of April:—

Occurrences Specimens

reported. received.
March 1-15, : : : a. eins
“ 16-31, i : : 12 4
April 1-15, : : : 15 5
“ 16-30, : : : 4 1
31 10

Like most migrants, the Gold-Crest strikes chiefly on the
east coast at both seasons. No specimens have been sent from
west coast except in autumn, and it seems to be more frequent
on the north coast in spring than in autumn, which for an
autumnal immigrant is an exceptional characteristic.

The coast-distribution is shown below.

Observations. Specimens,

| |
Spring. | Autumn. | Spring. | Autumn,

South Coast, ‘ , , 4 28 ye! 8
East, pU) Re, 16 70 5 27
North _,, ; f ‘ 9 9 4 2
West __sée=", : : ? 4 17 9

aealia eee

Golden-
crested
Wren,

86 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

In autumn a decided majority, both ofythe observations and
of the specimens, are from stations south of the latitude of

Dublin :—
Observations. Specimens.
South of Dublin, . ‘ ; 74 34

North ,, ,, : yh 50 12

But in spring this is not so :—
Observations. Specimens.

South of Dublin, . , 17 3
North 5. 4% ; : 4 19 i
From this it would appear that if the spring movement be an
emigratory one, the Gold-Crest at that season departs by a north-
easterly route towards Scotland. A considerable number seem
also to arrive by this route in autumn; for the light-keeper at
Innishtrahull remarks (1894 “Report,” p. 406) that “we have
large numbers of Gold-Crests every March and October.” In
autumn, however, the largest influx evidently occurs farther
south.
The following map shows the number of specimens from each
light-station in spring and autumn.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN.

S 2=Two specimens forwarded in spring, March 19 to April 28.
A 4=Four 2 ” in autumn, August 27 to December 17.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 87

At lanterns, the Gold-Crest appears to be more frequently Golden-

caught alive than killed. In this it presents a contrast to most
of the Warblers, which are oftener killed than caught :—

Sedge White- Willow Chiff- Gold-
Warbler. throat. Wren. chaff. Crest.

Killed striking, » (iG 79 36 11 13
Caught at lanterns, . ; 3 6 9 3 19
Found dead, . . 7 6 11 2 7
Disabled or meen, Oy : 2 3 3 ~ 6
Struck, but whether killed \ ; 3 - K
or not doubtful, ; ;
Shot, , * 2 3
No avails as to Haw pro- at 14 7 7 4 6
cured, :
142 109 82 22 56

It will be seen from these figures that the number of Golden-
crested Wrens caught at the lanterns almost equals the numbers
of Sedge Warblers, Whitethroats, Willow Wrens, and Chiff-
chaffs so obtained when these are added together.

Only 2 per cent. of the Sedge Warblers forwarded are stated
to have been caught; the percentage of Whitethroats is 54, of
Willow Wrens 11, of Chiffchaffs 14, and of Gold-Crests 34.

On the other hand, 81 per cent. of the Sedge Warblers are
stated to have been Azlled at the lantern; the percentage in the
Whitethroat’s case being 72,in the Willow Wren’s 44, in the
Chiffchaff’s 50, and in that of the present species only 23.

It is well known that the months of September and October
1882 were marked by an extraordinary rush of Gold-Crests to
the British shores, which, though its commencement is variously
dated (east coast of England, August 6; east coast of Scotland,
August 27; west coast of Scotland, September 27), seems
everywhere in Britain to have attained its greatest density
between the 7th and 12th of October (east of England,
October 7 and 12; east of Scotland, October 8 to 12; west of
Scotland, October 10). It was during this period of its
maximum density that the swarm extended to Ireland, where,
previous to October 9th, no Gold-Crests had been noted except a
few in August (6th, 9th, and 26th). On October 9th, 5 struck
at Howth Baily, and 2 at Rathlin; on the 12th, a dozen at the
Tuskar and 2 at Howth Baily; on the 13th, Tuskar reports

crested
Wren.

Golden-
crested
Wren.

88 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

them “continually striking all night”; while 5 struck on the
same date at Rathlin; the following night the west coast was
reached, 14 striking at South Arran Island; on the 15th they
were noted about the lantern at Innishtrahull; and after this
no more were reported, except a few isolated instances on
November 30th and December 17th. The rush in Ireland thus
lasted a bare week, the night of greatest density being October
13th on the east, and October 14th on the west coast.

As an instance of a prolonged autumnal immigration into
Ireland, we may take the year 1889, in which this species
continued to strike during the whole of September, October,
and November; the observations being chiefly from Ulster
stations, especially the Maidens and Copeland Island.

Aug.14, 1 striking at Tuskar. | Oct. 1, 2 striking at Maidens.
Sept. 1, 1 ty Mew Island. | 5 1, some ,, Copeland.
+ eee ‘ Maidens. kul Sop OMI is Copeland.
pel Seed s Innishtrahull ci cu Awad 3 Maidens.
ass ee | nA Copeland. yg lOsd be Maidens.
eal 4 S. Arran. ne _ Arklow N.
ae alag | ¥ Maidens. Wi ugei 3 S. Arran.
poeay L Ph Tuskar. Bee SOS Hl r Kish Bank.
5 DG %% Copeland. Nov. 1-15, rushes at Rockabill.
peal 5 Tuskar. » 2, 1 striking at Maidens.
oO Z Arklow N. ie lone P Kish Bank.
oO; oig boas Kinsale. teal geOA Sg ¥ Rockabill.
Oct. 1, 2 x Kinsale. Dec. 14, some ,, Rockabill.
py a epi 3 Coningbeg.

Another year distinguished by an interesting influx was
1898, in which as many as 15 specimens were received, 7 of
them having been killed between the 13th and 24th of Sep-
tember, and 7 on the nights of the 20th and 21st of October.
The September rush in this instance was confined to east coast
stations, Blackwater Bank sending 2 specimens, Arklow South
Light-ship 1, Wicklow Head 2, and Carlingford Bar 2. The
October rush seems to have begun on the northern part of the

_east coast, specimens being killed on October 20 at Skulmartin
and South Rock Light-ships, both on the Down coast; but on

1 It will be seen, by reference to the British Association’s ‘‘ Migration Reports”
(1882, p. 1), that this celebrated rush of Regulus cristatus extended to the Faroe
Islands, where, however, the birds were not observed until 21st October.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 89

the following night it reached the west, and 5 starved speci-
mens (weighing, when received, from 58 to 654 grains) were
caught striking at South Arran Light-house.1

The species received with the Gold-Crest are :—

In March—the Lark.

In September—the Thrush, Lark, and Starling.

In October—the Thrush, Blackbird, Chiffchaff, Wren, and Lark.

In November—the Missel-Thrush, Ring-Ouzel, Black Redstart,
Lark, and Chaffinch.

The Lark has been sent with it six times, the Wren and
Thrush twice, and each of the other species once.

A remarkably large proportion of the specimens forwarded
appear to be males. In autumn, of 26 sent in the flesh, 20
are males and only 6 females.” Of the remaining 20 autumnal
specimens, only legs and wings are preserved ; but even on the
unlikely supposition that these were all female or young birds,
the adult males would form nearly half the series.

From the measurements of 38 wings obtained in autumn,
it appears that at that season the shorter-winged individuals
arrive first :—

19 earliest (August 27 to October 1) average i 2°085
19 latest (October 2 to November 20) ,,_ . , 2°100

The few wings obtained in spring, of which eight were
measured, follow the general rule (which in spring seems
almost universal); «¢., that the longer-winged birds come
first.

4 in March average , ; ; ; P 2°150
4in April - : ‘ ‘ ; ; 2°050

The spring wings slightly exceed the autumnal in length, but
are too few to afford a standard.

Average of 8 in spring, : ; : . 2°100
H » 38 in autumn, : : ' : 2093

This may be due to the presence of immature birds in the

1 The two specimens killed a night earlier on the Down coast weighed 68 and
76 grains respectively. The five from S, Arran weighed 58, 614, 63, 64,
and 653 grains.

2 T.e., possessing the lemon-coloured crest of the female; but it is possible
that some of these examples may be immature males.

Golden-
crested
Wren.

:

Golden- autumnal rushes, for of 20 adult maleg sent in the flesh at that
cresved season, the average length is 2106.
It is worth remarking that these 20 adult males conform
to the rule by which, as already shown, the shorter-winged
specimens of the Gold-Crest arrive first 7 autumn.

90 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

10 earliest (September 13 to October 1) average . 2°100
10 latest (after October 1) . : ce. Wy Be

Average length of wing, 2°100; longest, 2°225; shortest,
2000; difference between extremes, 0'225; percentage of
variation, 94.

[Obs.—Supposed examples of the Fire-crested Wren (Regulus —
ignicapillus, C. L. Brehm) have repeatedly been sent from light- —
stations, but have always proved to be Gold-Crests. The Fire-
crest is not known to have ever visited Ireland. ]

WrREN (T7oglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Wren, The frequency with which “Wrens” are mentioned by the
light-keepers might easily mislead an unwary reader into
imagining that Troglodytes parvulus is one of our commonest
migrants; but the small number of specimens forwarded shows
that such is not the case. The name of this familiar little bird
is very liberally applied by many of the keepers, who use it for all
the Warbler group, and sometimes for the Gold-Crest ; so that
when “flocks of Wrens” are reported as flying all night about
a lantern, the idea of an extensive migratory movement of the
present species must not be entertained. In fact, the materials
to hand are insufficient for deciding to what extent the Wren
can be accounted one of our regular migrants.

Of 15 specimens received from light-stations, only 8 are
known to have struck the lanterns, though some of the others
may have done so. Of these 8, 6 struck in autumn and 2
in spring.

The 6 obtained at lanterns in autumn are as follows :—

2 on the South Coast, Fastnet, October 30, 1897.
Tuskar, October 16, 1888.
2 on the Hast a { Maidens, November 19, 1898.

2 on the West a { Eagle Island, November 14, 1884.

S. Arran Island, October 21, 1898,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 91

_ The 2 obtained in spring occurred on the east coast, at the
same station, and nearly at the same date.

Maidens, . ; , : May 8, 1890
" . » 12, 1899

Of the 7 remaining specimens, which are not stated to have
“struck, 1 was shot on the Skelligs, where the bird is resident;
another from that station is without data, as are 2 from the
Tearaght, where also the species is resident; 1 was found dead
on Blackrock (Mayo), where there is evidence that the Wren
is often seen in winter; and 2 were received without data from
Innishtrahull, both early in April. At this last-named station
the light-keeper believes the bird to breed (see 1894 “ Report,”
p. 405), but adds, “we have large numbers of them and Gold-
Crests every March and October, so that they must migrate
about these two months, and rest here on their journey.” If
this information be correct, it is curious that so few specimens
have been sent; and that the only 2 examples of the Wren
which are known to have struck Ivish lanterns in spring
occurred not in March, but in May.

Like the Hedge-Sparrow, the Wren breeds on some of the
bleakest islands of the west coast. At the Tearaght, Mr E.
Marron (light-keeper at that station from 1882 to 1885)
considers that between 60 and 100 may always be found,
adding that scarcely more than 5 inhabit the same extent of
ground at Mine Head (a mainland station in Co. Waterford).
In some years, however, its numbers on the Tearaght have been
stated to vary at different seasons; eg., an increase is noted in
the autumn of 1890, and in January 1891 there are said to be

“not so many here as in the fall.” Also on the Skelligs,
another breeding-station, an increase in autumn has more than
once been reported; and on other western islands, as Slyne
Head, the Arran Isles, and Blackrock (Mayo), the bird is more
frequently noted in autumn and winter than at other seasons.
Thus it is probable that, though few Wrens are killed at the

lanterns, short migratory flights between the Irish mainland

_ and our western isles are of regular occurrence.

_ For proof of migration on a more extensive scale we must

therefore look chiefly to the evidence furnished by the east

: coast occurrences. These are only 4 in number, but it is

:

Wren.

Wren.

a

92 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

remarkable that as many as 3 of them are from the Antrim
coast. This may mean that the Wren chooses the route
between Antrim and the S.W. of Scotland as the shortest
passage from Ireland to Britain—a selection not unnatural
in the case of the shortest-winged British bird.

The solitary example from the Tuskar, however, shows that
in some instances the bird crosses from Wales or England.
The two Wrens which struck at the Fastnet light (October 30,
1897) did so during a rush of many species, caused perhaps by
a sudden change of wind, and may have been blown out of
their course during a local migration to some of the southern
islands. If, on the contrary, they had crossed from Britain, we
have here an instance of a flight of some 200 miles, performed
by a bird which might be thought one of the worst adapted for
long migratory journeys.

As 4 of the 6 autumnal specimens struck during the latter
half of October, it may be taken as probable that this is the
period of most migration.

The 2 which struck in spring occurred in the first half
of May. a

The Wren has never been sent from a light-ship or from a
mainland station, since all the 15 specimens received, whether
killed striking or otherwise, are from islands.

The following species have struck along with the Wren :—

In May—the Wheatear, Sedge Warbler, and Whitethroat.

In October—the Thrush, Blackbird, Ring-Ouzel, Gold-Crest,
Lark, Siskin, and Goldfinch.

In November—the Thrush, Fieldfare, Blackbird, Lark, and Reed
Bunting.

Of 12 specimens whose wings were measured, it appears that
the two shortest-winged were forwarded from the Tearaght
Rock, while the longest-winged example was the bird which
struck at the Tuskar. The wing of this specimen equals in
length the wing of a St Kilda’s Wren (shot August 1884) in
R. M. B.’s collection.

Average length of wing, 1870; longest, 1:975; shortest, 1°775;

‘ difference between extremes, 0'200. Percentage of variation, 11.

[Obs—The Tree-Creeper (Certhia familiaris, Linn.), though a
common Irish bird, cannot be claimed as a migrant, as there is
no evidence that it has ever been observed at a light-station.]

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 93

GREAT TITMOUSE (Parus major, Linn.).

Of very rare occurrence at light-stations.

“Titmice,” like “ Wrens,” are often reported, but seldom sent,
and there can be little doubt that in most instances the name
is erroneously used.!

Four species—the Great, Blue, Coal, and Long-tailed Tit-
mouse—are resident and common in Ireland; but of these
only two (the first and the last named) have been obtained during
migratory flight.

The Great Titmouse has twice been received, an interval of
ten years separating its occurrences. Both were in October, at
stations off the south coast (a light-ship and an island). The
dates of the two are nearly coincident.

October 14, 1889, . j Coningbeg Light-ship.
October 16, 1899, . . Fastnet.

Both were caught alive, the one apparently exhausted and the
other disabled.

On October 11, 1881, the Fastnet schedule contains an entry
of “two Titmice killed, flying S.,on rock” (1881 “ Report,”
p- 16). From the coincidence of date and station, it seems not
improbable that these were of the present species.

There is no evidence that either of the specimens forwarded
was accompanied by other birds. .

The measurements of the two wings vary considerably :—
Average, 2°925; longest, 3°050; shortest, 2°800; difference,
0250; percentage of variation, 81.

BLUE TITMousE (Parus ceruleus, Linn.).

The few instances in which this bird has been identified at
light-stations do not entitle it to be considered a migrant,

* Perhaps no other bird’s name is applied more miscellaneously. In proof of
this, two notes may be cited. In 1884 the light-keeper at the Tuskar, acknow-
ledging receipt of Morris's ‘‘ British Birds,” writes: ‘‘I am sorry to say that all
birds heretofore entered as Titmice were probably Willow or other Warblers ”
(“General Remarks of Light-keepers,” p. 9). In 1881, on the other hand, the
light-keeper on Blackrock (Mayo) reports: ‘‘ ‘Titmouses’ seen in all weathers,
and build on the rock” (1881 ‘‘ Report,” p. 10); here Rock-Pipits must be
intended. The Gold-Crest has once been sent as a Titmouse.

Great
Titmouse.

Blue
Titmouse.

’

Blue though it is possible that some of the, occurrences were migra- —
Titmouse. .. ° |
tional.

It has never been reported as striking.

Two specimens, both shot, have been received from a main-
land station (Mine Head, Co. Waterford). One was shot
December 9, 1885, and the other on March 10, 1887.
Mr M‘Carron, who forwarded these birds, probably considered
them exceptional visitors to the locality, and he reports “one
seen” on January 3, 1887, implying that such an occurrence
was not usual.

A “Bluecap” is reported as seen on Rockabill, July 29, 1889,
and a “Tit, small and blue,” on Tearaght, April 16, 1890.

Since 1890 the species has not been mentioned.

Such is the meagre evidence as to migratory habits on the
part of Parus ceruleus.

[Obs.—The Coal Titmouse (Parus ater, Linn.) has never been
reported or sent. “A small grey bird, not much larger than a
Wren, with a black head,” said to have been killed at the
Tuskar, October 29, 1883, may, from the description, have
belonged to this species, but the evidence is too vague to be of
any value. |

94 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE (Acredula caudata, Linn.).

Long-tailed The only occurrence was at Innishtrahull, where two were

Titmouse. shot out of a flock of seven, October 24, 1895. They had
probably remained a fortnight on the island, as eight are
reported to have been seen, October 10. Innishtrahull is six
miles north of the mainland, and the light-keeper remarks that
no one on the isle remembered having seen such birds before.

WAXWING (Ampelis garrulus, Linn.).

Waxwing. Three birds seen at Hook Tower, December 6, 1892, were
probably of this species. ‘They are described as “about the ©
size of a Thrush, marked like a Chaffinch, with top-knots on
head” (see 1892 “Report,” p. 530). Waxwings are known to
have visited the British islands somewhat numerously in the
winter of 1892-93, and specimens were obtained in various
parts of Ireland,’ chiefly in January.

1 Five such instances are noticed in the Jrish Naturalist, 1893, pp. 85 and 114,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 95

Prep WactalL (Motacilla lugubris, Temminck).

Wagtails so rarely strike the lanterns that very little evidence
can be collected concerning them. As many as 272 occurrences
are reported between 1883 and 1897. It is, however, in most
instances quite uncertain what species was observed; and,
moreover, the habits of the Pied and Grey Wagtails are con-
sistent with their being often seen near the sea, whether

migrating or otherwise, in every month of the year.

As far as the present species is concerned, 20 of the above-
mentioned occurrences may be set aside, being referable to
either the Grey or the Yellow Wagtail. Of the remainder,
82 are mainland observations, 160 are from islands, and 60
from light-ships. The light-ship records are evidently all
migrational, and worth tabulating by themselves; though it
cannot be said that they all refer to the Pied Wagtail, it is at
least probable that most of them do.

“Wagtails” observed at Light-ships.

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April May. June July. Aug. Sept.| Oct. | Nov.} Dec.
SESE CO PV
rrels Rock Light- ane 1 ae AR | ‘ 5 aes
icifer Shoals, j SMA? Alcea 2s
ackwater Bank, iA: Tales A Ae A le tee
SE Pe a 3 2
‘klow N., Hatig leer lat ladnbid a 2 | a
dling Bank, : NS ee | Bat Aiea sca hieeeal ern
uth Rock, . : DTM ERPS PCa | TES LOSE ID. | eee i eal 2
} | |
Total, : : | nate | Poa Rh Paes | ate tee, Boe Poach Te

Sta

Pied
Wagtail.

Total.

fol) et
WONT OVOorb

|

for)
Oo

Unless the great majority of these records refer to one species,

it is evident that the period of autumnal migration is nearly

the same for all, September yielding 28 occurrences, while

those in the other autumnal months, added together, make
_ less than the third part of that number.

Next to September, April appears to be the month in which
Wagtails are oftenest observed at light-ships, and it is there-
fore probably the time of the spring passage of the commonest
species.

The same results, though less marked, are borne out by a

Pied
Wagtail.

96 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

synopsis of all the reported occurrences (i.¢., from mainland,
islands, and light-ships) :—

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April | May.|June | July. Peale Oct. | Nov.) Dec. | Total,
South Coast, | 2 Qe BF By Dy et ccc |) Sl ge | een | 44
Bast 6 ,--a| «.. lav3-| 28,\-19-| 10, |, dy]... by Ds | Siena ae
| North " {1 3 Babe lela ape eee 3/2] 2)..25]
West ,, | 2 41.9] els |-2 | 6:| 6-}ap ae eaonieylelman
Total, | 4 | 10|'30| 3325/4 | 6 | 15| 61 | 32| 22 / 10 259
| b-bd

Comparing this with the light-ship table, it becomes obvious
that migrational and non-migrational occurrences are here
mixed together, but September still shows much the largest
number of entries, while April, though very slightly ahead of
either March or October, continues to hold the second place.

Only 3 specimens have been received, and of these 2 struck
at the Tuskar in September, the dates being nearly coincident—
September 22, 1887, and September 23,1892. The third was
found dead on the Fastnet Rock, February 28, 1887. Of this
specimen only the leg and wing were received, and the wing
may prove to be that of a White Wagtail. September is thus
the only month in which the migration of the present species
is fully attested by specimens.

The tendency of birds to strike the lanterns at their season
of arrival rather than of departure has been shown in the case
of many of the species previously dealt with, and probably
holds good in the present instance also. Indeed, if we accept
the conclusion that September is the month of maximum
migration in autumn, it becomes practically certain that the
autumnal movement cannot be (as it is stated to be in England)
a departing movement, since the season when Pied Wagtails
are most numerously observed in Ireland (at least in the eastern
counties of Leinster) is during October and November, after
the principal migration.

~ It does not, however, follow that the birds observed in
spring are departing, because those noted in autumn are
arriving.

The direction of the flight has been recorded in as many as

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 97

69 instances, 26 in spring and 43 in autumn. These confirm
the conclusion arrived at in the cases of the Thrush and Black-
bird, that departing birds are seldom seen. Not one of: the 69
observations records a flight to the 8.E.; only one, and that at
a west coast island-station, records a movement to the E.; while
only three—on islands of the north and west, show flights to
the 8. Flights to the N.E. are, with two exceptions, similarly
restricted to the south coast; but there is some indication
of a northward movement in spring along the eastern shores.
To this last movement belong practically all the recorded
flights whose direction is not strictly landward.

The 69 observations on direction may thus be classified :—

Landward. Seaward. Coasting. Total.
Spring, . xg oa 2(toN.andN.E.) 3{toN.) 26
Autumn,. . 40 s 3 (to S.W.) 43
61 2 6 69

There is thus evidence of an influx at both seasons, though
in spring it is less marked than in autumn, and it is possible
that most of the migrants at this season visit us only on
passage.

The bulk of the observations quoted relate to single birds
or to small companies of from 2 to 9 in number. On four
occasions, however, flocks are reported, and it is noteworthy
that the dates of these are all in September, viz., September
5 and 9, 1884 (Arklow N. Light-ship), September 8, 1893
(Hook Tower), and September 29, 1895 (Coningbeg Light-ship),
At Hook Tower the light-keeper describes the birds as
“Common Grey Wagtails,’ by which he probably means the
Pied species; he observes that “there were 8 or 9 at first, but
before leaving there must have been 50. They all left together
and flew W.” The westward direction favours the opinion
that these Wagtails were immigrants, and in the other three
instances the flocks were observed at light-ships flying directly
landwards.

The subject of the direction of the Pied Wagtail’s flight has
been dealt with in some detail, owing to the fact that nearly
all ornithologists consider this bird largely if not mainly a
summer visitant to Great Britain. The proof that it visits
Treland in autumn is not vitiated by the doubt admitted to

g

Pied
Wagtail.

Pied
Wagtail.

Grey
Wagtail.

98 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

exist as to whether some of the observations utilised relate to
this or to some other species; for it is at least certain that
many of them refer to the Pied Wagtail, while in all cases the
direction of the autumnal flights is given as landward.

Our northernmost station—Innishtrahull—possesses an ex-
ceptional record with regard to Wagtails. Of 16 occurrences
noted there, 13 were in spring, and of these no fewer than
8 were in May, chiefly in the earlier half of that month.
Though reported as Pied, it seems far from improbable that
these were really White Wagtails, since that species has several
times been obtained on the north coast of Mayo at the time of
its spring passage to the North. It is possible that some of
the west coast observations also relate to Motacilla alba.

The species which have been received with the Pied Wagtail
are 6, but all were obtained during one rush (September 22-25,
1892, at the Tuskar):— Wheatear, Whitethroat, Chiffchaff,
Titlark, Skylark, and Quail. Thrushes, Redwings, Swallows,
and Robins were also reported.

[Obs.—The White Wagtail (Motacilla alba, Linn.) might be
expected to occur at light-stations oceasionally, and, as shown
under the preceding species, there is reason to suspect that it
has been several times observed at Innishtrahull, while a wing
from the Fastnet (28/2/87) resembles in character that of a
White Wagtail; but no certain evidence on the subject has
been obtained."]

GREY WaGTAIL (Motacilla melanope, Pallas).

The Grey Wagtail has twice struck, in October, we., at
Coningbeg Light-ship, October 8, 1887, and at North Arran
Island, October 19,/1890. These are the only specimens received.

“Yellow Wagtails” are reported in fourteen instances, and
in most cases the Grey Wagtail is probably intended; some
records at land-stations in winter are not migrational. From
the Skelligs, four “Yellow Wagtails” are noted in different
years (March 17, April 22, September 19, and November 10),

“1Since writing this, a special request was sent to the light-keeper at
Innishtrahull to procure, if possible, one of the ‘‘Pied” Wagtails usually seen
there at end of April or early in May. A sharp look-out was a:cordingly kept,
and one was captured at tho lantern on the night of April 23, 190, and for-
warded. It proved to be a fine ad ult mule Motacilla alba.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 99

and it can scarcely be doubted that at least the earliest and Poe
latest of these refer to the present species. A “yellowish”
example was also observed on the Tearaght, August 20, 1890 ;
and at Barrels Rock Light-ship a “ Yellow Wagtail” was seen
going north, September 24, 1886. The other notes (some of
which may relate to the next species) are from Kinsale (Sep-
tember 24), Mine Head (April 9 and June 16), Tuskar (April
14), Arklow N. Light-ship (June 10), and Rockabill (October
8). None are recorded north of the last-named station.
The bird inhabits Ireland throughout the year, but the light-
house observations are insufficient to warrant any conclusion as
to its migration.

YELLOW WacralL (Motacila ravi, Bonaparte).

This Wagtail has three times been obtained, and in all cases Yellow
from Wexford stations: a fact of considerable interest, inasmuch bile
as all its known breeding haunts are in the northern part of our
island.

The only occurrence in spring was at the Tuskar, where a fine
adult male was shot, May 3, 1886.

In autumn, two specimens were received, of which both were
killed within a few days of the middle of September: at Hook
Tower, September 11, 1893, and at the Tuskar, September 19,

1895.

The Hook Tower specimen struck a telephone wire; thus in
only one case has this bird been obtained through striking the
lantern (Tuskar, 1895), and the example so killed was im-
mature.’

Meravow-Prrit (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

‘The Meadow-Pipit’s regular spring migration seems to set in Meadow-
about the end of February and to continue until after the =
middle of April, attaining its maximum about the middle of
March. In autumn there is an equally marked movement
from the fourth week of September to the middle of November.

1 This specimen is just in that stage when it is so difficult to distinguish
M. raii from M. flava, and Dr Sharpe and Mr Howard Saunders both agree
in stating that it may be WM. flava (in lit., October 30, 1899); but the Blue-
headed Wagtail should not be added to the Irish list on the strength of a
doubtful example.

s

Meadow-
Pipit.

100 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

In these two periods, each of about weight weeks’ duration,
35 specimens have been sent out of a total of 39 forwarded
altogether.

Earliest in spring, February 26, 1891, Maidens.

Latest <6 April 19, 1890, Blackrock (Mayo).
Earliest in autumn, September 21, 1887, Coningbeg Light-ship.
Latest is November 13, 1887, a x

Fifteen specimens were obtained in spring—2 in February,
10 in March, 3 in April.

February 20-28, . : ; ; ¢
March IEW. ; ‘ 1

5 11-20, . ' ; 6
< gat
April 1-10, . ; : l
‘ M1-90.9 ; 2
15

Twenty were obtained in autumn—4 in September, 11 in
October, 5 in November.

September 21-380, : ‘ope 4
October 1-10, 2
. 11-20, mae 2

it 21-31, 7
November 1-10, 3
m 11-20, 2

20

Besides these, three specimens were received in January and
one in August.

The direction of the flight, whenever noted, is at both seasons
almost invariably landward.

As this species, unlike most others, is obtained in nearly
equal numbers in spring and autumn, the conclusion that it is
an immigrant at both seasons might be expected, and the
light-keepers’ notes showing the landward direction go far to
establish this as a fact. It is also worth noting that in at least
three instances specimens received from lght-ships in spring
had died of exhaustion, a calamity which is much more likely
to occur in the later than in the initiatory stages of a journey;
and a similar case was once reported in autumn, from Arklow
North Light-ship. That autumnal deaths from exhaustion are

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 101

comparatively rare may be explained by supposing that immi-
grants at that season come only from the opposite coast of
Britain, while our spring visitants have had a longer and more
fatiguing flight.

At both seasons a majority of the specimens is from the
Wexford coast :—

ee

Spring. Autumn.? Total.

Cork, 2 5
& Wexford, . ; : 8 17 25
Wicklow, . ; : 1 1

Dublin, 1 1

Down, 1 Fa. |

Antrim, . ‘ : 1 1 2

Donegal, . ‘ E im 1 1

Mayo, ; ; : 1 beh 1

Galway, . f mit 1 1

Kerry, ; d ‘ sie f 1

15 24 39

The stations which have furnished most specimens are :—
Coningbeg Light-ship (9), Tuskar (6), Fastnet and Blackwater
Bank (5), and Lucifer Shoals Light-ship (3).

Light-ships have yielded 20; islands, 18; mainland stations, 1.

Occurrences suggestive of simultaneous migration along a
considerable coast-line may be instanced in the receipt of
specimens from Fastnet and Barrels Rock Light-ship, both
killed striking on October 29,1886; from Tuskar and Coning-
beg Light-ship, on November 12 and 13,1887; from Coningbeg
Light-ship and Fastnet, November 3 and 5, 1897; from Rocka-
bill and South Rock Light-ship, April 11, 1889; and from
Fastnet, Coningbee Light-ship, and Lucifer Shoals Light-ship,
March 14-16, 1899.

| Sixteen species have been forwarded as killed striking with
the Titlark :— ,
In March—the Thrush, Lark, Reed Bunting, and Starling.
In April—the Chiffchaff.
In September—the Spotted Flycatcher, Pied Flycatcher, and
Storm Petrel.

In October—the Redwing, Blackbird, Black Redstart, Chaftinch,

and Starling.

In November—the Missel-Thrush, Song-Thrush, Redwing, Fieldfare,

Snow-Bunting, and Brambling.

1The January and August stragglers are here (for convenience) grouped as
autumnal migrants.

Meadow-
Pipit.

Meadow-
Pipit.

Rock. Pipit.

Skylark.

102 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Of 12 wings obtained on spring migration, the average length
is 3'165, while that of 18 obtained in autumn is 3°160.
At both seasons the earlier show some superiority in length.
1 6 earliest in spring (Feb. 26 to March 14) average 3°204.
6 latest ,, » (March 18 to April 19) 7 3°125.
fe earliest in autumn (Sept. 21 to Oct. 23) e 3°164.
Qlatest ,, 4 (Oct. 25 to Nov. 13) 5 ea:
Average length of wing, 3:17; longest, 3°37; shortest, 3:00 ;
difference between extremes, 0°37; percentage of variation, 12.

Rock-Prrit (Anthus obscurus, Latham).

If this species migrates at all, we have little or no evidence
of it from the light-stations.

In the second week of October 1886, two specimens were
forwarded which had struck the lanterns on Rathlin O’Birne
and Eagle Island West, off the north-west coast. These may
have been performing a short migration southward, but no
other such instances are known to have occurred, the Rock-
Pipits received from light-stations having generally been either
shot or sent without data. i

SKYLARK (Alaudd arvensis, Linn.).

This bird is more frequently reported by the light-keepers
than any other species except the Starling.

The number of light-house observations and specimens of
our four commonest winter visitants are :

Observa- Specimens
tions. sent.
Starling, : L : . 2040 80
Lark, . : : ‘ . 1756 130
Thrush, 4-Jd363 118
Blackbird, . ; a . 1169 148

Thus the Lark, coming second to the Starling in observations
and second to the Blackbird specimens, has an equal claim with
either of these birds to be regarded as the most numerous
species on winter migration.

In order to estimate the comparative value of the observations
relating to these four species, it should be borne in mind that
the Starling is, for two reasons, likely to be observed in a dis-
proportionately large number of instances. Scarcely any bird

of its size is so easily recognised in flight; and its habit

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 103

of ranging far, in large flocks, during the time of its sojourn Skylark.
with us, must frequently lead to its being noticed at light-
stations when not strictly migrating. This view is corrobo-
rated by a comparison of the figures from each section of the

coast.
Thrush. Blackbird. Lark. Starling.

Observations on South Coast, . 159 187 228 388
” 3 Kast oF . 885 685 1289 1242
. ie North __,, . 95 82 103 88
” ” West 9 . 224 215 136 322

1363 1169 1756 . 2040

Here we see that along the line of east coast stations, where
migration is generally at its maximum, the Starling is less
frequently noted than the Lark, while on the west coast, where
there is little real migration, but much nomadic movement
between the mainland and the isles, the preponderance of the
Starling is strongly marked.

It therefore appears to follow that a conclusion based on the
total number of observations in each of the above four cases
would be erroneous, as it would place the Starling too high;
and it is probable that the figures for the Thrush and Black-
bird, whose occurrences at light-stations are nearly all migra-
tional, are correspondingly low. The frequency with which
these two species are reported about the lanterns, as compared
with the number of times they are noted passing by day, would
also lead us to suspect that they are more nocturnal on migra-
tion than the Lark, and if this is so, the large number of speci-
mens in proportion to that of observations is readily explained.

The migration of the Lark generally begins about the middle
of September. The date of the earliest observation has varied
from August 28, 1897 (Coningbeg Light-ship) to October 4,
1893 (South Rock Light-ship), but has only twice fallen later
than September 22. The movement becomes general early
in October, and continues vigorously throughout the whole of
that and the following month; after which it becomes, like
that of most winter immigrants, comparatively spasmodic.
The numbers of observations and specimens for each month

are shown below.

Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
Observations, 141 173 198 88 21 4 4 4 69 508 358 188 1756
Beocmmens; 5 5 19 18 .68loi4 28 , Seed 6 38 27. 14.126

7

Skylark.

104 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The solitary specimen received in August, found dead at
Slyne Head, August 28, 1889, may not have been migrating,
and all the September specimens were obtained in the last ten
days of that month, the earliest at Blackwater Bank Light-
ship, September 22, 1898.

The density of the rush during October, November, and
December may be compared as follows :—

Observa- Speci- Observa- Speci-

tions. mens. tions. mens.
October 1-10, 119 9 November 21-30, . 88 8
45 11-20, 184 13 December 1-10,. 67 1
+ 21-31, 205 16 3 11205 5 re 10
November 1-10, 150 8 as 21-31, . 49 3

fe 11-20, 120 11

Throughout these three months, migration is observed every
year. The period of its greatest density is fixed by both
observations and specimens as October 21 to 31.

In January the amount of migration is altogether contingent
on the weather, none being noticed in mild seasons. The
records for this month are of exceptional interest.

Jan. '83, ’84. ’85. '86. ’87. 'S8. '89. '90. ‘91. "92. '93. ‘94. 95. '96, 97. Total.
Observations, ... ... 2 4 4° 9° 4°92" 6 4417 17230 Sea
Specimens, . ... -. ee eee cee eee ee ee ee 2 BT

January 1892 was marked by a heavy snowstorm, which
culminated on the 10th; in 1893 a snowstorm of considerable
severity occurred on January 7; in 1894 similar conditions
prevailed from January 4 to 7; and in 1895 severe weather set
in towards the end of January, followed by a great snowfall
early in February. In each of these four years the Reports
show the renewal of the Lark’s migration to have closely
coincided with the advent of cold and snow. No specimens
have been received in January, except in the years 1892, 1893,
and 1894, in each case after a snowstorm.

In February, on the other hand, migration is observed
every year, and more specimens have been received in that
month than in December. March has also never passed with-
out records, and has furnished nearly as many specimens as
December, while the observations outnumber those of February.
Possibly this is really the month of principal spring migration,
though fewer birds are killed, owing, it may be conjectured, to
the comparative shortness of the nights.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 105

The April records, though few, are distributed among all the
years, so that January is the only month between September
and May which has in some years passed without any Larks
being reported. A few observations are usually chronicled in
May, but the date of the latest specimen (discounting one
without data) is April 20, 1890 (Maidens).

The coast distribution of the Lark’s migratory movements
has already been outlined in comparing the observations relat-
ing to this species with those on the Thrush, Blackbird, and
Starling. The specimens from each section of the coast are :—
South, 21; East, 98; North, 1; West, 6—Total, 126.

The numbers contributed by each county are :—

Cork, . RSLs Dublin, 3 Mayo, . wy
Waterford, . 2 | Down, 10 | Galway, . Tihs!
Wexford, . 80 | Antrim, . 19 Kerry, . ben
Wicklow, cdl Donegal, . 2

Light-ships have forwarded 57, islands 53, and mainland
stations 16.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship has sent the largest number
contributed by any one station—29. Next comes the Maidens,
with 19, and Tuskar and Arklow South Light-ship, each with
18. Here, as in the case of the Gold-Crest, we see that the
large number from Wexford is partly due to that county’s
numerous licht-stations, since, with the exception of Black-
water Bank, no Wexford station has yielded more specimens
than have been received from the Maidens, in Antrim. When
we find the Tuskar and the Maidens practically equal (a very
unusual circumstance), it is natural to surmise that a migration
which falls with equal force on those two points is uniform
along the line of the east coast. If we compare the numbers
of observations furnished by the principal east coast stations,
we shall find this surmise corroborated—

Tuskar, . ii 45 | Codling Bank Light-ship, . 117
Blackwater Bank icles -ship, 147 | Rockabill, . rae
Arklow South Light-ship, . 191 | South Rock Light ship, . 146
Arklow North Light-ship,. 193 | Maidens, . . 145

Of the eight stations in this list, Tuskar and the two Arklow
Light-ships alone have contributed an unbroken series of

Skylark.

Skylark.

106 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

reports for the fifteen years ending 1897. Rockabill and the
Maidens reported in twelve of these years, South Rock Light-
ship in eleven, Blackwater Bank Light-ship in ten, and Codling
Bank Light-ship only in seven. If we make the numbers
proportional, they stand as follows :—

Tuskar, . ; : . 145 | Codling Bank Light-ship, . 250
Blackwater Bank ene ship, 220 | Rockabill, . : . 194
Arklow South Light-ship, . 191 | South Rock a shi, . 199
Arklow North Light-ship, . 193 | Maidens, . o tet

In this comparison the five light-ships show considerably
higher figures than the three island-stations, but in other
respects the observations are very uniformly distributed, and
if we strike an average for each of the five counties represented
by the above-mentioned eight stations, the uniformity becomes
almost startling..

Wexford, 185; Wicklow, 193; Dublin, 187; Down, 199; Antrim, 181.

Thus the Lark’s migration differs pronouncedly from that of
the Thrush in extending along the whole of the east coast,
while that of the latter bird is little observed at stations north
of lat. 53°

The various light-stations ihe es corroborate each other’s
testimony with regard to this species, “rushes” being commonly
reported with remarkable simultaneity along the East coast,
and sometimes round the whole coast of Ireland. A large
number of these simultaneous entries are furnished by light-
ships. The following are a few instances, in which six or more
stations confirm one another’s records :—

October 20-22, 1887: Fastnet, Coningbeg Light-ship, Barrels
Rock Light-ship, Tuskar, Arklow South Light-ship, Arklow
North Light-ship, Maidens, Tory Island, and Slyne Head.
(On the 23rd at Blackrock, Mayo.)

January 8-10, 1892: Coningbeg Light-ship, Barrels Rock
Light-ship, Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Arklow North Light-
ship, Codling Bank Light-ship, Drogheda North, Copeland, and
Maidens.

November 13-15, 1895: Coningbeg Light-ship, Tuskar,
Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Rockabill, Copeland, Maidens,
Innishtrahull, and Slyne Head.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 107

February 3, 1897: Coningbeg Light-ship, Tuskar, Black-
water Bank Light-ship, Arklow 8. Light-ship, Arklow N.
Light-ship, Codling Bank Light-ship.

October 19, 1897: Fastnet, Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, Black-
water Bank Light-ship, Arklow 8. Light-ship, Arklow N.
Light-ship, Codling Bank Light-ship, and South Rock Light-
ship.

On the night of February 20, 1890, an extraordinary rush at

Copeland light-house is thus described by Messrs E. M‘Carron
and C. Hawking :—

“Immense swarms of birds round lantern from 10 P.M. to
4 A.M.; Larks, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings, also Curlew ;
wind light S.E., misty. The air was filled with birds. The
balcony outside was completely covered with killed birds; they
were five or six deep all round, so to walk round would be
walking on killed birds. Numbers got through the cowl into
the lantern. The lantern-glass was so much soiled, both inside
and out, that eight buckets of water had to be carried up next
day to wash it. A labourer doing work at the light-house
gathered two hundred, and ‘that was not the quarter of them’ ;
he gave a couple of buckets [of birds] to fishermen who came
along. Several Curlew, Lapwing, and Golden Plover killed.”

In this description there is no estimate of the proportions in
which the different species occurred, but we find that on the
same date a rush, which lasted for three nights, began at the
-Maidens, nineteen miles to northward, and the list of killed is
given as “110 Skylarks, 14 Redwings, 6 Thrushes, 11 Black-
birds, 8 Starlings, 3 Yellowhammers, 2 Lapwings”;! from which
it may fairly be inferred that Larks formed a great majority
at both stations. Farther south this rush seems to have been
noticed chiefly on the nights of February 22 and 23, at Arklow
North and South Light-ships, and the Tuskar. At all these
stations the number of birds striking is reported as large, but
the Starling seems to have been more numerous than the Lark
at Arklow North Light-ship, where 20 Starlings, 12 Larks, and
8 “Finches” were found on deck (the remainder of those which
struck having fallen into the sea).

1The specimens forwarded were 1 Misse]-Thrush, 1 Song-Thrush, 2 Black-

birds, 3 Larks, 1 Yellowhammer, 1 Starling, and 1 Lapwing. It is not im-
probable that the 14 ‘‘ Redwings” were wrongly identified,

Skylark.

Skylark,

108 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Although this movement was noticed at the more northerly
stations of the east coast (Maidens and Copeland) before it
began at those further south, the direction of the flight does
not appear to have been southward, but rather north-westward.
At Arklow South Light-ship it was observed by day on
February 23, and the light-keeper reports “ continuous flocks
of Starlings, Thrushes, Curlew, Larks, Blackbirds, and a few
Grey Plover, going N.W.”

The direction of the Lark’s flight has been noted in 524
instances. We have thus a much larger quantity of evidence
than in the case of the Thrush, whose direction was recorded
196 times. The result is the same in both cases.

Only 12 of the 524 observations referred to come from the
west coast, where the movements are of so different a character
from those noted elsewhere that it is better to confine our
attention chiefly to the 512 records from the south, east, and
north. Of these an overwhelming majority are landward.

pa Landward. | Seaward. Coasting.

September .° . * .. ime 1
October, | Ti 14 6
November, Pr GOs 8 5
Decemberit. sw sit Serine 4 oa 18
January, ; 5h a 44. 2 2
February, . <r | 31 5 e
March, . ; : ay 6 2
Aapril© « : : : 11 ae 1 /
Miaiys* 2. : : - gy 2 Ne
ume; n't : [ cn" Hd 1
ually, sy : : ats 1

448 41 23

Such a record clearly shows that the Lark’s departure is
unobserved. It must take place in spring, yet from the
beginning of February to the end of May there are only 11
notes of Larks having been seen flying seawards, generally in
insignificant numbers. To take these few notes as instances
in which emigration has been witnessed would be unsafe, for
14 similar instances are noted in October and 8 in November ;

a
ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 109

while the west coast records, though only 12 in number,
include 2 observations of seaward (i.¢., westward) flights from
Rathlin O’Birne, a station which has no land due west of it
nearer than America; but the birds may have been making for
the North Mayo shore, which lies about forty miles to south-
west. So far, therefore, as the light-house records are con-
cerned, we may consider ourselves still completely in the dark
as to the time, route, and method of departure of the vast
multitudes of Larks which are seen arriving on our shores in
autumn and throughout the winter.

The list of specimens which have been sent as bayiae struck
with the Lark includes the Missel-Thrush, Song-Thrush, Red-
wing, Fieldfare, Blackbird, Black Redstart, Wheatear, Blackcap,
Chiffchaff, Gold-Crest, Wren, Pied Wagtail, Titlark, Lapland
Bunting, Reed Bunting, Chaffinch, Siskin, Linnet, Starling,
Woodcock, Snipe, Jack-Snipe, Dunlin, and Storm Petrel. Of
these the Thrush, Blackbird, Starling, Chaffinch, and Titlark
are its most usual companions. An absentee from the list is
the Greenfinch, though “Larks and Green Linnets” are often
noted as passing light-ships together; while the Linnet, a still
more frequently reported associate, has been received with the
present species only once.

The Skylark is noted for its great variability im size, and
among the wings received from Irish light-stations the longest
and shortest differ by more than an inch. A remarkably large
wing obtained from Arklow South Light-ship in October 1886
measured 4°8 inches in length, or 0°6 above the average.

Both in autumn and spring the earlier wings show the greater
average length.

Autumn—4l1 in September and October average . 4:995

‘ ‘ 30 in November and December _,, i 4°150
Early wings longer by ‘075.

Spring —17in February average. ; : 4°300

16 in March and April average. : 4°150

Early wings longer by °150.

It will be seen on reference to the list of measurements (see
Appendix, p. 643) that the eight longest wings were all obtained
in October and February.

The average length is somewhat greater in spring than in
autumn.

Skylark.

110 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Skylark. 71 in autumn (September-December) average : 4-200 ,
33 In spring (February-April) Ps : 4225
The percentage of variation is the same as for the Willow
Wren, and is greater than that found for any other species
measured. }
Average length of wing, 4:20; longest, 4°80; shortest, 3°75 ;
difference between extremes, 1°05 ; percentage of variation, 25.

WoopLaRK (Alauda arborea, Linn.).

Woodlark. This bird has only once been obtained at a light-station. <A
specimen was shot on the Tearaght rock by Mr F. Ryan,
October 20,1887. It was received in the flesh, with legs and
wings of a Black Redstart, Brambling, and Greenfinch, shot the
same day.

During the nine days from October 16 to 24, 1887, a large
influx of many of our less regular visitants seems to have been
in progress. Between those dates the birds received from the
Fastnet, Tearaght, and Skelligs light-keepers include, besides
the present species, 4 Black Redstarts and 4 Siskins, 2
Chaffinches, a Stonechat, Gold-Crest, Skylark, Brambling, and
Greenfinch, and the only Irish specimen of the Lapland
Bunting. Siskins, for which 1887 was a remarkable year,
occurred chiefly at these three stations. On the east coast,
the first Irish example of the Red-breasted Flycatcher and the
only light-house specimen of the Stock-Dove were killed during
the same period. That the Woodlark participated in this
mixed autumnal rush from over sea seems much more probable
than that it had merely straggled from the Irish mainland,
where, as a breeding species, it is extremely rare.

SHORT-TOED Lark (Alauda brachydactyla, Leisler).

Short-toed On October 11, 1890, two birds supposed to be rare were
toe shot by the light-keeper on Blackrock (Mayo), and were
forwarded in the flesh. One was a Kestrel, the other a Short-

toed Lark.

‘The Short-toed Lark, thus obtained, is the only bird of its
species known to have visited Ireland, and is one of the greatest
rarities which the light-stations have added to our fauna.
Only ten occurrences in the British Isles are enumerated in

®

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 111

“Saunders’ss Manual” (2nd edition, p. 255), and of these the
Irish example is the only one which was obtained at a light-
station. It is apparently an adult bird.

The islands of the west coast were exceptionally favoured
by rare birds in October 1890, as is shown by the occur-
rences, already mentioned, of the Yellow-browed Warbler,
Lesser Whitethroat, and Red-breasted Flycatcher on Tearaght,
almost simultaneously with that of the Short-toed Lark on
Blackrock (Mayo). None of these four species have been
obtained in Ireland except at light-stations between six and
nine miles from the mainland.

Snow BuntTIne (Plectrophenax wivalis, Linn.).

The Snow Bunting has been reported from light-stations in
every month of the year, and specimens have been obtained in
every month except June and August.

In 1898 a male was sent in summer plumage, shot July 25,
from Aranmore, Co. Donegal. Snow Buntings had previously
been reported from the same station on June 13, 1886, and on
August 18, 1883, though these were not obtained; and in 1884
two specimens in almost full summer plumage were forwarded
which had been shot in the same island in the first week of May.
From other west coast stations there are a few similar records.
An occurrence on July 6, 1897, is noted on North Arran Island,
Co. Galway, and as far south as the Tearaght a specimen was
shot and forwarded on May 30, 1889. With these instances in
view, it seems possible that individuals may occasionally stay
throughout the summer on the west coast of Ireland.

Thompson (“Natural History of Ireland,” vol. i. p. 238) says
that the earliest Snow Buntings noted by him (about Belfast)
arrived in the middle of October 1831 and 1844, and that the
latest date he had noted of their remaining was March 21, 1832.
The light-house records from the east coast of Ireland (which in
the case of this species are very few) are all intermediate
between the above-quoted dates, the earliest being October 27
(Rockabill and Tuskar) and the latest March 18 (Tuskar), and
thus corroborate Thompson’s accuracy as an observer; but the
north, west, and south coasts yield very different results, and
show that the period of the bird’s stay is normally much more
prolonged than Thompson supposed.

Short-toed
Lark.

Snow
Bunting.

Snow
Bunting.

112 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

During sixteen consecutive years, #1882-1897, the Snow
Bunting’s first autwmnal occurrence noted by light-keepers
(discounting those in July and August as possibly referable to
birds which had not left us in summer) has eleven times been in
September and five times in October, never later than October 10.
During the same period, occurrences in spring have only been
noted in fourteen years, and the latest observation was three
times in March, five times in April, five times in May, and once
in June. Except in 1885, when the latest observation recorded
was on March 12, it has invariably been later than March 21.
A list of the earliest autumnal and latest spring occurrences
(omitting those in July and August) in each year is given below.

It will be observed that none of the occurrences in this list
were on the east coast. Few in number as are the records of
the Snow Bunting at eastern light-stations, they nevertheless
agree with one another so remarkably as to afford very fair
evidence as to the bird’s usual date of arrival in that part
of Ireland. This would appear to be between October 27
and November 4. There are four observations (three of them
from land-stations) between November 23 and December 22,
but these presumably relate to coasting birds rather than
recent immigrants.

This bird, from its conspicuous coloration and coast-haunting
habits, is familiar to most of the light-keepers, and is seldom

Year, Haslesya | Station. sok ie Station.

1882 | October 5, | Aranmore. April 5, | Aranmore.

1883 | September 30, feceue May 16, | Rathlin Island.
1884 | September 5, | Arran Island, N. May 7, | Tearaght.

1885 | September 6, | Rathlin Island. Mar. 12, | Aranmore.

1886 | September 29, Aranmore. June 13, | Aranmore.

1887 | October 1, Tearaght. May 3, Tearaght.

1888 | October 6, Mine Head. Mar. 31, | Blackrock (Mayo).
1889 | September 7, | Old Head, Kinsale. | May 30, | Tearaght.

1890 | September 24,| Tearaght. April 10, | Tearaght.

1891 | September 9, | Rathlin O’Birne. April 5, | Blackrock (Mayo).,
1892 | September 4, | Innishtrahull. Mar. 25, | Tory Island.

1893 | September 23, | Innishtrahull. April 2, | Rathlin O’Birne.
1894 | October 10, Innishtrahull. May 8, Eagle Island.

1895 | September 21,) Innishtrahull.

1896 | September 28,) Blackrock (Mayo).

1897 | October 3, Stele N. April 21, | Arran Island, N. |

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 LI3

identified wrongly. The observations from our eastern stations
may fairly be contrasted with those from the north, west, and
south, as indicating a later arrival in autumn and an earlier
departure in spring.

The Snow Bunting undoubtedly remains on the east coast, in
some years, toa later date than the light-house observations
show (i.e, March 18); but if it were in the habit of remaining
into May, as some are shown to do frequently on the west
coast, evidence of the fact would have been forthcoming.

This species seldom strikes the lanterns. Of 34 specimens
received, 21 were shot. Of the whole number, 4 were obtained
in September, 7 in October, 2 in November, 4 in December, 2 in
January, 2 in February, 1 in March, 6 in April, 5 in May, and
1 in July. From September to December (inclusive), 5
examples struck the lanterns, all between October 4 and
November 6, a circumstance which seems to mark tlie period
when immigration is greatest. From January to May (in-
clusive) 5 also struck, 1 in January, 2 in February, 1 in
April, and 1 in May. It is curious that April and May are
the only months in which the Snow Bunting is known to have
struck the lanterns on the west coast, while February is the
only spring month in which specimens have been similarly
obtained on the east coast.! For March there is one record
(Innishtrahull, March 22, 1897) of this species striking, but
the bird was not forwarded. The west coast examples struck
respectively on North Arran Island, April 21, 1897, and at
Slyne Head, May 17, 1889. The former was a beautiful male
in almost perfect summer plumage, not equalled by that of any
other specimen received, though seven were obtained at later
dates (April 23 to July 25).

‘The spring specimens evidently afford no clue to the period
of maximum emigration, since none struck between February
20 and April 21, during which long interval the great majority
of our Snow Buntings must take their departure.

_ The extreme dates on which specimens have been obtained

(discounting the July bird) are—

Earliest, ; September 18, 1884, ‘ Skelligs.
Latest, ¢ May 30, 1889, ‘ Tearaght.

Both from rocks off the coast of Kerry.
1 At Rockabill, February 1896 and 1897, in winter plumage.

Snow
Bunting.

Snow
Bunting.

114 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The stations where Snow Buntings are most numerously
reported are those on the north and west coast, from Innishtra-
hull to Tearaght. That they are regular winter visitants to
Tearaght is shown by the fact of their presence there being
noted during eleven consecutive winters (1883-1893)—a more
continuous record than is yielded for the same species by any ~
other station except Innishtrahull. In four years they were
observed on Tearaght as early as September, and in three they
remained there till May. The reports show they are probably
regular visitants to all the islands of the west and north coast.
Several of the observations from Blackrock (Mayo) are interest-
ing. Thus, in the winter of 1883-84, Snow Buntings are
frequently noted from October 30 to March 30; in 1884-85,
they are “seen every day from November 20 until middle of
March”; in 1885-86, the first are noted September 8, and on
January 20 the light-keeper writes: “For the last nine days
the spray has been flying over rock, and the Snow Buntings
never left, and how they managed to exist I cannot imagine.”
In 1889 one was seen on this desolate rock as late as April 27.
In three out of the six years in which their arrival is noted
on the Skelligs, it took place between the 11th and 18th of
September.

To the south coast the Snow Bunting is a less regular visitor,
but it is reported in eleven out of the sixteen years between
1882 and 1897. On the east coast it has been reported in only
ten years—a paucity of records which must in part be ascribed
to local and accidental causes, such as the absence of favour-
ably situated light-stations; for it is a well-known fact that
the northern part of the east coast, as far south as Dublin, is
visited every winter.

The number of observations and specimens from each of the
four sections of the coast is as follows :—

Observations. Specimens.

South Coast, ! 34 9
East =A ; 20 4
North _,, 95 6
West ie», 232 15

381 34

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 116

As the north coast records are from only 3 stations (Rathlin,
Innishtrahull, and Tory Island), while those of the west coast
are contributed by 13, the north shows the higher proportion.
As compared with the south and east, however, the large
number of west coast observations is sufficiently striking, and
affords a marked contrast to the case of any other regular
migrant hitherto dealt with.

In one instance only has the Snow. Bunting been received
from a light-ship (Coningbeg, October 11, 1889); and it has
only once been reported from a similar station (Arklow N.
Light-ship, February 17, 1885), but there are no light-ships
on the north and west coasts.

At mainland stations, it has never been mentioned as
striking; but it has struck on islands off each of the four
sections of the coast.

The arrivals (not necessarily first arrivals) noted at different
stations in some years coincide pretty closely. For instance:—

1882, Rathlin, Innishtrahull, and Tory Island—November 5, 7, and 9.
1885, Rathlin, Blackrock, and Skelligs—September 6, 8, and 11.

1886, Aranmore, Blackrock, Fastnet, and Tearaght—September 29,
October 1, 3, and 5.

1890, Skelligs, South Arran, Mine Head, Aranmore, and Killybegs—
October 29, November 2, 3, 4, and 6.

Seven species have been forwarded as having struck with the
Snow Bunting: the Missel-Thrush, Thrush, Fieldfare, Meadow
Pipit, and Brambling (Fastnet, November 11, 1891), and the
Water-Rail and Purple Sandpiper (Tuskar, October 29, 1892),
The association in the last-mentioned case of three characteristic
Icelandic birds, unaccompanied by any of our more common
migrants, is remarkable; especially as another Water-Rail
struck the same night at South Arran Island, and another
Purple Sandpiper at the Tearaght.

There is some ground for considering that the Snow Buntings
which come to the west coast of Ireland have rather longer
wings than those found on the east ; for of 9 specimens obtained
from stations west of longitude 8° W., the average length of
wing is 4:290, while of 10 specimens from stations east of longi-
tude 7° W., the average length is 4235, The average difference
is thus about one-twentieth of an inch.

Snow
Bunting.

:

116 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Snow Average length of wing, 4:24; longest, 4°80; shortest, 3°92 ;
mung: difference between extremes, 0°87; percentage of variation, 20}.

LAPLAND BuntTING (Calcarius lapponiea, Linn.).

ae A supposed “Twite” found dead with a Skylark on the
5 Fastnet Rock, October 16, 1887, was forwarded in the flesh,
and proved to be a female of the above species. This is the

only Irish occurrence of the Lapland Bunting.

The week in which this bird was obtained was marked by
a considerable incursion of Siskins, with several Black Red-
starts and some Bramblings, at our south-western stations from
Fastnet to Tearaght; at the last-named station a Woodlark
was also shot at this time.

There is no evidence of Lapland Buntings having visited
Ireland in thé autumns of 1892 or 1893, when such large
numbers occurred in Great Britain that some instances on the
Trish coast might have been expected.

REED. BuntING (Emberiza schaniclus, Linn.).

Reed Legs and wings of six examples, killed or caught striking,
Bunting. have been received. These are all the migrational occurrences
| of which there is any evidence, the Reed Bunting being un-
known to most of the light-keepers, or known only as
“ Blackcap.”
Two specimens of the above six were obtained in spring.

Earliest, March 12, 1896, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Latest, April 13, 1897, Innishtrahull.

Four were obtained in autumn.

Earliest, October 23, 1899, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Skulmartin Rock Lt.-ship (Co. Down),
Batesty Day crabs Wo Alea { and Maidens W. (Co. Antrim).

Three of the six struck in November.

Five occurred on the east coast, from Blackwater Bank to
the Maidens, and four of these were at light-ships (Blackwater,
Arklow South, and Skulmartin), The remaining occurrence
was on the north coast (Innishtrahull).

The Thrush, Fieldfare, Blackbird, Wren, Lark, and Brambling
have struck with this species in autumn.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 117

Average length of wing, 3:06; longest, 3:12; shortest, 3-00 ;
difference between extremes, 0°12; percentage of variation, 4.

Corn Buntine (Lmberiza miliaria, Limn.).

No evidence of this species migrating can be adduced,
beyond the fact that a specimen was disabled striking the
lantern at Tory Island, April 25, 1895. Two specimens (one
shot, the other without data) have also been received from
Innishtrahull, and there is evidence of individuals remaining
through the summer on both those islands. These occurrences
do not justify a larger inference than that the Bunting occasion-
ally migrates between the Irish mainland and islets within a
few miles of the coast.

YELLOW Buntine (£mnberiza citrinella, Linn.).

The Yellow Bunting very seldom strikes. Only six speci-
mens have been received, all from light-ships and islands off
the east coast. Of these, one struck in February, two in
March, and three in November.

Earliest in spring, February 20-26, 1890, Maidens.

Latest i, March 28, 1890, g
Earliest in autumn, November 13, 1887, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Latest rs November 30, 1887, Maidens.

The remaining instances were at Copeland (March 7, 1898)
and Tuskar (November 23, 1896).

Fifty-seven observations in fifteen years is a small number
in the case of so common and conspicuous a species; and as
many as fifty of these records relate either to single birds or
small parties of from two to seven, generally not more than
two. “Flocks” are mentioned only twice—“large flocks” at
Rathlin O’Birne, November 22, 1883, and “small flocks” at
Tuskar, November 20, 1884; while a “rush,” in which four
Yellowhammers were killed striking, occurred at the Maidens
in February 1890. These are the only instances in which the
birds appear to have been at all numerously observed ; and
from the paucity of such records we may conclude that the
Yellowhammer is a somewhat stationary species.

—

Reed
Bunting.

Corn
Bunting.

Yellow
Bunting.

Yellow

Bunting.

118 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The number of observations to each month and section of the
coast are as follows :—

| | South East North West
Coast. Coast. Coast. Coast. Total.

January, . 1 1 1 3
February, 1 2 & 3
March, if 3) 1 2 9
April, 3 1 2 4 10
May, By oi 1 1 1 5
June, ie Les we | SARL 1
July, , an 1 ne ae 1
August, . d : iz bad il ; 1
September, ; a 1 1 2
October, . , 2 1 ba: 3
November, ; 8 f 7 15
December, 3 1 4

10 24 6 17 Dh

The east coast records seem to show that any intermigration
which may take place between Great Britain and Ireland is
probably at its maximum in March and November. This
accords with what would be inferred from the few specimens
received.

Several of the islands on the north and west coasts seem
to be very irregularly visited, but it would be difficult to
ground any inference on the records, even supposing them
to be free from error, except that April has a majority of
occurrences.

The direction of flight has been noted in only nine instances.
Except in one case, all these flights were towards the land.

It may be observed that the light-stations of the Ulster coast
have yielded a large proportion of the specimens received of
our three resident Buntings (Hmberiza scheniclus, E. miliaria,
and Z£, citrinella).

Reed

Corn Yellow

Bunting. Bunting. Bunting, ol
Ulster Coast, . ‘ ; 3 1 4 8
Leinster Coast, . 3 ot 2 5

‘Munster and Gerpteathe Const

Small as the numbers are in all three cases, they yet suggest
that, contrary to the usual rule, birds belonging to this group

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 119

migrate more across the northern than the southern part of the
Trish Channel. In the case of the Yellowhammer, this is
corroborated by the fact that only four observations are
contributed by the east coast of Wexford, while the remainder
of the east coast, from Arklow North Light-ship to the
Maidens, yields 20, 16 of these being from stations north of
Dublin.

The only occasion on which the Yellowhammer is known to
have struck with other species was during the great rush at the
Maidens, February 20 to 22, 1890, already referred to in treating
of the Lark (p. 107). This rush was partly renewed on the 26th,
and Yellowhammers are reported as killed both on that night
and during the earlier period. One specimen was received,
the other species forwarded being the Missel-Thrush, Song-
Thrush, Blackbird, Meadow Pipit, Skylark, Starling, and
Lapwing.

Six wings measured (of which, however, the largest belongs
to a bird shot at a land-station) show considerably more varia-
tion than appeared from an equal number of wings of the Reed
Bunting.

Average length of wing, 3:44; longest, 3°55; shortest, 3:22 ;
difference between extremes, 0°32; percentage of variation, 94.

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs, Linn.).

The Chaffinch is a very regular migrant, arriving in large
numbers on our eastern and southern shores every year about
the middle of October. Its migration continues until the
middle of November, after which time, in most years, it ceases
to be extensively reported. The data respecting the spring
movements are confusing, but, as in the case of other species,
there is reason to suspect that the departing birds are not
observed. Forty-seven have been received, 44 in autumn and
3 in spring.

Both the earliest and latest autumnal specimens were found
dead on Blackwater Bank Light-ship :—

Earliest, . : : October 14, 1897.
Latest, : : ; December 19, 1897.

It would thus appear that there is little immigration during the

Yellow
Bunting.

Chaffinch.

Chaffinch.

120 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

first fortnight of October, but the remaining part of that month
sees the maximum autumnal influx :-—

Observations. Specimens,

October 1-14, ; 5 45 1
i (55 lac 984 23
November 1-14, | 5 | 158 11
bi 15-20; 61 5
December (whole month), . 69 3

The month of greatest immigration is from October 15th to
November 14th, this period being represented by 392 observa-
tions and 34 specimens, while the remainder of October and
November yields only 106 observations and 6 specimens.
January and February are blank as regards specimens, and the
observations for those two months are unimportant, numbering
respectively only 13 and 24.

The Chaffinches which have wintered in Ireland seem, as a
rule, to leave in March. On the Tearaght, where the arrival of
this species is generally recorded in October, its departure was
noticed by Mr M‘Carron “about March 20th,” 1885, and again
by Mr James on March 5, 1888. It is certain that these
departing birds rarely, if ever, strike the light-houses, for only
one specimen (a wing, sent without data from the Tuskar,
received 29/3/86) has been forwarded in March. The only
April specimen is also a wing without data, received with a
number of other legs and wings from Innishtrahull, April 10,
1894, and which was perhaps killed in the previous autumn.
The third spring specimen, and the only one with satisfactory
data, was found dead on Coningbeg Light-ship on the 13th of May
1887—a date at which one would scarcely expect to find the
Chaffinch migrating. The contrast between the small number
of specimens received in spring and the large number forwarded
in autumn is, in the case of this species, very exceptional.
It cannot, however, be asserted that no spring migration of the
Chaffinch is observed at light-stations. In March as many as
76 observations are reported, in April 54, and in May 12. The
spring observations are, it is true, only one-fourth as numerous
as those made in the autumn; but even this is a large propor-

tion compared with that borne by the specimens, 7¢., one-
fifteenth.

£

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 121

If the spring records related to departing birds, the dis-

erepancy just alluded to would present no difficulty, for it is

reasonable to suppose that birds suffer fewer fatalities in setting
out than during the later stages of their journey. But when
we look to the light-keepers’ notes regarding direction, we find
good grounds for the inference that the Chaffinches seen in
spring are, like most other migrants on whom similar observa-
tions are made, not departing, but arriving.

The 186 observations as to direction which are tabulated
below, are taken exclusively from the records of south and east
coast stations.

Landward. | Seaward. Coasting. |

January, . | 1 a 1
February, . ay 7 1 7
March, . : : 21 1 1
April, 5 | 1
May, . 3 Qasr}
June, .
July, .
August, ; at
September, ' 3 ..
October, . : : 61 2 5
November, : 43 2 | 3
December, : ’ ; 22 1 |

Rebel witsiee 1) Piga Ss ubR TOG: ae

It will be seen that the proportion of seaward to landward
flights is the same in March as in November and December—
a little less than one-twentieth.

If the above observations are accurate, they prove that an
immigration of Chaffinches takes place in March, simul-
taneously with the departure of those which have wintered
with us ; and some of the light-keepers’ notes are sufficiently
circumstantial to add strength to this suggestion. For instance,
in 1894 Mr Wall’s report from Coningbeg Light-ship runs as
follows :—

“March 21st, two lighted on ship at 9 aM. and died; wind
light S.E., light haze: 25th, four lighted on ship at 10 am;

a

Chaffinch.

Chaffinch,

122 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

two died ; wind light S.E.: 28th, two fell mto the sea trying
to fly on shore at 10 A.M.; wind light E”

Here we see an instance of Chaffinches arriving on a series
of days, all in a fatigued condition, some dying on the light-
ship’s deck, and others falling exhausted into the sea, during
the continuance of apparently favourable weather—a state of
things scarcely compatible with the supposition that they had
only just left the Irish shore; and besides, we are expressly
told that the birds seen on March 28 were “trying to fly on
shore.”

In a number of other instances, corroborative of the above,
the Chaffinches reported in spring were observed resting (in
some cases dying) on the decks of various light-ships, from
Coningbeg to Codling Bank. At this season they seem to
occur in smaller parties than in autumn, from one to three
being the numbers most frequently noted; and it is thus
possible that the small number of specimens received may
bear the same proportion as the autumnal ones to the
number of birds observed, though not to the number of
observations.

It must not, however, be taken as definitely concluded from
the above, that the Chaffinch is a regular spring immigrant, as
well as an autumnal immigrant, to this country. All that can
be said is that the evidence points better to that than to any
other interpretation, and that there is no evidence of the direct
emigratory flight being observed at all.

At both seasons the south and east coast stations furnish
the most observations, and if we deduct six shot birds from the
number of west coast examples, the same remark applies to
specimens also.

Observations. Specimens.

South Coast, 172 12
Kast is, hong: hag: 534 20
North _,, ; : 6 1
West _s=»,; , ; : 74 14

786 47

Ot the eight west coast specimens, six were obtained near its
southern extremity (Tearaght and Skelligs).

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 123

The observations and specimens from each county are as Chaffinch.
follows :—

Observations. Specimens.

Cork, . ; ‘ ; 40 4
Waterford, fr ! ; 20 1
Wexford (8. coast), . 112 7
ee tly. COnst), : 231 16
Wicklow, 49 1
Dublin, 185 3
Louth, , 4
Down, . : 22 wid
Antrim, . ; 43 “a
Donegal, 11 1
Mayo, . 18 2
Galway, 17 2
Kerry, . : 34 At
786 41

Blackwater Bank Light-ship has sent the largest number of
specimens, while Tuskar comes next, and Coningbeg Light-
ship and Tearaght share the third place. It is evident that,
unlike the Buntings, much more migration takes place across
the southern than the northern part of the Channel.

As many as 18 observations of this species come from Black-
rock (Mayo). All these were made in October and November,
between 1886-89. In three consecutive years the date of
the first arrival on this isolated rock is noted, and the co-
incidence of the three entries is remarkable: October 24, 1886 ;
October 22, 1887 ; and October 21, 1888.

On the Tearaght Rock it has been repeatedly observed (1884,
1885, and 1886) that the Chaffinches which arrive there in
autumn are principally females. On the other hand, at
Drogheda North the light-keeper reports that “it is male
Chaffinches which pass in winter” (1894, p. 415). At no other
station has either sex been noted as predominating, and the
observations on this subject are therefore too meagre to warrant
any conclusion.

Twelve species have been forwarded as having struck with
the Chaffinch, all during the autumnal migration. The Black-
bird and Skylark have each been sent with it four times, the

2 Excluding six shot.

Chaffinch.

Brambling.

124 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Redwing and Starling each three times,and the Thrush, Field-
fare, Gold-Crest, Titlark, Greenfinch, Siskin, Linnet, and
Dunlin, each once.

From the measurements of 40 wings obtained in autumn, it
appears that the birds arriving in October have longer wings
than those which arrive in November and December.

Of 23 in October, average length is 3°38.
Of 17 in November and December, average is 3°34.

The October wings are thus longer by ‘04, though the longest
specimen measured belongs to a bird which struck late in
December.

Average length of wing, 3°35; longest, 3°72; shortest, 3:17;
difference between extremes, 0°55; percentage of variation, 16.

BRAMBLING (fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Though specimens of the Brambling have been received from
eight light-stations, it is not known to have struck the lanterns
at more than three—Fastnet, Tuskar, and Arklow South Light-
ship. From each of these, two specimens, found dead or dis-
abled, have been sent. Four of the six so obtained struck in
November, one in December, and one in April.

Autumn—Fastnet, November 6, 1891.
z Arklow 8. Light-ship, November 12, 1887.
Fr Tuskar, November 16, 1898.
33 Fastnet, November 25, 1899.

' Arklow 8. Light-ship, December 28, 1889.
Spring — Tuskar, April 5, 1891.

Besides these, five others have been received. Tearaght has
forwarded one shot on October 20, 1887; Old Head, Kinsale,
one shot on October 28, 1888; Skelligs, one shot (out of a flock
of forty) on November 10, 1887; Hook Tower, one which took
refuge in the light-house during severe weather in January
1894; and Innishtrahull one with incomplete data, but prob-
ably shot in April 1895. ;

The instances in which the “Mountain Finch” has been

reported are few, and are limited to the stations already

enumerated as having sent specimens. One occurrence is
reported from the Tuskar, two from the Tearaght, two from the
Skelligs (one of these at the unlikely date of May 29), and four

A
>.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 125

from Innishtrahull. The last-mentioned station reports a Brambling.
“flock of Brambling on island,” November 15, 1895; “two

flocks,” February 4, 1896; and “eight all day,’ March 18,

1896; but all the observations from other stations, except as

regards the flock of forty seen at the Skelligs in 1887, relate to
occurrences of from one to four birds only.

Many Bramblings doubtless pass unnoticed, as the light-
keepers frequently fail to recognise this species. Of the eleven
specimens received, one was labelled “ Flycatcher,” one “Snow
Bunting,” and two “unknown” or “small bird.” It would thus
be rash to infer its absence from those parts of the coast where
it has not been reported. Still, the fact that ten examples have
been forwarded from stations south of lat. 52° 41’, and only one
from a station further north, seems to show (as in the case of
the Siskin, p. 131) that this bird generally arrives on the
southern and south-eastern shores of Ireland ; though there is
probably, in some winters, an immigration from Scotland also,
to our north coast.

The earliest observation and earliest specimen in autumn are
both dated October 20, 1887, on which day a bird was reported
at the Tuskar, and another forwarded from the Skelligs.
During that winter Bramblings were more than ordinarily
numerous in Ireland, and were noted or sent from four stations,
all on the coasts of Wexford and Kerry. There is some
evidence of their having been observed at light-stations every
year from 1887 to 1891 (inclusive), and also every year from
1894 to 1899; but only two years (1887 and 1889) furnish
instances earlier than November, which is probably the month
in which most Bramblings arrive.

As March is considered the usual date for this species
to depart from the British Isles, and Mr Howard Saunders
considers that “by the middle of March almost all have
returned to their northern breeding- grounds” (“ Manual,”
p. 185), we have here an interesting case of a bird which has
never been sent from a light-station when its spring migration
must be at the maximum. A somewhat similar fact was noted
of the Snow Bunting.

Nine species have been forwarded as having struck with the
Brambling, each of them on one occasion only. Seven (z.¢., the
Missel-Thrush, Song-Thrush, Fieldfare, Black Redstart, Meadow

Brambling.

Tree
Sparrow.

House
Sparrow.

WoG MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Pipit, Snow Bunting, and Reed Bunting) have struck with it in

November, and two (the Chiffchaff and Skylark) in April.

Of 7 wings measured, the percentage of variation in length
is somewhat greater than appeared from the measurement of
94 wings of the Thrush. ‘

Average leneth of wing, 3°58; longest, 3°75; shortest, 3°37;
difference between extremes, 0°37; percentage of variation, 103.

TREE SPARROW (Passer montanus, Linn.).

A bird of this species was once caught exhausted at the
Tuskar, October 22, 1896, and was sent in the flesh. The
light-keeper reports it to have come from the 8.E.

Its only known breeding stations in Ireland are in County
Dublin, where it is very local; but its migrational occurrence
on the Wexford coast is analogous to what has been observed
of other species whose breeding haunts are in more northerly
districts, the most remarkable instances being the Whinchat
and Yellow Wagtail.

A “Tree Sparrow” has been reported from the Tearaght,
October 28, 1892, but the identification may have been
erroneous. .

“Sparrows” have on a few other occasions been reported
from the Tuskar (March 1, 1883, and March 9, 1887), and
once from Coningbeg Light-ship (October 29, 1897). These
birds are as likely to have been of the present species as of the
next, the evidence in favour of the House Sparrow’s migration
being extremely meagre.

HovusE Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

A Sparrow found dead on Codling Bank Light-ship, County
Dublin, on November 5, 1893, is the only specimen received,
except from stations where the bird is resident.

The Sparrow is seldom reported from light-ships, but is said
to have previously been observed passing Codling Bank (March
17,1890). Arklow South Light-ship has once reported it in
May, and Coningbeg once in October.

From the Fastnet, Tuskar, and Maidens Light-houses about
six occurrences are reported, chiefly in spring ; but some of the

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 127

birds observed may have been Tree Sparrows. At Rockabill,
_ Sparrows are noted as “unusual visitors” during a great rush
of birds which occurred there in the first fortnight of November
1889; and large flocks have several times been reported in
autumn from the western isles, to which it may be supposed
that some of the mainland birds pay nomadic visits at that
season. There is, however, no reason to regard this species as
a regular migrant.

HAWFINCH (Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas).

Until 1897 no Hawfinch had been received from an Irish
light-station, but in the autumn of that year three specimens
were forwarded, all killed striking at stations on the Wexford
coast, between October 25 and November 4. The first, a male,
struck at Hook Tower, October 25; the second at Tuskar,
November 1; and the third at Hook Tower, November 4.

In 1898 a fourth specimen was received, caught striking at
Mine Head, Co. Waterford, on the night of November 10.

The only reported occurrence of this species was at Rockabill,
where one was caught striking on the morning of April 20,
1890.

The specimens obtained are too few to prove the route usually
adopted. There is, however, no evidence of any autumnal
occurrence at a station north of the Tuskar.

Three were weighed, and exhibited remarkably little varia-
tion, being all slightly under 2 ounces, the lightest falling short
of that weight by about 20 grains.

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

-The migration of the Greenfinch is chiefly observed in
October, November, and December, on the southern section of
the east coast. Fifteen specimens have been received from
light-stations, which were all killed during the last three
months of the year. Some of these, however, were certainly,
and others probably, shot; and only nine are known to have
struck the lanterns—eight on the Leinster coast from Coningbee
to Rockabill, and the remaining example at Blackrock (Mayo).

The observations relating to the Greenfinch number 173—a
little more than one-fifth the number recorded for the Chaffinch;

House
Sparrow.

Hawfinch,

Greenfinch.

7

128 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Greenfinch. and the specimens (excluding shot birds of both species) are
also a little more than one-fifth as many.

Observations. Specimens.

Chaffinch, . ) 5 } 786 41
Greenfinch, ! . 173 9

From this it may be inferred as prima facie probable that the
Chaffinches which visit us in autumn are about five times as
numerous as the immigrant Greenfinches, but this evidence is
by no means conclusive.

The period of maximum migration, measured by the observa-
tions, is approximately the same for both species, 2.¢., the latter
half of October and earlier half of November; but in the case
of the Greenfinch there is sometimes a considerable renewal in
December, and four of the nine specimens which were killed
striking were obtained in the latter half of that month. The
rest were obtained between October 28 and November 30, one
in October, three in the earlier half of November, and one in
the latter half of that month.

A few observations are on record for every month of the
year. Those for the half year from August to January (inclu-
sive) number 145, and those for the remaining half (February
to July) number 28. No specimens have been received in
spring. As in the case of the Chaffinch, there is some evidence
of a small immigratory movement at that season, but somewhat
later, Greenfinches having been noted going landwards in April
from Coningbeg Light-ship (April 15, 1886), Barrels Rock
Light-ship (April 29, 1887), Maidens (April 26, 1893, and
April 5, 1894), and Arklow North Light-ship (April 23, 1894).
In 1897 Mr J. Beahan reports from Arklow North Light-ship
as follows :—

“ April 20th, one Green Linnet died on deck; wind moderate
S.W., clear: 27th, two died on deck; wind light N.E., clear.
June 10th, one Yellow Water-Wagtail and two Green Linnets
going N.W. during forenoon; wind light 8., clear: 18th, one on
ship, died on deck; wind fresh N.W., clear.”

‘ This series of notes would show a curiously high rate of
mortality for birds starting on their migratory journey, and as
the only direction noted (on June 10) is landwards, there is
little reason to doubt that all these birds were arriving, and

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 129

that the four deaths enumerated were due to fatigue after a
long flight.

The whole number of observations for each month is as
follows :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug, Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
vay 2 7 14 2 2 1 3 7 46 44 34

The south coast records 38, the east 109, the north 5, and
the west 21. The proportion from each section is nearly the
same as in the case of the Chaffinch.

The Greenfinch, like the Chaffinch, is a frequent winter
visitant to the Tearaght, where some have once been observed
to remain until May 12 (1888). Shot specimens have been
received in autumn from both Tearaght and Skelligs. “Green
Linnets” were annually reported from the Fastnet for five
consecutive autumns (1884 to 1888), sometimes as striking in
numbers; but none have been noted from that station in recent
years, an omission probably due to oversight, or to the birds
being simply called “ Linnets.” The species has seldom been
noted from the islands of the Galway and Mayo coasts, but in
1896 a number are said to have visited Blackrock (Mayo) with
Starlings, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, and a few Thrushes, during
a fortnight of very cold weather from November 5th to 18th.
The Greenfinch is considered a regular winter visitant to
Innishtrahull (1893 “ Report,” p. 357), at which station, how-
ever, there is no record of its having ever struck the lantern.

Only one specimen of the Greenfinch has been sent with
other birds said to have struck during the same night. This
example was found dead at Rockabill, October 28, 1886, with a
Redwing, Chaffinch, and Dunlin.

Twelve wings measured exhibit very little variation in length.
Though the average exceeds that of the Chaffinch by ‘08, the
longest Greenfinch’s wing is less by ‘20 than the longest wing
of Fringilla celebs.

Average length of wing, 3°43; longest, 3°52; shortest, 3°32 ;
difference between extremes, 0°20; percentage of variation, 6.

GoLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Stephens).

As a migrant the Goldfinch is seldom observed or obtained,

but small numbers apparently cross the southern part of the
a

|

Greenfinch.

Goldfinch.

4

130 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Goldfinch. Channel in October, during the latter half of which month
specimens have been forwarded from Blackwater Bank Light-
ship (found dead, October 18, 1899), Lucifer Shoals Light-ship
(killed striking, October 21, 1898), and the Fastnet (killed
striking, October 30, 1897). Specimens have also been sent
from two mainland stations on the south coast—one found ©
dead at Old Head, Kinsale (October 15, 1889), and another
found dead at Hook Tower (November 9, 1892). A specimen
shot at Mine Head in February 1886 is the only other example
received.

Turning from specimens to observations, we find only eight
records from the east coast—Goldfinches being once reported
at Rockabill, once at Howth Baily (a mainland station), twice
at Codling Bank, and four times at Arklow North Light-ship.
Of these occurrences, all on the Dublin and Wicklow coast,
2 were in March, 1 in May, 3 in October, and 1 in November.

The south coast observations are nearly all from mainland-
stations, affording little evidence as regards migration. On the
Fastnet Rock, however, a Goldfinch is said to have been caught
on November 4, 1896—a date very closely corresponding with
that on which a specimen was killed striking at the same
station in the following year. ~

On the west coast the records are compare tee numerous,
but, with few exceptions, they are from islands on which the
Goldfinch breeds. Out of a total of 34 west coast observations,
11 are from Aranmore and 13 from Valencia, making 24 at
least from breeding-stations of the species, while 3 are from the
south island of Arran, where also it is reported to remain during
the spring. The remaining 7 may refer to birds which had
strageled from the mainland.

The north coast yields one record, from Innishtrahull, where
a Goldfinch is said to have been caught, May 6, 1895. It is
remarkable that no occurrence of this finch has been noted
from any light-station of the north and east coasts between
Innishtrahull and Rockabill, a distance of about 160 miles.

The specimens from Blackwater Bank and Lucifer Shoals

‘Light-ships were received alone, while the Fastnet specimen
was forwarded with a Ring-Ouzel, a Wren, and two Siskins,
obtained the same night, during a great rush of birds of various
species,

A)
Wr

i ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 131

The light-keepers consider it a very rare event for a Goldfinch,
ah to strike the lanterns; but, since the records and
‘specimens from two Wexford fieht ships and the Fastnet afford

instances of its having been killed or caught in four consecutive
-autumns (1896 to 1899), the inference seems to be warranted
that an annual immigration takes place.

The measurements of a large series of wings would probably
show a high percentage of variation, as among five specimens
received from Irish light-stations, the longest and shortest differ
_ by one-tenth of the average length.

_ Average length of wing, 3:00; longest, 3:175; shout 2°875 ;
difference between Gana, 0: 30; percentage of variation, 10.

SISKIN (Carduelts spinus, Linn.).

The light-house investigations fully bear out the character Siskin.
long ascribed to this species, of an extremely erratic and
irregular visitant. The autumns of 1887 and 1897 were dis-
tinguished by notable irruptions. Seven specimens were
obtained in 1887, six in 1897, and only one (October 1889) in
the whole remaining period, comprising the fourteen years
1884-86, 1888-96, and 1898-99,
It is curious that the Brambling should have been forwarded
in eight different years, and the Siskin in only three. The
latter is generally considered to be much the more frequent
winter visitant, and is known to breed in many counties.
The whole number of specimens received is thus 14. All
were obtained in autumn,—10 in October, 3 in November, and
1 in December.

Earliest, October 9, 1897, Skelligs.
Latest, December 3, 1887, Tuskar.

Nine were forwarded during the last fortnight of October,
which seems to have been the period of maximum migration
in both the “Siskin years.” Four of the seven received in
1887, four of the six received in 1897, and the solitary example
received in 1889, were obtained during this fortnight.

It is a singular fact that all the specimens are from southern
stations south of lat, 52° 13’, from Tearaght on the west coast, to

4

182 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

‘Siskin. Tuskar on the east. The following, are the numbers con-

tributed by each :—
1887. 1889. 1897. ‘Total.

Tearaght, 1 2 1
Skelligs, 2 1 3
Fastnet, ee 4 6
Coningbeg Tight ship + i 1
Tuskar, 1 1 1 3

a 1 6 14

SISKIN, 8.
BRAMBLING, B.

S 6=Six specimens of Siskin forwarded.
B 1=One specimen of Brambling forwarded.

So southerly a distribution is shown by only one other
species—the Pied Flycatcher—and is particularly remarkable
in the case of a northern-breeding bird like the Siskin. Like
the Brambling, the Siskin seems to arrive chiefly at the
southern light-stations—a very interesting fact, since both are
northern species, and breed in the sub-arctic pine forests.

Two of the fourteen specimens were shot (Tearaght and
Skelligs, October 19 and 24, 1887); the remaining twelve
struck the lanterns, or were found dead.

Siskins were said to have been observed at Rockabill (Novem-
ber 7, 1887), Arklow South Light-ship (April 10, 1891), and

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 133

Codling Bank Light-ship (April.3, 1892, and October 27,
1897), but specimens were not obtained. A pair were noted
at Tearaght on April 30, 1889, and two birds answering to the
description of this species were seen at Slyne Head, November
1, 1887. The only other observation reported is of a non-
migrational character.

If all the above observations are correct, they show that the
Siskin’s occurrences on migration are not so strictly confined
to southern parts of our coast as the specimens would indicate.
In estimating the chances of error, however, some account
should be taken of the fact that scarcely any of the received
specimens were correctly identified by the light-keepers.
Eleven of the fourteen were sent as “ unknown,’—and one as a
Greenfinch. A bird sent as a Siskin turned out to be a Corn
Bunting! It is therefore as well to await corroboration as to
all alleged occurrences where specimens were not sent.

On October 26, 1889, a Siskin struck at the Tuskar in a
tush of birds, consisting chiefly of the species which are most
common on migration at that season (Thrush, Redwing,
Blackbird, Lark, Starling, and Chaffinch); but in 1887, the
only bird forwarded as having struck with the Siskin was a
Stonechat; while in 1897 the species sent with it were the
Ring-Ouzel, Wren, and Goldfinch (Fastnet, October 30), and
the Hawfinch (Tuskar, November 1).

The variation in the length of the wing is large for the
number of specimens.

Average length of wing, 2°85; longest, 3:00; shortest, 2°57;
difference between extremes, 0°42; percentage of variation, 15.

Meaty Reppou. (Linota linaria, Linn., var. rostrata, Coues).

This large race or sub-species of the Mealy Redpoll, whose
natural habitat is Greenland, was first obtained as an Irish bird
on the Tearaght Rock, Kerry, from which seven examples have
been forwarded, all in autumn. They were shot on the follow-

ing dates :—
One, September 19, 1889.

One, » 20, 1890.
Two, i 25, 1892.
One, 26, 1892.

”
One, October 18, 1892.
One, November 15, 1893.

Siskin.

Mealy
Redpoll.

Mealy

Redpoll.

134 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Another, said to have been shot Ogtober 10, 1890, was not
forwarded.

Dr Sharpe, who examined two of the specimens shot in 1892,
referred them to L. rostrata. The wing of the largest measures
3'325 inches, and that of the smallest 3:125; whereas the wing
of the typical Lonota linaria measures, according to Yarrell —
(4th edition), only 2°750, or according to “Saunders’s Manual,”
2/900.

That the west coast of Ireland is the most natural part
of the British Islands to receive an immigration of birds
from Greenland is sufficiently evident from its geographical
position; but it is, at the same time, difficult to account for a
little finch like Linota rostrata undertaking so long a flight, «.,
900 miles.

Since 1893 no Redpolls have been received from the
Tearaght. In 1898, however, one which had been shot in the
first week of January was forwarded from Innishtrahull. This
bird is not so large as the Tearaght examples, its wing measur-
ing only 3-050 inches, but this is considerably in excess of the
average for typical L. lanaria.

A Mealy Redpoll is reported to have been observed on the
Tearaght as late as April 22,1893. This is the only instance
in which it has been mentioned in spring. It is not, however,
improbable that a “Redpole” noted on Blackrock (Mayo) on
April 27, 1887, was of this species.

Considering the length of the journey which these birds may
have taken, it is remarkable that none of them appear to have
exhibited any signs of exhaustion, nor has a specimen ever been
obtained striking the lantern.

The small percentage of variation favours the view that all
the eight specimens belong to the same large race, to which
two of them were referred by Dr Sharpe.

Average length of wing, 3'278; longest, 3°325; shortest,
3°050; difference between extremes, 0:275 ; percentage of varia-
tion, 8.

[Obs—The Lesser Redpoll (Linota rufescens, Vieillot) has

‘never been received from a light-station; and none of the few

references to “Redpoles” (eg., Rockabill, July 5, 1885, and
April 7, 1886; and Blackrock, Mayo, April 27, 1887) can with
any confidence be referred to this species. ]

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 135

Linnet (Linota cannabina, Linn.).

It is not easy to arrive at any satisfactory conclusion from the Linnet.

evidence regarding the Linnet. In every Report issued since
the commencement of this inquiry in 1881, “ Linnets” have been
mentioned with extraordinary frequency; yet not until 1890
was a single specimen of this common bird received from a
light-station. A few others have since been forwarded, but

the disparity between the numbers of observations and of

specimens is still immense; and the question presents itself,
whether we must find the clue to this disproportion in a whole-
sale misapplication of the name “Linnet” to various other
species, or accept the alternative explanation that Lzinota
cannabina, though migrating every year on a vast scale, very
rarely kills itself against the lanterns.

There can be no doubt that the name “ Linnet” is frequently
applied to the Twite, and that when the epithet “Grey” is not

_ prefixed, it sometimes signifies the Greenfinch. The Reed
Bunting, though more commonly styled “ Blackcap,” has been
sent as a Linnet, and similar mistakes are probably of occa-
sional occurrence with regard to many species. But these are
scarcely sufficient to explain the whole discrepancy.

The number of reported observations of “ Linnets ”—exclud-
ing all “Green Linnets,” “ Mountain Linnets,” “ Moss Linnets,”
“Scotch Linnets,” and similar dubious items—amounts to 795,
a total slightly in excess of that recorded for the Chaffinch
(786); whereas the number of specimens forwarded of the
Chaffinch is 47, and of the Linnet only 8.

If, therefore, the observations are even approximately correct,
it seems to follow that we receive as large an immigration of
this species as of the Chaffinch; but this is an inference which
few will be disposed to accept.

The observations from three adjacent stations compare as

follows :—
Chaffinch. Linnet.

Coningbeg Light-ship, ‘ . £893 82
Barrels Rock Light-ship, sug hb 71 -
Tuskar, . é : 113 8

The extraordinary variation of the proportions in these three
cases amounts to almost positive proof that some error has
occurred, and that either Chaffinches have been largely reported

a

Linnet.

136 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

as “Linnets” from Barrels Rock, or Linnets as “Chaffinches”
from the Tuskar. There is not the slightest ground for suspect-
ing the truth of the latter alternative, and we may therefore
conclude that the Chaffinch has, at one station at least, done
extensive duty as “Linnet.” As it is scarcely probable that
such an error, continued over a number of years, could have
been confined to one light-ship, the evidence in favour of a large
immigration of Linnets into Ireland seems to be materially
weakened by this conclusion.

* The Tuskar observations, however, cannot be taken as quite
accurate, since they would make the Linnet on migration even
less frequent (as compared with the Chaffinch) than the speci-
mens show to be the case. We should probably add to the
eight observations of “ Linnets” at this station, fifteen observa-
tions of “Twites,’ since (as will be shown under the next
species) no Twite has ever been received from that part of the
coast. This would make a total of twenty-three observations
referable to the present species—a little more than one-sixth
the number relating to the Chaffinch, and so almost propor-
tional to the number of specimens.

It is interesting to note that all the legs and wings forwarded
are from stations between Hook Tower and Codling Bank
Light-ship—two from the first-named station, one from Coning-
beg Light-ship, four from Blackwater Bank, and one from
Codling Bank. All these were either killed striking the
lanterns or died on light-ships. Their limited distribution
contrasts curiously with the wide range of the reported
occurrences, which are noted from every part of the coast.
There is also a remarkable contrast between the present and
the next species as regards their migrational distribution, for
whereas the Linnet has been received only from light-stations
on the south and east coasts, the Twite has been sent only from
those on the north and west.

Of the eight specimens, seven occurred in autumn and winter,
while one struck in spring (Hook Tower, March 27, 1892).
The earliest in autumn was found dead on Blackwater Bank
Light-ship, October 26, 1897; the latest was found on the
same light-ship’s deck, January 12, 1894. Only one was
obtained in October and one in November; while four were
killed in December and one in January. The period from

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 187

December 12 to January 12 has yielded five of the seven Linnet.
autumnal examples.

LINNET, L.
TWITE, T.

L 4=Four specimens of Linnet forwarded.
T 2=Two By Twite aS

On the other hand, the months which furnish the largest
number of reported observations are October (187) and Novem-
ber (132), December coming third with 102, and March fourth
with 96.

These figures, however, possess little or no value, as there is
reason to believe that errors in identification are much more
numerous in the case of the Linnet than of any other species.

Of nine wings measured (including one without data, possibly
shot at Mine Head) the variation is remarkably slight.

Average length of wing, 3°136; longest, 3:200; shortest,
3050; difference between extremes, 0°150; percentage of
variation, 44.

Twite (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

The only stations from which the Twite has been forwarded Twite.
are Innishtrahull, Killybegs, Rathlin O’Birne, and the Tearaght ;

Twite.

138 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

three of these being in Donegal, and the last in Kerry. In
only one instance is it known to have been obtained through
striking the lantern, 1.¢., at Killybegs, January 10, 1892, in
extremely severe weather. On the island of Innishtrahull
an example was caught, probably exhausted, on the 1st of
December 1899. The other examples, six in number, may
have been shot, as is stated to have been the case with one
sent from the Tearaght, October 30, 1888. Of a total of 8
specimens received, 1 was killed in September, 1 in October,
3 in November, 1 in December, 1 in January, and 1 in April.
The September and October birds are from the Tearaght—to
which island the Twite is apparently a regular winter visitant
—while those obtained in the remaining months are from
Donegal.

There is no reliable evidence of the Twite’s occurrence on
migration outside the limited range which these eight specimens
indicate, except in the case of a few observations made by
Mr M‘Carron on Copeland (Mew) Island in the autumns of
1889 and 1890. Between the dates of August 29 and
December 22, Mr M‘Carron seven times noted large or small
parties of Twites, sometimes mixed with Linnets, on this
island, and on November 29, 1899, his report states that “a
large flock came from sea and passed towards shore.” These
would in all probability be immigrants from the Scottish coast.

At the Tuskar, “ Twites” were somewhat frequently mentioned
during the years 1887-90, but have not been noted since; while
Linnets, from the date of one dubious record—“ Linnets or
Twites””—on October 17, 1887, cease to be noted at all until
1896, though in previous years they had several times been
reported at that station. The most probable explanation is
that the same birds have been differently designated by
different light-keepers, and the records should either be dis-
regarded or referred to the Linnet.

We have thus very meagre evidence of the Twite’s migration,
but, such as it is, it tends to show that this species crosses the
northern part of the Channel into Ireland during October,
November, and December, and is observed at that season—
sometimes in considerable flocks—on islands of the northern
part of the coast, from Copeland to Rathlin O’Birne. It is
uncertain whether the birds which visit the Tearaght in winter

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 139

are immigrants from over sea or wanderers from the mountains
of Kerry. The only station between Tearaght and Rathlin
O’Birne from which the Twite has been reported is Blackrock
(Mayo), where a flock is said to have appeared, October 21, 1887 ;
but there can be no doubt that this bird and the Linnet are
freely confounded, and Twites probably visit all the islands of
the west coast during the autumnal migration.

The general result of the data respecting this and the previous
species may thus be summarised :—

Linnet—A late autumnal immigrant to south and east coast,
crossing Channel at its southern extremity.

Twite—An autumnal immigrant to north and west coast, crossing
Channel at its northern extremity.

The longest wing measured is shorter by ‘075 than the
shortest Linnet’s or Mealy Redpoll’s.

Average length of wing (adult), 2°92 ; longest, 2°975 ; shortest,
2°875; difference between extremes, 0°10; percentage of
variation, 4.

[O0bs.—The Bullfinch (Pyrrhula europea, Vieillot) has never
been received from a light-station, and it is doubtful whether
this species migrates at all.

The occasional references to “ Bullfinches”’ are in some cases
undoubtedly erroneous, as in that of a series of entries from the
Tuskar in 1882, where they are noted as “ constantly striking ”
on various dates from July to October, and are described as
“birds like the Green Linnet, but more white on the outside of
the wing.” There can be little doubt that these were Chaf-
finches, especially as that species was not mentioned by name
from the Tuskar in 1882. Again, in April 1892, a “great rush
of Chiffchaffs, Wheatears, and Bullfinches” is noted from the
same station; and “ Bullfinches all night, several killed,” are
once more reported from the Tuskar in October 1895; but
reference to the notes under “Chaffinch” for those two years
will show that in both cases the Tuskar omits all mention of
that species. Supposed Bullfinches have been reported in
about fifteen other instances [at Fastnet, Hook Tower, Coning-
beg Light-ship, Arklow South Light-ship, Codling Bank Light-
ship, Rockabill, Maidens (twice), Innishtrahull (twice), Rathlin
O’Birne, Blackrock, Mayo (twice), Slyne Head, and South

Twite.

Twite.

Crossbill.

Starling.

140 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Arran Island]; but in no case has any: confirmation come to
hand, though the light-keepers’ attention has been specially
drawn to the desirableness of obtaining some definite evidence
regarding this bird. It cannot, therefore, be classed as migratory
in Treland.]

CROSSBILL (Lowia curvirostra, Linn.).

A young example of the Crossbill, the only specimen received
from an Irish light-station, was caught on Coningbeg Light-ship,
September 4, 1898.

A large incursion of Crossbills into Ireland is believed to
have taken place in the year 1888, since which date these birds
have been much more numerous in the country than formerly;
and it is singular that none should have been obtained, or
even observed at light-houses or light-ships, until the autumn
of 1898.

The wing of the immature specimen from Coningbeg
measures 3°57 inches, or 0°22 less than ,the average given
in “Saunders’s Manual” for that of an adult bird.

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

The Starling is the most numerously observed, and probably
the most common of all migratory birds at Irish light-stations.
It has been known to strike the lanterns in every month
of the year, June and the earlier half of July being the only
period in which such occurrences can be considered exceptional.
There is reason to believe that the south-east coast witnesses
an annual movement in the last week of July, for, though it is
not recorded every year, the dates of the various entries coincide
so closely as to indicate that the migration is a regular one.
Thus at the Tuskar, Starlings are reported as striking on
July 26, 1884, July 28, 1886, July 30, 1894, and July 29,
1895. In 1895 both Blackwater Bank and Rockabill reported
them on the night of July 30, and a specimen (a bird of the
year) was sent from the latter station. From Blackwater Bank
a specimen was received in 1894, killed striking, July 25. As
all these birds occurred at night, their direction could not be
ascertained ; but a few observations made by day at the same
season evidently relate to arriving birds. Some were seen

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 141

going N.W. at the Tuskar, July 27, 1894, and a similar land- Starling.
ward direction was taken by two which rested on Lucifer

Shoals Light-ship, August 3, 1897. A flock was also reported

going §.W. at the Maidens, August 1, 1885.

The July and early August observations appear to relate
mainly to immature birds, but it is possible that an immigration
of adults has occasionally set in as early as August 25. On
that date in 1894, Starlings were reported “all night” at the
Tuskar, and at the same station they were “constantly striking”
on the night of August 31, 1882; while on August 26, 1885,
one was killed striking at Rathlin O’Birne. There is, however,
no evidence as to whether these were young or old birds, as no
specimens have been received in August; and the earliest
September example forwarded, disabled striking at South Arran,
bears date September 19, 1889.

The great autumnal inrush of Starlings takes place in
October and November, and is generally at its height in the last
ten days of the former month. The number of observations for
each month and section of the coast are given below, and from
these it will be seen that while November shows the highest
total number, October is the month of most records on the east
and south coasts, where the direct immigratory movement is
witnessed.

Jan. | Feb. |} Mar.!April] May.| June|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dee. | Total.

South Coast,} 20} 31] 47] 5] 1 1 noe a! 7 |139|109} 26] 3888
East =f 106| 107/134] 59 | 10} 91] 17 | 4 | 16 | 314) 809 | 157 | 1242

North ,, Bt aie | ae ok ll et | | ie, oF Tepes

West a 25) 18) 18} 5 6 ty (eee ene 8 | 80/122] 42] 322

157 | 158) 210| 72 | 21 | 11-| 18 | 7 | 31 | 551 567 | 237 2040

In most years the autumnal movement has been strongly
marked during some short period, varying from four to ten days
in length, in which Starlings have been simultaneously reported
as striking round the greater part of the coast. In 1883 such
a period occurred from October 26th to 31st, between which
dates we find notes of the birds striking at Fastnet, Kinsale,
Coningbeg, Barrels Rock, Tuskar, Arklow South, Arklow North,

Starling.

| E42 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Kish Bank, Rockabill, Rathlin Island, Imnishtrahull, and South
Arran. In 1887 the principal rush was considerably later, the
nights on which most Starlings struck being from November
10th to 15th, and the stations which reported them between
those dates were Fastnet, Mine Head, Coningbeg, Barrels Rock,
Tuskar (“countless numbers” on 10th, 11th, 12th, and 14th),
Arklow South, Arklow North, Rockabill, Innishtrahull, Dunree
Head, Broadhaven, Blackrock (Mayo), Slyne Head, and Skelligs.
In 1888 a rush prevailed all round the coast between the 4th
and 10th of November, being noted at Fastnet, Barrels Rock,
Tuskar, Lucifer Shoals, Blackwater Bank, Arklow South, Ark-
low North, Kish Bank, Copeland, Blackrock (Mayo), Slyne
Head, South Arran, and Tearaght. In 1889, the period from
November 11th to 18th was signalised by rushes at Coningbeg,
Tuskar, Arklow South Light-ship, Kish Bank, Rockabill, South
Rock Light-ship, Copeland, Maidens, and Blackrock (Mayo).
In 1891, the night of October 27 was marked by Starlings
striking at Coningbeg, Barrels Rock, Blackwater Bank, and
Arklow South Light-ships, Rockabill, Maidens, and Innishtra-
hull. It would be superfluous to multiply instances further.
We may take it as probable that throughout the whole period
from mid-October to mid-November the immigration of Star-
lings is uninterruptedly in progress, and that whenever during
that period the nights are dark! and foggy round a large extent of
coast, a correspondingly large number of light-house and light-
ship lanterns are likely to be struck by crowds of bewildered
birds. It would therefore be a mistake to infer that migration
is each year at its maximum on the dates of the greatest reported
rushes.

Adding the observations for fifteen years ending 1897, we
find that on the south and east coasts the figures for each ten-
days’ period in October and November are as follows :—

October 1-10, 42. i November 1-10, 208.
SEAN TMD >... ote
a Peal. OCs » 21-80, 80.

The specimens give a still more marked predominance to
the last ten days of October; but in the case of this species

1 Four (1883, ’87, ’88, and ’91) of the above rushes were during the first and
fourth quarters of the moon,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 143

they are of less value than the observations, being dispropor-
tionately few in number. The light-keepers probably consider
this bird too common to be worth sending. The numbers for
each of the above six periods are :—

October 1-10, 3. November 1-10, 2.
eo TIO: 6 Z 11-20, 5.
¥ 21-31, 15. - 21-30, 2.

Throughout the winter, Starlings show a constant tendency

to pass westwards, especially on every renewal of cold weather,
and it is probably a result of this tendency that the west coast
observations for November largely outnumber those for October.
The flight in this direction does not always cease even when the
Atlantic is reached. For example, on October 31, 1886, and
again on the following day, we find the curious record of “ several
thousand going W.” from Eagle Island, Co. Mayo—a remarkable
instance of that class of movement referred to in the Preface to
the same year’s Report as being “apparently as reckless as that
of the Lemmings.” When the cold becomes intense, great
multitudes throng the western islands, and numbers of the
birds perish there. In February 1895 the light-keeper on
Clare Island reports: “Skylarks, Starlings, and Thrushes came
to island during the hard frost and snow this month, and mostly
all died from hunger and cold.” Corroborative details are
furnished from Samphire Island, where Mr Dunleavy was then
stationed. On February 7, “vast numbers of Starlings, Sky-
larks, Thrushes, and Redwings” were noted going 8. all day, in
heavy snow. ‘ “The island was literally covered with them rest-
ing on it, and at times they would darken the sky.” Next day
they were still going 8.: “One continuous flight; they were all
very exhausted, and numbers of Starlings fell. I never saw
such a constant rush of birds.” On the 9th, great numbers
were noted resting; on the 11th and 12th, numbers dead; on
the 13th, “It is pitiful to see the hundreds of birds dead and
dying all about the island, particularly Starlings; the sea is
also covered with them, and Gulls feeding on them, although
vast numbers of Gulls have died.” A landward movement of
Starlings had been noted at several east coast stations on the
28th and 29th of January previous to this great westward
rush; but during the climax of the severe weather (February

Starling.

Starling.

14h : MIGRATION OF BIRDS

6th to 14th), no such immigration seems to have been in pro-
gress. The bulk of the refugees had therefore probably been
wintering on the Irish mainland.

The observations show that there is a spring migration in
February and March, during which months a considerable
number are killed at the lanterns; but, as in the case of the
Thrush and Lark, there is a lack of direct evidence to show
whether these night migrants are our winter guests depart-
ing, or others of the same species coming to breed. A
presumption in favour of the latter hypothesis is raised
by the fact that the Fieldfare and Redwing, which do not
breed within our area at all, scarcely ever strike the lanterns
in spring, while it is chiefly such winter visitors as the
Thrush, Blackbird, Skylark, and Starling—all members of
our breeding fauna—that have been sent in any appreci-
able number from light-stations at that season. Again,
that there is an immigration of Starlings in spring seems to
be established, as in the cases of the Thrush and Lark, by the
notes which record the direction of the flight, when this is
observed by day. These show that the flight, when seen at
light-stations, is generally towards the land, in spring as well
as in autumn. The directions noted on the south, east, and
north coasts from January to May are as follows :—

Landward. | Seaward. Coasting.
January, . : , ’ 39 1 3
February, . 3 : : 17 5 2
March, . 3 ; ; 19 9 6
April, ‘ : ; ; 4 1
May, s : 4 . 2
veto! 16 11

The cases of the Thrush and Lark, however, are not altogether
parallel to that of the Starling. In all three instances the
observations seem to show that a landward movement takes
place in spring, and that it is more numerously observed at
light-stations than the seaward flight, which we know must

‘

—s-- -— ~~ S =

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 145

occur about the same season. But in the cases of the Thrush
and Lark we had practically no evidence of the seaward or
emigratory flight being seen at all. This is not quite so in the
instance of the present species. Fifteen seaward to 40 land-
ward flights of the Starling are noted in February, March, and
April. For the Thrush, during the same period, 2 seaward and
32 landward flights were recorded; for the Lark, 11 seaward
and 79 landward. Moreover, the instances in which Starlings
have been noted flying out to sea, though few in actual number,
show more of the character of emigration than do -similar
records for either of the two other species. This is particularly
the case with the records for the spring of 1887.

In that season a remarkable movement certainly occurred on
the nights of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of March. It was noticed at
five stations—Fastnet, Mine Head, Barrels Rock, Tuskar, and
Arklow South Light-ship. The daily weather charts show that
at this period anti-cyclonic conditions (favourable to migration)
prevailed over the British Isles, accompanied by heavy fogs at
sea. The following notes were made by Mr Dunleavy at the
Fastnet :—

“February 28th, hundreds of Starlings from 10 P.M. to 6 A.M.
around light ; wind light S.W., hazy; none killed or captured.
March ist, numbers from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M, heard overhead;
wind light 8.W., clear; seemed to go S.: 2nd, numbers striking,
1am. to 4 A.M.; hazy, wind light S., none killed: 3rd, numbers
about light, 3 A.M. to 4 A.M.; wind light S.W., hazy. While
on shore from 11th to 18th February,I saw large flocks of
Starlings congregating every evening about sunset, and flying S.
The same thing occurred from 2nd to 9th March.”

The notes from other stations are as follows :—

“ Mine Head.—March Ist, 2nd, and 3rd, Starlings striking
occasionally at night; fine, wind S. and S.E.; flocks in the
fields.”

“ Barrels Rock Light-ship—On night of March Ist, from
8 P.M. to 2 A.M.; and on 2nd, from 9 P.M. to 1 A.M, flocks passing
to S.L.: 9th, flocks going S. 7.30 P.M. to 9 P.M.; wind light, clear:
22nd, a few going S. at noon; wind fresh W., clear.”

“ Tuskar.—March 2nd, fourteen on balcony, 10 P.M. to 4 A.M.;
three killed striking; wind light N., hazy: 3rd, an immense
number about lantern all night; calm, hazy; ten killed striking.”

Starling.

Starling.

146 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

“ Arklow South Light-ship.—Februaxy 28th, flock going N.£., |

6PM. March 2nd and 3rd, about lantern, midnight to 4 A.M;
two killed striking; cloudy.”

Here we see strong evidence of a departing movement, pro-
ceeding southwards from Fastnet, south and south-eastwards
from Barrels Rock Light-ship, and north-eastwards from
Arklow South Light-ship, on the same nights; while it is
shown that Starlings were also striking on those nights at

Mine Head and Tuskar, on the same part of the coast-line, and

presumably migrating in the same direction. The evidence
adduced of the birds setting out at sunset is of particular
interest, because, though we might expect this to be the case,
there is very little direct information on the subject.

In the spring of 1892 there were also a few observations of
departing Starlings. On February 16th, some were noted at
the Tuskar going 8.E.; on February 25th, flocks at Blackwater
Bank Light-ship, likewise going 8.E.; on March 18th, two
which had been caught striking at the Maidens during the
previous night were liberated and flew N.E. There were,
however, a larger number of landward movements recorded
within the same period.

The above quoted notes, though meagre, point to the latter
part of February and the beginning of March as the time of
the Starling’s departure. We may infer that this generally
takes place by night. In clear weather it seems to escape
detection; but during a continuous spell of fog or thick haze
the birds are unable to avoid the lanterns, besides which, in
such weather, they possibly fly lower, and thus are more liable
to be seen or heard, even when not striking.

The migration of this species appears to be more numerously
observed at the Tuskar than at any other station, and it is much
more dense on the Wexford coast than further northwards.
This is shown by the numbers of observations respectively
noted at the eight principal east coast stations (adding to each
its average proportion for any year in which it contributed no
report) —

MGT te 265 | Codling Bank Light-ship,. 158
Blackwater Bank iene ship, 246 | Rockabill, . : . 1
Arklow South Light-ship, . 211 | South Rock Tish -ship, . 47

Arklow North Light-ship, . 167 Maidens, . : ‘ » TGS

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 147

These figures should be contrasted with those obtained for the

Skylark, in whose case the same eight stations were similarly
compared, with the result that the proportion was found to
be practically uniform along the whole of the east coast.

On the south coast, observations similarly diminish west-
ward. Coningbeg Light-ship contributes 161, Fastnet 60, and
Tearaght 52.

There is, however, no station of any note at which this species
has not struck. Specimens, killed striking, have been received
from four west coast light-houses—North and South Arran, the
Tearaght, and the Bull Rock; and instances of striking have
been reported from Aranmore, Blackrock (Mayo), Killybegs,
Rathlin O’Birne, Oyster Island, Eagle Island, Slyne Head, and
the Skelligs. In some seasons, indeed, Starlings appear to have
struck somewhat numerously on the north and west coasts.
Thus in the autumn of 1887, between October 16 and
November 12, they were reported as striking at Innishtrahull,
Dunree Head, Tory Island, Aranmore, Rathlin O’Birne, Killy-
begs, Blackrock (Mayo), Slyne Head, and South Arran. The
light-house on the South Island of Arran appears to be struck
every autumn, generally about the end of October, since such
occurrences are noted in each of the nine years for which that
station has sent reports. In five of those years Starlings are said
to have been killed striking on either October 30, October 31, or
November 1. As many as thirty are said to have been killed
here on the night of October 20,1890. Few of our migrants
strike, except at irregular intervals, on this part of the coast.

The area over which the Starling strikes is less extensive in
spring than in autumn. The contrast is made apparent when
we compare the county distribution of 33 specimens received
in-October and November with that of 20 received in February
and March.

Cork, .
Waterford,

Oct.-Nov. Feb.-March.

19

=
@
ps
7h
°
S
a
—

°
EI
5
DR Re eK bo -1T OD

ww
wo

20

Starling.

Starling.

Chough.

148 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

In April a specimen has been sept from Arklow North
Light-ship, Co. Wicklow, and in May one from Codling Bank
Light-ship, Co. Dublin. The total number of specimens
received in the four spring months (February to May) is 26,
of which 23 were from Wexford stations. The total received
in the four autumnal months (September to December) is 45,
of which Wexford contributed 24 and other counties 21.

The latest specimen received in spring (with data) is the
example from Codling Bank Light-ship, found dead May 5, 1899.

From the measurements of the wings, it appears that the
longer-winged specimens are obtained first, at both seasons of
migration.

Of 42 obtained in autumn (September-December)—

21 earliest (September 19 to October 29) average ~oS'125

21 latest (October 30 to December 31) z =. S085
Of 23 obtained in spring (February-May)—

12 earliest (February 4 to March 12) average . PR iyi

11 latest (March 13 to May 5), = $ . aD OEKD

It will be seen that the difference is much more pronounced
in autumn than in spring. '

Average length of wing, 5:08; longest, 5:40; shortest, 482;
difference between extremes, 0°57; percentage of variation, 11}.

CuHouGH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

This species is chiefly reported from stations in the vicinity
of which it breeds, such as Rathlin and Tory Islands,
Aranmore, Rathlin O’Birne, the Arran Isles, Tearaght,
Skelligs, Bull Rock, Old Head (Kinsale), Mine Head, and
Dungarvan. Pairs have occasionally been noted at Innish-
trahull (April 18, 1888, August 18, 1888, and November 6,
1891), and from one to two birds on Blackrock (Mayo),
March 31, 1888, October 20, 1886, and November 19,
1889. On some of the western islands an increase of its
numbers is observed during winter. This is the case on the
Tearaght, where Mr M‘Carron, in 1885, reported that all except
the breeding birds had gone by April 1, and Mr F. Ryan, in
1886, made a similar observation on March 25. On Slyne
Head, five seen on October 24, 1889, were noted as “the first
this season”; and at the same station, on November 8, 1888,
occurs the entry, “three came at night, none killed,” words

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 149

which might be taken as implying that the birds were observed
about the lantern, though this is not stated. Legs and wings
have been received of two shot specimens, and of one whose
remains were found at a Peregrine’s feeding-place—all on the
west coast. On the east coast references to the Chough are
very rare, and previous to 1895 consisted of two observations,
of single birds only, in winter, from St John’s Point, Down.

In 1895, however, a “ Red-legged Jackdaw” was mentioned
as having rested on the rail of Arklow North Light-ship on
February 9, going W. This was during a very severe spell of
snow and frost (see under Starling, p. 143), and the bird may
have been compelled to migrate by stress of weather; but it is
remarkable that three similar instances are reported from the
same station in subsequent years, viz., on June 10, 1896 (“two
Red-legged Jackdaws going N.W.”), April 13, 1897 (“one
supposed Red-legged Jackdaw rested for a time on ship’s rail,
going W.”), and June 22, 1897 (“two Red-legged Jackdaws
going W. at 11 a.M.”).

These are the only occasions on which this species has been
reported from a light-ship.

As the Chough is not now known to breed in the east of
Ireland, the above observations, if correct, seem to show an
occasional migration across the Channel; but before any of
the east coast records of this species are accepted, it is most
desirable that specimens should be produced.

Although the bulk of the observations have no reference to
migration, they are more frequent in November and April, and
less so in September than in any other months. There are 68
for the half-year November to April, and 45 for the half-year
May to October.

-Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
Smee TOES TAGS jie We Ogt OPRle FylOgis 14s
These figures corroborate the statements of the Tearaght and
Slyne Head light-keepers, previously quoted, to the effect that
local movements of this species take place about the beginning
of April and beginning of November.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

There is no evidence to show that the Raven is a migrant.
It is frequently noted at light-stations round the western part

Chough.

Raven.

Raven.

Hooded
Crow.

150 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

of the coast, where its breeding-haunts are situated, and so
large a number as thirty-six Ravens are said to have been seen
together on Blackrock (Mayo) on May 23, 1882; but round the
eastern side of Ireland, from Hook Tower to Rathlin, observa-
tions of this species are remarkably few, and seldom free from
some suspicion of error. In two instances Ravens are said to
have been observed at light-ships, one going E. from Arklow N.,
October 17, 1894, and one going N.E. from Coningbeg, November
18, 1896. In the case of so wide-ranging a bird, these notes
would be insufficient to establish migration, even if their
correctness could be ascertained.

The number of observations relating to this species does not
vary much from season to season, except that such notes are
fewer in June and July than at other times. :

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
12 9 16 9 O10 14 7 5 10 16 Lines 14. 142

HoopepD Crow (Corvus corm).

Though a common bird on the Irish coast, the Hooded Crow
has only once been reported from the Tuskar (one going N.W.,
April 7, 1884), and never from the Maidens; while the only
light-ships at which it has been noted are Blackwater Bank
(four going N.W., March 28, 1897) and Arklow North, at
which last-named station it appears to have been observed five
times, generally going towards land, in the months of February,
April, June, October, and November. It is possible that some
of these occurrences were migrational, but the evidence is
insufficient for proof, not more than five birds having been
observed together on any of the occasions referred to. Still
less value can be attached to notices of this bird from
other stations, since nearly all, including the Fastnet, are
frequently visited by it in quest of food. The number of
observations recorded for each month is as follows :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
7 14 21 4] 11 10 11 12 12 23 18 22 202

* From the fact of the bird being so much oftener noted in
April than in any other month, it appears probable that many

pairs which nest in the sea-cliffs range inland during the rest
of the year.

P
.
2
>
:

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 151

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

A spring migration of the Rook is observed at. our east Rook.
coast stations in March and April, during which months small
parties are frequently seen flying westward past the Tuskar
and the Wexford and Wicklow light-ships. In most years the
beginnings of this movement have been noted between the 18th
and 22nd of March, and it generally appears to cease at some
date between the 17th and 22nd of April. There is also an
autumnal movement, which, so far as the east coast is con-
cerned, is less noticeable than the spring one, and is chiefly
in the same direction; but, as will presently be seen, the
autumnal movements sometimes noted on the west coast may
even be described as phenomenal.

The number of observations for each month, on each section
of the coast, is as follows :—

Jan, | Feb. | Mar. agai May.|June| July Aug.|Sept. Oct. Nov.| Dec. | Total.

—. eS | aa Sa ee = aoe =
memch Coast, | 2 | 2/15 | 19) 3) 3)...)... | 8] 4]. 949] 69
East ,, SF 651) SSP ii | 2) 3') 8] sf at | BLP Te | 296
North _,, re | k| Bt: We 81,8 | 4) 5 | Fee AZ. Ge
West __,, 6| 8| 7| 14) 8}] 8| 7] 6/14] 28] 59] 13 | 178
Total, ‘16 | 18 | 92 |102/ 27 | 22/15 | 13 | 25 | 60 |106| 43 | 539°

|

From this table, it is at once apparent that the cross-Channel
movement is greatest in spring. With a view to eliminating
all possibly non-migrational records, the observations from the
light-ships may be taken by themselves to illustrate the same
fact :1—

Light-ship Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ‘Total.
Observations 4 3 49 2 a | a | LAD AG 68 15g

The direction of the flight has been noted in 306 instances,—
a larger proportion than for any other species dealt with. In
230 of these instances the direction reported is landward, in 47
it is seaward, and in 29 is more or less parallel to the coast.

1 All the light-ships are situated on the Wexford, Wicklow, Dublin, and
Down coast-line, Most of them are six to eight miles from shore.

Rook.

152 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Generally speaking, it may be said that the usual direction is
N. or N.E. on the south coast, N.W."on the southern part of
the east coast, W. on the northern part of the east coast, and 8.
on the north coast. No general rule can be laid down for
the west coast, the movements there being of a different
character.

The flights observed on the south and east coasts, as regards
direction, may conveniently be tabulated together, a decided
majority of the south coast movements being at stations near
its eastern extremity—Coningbeg and Barrels Rock Light-ships.

Direction noted on S. and E. Coasts.

Landwards. | Seawards. | Coasting. |

| January, . : : 4 es 1

February, . : 8 aa ee
March, . . : J 56 8 6 |
April, ; : , : 48 10 3
May, . 8 2
June, : : : 2 1
July,. : . ; ol haere)
August, 2 he
September, iegie es 1 au ma
October, . ; ; 12 2 2
November, ; : ; 21 ate

| December, : ? : 9 3

| 174 26 13

On the north coast nearly all the notes regarding direction
(16 out of 21) are from Rathlin Island. Here the movements
seem to be even more uniformly landward than on the south
and east coasts, 19 (7 in spring and 12 in autumn) being
towards the shore, while only: 2 in spring are seawards.

On the west coast the ordinary movements are of such a
nature as to defy analysis. The explanation of this is that
most of the light-houses are situated on islands to which Rooks
from the mainland sometimes resort, and when birds from any
of these stations are reported as flying west, it is seldom clear
whether they are merely passing from the mainland to the

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 153

4
}

island, or from the island out into the Atlantic. In the follow- Rook.
ing table, the movements are therefore not classified as land-

ward or seaward, but as eastward or westward, northward or
southward. It will be observed that the direction reported is
generally westwards from January to September, but not
during the remaining months.

Direction noted on W. Coast.

Eastward.1 | Westward.? North. South.

January, 1
February, y =: 3 TY
March, . ; a3 4 1 as
April, . ‘ 2 3 1
May, . : . 2 1
June, 1
July, 2
August, ; - 2
September, . : 2 5 Ea
October, . : : 6 5 1 1
November, . ‘ d 20 1 A
December, . : : 5 1

36 28 6 2

This brings us to the subject of the exceptional movements
observed at some western stations in the autumns of 1884,
1887, 1888, and 1890.

In November 1884 large numbers of Rooks were simultane-
ously noticed at the Tearaght and Skelligs—two island-stations
20 miles apart, and each 9 miles from shore—arriving in
continuous flocks from the westward (4, from the open
Atlantic), and passing in an easterly direction towards land,
at a height of from 700 to 800 feet, during several consecutive
days, a phenomenon which suggests the puzzling question,
Where were these birds coming from? On the Tearaght, the
first flock (about 60 birds) was noted on November 5, coming
from the N.W.: on the 10th, “300 in continuous flocks of
from 50 down to 2 or 3, some following far behind, and all
going from W. to E.”: again, on the 14th, “continuous flocks

1 Including N.E, and §.E, 2 Including N. W. and S.W.

Rook.

154 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

all day going E. (about 300): 15th, about 300 do.: 16th, 100, |

going E.” A few were noted at intervals until the 25th, all
passing in the same direction. At the Skelligs a similar series
of observations began on November 2, when a large flock was
reported; after which, the light-keeper adds, “This flight of
Rooks continued nearly every day up to the 24th inst.; some-

times they alighted on the rock.” During the same period, a —

few Jackdaws were noted at both stations, and a young bird
of that species was caught by Mr M‘Carron at the Tearaght.

While this curious flight was chiefly witnessed at the

Tearaght and Skelligs, there are a few indications of its having
been noted on a small scale at Eagle Island and Blackrock
(Mayo)—30 Rooks being reported as “flying inland” at the
former station, November 14, and “10 Jackdaws, going N.E.,”
at the latter, November 13.

Nor are such symptoms of simultaneous movement confined
to the west coast, for between November 2nd and 25th (the
period during which the rush at the Skelligs and Tearaght
lasted), 10 observations of Rooks passing landwards are re-
ported from southern and eastern stations. At the Fastnet, 30
were noted on November 14; at Coningbeg Light-ship, 1 on
November 15; at Barrels Rock, upwards of 60 coming from
S.E., November 13; at the Tuskar, 1 on November 16, “ap-
parently very tired, went W.”; 2 at the same station on the
17th, 1 on the 20th, and a flock on the 24th, were all going
N.W.; so were two flocks at Arklow N. Light-ship, November
2,as well as some noted at the Maidens, November 3 and 4.
The light-keeper at the Maidens adds (without giving precise
dates) that “during October there was a rush of ‘Crows’ to
this rock from the direction of Scotland.”

In 1887 a similar movement occurred at the Tearaght and
Skelligs, its duration at the former station being from October
21 to November 23, and at the latter from November 5 to 18.
The largest rush at the Tearaght apparently took place on
October 24, when the number of Rooks which passed was
estimated at 300. At the Skelligs, most were noted on Nov-
ember 9, when flocks were reported going N.E. from 12.30 P.M.
to 4 p.M., the first flock being believed to contain about 100
and the second about 80 birds. “These Rooks,” says Mr J.
Walshe (light-keeper at the Skelligs), “seem to have flown a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 1565

long distance, as they were apparently very tired. They came
from the westward. The second flock rested about ten minutes
on island.” Qne specimen was received—a young Rook, shot
on the Tearaght, November 9. It is possible that these flocks
consisted wholly of immature birds, for Mr M‘Carron, who
witnessed the occurrence at the Tearaght in 1884, remarked
that those which rested lacked the “excrescence” round the
base of the bill, owing to which circumstance he had at first
mistaken them for Carrion Crows.

The movement of November 1887, like that of the same
season in 1884, broke principally on the Kerry coast; but again,
as in 1884, we find traces of it at other stations, notably at
Slyne Head, where Rooks were noted on October 20th and 27th,
and from the 4th to the 13th of November, “a flock of two
hundred, with Jackdaws,” being reported on this island on
November 7. At Blackrock (Mayo) two were observed on
October 21. On the south and east coasts we find records of
one on the Fastnet Rock, which “seemed exhausted,’ Novem-
ber 8; and some going landwards from Coningbeg Light-ship and
the Tuskar, November 10th, 18th, 24th, 25th, and 27th.

In 1888 the autumn was again marked by records of Rooks
passing western island-stations in a north-easterly direction.
In that year, however, the birds were not so numerously
observed as in 1884 or 1887, nor do they seem to have been
noticed passing the Tearaght. At the Skelligs, where the first
flight was reported, a flock of about two hundred appeared, fly-
ing N.,on November 1. The next were observed at Blackrock
(Mayo) on November 7, after which date no more seem to have
occurred until the 28th of that month. On November 28th,
some were reported at Slyne Head, and on November 30th
and December Ist, 6th, 8th, 10th, 13th, and 14th, small parties
of from two to four were seen flying N.E. at the North Island
of Arran. Taken in connection with the occurrences of previous
years, these records, which might otherwise have appeared in-
significant, seem to show that a movement of somewhat similar
nature to those witnessed at the Tearaght and Skelligs in 1884
and 1887, was in progress in 1888.

Another remarkable rush was observed at the Tearaght in
November 1890, when the first flock was noted on the same day
(November 5) as that on which the movement of 1884 began at

Rook.

Rook.

156 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ca
:

the same station. Mr W. H. James reports: “A great flock |
of about 150 arrived from the west about 11 am., and lit —
on island; went N. about 12.30 P.M; strong breeze N.; seemed
tired; a few remained, and were about light that night, several
striking at 6.35 p.m.” The leg and wing of an example caught
striking were forwarded, and belong to an under-sized, probably —
immature, bird (see Appendix, p. 651). On the day after the
arrival of this flock, the wind rose to a hurricane from the N.W.,
and Rooks, with some Jackdaws, were noted all day on the
island, after which flocks were recorded at irregular but frequent
intervals until the 1st of December. Mr James observed that
he had never before heard of Rooks striking the lantern. Such
occurrences are undoubtedly rare, only one other being recorded
at an Irish light-station (Fastnet, November 24, 1897), where
the light-keeper reporting the circumstance, Mr E. Rohu, speaks
of it as “the first case of Crows striking that I have noticed.”
The flight of 1890 was not noted from the Skelligs, but
“hundreds of Crows” were reported from Slyne Head Light-
house on the same day (November 5) as that on which the
largest flock reached the Tearaght. On that day also “one
Crow” was reported from North Arran. On the south coast,
“thousands of Rooks” are said to have been observed on
November 11th at Spit Bank, Queenstown, flying N.W.; and
between the 6th and 9th of the month flocks were noted pass-
ing in the same landward direction at three east coast stations

—Blackwater Bank, Arklow South and Arklow North Light-

ships.

Another and an earlier instance of Rooks arriving in a
fatigued condition from the ocean was described by Mr Martin
Kennedy, light-keeper at Blackrock (Mayo),in 1881. Amongst
other general observations on the birds visiting that station, he
writes: “I have seen large flights of Rooks rest here after
coming in from the sea in a S8.W. direction, which seemed so
fatigued that they would fall over after resting, and remain to
be caught.” It is not stated in what year, or at what time of
year, these Rooks were seen.

Whatever be the explanation of these occurrences, there can
be no doubt of their intimate connection with the immigratory
movements simultaneously observed on the south and east
coasts. This appears from the fact that little or no migration

hat
ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 157

of the Rook has been reported from southern or eastern stations
in November, except in years which have been marked by some
such phenomena on the west coast as those under notice. The
following table, giving the number of observations in each
November for the west, and also the number for the south and
east coast, will suffice to establish the fact just stated.

South 4 south
co Co cnt. “Sa

November 1882, mt: ae November 1890, 13 7

Beaserra) on? re 1891, “te

x foe4, ge" 10° | “ 1892, ... 1

ie 1885, 1 pial 4 1893, 1 3

x eof «J.J .nioxesl | d 1894, 1 2

S 1887, 14 pa . WEG eT ott o3..t

f 1888, 4 1 2 1G +, 2: 1

#3 1e59,° 3 <3 1897, 2

The Rook thus seems to be a nomadic rather than regular
visitant in autumn, though its spring movement across the
Channel is apparently regular. In only seven out of sixteen
years has more than one observation of this species been
reported in November from southern and eastern stations, and
the only years in which the observations from such stations
were at all numerous were 1884, 1887, and 1890—the years in
which the extraordinary flocks already referred to visited the
Tearaght and Skelligs.

These flocks are probably part of a migrating host coming
from the east, and consist of birds which have overshot
their mark and flown too far to the westward. Turning back
when they fail to discover any land in front of them, they
naturally arrive in a state of fatigue on our west coast. The
weather charts of the Meteorological Office afford no sufficient
reason for supposing the birds to have been blown out of their
course by storms.

Both in spring and autumn, individual Rooks are sometimes
noted as arriving in a tired condition at our southern and
eastern stations. Such observations have been made in spring
at the Tuskar (April 15, 1891), Lucifer Shoals Light-ship
(March 29, 1891), Arklow South Light-ship (April 17, 1890),
Rockabill (February 28, 1889), and South Rock Light-ship
(April 20, 1889), Similar notes for autumn occur in reports

Rook.

Rook. from Fastnet (November 8, 1887), Tugkar (November 16, 1884), —
and Rockabill (December 14, 1889); and a specimen has been
forwarded which was caught on Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
November 18, 1898. These facts corroborate the inference
already drawn from the observations as to direction of flight,
that the reported movements at both seasons are immigratory.

158 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Jackdaw. This species is less noted by light-keepers than any of the
Corvide. There are 539 observations relating to the Rook, 202 —
to the Hooded Crow, 142 to the Raven, 113 to the Chough, and —
67 to the Jackdaw. Of this meagre amount of information,
60 per cent. is from west coast stations—a somewhat singular
fact, as the bird is less numerous in the west than in the east.

The observations for each month on each section of the coast
are as follows :—

| | | |
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. a ta ly ung) July,| Aug.) Sept. Oct. | Nov.| Dec. Tot
| SS ee |
South Coast,| ... | ... 104 SOR Al Fee Tre VV yseeee | eae

|
|

East, | te | Oe Pt) a
E72 aa I ee A a PS PS
BViGatis tress Al gaehel ee ete Male

As in the case of the Rook, the west coast observations are
most numerous in November, and the east coast records in
March.

Only 7 observations of this species are reported from light-
ships—3 in March, 1 in April, 1 in October, and 2 in November.
It has only once been noted from the Tuskar, in March; once
from the Fastnet, in October ; twice from Rockabill, in January
and March; and never from the Maidens, nor from any other
station on the south or east coast than the three just mentioned,
except where it is known to breed (e.g., at Howth and the
Copeland Islands).

3 ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 159

Thus five of the six spring occurrences at light-ships and Jackdaw.
island-rocks (which in the case of Corvus monedula are those
‘which must be relied on to prove a cross-Channel migration)
have been in March—earliest, March 9; latest, April 10.
There is no note of the Rook having been observed before the
Jackdaw in spring at any light-ship or island-station.

On the west coast the only spring reports are Rathlin O’Birne
‘and Dursey Island in March, Blackrock (Mayo) on April
12th, 1884, and 13th, 1885.

Autumnal observations are much more numerous on the west
than on the east coast. It has been shown (pp. 154 and 156) that
Jackdaws accompanied the flocks of Rooks which arrived in an
exhausted state at the Tearaght and Skelligs in the Novembers
of 1884, 1887, and 1890. In the autumn of 1884 Daws were
also somewhat frequently noted at Blackrock (Mayo), some being
recorded at different dates in September, October, November,
and December, generally flying N.E. or E.

Direction is noted in only 18 cases, of which 2 were on the
south coast, 7 on the east, and 9 on the west. Twelve were
landward, 1 seaward, and 5 coasting.

There is thus no evidence of the Jackdaw having been
observed leaving Ireland, unless a solitary flock reported as
flying N.E. from Arklow South Light-ship in March 1888 be
considered proof of emigration at that season. There is
evidence of its having been occasionally seen flying towards
land, both in spring and autumn; but the information is too
meagre to justify a conclusion as to whether its migrations are
regular or otherwise. From the paucity of observations relating
to so common a species, we may conclude that it is, in all
probability, often overlooked or confounded with the Rook,
whose flocks it accompanies.

MAGPIE (Pica rustica, Scopoli).

The Magpie is a well-known and conspicuous bird, and Magpie.
its non-migratory character is sufficiently evinced by the fact
that it has never been reported from a light-ship, nor from
such rock-stations as the Fastnet, the Tuskar, or the Maidens;
though some straggle to the larger islands of the west coast,
particularly in autumn.

160 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Magpie. Including mainland observations, the total number is 51. —
Those which are reported from island-stations are 29, distri-
buted among the different months and sections of the coast,
as is shown in the following table:—

=

Jan, | Feb. | Mar. ‘Apri May.!June July | Aug, Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total
i

South Coast, | ... | ... | Bi" |

East ,, rig ae oe al le ie PERM

North _,, EMH: deal gh | L-| cay on | ae | hed ia ie

West _,, SORDOF Hiohet | ath BSYOM. el | Pe ee
Tete ele eels fee

During the half-year June to November, all the observations
recorded (20 in number) are from islands off the west coast,
viz., Aranmore, Slyne Head, North and South Arran, Samphire
Island, Tearaght, Valencia, and Skelligs. This shows a tend-
ency to scatter westwards after the rearing of the young
broods. During the remaining half-year, December to May,
the only records from west coast island-stations are two, both
in December, from Rathlin O’Birne and Valencia. a

Of the five east coast records, all save one are from Copeland :
(Mew) Island. As this station is only three miles from
Donaghadee, and two other islands lie between it and the
mainland, there is nothing remarkable in the fact of the
Magpie being sometimes seen there.

There is, however, an interesting record from Rockabill,
dated January 7, 1889: “Two Magpies arrived on the ‘ Bill,
and made several efforts to reach the mainland, but were
driven back by strong wind from W., and died after four days.”
There was a strong west wind, and they were probably blown
from shore.

The islands on the north coast from which the Magpie has
been reported are Tory Island (April 9, 1892) and Innishtrahull
(March 7, 1897). At the former station it was noted that the
birds seen (two in number) “came from §.,” @e., from the main-
land. At Innishtrahull the visits of this species seem to be
very rare, for in 1889 Mr M. J. Kennedy wrote of it; “The

et ee

3 ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 161

Magpie never visits this island, though they are on shore at
Malin Head.” The bird observed there on March 7, 1897,
is said to have “appeared very much frightened and confused,”
and remained on the island throughout the following day; the
wind, being moderate S., can scarcely have driven this bird off
shore, as was probably the case with the pair reported from
Rockabill.

It may or may not be a mere coincidence that both the
autumnal occurrences noted on the Tearaght took place during
‘periods when that island was visited by great numbers of
fatigued Rooks, viz., on November 18, 1884, and November 11,
1887. On the latter occasion two Magpies were observed,
going £., in the same direction as the Rooks noted on the 9th
and 12th of the same month; and Magpies were almost simul-
taneously reported, between November 10th and 15th, from
Slyne Head and the South Island of Arran.

Attention should be drawn to the unusually large number
of Magpies said to have been observed near Hook Tower, in
the south of County Wexford, on October 18, 1893. Mr J.
Higginbotham reports: “Magpies very numerous close to
station, probably between one hundred and fifty and two
hundred.” So large an assemblage as this would be remark-
able anywhere, but doubly so on a long and exposed pro-
montory, such as that on which Hook Tower light-house is
situated. Whether the object of the gathering was migratory
or otherwise, it is of peculiar interest to find such a flock
of Magpies reported from the south coast of County Wexford
—the part of Ireland where, according to the testimony of
contemporary writers, this bird first arrived in Ireland upwards
of two hundred years ago.

[Obs—The Jay (Garrulus glandarius, Linn.) has never been
eredibly reported from a light-station. The bird most com-
monly called “ Jay” in Ireland is the Missel-Thrush. ]

SwALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

The first trustworthy observation of the Swallow at light-
stations is usually reported between the 10th and 14th of April.
In most years some “Swallows” are noted either in March or

Magpie.

Swallow.

Swallow.

162 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

in the first week of April, but it ig probable that these are
generally Sand-Martins, the light-keepers not distinguishing —
between the different species. In the following table, giving —
the earliest arrivals reported each year, those not later than
April 7 are placed in a separate column, as less likely to refer
to Hirundo rustica than to Cotile ryparia.

Not later than April 7, Later than April 7.

1882 | April 5 (Arklow S.). April 18 (Kish), 21 (Mine Head),
24 (Tuskar).

1883 sf OM te April 11 (Tuskar), 15 (Arklow S.),
16 (Rockabill).

1884 | March 18 (Dungarvan). : April 12 (Dungarvan), 13 (Coning-
beg), 16 (Copeland), 17 (Oyster I.).

1885 ae ae re April 10 (Dunree Head and Killy-

begs), 12 (Arklow N.), 13 (Coning-
beg and Arklow S.), 15 (Tuskar
and Rockabill), 16 (Fastnet), 17
(Barrels Rock and Skelligs), 18
(Rathlin), 19 (Kish),
1886 | April 5 (Arklow S.). April 12 (Coningbeg), 14 (Mine
Head), 16 (Blackrock, Mayo), 18
(Fastnet), 19 (Rathlin I.),
1887 | March 30 (Coningbeg), April 3 | April. 9 (Barrels Rock), 10 (Arklow

/ ~ - 4
sap Spuateat haya Slip tlt ho te ae eer ee’

(Killybegs). S. and Rathlin O’Birne),
1888 | March 12 (Arklow S.), April.6 | April 14 (Lucifer Shoals), 20 (Tus-
(Rathlin I.). kar), 21 (Fastnet).
1889 | April 7 (Lucifer Shoals). April 21 (Rathlin O’ Birne), 22 (Rock-
abill and Maidens), 25 (S. Rock).
1890 | March 29 (Tuskar). April 10 (Arklow S.), 14 (Lucifer
Shoals), 17 (Blackwater Bank and
Arklow N.).
1891 | April 6 (Arklow S.). April 12 (Tuskar), 14 (Mine Head),

18 (Lucifer Shoals, Blackwater
Bank, and Arklow N.), 19 (Barrels
Rock), 20 (Tearaght).
1892 | April 3 (Codling Bank), 5(Black- | April 10 (Hook Tower and Maidens),
water Bank), 6 (Coningbeg), ay (Arklow N.), 23 (Drogheda
7 (Lucifer Shoals). N.).
1893 | April 5 (Hook Tower), 7 (Ark- cae 11 (Barrels Rock), 14 (Black-
low S.). water Bank), 16 (Drogheda N.).
1894 | March 23(Arklow S.), 27 (Black- | April 9 (Maidens), 11 (Hook Tower),
water and Codling), April 4 20 (Coningbeg), 23 (Arklow N.).
(S. Rock).
1895 | April 5 (Blackwater Bank). . April 10 (Arklow S. and Skelligs),
: 11 (Tuskar), 12 (Barrels Rock),
. 15 (Coningbeg), 16 (Codling).
1896 | March 30 (Codling), 31(Tuskar). | April 13 (Blackwater), 18 (Arklow
S.), 19 (Arklow N.). )
1897 | March19(Coningbeg), 22 (Black-*| April 18 (Blackwater), 14 (Lucifer
| water and Arklow §.), 24 | Shoals), 15 (Skelligs), 16 (Cod-
(Arklow N.), 29 (Tuskar), 30 ling), 18 (Arklow S.), 19 (Arklow
(Lucifer Shoals), April 4 N. and Rockabill).
(Rathlin O’Birne).

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 163

> ho a

Thus in thirteen out of sixteen years, Swallows have been
noted at some of the Wexford stations (generally at light-ships)
between April 10th and 14th, showing that the period between
those dates usually sees the beginning of the main influx. This
does not reach its maximum until the first ten days of May.
The ebb and flow of the spring migration is shown in the follow-
ing table, giving the number of observations for different

‘periods, (The March observations are included, though most
of them doubtless refer to the Sand-Martin.)

March, | April. May, | June. | Total.

1-10 |11-20 21-31, 1-10 |11-20 21-30 1-10 |11-20 21-31) 1-10 |11-20)21-30
South Coast,|...| 2] 2) 4|27|\40| 47| 42| 22/10] 6| 3) 205
East be ine 1 | 12 | 25 | 86 /100 /123 | 80 | 42 20 | 13 | 14 | 516
North _,, ele he 7 5 4 3 1 4 1 29
West * 528 Patel ieee 6 8 |.15 |} 21 | 22) 15 | 11 5 1 | 104
<a] ® [ia a7 fap aoa aoe jas | 2 | a2 | a8 | a9 | ond

In the above table, records from light-ships, islands, and
mainland-stations are included together. The same result,
however, may be obtained by tabulating the light-ship records
alone, as follows :—

March. April. May. June. Total.
1-10} 11-20 / 21-81 | 1-10} 11-20| 21-80 }1-10 | 11-20 | 21-31 | 1-10 | 11-20 | 21-30
ee a | |__| | —__, —__._ —__/—
2 | tf} 23° ).80 | LIT |} 1s7) 100-| “42 | 21 | 11 | 12 550

Several light-ships, as well as the Tuskar, occasionally report
Swallows in July and August, and there is a record of one
killed striking at Rockabill, July 11,1884. A few immature
birds may arrive later than the end of June, but the fact awaits
proof, and the possibility of the Swift having been mistaken for
the Swallow must not be overlooked.

Nearly all our Swallows seem to arrive on the south-east
corner of the island. The eight light-stations, covering a
coast of about 80 miles from Coningbeg to Codling Bank, yield

3

Swallow.

Swallow.

164 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

each station, while the remaining fourteen stations, extending
for about 270 miles along the south and east coasts, yield
only 131, an average of 9 to each station.

Fifteen specimens have been forwarded in spring, the earliest

from the Skelligs (April 10, 1895), and the latest from the ©

Tearaght (June 2, 1891). Eleven were received between
April 10 and May 8, and of these 9 were from light-ships—
the only ones with satisfactory data. Two of them were killed
striking (April 23, 1892, and April 16, 1895), 1 was caught on
deck (April 17, 1895), 3 died on deck (May 4, 1887, May 8,
1892, and May 1, 1895), and 3 were found dead (May 7, 1886,
April 30, 1890, and April 22, 1897). Coningbeg Light-ship
forwarded 3, Barrels Rock 1, Blackwater Bank 2, Arklow
South 1, and Codling Bank 2. These figures afford reasons
for assuming that the rate of mortality among Swallows on
migration is less than among any other common migratory
birds.

In autumn only one specimen has been received, caught
striking at the Fastnet, October 5, 1887.

At what period the autumnal movement usually begins has
not been definitely ascertained. As was previously observed,
Swallows are occasionally noted at all times during summer,
even at such remote stations as the Tuskar and Arklow South
Light-ship, each of which is seven miles from shore. These two
stations contribute as many as 15 records for August, of
which 5 occur between the 1st and 10th of the month, 5
between the 11th and 20th, and 5 between the 21st and 3lst.
At Coningbeg, however, which is the most distant of all our
light-ships (being ten miles from shore), occurrences of this sort
are comparatively rare, and there are none recorded between
July 13 and August 23.

The closing days of August are marked by a slight general
increase in the number of records from light-ships and island-
rocks, for of a total of 25 August observations from stations so
situated, 12 bear date between the 23rd and 31st of the month.
It is uncertain, however, whether these should be referred
mainly to the present species, or to the Sand-Martin, whose
autumnal migration is said to begin earlier than that of the
Swallow,

¥

(from March to June) 590 observations, an average of 74 to

tie, ==

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 165

>

After August, the observations recorded may be arranged in Swallow.
- periods as follows :—

a 4
: September October November Total.
a 1-10 ; 11-20 | 21-30} 1-10 | 11-20; 21-31 | 1-10 | 11-20 | 21-30
4 MeiOoast, .| 10/22 | 2410/1 8| 1138 14 |... |-90
Mima 5. 51 23 | 31').49 | 80 | a4] 5 1-2 fa |. | 154
North _,, 54 (ere (ok 45 ML CAR sete Eth OO Beal one 1
ns tS ap ll nel teil ls ly fi a te
De) aes | ee ot | 7) | 8 ho, | ore,

35 | 55 | 741 54 | 24] 7 5 |
|

The autumnal movement is here shown to be at its maximum
in the last ten days of September, and to be practically over
by October 20. The statements that Swallows were observed
at a north-western station (Aranmore) on November 28, 1886,-
and a Tuskar record, dated December 7, 1889—should both be
received with caution.
Three-fifths of the autumnal observations tabulated above
are from light-ships. These also point to the last ten days of
September as the period when the main exodus occurs, thus:—

September | October November

; - Total. |

1.10 | 11-20 | 21-80 1-10 | 11-20 | 21-81 1-10 | 11-20 21-30 |
) ae ee —— | i see ee al ee ee EEE eee {

Sos|. 40. |. 53 | a7 | 9 | 5 r 155 |
|

The autumnal observations are strikingly few compared with
the spring records. The numbers for the two principal months
at each season are—

Spring. Autumn.
April, . ' aoe September, . . 164
May,..... . 426 October, win Oe

Total, . 748 Total, . 249

The eight stations from Coningbeg to Codling Bank average
27 observations in autumn to each station, whereas in spring
the average was 74 to each. The remaining fourteen stations

q

= |

Swallow. of the south and east average 4 to,each station in autumn,
where in spring it was 9. The eight south-eastern stations thus
show a marked superiority at both seasons, but the superiority
in spring is as 8 to 1, and in autumn it is only as 3 to 1.
From this it is not necessarily to be inferred that the south-
eastern migration-route is less followed in autumn than in —
spring, for it is possible that a large proportion of the observa-
tions from other parts of the coast relate to birds which have
not yet set out on their migratory journey.

There is reason to believe that, as with other species, very
few of our Swallows are seen at light-stations in the act of
departure.

Bearing in mind that they are far more numerous in autumn
than in spring, we might have expected to find their departure
a more conspicuous phenomenon than their arrival; but, as
has been shown, the reverse is the case, the observations in
spring being three times as numerous as in autumn. This
disparity becomes still more remarkable when we compare the
records of direction of flight at both seasons.

In spring, the records of direction from the south and east
coasts amount to 420, of which all but 15 are either W., N.W.,
N., or N.E. (the north-eastern direction being frequent at such
southern stations as Coningbeg and Barrels Rock Light-ships).
The most prevalent direction, N.W., is followed in 273 cases.
The numbers to each of the eight points are as follows :—

166 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Direction of Flight in Spring.

Four landward points | Four seaward points
(From W. to N.E.). (From E. to S. W.).
W,, : : 5 jos ae ; 1
INE WE : . 273 | 8.E., 5
N.,. ‘ 56 Same +
NE, 38 | S.W., 5
405° 15

This is what might have been expected, and shows that the
Swallows observed at light-stations in spring are nearly all
en route for their breeding-quarters.

We do not, however, find that any such overwhelming
majority of those observed in autumn are flying in a contrary

:

q

* ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 167

direction. The following are the records for September and Swallow.
October :—

Direction of Flight in Autumn.

Four landward points Four seaward points
(From W. to N.E.). (From E, to 8. W.).
? 8 E - : neat 5.
- 30 S.E., : f , Owat
iN: 5 Se Pee |)
NE, 9 SiW., | wirislinse) hyollith
52 8]

All that can be said of these figures is that they show the
prevailing direction in autumn to be more or less southward.
It is particularly curious that the two points towards which
most flights are recorded are diametrically opposed to each
other, the S.E. and the N.W.

Again, a large proportion of the observations in autumn
relate to individual birds, or to small parties of from two to
half a dozen. From what is known of the Swallow’s habit of
gathering in large flocks before setting out on the autumnal
journey, it may well be doubted whether, as a general rule,
these small detachments are on migration; and when we find
them reported as flying N.W. or W., instead of in a southward
direction, the suspicion is strengthened that they are rather
making towards some rendezvous for the purpose of joining
other bodies before setting out for their winter quarters.

If, however, we confine our attention to cases in which flocks
of Swallows are mentioned, the evidence of an emigratory
tendency is more marked. After September 5 we find only
7 instances of flocks going N.E., N., N.W., or W., while there
are 26 instances of their going 8.W., 8, SE. or E. Thus
practically 80 per cent. of the flocks, from September 5 to the
end of autumn, are departing when noted.

The net result of the observations is therefore favourable to
the view that Swallows usually migrate in autumn in large
flocks; but it is singular that from a series of reports extend-
ing over sixteen years, only 26 instances can be collected in
which these flocks have been observed leaving our shores. The
Swallow, when departing, seems, like other species, generally
to evade observation.

168 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Swallow. For the amount of migration which must take place in :
September, very few fatalities are recorded. A table for the
eight months from April to November (there were no fatalities
in March), showing the number reported as killed, disabled, —
fatigued, found dead, etc., and the number for each month, may —
be of interest. Of the total number (67), only 16 were actually —

received.

Killed striking, . ; : 20 April 13
Disabled ,, ' : : 4 May 30

are : ; June 4
Striking, not killed or disabled, 14 | yule 9
Died of exhaustion, 6 August 1
Found dead, 9 September 4
Caught resting, . ; , 8 October 10
Tired, : 6 November 3

rt 67

It is possible that some of these records may refer to House-
Martins, Sand-Martins, or Swifts. They show, however, that the
present species, though little addicted to striking the lanterns,
is still less in the habit of succumbing to exhaustion after its
migratory passage, deaths from this cause being only six, while
the additional instances in which Swallows are said to have
shown symptoms of fatigue do not exceed the same number.

From the insignificantly small numbers (38) reported as
striking, in proportion to the abundance of this species, itisa
natural inference that the Swallow migrates chiefly by day,and
at a sufficient speed to carry it from the beginning to the end of
its journey between the morning and evening of the same day
—a feat of which its well-known strength of wing makes it
apparently quite capable. On the other hand, great flocks of
Swallows, which seemed to be on the point of departure, have
sometimes been observed in the evening at a considerable
elevation in the air. There does not appear to be sufficient
evidence for a decisive conclusion as to whether these birds
migrate more by day than by night.

» The amount of variation in the length of the wing is small.

Average length of wing, 5°00 inches; longest, 5°15; shortest,
482; difference between extremes, 0°32; percentage of varia-
tion, 64.

*

nf «
a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 169

Hovuss-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

The observations on this species are of little value, as it has
seldom been satisfactorily discriminated.

It has been reported 46 times (32 in spring and 14 in
autumn), amounting to less than 3 observations per annum
from the whole Ivish coast.

Of the 14 autumnal observations, 10 have little or no

» : . siete avlaalie
migrational value, and we are reduced to the insignificant

total of 4 occurrences, apart from which there is no evidence
of the House-Martin’s having been observed on its autumnal
migration.

Light-stations have forwarded 16 examples of the Swallow,
8 of the Sand-Martin, and only 2 of the House-Martin. From
its being a bird of less powerful flight than the Swallow, we
might expect the Martin’s rate of mortality to be higher, and
we can scarcely suppose it to be lower, than that of Hirundo
rustica ; so that the rarity of the instances in which the present
species has been obtained may fairly be considered proof of its
great comparative scarcity in Ireland.

Of the two specimens forwarded, one was observed exhausted
(in company with some other tired Swallows and Martins), and
was shot, April 23, 1891, at the Skelligs. The other was killed
striking, during a dense fog, at Rockabill, May 4, 1889.

The occurrence at Rockabill is of interest, as it happened
during a rush of birds caused by a sudden descent of fog, about
an hour before midnight. The light-keeper (Mr John
Hamilton) reports:—‘The fog commenced at 11 P.M. and
in about half an hour the lantern was nearly covered with
birds; a great number must have been killed. We picked up
several on the rock in morning.” The specimens forwarded
were 3 Whinchats, a Sedge Warbler, a Whitethroat, a Willow
Wren, a House-Martin, and a Cuckoo. “From this sudden
rush of birds,” says Mr John Hamilton, “immediately after the
weather got thick, I would infer that they are always migrating
at this season and in autumn, but keep far from the light in
clear weather. On the night mentioned it would be impossible
to distinguish the light at more than a mile from the station,
the weather being so thick.” This appears to be a fair

House-
Martin.

House-
Martin.

Sand-
Martin.

170 MIGRATION OF BIRDS b
inference, and it illustrates the small degree of liability
amongst the Hirundines to disasters at the lanterns, to find
that a sudden fog at such a date produced only one instance
of a bird of that family striking. The fog prevailed along
the east coast generally, between the nights of May 3rd —
and 4th, and rushes somewhat similar to that at Rockabill
occurred at Mew Island and Arklow South Light-ship. The
whole number of specimens forwarded from these three stations
for the nights in question was twenty :—

Whinchat, . P . 4 | Willow Wren, 4
Sedge Warbler, . 6,41 Martin, » 1
Grasshopper Warbler,. 1 | Cuckoo, . 2
Whitethroat, . : fo

Hither the Swallows and Martins must have been flying
at such a height as to be almost independent of the fog,
or there were few of them on the wing at the hour when it
came on.

The observations of the present species are so unsatisfactory,

. that nothing can be inferred as to its principal migration route.

The spring observations, 32 in number, are from the following
seven counties :—Cork, 1; Waterford, 3; Wexford, 18; Dublin,
3; Sligo, 2; Mayo, 4; Kerry 1.

The only autumnal records which seem to be migrational are
4: 1 from Cork, 1 from Wexford, and 2 from Kerry.

SAND-MArRTIN (Cotdle riparia, Linn.).

There is high authority for the opinion that “most of the
‘early Swallows’ of newspaper paragraphs are Sand-Martins,” ?
and the “Swallows” observed before the end of March at light-
stations may, with little hesitation, be placed in the same
category; but beyond the application of this general rule, we
have no adequate means of distinguishing which, or what pro-
portion, of the “Swallows” and “ Martins” of the “ Migration
Reports” belong to the species now under notice.

The number of specimens received is 8, to 16 of the Swallow
and 2 of the House-Martin. It does not seem likely that the

1 Prof. A. Newton (Yarrell, 4th ed., p, 355).

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 171

Sand-Martin is either half as numerous as the Swallow or four Sana-
times as numerous as the Martin, but its numbers probably —
exceed those of the latter species, whose occurrences at light-

stations seem particularly rare.

In 17 instances “Swallows” or “Martins” have been
reported in March—once so early as the 12th of that month
(Arklow South Light-ship, 1888). In accordance with what
has been said above, these may be assumed to have been Sand-

Martins. That the principal immigration is later than March
appears from the dates on which specimens have been obtained.
Of these, the earliest was caught on Blackwater Bank Light-
ship, April 3, 1899; the /atest (excluding one shot, May 9, 1888,
on the Tearaght) was killed striking the lantern of the same
light-ship, May 6, 1891. The main influx appears to be during
April, but the number of specimens is insufficient to fix its
date more precisely, especially as 2 of the 8 forwarded were
shot. The latter half of April, however, has yielded 3 of the 6
examples which were found dead or exhausted.

No specimen has been received in autumn, and our informa-
tion as to movements at that season is nil, Those observed at
light-stations have (except in two cases) been reported as
“Swallows” or “Martins,” and the grounds for assigning
individual occurrences to the present species are too slender
to lead to any conclusion. It is curious that the two instances
in which the Sand-Martin has been reported by name are
from western stations—Blackrock (Mayo) and Slyne Head.
At the former station three are said to have been observed on
October 22, 1888, and from the latter a “Sand- Martin
Swallow” is reported on November 13, 1887. Both these
dates are so late for the Sand-Martin that (like the November
28th and December 7th Swallows) they should be received
with caution.

The evidence to hand as to the coast-distribution of this
Species on migration consists practically of the 17 March
observations and the 8 specimens.

Of these 25 occurrences, 3 were on the south coast, 17 on the
east, and 5 on the west. The county distribution is—

Waterford, . ey ea 2
Wexford, . . 15 | Mayo, 1
Wicklow, . . 2| Kerry, 4

Sand-
Martin.

Swift.

172 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Only one of the above 25 is from mainland-station (Dun-
garvan), while 16 are from light-ships and 8 from islands. The —

four stations off the east coast of Wexford (Tuskar, Blackwater
Bank, Lucifer Shoals, and Arklow South Light-ship) furnish 13,
a majority of the entire number.

Of six wings measured the average length is 417 inches. §

The longest (4:27) is of the same length as the shorter of the
two House-Martin’s wings received.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.)

Though more frequently discriminated than the House-
Martin or Sand-Martin, the Swift is too often confounded with
the Swallow to afford much material for analysis. Of 94
observations which apparently relate to this species, 44 were
made in May, 25 in June, 13 in July, and 12 in August. Four
other records, between September 19 and October 27, may be
dismissed as too improbable for acceptance.

The earliest observations in spring are three bearing the
same date,— y

May 1, 1886, : . Innishtrahull.
May 1, 1889, . Tearaght.
May 1, 1893, : . Barrels Rock Light-ship.

The latest in autumn are two which also bear the same date,—

August 19, 1889, . . Fastnet.
August 19, 1890, . . Hook Tower.

In some years, owing to the scarcity of observers acquainted
with the species, no Swifts have been reported till June; but in
twelve of the sixteen years from 1882 to 1897, the earliest
occurrences noted have been between May Ist and 12th. The
observations at light-ships apparently cease (as regards spring
migration) about June 10. The light-ship, island, and mainland
records for each ten-days’ period are as follows :—

: ‘
#) ate | *

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 173

Light-ships. | _ Islands. Mainland. Total.

| May 1-10, 4 8 3 1b
= 5 «11-20, 7 4 8 16
” 21-31, 2 5 6 13
June 1-10, . ; 2 7 4 13
OSE ae (vall 6 2 8

9 21-30, nae | on 4 | 4
July 1-10, 2 | 2 1 | 5

” T1=20, Os 1 | 1

” 21-31, | 7 BS 7

_ August.1-10, . f sai | 4 3 7
eid -GOt, <4 >. Lege | 3 1 5

15 | 46 33 | 94

Between June 20 (on which date Swifts have been reported
from the Fastnet and Tuskar) and July 27, there is very little
evidence of migration. A specimen, however, has been received
from Blackwater Bank Light-ship, which was caught disabled
on July 2, 1898; and on July 2, 1888, another example is said to
have been found disabled during a fog at Blackrock (Mayo). The
date on which both these occurrences happened seems too early
for departure, and would be very late for arrival. The Swift
ranges so far in its daily flight that it is quite conceivable that
individuals may occasionally become bewildered in sea-fogs,
even when not migrating.

During the last few days of July the commencement of the
autumnal migration is clearly evidenced, as many as seven
occurrences being reported from island-rocks between the 27th
and 31st of:that month. In four of these seven instances the
birds are noted as striking, viz. :-—

Tuskar, one killed, July 28, 1886.
Fastnet, one disabled, July 31, 1889.
Tuskar, one killed, July 30, 1894.
Rockabill, one killed, July 30, 1895.

The Rockabill and Fastnet examples were forwarded. Both
proved to be young birds; likewise the only other autumnal
specimen received, which was sent without data as to how
procured, from Wicklow Head Light-house, August 7, 1899.

In August—the month during which the withdrawal of the

7

Swift. Swift is commonly noticed—there is only one record of its being a

. killed at the lantern (at Hook Tower, August 9, 1890); but.
some were observed “flying in the rays of the light” at
Fastnet, August 3, 1889. The latest recorded observation for
the east coast bears date August 14 (Arklow South Light-ship) ;
for the north coast, August 12 (Innishtrahull); for the west
coast, August 18 (Blackrock, Mayo); and for the south coast,
August 19 (Fastnet and Hook Tower).

As Swifts, like Swallows, have frequently been observed to
gather in large flocks at the season of departure, it is some-
what significant that not more than five have been reported
as seen together after July 16. The bulk of the departing birds
must therefore pass from our shores unseen.

There is one point in which the evidence concerning the
present species is remarkably unlike what has been adduced in
respect to any other. This is, that the Swift appears to strike
the lanterns more frequently at its season of departure than at
its time of arrival. In fact, we have no definite record of its
having struck on spring migration at all, though two specimens,
of which one was found dead, and the ether probably shot, have
been forwarded from the Tuskar (May 15, 1886, and May 22,
1887). On the other hand, there are five distinct records of
Swifts killed or disabled striking between July 28 and August 9,
and two of these are attested by specimens; while the example
from Wicklow Head, forwarded August 7, 1889, may be a sixth
instance.

As the only specimens forwarded in autumn (three in
number) have been young birds, it is possible that the tendency
to strike at that season is confined to the immature. It would
not be surprising if birds only a few weeks, or perhaps days,
out of the nest, were more lable to become confused at sea than
their elders. This consideration, however, only renders more
remarkable the cases of our other summer visitants, which
nearly all rear considerably larger broods than the Swift, but of
which, nevertheless, very few specimens are obtained in autumn
in proportion to the numbers which strike in spring.

‘The coast-distribution of the observations relating to this
species show that in May it has been more noted on the east
coast than elsewhere, while in August three-fourths of the few
observations chronicled are from the south and west. The

I7T4 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 175

south coast, though behind the east in May, furnishes the
“highest total; but some deduction should be made for the
character of ihe stations, chiefly mainland, in the vicinity of
which the Swift breeds.

May. June. July. August. | Total.
South Coast, . ‘ 12 11 4 4 31
; East . . D 18 2 6 2 28
Bl North 4 Ly ox 9 4 “5 Inlobilol4
West, AD 5 8 3 5 21
mip ot 85 fea 12 94 ie

_ Only six specimens have been received. The wings of three

adults obtained between May 15 and July 2 vary from 6°85
to 7:00 inches in length, the average being 6°92. Wings of
three immature birds obtained between July 30 and Aucust 7
vary from 6:12 to 6°65, the average being 643. The per-
centage of variation in the three adults is only 2, while in
the three young examples it is 8.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulqus ewropceus, Linn.).

This species is very seldom noted. There are, however, two
records by careful observers of its having been seen or heard
in April,—Mr M ‘Carron reporting one heard at Mine Head,
April 20, 1888 ; and Mr Dunleavy, one seen on the wing at
Samphire Island, at 7 p.m, on April 16, 1896.

Besides the above, there are only 6 observations of the
Nightjar in spring (4 in May and 2 in June). They are as
follows :—

May 11, 1888, Tuskar, six on rock all day.

May 15, 1894, Rockabill, one on rock at noon, caught and for-
warded. [Male, received.]

May 23, 1897, Tuskar, one caught exhausted. [Male, received.]

May 29, 1886, Mine Head, one heard at 2 a.m.

June 3, 1888, Tuskar, two on rock.

June 4, 1894, Hook Tower, one shot after watching it for a day or
two. [Female, received.]

Swift.

Nightjar.

Nightjar.

Cuckoo.

176 MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7

From these notes it would appear that immigration is prob- i

ably not far from its maximum about the 12th of May.

Of three July observations, two are unimportant (being at
mainland-stations), and the third is only noted as a “ supposed”
occurrence (Fastnet, July 17, 1891).

The only evidence of the autumnal migration is a note from —

the Tuskar, “August 11, 1888,—one at light all night.” So
little is known of the usual date of this species’ departure, that
even isolated records are not without interest. The departure
is usually stated to take place about the middle of September.
At Heligoland, however, according to Gatke, the return move-

ment is noticed “as early as the first half of August, if the

days are fine and warm.”

The only light-stations which have been proved to lie in
the direct migration-route of this species are the Tuskar and
Rockabill, from each of which a specimen has been received.
The fact that nine examples have in one year (1888) been
reported from the Tuskar (six on May 11, two on June 3, and
one on August 11) renders it probable that the south-east
corner of Ireland is the Nightjar’s usnal point of arrival and
departure.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Though few popular traditions are better founded than that
which associates the Cuckoo’s coming with the month of April,
the evidence from light-stations indicates that most individuals
of this species arrivein May. The total number of observations
recorded for the former month is 15, and for the latter 63.

These are of two kinds—(a) those which record the first
hearing or observing of the bird at stations whose vicinity
it frequents in the breeding season, and (0) those which are
essentially migrational, 7.e., occurrences at light-ships or island-
rocks, or striking, or reaching shore in a state of fatigue.

There are 46 of the former and 22 of the latter class, leaving
10 other spring records (nearly all in May) which are referable
to neither, and may be discarded as unimportant.

The two classes of observations which have a bearing on the
question of the time of arrival may be grouped in periods as
follows :—

4
s
~
-

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881—97 177

First Heard. | On Migration, Total.
April 1-10, . : . A
11-20, .
a 3 4 7
eee 50, . 31 10 41
May 1-10,. i ny
aL i—20,. .
5 60Clt«2-ol, . es
46 22 68

The two series above summarised may be said to commence

on the same day, for the earliest date at which the Cuckoo

is reported to have been heard at an Irish light-station is
April 16, 1884, at Copeland (Mew) Island, and the earliest
record of its occurrence on passage is April 16, 1888, at the
'Skelligs. Both series also end on the same day, for the
—jJatest date at which a light-keeper has noted hearing the

Cuckoo for the first time is May 20, 1897, at Innishtrahull, and

the latest recorded occurrence on migration was on May 20,

a

1890, when a female (forwarded) was killed striking at Oyster
Island, Co. Sligo. Both also agree in fixing the first ten days
of May as the period of maximum immigration.

They differ, however, in one respect, for it may be noticed
that May has seven times as many records as April of the first
hearing of the bird, and only twice as many occurrences on
actual migration. The latter proportion is more to be relied
on, for it is not to be expected that the earliest Cuckoos will
immediately make themselves heard in exposed situations near
the sea-coast ; and records of this kind from light-stations will,
on an average, be late. They show that until May the Cuckoo
is not sufficiently numerous to occupy its outlying haunts.:

The earliest annual records of hearing the Cuckoo for each
of the fourteen years 1882-95! are as follows :—

1882, May 1, Mine Head. | 1889, April 28, Arran Island, S.
1883, May 3, Rathblin Island. 1890, May 1, Copeland (Mew) Island.
1884, April 16, Copeland (Mew) Island. | 1891, May 10, Mine Head and Howth
1885, April 20, Rathlin Island and Baily.
Aranmore, 1892, May 5, Drogheda North.
1886, May 7, Mine Head. 1893, May 5, Howth Baily.
1887, May 7, Dunree Head. 1894, April 30, Drogheda North.
1888, May 5, Dunree Head. 1895, May 4, Copeland (Mew) Island.

Nine of the above are in the first week of May.

1JIn 1896 and 1897 there were no records, except one from Innishtrahull, at
the exceptionally late date of May 20, 1897,
™m

4 |

Cuckoo.

Cuckoo.

178 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

If every station had reported regularly, the dates would :

no doubt exhibit less fluctuation. Of 6 records from Aran-
more (Co. Donegal), 4 are between May 1st and 4th, and
of 6 from Dunree Head, in the same county, 5 are between
May 1st and 7th. Only 6 observations are from islands off the

Connaught coast, and 4 of these are dated May 7th or 8th. —

That the Cuckoo is a singularly punctual bird in returning to
its haunts must be known to every one who has kept account of
its arrival for a number of years in the same locality,! but the
light-station records are unfortunately too meagre to show with
certainty whether this punctuality is exhibited in such outlying
parts of its range as the islands of the Atlantic seaboard.

Of 22 instances in which the Cuckoo has been observed —

on actual migration, 8 are corroborated by specimens, and in
one case (Blackwater Bank Light-ship, April 29, 1899) by as
many as 3 examples, killed striking on the same night. Six
of the 10 specimens received in spring struck lanterns during
the week ending May 5. The dates of the earliest and latest
are nearly the same as in the case of the observations.

Earliest, April 18, 1893, ° Hook Tower (Wexford).
Latest, May 20, 1890, - Oyster Island (Sligo).

The latest, as already mentioned, was a female. The sexes
of two of the three birds killed on April 29, 1899, at Black-
water Bank, were also determined by Mr Williams, who
pronounced them a male and female.

The only counties in which the Cuckoo has been reported as
striking the lanterns are Wexford, Dublin, Down, and Sligo;
but it has on six occasions been noted from island-rocks of the
Cork and. Kerry coast (Fastnet, Tearaght, and Skelligs), where
it seems to rest during the spring migration. Examples have
also rested at the Tuskar and Rockabill, and there is one
instance recorded of a Cuckoo’s alighting on a ship (Lucifer
Shoals Light-ship, May 13, 1888). Of a total of 22 migrational
occurrences of the species, all in spring, the distribution is as
follows :—south coast, 7; east coast, 9; west coast, 6.

Seventeen of these were south of the latitude of Dublin.

1 At Fassaroe, Co. Wicklow, it has been first heard between April 20th and

26th in thirty out of past thirty-five years, most frequently on 26th, and neyer —

before the 15th.—R. M. B.

Z

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 179

Of the autumnal migration there is no evidence whatever.
The latest date on which an adult Cuckoo has been noted
at an island-station is June 12 (Aranmore), and at a mainland-
station, July 8 (Dunree Head), this last being the only occur-
rence of an old Cuckoo reported during July. Between July
15 and August 8, three young examples have been forwarded,
of which two were shot (Mew Island, July 15, 1890, and
Aranmore, August 8, 1895); while the third was found unable
to fly at the last-named station, August 8, 1898.1 These birds
were not migrating when obtained; and the rule which has
been found to prevail with nearly every species, viz., that the
departure is unobserved, finds its most complete exemplification
in the case of the Cuckoo.”

This species has oftener been forwarded alone than accom-
panied by others. Probably it sometimes collects in small
detachments of its own kind for migration, as the three speci-
mens which struck at Blackwater Bank Light-ship on April
29, 1899, did so within a few minutes of one another (about
11.50 p.m.), and no other birds seem to have been killed on that
night. As mentioned under House-Martin, however, Cuckoos
struck at two stations (Mew Island and Rockabill) during the
fog of May 3rd and 4th, 1889, when the Whinchat, Sedge
Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler, Whitethroat, Willow Wren, and
House-Martin were also killed. The Cuckoo, like the Whinchat
and Grasshopper Warbler, has struck only in the company of
such species as are strictly summer visitants to our area.

Only nine adult wings were available for measurement. Of
these the four earliest (before April 30) average 8:9, and the
four latest (after April 30) 85. The average for the nine is
intermediate between the average given in “Saunders’s Manual”
(8°50) and that in the 4th edition of “ Yarrell” (8°75).

Average length of wing, 8°65; longest, 9°30; shortest, 7:90 ;
difference between extremes, 1°40; percentage of variation, 16.

1 The light-keeper says it was ‘‘found disabled, but did nob strike.” As its
wing measures only 61 inches, while the average length of an adult’s wing is
about 8°65, the supposed ‘‘disablement’’ was probably no more than inability
to fly, the quills not being sufficiently grown,

* In the “‘ Report” for 1883, as printed, a Cuckoo is said to have been killed
striking at the Tuskar, November 2, 1883. ‘‘ November” is doubtless a
misprint for May. The record would otherwise be incredible,

Cuckoo.

180 MIGRATION OF BIRDS :

Great SporreD Cuckoo (Coccystes glandarius, Linn.).

Great Though not obtained, there is little reason to doubt that
ae one example in nearly adult plumage was observed at
the Skelligs light-house on April 30, 1897. Mr T. King’s
description (p. 597) is referable to no other species. The Great
Spotted Cuckoo is known to have once previously visited.
Ireland, in 1842 (Thompson, vol. i. p. 364), and then, as on
the occasion under notice, it occurred on an island off the west
coast (Omey, near Clifden, Connemara) on spring migration.

Hooror (Upupa epops, Linn.).

Hoopoe. Has twice been obtained, and in five other instances reported,
all the best authenticated occurrences being in March or
April.

An example shot at Eagle Island, E., on April 12, 1887, was
forwarded, as was also the fresh skin of a Hoopoe which
alighted on Barrels Rock Light-ship, March 28, 1894, and
which died on board four days subsequently. The spring of
1894 seems to have been distinguished by something like an
influx of the present species into Ireland, and the description
of a bird, which alighted for a few moments on Codling Bank
Light-ship on March 20, leaves little room for doubt that it
was a Hoopoe, making two March occurrences on light-ships
within eight days of each other. On April 9 of the same
year another was noted from the Old Head of Kinsale. In
1888 Mr M‘Carron reported having several times observed
one before April 25 in the vicinity of Mine Head. Of
these five spring occurrences, three were on the south coast,
one on the east, and one on the west.

The other reported instances were at Rockabill, June 12,
1886, and Innishtrahull, September 15 to 24, 1894.

[Obs—An unidentified “strange bird” seen at N. Arklow
Light-ship, September 9, 1892, may, as suggested on p. 330,
have been a Roller (Coracias garrulus, Linn.), but the deserip-
tion is not very exact. ]

KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida, Linn.).

Kingfisher. Of the two forwarded, one was found dead (supposed
to have struck lantern) at Hook Tower, September 9, 1891;

J

the other was found dead at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, Kingfisher:
July 20, 1898. On April 30, 1892, one is reported to have

rested on Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, and afterwards flown

towards the shore. The name “Kingfisher” is often mis-

applied in Ireland, and only a limited reliance can be placed

on uncorroborated records. Some birds noted as “ Kingfishers ”

at Blackrock (Mayo) in 1882, were evidently misnamed.

The evidence is insufficient to prove migration. The only

- authenticated occurrence at a station off the mainland was in

July.
_ [0bs.—The absence of Woodpeckers from the list of birds
observed at light-stations is noteworthy, particularly as con-
siderable incursions of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendro-
copus major, Linn.) took place in the autumns of 1886 and
1889.]

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881—97 181

WRYNECK (Jijnx torquilla, Linn.).

The Wryneck is known as an Irish bird on the strength Wryneck.
of six occurrences,! of which four have been at light-stations,
Viz. :-—
One shot at Rathlin O’Birne, probably in October 1878. Specimen
not forwarded, but credibly vouched for (see 1892 “ Report,”
p. 308).
One killed striking at North Arran Island Light-house, October 6,
1886; received in flesh.
One killed striking at Rockabill, September 5, 1896; received in

flesh.
One found dead at Fastnet, September 17, 1898; received in flesh.

Of two other examples obtained in Ireland, one was shot in
May in Wicklow, and one in October in Waterford.
_ There is a close analogy between the Irish occurrences of
the Wryneck and those of the Pied Flycatcher. Both species
have been chiefly obtained at light-stations, and both, though
summer visitants to Great Britain, are autumnal stragglers to
Ireland, each having been only once taken in this country
in spring. The Lesser Whitethroat (twice obtained in
autumn, but never in spring) is a third instance. What
becomes of these autumnal wanderers, in case they reach the

1 “The Wryneck in Ireland,” by Miss Lena Gyles, Zrish Naturalist, 1898, p. 16.

q

Wryneck,

Stock Dove.

Rock Dove.

182 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Irish mainland safely, is a question which we have no means
of answering, as none of them have been observed during the
winter months.

[0bs.—A conspicuous absentee from the list of birds, of
whose migration direct evidence has been adduced by the
light-keepers, is the Wood-Pigeon (Columba palumbus, Linn.).
A few of the “Pigeons” reported may be of this species, and
isolated notes from Dungarvan, Drogheda North, Killybegs,
and Slyne Head refer to “Wood-Pigeons” and “ Wood-
Quests,” but not as observed migrating. A “ Wood-Pigeon”
was once recorded “going to land” from the Tuskar (June
7, 1889), and one was reported from Rockabill, March
24,1894. These may have been either Columba palumbus or
C. enas. |

Stock Dove (Columba cenas, Linn.).

The leg and wing of a “ Pigeon” shot at the Tuskar, October
19, 1887, are the only evidence of the Stock Dove’s occurrence
at light-stations. It is not stated whether the bird was alone
or in a flock.

Rock Dove (Columba lwia, J. F. Gmelin).

The observations on “ Pigeons” are unsatisfactory from their
vagueness, but no doubt the bulk of them refer to the Rock
Dove, which does not appear to migrate.

One is said to have been caught in a fog as far as ten miles
from shore, 2.¢., at Coningbeg Light-ship (August 19, 1895),
and may have occurred at the same or other light-ships in a
considerable number of instances in which it is not clear
whether wild or tame “Pigeons” are intended. No specimen,
however, has been received from a light-ship. One is said to
have been killed striking the lantern at Rockabill, October 29,
1897.

More than 60 per cent. of the observations are from the
north and west coasts, where Rock Doves breed more numer-
ously than elsewhere. May is the month in which it has been
chiefly noted in the west, though the total number of records
from all Ireland is highest in October and December :—

y :
; ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 183

| Rock Dove.
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April) May.|June |July.| Aug. Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total

mourn Copst,; 4/1; 3] 8| 6] 2] 38]... 1 sell 7 | 50

East a3 Pale Gy Qo 8. ie 8 | 4

Or
oo

a ae ae
Domb !,o |) 8) 2).3) 6) 8117} .8) 4 7} 6| 7| 62

7
6 15 | 12 | 17 |122

13 | 16 | 18 | 24 | 35 | 26 | 14 | 17 | 22 | 39 | 28 | 39 | 291

West sez, As) GP OB |. tO | BHAA OT

io}

On the south and east coasts a decided majority (67 out
of 107) of all the observations made there, are for the half-year
September to February. On the north and west they are equally
numerous during that half-year and during the remaining six
months, March to August, 90 being recorded in the winter
half, and 94 in the summer half-year.

TuRTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

There is reason to believe that the Turtle Dove straggles in Turtle Dove.
small numbers to Ireland every spring, arriving chiefly on the
south-east coast. The first specimen received from a light-
station was from the Tuskar, shot May 12, 1886, previously to
which Turtle Doves had not been mentioned in the “ Migration
Reports”; but the light-keeper forwarding the bird spoke of
having seen one or two annually since he had been at the
station. It has subsequently been either forwarded or reported
nearly every year.

The whole number of occurrences, of which 14 are attested
by specimens, is 23, seventeen being on islands or at light-ships,
while six were on the mainland. According to months and
counties, they are as follows :—

April May. June July. Aug./Sept.| Oct,| Total.
|

Cork, 1 D sepa bel [1G Hoyt
Seeemrd. Sood eyed: of tapqyys| epioge (ibd Jn na 10
Berblow(ayihis Noosa bab-bablt dist ds tas l
USERS eer aearee et om (NR AE Se Oy | | 1
Mayo, . ' : a a | re Oe ee PM
oa gel paler igri ite eins iia Seam fa 1
Kerry, . ; : = nl ge i te igs | 3
2 7 7 1 1 4 1 23

Turtle Dove.

184 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The period over which the spring migration has been proved
to extend ranges from April 20 to June 8, examples having
been obtained on both those dates in the same year, one on the
Bull Rock (April 20, 1893) and one at Hook Tower (where it
was killed against the telephone wire, June 8, 1893).

Of two specimens obtained later in June (Killybegs, June 12,
1893, and Blackrock, Mayo, June 27, 1887), the former may
have been some days in the country before it was observed, and
the latter had probably wandered out of its course, so that
these occurrences are not necessarily evidence of late spon-
taneous migration. A “Dove,” which rested on Coningbeg
Light-ship on its north-eastward flight on July 12, 1897, may
or may not have been Turtur communis.

There are thus 17 occurrences presumably referable to the
spring migration, and only 6 to the autumnal. Five bear date
between the 8th and 12th of May, and four of these were at
Wexford stations (Tuskar and Coningbeg). The second week
in May would thus seem to be the period in which immigration
is most frequent.

The earliest autumnal occurrence was at the Old Head of
Kinsale, where an example was shot, August 19, 1889. The
latest is reported to have been caught at Berehaven Light-
house during the latter part of October 1897. Examples are
said to have been seen at the Tuskar and Fastnet on September
27, 1895, and September 28, 1896. Of three autumnal speci-
mens received, however, the latest was shot September 19,
1893. There is no evidence to show whether any of the birds
observed or obtained in autumn were arriving or departing.

As many as 17 of the 23 occurrences were along the line of
coast from Tuskar to Tearaght, while only 1 is reported from
the east coast north of the Tuskar (Arklow North Light-ship,
June 7, 1897), Although the Turtle Dove is a summer visitor
and the Black Redstart a winter visitor, their migrational
ranges on the Irish coast closely coincide, and it is curious
that stragglers of both species appear to have been noticed on
the west coast at Slyne Head and Blackrock (Mayo).

This Dove is not addicted to striking the lanterns. Of 14
specimens received, at least 9 were shot. One was killed
against a telephone wire, 1 found dead on the Tearaght Rock,
and in the 3 remaining cases precise data are not given. Two

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 185

examples which were not forwarded are reported to have been Turtle Dove.
caught.

Average length of wing, 6:99; longest, 7°37; shortest, 6°72;
difference between extremes, 0°65; percentage of variation, 9.

PALLAS’s SAND-GRovusE (Syrrhaptes paradoxus, Pallas).

The few occurrences at Irish light-stations, which were Pallas’s
recorded in 1888, call for no remark, as they add almost 5@4-Grouse.
_ nothing to what is already known of the history of its irruption
in that year. Since July 13, 1888, when one shot the previous
day at Drogheda, North, was forwarded, the Sand-Grouse does
not appear to have been observed by any light-keeper.

RED GROUSE (Lagopus scoticus, Latham).

Not a migrant. In three instances Grouse have been reported Red Grouse.

from light-stations on islands where they are not resident, viz.,
Copeland (December 22, 1894), Innishtrahull (November 1,
1883), and Blackrock, Mayo (July 11, 1884). The last-men-
tioned occurrence, if the information be correct, was remarkable,
but the specimen was not forwarded. The bird is said to have
been caught, nearly dead from exhaustion, the day after it was
first observed.

PARTRIDGE (Perdix cinerea, Latham).

As in the case of the Grouse, there is no evidence of Partridge.
migration.

The Partridge has once been reported from the Tearaght
(May 18, 1883), and three times, probably by error, from
Rockabill (May 9, 1886, October 28, 1883, and November 12,
1885). An alleged occurrence at Arklow North Light-ship,
July 22, 1892, ought in all likelihood to be accredited to the
Quail,

QUAIL (Coturniz communis, Bonnaterre).

Has been killed striking at Wexford light-stations in the Quail.
years 1892 and 1893. Had previously been only once reported,
viz., at Innishtrahull, September 11, 1882.

The instances in which specimens have been forwarded are

186 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ’

Quail, 4; all were killed striking the lanterns, 5 in spring and 1 in
autumn :—
One at Lucifer Shoals Light-ship, April 1, 1892.1
One at the Tuskar, September 22, 1892.
One at Coningbeg Light-ship, May 14, 1893.

One at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, May 14, 1893. :

Mr John Hamilton, in forwarding the example killed at the
Tuskar in September 1892, wrote of it as “ the first of its species
I have ever heard of killed striking against any lantern.” This
bird struck during a remarkable rush of many species, which
included the Wheatear, Whitethroat, Chiffchaff, Pied Wagtail,
Meadow-Pipit, and Skylark. It was forwarded in the flesh,and —
is an adult male.

Proof is lacking that the Quail has occurred on migration at
stations other than those on the Wexford coast, but it is
probable that the bird set down as a “Partridge” at Arklow
North Light-ship on July 22, 1892, was of this species.

Since 1893 Quails have not been noted, and, with the
exception of one uncorroborated record in 1882, all the light-
station occurrences have been in the years 1892 and 1893.

CoRN-CRAKE (Crea pratensis, Bechstein).

Cis: Both the earliest and latest observations of the Corn-Crake
Crake. on spring migration are from the Tuskar :—

Earliest,” . : : April 17, 1885.
Latest, j é : May 29, 1883.

The earliest specimen was from the Tearaght, found dead
April 19, 1891, at the feeding-place of a Peregrine. The latest
—with data as to when killed—was shot at the Tuskar, May 15,
1885. Three examples have been found dead at later dates
than this—up to June 16—but these were not ascertained to
have been killed recently. There is thus no direct evidence of
spring migration after May 29.

1 The leg and wing of this specimen were not forwarded until November 1,
and that date, instead of April 1, when it is said to have been killed, is given
in the ‘‘ Report” for 1892, pp. 272 and 309. The light-keeper states that the
bird had only one leg.

2 Discounting a very improbable record from the same station, dated March
28, 1884.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 187

Some of the outlying haunts of the Corn-Crake do not appear
to be always reached by the above date. The first hearing or
observing of this bird on Innishtrahull—our most northerly
station—has been recorded later than May 31 in four out of
nine years.

Of a total of 71 observations during April, May, and June,
42 are strictly migrational, 7.c., record either instances of striking
the lantern, or occurrences at light-ships or rock-stations only
visited on passage. Of these, 10 were in April and 32 in May,
the distribution in shorter periods being—

April 1-10, . J Be. | May 1-10, . ROS
»,. 11-20, aw 2 », LI-20, 15
” 21-30, . . 8 | ” 21-31, . . 4

Total, ., 20 | Total, 32

The principal immigration thus appears to be a little later
than that of the Cuckoo! Of 11 specimens obtained in spring,
6 were killed between May 5th and 13th.

The autumnal movement is not attested by a sufficient
number of occurrences to show what is the principal period of
departure. The instances in which Corn-Crakes have been
reported from rock-stations during the latter half of the year
are 9—and all of these are not to be relied on—2 in July,
2 in August, 4 in September, and 1 in November. Only two
specimens have been sent, one killed striking at the Tuskar,
September 24, 1886, the other without data.

The two July occurrences were on the 30th of that month
(in different years), at Rockabill and Rathlin O’Birne. It
seems improbable that these indicate the beginning of the
autumnal exodus, and they yield in point of interest to the
August entries, which are at any rate sufficiently singular :—

“ Rockabill—August 12, 1894, one on rock at 7 AM.; flew
ashore.”

“ Tuskar.—August 22, 1882, one Corn-Crake going N.W.”

The possibility of error here is the more appreciable, as
specimens of the Spotted Crake have twice been obtained at

1 At Fassaroe, Bray, during the past thirty-five years, the Corn-Crake has
been first heard, on an average, three or four days later than the Cackoo,

Corn-
Crake.

Corn-
Crake.

188 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

rock-stations in August; but owing to the scarcity of the latter
bird, and to its never having been sent from an east coast
station, these occurrences cannot be confidently referred to it.
If rightly placed under Land-Rail, they afford some evidence
of a hitherto unsuspected immigration of that species towards
the end of summer.

The September observations are one at the Skelligs, September
1, 1897; two on consecutive nights at the Tuskar, September 23rd
and 24th, 1886; and one from Rockabill to the following effect,
sent by Mr H. Kelly, who, writing on October 3, 1887, says,
“a few nights ago there was a great rush of Skylarks, Thrushes,
Blackbirds, Snipe, and Land-Rail.” A Corn-Crake’s leg without
data, and accompanied by legs and wings of the Wheatear,
Whitethroat, Sedge Warbler, and Titlark, was received from the
Tuskar, October 25, 1896, but there is no proof of either the
present species or the Whitethroat having been observed on
migration during that month; and a “Corn-Crake” reported
from Rockabill on November 19, 1885, was, from the time of
occurrence, probably a Water-Rail.

Thus there is no certain evidence of autumnal migration in
any other month than September, the best attested occurrences
being on September 23rd and 24th, at the Tuskar.

The Corn-Crake seems to occur much more frequently at the
last-named light-station than at any other. Of 42 spring
observations, as many as 17 were at the Tuskar, Rockabill
coming next with 6. Of the 9 autumnal records, 4 are from
Rockabill and 3 from the Tuskar, besides which the latter
station sent an undated specimen. On the west coast, the
bird appears to have three times straggled to Rathlin O’Birne,
and twice (in May) to Blackrock (Mayo). There is evidence
that it occasionally visits the Skelligs both in spring and
autumn, and the remains of three examples, eaten by Pere-
grines, have in different years been forwarded from the
Tearaght, whither some of them may, however, have been
carried by the Falcons from the adjacent island of Innish-
Vicillane. So far as is known, only east coast lanterns have
been struck, and one south coast station (Hook Tower); but a
bird, which had probably been killed striking, was found dead at
Mine Head, May 1, 1887.

According to counties, the 51 observations which were counted

,.
ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 189

as migrational in endeavouring to compute the times of arrival Corn-
and departure are distributed as follows :— —s

Spring. Autumn. Total.

Waterford, . ; ‘ 1 _ 1
Wexford, ; F - af 3 24
Wicklow, , 2 “at 2
Dublin, 7 4 11
Down, 2 2
Antrim, 1 1
Donegal, 2 1 3
Mayo, . 2 ae 2
Kerry, 4 1 5

42 9 51

Only 3 observations are from the south coast, while 38 are
from the east, and 10 from the west. The islands of the north
coast, though regularly visited, afford no instance of an occur-
rence which can be classed as migrational.

The light-ships of the east coast furnish two interesting
records of Corn-Crakes occurring in large numbers about the lan-
terns in spring. On May 5, 1888, Mr Wall (at Arklow South
Light-ship) reports “hundreds of Corn-Crakes about light 10.30
P.M. to 12.20 a.m.; large numbers killed against glass, two fell
dead on deck, several fell overboard; one caught alive and let
go; went off N.W. flying low; weather clear, light breeze S.W.”
This remarkable note is confirmed by two specimens. On May
16, 1893, Mr Wall observed another and somewhat similar rush
of Corn-Crakes on Arklow North Light-ship during rain; but
though many were about the light from 9 P.M. to midnight,
none on this occasion were killed.
~ The Corn-Crake has struck at the Tuskar in autumn along
with the Whitethroat and Chiffchaff (September 24, 1886), but
there is no evidence that it has done so in spring in the company
of any other species, and possibly (as Mr Wall’s observations go
to show) it migrates at that season in flocks of its own kind.

Notwithstanding the doubts which are commonly expressed
as to this bird’s ability to migrate, it would appear to be an
exceptionally powerful flier, for though it has repeatedly been
killed or caught striking the lanterns, it has only once been
reported as seeming exhausted (Tuskar, May 16, 1883),

Corn-

Crake.

Spotted

Crake.

Water-
Rail.

190 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

An example is said to have been shotsin a wood, by the light-
keeper at the Old Head of Kinsale, on December 20, 1884.

Only eight wings were available for measurement.

Average length of wing, 5°62; longest, 5°95; shortest, 5°32;
difference between extremes, 0°62; percentage of variation, 11.

SPOTTED CRAKE (Porzana maruetta, Leach).

Has twice occurred in August, at island rock-stations off the
south-west coast.

An example was caught at the Tearaght, August 21, 1887, on
a ledge of rock, where it endeavoured to escape by running into
ahole. Its skin was forwarded in the following October. On
August 20, 1895, one was received in the flesh from the Fastnet.
Though without data, it must have been caught or killed during
the same month.

WATER-RAIL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

The light-house records prove this species to be much more
of a migrant in Ireland than is generally supposed. The
number of specimens forwarded, including one with incom-
plete data, is 35, while only 13 examples of the Corn-Crake
have been received; in fact, the Water-Rail is more frequently
sent than any other non-passerine bird. For thirteen con-
secutive years (1886-98) it has been sent in the flesh every
autumn.

Apart from the specimens, the evidence is meagre, as the
bird is not sufficiently known to be generally recognised.
Often forwarded as a “strange bird,” or as a “Land-Rail,”
it has in isolated instances been called “Quail” and “ Water-
Hen.” Adding the observations and specimens together, how-
ever, they afford evidence of 48 occurrences—a larger number
than can be cited for the Corn-Crake, if we exclude instances in
which the latter bird’s presence was announced by its familiar ery.

Thirty-four specimens, with data, occurred in the following
months :—

January, . : ie will | July, .

. February, . . OE August, sAalaeeel
March, : Page September, : he:
April, . Ce October, . OG
Magi. ¢ine eect Dhar: _ November, . i 1038

June, . -fttad December, . . bate

ole ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 191

i

hs
f

We find the autumnal migration more or less continuous
from September to January, these months yielding as many as

. 731 instances.

Earliest September 5, 1889, Rathlin O’Birne.
ee September 5, 1898, Blackrock (Mayo).
Latest, January 9, 1895, Blacksod Point.

The above three records are on the north-west (Donegal and
_ Mayo) coast. Here the Water-Rail’s occurrence on migration

_ is frequent, but it is a barren district for most migrants.

In spring only three have been obtained.

Earliest, March 27, 1897, Rockabill.
Latest, April 29, 1896, Rathlin Island.

(The intermediate occurrence being at Blackwater Bank Light-
ship, April 6, 1891.)
The first ten days of November have produced more specimens

than any other period of equal length. This appears from the

following table, in which the examples from each section of the
coast on autumnal migration are placed in separate columns,

| South, Kast. North. West. Total.
|
| aa 1-10, . mee 2 2
11-20, y une, on iy u .
A a an ee 1 1 ay oe 2
October 1-10,. 2 f ad 1 3
a pea, 08 UF Das i. re) los
a ae 3 2 SOT ahd Xl 6
November 1- 10, : : 3 | | 1 8
a4 11-20, . anit 2 vO ais§ 5
gin 21-80, . Lael! eed: 1
December 1- 10, . ide Fen ne = xt ie
: a Me 1 9 1
set? BeSijorio (bicos a 2 3
January 1- 10, . Ba) eke be gee eae | 1
. 1K 20, . ‘ t bt hills baad Ue |
cs 91-31, oh ovras ri inablari &. ttaoul,
paeniaeats TS |e ah en pe vis
| 9 9 4 9 31 |
(

It would seem from the foregoing figures that migration
on the south and east coast has a better defined period than on
the west, the 18 specimens from the south and east having
all been received between September 24 and November 19

Water-
Rail.

192 MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7

Water- (a period of eight weeks), while of 9 from the west, there is
aint period of eighteen weeks between the earliest and latest.

Western stations have sent ten examples (including one with
incomplete data) killed in autwmn, whereas no other section
of the coast has forwarded more than nine. The number
of years in which the west coast has sent specimens in autumn ~
is nine, while the south and east have each furnished them
in only six. The north coast, with only three good light-
stations, contributed specimens in three years.

These facts are very interesting when we remember the
ereat stream of migration in other species annually witnessed
on the south and east coast, and how scanty it is in the
west, Many of our Water-Rails probably arrive by a route
little traversed by other birds; at any rate, it has a tendency
to land them on the west, and particularly on the north-west
coast. The light-stations from Innishtrahull to South Arran
Island have yielded one-third (11 out of 32) of the whole
autumnal series. Not only so, but there is some evidence
(though the wording is ambiguous) of the Water-Rail’s having
occurred numerously at the lantern of Tory Island light-house,
in a rush of birds noted on the night of November 26, 1894,
Mr E. Rohu reports, “ nwmbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings,
and Land-Rail about lantern during night; numbers struck;
none killed but Land-Rail.” A leg and wing of a Water-Rail
were received. This account may imply that each of the four
species noted was in “numbers,” and if so, this is the only
“rush ” of Water-Rails ever reported.

Tory Island would be the most direct point of arrival for
birds reaching Ireland from Iceland, where the Water-Rail
is said to be partially resident.

A curious coincidence, which would corroborate the con-
jecture that this species visits us from Iceland, has already
been noticed in dealing with the Snow Bunting. On the night
of October 29, 1892, three birds were killed striking at the
Tuskar—a Snow Bunting, Water-Rail, and Purple Sandpiper.
This simultaneous occurrence at one station of three birds which
breed in Iceland, unaccompanied, so far as is known, by any
other species, is rendered more significant by the fact that
another Water-Rail was killed striking on the same night at
South Arran Island, and another Purple Sandpiper at the

| ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 193

Tearaght. No other example of either Rallus aquaticus or
Tringa striata was forwarded that year. On the night in
question a migration of both species was probably in progress,
alike on our east and west coasts; and on both sections of the
coast there is evidence that Snow Buntings participated in the
movement, for on the Tearaght some were noted on October 30,

An exceptionally large immigration of Water-Rails took
place in November 1887, when seven were forwarded in one
fortnight, chiefly killed at lanterns. These occurrences were
scattered all round the coast—two on the south, two. on the
east, two on the north, and one on the west.

Excluding one without data, 34 specimens were received, 25
of which were killed striking. Of the 9 remaining, 2 were shot,
1 was picked up at a Peregrine’s feeding-place on the Tearaght,
and 6, no doubt exhausted after migration, were caught on
islands of the north and west coasts—3 being captured in
erevices of the rocks or under stones in the beach, in the
months of September, November, and December.

A Water-Rail caught on Rathlin Island in December 1897
weighed slightly more than 5 ounces, but one from Copeland
(Mew) Island, which had been caught striking on the night of
November 10, weighed only 2? ounces.

The measurements of 26 wings obtained in mia show that
the earlier arrivals are somewhat longer winged than the later.

13 earliest (September 5 to November 6) average in length, 4°59 inches.
13 latest (November 8 to January 9) * - 4°56

”

Average length of wing, 4:56; longest, 4:90; shortest, 4°10;
difference between extremes, ‘80; percentage of variation, 17}.

WartTeER-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.),

Though the Water-Hen is a bird of sedentary habits, there
are grounds for believing that a cross-channel migration occa-
sionally takes place, chiefly in autumn. In only one instance
is the Water-Hen recorded as migrating by day, 2.¢., at Coningbeg
Light-ship, where six are reported “going N.E.” at 4.30 P.M, on
March 24, 1888. All the other records, at stations off the
shore, relate to birds which were either killed, disabled, or
rested on rocks or light-ships. Six, killed or disabled, have

W

Water-
Rail.

Water-Hen.

194 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Water-Hen. been received—four in autumn and two in spring. Five of
these were obtained on the east coast and one on the west.
The spring migration is based on the observation from Con-
ingbeg Light-ship (March 24, 1888), and on the two specimens
—one killed striking at Drogheda N., April 2, 1894, and one
disabled striking at 8. Rock Light-ship, April 10, 1889. :
Of the autumnal migration, there is some evidence from east
coast stations in every month from July to December :—

July 29 and 30, 1895: Tuskar, one Water-Hen on rock for a whole
day.

August 23, 1892: Blackwater Bank Light-ship, one “unknown
bird” about light at 2 a.m., killed striking. [Leg and wing of
Water-Hen received. |

September 16, 1888: Tuskar, one found dead on rock. [Leg and
wing received. ]

October 29, 1897: Codling Bank Light-ship, one in ship at 9 A.M.

November 17, 1898: Rockabill, one caught on rock. [Received in
flesh. |

December 12, 1882: Rockabill, Water-Hen noted.

The months in which specimens have been received from the
east coast are thus April, August, September, and November.

On October 28, 1886, at 11.30 P.M, one struck “with tre-
mendous force” at Rathlin O’Birne, on the west coast. In
the south there are two doubtful observations from Coningbeg
in October, and a specimen from Mine Head, December 2,
1896, probably not a migrant. Water-Hens are noted as
newly-arrived birds at N. Arran Island (November 6, 1885)
and Innishtrahull (December 16, 1882). The few remaining
observations are from the mainland, or from large islands,
where the species is probably resident.

Of the 18 reported occurrences, there were one each in March,
July, August, and September, two in April, and four each in
October, November, and December.

The specimens lead us to suppose that this species arrives
chiefly on the east coast.

All the examples obtained on autumnal migration had wings
of less than the average length, and may have been immature
birds.

Average length of wing, 666; longest (in spring), 7:07.
shortest (in autumn), 6°32; difference between extremes, 0°75;
percentage of variation, 11.

1

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 196

Coot (Fulica atra, Linn.),

The evidence of migration consists of 5 specimens, all killed
striking the lanterns in autumn—one in September, two in
October, and two in November.

Earliest, September 22, 1887, Arklow South Light-ship.
Latest, November 24, 1892, Blackwater Bank Light-ship.

The other examples were killed at Dungarvan, October 26,

1889; Mew Island, November 9, 1898; and South Arran

Island, October 18, 1892. Thus 1 struck on the south coast,
3 on the east, and 1 on the west.

The Coot is occasionally noticed in winter at western
stations (Aranmore, January 19, 1888, and Killybegs, November
28, 1892), where it is regarded as uncommon.

Unlike the Water-Hen, it has never been obtained or reported
in spring.

The specimens are all autumnal, but whether any of the
examples forwarded at that season are adult or not is uncertain.
Of four wings measured (the South Arran bird not having
been preserved), the longest falls considerably short of the
average given in “Saunders’s Manual” for that of a full-grown
Coot, viz., 8°5 inches.

Average length (from four specimens), 7°90; longest, 8°12;
shortest, 7°65; difference between extremes, 0°57; percentage
of variation, 7.

STONE CURLEW (Gidicnemus scolopax, S. G. Gmelin).

This is a rare straggler to Ireland, but it appears to have been
twice observed near Killybegs Light-house in the winter of
1892-93 (p. 367). The exact dates are not given in the
schedules.

RINGED PLOVER (4/gialttis heaticola, Linn.).

This common coast-bird is seldom distinguished from the
other smaller Zimicole—generally styled “Sand-Larks,”—and
scarcely any evidence as to its migrations has been received.
Of 8 specimens forwarded, 2 were correctly named, 1 was
sent as “ Dotterel,” 1 as “ Ball-Fowl” (? Bull-Fowl), and 4 as
“unknown.” There are 42 uncorroborated observations, in-
cluding those in which “Dotterel” and “Sand-Plover” are

Coot.

Stone
Curlew.

Ringed
Plover.

Ringed
Plover.

Golden
Plover.

196 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

reported, and of these 29 are in the half-year March to
August, and only 13 in the half-year September to February.
The Ringed Plover rarely strikes the lanterns, and of the
specimens received, at least 3—probably 4—-were shot. Of the
remainder, 3 struck and 1 was found dead, no two having been
obtained in the same month or on the coast of the same

province.
One was killed striking, May 17, 1893, at the Maidens (Ulster
coast).
One found dead, July 28, 1896, at Blackrock, Mayo (Connaught
coast).

One caught striking, November 27, 1894, at Samphire Island
(Munster coast).

One caught disabled, December 14, 1899, at Hook Tower (Leinster

coast).

Its arrival “to breed” on Mew Island has been noted at
dates varying from April 3 to May 16, and Ringed Plover
have been reported from Coningbeg Light-ship on April 6 and
May 16, in the latter instance going towards land. These
notes, along with the specimen killed striking on May 17, 1893,
at the Maidens, and one observation at the Tuskar on May 27,
1895, furnish all the evidence touching the spring migration.

Between August 3 and October 17, “ Dotterels” or Ringed
Plover are said to have been five times observed at light-
ships (Coningbeg and South Arklow). At South Arklow
they were noted three times at night by Mr W. Clydesdale
during the first ten days of August 1891. The specimen
from Blackrock (Mayo) is the only additional evidence of
migration at or near this period.

Of 4 examples weighed, 3 varied from 24 to 24 oz., but the
weight of the specimen caught at Hook Tower, December 14,
1899, was only 14 oz.

Average length of wing, 5°27; longest, 5:42; shortest, 5°10;
difference between extremes, 0°32; percentage of variation, 6.

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).
The numbers of Golden Plover are largely augmented in
autumn. It is reported to have struck the lanterns in every
month from September to May, thus :—

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan, Feb, March. April. May. Total.
2 4 1 3 2 2 3 5 1 23

fe

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 197

It is frequently observed at light-stations from September Golden
to April, especially in the west and north. From May to Plover
August the observations are very few (16 out of 279 for the
whole year).

Jan, | Feb, | Mar.|April} May.| June/July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec, |Total

Bearcoist,| 10, 6G) 5 | Tl. | Ly... | Ly 5) 7 | 5 1°20] 61
East ,, DOr Ghia Cent Te ee Nc el Tia gle to Gilet ne
oe .. | 6|10|,6) 4} 2] 1| 1|°4) 7) &|-6|-9] 60
West ,, | 8| 7/10/14] 3]... |... |... | 10] 21 | 16 | 17 {106
98 | 32 | 27 | 27 6) 2] a] 7/23 | 40/34 | 52 )270

|

December shows the highest total number of observations,
October coming second, and November third. The few records
in June and July are probably not migrational, but a flock has
been noted at the Maidens on August 11, 1882.

At first sight it might seem from the figures in the foregoing
table that the present species arrives chiefly on the west coast,
and that the east coast (contrary to the usual rule) is the least
frequented route. That this is an incorrect inference becomes
evident from the records of Golden Plover striking the lanterns.
The coast-distribution of these is as follows :—

South, 3; East, 14; North, 4; West, 2—total, 23.

Thus the west coast, where the birds are most observed, is
the section where they are least given to striking, while the
east coast, where they are Jeast observed, is that on which they
strike most. The large number of observations from the western
side of the island is due to two causes—Ist, the west coast is
the favoured resort of the Plover during their stay; 2nd, the
movements are local, and not migrational in the larger sense.

Of eight records of this species striking in March and April,
five are from light-ships on the east coast of Wexford. This
shows that there is probably a spring immigration, as departing
birds would not at that season be likely to start from the south-
east corner of Ireland; and this inference is corroborated by
the few notes which show the direction of the flight, this being

Golden
Plover.

198 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

principally towards land. A flock has been reported going
N.W. at the Tuskar as late as April 21, 1886.

In autumn there is only one case of striking noted from a
Wexford station, while there are four from the north-east
coast-line between Mew Island and Innishtrahull; and if we
analyse the total number of observations from the Tuskar
and the Wexford light-ships, there is a decided preponderance
of vernal over autumnal occurrences, the number for each
month being,—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
3 7 4 4 or ae yas 1 1 1 afd 2

Taking the observations from the northern extremity of the
east coast, from South Rock Light-ship to Rathlin Island, we
find here, on the contrary, an autumnal preponderance.

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2 3 1 3 cic ae oie 2 2 3 if 7

Thus at each season the Golden Plover is most noted on that
part of the east coast on which it might be expected to arrive
—1.¢., at the southern extremity in spring, and the northern in
autumn.

There is evidence of some migration at all periods from
August 11 to May 5, the autumnal movement being greatest in
October, and the spring movement in April. At both seasons
the principal observed movements seem to be immigratory, and
from the east; but only a small proportion of the arriving
birds are seen, and practically none of the departing flights are
witnessed. .

The light-stations at which it is reported to have struck
are Fastnet, Hook Tower, Blackwater Bank, Arklow South,
Arklow North, Rockabill, South Rock, Mew Island, Maidens,
Innishtrahull, Tory Island, and Slyne Head. The earliest
occurrence at a lantern in autumn was at the Fastnet,
September 15, 1884; the latest in spring was at Innishtrahull,
May 5, 1888.

Of 11 forwarded, 7 were shot, while only 4 were killed
striking (two in December, one in January, and one in April) ;
but as the light-keepers generally know this bird, which they
call the “Grey Plover,” their statements as to its having struck
on about a score of other occasions are probably correct.

3
.

=P eA”

a

He

| a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 199

A wing, whose measurement is given in the Appendix (p. 654)
as 66, proves to be imperfect, and ought not to have been
included. The remainder show little variation.

Average leneth, 744; longest, 7°77; shortest, 7:27; differ-
ence between extremes, 0°5 ; percentage of variation, 64.

GREY PLoveER (Squatarola helvetica, Linn.).

No evidence of migration has been received, possibly because

this bird is not distinguished by the light-keepers from the

Golden Plover—to which they usually apply the name of this
species.

Two examples were shot at Drogheda North (a mainland-
station) in 1893—one on January 14, the other on October 9.
The first had been observed two days before it was shot,
and was forwarded as an unknown bird.

LAPWING (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechstein).

The Lapwing is well known, and there are probably few
erroneous entries. The largest migratory movements observed
take place in March.

The total number of observations is 480, distributed as follows
among the different months and sections of the coast :—

Jan. | Feb.| Mar.|April] May.| June|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total
meme OSI 22 eel | 2) al a | B17 | 20.1 a2 | 113
Kast 45 39 | 27 | 38 | 17 Mal) chigee.. eet 8 | 14 | 82 | 39 | 221
North ,, CEE CLAD Hie PD) he 4G ME Sa GL Bie 4 UES 6H
West ,, 5 | 13 | 14 6 1 1 1 3 ATI ee | 85

59 | 62 | 80} 29) 12] 6] 6] 6 | 28 | 47 | 68 | 82 | 480

In this table March and December appear practically equal,
but if we deduct records made at mainland-stations, the high
total for December is largely reduced. The numbers for each
month then stand as follows :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec.

ee etietey 28010 wed 8, 6 of BGornt4d 48

Compared with many other species, the predominance of
March in the case of the Lapwing is very remarkable, and it

Golden
Plover.

Grey
Plover.

Lapwing.

200 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Lapwing. becomes still more conspicuous if we estrict our attention to
the records of light-ships and rock-stations on the south and
east coast. Eight light-ships and four island-rocks (Fastnet,
Tuskar, Rockabill, and Maidens) furnish 165 observations :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
29 23 48 13 5 Ric 1 ues 1 8 16 21

This shows an unusual state of things, for the Lapwing is
much more abundant on the mainland in winter than in summer.

The spring movement seems to consist to some extent of
birds on their northward passage to Scotland, for Lapwings
have several times been noted going N.E. or N. (z.e., seawards)
from the Maidens, almost simultaneously with the appearance
of flocks at the Wexford light-ships. Thus in the spring of
1891 they are reported at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, March
18th, and going N. at the Maidens, March 19th. In 1892,
between March 16th and 18th, they are reported at Coningbeg
Light-ship, Mew Island, the Maidens, and Tory Island, the
movement at the Maidens being N.E. on the 16th, though on :
the 18th a few were seen going W. In 1894, between March
24th and 26th, occurrences of this species are noted at Con-
ingbeg, Blackwater Bank, Arklow South Light-ship, and the
Maidens, the direction being N.W. at the Wexford stations,
while at the Maidens it was E. In 1887 an extensive move-
ment was reported from a number of southern stations during
the first ten days of March, when Lapwings were observed at
the Tuskar on March 38rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 10th; at the
Skelligs, March 4th and 6th; at the Fastnet, March 5th; at
Coningbeg Light-ship, March 7th; and at Barrels Rock Light-
ship, March 11th—in all cases going towards land. In that
year there were unfortunately no spring schedules from the
north-east coast. We may, however, infer from the analogous
records of other years that these birds passed northward towards
Scotland or the Hebrides.

There are more observations at light-ships and rock-stations
during the first ten days of March than at any other period.

nS ai He

Date. Obs. Date. Obs. Date. Obs. ‘
February 1-10, 4 | March 1-10, 20 April 1-10, 10
a LI=205 Z| ZO a > , Lire

» «21-29, 12 ji g-siy! 14. [en he eeo nem

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 201

The spring movement seems to be virtually over by April 10,
though a Lapwing is said to have been killed at Coningbeg
Light-ship on the night of May 7, 1883, and “ Plovers” were
reported about the lantern at South Rock Light-ship as late as
May 12, 1890.

There is little evidence of autumnal migration before October.
In one instance, however, a Lapwing is said to have been killed
striking at the Maidens on September 12 (1884). November is
_ the month in which occurrences at /anterns are most numerously
reported, and is probably the season of principal immigration.
The Lapwing is not often reported as killed at the lanterns, but
is frequently noted as “plentiful in the rays of light,” as if
attracted by the glare and yet too wary to dash itself against
the glass.

Though as many as 480 observations are recorded, only 5
specimens which are known to have struck the lanterns have
been received. A shot example has also been forwarded, and
two without data, making a total of 8. Of the 5 killed
striking, two were obtained in February, one in April, one in
October, and one in November. All struck on the east coast,
and all except the April specimen at stations north of Dublin.

Symptoms of exhaustion are occasionally noticed in the
Lapwing in spring. Observations at that season are chiefly
made on the southern half of the coast. A tired bird is
reported from the Tearaght, March 24, 1883, and one which
“did not appear to be strong” rested on Arklow South Light-
ship, March 26, 1894; while at the Fastnet, March 15, 1885,
the light-keeper notes “two on the rock, and one drowned,” the
latter having apparently fallen into the water from fatigue. As
there are no such entries in autumn, we may infer that the
spring visitants travel a longer distance than those which come
in October and November.

Average length of wing, 8°62; longest, 8°87; shortest, 8:30;
difference between extremes, 0°57 ; percentage of variation, 7.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

A bird which few of the light-keepers distinguish, and little
reliance can be placed on uncorroborated records.
Specimens have been sent in every month except January

Lapwing.

Turnstone.

Turnstone.

Oyster-
Catcher.

202 MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7

and July, the total number received being 14, of which 8 were
shot, 4 killed striking lanterns, 1 found dead, and 1 sent without
data. The latest dated specimen in spring was shot at the
Tuskar, June 6, 1898; the earliest in autumn was killed strik-
ing at Slyne Head, August 18, 1895. Two killed striking
(September 24, 1892, and December 31, 1891) were forwarded —
from Hook Tower; the other struck at St John’s Point, Down,
February 1,1897. The occurrences are too few to prove any-
thing of the Turnstone’s migration route. No example is
known to have struck in May, the season of its north-
ward passage. ‘There is reason to believe that a few scattered
flocks of non-breeding birds remain all the summer on rocky
parts of the coast.

Four have been received from the south coast, four from the
east, two from the north, and four from the west.

A pale-coloured form, killed at Hook Tower, was beauti-
fully stuffed by Messrs Williams, and has been presented to
Mr Whittaker, and added to his well-known collection of
varieties.

Average length of wing, 6:02; longest, 6°25; shortest, 5°62;
difference between extremes, 0°62; percentage of variation, 10.

OysTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

There is a singular dearth of evidence relating to this bird as
a migrant. Common all round the coast, and well known to
the light-keepers as “Sea-Pie” (a word which is not unfre-
quently rendered “Sepoy ”), it is scarcely ever reported from a
light-ship, or as striking a lantern; and no specimen has been
received.

On two occasions Sea-Pies are said to have been killed
striking—one at North Arran Island, August 20,1884, and one
at Hook Tower, November 19, 1892. Some were also reported
“about the light” at South Rock Light-ship, October 7, 1893,
and at Samphire Island, November 27, 1894. These isolated
records need corroboration. a
* The only light-ship besides South Rock at which this species
has been noted is Coningbeg, where it has been reported on four
occasions (three in May, one in September).

The total number of observations for each month and section

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 203

of the coast are tabulated below. They are most numerous in
September, and least so in July.

.

+ Jan. | Feb. | Mar. Leni May.| June! July | Aug. |Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total
MisenthCoast,| 3/1) 5| 4] 6| 6}. } 1] 9] 4] 4] 2] 45
Mima, |11| 6| 4| 8| 9| 6| 8] 6|10] 8| 9| 9] 89
eMorth-,, | 8|.1|-1| 3| 2 | lee eth d | dal og
|West ,, | 8| 9/18/18} 10) 5} 5] 11] 10] 8/13/ 5 fa5

Flocks are common from September to May. Reports
of “large flocks” are exceptional during summer, but “about

two hundred” were noted at Drogheda North Light-house

on July 13, 1892, and there are similar records from the

same station, July 30 and August 6, 1894; while both at Hook
_ Tower and Dungarvan large flocks have been mentioned during

the second week in June.

YELLOW-BILLED SHEATHBILL (Chionis alba, Latham).

A female shot at Carlingford Lough Light-house by
Mr Richard Hamilton, December 2, 1892, and forwarded in
the flesh, is the only example known to have been obtained in
a wild state north of the tropics (see Zoologist, 1893, pp. 28, 29).

The home of Chionis alba is the Falkland Islands and
South Georgia. Differences of opinion will naturally exist as
to how the intervening distance of over 7000 miles had been
traversed, but it is a well-known fact that this bird has been
seen at great distances from land in the southern seas. All
that need be observed here is that the Sheathbill was received
in perfect plumage and condition, and that (as.stated on pp. 314,
315) neither Mr A. G. More, who identified the specimen, nor
Mr Williams, who skinned and mounted it, could detect any
trace of confinement.

GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

An irregular visitant, which has struck the lanterns on four
occasions in autumn, the earliest date being August 22, and
the latest, November 4.

Oyster-
Catcher,

Yellow-
billed
Sheathbill.

Grey
Phalarope.

Grey
Phalarope.

——~__-

7

The Grey Phalarope’s habit of swimming attracts the atten-
tion of the light-keepers, who would otherwise probably regard
it as a common “Sand-Lark.” Owing to this peculiarity,
examples are sometimes shot and forwarded for identification,
besides which a few instances are recorded in which birds
believed to be of the present species were seen in the water,
but were not obtained.

It occurred in the autumns of 1886, 1889, 1891, 1892, and
1893; and probably in those of 1896 and 1897. Thus :—

BOL MIGRATION OF BIRDS

1886. November 13, one shot at Dungarvan. [Identified by Mr
R. J. Ussher. ]

1889. October, three birds, probably of this species, at Blackrock
(Mayo).

», November 1, one disabled striking at Slyne Head. [Received.]
1891. October 6, one shot at Slyne Head. [Received.]

9, two birds, probably Grey Phalaropes, in water at
Barrels Rock Light-ship.

‘A » 11, another seen at Slyne Head.

12, three at Rathlin O’Birne; two of them shot.
[Received. ]

" » 22, four at Killybegs, all probably shot. [Received.]

A 29, nine reported at Rathlin O’Birne.

1892. nee 22, one killed striking at Arklow S. Light-ship.
[ Received. ]

» November 4, one killed striking at Rockabill. [Received.]
1893. October 17, one killed striking at Slyne Head. [Received.]
1896. October 8, three reported at Skelligs.

» November 15,two ,, 4
1897. December 27, four _,, 3

” ”

Thus of 15 occurrences, one was in August, nine were in
October, four in November, and one (not confirmed by specimen)
in December.

Eleven of the above 15 records are from the west coast,
which contributes 9 out of a total number of 11 specimens
received. One western light-house, Slyne Head, has forwarded
examples in three different years (1889, 1891, and 1893), and
two of the specimens obtained at this station had struck the
lantern.

The most noteworthy incursion of the Grey Phalarope was
in October 1891, in which month seven specimens were
received, all from west coast stations between Rathlin O’Birne

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 205

and Slyne Head. This visitation was probably due to the heavy
gales from the west which prevailed during the early part of
the month, and which are chiefly remembered in connection
with the large numbers of Petrels driven to our coasts at the
same time, including two examples of Wilson’s Petrel (Oceanites
oceanicus, Kuhl), the first of that species known to have been
obtained in Ireland. To the same series of gales we also
possibly owe the visit of the first specimen of the Red-necked
Phalarope (Phalaropus hyperboreus, Linn.) obtained in our
island, which was shot in the earlier half of November 1891.
It is remarkable that none of these visitants struck the lanterns.
All the seven specimens of the Grey Phalarope forwarded from
light-stations in 1891 appear to have been shot; whereas the
four examples forwarded in other years (1889, 1892, and 1893)
were all either killed or disabled striking.

This species is not known to have occurred at any light-
stations on the north coast, nor on the east coast except in the
autumn of 1892, when two specimens were killed striking
(August 22 and November 4). The only authenticated occur-
rence on the south coast was that of the bird shot at Dungarvan
in 1886.

Of seven wings measured, the average length is nearly
5 inches. The two longest winged examples are the birds
which struck on the east coast in the autumn of 1892, the
other five being from western stations.

Average length of wing, 4:99; longest, 5:25; shortest, 4°85 ;
difference between extremes, 0°4; percentage of variation, 8.

Wooncock (Scelopax rusticula, Linn.).

Considering the extensive immigration which annually takes
place, it is strange that only ten specimens have been forwarded
as killed striking in sixteen years, all between October 26 and
January 1,—one in October, seven in November, one in
December, and one in January. Its nocturnal habits probably
save the Woodcock from bewilderment on dark nights. It
has been reported striking as early as September 21 (Killy-
begs, 1883), and there is a doubtful record as late as May 26
(Coningbeg Light-ship, 1884), (see Snipe). The observations for
each month and section of the coast are,—

Grey
Phalarope.

Woodcock.

206 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

;
Woodcock. ++ Vesela x

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April] May.|June | July | Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total
South Coast,| 3 | Ldbaserh soaplucsoth seech 2g) an
East _,, Bho loi8deodd..e Joanie] Laid: abeldduliaeleiat
North ,, Ay aa PoP sae) 2) ae gs ei Gs
West ,, Bale ed 1 2} 4{14] 80] 27| 90

‘aztis| 9/1] 2! 3]..| 3] 5|80| 51 | 50 \186

The whole number at stations north of Dublin is 126; at
stations south of Dublin, 60. The Ulster coast shows rather
more than half the records from the whole coast of Ireland,—

Munster, 41; Leinster, 23; Ulster, 98; Connaught, 24—total, 186.

Although the north and west coasts yield so large a pro-
portion of the autumnal and winter records, they yield only
two in spring (March to May), while the east coast has

furnished nine.
Omitting May, June, July, and August, the map below

AS NGS dads igi

$2

WOODCOCK.

oe
“a

S 1 =One observation in spring.
A 19=Nineteen observations in autumn,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 207

hows the number of spring and autumn records at each Woodcock.
ht-station—the last four months of the year counting as
‘autumn, and the first four months as spring. Since the
January migration is in nearly all cases a cold weather move-
‘ment, stations appear as participating in the real spring
“migration which have really only received refugees from snow
and frost.
‘There is good reason to suspect that the June and August :
entries are errors! and we have no satisfactory evidence of
migration during those months.

The autumnal observations may be arranged in periods of
ten days, as follows :—

;
South. East. North. West. Total.
|
_|September1-10,. oa as, Len |
7 Z BI) ct bu ~ ss Se, re ha
S 21-30, . a (ey 4 5
October 1-10,. 2 2 3 7
J 11-20, . O7 1 2 4 7
2 + 21-31, . 3 1 5 7 16
November 1-10, . 3 2 1 14 20
3 11-20, . 3 4 2 12 21
| - 21-30, . 1 3 2 4 10
: December 1-10, . 6 1 3 15 25
4 11-20, . 2 3 2 9 16
¥ 21-31, . 1 5 3 9
19 17 25 75 136

The main influx seems to be from November 1 to December
10, though in every year, except 1887, some observations are
recorded for September or October.

After March 10 there is practically a cessation of occur-
rences at light-stations, only three being recorded for the
last three weeks of that month, with one for April and two
for May.

‘The north and west coasts receive a large proportion of the
arriving birds, and the more northerly stations of the east and

1 For instance, ‘‘a dozen going S.W.” at Rathlin Island, June 6, 1888
and ‘‘seven” noted at Howth Baily, August 10, 1893.

=

Woodcock.

208 MIGRATION OF BIRDS .
¥

west receive larger numbers than do the more southerly. The —
stations at which most observations are recorded in autumn
are,—

Innishtrahull, 26; Aranmore, 18; Rathlin O’Birne, 14; Skelligs, 13;
Slyne Head and Maidens, 11—total, 82.

The statement has been made! that Woodcocks in autumn
reach the southern and western parts of Ireland before they
arrive in the eastern and northern counties. It is to be
regretted that the light-keepers’ observations do not afford
sufficient data for settling this question. So far as they go
(see Table on p. 207), they prove that the earliest arrivals
have been in the north and west, while the south is the
latest section of the coast to be reached. The only stations
from which the Woodcock has been reported in September
are Innishtrahull, Aranmore, and Killybegs, all in Co.
Donegal.

One has been forwarded from Blackwater Bank, January 1,
1891, and Woodcock have been “noted” three times at Coning-
beg, both stations on the Wexford coast; these are the only
light-ship records. ,

That simultaneous migration: not infrequently takes place
over a considerable area, is shown by the “ Reports” for 1882,
1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, and 1888. In each of these years
there was a widespread autumnal movement in November or
December. In 1882 it extended round the entire coast.
Woodcocks are noted at Old Head, Kinsale, on December 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th; on the 6th, they are also reported at
Howth Baily; on the 10th, at Aranmore and Killybegs; on the
11th, at Dungarvan and Dursey Island; on the 12th, at Howth
Baily; on the 13th, at Rathlin Island; and on the 14th, at
Howth Baily and the Skelligs. In 1883, between November
2nd and 4th, observations are recorded at the Fastnet, Coning- .
beg Light-ship, Skelligs, and Dursey Island; in 1884, between
November 12th and 14th, at the Fastnet, Rockabill, and
Skelligs; in 1886, between December 18th and 21st, at ,
Innishtrahull, Aranmore, Rathlin O’Birne, and Slyne Head; in
1887, between November 11th and 16th, at the Tuskar (three
times), Tory Island, Aranmore, and Slyne Head (twice); and

° 1 Yarrell, 4th ed., vol, iii, p. 324, ete,

-

=| :
ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 209

in 1888, between November 4th and 8th, at Blackrock (Mayo), Woodcock.
‘Slyne Head, Tearaght, and Skelligs. We have here six instances
of extensive movements, all of which took place wholly within
the first and last quarters of the moon—an interesting fact ;
and it will be noticed that the west coast participated in each of
them, while three of them were unreported on the south coast,
three on the east, and three on the north.
We have no evidence that the departure of the Woodcock
‘is noticed at light-stations. On two occasions the direction
of the flight in spring has been recorded, viz, at the Tuskar,
March 4, 1884, when one was observed going W., and at
the Maidens on March 25 of the same year, when one is
said to have flown S.W., after remaining two days on the rock.
As both these flights were landward, they afford some grounds
for doubting whether the individuals which are occasionally
killed at the lanterns in spring are departing birds. On
the other hand, they are too few to warrant any inference
as to a spring immigration of the Woodcock.
Average length of wing, 7°59; longest, 7°85; shortest, 7-22;
difference between extremes, 0°62; percentage of variation, 8.

ComMMON SNIPE (G@rallinago celestis, Frenzel).

The autumnal immigration has in some years begun early in Common
September. Such records as “Snipe round the light” at Aran- he
more, September 4, 1889, and “one killed striking” at the
Fastnet, September 8, 1896, are corroborated by the fact that
in 1888 one killed striking at Arklow South Light-ship on
September 9 was received in flesh.

The Snipe strikes in every month from September to
January, and from March to May. It is not recorded as
having struck in February, but is said to have occurred at
Arklow South Light-ship on February 16, 1896, and to have
been found dead at the Tuskar during the first week of
March (March 4, 1884), from which we may infer that
migration is at no time totally suspended from early in
September until the end of May. In 1890 one was killed
striking at Arklow South Light-ship, May 25, and was
forwarded in the flesh,

0

Common
Snipe.

210 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The following table shows the nuthber of observations for —

each month and for each section of the coast :—

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April| May. Fane sag Aug. |Sept.| Oct. Nov.) Dec. til
| South Coast,| 2]... Ls Esa Eel ae | ads = 3 | Al “On leay. | 26
East _,, iy AP REA ae PB igi 8| 8| 12 9 61
North ,, | 5| 6] 2| 2]..] 1] 2 i. | a) sds |a0 | ag
west ,, | 9/10/10]... / 2) 2/2.) v1 8a [Base laee
alow slots) al ila

|

Some of the observations doubtless refer to the Jack Snipe,
and, in a few instances, the Redshank. The table, however,
points to the general conclusion that November and December
are the months of most movement, and this is corroborated to
some extent by the specimens received. Of 15 examples for-
warded as killed or caught striking, three struck in September,
none in October, three in November, five in December, one in
January, none in February or March,-one in April, and two
in May. ‘

The three spring-killed specimens forwarded (Innishtrahull,
April 6, 1889; Arran Island S., May 1, 1889; and Arklow
South Light-ship, May 25, 1890), if departing birds, do not
coincide with the view of Mr H. Saunders, who considers that
the Snipe which winter within our limits leave before or
during March (“ Manual,” p. 573). The only two records of
direction of flight in spring are landward.

“ Tuskar—April 8, 1888, two on rock; rested through night;
went off west; wind light N.E., clear.”

“Arklow North Light-ship—April 25, 1891, one about ship;
went north-west at 7 A.M.; wind light 8.E., hazy.”

This evidence is similar to what was found in the case of the
Woodcock.

It is possible that the birds which strike in spring are on
passage towards Iceland, where the Snipe is known to breed.
On the night of May 1 and 2, 1889, the light-keeper at South
Arran Island noted “several Snipe passing at intervals from
11 pM. to 4.A.M.; one killed striking,” and a leg and wing were
forwarded. This shows that some of the late migrants move

~

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 211

along the west coast, as might be expected in the event of Common

Iceland being their destination. Snipe.
Like the Woodcock, the Snipe is about twice as numer-

ously reported from the north and west as from the south

and east coasts. The six stations which yield most observa-

tions are—

Rathlin O’Birne, 36; Innishtrahull and Mew Island, 27; Slyne
Head and Tearaght, 21; Aranmore, 15.

Four of these (Rathlin O’Birne, Innishtrahull, Slyne Head,
and Aranmore) were also among the six which yielded the
largest number of observations of Woodcock. The remaining
two (Mew Island and Tearaght) are situated on the same parts
of the coast as the remaining two in the Woodcock’s case
(Maidens and Skelligs). There would appear to be a close
similarity between the flight-lines of the two species during
the autumnal movement. The few spring observations tend
to show that the Snipe continues throughout March to be more
frequently noted on the west than on the east coast, whereas
the Woodcock’s occurrences after the end of February are

almost confined to east coast stations. The only counties from
which specimens of the Common Snipe (killed or caught striking)
have been forwarded are Wexford (8), Antrim (2), Donegal (3),

and Galway (2).

Unlike the Woodcock, the Snipe has frequently been noted
at light-ships, and Arklow South Light-ship alone has for-
warded four specimens, while Blackwater Bank has contributed

_two. The species has been reported at Arklow North Light-
‘ship and Lucifer Shoals. The “ Woodcock” said to have been
killed striking at Coningbeg, May 26, 1884, was probably a
Snipe, there being no other reported instance of the Woodcock

- striking later than April 14.

_ The “Migration Reports” afford several instances of the
Snipe striking on different parts of the coast at approximately
the same dates. These “rushes” generally coincide in point
of time with those of the Woodcock ; for instance, in 1882,
when the Woodcock was noted at eight stations between
December 9th and 14th, the Snipe was noted at seven between
December 9th and 16th; and in 1888, when the Woodcock was
noted at four stations, all on the west coast, between November

Common 4th and 8th, the Snipe was reported from five, of which three
Snipe. vere on the east coast, between November 3rd and 10th.
Few specimens of the Common Snipe have been received,
considering its abundance.
Average length of wing, 5:22; longest, 5-47; shortest, 5°05;
difference between extremes, 0°42; percentage of variation, 8.

D129 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula, Linn.).

eit The only evidence of value consists of the twelve specimens
‘forwarded which were killed or caught at lanterns. There are
25 uncorroborated observations.
Of the specimens, eight struck on the autumnal migration,
one in September, three in October, three in November, and
one in December.

Earliest, September 28, 1886, Rockabill.
Latest, December 9, 1899, Rockabill.

Another, found decayed on the roof at Howth Baily, December
12, 1892, had probably struck during the autumn.

Three struck in spring—one in March and two in April.
Earliest, March 28, 1897, . Arklow North Light-ship.
Latest, April 23, 1890, Hook Tower.

With one exception (Slyne Head, October 2, 1889) all twelve
examples are from the east or south-east, the most southerly
station being Hook Tower, and the most northerly South Rock
Light-ship, so that, judging by specimens, the migration route
of the Jack Snipe is far better defined than that of either the
Common Snipe or Woodcock. The south coast has furnished
two specimens (both from Hook Tower), while the east coast
yields nine, the north none, and the west one.

The Tuskar has forwarded three specimens, all in October
and November; no other station has sent more than two.

This species has been reported as striking at the Fastnet
(several times), Rathlin Island (once, at the improbable date of
August 9, 1883), and Killybegs (once), but these entries were
not vouched for by specimens.

Except in 1887, when three were received (killed between
October 7 and November 11), no two were forwarded in the
same season. It is thus impossible to draw any inference as to
simultaneous movements on different parts of the coast,

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 213

The Woodcock, Snipe, and Jack Snipe may be taken as
instances of the extent to which the presence of moonlight
_assists*birds on their migration. When the moon is more than
half full (z.c., in her second or third quarter) birds seldom strike,!
whether the nights be clear or otherwise. Thus of 10 Woodcock,
15 Common Snipe, and 11 Jack Snipe which struck the lanterns
on ascertained dates, the numbers which struck in the darker
and in the brighter half of the lunar month respectively are as

follows :—
Woodcock. Common Snipe. Jack Snipe. Total.

Moon’s Ist and 4th quarter, . 8 14 ae 68 32
Pe - 2nd and 3rd _ié,, 2 1 1 4
10 15 11 36

In other words, 90 per cent. were obtained within about
a week of the new moon. Similar figures might be adduced
with regard to nearly every species. From this we may see
that without a long series of years for comparison it would
_ be impossible to draw any fair inference as to periods of
maximum migration, since the period of maximum striking
varies each year according to the moon’s phases.

The Jack Snipe’s wing shows a larger percentage of variation
in length than that of either of its allies, the Woodcock and
Common Snipe.

Average length of wing, 445; longest, 4:67; shortest, 4:15;
difference between extremes, 0°52; percentage of variation, 112.

DuNLIN (Z'ringa alpina, Linn.).

The Dunlin is one of the few species which appear to strike
with almost equal frequency in spring and autumn.

The only reliable data are the specimens, of which 21 were
killed or disabled at lanterns. Of these, 12 struck in autumn
and winter (August 12 to January 31) and nine in spring (April
8 to May 31). On the autumnal migration, two (apparently
immature) were obtained in August, one in September, one
in October, five in November, one in December, and two in
January. Of those killed on spring migration, three struck in
April and six in May.

Earliest specimen, August 12,1886, | Coningbeg Light-ship.

Latest % January 31,1897, Tuskar.

1 See diagram, p. 16.

Jack
Snipe.

Dunlin.

21h MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7

Dunlin. The earliest adult, however, struck on September 20, 1892,
at Hook Tower; and as many as six 6f the twelve autumnal
examples were obtained between October 28 and November
25. The three which struck in December and January did
so during severe weather, and we may consider them instances
of irregular movement. The normal autumnal period therefore
extends over about two months, September 20 to November 25.

The spring movement lasts for about eight weeks.

Earliest specimen, April 8, 1894, St John’s Point, Down.
Latest f May 31, 1886. Coningbeg Light-ship.

That the latest example should have occurred at a south
coast light-ship is of some significance, showing that this bird
must have been migrating towards, not from, the Irish shore,
and many which strike in spring are doubtless visitants on
passage.

The Dunlin has never been sent from the north coast, and
—discarding shot birds—only one example (in summer plum-
age), found disabled at Eagle Island, May 16, 1893, has been
received from the west. Seven have been sent from the south
coast (6 in autumn, 1 in spring), and 13 from the east coast
(6 in autumn, 7 in spring). .The Fastnet is the southern-
most, while Eagle Island and St John’s Point (Down) are
the northernmost stations from which this species has been
received.

The number of specimens from each county is as follows :—

Cork, : ; a Dublin, 5 -
Wexford, . aes i Down, 1
Wicklow, . ; UKE Mayo, 1

Thus of 21 birds obtained at lanterns, 18 struck on the
eastern extremity of the south and the southern half of the
east coast. It has not struck N. of 54° 14’.

No weight can be attached to unconfirmed observations.

Few of the species dealt with exhibit greater variation in
length of wing than the Dunlin. It is equalled in this respect
by the Snow Bunting, and surpassed only by the Willow Wren
and Skylark.

Average length of wing, 4:54; longest, 4°87; shortest, 3:95;
difference between extremes, 0°92; percentage of variation, 202.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 916

[0bs.—No specimen of the Little Stint (Zringa minuta, Leisler)
or of the Curlew Sandpiper (7. subarquata, Giildenstadt) has
‘been received. In the“ Report” for 1886, some legs and wings
of the Dunlin were erroneously referred to the latter species.]

PURPLE SANDPIPER (Z'ringa striata, Linn.).

The Purple Sandpiper strikes more frequently in November
‘than in any other month. The advanced guard probably
arrives in September; but the earliest received were two birds
killed on October 29, 1892—one striking at the Tuskar, the
other shot at the Tearaght. Some noted at Hook Tower,
September 22, 1890, are the earliest reported examples.

Fourteen have been received, of which 4 were shot and 2
sent without data, while 8 struck the lanterns (6 in autumn
and 2 in spring). Of the 8 birds killed striking, one (the
earliest) was obtained at the Tuskar, October 29, four in
November, one on December 8, and two in May. There is
no direct evidence of migration from December 8 (when one
was killed striking at Aranmore in 1897) to May 16,1 when
one struck at Blackwater Bank Light-ship, in 1893. The
second and latest spring specimen struck at the Fastnet, May
18, 1888.

Of six specimens shot or sent without data, two were for-
warded in November, two in December, one in March, and
one in April. There is no evidence to show that any of these
were migrating.

The light-stations at which the Purple Sandpiper is known
to have struck in autumn are situated in the south-east and
north-west corners of Ireland. In the south-east, 2 specimens
were obtained at the Tuskar lantern, and 1 at Blackwater
Bank; in the north-west, 1 at Aranmore, and 2 at Rathlin
O’Birne. Wexford and Donegal are thus the only counties on
whose coasts this species has been proved to occur on the
autumnal migration ; and each has contributed three specimens
at that season. The birds which struck at Donegal stations
were probably immigrants from Iceland.

1 Since above was written, one was received in flesh which struck at Innish-
trahull (Co, Donegal), May 7, 1900.

Dunlin.

Purple
Sandpiper,

?

Purple In spring, the only occurrences were in Cork (one at

rea ia Sik Fastnet) and in Wexford (one at Blackwater Bank). At both
these points it is clear that birds might be expected to strike
on their northward passage from the French or Cornish coast
towards Iceland; while it is in the highest degree wnlckely
that birds which had wintered in Ireland would depart by —
southern stations in spring.

The stations from which shot specimens have been forwarded,
but at which the species has not been proved to occur on
passage, are Hook Tower, Eagle Island, and the Tearaght. The
latest example thus obtained was shot at Eagle Island, April 7, —
1886.

On the Tuskar Rock, Mr John Hamilton remarks (p. 317)
that there are always seven or eight Purple Sandpipers during
the winter, and in 1891 they are said to have been there up to
“the latter end of May.”

Average length of wing, 5:05; longest, 5-37 ; shortest, 4°40 ;
difference between extremes, 0:97; percentage of variation, 19.

216 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Knot (Zringa canutus, Linn.).

Knot. The evidence is too meagre to justify any conclusion.

Of 5 specimens received from light-stations, 4 were obtained

on migration, viz.—
2 killed striking at Slyne Head, October 2, 1889.
1 caught on board Arklow S. Light-ship, January 14, 1888.
1 killed striking at the Tuskar, March 13, 1896.

The remaining example was shot at N. Drogheda, January
12, 1893.

The coast-distribution of the few occurrences at lanterns is
somewhat similar to that of the Purple Sandpiper ; and, as in
the case of that species, it would seem that the bird which
struck in spring had wintered further south than in Ireland.

SANDERLING (Calidris arenaria, Linn.).

Sanderling. Never distinguished by the light-keepers, and only one
example (forwarded as a Sand-Lark) has been received.
This bird was killed striking at Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
August 30, 1894.
The paucity of occurrences is the only noteworthy feature.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 917

ComMoN SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus, Linn.).

The Common Sandpiper has been killed or caught striking in
9 instances, of which 7 were on spring migration—

Earliest, April 23, 1892, Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
Latest, May 17, 1886, Coningbeg Light-ship ;

while two were on the autumnal migration—

Earliest, July 16, 1893, Coningbeg Light-ship,

Latest, July (2) 26, 1888, Mine Head.
The evidence is thus meagre at both seasons, but especially so
in autumn.

Of the 7 spring occurrences, only 1 was in April, while 6
were in May. These 7 examples were all obtained at stations
on the Leinster coast from Coningbeg to Drogheda North.
The spring migration of this Sandpiper, therefore, seems to
break chiefly on the southern half of the east coast, from
* Wexford to Louth.

Both the autumnal specimens were obtained on the south
coast, in its eastern half (counties Waterford and Wexford).
There is no evidence to show in which direction the birds
were migrating, and it is a significant fact that none have been
sent later than July.

Though the total number received is not greater than
10 (counting one shot at Mine Head, May 5, 1888), the
three years 1888, 1892, and 1893 contributed as many as 9,
from which it may be inferred that this Sandpiper occurs in
unequal numbers in different years. Such an inference would
not be justifiable if the years in which it was obtained had
been peculiarly favourable to striking; but the reverse was the
ease, especially as regards 1888 and 1893. The total number
of specimens of all species forwarded from 1886 to 1893 are
as follows:— .

Specimens Specimens
sent. sent.
1886, : ; 2 aE 1890, : - » 228
1887, : : . 142 1891, : : . 190
1888, : ’ > LOG 1892, : - . 166
1889, F ; . 159 | 1893, ‘ : . 94

In 1893 two were killed striking on the same night (May 16)
at Blackwater Bank and Drogheda North respectively, and in

Common
Sandpiper.

218 © MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7

Common 1888 two struck at approximate dates (May 6th and 8th) at the ~
Sandpiper. Tyskar and Arklow North Light-ship.. These coincidences are
worth noting in the case of so infrequent a striker. They
occurred, as such incidents usually do, in the first and last
quarters of the moon.
The specimen killed at Blackwater Bank Light-ship on
May 16, 1893, appears to have struck in company with a
Purple Sandpiper, the light-keeper’s note being “two Snipe
killed striking at 10.30 p.M.,” while legs and wings of a
Common and Purple Sandpiper were forwarded. The only
other species which have been received with this bird are
the Willow Wren and Swallow (Blackwater Bank, April 23,
1892).
Average length of wing, 4:30; longest, 447; shortest, 4:12 ;
difference between extremes, 0°35; percentage of variation, 8.

REDSHANK (Totanus calidris, Linn.).

Redshank. A bird as to whose migrations the evidence of the light-
stations is practically nil.

It has never been reported as striking, and only two speci-
mens have been received, of which one was shot, and the other
killed by a cat.

There are 48 observations—6 from the south, 8 from the
east, 6 from the north, and 28 from the west coast—but, apart
from specimens, these cannot be relied on.

[Obs.—The Greenshank (Zotanus canescens, Gmel.) has occa-
sionally been noted, but never forwarded. Among other waders
which have been reported are the “ Pectoral Sandpiper,” “Tem-
minck’s Stint,’ and “Schinz’s Sandpiper.” These records of
rare waders. are unworthy of the slightest credence without
specimens. |

BAR-TAILED GODWIT (Limosa lapponica, Linn.).

Bar-tailed An example, forwarded as an unknown bird, was killed strik-
Godwit. ing at St John’s Point, Down, with a Turnstone, on the night of
February 1, 1897.
There are no observations relating to this species, which,
though a regular visitant on spring and autumn passage, is
probably unknown to the light-keepers.

7

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 219

CuRLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

The spring migration of the Curlew, sometimes commencing
in February, is most strongly marked from the middle to the
end of March. It is commonly attested by the loud cries of
the birds as they pass overhead at night, and occasionally, in
gloomy weather, by their occurrence at lanterns. The move-
ment continues into April, but probably comes to an end, in
most years, during the early days of that month. Frequent
confusion between the Curlew and Whimbrel makes it im-
possible to draw a satisfactory line marking the period at
which the former species ceases to pass northwards in spring;
and the autumnal data, especially in August and September,
are vitiated with uncertainty from the same cause. The name
“Maybird” is commonly applied to the Whimbrel by the light-
keepers, and never to the Curlew — but there is reason to
believe that the Whimbrel is occasionally misnamed “ Curlew,”
and vice versd.

A table showing the total number of observations for each
month (deducting only those which there is strong reason for
referring to the Whimbrel) brings out a large preponderance
for March.

a ‘San, Feb. ata. Apri May. Fane pie Aug.,Sept.! Oct. | Nov.) Dec. Pee
South Coast, 4/ 8 81) 8| 5 | 10/14] 5/15] 11] 8 | 10 |129
East ,, | 22| 33) 73] 49| 31) 16 | 27 | 29 | 41 | 11 | 30 | 20 | 352
North ,, | 7| 4 | 5} 5| 2| 3] 3| 4] 7] 7] 15] 8| 70
ent | saa | is| 28 | 14] 15 | 15 | 20 | 24} 33 | 29 | 21 | 241

“46 | 56 |127| 90 | 62 | 44 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 62 | 82 | 59 | 792

In the case of a common shore-haunting bird, such a table as
the above is evidently valueless, except for the purpose of
showing a large increase in the number of observations at
certain seasons. It will be observed that the increase in March
is strongly marked on the south and east coasts, while on the
north and west it is insignificant.

If we look to the instances in which Curlews are reported as
occurring about lanterns, we find that in spring such occur-

Curlew.

220 MIGRATION OF BIRDS 7 |

Curlew. rences are almost confined to the east coast, and are chiefly
noted at light-ships. January yields 1, February 8, March 16,
and April 6. Of 31 instances in which Curlews have been
reported about the lights during those four months, 2 were
on the south coast, 28 on the east (12 of which were at
Blackwater Bank), and 1 (during a cold weather rush, February
7, 1895) on the north.

In four cases only (in spring) are Curlews reported as killed
or disabled striking, viz—at Blackwater Bank Light-ship,
March 24, 1892; Arklow South Light-ship, April 11, 1891;
Rockabill, March 14,1894; and South Rock Light-ship, March 2, |
1897. One specimen (killed on the first-mentioned date at
Blackwater Bank) was received.

From the above data we may fairly assume that the Curlew
migration in spring passes chiefly up the east coast of Ireland.

There was a well-marked rush in the spring of 1892, when,
between March 20th and 27th, the species was reported from
Blackwater Bank, Arklow South, and Arklow North Light-
ships, the Maidens, and Tory Island.

The autumnal records show occurrences at lanterns for every
month from July to December, viz.—one in July, two in August,
two in September, four in October, five in November, and one in
December. Nine of these fifteen instances are reported from the
east coast, and the remaining six from the west. The birds are
said to have been /uilled striking in five cases, of which four were
on the west coast—three at South Arran Island (October 16 and
November 15, 1883, and October 23, 1897), and one at North
Arran Island (August 22, 1884). None of these four birds,
however, were forwarded; and the only specimen received in
autumn, like the only one in spring, was from an east coast
station—Ardglass, Co. Down—where it was killed striking,
November 13, 1893.

It is clear, from the comparative paucity of records in
autumn, that less migration is observed at that season on the
east coast than in spring; and the reason probably is that
more birds in autumn pass down the west coast, where in
spring they are not reported as striking at all.

Like many species, the autumnal migration appears to be
at its maximum from the middle of October to the middle of
November.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 221

WuimsreL (Numenius pheopus, Linn.).

' Observations relating to the Whimbrel’s spring passage are

_ numerous, particularly on the south and west coasts.

>

ee ee) ye

Autumnal
records, on the other hand, are few, perhaps owing to con-
fusion with the Curlew. The following are the numbers for
each month (from each section of the coast) from April to
September.!

July. Ma sade Sept.

April. | May. | June. Total.
South Coast, ’ 23 “46 2 4 5 7 . 87
East J 17 37 4 8 7 73
Merth”;, «. ‘ 1 17 6 2 1 27
West ee ; 12 58 7 14 6 | 104
53 | 158 19 1 ant 27 13 | 291

Comparing this table with that given for the previous species,

it is evident that the Curlew prefers the east coast when going

_ north in spring, and the Whimbrel the west coast; the Curlew

travels north chiefly in March, and the Whimbrel in May.
Divided into periods of ten days, the spring occurrences are
as follows :—

April May June

1-00, vaxo- ..8 1-10.50. 68 je omens

a... .- 9 1-30 no in US pe

fi-20,; ... 38 Bie ee ee ads
Total, 53 Total, 158 Total, 19

The principal movement generally sets in during the last
week of April, and continues until about the middle of May.
The light-stations at which the largest flocks are reported are
on the Cork and Waterford coasts—Fastnet, Old Head of
Kinsale, Mine Head, and Dungarvan. Conspicuous rushes were
noted at one or more of these in 1884 (April 23-27 and
May 5), 1885 (April 25, 26), 1887 (May 13 and 27), 1888

1 A few observations for February and March are assumed to be erroneous, and
probably refer to Curlew.

Whimbrel.

222 MIGRATION OF BIRDS j j

Whimbrel. (April 28, 29, and May 6), 1889 (May 2), and 1897 (April
26-30). The flight, as might be expected, is generally north-
wards; but on April 28, 1897, Mr Dunleavy noted a reversal
of direction on the part of the “very large flocks” then
passing Dungarvan: “all that passed this day went 8.W.,
though on previous days (26th and 27th) it was N.E. they
were flying.”

There is evidence that the return migration has commenced
as early as July 19 (Dungarvan, 1897); and between that date
and the middle of September large numbers have repeatedly
been reported at southern and south-western stations, the
principal instances being,—

“ Fastnet—September 15,1888, a flock flying S, They passed
in vast numbers for two hours, flying high, with great noise.”

“Fastnet.—July 27, 1889, many all night at intervals between
10.30 pM. and 3 a.M., seemed flying S. August 20th, about
fifty observed in the rays of the light between 10 P.M. and
3 A.M. (on 21st), when they went S.W.”

“ Samphire Island.—August 20, 1895, numbers going S.W.
9.30 and 10.30 p.M.: 22nd, going 8.W. ail day and night, pass-
ing at intervals in flocks of from five to ten at a time.”

“Samphire Island—August 2, 1896, numbers going S.W.
from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.: 5th, about a hundred going 8.: 14th,
numbers at 10 p.M.: 15th, numbers at 11 P.M. going S.W.:
17th, at present Whimbrels appear to be very numerous, all
flying 8.W.”

“ Dungarvan —July 19, 1897, numbers going S.W. at 10.30
p.M.: 27th, numbers going S., 10 P.M. to 11.30 p.m. August 1st,
numbers going S. at 11.45 p.m.”

The value of the observations, when unaccompanied by speci-
mens, is in a large measure due to the fact that many of them
have been repeated year after year by different light-keepers
wholly independent of each other, and at different light-stations;
but it is of importance to note that all the above autumnal
records are contributed by one intelligent observer, Mr G.
Dunleavy, but for whom we should be without information as
to the apparent frequency with which hosts of migrating
Whimbrels pass our south coast stations during August. It is
remarkable that no other light-keeper at these stations noticed
Whimbrels in previous or subsequent years.

+

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 923

Shot specimens of the Whimbrel have been forwarded on
four occasions—May 23, 1890; June 5, 1889; July 26, 1889
- Cinnishtrahull) ; and November 29, 1887. This last from Mr
_G. Dunleavy when at Fastnet. Only one example killed at the
lantern has been received. This bird struck at Coningbeg,
| September 2, 1889.
:

SANDWICH TERN (Sterna cantiaca, J. F. Gmelin).

In the years 1882, 1883, and 1884, small parties of “Terns”
were noted at Oyster Island, Co. Sligo, during the second and
_ third weeks of April (April 9th and 12th, 1882; 8th and 12th,
1883; and 17th, 1884). As these dates would be early for any
_ other species, the records may be referred with some confidence
to the Sandwich Tern, whose only ascertained breeding-ground
in Jreland is situated near the boundary of Co. Sligo.

The absence of later records is chiefly due to the fact that
schedules were not sent regularly to this station.

From the rest of the Irish coast only two observations of
Terns earlier than April 30 have been furnished, viz., Barrels
Rock, March 8, 1890 (probably an error), and Spit Bank,
April 4, 1891. In the last-mentioned instance Mr Dunleavy
noted “several ‘Sea-Mews’ going E.” These, if Terns, were

most likely of the present species.

RoseATE TERN (Sterna Dougalli, Montagu).

An adult male of this now very rare Irish bird was killed
striking at Hook Tower, April 30, 1897. The light-keeper,
Mr Barry, forwarded the specimen as an unknown bird,
remarking that “it appears to be the first of its kind caught
about here.”

The Roseate Tern is not known to breed in Ireland at the
present day, but formerly did so on islands off the Wexford,
Dublin, and Down coasts.

Except the few occurrences at Oyster Island and Spit Bank
which have been referred to the previous species, this is the
only instance of a Tern having been recorded from an Irish
light-station in April,

Whimbrel.

Sandwich
Tern,

Roseate
Tern.

Common

224 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

—

Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann) and
Arctic TERN (Sterna macrura, Naumann).

In dealing with the entries in the schedules as to “Terns,” it
is impossible, in the absence of specimens, to separate the above ~
two species. No example of either has been forwarded in spring. —
In autumn the Common Tern has been sent from Coningbeg
Light-ship (killed striking, October 6, 1887) and Vidal Bank
(found disabled, October 12, 1894), while the Arctic Tern has
been received from Old Head of Kinsale (shot, September 19,
1889), from the Tearaght (found at Peregrines’ feeding-place,
October 9, 1890), and from Rathlin O’Birne (probably shot,
October 10, 1891). In all probability the two species associate
together on passage as they do during nidification; but the
Arctic Tern may be more numerous at western than at eastern
stations.

The time within which these birds generally arrive is best
marked by the records kept at Mew Island, Co. Down, long
known as the breeding-haunt of a large colony, in which the
Arctic Tern probably preponderates. The earliest date of their
appearance noted at this station is May 7, 1897; the latest is
May 26, 1885. The average (of thirteen dates of arrival
chronicled) is May 14. In only one year has the first appear-
ance of the Terns at Mew Island been later than May 20; in
three years it was previous to May 11; and in nine years it
occurred during the ten days May 11th to 20th.

The arrival of the Terns at this station is described as taking
place during the night, and as extending over a period of
nearly a fortnight. In the “ Report” for 1883, Mr John Walsh
writes: “They come in the night, at first in small numbers,
increasing each night for ten or twelve nights, when many
hundreds are to be seen”; and again in 1884, “ May 20th, large
numbers heard arriving on Mew Island during the night.”
In 1897, however, they are said to have “come from the east at
sunrise.”

At the most northerly Irish breeding-station, Innishtrahull,
the arrival of the birds is later than at Mew Island, the earliest
date recorded being May 15, in 1895, and the latest May 27, in
1886. These dates are respectively seven and eight days later
than those for Mew Island in the same years, The years in

4
*
Fe

which doth stations have reported are six, and in each instance
Innishtrahull has been a week or more behind Mew Island, the
greatest difference being seventeen days (in 1893), and the
usual difference about ten days.

The earliest date at which Terns (other than the Sandwich
or Roseate species) have been noted on passage at a light-
station is May 3, 1893, at Hook Tower; the latest, as regards
spring migration, is June 26, 1889, at the Fastnet. The period
of the spring movement thus embraces nearly the whole of
May and June; but of a total of 77 observations during those
months, 65 bear date between May 10 and June 10. The ten
days’ period of most observations is from May 11th to 20th:—

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 295

Maes PAOy ok fico ¥ Inne tly an folkd
= eS ae ae od
aa, . Ty a ett eT

The stations at which Terns have been reported numerously
on spring passage are the Fastnet, Hook Tower, Coningbeg
Light-ship, Barrels Rock Light-ship, Tuskar, Drogheda North,
and North Arran Island. It is therefore probable that the
brunt of the migration falls on the south coast. The Fastnet
‘and Hook Tower are the only stations at which Terns have
been noted about the lanterns in spring.

The autumnal movement begins early in August and lasts late
into October. There is an exceptional record for November and
one (perhaps) in December, but both need corroboration.1 The
dates at which the breeding-stations are abandoned vary from
August 2 (Slyne Head, 1883) to September 30 (Mew Island,
1891).2 In eleven different years the departure from Mew
Island is recorded as taking place in September, the emigration,
like the arrival, extending over ten days or a fortnight; while
in one year (1897) all the Terns had quitted this station by
August 21. The evacuation of Innishtrahull was in progress
in 1893 on August 15th and 16th (a month earlier than that of

+ Dungarvan, November 17, 1896, ‘‘numbers of Terns about light”; and
Fastnet, December 12, 1887, ‘‘six ‘Sea Mews’ startled from rock by firing gun-
cotton.”

2 In 1888 the departure from Mew Island is said to have taken place ‘‘about
October 31” ; but this may have been written from memory, and so late a date
is improbable,

q

P

Common

Common

226 MIGRATION OF BIRDS b
Mew Island in the same year); but im 1894 (in which year the
departure from Mew Island took place September 1st to 9th)
the birds “commenced to leave” Innishtrahull on September
10th, and were not all gone till the 20th. The length of the
stay at each breeding-station is thus seen to be irregular, and
not yoverned by the punctuality which prevails on the spring —
migration.

There is reason to suppose that simultaneously with the
departure from Mew Island there is generally some migration
on the south coast, towards its western extremity. Thus in
1886 “Mew Gulls” are noted at the Fastnet on night of
September 4, and Terns are recorded as having left Mew Island
on September 11; in 1889 they are “about light” at Old Head
(Kinsale), on September 1, and “nearly all have left” Mew Island
by September 12; in 1894 they are again seen “at light” at
Old Head of Kinsale on September 3, and are chronicled as
departing from Mew Island September 1st to 9th. When only
one date of departure is given at Mew Island, it may be assumed
to mean that the emigration is then nearly over, and therefore
the occurrences at such southerly stations as the Fastnet and
Kinsale synchronise with the commencement of the exodus in®
the north in each of the above three years.

In 1891 Terns were noted “striking glass in immense
numbers” at Hook Tower on the nights of September 7th and
8th. The date of departure from Mew Island in that year was
set down as “about September 30th,” and the rush at Hook
Tower probably belonged to a different migration. In connec-
tion with the other records, however, it helps to fix September
as the month of the principal southward movement.

The few entries in schedules for August are chiefly of small —
companies noted at_east coast stations (Tuskar, Lucifer Shoals,
and Maidens); and there is no evidence to show that these do
not relate to the Lesser Tern. There is a significant absence of
east coast observations (except at Mew Island) in September,
notwithstanding the annual exodus during that month from the

_great breeding-haunt on the Down coast.

October is characterised by the spasmodic occurrence of
flocks on the west coast. In these the Arctic Tern probably
predominates, as two specimens from different stations both
belong to that species. On the other hand, two examples of —

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS,: 1881-97 227

the Common Tern (one killed striking, the other found dis-
abled) have been forwarded in October from the E. and S.E.
(Vidal Bank and Coningbeg Light-ship). The Tearaght has in
three years (1886, 1889, and 1890) reported or forwarded Terns
in October, the latest occurrence being October 23, 1889, and
at this station they have not been noted in any other month.
The number of observations for each month and each section
of the coast from May to October is as follows :—

May. | June. |} July. |August| Sept. | Oct. .| Total.
South Coast, . 14 8 1 at 6 1 30
East - 5 29 2 2 6 14 3 56
North _,, ; 8 1 Lf | 2 g Me 13
West _s, 8 7 eenee 2 5 | 25
Ba lypiBGeis.. eBieel aiQet ln Rite VOrnhitad

Of the 56 observations on the east coast, 36 are from Mew
Island, relating to arrivals and departures at the great breeding-
station. When allowance is made for this fact, it will be
observed that the south-coast light-stations contribute a much
larger proportion of observations on passage than the eastern.

On September 19, 1883, the principal departure from Mew
Island is noted as having taken place during the night, when
“some hundreds were heard leaving.” In arriving, as in setting
out, the birds are said to make a great noise.

LESSER TERN (Sterna minuta, Linn.).

A few of the observations dealt with under the previous
heading may relate to this species, whose breeding colonies are,
however, much less extensive than those of the Common and
Arctic Terns. One specimen of Sterna minuta has been re-
ceived, disabled striking at Hook Tower, May 15, 1893. On
the following night, Terns, possibly of the same species, are
said to have been “numerous round the light” at this station.
It is noteworthy that Hook Tower is the only Irish light-
station at which Terns are known to have been killed or

7

Common
Tern.

Arctic
Tern.

Lesser
Tern,

. |

Lesser Tern. disabled in spring, and that, of twoyexamples forwarded, one

was a Lesser, the other a Roseate Tern. i
Some “Lesser Terns” reported from the Tearaght, October

3 to 7, 1886, were probably Arctic or Common. In October
1890 the wing of a supposed Lesser Tern from that station was
received, and proved to be S. macrura. The present species —
has not been obtained or reliably reported on autumnal
passage.

228 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

SABINE’s GULL (Xema Sabinii, Joseph Sabine).

Sabine’sGull. It is probable, as Mr Howard Saunders suggests, that a bird —

which was conjecturally reported as a “Hawk” from Mine
Head in October 1897 (pp. 549, 550) belonged to this American
species of Gull, of which about a dozen examples have been
obtained on the Irish coast in autumn. It was observed during
the latter part of the month, and is described by Mr Hawkins
as “nearly all of a light grey or white, and having a black head
and forked tail.”

BLACK-HEADED GULL (Larus ridibundus, Linn.).

Black-headed Neither the Black-headed nor any other Gull, except the
Gull. —_Kittiwake, has been killed at a lantern, and the only example
of the present species forwarded by a light-keeper was found
dying in frosty weather on the Tearaght, January 1,1891. It
is therefore impossible to draw any inferences as to migration,
since it is believed that the light-keepers do not distinguish
this Gull from others.

Common GULL (Larus canus, Linn.).

CommonGull. As in the case of the previous species, there is no reliable
evidence. One specimen has been received, found dead on
Samphire Island during the very severe frost of February 1895.

HERRING GULL (Larus argentatus, J. F. Gmelin).

Herring Gull. No proof of migration has been received; but whether a
regular migrant or not, the Herring Gull probably plays an
important part as concerns the migration of other birds.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 929

Almost every year has afforded instances in which “Sea- Herring Gull.

gulls” have been observed in the act of chasing and killing
exhausted migrants, and the evidence amounts to cumulative
proof that the carnivorous habits of the larger Gulls constitute
a real peril to birds on passage. In the four years from 1894
to 1897, as many as fifteen occurrences of this description are
reported, Larks, Thrushes, and Blackbirds being generally
named as the victims.

All the observations of Gulls killing small birds are from
light-ships (except in the frost of 1895), showing that they
seldom take the trouble to attack until the migrants are on
the open sea and at a manifest disadvantage. The fullest notes
are from Arklow North Light-ship, where, on October 29 and
50, 1894, Mr Stapleton reports “numbers of small birds, such
as Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks, getting exhausted as they
reach ship, are followed and eaten by Seagulls”; and in 1895,
“several large Seagulls remain about ship for the winter
months ; and by day, when they happen to get a small bird,
such as a Blackbird or Lark, worn out after a long flight, they
give it chase, kill it, and eat it, feathers and all.” Observa-
tions to the same effect are reported from Coningbeg, Barrels
Rock, Lucifer Shoals, Arklow South, and Codling Bank Light-
ships.

In considering why birds migrate by night rather than by
day, these predatory propensities of the Gulls must not be lost
sight of. Owing to their numbers, Gulls must be a terror to
birds of weak flight, and they are undoubtedly a greater peril
to all species travelling across the sea than are Hawks during
the overland flight. Both dangers are largely minimised by
the expedient of nocturnal migration.

No specimen of Larus argentatus has been received.

LessER BLACK-BACKED GULL (Larus fuscus, Linn.).

Only about 10 occurrences of this common bird are noted, so a4 — F
that it must be confused with other species. In 23 instances Gut,

the term “ Black-backed Gull” is used without indication as to
whether the present or the next species is intended. None of
the observations are of interest.

Por

=

> |

ay

230 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

: t
GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL (Larus marinus, Linn.).

Giieat Of the Great Black-backed or “ Royal” Gull, some 77 occur-
Black-backed rences are reported. They are chiefly from western stations,
Gull. as is shown by the following table :—

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April| May.|June July. Aug. Sept. Oct. | Noy.! Dec. |Total

South Coast, rated neatl| were See 2 Jove foo 1 allie. ae ee
East TE ral eee (ETL Pe Ae i Le | POEM Seen ees :
North ,, ch | ear es esa ea | Ea lear 2 | een ae | age AL Thee |

West ,, il a Na <i RE 3 | 2 316!/31|s8| 9\52

el2l|e6)4/7)413]917) 3 /13]a8| 77

|

Two-thirds of the observations are in the half-year August to
January, but the evidence is insufficient to prove an autumnal
increase in numbers. Assemblages of more than 2 are con-
sidered rare, but from 5 to 10 have occasionally been noted,
chiefly on the west coast, and flocks of 15 to 30 “ Royal Gulls”
are recorded in the following instances,—~.¢., twenty on January
6, 1887, at Blackrock (Mayo); eighteen on March 15, 1893, at
Rathlin O’Birne; a large number going S.E., June 29, 1892,
at the Tearaght ; flocks of twenty to thirty at intervals in
August 1883 at Rathlin Island; thirty on November 12, 1887,
at Broadhaven ; and two to fifteen on December 24 and 25,
1884, at Valentia.

GLavcous GULL (Larus glaucus, O. Fabricius) and
IcELAND GULL (Larus leucopterus, Faber).

Glaucous The Glaucous and Iceland Gulls have been generally
Gull. accounted rare and accidental visitants, but the light-keepers’
Iceland ; ¥ “
Gull. reports show that “Cream-coloured Gulls,” belonging to one

or other species, have occurred almost every year from 1881
to 1899. As the data have been generally given under
“Gulls,” it may be convenient to summarise them.

1881. Blackrock, Mayo, Aug., a ‘cream-coloured” or ‘‘North American
Sea-Gull ” about coast.

1882. * Apriland May, one or two ‘‘North American or cream-
coloured Gulls,”
[1883. No observations. |

4 ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 231

884. Blackrock, Mayo, Oct. 11, five ‘‘cream-coloured Gulls.” Glaucous
1885. No observations. ] Gull.
886. Blackrock, Mayo, Nov. 5, two ‘‘cream-coloured Gulls,” ‘‘about size of Iceland
small Royal Gull.” [Probably Iceland Gull
Gulls, J
*‘Glaucous Gull” reported. The light-
887. Blackrock, Mayo, enone ae at keeper adds, ‘‘I identified Rudttehhe
and Dec 24, : "
in Dublin Museum.”
a Slyne Head, Nov. 7, one ‘‘cream-coloured Gull,”
», Tearaght, Dec. 12, ‘four cream-coloured Gulls,” ‘seemed
large.”
888. Fastnet, Feb. 23, ‘fone large Iceland Gull,”
,, Blackrock, Mayo, Jan. 6, **Glaucous Gull” noted.
:. Me Feb. 10, **Tceland Gull” noted.
4 bs March 138, ‘*Tceland Gull” noted.
889. a Nov. 15, ‘one cream-coloured Sea-Gull.”’
», Tearaght, Oct, 31, ‘one cream-coloured Sea-Gull.”
890. Spit Bank, Jan. 13, ‘fone Iceland Gull” noted.
a . Feb. 16, ‘**two Iceland Gulls,”
», Slyne Head, Jan, 6, one ‘‘cream-coloured or Iceland Gull.”
891. Spit Bank, March 17, one ‘‘Iceland Gull.”
, Killybegs, Dec. 16, Iceland Guill, shot, received in flesh.
», Tearaght, Nov. 6, two ‘‘cream-coloured Gulls.”
: Oct. 30 and {one ‘‘Iceland Gull,” ‘very large.” [Prob-
ey Rillybegs, Nov. 6, ably Glaucous Gull.]
», Tearaght, Nov. 1, four ‘‘ yellow-backed Gulls” on island.
893. Drogheda N., Feb. 10, one ‘‘Iceland Gull” noted.
», Killybegs, Jan. 10, one ‘‘Iceland Gull” noted, ‘‘a young bird.”
& 3 Feb. 2, Glaucous Gull, shot as a ‘‘large Iceland
Gull,” received in flesh.
# . Nov. 14, one ‘Iceland Gull” noted, ‘‘a young bird.”

Nov. 1, 3, and

894, hlin O’Bi
894. Rathlin O’Birne, 30,and Dec. 2,

one ‘‘ Iceland Gull,” ‘‘ young bird.”

‘a Killybegs, Feb. 20, one Iceland Gull.
= a May 10, one Iceland Gull.
Samphire Island, Nov..14, one Iceland Gull.
895. Blackrock Point, Feb. 23, Glaucous Gull, very small, probably shot,
received in flesh.
896. Rathlin O’Birne, Oct. 12, Glawous Gull, shot, received in flesh.
re a Oct. 23, two ‘‘Glaucous” and one ‘‘ Iceland Gull”
rte reported.
_ as Oct. 27, Glaucous Gull, shot, received in flesh.
A a3 Oct. 30, Iceland Gull, shot, received in flesh.
Bs + Oct. 30, **Glaucous Gull” noted.
#5 = Oct. 31, ‘* Iceland Gull”’ noted.
“ - Nov. 3, Glawous Gull, shot, received in flesh.
a os Dec. 26, **Glaucous Gull” reported.
os Skelligs, Dec. 27, ‘*Tceland Gull” reported.
897. Fastnet, Jan. 12 to 15, two supposed ‘‘Ivory Gulls.”
», Dungarvan, Dec. 16, one ‘‘cream-coloured” or ‘‘supposed Arctic

Gull.”

7

232 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ,
Gleneos 1897. Rathlin O’Birne, ees oe one “Glaucous Gull” noted.
Iceland [1898. Nospecimens. Observations not yet analysed. ]
Szu. 1899. Spit Bank, April 15, Iceland Gull, shot, received in flesh.
5g i April 29, Iceland Gull, shot, recewwed in flesh.
2 ‘. May 2, Glaucous Gull, shot, received im flesh.

We have here 54 occurrences, 10 being attested by speci- —
mens—6 of the Glaucous and 4 of the Iceland Gull. Of the
44 unattested occurrences, there is some reason for assigning 13
to the Glaucous Gull, whose larger size is used as a distinguish-
ing mark. We have thus either positive or probable evidence
of the Glaucous Gull’s having visited our sea-board in the
winters of 1887-88, 1892-93, 1894-95, 1896-97, 1897-98, and
1898-99. Specimens have been received in four of these seasons
—in February 1893, February 1895, October and November
1896, and May 1899.

While 13 unattested observations presumably refer to the
Glaucous Gull, there are 20 in which there is some reason to
suppose the Iceland Gull intended, but the grounds in each
individual instance are very slight. Four specimens of Larus
leucopterus have been forwarded—1 in December 1891, 1 in
October 1896, and 2 in April 1899.

From the data, it appears probable that the two species
commonly arrive about the same time on the same parts of the
coast. Thus, between October 12 and November 3, 1896,
Rathlin O’Birne sent 4 specimens, three of the Glaucous and
one of the Iceland Gull; while between April 15 and May 2,
1899, Spit Bank forwarded 3, two of the Iceland Gull and one
of the Glaucous.

Of the two, Larus glaucus has been forwarded the earlier in
autumn and later in spring; but the examples are too few
to establish any difference between the times of arrival and
departure of the two species.

The coast-distribution of both is apparently identical, as is
shown by the localities of the ten specimens.

The observations and specimens combined show 44 occur-
rences on the west coast and 9 on the south, to 1 on the east
and none on the north. The following table exhibits the
number recorded for each month. As many as 36 of the
west coast occurrences are from the strip between Rathlin
O’Birne and Blackrock (Mayo).

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 2933
ereriint fio. fl rs Glaucous
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April| May.|June | July.) Aug.|Sept.] Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total Gull.
as — Iceland
Meme, be 2) D2) 1) D2 fe diyl cee [see hicntill eoeth ered fee fod 9 Gull.
East, eee [Df ve [vee piece |e Pee [eee Pn Pe Pee Pe fT
North ,,
West ,, | Bo ee atelh Raed |. Merely |... | vowleiias| 6 | 48
| Neere wes beret Tr |. 10 | 141 7 | 5a

A feature of some interest in the above table is the large
proportion of south coast observations from January to May
as compared with the autumnal months, in which nearly all
the occurrences reported have been at western stations.

It is probable that in years in which the Glaucous and
Iceland Gulls are not observed at all on the Irish mainland,
they nevertheless occur at sea within 7 or 8 miles of the
coast. That this is so may be inferred from the fact that
during the years 1881 to 1889 all the observations of “cream-
coloured Gulls” (16 in number) were from islands of the west
and south-west—12 from Blackrock (Mayo), 2 from the
Tearaght, 1 from Slyne Head, and 1 from the Fastnet.

_ All the examples obtained are in immature plumage. An
approach to the “white phase” of the nearly adult Iceland
Gull occurs in one of the specimens shot at Spit Bank in
April 1899.

The data are insufficient for determining which is the
rarer species on the Irish coast. Thompson considered the
Iceland Gull the less frequent, and this appears to have. been
the opinion of the late A. G. More, who described the Glaucous
Gull (“ List of Irish Birds,” 1890) as a “rare and uncertain,” the
Iceland Gull as a “ very rare and accidental,” visitant. On the
other hand, Mr R. Warren, writing in 1892 (lrish Naturalist,
vol. i. p. 129), states that the Iceland has occurred much more
frequently than the Glaucous Gull in the vicinity of Killala
Bay; and this testimony is rendered especially important by
the fact that two-thirds of the “cream-coloured Gulls” reported
from light-stations (thirty-six out of fifty-four) were observed
within forty miles of Killala. Only two specimens of the
Iceland Gull, however, have been forwarded from that part of

the coast, Rathlin O’Birne to Blackrock (Mayo), while ~ five

Glaucous

Gull.
Iceland

Gull.

Kittiwake.

234 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

examples of the Glaucous Gull have been received from light-
keepers, as well as two others from coast-guard stations, within
the same district. From the whole coast—including the two
last-mentioned birds—we have a total of eight Glaucous and
four Iceland Gulls received between 1891 and 1899.1

KITTIWAKE (fassa tridactyla, Linn.).

The Kittiwake is the only Gull known to have been killed
striking a lantern. A specimen in immature plumage was
received from the Tearaght, killed striking December 16, 1890.
A young example was also caught at light, August 21, 1890, at
Aranmore. Besides these two birds forwarded, a Kittiwake is
reported to have been killed striking at Hook Tower, October
23,1891; and a “Seagull” killed striking at Arklow North
Light-ship, November 12, 1894, may have been of the same
species. There is no satisfactory evidence of any Gull having
struck in spring.

The observations relating to the Kittiwake from each section
of the coast are as follows :—

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. April! May. ame July, Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. mite
Rat Coase OT. [Cats Vy FO] ORR | 6{ 6/3 (ose ama
East _,, hoe welea | 8|-3|-8)4.| 4] 4) ao
North {jy /|fve [eiifsSfosel] Jdfsajeolidee pee aii
West ,, | 6 | 3 |24/16/ 8] 4] 3 |10] 7/121 7) 6-|106
“Tf 4 [0/27 [16 [10 | 5 21 | a8 | 16 [ta | 14 [80

The large proportion from the west coast is due to three
light-houses situated on rocks where Kittiwakes breed—Black-
rock (Mayo), Tearaght, and Skelligs—from which seventy-five
observations are reported. When allowance is made for this
fact, it will be seen that the migrational evidence is very scanty.

The “landing” of the birds at their western breeding-stations
generally takes place between the 12th and 24th of March, but
in 1883 is recorded to have occurred at the Tearaght so early

1 A fifth Iceland Gull in the ‘‘ white phase” has been forwarded during the
present year, shot at Kingstown about March 10, 1900.

~

i=
:
:
is
4
J

D

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 235

as February 6 (possibly an error, as the spring of 1883 was
notoriously one of unusual backwardness with most migrants).

For ten years, 1882 to 1891, the first landing of the Kitti-
wakes on the west coast, when taking possession of their old
nests, was recorded thus :—

Blackrock (Mayo). Tearaght. Skelligs.
1882, No record. No record. March 22.
1883, A" February 6. No record.
1884, 4 No record. March 24.
1885, March 31. . March 16.
1886, March 21. March 5. March 12.
1887, No record. No record. March 14.
1888, March 6. No record. March 4.
1889, March 11. March 14. March 14.
1890, No record. March 27. No record.
1891, March 23. March 22. 3

In the years 1888, 1889, and 1891, the records from different
stations corroborate each other closely, and show that the dates
of landing may vary from March 4th and 6th in one year to
March 22nd and 23rd in another.

Though the nests are appropriated thus early in the year,
laying does not commence until nearly the end of May. In
1883, eggs were first noted at the Tearaght (“only two found
among hundreds of nests”) on May 24; in 1885, at Skelligs,
“ Kittiwakes commenced laying” on June 6.

The scarcity of young birds of the previous year about the
breeding-stations in summer has long been noted. The late
A. G. More was of opinion that the young Kittiwakes went
far out to sea in May and June, and this was confirmed by the
Rockall Expedition of 1896.1

The departure of the mass of the breeding birds generally
takes place in August. At the Tearaght, in 1893, it is said to
have occurred on July 15th; in 1883, “about September 1st.”
At the Skelligs, Kittiwakes are recorded in 1882 as departing
on August 26th ; in 1883, August 15th to 28th. In 1885 the
Tearaght light-keeper, Mr M‘Carron, observes that “the Kitti-
wake remains long after the Pufiin, Razorbill, and Guillemot
are gone, but leaves before the Stormy Petrel.” Though most

1 “Report on the Ornithology of the Rockall Expedition,” by Harvie-Brown
and Barrington, Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, part iii,, pp. 66 and 71.

..

Kittiwake.

Kittiwake,

Great Skua.

Pomatorhine
kua.

Richardson’s
Skua.

PRS
eS
o>

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

of the birds depart, some remain about*these rocks throughout
the winter.

Direction of flight is seldom given, but there is fragmentary
evidence of a northward movement in April, and of a southward
(or perhaps south-westward) one in September, October, and
November. Thus in 1888 Kittiwakes were noted going N.
at Slyne Head almost daily from April 4th to 14th, and at
Fastnet going N.W. on April 28th; while on May 3rd flocks of
“Gulls” (probably the same species) were going N. all day at
North Arran Island. The southward or south-westward move-
ment in autumn has been reported from Dungarvan, Blackrock
(Mayo), Slyne Head, and the Skelligs, but only on a few
occasions. Some important flights were noted at Dungarvan
by Mr Dunleavy on September 9 and October 9, 1897; on
the former date, “Kittiwakes going W., flying very high in
one continuous flock, about one hundred yards wide and about
a mile in length;” on the latter, “thousands of Kittiwakes
going S.W.”

It is probable that many of the flocks of “Gulls” observed
in early summer are composed of Kittiwakes, but the records
cannot be discriminated. May is the month in which flocks of
Gulls are most frequently noted, the observations of such
gatherings for each month being as follows :—

Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
11 10 32 39 45 29 17 26 30 35 41 25

Great Sxua (Megalestris catarrhactes, Linn.), POMATORHINE SKUA
(Stercorarius pomatorhinus, Temminck), and RICHARDSON’s
SKkua (Stercorarius crepidatus, J. F. Gmelin),

At least two-thirds of the references to “Skuas” are erroneous,
and little reliance can be placed on the remainder. When
correct, they probably refer to Richardson’s Skua, the most
frequent species. Mr Dunleavy, who is acquainted with the
Skua’s habit of chasing other Gulls, notes one from the Fastnet
as early as August 9, 1888; and examples have been reported
as “chasing Gulls” at the Tearaght (August 24, 1886), Samphire
Island (October 26, 1894), and Innishtrahull (November 1,
1890). It is possible that one of these birds (that seen at
Samphire Island) was a Great Skua, since Mr Dunleavy styles

J

_ it “the largest I have ever seen, and very dark in colour.”

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97

237

was noted chasing a “Grey Gull” (probably Herring Gull).
The evidence is not sufficient to justify any inferences as to ee
migration.

shot in the autumn of 1893.

[Obs—The Great Shearwater (Pufinus gravis, O’Reilly), a
rare straggler to Irish waters, is believed to have been observed
by Mr F. Ryan close to the Tearaght Rock on September 21,
It is not improbable that this
species? may, like the Fulmar, be met with every summer in
limited numbers off the west coast of Ireland, seldom approach-

1887, but was not obtained.

Burron’s Skua (Stercorarius parasiticus, Linn.).

It Great Skua.

Pomatorhine
Skua.

An example of this species, which rarely visits the Irish Buffon’s
coast, has been received from Samphire Island, where it was

ing land, however, nearer than 20 miles.]

which the Manx Shearwater is reported as striking, or as
found disabled, amount to 35; and seven examples have been
forwarded,—five killed striking, one caught: (probably disabled
at lantern), and one stunned. With this bird nocturnal habits

MANX SHEARWATER (Pufinus angiorwm, Temminck).

Skua.

Unlike most web-footed birds, Shearwaters and Petrels manx
strike the lanterns with some frequency. The instances in Sheatwater.

do not prevent occasional bewilderment at night.

below :—
Jan, | Feb.
rath Coast,’ ae 6
East a
North ,,
West ,, | 1] 3
a] 9 48

The total number of observations of this species (usually
called “Mackerel Cock” by the light-keepers) is 319. The
number for each month and section of the coast is as shown

Mar.

5

19 |

April

==

25 |
25
2

9 |

61

May. |June aa Aug.

AD L916 6

a2 | 21) 6] 5

Sept.)

. | Nov. | Dec.

5

LENG
4
6

(Total

319

1 “Report on the Ornithology of the Rockall Expedition,” op. cit., p. 235.

Manx

Shearwater.

238 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ’

The half-year from March to Augustyyields 272 observations
averaging 45 per month; the half-year from September to
February yields 50, averaging 8 per month. The east and
north coasts furnish none earlier than March or later than
October; but the south has records for every month, except
January, and the west for every month except December.

The instances in which the birds are said to have struck the
lanterns tend to show that May and August are the months of
principal migration :—

Jan. Feb. | Mar. April May. June July. Aug. ball Oct. | Nov. Dec.

ee ee | ee a a a an RE) (HE Se

|
|
TnStan GOS, ose <Aecs. sh cal 414) 4) -.] 10) 1 aioe ;

Specimens sent, he Hel eshl ne 1 6 | 5

The chief spring migration appears, therefore, to extend from
March 2 to June 14; and the chief autumn migration from
August 2 to September 1.

It may be of interest to compare the above with records of
the same bird’s arrival at its breeding-stations, which is gener-
ally announced by its nocturnal cry.. Such notes are furnished
from five light-houses—Howth. Baily, Rathlin Island, Aran-
more, Tearaght, and Skelligs. The extreme dates from each
are as follows :—

Howth Baily, . ' : March 19-28.
Rathlin Island, . : , March 17-April 12.
Aranmore, ; ’ : February 21—April 9.
Tearaght, a, : : March 7-May 1.
Skelligs, : : ’ February 25-April 5.

Three of these stations also furnish notes as to the /ast date
at which the bird has been heard :—

Aranmore, : : ; August 24-September 2.
Tearaght, } : 4 August 1-September 1.
Skelligs, k : ; August 26-August 29.

The usual period is apparently from the last week of March
to the last week of August. This is not inconsistent with a
large augmentation of the numbers during May; at the same
time, it is possible that many of the migrants observed at that
season are bound for higher latitudes.

The stations from which the largest numbers of observations
have been forwarded are;:— Barrels Rock Light-ship (70),

« , * >
De Sa 0 ee a Lee wed ised, -

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 239

Arklow North Light-ship (42), Arklow South Light-ship (33),
Coningbeg Light-ship (28), Skelligs—a breeding-station of the
species — (21), Tearaght—a_ breeding - station — (20), Howth
Baily—in the vicinity of a breeding-station—(19), Aranmore
—a breeding-station—(15), Hook Tower (14). There are not
more than seven records from any other station.

The light-ship observations of this species are so numergus,
in proportion to those furnished from islands and the mainland,

_ that they merit a separate analysis. ‘They show a great pre-

ponderance of vernal over autumnal records. According to
months, they are as follows :—

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April abs, bye July.| Aug. Sept, Oct. | Nov.| Dec.
Eitingber, . oA | isl 4| 5 7 3 PAN eat a | Ont
ipatrels hock, . |. | 6 | 11 )°12") 10) 18; 7) 1.) 1) 8 | 1 | 5
Arklow S., Bl) A Os et De So al
Arklow N., SE UO A PLS aD ptss | al 1
Other light-ships, | 3]; 4] 3] 1

Te [as |g [as | ss is) 7 7 lali ls

Allowing for some errors, there is enough corroboration here
to show that the Manx Shearwater is much more numerously
seen at light-ships from March to June than during the rest
of the year. This period corresponds with that of the spring
migration, as shown by the records, already quoted, of birds
killed striking at that season,—earliest, March 2, 1885, at the
Skelligs; latest, June 14, 1892, at Blackrock (Mayo). Specimens
killed striking have been received in spring from Old Head
(Kinsale), Mine Head, Coningbeg Light-ship, Howth Baily, and
Slyne Head. None were forwarded in June, but the Mine
Head example struck as late as May 27.

The fact that the Manx Shearwater is not recorded as heard
at its breeding-stations later than September 2, combined with
the fact that it has not been reported as striking the lantern
later than September 1, may be accepted as evidence that August
is the month of principal autumnal migration. During that
month one specimen has been received, found stunned in the
balcony of Howth Baily light-house, August 2, 1891,"

a

Manx
Shearwater.

|

240 “MIGRATION OF BIRDS

_
FoRK-TAILED PETREL (Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, Vieillot).

Fork-tailed This interesting species, formerly accounted one of our rare
Fetrel. and accidental visitors, has been ascertained by the light-
keepers to breed on two wild and rocky islets off the west —
coast, Tearaght and Blackrock (Mayo). At the former station
its ege was first found in 1886, and other eggs (with the birds
caught on them) were forwarded in each of the two following
years. From the latter station only one egg has been forwarded,
a much incubated one, received August 13, 1899.

That this Petrel occurs annually at our western and south-
western stations is probable, from the fact that during the
fourteen years 1886-1899 it has been either forwarded or
reported in nine.

The only evidence as to the time of spring migration is an
example from the Fastnet, caught at lantern May 5, 1896.

In autumn, four specimens with satisfactory data have been
received—one from Eagle Island West, caught at lantern in
second week of October 1886; one from Berehaven, killed
striking October 28, 1897; one from Blackrock (Mayo), caught
in yard, November 15, 1887; and one from Old Head, Kinsale,
which struck the lantern November 20, 1895. A skin without
data was sent from Blackrock (Mayo), September 9, 1892, but
this bird may have been shot, and there is no direct evidence
of migration in September.

Large Petrels, probably of this species, were seen about the
Skelligs from October 14th to 18th, 1891. This is the only
uncorroborated observation.

Thus the stations from which the Fork-tailed Petrel has
been noted are all situated on the western and south-western
seaboard between Eagle Island and Kinsale, the west coast
proper yielding nine occurrences, and the south coast (Fastnet
and Kinsale) two. The earliest and latest occurrences were
the two on the south coast (May 5 at Fastnet, November 20
at Old Head, Kinsale).

STORM PetREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Storm The Storm Petrel occurs numerously on migration at both
Petrel. seasons, especially on the south and west coast. Nineteen

a ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 241

specimens, killed or caught at lanterns, have been forwarded,
of which one was obtained in spring (Eagle Island, E., May
24, 1886) and eighteen in autumn; earliest at North Arran,
July 26, 1898; latest at Arklow North Light-ship, November
24, 1892.

The observations for each month are as follows :—

Sor Feb. | Mar. | April|May. |June |July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. | Total
South Coast,} .. |... |... | 38 | 28 | 14 | 16 | 13 |] 380 | 27 | 11 |-2 |144
East Ac i "| laeen ee 1 7 6 5 | 13 9 | 15 Stipes. im OD
North ,, Mc aieesss inte clintss Les2e)| ole 2ol yA ap ault dole feral aes 9
West ,, Rea esesi) |, 2 Nelo | AAAS 6} 11 | 138 5 | 2 88
2 |..| 211 | 50| 35 | 36 | 34| 52| 56 | 24 | 4 [306

The months of principal migration thus seem to be May,
September, and October. More strictly, the maximum move-
ment in spring, according to the observations, is from May 10

to June 10, and in autumn from September 20 to October 20.

SPRING. AUTUMN.
Observations. Observations,
April 10-May 10,_. 20 July 20-Aug. 20, .. 43
May 10-June 10,_ 63 Aug. 20-Sept. 20, . 36
June 10-July 10, .. 16 Sept. 20-Oct. 20, . 70
Oct. 20-Nov. 20, ; 31

The observations from different stations corroborate one
another so strongly that their general accuracy cannot be
doubted, though the specimens would yield a totally different
conclusion as regards the autumnal movement. Two examples
were sent in July, str in August, two in September, one in
October, and seven in November. The disproportionately large
numbers towards the beginning and close of the period of
migration may be partly accidental, since the total (18) is not
sufficiently large to eliminate the element of chance, and four
of the November specimens were sent in 1891. Nevertheless,
it can in some degree be explained by a tendency on the light-
keepers’ part to forward the first specimen of a common bird

2

.

Storm
Petrel.

|

Storm which strikes, while omitting to sendJater ones. The observa-
Petrel. tions record few instances of Petrels striking lanterns on the
east coast prior to November, though on the west coast striking
is frequent from about the end of July. In accordance with
this fact, the nine specimens received between July 20 and
September 20 are all from north and west coast stations,
Rathlin Island to Skelligs; while of nine sent later (September
21 to November 24), eight are from south-east and east coast
stations, between Hook Tower and South Rock Light-ship.
From the light-keepers’ reports it appears that many strike the
lanterns at westerly stations in September and October, though
so few have been forwarded during those months that in the
case of a less familiar species the observations would have to
be discredited.

The largest rush of Storm Petrels noted at lanterns in any
year took place on the nights of the 27th and 28th of July 1889,
as is shown by the corroborative reports of three south-western
stations—Fastnet, Tearaght, and Bull Rock. At the Fastnet,
“hundreds appeared about the light on July 27th; several
were captured and let off again; wind light N.W., misty.” At
the Tearaght, “July 27th and 28th, immense numbers of Petrels
all night round the light ; one killed, several caught; fog, rain.”
At the Bull Rock, writing on July 29th, forwarding some moths
caught during a fog the previous night, the light-keeper adds,
“A large number of Storm Petrels made several attempts to
enter the lantern at the same time.”

it is worth noting that so nocturnal a bird as the Storm
Petrel is as much influenced as other species by the presence
or absence of moonlight, and rarely strikes except in the fourth
and first Quarters. The large rush above referred to occurred
at the Fastnet and Tearaght on the night of New Moon; and of
17 specimens, the date of whose striking is definitely ascertained,
13 struck in the dark half, and the remaining four on dates
coincident with a change of moon from dark to bright half, or
vice versa. Two examples were picked up dead at Hook Tower
in the second Quarter, but the date on which they were killed
is not certain.

The amount of variation in the lengths of the wing is small.
Average, 4°75; longest, 5:00; shortest, 4:55; difference between
extremes, 0:45; percentage of variation, 92.

Q42 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 243

9 RAZORBILL (Alcea torda, Linn.) and
Ww CoMMON GUILLEMOT (Uria troile, Linn.).

These two species, under the name of “ Mur,” are frequently

confounded with one another by the light-keepers, who occa-
sionally misname them “ Puffin.” None of the birds belonging
‘to this family (Alcidv) are known to strike the lanterns.
‘Consequently precise data respecting their movements are
extremely scanty, and but for the observations contributed
from two principal breeding-stations—the Tearaght and Skelligs
-—would be practically nil. Thousands breed at these stations,
and there are ample opportunities of distinguishing them.
_ The notes at these two Kerry localities show that the
Guillemot usually arrives in their vicinity for purposes of
nidification during January, while the Razorbill is seldom
observed to do so before March. The dates of the earliest
observation of each species at Tearaght or Skelligs during the
twelve years 1882-93 (there are no records from either station
‘since the latter year) are quoted below, the dates of the first
landing on rock being also quoted when such are available.

GUILLEMOT. / RaAZORBILL.
First Noted. First Landed. First Noted. First Landed.

1882, | Feb. 21 (T.).1 at March 28 (8.).

1883, | Jan. 20 (T.). Feb. 19 (T.). March 19 (T.).

1884, | Jan. 28 (T.). a March 23 (T.).

1885, | Jan. 28 (T.). Feb. 18 (T.) March 12 (T.). March 12 (T.).
1886, | Jan. 28 (S.). Jan. 28 (S.) March 12 (8.). | March 12 (S8.).
1887, | Jan. 28 (T.). Feb. 6 (T.). March 3 (T.).| March 10 (S8.).
1888, | Jan. 29 (T:). Jan. 30 (S.). March 3(8.).| March 3 (S8.).
1889, | Jan. 23 (S.). $2 March j ®?

1890,| Jan. 1 (T.). Jan. 31 (T.). Jan. er March 2 (T.).
1891,| Jan. 7 (S.). Jan. ‘7 (S.). Feb. 26(8.).| Feb. 26 (S.).
1892, , Jan. 30 (T.). Jan. 30 (T.). ae

1893, | Jan. 17 (T.). at: Feb. 28 (T.).| Feb. 28 (T.).

The uniformity of these records warrants the inference that
the Razorbill is generally a full month later than the Guillemot
in occupying its breeding-ground.?

1 The letters (T.) and (S.) indicate Tearaght and Skelligs.

* As the Razorbill in winter plumage is white-throated, and therefore especially
liable to be mistaken for the Guillemot, this inference would scarcely be justified
‘Were it not that many of the Tearaght records are from Mr M ‘Carron, who is

well acquainted with the difference between ‘‘ White-throated” and “ Black-
throated ” Razorbills,

Razorbill.
Common
Guillemot.

Razorbill.
Common
Guillemot.

ahh

On the other hand, the departure of the two is nearly —
coincident. In most years it is noted as commencing in July,
and as over before the middle of August. When any difference
is recorded, it has the effect of making the Razorbill a little ©
later in leaving than the Guillemot.

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

GUILLEMOT. RAZORBILL.
Noted as Leaving. Noted as Gone. |/Noted as Leaving. | Noted as Gone. |

1882, | Aug. 1 (8.). 1% Aug. 1(8.).

1883, | Aug. 1 (T.). oe Aug. 10 (T.). ate
1884, | July 20(T.&8.). | Aug. 5 (T. &S.). || July 31(T.). | Aug. 14 (T.).
1885, | July 20 (8.). Aug. 10 (S.). July 13 (T.). | Aug. 10 (8.).
1886, at Aug. 9°(T.). tons | Aug. 9 (T.).
1887, sed Aug. 5(T.). Aug. 5 (T.).
1888, de 4 26 ae
1889, | July 10 (S.). July 30 (S.). July 10 (8.). July 30 (6).
1890, bi ug. 31 (T.). July 15 (T.). “3 (On
1891, ae Aug. 12 (T.). July 8 (T.). (Tx
1892, | July 10 (T.). Angin 7 (L) z | De
1893, | July 1 (T.). BS 2 July 5 (E):

The only years in which different dates are given for the
departure of each species at the same station are 1883, 1884,
and 1893, and in all these the Guillemot’s departure is noted —
from the Tearaght as commencing earlier than the Razorbill’s
—the greatest difference being eleven days in 1884, and the
least four days in 1893. In 1885 the Razorbill’s departure
is reported as commencing at the Tearaght before that of the —
Guillemot is noted at the Skelligs, but the observations, being 4
from different stations, are of little value as a standard. :

Comparing the total number of observations of Guillemot —
and Razorbill respectively from Irish light-stations for each
month, we find, assuming most of the entries to be correct, that
the former species is most numerous in January and August, i
the latter in March and August. 2

Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total.
Guillemot, 21 18 13 15 8 10 16 «21 4 8 3 7 144
Razorbill, 11 10 39 2 lic 9 25°29) O12) (ELS 209

The coast-distribution of these records is of no interest, and
would be misleading, as they depend on the movements of the
few light-keepers who endeavour to distinguish the Razorbill
from the Guillemot. The observations disclose no difference

:

between the distribution of the two species. Young Razorbills
are constantly noted throughout the winter.

As might be expected, “Murs” are chiefly noted at light-
ships, where the observations are numerous at all seasons.

The few specimens forwarded were shot, with the exception
of one-—a Guillemot—found on the deck of Blackwater Bank
Light-ship, December 26, 1897.

The notes on direction are few, but show a northward
tendency in spring and southward in autumn.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 245

BLAcK GUILLEMOT (Uria grylle, Linn.).

Four specimens have been received, all shot in winter,
November 4 to February 15, and all at stations in the northern
half of Ireland—Dundalk, Green Island (Co. Down), Innish-
trahull, and Killybegs. One was shot in November, two in
December, and one in February. All were in the mottled
plumage of winter, which attracted the attention of the light-
keepers, who failed to recognise the species, and forwarded the
birds as “unknown.”

The instances in which the bird is reported are only three—
Fastnet, April 5, 1889; Howth Baily, March 23-25, 1892; and
Tearaght, February 23, 1897.

We may perhaps assume that the Black Guillemot is com-
monly overlooked, since it has never been reported during the
half-year May to October, the latest spring record being April 5,
and the earliest in autumn, November 4.

Littte Auk (Mergulus alle, Linn.).

Three have been forwarded, all from stations in the northern
half of Ireland.
One from Vidal Bank (Down), caught at the mouth of a
river, November 27, 1890.
Remains of one from Tory Island, found May 1895.
One from Blackrock (Mayo), found uninjured near light-
house, received December 17, 1896.
Mr M‘Carron believes that he has observed the Little Auk at
the Tearaght (December 21, 1883, and January 9, 1884) and at

. Mine Head (March 28, 1886).

—eP

-

a

Razorbill.
Common
Guillemot.

Black
Guillemot.

Little Auk.

Puffin.

246 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

>
PurFFIn (fratercula arctica, Linn.).

The term “ Puffin” is so vaguely applied that the observations
on “ Sea-Parrots”—which in nearly all cases refer to the present
species—are almost the only ones worth attending to. Of
these there are 140—128 in the half-year March to August, and
12 in the half-year September to February. They extend
round the whole coast, but are most numerous in the S. and
S.W. (from Barrels Rock Light-ship to Tearaght).

Jan. | Feb. Mor Apr May.'|June July Aug Sept.| Oct. | Nov.}| Dec. |Total
South Coast,} ... | ... 8 | 12 | 21 Shi a2: | acoe | teat i]. an eee | ee
Hast » +68 1 Vf LS MT ee BARS. frog Decahy ohn] cect Ui ee ees
North _,, Da) Ge Se ale | 1 6
West 55° 0.0 1 | aa] re) 2) rs | ee) ee ae
“1 | 2fee)aa]ar {is} s | of] 1) 4]a| 8 io

Of the twenty-two March observations, twenty-one are later
than March 20, while of the nine August observations none are
later than August 20. Thus the period of the Puffin’s stay may
be fixed as not exceeding five months’ duration, 21st March to
20th August.

On the Tearaght its arrival has been noted in ten of the
eleven years 1882-1892, and has varied from March 23 (in |
1884 and 1885) to April 1 (in 1882, 1883, and 1892). Dates
of departure from the same station have been noted in seven
years, but in some of these years the date given is apparently
that of the commencement of the emigration, in others of its
conclusion. The earliest date at which adult birds are reported
as leaving is August 1 (1884), and the latest date at which any
are noted as still remaining is August 20 (1883). We may
conclude that the Puffin is punctual in its arrival and departure,
coming in the last week of March, and leaving during the first
fortnight of August, a few exceptionally lingering into the third
week of that month.

Specimens have been forwarded in October (Fastnet, October
30, 1888, killed by Hawk) and December (Tearaght, December 8,
1890, “ picked up”), but none have been obtained on migration.

iso

4 »
.
7

ag

rs
5

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 247

Great NorTHEerN Diver (Colymbus glacialis, Linn.).

The Great Northern Diver is doubtless confounded with the
Red-throated species, which is not mentioned by name in the
reports, whereas “Northern” or “Great Northern Divers”
have been noted in 131 instances—52 of these being on the
authority of one light-keeper, Mr G. Dunleavy, while stationed
successively at the Fastnet, Spit Bank, Drogheda North,

_ Samphire Island, and Dungarvan light-houses.

The half-year November to April yields 100 observations to
31 in the half-year May to October; but in other respects the
data (tabulated below) are insufficient to warrant any conclusion.

Jan. | Feb. |} Mar.|April) May./June | July | Aug. Sept.) Oct. | Nov.| Dec. | Total.
meats 9 | ot |) 8 | "| 2 fees | toe | wae TB [seer | S|. 8 |. 8d
East 5 SOOM NE TLS DAiinnssa P EDRF: Hebe ARI GIL I82
Worth ,, MRM ealieretal sts [esa Toke sae lomtes [to dso desea (ad 3
mvest =, Oe eee ada tiple | Feet nell) Dell ciel AG Bait! Bull! Gil

‘a| 7/6/19} 7| 6] 1] 8] 8 {a1} 17] 20 181,

The solitary July occurrence (probably an error) was reported
from the Tearaght, July 5, 1893.

The direction of flight has been noted only nine times—
twice in spring (March 9 to May 9) and seven times in autumn
and winter (September 22 to February 9). In the two former
instances the direction was northward, in six of the seven latter
it was southward; but the only movement of any magnitude
was that reported from Arklow North Light-ship in 1894, when,

on October 16th, and again on October 26th and 27th, “ flocks”.

were noted “going 8.W. all day.”

No Diver has been reported as striking the lantern, nor have
the light-keepers forwarded any specimen.

That Colymbus glacialis moves northward along the west
coast in considerable numbers in the end of May and early in
June is confirmed by the fact that numbers are met with at
that time between Achill Island and the mainland in the small
inland sea which opens into Blacksod Bay at the Bull’s Mouth

Great
Northern
Diver.

Great
Northern
Diver.

Sclavonian
or Horned
Grebe.

Eared or
Black-necked
Grebe.

Little Grebe
or Dabchick.

248 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

on the north, and into Clew Bay on tHe south. Here as many
as thirty were seen in one day, chiefly in pairs, by R. M. B. in
1894. This annual migration has been noted by Mr J. R.
Sheridan of Achill.

SCLAVONIAN or HORNED GREBE (Podicipes auritus, Linn.).

Two very handsome specimens, both adults, in full breeding
plumage, were shot by Mr Thomas Wilson, coastguard, in
Blacksod Bay, Co. Mayo, on April 15, 1895, and were forwarded
in the flesh by the light-keeper there. They are said to have
been shot out of a flock of six.

EARED or BLACK-NECKED GREBE (Podicipes nigricollis,
C. L. Brehm).

One has been received—in winter plumage—shot at Killy-
begs, February 6, 1893.

LitTLeE GREBE or DABCHICK (Podicipes fluviatilis, Tunstall).

Though common in Ireland, the Little Grebe has very rarely
been noticed at light-stations. Three have been received, of
which one was shot (Berehaven, December 25, 1898), while two
were killed striking (Slyne Head, November 16, 1889, and
Hook Tower, November 7, 1892). Another is said to have
been killed striking at Hook Tower, November 1, 1892, but the
light-keeper did not forward it. Slyne Head lantern is 115 feet
above the sea-level and Hook Tower 152 feet, so that these birds,
of apparently weak powers of flight, were at a considerable
elevation, and must have been flying with much velocity at the
time. :

This is the only Grebe which has struck the lanterns, and the
evidence points to some migration during November, but only
on a small scale.

[Obs.—The Great Crested Grebe (Podicipes cristatus, Linn.) is
not known to have occurred at a light-station. A “Grebe”
reported at Innishtrahull, May 3, 1884, may have belonged to
that species. ]

—ee ee

ae

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 249

CormorANT (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHacG (Phalacrocorax graculus, Linn.).

Two birds seldom distinguished by the light-keepers. Neither ea
the direction of flight, noted in 70 instances, nor the character *”
of the entries in vatieittahes nor the number of monthly records,
justify any conclusion as to the migration of either or both
species. Out of 368 observations, only 19 expressly refer to
the “Green Cormorant,” by which the Shag is probably meant.
The term “Crested Cormorant,’ occasionally used, is doubtless
applied to both when breeding.

At several east coast stations (Tuskar, Rockabill, and Mew
Island) it has been noticed that Cormorants are plentiful from
September or October to April, during which month they
probably repair to their breeding-haunts. But a comparison
of the total number of observations for each month shows little
fluctuation between one season and another, the largest number
belonging to December, and the smallest to February.

|
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April| May.|June |July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.’ Dec. |Total

South Coast,)14| 7] 7/16/11] 8|10] 3] 7] 38] 12] 14 |}112
East _,, NS MA ELa | 6B PUSISRdile Fig yaritay, Mis
North ,, er ee Meh ole lek? Syl italeod tel Sate fall taad

West ,, LO Seeese 19) | 12 |. 8 10 | 7 dS | RO | Daal 12 F189

30 | 16 | 17 | 42 | 35 | 22 | 27 | 25 | 33 | 34 | 41 | 46 368

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

The observations are numerous, amounting to 1268, and Gannet.
these include as many as 580 in which the direction of flight
is recorded. This is an unusual proportion, and is due to the
fact that this large bird generally takes a definite course—
swerves but little to the right or left, and can be seen a long
distance away, coming towards or going from the observer.

The spring migration is chiefly observed in April, but flocks
have been noted going N.E. as early as January 2 (Lucifer
Shoals, 1889, and Blackwater Bank, 1891); while northward

i

Gannet.

950 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

movements on an extensive scale have been reported from

Slyne Head—on the west coast—on January 9 and 13, 1888.
From January to April the number of observations increases

monthly, after which it diminishes from April to July. There

is a slight increase again in September, and a considerable one

in October, which is the month of the principal autumnal

movement.

The following are the numbers for each month :—

Jan. | Feb. Mar, |April May. |June| July. eee Oct. | Noy.| Dec. | Total
|

|
hes

South Coast,| 26 | 24 | 40] 38] 52| 27 | 25 | 15 | 19 |) 24| 21 | 31 | 342
|

East ,, | 10 | 28| 70/181] 90/ 28 | 22 | 98 | 38} 45| 12] 7 | Bod
Worth Ol a] a gel ye| ae! 7} '6| 5) 7| 8) 2) 0 eee
West ,, | 20|37| 50! 41| 24/21/15 | 17 | 27 | 87| 17 | 10 | 336

57 | 93 172/226 182 83 68 | 65 | 86 |135} 52 | 49 pee
|

The direction of flight is generally more or less parallel to
the coast-line—that is to say, at east and west coast stations
it is either northward or southward, and at south and north
coast stations it is either eastward or westward.

In spring, the movement is northward along the east and
west coasts, and westward along the south and north coasts.

During the six months from January 1 to June 30, the north-
ward and southward movements at east and west coast stations
compare as follows :—

Northward Southward
(including (including
N.E. and N.W.) S.E. and 8. W.)
East Coast, ‘ 3 ; 202 43
West Coast, . : : 48 14

During the same period, the eastward and westward move-
ments at south and north coast stations compare thus :—

Westward Eastward
(including (including
N.W. and S.W.) N.#, and §.E.)
South Coast, . . : 87 16
North Coast, ,. .._. A a7 1

Thus the spring migration is shown to be strongly north-
wards up the east coast (202 to 43), and strongly westwards

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 251

along the south coast (87 to 16). It is less numerously
observed at north and west coast stations, but is nevertheless
distinctly westwards at the former (27 to 1) and northwards
at the latter (48 to 14).
_ The westerly direction along the south coast in spring may
partly be explained by the fact that the Gannet’s Irish breeding-
stations (the Little Skellig and Bull Rock) are situated at the
south-west corner of our island; but this does not account for
the uniformly westward movement in spring along the north
coast. It may be due to birds coming up the east coast turning
to the left on their way to St Kilda and Iceland, past Ratblin
Island and Innishtrahull. |

In the autumn, we find little evidence of anything like a
return migration. On the east and west coasts the directions
recorded during the six months from July to December are as
follows :—

Northward Southward
(including (including
N.E. and N.W.). §.E. and 8.W.).
East Coast, : : y 34 35
West Coast : ' a 12 20

If there is any southward movement here indicated, it is only
along the west coast; and this is consistent with the results of
the table of observations on p. 250, where the west coast shows
a considerable increase in the number of Gannets noted during
October, while the remaining sections show only a slight
increase at that season.

The records of direction for the last six months of the year on
the south and north coasts, are still more barren than those on

the east and west :—
Westward Eastward

(including (including
N.W. and §. W.) N.E, and §.E,).
South Coast, . : és 19 18
North Coast, . : 4 3 1

Here the westward and eastward flights just balance each
other, so that there is no evidence of migration.

That some large movements are witnessed on the west coast
in autumn, is illustrated by the Tearaght light-keeper’s report
for 1884, where Mr M‘Carron states that on October 13, ‘“‘ two
hundred and ten passed S.W. between 8 and 9 aM. Great
numbers had passed before I commenced and after I left off

Gannet.

Gannet.

Heron.

952 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

counting. All young birds, flying lowfand in flocks of from
thirty to two or three; calm, misty.” On October 18 of the
same year the Skelligs light-keeper reports, “Gannets for the
last few days wheeling in flocks, and seeming inclined to take
a southerly direction”; and on the 20th, “twenty going south.
None perched on the Lesser Skellig after this date.”

These two nearly simultaneous reports corroborate one another
in the important particular of making the birds fly south and
south-west, rather than east, from the southern extremity of the
west coast. If this be the general rule, it explains the lack of
evidence showing an eastward movement along the south coast
in autumn.

The date of first landing on the Little Skellig for nidification
has been noted in four years, and varies from February 6, 1886,
to February 28, 1885. In three of the four years the date was
in the fourth week of February.

The date on which it has last been seen on the same rock
has likewise been noted in four years, varying from September
26, 1886, to November 7, 1887. The September date seems
unusually early, but occurred in the same year with the early
landing in spring. The date of departure from the Bull Rock
is once recorded, October 26, 1897.

It is probable that the few specimens forwarded were all
shot; but there is one record (p. 259) of a Gannet striking a
lantern, and falling disabled into the sea (Arklow South Light-
ship, April 10, 1891); and a yet more singular fate befel a
bird of this species at North Arran Island on February 27,
1897, when “one going N.W. at noon,” in bright sunlight,
struck the light-house balcony and was killed—the only instance
on record of a bird killed striking an Irish light-house in day-
time (p. 614).

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Probably a non-migratory species in Ireland, since it is very
seldom noted from light-ships, or from islands not frequented
for fishing. When flying it looks large, and is readily re-
cognised, and few passing a light-station should escape being
observed. There are only four records from light-ships (Con-
ingbeg and Barrels Rock), in January, July, September, and
November respectively. There are four from the Tuskar, in

5 ae

: ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 253

March, August, September, and October; one from the Fastnet, Heron.
in December; one from the Maidens, in May; and four from
Blackrock (Mayo) of which two were in September, one in

April, and one in June.

The direction of flight has been recorded in very few
instances, and shows no uniformity at any season. At Black-
rock (Mayo), a Heron flying westwards on September 2, 1896,
was watched with a telescope until it disappeared on the
western horizon. Where this bird was bound for cannot be
suggested—the nearest land to the west being America. The
only other September note from the same station is of a bird
flying south-east (September 27, 1884).

Of a total of 209 observations, a large proportion belong to
the three autumnal months (September to November) :—

Spring (March-May), : : : ; 34
Summer (June-August), . : ; : 58
Autumn (Sept.-Nov.), : : : : 80
Winter (Dec.—Feb.), ; : ; : 37

209

As the birds would be away from shore breeding in spring,
and augmented in force by the young in autumn, this fluctua-
tion does not afford grounds for suspecting any seasonal influx,
in the absence of direct evidence.

BirrerRN (Botawrus stellaris, Linn.).

One reported occurrence and one specimen constitute all the Bittern.
evidence from light-stations regarding this once fairly common
Trish bird.

An example is said to have been shot by the light-keeper at
Old Head, Kinsale, on February 15, 1883. Ten years later, on
August 27, 1893, a Bittern was caught in a pool among the
rocks at Slyne Head, and was sent in the flesh. This bird was
doubtless in an exhausted condition after its migratory flight,
and must have been a recent immigrant. It was much
emaciated, August is an early month for such an occurrence.

WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE (Anser albifrons, Scopoli).

The different species of Geese are not discriminated. Most White-

of the observations probably refer to the White-fronted, Brent, pray,

White-
fronted
Goose.

254 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

and Barnacle Goose. The name “Barnacle” is applied both to
the true Barnacle and to the Brent, and a White-fronted Goose
has been sent as a “ Baruacle,” so there is great confusion in
the minds of some light-keepers.

The following are the numbers of observations relating to
“Wild Geese” (omitting “Barnacles”) for each month and
section of the coast :— .

Jan | Feb. | Mar. April he! cna raly| Avg. (sept Oct. | Nov.} Dec. |Total
South Coast,} 4] 1 3 | Age jf Sf Df | BB
Fast.va, | 2) 3} 2 |sta@a | 2} 1 1} 6| 3] 6| 30
North ,, | 9| 2] 41 3] 8 | 1 | 4} 8/17] 9} 5| 60
Wet ee ron 7 6) 2]... 1| 1] 2} 99) aa aeeae
@ [is [a1 | 45 | 6| 3 | 26 6 55 | 33 | 28 | 203,

The few records in swmmer may all refer to the Brent Goose,
of which an example has been sent in July (see under Brent
Goose). d

The uncertainty as to what species is referred to in almost
every instance makes it undesirable to pay much attention to
the above figures. October is the month of most records, and
comparatively few occur during the first ten days of that
month.

The spring observations are much fewer than the autumnal,
but the only specimen of the White-fronted Goose received
from a light-station was shot on May 3, 1887, at Rathlin
O’Birne.

The records of direction of flight, on being analysed, bring
out no difference between those relating to “Barnacles” and
those on “Wild Geese” generally. As might be expected,
the direction is generally southward (including S.E. and 8.W.)
throughout the autumnal months, including January. The
months in which the northward (including N.E. and N.W.)
direction is shown to predominate are March and April. For
all ‘Geese, including “ Barnacles,” the direction notes for each

month are—
Jan, Feb. March, April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Northward, . SY alias DY SOR he Son WE 2. 2 24 6 WaGe
‘

Southward, . 15 7 2 ety Rites WE OO eae es

A 4
Po er ee ee eee ee eee

: ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 255

D :
r

_ Here is seen a southward tendency from September to White-
January, an equipoise in February, and a northward tend-

ency in the two following months. By May the evidence of
migration is practically at an end.

These observations are placed under White-fronted Goose,
because it is the commonest Irish species.

[Obs.—The Grey-Lag (Anser cinereus, Mayer), Bean (A.
segetum, J. F. Gmelin), and Pink-footed Goose (A. brachy-

_ rhynchus, Baillon) are winter visitants (the last-named very

rare), on whose movements the “Migration Reports” throw no

light. ]
BARNACLE GoosE (Bernicla leucopsis, Bechstein).

The name Barnacle is commonly misapplied by the light-
keepers to the Brent Goose, and it is impossible to distinguish,
in most cases, to which bird individual observations relate.

The Barnacle Goose has been forwarded from one station—
Aranmore—where it was shot on December 31, 1897. This
island is frequented during winter by Barnacles, a fact which
is proved by the description of their feeding in large flocks
“on the brows of the cliffs,” as they have been noted doing so
as late as April 19 (p. 193). The extreme dates at which
“ Barnacles” have been reported from Aranmore are—

Earliest in autumn, ‘ d : September 1, 1889.
Latest in spring, 3 ; : May 13, 1888.

There are no grounds for stating that here, more than else-
where, Bernicla leucopsis and B. brenta are distinguished from
each other.

The geographical situation of Aranmore, near the northern
extremity of the west coast, favours the view that it is in the
direct migration route of a species whose principal known
breeding-stations are stated to be on the east coast of Green-
land.

BRENT GoosE (Lernicla brenta, Pallas).

As the Brent Goose is more common than the Barnacle,
it is fair to conclude that a large majority of the so-called
“Barnacles” reported by light-keepers are of the first-named
species. In only fifteen instances have “Brent Geese” been
mentioned by name, while “ Barnacles” have been reported in

fronted
Goose.

Barnacle
Goose.

Brent Goose.

Brent Goose.

256 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

three hundred and eighteen ; but of four so-called “ Barnacles ”
shot and forwarded, two were Bernicla brenta and one Anser
albifrons, while the true Bernicia leucopsis was sent only once.
Besides having twice been sent as a “ Barnacle,’ the Brent was
once forwarded as an unknown bird, so that three specimens
altogether have been received.

That this species occasionally occurs in summer is proved by
the fact that one example was shot and forwarded from Rathlin
O’Birne on July 10,1887. “Barnacles” have also been reported
flying northwards from Dunree Head, Co. Donegal, on August
1, 1883, and it is not improbable that these, as well as two
“Wild Geese” noted going S.W. from Innishtrahull on June 28,
1894, were Brent Geese.

From 1882 to 1891 inclusive, there were records for August
or September in every year except 1887. These were nearly
all from north-western stations, Aranmore, Rathlin O’Birne,
and Oyster Island; and the direction reported was in every
instance southward. Of late years the reports from this group
of stations have been comparatively meagre, and there is no
record of “Barnacles” earlier than October in any year after
1891, except one from Arklow North Light-ship, September 21,
1894. :

An overwhelming majority of the whole number of observa-
tions on “ Barnacles” is from the north and west coasts, while
the south yields practically none.

|

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |April] May.| June} July Pa Oct. | Nov.| Dec. |Total

pees Coast, Wipe Vo V | ses | goose ll give Hinevec||, sees] veten|, sone Helene a 3
| Bash) oj, b.bdecel} <sofiy2di(b [aesobiet [ews Qala is ee
|North ,, Bi ooo Soda) 0) oaUh).. ash ae
“West rin fs Wa Ep 1 10 | 64 | 52 | 34 | 230
| ‘17 | 23 | 32| 24] 6 |... | 1] 3112] 90| 79 | 46 |333

The period of densest immigration is in the last ten days of
October :—

October 1-10, ‘ . oe November 1-10, . «er
Deseo ca ik ae RD hte gate 2 11-90, °} ae
Bissan! ovgil..“ eeigaity) i 71:30, canna

”

:

Di

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 257

Departure is chiefly witnessed in March and April, as the Brent Goose.
direction records show :—
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Northwards, . 1 4 Mili Miele re tae cles lee LON HGR eS
Moupnwards, . 4 383 ... De ee MieewUsdiee CLS itg ee AO) BONG

Sea-haunting birds, whose flight is along the coast rather

than between land and sea, are more readily observed on their
_ departing migration than land-birds, as the above figures show,
_ when compared with those for other species.

Some very interesting observations, which apparently relate
to the departure of the Brent Goose in spring, were made by
Mr Dunleavy at Samphire Island in 1895. On February 4
“Barnacle Geese” were very numerous at that station; on
February 13 and March 17 large flocks passed N.; on March
24, “these birds are getting scarce”; more flocks were noted

_ as passing N. on six different dates up to April 19, and on that
day “thousands going N.W. from 7 P.M. to 7.30 P.M. in one

continuous string, single file, flying high and making a great
noise. I suspect they were migrating, as I never saw them go
the same course all the season.” On the 21st, several flocks
were noted going N. at 7 pM. and on May 9 is the entry
“Barnacle have left; none seen since April 21st.” The return
of the “ Barnacles” to this station was noted by Mr Dunleavy
on October 7, and a specimen shot and forwarded on November
19 proved to be a Brent Goose, to which species it is therefore
probable that the foregoing observations should be referred.

In the spring of 1896, the last flock was noted going N. from
Samphire Island on April 8, a fortnight earlier than in 1895,
which was a very backward season, owing to the severe weather
experienced in February; but at more northerly stations, such
as Aranmore and Innishtrahull, “Barnacles” have in several
years been noted in May. The latest spring record is from
North Arran Island, May 18, 1885.

Three specimens of Bernicla brenta received were all shot :—
at Drogheda North, October 11, 1892; Samphire Island,
November 19, 1895; and Rathlin O’Birne, July 10, 1887.

Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus Bewicki, Yarrell).

To this species probably belong most of the migratory Swans Bewick’s
observed at Irish light-stations, for the Whooper (Cygnus cass
r

Bewick’s
Swan,

258 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

musicus, Bechstein) is a much scarcef visitant; but some of
the observations undoubtedly relate to the Mute Swan (Cygnus
olor, Gmelin), which is resident in a wild state on several of
our lakes and rivers. In two instances “Black Swans” have
been noted (1883, p. 39, and 1895, p. 495), but as these must
have been escaped birds, they are excluded from consideration.
All the observations on Swans, other than Black, may be
grouped as follows (those in the swmmer months, italicised

below, must relate to the Mute Swan) :—

Coast. Station. ne me Months in which noted,
South| Coningbeg Light-ship,) 1 | December.
East Drogheda North, 5 | January, March, May, July, December.
North ee Island, 1 | November.
Lough Swilly, 1 | June.
Aranmore, 1 | December.
Rathlin O’Birne, 10 | January (2), March (1), April (1),
November (3), December (3).
West Killybegs, 1 | December.
Oyster Island, 1 | December.
Broadhaven, 2 | January and December.
Blacksod Point, 1 | Date not given; earlier in winter
than February 23.
24

As all the east coast records come from one station, which has
twice noted Swans in summer (May 28 and July 22), it is
probable that these all refer to the Mute Swan, likewise the
solitary record from Lough Swilly in June. ;

Of the remaining eighteen records, sixteen are from the
northern section of the west coast, between Aranmore (Donegal)
and Blacksod Point (Mayo). The earliest in autumn and the
latest in spring are both from Rathlin O’Birne, the station
yielding the largest number of Swan occurrences.

Earliest in autumn, November 1, 1896.
Latest in spring, April 21, 1897.

December shows eight records; November, four; January
three ; February, one (probably); March, one; and April, one.

The largest number reported in one flock is thirty, from
Broadhaven, January 21,1897. In other cases the companies
range from two to eleven, from two to six birds being noted in
twelve instances, and from seven to eleven in five.

¢

’
"
€
4
3
s
é

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 259

Direction has been noted twelve times in the autumnal and Bewick’s
winter months (November to January), and was southward in oa
nine, northward in three. It has been twice noted in spring
(March 7 and April 21), and was northward on both occasions,
from Rathlin O’Birne.

[Obs.—As the occurrences of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor,
Gmelin), mentioned under the previous heading, have no claim
to be considered migrational, they do not call for separate
notice. ] .

CoMMON SHELDRAKE (Tadorna cornuta, S. G. Gmelin).

Perhaps more likely to be correctly identified than any other Common
: . Sheldrake.

species of Duck except the Common Scoter; but the only speci- .
men received was sent as an unknown bird, from St John’s
Point, Co. Down; June 28, 1895, without data as to how
obtained.

The observations number only twenty-seven, distributed
almost equally round the coast, and including one or more for
every month except July (twenty from November to April,
seven from May to October). Flocks are mentioned only
twice ; and the only occurrence at lanterns is a rather improb-
able record from the Tuskar, of “seven Sheldrakes killed
striking” on the night of November 14, 1882—improbable
because of the largeness of the number, in the case of a species
not elsewhere reported as striking at all.

Wid Duck (Anas boscas, Linn.).

The observations are of little value, since no specimen has Wild Duck.
been received, though light-keepers have forwarded examples of
the Wigeon and Scaup, etc., and specimens sent as “Wild
Duck” have proved to be Teal and Scoter.
[Obs—The Gadwall (Anas strepera, Linn.), Pintail (Dajila
acuta, Linn.), and Shoveller (Spatula clypeata, Linn.) are omitted,
as no specimens have been forwarded, and there is no reliable
testimony concerning any of them.]

TEAL (Wettion erecca, Linn.).

One has been forwarded, disabled at lantern, Oyster Island, Teal.
Co. Sligo, on the night of October 22, 1890.

7

Teal.

Wigeon.

Scaup.

Golden-Eye.

Long-tailed
Duck.

260 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Another, from Samphire Island, was fotnd dead during frosty
weather, February 12, 1895.
With these exceptions, there is no trustworthy information.

WIGEON (Mareca penelope, Linn.).

One (sent as a Duck) was killed striking at the Maidens,
October 19, 1889; another (sent as a Teal) was found killed
near the light-house at Mine Head, December 13, 1885.

There are 38 observations, all probably of little value—18 ~
from east coast, 9 from west, 8 from south, and 3 from north.

Earliest record in autumn, September 14, 1886 (Dungarvan).
Latest » inspring, April 6, 1897 (Codling Bank Light-ship).

ScauP (Fuligula maria, Linn.).

Three have been received, of which two were shot (Innishtra-
hull, October 15, 1888, and Drogheda North, February 28,
1894); while the third was found dead, along with a Teal, on
rocks at high-water mark on Samphire Island, February 12,
1895. These three examples were sent respectively as a
“Pochard,” “Rock Wigeon,” and “Shovel-bill.” Reliable
observations on the different species of the genus Fuligula are
not to be expected.

[Obs.—Neither the Pochard (Fuligula ferina, Linn.) nor the
Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata, Leach) has been received from
a light-station. |

GOLDEN-EYE (Clangula glaucion, Linn.).

Never mentioned by name in the report of any light-keeper.
The only specimen received was a female, shot at Aranmore,
March 18, 1899.

Lone-TaAILED Duck (Harelda glacialis, Linn.).

The only light-station records are in 1896 and 1899. In the
former year three examples were forwarded—two shot out of a
“flock of about a dozen” at Inishgort, Co. Mayo, on January
18th and 19th, and one shot at Rathlin O’Birne, October 16.
Another, said to have been shot the same year at Innishtrahull,
on September 15 (an unusually early date), was not forwarded.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 261

In 1899 a fine old male was shot on November 13 at Dundalk.
All the above records are from the northern half of Ireland.

Ewer Duck (Somateria mollissima, Linn.).

The Eider has been observed in a few instances at Rathlin
Island, Innishtrahull, and (probably) Killybegs.

At Rathlin Island three were reported on April 3, 1886, and
seventeen on April 16 of the same year, the light-keeper adding
that “the Eider Duck was seen here sixteen years ago.”

At Innishtrahull two (accurately described as “white with
black on top of head”) were noted as “rare visitors” on
February 2, 1890; and on November 5 of that year three were
reported from the same station.

At Killybegs “two rather large white Ducks, never seen
here before,” noted as going S. on February 8, 1894, were
probably of this species.

A record from Rockabill of “Hider Duck and young,” on
June 5, 1886, may be dismissed as erroneous.

No specimen has been received.

Common ScoTER (Gdemia nigra, Linn.).

The Scoter strikes more frequently than other Duck, and
six examples killed at lanterns have been forwarded—one in
October, two in November, one probably in February, and two
in April. The two which were killed in November are from
the Maidens, the remaining four from Wexford stations (Hook
Tower, Lucifer Shoals, and Blackwater Bank).

The earliest observation of “Black Ducks” in autumn is of
a large flock at Drogheda North, September 27, 1891; the
latest in spring is of a flock going E. at Lucifer Shoals Light-
ship, May 16,1890. The total number of observations is only
23 (of which 16 were at east coast stations), but Scoters are no
doubt often reported as “ Wild Ducks.”

Four records in April and May are all from Wexford light-
ships, viz. :—

Lucifer Shoals, April 17, 1888, flock of Black Duck flying low.

» May 16, 1890, flock of Black Duck going E.

Sieckwater Bank, April 15, 1891, flock of Wild Duck at 11 p.m.

going N.E.; three killed striking. [Legs and wings of two

Common Scoters received. ]
Blackwater Bank, April 15, 1894, flock of Black Duck going N.E.

Long-tailed
- Duck.

Eider Duck.

Common
Scoter.

262 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

spaiapr These occurrences apparently indicate migration in a north-
Scoter. eastward direction past the Wexford coast.

SurE-Scorer (Hdemia perspicillata, Linn.).

Surf-Scoter. On November 5, 1888, Mr Dunleavy, while stationed at the
Fastnet, shot an immature bird of this American species (the
third obtained in Ireland at that time) in Crookhaven Harbour,
Co. Cork. It was forwarded in the flesh.

The two previous examples (recorded by Thompson and
Sir R. Payne-Gallwey respectively) were shot off the east coast
of Ireland, in Belfast and Dublin Bays. Three additional
specimens have since been obtained on the west coast.

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER (Mergus serrator, Linn.).

Red-breasted 1 Mentioned occasionally by a few light-keepers, but none of

Merganser. the observations are of interest. Of eighteen records, sixteen
are from mainland-stations and the remaining two from Oyster
Island, Sligo, which is only one mile from shore. There is no
proof that the bird has been recognised on migration. A
female, probably shot, was received from Killybegs, December
24, 1891. }

:

— =. |

ANALYSIS—PART IL.

SoME OF THE PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST—SoME GENERAL
REMARKS — VARIOUS TABLES— BATS AND INSECTS AT
LIGHT-HOUSES—RECIPE FOR PRESERVING WINGS, &C.

Ir may be assumed that almost every land-bird killed
striking at an island light-house or light-ship at night, some
miles from shore, or even at a mainland-station on an exposed
headland, or seen passing over the sea in the day-time,
is in an abnormal situation, and would not be there
unless on the special business of migration. Hence this
phenomenon can be most frequently and most conveniently
witnessed in a country, well supplied with light-stations, At
an inland locality one cannot be nearly so certain that a bird
is migrating. The brilliant lights which save thousands of
human lives by warning our vessels of danger, attract, on the
other hand, thousands upon thousands of winged voyagers,
numbers of whom, when bewildered by the glare on dark
nights, fly oftentimes against the lanterns with great force, and
are killed striking.

The Table on p. xxv shows in a convenient form many of
the conclusions arrived at concerning some of our well-known
birds, but the letterpress under each species in the Analysis
ought also to be consulted.

One interesting result of this investigation is the fact that
in every species of which a sufficient number of wings were
measured, the longer-winged examples arrived first in spring.

In the autumn the same law holds good in nine cases out of
fourteen, the apparent exceptions being the Fieldfare, Wheatear,
Whitethroat, Willow-Wren, and Gold-Crest. In the Blackbird,
in which the sexes can be partially distinguished by their wings,
the longer-winged males come first in autumn; but the reverse
is apparently the case with the females. This latter inference

a

264 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

is, however, neutralised by the fact that some of the supposed
wings of females may have been those of immature males.

It has long been remarked that in certain birds the males
arrive first in spring; it is also known that in several species
the males have the longest wings.

Professor Newton, in his “ Dictionary of Birds,” p. 557, states
that it has been suspected that where there is any difference in
the size of birds of the same species, particularly in the dimen-
sions of their wings, the individuals which perform the most
extensive journeys are naturally those with the longest and
broadest remiges, and the Wheatear and Willow-Wren are cited
as examples.

The Irish specimens of these two species show that as a
whole the longer-winged arrive first in spring, but from this
it is not necessarily to be inferred that our Irish breeding
Wheatears are not the earliest to arrive, as some very long-
winged specimens arrived late. The whole subject of wing
measurements in connection with migration is of the greatest
interest, and further data are being collected.

The close connection between lunar darkness and the number
of birds killed striking has already been demonstrated under
Thrush on pp. 75 and 76 and elsewhere. It does not imply
that there is less migration during moonlight, but it proves that
the birds avoid the lanterns at that time.

The number of birds killed striking in the autumn consider-
ably exceeds the deaths from a similar cause in spring. This
may be due either to the longer autumnal nights, or to the
greater number of birds in the autumnal rushes, or to the fact
that many of them are young and inexperienced, or, what is
most probable, to a combination of all three causes.

Neither the wings nor the statistics afford any sufficient clue
to enable one to determine positively in any given species
whether the young birds precede the old ones or not. This is
a question which the collection of a large number of speci-
mens in the flesh (and not wings merely), in successive years,
and during all stages of the migratory rush, might assist in
deciding, but not conclusively, since it could be objected that
even if the young were accompanied by their parents in the
first rush, the latter might escape altogether. There is one
point in favour of the supposition that the old birds are in

.

the van of the advancing army in autumn—viz., that in the
_ majority of cases the longer-winged birds come first, but see
p. 35.

It has been demonstrated by this inquiry that the islands off
our west coast, and the Atlantic seaboard generally, are the last
refuge of thousands of starving land-birds in hard winters.

The question why so many birds, of apparently feeble flight,
should select the night-time for travelling over sea has not yet
been satisfactorily answered; but it is worth while considering
whether these voyagers do not thereby greatly diminish one of
the chief perils of migration, namely, destruction by Gulls (see
p. 229) at sea, and near shore by Hawks of various species.

The height at which birds fly is another problem regarding
which widely different opinions are held. An attempt was
made to ascertain whether the elevation of a light-house lantern
above the sea-level had any effect on the number of birds killed
striking. No conclusion of any value was arrived at, since
the question was complicated by various other considerations,
especially the locality of the light-station and character of the
light. It is well known that fixed lights are more fatal than
revolving or intermittent ones, and white light is believed to be
more destructive than red. If birds travelled at a very great
height in the day-time they would not be seen at all, and the
schedules would not contain any diurnal records. When
direction is indicated, these records are in the great majority
of cases landwards. One way of accounting for the compara-
tive scarcity of seaward movements, is to assume that departing
birds ascend to a great height and so escape observation, and
that they then descend gradually when approaching land.
Arriving birds are more likely to strike than those departing,
because, among other reasons, many lights are partially obscured
at the landward side.

That some birds fly with great speed is proved by the force
with which they strike the lanterns, the thick glass of which is
occasionally smashed by such heavy species as the Ducks,
where weight, added to velocity, results in a tremendous blow
being given, the keel of the breast-bone being occasionally
flattened at the same time (see pp. 57, 194, 380, etc.).

So far as can be determined, it is the force and not the direc-
tion of the wind which hastens or delays the departure of birds.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 265

266 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

They travel when the wind is blowing from different points of
the compass. It is obvious this must of necessity happen when
the cyclonic or anticyclonic system is of moderate dimensions,
and is not moving in the same direction as the birds.

When travelling in a direct line, birds, according to the “law
of storms,” must often encounter winds blowing from directly
opposite quarters. It has been said that it is the weather at
the starting-point which affects the date of departure, but none
of the collected data prove this, since it is impossible to identify
any particular individuals throughout the entire journey. If
the Redwings are noticed leaving Scandinavia, and again
observed within a day or two arriving in Ireland, we must
assume they are the same birds, otherwise, for the purposes
of this argument, the coincidence would be valueless.

If we look at the dates on which birds are killed striking,
and make allowance for the variation caused by the lunar
phases, a remarkable regularity in the period at which the
majority arrive is shown. Possibly, therefore, the bulk of
each species also departs from other countries on the journey
to Ireland about the same time each year, unless the meteoro-
logical conditions are of a very exceptional type.

MIGRATION ROUTES (SPRING).

Though these cannot be fixed with certainty, the different
coast-distribution of various species on migration suggests that
they follow different lines, and to some extent they can be
arranged accordingly.

Four main groups present themselves, to one or other of
which nearly all our summer visitants can be assigned.

First, the group with a widely-diffused migration route, strik-
ing at stations from 8.W. to N. of Ireland, ze. to the right of
a line GF, drawn from Tearaght to Innishtrahull (see map on
opposite page). This may be called the General Type. The
birds which belong to it are the Ring-Ouzel, Whitethroat,
Willow-Wren, Swallow, Cuckoo, and Corn-Crake.

Second, the group with a south-eastern distribution, occurring
at light-stations to the right of a line CD, drawn from Mine
Head to Mew Island. This may be called the South-Eastern
Type. It contains eleven species (seven of which, printed in

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 267

Bislics, are not known to have struck outside Co. Wexford),

-yiz.,—Hobby, Whinchat, Grasshopper Warbler, Garden Warbler,

Yellow Wagtail, Swift, Nightjar, Quail, Common Sandpiper,
Roseate Tern, Lesser Tern. The seven Wexford species form an
extreme South-Hastern group.

SPRING MIGRATION.

A C E

AB. The Hobby, Garden Warbler, Yellow Wagtail, Swift, Quail, Roseate Tern, and Lesser Tern
only received from stations S.E. of this line.

CD, The Whinchat, Grasshopper Warbler, Nightjar, and Common Sandpiper only received
from stations 8.E. of this line.

EF. The Common Redstart and Chiffchaff not received from any station W. of this line.

GF. The en rcn. Swallow, Ring-Ouzel, and Corn-Crake not received from any station W.
of this line.

Third, the group with an eastern distribution, occurring at
light-stations to the right of a line EF, drawn from Mine Head
to Innishtrahull. Its most typical members are the Redstart
and Chiffchaff. The Sedge Warbler, though it has occasionally
struck at stations on the west coast (N. Arran and Killybegs),
probably belongs to this Eastern Type, since it has not been
received from any Munster station south or west of Mine Head.

Fourth, the group with a southern distribution, occurring at
light-stations to the right of a line drawn from Tearaght to

4

268 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

‘ Arklow N. Light-ship. The Golden “Oriole, though received ©
only from the Skelligs, should probably be referred to the
Southern Type, along with the Spotted Flycatcher, Sand-
Martin, and Turtle-Dove. The last named has strageled to
western stations in early summer, but did not strike there.

The Wheatear does not fall into any group, as its occurrence
at western stations is regular and normal. The only occurrences
of the Blackcap and Wood-Warbler in spring were at the
Maidens and Blackrock (Mayo) respectively, and therefore they
cannot be grouped, nor can the Sandwich, Common, and Arctic
Terns, of which no specimens were received in spring at all.

It may be seen from the map of Europe that the series of
stations favoured by the Southern group are those which would
naturally be reached by birds travelling N.W. from the French
coast. ;

The Eastern Type stations, on the other hand, would be
reached by immigrants from Great Britain in general; and
the South-Eastern by those who select the Welsh coast as their
starting-point. The route of the General Type can only be
explained by supposing that some of its members come direct
from France, and others wid Great Britain.

The birds of the extreme South-Eastern group (confined to —
Wexford stations) may contain some which rightly belong to
the Southern Type, within whose pale their small strip of coast
lies.

The fact that the Sedge Warbler has never been received
from a station south of Mine Head, militates to some extent
against the theory that every bird breeds in the northernmost
part of its range, as it suggests that the Sedge Warblers which
breed in the south-west corner of Ireland arrive on a part of
the coast somewhat farther north than their nesting localities.
The Sedge Warbler occurs so numerously at Irish lanterns
from Mine Head northwards, that it is fair to conclude it would
have been forwarded from the Fastnet or Skelligs, if those
stations lay in its route.

The Whimbrel prefers the west coast of Ireland, going N.
in spring ; the Curlew, the east coast. The Lapwing also selects
the east coast at the same season; the Gannet goes up both the
east and west coasts early in the year, but its return from the
northward is chiefly observed at western stations.

OP Ad declan

Ze
>

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 269

The fact that the Whinchat and Yellow Wagtail, which breed .
only in the N. and N.W. of Ireland, should be limited to
southern stations at the season of arrival is noteworthy.

In the map showing “Spring Migration” (p. 267), no attempt
has been made to lay out any route, and the lines drawn across
Ireland merely indicate the limits of certain species as received
from light-stations. These are curiously suggestive of direc-
tion, and as if the main body of birds came from the S.E., with

a front extending from 8.W. to N.E.
An attempt was made to draw a few similar lines for the
_ autumnal immigrants, but owing to various causes it was not
sufficiently successful to merit illustration. Maps showing the
coast-distribution have been given in the text under Spotted
_ Flycatcher, Common Redstart, Black Redstart, Whinchat,
Sedge Warbler, Golden-crested Wren, Siskin and Brambling,
Linnet and Twite, and Woodcock.
The points of arrival of the various species dealt with in the
_ Analysis will be found in the text under each individual species,
as far as the light-stations indicate them.

In Ireland it would be difficult to ascertain whether the
birds to arrive first in spring are our own breeding birds or
those proceeding farther north. Most of our spring immi-
grants come to stay, and the fact that the longer-winged
examples are in the van is no proof that they belong to the
Northern Type. Im the case of the Wheatear, some of the
very longest-winged specimens came late; but, taken as a
whole, the earlier wings of the Wheatear have a greater
average length than the later.

Judging by specimens, it is not true to say that the earlier
immigrants are first obtained in the S.W. of Ireland either in
spring or autumn, though in a few species it holds good.

There are grounds for believing that such White Wagtails as
approach Ireland on their northward journey in spring pass up
the west coast like the Whimbrel, both species being preceded
by what may turn out to be a northern race of Wheatears.

MicraTion Routes (AUTUMN).

If a census were taken, it would probably be found that the
bird population of Ireland was greatest in the late autumn.

270 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

The spring migration is comparativély hurried; but in the ©

autumn, birds linger on their southward journey, and as the
young birds are then added to the advancing army, it is

much more numerous, and, probably owing to ignorance and
lack of discipline in the young, has a much more widespread

and irregular front—hence the migration routes at this season

are ill-defined.

It is true in the main to say that the arrival of Arctic birds
ceases after the middle of November, but it cannot be said
that it is universally true, for some of our later immigrants are
probably Arctic birds which have stopped at a half-way house.

The departure of birds is so little observed, that it is difficult
to say whether they retrace their steps along the same line in
autumn by which they reached us in spring; but many birds
have struck at our most southerly station, the Fastnet, in
autumn which have not struck so far south in spring (see
Table, p. xxv).

Whether the Waders—Ducks, Gulls, and Divers—travel
direct N. and §S. in the autumn, and strike the route of the
Passeres at right angles, is a a igee which the records do not
enable us to answer.

Such vague inquiries lead et no direct result. It would be

well if both interrogations and research were confined to one
species at a time, especially when investigating in bird migration.

The East coast receives the bulk of the immigrants in
autumn, as it does in spring; but, as might be expected, the
direction of flight in autumn is south-west rather than north-
west, and consequently certain light-stations which receive
none of the spring immigrants receive a fair proportion of the
autumnal ones.

Northern stations lying west of Innishtrahull are shut out of
the flight-line of our spring immigrants (though Innishtrahull
itself has sent examples of many of them). This remark
does not necessarily apply to the Wheatear, which no doubt
passes Tory Island and Aranmore on passage towards Iceland
or, Greenland; but no other species among the birds usually
accounted “summer visitants” is known to have struck at
either of those stations. The probable explanation is that they
do not lie in the landward route of any bird flying W. or N.W.

Among our autumnal immigrants, the following have struck

|

; ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 Qv1

at either Tory Island or Aranmore :—Thrush, Redwing, Field-
fare, Blackbird, Skylark, Water-Rail, Woodcock, Snipe, and
Purple Sandpiper—enough to show a marked difference between
the spring and autumnal movements. The Water-Rail and
Purple Sandpiper may reach this part of the coast by a direct
southward flight, but it is probable that the others are flying
S.W. from Scotland or Northern Europe.

All the above-named birds have likewise been received from
the Tuskar, which is at the opposite angle of the coast from
Tory Island, and have also been forwarded from the south
(Woodcock, Snipe, and Purple Sandpiper from Hook Tower,
the rest from the Fastnet), The Purple Sandpiper has not
been forwarded from any eastern stations lying between Wex-
ford and Donegal, but the migration route of the remaining
eight species practically includes the whole Irish coast. The
numbers arriving, except in the case of the Water-Rail, are
much greater on the E. than on the W. side of the island.

Three species—the Gold-Crest, Meadow Pipit, and Starling
—have been received in autumn from stations ranging round
the south, east, and north-east coasts from Fastnet to Innish-
trahull, but not from Tory Island or Aranmore. Starlings,
however, are reported as striking numerously at Tory Island
in the autumns of 1887, 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1895; and
there are records of both Gold-Crests and Starlings striking at
Aranmore, though no specimens were forwarded. It is, there-
fore, probable that the same south-westward direction is taken
by these three species, and that the whole of the Irish coast is
included within their route, like that of the other autumnal
immigrants already noticed.

The autumnal immigration from the north-east thus com-
prises ten species, which flow into Ireland at all points from
N. to 8. :—

Thrush. Gold-Crest. Starling.
Fieldfare. Meadow Pipit. Woodcock.
Redwing. Skylark. Common Snipe.
Blackbird.

But, as was shown in dealing with these species separately,
the Thrush, Blackbird, Gold-Crest, Meadow Pipit, and Starling
occur far more densely towards the southern extremity of the
Channel, while the Lark’s migration seems uniform from north

i

272 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

to south, and the Fieldfare, Snipe, and Woodcock, if the observa-
tions are to be relied on, arrive most numerously in the north.

Judging by the “ Migration Reports,” the earliest Woodcock
arrive in Donegal (see p. 208). It has often been alleged
that it first appears at our western and south-western stations
in the autumn,—an ingenious gentleman once seriously
suggested that this was due to the fact that the Scandinavian
Scolopax rusticula started from Norway with its bill pointed
direct for Ireland, but that by the time it reached the spot
where Ireland ought to be, that island, owing to the earth’s
rotation, had moved several miles from W. to E., and the
Woodcock found itself out in the Atlantic, the shores of
Kerry and Connemara fast receding from its view on the
eastern horizon. The bird then had a race to catch up
Ireland, and landed in an exhausted condition on our western
coast.

The early Redwings are evenly distributed, like the Lark;
the later cross the southern half of the Channel with the bulk
of the Thrushes and Blackbirds.

A second group of autumnal immigrants reaches us from the
east, of which no specimens have been forwarded in autumn
from stations north of Rockabill (lat. 53° 36’) in the eastern
half of Ireland, or of Blackrock, Mayo (lat. 54° 4’), in the
western half (and at this last-named station their occurrences
at lantern have been rare). This group comprises the Chaffinch,
Greenfinch, Linnet, Jack Snipe, and Dunlin. The migrational
limits of these five species on the south and east coast, as
defined by the specimens, is very similar, viz. :—

Chafiinch, L . Fastnet to Rockabill.
Greenfinch, : . Coningbeg to Rockabill.
Linnet, . . Hook Tower to Codling Bank.
Jack Snipe, : . Hook Tower to Rockabill.
Dunlin, . : . Fastnet to Rockabill.

On the west coast, the Greenfinch has been caught at lanterns
as far north as Blackrock (Mayo), and the Chaffinch is reported
to have struck at the same station, from which a shot specimen
was sent in corroboration. The records as to both species
striking at this station were in November 1887, and may be
considered exceptional.

- —

4
4
<
‘
z
+

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 273

The limits of the above-mentioned five birds suggest that
they reach us by a route nearly due west from the Welsh coast,

though in the case of the Jack Snipe it is difficult to under-

stand such a course being adopted.

The Goldfinch may probably be referred to the above group,
though rarely forwarded.

Thirdly, there is a group which favours the south coast. Its
constituents are all more or less erratic visitants :—

Pied Flycatcher. Brambling.
Black Redstart. Siskin.

The coast-line from Tearaght to Arklow South Light-ship
has furnished 52 examples of these four species in autumn.
Stations north of that limit have sent only three specimens
(Black Redstarts), all shot. The Brambling and Siskin occur
in such uncertain numbers from year to year that we may
regard their visits to our south coast light-stations as the result
of hard weather, which drives them from their accustomed
winter retreats elsewhere. If they came to us direct from the
north of Europe, they might be expected to occur chiefly at
north-easterly stations, as the Fieldfare does.

It is very remarkable that the autumnal immigration of such
northern species as the Jack Snipe, Siskin, and Brambling, is
apparently confined to the southern half of Ireland, if we are
to judge by specimens killed striking.

Fourthly, there is a small group with a tendency to strike
on the north-west :—

Snow Bunting. Water-Rail.
Twite. Purple Sandpiper.

The migration of the Twite is very scantily attested. The
other three species breed in Iceland, and their occurrence on
our north-western sea-board is what we might expect. None
of the three Icelandic birds are confined to the N.W., and on
one occasion they all struck together at the Tuskar—October
29, 1892.

Fifthly, there are a few species whose visits to the west
coast require that they should be grouped apart. The most
interesting is the

Mealy Redpoll

27h MIGRATION OF BIRDS

of the large race (var. rostrata) which®breeds in Greenland.
The others are the

Greenland Falcon. Iceland Gull.
Snowy Owl. Barnacle Goose.
Glaucous Gull. Surf-Scoter.

All these species are known to breed on the western side of
the Atlantic (chiefly in Greenland), and only two of them—the
Snowy Owl and Glaucous Gull—on the eastern side, or in
Iceland. It is, therefore, not improbable that examples of all
reach Ireland from the western continent. No bird of this
group has ever been noted as striking the lanterns. Except
the Mealy Redpoll, they all belong to orders which scarcely
ever strike.

ReturRN MOVEMENTS.

Of these we can say little or nothing. From innumerable
points of view the observations recorded tend to one conclusion,
that nearly all the movements noted at light-stations are immi-
gratory, emigration being unobserved. ,

This conclusion is principally grounded on—

(a) The records of direction of flight.

(6) The paucity of specimens at season of departure.

(c) The southerly stations at which some “ winter visitants”
strike in spring.

(dq) The abnormally late dates (for departing birds) at which
“winter visitants” have struck. ;

(ec) The frequent deaths from exhaustion reported at “season of
departure.”

(f) The fact that some species (as the Thrush) show greater
average length of wing in autumn than in spring.

Direction of Flight—Accumulated evidence that this is land-
ward at both seasons of chief observed migration is given in the
cases of Turdus musicus, Turdus merula, Motacilla lugubris,
Anthus pratensis, Alauda arvensis, Fringilla calebs, Sturnus
vulgaris, and Corvus frugilegus. These are the only land-birds
whose direction had been noted in more than a few instances,
except Hirundo rustica, which is sometimes (but not frequently)
seen departing. There are other species, as Ligurinus chloris,
Scolopax rusticula, and Gallinago celestis, whose recorded direc-

4
a
4
)

7

a

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 Q75

tions in spring, though few, point the same way as those of the

eight first-mentioned.

Paucity of Specimens at Season of Departure.—This is speci-
ally noticeable in the case of birds which are wholly absent at
one season. “Summer migrants” are vastly more numerous
when leaving than when arriving, considering the number of
young reared; but they strike the lanterns three times as
numerously in spring as in autumn (see Table G, p. 279).
“Winter migrants,” counting only those species of which none
breed with us, strike ¢en times as numerously in autumn as in
spring (see Table H, p. 280). “Partial winter migrants,” of
which some either stay or come to breed, strike'three times
as numerously in autumn as in spring (see Table J, p. 280).

Southerly Stations struck in Spring.—The principal instances
are among Limicoline birds (Jack Snipe, Dunlin, Purple Sand-
piper), which cannot be southward-bound in spring, and are
probably going northwards to Iceland or the Arctic regions.
The Jack Snipe has been sent in spring from Hook Tower, the
Dunlin from Coningbeg Light-ship, and the Purple Sandpiper
from the Fastnet (all on the south coast).

Late Dates of striking in Spring.—Some species which have
rarely or never been known to strike during their normal
period of departure, have nevertheless done so after the depart-
ing movement may be considered at an end. Thus the bulk
of our Snow Buntings must leave us in March or early April,
yet the only dates of striking in spring (later than February
20) are April 21 and May 17. The emigration of the Bram-
bling is believed to be completed by the middle of March
(Saunders’s “ Manual”), yet the only spring specimens from
light-stations were in April. The Chaffinches which winter
in Ireland are not usually seen after March, but of three
sent in spring, the only one with data was found dead on a
south-coast light-ship on May 13. The Common Snipe is
stated by Mr H. Saunders to leave before or during March ;
no specimens have been sent in either February or March,
but three, killed striking, have been forwarded between April 6
and May 25. The evidence of the dates thus corroborates that
of the stations, tending to show that the occurrences under
notice are referable to a different movement from that of our
departing birds.

276 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Deaths from Exhaustion at “ Season of Departure.’—These are
principally noticed under Chaffinch and Greenfinch. The cases
cited (pp. 727, 122, and 128) are the more significant, as the
wind is stated to have been light.

Wing Measurements in Autumn longer than in Spring—
On an average, this peculiarity is found to prevail in the
Thrush, and in a comparatively slight degree in the Black-
bird and Starling. If the migrants were the same indi-
viduals at each season, we might rather expect the opposite
rule from the intermixture of young birds in the autumnal
rushes.

The following appended tables may be of some use in esti-
mating general results :—

A.—Nearly all birds migrate in some part or other of their
range, but the following have not been proved by the light-
keepers to migrate to or from Ireland.

Sparrow-Hawk. *Rock-Pipit. Jay.
Hen-Harrier. *Corn Bunting. *Kingfisher.
Barn-Owl (1). *House-Sparrow. © Rock-Dove.
Dipper. Lesser Redpoll. Red Grouse.
*Hedge-Sparrow. Bullfinch. Pheasant.
Tree-Creeper. Chough (3). Partridge.
Blue Titmouse. Raven. Cormorant (7).
Coal Titmouse. Hooded Crow (?). Shag (2).
*Long-tailed. Titmouse. Magpie. Heron.

* The few species marked with an asterisk have been killed or disabled at
lanterns under circumstances which possibly indicate mere local movements.

B.—Birds which, though shown to migrate, probably do so on
a small scale in proportion to their numbers.

Robin. Reed-Bunting. Twite.
Wren. Yellowhammer. Water-Hen.
Great Titmouse. Linnet. Coot.

.C.—Birds which most frequently strike the lanterns, showing
number of specimens of each received. There are a few
examples of some species in this list which cannot properly be
allocated either to spring or autumn, hence the totals occasion-
ally differ slightly from those in the tables for these seasons.

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 277

Blackbird, . : . 148 | Willow Wren, . P ny SE
Sedge Warbler, . . 142 | Starling, . ' : co BA)
Skylark, 4 ‘ . 130] Redwing, : : . 61
Thrush, . : ; 118} Gold-Crest, . : o*° BG
Whitethroat, . . . 109 | Chaffinch, ‘ : ae:
Wheatear, . ) . 891 Fieldfare, ‘ F . 48

Every species of which as many as forty specimens have
been received is named in above list. It will be observed that
_ all belong to the order Passeres.

D.—Some birds which, though known to migrate regularly,
have not been forwarded from light-stations.

Oyster-Catcher. Great-crested Grebe (?).
Little Stint. Grey-leg Goose.
Curlew Sandpiper. Bean Goose.
Greenshank. Wild Duck.

Sandwich Tern. Shoveller.

Pomatorhine Skua. Pintail.

Richardson’s Skua. Pochard.

Great Northern Diver. Tufted Duck.

Red-throated Diver.

It will be noted that none of the above belong to the order
Passeres. The only orders represented are Limicole, Gavie,
Pygopodes, and Anseres. Only one swmmer visitant, the very
local Sandwich Tern, belongs to this group, while there are
sixteen winter visitants—z.e., eleven that do not breed in
Ireland at all, or breed very sparingly, and five which, while
breeding in limited numbers, are largely reinforced in the
winter months.

In the remaining orders—including Passeres, the largest and
most important of all—every bird which is known to be a
regular immigrant at any season has been received from a
light-station.

These facts are important in estimating the weight of the
negative evidence as to a species being migratory or otherwise,
in instances where it has no¢ been forwarded.

Such evidence is strong in the case of a passerine bird,
because among the Passeres we have the greatest cumulative
proof that species which migrate are addicted to striking the
lanterns.

So strong is the testimony in the case of this large order,

278 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

that if we look from regular to irregular (Passerine) visitants, we
find only twelve species which have not been sent from light-
stations, while there are thirteen which have been forwarded.

Forwarded. Not Forwarded.

*Woodchat Shrike. Great Grey Shrike.

Pied Flycatcher. Red-backed Shrike.
*Red-breasted Flycatcher. White’s Thrush.

Golden Oriole. Rufous Warbler.
*Lesser Whitethroat. Icterine Warbler.

Barred Warbler. Waxwing.
*Yellow-browed Warbler. Two-barred Crossbill.

White Wagtail. Serin.

Wood-Lark. Ortolan.
*Short-toed Lark. Rose-coloured Starling.
*Lapland Bunting. Carrion Crow.

Mealy Redpoll. Purple Martin.

Crossbill.

* Those marked with an asterisk have been received only from light-stations.
Nearly all the birds in the right-hand column are very rare stragglers to Ireland,
and six of them have been obtained only once.

It may therefore be concluded that any passerine bird
resident in Ireland, which has never been received from a
light-station is little given to migration.

This is the case with the following—

Tree-Creeper. Bullfinch. Magpie.
Coal Titmouse. Hooded Crow. Jay.
Lesser Redpoll.

In the case of non-passerine birds we cannot argue with the
same confidence. Among the Limicolw only a few species are
addicted to striking, though all are known to be migratory.
Negative evidence in this order would therefore be valueless.

E.—Birds which, though formerly classed as “residents,” are

proved by their frequent occurrence at light-stations to be
habitual migrants—

Missel-Thrush. Meadow Pipit. Greenfinch.
Song-Thrush. Skylark. Rook.
Blackbird. Chaffinch. Water-Rail.

Golden-crested Wren.

while the Robin, Wren, Great Titmouse, Pied and Grey Wag-
tails, Goldfinch, Linnet, Twite, Water-Hen, Coot, and Little

79

rks

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 ‘

Grebe may be named as instances of “resident” species which
are shown to migrate to a certain extent.

F.—Birds which light-keepers have added to the Irish List—

Woodchat Shrike. Lapland Bunting.
Red-breasted Flycatcher. Mealy Redpoll (Greenland
Lesser Whitethroat. form, var. rostrata).
Yellow-browed Warbler. Yellow-billed Sheathbill.

Short-toed Lark.

The Pied Flycatcher and Wryneck are rare stragglers whose
ascertained occurrences in Ireland have been chiefly at light-
stations. All the light-house records of the above ten species,
amounting to twenty-eight occurrences, were in autumn.

G.—Birds found in Ireland only in swmmer months, showing
comparative numbers forwarded from light-stations in spring
and autumn.

; Spring. Autumn.
: Spotted Flycatcher, . é : 9 5
q Ring-Ouzel, ; ) : 8 7
Common Redstart, : fark? 5
{ Whinchat, , ; . wh l2 3
| Wheatear, ; ; j ea, ai 18
| Sedge Warbler, io ee 55
| Grasshopper Warbler, 8 1
. Whitethroat, . . : ee 22
; Wood-Warbler, 2 : A 1 a0
; Willow Wren, . ‘ : Ge 17
Chiffchaff, vy 1D 6
| Garden-Warbler, 5 ; ; 1 1
Yellow Wagtail, 1 2
Swallow, , ; hale 1
House-Martin, . , : ‘ 2
Sand-Martin, . ; : : 8 fe
. Swift, eek 3
Nightjar, : : : : 3 se
Cuckoo, . : : : — 10 3
Turtle Dove, . : E y . ot 3
Corn-Crake, . : : Pikes! 2
Common Sandpiper, . ones th 2
Common Tern, . Ss
Arctic Tern, es 3
Lesser Tern, . ; ‘ : 1
Roseate Tern, . P , : 1

280 , MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Nearly three times as many speciméns received in spring
as in autumn. But for the exceptional case of the Sedge
Warbler, the figures would be 363 in spring, 106 in autumn.
The Cuckoo has never struck the lanterns on autumnal
migration.

H.—Birds found in Ireland only in winter months, showing
comparative numbers forwarded in spring and autumn.

Spring. Autumn.

Red wing, 2 57
Fieldfare, 2 41
Black Redstart, 2 24
Brambling, ; : : 2 9
Snow Bunting,. ; : 2 te 19
Jack Snipe, 3 8

25 158

—nearly seven times as many specimens in autumn as in
spring. Omitting the Snow Bunting, specimens of which were
chiefly shot, the figures would be 11 in spring, 139 in autumn.

J.—Birds found in Ireland throughout the year, but more
numerous in winter, showing comparative numbers forwarded

in spring and autumn
Spring. Autumn.

Thrush, . ‘ : : ee es! 83
Blackbird, 2 ; ; oe pee 120
Meadow Pipit, . : : i Se 20
Skylark, : : paeoo 90
Chaffinch, : . 3 44
Greenfinch, : ‘ a ame 15
Siskin, .. , det age 14
Starling, ’ : oll 51
Lapwing, : i 3 2
Woodcock, ; F : ded, 4 10
Common Snipe, 3 12
Dunlin, . 9 12
Curlew, . 2 1

151 474

—more than three times as many in autumn as in spring.
Compare this with preceding table (H), and it is seen that the
winter visitants who wholly absent themselves in summer, strike
much less numerously in spring than those whose numbers

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 281

merely diminish in the breeding season. Hypothetically, this
can be explained by the suggestion that there is a spring
immigration of the latter group of species (Thrush, Blackbird,
Meadow Pipit, etc.) simultaneous with the departure of the
winter visitants; while the Redwing, Fieldfare, Black Redstart,
and Brambling, being al/ emigrants, scarcely ever strike the
lanterns at that season.

K.—Birds, the direction of whose flight has been generally
noted as /andwards both in spring and autumn.

Thrush. Meadow Pipit. Starling.
Blackbird. Skylark. Rook.
Pied Wagtail. Chafiinch.

As all these species are found in Ireland throughout the
year, it is possible that a second immigration takes place.

There are also exceptional records of Corn-Crakes flying
landwards in autumn, as there are of Woodcock and Snipe
in spring. Corn-Crakes have occasionally been found winter-
ing in Ireland, but immigration in autumn has never hitherto
been suspected. In confirmation of the landward direction of
so many species at their supposed season of departure, we have
evidence of some (as the Chaffinch and Greenfinch) dying on
light-ships of exhaustion in spring, when the weather was not
stormy.

L.—Birds whose departing flights have in some instances
been witnessed by light-keepers.
Among land-birds these are extremely few—

Starling. | Swallow. | Lapwing.

The Starling’s departure seems to have been noticed under
abnormal meteorological conditions. Twenty-six flocks of
Swallows have been seen flying seawards in autumn—a small
number for so common a bird. The Lapwing is hardly a
case in point, since it is simultaneously seen arriving at the
southern and departing at the northern extremity of the east
coast in spring, and is therefore, in the case of these observa-
tions, to be regarded as a bird of passage rather than an
emigrant.

Among aquatic birds (Gannet, Swans, Geese, etc.) observa-
tions of return movements are comparatively frequent.

7

282 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

M.—Summer visitants which have been killed at light-
stations at abnormally late dates in autumn :—

Spotted Flycatcher, November 20, 1897, Tuskar.

Ring-Ouzel, » (217), 1897, Tuskar.

Common Redstart, _ 7, 1891, Killybegs.
Whinchat, 44 9, 1890, Blackwater Bank.
Sedge Warbler, B 9, 1890, r 5
Whitethroat, 2, 9, 1890, . =
Blackcap, s 7, 1891, Hook Tower.

N.—Birds which, though summer visitants to Great Britain,
have occurred at Irish light-stations only in autumn.
Woodchat Shrike (once). Wryneck (four times).

Pied Flycatcher (seven times). Spotted Crake (twice).
Lesser Whitethroat (twice).

The Blackcap’s occurrences at light-stations have been chiefly
autumnal, and there is reason to suspect an irregular immi-
gration at that season. The visits of these birds are probably
akin to those of the Red-breasted Flycatcher, Yellow-browed
Warbler, Barred Warbler, Lapland Bunting, and Short-toed
Lark—all in autumn.

O.—Birds which have been noted flying westwards from the

extreme west into the Atlantic :—

Starling, from Eagle Island, E., October 31, 1884 (“a thousand”),
also October 31 and November 1, 1886 (“thousands”); and
from Blackrock (Mayo), November 16, 1887 (“about sixty ”):

Rook, from Slyne Head, October 21, 1889, “large flocks.”

Heron, from Blackrock (Mayo), September 2, 1896.

Also “Linnets” (a term too vaguely used to be accepted
with confidence), from Eagle Island, September 12,1884. Black-
birds and other species have occasionally been noted going
west from the Arran Isles and from Rathlin O’Birne, but these
records are less curious than the-above from Eagle Island and
Blackrock. What the object of these movements can be it is
difficult to conceive; it may be that sometimes there is a reck-
less.western impulse. We know that islands off our west coast
are the last refuge of many species during hard weather, but
the occasional autumnal rushes out on to the Atlantic Ocean
do not appear to be associated with any special meteorological
condition.

]

x

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 283

Much has been written on the routes taken during migration,
and fanciful aerial roadways have been sketched along the
coast, up river-valleys, through mountain passes, and other
imaginary lines. When, however, the author is pinned to a
particular species, there is often very little for such a specu-
lator to build upon, except the theory of least resistance.

In the works of some prolific writers on migration, there are
general statements which it is impossible to grapple with. A
more precise indication of the individual species referred to in
each case would be necessary to enable one to do so. ~

There are some points which the reader must bear in mind
when studying the foregoing Analysis, and the Annual Reports
which follow. The element of uncertainty attaches itself to
every record made by an untrained observer,—and, as the light-
keepers are not skilled ornithologists, care has been taken
not to attach too much importance to any particular statement.
When, however, entries are corroborated by specimens or by
independent testimony year after year at several stations, then
the utility of accumulating what at one time appeared to be
useless statistics is more clearly shown.

This is one reason why many trifling notes swell the size of
the Annual Reports. These were printed in order to see
whether, if repeated for many years, they might be of any
practical value.

One item occasionally omitted (though inserted by the light-
keepers) was the time at which birds were seen passing. Some
observers appeared to make entries only at particular hours
when they happened to be in the light-house tower, or passing
to and fro from their dwellings, and conclusions based on such
data were not reliable.

A natural tendency to forward only uncommon varieties
which were killed striking prevents the figures showing the
relative proportion of the various species of birds killed at
lanterns from being strictly accurate, but it is in the main
correct, and a request now printed at the top of each schedule
(see p. xxiii) to send the leg and wing of every common bird
killed striking will, it is to be hoped, remedy this defect.
Whether there was a tendency to forward the first specimen
of each common species killed during the season and to omit

1 The column for the direction of flight was first added in 1884.

284 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

some of those obtained subsequently, % not certain, but at
any rate there is a possibility it might sometimes have been
done.

In the Analysis there are several tables, and in them different
words have occasionally been used to express the same idea—
thus, “table of occurrences,” “table of observations,’ “table
of records,” “table of reported occurrences,” and “table of
observed occurrences,” are identical. An occurrence, observa-
tion, or record, signifies a particular date on which a particular
species was noted at a particular station, whether the number
seen was large or small, or observed many times during the day
or only once.

The arrangement of the Analysis is the same as that of the
Reports, which were commenced several years ago, and which
chiefly followed the fourth edition of Yarrell. The nomenclature
is that of Saunders’s “ Manual of British Birds.”

The great problems of the origin of the migratory impulse
and how birds find their way, are outside the scope of this work.

BATS.

Bats have been reported on several occasions from some of
our most out-lying stations (Fastnet, Rockabill, Blackrock
(Mayo), and Tearaght), as well as from two light-ships (Lucifer
_ Shoals and Arklow South). Three were forwarded, and
belonged to the three following species :—

Plecotus auritus (Long-eared Bat), Tearaght, November 4, 1891.

Vesperugo pipistrellus (Pipistrelle or Common Bat), Arklow South
Light-ship, September 21, 1898.

Vespertilio Daubentoniz (Daubenton’s Bat), Lucifer Shoals Light-
ship, April 24, 1891.

The Long-eared and Daubenton’s Bats were caught, the
Pipistrelle found dead. Bats have never been reported as
striking the lantern.

INSECTS.

Among insects forwarded, the most interesting was a
Locust (Locusta cinerascens), caught at South Arran Island
in August 1898 (see Jrish Naturalist, 1899, p. 249). The

;
|
3
|
q

ANALYSIS OF REPORTS, 1881-97 285

Death’s Head Moth (Acherontia atropos) has been received
from Coningbeg Light-ship, ten miles from shore, and about
a dozen times from mainland-stations.

RECIPE FOR PRESERVING LEGS AND WINGS.

Brush every leg and wing over on both sides with a broad,
flat, soft brush, which has been dipped in a solution composed
of half a pint of spirits of wine and 24 drachms of corrosive
sublimate, then mount them like botanical specimens (of course
without gum or paste) on sheets of stiff paper, with the original
labels pasted or pinned in corner.

ERRATUM.

The entry in the 1893 “ Report,” p. 369, of a Grey Phalarope
at Arklow South Light-ship is a repetition by mistake of a
similar entry for 1892.

aC en ass ga De ;

'! som? mexoh >
cou) lie
Tre Mine,

iho ere

“Oe wokleArigg
' vito unltote

REPORTS

ON THE

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

AS OBSERVED AT
LIGHTHOUSES & LIGHTSHIPS
ON

THE IRISH COAST,

1888-1897

INCLUSIVE.

bo

List or Licht STATIONS.

1. Fastnet, Co. Cork,

4, Mine Head, Waterford,....

eeeeeeseee

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

1 Schedules Received.

eeeeee

bo

peeeee

5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 4
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do., il

7. Tuskar Rock, do

5 6

7a. Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do., 2

7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,

do., 2

8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 2

Hook Tower sent 2 specimens, Crookhaven 1, Kinsale 1, Drogheda E. and W. 1,
: and Green Island 1.

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 105.

o= No reply.

Spring, replies received from 23 stations.

8.* Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 3
10. Kish Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin,... 1
11. Howth Baily, dos, e5 i
12a.St John’s Point, Down,.......... il
126. South Rock Lt.-ship, do., ...... 1
13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ... 1
14.*Maidens South, Antrim,......... 1
15. Rathlin Island, do, —......... 1
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 3
17. Dunree Head, do.,_......... 2
20. Aranmore, 0:5. decneseet 2
21. Rathlin O’Birne, do.,_......... 2
24. Broadhaven, Mayo,............... 1
DiemeblaCkTOCK, | Os.) cece scenes 2
31. Slyoe Head, S., Galway,......... 3
32. Arran Island, N., do., ......... 3
34. Arran Island, S., do., ......... 1
Bie beatae, AKeOrry, -.cw.wsrcseem een 3
POMS GOUIGH. (GO.,)9 asucecdenaswenos 2

é
~~

o .

oo

%2 Remarks
dsl on
=% Schedules.
ara

a6

o
eI

8 excellent.

14 very good.

10 excellent.
0 good.

26 excellent.

1 good.
0 fair.

13 very good.

1 good.

0 fair.

1 fair.
0 fair.

0 fair.

5 very good.

0 good.
0 poor.

1 very good.

0 fair.

7 very good.
0 very good.

0 good.

0 very good.

1 excellent.

0 very good,

0 good.

11 excellent.

0 very good.

x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Autumn, replies received from 22 stations,

Spring.

Oo

a i a i )

a)

x

[1888

26
5 8 Names of Observers,
a5
5
x 8 George Dunleavy.
Ed. M‘Carron and
Berg James Walsh. \
10 P. Cullen and W,
a Clydesdale.
x 4 Charles M‘Cabe.
P. Corish, EK. M‘Kenna,
Si J. M. Leary, and P.
Page. ;
x 9 Michael Anser.
x 6 John Murphy.
7 A. B. Wall and P,
sa Clancy.
8 William Daly and
= James Toomey.
ae Michael Cunniam and
J. Pinston.
o — R. Armstrong.
x - Edward Rohu.
mee Thomas Cooney and
Henry Thompson.
x 3 Ed. M‘Carron.
o 5 B. Sole and J. Corish.
o 6 Patrick Keenan.
x 6 M. J. Kennedy.
x - Jervis Brownell.
x 5 Thomas Fortune.
x 2 J. C. Macginley.
o -— John A, Murray.
o8 {| Edward Rohu and
: ( Richard Widdicombe
Richard Widdicombe,
x 3 P. D’Arcy, and F
Maguire.
= H. Williams, J. O’Don-
nell, and J. Watson.
x 6 Wm. Morgan.
arg F. Ryan, W. H. James,
and B. Jeffers.
x 9 James Walsh.

1888] IRISH COAST 3

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

‘Spotted Flycatcher, Rec’d. in flesh, Killed st.,2. 18/ 5 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Pied Flycatcher, . Deadonrock, 30/ 9 mo., Fastnet.

4 ~_ . Leg, wing, tail, Shot, . . 28/9mo., Tuskar.
‘Missel Thrush, . Leg andwing, Killed st., . 30/11 mo., Aranmore.

Thrush, . 3 a 2 . 18/ 1 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
” two, 2 9 ee) , 7/ 2 mo., ” ”
BS : : ae ., . 16/10 mo., Tuskar.
as y - 59 Sy . 17/ 1mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
= F . 5 2 . 11/ 3mo., =
“2 : ; 45 e . 9/11 mo., Copeland (Afew) "Telana.
” : : a 5 30/11 mo., Aranmore.
” ” a cht at 4} 6/11 mo., Tearaght.
Redwing, . . Leg, wing, head, Shot, . . 16/ 2mo., Mine Head.
oe 3 . Legandwing, Killedst., . 9/11 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
” . : ” cr . 6/11 mo., Tearaght.
Fieldfare, . 2 be > 2/11 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
mi : - A . ane } 6/11 mo., Tearaght.
Blackbird, . . Leg, : . Killedst., . 18/ 3mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
3 two, . lLegsand wings, ae . 16/10 mo., Tuskar.
+ . . Leg and wing, 29/11 mo., Aranmore.

Ring-Ouzel, . Rec'd. in flesh, aaa ak 15/ 4mo., Hook Tower.
2 », two,. lLegsandwings, Killed st., . 29/ 9mo., Tuskar.

Black Redstart, two, Rec’d. in flesh, iene }-28/10 mo., Fastnet.
Whinchat, . . re Killed st., . 9/ 5mo., Tuskar.
“e : : re Shot, . . 12/ 5mo., Tearaght.
Wheatear, . . Legand wing, Killed st., . 21/ 4 mo., Fastnet.
a : . Ree’d. in flesh, 3 - 9/5mo., Tuskar.
“= - : Pe ee - 9/ 8mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Sedge Warbler, . * a . 10/ 5mo., Mine Head.
” ” 3 #3 - . 18/5mo, ,, rs
5 ,, two, Legsand wings, = je 20/ Some: yy, pe
2 », two, Ree’d. in flesh, a; - 9/ 5mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
= oe A s i . 18/ 5 mo., os os
” as : i HS . 9/ 5mo., Tuskar.
is », four, Legsand wings, - . 10/ 8mo, os
a “4 . Legandwing, Killed, - 6/ 9mo, ie
” », four, Rec’d.inflesh, Killedst., . 9/ 8mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

4 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Lecs, WINGS, ETc., RECEIVED—continued.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.
Grasenoyiee Rec’d.inflesb, Killed st., . 9/5 mo., Tuskar,
Warbler, . ; 2
Whitethroat, three, Legsandwings, 35 . 10/ 5 mo., Mine Head.
” two, 29 18/ 5 mo., oF)

a) x
ty : . Rec’d.inflesh, Killed, . 11/ 9mo., Hook Tower.
oF : . Legand wing, Killedst., . 31/ 8mo., Tuskar.

4 : : ie Killed by cat, 22/ 9 mo., es

7 4 ; iy Killed st., . 27/ 9 mo., Pe

A ‘ . Rec'd. inflesh, Shot, . . 12/ 5mo., Tearaght.
Willow Wren, . Legand wing, Killedst., . 10/ 5 mo., Mine Head.

Fe ah . 60 Shot, . , 26/ 4mo., Tearaght.
Golden-crested Wren, Rec'd. in flesh, Cai iieat } 1/10 mo., Crookhaven.

lantern, .

a 33 uh Killed st., . 8/ 4mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

ss FF AS 9 16/10 mo., Tuskar.

a s aS Killed st., . 27/ 8 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island. —
Wren,. 5 . Leg and wing, re . 16/10 mo., Tuskar.
Meadow-Pipit, . es = . 14/ 3mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

i; 96 : 50 Shot, . . 28/ 9mo., Tuskar.
Skylark, . ’ a Caught,> . 21/10 mo., Fastnet.

a : - ni Killed st., . 16/10 mo., Tuskar.

a F ; “i 5 . 11/ 3mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

es . 5 He 1 . 9/10 mo., Howth.

Snow Bunting, °. Rec’d.inflesh, Shot, . . 931/10 mo., Tearaght.
Brambling, . 55 aces . 28/10 mo., Kinsale.
Twite, c . lLegand wing, Son ie . 80/10 mo., Tearaght.
Chough, . . Rec'd. in flesh, og . 2/11 mo., Slyne Head, s.
Sand-Martin, . Legand wing, rue, . 9/ 5mo., Tearaght.
Turtle Dove, . Ree’d, in flesh, ties . 19/5mo., Tuskar.

Ae 5 : " Rae tc . 4/6mo., r
np | + a so . 12/ 7mo., Drogheda E. and W.
Land Rail, two, 3 Killed st., . 5/5 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Found dead,
Sen. Sane . Leg and wing, tates 19/ 5 mo., Tearaght.
Peregrine, .
Water’ Rail, 5 e Killed st., . 5/11 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
Moor Hen, . 2 nis Found dead, 16/ 9 mo, Tuskar.
Golden Plover, . = Shot, . . 80/11 mo., Aranmore.

Woodcock, 7 35 Killed st., . 29/11 mo., i
Snipe, ; - Ree’d. in flesh, 5s . 9/9mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

IRISH COAST 5

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

Ree’d. in flesh, Struckrigging, 9/11 mo., Arklow S. Lit.-ship.
. Legand wing, Caughtst., . 30/11 mo., Aranmore.

‘ a Shot, . . 12/11 mo., a9
rple Sandpiper, Leg, wing, bill, Found dead, 18/ 5 mo., Fustnet.
7 . Leg and wing, mee ty bug 1mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
‘ ’ ry
mmon Sandpiper, ‘7 Shot, . . 5/5mo., Mine Head.
ij Found dead, 26/ 7 mo.?, -
Wing, Caught, . 6/5mo., Tuskar.

a Rec'd. in flesh, “e . 8/5mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
anx Shearwater, “ Killed st., . 27/ 5 mo., Mine Head.
rk-tailed Petre], 5 coed eat } 6/ 7 mo., Tearaght.
fe oaillemot, ae ? Ree’d. 6/12 mo., Green Island.

Suppose
Leg and wing, killed by (30/10 mo., Fastnet.
Hawk,

au . : a Shot, . - 15/10 mo., Lnnishtrahull.

mmon Scoter,. Skin received, Struck lantern 5/ 2 mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.

Rece’d. in flesh, Shot, . . 5/11 mo., Crookhaven Harbour,
Fastnet.

Bald Coot,
Birds not denreed,
Blackbird, ;
Black Guillemot, :
Black Redstart,
Brambling, .
Bullfinch,
Bunting, Snow, .
6 Yellow,
Chaffinch,
Chiffchaff,
Chough,
Cormorant, .
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded, .
Cuckoo, 5
Curlew,
‘Diver, Great Northern,”
‘* Ducks,” .
Fieldfare,
Flycatcher, Pied,

ae Red- breasted,

50 Sees
Gannet,
‘¢ Geese,” >
Golden-crested Ween é
Grasshopper Warbler, .

‘* Great Northern Diver,”

Greenfinch, .
Grouse, Sand,

Guillemot, . c

ie Black,
‘* Gulls,”
‘* Hawks,” . :
Hedge Sparrow, .
Heron, ;
Hooded Crow,
Hoopoe,
Jackdaw,
Jack Snipe, .
Knot, .
Land one
‘¢Linnets,” :
Magpie, : -

Manx Shearwater,
Martin, House,
is Sand,
Meadow-Pipit,
Moor Hen, .
Nightjar,
Owl, Snowy,
Oyster-Catcher,
Petrel, Fork-tailed,
»» Storm,
‘“Pigeons,” .

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

-
INDEX.
PAGE
41 | Plover, Golden,
57 5 Green, @
15 .2 1 Gmey, a) ib
50 », Ringed, .
19 | Puffin, :
29 | Rail, Land, .
.. dl », Water,
27 | Raven,
28 | Razorbill,
28 | Redshank,
22 | Redstart, j
35 * Black, .
52 | Redwing,
41 | Ring-Ouzel,
386 | Robin, ‘
39 | Rook, . :
46 | Sand Grouse,
52 | ‘Sand Larks,”
56 | Sandpiper, Common,
14 ee Purple,
9 | Scaup, :
8 | Scoter, Common,
8 33 er,
53 | Sedge Warbler,
55 | Shag, . ;
22 | Shearwater, Manx,
21 | ‘*Skuas,” . -
: 52 | Skylark, . :
29 | Snipe, Common, .
40 » Jack,
51 | Snow Bunting,
50 | Snowy Owl,
48 | Sparrow, Hedge, .
7 | ‘ Sparrows,”
18 | Starling,
54 | ‘ Stonechat,”
36 | Swallow,
39 | Swift, .
37 | ‘* Terns,”
44 | Thrush, Missel,
45 »» Seng,
41 | Titlark,
29 | Turtle Dove,
. 9387 | Twite, : :
49 | ‘‘ Wagtails,”
38 | Water-Hen,
38 | Water Rail,
24 | Wheatear, .
- 41 | Whimbrel,
39 | Whinchat,
8 | Whitethroat,
s 43 | Willow Wren,
50 | Woodcock,
50 | Wren,
40

1888] IRISH COAST 7

“ HAWKS.”

Fastnet—May 9th, one Sparrow Hawk on rock ; very light in
| color wind moderate S.E., gloomy: 12th, one “Kite” on
rock at 7 aM.; wind light E.S.E., clear. June Ist, one large
% Hawk on rock at 2 p.M.; fogey. September 26th, one Sparrow
t Hawk on rock all day: 30th, one “ Osprey or Sea Hawk” flying
_ N.E.; clear, gentle breeze N.E. October 17th, one “Falcon
z Hawk” about rock. December 5th, 1 P.m., a large Hawk, sup-
posed to be an Osprey, on rock; when started flew S.W.;
_ weather misty, gentle breeze W.S.W. “It was larger and
_ lighter in colour than any Sea Hawk I have ever seen ; it was
_ almost white, or a very light grey, and very shy, so I could not
get close to observe it better—Gurorce Dununavy.” [Probably
Greenland Falcon.—R. M. B.]

Mine Head.—June 18th, “Small Blue Hawk.” October 14th,
one Hawk going S8.E. November 5th, one Sparrow Hawk.

December Ist, one Hawk going S.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 27th, 9 A.M., one Sparrow Hawk
on ship.

Tuskar.—February 4th, one Sparrow Hawk on rock at 7.30
AM. ; left at 8 AM. March 20th, one Sparrow Hawk on rock
resting; left at 8 A.M.in north-westerly direction: 23rd, one Hawk
going N.W. 7AM. April 30th, one Hawk on rock. Septem-
ber 22nd, one Sparrow Hawk going W. 5 a.m. October 16th,

one Hawk at light all night: 21st, one Hawk going W.
November 16th, one Hawk going W. 8 a.m.: 18th, one Hawk on
rock; went off W. 8 a.M.: 20th, one Hawk going W. 9 A.M.

Blackwater Bank ILnght-ship—February 7th, 7 A.M, one
Hawk going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.— November 8th, “9 A.M., one
Sparrow Hawk fighting with two Gulls, Gulls chased Hawk;
he went N.W.”

Arklow North Light-ship—June 2nd, one Sparrow Hawk at
ship; went N.E.

Innishtrahull—April 26th, 9 A.M., one Peregrine hovering
about. December 20th, 2 p.m., one Merlin Hawk on island.

Dunree Head.— January 25th, one Hawk going S.E. Decem-
ber 15th, one Sparrow Hawk going E.

Aranmore.—The Kestrel always remains here, also the Falcon.

Vt eee)

}
‘

8 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Broadhaven.—June 18th, one Sparrow Hawk going E. at noon.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 15th, 10 4.M., one Sparrow Hawk on
rock: 30th, one Falcon about rock during day. October 21st,
two Falcon Hawks seen. November Ist, two Falcon Hawks on
rock all day.

Slyne Head, South—November 13th, one Kestrel.

Arran Island, North.—May 27th, 2 p.M., two Sparrow Hawks
on rock. June Ist, one Peregrine Falcon on rock at noon:
28th, 11 aM, two Peregrine Falcons hovering over the rock.
November 26th, 3 P.M. one Hawk about station: 27th, one
Hawk chasing Linnets; killed one.

Tearaght.—August 26th, pair of Peregrine Hawks about
all day. November 6th, 11 am. one “Grey Hawk (Hen
Harrier) seen.—W. H. JAMEs.”

Skelligs—January 1st to February 16th, two Peregrine
Falcons about. The Peregrine is resident and breeds on the
island. October 1st to 31st, two. December, two Peregrines
all the month.

Snowy Ow. (Wyctea scandiaca, Linn.).

From Broadhaven John A. Murray writes:—‘A Snow Owl
was shot by Mr Gallagher of Corlough in April, I think; the
bird weighed 6 lbs. He shot a Sand Grouse at the same time.
Both were sent to Mr Knox of Kingstown.” (See More’s “ List
of Irish Birds in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin,’ p. 8,
2nd edition.)

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—I|[May 18th, Spotted Flycatcher killed
striking ; received in flesh. Entry in schedule on May 16th,
“several small birds about light at night; fresh breeze 8.W.,
clear ; several killed striking.” |

Arklow South Light-ship—May 11th, one Flycatcher on deck
at 9 AM., not seen at station for thirteen years—|[? Muscicapa
grisola—R. M. B.]; light haze, calm.

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (JMuscicapa parva, Bechst.).

Fastnet—October 16th, noon, “one Red-breasted Flycatcher i
(supposed), marked same as Pied Flycatcher; very pale pink

— 1888] IRISH COAST 9

tinge on breast; smaller and plumper; gloomy, gentle breeze
W.S.W. I have seen the same sort of bird before-——GroRGE
_ DOUNLEAvY.”

PriED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn.).

Fastnet.—April 26th, 9 A.M. to noon, two Pied Flycatchers on
rock; clear, wind light S.W. “Seemed to be feeding on midges,
of which there were many on rock.—GEORGE DUNLEAVY.”
September 30th, 4 P.M. one found dead on rock, supposed to
have died from exhaustion; clear, gentle breeze N.E. [Received
in flesh.] October 21st, “one on rock 7 A.m., left for shore
when disturbed; misty, rain, moderate breeze S.E.—GEORGE
DUNLEAVY.”

: Tuskar.—September 28th, “one small bird, name not known,
on rock all day; calm, dense fog; shot and forwarded.—P.
CorisH.” ([Leg, wing, and tail of Pied Flycatcher received. ]

MIssEL Turusu (Turdus viscivorus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—April 9th, “one caught at light at midnight; as it
was uninjured, I gave it its liberty next morning;” clear, light
breeze N.E.

Aranmore.—November 30th, “six Fieldfares killed ;” over-
cast, moderate breeze E. [Leg and wing of Missel Thrush
received. |

Arran Island, South—October 31st, 1 A.M, “two Missel
Thrushes” disabled, going W.; misty, light breeze 8.

TurusH (7urdus musicus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 16th, 1 P.M., one on rock; gloomy, gentle
breeze 8.W.

Mine Head.—¥ebruary 11th, Thrushes left about this time.
March 11th, Thrushes about lantern. October 10th, 8 A.M.,
two seen ; foggy.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 1st, 9 A.M. to noon, three ;
rain, fresh breeze 8.: 18th, several at light; overcast, moderate
breeze S.E. [Leg and wing received]: 19th, one at light;
overcast, moderate breeze S.E. February 6th, one “Redwing
Thrush” on ship at 9 a.m.; killed; Starling and “Redwing

Thrushes” about light from 8 P.M. to 7.30 AM. on 7th,

10 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

several killed; wind light W., overcast=[Legs and wings of
two Thrushes received]: 8th, several at light; one killed; over-
cast, gentle breeze N.W. March 10th, flock at light; remained
till 4 a.m. on 11th; gloomy, with rain. April 14th, several at
light ; gloomy, moderate breeze W.
Barrels Rock Light-ship—oOctober 23rd, three “Mountain
Thrushes” going N.; clear, gentle breeze S.W.
Tuskar.—January 11th, four on rock 10 P.M.; overcast, light
breeze 8.E.; left during day: 16th, one, and 17th, two at light ;
clear: 19th, numbers at light all night with other birds;
two killed; overcast. February 8th, one killed; very clear,
moderate breeze N.W.: 13th, one going N.W. at 2 PM;
thick snow, moderate breeze E.: 17th, several at light from
3 AM. to 6 AM.; three killed; clear, light breeze N. March
10th, a few at lamp, with great numbers of Starlings; three
killed; rain, gentle breeze S.W. to S.E:: 31st, two seen going
N.W. at 6 am. April 10th, five at light all night; two
killed ; overcast, gentle breeze W.: 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th,
some Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings; a great rush from
midnight to 3 AM.on the 12th; showers, fresh breeze W.;
numbers killed. October 7th, one on rock all day; gale
N.W.: 9th, 8 p.m. to morning of 10th, great rush, with Black-
birds, Larks, Starlings, etc.; clear, light breeze N.E.: 16th, two
on rock all day; another rush at night; two killed—[Leg and
wing received]. November 3rd, one going W.; four at
light at night: 7th, Thrushes on rock all day; overcast, strong
breeze S.E. ;
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—March, Thrushes and Starlings at
lantern; three killed; fell on board. October 23rd, Thrushes
going N.W., some rested on ship; clear, wind light S.W.: 26th,
some killed striking; hazy, wind fresh 8.W.: 27th, Thrushes
about ship all day, “some flew to land; some were killed at
lantern ;” wind strong 8.W. November 5th, 10 p.m. to 1 A.M.
on 6th, several about lantern; three killed; wind fresh S.E.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—October 9th, four killed; over-
cast, light breeze N.W. November 10th, 1 p.m., “one lit on
board ;” overcast, rain, fresh gale 8.E. ¢
Arklow South Light-ship—January 16th, “two at light; :
one killed at 9 Pp.M.;” gloomy, moderate breeze E.: 17th,

9 p.M. to 4 AM., two killed striking; gloomy, moderate breeze

ee ee

g 1888] IRISH COAST 11

4 S.E. [Leg and wing received]: 18th, one about light at
10 p.M.; gloomy: 19th, four about light. February 18th, 2 am.
to 4 amM., large numbers at light; several killed; snow, wind
light N.W. March 8th, 8 P.M. to midnight, large numbers about
light; some killed; fell overboard; rain, strong breeze S.W.:
9th, a flock going N.W., flying low; gloomy, moderate gale
S.W.: 11th, four killed—[Leg and wing received]: 17th,
Thrushes at light; light breeze N.E.: 18th, midnight to 4 a.M.,
Thrushes about light; several killed; fell on board; clear, light
breeze N.E. April 12th, 1.20 a.m., Thrushes and Starlings about
light; large numbers killed; rain, moderate breeze N.W.
November 2nd, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks at light, 5 P.M.
to 4 Am.; several killed; showery, strong breeze N.E.: 7th,
9 A.M., one on deck. December 3rd, 8 p.m. to 10 PM, a few
about light; none killed; hazy, rain, fresh breeze 8.W.: Oth,
9 pM. to 11 p.M., two at light; fog.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 16th, some at light (see
under Starling): 19th, some going N.W. (see under Starling).
September 19th, one killed on deck; wind light S. November
3rd, 8 p.M. to midnight, Thrushes at lamp, many going over-
board: 5th, midnight, Thrushes at light; sleet, strong breeze
S.E.: 7th, do, many striking and going overboard; showers,
moderate gale S.E.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 9th, 9 P.M., two at lantern ;
hazy. November 4th, one at 1 p.M.; clear, strong breeze S.E.:
12th, three at 3 P.M. going N.W.; gale S.S.E.

South Rock Light-ship—March 9th, two at light at mid-
night; killed; hazy, rain, fresh breeze S.W.: 10th, thirteen
killed at night: 13th, one found on deck at daylight; killed
against rigging; clear, wind fresh E. April 5th, 8 P.M, six
Thrushes going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 17th, “ Blackbirds and
Thrushes are residents here. In misty or foggy weather, when
other birds are flying about the lantern, our Blackbirds and
Thrushes are up too, and some of them get killed against the
glass.” November 5th, Thrushes at lantern all night; some
killed ; wind N.E.: 9th, Blackbirds and Thrushes about light
all night ; two Thrushes killed—[Legs and wings of Thrush
and Redwing received]: 27th, 28th, and 29th, Thrushes,
Starlings, and Lapwings striking; a few of each killed.

12 MIGRATION OF BIRDS - [1888

Rathlin Island.—May 11th, 4 p.m, a large flock of Thrushes
going N.E.; clear, moderate breeze N.E. “They build on the
island.”

LInnishtrahull.—January 15th, “one Common Thrush” strik-
ing, not injured, 1 aM.; hazy, gentle breeze E.; “birds are
very scarce in this locality this winter; not a Thrush to be
seen from the middle of November (1887) until this date
(January 16, 1888); Blackbirds and Thrushes seem to be
coming back again, as I saw about two dozen this evening”:
16th, seven on island all day; hazy, moderate breeze E. March
24th, 10 p.m to 1 aM., three striking; clear, fresh breeze E.N.E.
November 2nd, one striking lantern at midnight, not disabled ;
rain, strong breeze N.E.: 5th and 6th, numbers striking; nine
killed ; hazy, fresh gale E.S.E.

Aranmore.— March 19th, “Mountain Thrushes” still on island.
November 10th, a few going N.E. at 9 AM.; overcast and misty,
moderate gale S.E.: 50th, 3 a.m., Thrushes at light; eight killed
—|Leg and wing received]; overcast, moderate breeze E.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 3rd, 6 A.M., two Thrushes remained
a few days; rain, moderate gale S. February 10th, 11th, 12th,
13th, and 14th, immense numbers migrating S.W., in all cases
in company with Blackbirds, Fieldfares, Starlings, and Linnets ;
sometimes rested only for a few minutes on island; snow.
September 20th, 2 p.m. three Thrushes seen; wind light §.;
first seen on island.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, two on rock all day; gloomy,
wind N.E. : 23rd to 28th, several on rock. November Ist, several
on rock all day; clear and cloudy, wind N.W.: 2nd, several on
rock all day; one killed, several caught; blue sky and cloudy,
wind N.: 3rd to 9th, several on rock; some caught.

Slyne Head, South—January 13th, two at 2 P.M.; gentle
breeze 8.E.: 19th, one. February 13th, numbers on island all
day; snow, wind fresh 8. to N.. March 2nd to 12th, two on
island. April 6th and 7th, one on island; clear. November
6th, twelve killed striking; gloomy, strong breeze E.: 7th,
Thrushes about all day; gloomy, fresh gale E.: 8th, Thrushes
at night; none killed; gloomy, fresh gale E.: 27th, two
going E.

Arran Island, N—April 9th, three going S. at 2 A.m.; clear,
gentle breeze N. November 26th, 8 A.m., twenty Thrushes

j
4
mi
a

a a a a ae. ae

1888] IRISH COAST 13

about station, some almost too weak to fly; clear, moderate

breeze W.N.W.: 27th, several seen at 8 A.M.; clear, gentle
breeze E.: 29th, 9 AM, several seen; hazy, fresh breeze E.
December lst, two at station at 8 Am.: 9th, 3 p.M., two at
station; clear, gentle breeze E.: 13th, 3 Am. to 7 amM., four
at light; struck several times, but were not killed; clear,
moderate gale 8.

Arran Island, 8.—October 31st, Thrushes going W. all night;
three killed; misty, gentle breeze 8. November 1st, four about
all night; two killed; clear, moderate breeze S.E.: 2nd,
three going 8. at night; struck; hazy, light breeze W.:
drd, flocks at light all night; moderate breeze S.W., misty:
Ath, five going 8.W. at 3 a.m.; three killed; clear, gentle breeze
N.E.: 5th, midnight, three struck going 8.W.; clear, gentle
breeze N.E.

Tearaght.—March 20th, Thrushes left. November 2nd, two
seen at 10 a.m.; clear, fresh breeze N.: 4th, Thrushes about all
day; clear, moderate breeze E.: 6th, one at lamp, not killed;
cloudy ; two killed later on—[Legs and wings of Thrush and
Redwing received]: 26th, several all day; clear, squally,
showers, strong breeze 8.S.W.

Skelligs—May 9th, two Thrushes on island all day; mist
and fog, moderate breeze W. November 5th, 10 am, “two
Mountain Thrushes” on rock; moderate breeze E.

REDWING (Z'wrdus wiacus, Linn.).

Hastnet—November 27th, 3 A.m., one caught at lantern; over-
cast: 28th, several about light all night; clear, gentle breeze E.

Mine Head.—¥ebruary 3rd, two Thrushes, “sides red”: 16th,
one shot. [Leg and wing and head of Redwing received. ]

Barrels Rock Laght-ship—November 11th, small flock going

N. at 10 p.M.; two rested on ship.

Tuskar.—January 18th, 5 am., one killed at light; clear,
fresh breeze S.E. November 6th, one found dead; overcast,
moderate gale E.: 12th, one at light at 1 a.m; overcast, fresh
gale §.S.E.; three birds striking through the night; if killed
fell in sea,

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 9th, “two Thrushes ”
killed striking. [Leg and wing of Thrush and Redwing
received, |

4a

14 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Slyne Head, South—F¥ebruary 13th, numbers of Redwing on
island all day ; snow, fresh breeze, variable.

Tearaght.—November 6th, 4 am., “two Thrushes” killed
striking. [Leg and wing of Thrush and Redwing received. ]

Skelligs—April 24th, two Redwing on island all day ; showers,
strong breeze N.N.E.

FIELDFARE (Z'urdus pilaris, Linn.).

Tuskar.—January 15th, two found dead on rock; clear, fresh
breeze N.E.: 19th, numbers at light, with Thrushes, Black-
birds, Larks, and Starlings; two killed and one disabled; over-
cast, fresh breeze S.E. March 28th, one going N. November
Ath, one found killed; clear, strong breeze S.E.

Arklow South Inght-ship.—November 2nd, one Fieldfare
found dead; showery, strong breeze N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 2nd, several killed
against glass; strong wind with rain; several small birds
striking—| Leg and wing of Fieldfare received]: 3rd, birds at
light all night; Fieldfare killed; wind N.E., strong.

Innishtrahull—November 3rd, one striking at midnight, not
disabled ; rain, strong breeze N.E.: 3rd, eighty to one hundred
on island at 9 A.M.; “this rush of birds arrived on night of
2nd;” hazy, moderate gale E.

Rathlin O' Birne.—February 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th,
“immense numbers of Thrushes, Fieldfares, Starlings, Linnets,
and Blackbirds during these dates, their flight being invariably
to the 8.W.; heavy snow on shore; sometimes rested only for
a few minutes on island.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, one on rock; wind N.E.
November Ist, two on rock all day; wind N.W.: 2nd, several
on rock; three killed.

Arran Island, S——October 31st, six Fieldfares going W.; two
killed striking; rain, gentle breeze 8. November 2nd, six going
S. at night; struck lantern; hazy, gentle breeze W.: 3rd, flocks
at lantern all night; moderate breeze S.W., misty: 4th, six
going 8.W.; four killed, 3 a.M.; wind N.E.

Tearaght—November 6th, one killed, 4 A.M.; overcast,
showery, fresh breeze E. [Leg and wing received]: 7th, 9 A.M,
flock observed; misty, fresh breeze E.

1888] IRISH COAST 15

BLACKBIRD (Zurdus merula, Linn.).

Fastnet.—September 28th, one female on rock at 1 PM.;
wind light N.W. October 21st, one male on rock at 7 A.M.;
left for shore when disturbed; misty, rain, moderate breeze

_ S.E. November 2nd, two males and two females at light at

_ 10P?.m.; clear, moderate breeze N.N.E.; captured by assistant.

Mine Head.—February 11th, one male caught at glass: 12th,

“all left about this time, except a few.” December 14th,
10 A.M., five observed.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 13th, one at light at 10 p.M.;
overcast, light breeze E.: 18th, several at light; overcast,
moderate breeze S.E. March 10th, flock at light from
_ 10 p.m. to midnight; gloomy and rain, light airs, variable:
I 1th, flock at light, midnight to 4 a.M.; gloomy and rain, fresh
breeze §.E.: 18th, several at light, 6 a.M.; one killed—[Leg
received]; one seen at 3 pM. April 14th, several at light,
10 p.m. to midnight; moderate breeze W.

Barrels Rock Bight: -ship.—November 28th, eight going N.W.

in morning ; weather variable. December Ist, three going N.

at 10 A.m.; clear, moderate breeze W.
et anaary 11th, 10 p.m, three on rock, left during

day; overcast, wind light S.E.: 19th, numbers at light all

night; one hen killed; overcast, fresh breeze S.E. February
17th, several at light from 3 A.M. to 6 A.M.; one caught; overcast,
gentle breeze N. March 10th, a few at lamp all night; two
killed; rain, wind variable. April 12th, a great rush of

Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings midnight to 3 AM;

showery, fresh breeze W.; numbers killed: 14th, Blackbirds

_at light; some killed; overcast and showery, moderate

breeze S.E. August 3rd, one on balcony at 4 a.m. October

9th, from 8 P.M. great rush; eight killed: 16th, three on
rock all day, a rush at night; wind light S., overcast;
two killed—[Legs and wings received]. November 2nd,
midnight to 4 A.M., four at light; one killed; clear, showery,
moderate gale N.E.: 3rd, three at lamp from 8 P.M.; overcast.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 14th, two killed:

24th, one going 8.E. 7 A.m.; clear, fresh breeze N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—January 13th, one about light at

2 A.M.; weather variable. November 2nd, 5 p.m. to 4 AM,

3

16 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Blackbirds at light; two cocks killed; showery, strong breeze
N.E.: 9th, Blackbirds at light at 9 PM.; one killed against
rigging; hazy, wind 8. by E.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 11th, two Blackbirds killed
striking (see under Starling). November Ist, one killed; sleet,
strong breeze N.E.

South Rock Light-ship.—March 10th, fourteen killed striking ;
hazy and fog, wind moderate S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—Letter dated September 20th : “ It is
strange how plentiful Blackbirds and Hedge Sparrows are on
Mew Island; a great part of the island is covered over with
ferns.” October 17th, Blackbirds and Thrushes are residents.
November 5th, Blackbirds at light all night; one killed;
wind strong N.E.

Maidens South.—March 9th, one at lantern at 4 AM., not
killed; gloomy, moderate breeze S.W.

Rathlin Island—May 6th, 7 A.m., “one flock going W.; they
build on island every year;” fresh breeze N.W.

Innishtrahull—January 8th, one male seen 2 P.M.; misty,
moderate gale W.: 15th, one striking, not injured, 3 A.M.; hazy,
wind light E.: 16th, four on island; males and females, more
seen in evening; hazy, moderate breeze E. March 16th,
numbers striking at 11 p.m.; fifteen disabled; light breeze S.:
24th, five striking 10 p.m. to 1 aMm.; clear, fresh breeze N.E.
October 18th, one male on island, 1 P.m.; hazy, fresh breeze S.E.
November 5th and 6th, numbers striking; four killed; hazy,
fresh gale S.E. .

Dunree Head.—November 29th, 10 am, two going E.;
showery, strong breeze E.

Aranmore.—November 10th, four going N.E. 9 AM.; over-
cast, moderate gale S.E.: 29th, ten at light; five killed; overcast,
moderate breeze E. [Leg and wing received. |

Rathlin O’Birne-—February 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th,
“numbers going 8.W.; heavy snow on shore ; sometimes rested
only for a few minutes on island” (see Fieldfare): 23rd, one
seen at 10 AM. October 20th, two at 2 P.M.; misty, gentle
breéze N.E.; “ first observed.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 12th, one on rock 9 A.M.; clear,
wind light W. October 23rd to 28th, Blackbirds on rock.
November 1st, several on rock all day; clear, wind N.W.: 2nd,

arte” A 2 Pee

1888] IRISH COAST 17

do., two killed; wind variable: 3rd to 9th, several on rock;
some caught.

_ Slyne. Head, S—January 9th, 2.30 pPm., two observed;
gloomy, showers: 13th, two seen: 16th, do.; gloomy, light
breeze E. February 13th, do.; snow, fresh breeze, variable.
March 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, and 12th, do. November
6th, one female killed striking; gloomy, strong breeze E.: 7th,
do.; moderate gale E.: 8th, Blackbirds came at night; none
killed; fresh gale E.: 28th, one on island all day; gloomy, light
breeze E. December 16th, one on island. :

Arran Island, S—October 31st, four disabled 1 A.M. going
W.; misty, light breeze S. November 1st, five going W. 2 aM.;
three killed; rain, light breeze S.E.: 2nd, four going W. at
11 p.M.; one disabled; hazy, light breeze S.E.: 3rd, flocks at
_ light; moderate breeze S.W., misty: 5th, two going 8.W. at
11 p.m. struck; clear, light breeze N.E.

Tearaght—March 20th, Blackbirds left. October 19th,
one female observed: 26th, one observed; gale W.: 30th,
one. November 2nd, noon, six; clear, fresh breeze N.: 4th,
Blackbirds about all day; clear, moderate breeze E.: 6th,
one female killed 4 A.m.; overcast, fresh breeze E.: 7th, flock
seen at 9 AM.; misty, fresh breeze E. December 4th, one
cock observed: 5th, Blackbirds about all day; fog, moderate
breeze 8.

Skelligs—January 3rd, 10 A.., five Blackbirds landed ; over-
cast, showers. April 24th, three on island all day; showers,
strong breeze N.N.E. October 4th to 17th, several about.

=

he

ae oe, ee

RinG-OvzEL (Turdus torquatus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—April 15th, a bird killed striking, forwarded.
[Ring-Ouzel received in flesh. ] .

Tuskar—April 14th, one killed striking; overcast and
showery, moderate breeze 8S. September 29th, two killed
at lantern; wind N.E. [Legs and wings received]. October
9th, one Ring-Ouzel at light 2 a.M.; clear, light breeze N.E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 18th, one on rock during day;
showery, light air N.W.

Skelligs—March 6th, “flock of Ring-Ouzels all day; misty,
detached clouds, light breeze N.E.”

3

B

18 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

HEDGE SPARROW (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—February 11th, one seen.

Copelund (Mew) Island.—September 20th :—“It is strange —
how plentiful Blackbirds and Hedge Sparrows are on Mew
Island. A great part of the island is covered with ferns.”

Rosin (Hrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Fastnet.—September 28th, one on rock at 1 P.M; clear,
light breeze N.W.

Tuskar.—October 16th, one at lantern all night; showery,
light breeze S.

Copeland (Mew) Island—“ The Robin and Wren are neigh-
bours of ours here.”

Tory Island—January 30th, one Robin 10 A.M.; moderate
breeze N.W.

Broadhaven.—April 7th, one Redbreast 3 P.M.; very clear,
strong breeze N.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 12th, 9 A.M., one on rock; clear,
light breeze W. ‘“ Very seldom seen on rock.”

Arran Island, Ni—November 20th, one; remained at light-
house; first seen this season; clear, fresh breeze N.W.: 26th,
one observed 9 A.M.; clear, moderate breeze N.W. December Ist,
one at 1 am.; clear, strong breeze S.W.: 8th, one at noon;
clear, light breeze N.W.: 15th, one observed 10 AmM.; clear,
moderate breeze N.E.

REDSTART (Ruticilla phenicurus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 16th, one “ Redstart” on rock in company
with Titlark 1 P.m.; gloomy, light breeze 8.W.: 17th, one
“Common Redstart” about rock; gloomy, moderate breeze S.:
21st, one Redstart on rock 7 A:M.; left for shore when disturbed ;
misty, rain, moderate breeze S.E.: 22nd, one at 10 A.M.; clear,
moderate breeze S.E.: 24th, two at 9 AM.; clear, light breeze
S.—GEORGE DUNLEAVY.

Tuskar.—April 30th, four Redstarts on rock with Wheatears,
Pipits, Whitethroats, and Swallows; as morning was misty,
could not see which way they went; rain, overcast, wind light S.
May 8th, one Redstart on rock all day; clear, calm. June 7th,

1888] IRISH COAST 19

two“ Redstarts” on rock all day. November 12th, two all day ;

overcast, rain, fresh gale S8.E.—PATRICK CoRISH.

Buack Repstart (Ruticilla titys, Scopoli).

Fastnet—October 1st, one male Black Redstart on rock;
clear, light breeze N.E.: 28th, two on rock 8 amM.; hazy
and rain, gale S.W.; they sought shelter in house and died.
[Received in flesh. ]

Tearaght—April 27th, one Black Redstart seen on rock.

“ STONECHAT.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 23rd, 11 AM., one Stonechat
on ship; clear, moderate breeze N.

Tuskar.—April 25th, one Stonechat all day; clear, moderate
gale E. September 22nd, one on rock all day.

Slyne Head, S.—March 31st, one Stonechat all day; light
breeze N.E., cloudy; first seen this year. April 1st, one: 7th,
several on island; clear, hght breeze N.W.; several here all
month since the 4th (April). [? Wheatear.—R. M. B.]

Arran Island, N.i—May 21st, four “Stone Checkers ” remain-
ing on rock; gloomy.

Tearaght—November 21st, two Stonechats 12.30 p.m.; clear,
showery, fresh breeze N.W.

WHINCHAT (Saaicola rubetra, Linn.).

Tuskar—May 9th, “ Warblers” at light from 9 P.M.; some
killed—[Sedge Warbler and Grasshopper Warbler, Wheatear,
and Whinchat received in flesh]; clear, light breeze N.E.

Innishtrahull—April 16th, midnight, one Whinchat striking
lantern glass; cloudy, fresh breeze S.E.

Slyne Head, S—April 1st, one on island; cloudy, light
breeze N.E.: 7th, one all day.

Tearaght— May 12th, Whinchat shot. [Received in flesh.]

WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).
Fastnet—April 21st, three at light 10 pM.; one killed;

misty and rain; strong breeze S.E. [Leg and wing received].

August 10th, two young Wheatears on rock at 11 A.M.; fog;
9 P.M. to 11 p.M., large numbers at light; none killed; drizzling

20 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

rain, light breeze S.W.: 18th, 3 a.M., a rth of Wheatears going
S.; clear, light breeze S.E. September 25th, one on rock; wind
S.E.: 27th, one at light 9 P.M.; misty, strong breeze 8.E.: 28th,
several at light 8 P.M. to 11 P.M.; misty and rain.

Mine Head.—April Ist, first Wheatear seen: 4th, a few.
“Not plentiful this year.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 29th, one about ship at
7.30 A.M.; showers, moderate breeze N.E.

Tuskar.— March 29th, two at light at 3.30 A.M.; rain, mode-
rate breeze HK. April 3rd, a few at light: 4th, one at light at
3 A.M.; rain, moderate breeze N.W.: 30th, Wheatears in
numbers on rock; “as morning was misty, I could not see which
way they went;” overcast and rain, light breeze S. May 6th,
one on rock 9 aM.; fog: 7th, two; fog: 8th, several all day;
clear, calm: 9th, numbers killed at light from 9 p.m. [Received
in flesh]; rain, light breeze N.E.: 10th, “Warblers and
Wheatears ” in numbers; fog, light breeze N.E. August 11th,
Wheatears at light. September 3rd, 4th, 9th, and 11th, one
noted each day.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 9th, several small birds
killed striking midnight to 3 A.M. [Three Sedge Warblers and
one Wheatear received]; hazy, rain, light breeze S.W.

Innishtrahull—September 4th, three striking 9 P.M.; not
injured; light breeze 8. W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 1st, one on rock at 9 a.M.; clear,
light breeze N.E.

Slyne Head, S—April 3rd, one all day; wind light N.E.;
cloudy: 4th, two on island all day, “male and female”:
7th, several; clear, light breeze N.W. April, several here all
month since 4th.

Tearaght.—April 26th, Wheatears seen. October 21st, one;
light breeze S.E.

Skelligs—March 18th, several all day; clear, light breeze
S.E.; “breeds on the island.” November Sth, 10 A.M.; eight;
showery, moderate breeze E.

SepGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus schenobenus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—May 10th, one killed striking—[Received in
flesh]: same date, “Reed Warbler caught striking”: 18th, one

1888] IRISH COAST 21
killed striking—[Received in flesh]: 20th, two killed at light.

_ [Legs and wings received. |
Hook Tower—About August 15th, some killed; two sent to

Mr Rk. J. Ussher.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 9th, 10th, and 11th, several
small birds killed ; fog, light breeze E. [Legs and wings of two
Sedge Warblers received]: 12th and 16th, do.; clear: 18th,

_ one killed striking—[Received in flesh]. October 4th, one on

ship all day; clear, fresh breeze W.

Tuskar—May 9th, “ Warblers at light; numbers killed ’”—
[Sedge Warbler received in flesh]; rain, light breeze N.E.
August 10th, several Warblers ‘all night; four killed—[Legs
and wings of four Sedge Warblers received]. September 7th,
“one Warbler found dead on balcony.” [Leg and wing Sedge
Warbler, dated 6th, received.] :

Arklow South Light-ship—August 9th, several small birds
killed—|[Four Sedge Warblers and one Wheatear received in
flesh]; hazy, rain, light breeze S.W.

—~ oe

ep

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (Acrocephalus nevius, Bodd.).

Tuskar.—May 9tb, “ Warblers and Wheatears at light from
9 pM.; wind light N.E., rain, and clear; numbers killed.”
[Sedge Warbler, Grasshopper Warbler, Wheatear, and Whinchat
received in flesh. ]

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia rufa, Bodd.).

Mine Head.—May 10th, small birds striking—{ Legs and wings
of three Whitethroats received]: 18th, two killed striking.
[Legs and wings received. |

Hook Tower.—September 11th, one killed striking. [Received
in flesh. |

Tuskar—April 14th, Whitethroats at light midnight to
3 AM.; some killed; overcast and showery, moderate breeze
S.E.: 30th, Whitethroats on rock; “as morning was misty,

I could not see which way they went.” May 5th, one on
rock all day: 15th, Whitethroats at light from 11 PM; a
few killed; overcast, moderate breeze S.E. August 31st, one
found dead at 6 am. [Leg and wing received]. September

22 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

9th, one on rock all day; overcast: "10th, one at noon:
12th, one at light: 22nd, one killed by cat—[Leg and wing
received]: 16th, one; overcast, moderate breeze E.: 27th, one
killed striking; strong breeze 8.E., overcast. [Leg and wing
received. |

Tearaght.—May 12th, one shot—[ Received 1 in flesh]: 14th,
several.

WILLow WREN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Mine Head—May 10th, small birds striking and in rays;
three Whitethroats and Sedge Warbler killed ; “Reed Warbler”
caught striking. [Sedge Warbler in flesh, and legs and wings
of Whitethroats and Willow Wren received. |

Arklow North ee ge ame gy 11th, one “Sally-
picker” caught at 2 a.M.; clear, light breeze N.W.

Tearaght.— April 26th, one “ Chiffchaff” shot. [Leg and
wing of Willow Wren received. |

CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus collybita, Vieill).

Tuskar.—April 14th, Larks, Whitethroats, and “ Chiffchaffs ”
about light from midnight to 3 4.M.; some of each kind killed;
overcast, showery, wind moderate S.E.

Innishtrahull—May 5th, two “Chiffchaffs” striking at
10 P.M.; not injured; misty, light breeze S.W.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Crookhaven.—October 2nd, “I forward a little bird caught at
light ; it is the second of same description which I have seen in
this ica during the last five years.” [Gold-Crest received
in flesh. |

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 7 th and 8th, several small birds
at light; one killed; gloomy, light breeze N.E. [Gold-Crest
received in flesh. |

Tuskar.—September 11th, one at light 11 pm.; clear.
October 9th, two “Firecrests” killed at light—[a Gold-Crest
received in flesh on 16th]: 10th, one at light from 8 PM;
clear, light breeze N.

1888] IRISH COAST 23

Copeland (Mew) Island.—August 27th. [Golden-crested Wren

_ killed striking; received in flesh. |

Innishtrahull—September 16th, one striking at 1 A.m.; clear,
wind light S.: 17th, four striking 1 A.M. to 3 A.m.; clear, light
breeze S.W.

WRrEN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Tuskar.—October 10th, 1 P.M.,one on rock; clear, light breeze

_ §.W.: 16th, one on rock all day—[Leg and wing received ;
_ killed striking night of 16th]; overcast, light breeze S.: 22nd,

one all day; misty.
Copeland (Mew) Island.—November, “the Wren is plentiful

here.”

Innishtrahull—December 22nd, one on island at 3 PM.;
clear, wind light S.E.: 25th, one at 11 a.m.; clear, gale S.

Rathlin O Birne—March 2nd, one Wren on island during
winter. September 15th, 10 a.m., two on island; not observed
after 22nd January 1889.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, one seen; gloomy, wind
N.E.: 22nd, one all day; cloudy, S.E.: also on 23rd, 28th,
and November Ist.

Slyne Head, S—* During January four Wrens, and in
March two Wrens, on island.” April 3rd and 6th, two seen.
December 16th, one on rock all day.

Arran Island, N—November 30th, December 4th and 12th,
one about station.

Skelligs—Resident ; breeds on the island.

CON ACTATLS.

Mine Head—January 31st, one “ Water Wagtail” seen.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 25th, one Wagtail about
ship 9.30 a.M.; light haze, moderate breeze E.: 30th, one going
N. at 10 a.m.; clear, fresh breeze N.E.

Tuskar—March 17th, one Wagtail at light; clear. April
14th, “one Yellow Wagtail” at light from midnight to 3 A.M.;
Overcast, moderate breeze S.E. October 4th, one at 9 A.M. ;
clear, strong breeze N.W.: 21st, one on rock.

Innishtrahull—May 5th, one “Pied Wagtail” striking, not
injured, 10 p.M.; misty, light breeze S.W.

24 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Slyne Head, S—February 13th, “ome Grey Wagtail” on ©
rock all day; snow. March 12th, one Wagtail all day.

Tearaght.—October 1st, two Wagtails observed; remained on
island for several days.

Meapow-Pirit (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Fastnet—March 24th, one on rock all day. October 12th to
December 8th, one or two seen at intervals.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 14th, several small birds about
light at night; wind moderate W.; gloomy, rain; several killed
—[Leg and wing Titlark received]: 16th, 25th, 27th, 28th, and
29th, one noted each day. April 3rd, 10 4.M., two going N.E.; one
killed; clear: 6th, one going N.E. October 7th, one about ship.

Tuskar.—March 27th and 29th, April 1st and 19th, one seen
each day on rock: 30th, “Pipits” on rock. September 28th,
“one small bird, name not known,” on rock all day; shot and
forwarded—[Leg and wing Titlark received]; calm, thick fog,
October 7th, one all day; clear, moderate gale N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 7th, Titlarks at lantern at
midnight; misty. :

Kish Bank Light-ship—December 20th, two about deck at
noon.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November, “Pipits are plentiful
here.”

Rathlin O Birne.—February 26th, 3 p.m,, five Titlarks going E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, several Titlarks.

Slyne Head, S—March, “some Titlarks here all month.” —

Arran Island, N.—April 15th, five seen. June 5th, three
nests of young Titlarks reared on rock. [? Rock Pipits—
R. M. B.] :

Arran Island, S—November 4th, Titlarks going S.W. at
3 A.M.; three disabled; clear, light breeze N.E.

Skelligs—May 9th, “resident ; breeds on island.”

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 21st, one at rock at 7 A.M.; one captured
at 3 p.M. completely exhausted; died—[Leg and wing received];
misty, rain, moderate breeze S.E.

Mine Head.—December 20th, 4 p.M., a few Skylarks.

— 1888] IRISH COAST 25

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 20th, four Larks going N.E.;
clear, fresh breeze N.E.: 22nd and 23rd, several passing N.E.
_ during day. April 21st, three going N. September 22nd, two

going N.; haze, light breeze E.: 28th, several about ship;

weather variable. October 6th, three going N.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—October 17th, small flock going
N.W. November Ist, flocks going N.W. at 3 p.M.; one rested
on ship.

Tuskar—January 9th, one on rock 2 p.M.: 19th, Larks at
light all night; one killed; overcast, fresh breeze S.E.
February 5th, one on balcony at daylight: 6th, two found
killed on rock; cloudy, light breeze W.: 8th, one killed in
morning; very clear, moderate breeze N.W. March 9th, one
at light at 5 aM.; mist and showers, moderate gale S.W.:
29th, one on rock. April 14th, Larks about light, midnight to
3 AM.; some killed; passing showers, moderate breeze S.E.
September 29th, one at light during night. October 5th, one
seen: 9th, great rush of Larks from 8 P.m.; five killed; clear,
light breeze N.E.: 10th, Larks at light from 8 P.M.; none
killed: 16th, Larks at light all night; one killed. [Leg and
wing received. |

LInevfer Shoals Light-ship.— October 21st, several flocks going
N.W. from 10 Am. to 4 P.M, flying low; clear, wind moderate
S.E.: 23rd, Larks going N.W. all day; wind light S.W.: 26th,
Larks striking from 9 P.M. to midnight; some killed; hazy,
wind fresh 8.W.: 27th, Larks and Thrushes about all day ;
some flew to land; some killed at light; hazy, wind strong
S.W. November 9th, one about ship.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 9th, one found dead
on deck: 28th, two going N.W. October 9th, four killed;
overcast, light breeze N.W.: 19th, one going N.W.: 20th,
24th, 28th, and November Ist, one or two noted going N.W.
each day: 4th, one killed striking; hazy: 9th, one going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 11th, large numbers at
light from 2 aM. to 6 AM.; many striking, fell overboard;

' twelve caught; rain, moderate breeze S.E. [Leg and wing
received]: 17th, Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings at light,
midnight to 4 A.M.; several striking fell overboard; clear, light
breeze N.E. September 29th, two at 7 AM. October 18th,
flock flying low to N.W. November 2nd, 5 pm. to 4 aM,

a

26 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks at light; showery, strong
breeze N.E.: 6th, several flocks going N.W., flying high, from
' 8 aM. to noon; gloomy, light breeze E.: 7th, flock going N.W.,
flying low: 12th, two about ship: 17th, one: 28th, several at
light, 8 p.m. to midnight; none killed.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 1st, 3rd, and 5th, Larks
and Starlings about lantern at midnight; wind 8. February
16th, some at midnight. March 7th, numbers of Larks and
Starlings about lantern during first watch; none killed; gale
S.W., misty, rain: 11th, one killed striking. October 6th, two
going N.W. at noon; one caught. November Ist, Larks going
N.W. all day: 2nd, flocks going N.N.W. all day; four killed
on deck; sleet, moderate breeze N.E.: 3rd, 8 P.M. to mid-
night, Larks at lantern, many going overboard; rain, moderate
gale E.: 5th, Larks at lantern at midnight; sleet, strong breeze
S.E.: 7th, do, many going overboard; showers, moderate gale
S.E.: 8th, Larks going N.W. at noon; showers, moderate
gale S.E.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 9th, seven at lantern at
9 p.M.; hazy. November 4th, two at lantern at 8 P.M.; rain,
moderate gale $.E.: 12th, eight going N.W. December 14th,
two about deck 9 a.M.; went N.W.: 29th, two small flocks
going N.W.: 30th, 4 p.m., flock going N.W.

Howth Baily—October 9th, several striking, 11 P.m.; fog.
[Leg and wing received.] _

South Rock Light-ship—January 14th, 11 P.M, two at light;
one killed; clear, moderate breeze E. March 10th, eight killed
striking; hazy and fog, wind moderate S.H.: 11th, two dozen
flying to land; clear, wind moderate N.E.: 20th, one found
dead on deck at daylight, killed against the rigging; clear, wind
fresh N.E.: 21st, one at light all night, killed against rigging;
hazy.

Copeland (Mew) Island—October 9th and 17th, one killed
striking. November 2nd, plentiful all night at lantern from
6 pM. till midnight: 27th, 28th, and 29th, Skylarks striking;
one killed on 28th.

Maidens South—January 14th, Skylarks at lantern at night ;
not killed; gloomy: 17th and 18th, two killed striking each
night. February 5th, three killed. March Ist, one at lantern
8.30 P.M.: 2nd, two at lantern 1 aM: 8th, one going S.W.

i
Pe
:
,
.

ek lake eT

ae =

ee en

888] IRISH COAST 27

8 Am.: 10th, nine killed striking at night; clear, light breeze
‘$.: 20th, 9 a.M., one going N.

Rathlin—June 10th, a dozen Larks going E. 1 a.M.; did not
strike ; fog, wind light S.E.
‘ Innishtrahull—March 24th, 10 p.m. to 1 A.M., nine striking,
four killed; clear, fresh breeze N.E. April 14th, two striking
11 p..; mist, fresh breeze S.E. F
_ Broadhaven.—April 1st, Skylarks numerous; “ very plentiful
this season.” .

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 11th, three disabled 3.30 A-m.
Slyne Head, S—February 13th, numbers of Skylarks on
island all day; snow. March 12th, 19th, and 24th, one noted
: each day.
Arran Island, Ni—May 24th, four going 8. 10 A.M.
; Arran Island, S—May 6th, 11 P.M., three going N.W.; one
_ killed striking; misty, moderate breeze S.W.: 10th, two killed
- striking.

Tearaght—November 6th, one killed 1 AM.; overcast, —
showery, fresh breeze E.

Snow Buntine (Plectrophanes nivalis, Linn.).

Fastnet—October 18th, one on rock at 3 P.M.

Mine Head.—October 6th, one seen.

Innishtrahull— October 18th, twelve on island at noon.

Aranmore.—October, “Snow Bunting to be seen daily passing
back and forward.”

Rathlin O Birne—December 15th, thirty on island at 9 A.M.;
“flocks came until end of January.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 15th, one on rock; gale N.E.; “it
is remarkable that so few Snow Bunting have visited rock this
year”: 31st, two. October 21st, one “Snowbird. (male) ”;
gloomy, wind N.E.: 23rd to 28th, one “Snowbird” on rock.
November 10th, one “ female Snowbird.”

Slyne Head, S—March 30th, one Snow Bunting on island.

Arran Island, N—November 22nd, three seen; fresh gale
S.W. December 3rd, several about rock all day; misty, fresh
breeze S.W.

Tearaght—March 29th, one seen on rock. October 31st,
one shot; fresh breeze N.W. [Received in flesh]. November 4th
and 10th, one seen.

—

28 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Yettow Buntine (Zmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Fastnet—March 16th, one seen on rock; clear and frosty,
strong breeze N.E.

Mine Head—January, “ Yellow Bunting and all the other
common species plentiful this month.” February 11th, one.

Slyne Head, S—March 19th, one on island all day. April
4th and 15th, two (male and female) on island all day.

Arran Island, N.—June 15th, “one Ortolan seen; remained
on rock for some days.” [Possibly Yellow Bunting—R. M. B.]

Tearaght.—October 28th, one Bunting observed; strong gale
S.W. [Probably Yellow Bunting.—R. M. B.]

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla ccelebs, Linn.).

Fastnet—September 28th, several at light, with a few Wheat-
ears, 8 P.M. to 11 P.M.; misty, wind light N.W.: 29th, Chaf-
finches left for mainland at noon. October 16th, one on rock
at 9 A.M.: 22nd, one caught 9 A.M.: 24th, three.

Mine Head.—February 11th, one Chaffinch seen.

Coningbeg Lrght-ship.—September 27th, two about ship at
noon; clear, moderate breeze S:E. October 5th, one about
ship all day: 19th, several about day and night; hazy, moderate
breeze S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 3rd, large flock at
11 A.M. going N.W.; rain, fresh breeze E.

Tuskar.—January 20th, noon, “ bird like a Chaffinch” about
rock. February 3rd, one at 10 Am. March 23rd and 27th,
one. April 6th, one going W.: ‘7th, two seen: 8th, one
(killed by cat): 17th, 18th, and 19th, one all day: 27th, one at
light 11 pM.; clear, light breeze W. October 9th, rush of
Chaffinches from 8 P.M.; clear, light breeze N.E.: 15th, one on
rock: 16th, one killed striking: 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd,
one seen: 30th, one (killed by cat). November 4th, one: Sth,
6th, and 7th, Chaffinches on rock all day; weather gloomy,
wind S.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—oOctober 17th, one going S.E.:
18th, one perched in boat 5 p.M.: 21st,two found dead on deck ;
clear, light breeze S.E.: 29th, one at light 6 P.M.

Arklow South Light-ship—November 4th, one going W.N.W. :
7th, one on deck.

1888] IRISH COAST 29

Blackrock, Mayo October 21st, several on rock all day ;
gloomy, wind N.E.: 22nd, two on rock all day; clear, wind S.
to S.E. November 8th, six on rock all day; gloomy, wind 8.E.
to E.: 9th, do.

Slyne Head, S—January 19th, one at noon. February 13th,
numbers on island all day; snow, fresh breeze. March 19th,
four all day; misty.

Tearaght—March 5th, Chaffinches left. November 7th, one
_ observed 9 A.M.; misty and showers, fresh breeze E.

_ _

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—October 28th, Mountain Finch shot.
[Brambling received in flesh.]

“ SPARROWS.”

Broadhaven—June 3rd, flocks of Sparrows at station all
day.

GREENFINCH (Coccothraustes chloris, Linn.).

Fastnet—September 29th, one on rock at noon, left for
mainland ; gloomy, moderate breeze S.E.

Mine Head.—F¥ebruary 11th, Greenfinches left.

Arklow North Light-ship—August 11th, numbers of small
birds at lantern; “one Green Linnet” killed midnight; rain,
strong breeze S8.W.

St John’s Point, Down—December 30th, large flock Green-
finches about station during day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—October 28th, “one came into

dwelling-house, the only one observed.”

_ TLearaght—March 28th, Greenfinches left, except one pair
which remained till the 12th May. December 23rd, one

_ observed noon; squally, passing showers.

“ LINNETS,”

__ Fasinet—October 24th, “four Grey Linnets” flying S.W.:

_ 29th, five do. going S.W. noon; clear, moderate breeze S.W.
Coningbeg Light-ship—April 1st, 10 a.M., flock of Linnets

going N.E.; 1) a.m., do. .

Ts

30 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Barrels Rock Light-ship—October “8th, small flock of —
Linnets going N.W.; clear, fresh breeze S.E. November 5th,
small flock going N.W. noon; one killed by Gull; rain, strong
breeze S.E.: 8th, five going N.W. 4 pm.; gloomy, moderate
gale S.E. December 12th, small flocks going N. from 9 A.M. to |
10 a.m.; clear, light breeze S.W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 27th, four Linnets going
N.W. 11 Am.: 31st, several flocks of Linnets going N.W.;
clear, moderate breeze N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 12th, one Cock Grey Linnet
on deck at 10 AMm.; went to land; calm, light breeze.
November 14th, 9 a.M., two going N.W., flying low.

South Rock Light-ship—March 8th, one at light 6.30 am,
May 9th, one going N.W. at 10 a.m.

Maidens South—January 22nd, 10 A.M., two Linnets going W.

Innishtrahull—January 11th, 12th, and 13th, four Linnets
on island; windS.W. August 30th, ‘‘nine Scotch Linnets” on
island; clear, wind strong N.W. October 18th, eighteen Grey
Linnets on island at 1 p.m.; fresh breeze S.E

Rathlin O’ Birne-—February 10th, 11th; 12th, 13th, and 14th,
“immense numbers of birds, consisting of Thrushes, Fieldfares,
Starlings, Linnets, and Blackbirds, seen during these dates ;
their flight was invariably to the S.W.; sometimes rested only
for a few minutes on the island; heavy snow on shore.”
October 28th, fifty Linnets going W. 8 A.M.; squalls and hail,
strong breeze W.; two killed striking. December 10th, fifty
alighted 8 a.M.; clear, strong breeze S.E.; remained till 14th.

Broadhaven.—April 5th, three flocks going 8. noon; clear,
moderate gale N.E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, “three Cock Grey Linnets
seen”; gloomy, wind N.E.

Slyne Head, S—February 13th, Grey Linnets on island all
day ; snow, strong breeze, variable. December 15th, large flock
of Linnets on island at 9 A.M. (first seen); clear, light breeze
N.E.: 15th, small flock.

Arran Island, N—November 26th, six Linnets about rock
at 3 p.M.; clear, fresh breeze S.: 27th, twenty. Linnets 10 A.M. ;
clear, light breeze E.: 30th, flock at noon. December 8th, two
Grey Linnets at station: 12th, flock of Linnets going N.: 15th,
ten Linnets at station, went N.

1888] IRISH COAST 31

Arran Island, S—November 1st, five Grey Linnets at 3 A.M.;
two caught; clear, light breeze S.E.: 2nd, several flocks going
W.; hazy, wind W.: 5th, four Grey Linnets at 2 AM.; two
killed ; light breeze E.

Tearaght.—September 8th, flock of Linnets and Twites about
all day. October 23rd, 9 AM. one flock (thirty birds) Grey
Linnets; cloudy and misty, light breeze S.E.

TwITE (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

Tuskar—January 8th, one about rock at 10 AM: March
31st, four going N.W.; wind strong N.E.

Tearaght—February 20th, “Twites have all left by this
date.” September 8th and 9th, flock of Twites and Linnets
about all day; clear, light breeze N.E. October 30th, Twite
shot at 2 p.m. [Leg and wing received]; clear, showery, moderate
breeze W.

‘* BULLFINCH.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 11th, one on rock all day;
gloomy, wind S.W. to S.E.

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 16th, one on rock: 17th, one on rock, prob-

ably same bird: 18th, two: 19th and 21st, four. November

Ath, three all day.

Mine Head.—¥ebruary 6th, several at lantern. March 11th,
Starlings at glass all night; several killed; wind and rain:
28th and 29th, large flocks.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 2nd, six going N.E. 9 A.M.:
7th, flock going N.E. at 8 am.: 10th, one at light at 10 Pp.
February 6th, several killed from 8 P.M. to midnight; overcast,
wind N.W.: 7th, two killed: 24th, one going N. March 10th,
Starlings at light from 10 P.M. to midnight; several fell over-
board; rain, wind light, variable: 11th, midnight to 4 a.m, do.;
gloomy and rain, fresh breeze S.E. April 3rd, 11 A.M., one
going N.E. October 19th, one about ship all day.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— October 18th, small flock going N.:
19th, Starling going N.: 20th, one going N.: 21st and 22nd,
several going N. November 4th, flock passing N.; showery,
fresh breeze S.E.: 5th and 7th, Starlings going N. 1 a.m. to

32 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

3 aMm.; clear, moderate breeze S.E.: 11th, 8 p.m. to midnight,
Starlings passing in a northerly direction; clear, fresh breeze
S.E.: 28th, Starlings passing N. 9 P.M. to midnight; clear,
moderate breeze S.E. December 8th, three at light at 8 P.M.

Tuskar—January 12th and 13th, one disabled: 15th, one
killed at light: 19th, Starlings, with Thrushes, Blackbirds,
Fieldfares, and Larks, in numbers at light all night; overcast,
fresh breeze S.E. February 5th, one at light 10.30 p.m: 6th,
large numbers at light; five killed; some must have fallen into
sea; light breeze N.W.: 9th, one at light: 11th and 17th,
some at light. March “9th, three at light at 5 a.m.: 10th, 7 PM.
to daylight on 11th, great numbers about light; great flocks
resting on balcony at night, and also a few Blackbirds and
Thrushes ; rain, light breeze W.S.W. to S.E.: 17th, Starlings
in numbers at light from 10 p.m.; fresh rush at midnight; clear,
wind N.E.: 20th, ten on balcony 5 A.M.; clear, fresh breeze N.E.:
29th, Starlings at light, with Thrushes, Blackbirds, and two
Wheatears (principally Starlings), 3.30 a.m.; three Starlings
killed ; rain, moderate breeze E.: 30th, one going N.W. 6 A.M.
April 3rd, one at light 2.30 A.M.; after 2.30 a.m. a rush of
Starlings and a few Wheatears; some Starlings killed striking ;
dark, fresh breeze N.: 4th, three at light 3 am: 6th, six
Starlings and a few small birds at light 3.20 am: 7th,
two at light 10 p.m.: 10th, ten at light all night; four killed
striking: 11th, twenty at light; three killed: 12th, numbers at
light, with Blackbirds and Thrushes, midnight to 3 A.M.; many
killed ; this was a great rush ; overcast, clear, fresh breeze W.:
13th and 14th, a few at light in early morning. October 9th,
great rush from 8 P.M, with Blackbirds, Thrushes, Chaffinches,
and Larks; six Starlings killed; clear, light breeze N.E.: 10th,
Starlings at light; none killed; clear, light breeze N.: 12th,
do.; clear and showery, moderate breeze W.: 16th, one all
day ; Starlings at light at night; two killed: 19th, three on
rock all day: 20th, large flock going N.W. at 8 am: 21st,
three on rock: 22nd, four going N.E.: 23rd, two on rock, died ;
“ drinking salt-water kills them”: 24th, one: 31st, twenty-four
going W. at 9 AM. November Ist, six going W. 10 a.M.: 2nd,
five at light; one killed, early morning: 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th,
9th, 10th, and 11th, Starlings daily on rock: 15th, six Starlings
going W. 11 a.m.

1888] IRISH COAST 33

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—October 22nd, several going N.W.
” flying high, 7 am. to 5 pm.; clear, wind light SE.: 23rd,
x Starlings going N.W. all day; several rested on ship; clear,
; wind light S.W.: 24th, flocks going N.W.: 26th, Starlings
_ striking 9 p.m. to midnight; seven killed; hazy, wind fresh
f S.W.: 29th, several at lantern from 6 P.M. to 5 A.M.; five killed.
_ November 3rd, two about ship all day; one found dead: 8th
_ and 10th, two going N.W.; rested on ship.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship.—February 4th, Starlings at
light; six disabled; overcast: 5th, two killed striking: 6th,
four killed striking. October 9th, two killed: 16th, one got
into lantern through open door 6 A.M.: 19th, one seen: 21st,
seven on ship all day ; two found dead on deck, others went off
N.W.: 31st, large flocks going N.W. 11 A.M.; clear, moderate
breeze S.W. November 4th, four killed striking.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 15th, one going N.W.

February 18th, numbers at light; several killed, 2 a.m. to4 a.M.;
snow, light breeze N.W. March 8th, Starlings at light 8 P.M. to
midnight; several fell overboard; rain, strong breeze S.W.:
12th, ten found dead on deck: 17th, Starlings at light: 18th,
midnight to 4 A.mM., several fell overboard ; clear, light breeze
N.E. April 12th, numbers killed at light midnight to 3.30 a.m.;
rain, light breeze W.N.W. September 25th, one about ship,
November 3rd, 7 p.M., several at light; came from S.E.; two
killed; showery, fresh breeze 8.E.: 4th, 8 P.M. to 4 AM, several;
rain, fresh breeze S.E. by S.: 6th, several flocks, 8 A.M. to noon,
flying high to N.W.; gloomy, light breeze E.: 7th, one on deck :
10th, do.

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 1st, 3rd, and 5th, Larks
about lantern at midnight; wind strong to gale S., showers.

_ February 16th, Starlings, Larks, and Thrushes about lantern at
midnight; wind light N.N.W.; overcast: 19th, two flocks of
Starlings and Thrushes going N.W. at noon; gale N.E., snow.
March 7th, number at lantern; gale S.W.: 11th, Starlings,
Larks, and Blackbirds about lantern at midnight; wind light,
variable, hazy, rain; ten Starlings, two Blackbirds, and one
Lark killed striking. May 5th, some about lantern at midnight ;
hazy, fresh breeze S.W.: 28th, two at midnight, found dead.
November Ist, flock going N.W.: 2nd, flocks going N.W. all

day; sleet, moderate gale N.E.: 3rd, some at lantern, 8 P.M.
C

hy
i
|

34 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1sss

to midnight, some going overboard ; rain, moderate gale E.:
5th, do. at midnight: 7th, do., many striking and falling over-
board; showers, moderate gale S.E.: 8th, flocks going N.W.
at noon; showers, moderate gale S.E.; three killed striking.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 7th, a flock at lantern; four
killed 9 pm. November 4th, 8 P.M. nine at lantern; rain.
December 11th, several flocks going N.W. 11 4.m.; cloudy, rain,
fresh gale 8.

Howth Baily—March 11th, large number of birds, chiefly
Starlings, from 2 A.M.to 4 4.M.; many killed, all Starlings; strong
breeze E.,fog and haze. May 12th, two Starlings have taken up
their abode in ventilator of tower; apparently going to build.

South Rock Light-ship—ZJanuary 11th, two killed. March
10th, twenty-four killed striking; fog, wind moderate S.E.:
12th, one caught 6 am. April 14th, twelve found killed. May
11th, two seen in rigging ; afterwards killed.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 4th, Starlings at glass all
night; several killed; wind strong N.E.: 5th, some at glass all
night; some killed; wind strong N.E.: 9th, do., five killed:
27th, 28th, and 29th, do., a few killed each nicht.

Maidens South—January 4th; four going 8. March 10th,
two killed striking.

Innishtrahull—November 2nd, one at midnight: 17th, two
disabled striking; full gale N.W.

Rathlin O Birne—February 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th,
“immense numbers of Starlings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, Blackbirds,
and Linnets during these dates, their flight being invariably to
the S.W.; sometimes rested only for a few minutes on island;
heavy snow on shore.” November 22nd, thirty-six going W. at
9 A.M.; rain, moderate gale W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 21st, two on rock; gloomy, wind
N.E. November Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 9th, and 11th, fifty to one
hundred Starlings on rock.

Slyne Head, S.—January, twe on island during month.
February 13th, numbers on island all. day; snow, fresh breeze,
variable. March 12th, two do.: 19th, one with broken wing
on island. April 6th, one. October 30th and 31st, large
flocks on island; showery, moderate gale S.W. November 3rd,
do.: 8th, some at light: 10th, five at 10 a.M.: 28th, large flocks
on island; wind light E. December 16th and 17th, a few.

1888] IRISH COAST 35

Arran Island, N.—April 12th, seven going S. November
97th, flock going S.W. 7.30 aM.: 28th, flock at station;

remained over 29th. December Ist, flock of Starlings going
N.E.: 2nd, two on rock: 9th, ten: 12th, twenty going 8.W.

Arran Island, S—October 31st, four killed striking; misty.
November Ist, seven killed during night: 3rd, flocks at light

all night; misty, moderate breeze 8.W.: 4th, nine killed: 5th,

several going S.W. 2 A.M.; one caught and one got down chimney
into bedroom.

Tearaght—March 26th, Starlings left. October 25th, one
seen. November 2nd, eight: 6th, two killed 4 A.M.; overcast,

fresh breeze E.: 26th, about thirty; squally; remained on

island.
Skelligs—October 20th to 23rd, large flock about; gloomy,
moderate breeze S.H.

CHouas (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April 4th, ten flying about station in the

breeding season. November 12th, fourteen seen 3 P.M.

St John’s Point, Down—November 50th, one Chough about
station during day. December 16th, one perched on rocks at
1 PM.

- Innishtrahull—aApril 18th, two hovering about island 11 A.M.
August 18th, two on island 1 P.M.; misty, wind light E.

Aranmore.—The Chough always remains here.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 31st, one about rock.

Slyne Head, S—November 2nd, one shot by keeper 8 A.M.
[Received in flesh]: 4th, five about all day: 5th, eleven: 8th,

_ three came at night, none killed; gloomy, fresh gale E.

- Arran Island, N—November 21st, “ six Crows with red feet ”

hovering about at 2 p.M.; clear, fresh gale N.

Tearaght.—“ Two Choughs remain always.”
Skelligs—February 16th to 19th, two about; resident, breed
on island.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

Mine Head.—January 1st, two about station every day this
week; did not breed in their usual place this year or last

_ year—(’86 and ’87.—K. M. B.|. October 13th, two seen.

36 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Dunree Head—February 29th, two seen. April 5th, four
going N.W. November 10th, two. December 15th and 23rd, two.

Broadhaven.—April 1st, two seen ; they breed here.

Blackrock, Mayo.—F¥ebruary 26th, 1 pm, three going E.
March 31st, “two small Ravens round rock,” noon. June 25th,
two Ravens about at 1 P.M.

Slyne Head, S—November 4th, two about all day.

Skelligs—January 24th, four observed. May 9th, two on
island all day. December 3rd, five on island all day; fog and
rain, strong breeze S.W.

Hoopep Crow (Corvus cornia, Linn.).

Fastnet.—March 18th, six grey-backed Crows; left for Cape
Clear. These birds often visit the rock.

Mine Head.—March 24th, ten or twelve about station; they
build on the cliffs. December 12th, five: 17th, four.

Aranmore.—The Hooded Crow always remains here.

Blackrock, Mayo—April 26th, one about rock at noon.

Arran Island, N—April 3rd, three seen. December 2nd,
“two Carrion Crows” about rock.

Tearaght.—October 1st, three Hooded Crows always remain.
November 28th, two “ Carrion Crows.”

Skelligs—January 16th to 28th, two Hooded Crows about.
February 1st to 16th, do.; resident, breeds on island. October
Ath to 17th, six about. December 11th, two all day.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 19th, 11 AM. “two Crows”
going N.E.:. 20th, one going N.E. 11 am. April 3rd,9 AM.,
one on ship: 7th, one going N.E. 7 a.M.; clear, light breeze N.E.

Tuskar—March 26th, one Crow going N.W.: 29th, one going
N.W. April 1st, five going E.: 18th, three going 8.W. May
3rd, four going W.: 8th, one going W.

Maidens South.—March 21st, 11 a.M., three Crows going N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 14th, five Crows going
N.W. at noon; strong breeze N.E., snow.

St John’s Point, Down.—November 13th, flock of Crows going
N. at 11 aM.

Rathlin Island—April 1st, “large flock black Crows”

going 8.

1888] IRISH COAST al

Innishtrahull.— April 8th, two Crows on island; light
breeze S.E.

Rathlin O' Birne.—September 2nd, ten Rooks going W. 8 A.M.,
first arrival; misty, fresh breeze W.

Broadhaven.— April 1st, flock of Crows going W.

Blackrock, Mayo—November 7th, thirteen Crows passed rock
going N.E.

Slyne Head, S—March 25th, one Crow on island. April,
one Crow comes here occasionally. November 28th, several on
rock,

Arran Isiand, N-—November 30th, four Crows going N.E,
December Ist, two on rock: 6th, one going N.E.: 8th, two about
station: 10th, 13th, and 14th, two going N.E.

Skelligs—November 1st, large flock of Crows, about two
hundred, going N. 10 am.; clear, showery, strong breeze
N.N.E.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.),

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 19th, noon, four going N.E.;
overcast, strong breeze N.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 10th, three going S.W.
11 A.M., flying very low; clear, wind light N.W.

Rathlin O' Birne.—October 29th, four on island; remained
till November 6th.

MaaPiE (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Mine Head.—October 5th, five going N.E. 3 P..; clear.
December 4th, two Magpies, 10 A.m.: 15th, three, 9 p.m.
fiathlin O'Birne—December 18th, one going W. at 2 P.M.;

“never observed this time of year on this island;” misty,
fresh breeze W.

SWALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Fastnet— April 23rd, one about rock; fresh breeze S.E.
May 7th, one, 6 p.M.; dense fog: 26th, one. June 5th,
Swallows at light 10 p.M.; fog, light breeze S.E October 10th,
several young Swallows about rock chasing flies to 5 PM.;
clear, light breeze N.

a

38 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Coningbey Light-ship—April 21st, five’ going N. May 11th,
two about ship: 14th, one going N.E. June 1st, noon, several
about ship; fog, light breeze S.E. October Ist, several
during day; clear, moderate breeze N.W.

Tuskar.—April 20th, one at 3 P.M., the first seen; gloomy,
light breeze N.W.: 28th, one going N.: 30th, Swallows about
rock, May 27th, four Swallows constantly about rock from
27th to 7th of June. October 4th, one going N.W.: 21st, one.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 14th, three going N.W.
2 Pp.M.: 15th, one going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—oOctober 22nd, one caught on
deck 11 p.m.; clear, light breeze S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 12th, 2.30 pM., flock of
“Swallows” going §8.W., flying high; clear, wind light N.E.
April 22nd, one going N.W.: 30th, ten going N.W. noon; rain.
May 2nd, two flocks going N.W. in afternoon: 5th, one about
ship: 19th, one going N.W. August 8th, one going N.W.
September 27th, flock going S.E.; light breeze S.E., hazy.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 16th, one going N.W. 2 P.M.
September 21st, four going N.W. 10 am.; hazy, moderate
breeze N.E. October 8rd, two going N.W.; strong breeze E.

South Rock Light-ship.—May 10th, one going N.W.

fathlin Island—April 6th, a good many going E.; gale
N.W.

Aranmore—May 26th, 1 pM., saw first Swallow; misty,
light breeze N.E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 10th, one flying round rock.

Tearaght—-May 13th, several flying about.

Hovuse-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Tearaght.— October 27th, several “Swifts and Martins”
remained around island for several days ; mist and rain, fresh
gale S.W.

SAND Martin (Cotdle riparia, Linn.).

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 22nd, three on rock all day;
gloomy, wind §8.E.

Tearaght—May 9th, one shot—[Leg and wing received]:
11th, two seen.

1888] 1RISH COAST 89

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

’

- Ooningbeg Light-ship—June 2nd, one “Black Swallow’
6 P.M.; fog.

Innishtrahull—May 21st, one at noon: 23rd, three.
Broadhaven—June 8th, one going E.: 20th, one going S.
Blackrock, Mayo—June 18th, one going N.E. July 2nd, one
found disabled 8.30 a.m.; fog, moderate breeze S.W.

Arran Isiand, N— June 10th, two seen.

— Learaght—July 29th, one. October 25th, one “Swallow
_ (Swift)” seen 9 4M.; misty, moderate gale S.W.: 27th, several
_ Swifts and Martins about island for several days.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus europeeus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April 20th, one heard.
Tuskar.—May 11th, six on rock all day; hazy, calm. June
drd, two on rock all day. August 11th, one at light all night.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Mine Head—May 13th, Cuckoo first heard.
Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 30th, one killed striking 11 P.M. ;
rain, moderate gale S.W.
Tuskar—May 10th, one on balcony 1 AM.; one at light
11 P.M.
~—s Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 13th, a Cuckoo rested at
4 AM, and afterwards flew N.W. towards land; wind light
_N.E, clear—James Byrne, in lit., April 1889.
Howth Baily—May 14th, a Cuckoo found dead.
Dunree Head—May 5th, one going E. 10 am; “first seen
_ this month”: 16th, two going N.E. 11 am.: 25th, one going
W. 10 am.: 30th, one going E.; “last heard this year.”
Aranmore.—J une 12th, one seen 3 P.M.
Tearaght.—April 26th, one on rock.
Skelligs—April 16th, one shot on island; misty, fresh
breeze 8.W. .

Hoopor (Upupa epops, Linn.).

Mine Head—April 25th, “observed several times in neigh-
bourhood ; one shot by Mr Fitzgerald at Seaview.”

40 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

>
“ PIGEONS.”

Fastnet.—October 16th, “two small Blue Pigeons” on rock:
17th, one Pigeon on rock; “this was a Rock Pigeon, and larger
than the two seen yesterday”: 19th, one on rock.

Mine Head—dJanuary 1st, flocks of Rock Pigeons in the
fields every day during month ; they build near station.

Coningbeg Light-ship—ZJune 2nd, 6 P.M., one pigeon.

Arkiow North Light-ship—September 9th, one on deck 4 P.M. ;
flew off N.W.

Innishtrahull—June 20th to 28th, four Pigeons on island
each day ; clear, wind variable: 30th, one on island.

Dunree Head—January 14th, two going E. July 9th, six
going N.E. Six to twelve noted at intervals during year up to
December. “ Pigeons are about the caves here winter and
summer.”

Aranmore.—September and October, some seen daily.

Rathlin O’ Birne.—October 31st, 10 A.M., ten on island; first
seen in flock.

Slyne Head, S—January 9th, four aboutisland. March 21st,
five on rocks west of the island.

Arran Island, N—May 26th, three Wild Pigeons on rock
2P.M.: 29th, one: 31st, six or seven.

Tearaght.—November 9th, three seen 11 A.M.; remain.

TuRTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

Tuskar.—May 19th, one shot—[Received in flesh]. June
Ath, two on rock 3 P.M.; one shot. [Received in flesh. ]
Blackrock, Mayo.—June 3rd, one on rock during day ; fog.

SAND GROUSE (Syrrhaptes paradoxus, Pallas).

Fustnet.—See under “ Birds not Identified,” p. 57.

Drogheda, E. and W.—July 13th, “I send you per same post
a Sand Grouse which I shot at 4 p.m. yesterday; there were
about ten or twelve in the flock, three of which I killed. It
was the second time I observed them yesterday.” [Received in
flesh, ]

Broadhaven.—* A bird was shot in April, I think, by Mr
Gallagher of Corlough, who called it a Sand Grouse. It had

1888] IRISH COAST 41

no claws, but the foot resembled that of a rat, I am informed.
A Snow Owl was shot the same time. Both were sent to Mr
Knox of Kingstown.” (See More’s “List of Irish Birds in the
-Science and Art Museum, Dublin,” p. 8, 2nd edition.)

CorN-CRAKE (Crex pratensis, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—April 30th, two Land Rails on rock 4.30 A.M.; rain,
wind light S. May 6th, one at 9 a.m.; fog: 10th, one on balcony
at 1 AM.: 11th, six on rock all day; ee calm.

Arklow South Inght-ship.—May 5th, “hundreds of Corn-Crakes
about light 10.30 p.m. to 12.20 a.m.; large numbers killed against
glass, two fell dead on deck, emer fell overboard; one caught
alive and let go; went off N.W. flying low; weather clear, light
breeze 8.W.—A. B. WALL.” [Two received in flesh. ]

Innishtrahull—aJuly 13th, 6.30 P.m., one heard on island.

Tearaght.—May 19th, remains of Land Rail found, probably
killed by Peregrine. [Leg and wing received.]

Water Ratt (Lallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 4th, 11 p.M., one killed striking; “from
description given by Rh. Lyons, assistant, I take it to be a Water
Rail; I was ashore at the time.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 5th, “two Quail killed
against glass;” wind strong N.E. [Leg and wing Water Rail
received |.

Tearaght.—April 26th, one Water Rail seen on rock.

Water-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 24th, “six Water-Hens going
N.E.” 4.30 p.m.; clear, light breeze N.E. October 3rd, “one
small Water-Hen” on ship during day; showery, strong breeze
N.E. [Possibly Water Rail—R. M. B.]

Tuskar—September 16th, one found dead on rock; clear,
light breeze N. [Leg and wing received.]

Bap Coor (Fulica atra, Linn.).

Aranmore.—January 19th, “one male Coot caught” near
station 10 A.M.; overcast, moderate gale E.

42 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Rincep Prover (Zyialitis hiatieula, Linn).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 6th, “three Ringed Dotterels”
round ship. September 24th, seven “ Dotterels” flying W.

Broadhaven.—April 10th, 3 P.M., three “ Little Ringed Dotterel
feeding.”

GoLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—December 18th, three seen 5 P.M.

Arklow South Light-ship.—January 14th, “ one Grey Plover”
on deck; gloomy, N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship.—March 1st, “two Grey Plover”
going N.W. at 10 A.M.; strong breeze E., snow.

St John’s Point, Down.—< Considerable quantities of Golden
Plover come down from the mountains during frosty weather.”

Maidens South—January 17th, thirteen Golden Plover
11 am. flying 8.W., very high. February 29th, two at lantern
9 p.m.; cloudy, moderate breeze N.E. :

Innishtrahull.—May 5th, 10 P.M. to midnight, a few at light;
misty, light breeze S.W. August 5th, noon, two going N.E.
September 24th, two seen: 25th; two. November 29th, one
disabled striking at midnight. —

Aranmore-—September 20th, flock observed; they remain on
island all winter. November 30th, noon, one shot. [Leg and
wing received. |

Rathlin O Birne.— January 30th, five on island; remained till
February 1st. November Ist, eighteen going E.; three shot.
December 3rd, fifteen on island (came from mainland).

Blackrock, Mayo—May 26th, noon, one in summer plumage
on rock,

Tearaght—November 6th, one going W.

GREEN PLoveR (Vanellus vulgaris, Linn.).

Mine Head.—None seen in January, and very few observed
through the spring. November 24th, four “Plover.” December
13th, six.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 7th, flock of Lapwings at light
10.30 p.M.; hazy: 27th, one going N.E.

Tuskar.—March 16th, three on rock all day. April 8th, one
stayed all night.

IRISH COAST 43

St John’s Point, Down —*There are large quantities of Lap-

v ing always about here.”

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 2nd, one killed striking ;

wind strong N.E., rain: 27th, Lapwings striking, together

with Starlings and Thrushes ; a few of each killed.

Maidens South January 17th, thirteen Golden and twenty-

three Green Plover flying very high, going S.W.
Innishtrahull.September 25th, thirteen “ Peewits ” on island.
Aranmore.—February 10th, one shot. July 2nd, two seen

on island. October, “Plover to be seen daily.”
Rathlin O’ Birne.—September 2nd, two seen 3 P.M.; remained

on island till 15th.

Blackrock, Mayo—March 11th, one on rock.

OysTER-CATCHER (Haematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—April 28th, six flying N.E.3 p.m. September 5th,
_ twoseen. November 14th, two on rock.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 14th, several seen 9 P.M.

Tuskar.—January 19th, one on rock; went off N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Jsland—November, Oyster-Catchers are
plentiful here.

Inmishtrahull—April 4th, seven on island. November 17th,
_ nineteen on island; remained over night.

Tory Island.—January 15th, Oyster-Catchers seen.

Aranmore.—“ The Seapie always remains on south end of
island.”

Broadhaven— April 17th, two.

Slyne Head, S—January, Seapies about every day. March,
some Seapies here all month. April, Seapies come here to feed
at low water, and go away again.

Arran Island, N—May 11th, three on rock. November 22nd,
six on island.
if Tearaght.—November 25th, two observed.

; Skelligs—March 23rd, two landed at noon. May 9th, one
all day.
ve

Woopncock (Seolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Tuskar.—February 13th, one flying S.W. 1 P.M.; thick snow,
_ moderate breeze E.

44 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Rathiin Island—June 6th, “a dozen"Woodcocks going 8.W.
5 p.M.; foggy, light breeze S.W. These birds are not often seen
in the island.— Patrick KEENAN.”

Aranmore.—January 28th, “Woodcock shot”; clear, strong
breeze N.E. Woodcock remain here all winter. November ~
29th, one killed striking at 3 a.M.; wind.moderate E., overcast.
[Leg and wing received. |

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 8th, one on rock all day; gloomy,
wind S8.E.: 9th, do.

Slyne Head, S—November 7th, one killed striking; gale E.

Tearaght—November 4th, 11 A.M., one seen; wind light E.

Skelligs.—October 27th, one lighted at 8 A.M.; overcast,
moderate breeze S. November 6th, two killed striking, going
W.; gloomy, fresh breeze S.E.: ‘7th, two shot; gloomy,
gale S.E.

CoMMON SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel) and
JACK SNIPE (G, gallinula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 25th, two Snipe seen 6 P.M.; weather
clear. November 28th, one. December 16th, one seen. |

Tuskar.—January 8th, one Snipe on rock 5 AM.; thick fog,
moderate breeze S.W. April 8th, two on rock; rested through
night; went off west; clear, wind light N.E. ee 3rd,
one Snipe found dead; overcast, moderate gale E.

Arklow South Fis ship—September 9th, 9 P.M, two Snipe
striking; one killed, one disabled; moderate breeze N.E.
[Common Snipe received in flesh]. November 9th, one Snipe
at light 9 p.M.; subsequently killed striking rigging. [Common
Snipe received in flesh. ]

Arklow North Light-ship—November 5th, one Snipe killed
on deck; sleet showers, strong breeze S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November, Snipe are plentiful here. —

LInmshtrahull—January 16th, 11 A.M., three Snipe on island;
hazy, moderate breeze E.

Aranmore.—February 2nd, 8 AM., shot one Snipe; they
remain here all winter. November 12th, Jack Snipe shot—
[Leg and wing of Jack Snipe received]: 30th, one Snipe caught
striking 3.15 A.M.; overcast, moderate breeze E. [Leg and wing
of Common Snipe received. |

1888] IRISH COAST 45

Slyne Head, S—March 31st, one Snipe on island all day;
wind light N.E. November 6th, one killed striking; gloomy,
fresh breeze E.: 10th, one Snipe seen 10 A.m.: 28th, one on
rock all day; weather gloomy, light breeze E. December 10th,
~ one on rock all day.

_ *Tearaght.—October 21st, one seen 2.30 a.m.; cloudy and
gloomy, light breeze S.E. November 10th, one Snipe seen
11 4.M.; clear, fresh breeze S.E. December 5th, 11 A.M., two.

PURPLE SANDPIPER (Z'ringa striata, Linn.).

Fastnet.—May 18th, midnight to 1 A.M., several Sand Larks
about light; one killed. [Leg, wing, and bill of Purple Sand-
piper received. ]

Knot (Zringa canutus, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—January 14th, one “ Grey Plover”
on deck at 5 A.M.; wind light N.E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of
Knot received. ]

ComMon SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—May 5th, Strand Lark shot feeding in stream—
[Leg and wing of Common Sandpiper received]. July ? 26th,
one found killed; fog previous night. [Leg and wing received.]

Tuskar.—May 6th, one struck. [Wing received.]

Arklow North Light-ship—May 8th, one Common Sandpiper
caught at lantern at 4 aM.; wind leht E. [Received in
flesh. ]

“SAND LARKS.”

Fastnet—May 22nd, six Sand Larks on small rock. August
16th, four. October 20th, six: 29th, two. November 28th,
three. December 5th, four.

Tuskar—January 12th, one Sandpiper killed by cat: 14th,
and February 9th, Sandpipers on rock all day: 14th, two.
April 20th, one shot. May 11th, two “Sanderlings” on rock
all day. September 22nd, ten Sandpipers all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November, “Strand Larks are
common here.” .

a

46 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Broadhaven.—April 10th, three “ Sand€rlings” feeding.

_ Blackrock, Mayo.—November 10th, one Sand Lark on rock
all day.

Slyne Head, S—January, “Sand Larks about every day.”
March, “some here all months.” April, a number seen up to
the 12th, none observed since.

Arran Island, N—November 24th, 11 am, Sand Larks
about shore: 25th, do. ;

Tearaght—November 25th, noon, one observed: 26th, two.

REDSHANK (Totanus calidris, Linn.).

Aranmore.—The Redshank always remains on south end of
island.

Broadhaven.—May 15th, 1 P.M., one seen.

Slyne Head, S—January, Redshanks about every day.

Arran Island, N—November 24th and 25th, Redshanks
about shore.

CuRLEW (VWumenius arquata, Linn.).

Fastnet—August 15th, 11 p.M., several héard flying N.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 21st, a flock over ship at
10.30 p.m.; clear, light breeze N.W. September 23rd, several
flying N.E.: 29th, several flying over ship. October 13th,
7 pM., several going N.E.

Tuskar—March 26th, four going E. May 3rd, one going
W.: 7th, two on rock all day: 14th, two going S.E. noon.
August 11th, one at light all night. September 28th, one on
rock 10 A.M.; dense fog, calm.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 12th, noon, flock going S.E.

Howth Baily—March 16th, large flocks of Curlew all day,
remaining in neighbourhood; wind variable, snow.

South Rock Lnght-ship.—ZJanuary 19th, two at lantern at mid-
night. April 6th, midnight, three going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island —November, “ Curlew are plentiful.”

Maidens South—March 21st, one going N.

Innishtrahulli—August 24th, “seven young Curlews” on
island through the day.

Dunree Head.—January 6th, seven going S.E.

Aranmore——September, a few about; very plentiful on south
side of island. October, Curlew to be seen daily.

"Se 2

IRISH COAST 47

Rathlin O Birne.-—January 20th, fifteen on island; “the

only large flock seen this year.”

Broadhaven.— May 4th, five seen.
Blackrock, Mayo.—March 31st, one shot.

g Slyne Head, S—April 15th, three on island.

Arran Island, N.i—November 23rd, ten on island.
Tearaght—December 4th, one seen.

WHIMBREL (Numenius pheeopus, Linn.).

Fastnet—April 28th, 10 p.m. to 11 P.M, ereat numbers of

Whimbrel going N.E.; hazy, moderate breeze (heard only).

May 6th, numbers flying N.; dense fog, moderate breeze W.:
7th, several seen 11 p.m.; dense fog. August 18th, one going
W. September 15th, 2 am. to 4 a.,, a flock flying S.; gloomy,

_ wind light 8.E. “They passed in vast numbers for two hours,
flying high, with great noise.”

_ Mine Head.—April 29th, a great number of “ young Curlew ”

_ passing with much noise at 10 P.M.; rain; heard several times

OS a ae a

through night. [Whimbrel probably.—R. M. B.]

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 9th, two killed striking; rain,
moderate breeze H.: 15th, several going N.W. (apparently
Whimbrels): 16th, four going N.E. 7.30 PM, and at 9 pM,

Several going N.E.; clear, fresh breeze S.W.: 27th, 8 PM,

several going N.E. ; clear, light breeze S.W.

Tuskar.—May 6th, 1 A.M. to 2.30 a.M., “ May birds” at light ;
fog; 9 a.m, “ May birds” on rock.

Broadhaven—May 8th, twenty feeding at 4 am. “Not as
numerous as last season.”

Blackrock, Mayo—May 18th, 7 p.m., three “ May birds” on

rock,

“ TERNS.”

Fastnet—June 1st, 1 A.M., several “Sea Mews” around light:
drd, one going S.W. August 11th, several at light 1 am.
September 4th, several at light 2 a.m.

Tuskar— August 11th, one “ Blackheaded Mew” at light.

Copeland (Mew) Island—oOctober 31st, “ Mews are all gone
about this date. These birds are very plentiful in summer
here, and breed.” ;

a

48 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

Rathlin O’ Birne.-—Terns breed on rocks outside island.
Arran Island, N—May 17th, flock of Terns round rock.

“ GULLS.”

Fastnet—February 23rd, one large Iceland Gull hovering
about rock at 4 p.m.; frosty. March 30th, numbers of Kitti-
wakes feeding. April 25th, numbers of Grey Gulls flying
S.E.: 28th, large flocks of Kittiwakes flying N.W. May 26th,
two flocks “large White Gulls” going 8.H. November 28th,
a flock of Kittiwakes.

Mine Head.—January 29th, “a small cream-coloured Gull,
short neck, straight red bill, tips of wings black,” seen.

Coningbeg Light-ship—Herring Gulls, a few Blackbacks, and
small Common Gulls daily in vicinity of ship during May and
June; also through February, March, and April.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—December 16th, “ Grey Gulls”
about ship all day.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 9th, a flock of Gulls going 8.
November Ist, flocks about all day: 11th, do. December
26th, do.

Howth Baily—September 19th, large numbers of Sea Gulls
follow the “ Hopper” barges daily at all seasons in the neigh-
bourhood of this station. These barges come out from Dublin
to discharge mud, and one carries the rubbish swept off the
streets.

St John’s Point, Down.—October 12th and 19th, flocks of
Herring Gulls during day.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 28th, Herring Gulls seen
from time to time.

Dunree Head—August 10th, numbers seen. September
18th, do.

Tory Island.—January 10th, large numbers of Sea Gulls.

Aranmore.—April 20th, Kittiwakes in great numbers on
rocks and water. July, Gulls numerous every day throughout
month; they breed here. August, do.

Rathlin OBirne-—Royal Gulls, Terns, and Sandpipers breed
on rocks outside island.

Broadhaven.—J une 16th, flock of Kittiwakes about all day.

Blackrock, Mayo.—February 10th, one Iceland Gull about
rock; gloomy, gale N.W.; Kittiwakes about, one disabled,

:

i
i.

1888] IRISH COAST 49

March 6th, Kittiwakes returned to their nesting ledges on rock:
13th, one Iceland Gull about rock; gloomy, fresh breeze E.N.E.

October 21st and 22nd, “Gulls and Didleens or small Gulls”

eee —-

Ee ————— Oe

about rock all day: 23rd to 28th, do., going 8.; small Gulls
and Gannets when passing all go 8S. November 12th, a few
large Gulls and one “ Royal Gull” about.

Slyne Head, S.—January, a number of Gulls about every day.
February, about twenty large Sea Gulls around island up to the
15th of March, only two after that date. March 27th, great
numbers of Kittiwakes going N. all day: do. on 28th, 30th, and
31st. April 4th, Kittiwakes going N.in numbers: 5th and 6th,
do. not so numerous on 6th; no large Gulls after 8th: one
flock Kittiwakes going S. on 6th: 8th, Kittiwakes in flocks
going N.: 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, do.: 15th, numbers feeding
on the water.

Arran Island, N.—May 3rd, flocks of Gulls going N. all day:

_ 7th, flocks feeding. November 23rd, fifty Sea Gulls about shore:

i i

27th, two Royal Gulls about rock, first seen for a long time.
December 7th, three Royal Gulls going S.E.: 8th, several Gulls
about station.

Tearaght—March 4th, Kittiwakes arrived. October Ist,

- Gulls of several sorts around rock all day: 13th, great numbers
of sea-fow! about all day; squally, fresh breeze S.W.

“
“

Skelligs—March 4th, Kittiwakes first landed on rock.
December 19th, large flock feeding.

“ SKUAS.”
Fastnet.—August 9th, one Skua Gull at noon going W. “I
often see them close to mainland chasing other Gulls.”
Aranmore.—July 30th, 8.30 p.M., two Skua Gulls going 8.

MANX SHEARWATER (Pufinus anglorum, Temminck).

Fastnet—March 16th, large flocks in company with Puffins,
Guillemots, and Razorbills feeding about rock; clear and frosty,
strong breeze N.E. “More or less abundant through summer
months.” July 12th, numbers feeding about all day.

Mine Head.— May 27th, one killed striking at 11 P.M.
[Received in flesh]: 31st, heard several times.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 29th, great flock in company with
Puffing, etc., daily throughout May and June.

D

50 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888 4

Aranmore.—February 21st, “ Manx Shearwater heard about
cliffs to-night; clear, fresh breeze S.E.— THomAs FORTUNE.”
July, seen daily; they breed here. August, do.; less numerous
after 22nd ; finally disappeared at end of month.

Slyne Head, S—March 30th, numbers going N. all day;
wind variable.

Skelligs—March 1st, first heard 11 p.m.

FORK-TAILED PsTREL (Cymochorea leucorrhoa, Vieill).

Tearaght—July 6th, Fork-tailed Petrel found hatching ;
bird and egg forwarded. [Received.—R. M. B.]

STORM PETREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Fastnet—August 11th, about twenty striking midnight to
2AM., none killed; rain, light breeze W.S.W. September 4th,
2 AM, Storm Petrels at light; rain, wind W.N.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 17th, one about ship; clear, fresh
breeze 8.W.: 18th, two do.: 21st, do.: 23rd, 25th, 29th, 30th,
and 31st, several seen. June 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th,
do. December 7th, one on ship; hazy, moderate breeze S8.W.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 6th, 2 P.M. to 5 P.M., one
about ship; rain, strong breeze 8.E.: 12th, two about all day;
rain, gale S.E.

Tuskar.—May 10th, one at light 11 P.m.; fog, light breeze N.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—oOctober 28th, one about ship all
day; clear, wind strong S.W.

Innishtrahull.— September 3rd, one striking, not injured,
9pm. ‘The Petrel is a rare visitor in the North Channel; I
have not seen one on the North coast for the past ten years.—
M. J. KENNEDY.”

Rathlin O' Birne—November 4th, 9 A.M., one killed striking ;
misty, strong breeze E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 13th, 12.30 a.M., one striking; gloomy,
wind N. June 2nd, one at light 1.50 a.m.; showery, fresh
breeze E.: 5th, one at light 11.30 P.M.; misty.

* Tearaght.—April 28th, Storm Petrel arrived.

BLACK GUILLEMOT (Uria grylle, Linn.).

Green Island—[December 6th, young Black Guillemot
received in flesh. |

1888] IRISH COAST 51

RAZORBILL and GUILLEMOT (Alca torda, Linn., and
Uria troile, Linn.).

Fasinet.—March 16th, large flocks feeding about all day;
more or less abundant through summer months: 30th, large
numbers of Razorbills feeding in morning. ‘November 28th, a
flock of Razorbills going S.E.

Mine Head.—January 29th, “ young Razorbills” numerous on
water. June 18th, Guillemots and Razorbills about.

LIneifer Shoals Light-ship—December 16th, “ Murs” about
all day.

Howth Baily—May 10th, one Razorbill [Possibly Manx
Shearwater.—R. M. B.] disabled striking at midnight, but
- recovered and flew away ; calm, clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.— Young Razorbills plentiful in
September, October, and November; saw two with their young
one. November 8th, Razorbill found killed.
Innishtrahull—April 7th and 8th, numbers of Guillemots and
Razorbills fishing near island. June 16th, numbers of Guilie-
mots in vicinity of island.

Aranmore—February 21st, numbers of Guillemots about
cliffs all day. March 8th, Razorbills in flocks all day.
April 20th, Guillemots and Razorbills in great numbers in
water. July, Guillemots to be seen daily on cliffs and on water;
they breed here. August, do. less numerous after 22nd.; none
to be seen towards end of month.

Broadhaven—June 16th, twenty Guillemots fishing 1 P.M.
Blackrock, Mayo—March 11th, flocks of “Auks and Razor-
bills” going W. during day; cloudy, passing showers, strong
breeze N.W.

Tearaght.—January 29th, Guillemots arrived. March 4th,
_ Razorbills arrived.

Skelligs—January 30th, Guillemots first landed on rock.
March 3rd, Razorbills do. December 19th, young Razorbill
feeding.

PurrFin (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).
Fastnet—March 16th, large flocks seen all day. More or less
abundant through summer months. October 30th, dead bird

found on rock, supposed killed by hawk. [Leg and wing of
_ Puffin received.]

52 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

>

Dunree Head.—August 29th, twenty-five going W. Sep-
tember 25rd, great numbers going W.; weather gloomy, hght
breeze 8.8. W.

Blackrock, Mayo—April 26th, a few Puffins on rock during
day; first appearance this year; clear, light breeze N.E.
October 21st, upwards of twenty Puffins going 8.; wind N.E.:
23rd to 28th, Puffins going S$.

Slyne Head, S—March Ist, flocks going N. all day: 20th,
flocks going W.: 27th, 28th, 30th, 31st, great numbers going
N.; snow on 27th and 28th, with rising wind. April Ist,
Puffins from daylight to noon: 2nd, Puffins going N.: 4th, do.
all day, fifty to one hundred in each flock: 6th, do., not numerous:
7th, Puffins in flocks going N. all day: 8th, flocks going N. all
day, one flock going 8.: 9th, numbers going N.: 10th, do.: 11th,
12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th, do.

Arran Island, N—April 28th, flocks going N. all day.
June 3rd, large flocks going N. all day.

Tearaght.—March 29th, several on water. April 5th, Puffins
came on rock in large numbers. November Ist, about twelve
going S.

Skelligs—March 27th, Puffins first landed on rock.

“GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.”

Aranmore.—December, seen daily.

Rathlin OBirne—November 15th, one seen under cliff,
remained about five days; first ever seen here; hail, moderate
gale S.W.

Broadhaven.—May 20th, three observed.

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
Suae (P. graculus, Linn.).

Fastnet—March 17th, four large brown Cormorants seen:
more or less abundant through summer months: 20th, two
large Green Cormorants fishing at noon: 26th, two Brown
Cormorants on rock. May oth and 23rd, four to eight. Decem-
ber 20th, one “ White-breasted Cormorant” on rock.

Mine Head.—F¥ebruary 6th, three dozen Cormorants about
all day.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—One to two at intervals from January
to May.

1888] IRISH COAST 53

Dunree Head—{One or two dozen Cormorants are reported
to have been seen every week or two from January to Decem-
ber at this station. The light-keeper says: “These Cormorants
come to the Head every evening, and go away every morning
to feed.”—R. M. B.]

Aranmore—April 20th, Cormorants in great numbers on
rocks and water. July, seen daily; they breed here. August,
seen regularly.

Broadhaven.—April 27th, fifty Cormorants Solita 30th,
twenty Green Cormorants.

Blackrock, Mayo.— October 23rd to 28th, Cormorants about
rock,

Slyne Head, S—March, “some Cormorants here all months.”

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

_ Fastnet—February 27th to March 9th, large flocks going
N.W. daily. May 23rd, several flocks going N.W., “about one-
third were last year’s birds.” June 13th, twenty-five, four last
year’s birds, going W. July 12th, numbers flying W. all day.
August 14th, numbers fishing about rock. October 16th, three
do.: 17th, four do.
Coningbeg Light-ship—January, several seen. February, a
few.
Barrels Rock Light-ship.—December 9th, three going W.
Tuskar—October 21st, ten about rock.
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—F¥ebruary 10th, several flocks
going N.K. 2.20 a.m. [p.M. ?], flying low: 11th, one flock going
_ N.E.: 16th, several do.: 27th and 28th, several; all these birds
recorded as going N.E. March 26th, two flocks going N.E.
_ April 5th, two flocks going N.E.: 6th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 12th,
16th, flocks going N.E., all flying low. December 11th, several
going N.E., flying very low: 12th and 15th, flocks of Gannets
going N.E.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 2nd, eight Gannets
‘going N.E.: 26th, four birds going N.E. October 11th, 13th,
and 15th, three to six do.
_ Arklow South Light-ship—March 24th, several Gannets
going N.E., flying low. April. 26th, seven going N.E, July
16th, two is September 27th, flock going N.E.
Arklow North Light-ship—F¥ebruary 22nd, several case

54 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888

going N.E. at noon; gale E., snow. March 29th, several flocks
going N. April 8th, several flocks going N.E. May 13th, eight —
Gannets going 8.W.: 20th, flocks going N.E. and 8.W.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 14th, five Gannets going N.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 1st, Gannets are to be seen __
every month since I came here; plentiful in September. ’

Dunree Head.—July 2nd, Gannets going S.

Aranmore.—July, Gannets seen every day. August, do.

Blackrock, Mayo.—January 29th, about thirty going N.: from
1st February till 1st March there was a constant migration, all
going N.: after 1st March very few observed going N., but
they remained fishing round locality. October 21st and 22nd,
Gannet about rock all day: “Small Gulls and Gannets when
passing all go S. direction.” |

Slyne Head, S—January 9th, Gannets going N. all day at
intervals: 13th, Gannets in numbers going N. all day. February
8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, numbers going N. at intervals
all day: 13th, do.; not so numerous. March 1st, numbers
going N. as the preceding days: 12th, numbers going N. all :
day: 19th, do.: 20th, do.: 27th, great numbers going N. all #
day: 28th, 29th, 30th, April Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, and 8th, do.: —
9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th, a few going N. all
day.

Arran Island, N—June 8th, flocks fishing round rock all
day.

Tearaght.—February 2nd, Gannets (old birds) going N. from
daylight to 2 p.m.: 3rd, do.: 17th, do. March 14th, Gannets
going N. (old birds). October 1st, some Gannets round rock all
day.

Skelligs—February 22nd, Gannets first landed on Little
Skellig.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Mine Head.—February 13th, two passing to the S.; great fall
of snow. April 8th, one passing N.E.
. Copeland (Mew) Island—October 1st, three or four Herons
are frequently seen on the marshy flats of this island.

Rathlin O Birne—February 3rd, “three Cranes” going W.;
came back again in a few days.

Broadhaven.—April 13th, Heron observed; very numerous at
all times.

1888] IRISH COAST 55

“ GEESE.”

Incifer Shoals Light-ship. — December 19th, a flock of
“ Barnacles”” too numerous to count going N.W. at 3 PM;
sometimes very low, and then rising in a body; clear, wind
strong 8.S.W.

St John’s Point, Down.—October 24th, ten Brent Geese going
S.W. at 9 A.M.; wind moderate 8.W.: 30th, twenty going S.W.
at 12.30 p.m. December 3rd, flock Brent Geese going S.W.

Innishtrahull—January 6th, two Wild Geese going S.W.:
12th, two on island: 13th, two going N.E. October 13th,
11.30 am. twenty-one Brent Geese going 8.W.; drizzling
rain, strong breeze N.: 31st, 12 PM, six Barnacle Geese
going W.

Aranmore.— January 16th, large flocks of “Barnacles ”
feeding on island all day. Barnacles remain here all winter;
_ they arrive in November and leave in the middle of May.
_ May 13th, Barnacles still on island. September 10th, twenty-
_ four Barnacles going 8. The Barnacles remain on island till
_ late in spring, and may be observed daily; flocks of eighty and
- more are frequently to be seen. October, Barnacles to be seen
daily.

Rathlin O Birne. — January 10th, one Barnacle observed ;
stayed until 18th, “having lost the flock.” March 2nd, Barnacles
were observed migrating on November 3rd going 8., and
have not been seen passing since on return northwards. October
3rd, five Barnacles going S.W.; one shot by keeper: 18th, three
Barnacles returned to mainland. November 28th, 11 A.M., three
“Wild Geese” going 8.W.; “seldom seen here”: 30th, Barnacles
going $.W. 9 A.M.; one shot by keeper.

Slyne Head, S——March 19th, fifteen Barnacles stopped on
rocks all day: 24th, three flying round. November 27th,
eleven Barnacles going E.

Arran Island, N—November 27th, 3 pP.M., twelve Wild
Geese going N.E. ; two do. going 8.

ScauP (Fuligula maria, Linn.).

Innishtrahull,—October 15th, one “ Pochard shot, supposed
to be a male,” at 1 P.M. in creek on island; wind moderate W.
clear. [Leg and wing of Scaup received.]

56 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1888 _

c - -
Common ScoTEeR (Hdemia nigra, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.— February 5th, “specimen of
Duck,” struck the lantern at~10.30 p.m, flying in a SE.
direction ; wind moderate W., and clear at the time. [Skin of
immature Scoter received. ]

SURF ScoTER (Hdemia perspicillata, Linn.).

Fasinet.—November 5th, “shot a species of Duck or Widgeon
in Crookhaven Harbour.” [Immature male Surf Scoter received
in flesh. ]

“ DUCKS.”

Coningbeg Lnght-ship.—April 5th, two “Wild Ducks” going
N.N.E. at 6 AM.

Tuskar—November 4th, six “Ducks” going 8.E.: 20th,
three Scoters swimming abvut rock: 21st, four Scoters swimming
about all day. “These birds answer the description given
of ‘Scoter’ in Morris’s ‘ British Birds.”- I have never seen
them before.” . .

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 17th, flock of Black Ducks
flying low in line 10.30 am. December 27th, one flock of
Ducks going N.W.

Arklow North Lnght-ship.—August 9th, flock of Ducks flying
E. noon; weather cloudy, calm. September 19th, flock of
Ducks going E. October Ist, six Ducks going E.: 30th, large
flock of Ducks going N.; showers, gale 8.W.

St John’s Point, Down.—October 18th, two flocks of Widgeon
going W. at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze 8. November 8th, flock of
Widgeon going 8.W. at 8.20 AM.; strong gale S.E. December
3rd, several pair Mergansers about shore during day; gale
S.W., overcast, rain: 7th, large- flock Widgeon going W.: 16th,
flock of Pochards going 8.W.

Maidens South—April 8th, “I particularly wish to state
that during the months of October, November, and December
1888, great flocks of what I call White-breasted Divers passed
the rock, as a rule always flying to windward; they closely
resemble Wild Duck.—B, SOLE.”

Rathlin O'Birne—January 20th, 9 A.M, three Wild Duck

1888] IRISH COAST 57

(Teal) on large pool. November Ist, do.; left on 5th, and
returned on 18th.

Blackrock, Mayo.—February 28th, 10.30 A.m., large flock of
Widgeon going N.

Slyne Head, N.—November 1st, two Teal Duck (male and
female) struck lantern at 3 A.M., breaking a pane of glass N.

side; strong wind, showery and squally. They were sent by
_ keeper to Irish Lights Office.

BrirRpS Not IDENTIFIED.

Fastnet—May 22nd, 6 P.M, “a strange bird (species un-
known) on rock for a few minutes, then left for shore; weather
clear, light breeze N.W. About size of a Dove, but shaped
like a Gull; very small head. Colour—head and neck, light
brown; breast, grey ; back, black; most of tail white; could not
see if it was web-footed or not; it flew something like a
Hawk ”—[Possibly a Sand Grouse.—R. M. B.]. October 10th,
2 P.M., one small bird (species unknown) about rock, “size and
shape of House Swallow, but tail not so forked; head, breast,
back, and tail black, underneath dull white”; weather clear,
light breeze N.

Arannore.—June 27th, “observed a strange bird near station,
of handsome plumage; could not discern the colours; in size
and mode of flying resembled a Magpie; flew northwards
6 AM.; misty.”

Arran Island, N.—December 4th, several small birds—“ about
the size of a Lark, with reddish head, black and grey spotted
wings, white breast, yellow legs, tail rather long—about station
all day. I never saw any like them.”

Tearaght.—October 27th, 11 A.M., “one small bird with yellow
tail.”

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60 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
33 3
5% E
8 a3 Remarks 2 ES

List oF Lignt STATIONS. a Be on 25 6 Names of Observers.
22% Schedules. 2 5 &
5 at eo $
o ia
ice] =
2)

1
ibHastnet. "Com onkarenesercctans 4 2 excellent. x o 8 Nedra
3. Old Head, Kinsale, Co. Cork, 2 9 good. x x — F, Ryan.
3a.Spit Bank, do., 1 0 good. o x — George Dunleavy.

4. Mine Head, Waterford,.......... 1 0 good. x o — Henry Williams.
5. Dungarvan, Os oe eevaccaet 1 1 poor. o x - H. Higginbotham.
: qd Wi
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 5 4 excellent. x x 10 . Gyieatle,
7. Tuskar Rock, do., 3 8 excellent. x 7 J. M. Leary.
; : James Byrne and
7a. Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do., 1 4 good. xe oY) Michael Avece
7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do., 1 4 good. x o 6 P.KingandJ. Murphy,
8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 3 23 very good. x x 7 Pee a
8.* Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 2 0 very good. x x 8 William Daly.
10. Kish Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin,... 1 2 good. o x 7 Michael Cunniam.
12. Rockabill, do., . 5 12 excellent. x x 5 eon 5 and
; P Thomas Cooney and
126. South Rock Lt.-ship, Down, ... 2 5 very good. x x 3 Henry Thoma
13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ... 5 13 excellent. x x 3 oan and Jama
14.*Maidens South, Antrim,......... 5 18 excellent. x x 5 B Soleand J. Kelly.
Patrick Keenan and
14. - INonihy sido eesseece: 1 1 poor. Xx ae Richard Hamiltanl
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 3 10 excellent. x x 6 M. J. Kennedy.
i/o iunres Heady yr dos, st -..e- ens 1 0 poor. x o -— Jervis Brownell.
20. Aranmore, dona scence: 1 0 good. o x 5 Thomas Fortune.
wi aS J Macginley and-
21. Rathlin O’Birne, do.,__......... 2 3 good. > ee Oa ae Tose ‘
‘ : : d J.
22. Killybegs, Ong Sicaneets 1 0 good, me xk Le a .
24. Broadhaven, Mayo,............... 1 0 poor. x o - John Murray.
Cie blackrocks) GOs, seamrcecenen ere 2 2 very good. x x 9 Richard Widdicombe.
31. Slyne Head, S., Galway 4 danvery eoode es ae D’Arey and F,
> Biya Waletiainbinainrs ry g P (Maguire.
32. Arran Island, N., do., ......... 1 0 good. x o 9 Bs Eee and
34. Arran Island, S., do., ......... 1 7 good. x o 6 W. Morgan.
37, Tearaght, Kerry, ...........0:0600 W. H. James and Ben-
tke. sre , Kerry 5 16 excellent. x x | jamin Jeffers.
SNS) Gill Se Cc: a oe ae ee 1 0 good. X 0 9 James Walsh.
Wicklow Head sent 2 specimens. r.

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 159.

o=No reply.

Spring, replies received from 25 stations,

x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.

Autumn, replies received from 19 stations.

Species.

ine Falcon,

three, .

s o ’ : ‘
heatear, three, .

.

five,

three, .

IRISH COAST

Legs, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received.

Ree’d. in flesh,

ti el’s Eggs, three, sale

9

”

Leg and wing,
Wing,

Leg and wings,

Leg and wing,

33
in flesh,
?

Leg and wing,

Rec’d.

Le)
LB)

2)

Ree’d. in flesh, {

Legsand wings,
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,
Legs and wings,
Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh, {

Legs, wings, tail {

a9

2?

Leg and wing,

29

How Procured.

Shot, .
From nest on
cliff, ;

Date.
10/ 2 mo.,
\19/ 6 mo.,

Ree’d. in flesh, Prob. shot, Rec’d. 20/10 mo.,

Shot, . 13/12 mo.,
Caught at }
lantern, * aca
Killed st... 26/10 mo.,
ie 23/ 2mo,
2 2/2/89,
Shot, . 20/10 mo.,
Killed st., 26/10 mo.,
+ . 14/10 mo.,
4 19/10 mo.,
5 . 20/10 mo.,
Deadondeck, ?/ 4 mo.,
Fs F 18/11 mo.,
Killed st., 15/11 mo.,
a 26/10 mo.,
» . 3/10 mo.,
Caught st... 3/10 mo.,
Disabled st., 19/ 4 mo.,
Caught in \ 20/ rey
garden, .
Killed st., 28/ 3 mo.,
“a 14/ 5 mo.,
" 1 4b moen
2 Ree’d. 4/ 9 mo.,
Killed st., 2/ 5 mo.,
5 . — ofa moss
Dead ondeck, 7/ 4 mo.,
Caught and
ftir ee SE Es
Caught at } o}- dimes.
lantern, .

Died on board, 21/ 4 mo.,

Killed ag’nst

rigging, .
Dead on deck
Killed st.,

Found dead,

LPs

} 28) 3 mo,

, 23/ 4 mo.,

19/ 8 mo.,
28/ 4 mo.,
4/ 8 mo.,
6/ 9 mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

61

Name of Station.
Slyne Head, 8S.
Wicklow Head.

Blackrock, Mayo.
Rathlin O Birne.
Rockabill.

Tuskar.*
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

” 9

Tearaght.
Tuskar.
Maidens 8S.

9°

Blackwater BankLt.-Sh.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Maidens 8.

Tuskar.

Maidens S.
Innishtrahull.

Fie

Rockabill.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arran Island, S.
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

South Rock Lt.-ship.

be)

Maidens 8S.
Arran Island, 8.
Old Head, Kinsale.

9 22

[1889

Name of Station.

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arran Island, S.

Copeland (Mew) Island.

Old Head, Kinsale.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabiil.

Copeland (Mew) Island.

22 a?

Arran Island, 8.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Maidens S.
Innishtrahuil.

Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Rockabill.

Blackrock, Mayo.
Tearaght.

Kinsale.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Kish Bank Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull. -

Arran Island, 8.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Maidens S.

Tearaght.

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

”
Maidens S.

Slyne Head, S.

62 MIGRATION OF BIRDS
>
Lecs, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.
Species. How Received. How Procured. Date.
Sedge Warbler, Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., 3/ 5 mo.,
_ ,, three, 43 3 . 14/ 5mo.,
rs 5 Leg and wing, aS . 4/5 mo.,
a », two, Rec’d, in flesh, x ea 9 Oss
2 ” ” 29 - 22/ 5 mo.,
Grasshopper
Warbler, . e td eS
Whitethroat, Legandwing, Shot, . 17/ 7 mo.,
An Rec’d.inflesh, Killedst., . 14/ 5mo.,
a Leg and wing, 53 . 4/5mo.,
” 23 oe) : 5/ 4 mo.,
x Ree’d. in flesh, 2 . 7/5mo.,
x Leg and wing, 2 Ree’d. 4/ 9 mo.,
ey 3 Killed st., 21/ 5 mo.,
Willow Wren, Rec’d. in flesh, ) brob;.4// bimes
is is . lLegand wing, Fi 2 = 4) Demos.
Ls 5, two, Rece’d. in flesh, 2 . + ho m0 se
os 55 Leg and wing, Caught, 19/ 8 mo.,
5 AS Pe Caught st... 5/ 5mo.,
Chiffchaff, Ree’d. in flesh, Killed, 8/ 4mo.,
Pf Leg and wing, Dead on deck, 7/ 4mo.,
ss Bs Killed st., 11/ 4 mo.,
Wren,. Rec’d. in flesh, Found dead, 2/2/89,
ae ot “ 2 . 15/10/89 2
Golden-crested Wren, ee At lantern, . 26/ 9 mo.,
a a5 o Killed st., 9/ 4 mo.,
s% ,, Legand wing, Caught, 30/10 mo.,
. 5 ies Caught st., . 12/ 9 mo.,
s ,, Ree’d.inflesh, Disabled, 19/ 9 mwo.,
Great Titmouse, . Leg and wing, Caught, 14/10 mo.,
Meadow-Pipit, a Killed st., 11/ 4 mo.,
BS 9 $5 ,, Prob. 11/ 4 mo.,
”9 ” ” ” . 22/10 mo.,
Rock-Pipit, . Ss Killed on rock, 20/10 mo.,
Skylark, a Killed st., 26/10 mo.,
:, vate: a re ey
5, pale variety, Rec’d. in flesh, Deadondeck, 16/11 mo.,
P Leg and wing, Killed st., 26/ 9 mo.,
. : a a . 380/ 9mo.,
,, three, - 4 . 8/10 mo.,
A =a = . 16/10 mo.,
ty 0 z . 28/10 mo.,
9 ‘ < Found dead, 28/ 8 mo.,
Snow Bunting, Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, . 19/ 9 mo.,

%? 9

Leg and wing,

Caught ondeck,11/10 mo.,

Kinsale.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

1889] IRISH COAST 63

Legs, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

ow Bunting, . Rec’d.inflesh, Shot, . . 27/ 3mo., Slyne Head, 8S.
oF . Legandwing, Killedst., . 17/5mo., _,, oe
ne . Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, . . 28/ 4mo., Tearaght.
& ae in flesh, \ 3 30/ 5 mo., é
in spirits,
;. ‘', Rec'd. in flesh, ue . 20) 9mo., +
orn Bunting, . Rec'd. in flesh, 3 . 1/7 mo., Innishtrahull.

Chaffinch, . . Legand wing, Killed st., . 26/10 mo., Tuskar.
two, . Rec'd.inflesh, Shot, . . 15/10 mo., Tearaght.
ambling, . : 3 Dead on deck, 28/12 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Caught in )
House Sparrow, . it light-house 4/12 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
kitchen, . {
a . Legand wing, Killedbydog, 1/ 6 mo., Slyne Head, 8.
Greenfiach, young, Rec’d. in flesh, 2 2/10 mo., Tearaght.
: Leg and wing, 2 19/10 mo., 3
Goldfinch, . . Wing, . . Found, . 15/10 mo., Old Head, Kinsale.
‘Siskin, . . Ree’'d.inflesh, Killed st., . 26/10 mo., Puskar.
Mealy Redpole, . 5 Shot, . . 19/ 9mo., Tearaght.
“Twite, young, . Legandwing, Killed, St ene
‘Starling, d - Killed st., . 26/10 mo., Tuskar.
=, ; Wing, . ’ a 2/2/89, <Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
; “A i . Legand wing, Killed st., . 23/ 2mo., a Fi
4 : : # - » 18/11 mo., Maidens S.
: ? ; : 5 3 . 19/9 mo., Arran Island, S.

iy ; : re Found killed, 19/10 mo., Tearaght.

——,. . ie Shot, . . 29/ 7 mo., Innishtrahuil.
House-Martin, ; Bs Killed st., . 4/ 5mo., Rockabill.
Sand-Martin, : 5 Picked up dead,19/ 4 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
“Swift, . 3 . Rec'd. in flesh, Foundstunned,31/ 7 mo., Fastnet.

aa 5 ? 7/ 8 mo., Wicklow Head.
Cuckoo, . p 5 Killed st., . 5/5 mo., Rockabill.

a ; : 5 aba = 3/ 5mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
"Rock Dove, . . Legand wing, Shot, . . 27/ 8mo., Fs ”
“Turtle Dove, : Core Rec'd. 5/ 9 mo., Fastnet.

s rs ¢ a Shot, . . 19/ 8mo., Old Head, Kinsale.

" — . Leg, wing, tail, Picked up, . 25/ 5 mo., Tearaght.
Corn-Crake, . Rec'd, in flesh, Founddisabled, 6/ 5 mo., Maidens S.

Picked up at
” : A Feathers, Hawks’ 8/ 6 mo., Zearaght.
feeding-place
Water-Rail, . Ree’d,inflesh, Killedst., . 5/9 mo., Rathlin O’Birne.
Moor-Hen, . : wi Disabled st., 10/ 4 mo., South Rock Lt.-ship.

Coot, . : . Legand wing, Killed st., . 26/10 mo., Dungarvan.

64

Species.

Turnstone, .

Grey Phalarope, .

Woodcock,
Snipe,
29

Jack Snipe, .
Dunlin,

Knot, two, .

Redshank, .
Whimbrel, .

9)

” v
Common Tern,
Arctic Tern,

Manx Shearwater,

Le} 39

Storm Petrel,

4? ed

Little Grebe,
Wigeon,

Common Scoter, .

MIGRATION

LEGS, WINGS,

OF BIRDS
>

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received. How Procured. Date.
Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, . 10/ 3 mo.,
Fe Disabled st., 1/11 mo.,
Wing, Killed st., 26/10 mo.,
Leg and wing, 93 . 6/ 4mo.,
be Killed, 2/ 5 mo.,
sane Dead on
Ree’d. in flesh, } 2/10 mo.,
_ balcony, .
. Caught on
Leg and wing, deck hig mo.,
Rec’d. in flesh, Bogen 2/10 mo.,
balcony, . :
Leg and wing, Shot, . 20/ 8 mo.,
35 Killed st., 2/ 9 mo.,
5 Shot, . . 26/ 7 mo.,
i wn 2) = Sas mo.,
Ree’d. in flesh, ee 2 » > Aigo
Skin, sang & 19/ 9 mo.,
Leg and wing, Killed st., . 22/ 5 mo.,
<3 es . 23/ 5 mo.,
tg ‘, . 80/ 8 mo.,
Caught in”
i rabbit trap, SP pam
Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., 16/11 mo.,
Leg and wing, 90 . 19/10 mo.,
Tongue and wing, a 2/11 mo.,

Name of Station.

Innishtrahull.
Slyne Head, S
Innishtrahull.

99
Arran Island, S.
Slyne Head, S.

Kish Bank Lt.-ship.

Slyne Head, S.

bed ”
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.
Slyne Head, 8.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Old Head, Kinsale.

Slyne Head, S.
Rathlin O Birne.
Tearaght.

Slyne Head, S.
Maidens 8.
Maidens N.

Birds not identified,
Blackbird, .
Blackeap, .
Brambling,
Bullfinch,
Bunting,
i, Snow, .
S Yellow,
Chaffinch,
Chiffchaff, .
Chough,
Coot, .
~ Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,
Curlew,
Dipper, .
Diver, Great Northern,
Ducks, :
Dunlin,
Eagles,
Fieldfare, . :
Flycatcher, Red- breasted,
55 Spotted,
Gannet, :
General Observations,
** Geese,” . :
Golden- rete Woron
Goldfinch, . ;
Grasshopper Warbler,
Great Titmouse, . ;
Grebe, Little,
Greenfinch,
Guillemot, .
Gulls, :
** Hawks,”
Heron,
Jackdaw,
Kestrel,
Knot,
_**Linnets,”’
Magpie, ;
Manx Shearwater,
Martin, House, .
Sand,
Mealy Redpole, .
Missel-Thrush,
Oyster-Catcher, .
_ Peregrine Falcon,
-Petrel, Fork-tailed,
: - Storm,
Phalarope, Grey,

IRISH COAST |

INDEX.

123 | Pigeons, .
73 | Plover, Genaad 5: ;

80 », Green,
90 | Puffin,
23 | Raven,

88 | Razorbill,
87 | Redshank, .
89 | Redstart, Black,
89 Be Common,
81 | Redwing, .
96 | Ringed Dotterel,
104 | Ring-Ouzel,
118 | Robin,
103 | Rock Dove,
97 | Rock-Pipit,
101 | Rook,
110 | ‘‘Sand Larks,”’
68 | Sandpiper, Purple,
118 | Scoter, Common,
122 | Sedge Warbler, .

108 Shag,
66 | Shearwater, Mant,
72 | Siskin,
68 Skuas,

68 | Skylark,

119 | Snipe, Common,

123 7 y. Jack;

121 | Sparrow, F
81 oe Hedge,
91 | Starling,

80 | ‘‘Stonechat,”
83 | Swallow,

118 | Swift,

91 | Tern, Arctic,

116 ,, Common, .
113 | Terns,

66 | Thrush,

121 | Titlark,

OO eo Rts.

66 | Turnstone,
108 | Turtle Dove,

92 | Twite,

99 | ‘* Wagtails,”
115 | Water-Hen,
101 | Water-Rail,
101 | Wheatear, .

92 | Whimbrel,

68 | Whinchat,.
106 | Whitethroat,

66 | Wigeon,

115 | Willow Wren,
116 | Woodcock,
107 | Wren,

65

66 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

EAGLES.

Aranmore.—May 4th, a large Eagle and two Falcons hover-
ing over the station. “This Eagle had a white band on the tail
and white ball [?band.—R. M. B.] on each wing.—THOMAS
FORTUNE.”

PEREGRINE FALcon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Slyne Head, S—F¥ebruary 10th, Hawk shot at 10 aM.; “saw
it lift a Puffin out of the sea.” [Female Peregrine Falcon
received in flesh.]

KESTREL (Falco tannunculus, Linn.).

Wicklow Head—June 12th, “three Hawk’s eggs sent:
obtained from their nests in a steep cliff.” [Kestrel’s eggs
received. |

HAWES.

Mine Head.—March 20th, one going E.: 26th, two going
S.W. April 4th, one going N.E. May 3rd, two going S$.

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 22nd, one on the ship. Gulls
were chasing this bird.

Tuskar Rock.i—May 24th, one Hawk on the rock. June
18th, one Hawk going towards land at sunrise. October 16th,
one large Hawk on the rock. November 3rd, one Hawk on the
rock.

Rockabill—April 10th, one Falcon, very large: 26th, one
going W. July 29th, one large black Hawk chasing the Sea-
fowl; flew towards land. August 13th, one Falcon on the rock ;
flew W. November 23rd, one Sparrow Hawk going W. at
noon. “I have caught a Sparrow Hawk in a ship’s rigging
600 miles from the nearest land, and small birds, such as
Linnets and Sparrows, 200 and 300 miles off—Joun Hamitton.”
[Where ?—R. M. B.]

South Rock Light-ship—August 21st, one Sparrow Hawk
rested on the ship for one hour, and flew N.W. September
28th, one Sparrow Hawk flew to land.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 31st, a Sparrow Hawk
flying E. November 3rd, Sparrow Hawk seen: 20th, one
Sparrow Hawk seen in the morning: 23rd, one on the island:

9) ical tien Dias dele, be ie A

“

1889] IRISH COAST 67

24th, a Sparrow Hawk about the island. December 14th and
15th, a Sparrow Hawk flying about.

Maidens South—May 28th, one Hawk rested on the rock
for about an hour, and flew S.

Innishtrahull.—March 15th, one Merlin Hawk on the island.
April 6th, one Merlin Hawk: 23rd, 30th, and May 11th, do.
July 31st and August 9th, one Merlin. September 23rd, two
Buzzards hovering over the island at 1 P.M.; wind light S.E.,
clear.

Aranmore.—Falcon and Sparrow Hawk always about this
station.

Rathlin O' Birne—April 1st, one Hawk on the island, killed
a Seapie. July 15th, two Hawks on island, larger than the
Hawks previously observed.

Broadhaven.—Sparrow Hawks often observed at this station.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 19th, one Falcon round the rock.
April 5th, one Falcon Hawk about the rock in the morning,
and also all day on the 6th April: 28th, two Falcons about
all day. May 20th, three Falcons flying about the rock.
November 15th, one Fantail Falcon on the rock: 17th,
two Falcons about the rock.

Slyne Head, S—March 20th, one Falcon. April 7th, one
Goshawk on the island at 11 aMm.; wind light E., gloomy:
10th, a large dark-brown Hawk on the island: 30th, two
Common Hawks on the island.

Arran Island, N—April 11th, one Sparrow Hawk (first
noticed this season). May 7th, one White Falcon (supposed)
pitched on dwelling, and afterwards flew N.E. at 5 p.M.; wind
light S., rain. “This bird was larger than the Common Hawk,
with white body and wings, and a slate-coloured back. It seemed
to be very fatigued, and was followed by a number of small
birds—Joun O'DONNELL.” [Probably a Hen Harrier.—
R. M.B.] May 8th, one Hawk going E. at 6 P.M.

Tearaght.—February 24th, one brown Hawk on the island.
March 9th, three Peregrine Falcons over the rock. April 24th
and 25th, a pair of Peregrine Falcons all day. May 3rd, one
small brown Hawk: 24th, one Kestrel about. September Ist,
two Kestrels all day: 15th, one Kestrel and one Peregrine
about all day: 18th, one Peregrine. October 2nd, one Merlin
about during the day: 4th, one Sparrow Hawk about all day.

68 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

December 4th, one Peregrine all day on the rock. A Peregrine
Hawk was observed to attack a large Herring Gull and kill it,
and take it up the island.

Bull Rock.—Hawk seen during fog on night of July 28th.

SpoTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Tuskar Rock—August 30th, one “Flycatcher” on rock all

day.
Blackrock, Mayo.—October 20th, one Spotted Flycatcher—
[Received in flesh]. “I knew it was a Flycatcher of some sort,

as I saw it catching flies; I saw another like it the same day
with a red breast.—RicHARD WIDDICOMBE.” [Possibly a Red-
breasted Flycatcher.—R. M. B.]

“ RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER.”

Fastnet—March 2nd, “one Pied Flycatcher remained two
days on the rock; I observed it closely. It was much darker
than the ordinary Pied Flycatcher; it had.a dull-red breast,
resembling a young Grey Linnet; perhaps it may have been a
Red-breasted Flycatcher; it kept low down on the rock in
pursuit of flies; sky clear, wind moderate 8.S.E.—GEORGE
DUNLEAVY.”

WATER-OUZEL or Dipper (Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.).

Rathlin O' Birne—December 13th, Water-Ouzel shot—
[Received in flesh]. “This bird was for some weeks on the
island, and was very shy; it used to resort to a little pool of
water, wading through it.”

MisseL-Turusi (Zurdus viscivorus, Linn.).

Rockabili—March 6th, a bird caught at lantern at 9.30 P.M. ;
wind E., heavy rain—[Missel-Thrush received in flesh]. One
Wheatear caught at same time, and let go; flew towards shore.

Aranmore.—April 27th, “Nest of Missel-Thrush found near
the station, with eggs hatched, a few days ago; the old birds
are a very fine pair; they are the first I have ever met with;
the foundation of the nest was sticks and heather lined with
wool and moss.—THoMAS FORTUNE.”

F 1889] IRISH COAST 69

THRUSH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale.—October 21st, a large rush of Thrushes,
Redwings, Blackbirds, Starling, and Chaffinches; thunder and
lightning.

— Spit Bank.—December 30th, numbers observed on shore for
the last month.

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 25th, flocks about light.
November 16th, some about light (see under Blackbird).

Tuskar Rock.—October 3rd, eight round the light: 26th, two
round the light—[Leg and wing received]; great rush of other
birds (see under Siskin). November 2nd, three all night
round the lantern; gale E.: 12th, six Thrushes at light at 10
P.M. December Ist, two do.: 3rd and 8th, two or three all day
on rock.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 1st, Thrushes, Black-
birds, and Starling killed striking; snow.

Arklow South Light-ship—February 22nd and 23rd, several
Starling and Thrushes about the light—[Leg and wing of
Thrush received]. October 25th, several Thrushes and Stares
about the lantern; some killed, fell overboard; wind light E.: 26th,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks about the light; some killed,
fell overboard; wind fresh E., gloomy: 28th, Thrushes and Stares
at lantern; Thrush killed. November 11th, Thrushes and
Stares about the light ; wind light E.N.E., hazy: 14th, Thrushes ~
and Stares do.; wind light W.S.W., hazy; some killed: 18th,
Thrushes struck lantern; wind light S., haze—[Wing received,
undated]. December 14th, several Thrushes about light ;
wind moderate W.S.W., misty, rain; four killed.

Arklow North Light-ship—F¥ebruary 10th, Thrushes and
Stares about the ship and flying N.W.; eight killed; gale
N.E.: 22nd, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Larks, and Starlings about
the light; wind moderate N.; sleet and rain. September 25th
and 26th, Larks, Thrushes, and Starlings about the light;
wind fresh S.W., hazy, rain. October 2nd, 3rd, and 5th,
many land birds about the light; seven Thrushes killed; wind
high, cloudy to rain: 24th, 26th, and 27th, Larks, Stares,
and Thrushes about the lantern; many killed; wind moderate
E., cloudy.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 20th, one on deck: 25th,

70 MIGRATION OF BIRDS - [1889

many Thrushes and Blackbirds about the light; two caught and
three killed. November 11th, five Stares, three Blackbirds, and
two Thrushes about the ship during the morning: 13th, Thrushes
about the light: 17th, several Thrushes and Skylarks about the
lantern ; hazy.

Rockabill—January 11th, two Thrushes killed striking ;
wind fresh from the south. April 7th, one all day about the
rock. September 5th, numbers of Thrushes and other birds this
week (see note under Blackbird). November, great rushes of
Thrushes and other birds (see under Sparrow).

South Rock LInght-ship.—March 8th, one Thrush about the
lantern at 3 a.M.; wind light N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 2nd, Thrushes and Black-
birds striking; breeze strong N.E., misty; one killed: 19th,
Thrushes and Skylarks about the light; fresh gale, clear: 26th,
several Thrushes killed striking. November 3rd, Skylarks and
Thrushes striking lantern; wind S.W., moderate: 13th, Lap-
wings, Starlings, Blackbirds, and Thrushes about all night; fog:
17th, Fieldfares, Thrushes, and Starlings flying through the
rays: 20th, do. (see under Starling). December 28th, Thrushes
and Starlings about the lantern.

Maidens South.—¥ebruary 3rd, Thrushes and Skylarks
about the lantern; left at daybreak for the land; strong
gale N. October 2nd, a number of Thrushes and Starlings
round the lantern from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate
S.W., clear: 3rd, a number of Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks
round the light all night; two Blackbirds and ten Larks killed ;
wind moderate E.: 19th,a Thrush and two Hedge Sparrows
on the rock at 11.30 am.; gale S.E.: 24th, flocks of small
birds like Thrushes and Starlings passing west all day
at intervals; wind N.E., light. November 5th, a flock of
Thrushes and Blackbirds going west: 14th, flocks of Starlings,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and other small birds passing 8.W. at
10.30 a.m.; wind light 8.W. December 21st, several Blackbirds
and Thrushes round the lantern; wind strong S.E.; none
striking.

Maidens North—October 16th and 17th, Thrushes passing
(see under Blackbird).

Innishtrahull—January 7th and 8th, one about each day; gale
S.E. February 22nd, one killed striking : 27th, two Thrushes and

1889] IRISH COAST 71

a Redwing struck the glass (the Thrushes killed); wind fresh
S.E.,snow. March 3rd,two Thrushes and a Blackbird struck the
glass; wind fresh 8.E. July 11th,a Thrush seen. October 3rd,
one caught at the lantern: 20th, numbers of Thrushes and
Redwings striking all night; gale E., hazy; seven Thrushes
killed.

Dunree Head.—January 27th, twenty going E.; wind strong
S.E., clear.

Aranmore.—October 13th, one near station: 19th, two at the
light, disabled.

Rathlin O Birne.-—February 10th to 13th, flocks of Rooks,
Starlings, and Thrushes on the island during snow.

Slyne Head, S—September 30th, two about island. October
20th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Linnets all day on island:
22nd and 23rd, Thrushes all day about the island.

Tearaght.—October 19th, one seen: 20th, twelve—[Leg and
wing received, shot]: 22nd, some. December 4th, Thrushes
and Blackbirds all day on the island; gale S.E.

Skelligs—April 14th, two all day on the rock; wind
light S.E. |

REDWING (Zurdus iliacus, Linn.).

Fastnet—February 27th, one flew into dwelling; caught and
let go.

Old Head, Kinsale-—October 21st, a large rush of Redwings,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, and Chaffinches; night heavy,
thunder and lightning.

Spit Bank.—December 30th, six going 8.W.; “observed for
the last month large numbers of Redwings, Thrushes, Black-
birds, and Fieldfares on shore.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 20th, one “ Mountain
Thrush ” [Possibly Redwing.—R. M. B.] on ship at 9 a.m.

Tuskar Rock—October 26th, two Thrushes round light at
12.30 a.m. [Leg and wing of Redwing and Thrush received] ;
great rush of birds (see under Siskin). November 24th, one
flying towards land. December 29th, three at light.

Rockabill—November, great rushes of Redwings and other
birds (see under Sparrow). December 1st, four on rock all day;
wind S.E., strong, gloomy.

72 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
; >

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 20th, about half a dozen
killed striking ; wind S.E., fresh gale.

Muidens South.—October 14th, numbers of Redwings and
- Skylarks at light ; wind light S.W.; one Redwing killed—[Leg
and wing received]: 17th, flocks of Larks and Redwings passing
west all day; gloomy, wind light S.E.: 19th, several Redwings
and Skylarks round the light; Redwing killed—[Leg and wing
received]; gale S.E.: 20th, two all day on the rock; one killed
at night striking—[Leg and wing received]: 22nd, Skylarks
and Redwings round the lantern during the night ; wind strong
N.E. November 3rd, one Redwing about the rock all day.
December 1st, a flock of Larks and Redwings going west:
27th, two Redwings at the lantern glass at midnight; wind
strong S.E. .

Maidens North.—October 16th and 17th, Redwings passing
(see under Blackbird).

Innishtrahull—February 27th, two Thrushes and a Redwing
struck glass; wind fresh 8.E., snow. April 20th, one “ Moun-
tain Thrush” on island. October 20th, numbers of Thrushes and
Redwings striking all night; gale E., hazy; ten Redwings killed.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, a number of Redwings all the
month about the rock: 23rd, two killed striking. November
14th, one about all day; misty: 15th, two on the rock; wind
strong S., misty to rain: 21st and 24th, one about the rock.

FIELDFARE (Zurdus pilaris, Linn.).

Spit Bank.—December 30th, numbers of Fieldfares observed
on shore during last month (see note under Redwing).

Tuskar Lock.—October 12th, one round the light ali night.
November 21st, one round the lantern at 11 p.m.; gale §.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April [? day], Fieldfare found
dead on deck. [Leg and wing received. ]

Arklow South Lnght-ship.—November 18th, one found dead
on deck; wind light S., haze. [Received in flesh.]

fockabill_—February 22nd, numbers of Fieldfares going W.
at 11 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 13th, Fieldfares round
the lantern; fog: 17th, Fieldfares, Thrushes, and Starlings fly-
ing through the rays: 20th, do. (see under Starling).

1889] IRISH COAST 73

Maidens South.—January 9th, Fieldfares and Starlings about

the light; wind moderate N.W.: 29th, Larks and Fieldfares
- about the lantern; none killed; wind moderate S.W., cloudy.

February 12th, Blackbirds, Fieldfares, and Starlings striking
through the night; none killed; wind moderate W., cloudy: 18th,
Fieldfares and Starlings about the lantern; a Starling killed ;
wind moderate W. November 15th, several Fieldfares round
the light; one killed striking—[Received in flesh]; wind S.W.,
cloudy. December 30th, three Fieldfares going S.W.

Maidens North.—October 16th and 17th, Fieldfares passing
(see under Blackbird).

Innishtrahull— October 20th, five at light all night; gale E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 14th, five all day: 15th, two on
rock; wind strong 8.: 16th, two about rock; wind fresh N.W. ;
misty to rain.

Tearaght.—January 14th, one at 2 pM.; wind strong S.
October 20th, one about rock.

BLACKBIRD (Z'urdus merula, Linn.).

Fastnet.—February 23rd, one female on rock; tlew to shore.

Old Head, Kinsale—October 21st, large rush of Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Starlings, Redwings, and Chaffinches; night heavy,
thunder and lightning.

Spit Bank.—December 30th (see under Redwing).
| Dungarvan.—October 26th, one caught striking, and let go
again.

Coningbeg Light-ship. — October 25th, flocks Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks about light from 9 P.M. to midnight;
many killed and fell overboard; wind moderate E.S.E., gloomy.
November 11th and 12th, some about light: 16th, Blackbirds
and Thrushes about light at night; wind light E., cloudy.

Tuskar Rock.—October 5th, two at light: 6th, one killed
striking: 12th, Blackbirds all night round the lantern: 26th—
[Leg and wing of Blackbird killed striking, received]; great
tush of birds (see Siskin). November 2nd, two at the light:
23rd, two do. December lst, twelve at lantern at 11 P.M:
15th, one on the rock.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—March 1st and 2nd, Blackbirds,
Starlings, and Thrushes killed striking ; snow.

F

74 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Arklow South Light-ship.—October 26th, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
and Stares about lantern; some killed, fell overboard; wind
fresh E., gloomy. November 18th, Blackbirds about the
light.

Arklow North Light-ship. — February 22nd, Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings about the lantern; two Black-
birds killed; sleet and rain. April 8th, Blackbirds, Larks,
and Stares going N.W.; wind fresh N.E.,gloomy; one Blackbird
killed. May 1st, one at lantern. October 18th, three killed
striking; wind moderate S., rain. November 17th, two killed
striking ; wind light 8.W., hazy.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 25th, many Thrushes and
Blackbirds about the light; two caught, and three killed.
November 11th, three Blackbirds about the ship during the
morning.

Rockabill.—January 11th, one killed striking. April 18th,
one hen bird all day on the rock; calm. September 5th, “very
thick weather during past few days, and a great many birds
in consequence—Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, Willow Warblers,
Woodpeckers, Whitethroats, and two Swifts; we caught a fine
Blackbird with a white breast.” November 15th, great rushes
of birds, including Blackbirds, during the last fortnight (see
full note under Sparrow).

South Rock Lnght-ship.—March 8th, one at lantern at 3 A.M.

Copeiand (Mew) Island—July 4th, Blackbirds breed, and
some thirty or forty birds are always on the island. October
2nd, Thrushes and Blackbirds striking at 4 a.M.; breeze strong
N.E., misty: 3rd, one struck at midnight: 25th, Blackbirds
and Starlings striking; strong breeze W., rain: 26th, Black-
birds, Larks, and Starlings about light; strong breeze.
November 13th, a rush of birds this night; Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Starlings, and Lapwings round the light; fog: 25th,
Blackbirds are plentiful on the island now.

Maidens South.—February 12th, Blackbirds, Fieldfares, and
Starlings striking throughout the night; none killed; cloudy,
wind moderate W. July 5th, two Blackbirds on the
rock at sunrise; flew to the W. October 3rd, a number of
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks round the light all night; two
Blackbirds and ten Larks killed; wind moderate E. [Leg and
wing of Blackbird received]: 25th, a Blackbird on the rock

4
>
-

a

1889] IRISH COAST 75

at noon. November 5th, a flock of Thrushes and Blackbirds at
9.50 A.M. going W.: 12th, three Blackbirds on rock at 11 A.m.:
14th, flocks of Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and other small
birds passing S.W. December 21st, several Blackbirds and
Thrushes round the lantern; wind strong S.E.; none striking.

Maidens North The migration of Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Redwings, and Fieldfare passed here on the 16th and 17th
October.”

Innishtrahuil_—January 6th, male and female Blackbirds about
in the forenoon; first seen since the beginning of November;
wind light S.W. March 3rd, two Common Thrushes and a
Blackbird struck the glass; wind fresh S.E. July 11th, one
seen; female. October 3rd, one female Thrush caught striking
—[Leg and wing of Blackbird received]. December 5th, two
Blackbirds at noon.

Avranmore.—October 13th, one near the station: 19th, one at
light, disabled.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 3rd, four on island.

Broadhaven.—Frequently observed at this station.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, two all the month on the rock.
November 14th, one all day: 15th, one on rock: 17th, one:
19th and 20th, two about rock.

Slyne Head, S—September 30th, one all day. October 20th,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Linnets all day on the island: 25th,
one on island.

Tearaght.—October 22nd, several females on rock.

Skelligs—March 3rd, two females on rock.

RinG-OvzEL (Turdus torquatus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—April 9th, “I have been informed by a country-man
that a pair of ‘White Blackbirds’ breed in a wood belonging
to Mr Hungerford, about four miles from our shore dwellings ;
he says they nest there every year, so I presume they must
be Ring-Ouzels.—GEORGE DUNLEAVY.”

Rockabill.—September 5th, a fine Blackbird with a white
breast caught this week.

LInnishtrahull—April 19th, two Ring-Ouzels striking the
glass at midnight; both caught; wind light S.W., rain. [Leg
and wing received. |

76 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

Tearaght.—April 9th, one on rock: 15th, one: 18th, one.
Skelligs—March 24th, one on rock. April 9th, two: 11th,
one.

HEDGE SPARROW (Accentor moduiaris, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 25th, one. December
29th, one.
Maidens South.—October 19th, two on rock.

Rosin (Hrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Tuskar Rock.—September 6th, one at light.

Rockabill_—April 2nd, two have been about the rock for the
past fortnight, and during the winter there is scarcely a day
without a Robin on the rock: 26th, one. August 10th, one
perched on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 23rd, one. November
2nd, one: 25th, one. December 29th, the Robin still on the
island.

Maidens South.—September 4th, one on rock: 5th, one.

Innishtrahull—March 28th, one striking the glass; wind
light W. April 6th, two, and two Chiffchaffs striking ;. wind
strong E., haze.

Arran Island, N.—April 5th, two seen: 9th, one.

Tearaght.—February 8th, one noticed at 11 A.M.

Bull Rock.—One in July.

REDSTART (Lutecilla phenicurus, Linn.).

Rockabill.—April 30th, two all day on the rock; one caught
in a piece of garden netting—[ Received in flesh]; wind 8.E.,
fresh; the other flew W. There was a Black Redstart on the
rock at the time the Redstart was killed. May 5th, one Red-
start on rock (see-under Cuckoo),

BLACK REDSTART (Auticila titys, Scopoli).

Oid Head, Kinsale—February 27th, one close to station.
October 19th, one seen. These birds were observed on and off
until December 27th.

Rockabill—May 1st, one all day on rock.

Tearaght.—November 16th, one on rock.

Skelligs—January 6th, four Redstarts on rock.

— 1889] IRISH COAST 77

“ STONECHAT.”

Tuskar Rock.—August 11th, one all day: 22nd, three all night;
gale N.W.: 28th, 29th, and 30th, Stonechats and Warblers on
the rock every day; left for the shore on the 30th.

Rockabill—< Stonechats build on the rock, and the birds are
very tame.” April 28th, two all day. July 22nd, two rested
at 8AM. August 20th, two on the rock.

South Rock Light-ship—March 28th, two strange birds
killed striking at 5 am. going N.W.; wind light S.W.,
rain—[Stonechat received in flesh; also leg, wing, and tail of
Wheatear]. November 10th, 11th, and 12th, Starlings, “ Stone-
chats,” and Larks about the light each night; wind light S.,
gloomy.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—June 21st, one Stonechat. September
12th, one. October 6th, one. November 13th, Stonechats seen.

Maidens South—April 7th, three. September 15th and 16th,
one: 18th, one all day. October 6th, two.

Rathlin O Birne.—March 22nd, three on the island.

Killybegs. — April 14th, two; they nest and remain till
autumn. October 19th, last seen to-day.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 28th, two struck the lantern at
P.M

Slyne Head, S—April 1st to 7th, several arrived to build.

Arran Island, S—April 26th, Stonechats and Skylarks round
the light all night. May Ist, flocks of Stonechats passing all
night; one killed. [Possibly these were Wheatears, as one was
killed striking on April 28th, and sent as a “ Stonechat.”]

WHINCHAT (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Tuskar Rock.—August 22nd, one.

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 4th, from 10 p.m. to 4 A.M. on
5th, several small birds about lantern; wind light S.E., haze
and rain; six killed striking. [One Whinchat, three Sedge
Warblers, Whitethroat, and Willow Wren received in flesh.]

Rockabill—May 4th, rush of birds during fog (see under
Cuckoo). [Legs and wings of three Whinchats received, killed
striking. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 4th—[Leg and wing of
Whinchat received]. |

78 MIGRATION OF BIRDS. [1889

Blackrock, Mayo.—February 15th to 23rd, a Whinchat (male)
about the rock.

Arran Island, S—May 2nd, strange birds about the light at
night going 8.; wind S., heavy rain; one sent in flesh. [Male
Whinchat received. ]

WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—March 17th, several seen to-day.

Tuskar Rock—May 5th, two on rock at 4 a.M.: 7th, one: 9th,
Wheatears all day on the rock; wind moderate 8.E., overcast :
13th, Wheatears and Warblers on the rock all day; wind light
N., clear. August 7th, one: 18th, several at light; wind light
S.W.: 20th, one all day. December 23rd, one all day on the
rock ; wind moderate S.W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—April 6th, several birds about the
light at 2 am.; three killed striking. [Legs and wings of
Wheatears received. ] |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 7th, several at midnight
going N.W.; eight killed; wind light E.N-E. [Leg and wing
received. | :

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 6th, several small birds about
lantern between midnight and 2 AM.; wind light N.E., hazy;
some struck and caught—[Five Wheatears received in flesh]:
8th, numbers of small birds about light from 1 A.M. to 3 AM;
wind moderate N. to E., light haze: 9th, two small birds caught
at lantern at 3 AM.; wind light N.E., light haze—[Wheatear
received in flesh]: 21st, three birds sent; “had them on board
some days [date of capture not given, possibly 6th]; there were
numbers at light.” [Three Wheatears received in flesh. ]

Rockabill—May 5th, Wheatear caught (see under Missel-
Thrush).

South Rock Light-ship—March 28th, two strange birds
killed striking at 5 am. going N.W.; wind light S.W., rain
—[Legs and wings of Wheatear received; also Stonechat in
flesh]. April 23rd, “Stonechat” found dead on deck at 5 AM.
[Leg and wing of Wheatear received.]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 18th, one; a few remain all
summer. July 10th, one young Wheatear seen.

Maidens South August 19th, small bird, unknown, caught
striking; and two “ Chaffinches,” one struck, at 11.30 P.M. ;

1889] IRISH COAST 79

wind moderate N.E., gloomy, rain—[Legs and wings of Willow
Wren and Wheatear received]. October 11th, six during the
forenoon ; flew in a S.W. direction.

Innishtrahuli—April 19th, one striking at midnight: 30th,
two striking. May 6th, two at light. June 3rd, young .
Wheatears on the island; the birds breed here. August 19th,
two striking at midnight: 30th, two striking the glass at 2 A.M.
September 3rd, one striking, not injured: 27th, two at glass
during night. October 1st, one on the island.

- Blackrock, Mayo.—April 8th, two on rock.

Arran Island, S—March 24th, one on rock. April 28th, one
Stonechat killed striking at 3 am.; clear. [Leg and wing of
Wheatear received. |

Tearaght.—April 14th, several about the island. October
19th, one.

Skelligs—May 16th, Wheatears breeding here.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale—August 4th—[Leg and wing received];
also on September 6th.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 14th, one on the ship.

Tuskar Rock.—May 3rd, “ Chiffchaff” killed striking—[Sedge
Warbler received in flesh]: 9th, Warblers all day on the rock ;
wind moderate S.E., overcast: 10th, three all day: 13th, Wheat-
ears and Warblers on the rock all day. June 4th, one “ Warbler ”
round the light all night. August 4th, one all night: 18th,
several, with Wheatears; two killed: 27th, several on rock:
28th, 29th, and 30th, Warblers and Stonechats on the rock
every day; left for shore on the 30th. September 7th, one
all day.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 4th, three Sedge Warblers
killed striking—[Received in flesh]—(see under Whinchat).

Rockabill—May 4th, great rush of birds at night (see under
Cuckoo)—[Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler received, killed
striking]. July 25th, three Sedge Warblers rested and flew to
land. August 19th, two Willow Warblers pitched on the rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 5th, about a dozen Sedge
Warblers and Whitethroats killed striking, and many small
birds observed about the lantern. May 3rd, birds about lantern
(see under Cuckoo). [Two Sedge Warblers received in flesh.]

q

80 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
:

Arran Island, Si—May 22nd, flocks of strange birds going
N.W. at 11 aM.; wind light S.W., misty; one killed striking
[Sedge Warbler received in flesh.]

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (Locustella nevia, Bodd.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 3rd, birds about lantern (see
under Cuckoo). [Grasshopper Warbler received in flesh.]

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale.—July 17th, bird shot. [Leg and wing
of Whitethroat received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—May 4th, one killed striking—
[Received in flesh]—(see under Whinchat).

Rockabill_—_May 4th, rush of birds during fog (see under
Cuckoo—[Legs and wings of Whitethroat received]. Septem-
ber 5th, numbers of birds, including Whitethroats, this week
(see under Blackbird).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 5th, about one dozen White-
throats and Sedge Warblers killed striking; a great number of
small birds in rays all night; weather thick—[Leg and wing
of Whitethroat received]. May 3rd, birds about light (see under
Cuckoo): 7th—[Whitethroat received in flesh]. September
4th—[Leg and wing of Whitethroat received].

Arran Island, S—May 21st, flocks of “Thorn Linnets” going
N.W. at 3 a.M.; wind light S.W., misty; one killed. [Leg and
wing of Whitethroat received. ]

“ BLACKCAP.”

Killybegs—The “Blackcap” nests, and remains through the
summer, and on till autumn. [Stonechat ?—R. M. B.]

Arran Island, N—April 15th, two “Blackcaps” about the
station. [Stonechats ?—R. M. B.]

WILLow WREN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—May 4th, small birds about the
light—[ Willow Wren received in flesh]—(see under Whinchat).
Rockabill—April 21st, one “ Woodpecker” all day about
rock ; wind strong W. September 5th, “very thick weather
during past few days, and a great many birds in consequence—

E
:

wa

a a as

————— SS

1889] IRISH COAST 81

Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, Willow Warblers, Woodpeckers,
Whitethroats, and two Swifts, We caught a fine Blackbird
with a white breast.” [‘“ Woodpeckers” are possibly “Sally-
peckers,” a name sometimes applied to Chiffchaffs and Willow
Wrens.—R. M. B.] May 4th, great rush of birds at night (see
under Cuckoo)—[{Leg and wing of Willow Wren received].
September 5th, numbers of birds, including Willow Warblers,
this week (see under Blackbird).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 3rd, birds about light (see under
Cuckoo); two Willow Wrens killed striking. [Received in flesh.]

Maidens South—August 19th, a small bird, unknown, caught
striking at 11.30 p.M.; and two Chaffinches, one struck; wind
moderate N.E., gloomy, rain. [Legs and wings of Willow Wren
and Wheatear received. ]

LInmshtrahull—May 5th, “Chiffchaff” caught striking at
midnight ; wind light N.W.; rain and fog. [Leg and wing of
Willow Wren received. ]

CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Tuskar Rock.—May 5th, two on rock at 4 a.M.; wind light
S.E., overcast: 6th, nine killed striking; wind light N., fog:
9th, Chiffchaffs all day on the rock; wind light N., overcast:
15th, one. [Probably some of these were Sedge Warblers (see
under this head). ]

Luirfer Shoals Light-ship—April 8th, several small birds
about the lantern. [Chiffchaff received in flesh.]

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship.—April 7th, one killed striking.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Rockabill_—April 11th, one Chiffchaff killed striking. [Leg
and wing received. ]

Innishtrahuil—March 28th, a “Chiffchaff” striking the
glass. April 6th, two striking.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch). “

Old Head, Kinsale.—September 26th and 27th, twelve struck
lantern, one caught—{ Received in flesh]; remained round the
lamp both nights. October 1st, some at the light; two struck,
but were not killed; cloudy.

Coningbeg ar glce —April 11th, one found ct tyre

82 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

in flesh]; wind light N.E. October Ist, one on ship during
day, killed; wind N.E., clear.

Tuskar Rock—August 14th, one at light. September 24th,
one do.: 26th, one found dead on the rock at 4 P.M.; wind
strong W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 7th, four killed striking ;
wind light N.E.

Arklow North Light-shyp.—September 26th, one killed; wind
fresh S.W. October 20th, many land birds about the light;
Wren [? Gold-Crest—R. M. B.] killed, and others fell overboard.

Kish Bank Lnght-ship—October 30th, a very small bird
caught about ship at 2 p.M.; wind fresh W., clear—[Leg and
wing Gold-Crest received]. November 13th, two small Wrens
about the ship; wind light 8., clear.

Rockabill—_November 15th, great rushes of birds, including
Golden Wrens, during last fortnight (see under Sparrow):
26th, two Golden Wrens all day. December 14th, Gold-Crests
flying round the light, tired; wind fresh W., fog.

Copeland (Mew) Isiand—September Ist, one caught at
lantern: 15th, one do.: 25th, six about light; wind N., clear.
October 1st and 2nd, Gold-Crests about the light at midnight.

Maidens South—September 5th, two at light, one killed;
wind light N., fog: 21st, one at the lantern. October 1st, two
at light at midnight: 4th, one found dead: 16th, one at lantern.
November 2nd, one at lantern.

Innishtrahuil_—sSeptember 12th, one caught at lantern at
midnight ; wind light W., clear. [Leg and wing received. ]

Arran Island, S—September 19th, one disabled—{ Received
in flesh]. October 26th, one on rock; wind N.E.

WREN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Tuskar Rock.—October 6th, two on rock: 14th, one. Decem-
ber 25th, one all day.

Rockabill—April 16th, one all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—July 29th, one. In winter and the
early spring these little birds are plentiful. September 23rd,
one. October 10th, about ten. November 25th, a few
“Common Wrens” on the island now. December 12th, a
Common Wren seen.

Maidens South—May 1st, two at lantern, flew N. August

—— Sh he se Sa se

1889] IRISH COAST 83

30th, one “Common Wren” on rock. September 4th, a Wren
all day: 24th, a brown Wren on rock: 30th, one do. at the
lantern glass at midnight; wind light N.E., gloomy. October
12th, one brown Wren on rock: 25th, a Wren at noon.

Innishtrahull.—October 26th, two on island.

Rathlin O'Birne—May 30th, two on island (first noticed
since December).

Killybegs—Wren nests, and remains through the summer,
and on till autumn.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 24th, one all day ; beth gale S.
October, three or four brown Wrens all the month about the
rock. November 14th, 19th, and 20th, several brown Wrens all
day on the rock; gale S.E.: 21st and 24th, several. [Wren
found dead, received in flesh ; sent without date. ]

Slyne Head.—Two Common Wrens are to be seen almost daily.

Arran Island, N—April 30th, one Wren (first noticed for
some time). May 5th, one.

Arran Island, S—April 17th, one Wren struck the lantern
at 1 A.M.; wind 6., cloudy.

Tearaght—Common Wren seen here at all times; it nests
on the island. [One killed later on, received in flesh. ]

Skelligs —Wrens breed here.

Oe

er Og ee ee

GREAT TITMOUSE (Parus major, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship. October 14th, one Great Tit caught at
1 p.M.; wind moderate §., clear. [Leg and wing received. ]

ad I = Ra

Rockabill—July 29th, one Bluecap [? Blue Tit.—R. M. B.] on
the rock at 3 p.M.; wind moderate S.E.

“ WAGTAILS.”

Mine Head.—April 7th, three Grey Wagtails: 9th, one
Yellow Wagtail.

Tuskar Rock.—September 2nd and 4th, Wagtail each day on
rock; overcast. December 10th, one; wind fresh N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 23rd, one.

Maidens South.—February 14th, one Pied Wagtail on rock
for two days; went N. April 10th, one Pied Wagtail during

84 ~ MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

the forenoon; flew west. September 12th, one Pied Wagtail
on the rock; flew west. October 3rd, a Grey Wagtail at noon.
’ December 25th, one Pied Wagtail at 10.30 a.m.

Inmshtrahull.—May 9th, five Pied Wagtails; rarely seen at
this station ; wind light E., rain.

Rathlin O Birne.-—May 10th, one Wagtail; stayed to 14th.

Killybegs—The Wagtail nests, and remains till autumn.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 15th and 16th, one Grey Wagtail ;
wind fresh S.W.

Slyne Head, S—October 10th, two Wagtails on the
island.

Arran Island, Ni—May 15th, one Wagtail at noon.

Skelligs—March 17th, one Yellow Wagtail; stayed several
days; wind light E..

TiTLARK or Meapow-Prrir (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Fastnet.—March 11th, one all day.

Coningbeg Light-ship—September 24th, two Larks going
N.E.: 29th, two do.: 30th, two round ship. October 25th,
flocks (see under Blackbird). November 15th, one.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 6th and 10th, one.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 6th, two: 11th, Larks,
Stares, and Titlarks about the light; two Titlarks killed; gale
N.E., misty, rain, October 2nd, 3rd, and 5th, many land birds
about the light; seven Thrushes and three Titlarks killed;
wind high, cloudy, with rain.

Kish Bank Light-ship— October 9th, two going N.W.°
November 13th, two on deck. .

Rockabill—April 8th, one all day: 11th, one killed striking.
[Leg and wing received. ]

South Rock Light-ship—April 11th, one “Cuckoo’s Nurse”
flying about ship; killed striking at 11 p.M.; wind moderate
N.E., clear. [Leg and wing of Titlark received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 25th, a few on island.

Maidens South—October 22nd, one killed striking—{ Leg and
wing received]: 31st, three all day. November 6th, 10th, and
11th, one or two.

Innishtrahull—June 3rd, Titlarks breed here.

Rathlin O Birne.—-April 5th, eight; they breed here, and
remain all winter. [? Rock-Pipits.—R. M. B.]

Se re Pee

1889} IRISH COAST 85

Blackrock, Mayo.—March, Titlarks always here; two species,
light grey and dark—[Probably Meadow and Rock Pipits.——
R. M. B.]_ October and November, several.

Skelligs—Titlarks breed here. [? Rock-Pipit.—R. M. B.]

Bull Rock—_Two noted.

Rock-Pirit (Anthus obscwrus, Lath.).

Slyne Head, S.—Rock Tits breed here, and remain.
Tearaght.—* The Rock-Pipit breeds on this island.” [October
20th, leg and wing of Rock-Pipit received, killed on rock. ]

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Tuskar Rock.—October 16th, a flock going N.W.: 26th, great
rush of various sorts of birds between 8 P.M. and 4 a.m. [Leg
and wing of Skylark, killed striking, received]. December 23rd,
two all day: 29th, one at light at 2 A.M,

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 25th, flocks about light,
9 P.M. to midnight (see under Blackbird).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 3rd, two on deck.

Arklow South Lnight-ship—January 26th, several at light ;
four killed.. February 10th, several flocks going W.; snow
and rain: llth, one on deck: 23rd, Larks, Starlings, and
Thrushes about the lantern. October 26th, Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks about light; wind fresh E., gloomy.
November 16th, one on deck. [Skylark, pale in colour, received
in flesh.] [Undated leg and wing received, with schedule dated
November 18th. ]

Arklow North Inght-ship.—February 10th, flocks about ship in
the afternoon; sleet and rain: 19th, Stares and Larks going
N.W.at noon; wind light W., gloomy; four Larks killed: 22nd,
Larks, Stares, and Thrushes about light; wind moderate N.;
two Blackbirds killed. April 8th, Blackbirds, Larks, and Stares
going N.W. in the early morning; wind fresh N.E.; one Lark
caught: 11th, Larks, Stares,and Titlarks about light; gale N.E.,
misty, rain. September 26th, Larks, Thrushes, and Starlings
about the light; wind fresh 8.W., hazy, rain. October 15th,
Skylarks and Starlings going N.W. at noon; wind fresh S.W.:
24th, 26th, and 27th, Larks, Starlings, and Thrushes about
lantern; wind moderate E., cloudy; many killed.

86 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Kish Bank Light-ship—November 12th, two about ship:
28th, several Thrushes and Skylarks about lantern; wind
moderate S.W., hazy.

Rockabill.—September 5th, numbers of Larks and other birds
this week (see under Blackbird).

South Rock Light-ship—March 8th, two at 3 A.M.: 15th, five
about ship at 6 aM.: 19th, one: 23rd and 24th, some; one
killed: 28th, one at 3 am. September 19th and 24th, two
killed striking. October 13th, four going N.W. November
10th, 11th, and 12th, Starlings, Stonechats, and Larks about
light each night; wind S., gloomy: 27th, a flock going W.
December 31st, three going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 2nd, some killed striking ;
strong breeze, misty: 18th, several killed; wind S.E., moderate
gale: 19th, Thrushes and Skylarks about the light; fresh gale
S.E.: 26th, Blackbirds, Larks, and Starlings about the light.
November 3rd, Skylarks and Thrushes striking lantern; wind
moderate S.W.: 13th, Skylarks at light; fog: 23rd, one do.
December 1st, some small birds, apparently “ Larks,” flying W. in
the forenoon: 22nd, from 12 to 1 A.M. several at light; gale S.E.

Maidens Sovth—January 2nd, a flock at lantern; one
killed: 28th, Larks and Fieldfares at lantern. February
3rd, Thrushes and Skylarks at lantern; left at daybreak for
the land; N. gale. March 1st, two Skylarks at lantern; one
killed: 20th, numbers at lantern, three killed; wind strong
~ NE: 27th, three about rock: 28th, two found dead. September
2nd, a number of Chaffinches and Larks at light from 9 P.M.
to 11 p.Mm.: 26th, numbers of small birds at light; Skylark
killed striking—[Leg and wing received]: 30th, several Sky-
larks at lantern; two killed—[Leg and wing of one received].
October 3rd, several flocks passing at intervals during day,
and a number of Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks at lantern
at night; two Blackbirds and ten Larks killed striking; wind
moderate E. [Legs and wings of three Larks received]: 5th,
flocks of small birds like Skylarks passing W. all the forenoon;
wind light N., cloudy: 14th, numbers of Skylarks and Red-
wings about light all night; wind light S.W., cloudy: 16th,
several Skylarks round the light—[Leg and wing received]:
17th, flocks of Larks and Redwings passing W. all day; wind
light S.E., gloomy: 19th, several Redwings and Skylarks at

Me Ni A Me bie

—_—s- =e

a ee

1889] IRISH COAST 87

light all night; gale S.E.: 22nd, Skylarks and Redwings at
lantern; Skylark killed; wind strong N.E.: 23rd, flocks of
Skylarks passing W. at intervals all day; flying high; wind
N.E., cloudy; one found dead : 28th, Linnets and Larks
all night at light; wind light S.W.; a lark killed—[Leg
and wing received]. November 4th, two Skylarks at noon:
11th, four at light at 3 a.M.; a large flock of Starlings and Sky-
_larks rested for an hour on the rock and flew W.: 12th,
a Skylark on the rock: 15th, six going 8.W.: 20th, two at
light; one killed. December Ist, a flock of Larks and Red-
wings going W. at 10.30 a.M.: 2nd,a flock of Larks and Linnets
going N.W. at 9 a.M.; gale 8.: 5th, flocks of Larks and Linnets
going §.E. at intervals during day; wind moderate S.: 23rd,
two Skylarks flying W.

Maidens North—April 4th, some killed striking; E. gale.

LInnishtrahull—January 23rd, one struck lantern. February
24th, two do. at 2 AM.; wind light W.S.W. March 28th,
four Skylarks and a Chiffchaff striking; wind moderate S.W.
April 6th, four Skylarks striking; wind strong E. May 6th,
one at the light; calm and fog. September 23rd, one striking
glass; wind light N., clear. December 3rd, three seen.

Rathlin O Birne—March 19th, seven on island.

Killybegs—Skylarks nest and remain until autumn. . May
12th, one at lantern.

Broadhaven.—Skylarks frequently observed.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 6th, one about rock. October, one
on rock all the month. November 15th, one on rock.

Slyne Head, S—August 28th, one found dead. [Leg and
wing received. |

Arran Island, S—April 17th, one struck lantern: 26th,
Skylarks and Stonechats round light all night.

Tearaght.—November 11th, one Lark struck the light.
December 8th, one on rock.

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—September 7th, two close to station ;
gale N.W.: 19th, one shot—[ Received in flesh]. October 15th,
eight. November 4th, four.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 11th, one “ Chaffinch” caught

88 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

on deck at 10 A.M.; wind light W.N.W., clear. [Leg and wing
of Snow Bunting received. }

Innshtrahull—January 23rd, twenty-seven throughout the
day, male and female birds. May lst, two on island, one
nearly all white. October 4th, nine; gale N., squally; they
have just arrived. December 10th, a large number on the
island; N.W. gale, squally.

Aranmore.—September 21st, one near station: strong N.W.
gale. October 9th, one; strong S.W. gale. November 17th,
six; wind moderate 8. December, Snow Buntings, Linnets,
and Bernacle Geese are the only birds observed this month.

Kullybegs—November 28th and 29th, eighteen; the birds
rested ; wind moderate N.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 11th, twelve here since last month.
April 27th, one about the rock; wind strong S.W. October,
from half a dozen to a dozen on the rock nearly the whole
month. November 21st, one all day; S.E. gale.

Slyne Head, S—March 27th, “a small bird shot; two of the
keepers have been nearly four years at this station, and never
saw one like it. I suppose it to be a Snow Bunting ”—[Snow
Bunting received in flesh]. April 25th, five all day; wind
fresh N.; three remained a week. May 17th, one killed strik-
ing at 5 a.m.[Leg and wing received]; wind light S.E., clear.
November 28th, ten on island in the morning (first seen this
season); wind light N.W., hail: 29th, eight. December 9th,
six at 8 a.m. landed on island; W. gale.

Arran Island, N.—April 5th, twelve about island : 18th, four:
28th, twenty seen; wind light S.W. May 3rd, six about
station; wind moderate S.E.

Tearaght.—April 23rd, one pair on rock; W. gale; one shot
—[Received in flesh]. May 30th, one shot—{Received in
flesh]. September 20th, one shot; wind N.W. strong, squally—
[Received in flesh]. “TI can find no account of its being seen in
this locality at such an early date before.” October 4th, two :
29th, one: 31st, one all day on the rock.

Buntine (Zmberiza miliaria, Linn.).
Innishtrahull—July 1st, a small bird shot on the island at
4 p.M.; wind moderate W.N.W., hazy; two of these birds were
here since spring. [Bunting received in flesh.]

1889] IRISH COAST 89

YELLOW Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

7 Fastnet.—May 6th, one on rock.
South Rock Light-ship—September 4th, one about ship.
Sroadhaven.—Frequently observed.

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs, Linn.).
Old Head, Kinsale-—October 21st, a large rush of Chaffinches,

_ Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, and Redwings; night heavy,

thunder and lightning.

Mine Head.—May 12th, one going S.E.

Dungarvan.—October 26th, two killed striking.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 10th and 11th, one going N.E.
each day: 13th, one on ship at 6 P.M.: 15th, one going N.E.:
16th, one on ship. April 18th, one about ship at 5 aM.
October 6th, one going N.E.: 21st, several about light from
10 p.m. to midnight; wind moderate N.E. November 17th,
two on ship and several about light; wind S.E., haze: 18th,
one dead on ship; wind light 8.

Tuskar.—October 26th, great rush of various sorts of birds
between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. [Leg and wing of Chaffinch, killed
striking, received]. November 10th, one all day. December
1st, one at light: 10th, one on rock.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—March 15th, five on deck at
8 AM.; went to N.W.: 18th, twelve went N.W. at 10 AaMm.;
wind light S.W. April 2nd, one round ship at noon: 5th,
several small birds, like Chaffinches, flying round the lantern.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 5th, two flocks flying low to
N.E.; wind light N.E. October 18th, several about ship in the
afternoon ; wind strong 8.E., rain: 21st, one on deck.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 27th, four on deck at
noon ;-wind N., snow and sleet. April 13th, four on deck at
noon; wind strong E. October 10th, a flock at noon; wind
light W.: 22nd, many land birds; four Finches caught on
deck ; wind fresh N.E.

Kish Bank Light-ship—September 7th, one rested on deck at
2 p.M.; wind light S.E., clear: 24th, two on deck; wind strong
N.E. October 17th, three about ship: 19th, two on deck.
November 13th, two about ship in the morning; wind light S.,
clear: 23rd, one on ship.

G

90 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Rockabill_—November 15th, great rushes of birds, including
Chaffinches, during last fortnight (see under Sparrow): 27th,
29th, and 30th, twelve about rock all day; wind N.W., strong;
Chaffinches are more numerous this season than last. December
6th, 7th, and 8th, many all day about the rock: 14th, Chaf-
finches at light; wind fresh W., fog: 15th, 16th, and 17th,
some all day on the rock; wind moderate to strong W., gloomy.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 2nd, one on island: 13th,
some: 25th, the few which were on the island have left.
December 14th, a few about to-day : 16th, one about the island
to-day.

Maidens South—August 28th and 29th, two about rock.
September 2nd, a number, with Larks, at light; gloomy, wind
light S.E.: 3rd, two: 4th, a number, with Larks, on rock all day:
9th, two during the night: 17th, two on rock: 18th, a Stonechat
and a Chaffinch all day; the Chaffinch killed striking; squally:
29th, two flew S.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, from thirty to fifty about during
the month; left about 27th: 23rd, twa caught at lantern.
November 14th, several all day: 15th, several: 17th, two:
19th and 20th, two all day.

Slyne Head, S—October 12th, thirteen on island.

Tearaght.—September 25th, one shot. October 15th, two
shot, out of flock on the island—[Received in flesh]: 20th,
several at light.

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—December 28th, one “ Flycatcher ”
found dead on deck at 11 P.M.; wind light S.E, gloomy.
[Brambling received in flesh. |

Tearaght—December 14th, three “Mountain Finches” on
the rock; wind fresh S.W.

SPARROW (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Rockabill—November 15th, “great rushes of birds visiting
and passing over the station the last ten or twelve days; a
number killed striking; Chaffinches, Green Linnets, Song
Thrushes, Redwings, Golden Wrens, Sparrows (unusual visitors),
Starlings, Blackbirds, Grey Linnets, and Curlews,”

1889] IRISH COAST 91

Copeland (Mew) Island—December 4th, a Sparrow caught in
the lighthouse kitchen—[Dark-coloured Sparrow received in
flesh]: 6th, several about the dwellings.

Killybegs—Sparrows nest, and remain until autumn.

Broadhaven.—Sparrows numerous here.

Slyne Head, S—May 27th, one on island. June 1st, one
on rock; killed by dog. [Leg and wing received. ]

y GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—November 17th, one about ship.

Rockabill—November 15th, great rushes of birds and some

Green Linnets (see full note under Sparrow): 29th and 30th,

many all day; they have been numerous since November 1st,

more so than last year. December 8th, some all day: 14th,

- some about light (see under Linnet).

Copeland (Mew) Island.November 28th, one struck kitchen
window in the forenoon; wind strong N.W. December 12th,
some: 22nd, a large flock this morning, also two Grey Linnets.

Maidens South.—October 21st, three going N.W. November
6th, one: 11th, three. December 14th, five on rock.

Tearaght—January 13th, one. October 2nd, small bird
forwarded—[Greenfinch (young) received in flesh]: 19th, two

_ Green Linnets at 2.30 p.m. [Leg and wing received. ]

ai

GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Fastnet.—“I have no recollection of ever seeing a Goldfinch
striking lantern” (see under Bullfinch).

Old Head, Kinsale——October 15th, thirty seen close to the
station—[Wing Goldfinch received, marked “found October
16th”]|: 29th, I saw more birds here this month than I did for
the past twelve; none of them were rare. Goldfinches were
very plentiful for a few days.

Mine Head.—March 17th, two going N.W. at 11 aM.; clear:
dist, two going W. at 2 p.m.; clear. April 3rd, two going N.

SIsKIN (Carduelis spinus, Linn.).

Tuskar—October 26th, great rush of birds between 8 P.M.
and 4 a.M., various sorts killed striking. [Siskin received
in flesh. ]

4

92 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889

Tearaght.—April 30th, a pair of Siskins on the island at
11 aM.; wind light 8.E.

MEALY REDPOLE (Linota linaria, Linn.).

Tearaght.—September 19th, a small bird shot at 4 P.M;

fresh breeze N.W. [Mealy Redpole received in flesh.]
“ LINNETS.” t

Fastnet—“1I have often seen the common Grey Linnet and
Twite strike, but have no recollection of ever seeing any killed
by so doing—GEORGE DUNLEAVY.”

Spit Bank. A Dacembes 26th, a flock of Grey Linnets going
S.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 15th, several noticed going in
different directions at 11 a.m. October 20th, flocks of Linnets
going N. 9 a.M. to 10 4.M.; wind moderate N.E., rain. November
23rd, several going N.E.

Ineifer Shoals Light-ship—March 16th, one Grey Linnet
going towards shore.

Arklow South Lnght-ship. Sy uary 10th, several flocks
going W.; snow. April 5th, one Grey Linnet about the ship
in the ovate haze.

Arklow North Light-ship—F¥ebruary 10th, flocks about ship ;
sleet and snow. December 21st, one Grey Linnet about ship.

Rockabill—November 15th, great rush of birds, including
Grey Linnets, during last fortnight (see under Sparrow).
December 4th, large flock of Grey Linnets going 8.W.: 14th,
Grey and Green Linnets flying round the light ; wind fresh W.,
fog: 15th, 16th, and 17th, Linnets all day on the rock.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 13th, a large flock going
N.W. at noon. December 10th, a flock of Grey Linnets going
W. at 5 p.M.; wind strong N.W.; birds tired: 20th, a flock
going W. at 8 A.M.

Copeiand (Mew) Island—July 1st and 4th, a flock. November
29th, one. December 26th, a flock of Linnets going towards
the mainland from the Scottish coast: 22nd, two Grey Linnets.

Maidens South.—October 28th, Linnets and Larks about the
light; wind light S.W. December 2nd, a flock of Larks and
Linnets going N.W. at 9 a.m.: 5th, flocks of Larks and Linnets

1889] IRISH COAST 93

going S.E. at intervals during the day; S.W. gale: 12th, three
Grey Linnets on rock.

Avranmore.—September 21st, large flocks of Linnets all day
near the station: 23rd, flocks all day. December, Snow
Buntings, Linnets, and Bernacle Geese, the only birds observed
this month.

_ Slyne Head, S.—January 22nd, a flock about island.
Linnets on the island daily during July. October 20th and
23rd, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Linnets all day.

Arran Island, N—March 9th, one Grey Linnet for some
time on island. April 22nd, ten Grey Linnets about station.
“May 2nd, two Linnets going E.: 19th, six Linnets about island.

Tearaght.—January, Linnets all the month. September 26th,
numbers of Linnets all day; wind moderate N.W.

Twite (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

- Fastnet—“I have often seen the common Grey Linnet and
7 Twite strike, but have no recollection of ever seeing any killed
by so doing.”

Tuskar.— September 14th, several going W. at noon.
} October 8th, two on rock.
Copeland (Mew) Island.— August 29th,a few. September 23rd,
j twenty or thirty. October 10th, about fifty. November 25th,
- the Twites have all left the island: 29th, a large flock came
from sea and passed towards shore; wind fresh N.W., clear.
December 22nd, a flock on island this morning.

Innishtrahull—August 31st and September Ist, a Twite on
island. October 14th, numbers do.; wind light S., clear.

Tearaght.—A pair of Twites are supposed to have nested here
this season, as they were observed building. September Ist,
about twenty Twites all day about the rock; wind lght E.,
gloomy—[Leg and wing received]: 22nd, five on rock: 26th,
numbers all day.

BuiiFince (Pyrrhula europea, Vieill).

Fastnet— April 9th, “I have never seen a Bullfinch to my
knowledge. I have no recollection of ever seeing a Goldfinch
striking lantern, but I often have seen the common Grey
3 Linnet and Twite strike, but have no recollection of ever seeing
any killed by so doing—Gurorce DUNLEAVY.”

94 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Rockabill— April 11th, male and female Bullfinch all day on
the rock; rain, wind fresh N.E.

Innishtrahull—December 3rd, one Bullfinch in the light-
house garden; wind fresh S., clear. Very rare, the only one
noticed during the present keeper’s tenure.

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Fastnet.—February 25th, one at 11 P.M.

id Head, Kinsale——October 21st, a large rush of Starlings,

Thrushes, Blackbirds, Chaffinches, and Redwings; night heavy
thunder and lightning. ;

Mine Head.—March 13th, two flocks going E.

Coningbey Light-ship.—February 25th, 26th, and 27th, about
ship at night; wind E., sky overcast. March 6th and 7th, two
about the light: 15th, one on ship. November 11th and 12th,
Starlings and Blackbirds about light; wind S.E., gloomy: 13th,
several about light.

Tuskar—May 4th, two killed striking. October 1st, three
going N.: 3rd, ten at light: 5th, five at light: 10th, some going
W. at noon: 26th, great rush of birds at night, various sorts
killed striking between 8 P.M. and 4 a.m. [Leg and wing of
Starling received]. November 6th, a flock going W.: 12th
and 21st, three at light: 22nd, five do. December Ist, four
at light: 4th, a flock going W.: 8th, two all day: 15th, sixteen
on rock: 28th, three do.: 29th, two at light.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship. —March 15th, two going Ww.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March Ist, Stenlinees Black-
birds, and Thrushes killed striking; snow: 15th, three on deck
in the morning, went N.W.: 28th, two killed striking.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—February 10th, several flocks of
Starlings going W.; snow and rain: 22nd, several at light: 23rd,
some killed striking—[Leg and wing received]. October 12th,
several flocks flying low to N.W.: 25th, Stares and Thrushes
at lantern; some killed, fell overboard ; wind light E.: 26th,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings about the lantern; some
killed, fell overboard; wind fresh E., gloomy: 28th, Thrushes
and Starlings about the lantern; wind fresh N.E. November
11th, 13th, 14th, 17th, and 18th, Starlings about the lantern;
wind light N.E. and 8.W., hazy and overcast. December 14th,

1889] IRISH COAST 95

one ou deck: 27th, some going N.W. in daytime, and about
light ; wind S.E., gloomy.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 10th, flocks about ship :
11th, flocks of Starlings and Thrushes about ship; eight killed ;
some flew N.W.; N.E. gale: 19th, Starlings and Larks going
N.W.; wind light W., gloomy : 22nd, Starlings, Larks, Thrushes,
and Blackbirds about light; sleet and rain. April 8th, Starlings,
Blackbirds, and Larks going N.W.; wind N.E., gloomy: 11th,
Starlings, Larks, and Titlarks about light; N.E. gale, misty,
rain: 24th, Starlings and Larks about the light; one Stare
killed. September 25th and 26th, Starlings, Larks, and

_ Thrushes about light; wind fresh S.W., hazy, rain. October

13th, some going N.W.: 15th, do., with Larks: 18th, three killed
striking: 19th, some going N.W. at 8 a.m.: 24th, 26th, and 27th,
Starlings, Larks, and Thrushes about the lantern; wind mode-

_ rate E., cloudy.

Kish Bank Light-ship—October 19th, two Starlings on deck :
20th, five Starlings round ship: 27th, many going N.W. at
11 am.; N.E. gale. November 11th, five about ship: 13th,
some about light: 24th, two on ship.

Rockabill—January 11th, many round light; twelve killed;
wind fresh, cloudy. July 18th, one killed striking. These birds
are always about in foggy weather. November, great rushes of
birds (see under Sparrow): 17th and 18th, several going W.
during these days; wind S.E., gloomy. December 10th, some
going W.: 14th, Starling at light; wind fresh W., fog.

South Rock Light-ship.— March 15th, four about ship.
October 15th, twenty going N.W. November 10th, 11th, and
12th, Starlings, Stonechats, and Larks about the light each
night; wind light 8., gloomy.

Copeland (Mew) Island—July 1st, Starlings always on the
island, the young observed to-day. October 25th, Starlings and
Blackbirds striking; strong breeze W., rain: 26th, some about
light. November 12th, Starlings striking: 13th, a rush of birds
this night ; Blackbirds, Thrushes, Lapwings, and Starlings round
the light ; fog: 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th, Starlings about lantern
each night; Fieldfares, Thrushes, and Starlings flying through
the rays. December 28th, Thrushes and Starlings about lantern.

Maidens South—January 9th, Starlings and Fieldfares about
lantern. February 12th, Blackbirds, Fieldfares, and Starlings

96 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

striking throughout the night; none killed; wind moderate W. :
18th, Fieldfares and Starlings about lantern; a Starling killed ;
wind moderate W. March 27th, four striking at midnight.
October 2nd, a large number of Thrushes and Starlings round
lantern from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate S., clear: 24th,
flocks of small birds like Thrushes and Starlings passing W.
all day; wind light N.E. November 11th, a large flock of
Starlings and Skylarks rested for an hour on the rock and flew
to the W.; wind light W.: 13th, a number of Starlings and
small birds round the lantern from 6.30 P.M. to midnight; two
Starlings killed—[Leg and wing of one received]: 14th, flocks
of Starlings, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and other small birds passing
S.W. at 10 a.m.; wind light $.W.: 19th, two on rock.

Maidens North—April 4th, a small flock; some killed
striking; E. gale.

Innishtrahull—October 20th, two about ight; E. gale.

Rathlin OBirne—January 23rd, two; one struck lantern.
February 9th, flocks on island; N. gale, snow: and from 10th
to 13th, while the snow lasted.

Killybegs—April 20th, one killed oar

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 21st, one all day; N.E. gale.
October 27th, about forty going E. at 7 a.M.; wind moderate
N.E. (cloudy to rain): 29th, thirty about rock all day.
November 10th, a flock all day; about forty: 14th, twenty to
thirty Starlings went E. at 4 P.M.; misty: 15th, thirty all day:
16th, fifty about rock: 19th and 20th, twelve; S.E. gale: 21st,
ten: 24th, eighty all day about the rock; S. gale.

Slyne Head, S—May 6th, one. October 25th, flocks at
3 P.M.; wind moderate S.E. November Ist, flocks on island
all day; storm from W.

Arran Island, S—September 19th, Starling disabled striking.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Tearaght.—January, flocks all the month on island. October
19th, two young Starlings on island—[Leg and wing of one
found killed received]: 20th, three. November 5th, flocks
going S.; wind fresh N.W. December 4th, flocks all day
about en

CHoucs (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Fasinet—April 9th, Jackdaws and Choughs breed near shore

—_—o

1889] } IRISH COAST 97

dwellings. Choughs are very numerous on north side of
Crookhaven Harbour.

Mine Head—January 30th, two. April 25th, four going
N.W. May 4th, five going E.: 17th, one going N.

Aranmore.—Choughs always about this station.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 19th and 20th, two on rock all
day; S.E. gale (Crows with red legs).

Slyne Head, S—October 24th, five (first this season) flying
S.E.

Tearaght—April 18th, two and some Hooded Crows all day
about the rock. The Chough breeds on the island. July 31st,
five about rock. September 14th, four all day: 22nd, two:
26th, two. :

Skelligs—January, two throughout the month; breed here,
and also on Dursey Island.

Bull Rock.—Choughs come on rock during winter, but are on
Dursey Island all the year round.

RAveEN (Corvus coraxz, Linn.).

Fastnet—March 27th, two on rock.

Mine Head—April 24th, two going S.E. May 16th and
19th, two. -

Dunree Head.—January 23rd and 25th, two.

Aranmore.—Ravens always about.

Broadhaven.—Ravens frequently observed.

Tearaght.—February 13th, three all day: 24th, four about
rock. July 6th, one. September 15th, six Ravens all day:
17th and 18th, two.

Skelligs—April 11th, ten all day on the rock; wind light
S.E.: two on the 29th: and two on May 16th.

Bull Rock.—August 8th, one, about three weeks since.

HOoopED Crow (Corvus corniz, Linn.).

Fustnet.—April 20th, two were seen every day since the 12th.

Rockabill_—February 16th, one on rock.

Invishtrahull.—April 7th, nest found in the cliff; six eggs.
June 7th, a young one seen.

Rathlin O' Birne—May 31st, four “ Grey Crows.” (None of
these birds have built here since 1886.)

98 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889

>

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 4th, two “Grey-backed Ravens”
about rock; gale N.W.: 28th, two do. during the day.

Slyne Head, S—April 15th, one Hooded Crow.

Tearaght.—April 18th, two Choughs and some Hooded Crows
on rock. Hooded Crows breed on the island. October 2nd,
six: 17th, eight on island.

Skelligs—May 16th, four all day.

Rook (Corvus frugulegus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—July 9th, one going W. November 24th, two going
towards land.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 6th, two “Crows” going
N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 15th, a flock going E.;
N.W. gale.

Kish Bank Light-ship.—October 20th, four going N.

Rockabill—February 28th, several “Crows” going S.W.;
birds seemed tired, and rested for a while; wind E., showery.
April 15th, two Rooks going S.W.: 17th, one going N.: 22nd,
five going W. July 16th, four “Crows” going W. December
13th, five “Crows” going W.: 14th, very large number of
“Crows” going S.W. at 11 aM.; wind &%., cloudy; appeared
very tired, rested for some time on the rock.

South Rock Light-ship—April 15th, eight “Crows” going
N.E. (these birds are very seldom seen): 20th, two “Crows”
going N.W., seemed very tired. December 19th, seven “Crows”
going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—June 21st, a few always about the
dwellings. October 14th, a number of “Crows” about island.
November 5th, one dozen “Crows” coming from the direction
of the Scottish coast, and going towards the shore: 29th, several
“Crows” on island.

Maidens South—May 14th, four going E.

Spit Bank.—December 21st, ten Rooks going 8.W.: 22nd,
twenty do.: 26th, forty going S.W. at noon.

Innishtrahull—June 21st, one on island; a rare visitor.
July 29th, one “Carrion Crow” shot. [Leg and wing of Rook
received. |

Rathlin O’Birne.—February 10th to 15th, flocks of Rooks,
with Starlings and Thrushes, on the island during the snow.

er ee EE ee ee

ae ial tall

1889] IRISH COAST 99

June 27th, eighteen Rooks: 30th, fifty came from the S.E.
July 30th, twenty on island.

Broadhaven—* Crows” often seen.

Slyne Head; S—April 13th, three “Common Crows”
going N.W.: 14th, seven going W. October 10th, three on
island: 12th, eleven “Crows” going W.: 21st, large flocks of
“Orows” going W.; clear, wind fresh N.E.; some rested on the
dome of the lantern: 22nd, Thrushes, Crows, and Linnets all
day on the rock; wind moderate N.E., clear: 23rd, do.

Arran Island, N.—April 8th, two. May 4th, do.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Spit Bank.—December 28th, “numerous about Queenstown.”
Rathlin O' Birne.—March 30th, five came from shore, and
remained till April 2nd.

Macpis (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Fastnet.—April 9th, “I have never seen Magpies at any
distance from shore in numbers.—Ge£0. DUNLEAVY.”

Mine Head.—F¥ebruary 4th, two seen. March 11th, 18th,
and 28th, one or two seen.

Rockabill—January 7th, two Magpies arrived on the “ Bill,”
and made several attempts to reach the mainland, but were
driven back by strong wind from W., and died after four
days.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—December 16th, one on island.

Innishtrahull.—* The Magpie never visits this island, though
they are on shore at Malin Head.”

SwALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Fastnet.—May 4th, two (first this year); left for the shore
when the fog lifted. May 23rd, one about rock.

Mine Head.—May 8th, four going N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 5th, a flock going N.: 6th, do.:
13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 21st, and 24th, one to four seen each day.
June 2nd, four. September 13th, four going N.E.

Tuskar—May 5th, five on rock at 4 4.M.; wind light S.E.:
8th, Swallows going towards shore in the morning; two killed
striking in the afternoon; fog: 9th, one found dead: 12th,

100 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

some about all day: 18th, two: 22nd, one. June 3rd, 11th,
and 13th, one each day: 16th, three going towards land at
sunrise: 20th, two going N.W. July 4th, four round the rock
at noon: 5th, two flying towards shore. December 7th, one on
the rock at 8 A.M.; wind strong N.—J. M. Leary.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship— April 7th, two.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 24th, two on ship. October
1st, two going N.E.: 2nd, one on ship.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 6th and 7th, Swallows flying
low to the N.W.; calm; fog and haze both days: 13th, two
flying N.W.: 18th, Swallows flying singly N.W., low, in the
morning ; wind light. June 29th, two.

Arklow North Light-ship.—May 4th, three going N.W. at 1 P.M:
5th and 6th, Swallows all day going N.E.; wind light. Septem-
ber 28th, a flock going N.W. at noon; ad fresh N.W. October
31st, some caught on deck; wind moderate. W.

Rockabill—April 22nd, one going W. at 11 aM.; the first
this year.

South Rock Lnght-ship.—April 25th, one rested on the ship at
4.40 am.; flew N.W. May 9th, forty going N.W. at 10.30 aM.;
wind light S.S.E.; fog and rain: 14th, one. June 3rd, one.
July 20th, two going E.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 4th, a few noticed to-day.
July 10th, young Swallow found dead.

Maidens North—May 2nd, a great number of Swallows going
N.W. at noon; gale S.

Maidens South—April 22nd, two at noon flying round the
rock ; first this year ; wind light N., bright and clear. May 7th.
8th, 9th, 13th, and 14th, two Swallows daily. June, Swallows
were the only land birds observed this month. August 28th,
one rested, and flew S.

Aranmore.—May 6th, one Swallow; first seen this year.

Rathlin O'Birne.—April 21st, ten abipnt island ; wind light
S.W.; only stayed a few hours.

Slyne Head, S—April 29th, one; wind light S.E.; first
noticed this year. May 2nd, six going W. at4p.M.; wind S.,
rain: 3rd and 12th, one. June 5th and 6th, Swallows
about.

Tearaght.—May 3rd, one at 4 P.M.; wind light 8. July 30th,
one.

1889] IRISH COAST 101

Hovse-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—May 1st, several.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 15th, several about the
light, one fell on deck; calm.

Rockabill—_ May 4th, great rush of birds during fog (see
under Cuckoo)—[Leg and wing of House-Martin received] ;
killed striking.

Innishtrahull—July 26th, one Martin about the light-
house at noon; gale N., clear (the only one noticed since the
light-keeper joined this station in 1885). August 8th, one.
September 10th, one.

Blackrock, Mayo—May 3rd, one at 11 A.M.; wind strong S.E.:
25th, one caught in dwelling.

Tearaght.— October 24th, four about on rock.

SAND-MARTIN (Cotile riparia, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 19th, several small birds
about the lantern; one killed. [Leg and wing of Sand-Martin
received. |

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Fasinet—June 9th, two about shore dwellings: 20th, six.
July 27th, one: 30th, three: 31st, five at 4 A.M.; wind moderate
S.W., misty; four observed sleeping on rock, and one disabled
striking—| Received in flesh]. I do not recollect seeing so many
since I came here as this season. August 8rd, several Swifts
flying in the rays of the light at 2.4M.; gale S.W., rain: 19th,
one about rock.

Wicklow Head.—August 7th, “A bird sent, nobody about
here seems to know what kind it is.” [Swift received in flesh.]

Innishtrahull—May 6th, two Swifts about the station at
5 p.M.; calm. June 7th, one at noon; wind N.W., clear: 10th,
one: 17th, two.

Aranmore.—May 10th, one Swift.

Broadhaven—August 2nd, two Swifts.

Tearaght.—May 1st, two going N.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—May 3rd, one; seemed very tired; wind
strong S., fog.

102 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Arklow South Light-ship—May 6th, two round the ship at
6 AM.; wind light 8.E.

Rockabill—May 5th, one killed striking at 2.30 A.M. during a
dense foo—[ Received in flesh]; several Whitethroats were killed
the same night. “The fog commenced at 11 P.m., and in about
half an hour the lantern was nearly covered with birds—a great
number of them must have been killed. We picked up several
on the rock in morning. Next day, on the rock, I saw two
Spotted Corn-Crakes, one Redstart, several Whinchats, Reed
and Willow Warblers, one Grey Plover, one Curlew, and other
small birds which I was unable to identify. From this sudden
rush of birds immediately after the weather got thick, I would
infer that they are always mierating at this season and in
autumn, but keep far from the light in clear weather. On the
night mentioned, it would be impossible to distinguish the
light at more than a mile from the station, the weather being so
thick—Joun HAMILTON.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 3rd, Cuckoo killed against
glass—[ Received in flesh]; small birds alsa about lantern
during night; some killed striking; weather thick—{Grass-
hopper Warbler, two Sedge Warblers, Whitethroat, and two
Willow Wrens received in flesh]: 4th, Cuckoo heard on Cope-
land Island to-day ; shows that a number arrived last night.

Innishtrahull—May 10th, one heard at 1 P.M.; wind strong
S.E., clear. First heard for the last three years.

Arran Island, N—May 7th, Cuckoo first heard.

Arran Island, S—April 28th, Cuckoos frequently on island
from this date.

Rock Dove (Columba livia, Gmel.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—August 27th, a Rock Pigeon shot.
[Leg and wing of Rock Dove received. ]

TurRTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

Fastnet.—September 5th, “leg and wing of a small Dove
sent.” [Leg and wing of Turtle Dove received. ]

Old Head, Kinsale—August 19th, one shot; gale N., rain.
[Leg and wing received.]

Tearaght.—May 25th, one Turtle Dove picked up dead among
the rocks. [Leg, wing, and tail received. ]

>
>
:

i

1889] IRISH COAST 103

PIGEONS.

Mine Head.—March 10th, three Pigeons going 8.W. April
Ist, thirteen going S.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 13th, one Pigeon on ship ;
caught; apparently tame.

Tuskar.—June 7th, one Wood Pigeon going to land; wind
strong N.E., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 5th, two on ship. October
12th, one, with silver ring round right leg.

Rockabill—May 2nd, one very large white Pigeon (neck in-
clined to yellow) on rock, and flew W.; wind S.E., fresh. July
7th, two Carrier Pigeons on rock. August 4th, one dark-
brown Pigeon rested and flew towards shore. October 17th,
the gas-maker caught a Carrier Pigeon here, with a brass ring,
marked “ 29,” on each leg.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 19th, one Pigeon rested
on gas-house: 23rd, one going towards shore; came from the
direction of the Scottish coast: 24th, six “ Wild Pigeons.”

Maidens North—October 9th, a flock going 8.

Maidens South August 16th, two Rock Pigeons all day.

Innishtrahull—July 3rd, 4th, and 6th, two Rock Pigeons
each day; hazy: 26th, two young Rock Pigeons.

Dunree Head—January 7th, six Pigeons going 8.E.

Aranmore.—Rock Pigeons always about.

Rathlin O Birne—July 10th, two, like Ringdoves.

Broadhaven.—Rock Doves often observed.

Slyne Head, S—Apyril 30th, four Pigeons going 8.E. May
9th, one Woodguest going W.

Arran Island, N—May 12th, 13th, 14th, and 20th, several
Pigeons.

Arran Island, S—May 19th, one Rock Pigeon.

Tearaght—February 8th, four Rock Pigeons. Rock Pigeons
breed here; there are generally three or four pairs of them.
December 8th and 14th, eight all day.

Skelligs—June 3rd, two Rock Pigeons all day.

CorN-CRAKE (Creax pratensis, Bechst.).

Tuskar—May 5th, one on rock at 4 A.M.; wind light S.E.:
14th, one at noon; wind light S.W.

104 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

fockabill—_May 5th, two Spotted Corn-Crakes—[? Porzana
maruetta.—R. M. B.|—on rock (see under Cuckoo). “It may
interest you to know that I caught alive, on Eagle Island,
Mayo, April 30th, 1880, a Spotted Corn-Crake. The wind had
been blowing strong from the N.W. for some time.”

Maidens South—May 6th, one found disabled. [Received in
flesh. ]

Innishtrahull—May 16th, one heard at midnight. July
29th, two heard.

Rathiin OBirne—June 21st, two heard at twilight; wind
light N. (Rare occurrence here—the birds remained until
July 2nd.)

Blackrock, Mayo—May 12th, one all day on rock; wind
light S.E. |

Tearaght.—June 8th, “feathers of Corn-Crake sent, picked
up at Peregrine’s feeding-place.” [Received.]

WaATER-RaAIL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Rathlin O Birne—September 5th, a bird going W.; struck
with tremendous force at midnight. [Water-Rail received in
flesh. ]

WaterR-HEN (Galiinula chloropus, Linn.).

South Rock Light-ship—aApril 10th, one Water-Hen disabled.
“The only one seen here for the last three years.” [Received in
flesh. ]

Coot (Fulica atra, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—October 26th, one killed striking (first of the
kind) at 4 Am.; wind fresh N.E. [Leg and wing received. |

RINGED DotTEREL (Agialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 16th, ten going N.E.

Innishtrahuli—March 6th, three on the island. July 16th,
a “Dotterel” at noon.

Rathlin O'Birne—April 18th, four “Ringed Plover” on the
island at 1 A.M.; wind strong 8.W., cloudy. (These birds often
come in wild weather.) “Ring Plover build on island, and
lay their eggs on little stones.”

|
|

1889] IRISH COAST 105

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—January 29th, six going E.

Arklow South Light-ship—February 10th, a flock flying E.

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 13th, “Plover” going
N.W., and many birds at the lantern ; eight killed [? Were these
“Plover.’—R. M. B.]; wind light S.W., rain. October 18th,
a flock going N.

Rockabill_—May 5th, one “Grey Plover” on rock (see under
Cuckoo).

South Rock Light-ship—December 6th and 7th, large flocks
of Golden Plover going W. early each day.

Copelund (Mew) Island.—November 13th, great rush of Lap-
wing and other birds ; also some Golden Plover.

Maidens South—November 13th, a number of Curlew and
Golden Plover passing the lantern; wind light S.W.

Innishtrahuli—August 3rd, one flying E.

Rathlin O Birne—April 29th, four “Grey Plover”; one shot.

_ Killybegs.—Golden Plover always seen in October, November,

and December. December 5th, fifteen going N.E.

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Rockabill.— December 5th, one flying to shore.

South Rock Light-ship—November 27th, flock of “ Plover”
going W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 18th, several at intervals
during the summer. September 14th, thirty. November 3rd,
twenty about to-day: 15th, “ Lapwing, Starlings, Blackbirds,
and Thrushes very plentiful in rays from 5 P.M. to 7 P.M.; also
small birds; hundreds may be seen at the same time; also
some Golden Plover; thick haze. Birds still plentiful at
8 pM, not striking, among them being Whimbrel, Curlew
(not many), Skylarks, Fieldfares, and others which I could not
distinguish. Lapwing seemed very plentiful, in flocks of from
about half a dozen to three dozen, passing to the N.W., and
sometimes seeming a mile distant through the broad clear
beams of the light. Though they all appeared to be going in
the same direction, yet there were great numbers wheeling
round about the lantern with the other birds. They were
plentiful up to 3 aM.or 4AM. I observed only one, a Starling,

H

106 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

killed next morning—EpwarD M‘Carron.” 24th, ten Lap-
wings on island: 25th, two seen in the rays of the light:
27th, a flock flying towards shore from the Scottish coast: 29th,
Lapwings on the island to-day. December 5th, some about:
22nd, one dozen: 29th, large flocks about these days.

Maidens North—December 25th, a flock of “Green Plover”
going N.W. These birds are observed from October to
December.

Maidens South—January 9th, 10th, and 11th, Green Plover
heard each night; gloomy, and wind variable. Also on the
nights of the 23rd, 24th, and 25th. December 28th, a flock
of Lapwings going W. at 11 A.M.

Innishtrahuli.cJSune 28th, three “ Lapwings” on island.

Aranmore.—Aucust 29th, a large flock of “Plover” going 8.
October 13th, a flock of “ Plover” near the station.

Rathlin O' Birne.—April 9th, six Green Plover coming from
shore; one shot. These birds are mostly seen in the spring;
rare in winter.

Killybegs—Green Plover always seen in. October, November,
and December. :

Slyne Head, S—November 29th, one Lapwing on island;
wind strong S.W. The first noticed on these rocks by present
keepers.

Tearaght—November 30th, one Lapwing on island at 9 A.M.;
wind strong S.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Innishtrahull—March 10th, a small bird shot. “I have
always named them ‘Sand Larks’; they are resident here all
the year, and breed on the island; they never strike lantern.”
[Turnstone received in flesh.] August 30th, fourteen Turn-
stones on the island. “These birds have now returned after an
absence of about two and a half months; they will remain
during the winter.—M. J. KENNEDY.”

OysTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).
Spit Bank.—December 22nd, ten feeding.
Tuskar.—May 16th, two on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island—December 16th, Oyster-Catchers
always plentiful.

‘
‘
.
|
4

———

1889] IRISH COAST 107

Maidens South.—April 5th and 6th, two Seapies on rock.

Innishtrahull—January 4th, seven “Seapies.” July 3rd,
eleven on the rocks throughout the day: 16th, one.

Aranmore.—July, Seapies about every day.

Rathlin O' Birne.—Seapies are on the island in great numbers,
and nest on the west side; they remain all the year.

Killybegs.—Seapies always here.

Broadhaven.—Oyster-Catchers numerous.

Slyne Head, S—May 27th, Seapies eggs found on the island.
Oyster-Catchers about the island throughout the year.

Arran Island, N.—April 7th, twelve about island.

Tearaght.—April 14th, a pair at noon.

Skelligs.—April 11th, 26th, and 29th, two all day.

Grey PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, there were three little birds
about the size of a Sand Lark, and the same colour, feeding
on the water the last week of the month. [Probably Grey
Phalaropes.—R. M. B.]

Slyne Head, S—November 1st, one Phalarope found disabled
striking—{ Received in flesh]; gale W., hail.

Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Fasinet—April 9th, Woodcock rare on shore this season (see
under Snipe).

Maidens North—March 5th, one at 11.45 pm. November
8th, one killed striking at midnight; wind strong 8.W.

Innishtrahull—February 10th, one on the island at 2 P.M.;
snow. October 10th, one on island: 26th, one Woodcock killed
striking at 4 A.M.; wind moderate S.E., clear. [Wing received. ]

Aranmore.—August 30th, one on island. October 9th, many
Woodcock on the island.

Rathlin O Birne—January 18th, two on island; gale W.
February 9th, one shot; gale N., snow.

Llackrock, Mayo.—October 26th, one on rock ; wind light N.E.

CoMMON SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel) and
JACK SNIPE (G. gallinula, Linn.).

Fastnet—April 9th, Woodcock and Snipe very rare on shore
this season, but Jack Snipe very numerous,

108 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Tuskar.—November 16th, one going W.; wind moderate N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—October 19th, one Snipe killed,
found on deck; wind strong S.E.

Rockabiil—January 28th, one Snipe found dead.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 16th, afew. Only few remain ;
plentiful in winter, none in August. September 15th, Snipe
commencing to return. November 25th, a few on the island.
December 29th, some do.

Innishtrahull.—March 3rd, three Jack Snipe and a Common
Snipe on the island; wind fresh S.E. April 6th, one Common
Snipe killed striking; wind fresh E., misty. [Leg and wing
received. |

Aranmore—September 4th, Snipe round the light; wind
light S.E., foggy. October 9th, many on island.

Rathlin O Birne.—Snipe come to the island about the com-
mencement of October, and remain until the middle of
February. |

Slyne Head, S—March 16th, one Jack Snipe on the island
at 10 A.M.; wind strong N.W., gloomy. October 2nd, one Jack
Snipe found dead on balcony; wind light E. [Received in
flesh]. December 11th, two Common Snipe on island.

Arran Island, S—May 1st, 11 P.M. to 4 AM., several Snipe
passing at intervals; one killed striking. [Leg and wing
received. |

Tearaght—February 18th and 24th, a few Snipe about in
the early part of the day. November. Ist, one on the rock;
gale N.W.: 16th, one large Snipe on the rock at 2 PM ;
wind moderate N.E. December 25th and 27th, several Snipe
on rock.

DuNLIN (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Kish Bank Lnght-ship—November 12th, one “Stare” caught
on deck at noon; wind light S., gloomy (sending wing and leg).
[Leg and wing of Dunlin received. ]

PURPLE SANDPIPER (Z'ringa striata, Linn.).

Tuskar.—December 7th, one on rock at 4 P.M.

Knot (Zringa canutus, Linn.).

Tuskar.— July 14th, one “Knot” on rock at noon. [Probably
an error.—R. M. B.]

OO

_~ wT

~— ee. ee ee

1889] IRISH COAST 109

Slyne Head, S—October 2nd, two Knots killed striking;
wind light E., rain. [Received in flesh.]

“SAND LARKS,” ETC.

Fasinet.—February 9th, seven on rock: 23rd, two, March
27th, six. April 14th, thirty-seven on rock: 15th, ten. May
22nd, three on rock: 23rd, six about rock: 24th, eighteen all
day. July 27th, a large flock of Sand Larks at 11 P.M. going
S.E.: 31st, three going S.E. at noon.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—February 28th, one on stud March
16th, one on ship. April 19th, three about the light; wind
moderate S.W., gloomy. September 2nd, a flock of “Sand-
pipers” going S.W.: 26th, two going W.

Tuskar.—November 26th, ten “Sandpipers” on rock.

Rockabill—November 11th, “Two kinds of Sandpipers build
their nests—[Probably some error.—R. M. B.]—here, and
seemingly never leave-—JoHN Hamitton.” November 19th, a
flock of Sandpipers on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—December 16th, flocks about rock.

Maidens South.—February 25th, four. During fine weather
they remain for days. May 6th, two.

Rathlin O Birne—April 23rd, twenty Sand Larks about the
dwellings at 7 AM.; wind strong N.W. (These birds come
about the houses when the surf is high.) “There are three
species of Sand Larks; one (the Ringed Plover) builds its nest
on small stones; another species is grey, and is always about
the rocks—[? Purple Sandpiper.—R. M. B.]; and the largest of
all is black on the back, with ‘red’ legs, and white under the
wings—[? Turnstone.—R. M. B.]. Never more than two of the
latter seen together.” “Sandpipers always here.”

Killybegs—Sand Larks always here.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 21st, several Sand Larks.

Slyne Head, S—Sand Larks always here.

Tearaght.—January 13th, one Sand Lark. October 24th,
one. December 16th and 18th, Sand Larks all day.

REDSHANK (Totanus calidris, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 5th, Redshanks always
about. December 29th, Redshanks, in pairs, constantly round
the rocks.

110 MIGRATION OF BIRDS | [1889

Maidens South—August 6th, one Redshank came down
through the cowl of the light-room during the night; wind
light.

Killybegs—Redshanks always here.

Slyne Head, S—August 20th, one “ Turnstone” killed; leg
and wing sent—[Leg and wing of Redshank received]. “Turn-
stones” are noted as “ residents, but not in large numbers.”

CuRLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.),

Spit Bank.—December 20th, twenty Curlew feeding.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 4th, several over ship at
midnight; wind light W., foo. March 14th, one going N.W.

Tuskar.—July 20th, one going W. September 28th, one
going W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 9th, several Curlew going
K., high; wind light N.E.

Rockabill—F ebruary 18th, several Curlews going W. April
20th, two going W.; wind strong 8.W. July 11th, two going
S.W. August 5th, two going W.: 13th, a flock going W.: 25rd,
two young Curlews going W. November, great rushes of birds
(see under Sparrow): 25th, two Curlews going S.W. }

South Rock Light-ship—March 2nd, one Curlew killed strik-
ing, 1.30 A.M.; wind light S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—Curlew to and fro al] summer; one
shot August 26th, and one caught in a trap on August 28th.
November 3rd, small flocks about, and many seen on the Cope-
lands: 13th, Curlews about the light; fog: 22nd, several flying
about the rays; wind 8., fog: 29th, some on island. December
22nd, a flock on island.

Maidens South—January 9th, 10th, and 11th, Curlew heard
each night; wind variable, gloomy: also on the nights of
the 23rd, 24th, and 25th, and: March 13th, 14th, and 15th;
apparently they came from the direction of the Scottish
coast. July 5th to 22nd, flocks of Curlew heard several nights ;
weather gloomy. August 16th, five flying W. November 13th,
a number of Curlew and Golden Plover passing the lantern;
wind light S.W.

Aranmore.—September 2nd, ten going S.

Rathlin O Birne—March 22nd, Curlew frequent island, and
always come at dusk from mainland, and generally leave at

1889] IRISH COAST 111

daybreak. June 4th to 17th, between fourteen and thirty
Curlew on the island each day. July 4th, fifteen Curlew on
the island, and large flocks came on and off until the middle of
the month.

Killybegs—Curlew always here.

Broadhaven.—Curlew frequently seen.

Slyne Head, S—April 30th, one on island. May 2nd, seven
Curlew going E.: 12th, one on island. June 20th, 22nd, and
25th, small flocks seen. Curlew on the island during July and
August. October 25th, one. November Ist, one. December
18th, two. Curlew are noted as being very numerous about
Slyne Head this season.

Arran Island, N—April 7th, five about island.

Tearaght—One noted April 9th, September 26th, October
1st and 30th, and December 6th.

WHIMBREL (Nwmenius pheopus, Linn.).

Fastnet,—* May 2nd, a rush of Whimbrel for three hours, going
N.E.; wind §.W., misty, rain. They seemed in vast numbers,
and flew high in a continuous stream from 11 P.M. on 2nd to
2 AM. on the 3rd. Saw several on shore during the last week
in April; shot some; they were in fine condition and plumage.
May 5th, many Whimbrel going N.E. 1 a..; wind light 8.W.,
misty; one captured at lantern. July 27th, many all night at
intervals between 10.30 P.M. and 3 AM. seemed flying §.;
wind light N.W., misty. August 20th, about fifty observed in
the rays of the light between 10 P.M. and 3 A.M. on 21st, when
they went S.W.; wind light S.W., hazy.— Grzorce DUNLEAVY.”

Old Head, Kinsale—May 7th, twelve at 8 AM. going N.
10th, eight going N. September 15th, two going S.

— Ooningbeg Light-ship—May 1st, ten going N.; wind moderate
S.H.: 4th, a flock going N. at 10 pM.; wind light 6, fog.
September 2nd, Whimbrel killed striking. [Leg and wing
received. |

South Rock Light-ship— April 27th, several flocks going N.W.
between 9 A.M. and 11 a.M.: 30th, a number of small birds and
Whimbrel flying about the light.

Copeland (Mew) Isiand.—May 3rd, “Curlew” (Whimbrel) flying
about in flocks, and making a great noise. November 13th, birds
very plentiful this night; Whimbrel about light; fog.

112 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

Maidens South—May 19th and 20th,a flock heard passing
each night.

Innishtrahull—May 12th, 13th, and 14th, from three to five
young Curlew each day on the island; hazy. July 26th,
eleven young Curlew on the island; gale N., clear; two shot
—[Leg and wing of one Whimbrel received]: 29th, twenty
young Curlew on the island at 11 am; wind light SE,
clear.

Aranmore.—Arrived first week in May.

Rathlin 0’ Birne-—May 16th, eighteen; left in evening: 20th,
five, and some seen on and off till June 2nd. Whimbrel are
seen here in flocks of from five to ten during May and June, but
I never observed them later.

Broadhaven.—May 6th, Whimbrel arrived in large flocks.

Slyne Head, Si—May 12th, one “Maybird” on the island:
28th and 30th, one Whimbrel each day. June 5th, two “ May-
birds”; one shot. [Leg and wing of Whimbrel received.]

Arran Island, N—May ‘th, six about the station (first
noticed this season); wind light 8.: 16th, forty about island.

Arran Island, S—April 29th and 30th, flocks of Whimbrel
going S. May 4th, Whimbrel going 8. all night ; wind light E.,
showery: 5th, flocks of Whimbrel passing S. at 10 AaM.;
wind W., clear. [“ South,” at this station, is probably an error.
—R. M. B.]

Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis, Naum.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—July 7th, Common Tern shot.
[ Received in flesh. ]

Arctic TERN (Sterna macrura, Naum.).

Old Head, Kinsale—September 1st, six Terns. flying round
light; one shot. [Skin of Arctic Tern received, labelled
“Sept. 19th, shot on balcony.” ]

TERNS.

Fastnet—May 27th, a number of “Sea Mews” about light
from 11 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate N.W., misty. June
26th, several “Sea Mews” going N.E.

Old Head, Kinsale.—September 1st, six about light; one
shot.

ee ee ee ree Pete ae et ee ee

:

1889] IRISH COAST 113

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 14th, “Sea Mews” arrived this
morning; wind light S., misty. About five hundred are on the
island during the summer. Eggs about lst June, young birds
about Ist July. The eggs are taken in great numbers by the
people visiting the island, and laying continues until about
the 20th August. The birds are beginning to get scarce,
since the establishment of the light-house in 1884. September
12th, nearly all the Mews have left the island. October Ist,
all gone. st

Maidens South.— August 31st, three Terns, one at 10 P.M.

Rathlin O’birne—Terns built in increasing numbers this
year, on a small island close by. They arrive about 3rd June,
and remain until end of July; I always observe they are more
plentiful in foggy weather.

Tearaght—October 23rd, flocks of Terns, Kittiwakes, and
Gulls all day.

GULLS.

Fastnet—February 4th to 9th, thousands of Gulls and
tazorbills feeding about the rock: 20th, many; also Puffins,
tazorbills, Guillemots, and a number of Gannets. March 4th,
many Kittiwakes. April 11th to 14th, do. August lst and
19th, several Common Gulls.

Spit Bank.— November 26th, twelve Great Black-backed
Gulls flew past light-house going N.E. in one flock; I never
saw more than two or three together before; wind light N.W.
December 20th, two Lesser Black-backed Gulls and numbers of
Kittiwakes and Common Gulls feeding on bank: 22nd,numbers
of Kittiwake, two Lesser and four Great Black-backed Gulls
feeding on bank: 24th and 27th, numbers of Kittiwakes.

Coningbeg Light-ship—Many Herring Gulls, Kittiwakes,
and Black-backed Gulls seen during the months of May, June,
July, August, and September. “Small Common Gulls” noted
during September.

Arklow South Light-ship—October 20th, two Gulls fighting
for a dead bird at 2.20 p.m.

Rockabili—April 18th and 21st, many Gulls: 23rd to 26th,
Kittiwakes numerous. July 19th and 20th, flocks of Black-
headed Gulls fishing all day; these birds are not common at
this station: 28th, do. August 10th, Black-headed Gulls

4a

114 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889

_
fishing all day: 12th to 18th, many Kittiwakes, Herring Gulls,
and Black-headed Gulls about the rock. November 11th, the
Gulls which had taken up their residence on the “ Bill” have
all deserted us: 22nd, a few Gulls fishing.

Copeland (Mew) Island—June 21st, large flocks Kittiwakes
during the summer, but no breeding-place near. Also a good
number of Herring Gulls, and occasionally a few common
Gulls. September 15th, Kittiwakes began to leave on September
1st. November 25th, scarcely a Gull is to be seen: 29th, some
“Royal” Gulls about the island. December 2nd, a Kitti-
wake seen to-day going S.; one or two Royal Gulls during
December.

Maidens North —March 1st, many Herring Gulls.
Innishtrahull.—March, “Common Gulls, Great Black-backed,
Small Black-backed, Herring, and Kittiwake Gulls are residents :

throughout the year.”

Aranmore.—June 10th, one “Ivory Gull” flying 8. Greater
and Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Herring Gulls breed here
in large numbers. July, Gulls about every day. November
18th, six Black-backed Gulls going N.E.

Rathlin O’Birne—Immense flocks of “Common Gulls” are
round the island at all seasons, but more especially in spring
and summer. They nest on the rocks to the west of the
island.

Blackrock, Mayo—March 11th, a number of small Gulls all
day about the rock, apparently commencing to nest (the
light-keeper calls these birds “ Didleens”)—{Kittiwakes.—
R. M. BJ]; two Royal Gulls about the rock: 25th, a great
number of “ Didleens” about the rock. April, two Royal Gulls
about the rock every day. May, numbers of “Didleen Gulls”
and two Royal Gulls about the rock each day. October, Gulls
about all the month. November 15th, one cream-coloured
Sea Gull on the rock all day; wind strong S., misty to rain
[perhaps an Iceland Gull—R. M. B.].

Slyne Head, S—May 16th, eight Kittiwake Gulls arrived to
build. Gulls round the island throughout the year.

Tearaght.—February 16th, several different species of Gulls
about the island all day. March 14th, first Kittiwakes for the
season. July 27th, six Kittiwakes round the light. September
14th and 15th, several Royal Gulls and some young Herring

i: Tew

1889] IRISH COAST 115

Gulls. October 23rd, several Gulls and Kittiwakes: 31st,
one cream-coloured Gull all day about the rock; wind strong
S.W. December 4th, Peregrine killing Herring Gull (see under
Hawk).

Skelligs—March 14th, Kittiwakes first appeared.

Bull Rock, Kerry —Auegust 8th, large numbers of Kittiwakes
still on roek.

SKUAS.
Rockabill.— July 27th, several “Skuas fishing”; wind

’

moderate W., gloomy. These birds seldom visit this station.

MANX SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorum, Temminck).

Fastnet.—April 5th, several to-day, passing one at a time,
going W.: 9th, three going N.W.; “I think they must breed
near shore dwellings on Crookhaven side of the harbour, as
I often hear their cry at night”: 29th, Shearwaters, Puffins,
Razorbills, and Guillemots fishing in large numbers.

Old Head, Kinsale—May 22nd, one killed striking at 1.30
A.M.; several seen about light. [Leg and wing received. ]

Coningbeg Light-ship—Many seen daily during the months
of May, June, July, August, and September.

Rockabill—July 30th, several seen fishing all day; not often
seen.

South Rock Light-ship—April 24th, five “ Mackerel cocks.”
June 4th, two do.

Aranmore.—July, many throughout the month. September
1st and 2nd, Manx Shearwaters about and passing all night.
These birds were here this year in great numbers, and were last
heard on September 2nd.

Slyne Head, S—May 23rd, two Manx Shearwaters killed
striking; wind fresh S.W., rain. [Leg and wing sent.]

ForK-TAILED PETREL (Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, Vieill).

Old Head, Kinsale—March 27th, “I got four Fork-tailed
Petrels’ eggs at Tearaght altogether; one in ’86, which I sent
to Mr Ussher; two in ’87, one of which I sent to Mr More (it
was unfortunately broken in transit), the other to you; and
one in ’88, which I sent to you with the bird—it was very
much hatched” [Francis Ryan in lit. to R. M. B.]

116 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

StoRM PETREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Fastnet—Hundreds appeared about the light on July 27th;
several captured and let off again; wind light N.W., misty.
August 4th, three seen flying in the rays of the light at 11 p.m;
misty.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 12th, one in the afternoon: 18th,
one: 22nd and 23rd, four Storm Petrels during day; wind
light W., clear: 29th, five about the ship: 30th, fourteen at
10.30 a.M.; wind fresh 8.W., clear: 31st, several during the
day ; wind fresh 8.W., clear. June 1st and 2nd, several about
ship. July 20th, nine about ship; wind light S.W.: 24th and
25th, several: 28th to August 8th, one daily. September 13th,
one: 15th, nine: 16th, one in lantern at 8 A.M.: 24th, one on
ship: 17th, flock about ship. October 7th, several about; gale,
clear.

South Rock Inght-ship—August 20th, two about ship (first
noticed this year).

Rathlin O' Birne-—June 14th, first observed. Build in large
numbers, and some of the eggs were observed to be of a bluer
colour than others. August 30th, one struck at midnight.
[Leg and wing received. |

Tearaght—May 1st, several at 11 P.M.; two caught: 23rd
and 24th, one about lantern. June 24th and July 3rd, Petrels
about the lantern each night; two caught: 27th and 28th,
immense numbers of Petrels all night round the light; one
killed, several caught; fog, rain. September 19th, one caught
in rabbit trap. [Leg and wing received.]

Bull Rock.—July 29th, some Moths forwarded caught at light
during a fog last night. A large number of Storm Petrels made
several attempts to enter the lantern at the same time.

RAZORBILL and GUILLEMOT (Alca torda, Linn., and
Uria trovle, Linn.).

Fastnet—February 4th to 9th, thousands of Razorbills feeding ;
no Puffins observed: 20th, first Guillemots observed this year ;
also Puffins. March 4th, many Kittiwakes and Razorbills.
April 5th, one small black diver, name unknown, observed near
shore fishing, all black, with a white mark on each wing, black,
sharp-pointed bill, and red legs; “I often see one, but never

1889] IRISH COAST 117

more at a time”—[Black Guillemot.—R. M. B.]: 12th, Razor-
bills in large numbers: 13th, about fifty: 29th, Razorbills,
Guillemots, Puffins, and Shearwaters in large numbers. May
_ 25th, about fifty Razorbills. June 3rd, three Guillemots, the
first seen for some time. July 10th, Guillemots numerous:
12th, one Razorbill and a young one about rock: 26th, several
Razorbills: 80th, three Razorbills and young ones. August 8th
and 17th, several Razorbills and their young. .
Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 9th, several flocks of “ Murs.”
fockabili— May 14th, numbers about. July 28th, Razorbills
and Guillemots fishing allday. August 14th to 24th, Razorbills
very numerous.
Copeland (Mew) Island—Razorbills and Guillemots are
observed both summer and winter.
Maidens South—April, large flocks fishing.
Lnnishtrahull—aApril 21st, Puffins and Razorbills fishing.
Aranmore.—Guillemots and Razorbills left about August 6th.
Blackrock, Mayo.—March 11th, two flocks of Razorbills or
Guillemots going N.: 25th, great numbers of Razorbills. April
7th, a flock of Puffins or Guillemots going N., but too high
to distinguish them. May, Razorbills and Guillemots daily.
November, Guillemots and Razorbills going 8. all the month.
Tearaght.—F¥ebruary 17th, fifty Guillemots about rock; wind
moderate ; first for the season. These birds breed here in large
numbers ; also Razorbills and Puffins. March 10th, first Razor-
bills for the season. July 31st, Guillemots and Razorbills
leaving the rock. October 23rd, flocks of Razorbills noted.
Skelligs—January 23rd, Guillemots about rock; first this
year. March 1st, Razorbills about rock; first this year.
July 10th, Guillemots and Razorbills commencing to leave, as
their young are fledged; nearly all had left by the 30th
of July.
Bull Rock.—Razorbills left third week in July; Guillemots
second week in July.

. PourrFin (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).
Fastnet—February 20th, hundreds all day; also Razorbills
and Guillemots and many Gannets; first Puffins observed this
year. April 29th, Puffins, Razorbills, Guillemots, and Shear-
waters fishing in large numbers.

118 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
>

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 24th, a flock going N.E.; large
flocks daily during May, June, July, August, and September.

Rockabill.—May 14th, numerous Puffins. July 26th, several.
August 10th, Puffins all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 13th, one found dead on the
rocks. July 27th, do. September 4th, large flocks passing to
the E. October 6th, one young bird washed ashore dead: 8th,
an old bird also washed ashore dead.

Killybegs—March 30th, three; first noticed this year.
August Ist, last noticed to-day.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 7th, a flock of Puffins or Guillemots
going N., but too high to distinguish them: 16th, several Puffins
arrived to nest.

Tearaght—March 15th, first Puffins: 23rd, a great rush in
the afternoon; wind strong W. July 27th, one Parrot round
the lantern at 11 P.M.

Skelligs—March 25th, first appeared.

Bull Rock.—Left last week in July.

GREAT NORTHERN Diver (Colymbus glaciaiis, Linn.).

Fastnet—April 5th, one seen fishing off shore, in splendid
plumage ; rare to observe them so late.

LITTLE GREBE (Podiceps fluviatilis, Tunstall).

Slyne Head, S—November 16th, small bird killed striking at
11 p.M.; wind light E., cloudy. [Little Grebe received in flesh. ]

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHAG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Fastnet_—February 21st, several green and brown; one or
two noted occasionally in this month and April. May 1st, two
large-crested Cormorants: 5th, small Green Cormorant; wind
moderate; this was the smallest Cormorant I ever saw:
23rd, several fishing. June 18th, one Green Cormorant:
19th, five Cormorants. July 28th, four Brown Cormorants.

Spit Bank.—December 20th, eight Cormorants: 23rd, several
about harbour.

Mine Head—March 16th, four going 8S. April 6th, three
going S.

1889] IRISH COAST 119

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 7th, one about ship: 8th, one
going N.E. <A few noted constantly during May: 26th,
thirteen going S.S.W. June Ist, one going S8.W.: 2nd, 5th,
8th, and 9th, one about ship. July 10th to 15th, from
one to three Cormorants: 26th, two going N.E.: 30th, one.
September 12th, two: 17th and 30th, one.

Rockabill—April 9th, several crested Cormorants: 18th, two:
27th, May 14th, and July 17th, Cormorants noted. August
10th to 24th, Cormorants very numerous. November 20th,
Cormorants. (These birds are not as numerous as last winter,
probably owing to the mild season.) December 11th, three:
12th, four.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—Cormorants always to be seen.

Dunree Head.—A few noted twice in January going N.

Aranmore.—Black and Green Cormorants always about.

Rathlin O’ Birne.—Cormorants always here.

Killybegs.— Observed at all times.

Broadhaven.—Cormorants, Black and Green, very numerous
this season.

Blackrock, Mayo—Numbers of Cormorants, crested and not
crested, always about.

Slyne Head, S—Cormorants always plentiful.

Arran Island, S—May 4th, Cormorants passing all day in
numbers, going W.

Tearaght.—Cormorants seem to have increased at this station
since last year. -

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Fastnet.—February 20th, many. March 28th, several. Several
during April going W. May, odd ones noted; several on 23rd:
thirteen going N.W.on 24th. June, several throughout month:
12th, “fourteen, two of them this year’s birds, all black, all
going W.”: 14th, “four, three of them this year’s birds.”
Numerous at end of month. July 10th, numerous. August,
constantly noted: 20th, “two, this year’s birds”: 22nd, “two,
last year’s birds”: 23rd, “a hundred, several were this year’s
birds ; some lying on the water gorged.”

Old Head, Kinsale—March 1st, several going W.: 3rd, forty
going W.

Coningbeg Light-ship—Many from June to September.

120 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—January 2nd, three flocks of
Gannets going N.E.: 4th, several going N.: 8th, a flock going
N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 25th, four going N.E.:
29th, three do. April 1st, five Gannets going N.E.: 15th, nine
going N.E. ;

Arklow South Light-ship—April 6th, a flock going N.E.:
10th, a flock going N.E.

Kish Bank Inght-ship.cSeptember 6th, three going N.

Rockabill—April 5th and 6th, several going S.: 25th, five
going 8.: 26th, numerous Gannets: 27th, several going S.
29th, several going S. July 15th, Gannets going 8. all day:
31st, several going 8. all day. August 12th, one Spotted
Gannet going S. December 3rd, two going S. )

South Rock Lnght-ship—March 2nd, six going N.E. April

15th, ten going N.E.: 16th, thirteen going N.E.: 20th, a flock :

24th, five going N.E.; also five going 8.W.: 29th, a flock going
N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 13th, Gannets always seen.
November 28th, some young birds about.

Maidens North.—June 8th, six Gannets going 8.E.

Maidens South.—April, large flocks.

Innishtrahull.—March 14th, three.- April 6th, a number.
July 18th, a young bird fishing.

Aranmore.—July, Gannets noticed every day. September
27th, a great number. October 9th, numbers.

Rathlin O Birne-—Not so plentiful as last year.

Killybegs—March 26th, two going 8.; first seen this year.

Blackrock, .Mayo.—March 11th, Gannet going N. each day
since the 1st of the month. April, numbers about, and flocks
going N. during the early part of the month. May, Gannet
fishing round the rock every day. October, Gannets noticed
all the month. November, Gannets going S. all the month.

Slyne Head, Si—Few this year.

Tearaght.— June 12th, twenty old and young birds: also on
16th, 18th, 20th, and 22nd. September 14th, 15th, and 17th,
Gannets, old and young, fishing.

Skelligs—January 3rd, five seen, flew W.

Bull Rock.—August 8th, the colony of Gannets has not
decreased in numbers during the last five years. About one

:
:
|
:

|

a eg i be

—:1889] IRISH COAST 121

thousand of them may be seen on the W. side of the rock
during the months of June and July. About fifty or sixty
Gannets, nearly all black, have been seen. Gannets live on
W. side of rock. All others on N.E. and S. More Sea-Parrots
live on N. side. Kittiwakes on E. and S.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Fasinet.—July 31st, one flying 8.

Spit Bank.—December 20th, seven feeding on bank: 22nd
seventeen: 24th, nine. “They frequent the Spit Bank at low
water every day.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—August 1st, one or two seen from
time to time throughout the year. November 3rd, some always
about. December 22nd, many to-day.

Innishtrahull—RJune to December, one to four noted occa-
sionally.

Aranmore.—September 23rd, one at station.

Rathlin O’ Birne—* Cranes” frequent the island.

Broadhaven.—Herons plentiful here.

Slyne Head, S—October 12th and 2dth, one “Crane” on
island.

“ GEESE.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 10th, flocks of Geese
about ship in the afternoon ; sleet and snow.

South Rock Light-ship.— October 13th, a flock of Wild Geese
going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—December 30th, about two hundred
birds like Geese going N.

Innishtrahull—January 23rd, four Barnacle going S.W.
March oth, thirteen: 14th, eighteen Barnacle Geese going N.E. ;
wind fresh. April 3rd, nine Barnacle going N.E. October 4th,
five about island: 24th, seventeen Barnacle Geese going S.W.
November 19th, three Brent Geese about island.

Avranmore.—Barnacle Geese left about first week in May.
September Ist, a large flock of Barnacle going S. October
21st and 29th, Barnacle in flocks all day, going S. November
18th, flocks of Barnacle passing and repassing during the early
morning. December, Snow Buntings, Linnets, and Barnacle
Geese are the only birds observed this month.

I

122 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1889
_

Rathlin O Birne—February 20th, three Barnacle going N.;
the last observed.

Kiliybegs—March 5th, four Wild Geese going N. October
14th and 27th, a few Wild Geese. These birds remain on the
uninhabited island of Inishduff throughout the year, but, except
in frosty weather, they are rarely seen at Killybegs. November
26th, one hundred Wild Geese going 8.

Slyne Head, S—January 7th, thirteen Barnacle on the
adjacent island, eleven on small rock. December 2nd, eight
Barnacle going N.E.: 25th, twenty-four going S.E.

Tearaght.— December 10th, Barnacle going E.; gale N.W.

WickEon (Mareca penelope, Linn.),

Maidens South—October 19th, a “Teal” killed striking west
side of lantern at 11 p.M.; gale E. [Lege and wing of Wigeon
received. |

Common Scoter (Gdemia nigra, Linn.).

Maidens North.—November (?), a bird killed at night. [Wing
and tongue of Common Scoter received. ]

DUCKS.

Fastnet—April 9th, “ Dippers or Dip Jacks,” as they are
called by the country people, are very numerous in Crookhaven
Harbour; I think they breed here.

Boningbey Light-ship.—February 27th, nine about light at
4.30 aM.; wind N.E,, overcast. September 26th, one flock Wild
Duck going S.E. N ees 15th, one Teal noted: 26th, nine
Wild Duck about light at 2 A.M.; wind moderate N.W., clear.

Tuskar.—November 8th, three going towards shore.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—January 3rd, two flocks going W.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 10th, flocks about ship.

Rockabill—November 15th, a great many Wild Duck said
to be on Church Island at present; I often hear them at night
passing.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 4th, two seen to-day. A small
number frequent the island; these birds bred here formerly.
December 9th, a flock of Wild Duck flying about the island.

Maidens South—January 14th, five White-breasted Divers

q

1889] IRISH COAST 123

about all day, resembling Ducks, and having white breasts:
31st, a flock of White-breasted Divers going W. Many
of these birds are about during the months of November and
December.

Slyne Head, S—May 24th, one Sheldrake about the island,

Brrps not IDENTIFIED.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 24th, shortly after sunrise
a small bird perched on the window; back and head dark brown,
breast dirty white; seemed fatigued, and uttered a loud, hard
chirrup ; flew towards the shore with a bounding flight.

Maidens South.—November 30th, a small bird on the rock at
2 P.M.; green on the back, bright yellow on breast and legs.

Innishtrahull.——July 13th, at 11 A.M., two birds larger than a
Blackbird, apparently of a very dark colour, with short pointed
wings, which were beating the air very rapidly with a loud
whirr (which first drew my attention), flew very fast towards
the N.E. They were keeping close together and in line, only
about six yards from the ground, and were out of sight in about
half a minute. I never saw birds flying so fast.

Rathlin O Birne—May 23rd, a strange bird on the island;
appeared very tired. Colour—dirty grey on the back, white
breast. Wings very long for size of bird. In size somewhat
larger than a Woodcock, and had a somewhat similar flight.
It only flew a short distance, and was going 8.E. for shore.

Kullybegs—December 8th, one “ Hollinhawk” (local name),
a large bird with a white breast, black wings and back, observed
resting on the water.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Fastnet.—April 9th, “ there have been no birds killed striking
or otherwise since I commenced to fill in schedule on the 30th
November last.”

Aranmore.—June, a Long-eared Bat caught in lantern; first
I have ever seen.

Blackrock, Mayo—< Two Bats about rock all summer; left
about September.”

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126 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
> ‘

Lo fs o
= 3 5
3 ay sg
List oF LicHT SraTIons. a Ee or ae 5 5 5 Names of Observers.
2&8 Schedules. G 5 &
5 nw < ow
3 & =
3a =
mM
3a.Spit Bank, Cork,...............05 4 0 excellent. x x - George Dunleavy.
4. Mine Head, Waterford,.......... 2 0 good. x x - Henry Williams.
5a.Hook Tower, Wexford,... ...... 3 21 excellent. x x - Daniel Hawkins.
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 1 2 poor. o x 10 Peter King.
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do., 1 5 good. x o 4 Chae ries ane
John Hamilton, P.
7. Tuskar Rock, do., 3 55 very good. x x 7 Corisb, and J. M.
Leary.
: : James Byrne nd
7a.Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do., 38 6 very good. x x 9 "Michael eae ss
: j P. Cullen, Daniel
7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do., 3 15 very good. x x 6 Dunn, and John
( Murphy.
8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 4 15 excellent. x x 7 We ee
8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 4 10 excellent. x x 8 A.B. Wall.
9a.Codling Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin, 1 0 poor. x o 7 Joseph Oxford.
10. Kish Bank Lt.-ship, do., 1 1 poor. x o*7 Michael Cunniam.
11. Howth Baily, do., 2 Overy good. x x — R. Armstrong.

Thomas Cooney, Pat-
rick Clancy, and
Henry Thompson.

E. M‘Carron and C.

126.South Rock Lt.-ship, Down,... 2 3 good. x

ca)
oo
=

3

b

13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., .. 3 6 very good. x

Hawkins.

‘ ; B. Sole and Francis
14.*Maidens South, Antrim,......... 2 28 good. Xk } Maguire.
14. Maidens North, do., ....... .. 1 7 poor. o x 5 Patrick Keenan.
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 2 3 very good. x x 6 yc =
17. Dunree Head, do., .......... 1 0 good. x x - J. Brownell.
20, Aranmore, Ose axcheneene 2 1 very good. x x 5 Thomas Fortune.
22. Killybegs, Ghose MG onscncas 2 2 good. xx - Hoh oe andy
23. Oyster Island, South, Sligo,.... 1 4 good. o x 1 J. F. Connell.
31. Slyne Head, S., Galway,........ 3 0 very good. x x 3 P. D’Arcy.
32. Arran Island, N., do., ........ 2 1 good. x x 9 Michael Barry.
34. Arran Island, S., do., ........ 1 0 very good. o x 6 J. CO. MacGinley
Sie meamacht, Kerry, ...Skeediessssee 6 24 excellent. x x 9 W.H. James.
SOMOKOMIOG. AO.) |) ccidscevssesens 1 0 good. o x 9 R. Phelan.

Old Head, Kinsale, sent 1 specimen, Rockabill 11, Vidal Bank 1, Rathlin Island 2,
and Blackrock, Mayo, 4.

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 228.

o= No reply. x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Spring, replies received from 22 stations. Autumn, replies received from 24 stations.

1890] IRISH COAST 127

LeGs, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

Hobby, . . Skin, . «4 Rested, and { 23/ 5 mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.

died on board
Kestrel, . . Legandwing, Killed st.,4. 19/ 4 mo., Rathlin Island.

PA Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, . . 11/10 mo., Blackrock, Mayo.
Spotted Flycatcher, Rec'd. inspirits, __,, Ree’d, 23/ 5 mo., Tuskar.
Red-breasted ,, Ree’d. in flesh, nee Oe . 20/10 mo., Tearaght,

Pied -. % she hos , 7/8mo., Tuskar.
Missel-Thrush, . Leg and wing, ha (ed . 16/12 mo., Hook Tower.
” ” : sis Killed st., . 20/ 2mo., Maidens S.

” ” : a s . 26/ 2mo., ES
Thrush, = ’ 3 . 26/10 mo., Hook Tower.

* 5 . 2 5 . 18/11 mo., Coningbey Lt.-ship.

44 : ‘ 23 x . 25/ 2mo., Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.

= ‘ : «t re . 18/ 3mo., Tuskar.

See d'5 S; . 14/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh

mA : ’ 5; 7! . 9/12 mo., A >

a 7 ‘ . , Supposed 23/2 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship

Bs : : 3 + . 19/11 mo., PP os

2 z F . 20/ 4mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

f 3 4 , 3 $ . 20/ 2mo., Maidens S.

- ; i ne if . 26/ 2 mo., as

“ : : He 6 . 19/12 mo., Maidens N.

» Fi . 17/11 mo,, Oyster Island, S.

Caught in
rabbit-trap,
3 Supposeddo., 19/12 mo.,

11/ 1 mo., Tearaght.

?
as Killed st., . 6/12 mo., Hook Tower.
cts fe . 24/12 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
3 A . 10/11 mo., South Rock Lt.-ship.
» oS . 14/12 mo., Tearaght. .
ia “ss . 6/12 mo., Hook Tower.
% x . 9/12 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
i Found killed, 20/ 4 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
re Killed, . 19/12 mo., Maidens N.
» 2 8/12 mo., Tearaght.

Disabled by
Sparrow- asp mo., Hook Tower.

hawk,
‘ ‘ nA Killed st., . 24/ 2mo., Barrels Rock. Lt.-ship.
two, . iz; 53 . 17/ 8mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt. -ship.
‘ “, = . 13/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
" ” . 9/12 mo., » »
‘ ,, Supposed 23/2 mo,, Arklow S. Lt. -ship.

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

128 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
-

Lecs, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

Blackbird, . . Legandwing, Killedst., . 16/11 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

is : F “i, op . 20/ 2mo., Maidens S.

” . . 3 9 . 22/ 2 mo., 9

” . : » 3 . 183/ 3 mo., Lanishtrahull.
» . . 3p » + . 4/11 mo., Oyster Island, S.

21/12 mo., Tearaght.

Ring-Ouzel, - A HONS 14/ 4 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
(supposed),
Redstart, . . Rec'd. in flesh, i 23/ 4 mo., Rockabill.
Stonechat, . . Legandwing, Shot, . . 17/12 mo., Hook Tower.
a5 ; ; He Killed st., . 18/ 8mo., Kish Bank Lt.-ship.
Whinchat, . : if i . 9/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Wheatear, . : oe. 53 . 18/ 3mo., Luskar..
Ap : . Ree’d. in flesh, ee . 17/ 3 mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
a ; ; ;, 2 . 12/ 4mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
oS : : HB Caught, . 17/ 4mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
FP two, . é. 2 . 18/ 4mo., Rockabill.
ae three, . Me 2 . 24/ 4mo., ‘
39 ’ . Legand wing, Killedst., . 8/ 5mo., Maidens 8S.
Ap : . Leg, wing, tail, Founddead, 29/ 7 mo., Tearaght.
: . Leg,wings, tail, Gace siap 14/ 9 mo., 7
lantern,
Sedge Warbler, . Legand wing, Killedst., . 8/ 5 mo., Hook Tower.
5 no : i Killed, . 10/ 5mo., *
5 ae . Rec’d.inflesh, Killed st., . 20/ 5 mo., “7
” oe) . ” ” ° 10/ 8 mo., 29
a ,, aboutten, i, 3 16/-23/5 mo., Tuskar.
aS ,», twenty, - chiefly, _,, 8/-11/8 mo., ss .
+ Y; . Leg and wing, - . 9/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
A ».two, . Rec'd. in flesh, - , 25/ 5 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rs », two, . 34 39 . - 9/ 5mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
m8 Fi . Leg and wing, sty . 8/5 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
as »,two, . Rec’d. in flesh, ay . 9/ 5mo., Maidens S.
ae } * * . 10/ 8mo., Hook Tower.
50 ‘ : eS Caughtondeck,19/ 4 mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Whitethroat, . Legand wing, Killedst., . 8/ 5mo., Hook Tower.
35 : F A Killed, ~ iLO} Simos, 53
oh - : f, Found dead, 10/ 5 mo., Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
,, about fifteen, Rec’d. in flesh, [Killedst., 16/-23/5mo., Tuskar.
A : . Leg and wing, 5 . 9/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Py : . Ree’d, in flesh, ss . 8/5mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
7 F ’ oe ae’ - . 16/ 5mo., Rockabili.
ya ; - ae Caught st., . 20/ 5 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.

1 Supposed killed striking some time before.

1890} IRISH COAST

Species. How Received. How Procured, Date.
Lesser Whitethroat, Rec’d.in flesh, Shot, ‘1/10 mo.,
Yellow-browed } u of 14/10 mo.,
Warbler, . :
Wood Wren, Leg, wing, tail, re 27/ 5 mo.,
Willow Wren, Ree’d. in flesh, eres 8/ 5 mo.,
bs » two. Legsandwings, Killed st., 12/ 4 mo.,
eS - .| Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, 23/ 5 mo.,
in spirits,
8 ,, three, Rec’d.inflesh, Killed st., 11/ 8 mo.,
ifs 3 . Leg and wing, 3 . 15/ 4mo.,
55 ,, two,. Ree’d. in flesh, Deadondeck, 17/ 4 mo,,
ss : ee 2 . 18/ 4mo.,
.., @ , 24/ 4mo.,
4 3 : . Legand wing, Foundkilled, 24/ 4 mo.,
4 "eae . Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., 9/ 5 mo.,
Chiftchaff, . : z 2 24/ 4 mo.,
Golden-crested Leg and wing, Picked up | 15/11 mo.,
Wren, alive,
ue . Ree’d. in flesh, Killed st., 19/10 mo.,
4 . Leg and wing, 5 21/ 3 mo.,
¥3 % % 25/ 3 mo.,
7 Ree’d. in flesh, Canes 21/10 mo.,
lantern, -
Wren, . “a Killed st., 8/ 5 mo,
Grey Wagtail, ConebEsap 19/10 mo.,
lantern, .
Titlark, Leg and wing, Died on deck, 27/ 3 mo.
probably
a Legs and wings, * 2 Ree’d. 19/ 8 mo.,
: a Wing, Killed st., 20/ or 26/2,
i Ree’d. in flesh, Caught at 19/ 4mo.,
lantern, .
Skylark Leg and wing, _ Killed, 24/10 mo.,
a s Killed st., 14/11 mo.,
- Pf re 17/11 mo.,
a ss + 14/12 mo.,
as 3 Killed, Supposed 23/2 mo.,
” 5a Killed st., 16/11 ma.,
9 9 15/12 mo.,
” %) ” 29/12 mo.,
“3 Wing, Fr 12/10 mo.,
e ; . Leg and wing, J. . 12/12 mo.,
| vs : ; 3 ee « 10/i2 mo};
4 e - e cr 14/ 2 mo.,
. » three, . Legs and wings, , 20/-22/2 mo.,

129

LEGS, WINGS, ETC., RECEILVED—continued.

Name of Station.

Tearaght.

2)

Blackrock, Mayo.
Old Head, Kinsale.
Hook Tower,

Tuskar.

9

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Maidens 8.
Rockabill,

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Maidens S,

2?

Tearaght.

Maidens 8.
Arran Island, N.

“| Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.

Mi dias S.
Blackrock, Mayo.

Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.

2? ”

2)

Arklow S. Li.- selon

3” be)

? 29

oo
Arklow N. Lt. saliieh
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Maidens 8.

?

9

130 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
:

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Species, How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

Skylark, . . Leg and wing, Killedst., . 12/ 3 mo., Maidens S.

+) ~ 92 ” * 20/ 3 mo., a)
- 3 : or 3 . 21/ 3 mo., te
Bs ? é 3 $5 . 25/3 mo., as

ge : 5 3 Ac . 20/ 4mo., 34
Short-toed Lark, . Rec’d.in flesh, Shot, . , 11/10 mo., Blackrock, Mayo.
Yellow Bunting,. Legand wing, Killed st., 20/or26/2mo., Maidens S.

Ps 5 6 3 Found dead, 28/ 3 mo., Me
_Chaffinch, . . Leg and wings, 2 25/10 mo., Tearaght.
Greenfinch, . . Legand wing, Shot, . . 17/12 mo., Hook Tower.
Mealy Redpole, . Rec'd. in flesh, a i. . 20/ 9mo., Tearaght,
Starling, . . Leg and wing, Killed, . 23/ 2mo., Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
i : - 5 Killed st., . 18/ 3mo., Tuskar.
ey ‘ : 8 4, . 15/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
i ; : a », Supposed 23/ 2 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
ah : ‘ A 3 . 20/ 2mo., Maidens S.
A ; , ‘is re . 19/12 mo., Pree (6
Bi : : - 5 . 31/12 mo., Tearaght.
Chough, . oe 2 With letter .
dated 19/3
Rook, . ; : us Caught st.,. 5/11 mo., -
Jackdaw, . : 5 Shot, . . 2/12 sent, 35
Swallow, . g 5 Found dead 30/ 4 mo., Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
on deck,
x : 4 a4 Caught ie 13/ 5 mo., Lnnishtrahull.
island, .
5 : . Ree’d.in flesh, Caught, . 18/ 5mo., Tearaght.
Cuckoo, : : re Struck mast, 10/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
As ‘ : rp Shot, . , 15/ 7 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.
~ ; : 4 Killed st., . 20/ 5 mo., Oyster Island, S.
Turtle Dove, ‘ x Shot, . . 8/ 5mo., Tuskar.
Found at
Water-Rail, peed Peregrine’s 9/10 mo., Tearaght.
feathers, . feeding-place
ST

Golden Plover, . Leg and wing, Killed st., . 11/12 mo., Mwidens WN.
Green Plover, . ity ae en tae) 2 mors Sh as
Woodcock, . aA 33 <=. O/LT moe, se As
Common Snipe, . Ree’d. in flesh, 25/ 5 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

” °
is. + . Legand wing, Killed, . 9/12 mo., Maidens N.
ie SS 5 ia 3 Killed st., . 11/12 mo., 9
Jack Snipe, . ; RS Killed, . 23/ 4mo., Hook Tower.
Dunlin, two, . Legsandwings, Killed st., . 15/11 mo., x
5 ? . Ree’d.in flesh, Found dead, 25/ 5 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

ss : : * 90 18/ 4 mo., Rockabill.
Purple Sandpiper, Leg and wing, Shot, . . 14/11 mo., Hook Tower.

IRISH COAST 131

Leas, WINGS, ETc., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.
rple Sandpiper, Leg and wing, 2 28/12 mo., Tearaght.
" Shot, . . 23/ 5 mo., Innishtrahull.

Picked up at
Wing,

Peregrine’s 2/ 9mo., Tearaght.
feeding-place

» », 9/10 mo., ”
Caught at

”

Ree’d. in flesh, 21/ 8 mo., Aranmore.

light,
Leg and wing, Hilled! at 16/12 mo., Tearaght.
lanterp, .
Caught on
Rs 17/11 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
deck, :

Rec'd. in flesh, Caught, . 20/10 mo., South Rock Lt.-ship.

Caught at :
two, . - idistecay! , 15/ 8 mo., Killybegs.
” Caught st., . 20/ 8 mo., Rathlin Island.
Caught in
little Auk,. ” } mouth of tenn mo., Vidal Bank.
river,

Puffin, young, . Legandwing, Pickedup, . 8/12 mo., Tearaght.
Teal, . ‘ : a Disabled st., 22/10 mo., Oyster Island, S.

Auk, Little, :

Birds not identified,

Blackbird, .

ee Blackeap, 3

Brambling,

se Bullfinch, z

Bunting, Corn,
5G Snow, .
Yellow,

Chaffinch

Chiftchaff, .

Chough,

Cormorant,

Corn-Crake,

Crow, Hooded,

Cuckoo,

Curlew, .

Diver, Gr eat Nor rthern,

a Ducks,”

Dunlin,

Eagles,

Field fare, :

Flycatcher, Pied,

Re Red- br reasted,

A Spotted,

Gannet,
be Geese,”
General Obser vations,
Golden-crested Wren,
Goldfinch, :
Grasshopper Warbler,
Greenfinch, , :
Greenland Falcon,
Grouse, Red,
Guillemot, .
“Gulls,”
Hawfinch, .
“* Hawks,”
Heron,
Hobby,
Jackdaw,
Kestrel, .
Kittiwake Gull, .
Lark, Short- toed,
“* Tinnets,”’
Magpie,
Manx Shear water,
Martin, House,

ieesand,
Mealy’ Redpole, ;
Missel-Thrush,
Owls, : :
Oyster-Catcher, ;
Partridge, , ;
Peregrine Falcon,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS
INDEX.

PAGE |
189 | Petrel, Fork-tailed,
195 », Storm,
142 | ‘‘ Pigeons,” j
150 | Plover, Golden, .
161 oo) Geen
164 » Ringed,
159 | Puffin, : :
159 | Raven,
159 | Razorbill,
160 | Redshank, . :
152 | Redstart, Black,
169 Common,
190 | Redwing,
176 | Ring-Ouzel,
169 | Robin, ;
174 | Rock-Pipit,
182 Rook) (55 :
190 | ‘‘Sand Larks,” .
194 | Sandpiper, Purple,
180 | Sedge Warbler,
133 | Shag, :
141 | Skylark,
135 | Snipe, Common, ,
135 wey lack.
135 | Sparrow-Hawk, .
191 » Hedge,.
193 | ‘‘Sparrows,”
196 | Starling,
152 | Stonechat, .
162 | Swallow,
149 | ‘‘Swans,”
162 | Swift,
133 | Teal, . 3
176 | Tern, Arctic,
188 », Common, .
185 | Thrush,
161 | Titlark,
134 | “Tits,”
192 | Turnstone,
133 | Turtle Dove,
A Sihwates:: ,
133 | Wagtail, Grey, .
185 | ‘‘ Wagtails,”
159 | Water-Rail,
162 | Wheatear, .
172 | Whimbrel,
187 | Whinchat, :
173 | Whitethroat, Common,
173 os Lesser, .
162 | Willow Wren,
135 | Woodcock,
135 | Wood Wren,
179 | Wren,
176 | Yellow-browed Warbler,
133

[1890

PAGE

187

1890] IRISH COAST 133

EAGLES.

Aranmore.—April 2nd to 29th, “two Eagles with white band
on tail and white ball on wings.—TuHomas FORTUNE.”

GREENLAND Faucon (falco candicans, Gmel.).

Tearaght.—April 16th, one “Jer-Falcon” observed to S.E.
towards some other islands at 4 PM.; wind light N.E.,
detached cloud, mist.

PEREGRINE FAcon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Mine Head.—April 13th, two Peregrines about cliffs: 21st,
two.

Hook Tower.—March 11th, one Peregrine Falcon seen fre-
quently in the autumn; they breed in the cliffs near Bagganbun,
about four miles off.

Aranmore—January and February, Falcon Hawks seen
occasionally, and constantly in July and August. December,
one pair of Falcons occasionally.

Tearaght— August 31st, four Peregrines at 10 AM.; wind
light 8.W. September 28th, two all day. December 27th,
two all day. “Two or three Woodcock were seen lately, but
not shot; the Peregrine was seen to seize one and carry it
towards another island, and another day to seize another
brown bird, sort not known, which he dropped in the sea
when a Herring Gull chased him, and the Gull got it.”

Hopsy (Falco subbuteo, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 23rd, one Hawk rested at
noon; wind light 8.E., clear; died on board next day.—JAmES
Byrne. [Skin of Hobby received. ]

KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 22nd, one about station. March 3rd,
two: 12th, two all day. April 1st, and September 8th and
24th, one. October 8th, two.

Rathlin Island.— April 19th. [Leg and wing of Kestrel
received, killed striking at 10 P.M.]

Aranmore.—January and February, Kestrels seen occasion-
ally, and constantly in July and August.

134 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, “I am sending you two birds shot
on the 11th inst., as I thought they were strange ones.—
RicHarD WippicomBs.” [Kestrel and Short-toed Lark received
in flesh. ]

Arran Island, N—July 28th, one Kestrel going S. August
2nd, two on rock: 6th, two going E. September 8th, one on
rock,

Tearaght.—July 31st and August 11th, one. August 31st,
four Peregrines and one Kestrel at 10 a.m.; wind light S.W.
December 30th, one Kestrel.

SPARROW-HaAwK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.),

Mine Head.—October 26th, saw a Sparrow-Hawk pounce on
a young Blackbird: 29th, two going 8.

Hook Tower.—October 26th and November 1st, one.

Arklow North Light-ship—October 16th, “one large Hawk,
Sparrow-Hawk,” came from W. at 8.30 a.M.; rested on main-
mast and went 8.E.; gale N.W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 7th, ,a small Hawk,
perhaps a Sparrow-Hawk, observed on island: 9th, Sparrow-
Hawk on island. ¢

Oyster Island, S—October 28th, one going W.

Tearaght.—October 7th and November 16th, one Sparrow-
Hawk.

“ HAWKS.”

Mine Head.—March 8th, 15th, and April 1st, 22nd, and 25th,
one or two noted.

Tuskar.—March 11th, one Hawk killing small bird on the
rock: 22nd and 29th, one on rock. April 7th, one ilying W. at
10 am.; gale N.: 19th, one large Hawk on the rock at 7 A.M.;
wind light S.E. October 27th, Hawk shot.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 22nd, one following a
Chaffinch at 6.30 a.M.; wind light 8.W., clear. September
21st, one about ship at 5 p.m. following a small bird; wind
light ‘W., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 28th, one about ship at
7 P.M.; wind S., fog. June 11th, one going N.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 11th, a large Hawk on
west part of island at noon,

1890] IRISH COAST 135

Innishtrahull,— March 25th, and April 4th and 29th, a
“Merlin Hawk” on island.

Slyne Head, S—March 26th, large mottled grey and white
Hawk (“hooded”) going N.E. at 9.30 am.; gale W., clear.
April 6th, one Common Hawk going E.: 8th, two do. going EF. :
25th, one large Hawk going E. at 2 p.m.; flew from island;
strong breeze N.W., clear; Sea Parrot found killed by large
Hawk at same time. August Ist, one Hawk going N.E.:
2nd, one Common Hawk going E. October 18th, one Common
Hawk on island: 22nd, one do.

Arran Island, N—May 15th, one Hawk going E. November
27th, one Hawk and one hundred Linnets going W. at 10 A.M. ;
wind light E., snow.

Skelligs—October 1st, one large Hawk going W.; wind
strong W.

OWLS,

Mine Head.—November 9th, two Owls flying S. at 4 P.M.;
wind light N., clear.

Maidens South—March 12th, one Qw] going 8.W. at 11 A.M.;
fresh breeze W., gloomy.

Sporrep FrycatcuEer (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[May 23rd, Spotted Flycatcher received in flesh, in
spirits; shot.]

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa parva, Bechst.).

Tearaght.—October 20th, one small bird shot at 11 A. ;
wind light N., blue sky, detached cloud. [Red-breasted Fly-
catcher received in flesh. ]

Prep FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn.). °

Tuskar.—August 7th, a bird shot and sent. [Pied Flycatcher
received in flesh.]

MissEL-THRUSH (Turdus viscivorus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—December 16th, one shot; not a usual visitor
at this station—{Leg and wing received]. A few seen during
the latter part of this month.
Rockabill.—March, great rushes of Missel-Thrushes and other
birds (see under Blackbird),

156 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

>
Maidens South—F¥ebruary 20th to 22nd, great rushes of
Thrushes and other birds (see full note under Common Thrush)
—[Leg and wing of Missel-Thrush received]: 26th, Thrushes
about light. [Leg and wing of Missel-Thrush received. ]

TurvusH (Turdus musicus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 21st, six going E.; two killed.

Hook Tower.—October 16th, Song Thrushes about lantern ;
gale N.W.: 26th, one Song Thrush killed striking; gale N.W.
[Leg and wing received]. November 17th, many round light;
wind moderate S.W., misty; two killed. December 15th,
Thrushes and Blackbirds round light all night; one Thrush
killed; wind fresh N.W. Many seen daily during latter part
of month; frost. _

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 15th, about half a dozen
round lantern; one killed striking; wind light 8.W., clear:
18th, many round the light; three killed; wind light S.W.
[Leg and wing received]. December 5th, 9th, and 14th, many
round light; some killed; wind moderate to. fresh E., cloudy.
The birds left at daybreak.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—F ebruary 22nd, some round light :
23rd, 24th, 25th, and 26th, some killed striking ; wind moderate
to fresh N.E. [Leg and wing received. ]

Tuskar.—February 19th, a flock at light; some killed; wind
strong 8.E.: 21st, do., with Starling: 22nd, two killed striking ;
wind light S.E., overcast. March 11th, Thrushes at the light
all night; wind fresh 8.W.: 17th, five all night: 18th, Thrush
killed striking —[Leg and wing received]. October 15th,
several going W.; wind strong N.W.: 18th, one; gale N.W.:
20th, 21st, and 23rd, large number of Thrushes, Blackbirds,
Starlings, and Redwings round light each night; seemed to be
mostly this year’s birds; wind light N., clear. November 4th,
7th, and 10th, great rushes (see under Starling): 14th, great
numbers, with other birds, all night, striking, several killed ;
gale 5., fog.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—March 15th, several, with Black-
birds, round lantern at midnight; wind light 8.W., clear; none
struck. October 23rd and November 5th, some going N.W.:
16th, some about lantern; calm, fog. December 15th, one at
10 p.M.; died on deck; wind moderate N.E.

ain

r

Py eee eS

a ee ee

:
2

1890] IRISH COAST 137

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—Apvril 5th, several: 20th, six
about light 10.30 p.m. to midnight; wind fresh S.W., gloomy.
November 7th, flocks going N.W. between 10 A.M. and 2 P.M. ;
wind strong N.W.: 10th, several Thrushes, Blackbirds, and
Starlings about light from 10 p.m. to midnight; several killed ;
strong gale S., rain: 11th, six Thrushes about light 10 P.M. to
midnight; two killed; strong breeze W., clear: 13th, 14th,
15th, and 16th (see under Blackbird)—[Leg and wing of
Thrush killed on 14th received]: 17th, several (see under

Lark): 18th and 19th, four about light. December 9th, flock

going W.: 10th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings
about light from 7 p.m. to daylight; went N.W.; wind moderate
S., hazy; ninteen killed, three disabled—{[Leg and wing of
Thrush received]: 11th, a flock (see under Blackbird): 12th,
several flocks, with Larks and Linnets, going N.E.: 14th, flocks
going N. at 11 a.m: 16th, a few at light, with Blackbirds; five
birds killed: 20th, flock going W.: 24th, some about light (see
under Starling): 29th, one flock going N.W.: 30th, two flocks
of Thrushes going 8.W.; gale E.

Arklow South Light-ship—F¥ebruary 19th, four killed striking
between 8 P.M. and midnight: 22nd, one killed striking: 23rd,
continuous flocks of Thrushes and other birds going N.W. and
striking (see under Starling). [April 3rd, Leg and wing of —
Thrush received, found in ball at masthead; believed to have
been killed on February 23rd.] October 13th, several Thrushes,
Blackbirds, and Larks; seven killed; wind moderate S.W.,
clear; “the first birds seen since June”: 17th and 18th, one
or two about ship all day: 19th, Starlings, Thrushes, and Black-
birds about light 8 P.M. to midnight; wind light N.N.E., clear;
a great many killed. November 10th and 11th, several at
night; gale 8.; several killed striking fell overboard, two on
deck: 13th, one about ship: 19th, a few small birds about
light; one killed on deck, several fell overboard—[Leg and
wing of Thrush received]: 29th, some going N.W. December
2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th, several about light (see
under Starling): 9th, a few about lantern; wind light S.E,
clear: 12th, one killed striking at 1.30 a.m.: 13th, one killed
striking at 2 AM.: 16th, several Thrushes and Blackbirds
about lantern during night; wind light E., clear; several

killed striking: 17th and 18th, one noted: 20th, some going
? K

138 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

N.W. during day: 31st, Starling and Thrushes going N.E.
during day.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 20th, several about light mid-
night to 4 A.M.; one killed striking—{Leg and wing of Thrush
received]. October 19th, Thrushes, Larks, Starlings, Black-
birds, and ‘‘ various kinds” about light from 8 P.M. to midnight;
wind light N.E., gloomy; several struck and fell overboard.
December 22nd, several, with Skylarks, about light from 4 A.M.,
also during day: 31st, three rested.

Kish Bank Inght-ship—March 18th, several, with Larks,
about light; Thrush and Lark killed (see under Lark).

Howth Baily.—October 22nd, several, with Larks, at 10 P.M.,
struck but not killed. November 8th, a few all day: 10th, rush
at night (see under Blackbird): 16th, some all day, remaining.

Rockabill.—March, great rushes of Thrushes and other birds
during early part of month; numbers killed striking east side
of lantern.

South Rock Light-ship—March 12th, several, with Larks,
about light; gloomy. November 10th (see under Redwing).
December 11th, flocks, with Larks, about light at 9.30 P.M. ;
about twenty killed and fell overboard ; fresh breeze S.E., dark:
12th, flocks, with Starlings and Larks, about light at 11 P.M.;
about thirty killed and fell overboard; wind light 8., hazy:
13th and 14th, flocks, with Larks, about light: 18th, flocks of
Green Plover, Thrushes, and Curlew about light at 8 PM;
Thrushes killed in great numbers, and fell overboard; did not
get one; strong breeze 8.E., hazy and sleet: 20th, a flock going
N.W. at noon.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 27th, some through rays of
light at 10 p.m.; hazy. February 14th, numbers, with Black-
birds, round lantern: 17th, numbers: 20th, remarkable rush of
birds, including Thrushes (see full notes under Lark): 22nd,
large numbers round light: 25th, some striking. April 20th,
all the Thrushes left island. October 10th, Thrush on island :
13th, one. December 11th, 12th, and 13th, Thrushes killed
striking (see full note under Lark): 19th, some, with Larks
and Blackbirds, about light and striking; wind light S.E.

Maidens South—February 14th, some round light; hazy:
20th, 21st, and 22nd, “ great rushes of birds, chiefly Thrushes,
Blackbirds, Redwing, Curlew, Lapwing, Starling, Skylarks, and

2. -.. -. » &

a re)

1890] IRISH COAST 139

Yellowhammers; one hundred and ten Skylarks, fourteen
Redwing, six Thrushes, eleven Blackbirds, eight Starlings,
three Yellowhammers, two Lapwings killed—[Leg and wing
of Thrush received|—BRADLEY SOLE”: 26th, Thrushes, Black-
birds, Redwing, Curlew, and other small birds about light all
night; weather gloomy; one Thrush, three Redwing, two
Blackbirds, and one Yellowhammer killed —[Leg and wing
of Thrush received]—(see also under Missel-Thrush). March
12th, some round light; wind light W., gloomy. December
12th, three at lantern between 5 A.M. and 6 A.M.; one killed
striking: 18th, nine on rock at 3 A.M.; flew to land; gale S.E.,
snow.

Maidens North—November 17th, large flocks, with Black-
birds, passed lantern going E. at 10 p.m.; fresh breeze W.;
one of each killed. December 19th, one killed at 8 P.M. going
N.E. [Leg and wing of Thrush received. ]

Inmishirahull— March 13th, two on island; gale S.W.
December 9th, two struck glass at midnight; one disabled:
12th, one struck: 19th, a few, with Blackbirds and Fieldfares,
on island. “ These birds are very scarce this winter.”

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, not very numer-
ous. November 1st, three. December, a few seen daily.

Killybegs—February 17th, one killed striking. March 12th,
do. November 20th, two at lantern at 10.30 P.M.

Oyster Island, Si—November 14th, one going 8.W.: 17th, one
killed striking at 1 A.M. going 8.E.—[Leg and wing received].
December 23rd and 27th, some all day.

Slyne Head, S—October 17th, one; first this year; fresh
breeze N.W. November 13th, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and
Starlings on island all night; scores killed striking of each
kind; strong breeze 8.W., misty; Linnets and Chaffinches on
island all day. “Thrushes every day to the end of month.”

Arran Island, N—November 14th, flocks at light; thirty-
two killed striking: 15th, Thrushes and Blackbirds all day.
December 31st, about five hundred Thrushes, Blackbirds,
Plover, and Wrens here all day on account of the heavy frost
and snow ; two Starlings struck; nearly all the birds left next

- day on account of thaw.

Arran Island, S—October 21st, twelve; two killed. They
remain all the year.

140 MIGRATION OF BIRDS | [1890

Tearaght—January 11th, one all day—[Leg and wing of
Thrush received; “caught in rabbit-trap.”] October 20th,
some, with Larks, flying through rays of light, 10 P.M. to
midnight; four Thrushes struck; none killed: 23rd, four all
day. November 10th, flocks of Thrushes (see full note under
Starling): 23rd and 24th, Thrushes and Blackbirds all day ;
wind fresh S.W. November and December, Thrushes, Black-
birds, Fieldfares, Starlings, etc., in large numbers on island :
19th, intense frost and snow on mainland, one supposed to be
killed in rabbit-trap. [Leg and wing received. | .

Skeiligs—November 20th and 21st, flocks, with other birds,
on rock, December 16th to 26th, numbers on rock; weather
generally gloomy and misty: 27th, Thrushes and Redwings left
during night.

REDWING (Z'urdus wiacus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—F¥ebruary 18th, a number at lantern; one
killed. March 3rd, some all day. October 16th, some at lan-
tern; gale N.W. December 6th, one killed-striking—|[Leg and
wing received]. During latter part of December a great many
Redwings, Song Thrushes, and a few Blackbirds and Fieldfares
seen daily round here, owing to the severe frost.

Tuskar.—October 20th, 21st, and 23rd, a number with other
birds round light, seemed mostly this year’s birds; wind light
N., clear. November 4th and 7th, a number with other birds
passing N.W. all day; some killed on 4th.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—December 24th, “Thrushes”
with other birds about light; wind moderate N. [Leg and
wing of Redwing received; killed striking. ]

Rockabill—March, great rushes of birds, including Redwings,
during early part of month; great numbers killed against east side
of lantern. “We collected a hamperful” (see under Blackbird).

South Rock Light-ship—November 10th, large flocks about
light at 11 p.M.; gale S., rain; killed in great numbers and fell
overboard, one got on deck. [Leg and wing of Redwing received. ]

Maidens South—¥ebruary 13th, numbers, with Larks, at light:
20th, 21st, 22nd, and 26th, great rushes of birds (see full notes
under Thrush); seventeen Redwings killed. March 10th, one
on rock.

Innishtrahull.— March 13th, two struck at 1 A.M.; gale S.W.

— 1890] IRISH COAST 141

Oyster Island, S—December 27th, some all day.

Arran Island, N.—October 10th, two “ Mountain Thrushes ”
killed striking at midnight. [Possibly Redwing. ]

Tearaght—October 21st, one at 9 AM.; rush of birds
preceding night (see under Blackbird). November 10th, flocks
(see full note under Starling). December 14th, one killed
striking at 10.30 p.m.; wind light S.E., blue sky—[Leg and
wing received]: 31st, two struck ; hail and snow.

Skelligs— December 16th to 26th, numbers on rock ; weather
generally gloomy and misty; one killed striking on 21st: 27th,
Thrushes and Redwing left during night.

FIELDFARE (Z'urdus pilaris, Linn.).

Hook Tower—February 18th, some at light; some caught.
March 3rd, some all day. November 15th, six Blackbirds and
a Fieldfare killed striking; wind ight 8.W. Many birds round
the licht. December 6th, one killed striking—[Leg and wing
received]: 9th, one do.; wind light N.E. A few seen daily
during latter part of month; severe frost.

Arklow South Light-ship.—December 9th, one killed striking
at 6.30 a.M.; wind light N.E.; the first seen—[Leg and wing
received]: 20th, some with other birds going N.W. during day.

Kish Bank Light-ship—March 18th, one “ Mountain Thrush”
(? Fieldfare) killed striking at 1 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 20th, one found killed;
several on island. [Leg and wing received. |

Maidens South—January 20th, eleven on rock; gale W.;
were very much exhausted; attempted several times to reach
mainland.

Maidens North—December 19th, one Blackbird killed strik-
ing at 8pm. [Leg and wing of small Fieldfare received. |

Innishtrahull—December 19th, a few, with Blackbirds and
Thrushes, on island. “These birds are very scarce this winter.”

Oyster Island, S—December 27th, some on island all day.

Arran Island, S—December 15th, twenty-five “ Fairfields”
on island at noon, first seen this year; wind light N.: 24th,
eighteen on island; wind light N.E.

Tearaght—November and December, numbers on island;
frost and snow on mainland. December 8th—[{Leg and wing of
Fieldfare received].

142 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

:
BLACKBIRD (Turdus merula, Linn.).

Mine Head—March 30th, four flying W. October 20th,
twelve flying 8.

Hook Tower—February 15th, some at light; one killed.
March 3rd, some all day. October 26th, one disabled by
Sparrow-Hawk—[Leg and wing received]. November 14th,
three killed striking; gale 8.W.: 15th, six killed striking;
wind light S.W.; many birds round the light. December 6th,
one “female” killed striking; gale S.E. [Possibly Fieldfare] :
15th, some at light; wind fresh N.W. A few seen daily during
latter part of month ; severe frost.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 6th, one cock flying N.E.
December 14th, many at light: 28th, several round the ship;
flew to land; wind light N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 21st, some at light.
Blackbirds round the light on the 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, and
26th; some killed; wind moderate to fresh E. to N.E. [Leg
and wing received. |

Tuskar.—February 25th, some at lantern; gale N.E. March
11th, many striking all night; wind fresh S.W.: 22nd, two at
light: 24th, two do. October 16th, great rush of Blackbirds,
male and female, fine large birds; several killed; strong gale
N.W., showery: 20th, 21st, 23rd, numbers with Thrushes,
Starlings, and Redwings round light,—birds seemed mostly
this year’s; wind light N., clear: 27th, one. November 4th
and 7th, numbers with other birds passing N.W. all day: 14th,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks about light all night,
great numbers killed; gale §., fog and rain.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 15th, several, with Thrushes,
round lantern at midnight; clear, none struck: 17th, several
Blackbirds round lantern at 9 p.M.; wind light S.W., sleet-—
[Legs and wings of two received]. November 15th, one on ship,
flew to land: 16th, several, with Thrushes and Starlings, at
midnight; fog. December 16th, one killed at lantern.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship. — April 5th, several, with
Thrushes, about light from 10.30 P.M. to midnight; wind
moderate S.W.: 16th, six about light: 17th, two do.
November 7th, flocks going N.W. between 10 A.M. and 2 P.M. ;
strong breeze N.W.; clear: 10th, several about light, some
killed; strong gale S.: 13th, several, with Thrushes, about light

OE Ee Oe

1890] IRISH COAST 143

10 p.m. to midnight; wind light S.W., clear; six killed—[Leg
and wing of Blackbird received]: 14th, several, with Thrushes,
Larks, and Starlings, about light midnight to 4 A.M.; wind
light S.W. to S.E., gloomy; many killed: 15th, flocks, with
Thrushes and Starlings, about light 10 P.M. to midnight ; wind
light S.E., gloomy; many killed: 16th, flocks, with Thrushes
and Starlings, about light midnight to 4 am.; fresh breeze
S.E., rain; many killed. December 10th, some about light
with other birds all night, went N.W.; several birds killed,
hazy—[Leg and wing of Blackbird received]: 11th, three flocks
during day going N.W.; strong breeze S.E., hazy,—Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Starlings, and four Larks from 6 P.M. to daylight
about light; seven killed; birds left at daylight and went
N.W.; calm: 16th, some, with Thrushes, at light at 7 P.M.;
wind moderate 8.E., gloomy; five killed: 24th, some about light
(see under Starling).

Arklow South Light-ship—February 23rd, continuous flocks
Starlings, Blackbirds, etc., going N.W.; some striking (see full
note under Starling). April 3rd, one found in ball at mast-
head; believed to have been killed February 23rd—[Leg and
wing received]. October 13th, several Thrushes, Blackbirds,
and Larks; seven killed; wind moderate S.W., clear; “the
first birds seen since June”: 19th, a number, with Starlings
and Thrushes, 8 P.M. to midnight; wind light N.E., clear;
a great many birds killed: 20th and 21st, one noted.
November 5th, several going N.W. in the forenoon; strong
breeze N.W., clear: 15th, one about ship— [Leg and wing
received; killed striking on 16th]: 21st and 25th, one or
two going N.W.: 29th, some, with Thrushes, going N.W.
December 2nd to 7th, several at light: 9th, a few about
lantern: 16th, several, with Thrushes, at lantern, some killed;
clear: 20th, some going N.W. (see full notes under Starling) :
22nd, flocks, with Larks, going N.W. during day.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 19th, rush of birds about
light, Blackbirds, etc. (see under Starling). November 3rd,
one, and a Yellowhammer on ship at 8.30 A.M.; wind moderate
S.W., rain.

Howth Baily—November 10th, flocks, with Thrushes, from
8 p.M. to midnight; several striking and some killed; gale
8.W., haze and rain: 16th, some all day, remaining.

144 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

_

Rockabill. —“ Some great rushes of Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Redwings, Starlings, Missel-Thrushes, Chaffinches, Grey and
Green Linnets, and Curlew during the early part of March;
great numbers were killed striking against the E. side of
lantern; we collected a hamperful——Joun Hamitton.” (Letters,
April 23rd and May 16th.)

South Rock Lnaght-ship—March 24th, one found killed; fresh
breeze §.H.: 27th, one found killed at midnight; fresh breeze
S.W. April 13th, flocks about light; sixty killed striking, and
fell overboard ; wind light 8.E., clear, rain.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 14th, numbers of birds
flying round lantern during first part of night; mostly
Blackbirds and Thrushes; wind light S.E., misty: 17th,
numerous about light; wind E., misty: 20th, “immense
swarms” of Blackbirds and other birds (see full note under
Lark): 22nd, large numbers of Blackbirds and Thrushes round
lantern at 10.50 P.m.; wind light S.W., misty: 25th, large
numbers, with Thrushes and Starlings, striking; wind light E.,
misty. April 20th, Blackbirds still plentiful on island.
May 9th, four or five Blackbirds’ nests found. November 9th,
one caught: 13th, several flying round light ; misty. December
8th, one, with white feather in tail, found killed: 9th, plentiful
up to 5 am.; calm and hazy: 12th and 13th, some killed
striking.

Maidens South—January 19th, three on rock; hurricane
from W., gloomy. February 14th, some at light; hazy: 20th,
21st, and 22nd, great rushes of Blackbirds and other birds (see
full note under Thrush); eleven Blackbirds killed—[ Legs and
wings of two received]: 26th, some at light; two killed.
March 12th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks round light ;
wind light W., gloomy: 21st, some about light; cloudy: 28th,
one all day. October 22nd, one killed striking; misty.
November 11th, one going §.W.: 13th, one at lantern.
December 12th, one do.

Maidens North—November 17th, large flocks Thrushes and
Blatkbirds passing lantern going E. at 9.45 p.M.; fresh breeze
W., misty; one of each killed. December 19th, one killed
striking.

Innishtrahull—March 10th, one on island: 13th, four, and
two Redwings striking lantern at 1 A.M., one killed; gale S.W.

1890] IRISH COAST 145

[Leg and wing of Blackbird received] ; six on island; gale 8.W.:
16th, one and one Skylark struck at 1 a. November 12th,
one struck at 4 A.M. December 19th, a few, with Thrushes and
Fieldfares, on island. “ These birds are very scarce this winter.”

Aranmore.—January, February,and March,not very numerous.
November Ist, two. December, a few seen daily.

Killybegs.—November 20th, one at lantern.

Oyster Island, S—November 4th, one disabled striking at
2 A.M.; wind strong 8. [Leg and wing received]. December 23rd,
some on island ; frosty.

Slyne Head, S—November 7th, one female ; gale N.W. : 13th,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings on island all night; scores
killed striking of each kind; strong breeze S.W., misty.

Arran Island, Ni—November 5th, one on island: 15th, some
on island. December 31st, numbers all day; frost and snow
(see full note under Thrush).

Arran Island, S—October 22nd, fifteen going E., five killed ;
wind light N.E., misty; they breed on island.

Tearaght.—October 20th, several Blackbirds, Thrushes, Star-
lings, and Larks round light; four Thrushes struck, none killed ;
wind light N. (see also under Lark): 21st, one noted. November
10th, great flocks Starlings, Blackbirds, etc. (see full note under
Starling): 23rd and 24th, some, with Thrushes, all day; fresh
breeze 8.W. Numbers here during November and December ;
intense frost and snow on mainland. December 2Ist, one.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Skelligs—November 20th and 21st, flocks, with Starlings
and Thrushes, on rock at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze N.E., gloomy.
December 16th to 26th, large number Thrushes, Redwings,
Blackbirds, and Starlings on rock; wind variable, weather
generally gloomy and misty: 27th, Tnrushes and Redwings left
during night, only Starlings and Blackbirds remain; fresh
breeze E., gloomy.

— ee

Rinc-Ovuzen (Turdus torquatus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— April 17th, three Ouzels flying about at 2 P.M.,
one male and two females. One bird had a well-defined white
, mark on the throat. They stayed about two days. A farmer in
the neighbourhood told me that the Ouzels flew into his kitchen
and could easily have been caught.

146 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

Tuskar.—April 1st, one Ring-Ouzel Grins E. at 9 AM.; wind
light S.: 14th, Ring-Ouzels round the light; wind strong 5.E ;
four killed striking.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 14th, Ring-Ouzel found dead
at base of tower, killed striking ; another found wounded previous
night; weather thick, wind 8.E. [Leg and wing of Ring-Ouzel
received]. “The Ring-Ouzel visited us this spring. It is
somewhat remarkable. Several were killed. A wounded one
was on the island about a fortnight.”

Innishtrahull—April 13th, one struck at 2 A.M.; wind light
S.E.

HEDGE Sparrow (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 31st, Hedge Sparrow
noted. November 27th, Hedge Sparrow on island.

Maidens South.—March 26th, two on rock at 10 A.M.

Tearaght—September 23rd, “four Black Wrens (Hedge
Sparrows) ” at 10 A.m.; wind light N.W.

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 29th, one Robin about ship
at 8 A.mM.; flew to land; wind moderate N.E., gloomy.

Tuskar—February 24th, one on rock all day ; wind moderate
N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship.—March 18th, one on deck at 9 A.M;
wind light S.E. April 19th, one at 8 a.m. (Several small birds
about light on nights preceding both above dates.)

Rockabill—May 16th, “a Robin and Wren on rock.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 21st, one found killed in
gas-yard. September 12th, one on island for last few days.
November 9th, Robin still on island.

Slyne Head, S—September 21st, one on island all day ; strong
breeze N.W. November 10th, one on island.

Arran Island, N—October 27th, one on island.

Arran Island, S—December 15th, one remains on island.

Tearaght.—September 29th, one at 11 a.M.; fresh breeze W.

REDSTART (Ruticilla phenicurus, Linn.).
Rockabill—April 23rd, Redstart found dead; must have been
killed striking—[Common Redstart received]. “A beautiful
male Redstart on the rock during the past few days.”

ee a eS tee og

‘
:
,
J

1890] IRISH COAST 147

Buack Repstart (Lutrcilla titys, Scopoli).
Tearaght.—October 11th, one Blackstart; fresh breeze S.W.

STonECcHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.).

Hook Tower—December 17th, one shot. [Leg and wing
received. |

Barreis Rock Light-ship.— February 17th, a small flock
remained some time on the ship, and flew to the N.E.; wind
moderate S.E., clear: 22nd, three flying N.E. ;

Kish Bank Lnght-ship—March 17th, small bird- disabled
striking at 11 p.m.; fresh breeze S.W., cloudy : 18th, several of
the same sort about lantern at 11 p.M.; wind light N.E.; one
disabled striking. [Leg and wing of Stonechat received. |

South Rock Light-ship.—March 2°th, one Stonechat about ship.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 27th, a pair on island.

Killybegs—March 31st,'one flitting about broken-down walls ;
first observed this year. October 5th, last Stonechat observed
this year.

Slyne Head, S—March 19th, several arrived to breed on
island; wind licht N.: 28th, scores of Stonechats and Linnets
on island all day; wind moderate S.W., cloudy. [Probably
Wheatears.—R. M. B.]

Arran Island, N— Stonechatters” breed here.

Waurncnat (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April 16th, two Whinchats flying 8.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—November 9th, several small
birds about light 11 p.m. till midnight; fresh breeze N.N.W.,
clear; three killed. [Leg and wing of Whinchat received. See
also under Whitethroat and Sedge Warbler.]

WHEATEAR (Saaicola wnanthe, Linn.).

Mine Head—March 26th, two about station. April 26th,
four flying S.

Hook Tower—March 12th, two about rocks: 16th, five.
September 13th, two about rocks. “ Wheatears come here
about the middle of March, but there were not many this
spring.”

Tuskar.—March 17th, one all night: [18th, Leg and wing

148 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

received; killed striking]: 29th, two all day on rock. April
14th to 19th, two or three frequently on rock.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—March 17th, one small bird killed
striking at midnight; wind moderate 8.W.,showers. [Wheatear
received in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 16th, two on ship.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 12th, a few small birds
about lantern at 11 P.M.; wind light S.W., clear—[ Wheatear
received in flesh]: 19th, one bird same as that sent on 12th
died on deck.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 17th, several small birds at
midnight to 3 A.M.; one “ Chitchat” caught; also several “ Tits
and Chaffinches” about ship 9 A.M. to 5 p.M.; wind light N.E.;
several struck fell overboard, three dead on deck. [Wheatear
and two Willow Wrens received in flesh ; Wheatear was labelled
“ Chitchat.” ]

Rockabill_[April 18th, two, and 24th, three Wheatears
received in flesh. ]

South Rock Light-ship—March 20th, one dead on deck (see
under Starling). April 14th, twelve at light at 1 am.; four
killed striking; wind light 8.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 2nd, first observed this year:
18th, one found killed. May 6th, several on island: 9th, a
few. August 10th and 19th, two.

Maidens South.—[May, 8th, leg and wing of Wheatear killed
striking received; seems large. ]

Innishtrahull.—March 28th, two at noon, first arta? wind
light S.W. April 4th, nine: 13th, one struck glass at 2 A.M.
May 9th and 13th, one do. each night. June 7th, young
Wheatears on island.

Aranmore.—March 26th, two seen.

Tearaght.—March 29th, first for season at noon; wind light 8.
July 29th, one “Whinchat” found dead, apparently killed striking
some time ago—[Leg, wing, and tail of Wheatear received].
September 14th, one, and 15th, two, caught at lantern—{Leg,
wings, and tail received]: 17th, 18th, and following days,
Wheatears all day. .

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Hook Tower—May 8th, one killed striking; wind moderate

oe ee

1890] IRISH COAST 149

S.E. [Leg and wing received]: 10th—{Leg and wing received]:
20th,,a small bird killed against lantern at night — [Sedge
Warbler received in flesh]. August 10th, six Sedge Warblers
and one Grasshopper Warbler killed striking; wind moderate
S.E., misty. [One Sedge Warbler received in flesh. ]

Tuskar.—April 13th, one “ Warbler” at light killed striking,
and one in daytime on rock: 17th, two “ Warblers” found dead.
[May 16th to 25rd, about ten received in flesh; killed striking. ]
August 8th to 11th, twenty killed striking. [Received in
flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 17th and 18th, several
Sedge Warblers about light between 10 P.M. and midnight;
wind moderate N.E., gloomy. November 9th, several small
birds about light 11 p.m. to midnight; fresh breeze N.W., clear;
three killed. [Legs and wings of Sedge Warbler, Whinchat,
and Whitethroat received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—April 17th, one “Sallypicker ”
about ship: 18th, several “Sallypickers” about lantern from
8 p.m. till midnight; wind moderate N.E., hazy: 19th, two do.
about ship: 20th, one do. caught at lantern. May 25th, two
“Sallypickers ” and one Snipe killed striking; wind light N.E.,
hazy—|[two Sedge Warblers received in flesh]. October 18th,
one “Sallypicker” about ship all day.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 9th, a few small birds about
light from 2 AM. to 4 AM.; wind light N.E., rain; two
killed striking. [Two Sedge Warblers received in flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 8th, three small birds killed
against glass. [Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler received. |

Maidens South.—May 9th, two Sedge Warblers killed striking.
[| Received in flesh. ]

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (Locustella nevia, Bodd.).

Hook Tower—August 10th, one Grasshopper Warbler killed
striking ; wind moderate 8.E., misty. [Received in flesh. ]

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 19th, one “Wren” caught
on deck at 10 A.M.; died in cabin; wind light S., gloomy
—|Grasshopper Warbler received in flesh]. May 8th, one
Grasshopper Warbler on deck at 8.50 a.m.; wind light N.E,
clear.

150 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
~

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

- Hook Tower.—-May 8th, one killed striking—[Leg and wing
received|: 10th—[ Leg and wing of one killed received].

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 10th, one found dead. [Leg
and wing received. |

Tuskar.—May 16th to 23rd, about fifteen Whitethroats
killed striking. [Received in flesh.]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 9th, several small
birds 11 P.M. to midnight; fresh breeze N.W., clear; three
killed. [Leg and wing of Whitethroat received. See also
under Whinchat and Sedge Warbler. ]

Arklow North Lrght-ship—May 8th, several small birds
about light at 10 p.M.; wind light N.E., light haze. [White-
throat received in flesh. ]

Rockabill_May 16th, “small bird sent; six of the same
species killed last night; wind S., foggy.” [Whitethroat
received in flesh. |

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 19th, small birds striking
glass and flying through rays until midnight ; rain and thick
haze. One came in through lantern door—a Whitethroat.
There were a great many of these flying through rays; I
suppose forty or fifty—[Whitethroat- received in flesh].
October 12th, small bird like Whitethroat against glass about
3 AM.

LESSER WHITETHROAT (Sylvia curruca, Linn.).

Tearaght— October 1st, a small bird, supposed to be “ Lesser
Whitethroat” shot at 4.15 p.M.; blue sky—[Lesser Whitethroat
received in flesh]. “It was not observed by any one before
that evening, and was then hopping about the yard, and flew to
some rocks; seemed to be looking for food. We knew the bird
to be a peculiar one—W. H. JAmEs.”

“ BLACKCAP.”

Tuskar.—February 22nd, one Blackcap all day on rock; over-
cast ; wind light 8.E.: also on the 25th, wind strong N.E.

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER (Phylloscopus swperciliosus, Gmel.).

Tearaght—October 14th, “I forward a very small bird shot
by my son at 10.45 A.M.; wind light N.N.W., blue sky, detached

1890} IRISH COAST 151

cloud. It was first observed on a marsh mallow bush—
[Lavatera arborea grows near summit of Tearaght Rock.—
R. M. B.]—as if seeking for insects ; it then flew to some rocks,
where it was shot. The only bird I can find in books to answer
it is the Dalmatian regulus. I weighed it, and it only
weighed 1 drachm 11 scruples. It is the smallest bird I ever
saw. I put it in spirits at once after getting it —W. H. JAmus.”
[Yellow-browed Warbler received in flesh. Mr James is to
be congratulated on having added two birds to the Irish list
in 1890.—R. M. B.]

Woop WrEN (Phylloscopus sibilatria, Bechst.).

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 27th, “a bird shot on rock, never saw
one like it before—RiIcHARD WIDDICOMBE.” [Leg, wing, and
tail of Wood Wren received. |

oo

WILLow WREN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—[May 8th, Willow Wren received in
flesh, shot. ]

Hook Tower.—April 12th, Chiffchaffs round the light all night;
ten killed striking; wind light 8.E., cloudy—[Legs and wings
of two Willow Wrens received]: 13th, five or more Chiffchaffs
flying about all day. [Probably Willow Wrens.—R. M. B.]

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 17th, several “Sallypickers ”
about lantern at midnight; one died on deck; one rested inside
lantern and left at daylight; wind moderate S8.W., thick rain.

Tuskar.—|[May 23rd, Willow Wren received in flesh in
spirits, shot.] [August 11th, three killed striking, received
in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship——Apyril 15th, several small birds

} about light from 9 pM. to midnight; three killed; wind
moderate N.E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren
, received. |

Arklow North Light-ship— April 16th and 17th, small birds
about light and ship, three dead on deck (see full note under
Wheatear). [Two Willow Wrens and one Wheatear received
in flesh. ]

Rockabill—{ April 18th and 24th, a Willow Wren received
in flesh each day.]

“ea”

152 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 24th, Willow Wren found
killed—[ Leg and wing received]. August 20th, Willow Wren
on island.

Maidens South—May 9th, one killed striking. [Received in
flesh. |

CHirrcHarr (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

fockabull.—[ April 24th, Chiffchaff received in flesh. ]
Innishtrahull—May 9th, two Chiffchaffs striking glass at
1 aAM.; wind light E., hazy: 12th, do.; wind light W.

({OLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Mine Head.—April 29th, two at 8 A.M.; wind light 8.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— November 15th, one Gold - Crest
picked up on deck alive; wind light S.W. [Leg and wing
received. |

Arklow North Light-ship—October 19th, “ various kinds” of
birds about light 8 pM. to midnight; wind, N.N.E., gloomy.
[Golden-crested Wren received in flesh; killed striking at
10 P.M.]

Howth Baily—October 21st, one Gold-Crest.

Copeland (Mew) Island—September 12th, Gold-Crest caught
against glass at 7 P.M.; calm, gloomy.

Maidens South—March 21st, three Golden-crested Wrens,
with Blackbirds and Larks, about light all night; wind
moderate W., cloudy; one Gold-Crest and one Lark killed
—j[Leg and wing of Gold-Crest received]: 25th, small birds
round light; fresh breeze 8.W., cloudy; one Gold-Crest killed
striking. [Leg and wing received.]

Slyne Head, S——October 22nd, one killed striking; the first
seen here; wind light 8.W., cloudy.

Arran Island, N—November 8th, one “Golden Wren” on
island at 3 P.M.; strong breeze W.

Tearaght.—October 8th, one caught at lantern at 4 aM;
wind light 8.E., misty: 21st, one “ Firecrest supposed” caught
at lantern; wind light N.E. [Gold-Crest received in flesh] : 25th,
four at 10 A.M.; fresh breeze N.W., squalls. November 14th,
one “ Firecrest supposed” at 11.30 A.m.; wind light N.: 15th,
one do. in morning.

1890} IRISH COAST 153 |

Wren (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Hook Tower.—March 16th, two common Wrens. They breed
here. December 6th, one Wren on the rocks.
Tuskar.—April 12th, one on rock at 10 A.M.; wind light §.
Arklow North Light-ship.—May 1st, one about ship.
fockabill—_May 16th, “a Robin and Wren at present on the
rock.”
South Rock Light-ship—May 22nd, one Wren killed striking
at 3 A.M.; wind light S.W. ;
Copeland (Mew) Island—April 21st, one on island. October
12th, common Wren caught against glass about 10 p.M.; haze: .
13th, one on island.
Maidens South.—May 8th, one killed striking. [Received in
_ flesh.]
Innishtrahull.—December 9th, one on island.
Kuillybegs.—October 13th, “ more plentiful than usual.”
Slyne Head, S.—October 22nd, one on island all day.
Arran Island, Ni—December 31st, a large number of Wrens
all day; frost and snow (see full note under Thrush).
Tearaght.— A number here this fall.”

oTrs. :

Maidens South.—November 18th, one “ Tit” pitched on rock.
Tearaght—April 16th, one Tit, “ small and blue,” seen.

“ W AGTAILS.”

Hook Tower.—December 7th, two to four Pied Wagtails daily.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 23rd, one Water Wagtail
going N.W.; strong breeze N.W. ;

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 30th, Wagtail on island.

Maidens South.—March 17th, one Pied Wagtail on rock.

Innishtrahull.—May 11th, one Pied Wagtail on island.

Aranmore.—April 26th, one Wagtail at 7 A.M., remained.

Slyne Head, S.— August 25th, one Wagtail on island.
September 12th, November 10th and 15th, two do.

Arran Island, N.—October 27th, two Wagtails on island.

2 Grey WaGTAIL (Motacilla melanope, Pallas).
Arran Island, N.—October 19th, “a bird caught at lantern
L

154 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

at midnight; calm, misty; another escaped.” [Grey Wagtail
received in flesh.]
Arran Island, S—November 30th, two at 9 A.M.; gale 8.W.
Tearaght. — August 20th, one Wagtail (yellowish) seen.
September 30th, one Grey Wagtail all day; gale S.W.
Skelligs—November 10th, one Yellow and two Grey Wagtails
at 2 p.m.; fresh breeze N.; remained till dusk.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 12th, a few seen all the year.

Tuskar.—March 13th, one at the lantern: 16th, three on
rock. April 2nd and 3rd, a few on rock.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 21st, several flocks “ Bog
Larks” going N.W.; wind light W.: 26th, 27th, and 29th, several
flocks “ Bog Larks” going N.W. each day; wind moderate N.E.;
one died on deck—[Leg and wing of Titlark received]. [Legs
and wings of Titlark received on August 19th.] September
21st, one Titlark got into lantern during night, and died.
November 6th, one going N.W.; fell into water going to land.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 21st, several about lantern.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 14th, one on deck at 9 A.M.

Kish Bank Light-ship—March 28th, two about ship all day ;
went N.W. April 12th, four about ship; went N.W.

Howth Baily—March 17th, “Larks (Tits),’ midnight to
4 am.: wind light 8.W., snow; several striking. November
8th, flocks of about twenty Chaffinches, with Titlarks, from
noon to 4 P.M., remaining.

Copeland (Mew) Island.— April 18th, one found killed. Tit-
larks always here. May 6th, nest found.

Maidens South.—February 20th to 26th, great rushes of birds
(see full note under Thrush). [Wing of Meadow-Pipit received. ]

Innishtrahull—June 7th, young ones seen on island.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 19th, one caught at lantern—
[Received in flesh]. May 27th, “the Titlarks” [Possibly Rock-
Pipits—R.M.B.] “here were off the rock from the beginning of
December till early in February; I never saw them banished
before, and I am eighteen years on rock and islands. The
Wrens were also banished, and I have seen none since.”

Arran Island, S.— November 3rd, five Titlarks and ten
Skylarks in yard all day; common on island ; strong gale S.W.

1890] IRISH COAST 155

Tearaght.—October 10th, 11th, and 12th, one or two each
day. “There were a number of Titlarks and Wrens here this

fall.”
Rock-Pirit (Anthus obscurus, Lath.).

Hook Tower.— A few to be seen all the year round. Rock
and Meadow Pipits frequent this place; the former are the
most numerous.”

Tuskar.—March 30th, six on the rock; wind light N.E.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Rock-Pipits seen
occasionally.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Fook Tower.—October 24th, many round light; wind fresh
W.; one killed—[Leg and wing received]. November 28th,
some all day; wind fresh N., snow. December 9th, three killed
striking ; wind light N.E.: 12th, some round light; one killed.
Larks breed here, and a number are killed against lantern
in autumn; they were numerous about the end of December
(see under Linnet).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 11th, one on ship. December
2nd, ten flying S.W.: 17th, several flocks flying to the land at
11 AM.; wind light E., cloudy.

Tuskar.—F¥ebruary 23rd, two killed striking: 25th and 26th,
one on rock; wind strong N.E. March 11th and 12th, Sky-
larks striking during the night; wind fresh S.W.: 17th, three
at lantern: 22nd, two about light. November 13th, two killed :
14th, Larks, with other birds, about light all night; great
numbers of birds killed; gale S8., fog, rain.

LInucvfer Shoals Light-ship—November 3rd, one about ship:
10th, two going N.W. December 18th, one rested; gale S.;
died next day.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 13th, three going
N.W.: 14th, several about light, with Blackbirds, etc.; gloomy;
many birds killed—[ Leg and wing of Skylark received]: 15th,
three going N.W.: 17th, several, with Thrushes, about light
midnight to 4 A.M.; wind light S.E., gloomy; one Lark killed
—|[Leg and wing received]: 18th, three about light: 19th, two
do.: 20th, three going N.W.: 21st, one dead on deck, four
going N.W. December 10th, some about light all night, with
other birds; went N.W.; hazy; several birds killed (see under

ee

156 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
_

Thrush): 11th, two flocks going N.W. during day; two
caught on deck: 12th, flocks going N.E.: 14th, flocks, with
Thrushes, going N.; wind moderate S.E., clear—[Leg and wing
received ; killed striking]: 24th, several Larks, and other birds,
about light at 6 p.M.; some killed; went W. at daylight: 30th,
a flock going 8.W.; gale E.

Arklow South Light-ship—February 23rd, continuous flocks,
with other birds, going N.W., and some striking (see full note
under Starling); one found on ball at mast-head on April 3rd,
believed to have been killed February 23rd—[Leg and wing
received}. October 13th, several, with Blackbirds and Thrushes,
seven birds killed; wind moderate S.W., clear; “the first birds
seen since June”: 14th, afew about lantern at midnight: 30th,
flock going W. November 4th and 5th, two flocks going W.
each day: 10th, 11th, 13th, and 16th, one or two flocks: each
day going N.W—{Leg and wing of Skylark received]: 20th and
25th, one going N.W.: 28th, great flock going N.W. at 10 a.M.;
strong breeze N.E., snow showers: 29th, great flock going N.W.
at 845 am. and 11 aM.; wind light S.E.,,clear. December
2nd to 7th, several about light with other birds; a few birds
striking each night: 9th, a few Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and
Plover about lantern; wind light S.E., clear: 14th, a few do. ;
wind light W.: 15th, one killed striking at 6.30 A.M.; wind
light N.W., clear: 20th, some going N.W. [Leg and wing
received]: 21st, flocks going N.W. during day; wind light 8.E. ;
22nd, flocks going N.W.: 25th, flock going E. at 10 a.m.; wind
light S.W., light rain: 27th, a few going S.W.; snow showers:
29th, several about lantern; one Lark killed striking—[ Leg and
wing of Skylark received].

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 22nd, great number of
birds at lantern; several Larks killed (see under Starling).
October 12th, several small birds 9 P.M. to midnight; wind light
S.W., cloudy; one Lark found dead on deck—{ Wing received]:
19th, Larks and other birds about light 8 p.m. to midnight; several
struck; gloomy: 21st, several flocks going W. and N.W. 9 A.M.
to 4 pM.; flying high; wind light N.E.: 22nd, one: 28th,
several flocks with Starlings going N.W. at 8 A.M., gloomy.
November 3rd, flock going N.W. December 19th, several
flocks small birds going N.W. during day; wind light N.W.,
clear; one Skylark caught in evening: 20th, flocks of small

1890] IRISH COAST 157

birds of various kinds going W. during day (see under
Linnet); one Skylark caught on deck: 21st, flock going N.W.
in evening; one on deck: 22nd, several: about light and
about ship during day; one caught: 24th, several about light
4.30 p.M. to midnight; two killed striking: 30th, several flocks
going N.W. during day; a Sea-gull killed and ate a Lark;
gale $.E.: 31st, one on ship; went N.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 9th, several going N.W.
and N.E. noon and 6 p.M.; fresh breeze N.W.: 10th, several,
with Linnets, going S.E.: 21st, several going N. April 4th,
two going N.W.: 20th, ten going N.: 25th, five going N.W.

Kish Bank Light-ship—March 17th, one killed striking at
11 P.M. going N.W.; cloudy, rain. 18th, several, with Thrushes,
about lantern at 11 p.M.; one Thrush and Lark killed; wind
moderate N.E., cloudy: 22nd, several flocks going N.W. during
day.

Howth Baily.— October 22nd, several, with Thrushes, striking
at 10 p.M., not killed: 23rd, several, with Chaffinches, at 7 P.M. ;
a few struck. November 5th, two flocks (supposed Larks)
going N.

South Rock Light-ship—March 12th, several, with Thrushes,
about lantern from 8 P.M. to midnight; fresh breeze S.W.,
gloomy: 16th, one about light. May 19th, two round light at
midnight. November 7th, four going §.E. December 11th,
12th, 15th, and 14th, flocks about light (see under Thrush).
[Leg and wing of Skylark received; killed striking on 12th.]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 17th, Larks, Blackbirds,
and Thrushes about light; wind E., misty: 20th, “immense
swarms of birds round lantern from 10 P.M. to 4 a.M.; Larks,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings, also Curlew; wind light
S.E., misty. The air was filled with birds. The balcony out-
side was completely covered with killed birds; they were five or
_ six deep all round, so to walk round would be walking on killed
_ birds. Numbers got through the cowl into the lantern. The
- lantern-glass was so much soiled, both inside and out, that
_ eight buckets of water had to be carried up next day to wash
it. A labourer doing work at the lighthouse gathered two
hundred, and ‘that was not the quarter of them’; he gave a
couple of buckets to fishermen who came along. Several
Curlew, Lapwing, and Golden Plover killed.— Cuar.es

}
:

158 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

HAWKINS and Epwarp M‘Carron.” December 9th, 1 A.M,
birds flying against glass pretty frequently, Skylarks chiefly ;
large birds in the distance passing through rays; caught a Snipe,
partly injured on balcony; wind N.E., calm and hazy (see
Green Plover): 11th and 12th, birds striking all night;
Skylarks, Thrushes, Starlings, and Lapwing plentiful in
the distance through the rays; Larks and Thrushes killed on
the 11th ; Blackbirds killed on 12th; wind moderate $.E., hazy:
13th, birds still plentiful about lantern; same kinds killed as
on previous nights; weather still hazy: 19th, some Larks,
Thrushes, and Blackbirds at light, striking; wind light S.E.

Maidens South—January 23rd, two going W. February
10th, some, with Starlings and other birds, about light at
8.30 pM.; one Lark killed—[Leg and wind received]: 13th,
numbers, with Redwings, at light: 14th, Larks, Thrushes, and
Blackbirds round light; wind moderate 8.W., hazy; one Lark
killed—[Leg and wing received]: 20th, 21st, and 22nd, great
rushes of birds (see full notes under Thrush); one hundred
and ten Skylarks killed—[Legs and wings of three received].
March 12th, some at light; gloomy; five killed striking—{ Leg
and wing received]: 20th, some around light; two killed—[ Leg
and wing received]: 21st, some about light; one killed—| Leg
and wing received]: 20th, Skylarks and other small birds all
night round light; fresh breeze S.W., cloudy; three Larks and
one Gold-Crest killed—[Leg and wing of Skylark received]:
28th, two seen. April 20th, one killed striking—[Leg and
wing received]. October 22nd, three Larks and one Blackbird
killed striking at 6 A.M.; wind moderate N.W., misty. December
10th, four Larks at lantern at 3 A.M.; one killed: 18th, one
caught inside lantern at 8 P.M.

— Innishtrahull—March 16th, one struck at 1 A.M., not injured :
20th, two struck, not injured, at 1 aM.: 21st, two striking
lantern at 1 am. December 9th, one disabled striking at
4 A.M.

. Killybegs.—February i7th, one killed striking. March 15th,
one struck at midnight. September 5th, one struck at 10 p.m.
October 21st, two at lantern. November 20th, one do.

Slyne Head, Si—April 20th, one killed striking at 11 P.M.
Arran Island, N.—Larks breed on island.
Arran Island, S—November 3rd, common on island.

————

1890] IRISH COAST 159

Tearaght.—September 22nd, one seen. October 20th, Larks
and Thrushes flying through rays of light from 10 P.M. to
midnight; wind light N.W.: 21st, several: 30th, two seen.
December 26th and 27th, one or two.

SHoRT-TOED LARK (Alauda brachydactyla, Leisler).

Blackrock, Mayo.—October, “I am sending you two birds I
shot on the 11th inst., as I thought they were strange ones.
—RicHAarD Wuppicomsk.’ [Short-toed Lark and Kestrel
received in flesh.]

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—November 3rd, one; wind fresh N.W.

Hook Tower—November 28th, Snow Buntings about all
day; wind fresh N., snow. December 7th, twenty about rocks ;
wind strong S.E.

Innishtrahull—March 6th, “Snow Bunting and Turnstone
the only regular visitors.”

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, flocks of about
forty seen occasionally. November 4th, four. December, a
few seen daily.

Killybegs—February 7th, two rested: 28th, three going
N.W. March 31st, one at 7 A.M., seemed tired. November
6th, three going N.: 19th, two seen.

Slyne Head, S——April 6th, three on island. October 17th,
one first seen; fresh breeze N.W., misty: 25th, three on
island.

Arran Island, S—November 2nd, three perched on wall;
gale W., squally ; first seen this year.

Tearaght—January 10th, February 7th, and April 10th,
one or two seen. September 24th, and October 20th to 30th,
one or two noted. November 5th, two.

Skelligs—October 29th, one at 4 P.M. on rock.

Corn Buntine (Lmberiza miliaria, Linn.).

Tnnishtrahull.—April 2nd, one on island; wind light 8.E.

YELLow Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—November 3rd, one rested on
ship.

160 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
_
Howth Baily.—November 10th, flock of about twenty small

birds, chiefly Yellowhammers, remained in neighbourhood;
wind moderate W., clear.

Maidens South—January 13th, one on rock. February
20th, 21st, 22nd, and 26th, great rushes of birds, including
Yellowhammers (see full note under Thrush); four Yellow-
hammers killed striking—[Leg and wing received]. March
19th, one all day: 28th, one found dead. [Leg and wing
received. |

Arran Island, N.—November 27th, two all day; snow.

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April 20th, three at 8 P.M.; wind light 8. W.

Hook Tower.—October 19th, one about the station.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 4th, two on ship; gale
N.W.

Tuskar.—February 24th, March 4th and 20th, one each day
on rock. March 28th, two round light at 11 p.m. October
28th, flocks, with Starlings, going W. all day; four birds
killed: 30th, several on rock: 31st, some on rock; one
killed. November 4th and 7th, great number of “Finches”
and other birds passing N.W. all day; several killed on 4th:
8th, some on rock all day; gale S.: 12th, two flocks going W.
at 9 A.M.; one killed; wind light 8.W., clear.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—March 22nd, Hawk following a
Chaffinch. ;

Arklow South Light-ship—November 4th, one about ship:
Sth, five noted: 11th, one: 13th, two about ship: 15th and
23rd, one about ship: 27th, one going N.W.; snow. December
20th, some going N.W. during day.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 22nd, eight “ Finches”
killed striking (see full note under Starling). March 27th,
several about ship at 9 a.m. to 4 P.M.; wind light S8.W., hazy:
28th, several do. from 5 A.M. to 6 P.M.; fog: 30th, one Chaffinch
on mizen-boom at 5.40 A.M. April 17th, several about ship (see
under Wheatear). October 20th, one on deck. November 3rd,
one, went N.W. December 8th, two on deck, went N.W.:
15th, one do.: 20th, flocks going W. during day, and some
about ship; wind light N.E., light haze.

Kish Bank Light-ship.—Apvil 17th, three round ship all day.

1890] IRISH COAST 161

May 1st, two going N.W.: 9th, three round ship at midnight ;
hazy.

Howth Baily—October 23rd, several, with Larks, at 7 P.M.; a
few struck ; clear : 28th, flocks, supposed to be Chaffinches, going
N.; fog. November 8th, flocks of about twenty, with Titlarks,
from noon to 4 P.M., remaining: 16th, flocks, with Starlings,
Rooks, and some Blackbirds and Thrushes, all day, remaining ;
: wind light S.W.

Rockabill—March, great rushes of Chaffinches and other birds
during early part of March (see full note under Blackbird).

South Rock Light-ship—-November 11th, about fifty going
N.W. at noon; wind fresh S8.W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 31st and December 11th,
one seen.

Maidens Souih.—March 13th, one on rock all day.

Slyne Head, S—November 13th, some on island all day.

Arran Island, Si—November 12th, common on island.

Tearaght.—October 25th, Chaffinch first observed at 11 a.m. ;
fresh breeze N.W., squalls —[Leg and wing received].
November 2nd, one; gale N.W., squalls: 5th, flock observed :
10th, great flocks Starlings and other birds, including
Chaffinches, at 8 AM. December 6th, flock all day.

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).
Innishtrahull.—February 25th, 26th, and 27th, Mountain
Finch (supposed) on island each day; rare visitor here.
Tearaght—October 26th, one Mountain Finch at noon;
strong gale N.W., squalls.

‘ SPARROWS.”
Codling Bank Light-ship—March 17th, several “Sparrows”
going N.W.
Dunree Head.—July 16th, sixteen “Sparrows” going E.

HawFIncu (Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas).

Rockabill— April 20th, “ caught at lantern at 1 o’clock in the
morning, a beautifully marked bird, with a very large head and
remarkably strong bill. I have him in a cage ; he appears very
tame, and eats hempseed. I think he is a Hawfinch.—JouN
HAMILTON.”

ee 7

162 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—December 17th, one shot. [Leg and wing
received. |

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—November 1st, three rested on
ship and flew N.W.

Rockabill— March, great rushes of Grey and Green Linnets,
etc., during early part of March (see full note under Blackbird).

Aranmore—ZJanuary, February, and March, Grey and Green
Linnets in flocks seen occasionally.

Killybegs—January 9th, one killed striking at 10 P.M.
“ About this time flocks are seen generally in the morning.”

Tearaght—January 8th, flocks of ten to twenty all day;
strong gale N.W. December 4th, flock all day; strong breeze
N.E.: 16th, two.

GoLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Arklow North Light-ship—oOctober 19th, two Goldfinches
came from §.E.; rested on ship twenty minutes; went N.W. at
11.15 a.M.; wind light N. :

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Goldfinches seen
occasionally; they always remain. July and August, Gold-
finches constantly seen.

Arran Island, N—December 23rd, five Goldfinches on island.

MEALY REDPOLE (Linota linaria, Linn.).

Tearaght—September 20th, two Mealy Redpoles all day on
island; fresh breeze N., blue sky; one shot—| Received in
flesh]. October 10th, one Mealy Redpole shot; wind moderate
SE.

« LINNETS.”

Hook Tower.—Linnets were plentiful this autumn. October
8th, 9th, and 11th, some flying west. November 28th, some
noted. December 12th, some about light; one killed. Sky-
larks and Linnets (Twites) were numerous about the end of
December, but I could not see any indication of flight in any
particular direction, as they appeared almost daily in quest of
food. I may except two or three flocks of Linnets (common) on
the 8th, 9th, and 11th October, which took a westerly direction.

1890] IRISH COAST 163

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—March 15th, two Grey Linnets fly-
ing north: 16th and 17th, a few do.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 14th, one flock going
N.W.: 16th, several flocks all the forenoon going N.W.; wind
fresh N.W., clear. October 27th, three flocks going N.W., fly-
ing very low; wind N.: 31st, several flocks going N.W. during
day, skimming the water; wind moderate N.W. November
5th, several flocks Linnets and Thrushes going N.W.; strong
breeze N.W. December 18th, one rested and died-; gale §.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 30th, one Grey Linnet
gong N.W. April 16th, two Linnets on ship. November
12th, flocks going N.W.; fresh breeze 8.W.: 18th, two lighted
on ship. December 12th, flocks going N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 3rd, several going N.W.,
flying high, noon to 2 P.M.; wind light S., clear: 12th, one
Grey Linnet on deck. October 23rd, flock going N., flying low.
December 20th, flocks, with Chaffinches and various small
birds, going W. during day; wind light N.E.; a Skylark, Star-
ling, Grey Linnet, and some Chaffinches about ship all day.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—March 10th, several, with Larks,
going S.E. April 6th, several going N.W. at 11 am.: 21st,
one fell on the water.

Rockabill—Great rushes of Grey and Green Linnets and
other birds during early part of March (see full note under
Blackbird).

South Rock Light-ship—December 15th, large flocks going
N.W. at 10 Aa.M.; several hundreds; fresh breeze N.E., clear:
20th, large flock going N.W. at noon; wind light S.E., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 1st, one Grey Linnet
noted: 18th, about a dozen, with Twites, on island.

Maidens South—March 31st, flock of Grey Linnets going N.
November 9th, one Linnet going 8.W.: 18th, one Linnet and
one “Tit” pitched on rock.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Grey and Green
Linnets, in flocks, seen occasionally. Julyand August, Linnets
constantly noted.

Killybegs — October 5rd, twenty-three came from S.W., and
rested close to station: 5th, thirty-five noted.

Slyne Head, S—March 28th, numbers on island all day; wind
moderate 8.W., cloudy. July 10th, fifteen on island. “Very

164 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ~ [1890
me:

few birds struck lantern; Linnets and Curlew the most
numerous on island.” August Ist, 2nd, 15th, and Sep-
tember 12th, a few noted. November 2nd, seven; gale N.W.:
5th, some: 15th, great rush of birds; Linnets on island all day
(see full note under Thrush): 15th, some all day.

Arran Island, N.—August 29th, about a hundred Grey
Linnets, young birds, going N.W. at 9 Am. November 27th,
one hundred Linnets going W.; snow.

Arran Island, S—October 21st, twenty-five on wall; first
flock seen; wind light N.E. December 27th, large flocks
during day; strong breeze E.

“ TWITE.”

Hook Tower—December, Twites numerous at end of month.

Tuskar.—February 5th, one flying N.W. March 6th, one
flying W.: 11th, one do.: 18th, two on rock all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 19th, a dozen came on
island.

Innishtrahull—November 16th, numbers on island.

“ BULLFINCH.”

Arklow South Light-ship.—October 20th, one going E. 11 A.M.

STARLING (Stwrnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 17th, a flock passing 8. October 24th,
a flock going N. November 20th, a flock going E.

Hook Tower.—January 22nd, large flock at 9 AM. Starlings
were very numerous at this station up to the latter part of
February ; a few pairs remained to breed. October 12th, many
flying W. all day; wind light 8.W. November 26th, numerous
flocks about all day; snow. December 6th, several killed
striking; gale $.E., rain. Thousands left early in December.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 15th, a small flock round
light; one killed striking: 26th and 27th, a few flying N.
December 5th, many round light; some killed: a quantity on
9th and 14th, and some on 28th and 31st; wind generally E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 20th, a flock flying N.:
21st, some round the light: 22nd, a few passing during the day.
Starlings round the light on the 25rd, 24th, 25th, and 26th;

1890] IRISH COAST 165

some killed striking; wind moderate E.—[Leg and wing received ].
March 5th, a few passing throughout night; wind moderate N.W.

Tuskar—January 7th, one at lantern: 21st, Starling round
light; wind S.E. February 22nd, 23rd, 25th, and 26th, Star-
lings day and night; some killed. March 9th, many round
- light; gale S.W.: 10th, a flock flying W.: 11th, 12th, and 13th,
many striking: 17th, a few at light: 18th, one killed striking—
[Leg and wing received]: 22nd, two about lantern; one killed
striking: 24th, two about light: 28th, one at light. . April 17th,
Starlings round light all night; wind strong N.E.: 19th, two at
light. October 20th, 21st, and 25rd, numbers, with Thrushes,
etc., round light each night; wind light N., clear; “seemed
mostly this year’s birds”: 24th, a flock going W.; strong
breeze W.: 26th and 27th, two Starlings noted: 28th, flocks,
with Chaffinches, all day going W.; four killed; wind light N.:
29th, great numbers at intervals during the day going W.; five
killed at night; gale W., misty: 51st, flocks going W. during
day; three killed at night; wind light W. November 4th and
7th, great numbers, with Blackbirds, Thrushes, Finches, and
Redwings, passing all day going N.W.; several killed on 4th:
9th, great number going N.W. all day; two killed: 10th, some,
with Thrushes and Blackbirds, constantly day and night going
N.W.; gale S.; numbers blown into the sea, young and old:
13th, flock going N.W.: 14th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings,
and Larks about light all night; great numbers killed; gale S.,
fog and rain,

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 13th, two flocks going N.
October 25rd, 28th, 29th, 30th, and November 8th, flocks during
day going N.W.: 16th, several, with Blackbirds and Thrushes,
at midnight ; fog.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—March 9th, two dead on deck:
11th, three killed striking: 15th, two do. April 12th, four about
light. November 7th, flocks going N.W. during day: 10th, several,
with Thrushes and Blackbirds, about light and killed; strong
gale §., rain: 12th, flocks going N.W. at 11 4.M.; fresh breeze
S.W.: 14th, 15th, and 16th, numbers about light (see under
Blackbird)—[Leg and wing of Starling received]: 20th, flock
going N.W. at 11am. December 10th, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Larks, and Starlings about light all night; several killed: 11th,
some at light all night: 24th, about forty birds, Starlings,

166 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

:
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks about light at 6 P.M.; some
killed and disabled; wind moderate N., clear and cloudy; went
W. at daylight: 30th, some going 8.W.; E. gale.

Arklow South Light-ship.—F¥ebruary 22nd, one killed striking:
23rd, continuous flocks, with Thrushes, Curlew, Larks, Black-
birds, and a few Grey Plover, going N.W.; ten Starlings, Larks,
Blackbirds, and Thrushes killed and fell overboard; wind light
N.W., overcast. March 16th, flock going N. April 3rd, one found
in ball at masthead, supposed to have been killed striking on
February 23rd—[Leg and wing received]. October 19th, Starlings,
Thrushes, and Blackbirds about lantern from 8 P.M. to midnight ;
wind light N.E., clear; eight killed striking fell on deck and a
great many overboard: 24th, flock going W.: 28th, two going W.
November 1st, flocks going N.W.: one or two flocks passing N.W.
during day on 2nd, 6th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 18th, and 27th:
several flocks on 10th, and great flocks on 28th and 29th; snow
shower on 28th. December 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th, several
Starlings, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks about lantern during
night; weather variable; a few birds nightly striking lantern,
but all falling overboard: 10th and 12th, a few about lantern:
20th, Starlings, Fieldfares, Larks, Curlew, Chaffinches, Black-
birds, and Thrushes going N.W. during day; wind moderate
N.E., hazy: 28th, several flocks during day going E. and N.W.:
29th, several, with Larks, about lantern at 4 4.M.; wind light
S.E.: 30th, small numbers going N.W. during day, flying low ;
fresh breeze S.E.: 31st, some, with Thrushes, going N.E. during
day; fresh breeze S.E.

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 22nd, great quantity of
land birds at lantern at midnight; calm, hazy; twenty Starlings,
twelve Larks, eight Finches killed striking, dozens fell over-
board. March 21st, one about light. October 19th, rush of birds
(see under Thrush); “Starling dead on deck”: 22nd, one on
ship: 28th, several flocks, with Larks, going N.W.: 31st, flocks
going N.W. November Ist, several about light; some killed,
fell overboard; strong breeze S.W.: 4th, flocks going N.W.
during day; fresh breeze W.; several about light at night: 6th,
several flocks going N.W. during day; two rested; gale S.W.,
rain: 8th, several flocks going N.W.; two on deck. December
13th, several flocks going N.W. during day; fresh breeze §.,
gloomy: 15th and 16th, several about light ; wind fresh N.E.:

— a at
PROTO Le Ts a oP ree ome) oe Hee ©

1890] IRISH COAST 167

20th, one about ship: 28th, several about light 5 p.m. to 4 a.M.;
wind §.E., gloomy: 31st, one rested on ship.

Howth Baily.— October 24th, large flock going N.W. at 1 P.M. ;
wind W.: 26th and 27th, flocks all day remaining: 28th, large
flocks, supposed to be Starlings, Mountain Thrushes, and
Chaffinches going N. all day; wind light W., haze and fog.
November 11th, thirty going N.W. at 4 p.M.: 16th, flocks with
other birds all day remaining. :

fockabill—Great rushes of Starlings and other birds during
early part of March; great numbers killed striking east side of
lantern (see full note under Blackbird),

South Rock Light-ship— March 16th, several at midnight, one
killed striking; clear: 18th, several about light at 3.30 a.m. ;
one killed striking; wind light 8.W., sleet showers: 20th, one
found dead on deck. May 19th, one at light. December 12th,
flocks Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks about light at 11 p.m.;
about thirty killed and fell overboard; wind light S., hazy.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 20th, remarkable rush of
Starlings and other birds (see full note under Lark): 25th,
numbers of Starlings striking; wind light E., misty. March
11th, 10 p.M., “Starlings striking glass for last couple of hours,
but not plentiful”: 17th, striking at 4 a.m. April 13th, flying
in rays of light; drizzling rain. May 9th, breeding here.
September 17th, several seen. November 13th, some at lantern
at 9 p.M.; misty. December 9th, some do. from 3 A.M. to
5 A.M.; wind light 8.E.: 11th and 12th, birds striking all night;
Starlings plentiful in the distance through the rays.

Maidens South—F¥ebruary 10th, some about light: 20th,
21st, and 22nd, great rushes of birds, including Starlings (see
full note under Thrush); eight Starlings killed striking—[Leg
and wing received]. March 16th, two at light: 20th, some,
with Larks, round light; one Starling and two Larks killed;
wind light N. October 30th, eight going W. at 9 am.
December 18th, one hundred going W.; gale S.E., snow.

Maidens North—December 8th, large flocks going W. at
4 pM.; strong breeze E.: 19th, one killed striking at 8 P.M.
[Leg and wing received. |

Innishtrahull.—March 20th, one and two Skylarks striking
glass at 1 AM.; wind N. December 19th, nineteen on island;
first seen this winter; wind light N.E., clear.

168 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

Aranmore.—November 10th, a flock going $.E. at 11 a.m.

Killybegs—October 8th, twenty-four Starlings going N.E. at
3 P.M.: 9th, large flocks began to roost at night among the reeds
in an adjacent bog. November 18th, one at lantern.

Oyster Island, S—October 25th, twenty going S.W. at 3 P.M.
November 15th, do. December 7th, one disabled striking.
“Starlings are resident, they breed in ventilators of light-
house.”

Slyne Head, S—October 28th and 31st, large flocks on island
all day. November 2nd, 5th, and 10th, flocks on island: 13th,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings on island all night; scores
killed striking of each kind; strong breeze 8.W., misty: 16th,
flock on island; Starlings every day to end of month.

Arran Island, N—October 28th, flocks came this day for the
first time this winter, and almost every day afterwards for the
whole winter. December 31st, two struck lantern.

Arran Island, S—October 4th, twenty on island at 9 AM;
first seen in autumn; fresh breeze S.W., gloomy: 20th, a
hundred on island at 2 p.m.; wind light N.W., misty.
“Tmmense flocks during day and evening, thirty killed striking.”
November 8th, large flock on island at 8 A.M.; twenty-five
killed striking ; strong breeze W., cloudy.

Tearaght.—October 20th, several round light: 27th, about
thirty at 10 am.; strong breeze N., hail showers. November
10th, great flocks, with Crows, Blackbirds, Redwings, Thrushes,
and Chaffinches, at 8 A.M.; the Crows flying S.; moderate
breeze S.E., blue sky; twelve Ravens at 7 Am.: 12th, large
flock, new arrivals all day; freeh breeze S.W., rain. November
and December, large numbers on island; intense frost and snow
on mainland: 31st, two; and two Redwings struck; wind light
E., snow; one Starling killed—{ Leg and wing received]. There
have been a great many Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Field-
fares, Larks, and other birds here during November and
December, owing probably to the intense frost and snow on
mainland. There appeared to be a great rush about November
5th to 10th.

Skelligs November 16th, flock of from fifty to sixty on rock
at 8.30 A.M.; strong breeze S.W.; remained two days and went
SE.: 20th and 21st, flocks, with Blackbirds and Thrushes, on
rock at 10 A.m.; fresh breeze N.E., gloomy (see under Black- —

1890] IRISH COAST 169

bird). December 16th to 31st, a number on rock; wind variable,
weather generally gloomy and misty.

CuoucH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Lallycotton.— January 1st to 7th, a few about island.

Mine Head.—March 8th and 12th, two observed.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, occasionally
seen. July and August, constantly. December, occasionally.

Arran Island, Si—See note under Jackdaw.

Tearaght.—[Leg and wing of Chough received with letter,
dated 19/3/90.] July 10th, three. August 31st, two. Septem-
ber 28th, two. November 27th, seven Choughs all day.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 23rd, three going N.E.

Mine Head—March 28th, two Ravens flying S.W.

Dunree Head.— August 16th, two going 8.W.

Aranmore.—July and August, constantly seen. December,
one pair occasionally.

Tearaght.—January 11th, seven all day, fresh breeze 8.W.;
fog. August 31st, eight; and three Hooded Crows at 6 P.M.;
wind light §.W. October 10th, five going 8.E. November 10th,
twelve at 7 A.M. (see under Starling). December 9th, eight at
8 AM.

HoopDED Crow (Corvus cornix, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 13th and 18th, two Grey Crows noted.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, seen occasion-
ally. March 26th, nesting near station.

Slyne Head, S—April 1st, 10th, and 16th, one to four noted.

Arran Island, N—July 8th, 20th, and August 21st, one or
two noted.

Tearaght.—August 31st, three; and eight Ravens at 6 P.M.
September 28th, two all day. October 12th, ten at 9 a.M.; wind
S.W., squally: 20th, eight: 31st, three all day. December 30th,
six.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—March 14th, Rooks passing at in-

tervals between 7 A.M. and 9 A.M, flying very low to the S.W.
M

170 MIGRATION OF BIRDS | [1890

April 25th, several passing. June 18th, 20th, and 21st, a few
passing to the N. October 22nd, a large flock flying S.W. at
4pm. November 11th, thousands of Rooks flying N.W. in the
afternoon; wind fresh N.W.

Hook Tower.—March 10th, three going N. coming from sea-
wards, flying high, at 10 am.; gale W. April 17th, five flying
inland. May Ist, a few passing inland during the day.
Numerous flights of Rooks on fine days; these I believe to be
local migrants, as they always come from inland and return in
the same direction.

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 4th, one “Crow” flying
N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—March 17th, one “Crow” flying N.

Tuskar—February 9th, one “Crow” flymg N.W. March
16th, two flying W.: 19th and 20th, two flying N.W. April 1st,
two flying W.: 17th, twenty Crows flying E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 24th, two “Crows”
going N.W. at 10 am. November 8th, flocks of Rooks going
N.W. at 11 aM.: 25th, flock going N.W. at 9.30 «A.M.

Arklow South Light-ship— April 17th, one Rook lt on ship
at 6 P.M.; seemed completely tired; wind light N.E., thick haze.
November 9th, ten ‘“‘Crows” going N.W. at 10 a.., and five
going N.W. during day. December 16th, one flock going NE.
at 10 a..; flying low.

Arklow North Light-ship—November 1st, flock of “Crows”
going N.W. at noon; flying low: 6th, flock of “Crows” going
N.W. at 9 A.M.

Kish Bank Light-ship—March 11th, one “ Crow” lighted on
ship at noon; flew N.W.

Howth Baily—November 16th, flocks all day, remaining.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 9th, several on island.

Maidens South—December 10th, two “Crows” on roof of
dwelling.

Aranmore.—January and February, occasionally seen.

Slyne Head, S—August 11th, six “Common Crows” going
N.W. September 12th, five Crows going W. at 11 AM.
October 22nd, three on island. November 3rd, two Crows
at 10 a.m.: 5th, hundreds of Crows going N.W. at 11 a.M.;
wind light, moderate N.W.: 9th, large flock going E. at noon:
10th, five on island: 12th, three all day.

a

1890] IRISH COAST 171

Arran Island, N.—May 18th, one noted. June 28th, two,
September 3rd, three common Crows going N.W.: 8th and 9th,
two or three on rock: 10th, six going E. November 5th, one
“Crow ” on island.

Arran Island, S—December 14th, twenty Crows going W.
at 2 P.M.; wind moderate S.E., misty, “only once observed.”

Tearaght.—November 5th, a great flock of “Carrion Crows
(Rooks),” about one hundred and fifty arrived about 11 a.m,
from the W. and lit on island, went N. about 12.30 p.m. ; strong
breeze N., blue sky, detached cloud; seemed tired, a few
remained and were about light that night, several striking at
6.35 P.M.; moderate breeze N., gloomy; one caught—[Leg and
wing received]: 6th, Crows about all day, ten or twelve Jack-
daws with them; wind W. to hurricane N.W., fog, mist, rain :
9th, one at 10 a.M.; wind moderate N.: 10th, great flocks of
Starlings, Crows, etc, at 8 Am. the Crows flying S.; wind
moderate 8.E., blue sky, detached cloud: 16th, thirty-six Crows
going N. at 11 A.M.; wind light 8.W., blue sky, detached cloud:
25th, a flock flying about 80 feet high at 10 a.M.; strong breeze
N.E., blue sky, showers, hail: 28th, large flock all day; wind
light E. December Ist, large flock Rooks all day; wind
moderate S., fog, rain. “Since [until?] I joined this station,
I never saw such a lot of Crows, nor heard of them striking
lantern, There were some Jackdaws amongst them.—W. H.
J AMES.”

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—April 13th, three. They are very
plentiful in Queenstown, but are rarely seen so far from the
town as this.

Innishtrahull_—May 23rd, five on island at 9.30 A.M.; wind
light E., clear.

Arran Island, N—August 28th, two going EF. at 2 p™.;
wind light E.

Arran Island, S—November 18th, two “Choughs or Jack-
daws” on crags at 1 P.M.; wind moderate S.W., misty. “ Build
on cliffs here.”

Tearaght.—November 5th and 6th (see full notes, important,
under Rook). December 2nd, “I forward leg and wing of a
Jackdaw shot near dwellings.” [Received.]

172 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
>

Maapig (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Mine Head.—March 11th, one at 9 A.M.; wind moderate W.,
clear.

Hook Tower—November 14th, two about the rocks; gale
S.W., overcast.

Dunree Head.—June 20th, one going N.E. at 4.10 p.m.; gale
S.W., cloudy.

Arran Island, S—November 4th, two on garden wall at
9 aM.; strong breeze N.W., squally.

SwatLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Hook Tower—April 21st, five hovering all day; wind light
N.E., clear. May 10th, ten about all day.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 30th, one found dead on the
deck. [Leg and wing received. ]

Tuskar.—March 29th, one flying N. at 6 a.M.; wind light
N.W. April 3rd, one on the rock at 10 aM.; wind light E.:
Ath, one at 4 p.m.: 14th and 15th, Swallows on the rock in
the early morning; wind fresh from the E.: 18th, one at
daylight.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 14th, two going N.W.:
15th, several flocks during day going N.W.: 16th, two fiocks
going N.W.: 17th, two going N.W.: 19th and 20th, several
during day going N.W.: 21st, 22nd, and 27th, a few going
N.W.; all “flying low,” or “skimming the water.” May 18th,
one round ship. July 14th, one going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— April 17th, four going N.W. at
10 a.M.; wind moderate N.E., gloomy.

Arklow South Light-ship—aApril 10th, flock going N.W. at
11.30 A.M., flying low; fresh breeze N.E., clear: 15th, one flying
about ship at 7 P.M.: 30th, one going N.W. at noon. May 6th,
one about ship at 11 a.M.: 12th, two going N.W. at 11 aM:
20th, two about ship at 9 P.M.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 17th, several Swallows
passing high towards N.W. 6 a.m. and 4 P.m.; wind light N.E., °
light haze: 21st, one going N.W. at 5 p.., flying low: 22nd,
one going N.W. at 1.30 p.m., flying low. May Ist, one about
ship: 6th, two going N.E. at 11 A.M. flying low: 10th, one
about ship at 3 P.M. August 11th, two going S.E. at 1 P.M.

1890] IRISH COAST 173

Kish Bank Light-ship—April 29th, two Swallows going N. at

4pm. May 8th, two round ship. June 17th, two going N. at
6 P.M.: 25th, two going N.W.
Howth Baily—July 27th, flocks: 28th, 29th, and 30th, some
: all day; wind moderate and fresh. September 11th, several
all day, remaining; wind light W.: 27th, large flocks all day,
remaining; wind light W.: 28th,a few. October 3rd, some;
gale S.W.: 4th and 5th, some all day; wind moderate W.

South Rock Light-ship—May 7th, two at 11.30 AM. going
N.W., rested on ship for an hour: 11th, one round light at
midnight ; hazy: 12th, two flying round light at 1.30 A.M.; wind
light N.E., clear: 17th, three round ship at 8 aM. August
31st, one going N.E. at noon.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 2nd, some observed.

Innishtrahull—May 13th, one caught on island at 10 A.M.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Dunree Head.—April 28th, six about cliffs at 4 P.M.; first
arrivals; fresh breeze S.E., clear. June 6th, Swallows about
station at 11 a.m, going N.; strong breeze N.W.: 14th, six
about cliffs at 11 a.m. July, Swallows left this month.

Aranmore.—June 4th, four on island at 10 a.m.

Slyne Head, S—May 8th, two on island at 8 A.M.; first seen
this year; wind hight N.E., showery: 9th, two: 17th, three:
19th, two; “Swallows very scarce this year”: 24th, two.
June 28th, one at 10 A.M.

Arran Island, N.—May 12th, three flymg W. at 5 PM.
June 15th, two on rock at 9AM. August 8th, one.

Tearaght—May 18th, one caught at 5 p.M.; wind fresh 8.E.,
mist, rain—[ Received in flesh]. “It seems to be a scarce visitor
here, as any of that species are either Swift or Martin.”

House-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—May 10th, two “Martins” about all day; wind
moderate N.E.: 14th and 15th, a few House-Martins and
Common Swifts flying about all day.

-SAND-MartIn (Cottle riparia, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—August 10th, one “ Martin”
astern of ship at 7 P.M.

174 MIGRATION OF BIRDS @ [1890

Innishtrahull.—June 15th, two Martins about island at
noon; wind light W., hazy.

Tearaght—March 30th “and following days,” one Martin at
2.30 P.M.; wind light 8.W., overcast. May 19th, six Martins
and Swifts all day; fresh breeze S.E., mist, rain. September
Ath, one Martin at 7 a.m.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—May 14th and 15th, a few House-Martins and
Common Swifts flying about all day. August 9th, several
Swifts all day; one killed; clear, wind fresh E.: 19th, four
during the day.

Innishtrahull—_May 11th, three on island at 11 A.M; first
arrivals ; wind light 8.E., hazy.

Tearaght——May 19th, a few (see under Martin). August
9th, one at 10 A.m.; also next day.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.)..

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 10th, “a bird struck the
mizen-mast at 11 p.m.” [Cuckoo received in flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 1st, Cuckoo heard. July 15th,
shot a young Cuckoo. [Received in flesh. ]

Dunree Head.—May 4th, Cuckoo first heard, perched on tree
at 3 p.M.; fresh breeze E.

Aranmore.—May 2nd, one Cuckoo heard at 9 AM. July,
constantly observed.

Oyster Island, S—May 20th, a bird killed striking at night.
[Cuckoo received in flesh. ]

TurTLE Dove (Yurtur communis, Selby).

Tuskar—May 8th, one Turtle Dove shot on the rock.
[Received in the flesh.]

‘« PIGEONS.”

Mine Head—March 23rd, four. October 30th, a flock of
Wood Pigeons flying S. at 4 p.m. December 15th, a flock of
Pigeons flying 8. at 2 P.M.

Hook Tower—A few Pigeons breed round here, but they
never leave.

1890] IRISH COAST 175

Tuskar.—February 11th, one arrived. April 8th, one Pigeon
flying S.E. at noon ; wind strong N.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 12th, six about light at
midnight, two killed; wind light S., gloomy.

Arklow South Light-ship—December 20th, one caught at
lantern at 10.30 p.m.; wind light N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 14th, one Carrier Pigeon,
“slate colour, large red circle round eyes.” May 8th, a Carrier
Pigeon rested on mainmast at 6.30 P.M., caught, came from S.E. ;
light breeze N.E.; marks on ring on left leg, “No. 25, 1889,”
on ring on right leg, “H. C., 1889.” December 20th, large
flock going W. at 10 a.m, flying low, rose high when over ship,
came from E.; wind light N.E.

Rockabill—April 22nd, a beautiful Carrier Pigeon pitched on
the rock, and after resting a while flew towards Dublin; strong
breeze W.

South Rock Light-ship—July 22nd, one Wood Pigeon or
Blue Dove flying round ship at 8 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—July 22nd, Carrier Pigeon about
chimney top, caught and let go. December 8th, Pigeon on
island, appeared to be tame.

Innishtrahull.—April 29th, one Rock Pigeon on island.

Dunree Head.—July 10th, ten flying about cliffs. August
20th, flock going W. September 10th, October 4th, and
November 21st, ten to twelve noted going 8.W. each day.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Rock Pigeons
seen occasionally. “Rock Pigeons always remain.” October,
“very plentiful.”

Slyne Head, S—May 17th, two going E.

Arran Island, Ni—May 21st, six Wild Pigeons going E. at
9 am.; fresh breeze S.E., rain: 29th, four Rock Pigeons at
4pm. June 6th and 7th, ten: 16th, three: 21st, twenty-
four.

Arran Island, 8S —October 31st, two on crag near lighthouse ;
one shot. December 18th, three on island.

Tearaght.— March 12th, twelve Rock Pigeons all day;
wind moderate W. August 14th, two. October 3rd, ten:
29th, ten. November 17th, “about four dark-coloured Pigeons ”
all day; fresh breeze S.E. December 3rd, ten: 20th, about
twenty.

176 MIGRATION OF BIRDS | [1890

RED GROUSE (Lagopus scoticus, Latham).

Aranmore.—March 24th, one Grouse shot at 4 P.M.; strong
breeze 8.E., squally, with rain.

PARTRIDGE (Perdix cinerea, Latham).

Mine Head.—November 6th, twelve Partridges flying N. at
4pM.; gale §., fog.

CoRN-CRAKE (Crea praténsis, Bechst.).

LInnishtrahull—May 24th, one heard on island at 9 P.M.;
fresh breeze E.

Hook Tower—May 17th, one Land-Rail killed against
lantern. .

Water-Ratt (fallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Tearaght.—October 9th, beak and feathers of Water- Rail
found at Peregrine’s feeding-place. [Received.]

RINGED PLOVER (Hgialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—July 2nd, about twenty feeding
on the bank. October 19th, two all day.

Hook Tower.—November 28th, three all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 16th, observed a pair. The
egos of these birds were found on the island in 1888, but none
could be discovered in 1889.

Innishtrahull—June 8th and 9th. (See note under Dunln.)

Killybegs.—“ Sand Plover observed almost daily.”

Arran Island, S—November 15th, four in lighthouse park
at 8 A.M.; strong breeze S.; very scarce.

GoLDEN PLovER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 18th, about fifty Grey Plover [? Golden]
at 1 p.m. November 27th, 28th, and 29th, Golden Plover
observed passing each day. December 20th, twenty flying N.

Hook Tower.—May 14th, none were seen during the winter,
and are said to come here seldom except in a hard winter,
about December.

Arklow South Inght-ship.— February 23rd, a few “Grey

1890] IRISH COAST 177

Plover” (see full note under Starling). December 9th, some
(see under Skylark).

South Rock Light-ship—November 6th, large flocks of “ Grey
Plover,” about sixty in number, at 9 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 20th, great rush of birds
(see under Lark).

Maidens North—[December 11th, leg thd wing of Golden
Plover received ; killed striking. }

eee ierakeuitl-— “December 19th, numbers of “Grey Plover”
hovering about light from 4 A.M. to 7 A.M., none injured; 8.E.
gale, sleet.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, “ Grey Plover ”
seen occasionally. September 30th, a flock of “Grey Plover” on
island; gale S.W. October, very plentiful. November. 6th,
flocks of Plover all day, remained; strong breeze S., squally.
December, about in flocks.

Kullybegs—January 26th, forty Golden Plover going S.E.
March 2nd, six going §.: 10th, eight going N. September 6th,
one going N.: 18th, two going N.: 24th, twoat 10 am. October
13th, three going S.W.: 14th, thirty-five going N. at 3 PM;
wind moderate N.W. November 26th, flocks of Green and
Golden Plover in neighbouring marshes; frosty weather.
December 10th, eight Golden Plover going N.

Oyster Island, S—December 7th, twenty on island: 12th,
thirty going S.

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Mine Head.—November 26th, fourteen flying 8.: 27th, twelve.

Hook Tower.—¥ebruary 2nd, thirty Lapwings about all day.
Green Plover were here in great numbers during the winter,
but left about the middle of February. May 13th, two.
November 28th, many.

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 31st, two flocks of Green
Plover flying towards land at 8.30 a.m.; wind fresh E., snow.

Tuskar.—April 2nd, one Lapwing on the rock at 7 P.M.:
14th, one left for the land at 8 A.M.; wind strong S.E., gloomy.

South Rock Light-ship—May 11th, two Plover and one
Swallow round light at midnight; wind light S.E., hazy:
12th, two Plover at midnight; wind light N.W. November

178 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
:

9th, three about ship at 6.30 pM. December 18th, flocks,
with Thrushes and Curlew (see under Thrush). .

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 20th, great rush of birds,
including several Plover (see under Lark): 22nd, number of
“ Peeweeps” round lantern first part of night. May 6th, a
Lapwing observed: 9th, a pair on island: 17th, a few about.
September 17th, several. October 1st, Lapwing to and fro.
November 15th, several flymg in rays of light at 8.30 P.m.; wind
S., dense fog. December 9th, Lapwing, Blackbirds, Starling,
and Larks plentiful up to 5 a.m.; still, calm, and hazy: 11th,
plentiful in rays of ight (see under Lark).

Maidens South.—February 20th, 21st, and 22nd, great rushes
of birds, two Lapwings killed striking (see full note under
Thrush). [Leg and wing of Green Plover received. |

Innishtrahull_— March 10th, one on island at noon, first
seen all winter; strong breeze S.W., fog. April 29th, one on
island.

Dunree Head—December 20th, fifty going E., and flocks
flying about all day; wind moderate E. :

Aranmore.—April 28th, two near station. December 4th,
Grey and Green Plover about in flocks.

Kullybegs.—Spring, “Green Plover observed almost daily.”
October 10th, five at 3 p.m. November 26th, flocks (see note
under Golden Plover).

Oyster Island, S—November 14th, thirty going N.; wind
light $.., showery. December 23rd, some on island all day;
wind light E., frosty. “Green Plover are very numerous this
winter.”

Arran Island, N—December 31st, numbers of Plover and
other birds on account of frost.

Arran Island, S—October 25th, four going E., one shot;
snow showers. December 23rd, four, appeared young birds.

Tearaght——December 30th, one; wind fresh E.

Skelligs—December 24th, two on rock; fresh breeze N.E.,
mist.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Hook Tower—March 10th, five about shore all day: 16th,
six. August 19th, thirty on rocks all day. September 22nd,
four. November 28th, eight.

,"

1890] IRISH COAST 179

Innishtrahwll.—< Snow Buntings and Turnstones the only
regular residents.”

OySTER-CATCHER (Haematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 22nd, these birds are seen daily at
this station. September 8th, ten all day. Oyster-Catchers
here all the year round, but not numerous in autumn; never
more than one flock seen, the most together being about forty
or fifty.

Tuskar.—April 3rd, two Seapies at 10 A.M.

Howth Baily.—sSeptember 10th, several Seapies all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 9th, plentiful, and always here.

Aranmore.— January, February, and March, Seapie seen
occasionally ; and constantly in July, August, September, and
October.

Killybegs.—Seapie observed almost daily.

Arran Island, Ni—F locks of Sand Larks and Seapies con-
stantly on rock.

Tearaght.—January 12th, four Seapies all day; gale S.

Woopncock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—November 13th, one flying N. at noon.

Maidens North. — November 9th, one going S8.W.; killed
striking at 11.30 P.M.; strong breeze N.E., misty. [Leg and
wing received. |

Innishtrahull—December 27th and 28th, one on island each
day ; fresh breeze 8.E.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Woodcock seen
occasionally. September 30th, two at 1 P.M. October and
December, very plentiful.

Arran Island, S—December 2nd, one on island at 3 P.M. ;
first seen this year; gale N.E., misty.

Tearaght—December 10th, one at 12.30 P.M.; wind moderate
E.: 31st, one at 11 AM. “Two or three Woodcock were seen
lately but not shot. The Peregrine was seen to seize one and
carry it towards another island to the N., and another day to
seize another brown bird, sort not known, which he dropped in
the sea when a Herring Gull chased him, and the Gull got it.”

Skelligs.—December 16th, one shot on rock; fresh breeze E.

180 MIGRATION OF BIRDS. [1890

CoMMON SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel) and
JACK SNIPE (G. gallanula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 16th, one Snipe flying E. November
12th, four flying to the W.: 50th, seven flying W. December
28th, three flying S.

Hook Tower—April 21st, one Jack Snipe killed. [Leg and
wing received. |

Tuskar.—April 19th, one Jack Snipe killed striking; wind
moderate S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 25th, one Snipe killed striking
at 9 A.M.; wind moderate N.E.; hazy, showers. [Received in
flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 6th, the “ heather bleat” of the
Snipe heard; though several Snipe are on island, no nest could
be found: 17th, Snipe still heard overhead and in every direc-
tion. December 9th, Snipe partly injured, caught on balcony
(see note under Lark).

Maidens North—December 9th—[Leg and wing of Snipe
received, “killed”]: 11th, one killed striking at 9.30 P.M.
going N.W.; gale 8.E., rain. [Leg and wing received. ]

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, seen occasionally.
October and December, very plentiful.

Slyne Head, S—November 14th, two Snipe on island at
1 p.m.; strong breeze N.W., showers. “A few Snipe almost
daily.”

Arran Island, N—November 27th, two on island all day;
snow.

Tearaght—March 29th, one Jack Snipe at noon. December
2nd, one large Snipe at noon; wind moderate S.E., fog: 31st,
four Snipe at 8 A.m.; fresh breeze E.

Skelligs—December 14th, one large Snipe shot on rock at
4 pM.; fresh breeze E.

DuNu (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— October 19th, six on the rocks all day:
26th, twenty to thirty on the rocks. November 15th, two
killed striking; wind light S.W. [Legs and wings received]:
17th, Dunlin round the light; wind moderate S.W.; one
killed.

1890] IRISH COAST 181

Arklow South Light-ship—[May 25th, Dunlin received in

flesh, found dead.]

Rockabill—[April 18th, Dunlin received in flesh.]

Innishtrahull.—June 8th and 9th, “observed a very pretty
bird pairing with the Ringed Dotterel, either a Sanderling or
Dunlin; the plumage very much resembled that of a Sanderling
on the back, but it was black under the breast like a Dunlin ;
bill about two inches long, black; legs black; back and wings
much brighter and prettier than the Dunlin. I failed to find
their nest. I never saw birds so different in plumage pairing
before—M. J. KENNEDY.”

PuRPLE SANDPIPER (7'ringa striata, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 22nd, four Purple Sandpipers all day
on the rocks. These birds are seen daily at this station during
the winter. March 16th, twenty about the rocks; wind fresh W.
September 22nd, five, and four Turnstones, all day; wind light
N.W. October 19th, twenty all day; wind light N. November
14th, several; one shot; gale S.W. [Leg and wing received. ]

Tearaght—December 28th, “several Sand Larks at 3 P.M.;
wind light E.” [Leg and wing of Purple Sandpiper received. |

. “SAND LARKS.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.— October 12th, a large flock of Sand
Larks going N.E. at 5 P.M.

Mine Head.—November 8th, three flying N. at noon.

Maidens South—January 28th, five all day.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, “Sea Larks”
seen occasionally.

Killybegs—Sand Larks observed almost daily. November
3rd, large number of “Strand Larks” all day; strong breeze
W., foggy.

Arran Island, N—Flocks of Sand Larks and Seapies con-
stantly on rock.

Tearaght—January 11th and 12th, one or two Sand Lark;
wind strong to a gale. November 9th, one Sandpiper.
December 17th, three Sand Larks: 28th, several Sand Larks
at 3 p.M.; wind light E. (Probably Purple Sandpiper, which
see.)

182 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
_

REDSHANK (Yotanus calidris, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 19th, two on the rocks all day.

Arklow South Light-ship.—November 15th, one going S.E.

Innishtrahuli. — November 12th to 14th, twenty-one on
island each day, “an unusual number to be together here.”

Killybegs.— Observed almost daily.

Oyster Island, S—November 25th, ten going 8.E.; squally.
December 7th, three seen.

Slyne Head, S—August 2nd, three on island.

CurLEw (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown— January 11th, a large flock flying W..,
high. March 6th, a large flock flying high to the S.W. July 6th,
thirty on the bank. October 15th, five: 30th, numbers feeding.

Mine Head.—March 14th, two flying N.W. April 19th, four
flying N.

Hook Tower.—F¥ebruary 2nd, about fifty all, day. October
19th, forty. Curlew here all the year round.

Tuskar—March 11th and 12th, great numbers, whistling ;
wind fresh S.W.: 20th, one. April 3rd and 4th, two: 19th,
four.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 11th, one around ship at
10 p.M.; wind moderate N.W.: 14th, one all night.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 6th, two flying round
ship at 8 p.m. April 19th, flocks going N.W. up to 11 PM:
20th, flock going NW. at 10.50 p.m.; fresh breeze 8.W., gloomy.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 23rd, flocks going N.W.
(see full note under Starling). April 12th, one about lantern
at 11 p.m. December 20th, some going N.W. (see note under
Starling).

Arklow North Lnght-ship—April 15th, flock going N.E. at
9.40 pM.: 29th, one going N.W. May 8th, flock going S.W.,
flying high, at 10 p.m. July 16th, one over ship. August 8th,
several going 8.W. at 11 p.m.; wind light S.E.: 9th, flock going
W. at 9.45 P.M.

Howth Baily—October 26th, flocks Curlew and Starling all
day remaining; strong breeze N.W. November 8th, flock at
5 p.m. along the shore,

1890] IRISH COAST 183

Rockabill_—March, great rushes of birds (see under Black-
bird).

South Rock Light-ship—May 6th, two going N.E. December
18th, rush of birds, including Curlew (see under Thrush).

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 20th, remarkable rush of
Curlew and other birds (see full note under Lark): 22nd,
some seen in rays of lantern; misty: 25th, some flying past
light. May 17th, during the past week about a dozen Curlew
or Whimbrel on island. August 10th, Curlew calling at night
and flying about by day.

Maidens South—February 20th, 21st, 22nd, and 26th, great
rushes of birds (see full notes under Thrush), March 7th,
numbers of Curlew heard passing through the night; gloomy
and showery: 11th, Curlew heard passing: 12th, passing at
night: 16th, heard all night.

Dunree Head.—September 28th, seven going N.E. October
24th, twenty-four going N.W. November 7th, six going E.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Curlew seen
occasionally. September 30th, a flock going S.E. at 2 PM.;
gale S.W. October and December, very plentiful.

Killybegs.— Observed almost daily.

Slyne Head, S—March 31st, two gomg E. at 3 PM.
April 10th, one do. going E.: 25th, two do.; 27th, six on island.
May 17th, two: 25th, seven going E. July 2nd, five going E.:
7th, three do.; “Curlew very numerous this year.” August
Ist, nineteen going 8.W.: 2nd, five on island. September 21st,
two do. October 17th, 19th, and 25th, one to five noted.
November 5th, 14th, and 16th, a few.

Arran Island, N—May 20th, six going W. August 16th,
sixteen on rock all day.

Arran Island, S—October 28th, fifty going N.W. November
30th, fifteen lighting on crag near lighthouse at 10 a.M.; large
flocks passing; gale S.W., foggy.

Tearaght.—December 4th, one at noon; strong breeze N.E.

Skelligs—December 24th, one at 9 a.M.; fresh breeze N.E.

WHIMBREL (Vumenius pheopus, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.— April 20th, Whimbrel heard at 1 A.M.
May 11th, some going W. in the afternoon ; also heard at night :
dlst, two large flocks going E. at 9 p.m.

184 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

Hook Tower.—May 4th, 5th, and 6th, passing and hovering
round the lantern ; wind moderate S.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—August 10th, “four Curlew, young
May birds,” going N. at 2 P.M.; calm.

South Rock Light-ship—August 2nd, ten gomg N.W. at
10 a.m.: 3rd, large flock going N.W. at 8 a.M.; wind light N.W.:
7th and 12th, large flocks passing all day N.W.: 22nd, large
flocks, about twenty in number, going N.W. at 6 AM.; wind
light S.W., showery. “Above flocks of Whimbrel largest
ever seen here.—HEnry THOMPSON.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 17th (see under Curlew).

Innishtrahull—_May 25rd, six “ young Curlew” on island at
6 P.M.; wind moderate 8.E., clear; two shot. [Leg and wing of
Whimbrel received. |

Slyne Head, S—May 14th, one May bird on island at 11 A.M.;
first seen this year; gale W.: 15th, two; gale S.W.; “May
birds scarce.”

Tearaght.—September 2nd, “ wing of Curlew picked up at
Peregrine’s feeding-place.” [Leg and wing of Whimbrel
received. | ,

Arctic Tern (Sterna macrura, Naum.).

Tearaght.—October 9th, wing of supposed Lesser Tern picked
up at Peregrine’s feeding-place. [Wing of Arctic Tern received. |

TERNS.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 8th, flocks of Sea Mews
passing all day N.W.; fresh breeze W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—August 10th, “three Kittiwakes
—hblack caps with forked tails, don’t know their name,” round
ship at 7 P.M.; calm.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 12th, “Mews arrived this
morning; were not again seen till next morning, when they
were not so plentiful; were not seen during the day; next
morning they were again observed, but up to the 17th were
not plentiful. Probably those observed in the morning arrived
during the night, and were merely passing on to their final
destination. June 20th, some Mews’ eggs found: 30th, the
Mews’ eggs, which are laid on the level ground unprotected

=

1890] IRISH COAST 185

and unhidden, are picked up as soon as they are laid. Boys
come out from the mainland purposely to gather them; one boy
gathered fourteen dozen one afternoon.—EDWARD M‘Carron.”
August 10th, a very few young Mews may be seen. September
1st, Mews still here: 12th, nearly all gone: 18th, a few still
on island (see also under Crane): 20th, only a few lately
here, but this evening some two or three hundred were on
the island. October 1st, Mews all gone.

Slyne Head, S—May 19th, “Perrs” arrived to build on
adjacent island.

KITTIWAKE GULL (Rissa tridactyla, Linn.).

Aranmore.—August 21st, one caught at light at 1 aM.;
: wind light E., gloomy, squally. [Young Kittiwake received
in flesh.]

Tearaght.—March 27th, Kittiwakes landed at 6 a.M.; wind
light S.W., misty, passing showers, hail. April 3rd, great
numbers all day; fresh breeze S.W. August Ist, all sea birds
nearly gone, except Kittiwake. Some few remained till about
the first week in September. December, Kittiwakes, old and
young, about rock during month: 16th, one young Kittiwake
killed at lantern at 11 p.m.; wind light E. [Leg and wing
received. |

“ GULLS.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown—January 3rd, several Grey Gulls
all day, and on 6th. MHerring Gulls and Common Gulls
feeding on sprats in the afternoon of the 11th: 13th, a large
flock of Herring Gulls, also one Iceland Gull and several
Common Gulls fishing. February 16th, two Iceland Gulls
. fishing near the lighthouse; wind fresh $.S.E., gloomy. One
of these birds was much smaller than the other and lighter in
colour. March 22nd and 28th, numbers of Common Gulls on
the bank: 30th, numbers of Kittiwakes. April lst and 3rd,
Kittiwakes numerous: 5th, two Herring Gulls were observed
to chase and strike a small Grey Gull, which fell dead on the
water: 12th and 13th, many small Grey Gulls and Herring
Gulls about the harbour: 25th, numbers of Kittiwakes feeding.
May 11th, about two hundred Kittiwakes: 30th, about thirty

Kittiwakes and some Common Gulls feeding. June 8th,
N

i i ee

186 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

*
numbers of Kittiwakes: 18th and 22nd, several Common Gulls.
July 2nd, fifty Common Gulls on the bank. At intervals
during October many Kittiwakes and Common Gulls noted.
November 29th, some hundreds of Kittiwakes.

Hook Tower—Common Gulls, Kittiwakes, and Black-headed
Gulls daily seen during the early part of the year. April 26th,
many Herring Gulls and Kittiwakes on the water all day ;
gale N. Numbers of Gulls noted September 3rd, 19th, and
30th. November 26th, many Common Gulls, Herring Gulls, and
Kittiwakes to be seen all the year round. Gulls build in cliffs
about four miles off.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 24th, several Gulls and
Puffins about ship at noon.

Arklow South Light-ship—Novewmber, great number of small
Common Gulls, also Herring Gulls and a few Black-Backs, and
a few “Skua Gulls.”

Codling Bank Light-ship—April, “Gulls about the ship daily.”

Howth Baily—August 3rd, large flocks Gulls all day: 25th
to 28th, large flocks Gulls remaining. October 24th, large flocks
Gulls of various descriptions, and Razorbills and Guillemots,
from noon to 3 P.M., appeared to be feeding on sprats; wind
moderate W., clear: 27th, immense flocks of Gulls.

Copeland (Mew) Island—July 1st, Kittiwake Gulls very
plentiful. August 9th (see under Razorbill): 20th, Kittiwake
Gulls plentiful. October 1st, Kittiwake Gulls still about island:
10th, Skua Gull shot by visitor: 13th, Gulls plentiful about
island. November 20th, during autumn and up to the present
Royal Gulls may be seen daily, sometimes as many as a dozen
together.

Maidens South—January 8th, 12th, 14th, 18th, and 22nd,
Black-backed Gulls—one to three—seen near rock.

Innishtrahull—November 1st, two Skuas near island at
2 p.M.; they were chasing all other Gulls near them.

Dunree Head.—October 8th, great numbers of Gulls and
Puffins on water at 3 p.m.; fresh breeze S.E.

Aranmore.—January and February, Gulls, both Black-backed
and Common, seen occasionally during these months. July
and August, Lesser and Greater Black-backed and Herring
Gulls seen constantly. October, same species seen daily. A
few Common Gulls always remain.

il

1890] IRISH COAST 187

Slyne Head, S.—January 6th, one cream-coloured or Iceland
Gull flying about island at 3 P.M.; strong breeze 8.W.; shot,
fell into sea, and was lost.

Tearaght.—October 20th, Common Gulls noted, also Skua
at 2 pm.; wind light N. December 27th, “eight or ten
Cormorants or Shags, two Royal (Great Black-backed) Gulls,
Herring Gulls, Kittiwakes, old and young, several Gannets,
fishing about rock during month.” A Herring Gull chasing a
Hawk (see under Woodcock).

Manx SHEARWATER (Pufiinus anglorum, Temminck).

Hook Tower.—April 26th, about six all day on the sea; gale
N. September 3rd, a number of Shearwaters all day; wind
strong W.: 19th, a number; gale S.E.: 30th, do.; gale S.E.
Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 8th, small flocks passing
all day to the W.; wind fresh W.: 10th, 11th, and 20th, odd
birds passing, principally towards the W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 9th, twelve “ Mackerel
Cock” going W.; strong breeze N.W.

Aranmore.—March 16th, some noted. April, Shearwaters in
large numbers daily. July, seen daily. None observed after
the 24th of August.

Tearaght—May Ist, first heard at 10 p.M.; generally heard
every night up to August.

FORK-TAILED PETREL (Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, Vieill).

Tearaght—October 17th, “no Fork-tailed Petrels seen, but
they are said to breed on the next island.”

StoRM PETREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Incifer Shoals Light-ship—May 18th, one “Petrel” round
ship; wind light S. September 21st, one Storm Petrel in
wake of ship; wind S.W. October 26th, one “ Petrel” about
all day.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 17th, one caught
on deck at 6 A.M, and another at 5 p.M.; wind moderate S.W.,
gloomy. [Leg and wing received.]

Arklow South Light-ship—November 12th, one about ship
at 1.30 P.M.

188 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
_

Arklow North Light-ship—August 11th, one round ship at
1.30 p.M.; calm, fog.

South Rock Light-ship— October 20th, a “ Mother Carey’s
Chicken” caught. [Storm Petrel received in flesh. ]

Killybegs—August 15th, two caught at lantern at 9P.M.; a
wet, hazy night. [Received in flesh. ]

Rathlin Island. —[August 20th, Storm Petrel received in
flesh, caught striking. |

Slyne Head, S—October 25th, one found disabled at 8 A.M. ;
strong breeze N.W.; heavy gale next day; first seen here for
two years. |

Tearaght.—April 19th, one, the first seen, at 10 P.M.; over-
cast, misty. “Storm Petrels were very numerous around light
this season in foggy weather.” May 25th, several from 10 P.M.
to 4 a.m. striking lantern, none killed; fog. July 4th, great
numbers from 11 P.M. to 2.30 Am. striking lantern, none
killed; fog: 10th, 17th, and 18th, great numbers all night;
misty. September 16th, several at 1 Am. at lantern; mist.
October 9th, several around lantern all night, all young
birds: 12th, several between 9 P.M. and 11 P.M. November
3rd, a young one at 11 am; squally: 9th, another do. at
2 P.M.

RAZORBILL (Alea torda, Linn.) and GUILLEMOT
(Uria troile, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 6th, one Razorbill feeding
wind strong §.W.; first noticed for some time: 11th, two
fishing: 15th, one Guillemot on the water; wind strong S.W.:
17th, three and two Razorbills: 27th, many Guillemots about
the harbour all day (probably come in for refuge); weather
severe for some time past: 30th, several Razorbills, last year’s
birds, all day about the harbour. April 6th, four Razorbills:
13th, one Guillemot: 27th, one Razorbill. October 17th, one
Razorbill on the water close to the lighthouse; 22nd, one.
November 12th, two Puffins and a Razorbill: 29th and
December 3rd, a few Razorbills fishing.

Hook Tower.—March 9th, several Razorbills all day. April
21st, small flocks do. passing all day to the S.E.: 26th, Razorbills
on the water. September 19th, a number. December 12th,
thirty Guillemots seen daily. Razorbills build in cliffs about

1890] IRISH COAST 189

four miles off. They are not nearly so numerous here as on
the N.W. coast, where I have seen them scattered over the
water for miles.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 28th, a large flock of
Guillemots flying W. at 3 pM. March 4th, a flock flying in
the same direction.

Arklow South Light-ship.—November, great flocks of “ Razor-
bill Puffin” daily about ship.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—March 16th, several “ Murs” going
S.E. April, “ Murs about the ship daily.”

Howth Baily—September 25th, several Razorbills all day,
remaining: 27th, some all day: 28th, four. October 24th,
flocks (see under Gulls).

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 9th, Razorbills heard [? R. M. B.]
on water. August 9th, numbers of Guillemots, Razorbills,
Kittiwakes, Gulls, and Gannet after fry: 19th, Razorbills
plentiful; a few young ones of this year among them. Septem-
ber Ist, young Razorbills heard daily on the water during the
last fortnight.

Inmshtrahull—March 25th, seven Guillemots near station.

Aranmore.—April, Razorbills and Guillemots in large num-
bers daily. July and August, Guillemots and Razorbills seen
constantly. September, no Razorbills or Guillemots; all other
sea-fowl mentioned in July to be seen daily.

Tearaght.—January 1st to 8th, Guillemots and Razorbills,
old and young, first seen on water round rock; wind fresh
N.E.: 31st, Guillemots first landed on rock, and continued
to come each morning up to February 28th. March 2nd,
several Razorbills landed at 7 a.m.: 27th, Guillemots landed
at 6 AM. “Razorbills began to leave about July 15th.”
Guillemots, Razorbills, and Puffins all left: before end of
August. October 20th, flock of Razorbills and Common
Gulls. December 3rd, one supposed Razorbill heard on rocks
near lighthouse at 8 am: 11th, young Razorbills fishing
all day.

LittLe AUK (Mergulus alle, Linn.).

Vidal Bank. — November 27th, “a bird caught at the
mouth of a freshwater river.” [Little Auk received in
flesh. |

190 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890
_
PorFin (Fratercula arctica, Linn.),

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 20th, four; first noticed
this season; six seen on the following day. November 12th,
two.

Hook Tower.—March 9th, several. April 21st, small flocks
passing all day to the S.E.: 26th, some seen. September 19th,
anumber. Puffins build in cliffs about four miles off.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 21st, a few “ Parrots” flying
to the W.; first seen; wind light W., clear. A small flock on
the 23rd passing in the same direction.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 24th, several (see under
Gull).

Arklow South Light-ship—November, “ Puffins about station
daily.” ;

Codling Bank LInght-ship.—April 1st, 14th, 18th, and 22nd,
eight to fourteen noted going N.E.

Dunree Head—May 5th, several. October 8th, a number
(see under Gull).

Killybegs.—March 28th, first observed this year.

Slyne Head, S—April 25th, one.Sea Parrot found killed by
large Hawk (see under Hawk).

Tearaght.—February 28th, one Puffin (Sea Parrot) at 11 P..,
did not land. March 26th, first landed at 5 pm.; gale S.E,,
mist, rain. All left before end of August. December 8th,
young Puffin picked up. [Leg and wing received. ]

“GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 19th to 22nd, one or two
near station. November 29th and December Ist, one in the
harbour each day.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, seen occasionally.

Oyster Island, S—October 28th; two shot; male and female.
November 14th, three seen; one male shot. December 11th,
three noted.

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHAG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.— January 6th to 22nd, several
Cormorants at intervals: 23rd, twenty-seven Green Cormorants

1890] IRISH COAST 191

in one flock flying W.; and many Cormorants and Shags about
the harbour all day.

Hook Tower.—Cormorants here all the year round; they
breed in cliffs about four miles off.

— Coningbeg Light-ship—January 5th, one Cormorant about
light at midnight; strong breeze S.W., light haze: 11th, one
do.; wind moderate W., clear.

Tuskar.—January, a succession of heavy gales this month.
The Green Cormorant (Shag) appears to be a hardier bird than
P, carbo.

Howth Baily.—September 11th, several Cormorants all day,
remaining: 27th, some. November 18th, several going E.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 17th, Cormorants which have
been here all the year left during the last six or seven weeks.
September 18th, not observed for a long time. November 20th,
always about.

Dunree Head.—August 8th, nine Cormorants going N.W.:
19th, twenty-three going N.E. October 30th, ten going N.E.
December 10th, twenty-four going N.

Aranmore.—January, February, and March, Green and Black
Cormorants seen occasionally. “They are always here.”

Killybegs—Cormorants observed almost daily.

Tearaght.—December 27th, eight or ten Cormorants or Shags
during month.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Hook Tower—March 31st and April 1st, two to four flying
S.E. Very scarce here this spring, only a few pairs seen, gener-
ally flying S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—F¥ebruary 28th, one flying E.
March 4th, one flying W.: 18th and 20th, odd Gannets passing
all day, chiefly to the W.

Incifer Shoals Light-ship—March 9th, several flocks going
W.: 10th, flock going S.W.: 21st, several flocks going S.W.
April 16th, five flocks going N.E.: 17th, three flocks going
N.E.: 24th to 30th, several flocks going N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 10th, five going N.E.:
16th, do.: 29th, flock of thirty-one going N.E. “Gannets
passing N. in small flocks from 10th to 20th of April.”
December 12th, seven going N.E.

192 ‘MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

Arklow South Light-ship.—N ovember, “a few Gannets seen.”

Arklow North Light-ship—March 14th, large flock going
N.E.: 29th, large flocks going N.E.: 30th, several going N.E.:
31st, large numbers going N.E. April 12th, 21st, and 22nd,
several going N.E.: 27th, flock going N.E.: 30th, three Gannets
going S.W. July 11th, two going S.W. August 6th, 7th, and
9th, several noted: 10th, flock going 8.W. October 9th, 10th,
and 11th, several going 8.W. during day.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—March 14th, six going §.W.: 30th,
fourteen going N. April Ist, thirteen going N.E.: 3rd, 6th,
11th, 13th, 18th, and 23rd, six to fourteen each day going N.:
15th, four going S.E.

Kish Bank Light-ship.—April 30th, three going §.E.

Howth Baily—July 27th, several remaining.. September
25th, several going S.

South Rock Light-ship.—April 16th, twenty-one going N.

Copeland (Mew) Isiand—May 6th, several: 9th, always to
and fro. August 9th, numbers about: 20th, plentiful. Septem-
ber 20th, several.

Innishtrahull—April 13th, nine going N.W. December 12th,
one Gannet fishing near station, “alate visitor.”

Kullybegs—February 23rd, one Gannet going N.W.; first
observed this year. March 11th, two fishing.

Arran Island, S—December 22nd, five fishing.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.). °

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—April 19th, eleven; the first
noticed for a long time; they were very light in colour, two
being almost white. Herons are from time to time observed
in large numbers at this station; as many as twenty birds may
be seen feeding on the bank at one time: 21st, some: 27th,
one. June 2nd, one: 18th, five: 21st, one. July 2nd, 4th,
and 6th, one to three. October 12th and 15th, five to seven:
Herons noted 16th, 18th, and 22nd. November 29th, twenty-
four.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 18th, “ yesterday several
‘Cranes’ came to the island pursued by the Mews. I think
their absence during last summer was owing to the annoyance
they would be subjected to by these Mews.”

1890] IRISH COAST 193

Innishtrahull.—J une 6th and 7th, a large Heron on rocks.

Aranmore.—December 4th, one going 8.E.

Slyne Head, S—March 27th and 31st, July 26th, August 19th,
and September 2nd, one to two “Cranes” noted.

Arran Island, N—July 12th, 15th, and August 4th, two to
six “Cranes” all day.

Arran Island, S—November 10th, six “ Cranes ” fishing.

“ GEESE.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 9th, three large Wild Geese
going W.

Hook Tower—One flock of Geese heard passing overhead at
night about the latter part of November. “Not many noticed
since I came here.”

Tuskar.—November, great many Barnacle and Duck remain
in Wexford Bay during the winter.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—November 14th, two flocks of
Barnacle close to ship all day; gale S.: 15th, three flocks
Barnacle about ship until evening: 16th, two flocks do. going
W. at 3 p.m.; lighted close to ship, and flew to land.

Howth Baily. October 25th, about thirty Barnacle going N.

South Rock Light-ship—July 3rd, fifteen Wild Geese going
N.W. at 8 p.M.; wind moderate N., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—December 9th, heard Barnacle flying
overhead.

Maidens South—October 16th, eight Barnacle going W.;
appeared fatigued; strong gale N.W. November 19th, twenty-
two Barnacle going S.: 26th, forty or fifty Barnacle going 8.

Innishtrahull—April 13th, a large flock of Barnacle or Brent
Geese going N.E.; flying very high; “never saw so many in a
flock, there must have been three or four hundred.” Noverber
5th, eighteen Barnacle Geese going W.

Aranmore.—January, Barnacle seen daily in flocks of from
twenty to one hundred passing and repassing. April 10th, sixty
going §.; gale S.: 19th, large flocks feeding on brows of cliffs
near station: 28th, flocks going N.E. September 20th, twenty
going 8. October, Barnacle seen daily passing 8. December,
Barnacle daily passing and repassing.

Killybegs. — February 22nd, ten Wild Geese going N.W.
December 4th, five going S.E.: 26th, four going S.E.

194 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

Oyster Island, S—October 24th, ee flocks of Barnacle
going N.W.; three shot: 26th, six large flocks Barnacle going
N.; squalls: 28th, twelve large flocks going N.; six shot.
November 3rd, one flock Wild Geese going N.: 5th, 6th, 7th,
and 8th, flocks of Barnacle going N. and S.; several shot;
strong breeze W., squalls: 11th, flocks going 8. at 11.30 am.;
strong breeze 8., mist and rain: 17th, thirty Barnacle going
S.: 24th, several flocks going N.; strong breeze N.W.: 25th,
Wigeon and Barnacle going N.; squally. December Ist, fifteen
Barnacle going 8.; strong breeze S.W., rain: 6th, one Barnacle
killed striking at 1 am. going N.W.; wind moderate N.E.,
overcast. “This bird broke two panes of glass, was alone, and
in very poor condition.” “Barnacle generally arrive here in
October and leave in December.”

Slyne Head, S—October 17th, twelve Barnacle flew round
island at 11 aM.; the first this year; fresh breeze N.W., misty.
November, flock of Barnacle seen on adjacent island almost
every day during month.

Arran Island, S—November 25th, two Barnacle going N.E.
at 8 a.M.; first seen this year; strong gale N.E, hail showers:
28th, eighteen going H. at 4 p.m. December 20th, seven going
W. at 3 P.M.

“ SWANS.”

Oyster Island, S—December 23rd, four Swans going S.E.;
wind light E., frosty.

TEAL (Wettion crecca, Linn.).

Oyster Island, S——October 22nd, one “Wild Duck” going §.E.
at 3.30 A.M.; disabled striking; wind light N.W., drizzling
rain; a young bird. [Leg and wing of Teal received. ]

Arran Island, S—December 30th, two Teal on lake near
lighthouse ; remained a short time; strong gale E.

DUCKS.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 5th, sixteen Ducks flying
N.E. November Ist, about fifty Ducks going S.W.: 29th,
nine large Ducks feeding. December 3rd, three Wigeon and
four Teal on the water:- 4th, “I understand that Wild Ducks
have been pretty numerous to the N. of Queenstown.”

.

1890] IRISH COAST 195

Tuskar.—February 26th and 27th, three Scoters about the
rock. November, “Great many Barnacle and Duck remain in
Wexford Bay during the winter.”

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—January 22nd, two Wild Ducks
struck lantern at midnight; fell on deck; strong breeze S.W.,
rain. May 16th, one flock of Black Duck going E. at 5 P.;
wind moderate S., rain.

Arklow North Light-ship—August 3rd, flock of Wild Ducks
going S.W. at 2 p.M.; wind light 8.W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 24th, Wild Duck flying
through the rays of light at 8 p.M.; strong gale S., heavy rain:
26th, twenty round island: 28th, flock flying over island.

Inmshtrahull—February 2nd, two Eider Duck in water in
vicinity of station at 2 P.M.; white with black on top of head;
strong breeze W.; rare visitors here. November 5th, three
Eider Duck near island at 11 a.m.; gale N.; “one of these
was a very pretty bird.”

Oyster Island, S—October 28th, five flocks Wigeon going
N. at noon. November 14th, three flocks Wigeon going N.

Birps NOT IDENTIFIED.

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 9th, one small Diver on the
water, about the size of a Puffin; in colour, black, with white
bars on the wing; and again on the 13th. [Black Guillemot.—
R. M. B.]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 18th, forty birds found killed
on dome of lighthouse; no doubt killed against weathercock on
February 20th, during the great rush of that night. May 6th,
small bird like Whitethroat on island. Two birds, resembling
Wigeon when flying, with white patch on wings, on the passage
between Donaghadee and Mew Island.

Slyne Head, S—October 18th, “a brownish- black bird as
large as a Hawk, with white ring round neck, and one feather
protruding from centre of tail about four inches, passed over
island going E.; wind light N.E., rainy and misty. It was
very daring, coming within a few yards, and giving a few turns
over our heads; flight very easy, flew towards shore. It was
seen on shore for a week after. Great numbers of Black Pollock
on coast at the time. Description of bird by people on shore
agrees with mine, except that they make the centre feather of

196 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1890

tail much longer, ten to twelve inches.” [Buffon’s Skua ?7—
R. M. B.]

Arran Island, N.—October 26th, “two birds about the size
of a Skylark on island; yellow heads and necks, under wings
white, with slate coloured backs, and tail of black and white
feathers,” seen at 1 P.M.; strong gale N., hail showers, snow.

Tearaght— April 18th, one small yellow bird, “not known,
at 1 p.m. September 5th, one small bird, black with white tail,
not identified. November Ist, small bird not identified, brown
and blue on back, and white breast, at 12.30 p.m.; fresh breeze
8.W., fog.

?

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—June 5th, no land birds of any
description passed here lately. Sea birds very scarce for the
time of year.

Tuskar.—April 5th, I shot an Otter on the rock last month.
Very few Warblers killed at light this spring, owing to the
weather. ms

Lockabili—* During twenty years at lighthouses I have never
known of a Bat being killed striking—Joun Hamiton.”

Aranmore.—May and June, “all the species mentioned for
January and February are to be seen, except Snipe, Woodcock,
and Barnacle, also Grey Plover.” ‘No birds struck lantern
during the whole year, except the Kittiwake.”

Tearaght—March 2nd, “sea birds first made their appearance
and began to land on rock, and are very busy. Come always
early in the morning, and leave about 10 a.m.” “No birds
observed in June except the ordinary sea birds.” “All sea
birds nearly gone by Ist of August, except Kittiwake.” “Few
birds strike this lantern, owing to its being a revolving one.”

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198

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

List or LigHt STATIONS.

1. Fastnet, Co. Cork,.......
3a.Spit Bank,
4. Mine Head, Waterford,.
5a. Hook Tower, Wexford,

5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford,
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do.,

do.,
7a. Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do.,

7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do.,

7. Tuskar Rock,

8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow,

8.* Arklow North Lt. -ship,

11. Howth Baily, Dublin,
12. Rockabill, do.,
12a.Drogheda, North,

eeeeee

120. South Rock Lt.-ship, Down, ...

eee eweeee

do.,

13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ...

14.*Maidens South, Antrim,
16.

fe
iis)
21.

Innishtrahull, Donegal,

Dunree Head,
Tory Island, do.,
Rathlin O’Birne, do.,

Killybegs, do.,

Blackrock, Mayo,
Slyne Head, S., Galway,
Arran Island, N., do.,
Arran Island, S., do.,

22.

27.
él.
32.
34.

37.
39.

Tearaght, Kerry,
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Remarks
on

Schedules.

good.

very good,

good.

very good.

good.

excellent.

very good.

good.

excellent.
excellent.

excellent.

excellent.

very good.
very good.

poor.

very good.
very good.

very good.

poor.
excellent.

very good.

good.

very good.
very good.

good.
good.

very good.

Spring.

qo W

Autumn,

Mie =o <o pd

a |

be

a

[1891
:
g Names of Observers.
g
8 Hamilton Kennedy.
George Dunleavy.
— Henry Williams.
— W. H. James.
10 Peter King.
James Beahan and
7 Edward Broad.
7 Jobn Hamilton.
9 James Byrne.
{ Patrick Cullen and
{ Daniel Dunn.
W. Clydesdale and J.
7
Kearon.
8 John Penston and
Alfred Wall.
— Edward M ‘Carron.
5 Edward M‘Kenna.
~ George Dunleavy.
Patrick Clancy and H.
Thompson.
3 RK. Armstrong.
5 Francis Maguire.
M. S. Kennedy and
George Gillespie.
— Jervis Brownell.
9 J. Higginbotham,
2 John Murray.
Joseph Corishand John
= Kennedy.
9 Richard Widdicombe.
3 P. D’Arcy.
9 Michael Barry.
6 J.C. MacGinley.
9 W. 4H. James and
Charles Hawkins.
9 Robert Phelan.

Galley Head sent 1 specimen; Oyster Island, S., 3.

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 190.

o=No reply.

x = Schedules returned wholly or partly filled.

Spring, replies received from 23 stations.

Autumn, replies received from 25 stations.

a ey

1891]

Species.

Kestrel,

Thrush,

2?
Redwing,

”

Fieldfare,

9

>

: two,

6 two,

Blackbird, .

“ six,
29
9
99
39 =!
a two, .
” - —
7 two, .
> as =
:, three,
Ring-Ouzel,
Robin,
Redstart,

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received.

Ree’d. in flesh,

” = L. 29
Missel-Thrush, . Leg and wing,

99

Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

Legs and wings,

Leg and wing,

Legsand wings,
2)

Leg and wing,

”

Rec'd. in flesh,

Leg and wing,

Legs and wings,
Skin, .

Leg and wing,

Ree’d, in flesh,

How Procured.

Shot, .

Killed st.,1 .

Found dead,
Killed st.,
2

Killed st.,

2?

2
?
Killed st.,

29

2
Killed st.,

a)

Killed st.,

Shot, .
Killed st.,
2

Date.

6/12 mo.,
23/ 4 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
19/ 1 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
28/10 mo.,
19/ 3 mo.,
2/ 4 mo.,
3/11 mo.,
24/12 mo.,
16/ 1 mo.,
4/ 2 mo.,
7/ 2 mo.,
8/ 2 mo.,
10/ 2 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
8/ 1 mo.,
4/ 4 mo.,
5/11 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
5/ 3 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
28/ 4 mo.,
4/11 mo.,
5/11 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
19/ 3 mo.,
2/ 4 mo.,
6/ 4 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
4/ 4 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
3/ 4mo.,
1/11 mo.,
5/ 5 mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

199

Name of Station.

Tearaght.

Skelligs.

Fastnet.

Hook Power.

Oyster Island, S.

Fasinet.

Hook Tower.

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.

Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
9 bel

29 2)

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

29

Rockabill.
South Rock Lt.-ship,

29 9?
Hook Tower.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship
Rockabill.

Fastnet.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Copeland (Mew) Island,
Tearaght.

Fastnet.

Hook Tower,

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Incifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

9 23
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabiil.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Copeland (Mew) Island,
Tearaght.

Fastnet.

Rockabiil.

Tuskar.

200
Species.

Redstart,

a3
Stonechat,
Wheatear;

a?

9

bel

9 O

56 two,

be]

29

aa two,

39

a two,

Aa two,

”

53 j

- four,

Sedge Warbler,

9
Blackcap,

9 .
Willow Wren,

Ee) a9
bP)

Chiffchaff,

99

” 0 -
Golden-crested Wren,

Wren,.
Titlark,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Leas, WINGS,

How Received.

Ree’d, in flesh,

99
Leg and wing,
Skin, .

Leg and wing,
9?
Legsand wings,

Leg and wing,
29
Legs and wings,
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,
Legsand wings,
Ree’d, in flesh,
Leg and wing,
Rec'd. in flesh,
Leg and wing,
Rece’d. in flesh,

Leg and wing,

a9
Rec'd. in flesh,

a)

9

33

Leg and wing,

99
Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

29
Ree’d. in flesh,

LP)

Wing,.
Leg and wing,

{ 13

[1891

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Procured.

Caught,
Shot, .
Killed st.,
Found dead,
Killed st.,

2)
Killed,

2
Killed,

Le)
Killed st.,

3)
Killed,
Caught,
Killed st.,

9

Killed st.,
Found dead,
Killed st.,

a9
Caught,
Killed st.,
Found dead,
Killed st.,

”

Caught,
Killed st.,

29

Killed,

Killed st.,
2

Killed st.,

2 .
Found dead,
Caught, ,

with }
12 others, j

Date.

7/11 mo.,
13/ 9 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
17/ 3 mo.,
1-9/4 mo.,

5/ 4mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

2/ 4 mo.,
6/ 4 mo.,
10/ 4 mo.,
18/ 9 mo.,
3/10 mo.,
7/ 4 mo.,
10/ 4 mo.,
12/ 4 mo.,
13/ 4 mo.,
11/ 4 mo.,
10/ 4 mo.,
4/ 4 mo.,
6/ 5 mo.,
14/ 9 mo.,
6/ 5 mo.,
8/ 5 mo.,

21/ 5 mo.,

5/ 5 mo.,
9/ 5 mo.,
5/ 5 mo.,
8/ 5 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
14/ 9 mo.,
16/ 4 mo.,
15/ 5 mo.,
8/ 5 mo.,

Name of Station.

Killybegs.
Blackrock, Mayo.
Hook Tower.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

9 ced

th] 29
Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.

22 23
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Howth Baily.

South Rock Lt.-ship.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Rockabill.
Maidens S.

99

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

9 9
Howth Baily.
Maidens S.
Hook Tower.
Rockabill.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

”

Maidens S.

5/ 4 mo., Juskar.

10/ 4 mo.,
11/ 4mo,
6/11 mo.,
11/ 4 mo.,
28/ 4 mo.,
2.0.
1/ 1 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
22/ 1 mo.,
18/ 3 mo.,
27/ 2mo.,

Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.

Howth Baily.
Hook Tower.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.
Tearaght.

2)
Fastnet,
Hook Tower.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship,

1891]

IRISH COAST

201

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Species,

Rock-Pipit, .
Skylark,
ve

” =

Snow Bunting,

i) 29

four,

9 92

Chaffinch,

22

» two,

> *
Brambling, .
22

Starling,

9
Swallow,

House-Martin,
Sand-Martin,
”? ”

Kingfisher, .
Rock-Dove, .
Turtle Dove,
Land-Rail, .
Water-Rail,

How Received.

Leg and wing,

2)
Legsand wings,
Leg and wing,

Wing, .
Leg and wing,

3
Ree’d. in flesh,

9

Leg and wing,
29
Legsand wings,

Wing, .
Leg and wing,

Rece’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

Rece’d. in flesh,
29

Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,

Wing, :

Rec'd, in flesh,

How Procured.

2
Killed st.,

Killed,
Found on roof,
Found dead,
Killed st.,
Shot, .
» with 4
others,
Killed st.,
Died on deck,
Killed st.,

22

Killed,

i
Killed st.,

39

>

Picked up, .
Shot, .

Killed st.,
Caught,
Found dead,
Shot, .
Found,
Caught,

Date.

22/ 1 mo.,
26/10 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
5/ 4 mo.,
4/ 2 mo.,
10/ 2 mo.,
19/ 2 mo.,
10/ 4 mo.,
18/ 4 mo.,
21/12 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
6/10 mo.,

}rope mo.,

27/10 mo,,
17/11 mo.,
28/10 mo.,
7/11 mo.,
6/11 mo.,
5/ 4 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
1/ 4 mo.,
3/11 mo.,
24/12 mo.,
4/ 2 mo.,
7/ 4mo.,
10/ 4 mo.,
27/10 mo.,
24/12 mo.,
25/12 mo.,
11/ 4mo.,
27/10 mo.,
2/ 6 mo.,
23/ 4 mo.,
23/ 4 mo.,
6/ 5 mo.,

26/ 4 mo.,

9/ 9 mo.,
14/12 mo.,
23/ 4 mo.,
19/ 4 mo.,
27/10 mo.,

Name of Station.

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

9
Howth Baily.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Tearaght.
Fastnet.
Hook Tower.

29 9

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Tearaght.

a”
Fastnet.
Tuskar.
Hook Tower.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

2) ”

be] 29
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

a9 29
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Tearaght.
Skelligs.

>
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

”?

Tearaght.

Galley Head.
0

Lees, Wines, ere, Recetvep—continwed.

202
Species. How Received.
Water-Raill, Ree’d. in flesh,
>> >> » 22
- “a . Leg and wing,
»»> > . <
Golden Plover, . >>
Green Plover, . Wimg, . .
Turnstome, . . Reed. in fiesh,

> ”

ee two, Reed. im flesh,
> > four, »>
>»> b> bs >»
Woodeork, . Leg and wing,
Seip, 5. ‘a
Jack Snipe, . . Ree’d, im fiesh,
Duniin, : . >
Arctic Term, . Leg and wing,
Black-headed Gull, Reed. im flesh,
Iceland Gall, >
Manx Shearwaitier, =
Storm Petrel, . Wing, ~ e
»> > Reed. in flesh,
~ = . Leg and wing,
> Ps > yD
Commen Scoter, . Rec'd im flesh,

4 = two, Legsandwings, { - os snather | 5! £m, Blucwnmtor BamiEt sh.
~ Wing, ~ >.

Bad breasted, Mer

say ~ ) Riee’d. im im flesh,

MISCELLANEOUS.

Bat,, Dambention’s, Rec'd. im flesh,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

jf Caught om

e fisel

Killed st., . 5/11 mo, Hook Tower,
2 «=, 23/ Sma, Barrels Rock Lt. -ship.

6/ 4 mo, Blackwater BankLt.sh.
23/12 ma, Ruthlim 0 Birme
21/12 ma, Killybegs.

9/ L ma, South Rock Lt.~ship.
10/ 3 ma, Oyster Eslamil, S.
11/12 me, Hook Tower.

7 31/12 ma, >» >»

eon . 12/10 me, Ruthlin O Birne
» + > 22/10 ma, Killybegs.
mm > = e/10 me, Slyne Head, Ss
Killed st., . 24/12 ma, Hook Tower.
ae . VY lme, Blechwoter Bank Tish,
~ . 2/12 me, Meek Tower.
12/ 4 moa, South Rock Lt_-shaip.
19/ 4 me, Avhiouw N. Lit. ~suit.
10/10 mo., Rathlin O Birne.
a diylias, l/ Lma, Teamragiit
Shet, . . 6/12 mea, Killybegs.
hal #3 5/ S mea, Heuth Baily.
Picked up, . 14/11 mo, Heok Tower.
af . Ulme, »
Killed st.. . 6/11 mea, Tushur Rock.
g 5/11 mea, Bluewater BankTi-~sh.
Killed st, . 1l/ Sma, Sihelligs.
a . 5/10me, Hook Power.
g Killed strik.

Killed st.,

Caught,

Killed st...
gz

Shot, .
Ried ste

-

2 «5s «10 Sma, Oyster Eland, &
Probably shot, 22/12 ma, Killybegs.

Cumght, _ 21/ 4ma, Lucifer Shoals Dish.

IRISH COAST

Shearw

ater, Manx,

- oa.

203

204 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891 ;

GREENLAND Fatcon (Falco candicans, J. F. Gmel.).

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 23rd, “a White Hawk, some-
thing larger than the Game Hawk. It was perched on the
rock. When it started, it flew away towards Achill Head.”
[Probably a Greenland Falcon.—Rh. M. B.]

PEREGRINE Fautcon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Fastnet—May 10th, one Peregrine hovering at 8 AM.; wind
N.E., clear. “Peregrines have been here all winter, and
carcases of birds they have killed have been found on rock.”
September 9th, one Peregrine at noon.

Mine Head—February 28th, one Peregrine Falcon found
dead in a field near lighthouse. March 12th, one do. at 1 P.M.
going KE. April 14th and 18th, one do. noted. June 21st, one
Peregrine seen.

Tearaght—March 6th, one. April 6th, two Peregrines
remain to breed. November 5th, two Hawks, Peregrine, and
Kestrel. ;

Skelligs—March 9th, two Peregrines, male and female; they
breed on rock.

KEstrEL (Falco tinnwneulus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—May 21st, two at 8 A.M. going N.

Rathlin O Birne——December 17th, one.

Tearaght—February 10th and July 30th, one Kestrel.
November 5th, two Hawks, Peregrine, and Kestrel. December
6th, a Hawk shot and sent. [Kestrel received in flesh. ]

Skelligs—April 23rd, a Hawk shot at 7 P.M. on rock; strong
breeze E. [ Kestrel, stuffed by keeper, received]. October 21st,
one Kestrel.

SPARROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—January 8th, two Sparrow-Hawks going N.
June 10th, one.

Hook Tower.—October 23rd and November 21st, one or two
Sparrow-Hawks seen.

Howth Baily — August 2nd, one Sparrow-Hawk: also noted
on 16th, September 8th, and November 17th.

i
’
.

1891] IRISH COAST 205

Innishtrahull.—August 15th, two Sparrow-Hawks hovering ;
wind moderate N.W. September 20th, two.

Rathlin O Birne. — Sparrow-Hawk noted, February 7th,
August 5th, and December 27th.

Slyne Head, S—March 26th, one on island.

Arran Island, N—Sparrow-Hawk seen here from February
21st to March Ist.

Tearaght.—April 1st, one at 2 P.M.

HAWES.

Ballycotton—March 20th, “there are always small Hawks,
Starling, Linnets, etc., here.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 27th, a Hawk going S.E., flew
about ship for a few minutes at 2.30 p.M.; fresh breeze N.W.,
clear.

Barrels Rock Lnght-ship—July ist, one small Hawk about
ship from 4 A.M. to 8.50 A.M.; wind light 8.W., clear. November
5th, one Hawk chasing a small bird: 24th, one Hawk going
N.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—July 29th, one “Lorey Hawk”
flying about ship at 10.30 am. October 14th, one “Lorey
Hawk” and Lark around ship at 4 P.M.; wind gale S8.W., clear.
“The Hawk caught the Lark and thought to come on board
with it; we beat him off; he was exhausted, and he let go the
bird and flew in for shore.”

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 23rd, one Hawk about
ship chasing Linnet at 6 A.M.; clear.

Arklow South Light-ship.— June 7th, one Hawk at
10.30 A.M.

Rockabill—October 25th, one Hawk going N.: 26th, one
Hawk on rock; wind gale N.E.: 29th, one Hawk on rock all
day ; wind light E.: 30th, one Hawk; wind light S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.— November 5th, “several birds
striking, a few killed; a Hawk seen to seize a bird in the rays
of the light at 11 p.m.”

Dunree Head.—-April 14th, one Hawk going W.

Tory Island—November 5th, one Hawk in cliffs: 21st, one
Hawk caught a Dotterel and killed it at 4 p.m. “I have noticed
Hawks always seem to prefer such birds as Dotterel, Sand

206 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Larks, etc., to a Thrush, Blackbird, or Starling, as I have often
seen the Hawk pick out one of these birds even when the others
were plentiful all round.” December 6th, 9th, and 13th, one
seen: 20th, one caught and killed a Dotterel at 9 aM, near
station.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 30th, one large Hawk, grey on
back and white underneath, at 12.20 am. going N. April
5th, two Falcon Hawks, one white underneath and grey on
back, about rock: 22nd, one Grey Falcon Hawk. June,
Falcon Hawks come here at intervals; don’t breed here.
September 13th, small Hawk at 1 PM.: 16th, one “ Falcon
Hawk (Game).”

Slyne Head, S—March 21st, two Hawks all day on island;
gale W.: 28th, one Common Hawk on island. April 4th, one
Common Hawk going N.W.: 12th, one do. on island. July
15th and 28th and October 12th, one do. noted.

Arran Island, Si—September 5th, one Hawk at 8 a.M. chas-
ing birds on island (very scarce here).

Tearaght—February 1st, one Brown Hawk at 10 AM;
“name not known”: 3rd, seen again: 17th, one male Hawk
greyish) all day: 23rd, two Hawks (one bluish grey, the
other brown) at 12.30 p.m. April Ist and 19th, one small
Spotted Hawk all day. October 26th, one Hawk on island.

Skelligs.— August 3rd, one “ Hen Harrier” feeding on a Puffin
at 2 P.M. on rock.

OWLS.

Hook Tower.—September 12th, one Owl at 5 p.M.; wind light
E., blue sky, clouds.

Howth Laily.—May 26th, one Owl in fields. July 30th, a
large Owl near station, coming out of a rabbit-hole. August
14th, two seen in the evening.

RockabilimNovember 5th, one Owl on rock from 10 A.M. to
11.30 A.M.; went W.; wind light W., gloomy: 6th, one Owl
from 9 A.M.to 11 A.M.; wind light W., gloomy; “I think this is
the same Owl that was on rock yesterday”: 10th, one on rock:
13th, one between 11 A.M. and 1 p.M.; went W.

Rathlin O Birne.-—February 12th, one Owl at 3 P.M. going
K.; wind light N.W., blue sky. October 25th, one Owl at
noon on island; wind moderate S., clear.

1891] IRISH COAST 207

“ FLYCATCHERS.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—April 13th, Flycatcher, 10 P.M. to
12 p.M., perched on lantern sash; wind light 8., clear.

Rathlin O Birne-—September 11th, two Flycatchers on island
at 11 AM.

MissEL-THRUSH (Z'wrdus viscworus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—November 6th, five Thrushes (“ Warblers”) killed
striking; wind light E., very dark. [Leg and wing of Missel-
Thrush received. ]

Spit Bank, Queenstown—May 11th, “I was shown to-day
a Fieldfare’s nest containing five young birds; it was in a Plum
tree in Mr O’Connell’s garden at Ballydonal, on the north side
of Queenstown Island.” [Probably Missel-Thrush.—R. M. B.]

Hook Tower.—November 6th, one Missel-Thrush at 10.30 p.m.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Howth Baily—July 12th, on this day, and during five or
six weeks afterwards, large birds like Fieldfares, but not the
same colour on back, were near station. [Probably Missel-
Thrush.—R. M. B.]

Oyster Island, S.— January 19th, Missel-Thrush killed
striking. [Leg and wing received. ]

TuHrusH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 5th, several, with “ Redwings,” all night
hovering round light; wind light E., gloomy: 6th, three dozen
“Redwings” killed striking, going §.W.; wind light E., very
dark—[ Leg and wing of Thrush received]: 7th, “ Redwings” (?)
hovering round light.

Mine Head.—January 11th, eighteen Thrushes going S. at
~9am.; one killed.

Hook Tower.—October 27th, great rush of Thrushes and other
birds all night round lantern, going S.E. to N.E.; wind strong
N.E., overcast—[Leg and wing received]. November 7th, five
$ Sap Thrushes” killed striking ; wind light S.W., gloomy.

Coningbeg Light-ship—RMarch 10th, flocks (see under Linnet).
October 27th, Thrushes all night flying round lantern ; left at
4.30 A.M. for land; wind fresh E. November 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th,

208 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

7th, 8th, and 9th, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings all night;
numbers struck, fell overboard; wind moderate E., 3rd to 6th.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—oOctober 27th and 28th, various
birds about light (see under Blackbird); killed night of 28th—
[Leg and wing of Thrush received]. November 2nd, one Thrush
at 9.5 am.; killed; overcast.

Tuskar—April 1st to 9th, great number of Thrushes and
other birds all night round light; going N.W. at daylight; great
number killed striking (see under Wheatear). November 16th,
great number of Thrushes and other birds all night round light;
wind fresh S., fog and rain; numbers killed, male and female,
young birds: 17th, a few on rock all day; fog and rain: 18th
to 25th, Thrushes going W.; a few killed, male and female.
December 4th to 20th, great numbers of Thrushes and other
birds all night round ight; wind strong E. and variable; many
killed, male and female, young and old: 21st to 30th, flocks
passing all day going W.; some on rock: 31st, Thrushes all
night round light.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 3rd, one Thrush killed
striking at midnight; fell overboard; wind light W., fog: 10th,
one killed striking at 2 a.m.; fell on-board; wind light W.S.W.,
clear. March 19th—|Legs and wings of two Thrushes received].
April 3rd, one killed striking.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—January 3rd, flock going N.;
wind S.W. March 20th, one about light: 31st, four do.; one
killed. April Ist, six about light—[Leg and wing received]:
4th, flock going N. October 26th, flock about light; gale; two
killed: 28th, flock going N.W. November Ist, four: 2nd and
drd, several about light—[Leg and wing received]: 5th, 6th,
and 7th, several about light. December 22nd, six about light;
two killed: 24th, several do. [Leg and wing received]: 25th,
several about light.

Arklow South Light-ship—RJanuary 1st, some, with Starlings,
about lantern: 16th, one killed—[Leg and wing received];
wind moderate N.E., clear. February 4th, Thrushes, Larks, and
Starlings about light; wind light W., overcast; several killed ;
fell on deck and overboard—[Leg and wing received]: 6th, a
few small birds about light at midnight; and “several small
birds about light from midnight to 4 A.M. on 7th; wind light
S.W., gloomy; one killed and one disabled, Thrushes”; one

b

_ aE ——

1891] IRISH COAST 209

Thrush about light at 8.30 p.m., killed; wind light S.W. [Legs
and wings of one killed striking on 7th, and one on 8th,
received]: 10th, numbers of small birds at light ; some striking
(see under Lark)—[Leg and wing of Thrush received]. March
5th, one about lantern at 2 A.m.; killed striking; clear. October
28th, Thrushes during day going N.W. November Ist, one at
2 A.M. about ship, killed: 5th, Thrushes and Blackbirds during
night about light; wind light N.N.E., clear; one Thrush
killed.

Arklow North Light-ship—F¥ebruary 5th, six about lantern;
fog; several killed striking: 7th, four do.; some killed. May
6th, several do.; fog; one killed; some fell overboard: 8th, a
few about light. October 27th, Thrushes and Larks about
light; several killed. November 2nd, large number of Thrushes
and other birds about light; went N.W. (see under Skylark);
and one Thrush at 2 P.M., floating dead by ship, ebb tide:
22nd, one Thrush about light: 24th, four do.: 30th, one killed
striking; wind strong S.W., rain. December 20th, one Thrush
about ship.

fockabill.October 10th, one going N.W. and two on rock:
27th, several round light; gale E.; six killed striking—[Leg and
wing received]. November 1st, countless numbers of Thrushes
and other birds at lantern at night; nine Thrushes killed (see
under Blackbird) ; wind moderate E.: 2nd, several at lantern:
4th, sixteen going W. in daytime, and five killed striking:
6th, several at lantern: 8th, five all day.

Drogheda.—November 25th, a few going S.W.

South Rock Light-ship.—January 8th, flock of about twenty
about light at 8 p.M.; one killed striking; clear—[Leg and wing
received]. April 4th, several, with Blackbirds, about light from
9 p.M. to midnight; three killed—[Thrush and two Blackbirds
received in flesh]. [November 5th, Leg and wing of Thrush
received ; found dead. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 12th, Thrushes and other birds
found dead in gutter of dome of lantern (see under Woodcock).
November 6th, “a few Larks and Thrushes striking; one
killed; wind light W., overcast, sleet”: 30th, a few Thrushes
on island. December 7th, do.

Maidens South—dJanuary 3rd, four, and three Starlings, at
lantern at 6 A.M.; misty; Thrushes about rock during day.

210 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

February 3rd, five at lantern; one killed ; Be rain: 4th, two
at lantern at 3 A.M.: 5th, one killed striking at 2 aM.; clear:
9th, three Thrushes and three Larks at lantern at 1 AM;
wind light S.W., clear; two Larks killed striking. April 8th,
one: 9th, a few at lantern: 10th, two at lantern. October 28th,
three do.; left at daylight. November 2nd, one at lantern:
6th, a number of Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks at lantern
all night; gloomy; left at daybreak. December 22nd, two at
lantern.

Innishtrahuli—January 9th, numbers on island (see under
Fieldfare). October 5th, one on island at 3 p.m.; gale SE,
cloudy; first arrival: 26th, Thrushes (see under Redwing).
December 8th, one just arrived; gale S.W.: 20th, several
just arrived; strong breeze N.W.

Dunree Head.—January 16th, numbers going E. at 11 AM;
wind fresh N.W.

Tory Island.—October 28th, two at lantern. November 3rd,
a few at lantern: 4th, Thrushes (see under Larks): 5th,
Thrushes, one Blackbird, and Fieldfare round lantern from
midnight to morning; wind light S. to S.E, haze; about thirty
struck; seven killed: 6th, several Thrushes, Blackbirds, etc.,
round station; probably the disabled ones: 10th, “no Thrushes
are to be found on island at any other time during year.’
[Probably some of the Thrushes noted at this station were Red-
wings (see under Redwing)]: 28th and 29th, one. December 1st,
two, one disabled, during night: 3rd, three: 7th, “Thrushes at
lantern from 4 A.M. to 7 A.M.” (see under Redwing); very plenti-
ful round station this morning: 12th, “several round light.”

Rathlin O Birne—January 16th, from three to ten on island
during season. October 10th, some all day. November
Zora,’ Six.

Rillybegs.—February 5th, one at 11 p.m. killed striking. March
7th to 13th, very plentiful; and 28th (see under Cormorant) ;
“natives of the place.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 16th, one about rock; gale N.,
hail.

Slyne Head, S—January 3rd, seven all day. October 3rd,
five killed striking at 11 p.mM.; galeS.W. November 7th, seven
all day; five killed striking; wind light 8.W. December,
Thrushes on island every day.

1891] IRISH COAST 211

Arran Isiand, N—January 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, a few.

Arran Isand, S—October 2nd, two; wind fresh N.W.; first
seen this year.

Tearaght—Numbers during winter 1890-91 (see under Field-

fare). March 8th, one. October 29th, twenty. November
26th, twenty on island; wind fresh N.W. December 15th to
31st, a number on island (see under Blackbird).

Skelligs—October 28th, two Thrushes and one Redwing on
rock; wind fresh 8.E.

REDWING (Zwrdus iliacus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— November 7th, two killed striking; wind light
S.W., gloomy. [Leg and wing received.]

Tuskar.—April 1st to 9th, great rush of Redwings and other
birds round light all night; going N.W. at daylight; great
number killed striking (see under Wheatear). November 16th,
a few all day on rock: 29th, two.

Arklow South Lrght-ship—|[March 5th, Leg and wing of
Redwing received. |

Howth Baily.—November 15th, one found killed on balcony.
Several about station during November and December.

Rockabill—O ctober 26th, one killed: 27th, one killed striking
—|[Leg and wing received]. November 10th, three all day on
rock.

Drogheda.—November 24th, a number about fields: 25th,
number all day going 8.W.; clear and frosty. December 11th,
several going 8.W.

Innishtrahull_—April 7th, two striking lantern at 1 A.M.
October 26th and 27th, Redwings, Blackbirds, and Thrushes
striking lantern glass each night about 2 A.M.; wind fresh to a
gale N.E.; some killed; numbers on island.

Tory Island.—November 4th, rush of birds, including Red-
wing (see under “Larks”): 5th, one Thrush (Redwing) at
10.30 pM, disabled striking; wind light S8.W., clear; first -
caught: 12th, “Thrushes” from 12.15 am. to 4 a.m. round
lantern; strong breeze W., clear moonlight; one Redwing
killed: 13th, a great many Thrushes and other birds round
lantern; only two killed—-Redwings (see under Starling).
December 2nd, two Thrushes (Redwings) at station: 7th,

212 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

“ Thrushes” at lantern from 4 A.M. to 7.30 AML; one Redwing
killed: 12th, Redwing killed striking (see under Thrush).
Rathlin O'Birne—March 9th, five at 11 AM. remained;
gale W.
Tearaght.—October 26th, ten on island ; gale S.E.
Skelligs—October 28th, one on rock (see under Thrush).

FIELpFARE (TZurdus pilaris, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 6th, one dozen killed striking; wind
light E., very dark—[Leg and wing received]: 7th, a number
round light.

Hook Tower—November 7th, three killed striking; wind
light 8.W., gloomy; Thrushes, Redwings, Blackbirds, Starlings,
and one Chaffinch also killed striking.

Tuskar.—November 16th, Fieldfares and other birds all night
round light; numbers killed ; wind fresh S., fog and rain: 21st,
some at midnight round light: 29th, one on rock.

Arklow South Inght-ship—April 29th, one killed striking
at 2 AM.; wind moderate 8.W., clear—[Leg and wing received].
November 4th, Fieldfare and other birds during morning about
light; clear; one killed—[Leg and wing received]: 6th, various
birds during night about light; wind moderate N.W., clear ;
one Fieldfare killed: 7th, Fieldfare killed striking; clear (see
under Blackbird).

Rockabill—November 1st, great rush of birds (see under
Blackbird); a few Fieldfares at lantern: 4th, eight at 10 am.
going W.; wind moderate N.E., gloomy; four killed striking.

Drogheda.—November 1st, six going S.W.: 10th, large flocks
about fields.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 4th, some birds striking ;
a Fieldfare killed: 5th, several birds striking; a few killed.
[Legs and wings of two Fieldfares received.]

Maidens South—February 15th, one on rock at 7 a.M.; flew
to land. October 27th, one about lantern.

Innishtrahull—January 9th, seven Starlings and numbers
of Common Thrushes and Fieldfares on island during day;
wind light W. October 28th, numbers of Fieldfare striking
lantern at 12.30 A.M., and many on island ; wind strong S.E.

Tory Island—November 4th, rush of birds, Fieldfares in-

1891] IRISH COAST 213

cluded (see under Lark): 5th, birds round light (see under
Thrush): 12th, Fieldfare round lantern from 12.15 A.M. to
4 aM.; clear moonlight: 23rd, one going 8.W.; appeared
wounded.

Rathlin OBirne—January 19th, four on island during
season. November 25th, four all day.

Killybegs January, “large flocks through this month, which
was unusual.” March 7th to 13th, Fieldfares very plentiful
(see under Golden Plover).

Arran Island, S.—October 18th, two at 8 A.M.; first seen
this year; wind moderate 8. November 18th, twenty on
island.

Tearaght.—*“ A great many Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Fieldfares, Larks, and other birds visited this place during
November and December ’90 and January ’91, owing, I think,
to the intense frost and snow on the mainland.” November
7th, one killed striking. [Leg and wing received. ]

BLACKBIRD (Z'urdus merula, Linn.).

Fastnet.—November 7th, one killed striking; wind light
S.W., very dark. [Leg and wing received. ]

Mine Head.—January 14th, seven on fields; one killed.

Hook Tower.—October 27th, great rush of Blackbirds and
other birds round lantern going S.E. to N.E.; wind strong
N.E., overcast—[Legs and wings of five males and one female
received]. November 7th, three, one male, two females, killed
striking; wind light 8.W., gloomy.

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 6th, very large numbers of
Starlings, Blackbirds, and small birds at 10.30 P.M. round
lantern; went away about 4 a.M.; wind fresh N.E.; numbers
killed. October 27th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings in
great numbers all night round lantern; left at 4.30 a.m. for
land; wind fresh E. November 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th,
and 9th, Blackbirds, Starlings, and Thrushes all night round
lantern; numbers struck and fell overboard.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— October 27th, several birds of
various kinds about ship during this and following night; some
killed and some fell overboard; fresh breeze S.E. [Leg and
wing of Blackbird received.] (See also under Chaffinch and
Starling. ) |

214 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Tuskar.—April 1st to 9th, great rush of Plackbieas and other
birds round light all night; going N.W. at daylight; great
numbers killed striking (see under Wheatear). November
16th, many all night round light; numbers killed striking;
fog: 18th to 25th, Blackbirds on rock ; great numbers on latter
date. December 12th to 20th, some Blackbirds and other birds
at night round light: 21st to 30th, Blackbirds and other birds
passing.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 3rd, two killed, fell
overboard ; fog. [March 19th, Legs and wings of Blackbirds
received]: 29th, two at midnight; one died on deck, caught
the other.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 7th, flock about light
from 10 P.M. to midnight; gloomy. [April 2nd, Legs and wings
of Blackbirds received, killed striking]: 6th, four at 9 P.M.
about light; hazy—[Leg and wing received]. October 27th,
flocks all night round light. November 2nd and 5th, some
about light. December 7th, two do.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 2nd, some, with Larks
and Starlings, about lantern; seven Larks disabled ; one male
Blackbird killed striking, fell overboard: 12th, two going
N.W. February 5th, two disabled. May 2nd, some about
lantern. October 27th, Blackbirds during night; wind fresh
E.; male and female killed—[Legs and wings of two received]:
28th, some during day going N.W.: 29th, one female about
deck. November 4th, some about light during morning: 5th,
Blackbirds and Thrushes about light: 7th, several, with Larks,
about light; one Blackbird, one Lark, and one Fieldfare killed
striking: 8th, several going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—November Qnd, a large number,
with other birds, about light.

Howth Baily—July 26th, two noted. October 30th, some,
and several in the winter.

Rockabill— October 10th, five going N.W., and two on rock:
11th, one going N.W.: 13th, two on rock: 16th, one going W.:
22nd, three all day on rock: 23rd, two on rock: 24th, one on
rock: 27th, one killed striking— [Leg and wing received]:
31st, fifteen going W. November Ist, countless numbers of
Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, and a few Fieldfares, also Lark,
three Wrens, and one Redbreast at glass of lantern at 9 P.M. to

1891] IRISH COAST 215

4 A.M.; sixteen Blackbirds, nine Thrushes, twenty-one Starlings,
and one Redbreast killed striking: 2nd, several at lantern: 4th,
fifteen going W., three killed striking: 6th, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
and Starlings at lantern, fifteen killed: 8th, two on rock.

Drogheda.—November 24th, some about fields: 25th, numbers
going S.W.

South Rock Light-ship—April 4th, several Thrushes and
Blackbirds about light; two Blackbirds killed striking—
[Two received in flesh]—(see under Thrush).

Copeland (Mew) Island—March 5th, several on the island.
April 5th and 6th, some, with Starlings, striking lantern; gale
S.E.: 7th, several striking from 10 P.M. to midnight; clear:
10th, several striking; hazy: 27th, several breed on island.
May 12th, some, with other birds, found dead in gutter of
dome of lantern; must have been killed striking during the
spring (see under Woodcock): 18th, several nests found.
September 28th, several all day. October 14th and 20th,
several. November 3rd, some killed striking: 4th, one killed:
[6th, Leg and wing of Blackbird received, killed striking]. A
few noted on island at intervals from November 17th to
December 31st.

Maidens South—April 11th, three at lantern. November 1st,
two do. at 2 A.M.:° 6th, numbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Larks flying round lantern; gloomy; left at daybreak.

Innishtrahull— October 26th and 27th, some, with other
birds, round light on island (see under Redwing). December
14th, one just arrived: 20th, several on island.

Dunree Head.—January 9th, one. March 26th, one; gale,
snow.

Tory Island—November 3rd, some round light; one male
caught: 5th, one at lantern: 6th, several (see under Thrush):
10th, “no Blackbirds are to be found on island at any other
time of the year”: 13th, great rush of several species, Black-
bird included (see under Starling). December 2nd, one; first
seen since middle of last month.

Rathlin O Birne—January 17th, three to four on island
during season. October 18th, some seen at noon. November
23rd, seven all day.

Killybegs.—March 7th to 13th, and 28th, Blackbirds plentiful ;
native of the place (see under Cormorant).

216 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

~

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 27th, one female all day on rock.

Slyne Head, S—dJanuary 3rd, three seen: 15th, four. October
3rd, three killed striking at 11 p.m.; gale S.W. December,
Blackbirds on island every day.

Arran Island, N—January 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, a few on
island.

Arran Island, S—September 10th, two remain and build on
island; no trees here. November 10th, seven on island, and
several round light; three killed.

Tearaght.—Numbers during winter 1890-91 (see under Field-
fare). March 9th, one female all day. October 29th, twenty at
10 A.M.; wind moderate E. [November 7th, Legs and wings
of three received, killed striking]: 26th, twenty. December
15th, fifty, also fifty Thrushes, one Snipe all day on. island;
strong breeze S.W., rain and mist ; remained to end of month.

Skelligs—January ist and 2nd, Blackbirds and Starlings still
on rock; left on 3rd (see under Starling). October 26th, ten
at 10 aM.: 28th, a hundred to a hundred and fifty, males and
females, at 1.30 P.M. on rock; wind fresh 8.E. /'

RinG-Ovuzew (Zurdus torquatus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—April 3rd, one shot; “not having seen any like it
before.” [Skin received. ]

Tuskar—April 1st to 9th, great rush of Ring-Ouzel and
other birds round light all night; going N.W. at daylight;
great number killed striking (see under Wheatear): 10th, one
killed striking at 11 p.M.; wind light 8.E., cloudy. December
21st, two at midnight; caught one and let it go again.

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Rockabill—N ovember 1st, one killed striking—[Leg and wing
of Robin received]; great rush of birds (see under Blackbird).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 18th, one all day: 30th, do.
November 17th, one on island.

Maidens South—April 9th, two killed striking at 2 AM:
11th, two at lantern at 10 P.M., one killed.

Blackrock, Mayo. October 16th, one Robin Redbreast all day
about rock; gale N., hail showers.

Tearaght.—October 30th, one Robin Redbreast.

1
a
.

1891] IRISH COAST 217.

Repstart (Luticilla phenicurus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[May 5th, Redstart received in flesh.]

Killybegs—November 7th, one caughtinaswamp. [Received
in flesh. ]

Blackrock, Mayo.—September 13th, one shot. [Received in
flesh. ]

BLACK REDsSTART (Luticilla titys, Scopoli).

Blackrock, Mayo. November 14th, a small bird, slate-
coloured back and breast, reddish tail; used to fly with head
upwards for about two yards into the air after insects.—J.
TRANT.”

STONECHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.)

Fastnet.—May 22nd, one on rock. September 7th and 9th,
one all day.

Hook Tower—September 12th, some all day. November
7th, one killed striking at 11 pm.; gloomy. [Received in
flesh. ] ;

Arklow South Inght-ship—April 6th, one on ship: 10th, one
“Chitchat” on ship; Stonechats same day.

Howth Baily.—April 10th, one killed striking; misty; one
or two occasionally seen through the summer. October 7th,
one. “During snow and frosty weather, about half a dozen
might be seen on the banks at the station.”

Maidens South—April 6th, one: 7th, one all day. September
2nd, two all day: 10th and 16th, one do.

Kiilybegs—March 26th, one at 11 a.m. (first observed this
year). April 5th, two: 7th, one killed striking at 3 a.m.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 19th, one all day: 22nd, one going
N.E. May 3rd and 6th, one all day: 10th, several do. August
16th, one about rock and one at lantern: 27th, and September
6th and 12th, two or three about rock: 13th and 20th, two
noted.

Slyne Head, S—March 19th, six all day; wind light N.E.;
arrwed to build, same date as 90: 26th, large number on
island; strong gale W.

Skelligs—March 16th, one on rock; gale N.E.

218 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
_

WHINCHAT (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 19th, three at 10 am.; wind light
N.W.

WHEATEAR (Saaicola wananthe, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 28th, one about station. April 9th, one:
23rd, two.

Hook Tower.—September 12th, Wheatears all day.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 17th, one “ Whitetail” found
killed; fresh breeze E., clear. [Leg and wing of Wheatear
received. |

Tuskar.—April 1st, great number of Wheatears, Thrushes,
Redwings, Starling, Blackbirds, and Ring-Ouzels; Wheatears
most numerous; strong breeze S., showery. “We had a
tremendous rush of all the above-mentioned species from the
Ist to the 9th. After over twenty years’ service at lighthouses
round the Irish coast, I never saw so many birds collected
together; they resembled a swarm of bees more ‘than anything
else, they were in such numbers. We could not open the
balcony door, as they could not be kept from getting into the
lantern. A great number were killed, but as the lighthouse is
on the N.W. side of the rock, and the wind S.E., they nearly all
fell into the sea when killed. I caught several of the species
I have identified, but let them off again. At daylight they all
flew away N.W.—Joun Hamitton.” [Leg and wing of Wheat-
ear, etc., received. |

Lucifer Shoals Lnight-ship—April 5th, one “small bird”
killed striking at 2 a.M.; wind moderate N.W. [Skin of Wheat-
ear received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—t{[April 2nd, Leg and wing of
Wheatear received, killed striking]: 6th, three at 9 P.M. about
liight—[Leg and wing received]: 10th, flock at 1 am. about
light; gloomy; three killed—[Legs and wings of two received].
September 18th, three at 8 p.m. about light; one killed—{ Leg
and wing received]. October 3rd, one found dead. [Leg and
wing received. |

Arklow South Light-ship—April 7th, “two small birds killed
on deck ”—[Legs and wings of two Wheatears received]: [10th,

eS ee ee rE eee

1891] IRISH COAST 219

Leg and wing of Wheatear received]: [12th, two received in
flesh]: 13th, several small birds from midnight till 4 A.M.; wind
fresh S.W., rain; two fell on deck and several overboard—
[Legs and wings of two Wheatears received]: 21st, one about
ship: 23rd and 24th, one.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 11th, a large number of
various kinds of birds about light; one small bird killed strik-
ing; several fell overboard—[Golden-crested Wren and Wheat-
ear received in flesh]: 19th, one white-tail small bird caught
on deck at 1.30 p.m.; died; wind light S.E., haze: 20th and
22nd, one small Wheatear about ship: 27th, one white-tail
about ship between 4 A.M. and 8 A.M.; went N.W.

Howth Baily—April 5th, one (first this year); one or two
afterwards, but they do not remain here during summer: [10th,
Leg and wing received; killed striking].

South Rock Light-ship—April 5th, several Starlings and
Wheatears about light at 2 am.; two killed striking; fresh
breeze S.E. [Four killed striking received in flesh. |

Innishtrahull—March 21st, one (first arrival). April 6th

and 7th, two at 1 a.m. striking lantern glass; gale S.E. Sep-

tember 3rd, four on island.
Rathlin O Birne.—March 11th, numbers; wind strong S.
[Unusually early if correct—R. M. B.] They breed here.
Blackrock, Mayo.—April 26th, one. May 10th, several.
Tearaght—March 8th, one at 3.45 P.mM.; wind light N.E.
April 3rd, one at 2 am. at lantern. November 4th, one
killed.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—May 6th, several small birds
about light from 10 p.m. to midnight; one killed. [Leg and
wing of Sedge Warbler received. ]

Rockabill—September 14th, one found dead. [Received in
flesh. |

Maidens South.—[May 6th, Sedge Warbler received in
flesh; killed striking: 8th, one received in flesh; killed
striking. |

Tearaght.—May 9th, one “Reed Warbler” at 4 P.M.; wind
light N.E.: 26th, one “Reed Warbler” all day.

220 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
>

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Tuskar—{May 21st, Whitethroat received in flesh; killed
striking with twelve others. ]

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—May 5th, one “Sedge Warbler”
killed striking at 10 pm. [Leg and wing of Whitethroat
received]: 9th, “one small bird dead on deck” at 9 A.M.; clear.
[Leg and wing of Whitethroat received. |

Howth Baily—May 5th, one found killed on _ balcony.
[ Received in flesh. ]

Maidens South—[May 8th, Whitethroat received in flesh;
killed striking at 1 A.M. on 6th.]

lackrock, Mayo.—May 22nd, one all day.

BiackcaP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—November 7th, one at 10.30 p.m. killed striking ;
wind light $.W., gloomy. [Received in flesh. ]

Tuskar.—November 25th, one: 28th, one on rock at 1 P.M;
wind strong N.E.

fockabull—September 14th, one found dead. [Received in
flesh. ]

WILLow WREN (Phyjlloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 25th, “one Wren of a green
colour on deck.” [? Wood Wren.—R. M. B.]

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 18th, several “Sally-
pickers” round lantern the whole night.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—April 16th, flock of “ Wrens”
at 10 p.m. about light; wind light N.W., clear; four killed
striking—[ Leg and wing of Willow Wren received]: 26th, four
“Wrens” at 11 aM. going N.N.W.; wind light S.; “remained
on board ship for about an hour before leaving for shore.”
May 15th, “one small bird dead on deck” at 9 A.m.; clear.
[Leg and wing of Willow Wren received.]

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 6th, several “Sallypickers”
from 9 P.M, to midnight; fog; one killed, fell overboard.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 30th, one ‘Sallypicker.”

Maidens South—|[May 8th, Willow Wren received in flesh ;
killed striking. ]

;
.

.

1891] IRISH COAST 221

CutrrcHarr (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Tuskar— April 5th, immense rush of birds (see under Wheat-
ear). [Leg and wing of Chiffchaff received; killed striking. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—aApril 10th, flock of unknown
small birds at 10 pM. about light; wind lght 8.W., gloomy;
six killed. [Leg and wing of Chiffchaff received. ]

Howth Baily.—April 11th, one caught on lantern glass at
4 A.M. [Received in flesh. ]

Inmishtrahull—May 6th, one striking at 1 A.M.; wind fresh S.
rain. October 29th, one (see under “ Larks ”).

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Fastnet—September 7th, one at 10 A.M. “ flew in at kitchen
window”; wind fresh E., fog. November 7th, one killed at
9 P.M.; very dark.

Hook Tower.—November 6th, one killed striking—[Received
in flesh]: 7th, four caught at lantern at 8 p.M.; wind light

“S.W., gloomy: 23rd, several small birds round light, supposed

to be Gold-Crests.

Tuskar.—April 10th, two “ Firecrests” all day on rock.

Arkiow North Lnght-ship.—April 11th, one killed striking—
[Received in flesh ]—(see under Wheatear),.

Rockabill.— April 28th, two at 8 A.M. on rock; wind moderate
N.W.; one killed. [Received in flesh. ]

Maidens South—April 11th, two at 10 P.M. at lantern; wind
light S. . .

Innishtrahull_—October 15th, one at 1 a.m. at lantern glass ;
strong breeze 8.W.

fathlin O' Birne—February 15th, one at 2 P.M. going S.E.

Tearaght.— ? [One killed striking; wing received. ]

WREN (Troglodytes parvuius, Koch).

Mine Head.—June 19th, two at 8 A.M.; clear.

Tuskar—April 10th, one, and two “ Firecrests” all day on
rock ; wind light S.E.

Lucifer Shoals Lnght-ship—April 18th, two going N.W.
rested on ship at 4 A.M.; calm, clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—November 2nd, one during day
about ship.

222 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

;
Arklow North Light-ship—April 27th, one about ship.
Howth Baily—April 17th, one Common Wren inside lantern

flying round dioptric apparatus.

Rockabill—October 23rd and 24th, one on rock: 29th, two
all day: 30th, one. November Ist, great rush of birds (see
under Blackbird); three Wrens at lantern: 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th,
12th, and 13th, from one to four all day on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 9th, one at night striking;
wind light S.E., unusual transparency: 10th, Wrens and other
birds striking lantern at night, some disabled; thick haze.
October 2nd, one killed striking at 10 p.M.: 20th and 30th, one
all day. November 19th and 29th, and December 31st, one.

Tory Island.—November 5th, four Common Wrens in field
at 8.30 A.M. (first seen); wind light S., gloomy. December 6th,
one on cliff: 13th, one.

Rathiin O Birne—April, Wrens remain and breed here.
September 28th, one on island.

Slyne Head, S—March 28th, one Common Wren on island; .

strong breeze N. September 23rd, two Common Wrens all
day. October 12th, one all day.
Arran Island, S—November 2nd, one at 9 A.M. chased by
Hawk into lighthouse; wind fresh 8.E., cloudy.
Tearaght——January 1st, one at 2 P.M.; wind light E. [Leg
and wing received]. “Not so many here as in the fall.”
Skelligs—October 21st, one disabled.

col TEs

Maidens South—April 7th, a Tit all day on rock; wind
light N.E.

“ WAGTAILS.”

Mine Head—January 23rd, one “Yellow Wagtail” about
station at4 p.m. May 26th, two Wagtails at 8 a.m.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—March 21st, one Water Wastail
at 9.30 AM. going N.W. September 11th, one at 5.30 a.m. and
one at 6 P.M. about ship. November 7th, Wagtails during day
going N.W.: 16th, two at 11 a.m. going N.W.; wind light N.E.

Maidens South.—September 10th, two on rock. October 3rd,
one at lantern at 4 A.M.: 27th, one at 11 A.M. going S.W.

——-_ ss eee, lr

1891] IRISH COAST 223

Innishtrahull_—May 2nd, three “ Pied Wagtail” at 10.30 a.m.
on island; wind fresh N.W.

Tory Island—November 12th, one Wagtail at 8 A.m.; first
seen.

Rathlin O’ Birne—November 29th, one at noon.

Kiilybegs—February 21st, two, first observed, remain here.
Not always noted, as they frequent the place.

Blackrock, Mayo.— August 27th, three “ Grey Wagtails,” one
male, two female, at 9 A.M. going N.E.; wind light 8.W.

Slyne Head, S—July 12th, two Wagtails at 8 a.m. Sep-
tember 7th, two at 7 aM. November 17th, two all day.
December 4th, two.

Arran Island, S—October 22nd, two at 10 A.M. on wall.
Seldom seen.

Skelligs—April 22nd, one male “ Yellow Wagtail” at 3 P.M.
on rock; wind fresh E.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 6th, one killed striking. [Leg and wing
received. |

Hook Tower—[Leg and wing of Meadow Pipit received
January 22nd. ]

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 18th, one Lark found on deck.
[Leg and wing of Meadow Pipit received. ]

Arkiow South Lrght-ship—March 16th, one going N.W.:
18th, several going N.W. July 13th, one at 11 p.m. about
lantern.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 27th, one caught on
upper deck—[Leg and wing received]. April 27th, one about
ship; went N.W. May 3rd, one at 5 am.; flew N.W. October
20th, one at 2 p.m. about ship; fell overboard.

Howth Baily.—November 19th, Titlarks are the only resident
land birds here; I find them much the same all the year round.

Copeland (Mew) Island—April 27th, several breeding on the
island. May 18th, nests found.

Maidens South.—September 10th, one on rock. October 7th,
two going §.W.: 15th and 17th, one: 22nd, two going W.: 27th
and 29th, one or two on rock. November 4th and 5th, one:
30th, one or two noted.

224 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Inmshtrahull—January 5th, one found ; killed striking.
August 15th, one killed.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 24th, some on island during season.

Kullybegs.—March 28th, some; are natives of the place (see
under Cormorant).

Blackrock, Mayo.—March and April, always here. June,
Titlarks breeding about rock. September 27th, one all day.
October, here always.

Arran Island, N.—March, “during this month Titlarks are
common here.”

Tearaght—* January, not so many Pipits (Titlarks) and
Wrens here as there were in the fall.” October 26th, fifty on
island; gale 8.E. November 4th, a hundred all day; one
killed; wind light E.: 21st to 27th, several noted.

Rock-Prerr (Anthus obscwrus, Lath.).

Hook Tower.—([Leg and wing of Rock-Pipit received
January 22nd. |
Tuskar.—Apvril 17th, two all day.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 26th, one killed striking; strong
breeze N.E. [Leg and wing received]: 27th, great rush of Larks
and other birds round lantern all night, going S.E. to N.E.;
strong breeze N.E., overcast—[Legs and wings of four received].
November 6th, one at 8 pm., killed striking: 16th, “Sand
Larks” all day; wind light N.E. [Leg and wing of Skylark
received. |

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 10th, three Larks resting on
ship ; hazy. November 16th, some at 2 A.M. going N.E.

Barrels Rock Lnght-ship—February 15th, one going S.W.
May 4th, three going N. October 23rd, “some Larks, apparently
Skylarks,” flying past at 8 A.M. going N.W.

Tuskar.—[April 5th (2), Leg and wing of Skylark received,
killed striking; immense rush of birds at this time, but Larks
not mentioned (see under Wheatear)]: 10th, two at 11 Pm.
round light. November 16th, Larks and other birds all night
round light; wind fresh S.; numbers killed. December 4th to
20th, great numbers, with other birds, all night round light;
many killed.

1891] IRISH COAST 225

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship— April 18th, one. October 14th,
Lark caught by Hawk (see under Hawk).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—dJanuary 3rd, flock going N.:
12th, two on ship. April 14th, some at 10 P.M. about light.
November 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th, some about light.
December 25th, some about light from midnight to 7 A.m.;
wind light 8.

Arklow South Lrght-ship.— January 2nd, seven disabled
striking (see full note under Blackbird). February 4th, rush
of birds at light (see full note under Thrush)—{Leg and wing
of Lark received]: 5th, several at 11.10 a.m.: 10th, lots of small
birds about light from 1 A.M. to 6 A.M.; wind light W., overcast ;
three killed striking fell on deck, several fell overboard; one
Lark killed —[Leg and wing received]: 19th, several small _
birds about light at 5 a.m.; haze; two Larks in ship at 11 .m.;
one killed—[Leg and wing received]. April 6th, one in ship:
10th, some about light—[Leg and wing of Skylark received].
October 15th, one about ship: 22nd, several: 25th, several
about light. November 7th, several Blackbirds and Larks
about light; wind light 8.W., clear; Blackbird, Lark, and Field-
fare killed striking: 16th, several about lantern; rain.

Arklow North Lnght-ship—January 2nd, one about ship;
large numbers about light at 7 p.M.; wind light W., foggy;
some killed striking, some caught alive: 6th, one dead on deck.
February 5th and 7th, a few about lantern: 21st, several about
light; wind light S.: 23rd, one on deck, caught: 26th, one on
deck. October 27th, one rested on ship; gloomy; some, with
Thrushes, about light, many killed: 28th, several: 29th and
31st, one on deck. November Ist, two do.: 2nd, large number,
with other birds, about light from 4 A.M. to 7 A.M.; went N.W.;
wind light N.E., light haze; none killed: 29th, one going N.W.

Howth Baily. April 18th, one found on roof of dwelling,
“probably killed previous winter”; wing received.] November
25th, one caught at lantern.

Rockabill.—April 29th, three all day; five at 10 A.M. going
N.W. May 3rd, three on rock. June Ist, six going W.
October 15th, 16th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, and 30th, three to four
noted. November Ist, one at lantern (see under Blackbird):
9th, one on rock: 10th and 12th, three to five all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 12th, some found dead in

226 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

dome of lantern (see under Woodcock). November 6th, a few
striking; sleet. [December 21st, Skylark found dead; leg and
wing received. |

Maidens South—January 2nd, seven at lantern at 2 AM;
misty; flew W. to land at daylight. February 9th, three at lantern
at 1 a.M.; two killed striking: 15th, two at lantern at 2 a.M.;
one killed striking: 20th, five at lantern at 5 a.M.; foggy: 24th,
two on rock. April 8th, three at lantern: 9th, about twenty Larks
and Thrushes all night round lantern; wind moderate §.E.:
10th, three at lantern; one killed: 11th, three do.; two killed.
October Ist, 3rd, 8th, 22nd, 27th, 29th, and 30th, two to four
noted, chiefly at lantern. November Ist, one killed striking:
2nd, four round lantern, one killed: 5th, three going S.W.:
6th, a number round lantern; left at daybreak: 7th, four and
one Starling at lantern; one killed, caught three. December
22nd, two at lantern: 23rd, two at 2 a.m. killed. -

Innishtrahull—February 5th, two struck lantern at 4 A.M.
April 7th, one striking lantern at 1 A.M.; wind moderate E.
May ‘7th, one Skylark striking lantern at 1 AM. August 24th,
two “hatching on island.” October 29th, two “ Larks” and a
Chiffchaff caught on lantern glass at 9 P.M.; wind light E.

Tory Island.—November 4th, Larks, Thrushes, Green Plover,
Redwing, and Fieldfare from 12.10 aM. to daylight round
lantern ; wind light S.E., gloomy ; ten killed; no Plover struck;
again from sunset to midnight; twenty Thrushes and Fieldfare
disabled: 12th, flock going S.: 13th, great rush of birds (see
under Starling). December 7th, Larks and Thrushes from
4 aM. to 7.30 A.M. at lantern; wind moderate N.E.; two Larks
disabled; very dark morning; birds very numerous: 12th
several round light.

Rathlin O Birne.-—March 11th, numbers; they breed here.
October 25th, some on island at noon.

Killybegs.—February 5th, two at 10 pM. March 7th to 13th,
very plentiful (see under Cormorant). April 1st, one at 1 aM.
killed striking. Not always noted, as they frequent the place.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 6th, one all day on rock. October
16th, two about rock; gale N.

Tearaght—Numbers during winter of 1890-91 (see under
Fieldfare). November 7th, one killed striking. [Leg and wing
received. |

?

1891] IRISH COAST 227

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 6th, one killed striking. [Received in
flesh. ]

Hook Tower.—October 6th, one shot—[Received in flesh]:
22nd, three all day: 23rd, one. November 26th, flock of
twenty. “Large flocks of Snow Buntings seen for the next
week; again on December 2nd, and several other days. The
people say they did not see such a lot of these birds for several
years; it must be owing to such severe weather.” December
15th, five shot. [Four received in flesh. ]

Howth Baily—November 23rd, several flying W.

Innishtrahull—December 4th, eight on island, just arrived ;
wind light N.E., gloomy: 6th, a large flock.

Tory Island.—November 6th, one; first seen: 7th, one: 14th
and 15th, flocks of from forty to seventy going 8.E.; one flock
noted each day; calm: 15th, seven going S.H.: 21st, twenty to
thirty at 1 p.M.;. came from N., and lighted at station; wind
moderate N. (these were nearly white in plumage): 22nd, two:
23rd, large flock going S.E.; wind light W.: 26th and 28th,
some at station. December Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 7th, a few
noted: 10th, 13th (flocks), 17th (flocks), nearly white in
plumage: 19th, 22nd, (flocks) at station, “as usual.”

Rathlin O Birne.—-March 3rd, six at noon; remained.
September 9th, twelve. October 7th, one. December 27th,
one.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 19th, “about fifty remained here
all winter”: 22nd, two: 30th and 31st, and April Ist,
four all day: 5th, two. September 20th, one all day: 27th,
and October 1st to 16th, a number; wind fresh and gales,
hail showers.

Slyne Head, S—February 3rd, one on island. March 5th,
five all day; gale W.: 26th, five came from W.; gale W.,
snow. April 1st, four. October 8th, one; gale S.E.; first seen.
November 28th, five.

Arran Island, S—November 3rd, three on island ; wind fresh ;
first seen this year.

Tearaght.—October 26th, some noted.

Skelligs—September 12th, three on rock at 11 A.M.; wind
light, fog: 23rd, seven; wind strong S.E.,, fog. .

228 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
~

YELLow Buntine (Emberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 10th, three resting on ship ;
went away for land: 19th, two do.: 20th, three do.

Killybegs.—April 2nd, one at 10 A.M. resting.

Tearaght.—June 18th, one for several days; “ arare visitant.”

Common Buntine (Emberiza miliaria, Linn.).

TInnishtrahull.—January 17th, two Common Buntings in
lighthouse garden at 10 a.M., one shot; wind light 8.E., clear.
“The first Bunting I have seen here during the winter months
except the Snow Bunting.”

CHAFFINCH (Fringiila celebs, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 27th, two round lantern; wind strong
N.E. November 7th, one killed striking; wind light S.W.,
gloomy.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 21st, three at noon. October
26th, one rested on ship, left for land; wind strong N.E.: 30th,
two do.; wind fresh 8.E. November 13th and 14th, some all
night (see under Linnet).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— October 27th, several birds of
various kinds about ship during this and following night; some
killed; several fell overboard—[Leg and wing of Chaffinch
received |—(see also under Blackbird and Starling). November
2nd, odd Chaffinches during day going N.E.

Tuskar.—April 19th, two on rock. November 25th, great
number, with other birds, going W. during day.

LIucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 20th, one going N.W.
rested, and left next morning going W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 17th, one died on
deck ; wind moderate W. [Leg and wing received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—March 20th, one going N.W.;
wind fresh N.: 28th, one on ship. April 6th and 10th, one do.
August 27th, two at 5 Am. October 13th, one on ship.
November 2nd, two during day. December 20th, one on ship.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 18th, one on deck: 30th,
two. ;

Howth Baily—November 21st, one at station.

eS a

1891] IRISH COAST 229

Rockabill—October 10th, three on rock: 11th, two going
N.W.: 13th, three on rock; strong gale: 16th, two going W.;
gale S.W.: 17th, one on rock: 20th, two do.; gale S.W.: 22nd,
23rd, and 24th, two to four on rock: 25th, “one Hawk and one
Chaffinch” at 1 p.m. going N.: 26th and 27th, eight to nine on
rock, and one at lantern at night: 29th and 30th, several on
rock. November 3rd to 12th, several all day on rock; wind
variable: 13th, four; went W.

Maidens South.—April 2nd, one on rock; gale S.E. October
18th, three alighted at 9 am. December 20th and 23rd, two
on rock.

Tory Island.—October 31st, one all day. November 5dth,
one (male), probably the same as on 31st; they are plentiful on
island, but no others at station: 8th, eight on corn-stacks on
island: 16th, one struck during night: 26th, one all day.
December 14th, one.

Slyne Head, S—dJuly 28th, five going N.W.; wind light N.

Tearaght.—[ October 28th, legs and wings of two Chaffinches
received, killed striking]: 29th, ten noted. [November 7th,
wing of Chaffinch received, killed striking]: 21st, fifty at noon ;
wind variable: 23rd, some all day on island.

Skelligs—October 30th, sixty going E.; wind fresh 8.E.

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Fastnet.— November 6th, one “ Snow Bunting” killed striking;
wind light E., very dark. [Leg and wing of Brambling received. |

Tuskar.— April 5th, immense rush of birds (see under
Wheatear). [Leg and wing of Brambling received, killed
striking. |

GREENFINCH (Coccothraustes chloris, Linn.).

Tuskar—November 25th, a great number, with other birds,
going W. during day; gale N.E., clear; two Greenfinches killed.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—December 21st, one at 11 A.M.
resting on ship.

Arklow North Light-ship— April 26th, one about ship.

Howth Baily—December 25th, one Greenfinch.

Rockabill— November 5th, one on rock all day.

Tearaght.—April 23rd, one at 10.30 A.M.; wind fresh E.

230 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

:
GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Mine Head.—April 29th, two at 1 P.M. going E.
Tearaght—November 21st, one at noon; wind variable;
“could not get it.”

Siskin (Carduelis spinus, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship.—Apvril 10th, Siskins and other birds
about light; wind light S.E.

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).
Killybegs—March 28th, native of the place.

“ LINNETS.”

Ballycotton.—March 20th, Linnets always here.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 10th, several flocks of Linnets,
Thrushes, and Starlings going N.W. at 11 4.M.; strong gale N.E.:
21st, small flock of Linnets going N.W.; wind moderate N.
November 13th, Linnets, Chaffinches, and Starlings all night
round lantern and on board ship; some killed striking; strong
breeze S.W.; a number remained on board and died: 14th, do.;
numbers killed, others went towards Irish land: 16th, some at
2 aM. going N.H.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 25th, one Grey Linnet
going N.: 28th, one do. about ship all day. March 2nd, two
Linnets going N. April 14th, one Grey Linnet: 23rd, two do.
going N. October 8th, twenty-five passed going S.E.

Incifer Shoals Light-ship—February 8th, one Linnet going
N.W., flying for land. March 8th, four going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—=January 17th, one Linnet about
ship. March 23rd, Linnet chased by Hawk (see under Hawk).

Arklow North Light-ship.— April 18th, one red-breasted
Linnet about ship, went N.W. October 29th, one cock Grey
Linnet caught on upper deck. November 23rd, one do. going
N.W. |

South Rock Light-ship—November 23rd, one Linnet around
ship.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 24th, flock of twenty
“Grey Linnets” remaining: 28th, flocks remaining all day.
October 24th, several all day.

1891] IRISH COAST 231

Maidens South.—April 17th, two Grey Linnets going W.:
19th, one on rock. September 16th, three Linnets going W.
October Ist, 2nd, 7th, and 17th, a few going W. and 8.W.

Tory Island.—November 5th, flock of Grey Linnets flying N.:
15th, flock of Linnets, with Redbreasts, at 7.50 A.M. going 8.E. :
23rd, flock of Grey Linnets at station: 26th, flock of Linnets at
noon going S.E. December 10th, two large flocks Grey Linnets
at 10 A.M. going S.E.; gale N.W.: 13th, 17th, and 22nd, flocks
of do.

Rathlin O Birne—April 7th, flocks going 8S at 11 am.
August 16th, flocks going E. October 17th, flocks hovering at
noon.

Slyne Head, S—March 22nd, large flock at 8 A.M. going N.W.:
28th, five going E.: 30th, scores of Linnets at 8 A.M. on island ;
wind light N.E. April 20th, ten. June 22nd, large flock all
day. July 2nd and 28th, some all day. September 7th and
23rd, large lock; wind light S.E. November 7th, flock all day.

Arran Island, Si—September 8th, thirty-six at 7 A.M.; first
seen this year: 22nd, forty on wall; wind light N.E.

Tearaght—October 26th, twenty on island; wind moderate
S.E. November 21st, ten at noon: 23rd, some all day: 27th,
fifty.

“ TWITE.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 26th, two Twites at 2 PM:
27th, one.

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Fastnet.—November 6th, some round light; very dark.

Ballycotton—March 20th, Starlings always here.

Hook Tower.—October 22nd, immense flock : 27th, great rush,
with other birds, round lantern all night, going 8.E. to N.E.;
wind strong N.E., overcast—[ Leg and wing received]. November
6th, four at 8 p.M.: 7th, nineteen killed striking; wind light
S.W., gloomy: 16th, large flocks for several days: 23rd, one at
lantern.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 10th, flocks going N.W. at
11 am.: 11th, flock going N.W.; wind light N., snow showers ;
two rested on ship: 26th, four or five round light; went away
before daylight. April 6th, very large numbers of Starlings,
Blackbirds, and small birds at 10.30 p.m. flying round lantern ;

232 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

went away about 4 A.M.; wind fresh NE; numbers killed:
16th, six at 11 p.m. round lantern. October 27th and 28th,
great numbers all night round lantern; left at 4.30 a.m. for
land; wind fresh E., overcast: 30th, six rested on ship.
November Ist, two remained on board: 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th,
8th, and 9th, Starlings, Blackbirds, and Thrushes all night flying
round; numbers struck and fell overboard: 13th, Starlings,
Chaffinches, and Linnets all night flying round and on board
ship ; several killed striking; numbers remained on board and
died; strong breeze S.W., showety: 14th, do. all night; went
for the Irish land; wind moderate S., rain: 19th, flocks of
Starlings at 2 P.M. going for the land.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—February 27th, five at 5 P.M. going E.
April 9th, three at 5 pM. going N. October 26th, about twenty
at 7 A.M.: 27th, several birds of various kinds about ship during
this and following night; some killed; several fell overboard—
[Leg and wing of Starling received |—(see also under Chaffinch
and Blackbird). November Ist, small flock at 9 aM. going
N.E.: 16th, large flock at 8 Am. December 30th, one going
S.W.

Tuskar.—April 1st to 9th, great rush, with other birds, round
light all night, going N.W. at daylight; great number killed
striking (see under Wheatear): 13th, four round light at 4 a.m.
November 18th to 25th, some going W.; a few killed.
December 4th to 20th, great numbers of Starlings and other
birds all night round light; many killed: 21st to 30th, some,
with other birds, in flocks passing W. all day: 31st, some round
light all night.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship— April 3rd, several at 1 A.M.; ten
killed: 10th, two rested: 18th, two.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— January 5th, flocks going
N.W.: 10th, three going N.: 22nd, six about light. March 14th,
six from 2 to 4 A.M. about light: 31st, three about light; clear;
one killed. April 1st, flock from 11 p.m. to 12 P.M. about light—
[Leg and wing received]: 7th, flock at 3Pp.M.: 10th and 14th,
some at 10 p.M. about light. September 13th, flocks at 1 p.m.
going N.W. October 27th, flocks all night; some killed: 29th,
flocks at 4 p.m. November 2nd and 3rd, flocks about light—
[Leg and wing received]: 5th, 6th, and 7th, some about light:
15th, two resting on ship: 16th, flock going N.W. December

.
|
q
|

—

1891] IRISH COAST 233

22nd, 24th, and 25th, some about light; some killed. [Leg and
wing received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—January 1st, some, with Thrushes,
about lantern: 2nd, some, with Blackbirds and Larks: 15th,
flock going E.: 19th, two. February 4th, some at light—
[Leg and wing received]: 5th, one in ship: 26th, flock at
11 p.m. about lantern; haze. March 13th, one killed striking
at 11 pM. clear: 23rd, two about ship. April 3rd, two about
light: 4th, four do.: 6th, one going N.W.: [7th, Leg and wing
received]: 10th, some about light—[Leg and wing received].
October 13th, flock at 9 A.M. going N.W.: 18th, five going N.W.:
20th, flock going N.W.: 26th, two about deck at 9 a.M.: 27th,
several about light; fresh breeze E,, overcast; seven killed—
[Leg and wing received]: 28th and 30th, some going N.W.
November 2nd, one killed: 3rd, 4th, and 7th, one do.: 20th,
flock going N.W.: 23rd, do. December 17th, do.: 22nd, two
at night about light: 24th, sixteen going W. at 11 a.M.; several
at night about light; many killed—[Leg and wing received]:
25th, flock at 9 A.M. going N.W. [Leg and wing received.]

Arklow North Light-ship—January 1st, one going N.W. at
10 aM. March 4th and 5th, a few about light. April 11th,
birds about light (see Wheatear) ; one Starling killed striking—
[Received in flesh]. October 25th and 26th, a few about light:
29th, one rested on mast; went N.W. November 2nd, some,
with Larks and other birds, about light: 24th, two: 28th, six
about light.

Howth Baily.—April 10th, some striking glass from 8 P.M.
to 4 a.M.; several killed; misty, strong breeze S.E. May
2nd, a few building in ventilator holes under balcony ; always
here.

Rockabill—October 27th, five at 11 p.m. at lantern; gale E.;
three killed—[Leg and wing received]: 28th, flock at 4 P.M.
going W.: 29th, flock going W.; five all day on rock: 30th and
31st, a few went W. November Ist, countless numbers of
Starlings and other birds from 9 P.M. to 4 AM. at lantern;
twenty-one Starlings killed (see under Blackbird): 4th, eleven
going W.; one killed striking: 6th, several at lantern: 7th,
nine going W.; one killed: 10th, eight all day on rock; one
killed.

Drogheda.—November 1st, a large flock going W.: 10th,

Q

234 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

large flocks about fields: 25th, numbers going S.W. December
11th and 24th, several do.

South Rock Light-ship—April 5th, several, with Wheatears.
November 22nd, one about lantern; clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island. — March 5th, flocks apparently
remaining on the island to breed. April 5th and 6th, some,
with Blackbirds, at night; some disabled; gale S.E., misty: 10th,
several striking at nicht; thick haze: 27th, many breeding on
island. May 12th, some found dead on dome of lantern (see under
Woodcock). September 6th, large flocks all day, remaining :
24th, flocks remaining. November 11th, several flocks: 13th,
large flocks. December 5th and 8th, a flock noted: 13th, flock
going W.: 16th, 21st, 22nd, and 24th, some seen on island.

Maidens South—January 2nd, four at lantern-sash: 3rd,
three; misty. October 8th, 15th, 20th, 22nd, 27th, 28th, 30th,
and November 4th, 5th, and 7th, a few noted, from one to
twenty, generally going W. or S.W.

Lnnshtrahull.—January 9th, seven on island, with Fieldfares
and Thrushes. May 24th, two. October 27th, some striking
(see under Redwing).

Tory Island.—October 28th, twenty to thirty. N out ord,
one caught at lantern at 9 p.M.: 6th, several flocks going S.W.,
twenty to a hundred in each: 8th, flocks on island: 10th, flock
(two hundred) going S.E. at 9 a.m., flying high: 12th, some on
island “as usual”: 13th, “a great many birds round lantern
from 4 A.M. to daylight; many struck, but only two killed
(Redwings); the birds were Starling, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and
Larks; wind S.E.; flocks of Starlings going N. by day: 21st,
very large flocks all day going to mainland: 29th, one at station.
December 12th, one disabled striking at night: 19th, flock going
S.E., flying high.

fathlin OBirne.—January 14th, flocks during season on
island. October 23rd, eight.

Killybegs—March 7th to 13th, very plentiful: 28th, natives
of the place (see under Cormorant).

Biackrock, Mayo.—October 16th, two all day about rock.

Slyne Head, S—January 3rd, twenty-five on island: 7th, and
February 3rd, flock all day: 12th, five. October 15th and
November 7th, flocks all day on island; ten killed on 7th.
December, some on island every day.

:

a

1891] IRISH COAST 235

Arran Island, N—“ No birds except Starlings seen here from
January 4th to February 21st.”

Arran Island, S—October 5th, eighteen at 2 P.M. going N.W.;
gale S.W.; first seen this year: 31st, twenty-four all night on
island; ten killed striking; wind strong 8.E. November 23rd,
two at 9 AM.; wind light S.; not seen since October 31st.

Tearaght.—Numbers during winter 1890-91 (see under Field-
fare). October 30th, a flock.

Skelligs—January 1st and 2nd, Starlings and Blackbirds still
on rock; left on 3rd; last seen at 3 p.M.; wind light. March
17th, twenty on rock. September 29th, fifty at 3 P.M. going E.:
wind strong S.W.

CnoucH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—During April, May, and June, three to five

noted at intervals.

Innishtrahull_—November 6th, two on island; wind fresh
S.W.

fathlin O Birne.—April, two. They remain and breed here.
August 26th, two.

Arran Island, S—August 17th, “five Jackdaw (Choughs) ”
at 10 AM. on crag. (Build on island.)

Tearaght—February 3rd, four; strong breeze S.E, April
6th, three.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

Dunree Head—March 15th, two going S.W. April 16th,
two going S.W. May 16th, two going N.E.; gale N.W. June
10th, three going S.W.

Tory Island. —November 5th, two on the cliffs.

Rathlin O Birne—December 17th, two all day on island.

Tearaght.—¥ebruary 1st, ten at 11.30 A.M.; strong breeze
S.W. December 18th, four all day on island; wind light S.E.,
fog.

HoovepD Crow (Corvus cornia, Linn.).

Fastnet.—May 17th, Crows (Greybacks) on rock.

Mine Head—April 5th, two Grey Crows noted: 18th, four:
29th, three.

Tory Island.—November 27th, one Hooded Crow at 11 A.M. ;

236 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

first seen; three later on going to mainland ; strong breeze S.W.
December 9th, one Grey Crow going 8.E.: 14th, two going 8.:
19th, two remain on island.

Slyne Head, S.—February 3rd, five Grey Crows going W.;
strong breeze S.W. March 28th, two do. at 10 AM. going
E.: 31st, five going E. April 12th to 20th, three to four on
island.

Arran Island, S.— August 12th, four “Grey Crows” on
island ; gale.

Tearaght—April 6th, three Hooded Crows.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—February 21st, large numbers going
N.E. March 21st, several do. April 6th, one. “This bird
made a peculiar noise similar to the cry of a goose.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 25th, three Crows at 4.30 P.M.
going N.; “went for the land at 6 p.M.”; fresh breeze N.W.,
clear.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 10th, one “Crow” going N. ;
wind light S.E.: 14th, one “Crow” rested on ship at 9 A.M.
going N.; wind light N.

Tuskar.—April 15th, large flock of “Crows” at 5 A.M. going
N.W.; wind light N.W.; “seemed very tired”: 16th, ten do.
at noon going E.; wind light N.W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 29th, two “ Black Crows”
at 11.20 a.m.; seemed tired.

Arklow South Light-ship.— March 21st, one “Crow” at
11 am. going N.W.: 24th, one going N.W. April 6th, two
“Crows” going N.W.; calm.

Arkiow North Light-ship—April 19th, one “Crow” at 6 P.M.
going S.E.; wind light S.E. December 2nd, one at 10 A.M.
going N.W.; wind light W.

Maidens South—F¥ebruary 21st, one Crow going 8. at noon;
misty. December 23rd, one at 3 P.M.

Tory Island.— February 25th, two Rooks during day.
December 19th, two “Common Crows” at 11.15 A.M; strong
breeze S.W.; seldom seen.

Rathlin O' Birne—August 7th, twelve Rooks at 8 A.M. going
W.

Aas Bat taal

1891] IRISH COAST 237

Kiullybegs—April 21st, four “Crows” going 8. May 10th,
one going E.

Slyne Head, S—January 3rd, five “Crows.” April 4th, two
“Common Crows” going N.W. September 7th, seven on
island. November 16th, twelve Crows at 2 P.M. going N.

Arran Island, N.—“< Common Crow” seen here from February
21st to March 1st.

Tearaght. —January 29th, flocks of Rooks, more or less,
several times since November 5th (see full note, November
5th, 1890); six or eight still remain: 27th, seven on island
all day.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

every year, are more plentiful in March, and remain till after
the breeding season. They breed in the cliffs N.E. of the
station. There are often thirty or thirty-five at the feeding-
place of the poultry belonging to the station.

2 Howth Baily—March 23rd, Daws come here in February

Macrig (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Mine Head. — March 18th to June 25th, one or two at
intervals.

Arran Island, S.—August 30th, two Magpies at 7 A.M.
perched on wall; gale S.W.; seldom seen here.

FAN

Arklow North Light-ship—April 24th, one “Jay” at 7 A.M.
about ship; wind light N.E., clear; went N.E.

SwaLLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Fastnet—April 22nd, seen while on shore. May 24th, one
all day. November 6th, one disabled striking at night; wind
light E.

Mine Head.—April 14th, one going E., and two to eight at
intervals to June 23rd.

Coningbeg Light-ship—aApril 26th, two at 2 P.M.: 27th, one
or two.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 19th, nine going N.; wind
light S.E.: 21st, odd Swallows during day going N.: 23rd, one

238 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

about ship: 24th, seven going N.: 26th, a few during day going
N.; wind light 8.E.: 27th, Swallows in twos and threes all day
going N.; wind light S.E. (on 26th and 27th they were “of a
small species, some flying about ship at dusk”): 28th, small
flocks during day going N.; wind light N.W.: 29th and 30th,
odd ones all day going N.; wind S.W. July Ist, one going S::
13th, four “dark” ones at noon going 8.: 15th, two going N.E.

Tuskar—April 12th, two at noon going N.W.; wind light
S.E. (the first seen this year): 14th, one at 5 am. killed
striking; wind light N., showery: 20th, four going N.W.
June 12th, “Swallows passing west every day; they very
often rest with us for a few hours, then resume their
journey.”

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 18th, one. September 23rd,
one. October 16th, two about ship: 19th, one going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—April 18th, two going N.E.:
19th, six going N.; wind light E.: 25th, three going N.E.:
26th, two going N.E. May 2nd, three going N.W.: 6th, flocks
at 10.30 P.M. going N.W.; wind light 8.W., gloomy; two killed
striking. September 10th, flocks at 10 a.m. going S.W. October
10th, flock going 8.; wind fresh 8. W:

Arklow South ign Di —April 6th, one in ship: 14th ind
15th, one: 18th, three: 21st, two at 7 P.M. roosting in engine-
house; hazy: 22nd, two going N.W.: 26th, two going N.W.
May 3rd, two going N.W.: 12th, two going N.W.: 13th, one
going N.E.: 27th, great numbers from 8 A.M. to 1 P.M.: 28th,
several from 8.15 A.M. to 4 P.M.: 29th, numbers from 9 A.M. to
3 PM.: 3l1st,two. June 4th, 8th, 10th, 12th, and 25th, one or
two noted. July 12th, one going S.E.: 16th, one going S.E.
August 25rd, one going 8.: 24th, several going N.W.; wind
light 8.W.: 30th, one going W. September 26th, 27th, and
29th, one to five noted. October 11th, two going S.W.; strong
breeze S., rain: 31st, two about ship.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 18th, several: 21st, several,
flying low: 25th, one: 27th, one.

Howth Baily—April 25th, some observed. September 8th,
“some still here.”

Rockabill—sSeptember 20th, eight going E.: 25th, thirty going
E.; wind light S.E.: 29th, seven going E. October Ist, three
on rock,

a Pet eT ee oe ee eT a

—

1891] IRISH COAST 239

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 18th, Swallow’s nest found.

Maidens South—May 4th, one going W. June 15th, two
going 8. September Ist, two flying round rock; gale W.: 3rd,
seven at noon going §.; wind fresh S.E.: 6th, one going S.

Innishtrahull—April 26th, one on island; wind light S.,
clear; “a very early visitor.” June 18th, two about island.

Dunree Head.—May 18th, two going E.; first arrival: 29th,
eight going N. Swallows left latter end of September.

Killybegs—April 25th, “ saw first Swallow.”

Slyne Head, S—May 28th, two on island. June 5th and 7th,
a few noted.

Tearaght—April 20th, one; wind fresh S.E. [June 2nd,

Leg and wing of Swallow received, picked up.] July 12th, two
| all day: 14th, one. November 4th, one.
; Skelligs— April 23rd, thirty Swallows and three Martins at
6 P.M. on rock; strong breeze E.; seemed very exhausted; shot
one of each description. [Legs and wings of Swallow and
House-Martin received. ]

Hovuse-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Howth Baily. April 25th, Martins observed; they breed
every year on the cliffs under lighthouse, east side. August
20th, “still here.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 6th, one “ House-Martin Swallow
about rock”: 10th, two do. all day about rock: 22nd, one do.
all day. June 9th, one do. August 17th, one do. about rock.
[Possibly a pair bred on rock this year.—R. M. B.]

Skelligs—April 23rd, thirty Swallows and three Martins on
rock at 6 P.M.; seemed very exhausted ; shot one of each species ;
strong breeze E., cloudy, gloomy, passing showers. [Legs and
wings of Swallow and House-Martin received. ]

SanD-MartIn (Cotile riparia, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 18th, two Martins rested on
ship: 20th, four Martins do.: 25th, three Martins or Swallows
lighted on ship; left for land. May 22nd, one Martin.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 6th, flocks of “ Swallows”
at 10.30 p.m. going N.W.; wind light 8.W., gloomy ; two killed.
[Leg and wing of Sand-Martin received. | ;

=

240 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ‘ [1891

Arklow North Light-ship—April 18th, One Martin caught :
26th, one Martin caught on deck at 10.15 am. [Received in
flesh]: 27th, one.

Maidens South—June 21st, “two Swallows (Martins) ” going
W.: 28th, “two Swallows (Martins)” at noon. July 2nd, two
Martins going §.W.: 13th, one Martin going 8.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 20th, three Swallows with brownish
backs and white underneath (smaller than a House - Martin
Swallow) all day; wind SE. [Probably Sand - Martins.—
R. M. B.]

Tearaght.—June 5th, several Martins all day.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—June 22nd, four going E.

Blackrock, Mayo.—June 5th, one Black Swallow (Swift) about
rock; first this year; wind fresh E. August 18th, two Swifts
(Black Swallows) about rock.

Tearaght.—June 7th, one “Swift Swallow” at 4 pm. July
8th, one Swift picked up dead.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus europeus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—July 17th, Nightjar (supposed) at 11 p.m.; wind E.,
gloomy.
Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—May 10th, one going 8. June 28th, one Cuckoo
going E.

Howth Baily—May 10th, first heard this year; remained in
neighbourhood during summer.

Dunree Head.—May 13th, one going W.; first heard.

Skelligs— April 23rd, one at 6.30 P.M.

KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 9th, a Kingfisher found alongside
lighthouse in the morning; probably killed striking during
dense fog at night; strong breeze 8. [Received in flesh. ]

Rock-Dove (Columba livia, Gmel.).

Hook Tower—December 14th, one Rock Pigeon shot at 12
pM. [Leg and wing of Rock-Dove received. ]

1891] IRISH COAST 241

TurTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

Tearaght.—April 23rd, one shot at 2.30 P.M.; wind fresh E.
_ [Received in flesh. ] ,

“ PIGEONS.”

Mine Head.—April 18th, three going W.: 21st, four Pigeons
going S. May 12th, three going W. June 18th, three
going E.

Tuskar—November 28th, one “Dove” shot; fell into the
sea and was lost; wind strong N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 19th, one Pigeon flying
round. April 11th, one do. going N.W.

Maidens South—February 9th, one “tame Pigeon pitched on
roof” at 11 a.m.; flew W. to the land: 19th, one “dun-coloured
Pigeon on balcony” at 2 am.; flew W. to the land; foggy.
March 24th, one “ Blue Mottled Pigeon” rested about an hour;
went S. September 4th, Blue Pigeon pitched on roof of
dwelling at noon; flew from the N.; shot.

Dunree Head. — February 10th, ten Pigeons going S.E.
March 8th, fourteen going E. June 28th, six going N.E.
September 4th, ten going W. December 21st, twenty-seven
going N.W.

Tory Island——November 11th, three going N.E.

Rathlin O Birne-—August 19th, two on island.

Slyne Head, S—June 7th, one going W.

Arran Island, S—September 28th, seven on crag, feeding ;
strong gale 8.W.; two shot.

Tearaght.—February 2nd, twelve to sixteen Rock Pigeons all
day. October 26th, ten Pigeons on island; galeS.E. December
18th, ten do.

CoRN-CRAKE (Crex pratensis, Bechst.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—April 29th, Corn-Crakes first heard
this year.
Mine Head.—May 10th, three; wind light N.E. July 10th,
two going N.
¥ Arklow North Light-ship—April 25th, one at 6 A.M.; rested
| five minutes on ship and went N.W.; wind light S.E., hazy.
Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 26th, one lying in the grass ;
wind light S.

242 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
o

Innishtrahull.—May 8th, two on island; wind strong breeze
S.E.

Rathlin O Birne-—May 12th, one on island; wind light N.W.;
seldom seen.

Tearaght.—April 19th, wing of Land-Rail picked up on island.
[ Received. ]

Water-RalL (fallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 6th, one disabled striking; very dark.

Galley Head.—October 27th, one caught about midnight in
the lantern; “never seen here before.” [Received in flesh. ]

Hook Tower.—November 5th, one killed striking. [Received
in flesh. ]

Barrels Rock Light-ship. — [September 25th, Water - Rail
received in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship. — April 6th, two “unknown
birds” at 9 P.M. about light. [Leg and wing of Water-Rail
received. |

Rathlin O Birne-—December 23rd, Water-Rail caught; “it
was pecking about on the beach at noon, and ran under a
stone.” [Leg and wing received.]

Killybegs—[December 21st, Water-Rail shot. Leg and wing
received. | .

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 5th, “small bird with long legs
of a dark brown colour; can run very fast—Water-Hen I used
to call them.” [Possibly Water-Rail.]

WaATtTER-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Arran Island, S—September 18th, two “ Water- Hen” on
lake ; they never leave it.

RINGED PLOVER (gialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—August 3rd; several at 9.45 P.M.
about ship; wind light N.W.: 5th and 10th, several about ship
from 9 P.M. to 10 P.M.; wind light W.

LInmshtrahull—January 9th, “eleven Dotterel (ringed)” on
island; wind light W. June 21st, two young Dotterel on
island. July 16th, four Dotterel at 8 a.m.

Ea Ss es SS Pe er lL ea eee ae es

ee eer

1891] IRISH COAST 243

GoLpEN PLover (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 10th, flock going 8.; four shot: 14th,
twelve going W. April 9th, one going N.

Hook Tower.—October 12th, flock of “Grey Plover” all day;
gale S.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 1st, a flock going N.W.;
haze: 2nd, flock of “Grey Plover” going N., hazy.

Arklow South Light-ship.—aApril 6th, several “Grey Plover”
at 8.50 p.m. about light; wind light N.E., light haze.

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 26th, “Grey Plover”
about ship.

South Rock Light-ship—January 9th, flock of about fifty
going N.W. at 7.30 p.m.; calm, dark; one killed striking.
[Leg and wing received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island—December 21st, flocks of Green and
Golden Plover on island ‘all day; wind light W., frosty.

Innishtrahull—April 11th, two going 8.E. December 28th,
three on island, just arrived ; gale S.E., gloomy.

Tory Island.—November 29th, one “Grey Plover” shot at
lake ; strong breeze N.W.

Rathlin O Birne—March 19th, three shot at 1 p.m. “Very
few this season.” October 6th, two on island; gale W.: 15th,
three on marsh ; wind fresh 8.W.

Killybegs—January 5th, some at 10 am. going N.; frosty:
up to 11th, continuous flocks. March 7th to 13th, “Golden
Plover very plentiful; as also Lapwing, Fieldfares, Starling,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Skylarks—owing to the heavy frost. .
No Wild Geese observed, though they usually come in frosty
weather.” April 4th, twenty-two Golden Plover going S.: 26th
to May 3rd, large flocks near station.

Arran Island, S:.—September 15th, two going S.E.; gale N.W.;
one shot ; very scarce.

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—March 21st, two “ Lapwing Plover”
going N.E.

Mine Head.—March 10th, ten going E. March 14th, six
going W. July 20th, one at 4 am. going E.: 27th, one
going W.

244 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

_

Hook Tower. — October 17th, large flocks Plover; wind
moderate W.

Barres Rock Light-ship.—¥ebruary 26th, two going E.; hazy:
27th, flocks of Plover, 4 p.m. to 5 P.M, going N.W.; wind light
S.E., gloomy: 28th, one large flock of Plover at 5 P.M. going
N.W.; wind moderate W. March 2nd, small flock at 10.30
AM. going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 16th, flock passed over
ship at 10 p.m. going N. March 18th, one “ Lapwing” at 3 A.M.
about light; wind fresh N.E. December 24th, flock passed
over ship going N. at midnight; wind light 8.E., gloomy.

Arklow South Lvrght-ship.— February 20th, one “Plover”
going N.W. April 10th, flock Green Plover at 8.40 P.M. about
light; wind light S.E. May 2nd, a few Plover from 10 P.M. to
midnight about lantern ; wind light W., clear. December 25th,
four flocks Green Plover going 8.W.

Howth Baily. — November 25th, great numbers of Green
Plover flying in rays of light. Flocks through the fields in
December.

Drogheda.—December 21st, three “ Lapwing Plover” at 2 P.M.
going 5.8.W.; fog and frost: 24th, six “Lapwing” at noon
going S.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 6th, large flocks all day,
remaining; wind strong W., clear: 28th, a flock remain.
October 5th, one: 13th, twelve all day; gale S.E. November

5th, 19th, 21st, 24th, and 26th, a flock of Green Plover noted

about island: 30th, large flocks all day. December 5th, flocks
on isle: 7th, Lapwing all day: 21st, flocks of Green and Golden
Plover on island all day; frosty.

Maidens South—March 19th, fifteen going N. April 1st, two
going 8.

Innishtrahull—February 25th, 26th, and 27th, two on island.
June 18th, one at 11 A.M.

Tory Island—November 4th, rush of Green Plover and
other birds (see under Skylark) from 12.10 a.m. to daylight.
December 22nd, three going 8.E.; first seen.

Rathlin O Birne—March 25rd, two on island; remained a
month. September 4th and October 13th, two all day: 22nd, one.

Killybegs—March 7th to 13th, very plentiful (see under
Golden Plover). May 4th, hatching on adjacent moor and hill.

Se ee ee ES

—

1891] IRISH COAST 245

Oyster Island, S. — [March 10th, Wing of Green Plover
received. ]

Arran Island, S—August 20th, five going N.E.; gale S.W.;
first observed this year.

Tearaght— January 2nd, one at noon ; wind light S.W.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—November 23rd, one shot. December 11th,
one shot—[Received in flesh]: 31st, one killed striking ; wind
moderate S.W. [Leg and wing received].

Tuskar—June 12th, “we had a flock (six) of Turnstones,
beautifully marked, feeding among the Purple Sandpipers
during the latter end of May.”

Innishtrahull—August 8th, nine at 4 P.M. on island; wind
fresh 8.W. “Several Turnstones on island all winter.”

OYSTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 18th, several Seapies ; wind moderate
ay

Tuskar.—April 17th, twelve on rock.

Drogheda—sSeptember 28th, numbers all day feeding on
strand. “Seapies are here in large numbers all the year
round, and to be seen every day.”

Copeland (Mew) Island.— March 5th, flocks, apparently
remaining on island to breed. April 26th, May 24th, and
September 6th, large flocks of Seapies remaining: 24th, twenty
all day: 28th, forty. October 5th, 14th, and 17th, flocks.
November 5th and 11th, some: 21st and 26th, flocks: 30th,
large flocks. December 7th, large flocks of sea birds on island
all day, including Seapies: 8th, a flock: 13th, about thirty:
31st, large flocks.

Innishtrahull_—‘Seapie all the summer; build on island.”
“Seapie on island all winter.”

Rathlin OBirne.— January 28th, flock during season.
September 2nd, some on island all day. November 10th,
twenty all day.

Killybegs—March 28th, are natives of the place (see under
Cormorant).

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 10th, three all day about rock.

246 | ‘MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Slyne Head, S—Always round island.

Arran Island, S—October 29th, twenty-eight on rocks; three
shot by keeper.

Tearaght.—March 12th, a pair ; breed on island.

Skelligs.—March 8th, two on rock.

GreY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 9th, two, apparently Sea
Larks, drifting. [Possibly Grey Phalaropes.—R. M. B.]

Rathiin O Birne.-—October 12th, three Phalaropes at 1 P.M.
on water; “never saw birds of the kind before; shot two;”
gale 8. [Two Grey Phalaropes received in flesh]: 29th, nine
at 4 P.M. on water; wind light S.E.

Killybegs. — October 22nd, four; “rare in this country.”
[Four received in flesh. ]

Slyne Head, S.—October 6th, one shot swimming on small
pool on island; gale 8.W.; “never noticed any like it before”
—[Received in flesh]: 11th, another seen.

Wooncock (Scolopaax rusticula, Linn.). ~

Mine Head.—January 21st, one going N.

Hook Tower.—October 27th, one killed striking at 12.50 a.m.
coming from S.E.; wind strong E., hazy. December 24th, one
killed striking ; wind light N.E. [Leg and wing received.]

Blackwater Bank Lrght-ship—t|January 1st, Leg and wing
of Woodcock received, killed striking. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 12th, ‘one hundred and fifty
birds found dead in eave gutter of dome of lantern; Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Larks, Starlings, and one Woodcock. These birds
must have been killed during the spring by striking against
the dome and cowl of lantern.”

Innishtrahull.—November 4th, one on island ; first arrival.

Rathlin O' Birne—February 22nd, one killed. October 23rd,
one on island.

Tearaght.—November 14th, one on island.

Common SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel) and
JACK SNIPE (G. gallinula, Linn.).
Fastnet.—September 9th, one Jack Snipe killed striking at
midnight; wind light 8., fog.

bases

1891] IRISH COAST 247

Hook Tower.—November 25th, one Snipe at 10 A.M.; wind
fresh N.W. December 24th, one Snipe killed striking. [Leg
and wing received. |

Barrels Rock Light-ship—August 14th, one Snipe (apparently)
at 6 AM. going N.; wind fresh W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—September 13th, one Snipe at
- 10.30 p.m. lighted, and left for the shore; hazy.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 25th, one Snipe about ship ;
went N.W. at 7 a.M.; wind light S.E., hazy.

South Rock Light-ship.—April 12th, Jack Snipe killed striking.
[ Received in flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 26th, a few Snipe remaining.

Innshtrahull— December 7th, four Jack Snipe on island ;
just arrived ; wind light 8.W.: 31st, two Snipe on island.

Tory Island—October 31st, one Snipe; first seen; wind
light 8.E. November 7th, one in field: 8th, one going N.

fathlin O’Birne—February 24th, Snipe on island. August
23rd, three do. on island. September 18th, one do. killed
striking glass. October 13th, one on marsh: 15th, eight
Snipe on island; wind fresh E.: 28th, two.

Slyne Head, S—January 1st, three Snipe on island. March
5th, three. November 28th, three all day; gale W. Snipe on
island every day during December.

Arran Island, S——November 30th, one Jack Snipe; first
seen this year.

Tearaght.—January 23rd, one Jack Snipe. February 6th
one do. December 15th to 31st, one Snipe on island (see under
Blackbird).

Dunuin (Z'ringa alpina, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 19th, “Sand Snipe” at 10
A.M. on deck ; caught and died; wind light 8.E., hazy. [Dunlin
received in flesh. |

PURPLE SANDPIPER (7'ringa striata, Linn.).
Tuskar.—Purple Sandpiper during the latter end of May.

“SAND LARKS.”

Fastnet.—July 30th, one “Sand Lark” going E.
Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 16th, about twenty going
N.W.; gale W.

248 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

LIncifer Shoals Light-ship—April 18th, one going N.W.; left
for the shore after resting.

Drogheda. — December 18th, large flocks on strand: 19th,
Sand Larks and “Sand Plover” in numbers on strand ; frosty.
“These birds are here in large nnmbers from December to
March.”

Copeland (Mew) Island—March 4th and 5th, flocks all day
on island. November 13th and 24th, Sand Larks.

Rathlin O Birne.—February 15th, they breed here. September {
24th, some on island all day ; gale W. November 8th, numbers |
all day on island; gale S.W.

Killybegs—March 28th, Sand Larks and “Sand Plover” ; :
natives of the place (see under Cormorant).

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 29th, several Sand Larks or Rock
Larks on rock.

Slyne Head, Sim Strand Larks” always round island.

Arran Island, N—March, “during this month Sand Larks
are common here.”

Arran Island, Si—September 2nd, twenty-three “Strand
Larks” in lighthouse park; strong gale S.W. (Leave shore in
stormy weather.) .

REDSHANK (Totanus calidris, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 15th, one Redshank shot ; “ very hard
to get near; saw only two of this kind.”

Innishtrahull_—sSome on island all winter.

Rathlin O’ Birne—March 30th, five on island during season.

Arran Island, Si—October 19th, six ; strong gale 8.W.; very
plentiful about shore.

CurLEw (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Fastnet.— July 28th, three going N.W. September 7th,
several at 9 pM. hovering round light; wind fresh E., fog: 9th,
several at 11 p.M.; wind light S.E., fog.

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—February 23rd, five going S.W. March
1st, three going 8.W.: 17th, three going S.W.; gale E.: 20th,
numbers heard at 10 P.M. going 8.W.; “seemed from the noise
they made to be very numerous and flying high”: 27th, three
going N. April 10th, numbers feeding on bank. July 8th,
some on bank: 23rd, eight do.

1891] IRISH COAST 249

Hook Tower.—September 9th, several Curlew all day.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 29th, four at 10 A.M. going
N. July 1st, two at 3 P.M. going S.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 14th, three about light :
23rd, ten at 6 AM. going N. April 1st, flock at 11 p.m. about
light: 10th, flock at 10 p.m. about light: 12th, flock at 9 P.M.
about light: 17th, flock at 7 p.m. going N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 9th, several about light

_ at 8 pM. March 21st, several at 8 p.M.; wind light N.E.
April 11th, several; two disabled and fell overboard. July
26th, several.

Arklow North Light-ship.— January 7th, flock flying low,
going N.W. March 6th, flock at 9 p.m. going N.E, high; “sure
sign of rainy weather”; wind light N.W., cloudy. May 12th,
flock at 9 P.M. going N.W., flying high; wind light N.: 13th,
flock going N.W. July 23rd, large flock at 6 P.M. flying over
ship, going N.W. August 3rd and 20th, large flocks. October
dlst, large flock at 8 P.M.

Howth Baily—November 25rd, several flying in rays of light
at 6 P.M. December 5th, large flock near station. Flocks in
fields during December.

Rockabill—_May 20th, fifteen going N.W.: 26th, two going
W. June 3rd, five going S.

Drogheda.— December, “ Curlew about here during the winter
months, but not in great numbers.”

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 24th, several on island. Nov-
ember 5th, some: 17th, immense flocks; wind light N.W., clear:
26th, flocks. December 7th, large flocks of sea birds on island
all day, including Curlew; gale N.: 31st, large flocks on island.

: Maidens Sovth.—March 23rd, two at 8 AM. going W. June
18th, three going N.: 24th, four going 8. July 7th, four going
S.W. September 4th, three going 8.W.

Innishtrahull—July 22nd, three on island. A few Curlew
during November.

Dunree Head.—December 7th, twenty at 10 A.M. going E.

Tory Island—November 5th, twenty-one in field: 7th, forty
to sixty going 8.W., flying high: 8th, flocks on island, and
some going §.W.: 11th and 12th, flocks on island: 13th, flocks,
with Starlings, going N.; coming from shore: 21st, “Curlew

always on island”: 26th, flock at noon going S.W. December
R

250 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

5th, three going S.W.: 17th, about a hundred going §.E.; these
birds have been scarce lately on island.

Rathlin O Birne-—March 27th and September 6th, flocks on
island. October 23rd, Curlew on island at 4 p.m. November
13th, sixteen all day.

Kullybegs—March 28th, Curlew are natives of the place (see

under Cormorant).
. Blackrock, Mayo.—March 29th to April 1st, one about rock:
14th, one: 22nd, one. August 16th, sixteen going §.W.: 18th,
four going §.W.: 27th, one about rock. September 12th, some
passed light at night, 9.30 p.M., going 8.; foggy: 20th, three all
day. October 1st to 15th, three about rock ; gales every day.

Slyne Head, S—February 12th, two on island: 15th, ten
going 8.E. March 5th, 22nd, and 28th, a few noted. April
Ist, 7th, 12th, 16th, May 29th, June 23rd, July 2nd, August,
September 13th, October 7th, 8th, and November 16th, a few
noted ; from one to ten.

Arran Island, N.—“ A few on island, which have come in
from Connemara.”

Arran Island, S. — August 15th, eighteen féeding (very
plentiful). ; .

Tearaght.—January 3rd, two all day: 6th,one. March 14th,
one.

Skelligs—July 28th, five going E.: 29th, two going E.

WHIMBREL (Vumenius pheopus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—May 13th, nine at noon going N.E.

Spit Bank, Queenstown—March 17th, one going N.E. “1
consider it strange to see Whimbrel so early; it was flying
high;” three Curlew also noted. April 28th, number heard
at 11 p.M., flying high, going N.E. May 8th, a large flock at
5 P.M. going N.; gale N.E.: 16th, seventeen at 4 p.m, feed-
ing: 22nd, two going N.E.

Mine Head.—May 29th, six “ Maybirds” at 12 A.M. going E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 2nd, flock at 6 P.M. going
NGW.

Arklow South Light-ship.— May 20th, twenty-seven going
N.E.: 26th, several at 8 P.M. going N.W.; wind light N.W.

Maidens South—May 11th, two Curlew or Maybirds going

1891] IRISH COAST 251

N.: 19th, two going W. July 2nd, four going 8.W.: 14th, two
on rock; one shot. [No specimen received; possibly Curlew,
as date unusual—R. M. B.]

Rathlin O Birne— May 30th, numbers at 3 P.M. on island; fresh
breeze 8.

Killybegs—May 24th, flocks observed every day during the
month up to this date: 27th, two going N.W., flying very high :
29th, one going N.W., flying very high.

Blackrock, Mayo.—September 6th, two about rock.

Slyne Head, S.—May 29th, two on island.

Arctic TERN (Sterna macrura, Naum.).

Tuskar—June 12th, “we had a great number of Arctic
Terns here during the latter end of May, but they have all
left now.”

Rathlin O Birne—May 23rd, numbers of Terns at 6 A.M.;
strong breeze §8. They breed here. October 12th, “the Terns
breed here in July and are gone about the 1st of August; a
flock of about two hundred visited here on the 10th, which is
unusual, so I forward legs and wings—[Leg and wing of Arctic
Tern received]. The Sandwich Tern, with black feet and beak,
do not breed here.”

TERNS.

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—April 4th, several “Sea Mews” at 11
P.M. going E. July 10th, three “Sea Mews” about lighthouse.

Hook Tower.—September 9th, Terns striking glass in immense
numbers for the past two nights; dense fog, wind moderate to
strong 8.8.E. to $.S.W. and S.; none killed.

Copeland (Mew) Island.— May 12th, several “ Mews” at 4 a.m.
remaining; wind S8.E., clear: 18th, large flocks have arrived on
island to breed. June 11th, large numbers. No “Mew’s”
eggs found up to this date. July 4th, large quantities of eggs
are now on the island, and the birds are hatching. Keepers do
not allow any one to take the eggs, by order of the Commis-
sioners of Irish Lights. September 6th, “Mews” still on
island; have hatched and reared a large number of young
birds this season; left island about the 30th.

Innishtrahull—May 20th, numbers of Sea Mew hovering
about; “they build on island.”

252 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Slyne Head, S.—May, “ Perrs building ‘on adjacent island.”
[Probably Terns. ]

BLACK-HEADED GULL (Larus ridibundus, Linn.).
Tearaght.—January 1st, one small Gull picked up dying on
the road at 11 a.M.; wind light E., clear and frosty; “the day
before was thick with snow showers in the evening ”—| Black-
headed Gull received in flesh]; “another, apparently of the
same species, was observed on rocks under dwellings, it had red
legs”: 3rd, “one small Gull at 10 a.m.”

IcELAND GULL (Larus leucopterus, Faber).

Kullybegs.—December 16th, Iceland Gull shot. [Received in
flesh. |

“GULLS.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown—January 30th, numbers of Common
Gulls at noon fishing; wind light S.W. February 25th, numbers
of various species about harbour. March 13th, numbers of
Common Gulls all day: 17th, one Iceland Gull at noon, hover-
ing; gale E., gloomy. “This bird had beautiful cream-coloured
plumage.” April 6th, about fifty Common and Kittiwake Gulls
at noon feeding close to lighthouse: 8th, several Common Gulls:
10th, numbers of Gulls feeding. May 4th, fourteen large Grey
Gulls at 8 P.M. going 8.W., “flying high and all in a cluster”:
10th, about a hundred Herring Gulls. July 25th, numbers of
Common Gulls feeding. August 4th, five young Kittiwakes
(last year’s birds) fishing. .

Hook Tower—November 16th, Gulls of several kinds for
several days: 23rd, one Kittiwake Gull at 10 pm. killed
striking; wind light N.W., overcast, gloomy. December 16th,
one “ Black-headed Gull”; strong breeze N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 6th, “these birds are
continually about ship, and were very tame during the cold
weather; they would alight on rail, and could be easily caught.”
- July 14th, Gulls, Murs, and Gannets drifting with tide, feeding
on fish, probably herring fry. August 21st, seven Black-
headed Gulls at 4 P.M. going E.; “a small kind.” October 17th,
about two hundred large and small Gulls during day, drifting;
apparently feeding on fry: 19th and 20th, large flocks drifting:
23rd, two hundred do. November 6th, Gulls numerous: 14th,

1891] IRISH COAST 253

about a hundred: 28th, do. December 7th, do.: 30th, a lot of
small Gulls all day about ship.

Tuskar.—April 14th, Gulls all day round rock.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—October 2dth, flock of Gulls at
11 a.m: 27th and 30th, several flocks playing a short distance
from ship. “Birds remaining about ship for the night, leave for
the Irish land at daylight.” “Common Gull seen almost daily
during November.”

Arklow South Light-ship—F¥ebruary, flocks. April, a few
daily. May 27th, one Skua Gull going N.E. “Lots of Gulls
passing and near ship during this month.” June, July, August,
and September, Gulls and a few Skua Gulls passing ship daily.

Howth Baily—Sea Gulls always here; they feed on the
refuse which the barge “Eblana” brings from Dublin and dis-
charges in the bay. The “Eblana” makes three or four trips a
week. The Sea Gulls seem to be on the look-out for her, because
as soon as she shows round the Baily Point, they come on in
hundreds to meet her. They may be seen hurrying on two
miles off, a proof of the distance they can see objects. They
accompany the barge to the discharging ground, where they
remain feeding on the refuse.

Rockabill—June 26th, twelve Sea Gulls building on small
rock. [Kittiwakes—R. M. B.]

Dunree Head.—November 4th, Gulls and Puffins in great
numbers lying on water fishing ; wind light N.

Tory Island.—December 6th, large flocks of Gulls.

Rathlin O Birne.—April 3rd, all the different species of Gulls
remain here during season. November 14th, thirteen “Royal
Gulls” all day: 29th, numbers of Kittiwakes all day after fry.

Blackrock, Mayo.—March 23rd, a number of “ Didleen Gulls”
came on rock to build for first time this year; Didleens, odd
: large Grey Gulls, large Didleens, and two Royal Gulls around
rock every day this month. June, “no large Gulls on this
rock; they are always about it.” August, Gulls every day.
September 12th, a great number of Herring Gulls all day.
October, Gulls here every day, especially two Royal and three
large “Terrin” Gulls: 10th, “two small Gulls, smaller than a
Didleen, black on back. I never saw birds like them before ;
they were among the Didleens.” [Could these have been Sooty
Terns ?—R. M. B.]

254 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

;

Slyne Head, Si—Gulls always round island.

Tearaght.— March 22nd, Kittiwakes at 5 a.M.; wind moderate
N.W.; first landed; left about August 12th. October 29th,
a hundred Kittiwakes. November 5th, five hundred Herring
Gulls and Kittiwakes all day on water: 6th, two cream-coloured
Gulls at 2 P.M. on water; wind light E. “These Gulls seem
rare.”

Skelligs—October 14th, numbers of Kittiwakes and Shear-
waters (see under Manx Shearwater).

Manx SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorwm, Temminck).

Hook Tower.—August 22nd, one caught at 11 P.M; gale S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 12th, some (first seen) all
day going N.; wind moderate S.E. “Shearwaters and Parrots
daily flying and swimming past in various directions after
12th of this month.” October 8th, about a hundred and fifty
“ Mackerel Cocks” during day going E.: 11th, about fifty do.
November 8th, about twenty Manx Shearwaters, apparently
feeding. ‘

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 11th, one “Mackerel
Cock” at 10 A.M. going N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship—Some daily passing ship in June,
July, August, and September.

Howth Baily—March 28th, first heard from cliffs N.E. of
station. April 2nd and 9th, heard again: 11th, about a dozen
flying W. July 6th,a dozen. August 2nd, one found partly
stunned on balcony; had probably struck lantern: 5th, one
caught on balcony—[Received in flesh]. “The noise these
birds made in the cliffs during the end of March and April
was very attractive; every dark, calm night their strange loud
chorus was kept up. We searched the bank in the daytime
in which we supposed them to be in the nighttime, but could
find no trace of them. We could see them in the afternoons
both flying and diving along the coast.”

Skelligs—August 11th, two and some Storm Petrels stunned
striking (see under Storm Petrel). October 14th, upwards of
three or four hundred about rock. They were following a lot
of Kittiwakes, and all seemed to be feeding on sprat. The
Shearwater disappeared on the 26th, all but a few.

SS — _ — —orrerrrereerererereaovSseeeeee

hy ~ he ecg bcm Ae

—- oe ees |

1891] IRISH COAST 255

StoRM PETREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 13th, two at 10.30 a.m.; gale S.E.:
15th and 16th, great numbers all day; gale S.E. November
i4th, one picked up—[Wing received]: 17th, another do.
[Wing received. ]

Barrels Rock Light-ship— August 8th, two to four near ship ;
wind fresh S8.W. October 13th, 14th, and 15th, three to
sixteen near ship; strong gale each day.

Tuskar.—[November 6th, one received in flesh, killed
striking. |

Blackwater Bank Lvrght-ship.— October 22nd, three about
ship; wind light: 23rd, two; wind light, but a gale on 26th.
November 5th, flock from 8 p.m. to 4 A.M. on deck; wind light,
gloomy; one killed. [Leg and wing received. ]

Arklow South Lrght-ship—One or two seen about ship on
July 31st, August 3rd, 11th, 14th, and 18th, September 27th
and 28th, October 12th, 13th, and 14th: 16th, several during
day about ship; whole gale 8.W.: 18th, several do.

Rathlin O Birne—June 10th, they breed here.

Tearaght.—May 4th, one (first seen this year): 20th, one.
June 6th, Petrels all night; wind light 8.E.; none killed. “TI
did not see the Forked-tailed Petrel while on the Tearaght.—
W. H. James.”

Skelligs—August 11th, six and two Shearwaters at 12.30 A.M.,
strong breeze W., rain, mist; stunned, recovered after a short
time; large numbers of these. breed on rock—[Leg and wing
of Storm Petrel received]. “In reply to query about Petrels,
I did not notice any Petrel about the rock during September,
but on October 14th I saw about two hundred of them in small
flocks, about twenty to thirty in each flock. They were a little
larger than Storm Petrel, and of a different colour — back,
black; breast, light grey, nearly white; under wings, light
grey, but darker than breast; very restless, not remaining
more than five minutes on water, then flying a few yards.
They flew very fast, and kept very close together; each
flock kept separate; I did not notice any of them diving
They remained until the 18th; weather very rough; wind S.
to N.W.—Roserr J. Parvan.” [Possibly Fork-tailed Petrels.
—R. M. B.]

a

256 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
; .
RAZORBILL (Alca torda, Linn.) and
GUILLEMOT (Uria troile, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—January 30th, three Razorbills at
noon fishing; wind light 8.W., clear. March 3rd, one do. April
19th, eleven: 20th, numbers. May 1st, numbers of Guillemots
all day. July 23rd, Razorbill and her young one seen.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— February 11th, large flocks of
“Murs” all day: 12th, large flocks do.: 21st, flocks do.
March 4th, “ Murs and Gannets” all day. July 20th, flocks
of “Murs,” ten to twelve, going E.: 29th, flocks of from
twenty to thirty do. at sunset going E. August 4th, flocks
of from fifteen to twenty do. after sunset going E.: 6th,
flocks of from twenty-five to thirty do. after sunset going
E.: 17th, 18th, and 19th, large flocks all day drifting; wind
fresh W., clear. October 19th, 23rd, and 28th, flocks of
“Murs” all day drifting past. November 6th, Gulls, “ Murs,”
and Gannets all day, apparently after small fish. December
15th, a few “ Murs” going E.

Arklow South Light-ship—February, great flocks’of Gannet,
Puffin, Razorbill, Herring Gull, and small Common Gull during
this month.

Howth Baily.—May 11th, Guillemots, Razorbills, old and
young, diving. October 2nd, young Razorbills (of this year)
heard on the water. “At this time of year I heard these birds
round the coast everywhere I have been.—EDWARD M‘CaARRon.”
November 19th, “young” Razorbills, not of this year, observed
frequently diving close to the station. _[Probably old birds
which have assumed winter plumage.—R. M. B.]

Killybegs—April 3rd, one Razorbill found uninjured in
lighthouse yard this morning; it was not heard to strike.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 6th, Razorbills and Guillemots came
on rock for building; the first this year. June, breeding.
August 9th, all Razorbills and Guillemots gone.

Tearaght—February 2nd, Guillemots at 6 A.M.; first landed ;
wind moderate 8.W.: 27th, Razorbills at 6 A.m.; first landed.
Razorbills, with their young, leaving the island on July 8th;
all left about August 12th; also Puffins, Guillemots, and Kitti-
wakes.

Skelligs—January 7th, large flocks of Guillemots on rock at

’
ne re ete

+e

yy ee ee” he

1891] IRISH COAST 257

7 A.M.; strong breeze S.E., gloomy; “visiting daily, and remaining
on rock for a few hours.” February 26th, large numbers Razor-
bills on rock at 6.30 A.M.; visiting daily for a few hours.

PurFin (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 6th, three “Sea Parrots”; first
seen this season: 7th, several during day: “ Parrots and Shear-
waters daily swimming and flying past in various directions after
12th of month”: 21st, small flocks of “ Parrots” during day.

Tuskar.—April 14th, all day round rock.

Blackwater. Bank Inght-ship.—During April, several flocks
going N.E. November, seen almost daily.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February, flocks. April, daily about
ship. May, “lots of Puffins passing and near ship during this
month.” June, July, August, and September, passing ship daily.

Dunree Head.—November 4th, numbers on water.

Rathlin O Birne.—August 21st, flocks all day going N.E.;
wind fresh S.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—April 14th, came to rock for first time.
June, “ Puffins, Razorbills, Guillemots, Didleens, Cormorants,
and Titlarks breeding about rock since they came.” August,
Puffins went away from 2nd to 8th.

Arran Island, N.—March, “during this month Puffins are
common here.” :

Tearaght—March 28th, Puffins on water: 31st, first landed
at 4.30 p.m.; left about August 12th.

BLACK GUILLEMOT (Uria grylle, Linn.).

Tearaght.—February 25rd, one small Black Diver, with white
patches on wings, close to rock. [Probably Black Guillemot. ]

“GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown—One or two seen January 12th,
18th, 28th, February 26th, March 3rd and 22nd.

Howth Baily—April 18th, one Northern Diver; and on one
or two occasions afterwards, diving.

Drogheda.—December 25th, several “Small Northern Divers ”
all day, fishing in river: 31st, three Great Northern Divers all
day.

Tearaght.—March 5th, two Northern Divers all day.

258 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891
.

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHaeG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—One or two Cormorants noted January
28th, April 29th, July 8th, and August 4th. February 3rd, four
“Green Cormorants.” March 9th, three “Brown Cormorants.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—One or two Cormorants noted on
February 19th, May 3rd, August 10th, November 20th, and
December 6th and 7th.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—October 30th, flock of Cor-
morants going N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship—November 21st, two Green Cor-
morants about ship: 27th, one Black Cormorant going S8.W.

Howth Baily.— April 2nd, a few Cormorants always to
be seen diving, except during the breeding season. During
the winter and early spring flocks of these birds leave Lambay

and Ireland’s Eye every morning and cross Dublin Bay towards -

the Kingstown and Dalkey coasts, and return every evening. I
never saw Cormorants of such a large size as these; they do
not breed on Howth. j

Drogheda, — December 25th, thrée Cormorants fishing in
river: 31st, six do.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 19th and 20th, some Cor-
morants round island. October 17th, about eight going S.W.

Dunree Head.—January 22nd, twenty-one Cormorants going
N. February 24th, sixteen going N.W. June 21st, eight
going 8.E. July 8th, ten going N.: 23rd, thirty-one going N.W.;
the greatest number ever seen together. August 25th, twenty-
six going N. September 18th, fifteen going N.W.: 29th,
twenty-one going N.E.

Rathlin Obine.— January 19th, twenty Cormorants on
island during season; four with white spots under or behind
the wings. November 19th, seven all day.

Kullybegs—March 28th, “Cormorants, Seapie, Curlew, Wild
Duck, Seagulls, Sand Larks, Sand Plover, Lapwing, Titlarks,
Sparrows, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, and Linnets are
natives of the place, and may be seen nearly every day.”

Blackrock, Mayo—March, Cormorants always here. April,
round rock all month. June, breeding about rock. August,
seen daily. October, always here.

ysyre et SP eee

1891] IRISH COAST 259

Slyne Head, S— Always round island.

Skelligs—March 23rd, one “Cormorant” (white head and
neck), “first of this description I have ever seen,’ at 11 A.M. on
rock,

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Fastnet.—July 17th, large flocks going N.W.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—February 6th, two going N.E.: 18th,
27th, 28th, and March 2nd, small flocks all day going W.
April 18th, seven going W.: 20th, small flocks during day going
W.: 25th, seven going W.: 28th, small flocks during day going
W. Also noted May 1st and June 12th, going W.: 13th and
14th, flocks going W. (about half of them young birds of a dark
colour). July 8th, flocks, white and dark grey, during day:
18th, some going E., dark grey and white: 20th, four going W.,
white: 26th, four going W., three white, one dark: 27th, nine
going E., eight white, one dark. August 2nd and 13th, two or
three going W. October 9th and 12th, a few, white and grey,
going W.: 20th, Gannets, Gulls, and Murs drifting during day :
23rd, about ten white and grey. November 3rd and 6th,
numerous Gannets. December 7th and 11th, a few, two “ black
and white”: 14th, several, “black and white”: 18th, large
flock going 8.

Tuskar.—April 14th, some all day round rock.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 17th, 18th, and 19th,
several flocks of Gannet going N.E. at noon, “in twelves and
tens each flock.”

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 2nd, one flock going
N.E.: 18th, six Gannets going N.E. March 15th, Gannets in
flocks of four and six going N.E.: 16th and 21st, Gannet going N.E.
“During April several flocks of Gannet passed almost daily
going N.E.” May 5dth, flocks going N.E. September 15th, five
going N.E. October 20th, six going N.E.: 21st, three going N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February, “ great flocks during this
month,” April, “great flocks going N.”: 10th, two at night about
light, one disabled and fell overboard. May, “lots of Gannet
passing.” June, July, August, and September, passing daily.

Arklow North Light-ship.— February 23rd, several large
flocks going N.E.: 24th and 25th, several large flocks. April
16th, 17th, 19th, 25th, and 26th, several going N.E. May Ist,
flock going N.E.: 4th, several flocks going N.E.

260 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

:

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 4th and 6th, several fishing.
May 12th, 16th, 19th, and 20th, several round island. June
11th, flocks every day during month up to this date. December
4th, a few fishing around island.

Innishtrahull_—_F ebruary 25th, three fishing.

Rathlin O Birne—April 3rd, numbers during season. August
29th, six going 8.

Killybegs—February 12th, one at noon fishing; first observed
this year. March 28th, numbers fishing round Head.

Blackrock, Mayo—March 19th, continual flocks going N. for
the last fortnight and all the month, and fishing round rock
every day. April, fishing round rock all month: 27th, two
flocks (seventeen and eighteen) at 3 pM. goingS.W. September
12th, going S. all day at intervals. October 1st to 15th, Gannets
going S.E. every day; gales.

Arran Island, N—March, common here during month.

Tearaght—F¥ebruary 6th, eighteen going S.W. to N.W.
“Some going daily to the N.”

Skelligs.—March 3rd, flocks round rock.

Bull Rock—June 2nd, “there are from a hundred to a
hundred and ten pairs (certainly a hundred pairs) building this
year on Bull Rock.”

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—One to four noted March 12th, April
8th and 10th, May 10th, July 24th and 25th, and ten on July 8th.

Howth Baily— August 15th, one going N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—One to three noted September 24th
and 28th, October 31st, November 19th, 29th, and 30th,
December 13th and 24th. A few on November 5th, 13th, and
26th. Several on October 5th, 14th, and 22nd.

Tory Island.—One or two noted November 11th, 13th, 21st,
and 26th. December 17th, two going E.

Rathlin O’ Birne—August 11th, one “Stork” at 10 a.m. on
island; wind light S.W.

Slyne Head, S—dJanuary 1st, one “Crane” on island: 16th,
and March 21st, one do. going 8.E.: 30th, one on island. April
14th and September 3rd, one going S.E.

Arran Island, S—November 4th, two “Cranes” fishing in
pools near shore.

1891] IRISH COAST 261

Tearaght.—May 18th, “one Heron (Crane) ” going S.E.
Skelligs—July 26th, three Herons going towards mainland.

“ GEESE.”

Mine Head.—April 10th, six “ Wild Geese ” going E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—December 22nd, one Wild Goose
going 8.

Arklow South Light-ship.p—December 19th, one flock Wild
Geese going N.W.

Howth Baily—November 16th, about thirty “ Barnacle”
going N.E.: 21st, a flock going N.E.

South Rock Light-ship— March 22nd, three Geese going 8.E.

Maidens South.—March 8th, three Barnacle going W. April
9th, heard a number of Barnacle passing lantern at 11 P.M.
October 14th and 23rd, two to three do. going 8. December
19th, ten going W.: 21st, two at 5.30 P.M. pitched on dome of
lantern ; remained for about an hour and flew S.

Innishtrahull__February 16th, seven Barnacle on island.
March 6th, three Brent Geese on island: 7th, four do. October
30th, seven Barnacle Geese going 8.W.; first arrival here.
December 14th, a flock of do. flying 8.W.: 24th, flock do.
going §.

Tory Island.—October 28th, seven Barnacle came from N.
and lit on island. November 6th, five do. going 8.W.; flying
high: 15th, four do. going N.W.: 16th, flocks do. from 11 P.M.
to 2 AM. going 8.E.; full moon, eclipse, none struck: 17th,
seven going S.E.: 23rd, Barnacle and Duck heard at lake close
to lighthouse at 12.30 a.M.

Rathlin O Birne—January 12th, six Barnacle at noon. “ Very
few this year.” September 21st, eight do. going W. October
1st, flocks do. going S.: 21st, some do. going 8.: 22nd, thirteen
on marsh: 23rd, two “ Geese” at 1 P.M. on marsh. December
7th, four “ Land Barnacle” on marsh: 12th, twelve “ Geese”
going W.; gale S.E., snow.

Killybegs—March 7th to 13th, “no Wild Geese observed,
though they usually come in frosty weather.”

Slyne Head, S—October 8th, twenty-four Barnacle going
S.E.; first seen this year: 17th, large flock do. all day flying
round islands. December, Barnacle seen off adjacent islands
almost daily.

262 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

Arran Island, N.—February or March, %a few Wild Geese
were seen going in the direction of Clare.”

ComMoNn ScoTEeR (@demia nigra, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 5th, “ Black Scoter” killed striking,
and picked up at foot of tower at 12.30 p.m; gale S. [Common
Scoter received in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 15th, flock of Wild Duck
at 11 pm. going N.E.; wind light N.W., clear; three killed
striking. [Legs and wings of two Common Scoters, male and
female, received. |

Oyster Island, S—{March 10th, wing of Common Scoter
received. |

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER (Mergus serrator, Linn.).

Killybegs December 22nd, female Merganser received in
flesh. Probably shot. |

“ DUCKS.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.—February 14th, forty “large Duck”
on water: 17th, three Teal going. N.E.: 27th, seven Duck
going S.W. March 3rd, five Duck going N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—February 7th, one Wild Duck from
noon to sunset, swimming. “This bird had a brown head and
breast, wings tipped with the same colour, and a grey back and
wings. The head was large in proportion to the rest of the
body.”

Tuskar.—April 19th, flock of Wild Duck going S.E. November
28th, twelve Duck going W.; gale N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 2nd, one Wild Duck
at 11 A.M. about ship.

Arklow South Light-ship—sSeptember 21st, one Wild Duck
going W.; wind fresh N. November 20th, one do. going N.E.
December 13th, one do. going S.W.

Drogheda.—September 27th, a large flock of Black Duck on
water, about three hundred yards from shore. October 15th,
“heard the cry of Wigeon passing W.” November Ist, thirteen
large Duck inside of the bar: 26th and 27th, “ Golden-headed
Wigeon” in large flocks going W.; frosty,—“ These birds
frequent the feeding-beds every night during the winter

eT oh ae

1891] IRISH COAST 263

months; the beds are about half a mile from this station” :
30th, three Duck and one Mallard on river. December 20th,
a large flock of Black Duck on water; frosty.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—March 5th and April 26th, one
Wild Duck: 24th, a Wild Drake seen, and two Muscovy
Ducks. December 6th, a flock of Duck on the island.

Innistrahull.cNovember 14th, one Wild Duck on sea.

Tory Island.—November 11th, flock of Wild Duck on lake:
23rd, Duck and Barnacle heard at lake close to Fghthpnde at
12.30 a.M.; clear.

Rathlin O’ Birne.—September 13th, one Duck on island.
November 21st, one Wigeon on marsh.

Slyne Head, S—April 9th, two Wild Duck going N.W.

Arran Island, N—“I have seen Wild Duck on a small
island called the ‘ Branack’ near this station.”

Arran Island, S—November 21st, six Wild Duck at 8 AM.
on lake. They frequent it in cold weather.

Birps Not IDENTIFIED.

Hook Tower—November 23rd, several small birds round
light ; supposed to be Gold-Crests.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 28th, a flock of grey birds,
a little larger than Thrushes, going S.E.; wind fresh N.W.,
showery. September 7th, a brownish bird, long black bill, legs,
and claws, struck lantern; wind light S.W., fog.

Howth Baily—July 18th, a round short bird, size of Puffin,
with some white about wings, short neck, and short round
straight bill, seen on the water close to station. November
20th, “noticed a peculiar bird on the sea to-day; had a slightly
turned-up white bill, white throat and breast, brownish colour
on back, with a number of white spots.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—May 22nd, two small strange brownish
birds, about the size of a Grey Linnet, about rock at 2 p.M.; had
a chirrup like a Wren; fired at them, but could not see them
after; wind N. to light W., gloomy. August 19th to 22nd, “a
strange bird, about the size of a Wagtail, white streak above the
eyes and white underneath, grey like a Skylark on back, and
spotted”; wind N.: 29th, “a bird like a Sand Lark, only it had
a long tail and bill, about rock; wind light S.W.”: 30th, “a

264 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1891

bird about the size of a Pigeon, slate colour, had round-shaped F

wings, about rock at 2 p.M.; strong gale S., rain.” :
Tearaght—“A large bird with a white head, supposed to be

an Eagle, was observed by one of my sons passing Tearaght, .

going W.; I forget date.” 4

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Fastnet.—“ On the night of November 6th, large flock of
Moths round light.”

Spit Bank, Queenstown.— No birds strike this lantern; it
does not seem to be in the track of birds migrating.” “No
birds seen from May 22nd to July 8th, only a stray Gull
now and again.” August 7th, “very few birds about here for
some time back.”

Hook Tower—November, “a great many birds strike this
lantern.” December, “I did not see so many birds striking
lantern since I was stationed on Tuskar Rock in 1875 and
1876 as I have seen here during the autumn migration.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—February 6th, “no land birds of
any description seen since January 27th.”

Arklow North Light-ship—March, “very few birds indeed
up to the present.” May, “no small birds of any kind from
10th to 22nd.” “Very few entries between May 12th and
October 18th; birds never so scarce as they have been this year
up to latter date.”

Howth Baily—dJuly 26th, “no birds about lantern this
summer, and very few of any kind about station.” November
19th, “Titlarks are the only resident land birds here; I find
them much the same all round the coast.”

Rockabill_— October, “ there have been very few birds seen at
this station.”

South Rock Light-ship.—“ No birds seen this fall.”

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May, “one hundred and fifty birds
found dead in eave gutter of dome of lantern—Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Larks, Starlings, and one Woodcock; these birds must
have been killed during the spring by striking against the dome
and cowl of lantern.” December, “no large ‘rushes’ of birds
observed during autumn or winter striking against lantern ;
weather has been very free from fog this winter, perhaps that
is the reason the birds have not been striking.”

3
;

1891} IRISH COAST 265

Maidens South.—March, never observed fewer birds about

lighthouse than this year.

Innishtrahull—March, “birds of all common kinds are very

- scarce this winter.”

Tory Island.—* Up to October 28th, no birds were observed.”
November 10th, “during the nights of 3rd, 4th, and 5th, the
birds were plentiful round light; the nights were very dark;
scarcely any birds at lantern since.”

Blackrock, Mayo.—August 18th, one Bat at night about rock.
October, “birds very scarce, owing to stormy weather.”

Slyne Head, S—“No notes taken from April 27th to May
28th.” “No birds of note during August except Curlew.”
October 17th, “up to this birds have been very scarce.” “No
strange birds this year except Grey Phalarope.”

Arran Island, Ni—*“No birds seen here, except Starlings,
from January 4th to February 21st.” “No night migrations
here; no birds striking lantern.”

Tearaght— January, “no sea-birds have landed here as yet
this season. I think such birds as visit here on migration come
generally at night, and leave about same time, as we seldom
see them coming or going away.” “No birds killed at lantern
for the winter months.” November 4th, “ Long-eared Bat flew
into one of the houses.” [Received in flesh.]

DAvBENTON’s Bat (Vespertilio Daubentonii, Leisler).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 21st, Bat caught at 7.30
P.M., “flying low about ship, striking man on watch; it died

the next day.” [Daubenton’s Bat received in flesh: sent as a
bird.]

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268

List oF LIGHT STATIONS.

4, Mine Head, Waterford,
5a. Hook Tower, Wexford,

6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do.,

7, Tuskar Rock, do.,
7a. Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do.,

7b, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do.,

8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow,

8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do.,

9, Codling Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin,

11. Howth Baily,
12. Rockabill,

do.,
do.,

12a.Drogheda, North, Meath, .....
126.South Rock Lt.-ship, Down,..

13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do.,

14.
16,
19.
21.
22.
32,
34,
37.

Maidens South, Antrim,
Innishtrahull, Donegal,
Tory Island, do.,
Rathlin O’Birne, do.,
Killybegs, do.,
Arran Island, N., Galway,
Arran Island, S., do.,
Tearaght, Kerry,

Pree wenee

see nee

5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford,

eh eeeee
Cen)
eneee

ds

>

3 cB

2 2 Remarks
a Pe

aueles on
28 Schedules.
5 ah

3 &

oH

nD

1 0 good.

4 28 excellent.
2 0 good.

4 0 very good,
1 13 very good.

1 1 good.

4 40 excellent.
5 7 excellent.

3 9 excellent.

3 4 very good,

bo

7 excellent,
8 good.
6 4 excellent.

i

. 1 2 poor,

. 5 1 very good.

4 6 very good.
3 11 very good.

4 0 excellent.
2 2 good.

2 7 very good,

1 0 poor.

1 2 very good.

4 10 excellent.

Spring.

am oO

M4

>.
x
x
xX
Oo
x
Oo
x

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Autumn,

mop Od

oO mM HM tal

tl

i << a

[1892

o

6

B

5 Names of Observers.
- H. Kelly.

— W. H. James.
10 P. King and J. Doyle.

J. Beahan, Ed. Broad,
and T. Succan.
7 John Hamilton.
9 John Byrne.

Patrick Cullen and
-} Daniel Dunn.

(an Clydesdale, J.

a ewan: and Ed.
( Broad.

3 J. Pinston and Alfred
Wall.

Alfred Wall, W. Clydes-

-} at dale, and H, Thomp-

- Rdawavdl M ‘Carron.

5 H. Kennedy.

— George Dunleavy.

Patrick Clancy.

R. Armstrong, W.
Butler, M. Polly,
R. Lyons, and B. C.
Kennedy.

5 Francis Maguire,

6 George Gillespie.

9 J. Higginbotham.

2 John Murray.

— John Kennedy.

9 Michael Barry.

6 J.C. MacGinley.

9 Charles Hawkins.

oo

The following Stations sent no Schedules, but forwarded specimens :—Carlingford

Lough sent a Sheathbill (Chionis alba) ;

Blackrock, Mayo, a Fork-tailed Petrel.

Legs, Wings, etc.

o= No reply.

Spring, replies received from 19 stations,

, received, 166,

Lough Swilly, Donegal, a Gannet ;

x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Autumn, replies received from 19 stations,

1892]

Species.

Kestrel, .

Spotted Flycatcher,

Missel-Thrush,
Thrush,
9
Redwing,
Fieldfare,
”
Blackbird,
‘5 two,
5 two,
ay two,

Hedge Sparrow, .
Stonechat,

” five,
-Whinchat, .
Wheatear,

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received.

Ree’d. in flesh,

”

Leg and wing,

Wing,

Leg and wing,

Wing, ;
Leg and wing,
23
9
Legsand wings,

”

Leg and wing,

9?
Legs and wings,
Leg and wing,

29
Ree’d. in flesh,
9)
99
Leg and wing,
3?
rr
2
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,

How Procured. Date.

Shot, 27/ 3 mo.,
Caughtondeck,26/ 5 mo.,
Killed st.,1.. 23/11 mo.,

A . 380/ 1mo.,

_ " 20) 3 mo:,

- = 20/ 3 m0.,

3 . 18/10 mo.,

. & Zo) tiene:

i; . 138/12 mo.,

2 29/10 mo.,
Killed st., 23/ 9 mo.,
Pe . 20/ 9mo.,

re 2 80/1" ures;
Killed, 22/11 mo.,

2 Ree’d. 27/12 mo.,
Picked up dead, 13/10 mo.,
Killed st., . 19/10 mo.,

- . 22/12 mo.,

3 we 20) or mnor,

2 22/ 5 mo.,
Killed st., 24/10 mo.,
3 . 25/10 mo.,

4 . 13/12 mo.,

ap . 24/12 mo.,

of Sey LOmmor,

at 2 P1I/11 mo.;

x . 18/11 mo.,

os - OI mos;

ne 7 LOM m0%;

is _ 25/11 mo.,

x ) 2 LOunror,

i . 27/10 mo.,

5 . ,22/11 mo.,

7 pLd/1i-mo.,
Caught, 13/ 3 mo.,
Shot, . . 14/1mo.,
Caught in crib, 10/ 1 mo.,

Killed st., 25/ 5 mo.,

5 25) 26) tama; ,
4 . 29/ 4mo.,
a 23/ 9 mo.,

Killed st., 26/ 3 mo.,
5 . 29/ 9mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

Name of Station.

Tearaght,

Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh

¢ 99
Le »?
2) 9

5 LB)
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt. -ship.
Rockabill,
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
Maidens S.
TInnishtrahull.

Hook Tower.
99 9?

29 Le)

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

) +2
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Codling Bank Lt.-ship.

9 9
Rockabiil,

be)

?
Tearaght.

9
Innishtrahull.
Killybegs.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Hook Tower,
Tuskar.

39
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

270

Species.

99

%?

2? 29
Grasshopper

Warbler, .
Whitethroat,

Blackcap,

te)

Willow Wren,

Chiffchaff,

a)

9

Golden-crested

Wren,

Pied Wagtail,

MIGRATION

OF BIRDS

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received.

Sedge Warbler, two, Ree’d. in flesh,

two, =

Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,
39
Leg and wing,
Rec'd. in flesh,
Leg and wing,
29

Ree’d. in flesh,

a9

Leg and wing,

)

Kee’d. in flesh,

9?

)

|

|
|

How Procured.

Killed st.,
9
Caught at
lantern,
Killed st.,
Killed,

Caughton deck, 23/ 5 mo.,

Killed st.,
Picked up on
balcony,

Killed st.,

a9
2

Killed st.,

Dead on deck, 25/ 5 mo.,

Killed st.,
Caught at
lantern,
a
Caught on*
light,
Killed st.,
Caught at
glass,
Picked up on
balcony, .
Killed st.,

2 C
Found dead,

Dead on deck, 29/ 8 mo.,

Caught at
glass,
Killed st.,
Caught on
light,

2

Leg and wing, Killed st.,

Ree’d. in flesh,

a)

|

Caught on
light,

9?

a

5/ 5 mo.,

t 28/ Fone.

29/ 9 mo.,

t 27/ 9 mo.,

Date. Name of S

24/ 5 mo., Hook Tower.
29/75 Oss ae if

23/"Smoy" ays *

23/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-
23/ 5mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

[1892

tation.

24/ 5 mo., Howth Baily.

23/ 5 mo., Maidens 8..

24/ 5om0..) 55 3
29/ 4mo., Tuskar.
23/ 9 mo.,

ce]
23/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

Hook Tower.

24/ 5mo., Howth Baily.

23/ 5 mo., Maidens S.

Innishtrahuill.

Innishtrahull.

28/4 mo., Hook Tower.

29/ 4mo., _,, A

b/eb mM0:, mee Pf

23/ 9mo.,_ ;, 5
29/ 4mo., Tuskar.

20/ 4 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

23/ 4 mo., A
7/ 8 mo., a

24/ 8 mo., Howth Baily.

14/ 5 mo., Maidens S.

23/ 9 mo., Tuskar.

24/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
26/ 4 mo., Innishtrahull

22/ 3 mo.,

?

23/ 9mo., Tuskar.

Innishtrahuil.

ee ee Se eee eee

1892]

Species.

-Meadow-Pipit,

Rock-Pipit, .
Skylark,

two,

2 >
Snow Bunting,
29 LY
Corn Bunting,

LraGs, WINGS,

How Received.

2
Leg and wing,

”
Ree’d. in flesh
in spirits,
Leg and wing,

33

2)
Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

Leg and white
wing,

Legsand wings,

Leg and wing,

Chaffinch, =e

” 9

”? be

” 9
Goldfinch, Rec’d. in flesh,

Mealy Redpoles, two, is

? ”? 9

” ” ° ”

Twite, ? Wing,

ap ? Leg and wing,
by Ree’d. in flesh,
Starling, Leg and wing,

” 9

9? Fle

2 99

9 39

” a ”

be 3)

_ Swallow, >

”

IRISH COAST

271

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Procured. Date.

2 23/ 9 mo.,
Dead on deck, 10/ 1 mo.,
Killed st., 17/10 mo.,
Got by one of 27/12 mo.,
the islanders
Killed st., 26/ 2 mo.,

<5 26/ 3 mo.,

i 27/ 3 mo.,

$5 23/ 9 mo.,

2 23/ 9 mo.,
Killed st., 27/ 2 mo.,

* 25/10 mo.,

iy 15/11 mo.,

“ 22/11 mo.,

a 13/12 mo.,
Foundon deck, 16/12 mo.,
Killed st., 22/11 mo.,

an 21/ 1 mo.,

9

Shot, .
Killed st.,

”
2

Caught on deck,
Dead on deck,

Killed st.,
Shot, .
Picked up dead,
Shot, . ;
Killed st.,

Dead on deck,
Caught at )

25/ 3 mo.,

1/11 mo.,
29/10 mo.,

9/11 mo.,
27/12 mo.,
23/10 mo.,
10/11 mo.,
24/10 mo.,

1/11 mo.,
9/11 mo.,
25/ 9 mo.,
26/ 9 mo.,
18/10 mo.,
27/ 3 mo.,
11/12 mo.,

lantern, j eb gh ria,
Killed st., 5/ 3 mo.,
FF 27/ 3 mo.,

fy 27/ 2 mo.,

5 24/ 3 mo.,

. 13/12 mo.,

% . 26/10 mo.,

% Ree’d. 27/12 mo.,
Killed st., 23/ 4 mo.,
Deadonboard, 8/ 5 mo.,

Name of Station.

Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Led 9

Innishtrahull.

Hook Tower.

9)
Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank [t.-sh.

bP) 2
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill,

South Rock Lt.-ship,
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Tearaght.

Tuskar.

Innishtrahull.

Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Rockabiill.

Tearaght.

Hook Tower.

Tearaght.

a9
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Killybegs.
Hook Tower.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

7 2

22 ”
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahuill.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
Codling Bank Lt.-ship.

272 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>
LEGS, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.
Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Namie of Station.
Quail, Rec’d.inflesh, Killed st., 22/ 9mo., Tuskar.

Bs ; Leg and wing, f 1/11 mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt. -ship.
Water-Rail, 3 Pe 29/10 mo., Tuskar.

* Rs tec’d. in flesh, FA 29/10 mo., Arran Island, S.
Water-Hen, Leg and wing, nd 23/ 8 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Bald Coot, . 5 Be 24/11 mo., i5 >

ne Sonate Ree’d. in flesh, 53 . 18/10 mo., Arran Island, S.
Ringed Plover, is 2 15/ 4mo., Rathlin O Birne.
Golden Plover, Wing, ote 15/ 4 mo., i 3

% ne ec: anptleshiiaes (aes 15/ 4 mo., Killybegs.

Green Plover, Wing, Killed st., 22/11 mo., Maidens S.

a 5 a , : a 29/11 mo., Drogheda, N.
Turnstone, . Leg and wing, Killed st., 24/ 9mo., Hook Tower.

ie Rec'd. in flesh, Shot, . TAO mia: oS Be 35

An : Leg and wing, FF 25/10 mo., Drogheda, NV.
Sheathbill, . . Ree’d. in flesh, bee Ane 2/12 mo., Carlingford Lough.
Grey Phalarope, . Leg and wing, Killed st., 22/ 8mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

3 es In flesh, . 3 4/11 mo., Rockabill.
Woodeock, . Wing, Killed, 22/11 mo., Maidens S.
Common Snipe, Leg and wing, Killed st., 22/ 9mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Found 3
Jack Snipe, . : : decayed on 10/12 mo., Howth Baily.
roof,
Dunlin, : : 59 Killed st., 20/ 9 mo., Hook Tower. ~
e Ree’d, in flesh, | Found dead 26/12 ontOseee ,
on balcony,
Purple Sandpiper, Leg and wing, Killed st., 29/10 mo., Tushar.

5 5 55 Shot, . 29/10 mo., Tearaght.

Common Sandpiper, 5 Killed st., . 23/ 4 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

A of 5 es 5/ 5 mo., Howth Baily.
on balcony,
Curlew, i - : Killed st., 24/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Fork-tailed Petrel, Skin received, 2 9/ 9 mo., Blackrock, Mayo.
Flew on
Storm Petrel, Ree’d. in flesh, board and 28/11 mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
died, °
Guillemot, . ; a Shot, . 23/ 3 mo., Howth Baily.
Little Grebe, - oi Ear 7/11 mo., Hook Tower.
dead,
Gannet, ve Shot, . 4/10 mo., Lough Swilly.
Brent Goose, ‘ ff “3 11/10 mo., Drogheda, N.

Head,.. . 53 29/11 mo., nt)

Common Scoter, .

:
.

1892]

Birds not identified,
Blackbird, .
Blackcap,
Brent Goose,
‘* Bullfinch,”
Bunting, Corn,

us Snow, .

Pi Yellow,

eee :
Chiffchaff,
Chough,
Common Scoter,
Coot, Bald,
Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,
Curlew,

Diver,
£oDueks,”” .
Dunlin,
Fieldfare, .

Gannet,
sf Geese,”

General Obser vations,

Golden-crested Wren,
Goldfinch, .

Grasshopper Warbler,

Greenfinch, :
Grey Phalarope,
Guillemot, Black,

2?
** Gulls,”
‘** Hawks,”
Heron,

Jackdaw,

Kestrel,
Kingfisher,
Linnet, .
Little Grebe,

Magpie,

Manx Shearwater,
“* Martin,” :
Mealy Redpole, :
Merlin, ;
Missel-Thrush,
Owl, Snowy,
Owls, : :
Oyster-Catcher, .
‘* Partridge,”

Peregrine | Falcon,
Petrel, Fork- tailed,

Common, .

IRISH COAST

INDEX.

PAGE

330 | Petrel, Storm,
281 | ‘‘ Pigeons,”

288 | Plover, Golden,

327 », Green,

300 », Ringed, .

oe Pufiin, .
95 ‘

296 | Quail,

296 | Raven,

289 | Razorbill,
304 | Redshank, .
329 | Redwing,
310 | Ring-Ouzel,

825 | Robin,

309 | Rock-Pipit,
304 | Rook,

308

318 ‘* Sand Larks,” . .
Sandpiper, Common, .
325 é Purple,

329 Saies Warbler,
316 | Sha

280 Sheathbill, Yellow- billed,

. | Siskin,
826 | giylark,

eat Snipe, Common,

330 Rani

289 iio See
Sparrow-Hawk, .

298 Had

287 ” edge, -

298 », House,.

315 | gr a epee 2

394 Spotted Plyeateher
Starling,

324 | Stonechat, .

39] onecha
Swallow,

275 | ‘* Swans,”
327 | Swift,

305 Terns,

274 | Thrush,

308 | Titlark,

99g | Lurnstone,
325 ‘* Twite,”’ .

306 | ‘‘ Wagtails,”’

323 = Pied,

308 | Water-Hen,
298 | Water-Rail,
274 | Wheatear, .
276 | Whimbrel,
276 Whinchat,
276 Whitethroat,
313 Willow Wren,
Woodcock,

3809 | ‘** Wood Warbler,”

274 | Wren,
323 Wryneck,

273

PAGE

323
309
310
311
310
325

309

304
324
318
279
284
284
291
305

317
317
317
286
325
314
298
292
315
316
274
284
297
297
276
300
285
306
328
308

320
276
291
313
300

290
290
310
309
285
320
285
287
288
315
288
290
308

ee,

. 274 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

PEREGRINE FALcon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Mine Head.—November 10th, a Perésrine Falcon observed
close to lighthouse.
Hook Tower.—October 4th, “a pair of Peregrines build on a
cliff about four miles from here; we got the eggs.”
Rockabill_—October 17th, Peregrine hovering at daylight;
strong breeze E., rain.
Tory Island—April 12th, “a Hawk swooped amongst a flock
of Grey Plover, and carried off one” (see under Golden Plover):
13th, Hawk again near station to-day at noon. October 27th,
a large Hawk going S.E. :
fathlin O Birne-—June 17th, one Falcon going S. at noon.
Killybegs—October 24th, one Falcon Hawk remained all day.
Tearaght.—February 15th, Peregrine seen. April 6th, do. at
noon. August 7th, two Peregrines on island. September 9th,
three do. December 31st, two do.

MeEruin (Falco wsalon, Tunstall).

Tuskar.—October 29th, “a beautiful Merlin seen a few days
ago.”
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 27th, Merlin or Hobby
Hawk observed at 4.50 p.m; wind light E., flew round the ship;
seemed inclined to rest, then flew for the land.
Killybegs—November 20th, a Merlin Hawk all day, ap-
parently an old bird.

KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.).

Howth Baily—August 10th, four Kestrels about the station ;
breed on cliffs: 20th, still about station.
Drogheda, N—May 10th, one Kestrel Hawk going N.: 16th,
one do.
Tearaght.—March 27th, a Hawk shot—[Kestrel received in
flesh]. April 8th, Kestrel noted.

SPARROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—March 30th, one at 10 am, October 4th,
Sparrow-Hawk seen chasing Linnets. q

1892] IRISH COAST 275

Drogheda,—June 8th, one going N. October 25th, two about
station.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November 7th, a Hawk on island,
small species (Sparrow-Hawk).

Innishtrahull— April 12th, one Sparrow-Hawk. July 19th,
two do.

Rathlin O Birne—April 3rd, one. May 22nd, one “coursing”
at 8 aM. July 18th, one going S. at noon.

Killybegs—November 20th, two all day.

Tearaght—May 20th, Sparrow-Hawk seen. October 11th,
one going N.: 18th, one on island for two days.

“HAWKS,” Ete.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—May 22nd, one Hawk from
9 p.m. to midnight about light; wind fresh 8.W. (several Sedge
Warblers at same time): 24th, two Hawks about light from
11 p.m. to midnight; wind light S.W., gloomy and rain (also
Sedge Warblers).

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 26th, two Hawks at 3.30 A.M.
about ship; wind light 8.W., fog. August 4th, one going N.W.
at 9 A.M.; wind light N.

Drogheda.—June 19th, one “ Kite” going 8.

Maidens South—September 11th, one “Hawk or Falcon”
going W.; had small bird in talons: 13th, one Hawk (dark
colour) going S.W.

Innmishtrahull—dJanuary 5th, one large Hawk. flying round
island; gale N.W.: 16th, one very large Hawk, with “ white
feathers round eyes,” flying over island at 11 am; gale SE,
gloomy—[Possibly female Hen-Harrier—R. M. B.] August
Ist, a very large Hawk at 4 P.M.

Tory Island—March 31st, one pair Brown Hawks breed on
east end of island.

Arran Island, Ni—December 8th, one Hawk and six Ravens
_ hovering over station, and alighting occasionally on Brannock
Island.

Arran Island, S—September 30th, two Hawks at 4 P.M.;
one rested on cowl of tower, the other attacked a Titlark which
took refuge in coal-house.

Tearaght.—December 31st, “ Hawks here ingely always.”

276 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

Snowy Ow1 (Nyctea scandiaca, Linn.).

Innishtrahull, in lit. 24/3/92—A Snowy Owl was shot on
this island by the principal light-keeper in 1882 or 1883, and
he sent it to the Museum in Dublin (see More’s “ List of Irish
Birds,” second edition, p. 8).

OWLS.

Hook Tower.—October 6th, one Brown Owl at 4 P.M.; wind
fresh N.W.

Howth Baily—October 3rd, a large Owl flying about in the
evening.

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—May 26th, one small bird caught
on deck at 8 A.M.; wind light 8.E., fog; died. [Spotted Fly-
catcher received in flesh. }

MissEL-TuHrusu (Zurdus viscivorus, Linn.). ,

Hook Tower—November 23rd, one Missel-Thrush killed
striking; strong breeze 8.E. [Leg and wing received. ]

TuRusH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 15th, one going W.; wind fresh E.
November 19th, one at 11 p.m. flying round light.

Hook Tower.—October 26th, one killed striking.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 10th, large flocks of Thrushes,
Larks, and Starlings going N. from 7 A.M. to 3 P.M.; wind fresh
N.E., snowstorms. December 13th, several at 10.30 P.M.; six
killed striking.

Larrels Rock Light-ship.— January 10th, great rush of
Thrushes, Starlings, Larks, and other birds going N. during
day ; wind fresh N.E., hail and snow showers.

Tuskar.—September 21st and 22nd, great rush of Thrushes
and other birds (see interesting note under Chiffchaff). October
29th, Thrushes often occur.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—February 19th, two at noon about
ship; gale E.: 20th, several flocks all day going N.W.; strong
gale E., snow: 27th, two flying for shore at 1 P.M.

— a eT

epee we? )' Gees BAC BAD a & at

|

1892] IRISH COAST 277

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 9th, flocks of Thrushes
and Larks going N.W.; wind fresh N.W.: 10th, flocks of
Thrushes and Larks going N.W.; snow: 30th, several Thrushes
about light all night ; one or two killed striking—[Leg and wing
received]. March 20th, several Thrushes and Larks about
light; one killed; wind light N.E., clear—[Leg and wing
received]: 23rd, flock about light from 9.30 P.M. to 10.15 P.M.;
wind moderate N.E., clear; one killed striking—[Leg and wing
received]. October 17th and 18th, several about light; one
killed striking—[Leg and wing received]: 24th, 25th, 26th,
and 27th, Thrushes about light: 29th, November Ist, 18th,
21st, 24th, and 25th, several about light; three killed on 25th
—{Leg and wing received]. December 12th, 13th, and 14th,
flock of Thrushes, Larks, Blackbirds, and Starlings about light
from 7 P.M. to 7 A.M.; wind moderate S.W.; rain and fog, On
14th about eighty birds killed striking; sixteen Thrushes and a
few others picked up on deck, the rest fell overboard. [Leg
and wing of Thrush received, killed on 13th.]

Arklow South Light-ship—January 9th and 11th, flocks going
N.W., snow: 29th, one killed striking at 11.30 pP.M.; wind
moderate S.W., clear: 31st, several at 7.30 A.M. going N.W.,
calm, rain. March 16th, 17th, and 26th, about light during
night; some killed striking. October 29th, various kinds of
birds about light at 1 a.m; fresh breeze S.W., showery; one
killed—[Leg and wing of Thrush received]. December 13th,
numbers of birds about light during night ; wind moderate S.W ,
rain; several killed striking ; three Thrushes found dead.

Arklow North Light-ship—dJanuary 8th, several about light
all night ; wind N.W., snow: 9th and 10th, Thrushes going N.W.
during day. February 19th, Thrushes about ship; snow, strong
breeze E.; “fell into water and were drowned”: 20th, two
rested on ship; strong breeze S.E., snow; went overboard.
March 27th, Thrushes about lantern all night; sleet and snow;
several birds killed: 29th, two about lantern; several birds
killed and went overboard. August 16th, four at 10 p.m. about
lantern; strong breeze N.W., rain; struck, none killed: 17th,
two Thrushes and several small birds at 11 a.m. going S.E.:
21st, several Thrushes, Linnets, and small birds about lantern at
10 P.M,; wind moderate S8.W., fog; two birds killed. September
22nd, several birds about light during night; wind light

278 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

N.E., clear; two struck, one, a Thrush, not killed: 23rd, one
caught and one found dead on deck—[Leg and wing received].
November 11th, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings from 8 P.M.
to midnight about light; wind moderate §., gloomy; numbers
killed striking: 23rd, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings from
7 pM. to midnight about light; wind light, variable, rain;
several killed: 24th, several, with Blackbirds and Larks, about
light.

Codling Bank Lrght-ship.—January 8th, several flocks, with
Starlings, during day going N.W.; strong breeze N.W., snow:
9th, several flocks, with Larks, going N.W.; snow showers: 10th,
several large flocks, with Larks, going N.W.; clear. October
25th, flock at 7 a.M. going N.W.; wind fresh E. November 6th,
one going N.: 11th, 23rd, 24th, and 25th, several (see under
Starling), ;

Howth Boily—March 11th, some at station (see under
Blackbird): 25th, one against lantern glass at 4 a.m. October
17th, one caught on balcony.

Rockabill—September 20th, one killed striking; gale E., rain,
October 17th, one killed striking ; strong breeze E. November
22ud, Thrushes at night (see under Biackbird).

Drogheda, N—January 8th to 10th, great rush 8S. of many
species, including Thrush (see under Golden Plover); heavy
frost and snow.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 8th and 9th, some, with
Blackbirds and Larks, on island in a weak state: 11th and 15th,
several noted. February 24th, some at light: 26th and 27th,
some on island, and some striking at night. March 17th,
Thrushes and other birds striking at night; wind 8., fog: 18th,
some noted on rays of light: 20th, some on island.

Maidens South—January 7th, some going S.E. (see under
Skylark) ; one died on rock: 9th, four going 8.W.; fresh breeze
N., snow. February 10th, one at lantern at 2 aAM.: 21st and
25th,a few going W.: 27th, six at lantern all night; three
killed striking: 28th, one, and one Blackbird and two Larks on
rock; ‘wind light E., clear; went W. at noon: 29th, one at
lantern; went W. at daylight. March 6th, two going 8.W.: 15th,
one at lantern; clear: 16th, one went W.at 10 A.m.: 17th, nine,
with Larks, all night round lantern ;. strong breeze S.E.: 19th,
four at lantern at midnight; fresh breeze S.E.: 25th, some do.

1892] IRISH COAST 279

November 21st, rush of Thrushes, “G. Plover,’ Blackbirds,
and Larks flying round lantern from 7 P.M. to midnight; strong
breeze 8.E.; gloomy: 22nd, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Larks, Green
Plover from 7 p.m. to 9 P.M. flying round lantern; strong breeze
S.E., gloomy (one Woodcock, one Green Plover, one Fieldfare
killed): 23rd, Thrushes, “G. Plover,’ Blackbirds, and Chaf-
finches from 6 P.M. to 2 A.M. flying round lantern ; wind light S. ;
Blackbird caught: 24th, some, in rush of various species (see
under Green Plover). December 4th, some going 8.W.; gale
N., heavy show.

Innishtrahull—January 11th, many on island, with other
birds (see under Snipe). February 27th to 29th, several killed
striking. September 29th, one. October 23rd, a few (see
under Blackbird).

Tory Island. — February 23rd, one struck. March 3rd,
great numbers, with Blackbirds and other birds, striking ;
one Thrush killed: 20th and 21st, great numbers of Thrushes,
Fieldfares, a few Blackbirds and Starling, striking on N.E.
side of lantern from 7 P.M. to 5 AM, some Larks amongst
them. April 9th, Thrushes have all left island. October
27th, two at lantern. November 14th, some, with Black-
birds, at lantern from 4 A.M. to 6.30 A.M.; four Thrushes
struck, one killed; one male Blackbird killed; wind moderate
S.E., rain: 18th, from 8 P.M. to 6 AM. on 19th, a very great

number of Thrushes, Fieldfare, and some Blackbirds round

light; twenty-five Thrushes and two hen Blackbirds picked up
at daylight; strong breeze 8.E., thick, rain: 21st and 22nd
(night and early morning), a great number of birds round light,
some Starlings amongst them.

Arran Island, N—July, about twenty here the greater part
of this month (see under Blackbird).

Arran Island, S——October 15th, five seen; strong breeze N.E.

Tearaght.—January 1st to 10th, great flocks on island; frost
and snow. February 19th and 27th, numbers noted. October
15th, thirty on island; wind moderate E.: 19th, about forty do. ;
wind light E. December 11th, a flock; gale N.W.

REDWING (Zwrdus iliacus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—March 25th to 27th, great rush of birds,
chiefly Starlings; three Redwings killed on 27th.

280 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

_

Tuskar.—September 21st and 22nd, great rush of Thrushes,
Larks, Redwings, Chiffchaffs, Wheatears, Whitethroats, Wag-
tails, Swallows, and Robins (see under Chiffchaff).

Arklow South Light-ship—December 24th, various kinds of
birds about light; one Mountain Thrush killed striking—
[Possibly Redwing]; fresh breeze S.W.

Rockabill—September 20th, one killed striking; gale E,
rain—[Leg and wing received]. October 27th, Redwings all
night; some killed; strong breeze S.; fog. November 18th,
ereat rush of Redwings, Fieldfares, and Starlings going N.;
gale 8., rain. “The greatest flight of birds seen here for the
season.”

Drogheda, N—January 8th, great rush of birds all day going
S.; heavy frost and snow; ten species noted (see under Golden
Plover); one Redwing killed. “This migration continued until
the 10th, when a thaw set in.”

Tory Island —February 29th, one “Mountain Thrush” dis-
abled striking at 5 A.M. [Possibly Redwing]. |

Tearaght.—January 1st to 4th, and 8th, 9th, and 10th, Red-
wings noted; frost and snow. February 20th, some noted.
November 20th, several on island ; strong gale 8.: 25th, several.

FIELDFARE (Z'urdus pilaris, Linn.).

Mine Head.—November 5th, six going S.; wind mee E.
December 20th, flock near lighthouse.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—{January 30th, leg and wing
of Fieldfare received; killed striking. ]

Howth Baily—January 10th, large flock Fieldfares about
station; snow.

Rockabill—_November 18th, Fieldfares, Starlings, and Red-
wings all night going N.; gale S., rain; killed, and mostly all
blown into the sea. “The greatest flight of birds seen for the
season.”

Maidens South—January 8th, one at lantern; gale N.W.,
snowstorm. February 24th, one at lantern. November 22nd,
several species of birds round lantern at night (see under
Thrush); one Fieldfare killed—[Wing received]. December
4th, three going S.W.; snow: 5th, one do.; gale N., heavy
snow.

1892] IRISH COAST 281

Innishtrahull—November 19th and 20th, an enormous
number of Fieldfares striking all night; strong breeze S.E.,
drizzle ; forty-six killed: 21st, Fieldfares striking all night; gale
S.E., drizzle, misty; five killed, two disabled: 22nd, four
killed—[ Leg and wing received on December 27th]; “ Fieldfares
all came from the N., going 8.”

Tory Island.—March 20th and 21st, great numbers of birds,
chiefly Thrushes and Fieldfares, striking on N.E. side. Nov-
ember 18th.and 19th, great rush of Thrushes and Bislevanen;
strong breeze S.E., rain.

BLACKBIRD (Turdus merula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—November 20th, two at 11.30 P.M. going W.;
one disabled.
Hook Tower.—¥ebruary 27th, two at 9 A.M. March 25th to
27th, great rush of Starlings and other birds; three female Black-
birds killed on 27th. October 15th, one female picked up dead—
: [Leg and wing received]: 15th, one at 10 A.M., and some round
light all night: 16th, some noted at 10 aM.; strong breeze
N.E.: 19th, one female killed striking; wind light N.E. [Leg
and wing received]: 26th and 27th, one killed striking.
November 10th, one female all day. [December 22nd, Leg
and wing received, killed striking. |
Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 24th, two Blackbirds at 8 P.M.
flying round; wind fresh E.S.E.: 26th, a few at 8.30 p.m. flying
round; gale S.

Tuskar.—February 21st, flock going S.E.; wind light S.E. ;
Blackbirds common here.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—February 27th, one at 1 P.M. fly-

ing for shore.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 26th, Blackbirds, Star-
lings, Wheatears, and Curlews about lantern; about a hundred
; birds killed striking; wind light S.W. [Leg and wing of
Blackbird received]. [May 22nd, Wing of Blackbird received. |
October 24th, a few about light ; wind light E.; one killed strik-
ing—[Leg and wing received]: 25th, four do.; ‘one killed
striking; clear—[Leg and wing received]. November Ist,
several about light: 24th, flocks. December 12th, 13th, and
14th, rush of Thrushes, Larks, Blackbirds, and Starlings; at

least two Blackbirds killed striking—[Leg and wing received]:
u:

|
|

282 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

24th, flock about light all night; strong ee S.E.; six killed
—|Legs and wings of two received].

Arklow South Light-ship—February 13th, one at 10 Pm.
about light; calm. March 26th, several about light; nine birds
killed ; probably some were Blackbirds. October 17th, Black-
birds and other birds at 7.30 aM.; struck light; wind fresh
N.E., clear—[Legs and wings of two Blackbirds received].
December 13th, numbers of birds during night; one Blackbird
and three Thrushes killed striking: 14th, one found on deck
killed: 17th, several birds of various kinds about light during
night ; wind fresh 8.W., light haze; one Blackbird killed: 24th,
various kinds of birds about light; one Blackbird and one
“Mountain Thrush” killed striking; fresh breeze S.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 18th, two at 8 aM.; flew
towards land at noon. March 27th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Curlew about lantern all night; sleet and snow, wind N.E.;
several birds killed. November 11th, numbers, with Thrushes
and Starlings—[Leg and wing received]: 18th, two about light ;
one hen killed striking—T[ Leg and wing received]: 23rd, numbers
(see under Thrush): 24th, several Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds,
and Starlings about light; wind light variable, rain; one or
two hen Blackbirds killed striking; several birds fell over-
board: 25th, several from 9 P.M. to midnight; one hen killed
striking.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—November 11th, 23rd, 24th, and
25th, several, with Starlings and Thrushes, about light each
night ; wind light and moderate S. and 8.S.W. [Legs and wings
of three Blackbirds received, killed striking on 9th, 10th,
and 25th. |

Howth Baily—March 11th, Blackbirds and Thrushes at
station; frost and snow. October 3rd, two young Blackbirds
about the banks. November 19th, one caught against glass.

Rockabill.September 21st, one killed striking; wind light
E. October 2nd, several all day and night; one killed strik-
ing—[Leg and wing received]: 27th, some all night; strong
breeze S., fog—[Legs and wings of two received]. November
9th, several, with Starlings, all night hovering; some disabled;
wind §S., rain: 22nd, several Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings,
and Larks all night; some disabled and killed; wind fresh S,W.
[Leg and wing of Blackbird received. ]

$
‘
4
i

4

1892] IRISH COAST 283

Drogheda, N—January 8th, great rush all day going S., with
nine other species (see under Golden Plover).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 4th, 5th, and 6th, several
all day, remaining: 8th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, etc., all day,
remaining ; some very weak; strong gale N.E., severe snow-
storm: 9th, some Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks on island
in a weak state: 10th, 11th, 15th, 17th, and 22nd, February
Srd, 10th, and 17th, Blackbirds noted: 24th, birds round
light all night, including Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings:
26th and 27th, March 5th, 10th, 17th, 18th, 20th, and 25th,
some noted. April 3rd, several pairing. October 18th and
19th, some on island. November 23rd, some on island all
day.

Maidens South—January 7th, Blackbirds, with Larks and
other species, going 8.E.; gale N.W to N.: 9th, one going 8.W.;
snow. February 27th, three at lantern: 28th, one; wind light
E., clear. March 19th, two (cock and hen) caught on balcony
at 10 p.m.; fresh breeze S.E.; let go in the morning, and flew
S.; others at lantern: 20th, one caught on balcony; let go at
daylight ; flew §8.: 25th, some at lantern; one caught. November
2nd, one going §.; gale S.E.: 21st and 22nd, rush of Thrushes,
Blackbirds, and other birds: 23rd, some, with Thrushes and
other birds, round lantern; one caught; let go and flew W.:
24th, rush of Blackbirds, Plover, etc., from 7 P.M. to 11 P.M.;
wind fresh S.E., gloomy. December 4th and 5th, some going
S.W.; snow.

Innishtrahull—January 11th, numbers of Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Snipe; wind moderate N.N.W. February 27th
to 29th, several striking, with Thrushes and Larks; some killed.
September 30th, two on island. October 25rd, four, and seven
Thrushes, on island; strong breeze N., snow; fresh arrivals.
November 19th and 20th, five striking, three killed: 22nd,
some striking all night, one killed; gale E.

Tory Island—F¥ebruary 26th, one male at _ station.
March 2nd, female killed striking: 3rd and 4th, midnight to
5.30 A.M., great numbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Skylarks,
and Starlings striking lantern; some disabled, one Thrush
killed; wind light S.E., gloomy: 20th and 21st, a few, with
many Thrushes. April 9th, Blackbirds have all left island.
November 14th, some, with Thrushes, at lantern: 18th to 19th,

284 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

-
rush of Thrushes and Fieldfares, with some Blackbirds; two
hen Blackbirds killed.

Arran Island, N.i—April, six going towards Clare at 5 P.M;
wind light W., foggy; two killed striking. July, some Black-
birds and Thrushes here the greater part of the month; a flock
_ of about sixty—[Some error here, perhaps Missel-Thrushes|—
seen on the 14th and 20th, going in the direction of Slyne
Head.

Arran Island, S—October 31st, two struck light; they
breed here.

Tearaght—January 5th to 10th, numbers ; frost and snow:
17th, a number. February 19th and 27th, some. April 6th,
five going E. at 8 am. [November 15th, Leg and wing of
Blackbird received, killed striking.] December 1st, flock on
island: 11th, some do. ; gale N.W.

RinG-OvzeEL (Lurdus torquatus, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 9th, one “black bird with
a large white ring round his neck about an inch thick; he was
about the size of a Blackbird; never saw one like it before; he
rested and flew to S.W.” 3

Killybegs—November 30th, one Ring-Ouzel, “an old bird
I think,” going S. at 1 p.m; fresh breeze N.W.

HEDGE SPARROW (Accentor moduiaris, Linn.).

Howth Baily.—December 14th, one observed.

Tearaght—January 15th and February 25th, numbers of
Hedge Sparrows noted. [March 13th, Hedge Sparrow caught;
received in flesh.] May 15th, four going 8. at 6 P.M.; strong
breeze N.W. September 28th, two on island. October 18th,
four do. December 25th, a number; wind light E.

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 21st and 22nd, great rush of Robins,
with Thrushes, Larks, Redwings, Chiffchaffs, Wheatears, White-
throats, Wagtails, Swallows, and other birds (see under Chiff-
chaff); wind moderate E., gloomy.

Howth Baily—May 26th, one struck lantern at 11.50 P.M.,
and was caught on balcony.

1892] IRISH COAST 285

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 24th, “a Robin Redbreast
has been on island for several weeks.”

Maidens South—August 24th, one on rock all day; wind
light N.

Innishtrahull.—September 23rd, one at lantern at 3 AM.,
killed ; wind moderate S., gloomy.

Tearaght.—April 30th, one Robin Redbreast at 10 a.M.; wind
moderate 8.

,

STONECHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew), Island.—April 3rd, a few “Stone-chatters ”
pairing.

Maidens South—August 23rd, two Stonechats on rock all
day; wind light N.: 24th, five do.: 28th, two do. September
11th and 20th, two. December 5th, three going S.W. at 10 a.M.;
gale N.W., heavy snow.

Innishtrahull—January 10th, four on island at 11 A.M.; gale
N.E.: [14th, one received in flesh ; shot].

Rathlin O Birne-—June 3rd, ten on island.

Killybegs. —January 10th, “ five small birds caught in crib ”—
[Five Stonechats received]. October 4th, one; “very late in
the year to see one of these birds here.”

Tearaght.—February 20th, a number. April 25th, twenty
at 8 AM.; wind light N.W. August 2nd, some on island.
November 10th, several.

WHINCHAT (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.),

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—May 25th, several “small
birds” about light from midnight to 3 A.M.; wind moderate
S.W.; one killed striking. [Leg and wing of Whinchat
received. |

WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—March 19th, one at 10 A.M.; first seen; fresh
breeze S.E., blue sky: 25th, Wheatears, with. Larks, about
lantern at night; great rush of birds at this time, chiefly

: Starlings; one Wheatear picked up dead next mornine—
[Leg and wing received]. June 18th, one. September 22nd,
| two, and one Swallow, at lantern at 8 p.M.: 24th, one at light,

286 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

.

Tuskar.—April 29th, great rush of birds, including Wheat-
ears, this night (see under Willow Wren)—[Leg and wing of
Wheatear received]. September 21st and 22nd, great rush of
Wheatears and other birds (see under Chiffchaff). [Wheatear
received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship,—March 25th, Wheatears about
light all night; wind light S.W.; one killed striking: 26th,
about a hundred birds killed striking; Curlew, Starling,
Blackbird, and Wheatear noted—[Leg and wing of Wheatear
received]. May 10th, one.

Arklow North Light-ship.—t[September 29th, Vihear re-
ceived in flesh, killed striking. ]

Codling Bank Light-ship.—May 5th, two during day.

Howth Baily—March 25th, first observed this year. August
19th, small bird, like Wheatear, flying about inside lantern.
September Ist, Wheatears against glass from 1.30 Am. till
morning: 28th, a few still about the station.

fockabull.September 20th, Wheatear all night; gale E.,
rain,

Drogheda, N.—April 28th, two; first seen this season. May
5th and 10th, numbers all day about rabbit-warren ; Wheatears
observed more or less every day since April 28th. “I think
these birds are breeding in rabbit-holes, as I saw several go in.”
Several young Wheatears about warren towards end of June
and in July.

Innishtrahuil—April 8th, two; first arrival; wind light
S.E.: 24th, four. September 18th, five on lantern glass at
2 AM.; two killed striking; fresh breeze W.

Tory Island—April 9th, two: 10th, in pairs on island:
13th, numerous to-day.

Rathlin O Birne.—March 11th, seven at noon; wind light §.E.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Mine Head.—October 15th, one Thrush and three Sedge
Warblers at 8.30 P.M.; kept flying round the light.

Hook Tower.—May 5th, one Sedge Warbler and one Willow
Wren killed at lantern; fresh breeze N.E.: 24th, two killed
striking ; wind 8.E., fog and rain—{ Received in flesh]: [29th,
Sedge Warbler received in flesh, killed striking]. August 22nd,
one at 11.30 p.M.; gale S.E.: 23rd, one caught at lantern at

;

1892] IRISH COAST 287

11.30 p.m.; wind light S.E. [Received in flesh]. September
25rd, one killed striking.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 17th, four about lght
from 11 P.M. to midnight: 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, several about
light; four killed striking on 23rd; wind moderate 8.W. [Leg
and wing received. |

Arklow South Light-ship—May 23rd, one “Wren” about
light at 2 a.m.; killed; wind light 8.W., clear. [Sedge Warbler
received int flesh. ]

Arklow North Lighi-ship.—May 23rd, one small bie at 4 P.M.
on deck; caught, and died; wind fresh S.W., fog. [Sedge
Warbler received in flesh. |

Howth Baily.—[May 24th, two Sedge Warblers received in
flesh, killed striking. |

Maidens South—May 23rd, one killed striking at 2 AM.;
wind §.W., gloomy—[Received in flesh]. August 24th, one
“Warbler” on rock all day; killed at 1 a.M.; wind light N.

GRASSHOPPER’ WARBLER (Locustella nevia, Bodd.).

Hook Tower.— May 5th, “Sedge Warbler” (supposed) picked
up on balcony. [Grasshopper Warbler received in flesh. ]

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Hook Tower—May 24th, four killed striking ; wind S.E., fog
and rain. [One received in flesh.]

Tuskar, — April 29th, great rush of birds, chiefly Willow
Wrens; one supposed Whitethroat sent, killed striking—
[Received in fiesh]. September 23rd—[Whitethroat received
in flesh|—(see under Chiffchaff).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—[May 23rd, Leg and wing of
Whitethroat received, killed striking.]

Arklow North Light-ship—May 25th, one small bird at 9 A.M.
dead on deck. [Whitethroat received in flesh.]

Howth Baiiy—April 5th, “a little bird like a Whitethroat
observed at noon ; small birds in rays of light during preceding
night.” May 24th—[Whitethroat received in flesh, killed
striking].

Maidens South—April 27th, one at 3 A.M., killed striking.

Innishtrahuil.—May 28th, three birds killed; one caught at

288 MIGRATION OF BIRDS . [1892
>

glass; sent—[Leg and wing of Whitethroat received.] “One
or two Whitethroats are seen here, but they are scarce.”

BiackeaP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

Maidens South.—[May 23rd, Blackeap received in flesh.]

Innishtrahull.September 27th, a small bird, and leg and
wing of another sent, both caught at lantern. [Willow Wren
received in flesh, with leg and wing of Blackcap.|

“Woop WARBLER.”

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 10th, one “ Wood Warbler”
at 9.45 A.M. on ship; calm, light haze.

WILLow WR:EN (Phyiloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April. 28th, one Willow Wren caught at
lantern; strong breeze 8. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren
received]: 29th, a “Chiffchaff” caught at glass at 3.30 AM;
wind light S.E., rain—[ Willow Wren received in flesh]. May
5th, one killed at lantern: 8th, one picked up on balcony,
[Received in flesh.]

Tuskar.—April 29th, “great rush of Chiffchaffs, Wheatears,
and [Bullfinches?—R. M. B.] at night; the first-named very
numerous; looked like a snow shower in the rays of light.”
“Leg and wing of Chiffchaff sent.” [Leg and wing of. Willow
Wren received. |

Lucifer Shoals Lrght-ship—April 27th, several “Sally-
pickers” at midnight (one in lantern); wind fresh N.E.;
left for the shore.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 20th and 21st, “Sedge
Warblers” about light; wind fresh 8.W., rain; one killed
striking—[Leg and wing of Willow Wren received]: 23rd,
“Wrens” about light all night; wind light S.W., rain—{ Leg
aud wing of Willow Wren received, killed striking]. August
7th, one “small bird” found dead on deck at 8 a.M.; wind light
S.E., rain—[Leg and wing of Willow Wren received]: 29th,
one unknown bird found dead on deck at 8 a.M.; wind fresh
S.W., rain. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren received. |

Arklow South Lnght-ship—April 10th, one Sallypicker at

}
;

1892} IRISH COAST 289

9 aM. going N.W. May 12th, one Sallypicker about ship
during day.

Howth Baily—August 24th, small birds round lantern ;
Willow Wren caught against glass—[Leg and wing received].
Great many moths flying through rays and against glass ;
wind N.W., drizzling rain.

Maidens South.—[May 14th, Legs and wings of Willow Wren
received, killed striking. ]

Innishtrahull—September 27th, a small bird, and leg and
wing of another sent, both caught on light. [Willow Wren
received in flesh, and leg and wing of Blackcap.|

CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Hook Tower.—September 23rd, one Sedge Warbler and one
Chiffchaff killed striking; wind light 8.W. [Leg and wing of
Chiffchaff received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—March 25th, flock of “Sally-
pickers” about ship at 6 A.M.; wind light.

Tuskar.—[September 23rd, Chiffchaff received in flesh. “ We
had a great rush of birds here during the last two nights,
Thrushes, Larks, Redwings, Chiffchaffs, Wheatears, Whitethroats,
Wagtails (I have very seldom seen the latter flying round
light), Swallows, and Robins; wind moderate E., gloomy.” |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 24th, three “Golden
Wrens” about light from 8 p.m. to daylight; wind light N.E.;
one killed striking. [Leg and wing of Chiffchaff received. |

LInnishtrahull—[April 26th, Leg and wing of Chiffchaff
received ; caught at lantern. ]

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Mine Head.—November 10th, one struck at 8 P™M., not
killed. December 20th, one.

Tuskar.—February 24th, “Firecrest” at 2 P.M. on rock;
wind light S.E., misty.

Arklow South Light-ship—September 4th, one “Golden
Wren” at 11 AM. about ship; wind light N.W.

Maidens South March 25th, one “Golden Wren” at lantern.

-Innishtrahull—March 22nd, a bird caught on the light at
10 p.M.; wind light, N.; never seen here before, supposed to be
a Firecrest. [Golden-crested Wren received in flesh. ]

290 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

WreN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 25th, one Wren at 9 AM.
about ship.

Tuskar—January 21st, Wren all day on rock; wind light
N.W., clear.

Rockabili.—October 17th, a Wren noted.

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 10th, a Wren on island.
March 5th, 18th, 20th, and October 19th, do.

Maidens South.—March 20th, one on rock at 7 A.M.; wind
fresh S.E. May 7th, one all day.
— Tearaght—F¥ebruary 15th, a number noted. April 30th, five.
July 20th, Wrens noted.

Prep Wacrain (Motacilla lugubris, Temminck),

Tuskar—September 23rd, one “ White Wagtail” sent in
flesh—[Pied Wagtail received ?] Great rush of birds during
last two nights (see under Chiffchaff), including Wagtails. “I
have very seldom seen the latter flying round light. I heard
from one of the men who was on shore, that the roofs of our
dwellings were covered with Wagtails for a couple of days last
week.”

“ WAGTAILS.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 17th, one at 5 P.M, about
ship; wind light S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 4th and 8th, one going N. W.
at 1 P.M.

Arklow North Inght-ship.—May 8th, Water Wagtail about
ship at 9.30 a.M.; haze.

Howth Baily.—September 21st, one perched on railing in
the morning, seemed tired. October 8th, one near station:
18th, one.

Drogheda, N.—October 25th, seven Water Wagtails going
S.W.; wind light E., clear and frosty.

Maidens South.—February 24th, one on rock for an hour;
flew N.E. October 4th, two going W. at 11 aM.

Tory Istand—February 23rd, one at station since 20th; only
one seen on island. March 18th, three on island; “ never come
near light; one of these is as dark in colour as a Swallow, and

1892] IRISH COAST 291

but that he is with other Wagtails, one would doubt as to what
heis”: 20th, three, including black one, on island. April 14th,
two at station at 8.15 A.M.; snow.

Rathlin O’Birne-—April 24th, one all day on island. June
14th, one do.
- Arran Island, N.—February, three noted; one disabled
striking.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 21st and 22nd, great rush of birds (see
under Chiffchaff). [Meadow Pipit received. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 10th, one “ small bird ”
dead on deck at 11 a.M.; wind fresh N.E., snow showers—{ Leg
and wing of Titlark received]. October 17th, “Larks about
light at night; wind light N.E.; one killed striking.” [Leg and
wing of Titlark received. |

Arklow South Light-ship—March 21st, two going N.W.
September 11th, one going 8.W.: 21st, several at 9 P.M. about
light; wind light N.E.: 22nd, a flock going N.W. at 10 A.M.;
wind light E.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 9th, one caught alive on
deck.

Maidens South.—August 19th, two all day. November 16th
to 26th, one or two at intervals.

Innishtrahull.—< Several_on island all the year.”

Tory Island.— Titlarks are always to be seen at station.”

Rathlin O Birne—« Titlarks at all times.”

Arran Island, S—September 30th, Titlark attacked by
Hawk; took refuge in coal-house.

Tearaght.—January 1st to 7th, and 26th, Titlarks noted.
April 6th, some going E. July 20th, “there are a few on
island all the summer.” October 18th, Titlarks chasing Mealy
Redpole (see under Mealy Redpole). December 17th, flock on
island ; fresh breeze S.

Rock-Pipir (Anthus obscurus, Lath.).

Innishtrahull.—December 7th, one “killed at glass”; wind
light N.E., showery: [27th, Rock-Pipit received in flesh in
spirits, got by one of the islanders].

Tearaght.—April 20th, twenty at 9 a.m.

292 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
_

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— February 8th, large flocks of Larks and
“Tinnets”: 26th, one killed striking; wind light 8.E., overcast
—{Leg and wing received]—(see also under Starling). March
25th, Wheatears, Larks, Starlings, and Blackbirds about lantern
at 10 p.M.; wind light E., gloomy; one Wheatear, Lark, and
Starling picked up dead next morning; great rush of birds at
this time (see under Starling)—[Leg and wing of Skylark
received, killed striking]: [27th, Leg and wing of Skylark
received, killed striking]. September 21st, Larks, some killed
—[Leg and wing of Skylark received, killed striking]. Noy-
ember 10th, one Lark killed striking.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 9th, two “ Larks” lighted on
ship at 10 a.M.; wind fresh N.E.: 10th, large flocks Thrushes,
Larks, and Starlings from 7 a.m. to 3 P.M. going N.; wind N.E.,
snow showers: 12th, five Larks at 5 p.m. lighted on ship; wind
light N.E.; flew for the land at daylight. October 13th, two
Larks at 10 a.m. flying for land; wind fresh N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 10th, great rush, principally
Starlings, Linnets, Larks, and Thrushes, going N. (see under
Starling).

Tuskar.—[September 23rd, Skylark received in flesh (see
under Chiffchaff). ]

Blackwater Bank Lrght-ship—January 9th, flocks of Larks
going N.W.; wind fresh N.W.: 10th, flocks going N.W.; wind
fresh N.E., snow: 18th and 19th, flock all night about light ;
one killed: 30th, several about light all night. February 27th,
several about light at night; three killed striking—[Leg and
wing of Skylark received]. March 16th, several about light
from 9 pM. to 11.380 P.M, when it cleared, and the birds left:
20th, “several Larks and Thrushes about light; wind light
N.E., clear; one killed striking.” October 13th, 14th, and
18th, Larks about light: 25th, Larks about light; wind fresh
E., clear; one killed striking— [Leg and wing of Sky-
lark ‘received]: 26th, Larks, Starlmg, and Thrushes about
light from 1 Am. to 6 AM.; wind light S.E.; many killed;
flocks of Larks from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. going N.W.: 27th, four
about light: 30th, flock of Larks going N.N.W. at 10 a.m.; wind
light W., clear. November 6th and 8th, flocks going N.; clear:

1892] IRISH COAST 293

15th, 18th, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, flocks about light. December
12th, 13th, and 14th, rush of birds ; numbers killed (see under
Thrush). [Legs and wings of three Larks received, killed strik-
ing on November 15th and 22nd and December 13th. Sky-
larks and Titlarks are both probably meant by Lark at this
station (see under Titlark, October 17th).]

Arklow South Light-ship—January 11th, 18th, 19th, 20th,
23rd, 24th, 25th, and 29th, “ Larks” noted going N.W. and about
lantern ; wind variable: 31st, several going N.W. February
4th and 19th, March Ist, 4th, 18th, 19th, 22nd, 24th, and 26th,
Larks noted. October 15th and 27th, one noted: 28th, two
“Larks” all day about ship. November 12th,two Larks going
N.E. December 16th, one “Linnet” found on deck at 7.30 A.M.
[Leg and wing of Skylark received. |

Arklow North Light-ship—January 6th, many flocks at 2 P.M.
going N.W.; wind N.W.; “three about the deck”: 8th, several
about lantern all night; wind N.W., snow; “two killed and
two caught on deck”: 9th, two Skylarks died on deck: 10th,
“Larks” going N.W. February 15th and 17th, one about ship:
19th, several about ship from noon to 5 P.M.; strong breeze E.,
snow; “Skylarks fell into water and were drowned”: 27th,
several about ship. September 20th, one caught on deck
between 1 p.M.and2Pp.M. November 24th, several, with Black-
birds and other birds, about light.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 8th, several about light ;
snow showers: 9th, several flocks, with Thrushes, going N.W.;
strong breeze N.E.; Skylark killed and eaten by Gull (see
under Gulls); four Thrushes, six Skylarks, and one Grey
Linnet about ship; gale N., clear: 10th, several large flocks of
Larks and Thrushes during day going N.W.; wind moderate
N.E.: 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th, Skylarks noted; several
flocks: 21st, one Skylark at 10.30 a.m. close to ship; killed and
eaten by Gulls. April 3rd, two Larks on ship. October 25th,
seven at 11 aM. going N.W. November 10th, several flocks
from 10 A.M. to 11 A.M. going in various directions.

Rockabill.—September 21st, some at 9 P.M. killed; wind light
E., misty: 22nd, large flocks all night; several killed; wind
light E. October 3rd, several all night; many killed; wind
light S.W. November 22nd, Larks and other birds all night;
wind fresh S.W.; some disabled and killed—[Leg and wing of

294 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

Skylark received]: 23rd, some, with Starlings and other birds,
all night.

Drogheda, N.—January 8th, great rush all day (see under
Golden. Plover).

South Rock Light-ship—January 17th, one: 18th, several
about lantern from 8 P.M. to midnight: 20th, several about
lantern from 8 P.M. to midnight; wind light 8.W.: 21st, two
killed. [Legs and wings of two Skylarks received. |]

Copeland (Mew) Island.— January 9th, some on island in
a weak state: 10th and 11th, several. February 26th, several
Larks killed striking; wind light S.E., misty. March 18th,
some in rays of light: 24th, Larks and Starlings striking all
night; wind light W.; none killed: 25th, two striking. [Leg
and wing of Skylark received. |

Maidens South—January 7th, “about a hundred Larks, and
some Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, Tits, and six Plover, going
S.E. noon to 4 P.m.; gale N.W. to N., snow; three Tits (Tit-
larks?) and one Thrush perished on rock”: 8th, six killed
striking; strong gale N.W., snowstorm: 9th and 18th, a few
noted: 19th, two killed striking: 24th, three going S.W.
February 11th, five going W.: 27th, six killed striking; wind
moderate E.: 28th, two on rock: 29th, three at lantern; went
W. at daylight. March 6th and 16th, a few going 8.W.: 17th,
some, with Thrushes, round lantern: 18th, 19th, 20th, and
25th, a few Larks; one killed striking on 19th; one caught
on 20th. April 2nd, fifteen going W.; wind light 8.: 3rd,
Larks at lantern; fog. September 20th, two killed striking;
wind light N.E., clear: 21st, four at lantern. October 3rd,
five killed striking. November 16th, one, and one Starling,
caught: 21st and 22nd, rush of birds, including Lark (see
under Thrush): 24th, rush of Larks and other birds (see under
Green Plover): 25th, four going W. December 4th and 5th,
Larks going S.W.; snow; one killed striking.

Innishtrahull—February 27th to 29th, several Skylarks,
Blackbirds, and Thrushes striking glass; some killed. May 13th,
six killed striking at midnight. September 3rd, eight at 4 A.M.;
three struck, not killed; gale N.: 12th, ten on lantern at 1.30
AM.; wind light S.W. “Skylarks breed on island.” November
19th and 20th, nine striking at night; five killed. December
17th, two killed striking; gale S.W.: 19th, three killed

’ +. }
weiss et. ae

‘
;
:

1892] “IRISH COAST 295

striking; wind light 8.: 24th, three at 2 A.M. on glass; not
injured.

- Tory Island—March 3rd and 4th, rush of Larks and other
birds (see under Blackbird): 17th, Larks plentiful at station
and on island to-day: 20th and 21st, great numbers of birds,
chiefly Thrushes, striking on N.E, side; some Larks amongst
them: 29th, large flocks going S.W.; numerous on island.
April 10th, plentiful: 13th, in pairs, numerous. November
14th, Larks and Starlings at lantern from 4 A.M. to 6.30 A.M.,
and from 6 P.M. to 9 P.M.; several Starlings struck, none killed:
23rd, large flocks all day going S.W.; wind light S., haze; two
struck at midnight.

Rathlin O' Birne.-—March 2nd, nine noted. May 8th, eight.

Killybegs.—October 10th, a number going E. at 10 A.M.: 27th,
two killed striking; wind light S.E. November 9th, a few
going N.E.

Tearaght.—April 25th, ‘three “Larks” at 8 AM. October
27th, five Skylarks on island—[Leg and wing of Skylark
received, shot]. “There are only four or five on island; they
were together.”

Snow Bontine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Mine Head—December 4th, two going 8.; strong breeze
N.W., snow showers.

Hook Tower.—March 8th, flocks from beginning of January,
with Starlings and other birds. December 5th, a flock; wind
fresh N.E.; first seen since spring.

Tuskar.—October 29th, Snow Bunting killed striking; first
seen this year. [Leg and wing received. |

Innishtrahull—September 4th, a very large flock at 2 P.M.;
wind light N.W. “Large flock on island all winter.’ October
24th, two struck, one killed, at 11 P.M.; wind light N., snow.
[Leg and wing received November 9th, killed striking. ]

Tory Island.—F¥ebruary 16th, flock all day; wind N., snow:
20th and 21st, flocks on island: 28th, to March 2nd, numbers
about: 13th, they have left station: 17th, one female caught,
supposed to have been hurt during night: 19th, large numbers;
“do not seem as light in colour as those up to 13th of month”:
22nd, flock going S.E.: 25th, a flock, light in colour, same as
those here up to 13th; one or two were nearly white. October

296 MIGRATION OF BIRDS _ [1892

:
24th, one; first seen: 27th, ten going 8.E. at noon. November
25rd, some.

Rathlin O’Birne.—February 6th, two all day; fresh breeze
S.W.

Killybegs.— October 10th, one male at station: 11th, two,
male and female: 21st, a few. November 14th, “sixty Bunt-
ings” going 8. at noon, mostly young birds; wind light N.W.:
20th, flock going S.; strong gale §.E.

Arran Island, S—October 7th, two on wall at 1 P.M.; strong
breeze N.W.

Tearaght.—September 20th, six on island; went next day:
25th, two at noon; wind light W.; left at once. October 30th,
two. November 10th, five. December 21st, five.

Corn Bontine (Emberiza miliaria, Linn.).

Innishtrahull._l December 27th, Leg and wing of Corn Bunt-
ing received. |

YELLOw Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 7th, two Yellowhammers
noted.

Tory Island.—March 15th, four Yellowhammers on island
—two male, two female; wind light S.E., clear; first seen on
island for past twelve months. April 13th, two on road.

Rathlin O Birne.—April 26th, some all day on island; wind
light N.W.

CHAFFINCH (Pringilla celebs, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 18th, one; wind light N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—February 10th, one on board all day;
wind light N., clear. March 17th, about thirty at 2 Pm.
April 9th, one on ship; wind light N.E.: 26th, one do.;
“appeared weary”; wind light N.W. September 22nd, one
killed striking; wind light EK. October 18th, three at noon on
ship ; went for the land; wind moderate N.E.: 14th and 17th,
“Finches ” noted with Starlings: 27th, “ Finches.”

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—October 23rd, one caught at
3 pM. [Leg and wing received]: 26th, two on ship. November
2nd, two at 4 P.M. on ship: 8th, two going N.

1892] IRISH COAST 297

Arklow South Light-ship—March 21st, one about ship, at
4pm.: 30th, one do. April 1st, three going N.E.: 3rd, one do.:
5th, one about ship: 7th, one going N.W. at 11.30 am.
November 11th, two about ship.

: Arklow North Light-ship—November 5th and 6th, one on
deck: 10th, one dead on deck. [Leg and wing received. ]

Codling Bank Light-ship—Apvril 4th, two in ship: 7th, one
do. May 2nd, two going N.E. November 1st, two rested for
fifteen minutes; went N.W.: 5th, two about ship: 6th, several
at 10 a.m.: 7th, one going N.W.: 23rd, one about ship.

Howth Baily.—October 28th, one against glass at 9 P.M.
November 10th and 15th, some about station.

Rockabill—October 24th, one at midnight killed striking ;
strong breeze N., clear. [Leg and wing received. ]

Drogheda, N.—January 8th, flocks, with other birds, going 5.
all day; ten species noted (see under Golden Plover).

Maidens South.—February 25th, two going W. March 18th,
three on rock; went W. April 6th, two. November 23rd,
five during day going S.W.; fresh breeze S.E., gloomy; some
also at lantern during night: 26th, one; went W. December
4th, five going S.W. at 8 a.m.; strong breeze N.W., snow: 5th,
three do.

Tory Island.—March 20th, 22nd, and 24th, male Chaffinch
at station. April 11th, 13th, and 14th, one at station: 17th,
three going S.E.; wind light N. October 27th, one disabled at
lantern; fresh breeze S.W., rain. November 22nd, five to
twenty in flocks round station all day: 23rd, some do.

Tearaght.—January 17th and February 20th, numbers noted.
September 20th, two on island. October 26th and 27th, some
on island; gale S,W.; “remained some time.” November Ist,
flock on island; one shot—[Leg and wing received]. December
7th, flocks on island.

“TREE SPARROW.”

Tearaght.—October 28th, one Tree Sparrow on island; wind
S. November 1st, one do.; strong breeze S.

Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 12th, one House Sparrow at 9 a.M.; first

observed; wind light E.
U

298 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

>
Drogheda, Ni—June 2nd, numbers all day about station ;
wind W.; “first seen about here since winter months.”
. Maidens South—April 10th, two at 8 A.M. on roof of house;
went E.; fresh breeze N.E.

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Howth Baily October 29th, one struck lantern at 7.30 P.M.,
and was caught on balcony.

Drogheda, N.—January 8th, some, with numbers of other
birds, going S. all day (see under Golden Plover).

Tearaght.—January 26th, numbers ; strong breeze S.W.

GoLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Hook Tower—November 9th, one picked up dead. [Received
in flesh. ]

Killybegs—November 11th, ten going S. at 11 AM; wind
light S., clear; “the largest number ever seen together.”

Siskin (Carduelis spinus, Linn.).

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 3rd, one.
Drogheda, N.—June 12th, two at 7 P.M, in Mornington Biante
wood; wind fresh N.E.

MEALY REDPOLE (Linota linaria, Linn.).

Tearaght—September 25th, two “ Redcaps” shot on island ;
they were together, clinging to little weeds, picking the seed;
wind moderate W., gloomy—[Two Mealy Redpoles received in
flesh]: 26th, one by itself, shot—{ Received in flesh]. October
18th, two Mealy Redpoles observed at 9 A.M.; wind light E.,
blue sky; one shot “while perched on a little rock after being
chased all over the island by Titlarks; these Redpoles were of
a greyer or lighter colour than those shot on September 25th
—CHARLES HAWKINS ;” wind light E. [Received in flesh. No
apparent difference in colour.—R. M. B.]: 28th, two Redpoles
on island in the morning; wind moderate to strong S., misty.

LINNET. (Linota cannabina, Linn.).

Hook Fower.—February 8th, large flocks, with Larks, all day;
wind light N.W. [March 27th, Wing received; killed striking. ]

:
;
é
,
;

1892] IRISH COAST 299

From July 14th small numbers seen about. October 4th, flock
at 11 A.M. chased by Sparrow-Hawk.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— March 17th, about twenty-five at
11 A.M. going N.W.; wind light S8.W. April 3rd, one on ship.
October 23rd, large numbers at 10 A.M. going for the land; wind
light N.W.: 26th, half a dozen going N.E.; strong breeze §. ;
“looked dead beat; saw the Gulls killing some”: 27th, 30th,
and 31st, several flocks going N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— January 10th, rush of birds,
principally Starlings, Linnets, Larks, Thrushes, etc., going N.
March 17th, one at 6 P.M. about ship; fog.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 19th, one about ship ;
flew N.: 21st, two going N.W. May 9th, two noted. October
25th, flock going N.W.; wind fresh E. November 11th, three
about light. December 11th, one dead on deck at 4 P.M.; fresh
breeze N.W., clear. [Leg and wing received.]

Arklow North Light-ship—August 21st, some, and some
Thrushes, about lantern.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 9th, one caught; gale N.
November 1st, flock going N.W.: 5th and 6th, one Linnet noted :
9th, one about ship. ,

Howth Baily —November 10th and 15th, some about station.

Rockabill— October 17th, one caught at night; strong breeze
K., rain.

Drogheda, N.—January 8th, flocks, with other birds, going S
all day (see under Golden Plover).

Maadens South.—April 3rd, one going 8.W. N ovember 23rd,
three going 8.W. December 4th, three do.; snow: 21st, three
going S.W.

Tory Island.—April 10th, large flocks of Grey Linnets going
S.E. from 8 AM. to 10 A.M.; wind light E.; four flocks observed
coming in from W. and flying S.E. to mainland; some flocks
settled on island: 11th, flocks round station up to 9 a.m: 13th,
flock going S.E. at 9 A.M.; fresh breeze N.E., hail (“I think I
never saw a Grey Linnet strike lantern”): 17th, flocks round
station. October 27th, six at 8 A.M.; wind = S.W.: 28th, a
flock. [Possibly Twites.—R. M. By]

Arran Island, N.— March, ten noted; snow. June, “no
birds seen on island this month save a flock of Linnets, which
were here for several days, August, on island almost every

300 _ MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

_
day this month. October 18th, twenty going N.; wind light
E., fogey ; eight struck glass and were disabled.

Arran Island, S—September 5th, twenty perched on wall at
9a.M.; fresh breeze 8.W.; first flock observed: 22nd, immense
flock going N.E. at 10 a.M.; wind light E. ; “apparently coming
from inland.” October 17th, very plentiful.

Tearaght.—February 19th, a number; strong breeze E.;
snow. May 10th, ten at 4 PM.; wind light S. July 20th,
four going S.E. September 28th, a number on island; wind
N.E. October 18th, several. November 20th, and December
7th, 17th, and 31st, some.

TwitE (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

Killybegs—January 10th, a “Grey Linnet” sent —[Twite
received]. October 8th, twenty-seven Twites going E. at
10 a.m.; fresh breeze N.W.; apparently young birds: 10th,
flocks going E. at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze N.: 11th and 21st,
flocks going E.

“ BULLFINCH.”

Hook Tower.—January 10th, one at 3 P.M.; wind fresh N.E.

Tuskar.—April 29th, great rush of “ Chiffchaffs, Wheatears,
and Bullfinches.” [No Bullfinch has ever been received by me
from any Irish light-station.—R. M. B.]

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 13th, four at 8 P.M. going W.; one
killed: 19th, three: 24th,two at 9 p.M.; one struck. November
19th, five at 11 p.m. round light. December 8th, four at 7 P.M.
going W.; one disabled.

Hook Tower.—‘ From the beginning of January immense
flocks of Starlings, Plover, Larks, Snow Buntings, and other
birds about, owing to the severe cold. Some were seen going
farther south from this.” March 5th, one Starling killed
striking; wind moderate S.E. [Leg and wing received]: 24th,
Starlings striking from 10 P.M. to morning; eight killed; wind
light S.E., gloomy: 25th, large flocks flying from S. to N. at
9 A.M.; wind light E., gloomy; one picked up dead next morn-
ing: 27th, immense numbers of Starlings striking lantern from
9 p.M. to morning; several killed; also three female Blackbirds

4

1892] IRISH COAST 301

and three Redwings killed—[Leg and wing of Starling received].
There were large numbers of Starlings, Wheatears, Larks, Black-
birds, and Redwings striking from 25th to morning of 27th;
wind chiefly light E. June 14th, a flock at 8.30 pM. July
14th, flocks of Starling, Plover, and Curlew seen. October 4th,
15th, 16th, 18th, 20th, and 26th, Starlings noted; two oe
striking on last date.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 10th, large flocks of Thrushes,
Larks, and Starlings from 7 A.M. to 3 P.M. going N.;- wind N.E.,
snow showers: 12th and 13th, a few on ship in the evening; flew
for land next morning. February 13th, two noted: 19th, nerd
large flocks, with some Green Plover and small birds, from
8 A.M. to 5 P.M.; strong gale E., heavy snow; “trying to get to
land, blown to leeward with the gale.” March 25th, great
numbers round lantern; several killed ; wind light N.E.: 26th,
five at 10 A.M. going N.W. “very much exhausted.” October
15th, a few at 8 p.M.; left about midnight; strong breeze N.E.:
14th and 17th, some Starlings and “Finches” 8 P.M. to mid-
night: 18th, nine at 4 P.M.; went for the land: 24th, 25th, and
26th, a few noted in the evenings. December 13th, Starlings
round light.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 8th and 18th, a few noted :
10th, “about a thousand common birds, principally Starlings,
Linnets, Larks, Thrushes, etc., during day going N.; wind fresh
N.E., hail and snow showers.” March 19th, a small flock at
9 AM. going N.E. December 9th, one on board: 29th, two
noted. ;

Tuskar.—January 8th to 20th, Starlings night and day going
W.; wind N.; two killed striking: 27th, two killed striking.
February 9th to 13th, some round light: 16th, some going
S.E.: 28th, flock of Lapwing and Starling at 11 a.m. going W.
October 29th, flocks passing day and night; some will remain
with us till March or April. Starling and Purple Sandpipers
are our only companions during the winter.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 4th, one at 11 P.M.;
killed striking: 8th, 9th, and 10th, flocks going N.W.: 30th,
one caught at light. February 19th, flocks going N.W.:
20th, three about light: 25th, flocks at 8 am. going S.E.:
27th, several about light from midnight to 6 aM.; two
killed striking — [Leg and wing received]. March 24th,

302 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

_

25th, and 26th, several about light; many killed striking—
[Leg and wing received]. October 13th, 14th, and 26th, some
about light: 27th, flocks going N.W.: 28th, flock going N. at
8 A.M.: 29th, several about light from 1 am. to 5 AM; three
killed; and flock going N. at 11 Am. November 2nd, 6th, 8th,
15th, 21st, 23rd, 24th, and December 7th and 10th, flocks about
light going N. or N.W.: 12th, 13th, and 14th, rush of birds;
numbers killed, chiefly Thrushes. [Leg and wing of Starling
received, killed striking on 13th. ]

Arklow South Light-ship.—January 8th, 9th, and 11th, some
going N.W., snow. February 25th, one: 26th, two on ship:
27th, one going N.W. March 23rd, one killed striking; clear:
25th and 26th, flocks about light. April 1st and 4th, one noted.
October 13th, a large flock going W. at 10 a.m.; wind fresh
N.E.; first seen: 14th and 28th, one noted: [26th, Leg and
wing received, killed striking]: 19th and 31st, and November
Ist, 2nd, 3rd, and 17th, flocks noted going N.W.: 18th, several
birds of various kinds about light; wind 8.E. to W., heavy rain;
none killed (see under Fieldfare, Rockabill station): 19th, large
flocks during day going N. December 2rd, one killed.

Arklow North Inght-shyp—January 9th and 10th, numbers
during day; snow showers; two caught on deck: 30th, one
caught inside lantern. February 12th, one rested on mizzen-
boom: 16th, several about light: 20th, two rested at 10 P.M.;
strong breeze S.E., snow; went overboard: 25th, one on mast;
went N.W. March 29th, one. April 3rd, one about ship.
November 2nd, 4th, and 5th, flocks going N.W.: 11th, 23rd, and
24th, numbers of Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings at light ;
several killed.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 8th, flocks, with Thrushes,
going N.W.: 10th, one on ship. November 11th, several,
with Blackbirds and Thrushes, from 8 P.M. to midnight about
light; wind light S.W., gloomy; many killed and disabled:
23rd, 24th, and 25th, several Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Starlings about light at night, with other birds on last two
dates ; one killed striking; wind light and moderate S8.W., haze
and rain.

Howth Baily— October 17th, some struck lantern at 11 P.m.;
one caught. December 13th, one struck lantern.

Rockabill.— October 14th, several all night; gale E., rain;

1892] IRISH COAST 303

17th, several all night: 27th, Starlings all night; some killed.
November 9th, several, with Blackbirds, at light; some dis-
abled: 18th, greatest rush of season, Fieldfares, Starlings, and
Redwings noted (see under Fieldfare): 22nd, rush of Black-
birds, Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks: 23rd, Starlings and Larks
all night; some disabled ; fresh breeze S.W.

Drogheda,'N.—January 7th, large flocks all day; snow: 8th,
rush all day going S.; ten species, including Starling, noted
(see under Golden Plover). June 14th, about a hundred on
warren at 4 A.M., mostly young birds (see Hook Tower, same
date): 22nd, five, all young birds, going N.; flying low, and
resting every hundred yards or so: 28rd, large flock, mostly
young birds. July 10th and 13th, a large flock going N.; all
seemed this year’s birds. November 21st, two large flocks all
day. December 7th, a large flock about station.

South Rock Light-ship—ZJanuary 18th, a flock going N.W.
at 10 A.M.; wind light S.E.: 20th, two round ship.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 10th, flocks all day: 14th,
20th, and 24th, some noted. Constantly noted during February
and March on island and round light, and striking. April 2nd,
flock all day, remaining; pairing; wind light 8. October 7th,
18th, and 19th, some noted. December 4th, flock of thirty:
19th, large flocks, remaining; wind light W.

Maidens South.—January 7th, some going S.E., with Larks and
other birds: 8th, three killed striking; strong gale N.W., snow:
24th, one at lantern at 2 a.M.; clear. March 17th, two caught
on baleony at 11 PM.; let go in the morning, flew N.E.:
18th, 19th, and 25th, some noted, and two caught. November
2nd and 3rd, afew going 8. and 8.W.: 16th, one Starling and
one Lark caught on balcony at 4 AM.; wind light W., clear;
let go at daylight, went W.: 24th, rush of “G, Plover” and
other birds (see under Green Plover).

Innishtrahull—May 28th, six on island. October 18th,
some do. November 22nd, three killed striking; gale S.E.
December 24th, six all night. [Leg and wing received on
27th. ]

Tory Island—March 3rd and 4th, great rush of Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings ; some disabled: 13th, numerous
on island: 19th, flocks do.: 20th and 21st, some striking on
N.E. side (see under Thrush). April 9th, all have left island.

304 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

November 14th, some, with Larks, at lantern: 21st and 22nd,
rush of birds, some Starlings amongst them: 23rd, large flocks

on island: some noted between 24th arid 28th; the only birds — +4

about island.

Rillybegs.—October 11th, large flock going E. November 2nd,
very large flocks all day, remaining.

Arran Island, N—January 10th, a few, with a few “Crows,”
going towards Co, Clare. May 4th, 9th, 15th, and 20th, some
all day going N. November, a few going S.

Arran Island, S—October 10th, Starlings feeding on crag ;
first flock observed; four killed previous night. November 1st,
three struck light; a great quantity on island.

Tearaght.—January and February, hundreds noted. October
4th, two: 19th, one. November Ist, flock on island: 5th, some
noted. December Ist, a flock.

CuHoucH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Tory Isiand.—March 2nd, two “Red-leg Jackdaws” on
island ; wind light 8.E.; first seen: 26th, two, paired to breed in
cliffs.

Rathlin O’Birne—April 7th, two; they breed here. June
10th, two. ;

Killybegs—November 28th, six going 8.W.; strong gale 8.W.;
seldom seen here.

Tearaght.—July 28th, “seven Choughs (Crows).” August
7th, ten on island. October 1st, ten; “seem to stop here for
some days”: 25th, flock going S.E. November 20th, seven.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

Howth Baily —March 26th, two observed at station.

Tory Island.—March 26th, two paired to breed in cliffs.

Rathlin O’ Birne.-—February 23rd, two at noon; gale S.H.
July 25th, two on island.

Arran Island, Ni—December 8th, six Ravens and one Hawk
near station.

HooDED Crow (Corvus cormix, Linn.).

‘Hook Tower.—April 10th, two; wind E.
Innishtrahull.—* Two Black-hooded Crows build on island.”

1892} IRISH COAST 305

TVory Island.—February 20th, one; wind E., snow. March
26th, two paired to breed. April 13th, two nest on cliffs.

Arran Island, N.—March, three Crows, spotted on neck,
large species. [Possibly Hooded Crows.—R. M. B.]

Tearaght—October 19th, four; remained some time.
November 12th, four.

Rook (Corvus frugilequs, Linn.).

Tuskar—January 7th, six “Crows” at 2 P.M. going W.;
“seemed fatigued”; wind light N.: 26th, “Crow” at noon on
rock; fog,

tivw South Light-ship.—June 14th, one “ Crow” going N. E.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 3rd, one Crow going N.E.

Drogheda, N.—April 25th, large flock going N., flying very
high; strong breeze N. October 28th, about two hundred going
N., flying high. November 24th, great numbers all day about
station. December 13th, flocks of Gulls and Rooks.

Maidens South—March 20th, one Crow going S8.W.: 24th,
two going W. April 3rd, one going W.; fog.

Tory Island—March 15th, one Common Crow going 5.;
lighted on top of lantern, and flew to mainland.

Rathlin O’ Birne—March 4th, forty going W.; fresh breeze
S. July 21st, flocks of “Crows” going W. at 8 AMm.; wind
light N.

Arran Island, N—January 10th, twelve “Crows” going
towards Co. Clare. In March, “three, spotted on neck, large
species”—[Possibly Hooded Crows.—R. M. B.] September,
“no birds except a flock of Crows, which came nearly every day
from Innishmore in the forenoon, and went back about sunset.”

Arran Island, S—October 30th, forty Rooks passing to
mainland.

Tearaght—January 24th, four Rooks; wind light N.W.
February 20th, twenty “Common Crows”; gale E., heavy snow.
May 10th and einge 2nd, five. December 21st, a flock on
island.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Howth Baily.—March 26th, a great many breed close by in
the cliffs.
Copeland (Mew) Island—May 24th, a few remaining.

306 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

Arran Island, S—September 2nd, four ; they build on island.
Tearaght—October 25th, two; wind ‘light E. November
12th, six at noon; gale N.

Macpre (Pica rustica, Scop.).
Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 10th, two at 5 a.m. going W.;
wind light 8.
Tory Island.—April 9th, two on island at 10.30 A.M.; came
from S.; first seen ; wind light S.H.
Arran Island, Si—September 10th, four Magpies on wall at
3 P.M.; wind light N.W.; rarely seen here.

SwALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 10th, several about at 3 P.M.; wind E.,
blue sky. May 4th, three at 6 P.M.; fresh breeze N.E.: 6th,
two. September 20th, Swallows and Swifts in great numbers
all day; wind moderate S.E., mist, rain; Swallows taking their
departure to the 8.: 21st, Swallows Ao Maybirds at 9 AM;
strong breeze N.E.: 22nd, one at lantern at 8 P.M; not igeae
wind light E. ‘

Coningbeg Light-ship—aApril 6th; two going N.; wind light
N.E.: 26th, three flying for the land: 27th, one do. September
18th, one on ship: 22nd, one flying round deck. October 6th,
one at 4 P.M.; wind fresh N.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 6th, some seen: 7th, ten
noted ; two lighted on board and remained till next day: 9th,
some going N.; wind light S.E.: 21st, two at noon going N.:
23rd, four about ship; “left at dusk”: 25th, one lighted on
ship. June 17th, a flock going S.E. during forenoon ; rain.

Tuskar.—September 21st and 22nd, great rush of birds, in-
cluding Swallows (see under Chiffchaff). “Just before the last
gale, about a week ago, I noticed large flocks of Swallows flying
W.; they must have had some warning of the approaching
storm, and were turning back.” October a “ Swallows
passing in small flocks till within a week ago.”

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 7th, two going N. W.; wind
light N.E. May 4th, several round ship; wind icon N.E.:
13th, several flocks going W.; wind light $.W., rain. August
16th, Swallows from 8 A.M. till noon about ship; wind moderate
S.E.

1892] IRISH COAST 307

Blackwater Bank Laght-ship.—April 5th, one going N.; wind
light S.W., thick haze: 23rd, several about light; wind light
S.W., rain—[Leg and wing received]: 26th and 28th, several
going W. and N.W. May 5th, several going N.W. all day;
wind light N.E.: 7th, do.: 8th, 9th, and 10th, a few do.: 13th,
flocks do.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 2nd, several going N.W.:
3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 10th, several going N.W. during day:
13th, two: 14th, several going W.: 19th, 27th, and June 9th,
one to three noted going N.W.: 10th, three going 8.: 14th, four
going §. September 23rd, several going S.H.: 26th, several
going N.W.: 29th, one going S.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 20th, several going N.W.;
wind light S.W., clear; first seen this year. May 7th, several
going N.W.: 9th, several flocks from 9 aM. to 5 P.M. going
N.W.; wind light S., flying low: 10th, several flocks from
6.30 P.M. to 7.30 P.M. about ship; several rested on main rigging:
11th, six going N. August 28th, several at 11 P.M. about
lantern ; clear, hazy at intervals; wind light S.W.; one killed
striking.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 3rd, two going N.W.; calm,
clear. Through April and up to May 18th, Swallows constantly
noted, from one to four at a time, generally going N.W. and
W.N.W.; sometimes about ship; one died on ship. May 8th
—(Leg and wing received]—several noted about light same
night; clear.

Howth Baily.—August 4th, “fine clear night; a great many
moths, flies, and small winged insects on the lantern glass;
birds—Swallows, I think—were flying about through the rays,
catching the moths or flies—Epwarp M‘Carron”: 27th, small
birds flying about lantern; “a great many birds flying about
at a great height, seemingly Swallows, perhaps assembling on
the eve of their departure.” September 28th, Swallows still
about the station.

Rockabill.—September 21st, one at noon. October ist, one
all day.

Drogheda, N.—April 23rd, several; first seen this season:
30th, numbers. May 8th, some all day: 9th, numbers: 17th,
several, with Swifts: 26th, twenty going N.W. in a flock.
June 2nd, two: 6th, three.

508 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

Maidens South.—April 10th, two going W.: 12th, two going
S.W.: 23rd, two going W.: 24th and 25th, three, and one going
S.W. and W.: 26th, one going W.

Innishtrahull_—June 12th, four at noon ; strong breeze N.

“ MARTIN.”

Hook Tower.—April 2nd, three “ Martins” at 10 P.M.
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—May 17th, several Martins ; wind
fresh W.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 20th, Swallows and “ Swifts” in
great numbers all day.

Drogheda, N—May 12th, one going N.: 17th, several: 18th,
several about river: 20th, numbers going N. all day; gale
N.W.: 21st, dozens of Swifts: 22nd, several. June 23rd,
three.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Howth Baily.—May 8th, first heard.
Drogheda, N.i—May 5th, first heard.

WRYNECK (lynx torquilla, Linn.).

Innishtrahull, in lit. 24/3/92, 26/4/92, 31/5/92“ A Wryneck
was shot on Rathlin O’Birne in 1878 by the principal light-
keeper there, John Tottenham, who stuffed it, but I find on
inquiry it went to loss. I think it was in the month of October.
I was there then, but we did not know it was a Wryneck. The
principal keeper on North Arran—[Thomas Fortune.—R. M. B.]}
—got one (see ‘Migration Report,’ 1886, p. 39), and I knew,
when I saw it, it was the same kind— GEORGE GILLESPIE” [ who
was on North Arran as assistant-keeper in October 1886,—
R. M. B.].

KINGFISHER (Alcedo ispida, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 30th, one Kingfisher at
noon going N.W.; wind light S.W.; “rested, and left for the
shore.”

Drogheda, N.—November 24th, these birds frequent the
streams about Mornington House.

| 1892] IRISH COAST 309

“ PIGEONS.”

Hook Tower.—February 15th, seven Rock Higenne. March
6th, 7th, and 8th, seven or eight do.

Drogheda, Ni—May 20th, one small Blue Pigeon going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 24th, a white Pigeon
perched on dome of lighthouse at sunrise, then flew towards
mainland.

Maidens South—February 28th, one Blue Pigeon going N.E.

Arran Island, S—September 24th, fifteen Wild Pigeons on
crag; not common here.

Tearaght—“ Rock Pigeons remain here during winter.”

“ PARTRIDGE,”

Arklow North Light-ship—July 22nd, “one Partridge flying
around ship from 3.30 A.M. to 4 A.M.; calm, fog.”

QUAIL (Coturnix communis, Bonn.).

Tuskar.—September 22nd and 23rd, great rush of: birds at
- night (see under Chiffchaff). [One Quail received in flesh,
killed striking. ]

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—[November 1st, Leg and wing of
Quail received, killed striking. |

Drogheda, N.—January 10th, heard there were three Quail in
rabbit-warren.

CoRN-CRAKE (Crex pratensis, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—April 30th, a Land-Rail on the rock to-day; the
first this year.

Drogheda, N—May 15th, Corn-Crake heard in fields near
lighthouse.

Innishtrahull—June 12th, one Corn-Crake on island at
10 A.M.; strong breeze N.

Rathlin O Birne.—May 6th, one Corn-Crake on island at
6 p.M.; wind light N.E.

WatTER-RaAIL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[ October 29th, Leg and wing of Water-Rail received,
killed striking. ]

310 MIGRATION OF BIRDS — [1892
_

Killybegs—November 29th, one Water-Rail all day; strong
gale N.W.

Arran Island, S—October 29th, Water-Rail struck light at
3 AM. going 8.E.; strong breeze N.W., squalls. [Received in
flesh. |

Water-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—August 23rd, one “ unknown
bird” about light at 2 a.m., killed striking; calm, rain. [Leg
and wing of Water-Hen received. ]

Baup Coot (Fulica atra, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Inght-shipn—November 24th, one Bald
Coot killed striking at 8 P.M.; wind moderate 8.E., rain. [Leg
and wing received. |

Killybegs—November 28th, one Bald Coot at 2 P.M.; strong
gale 8.W.; “not seen one for past twelve months.”

Arran Island, S—October 18th, Bald Coot struck light at
2.30 am. going N.E.; wind light N.E.; clear. [Received in
flesh. ] .

RINGED PLOVER (4/gialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Drogheda, N.—May 13th, Sand Plover’s egg picked up among
gravel a little above high-water mark on bank of river. [Ringed
Plover’s egg received. |

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 3rd, a few “Ring Plover”
arrived to breed; wind light 8.E.

Innishtrahull—July 5th, one “ young Dotterel” on island ;
“breed on island.”

Tory Island.—February 16th, “Ring Plover” all day, thirty
to fifty in flocks; wind N., snow: 20th, flocks of Grey and Ring
Plover on island.

Rathlin O’Birne—March 14th, two-Dotterels. April 15th,
two Dotterels at noon; wind moderate N.E. [Ringed Plover
received in flesh. ]

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 24th, flock seen going E. December
5th, flock going S.: 8th, flock.

1892] IRISH COAST 311

Hook Tower.—February 19th, flocks of Golden and Lapwing
Plover all day; gale W., snow. September 20th, four “Grey
Plover.” November 14th, one do. found dead.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 7th, one “Grey Plover”
going N.E. .

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—September 22nd, several Golden
Plover about light from 8 P.M. to 11 P.M.; wind light S.E.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—February 22nd, flock of “Grey
Plover” going E. March 24th, two do. about light.

Drogheda, N.—January 8th, continuous flocks of Golden
Plover, Lapwings, Starlings, Redwings, Thrushes, Blackbirds,
Larks, Linnets, Chaffinches, and Greenfinches all day going S. ;
heavy frost and snow; one Redwing killed. “This migration
continued until the 10th, when a thaw set in. Very few birds
killed, as they did not rest on their way past here, and all flew
very high with the exception of small birds and Lapwing.”
February 27th, four.

Maidens South August 23rd, six Golden Plover going S.W.

Innishtrahull.—February 13th, one on island: 20th, three.
June 12th, two.

Tory Island.—February 20th, flocks of Grey and Ring Plover
on island; snow: 29th, to March 2nd, Golden Plover noted on
island. April 12th, large flock of “Grey Plover” lighted on
island about 11.30 a.M.; in a few minutes a Hawk swooped
amongst them and carried off one; strong breeze N.E.: 16th,
flocks of “Grey Plover” on island ; snow.

Rathlin O Birne—April 15th, one Golden Plover at. noon ;
shot—[Wing received]: 20th, twelve. May 17th, eighteen.

Killybegs. April 15th, Golden Plover shot; received in flesh. ]

Arran Island, S—October 23rd, five “Grey Plover” going
N.E.; wind light N.; first seen this year.

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Mine Head—October 25th, flock going E. November 2nd,
flock going E.: 15th, and December 14th, flock going W.

Hook Tower—January and February, large flocks. Plover,
Curlew, Starling, and other birds about during frost. February
19th, flocks of Golden and Lapwing Plover all day; gale W.,
snow: 28th, eight Lapwings. March 4th, one. June 18th,
Lapwing Plover and Curlew for several days. July 14th, flocks.

312 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

October 20th, large flocks Lapwing Plover all day; wind light
N.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship—February 19tW, Green Plover, with
large flocks of Starlings and other birds “trying to get to
land”; strong gale E., heavy snow. March 17th, flock of about
twenty.

Tuskar.—February 24th, flock of Lapwing at noon going
S.E.; one shot: 28th, flock going W.

Lucifer Shoals Lnght-ship—March 8th, a flock of Green
Plover at 1.30 P.M. going N.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 4th, four Lapwing
going N.W. November 18th, flock of Plover gomg N.W.
December 21st, flock of Plover going N.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—December 24th, several kinds of
birds, including Green Plover, about light during night; wind
moderate S.H.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship.—December 31st, eight going N.W.

Howth Baily—January 24th, a number of Lapwing flying
over light at 6 pM. February 22nd, a flock.

Drogheda, N—January 8th, rush all day going S. (see under
Golden Plover). February 25th, seven going N.E.: 27th, ten
do. October 23rd, twenty-three going 8.; frosty; first seen
this season. November 23rd, two large flocks going N. at
noon; wind light S.: [29th, Wing received]. December 5th,
nine going W.; one shot: 27th, eleven going N.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 3rd, large flock Lapwing;
gale N., hail and snow: 7th and 8th, flocks of Plover all day;
gales. and snow: 9th, large flocks of Curlew, Seapies, Lapwing,
and Sand Larks: 14th and 15th, Plover on island: 24th, a flock
of eighteen Lapwing going 8.; “Lapwing frequent the island all
the year round.” February 2nd, 6th, 14th, and 20th, Lapwing
noted. March 17th, flocks striking at night; wind 8.: 20th,
four. December 4th, six; snow: 27th, large flocks all day;
heavy frost.

Maidens South—January 7th, six Plover going $.E., with
Larks and other birds. February 23rd, ten Green Plover at
noon going N.E.; gale S.E. March 16th, fifty Green Plover at
noon going N.E.; strong breeze §.: 18th, nine going W.: 26th,
twenty going E. November 21st and 23rd, “G. Plover” noted
in rush of birds (see under Thrush): 22nd, Green Plover at

~

1892] IRISH COAST 313

lantern—[One killed striking, wing received]: 24th, rush of
“G. Plover,” Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings round
lantern from 7 P.M. to 11 p.m.; fresh breeze S.E., gloomy.

Inmishtrahull—January 1st, one Lapwing Plover on island ;
gale N.N.W. February 8th, five do. June 4th, August 10th,
and October 11th, three on island.

Tory Island—F¥ebruary 20th, one Lapwing going E.; snow;
first seen this year: 21st, Plover at station: 22nd, one Lapwing
going KE. March 14th, one do.: 18th, one heard flying round
lantern: 24th, Plover near station.

Rathlin O Birne-—February 14th, April 19th, and June 30th,
two or three noted.

Kullybegs.— November 8th, a very large flock of Green Plover
feeding on marsh all’day; mostly young birds ; gale 8.W.

Arran Isand, S—September 1st, twenty-eight Green Plover
at 7 AM. going S.E.; strong breeze 8.W.; first seen this
year.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.),

Hook Tower.—February 16th, several; gale E.: 27th, four;
wind light S.E. September 24th, one Turnstone killed striking
at 9.30 P.M.; wind S., drizzling rain—{Leg and wing received].
October 11th, flocks all day ; wind moderate N.W.; one shot,
“of a lighter colour than usual at this time.” [Received in
flesh.]

Drogheda, N.—October 25th. [Leg and wing of Turnstone
received, shot on strand. ]

LInnishtrahwll—J uly 28rd, six on island at noon.

OySTER-CATCHER (Heematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— February 16th, several Seapies; gale E.;
generally on the rocks during day. March 9th, Seapies and
Curlew about at all times. October 11th, flocks, with Turn-
stones, all day. November 19th, one Seapie killed striking ;
wind light N. [Leg and wing not sent. If correctly named,
the only reported instance of such an occurrence on Irish coast
to date —R. M. B.]

Howth Baily—February 14th, shot a pair.

Drogheda, N—April 22nd, two Seapies; the first seen for

some weeks: 26th, Seapie heard at 10 P.M. on strand; “seemed
x

314 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

to be a number from the noise”; wind light S.W.: 28th,
twelve. May 20th, a large flock; gale N.W.: 27th, about a
hundred. June 3rd, seven: 6th, seventeen going S.E.: 8th,
large flock all day about strand; “numerous here every day
now.” July 13th, about two hundred. November 21st, large
flocks all day.

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 1st, about sixty Seapies ;
gale N.: 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, large flock: 7th, 8th, and 9th,
flocks all day, remaining; weather very cold and severe;
gales: 10th, 20th, and 26th, flocks noted. February 14th,
Seapies all day: 20th, some noted. November 24th, large
flocks feeding. December 19th and 27th, do. remaining.

Innishtrahull.—* Seapie off and on all the year.”

Rathlin O’ Birne.—February 29th, seven on rock. May 12th,
eleven.

Arran Island, S—November 6th, often seen.

YELLOW-BILLED SHEATHBILL (Chionis alba, Latham).

Carlingford Lough Light-house, in lit. December-2nd—I am
sending per parcel post to-day a. white bird, larger than a
Pigeon, I shot at lighthouse—Ricuarp Hamitton—[Yellow-
billed Sheathbill, female, received in flesh]. [In answer to
further inquiry, the following particulars were communicated in
a letter dated December 9th:|—“ At 8.30 a.m. on the 2nd inst.
I was at the Blockhouse (a small island about 800 yards from
the lighthouse) shooting duck, and saw the bird walking about
on the highest part of it, which is not more than 10 feet high.
I first took it for a tame Pigeon, as it seemed to take no notice
of me, but observed that it walked differently, at about an angle
of 45°, and was not pecking at anything; so I fired at it, and
was surprised to see it go off. It took a half-circle from the
rock, and again alighted a few yards from the water. I again
fired at about forty yards; still the bird stood steady, as if not
touched; so I sent the dog for it, and when about two yards
distant it again took to flight, and seemed quite strong, but fell
in the water about fifty yards from the rock. I picked it up
with the boat” (see also Zoologist, 1893, pp. 28, 29). [The
above is the only hitherto recorded occurrence of the Sheathbill,
in a wild state, north of the tropics. The bird was received
by me in perfect plumage and condition. The late Mr A. G.

6 ee a

1892] IRISH COAST 315

More, who first identified the specimen, could detect no trace
of confinement in its plumage, and neither could Mr Williams,
who skinned and mounted it.—R. M. B.]

GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—August 22nd, one “Sand Lark”
killed striking; wind light S.E., fog—[Leg and wing of Grey
Phalarope received]; “several about light during night.”

fockabull—November 4th, Phalarope found dead after strik-

ing. [Leg and wings of Grey Phalarope received. |

Wooncock (Scolopaaz rusticula, Linn.),

Howth Baily—March 30th, a Woodcock perched on bank at
4 P.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 10th, several Woodcock on
island; gale N.E., frost and snow: 11th, a few; frost: 15th,
one shot. February 8th and 21st, and March 4th, 5th, and 13th,
one noted.

Maidens South.—November 22nd, several kinds of birds round
lantern at night (see under Thrush); one Woodcock killed.
| Wing received. ]

Innishtrahull,—tJanuary 12th, two on island; fresh breeze N.,
gloomy: 26th, one. October 9th, two on island at 11 aM.;
strong breeze N.W., showers; “the first arrival”: 24th, one
struck glass at 11 P.M. killed; wind light N., snow. Decem-
ber 7th, four all day on island.

Rathlin O Birne-—March 9th, two on island ; strong gale N.

Kullybegs.—October 1st, one going E. at 11 A.M.; wind mode-
rate N.: 20th, one do. November 24th, one going W.; “seldom
seen here except in snowy weather.”

Arran Island, S—October 19th, two going N.E. at 4.30 P.M. ;
wind light N.E., clear; first seen this year.

Common SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel).

Arklow South Light-ship—September 22nd, three Snipe at
8 P.M. going S.W.; wind light N.E., clear; one killed striking.
[Leg and wing received. ] )

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 4th, several Snipe on island;

316 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
o

strong breeze N., hail and snow: 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th, several;
weather very severe and stormy: 9th, 10th, 11th, 22nd, 24th,
and 26th, Snipe noted. “From one to two dozen on island all
the winter.” Snipe notedin February and March. March 17th,
“a few passing through rays of light to-night; wind §., fog ;”
numbers of other birds striking. October 25th, some on island.
November 24th, several all day. December 4th, several; gale
N.W., snow: 13th and 19th, some: 27th, several; heavy frost.

Innishtrahull—January 11th, “a great many Snipe, Thrushes,
and Blackbirds on island.” February 3rd, “a very large Snipe”
on island.at 3 P.M.; “never saw so large a one ;” wind moderate
N., showery.

Tory Island——February 19th, Snipe in great numbers on
island; cold snowy weather. March 4th, Snipe still numerous.

Rathlin O Birne—February 20th, one Snipe on island at
4pM.; gale N.E. June 26th, three.

Kullybegs.—October 26th, three killed striking at 10.40 P.M.;
strong gale N.E., rain. November 20th, six remain; gale 8.E.;
“ Snipe breed near lighthouse.” >

Tearaght—February 20th, two Snipe; gale E.; heavy snow.
December 7th, two for a couple of days. |

JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula, Linn.).

Hook Tower—May 24th, two killed striking; wind S.E., fog
and rain.

Howth Baily—December 12th—[Leg and wing received of
Jack Snipe, found decayed on roof].

Innishtrahull—February 28th, a large number “J. Snipe”
on island; several shot.

Killybegs.—October 3rd, one at 4 a.m. killed striking; wind
moderate N.W. ; clear.

Arran Island, S—November 5th, three going N.E. at 4 P.M.;
strong breeze S.W.; very scarce here,

DUNLIN (77ringa alpina, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 20th, one Dunlin picked up dead—
[Leg and wing received]. December 26th, one “Curlew Sand-
piper or Common Sandpiper” found dead on baleony. [Dunlin
received in flesh. ]

1892] IRISH COAST 317

PURPLE SANDPIPER (Z'ringa striata, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[October 29th, Leg and wing of Purple Sandpiper
received, killed striking.] “Purple Sandpiper remain here
during the winter, and become so tame that they come up to
the door in bad weather; some of them get washed away by the
sea, but must soon be reinforced, for their number always appears
the same—about seven or eight—JouNn HAMILTON.”

‘Tearaght—October 29th, a “strange bird shot; supposed to
be some kind of Sandpiper”; wind N.W., showers. [Leg and
wing of Purple Sandpiper received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island—December 27th, flocks of “Sand-
pipers” remaining; heavy frost. [? Purple Sandpipers.—
R. M. B.]

CoMMON SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 23rd, “Sand Larks ”
about light all night; wind lght 8.W., rain. [Leg and wing
of Common Sandpiper received. ]

Howth Baily—May 5th, “Strand Lark” found killed on
balcony.” [Leg and wing of Common Sandpiper received. ]

“SAND LARKS.”

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—September 23rd, several “Sand
Larks.”

Drogheda, Ni—May 18th, about fifty “Sand Plover” going
N.E.; strong gale W.; first seen since March. November 24th,
a large flock of “Sand Plover” on strand. December 14th, “I
have only seen one flock (on the 24th ult.) of the little bird
called by the natives ‘Sand Plover.’”

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 4th, flocks of “Sand
Larks” all day, remain; hail and snow: 9th, flocks of Curlew,
Seapies, Lapwing, and Sand Larks: 17th, “Sand Larks” fre-
quent the island nearly all the year round.

Tory Island.—March 24th, “Strand Larks” near station.

Arran Island, S—November 7th, eighteen “Strand Larks”
in lighthouse park at noon; wind light 8.; very seldom
here. :

Tearaght— April 8th, “Sand Larks” observed on rock.

518 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

REDSHANK (Totanus calidris, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—June 14th, one Redshank on board
during the day.

Drogheda, N—April 22nd, two.

Innishtrahull—* Redshanks on and off island all the year.”

Killybegs—November 27th, four all day; seen very often in
winter.

CurLew (Wumenius arquata, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January and February, large flocks during
frost. February 5th, flocks at all times: 8th, two flocks going
N.W. March 9th, about at all times. April 27th, six noted.
May 6th and June 18th, Curlew about several days. July
14th, flocks seen. October 20th, large flocks all day. December
Ath, large flock.

Tuskar.—February 27th, flock going N.W.; wind light S.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—April 6th, flock going N.E. May
13th, one Curlew—|[Whimbrel ?—R. M. B.]—lghted on deck;
“it was disabled, and not able to fly farther”: 17th, a flock at
11 p.M. round ship; wind fresh N.W.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—March 24th, about light all
night; wind light N.E.; one killed striking—[Leg and wing
reopendal 25th, all ara about light; went S.E.: 26th, several.
with Starlings, Blackbirds, and Wheatears, from 8.30 P.M. till
midnight; wind light 8.W., light haze; about a hundred birds
killed Binileseiee= weather cleared at midnight and birds left.
September 15th, three at 10 p.m. going N.W. November 13th,
flock going N. at 10 P.M.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—March 20th, two at 11 P.M. about
light. June 24th, one going N.W. August 19th, two going
N.W.: 31st, large flock going S.W.; wind fresh N.W.

Arkiow North Light-ship.—February 21st, flock at 9 P.M.

going N.W.; wind fresh S.E. March 27th, Curlew all night”

about lantern; sleet and snow, wind N.E. May 14th, two
goitg N.W.: 17th, several going N.W.: 19th, flock going
N.W.: 21st, four going N.W. July 10th, four do.: 26th, flock
going S.W., flying low, close by ship.

Codling Bank Light-ship—April 5th and 6th, several going
in various directions at night. May 10th, several going N.W.

|

—

1892] IRISH COAST 319

Howth Baily—dJanuary 15th, some near station. February
17th, about thirty do. March 10th, some noted.

Drogheda, N—April 22nd, one “Jack Curlew”: 28th, three
Curlew. May 22nd, one going N. June 3rd, about forty
feeding: 21st, five going N.W.: 23rd, several flocks from noon
to 3 p.M. going 8. November 4th, about a hundred feeding.
December 7th, two large flocks going N.E.; flying high and in
two compact bodies: 13th, three large flocks going N.E. at 3.30
P.M.; wind light N.W.

ee, (Mew) Island—January 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and dth,
large flocks: 6th, 7th, and 8th, flocks all day, remaining ;
weather very cold and severe, gales: 9th, large flocks Curlew,
Seapies, Lapwing, and Sand Larks all day, remaining; fresh
breeze N., frost and snow: 10th, 14th, 20th, 22nd, and 26th,
Curlew noted; “they frequent the island all the year round.”
February 2nd, 14th, 20th, and 21st, March 4th, 10th, 17th,
20th, and 24th, Curlew noted. July 26th, several Curlews
and Terns flying in rays of light, none struck; hazy. August
23rd, immense flocks, remaining all day; weather warm and
fine. October 7th, large flock going S.: 25th, large flocks on
rocks. November 9th, about eighty going W.: 22nd, a flock
feeding: 24th, large flocks. December 13th, large flocks,
remaining: 27th, do.; heavy frost.

Maidens South—March 17th, heard Curlew passing at mid-
night: 19th, heard them pass; going N.E.: 25th, some flying
round lantern and passing. April 3rd, some passing N.E.:
10th, a few do. July 8th and 9th, some going S.W. and W.
August 18th and 19th, passing S.W. at midnight: 23rd and
25th, Curlew going S.W. December 17th, ten going do.

Innishtrahull—January 11th, eight on island. May 28th,
two all day. :

Tory Island—March 13th, numerous on island: 19th and
26th, flocks all day on island. April 9th, all have left.

Rathlin O Birne—¥February 11th, seven on island. July 13th,
flock all day.

Killybegs.—November 21st, several seen nearly every day.

Arran Island, S—September 14th, twenty-eight going S.W. ;
first flock since Maybirds went. November 10th, some going
S.E.; plentiful now.

Tearaght—January 30th, four. April 8th and June 2nd,

320 ; MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

:
two noted. June 10th, two and one Maybird rested on island.
July 31st, one; passed 8. next day. December 17th, four; did
not remain long.

WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 21st, Swallows and Maybirds at
9 A.M.; strong breeze N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 8th, a ‘‘Maybird” (supposed)
at 10 P.M. going for Jand.

Tuskar—April 30th, a Maybird or small Curlew on the
rock.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 17th, six at 11.30 P.M.
about light.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—May 9th, several going N.W.

Drogheda, N.—April 25th, three Whimbrel at 2 P.M. going
N.E.; first seen: 26th, one going N.; flying high and fast:
29th, three going N.W.: 30th, one going 8.E. May 6th, a large
flock at 4 a.m. going N.E.; wind heht E.: 8th, Whimbrel all
day about banks of river: 10th, several all day feeding; wind
light E.: 12th, twenty-seven going N.E.; “more or less of these
birds seen every day since April 25th”: 16th, fifteen at 7.30
pM. going N.; gale N.W.: 22nd, seven: 26th, three going N.;
flying very high and fast. June 8th, one going N.E.

Maidens South.—April 17th and 18th, a few “Maybirds”
going N. in the evening; fresh breeze N. May 8th, two on rock.
June 16th, three.

Inmshtrahull—dJ une 17th, five Whimbrel on island; wind
light N.

Rathlin O’Birne-—May 2nd, flocks on island; strong breeze
N.E.

Tearaght.—April 8th, five Maybirds noted. June 10th, one.

TERNS.

Hook Tower.—August 23rd, “several: birds, I think Terns,
were flying all round light.” September 20th, numbers round
light; fresh breeze K., fog and rain: 24th, Terns round light;
none struck,

Llackwater Bank Light-ship.— August 21st, several birds
known as “Skirs” about light from 10 P.M, to midnight; wind

:
:
.

:

1892] IRISH COAST 321

moderate §.W., gloomy; and again next night from 10.30 P.M.
to midnight; wind light 8, gloomy. [Probably Terns.—
R. M. B.]

Drogheda, N.—May 13th, three flying about river: 17th,
numbers all day fishing: 18th, hundreds do.: 20th, numbers.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 11th, a few Mews; wind
moderate S.E., hazy; “annual immigration of Mews to this
island”: 24th, large numbers all day. June 7th, some Mews’
egos found. July 26th, several Curlew and Terns flying in

rays of light; none struck; hazy. September 5th, Mews still

on island; several young unable to fly: 11th, “annual emigra-
tion of Mews from this island during the past fortnight.”

Inmshtrahull_May 22nd, a number of Sea Mew at noon;
wind fresh 8.E. “A large number of Tern build on the island,
stopping only the summer months.”

Rathlin O Birne.—June 1st, fifty Terns on the island. “The
Terns had great difficulty in bringing out their young last year,
owing to storms and very unfavourable weather. They came
here twice this season, remained one day each time. It seems
they have decided it is not a favourable place for bringing out
their young, as they have deserted the island.”

“ GULLS.”

Mine Head.—November 19th, two Skua Gulls observed near
lighthouse.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 26th, Gulls killing Linnets.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 21st and 23rd, a lot of
large and small Gulls near ship during day; wind moderate W.:
26th, 27th, 28th, and 30th, large and small Gulls noted.
November 15th, 16th, 17th, 22nd, 24th, 26th, and 30th, num-
bers noted feeding. December, numbers noted throughout
month, of various sizes, drifting, feeding, etc.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January, “the common Gull
seen almost daily.” May, do. December, Gulls daily.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 18th, large flocks Gulls
drifting past.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—January 9th, a Seagull caught a
Skylark flying close to ship and ate it: 21st, three Seagulls
attacked, killed, and ate a Skylark at 10.30 A.M, close to ship;

322 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

wind moderate S.W. April, a few Gulls daily. May, flocks of
Herring and small Gulls during this month. November, a few —
Gulls daily. :

Rockabill.September 22nd, “to-day Gulls and Kittiwakes
left the Bill, a large rock adjoining, which they come to in
hundreds in April or May.”

Drogheda, N—April 29th, large flocks of Kittiwakes at 5
A.M. passing in continuous flocks for over three-quarters of an
hour, flying very low, almost skimming the ground; strong
breeze S.E. May Ist, about two hundred Gulls fishing on
river, mostly last year’s birds: 6th, numbers of Kittiwakes and
Black-headed Gulls fishing on river at noon: 20th, numbers of
Kittiwake Gulls and Terns all day fishing about river; gale
N.W. June 4th, seven Great Black-backed Gulls at 4 AM.
going W.; all last year’s birds. July 8th, numbers of Kitti-
wake Gulls. . December 7th, great numbers of various kinds of
Gulls all day; frost: 13th, large flocks: 14th, several large
flocks of Kittiwakes going E.; flying very high.

Innishtrahull—May 16th, large flocks all day round island.
“There are only four kinds of Gulls here—the Common Gull,
the Herring Gull, the Kittiwake, and the Black-backed or
Royal Gull.”

Rathlin ‘OBirne—May 30th, seven Royal Gulls = day.
June 12th, ten do.; squally ; strong breeze 8.

Killybe gets Oliclies 30th, one Iceland Gull, very large bird—
(Glaucous Gull?—R. M. B.}-remained about station; fresh
breeze W. November 6th, one Iceland Gull going E. at noon;
wind light S.W.; “a very large bird, of a dark cream colour ”—
[Glaucous Gull 1—_R, M. B.].

Tearaght—January 24th, numbers of Royal Gulls; wind
moderate N.W. April 6th and 8th, Kittiwakes noted at 6 A.M.
May 28th, Royal Gulls going 8. June 29th, large number —
Royal Gulls going S.E. at noon. August 2nd, Royal Gulls —
round the rocks after fry; wind moderate N. October 22nd,
flock of Kittiwakes going 8.W., flying low and near the water;
wind moderate N. November Ist, four “ Yellow-backed Gulls”
on island—[Glaucous Gulls?—R. M. B.]; strong breeze 8.:
12th, flock of Kittiwakes flying S.: 20th, a large number of
Herring Gulls; gale S.; Gulls of various kinds round island
continuously: 23rd, flock of Kittiwakes on water.

ee See

|
4
;

1892] IRISH COAST 323

MANX SHEARWATER (Pujfinus anglorum, Temminck),.

Hook Tower—April 22nd, one Shearwater going N.W.
August 22nd, one caught at 11.30 p.M.; gale S.E.: 23rd, another
caught at same hour.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 20th, one going S.E.; wind
moderate E.; first seen. May 10th, about seventy “ Mackerel
Cocks”; wind light E.: 20th, 24th, 26th, 27th, and 28th, a few
do. noted.

Incifer Shoals Light-ship—May 15th and 16th, several
“Mackerel Cock” about ship during the day.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—June 8th, small flocks of Shear-
waters all day going in various directions: 13th and 17th, do.
August 19th, odd ones noted.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—May, flocks of Manx Shearwaters
about station during this month.

Howth Baily—March 14th, Manx Shearwater struck glass
and was caught on balcony; snowing; wind light and variable.
May 26th, one struck lantern at 11.40 pM. September 20th,
no Shearwater heard since August.

Tearaght—April 8th, Shearwaters noted: 30th, “Shearwaters
heard at night.” May 28th, more Shearwaters.

FORK-TAILED PETREL (Cymochorea ieucorrhoa, Vieill).

Blackrock, Mayo.—September 9th, Fork-tailed Petrel sent.
[Skin received. ]

Storm Petrew (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.)

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 23rd, one at 6.30
A.M. on deck; “let this bird go at daylight.”

Arklow South Light-ship—August 30th, one going 5.E.;
strong breeze 8.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 30th, one Mother Carey’s
Chicken in water alongside ship; wind fresh S.W. November
24th, one Mother Carey’s Chicken flew on board at 5.30 A.M. ;
wind light; died: [28th, Storm Petrel received in flesh].

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 8th, one about ship.
May 18th, one do.

324 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
:
Rathlin O Birne—June 23rd, numbers breed here.

Tearaght—June 8th, numbers going E. at 10 A.M.; wind
hight S.E.: 15th, great numbers going E. at 8 p.M.; wind light
N.E. September 22nd, great numbers at night striking glass,
none killed; wind light 8.E., overcast.

RAZORBILL (Alcea torda, Linn.),
Common GUILLEMOT (Uria troile, Linn.), and
BLACK GUILLEMOT (U. grylle, Linn.).

Hook Tower—February 21st, Guillemots on water. March
21st, flocks Guillemots passing at all times: 30th, flocks of
Razorbills passing W. at all hours every day. April 22nd,
large quantities of Razorbills and Guillemots fishing. May Ist,
Razorbills passing every day.

Barrels Rock Lnght-ship—January 4th, several small flocks of
“Murs” going N.W.: 15th, to February 3rd, “Murs” noted at
frequent intervals, generally going W. May 13th, 15th, and
17th, “Murs” during day. “Murs” constantly noted during
June and July. November 22nd, thirty “Murs.” A few flocks
noted at intervals on several days up to end of December.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 18th, large flocks of
“Murs” drifting past during day. October 19th, several
flocks.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May, flocks of Razorbills about
station.

Howth Baily—March 23rd, Black Guillemot, Lesser Guille-
mot, and young Razorbill on water; shot the Guillemot,
believing it to be rare—[Common Guillemot received in flesh]:
25th, Black Guillemot on water: 28th, young Guillemot on
water, September 20th, young Guillemot heard on the water:
25th, several do.; throat and sides of head white. October 18th,
Razorbills and Guillemots diving. =

Tearaght—January 30th, “Guillemots come in during the
night, and fly off to N.W. in the morning.” February 6th, a
number at 7.30 am. April, Razorbills at 6 am. July 10th,
Razorbills and Guillemots going away to W. and N.W.:
20th, no Razorbills seen to-day: 28th, very few Guillemots
to be seen. August 7th, Razorbills and Guillemots left
here.

Ld ee a Lee

1892] IRISH COAST 325

PurFIN (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 15th, two “Sea Parrots”
going E.; first seen: 16th, a few, and some noted every month
up to ae 19th.

Codling Bank Light-ship. reed great flocks of Puffins pass-
ing station daily. May, flocks about station during this month.
November, a few “ Puffins” daily near ship during this month.

Innishtrahuil—January 10th, great flocks “ Puffins” flying
W. all day. May 21st, large flocks all day flying S:W.

Tory Island.—March 13th, “Puffins appeared in small flocks”:
26th, plentiful on cliffs to-day.

Rathlin O' Birne—March 16th, flocks of Puffins going W. at
noon. June 2l1st, flocks going W. July 10th, flocks all day
going W.

Killybegs—November 22nd, three Puffins all day; gale E.,
fog ; rarely seen at this time of year.

Tearaght.—April 1st and 2nd, Sea Parrots or Puffins going
E.: 8th, Puffins going E. at 6 Am. August 7th, nearly all
have left.

DIVER.

Hook Tower.—April 2nd, one “ Northern Diver” all day.

Rathlin O Birne—February 28th, Northern Diver fishing at
noon.

Killybegs—October 31st, one Northern Diver at noon;
appeared exhausted after arrival. November 7th, one Great
Northern Diver remains; “this bird remains here for the
winter.”

Tearaght—July 28th, “ Brael or large Diver” on rock at
noon; wind light E.

LittLe GREBE (Podicipes fluviatilis, Tunstall).

Hook Tower.—November 1st, one “Dabchick” killed striking ;
wind light N.E.: 7th, “ Little Grebe” (supposed) picked up in
lighthouse yard, probably killed striking; wind light N.W.
[Received in flesh. ]

CorMmorANT (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
Sac (P. graculus, Linn.).
Hook Tower.—February 6th, Cormorants about at all times.
Howth Baily—August 23rd, no Cormorants have been

326 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

observed all summer, but an odd one may now be seen.
September 15th, Cormorants noted. December 14th, Cor-
morants continually passing towards Clontarf, Kingstown, and
Dalkey each morning before sunrise, and returning each
evening to Lambay.

Drogheda, N.—< Cormorants seen almost every day of the
year.”

Rathlin O’ Birne—March 23rd, five; always here. May 31st,
forty fishing all day; wind light S.

Kiilybegs—November 22nd, twelve Cormorants; gale E.;
two white-breasted Cormorants all day.

Arran Island, S.—September 28th, twenty Cormorants;
build in cliffs opposite.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—February 20th, six going S.; first seen this
year. March 21st, Gannets passing at all times.

Barres Rock Light-ship.—January and February, one to three
noted at intervals, generally going W. March 20th, seven
going N.W.: 24th, small flocks: 25th, and April 26th, a few
going N.E.: noted almost every day during May, generally
going W. June 16th, several going E.: 27th, four at 10.30
AM. going W. July 6th, four going S.W.: 19th, several, white
and grey, going W.,and a few at intervals to end of month.
November and December, a few at intervals.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 5th and 6th, several flocks
going N.E.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—March 22nd, several flocks
going N.E. May, about ship almost daily.

Arklow South Light-ship—June 18th, small flock going N.E.
August 17th, small flocks going N.E.: 20th, five going S.W.:
27th, five going 8.W.; four white, one black.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 21st and 22nd, several
going N.E. May 6th, large flock going N.E.: 19th, large flock
going N.E.: 22nd, several going N.E.: 26th, two black, one
white, going N.E.: 27th and 28th, several do.: 29th, several:
30th, six going N.K. August 20th and 21st, flock noted.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April, great flocks passing station
daily. May, flocks about station. November, a few daily near
ship.

1892] IRISH COAST 327

Drogheda, Ni—May 20th, seven ; first seen this season.

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 3rd, eight. April 24th,
several. May 11th, Gannets all day. September 5th, several.
October 5th, a few.

Lough Swiljy.— October 4th, young Gannet shot. [Received
in flesh. ]

Tory Island.—April 16th, numerous near station; not many
seen up to this.

LRathlin O Birne.—March 20th, four always here. -

Tearaght.—January 24th, two. April 9th, some going S.E.
July 28th, twenty going E. October 11th, several going N.
November 20th, six on island; strong gale S.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Howth Baily.—September 29th, two observed.

Drogheda, N.—May 14th, one going N.W.; first seen for some
time. uring June, one or two at intervals.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 7th, one. December 19th,
a few.

Maidens South.—May 25th, one Crane going N.W.

Tory Island.—April 9th, two going E. October 28th, two do.

Rathlin O' Birne-—July 3rd, three all day on island.

Arran Isiand, Si—October 25th, Cranes often seen fishing
in pools.

Tearaght—June 2nd, “one Crane (Heron)” at noon. Sep-
tember 22nd, one do.

BRENT Goose (Bernicla brenta, Pallas).

Drogheda, N.—October 11th, a bird, supposed to be a Barnacle,
at 2 P.M. resting on bank of river; wind light N.; shot and sent.
[Brent Goose received in flesh. ]

“ GEESE,”

Hook Tower.—October 12th, one Wild Goose at 6 P.M. going
W. December 7th, large flock Wild Geese at 7.30 A.M. going
S.; wind fresh. N.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 13th, three Wild Geese
going N.W., flying high.

328 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892
>

Drogheda, N.—October 27th, two Wild Geese going §.; strong
breeze 8. November 2nd, seven do. going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 7th, large flock of Wild
Geese, about sixty, going S., flying high; gale N.E., weather
very severe.

Maidens South—December 17th, fifteen Barnacle going 8.W.

Innishtrahull.—October 3rd, sixteen Barnacle Geese going
S.W.: 6th, eleven do. on island: 27th and 28th, flocks of
Barnacle all day going 8.

Tory Island.—February 16th, two Wild Geese going E,, fly-
ing high; snow. October 17th, a flock of Barnacle even)
passed over island; first seen; wind N.: 23rd, Barnacle on
lake; strong breeze N., snow: 25th, seven do. on island.
November 22nd, large flocks of Barnacle, from six to thirty,
going 8.W.; strong breeze 8.E.

Rathlin O Birne.-—February 9th, three Barnacle on island.
March 6th, thirty Barnacle going E.; strong breeze 8.: 28th,
twenty-six going EH,

Kiilybegs—October 13th, twenty Wild Geese going S.E.;
wind light N.E.: 16th, seven very large Geese going S.E.: 20th,
several flocks of Geese going S.E. from 10 a.m. to 12 noon, flying
very high; wind moderate N.W.: 28th, seven flocks of Geese at
intervals from 8 A.M. to 3 P.M. going EL, flying very high; wind
moderate §.: 30th, two Wild Geese; fresh breeze W.; very large,
remained all day. November 3rd, thirteen Wild Geese going S.,
flying high; strong breeze 8.: 18th, seven going S.E., flying
high; gale 8.: 23rd, thirteen Barnacle going S.E.; wind light
S.E.; these birds remain all winter on a small island—Inishduff
—about four miles from station.

Arran Island, S—October 2nd, twenty-eight Barnacle going
N.W.; wind moderate N.; first flock seen this year: 4th, thirty
Barnacle going N.E. ; “hardly ever rest here.”

“ SWANS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 27th, six Swans at 10 a.m.
going 8.W., “flying low and strong”; wind light S.

Drogheda, N—May 28th, one Swan going W.; wind light
N.E., misty. December 12th, one Swan going N.W.; wind
light N., clear; “it came right in from the sea, and seemed

1892] IRISH COAST 329

fatigued; it was not pure white, but light grey on the back,
probably a young bird of the second or third year.”

Common Scorer (Hdemia nigra, Linn.).

Drogheda, Ni—November 29th, one Black Duck on river at
3 P.M.; wind light W., clear; shot—[Head of Common Scoter
received]. December 14th, the Black Duck are in large
numbers, but rarely approach nearer to the land than a quarter
of a mile, where they remain in large flocks, feeding on the
water.
“ DUCKS.”

Hook Tower.— January and February, Wigeon and Duck
observed going up the harbour, as if they came from the 8.
February 22nd, four Black Scoters at 11 A.M. going E.; gale S.E.
March 1st, seven do. going E. April 8th, six Wild Ducks going
E. at 6 AM. November 24th, one Wild Duck going N.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 28th, about thirty Wild
Ducks going S.E.; wind fresh N.W., hail.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—March 1st, several Wild Ducks
the whole night round ship; flying round lantern; wind
moderate N.E., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 30th, flock of Wild Duck
going W. November 16th, flock of do. going 8.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—August. 22nd, seven Wild Ducks
going 8.W. December 29th, large flock of Wild Duck going
N.E. ; wind fresh &., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—November 28th, one flock of Wild
Duck going W.

Drogheda, N.— January 27th, four “Saw-bill” Ducks
(probably Merganser) fishing on river. March 3rd, seven
“Saw-bills” and four Sheldrake all day fishing. May, “have
been told that Sheldrakes used to build on this rabbit-warren.”
June 4th, one Mallard going N.E. October 14th, two Mallard
and three Ducks going N. November Ist, a large flock of

_ Golden-headed Wigeon going N.W.; wind light N.W.: 22nd,

about a hundred Ducks on strand; gale 8. December 4th,
sixteen Ducks and Mallard on strand; snow: 5th, three small
flocks of Wigeon going W.; frosty: 10th, two large flocks of

Duck going N.; strong breeze W,
Y

330 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1892

_

Copeland (Mew) Island—January ist, twenty Wild Ducks
on island; gale N.: 4th, 5th, and 6th, flocks Wild Duck on
island; weather very cold: 14th, about fourteen: 15th to 25th,
twelve to twenty Teal on island. February 2nd, a flock of
Duck on island: 10th, a flock of twelve Teal.

Innishtrahull—January 10th, three Wild Ducks round island
all day.

Tory Island.—February 29th to March 2nd, Wild Duck in
large numbers on island; weather very cold and dry. March
18th, one on lake; very scarce.

Rathlin OBirne—February 25th, one Sheldrake fishing:
27th, one Wigeon on pond at noon.

Killybegs. — October 13th, four Black Ducks going W.
November 26th, seven Ducks passing; “they breed near
station.”

Arran Island, S—November 2nd, two Wild Ducks on lake.

Tearaght.—October 19th, flock of Wild Duck going N.

Birps NOT IDENTIFIED.

Hook Tower.—December 6th, three birds about the size of a
Thrush, marked like a Chaffinch, with top-knots on head, at
10 A.M.; wind fresh N.W., blue sky. [Probably Waxwings.—
R. M. B.]

Arklow North Light-ship.—September 9th, a strange bird, the
size of a Thrush, head and neck white, blue breast, bronze
coloured wings with white feathers, at 6.40 a.m.; flew S.E.;
calm, clear. [Possibly Roller—R. M. B.]

Innishtrahull—February 8th, a strange black bird like a
Jackdaw, but smaller; black legs and bill, nearly same make as
a Blackbird: 29th, a small bird of the Duck species, light
coloured, with top-knot a little larger than a Lapwing, dives
often.

Tearaght.—February 20th, “bird resembling Golden Oriole on
island, could not capture it.”

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Tuskar.—April 30th, “birds have been very scarce this
spring, I suppose owing to our not having much fog; still a dark
cloudy night, when the light is visible a long way off, attracts

1892] IRISH COAST 331

most birds, though .they do not get killed in such numbers, as
they only hover round the light. In foggy weather they strike
the lantern glass like a bullet from a rifle.”

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—* Birds very scarce this year.”

Codling Bank Light-ship—* Birds not very plentiful about
this station,”

Howth Baily.—February, “migration of birds is scarcely notice-

able here, and the station being built on such a narrow point,
there is not room for land birds to be about. Even in foggy
weather very few birds come near the lighthouse.”
Drogheda, N—May 13th, two Bats in the evening, flying
| close to station; wind light 8.W.; first seen here. “The past
season has been the worst ever known for birds.” June 9th,
: three Bats flying about station at 10 p.m. December 14th, “so
: far this has been a very poor season for birds, although the
weather has been very severe for the last fortnight.”

Tory Island.—March 31st to April 4th, a marked absence of
all kinds of birds about station or on island. October 28th to
November 14th, no birds at station. November 24th to 28th,
wild stormy weather, no birds of any kind except Starlings
about island.

Killybegs November, “no birds killed striking this month.”

Tearaght—January 23rd, Long-eared Bat received (probably
that caught 4/11/91).

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334

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

List oF Ligur STATIONS.

4. Mine Head, Waterford,..........

5a. Hook Tower, Wexford,

| 5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford,

6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do.,

7. Tuskar Rock,

do.,

7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do.,

8, Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow,

8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do.,

9a.Codling Bank Lt.-ship, do.,

11. Howth Baily, Dublin,

12. Rockabill,

12a.Drogheda, North, Meath, ......

12a*, Vidal Bank, Down,

120. South Rock Lt.-ship, Down, ...
18. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ...

14a. Maidens South, Antrim,
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal,
21. Rathlin O’Birne, do.,

22. Killybegs,

i er

30. Slyne Head, N., Galway, ......

37. Tearaght, Kerry,

Pete eee eee ewes

1 ~ Schedules Received.

i)

oo

iw)

Remarks

on
Schedules.

Legs, Wings, etc.,
Received,

0 poor.
19 excellent.

3 very good.

f=

excellent.

2 good.

16 very good.

Or

0 very good.

2 very good,

2 excellent.

1 very good.
6 excellent.

0 very good.
0 fair.

1 excellent.

7 very good.
6 very good.
0 fair.

6 very good.
2 fair.

1 very good.

very good.

Spring.

P4

WH OK HM KH we WH Oo Oo WK oO

Autumn.

bd

ow KX OCH HM HM eM MoM OM OM

[1893

s
n
E Names of Observers.
=
— H. Kelly.
J. Higginbotham.
10 P. King, J. Doyle,
and A. B. Wall.

James SBeahan and
T. Luccan.
7 Hamilton Kennedy.
_{ Patrick Cullen and
Daniel Dunn.
E. Broad, J. Kearon,
and N. Burdge.
A. B. Wall and J.
Penston.
W. Clydesdale and H.
. Thompson.
E- Edward M‘Carron and
H. L. Murphy.
5 C. Hawkins,
- George Dunleavy.
- M. Polly.
3 John Kearon.
— RB, Armstrong.
5 Francis Maguire.
6 George Gillespie.
2 John Murray.
- John Kennedy.
— John Harrison.
Charles Hawkins.

The following Stations sent no Schedules, but forwarded specimens:—Old Head,
Kinsale, sent four live Peregrine Falcons and a Manx Shearwater; Ballycotton sent
two Black Redstarts (on different dates) and a Golden-crested Wren; Carlingford Bar,
the Leg and Wing of a Whitethroat; Ardglass, a Curlew; Eagle Island, W., a
Dunlin; Slyne Head, S., a Bittern; Arran Island, N., a Dunlin; and Bull Rock, the
Leg and Wing of a Turtle Dove.

o= No reply.

Spring, replies received from 16 stations.

Legs, Wings, etc,, received, 94.

x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.

Autumn replies received from 17 stations.

1893]

Species.
Peregrine Falcons, }
four, .
! Merlin,
Woodchat Shrike,
_ Spotted Flycatcher,
? 3)
Thrush,
Redwing,
”?
?
Fieldfare,

Blackbird, .

‘3 . :
Black Redstart, .

3)

>
Wheatear,

x)

Sedge Warbler,
two,

29 22

Willow Wren,

” two,

”

Golden-crested
' Wren, ; }

oe 7 2
. Ree’d, in flesh,

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received.

Alive,

{

How Procured.

Taken from
nest,

Date.

1 Timo.

335

Name of Station.

} Old Head, Kinsale.

Ree’d. in flesh, Caughtinhouse, 21/ 3 mo., Near Hook Tower.

Leg and wing, Killed at
Found

99

Killed

9

ed
in flesh,

a)
Leg and wing,
Leg, wing,
{ ond tail, }
Ree’d. in flesh,

20
2

Rec’d.
Killed

2

Leg and wing, 2

Shot, .

At lantern, .
Killed st.,

lantern, 16/ 8 mo.,
dead, 16/ 5 mo.,
17/ 5 mo.,
8/ 1 mo.,
9/ 1 mo.,
10/ 1 mo.,
10/ 1 mo.,
13/11 mo.,
10/ 1 mo.,
15/ 8 mo.,
23/10 mo.,
28/10 mo.,
15/ 8 mo.,

Stage

st.,

18/ 4 mo.,

Sent 29/ 4 mo.,
15/ 5 mo.,
18/ 5 mo.,

2 27/ 5 mo.,

Leg and wing, Killed st., 17/ 5 mo.,
Ree’d, in flesh, 2 24/ 5 mo.,
ss Killed st., 17/ 5 mo.,

Leg and wing, ? Rec’d. 25/ 2 mo.,
Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., 19/ 4 mo.,
” ” 14/ 5 mo.,

= Killedatlantern, 18/ 5 mo.,

Leg and wing, Killed st., 12/ 8 mo.,
” ” 14/ 5 mo.,

Ree’d. in flesh, Killed, 5/ 5 mo.,
Leg and wing, Killed st., 4/ 5 mo.,
Rece’d. in flesh, Pa 16/ 5 mo.,
b - 19/ 4 mo.,
Legsand wings, A 18/ 4 mo.,
Ree’d. in flesh, 7 21/ 4 mo.,

2

9?

”

Leg and wing,

Sent 23/10 mo.,,

Foundondeck, 10/10 mo.,
Killed st.,

3/ 9 mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

Blackwater Bank Lt.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.
Hook Tower.

-sh.

-sh.

> bP]
Blackwater Bank Lt.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.

99

-sh.

-sh.

”

2?

Ballycotion.

a2
Blackwater Bank Lit. -sh.

Maidens, 8.
Hook Tower.

a3 2?

29 32
16/ 8 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Found stunned, 13/ 8 mo.,

Howth Baily.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Maidens, 8.
Innishtrahull.
Killybegs.

Hook Tower.

29

Tuskar.
Carlingford Bar.
Maidens 8.
Innishtrahull.
Killybegs.

Hook Tower.
Maidens 8.

22

22

Ballycotton.

Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
Tuskar.

336

Species.

Golden-crested
Wren,

Yellow Wagtail, .

Skylark,

39

Snow Bunting,

House Sparrow, .

Mealy Redpole,
Twite,
Starling,

Cuckoo,

Turtle Dove,

Pe) 99
Quail,

oe) :
Water-Rail,
Ringed Plover,

»?
Grey Plover,

9? 0
Turnstone, .

Grey Phalarope, .

2? ”

Snipe,

Jack Snipe,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

How Received.

Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,

Skin, .

9?

Rec'd. in flesh,

Leg and wing,

, 92.
Wings,

Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

9?

Rec'd. in flesh,

et

ee
|

Leg and wing,

9

23

Rec'd, in flesh,

?
Leg and wing,

|

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Procured. Date.
Found dead, 15/ 9 mo.,
Killed st., 14/ 9 mo.,
Caught in
out- office, 13] anos
Caught,
2 . 202/11 mo.,
Killedagainst
telephone 11/ 9 mo.,
wire,
Killed, 17/ 1 mo.,
Killed st., 10/ 1 mo.,
18/ 12
2 Rec'd.
24/5 mo.,
Deadonship, 5/11 mo.,
Shot, . 15/11 mo,
Died on ship, 7/11 mo.,
Killed st., 16/10 mo.,
Picked up
dead 18/ 4 mo.,
Killed at
lantern, . 14/ 5 mo.,
Killed against
telephone 8/ 6 mo.,
wire,
2 - S2/865mo.,
Shot, . 19/ 9 mo.,

' Killed on rock, 20/ 4 mo.,

Killed st., 14/ 5 mo.,
5 . 14/ 5mo.,
Found dead, 21/10 mo.,
Shot, . 2/ 1 mo.,
Killed st., 17/ 5 mo.,
Shot, ». 14/ 1 mo.,
one . 9/10 mo.,
Shot, . 9/10 mo.,

2? Ree’d.'24/ 5 mo.,
Dead on deck, 22/ 8 mo.,

Killed st., 17/10 mo.,
Killed st., 13/-14/11 mo.,
2/11mo.,
2 } Ree’d,

4/4/94,

19/ 3 mo., Innishtrahull.

Hook Tower.

[1893

Name of Station.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

3?

Hook Tower.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Innishtrahull.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Hook Tower.

Killybegs.

Slyne Head, N.
Bull Rock.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Drogheda, N.
Maidens 8.

Drogheda, N.

3 2?
Drogheda, N.
Innishtrahull. _
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Slyne Head, N.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.

—

1893]

Leas, WINGS,

Species. How Received.
Dunlin, . ~Leg and wing,
La) * ¥ 9
Leg, wing,
# and bill,
m : . Ree’d. in flesh,

Purple S ndpiper, Leg and wing,
Knot, Ree’d. in flesh,
Common Sandpiper, Leg and wing,
Curlew, Ree’d. in flesh,
Lesser Tern, : ¥
Glaucous Gull, . te

Manx Shearwater,
Black Guillemot,

Eared Grebe, ss
Bittern, : ; i

IRISH COAST

How Procured.

2
Found dead
on deck,

Killed st.,

Caught alive,
2

Killed st.,

Shot, .

Killed st.,

LP]

Disabled st.,
Shot, .

Caught, :

Shot, .

Caughtin pool,

337

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Date. Name of Station.

25/ 2mo., Hook Tower.

6/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

10/ 5mo., Howth Baily.

16/ 5 mo., Hagle Island, W.
24/11 mo., Arran Island, N.
16/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
12/ 1 mo., Drogheda, N.
16/ 7 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
16/ 5 mo., Blackwater Bank Li.-sh.°
16/ 5mo., Drogheda, N.
13/11 mo., Ardglass.
15/ 5 mo., Hook Tower.
2/ 2mo., Killybegs.
Ree’d. with
letter, dated Old Head, Kinsale.
25/ 4 mo.,
15/ 2mo., Killybegs.
6/ 2 mo., bs
27/ 8 mo., Slyne Head, S.

Birds not identified,
Bittern,
Blackbird, .
** Bullfinch,”
Bunting, Snow, .

a Yellow,

Chaffinch, .
Chough,
Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo, .
Curlew,

>, stone,

Diver, F
“Ducks,” .
Dunlin,

Fieldfare, .

Flycatcher, Spotted, .

Gannet,

“* Geese,”

General Ohservatiens,
Golden-crested Wren,
Goldfinch, .

Grebe, Eared,
@reeninel
Guillemot, Black,

mS Common se

Gull, Glaucous, .
Gulls,

‘* Hawks,”
Heron,
Jackdaw,
Kestrel,

Knot,

‘¢ Linnets,”
Magpie,

Manx Gaeanwater,
Martin, House, .
Mealy Redpole, .
Merlin, ;
Missel-Thrush, .

Nightjar, .
Oyster-Catcher, .

Peregrine Falcon,
Petrel, Storm,
Phalarope, Grey,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

>
INDEX.
PAGE
381 | ‘‘ Pigeons,” ;
379 | Plover, Golden, .
343 >, Green,
359 » Grey,
354 », Ringed, .
355 | Puffin, :
355 | Quail,
361 Raven,
378 Razorbill,
366 Redshank, . ;
362 Redstart, Black,
365 Redwing, .
372 Robin, :
867 | Rock-Pipit,
377 | Rook,
oO “Sand Larks,” .
Sandpiper, Common, .
343 - Purple,
340 | Sedge Warbler, .
378 Shag,
Shrike, Woodchat,
379
Skylark, -
382 ’
Snipe, Common,
349
357 » Jack,
Sparrow-Hawk, .
378
Sparrow, Hedge,
357
; House,
376 Bb
Starling,
376 =
Stonechat, .
3874
Swallow,
Si Me »
Swans,
339 | Swift,
379
362 Tern, Lesser,
Terns,
339 Thrush,
371 | Titlark,
358 | Turnstone,
363 Turtle Dove,
375 | Twite, -
364 ““Wagtails,”
357 | Wagtail, Yellow,
339 | Water-Rail,
340 | Wheatear, .
365 | Whimbrel,
Whinchat, .
369 Whitethroat,
339 | Willow Wren,
376 | Woodcock,
369 | Wren,

[1893

TY ee

>.

id oe

Ps tia, Ss OC « ae el Ae See

1893] IRISH COAST 339

PEREGRINE Faucon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Old Head, Kinsale—July, four young Peregrine Falcons
received alive, taken from the nest some time before.

Tearaght—February 28th, “Falcon Hawk” on island; gale
S. March 6th, three “Falcon Hawks” at noon: 8th, three
Peregrine Hawks on island: 25th, one do, April 4th, two.

MERLIN (Falco wsalon, Gmel.).

Hook Tower.—March 21st, a Hawk sent, caught in house by
a gardener at Loftus Hall. [Female Merlin received in flesh.]

KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.).

Howth Baily—February 21st, one. April 10th, observed
several times; breeds in cliffs every summer. June 10th,
breeding. October 7th, one.

Innishtrahull—ZJuly 2nd, one round station.

Tearaght.—February 20th, one noted. April 24th, one on
island at noon.

SPARROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

Drogheda, N.—April 16th, one going S.

Innishtrahulli—Jualy 2nd, “Sparrow-Hawks come and go.”
December 22nd, one stopped on island.

Rathlin OBirne.—February 11th, one “ Sparrow-Hawk”
hovering at noon. April 21st, one “Sparrow-Hawk” hovering.

Tearaght.—February 20th, two, and one Kestrel on island.

“ HAWKS.”

Hook Tower,—September 21st, small Hawk at station watching
tame Pigeon: 26th, two going N.W. at daylight; gale N.W.
October 5th, three going N.E. at 11 a.M.; wind light W.: 10th,
three at station: 18th, Hawk and Raven fighting in air at
station at 2 p.M.; wind ight N.; Hawk flew off first.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 15th, one small Hawk at 1 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island—September 27th, a large Hawk on
island.

Tearaght.—April 4th, Hawks nearly always here.

340 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
_
WOooDcHAT SHRIKE (Lanius pomeranus, Sparrman).

Blackwater Bank LInght-ship—August 16th, several small
birds about light from 9 P.M. to daylight; one killed; wind
moderate S.W., rain and_fog. [Leg and wing of young Woodchat
Skrike received, labelled “ the first of this species killed at this
station.— P. CuLLEN and D. Dunn.” Agrees exactly with a
young male from Seville, July 9th, 1869, E. Mus. Howard
Saunders.—R. M. B.]

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 17th, one “small bird”
found dead at 9 A.M.; wind light 8.E., clear. [Leg and wing of
Spotted Flycatcher received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—[May 16th, Spotted Flycatcher
found dead on deck. Leg and wing received. ]

MisseL-THruse (Z'urdus viscwworus, Linn.).

Howth Baily—dJune 20th, some birds like Fieldfares, only
more grey, are here this summer again; they may be young
Missel-Thrushes. July 30th, these birds are now gone.

TurusH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—[January 8th, Leg and wing of Thrush received,
killed striking.] April 16th, Larks, Thrushes, and Warblers
round light; wind fresh 8.W., fog. October 8th, Starlings, Larks,
and Thrushes about light; “first autumn observation of birds
round lantern;” two Thrushes and one Blackbird killed;
drizzling rain: 19th, some, with Fieldfares, Blackbirds, and
Larks, round light; one killed striking: 20th, one.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 17th, flocks: 20th, two at
light. November 13th and 14th, Thrushes, with Larks, Black-
birds, and Starlings, at lantern; some killed: 16th, numbers of
birds, including Thrushes ; several killed (see under Skylark).

Tuskar.—September 23rd, Thrushes and Blackbirds all night
round light; some killed; wind 8.W., fog. October 5th,
Thrushes, with Blackbirds and Larks, round light all night.
November 10th, Thrushes all night round light; wind N.W.:
13th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks round light: 15th, do. ;
largest rush for season.

1893] IRISH COAST 341

Blackwater Bank Lnight-ship—February 26th, flock going
N.W. at 11 a.m.; wind moderate N.W. March 7th, flock
about light at 10 p.m.; wind light N.W. October 31st, flocks,
with Blackbirds and Starlings, going N.W. November 5th,
flocks, with Larks and other birds: 7th, a flock: 8th, flocks
Linnets and Thrushes: 10th, some: 12th, Thrushes about light:
13th and 14th, numbers of birds about light; some were
Thrushes; many birds killed (see full note under Blackbird):
24th, a flock: 29th, Thrushes about light from 8 P.M. to 10 P.M.;
strong breeze S.W.: 30th, Thrushes about light from 6.50 p.m.
to 10 p.m.; fresh breeze N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 6th, several Thrushes
about light during night ; one killed striking; wind lght S.W.
December 5th, “ Thrushes and various other birds about light
during night; wind moderate S.W., gloomy; one Thrush and
one ‘Finch’ found on deck killed”: 19th, several flocks of
Starlings, Thrushes, Linnets, and “ Finches” going N. during
day ; strong breeze 8.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 6th, several flocks of
birds going N.W. from noon to 4 P.M, flying high; Thrushes
and Starlings about light from 8 P.M. to midnight: 7th, flocks
going N.W.; strong breeze §.E., sleet; four Thrushes on upper
deck for some hours; several birds about light at night; some
killed, fell overboard: 8th, 9th, and 11th, Thrushes about
light; wind variable. October 17th, some about ship, with
several other species, going N.W. (see full note under Linnet).
December 28th, several; some striking at 11 P.M.; wind moderate
S.W., hazy, rain; two killed.

Rockabill—September 11th, four on rock in the morning;
wind N.E. October 1st, four at 6 aM.; wind light W.: 23rd,
five, and ten Starlings at lantern; some striking. Deceniber
22nd and 25th, Blackbirds and Thrushes round lantern; a few
struck.

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 8th, some here all day;
strong breeze E. October 7th, some Thrushes and Lapwing
here at night; wind light S.E., drizzle and haze; a few killed.
_ November 13th, rush of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks; large
numbers striking, a few killed.

Maidens South—F¥ebruary 6th, rush, with Larks (twenty)
from 8 P.M. to 2 A.M. round lantern; strong breeze S.W., clear,

342 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

March 6th, rush of Thrushes, Larks, Blackbirds, and Curlew
from 9 P.M. to 3 AM. round lantern; Curlew going N.E.; wind
light W., clear: 7th, rush of Thrushes, Larks, etc., from 9 P.M.
to 3 aM. round lantern; wind moderate N.W., clear. April
13th, rush of Larks, Thrushes, and other birds round light:
17th, “Thrushes, etc.,” round lantern from 10 p.m. to 1 AM;
fresh breeze S.E.: 18th, some round lantern from 9 P.M. to 2 A.M.;
wind light 8. October 7th, some, with Larks, round lantern ;
misty. November 13th, rush of Larks, Thrushes, and other
birds; light breeze S.E., misty.

Innishtrahull—January 14th, four struck at 10 P.M, one
killed; fresh breeze W., foggy. November 14th, rush of
Thrushes and other birds (see full note under Blackbird).

Slyne Head, N—November 6th, Thrushes, Starlings, and
Blackbirds about lantern all night; “several lit at lantern ;”
hazy. December 21st, fifteen on island.

REDWING (Z'urdus iiacus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—[January 9th, Leg and wing of Redwing
received, killed striking] October 17th, two “Mountain
Thrushes” at lantern from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.; wind light N.
[Perhaps Redwings.—R. M. B.]

Backwater Bank Laght-ship—|January 10th, Leg and wing
of Redwing received, killed striking.]

Arklow South LInght-ship—January, several birds of various
kinds about light during night of 9th and morning of 10th; a
few killed striking; wind light S.E. [Leg and wing of Skylark
and of Redwing received. |

Rockabiil_—October 17th, four Redwings on rock at 6 AM.;
wind light N.E. November 15th, Redwings and other birds
at lantern from midnight to 4 A.m.; fresh breeze 8.E., misty;
some of each kind killed.

Innishtrahull.—April 10th, one caught striking at 11 P.M.;
wind light W., rain: 14th, one killed striking at 10.30 P.m.;
fresh breeze S.W., rain. October 7th, five “Thrushes” (Red-
wings) stopped on island; first arrival; wind light S.W.
November 14th (see full note under Blackbird),

Tearaght—February 10th, a flock; gale N.W. March 3rd,
flock all day on island; strong breeze S.W., misty.

tl

1893] IRISH COAST 343

FIELDFARE (7urdus pilaris, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 19th, Fieldfares, Thrushes, Blackbirds,
and Larks round light from 1 AM. to 4 A.M.; wind light N.,
clear; one Fieldfare and one Blackbird wounded, one Thrush
and two Larks killed.

Tuskar.—November 12th and 13th, Fieldfares, Starlings, and
Chaffinches (several) all night round light; wind W.; several
killed.

Rockabill.— November 15th, Fieldfares and other birds at
lantern from midnight to 4 A.M., some of each kind killed;
fresh breeze S.E., misty.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 13th and 14th, num-
bers of birds round lantern (see under Blackbird). [Leg and
wing of Fieldfare received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 4th, flocks of Fieldfares
from 9 P.M. to midnight, several struck; wind light W., night
calm, gloomy.

Innishtrahull,—November 9th, three on island ; first arrival ;
wind light S.E., clear: 14th, rush of Fieldfares and other birds
(see full note under Blackbird).

Rathlin O Birne—March 12th, seven on island at 10 A.M.;
strong breeze 8.W., cloudy.

Tearaght.—March 1st, several Fieldfares and flock of Ravens
on island in the morning; gale W.

BLACKBIRD (Zurdus merula, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 8th, Starlings, Larks, and Thrushes
about light; first birds round lantern this autumn; one male
Blackbird killed: 19th, some, with Fieldfares and other birds,
about light; one Blackbird wounded: 20th, one male killed
at lantern. November 13th, 14th, and 15th, “Wild Duck,
Blackbird, Chaffinches, Grey and Green Linnets at lantern.”
“Blackbirds are very rarely to be seen here.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 13th and 14th, some killed
striking: 16th, rush of Larks and other birds, including
Blackbird.

Tuskar.— September 23rd, Thrushes and Blackbirds all
night round light. October 5th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks
all night round light ; several killed, mostly Blackbirds; wind

344 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

:
S.W., fog. November 10th, some all night round light; wind
N.W.: 13th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks all night round
light; several killed; wind 8.W.: 15th, do.; wind W., fog;
largest rush for season.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—[January 10th, Leg and wing
of Blackbird received, killed striking.] February 18th, flocks,
with Larks, about light from 8 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate
S.W. August 15th—[Leg and wing of Blackird received, killed
striking]. October 16th, two about ship; one killed: 19th,
several, with Larks, about ship from 8 P.M. to daylight;
five killed: 31st, several flocks, with Thrushes and Starlings,
going N.W. from 8.30 am. to 10 A.M.; wind moderate N.E.
November 12th, flock about light; fresh breeze E.: 13th and
14th, “several Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, Chaffinches, Snipe,
Starling, and two Storm Petrels about light from 6.30 P.M. to
daylight ; forty birds killed and two disabled ”—[Leg and wing
of Fieldfare and Snipe received]; wind 8.E., gloomy: 25th, flock
going W. at 2.45 P.M.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 12th, “one killed during
night.” :

Arklow North Light-ship.— January ‘7th, flocks of birds,
including Blackbirds, going N.W. from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.; strong
breeze S.E., sleet; several birds about light at night, some
killed and fell overboard. July 17th, one hen Blackbird killed
striking at 12.30 a.M.; wind moderate N.W. October 17th,
some about ship (see full note under Linnet).

Codling Bank Light-ship—October 7th, several going N. W.
in the forenoon; wind light N.

Reeth) Be pemibes 10th, two on rock in the morning;
strong breeze EK. October 17th, four at 6 4.M.; wind light N.E.:
31st, ten, with other birds; none striking (see full note under
Greenfinch). November 2nd, some noted: 3rd, flock going W.
at noon; strong breeze W.: 15th, Blackbirds and other birds at
lantern from midnight to 4 A.M.; some of each kind killed;
wind fresh S.E., misty. December 22nd, ten, and some
Thrushes, round lantern at midnight; four struck: 25th,
Blackbirds and Thrushes round lantern at 8 pP..; fresh
breeze N.W., blue sky; two struck glass; some on rock in
the morning: 31st, ten round lantern at midnight; wind
light N.W,

ae ee ee eee

1893] IRISH COAST 345

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 4th, some here all day;
wind light 5.W., frost: 8th, some, April Ist, several, evidently
going to breed here. October 7th, some at night; wind light
S.E., drizzle; a few killed. November 13th, some, with
Thrushes and Larks, from 8 P.M. to midnight; wind light S.E. ;
large numbers striking, a few killed. Blackbirds frequent the
island all the autumn and winter.

Maidens South.—March 6th, rush of Thrushes, Larks, Black-
birds, and Curlew. April 18th, “Blackbirds, etc.,” round lantern
from 9 P.M. to 2 AM.; wind moderate S. October 7th, some,
with Larks and Thrushes, at lantern. November 13th, rush of
Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and other birds: 14th, two Black-
birds on rock.

Innishtrahull.—November 14th, “ the last three nights a great
number of birds have been killed at the lantern: on the 11th,
eighteen were killed and a large number got away without
injury: on the 12th, twenty-three, and a good many not injured :
on the 13th, fifty-nine, and some not injured; some more
disabled. The greater part of all these birds were Blackbirds,
Thrushes, Fieldfares, and Skylarks, some five or six Starlings,
and five Snow Bunting, the others were about equal in numbers ;
weather gloomy and hazy.—Gero. GILLespis.” “The usual
number of Thrushes (Redwing, Fieldfare, and Garden), Black-
birds, Green Linnets, Snow Bunting, Wrens, etc., visited the
island-during the quarter.”

Rathlin O Birne—March 10th, three on island at 9 A.M. ; fresh
breeze N.W.

Slyne Head, N.—November 6th, some all night about lantern;
hazy: 11th, do.; two females killed; wind E., hazy. December
19th, 20th, and 21st, one on island all day.

Tearaght.—March 3rd, five on island all day ; strong breeze
mW,

HEDGE SPARROW (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

Rockabill_ October 31st, twenty at lantern and on rock, with
other birds.

Tearaght.—July 21st, six on rock at noon; wind light N.W.

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 17th, one disabled at lantern at 11 P.M.;

wind moderate N., clear.
Z

346 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

Howth Baily. — March 8th, one about station to - day.
November 1st and December 12th, one at station.

Rockabill—October 21st, two Robin Redbreasts on rock at
11 A.M.; strong breeze 8.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 1st and 4th, one seen on
island all day; gale E., frost: 30th, one. February 25th, one.

Tearaght—January 31st, two on island, with a few Larks
and Starlings. March 5th, two on island; wind light N.W.

BLAcK RepstTart (Ruticilla titys, Scopoli).

Ballycotton—October 23rd, unknown bird sent, shot—[ Black
Redstart received in flesh]: 28th, “Black Redstart shot at
12.30 P.M.; we sighted it the day after shooting the other; the
first one shot appeared cold and tired, the second full of energy.”
[Received in flesh.]

Slyne Head, N.—November 11th, two Redstarts all day on
island. December 21st, one do. [Probably Black Redstarts.—
i vi. .B. |

SToNECHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.):

Maidens South—March 8th, two on rock all day; wind light
W. April 13th, Larks, Thrushes, Stonechats, and Warblers
round light: 14th, three; wind light W.: 17th, Stonechats and
other birds round lantern from 10 p.m. to 1 a.M.; fresh breeze
S.E., rain.

Rathlin O’ Birne. — March 2nd, numbers of Stonechats on
island all day; wind moderate 8., fog. April 2nd, sixteen all
day ; fresh breeze S.W.

Tearaght.—March 6th, five Stonechats on island at noon;
wind light N: 25th, seven at 8 A.M.; wind light 8.W., misty.

Wuincuat (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Tuskar—August 12th, Whinchat noted (see under White-
throat): 28th, one on rock at noon; wind light S.W., hazy.

WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 10th, three on rock at 8 A.M.; wind 8.W.,
gloomy.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— April 12th, one on deck;
wind light N.E.: 22nd, several about light from 9 PM. to

fein 2 he aw

ae

1893] IRISH COAST 347

midnight. August 15th, several “small birds” about light all
night; wind light 8.W., fog; one killed. [Leg and wing of
Wheatear received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—April 11th, several small birds
about light from 10 p.m. to 11 P.M.; wind light N.E., light haze;
one Wheatear killed. August 12th, several about light; fog;
one caught.

Howth Baily—March 19th, first seen this year. September
13th, two or three near station.

Drogheda, N.—April 12th, three; first seen this season.
July 12th, five young ones about station; rare here this season.
September 27th, two.

Maidens South.—April 18th, “ Stonechat” killed striking at
10 p.M.; wind moderate 8. [Leg, wing, and tail of Wheatear
received. |

LInnishtrahull—April 1st, ten on island: 13th, two killed
striking at 2 a.M.: 18th, three struck at 3 A.M.; strong breeze
S.H.: 23rd, thirty on island; wind light N.W. September 4th,
one struck at 1] P.M.: 13th, two struck at 11 PM.; fog.
“Wheatears hatch on island.”

Tearaght—March 24th, five on island; strong breeze 8.E.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechstein).

Hook Tower—April 29th, “ Warbler” sent—[Sedge Warbler —
received in flesh]. May 14th and 15th, “ Warblers” killed at
lantern; five or six from 11 P.M. to 1.30 A.M.; wind §.E., gloomy,
fog—[Two Sedge Warblers and one Whitethroat received in
flesh]: 18th, three Warblers picked up dead at base of tower;
wind 8. [Sedge Warbler and Whitethroat received. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship— August 16th, Leg and wing of
Sedge Warbler received. ]

Howth Baily—August 12th, fog to-night; Willow Wren
found stunned—[Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler received];
small birds flying through rays of light.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 16th, a bird found dead on
balcony of lighthouse, species not known: 17th, several birds
flying in rays of light; appear to be same species as that killed
previous night. » [May 27th, Sedge Warbler received in flesh;
perhaps killed on 16th,]

348 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

-

Maidens South—{May 17th, Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler
received, killed striking. |

Innishtrahull—t|[May 24th, Sedge Warbler received in flesh.]

Killybegs. —[May 17th, Sedge Warbler received in flesh,
killed striking. ]

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechstein).

Hook Tower—{¥ebruary 25th, Leg and wing of Whitethroat
received; date when killed not given.} April 19th, two
“Warblers” killed striking at night; wind light S.W., fog—
[Whitethroat and Willow Wren received in flesh]. May 14th
and 15th, “ Warblers” killed at lantern; five or six from 11 P.M.
to 1.30 aM.; wind S.E., gloomy, fog—[Whitethroat and two
Sedge Warblers received in flesh]: 18th, three Warblers picked
up dead at base of tower; wind S. [Whitethroat and Sedge
Warbler received. |

Tuskar—[August 12th, Leg and wing of a Whitethroat,
killed striking, received.]

Howth Baily—April 20th, Whitethroat found killed on 7
balcony. : |

Carlingford Bar—[May 14th, Leg and wing of Whitethroat ;
received, killed striking. ]

Maidens South—May 5th, twenty Whitethroats and small
birds ; seven killed between 10 p.m. and 2 A.M.; wind light S.E.,
misty—[Whitethroat received in flesh]: 6th, three at sash at
11 p.M.; wind light S.E. .

Innishtrahull_—May 4th, one killed striking at 2 AM.; wind
moderate S.E, [Leg and wing received on 24th; possibly above]:
8th, seven on island at noon; strong breeze S.E., gloomy: 17th,
two struck at i A.M.; strong breeze S.E.., fog.

Killybegs—{[May 16th, Whitethroat received in flesh, killed
striking. ]

i Tt.- Ale ee

WiLLow WrEN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 19th, two “ Warblers” killed striking ;
fog. [Willow Wren and Whitethroat received in flesh.]

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 14th, six “Sallypickers or
Wrens” lighted on board during forenoon, — flew for shore;
wind light E., light haze.

Maidens South—April 18th, two small green birds killed

1893] IRISH COAST 349

striking at 10 P.M.; wind moderate S. [Legs and wings of two
Willow Wrens received]: 21st, “Warbler or Willow Wren”
killed striking at 1 a.M.; wind light E.; misty—[Willow Wren
received in flesh]. May 3rd, two Willow Wrens at sash at
11 P.M; wind light S.E., misty.

Innishtrahull—[May 24th, Willow Wren received in flesh. ]
October 14th, one “ Willow Warbler” stopped on island; wind
moderate 8.W., fog.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Lallycotton.—[ October 23rd, Golden-crested Wren received in
flesh. ]

Coningbeg Light-ship.— October 10th, small bird found on
deck. [Golden-crested Wren received in flesh.]

Tuskar.—September 3rd, one at 11 p.m. killed striking;
wind light W., fog. [Leg and wing received. ]

Blackwater Bank Lnight-ship—September 15th, one found
dead; wind moderate S.W. [Leg and wing received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship.—September 15th, “several very
small birds about light during night; wind light 8.W., dark but
clear; two killed, name not known.” [Golden-crested Wren
received in flesh, labelled “Little bird killed on night of
14th.]

Howth Baily—sSeptember 2nd, Golden Wren caught at
lantern at 11.30 P.M.; calm, haze: 9th, another caught at 10 p.m;
wind moderate N.E., clear: 12th, one caught at lantern at 4 a.m;
calm, haze (strong breeze from the E. for some days previously):
17th, one caught at lantern at 12.15 A.M.; strong breeze W.
October 8th, one caught at 11.30 pm. November 14th, one
caught at 10 P.M.

Rockabill—September 10th, two on rock in the morning;
strong breeze E. [One caught in out-office, sent on 15th,
received in flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island. — October 4th, flocks of Golden-
crested Wrens from 9 P.M. to midnight; fifteen struck, not
disabled ; night calm; wind light W., gloomy.

LInnishtrahull,—March 19th, “ Fire or Gold Crest caught ”—
[Skin of Golden-crested Wren received]. November 20th, one
Gold-Crest caught on lantern at 11 p.m; fresh breeze N.E.,
hazy.

300 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
:

WreEN (Troglodytes parvuius, Koch).

Hook Tower.—October 16th, Common Wren disabled at 9.30
P.M.; wind light W., haze: 17th, one at station, probably the
same.

Coningbeg Light-ship—oOctober 19th and 20th, one Wren
noted.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—October 5th, one in ship.

Rockabill—sSeptember 28th, two on rock at 9 a.M.; fresh
breeze S.W.

Drogheda, N.—December 1st, one Common Wren on balcony
of lighthouse at 4.15 p.m.; rarely seen about here; wind
moderate N.E., clear and frosty.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—-December 3rd, a Wren on island
to-day.

Maidens South.—March 8th, one on rock at 8 A.M.: 9th, one
at noon. April 14th, one. November 14th, one on rock.

Innishtrahull—December, “the usual number of Wrens
visited the island during the quarter.” ’

Slyne Head, N.—December 21st, two Common Wrens on
island all day.

Tearaght.—January 17th, four on island; gale N. March
18th, a few: 30th, and April 24th, do.; these birds frequent
the island.

YELLOW WacralL (AMotacilla Rati, Bonaparte).

Hook Tower—September 11th, unknown bird killed against
telephone wire. [Yellow Wagtail received in flesh.]

“ W AGTAILS.”

Fook: Tower—May 12th, one ‘Common Waetail at station at
4Pp.M.; wind light S.E.; first seen here. September 8th, a large
flock of “Common Grey Wagtails” collected on the banks or cliffs
round station from 9 a.M. to about 3 p.m. “There were eight or
nine at first, but before leaving there must have been fifty ;
about ten or twelve of them appeared more marked in colour of
plumage than the others. They allowed us to approach quite
close. They all left together, and flew off W.; weather clear,
gale N.W.—J. Hiccinporuam.” September 23rd, two “Grey

1893] IRISH COAST 351

Wagtails” at station at 1 p.M.; gale N.: 25th, two “Grey Wag-
tails” going N. at 9 a.m.; fresh breeze W. October 3rd, two
pairs of “Grey Wagtails” noted.

Tuskar.— August 28th, “White Wagtail” at 10 am.; wind
light S.W. -

Arklow South Light-ship—April 23rd, two going N.W. at
11 A.M.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 5th, Water Wagtail on deck
at 6 AM.; wind light S.W., clear; went N.W. in half an
hour.

Howth Barly. August 29th, Wagtails in garden. September
13th, three about station.. November 1st, one at station.

Maidens South.—March 8th, two on rock at 8 A.m.; flew W.;
wind light 8.W.: 10th, two at 7 a.m.; flew W. April 24th,
two; flew W. November 3rd, one on rock all day: 14th, one
rested and flew W.

Innishirahull—April Ist, one Pied Wagtail on island.
October 4th, one do. stopped on island.

Lathlin O Birne.-—April 18th, two Wagtails all day; fresh
breeze S. ;

Tearaght—March 8th, two “Willy Wagtails” on island;
wind light N.E., fog.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— September, about station every day.

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 14th, one on deck; flew
N.E.

Tuskar.—September 9th, one killed striking.

Arklow South Light-ship.—August 16th, several about light ;
one killed.

Arklow North Light-ship.— October 17th, some, with other
species, about ship or going N.W. (see full note under Linnet).

Rockabill—September 15th, twenty on rock; misty. October
31st, some, with other birds, at lantern and on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 30th, a number have nests on
the island at present ; eggs in some, and young birds in others.

Maidens South. October 30th, three on rock; flew W.

Innishtrahull_—February 12th, four at glass at 9 P.M.; snow.
May 18th, four Meadow Pipits struck at 11.30 pm.; fresh
breeze S.E., fog. September 11th, two do. at glass at 1 AM.;

302 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
~

misty: 13th, three “Pipits” at glass at 10.40 pm; _ fog.
“Meadow Pipits hatch on island.”

Tearaght.—January 1st, numbers on island in the morning ;
gale S.E. March 30th, twenty noted; wind moderate S.
April 24th, they frequent the island. July 21st, “Titlarks
numerous to-day, some always here” ; wind light N.W.

Rock-Pipit (Anthus obscurus, Lath.).

Hook Tower—September, Rock-Pipits about station every
day.
Tearaght.—March 8th, one on island; fog.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 16th, Larks, Thrushes, Warblers, and
Swallows round light all night; wind fresh S.W., fog; one
Warbler killed. September 29th, large flocks of Larks all
day about station; gale W. October 5th, one killed striking
at 11 pM.; clear: 8th, Larks, with Starlings and other birds,
about light: 12th, 13th, and 14th, numerous round station; two
killed: 17th, one Skylark killed at 8 p.m; clear: 18th, large
flocks Larks near station: 19th, two, and one Thrush, killed
striking.

Coningbeg Light-ship.cNovember 12th, a few flocks of Larks,
Linnets, and Starlings going N.W. for land during day; strong
breeze S.E.: 15th and 14th, several, with Thrushes, Blackbirds,
and Starlings, flying round lantern from 6 P.M. to daylight, when
they flew towards land; wind S.E. and N.E.; about a dozen of
each killed: 16th, numbers of Larks, Linnets, Thrushes, Black-
birds, and Starlings flying round at 7 P.M.; strong breeze §.,
haze and rain; several killed; birds went away in the morning.
December 23rd, several flocks of Skylarks going S.W.; wind
light W., clear. ’

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 7th, two Larks on board
at 11 AM.

Tuskar.—October 5th, Larks round light all night; wind
S.W., fog. November 13th, do.: 15th, do.; largest rush for
season.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 17th, several Larks
about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate N.W.;
three killed—[Leg and wing of Skylark received]: 22nd, flock

ee Tee ee | ee ee

.
.
:
7
;
;

1893] IRISH COAST 353

going N.W. at 1.30 pm. February Sth, three about light:
18th, flocks, with Blackbirds, about light: 21st, two on deck;
went N.E.: 28th, flock about light from 8 P.M. to 11 P.M.; strong
breeze S.W. October 19th, Blackbirds and Larks about ship.
November 5th, several flocks of Larks, Chaffinches, Linnets,
and Thrushes from daylight to 2 p.m. going N.W.; wind
moderate N.W.: 12th, Larks about light; fresh breeze E.:
13th and 14th, some at light (see under Blackbird); many
birds killed: 24th, Larks noted: 27th, flock going N. at
11 a.m.: 29th, Larks noted.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 9th, one going N.; several
birds of various kinds about light on night of 9th and morning
of 10th; a few killed striking; wind light S.E. [Leg and wing
of Skylark and of Redwing received]: 12th, Skylarks going
S.E. December 25th, two flocks going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship.January 7th, several flocks Larks
and other birds going N.W. from 10 a.m. to 4 PM.; strong
breeze 8.E., sleet; two Skylarks on upper deck caught alive ;
several birds about light at night; some killed, fell overboard :
8th, several flocks of Skylarks going N.W. from noon to 4 P.M.;
strong breeze S.E., rain: 8th and 9th, Skylarks about light:
13th and 19th, one going N.W. March 5th, flock going N.W.:
6th, six going N.W.: 14th, one about ship. October 9th, several
going N.W.: 17th, Larks about ship (see full note under
Linnet).

Codling Bank Inght-ship—January 3rd, flock at 3.30 P.M.:
4th, great flocks of Larks all day: 5th, 6th, and 7th, great
flocks noted: 8th, some on ship: 12th, several at midday.
Flocks of Larks noted all through October in daytime going
in various directions, but generally W.N.W.; none noted about
light. November 2nd, great numbers: 4th, Larks going N.W.

Rockabill—October 31st, some about light. November 2nd,
some noted: 15th, Skylarks at lantern from midnight to 4 A.M.;
fresh breeze S.E., misty; some killed: 30th, flock going W.
December 4th, two on rock.

South Rock Light-ship—October 4th, several about light ;
one struck: 5th, several during day going W.: 7th, several
flocks Larks going W. during day, and several flocks about
light; wind light N.E.; three struck: 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th,
and 13th, Larks going W.: 16th, 17th, and 19th, Larks going

354 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

;
W. during day: 18th and 19th, about light; wind variable,
clear. December 3rd, several Larks going N.W. at 11 am:
4th, a few going N.W. at 10 am.: 14th, several going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 7th, large numbers from
midnight to 6 A.M.; wind light S.E., drizzle; large number
killed) and disabled. November 13th, rush of Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks ; numbers striking, a few killed.

Maidens South—January 4th, one killed at 4 aM. February
6th, twenty at lantern: 13th, seven round lantern at mid-
night; one killed. March 6th and ‘7th, Thrushes, Larks,
and other birds round lantern. April 13th, Larks, Thrushes,
Stonechats, and Warblers round lantern from 10 P.M. to 2 A.M.;
wind light S.W., clear: 17th, Larks round lantern at night;
fresh breeze S.E., rain. October 7th, Larks, Thrushes, and
Blackbirds flying at lantern from midnight to 4 A.M.; six Larks
killed; wind moderate N.E., misty: 8th, Larks going W.: 24th,
nine going 8.W.: 30th, November 3rd and 7th, a few going
W.: 15th, a rush of Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Green Plover,
and Starlings flying round lantern from midnight to 5 AM.;
wind light S.E.,, misty: 14th, three Larks on rock.

Inmshtrahuil—February 12th, one Skylark at glass ; snow.
March 11th, five struck at 1 am; four killed; gale S.W.,
showery. April 11th, two killed striking at 1.30 a.m; wind
moderate S.W., drizzle: 18th, five struck at 3 AM.; strong
breeze 8.E., misty. “Skylarks hatch on island.” November
14th, great rush of Skylarks and other birds the last three
nights (see full note under Blackbird),

Rathlin O Birne—March 2nd, numbers on island; wind &.,
fog.

Slyne Head, N—November 6th, birds about light all night ;
Skylarks and Linnets from 10 P.M. to 4 A.M.; seven Larks killed;
hazy: 14th, Skylarks on island all day.

Tearaght—January 31st, “five Larks, twenty Starlings, and
two Robins on island in the morning; striking, none killed.”
February 10th, Larks striking. March 18th, fock round lantern
at midnight ; some striking; misty.

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 29th, ten; the first this season ;
remained a short time, and had hardly any white feathers, being

1893] IRISH COAST 355

quite grey in colour; gale W. October 3rd, six; strong breeze
W.: 18th, white Snow Buntings at 2 p.M.; wind light N.; first
‘ white ones.—J. H1GGINBOTHAM.

Tuskar.—October 27th, some on rock; wind W., foggy.

Rockabill —November 4th, four on rock; gale N.E.

Drogheda, N—November 27th, large flock ; strong gale N.W.

Maidens South—November 3rd, two “Snow birds” on rock ;
flew W.; wind light S.

Inmshtrahull—January 18th, two struck at 8 P.M.; one
killed; wind light 8.W., drizzle—[Wings of Snow Bunting
received May 24th, perhaps those of above]. September 23rd,
“thirteen coming from the N.” at 4 p.M.; gale N.W., hail: 27th,
“five coming from the N.” at noon; wind moderate N.W.
October 27th, eighteen stopped on island; strong breeze N.W.,
rain. November 14th, great rush of birds last three nights,
chiefly Blackbirds; five Snow Buntings noted.

Rathlin O Birne—April 2nd, one all day; fresh breeze 8.W.

Kullybegs.—December 31st, fourteen “ Bunting,’ all young
birds; wind light N.E. [Snow Bunting ?—R. M. B.]

Slyne Head, N—November 8th, eleven all day on island;
wind N.E., clear, frost. December 10th, 11th, and 12th, some
all day.

Tearaght.—January 17th, ten; gale N. February 28th, ten;
gale 8.

YELLOW Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Rockabill— November 5th, two at 10 A.M.; went W.; fresh
breeze N.E.
Tearaght.—April 10th, two on island; wind moderate E.

CHAFFINCH (fringiila celebs, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 19th, one at station; wind light N.
November 13th, 14th, and 15th, “Wild Duck, Blackbird,
Chaffinches, Grey and Green Linnets at lantern.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 19th, one about deck; wind
light S.W. November 19th, two, and two Green Linnets settled
on ship at 10 A.M., and remained all day; gale N.E.

Tuskar.—September 27th, all night round light. November
12th and 15th, several round light all night.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—sSeveral, with Linnets and two

356 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
_

Blackbirds, from 11 P.M. on October 16th to 6 A.M. on the 17th,
about ship; wind variable, rain; one bird killed. November
5th, flocks of Larks, Chaffinches, and other birds going N.W.:
13th and 14th, numbers of birds about light, some were
Chaffinches; many birds killed (see full note under Blackbird).

Arklow South Light-ship—February 3rd, several about ship
at 10 A.M.; wind light 8.W. November 12th, various small
birds during day going N.W.; two Chaffinches rested on
ship.

Arklow North Light-ship.—At intervals during March one
noted about ship; also on May 16th, and October 11th and
17th.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship.—October 4th, flocks between 10 A.M.
and 4 p.m.: 5th, flocks going N.W.: 6th, flocks going W. from
10 A.M. to noon; wind moderate N.: 9th, flocks noted between
9 aM. and noon: 14th, great flocks of Chaffinches going N.W.
from 9.40 A.M. to 11 A.M.; wind light E.: 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th,
20th, 28th, and 30th, Chaffinches noted, always between 9 A.M.
and 2 p.M.; wind variable. (Direction of flight not always
entered, but when given was W.N.W.) November 3rd, great
numbers of Chaffinches: 4th and 6th, Chaffinches going
N.W.

Howth Baily—January 18th, Chaffinches about station since
the beginning of month. October 5th, one struck and was
caught at 7 p.M.: 6th, one caught at glass at 7 p.M.: 12th, one
struck at 8 p.M., caught. November 29th, two in daytime.
December 4th, four.

Rockabill—September 20th, fifteen on rock at 10 4.m.; fresh
breeze N.W. October 13th, thirty on rock; fresh breeze S.W.:
31st, fifty at lantern and on rock, with other birds, some
striking. November 2nd, some noted: 15th, Chaffinches and
other birds at lantern from midnight to 4 A.M.; some of each
kind killed; fresh breeze S.E., misty. December 14th, fifteen
on rock in the morning.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 6th, several going W. at
9 asM.; wind light N.W.

Maidens South.—April 26th, two at 4 a.m.; flew W.; foggy.
October 8th and 30th, November 7th and 14th, two or three
noted on rock or going W.

Slyne Head, Ni—November 11th, female killed striking.

1893] IRISH COAST 357

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Codling Bank Light-ship—[November 5th, Leg and wing of
House Sparrow received, found dead on ship.]

Drogheda, Ni—May 30th, some hundreds of House Sparrows
about dwelling-house all day; it is very unusual to see so
many about here; wind light N., clear.

Tearaght.—April 5th, two “Sparrows” on island; wind
light 8.

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.). .

Hook Tower.—November 13th, 14th, and 15th, Green Linnets
at lantern (see under Chaftfinch).

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 19th, two and two Chaf-
finches on ship all day; gale N.E. December 3rd, four on ship
at 8.30 A.M. “Gave them some food; did not see them next day.”

Arklow South Light-ship—April 4th, one going 8.W.

Rockabill—October 9th, twenty at 5 aM. round lantern:
31st, fifty, with other birds, at lantern and on rock from 2 A.M.
to noon. November 2nd, some noted: 15th, Greenfinches and
other birds at lantern from midnight to 4 a.M.; some of each
kind killed; fresh breeze S.E., misty. December 9th, a few on
rock at noon; flew W.: 12th, flock in the morning; flew W.:
14th, twenty on rock in the morning.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 9th, “G. Linnets” going W.
during day; wind moderate S.E. November 28th, one going
N.W. December 3rd, “G. Linnets” going N.W.

Innishtrahull—December, “the usual number of Green
Linnets visited the island during the quarter.”

GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 17th, Goldfinch amongst
birds noted about ship or going N.W. (see full note under
Linnet).

Codling Bank Light-ship—November 6th, “Chaffinches and
four Goldfinches going N.W. and on deck ;” fresh breeze N.E.

ftockabill— October 29th, one on rock at 10 A.M.; strong
breeze N.W.

MEALY REDPOLE (Linota linaria, Linn.).

Tearaght—April 22nd, one on island; wind light E., over-
cast, November 15th, one shot. [Received in flesh.]

358 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

“ LINNETS.”

Hook Tower.—September 19th, large flocks of Grey Linnets
going N. at 9 A.M.; fresh breeze N.W.: 23rd, Linnets at station
during day in flocks of twelve to twenty; weather cold: 26th,
large flocks at station; gale N.W. October 1st, do. between
7 A.M. and 10 A.M.; wind light N.; all Grey Linnets: 5th, large
flocks all day about station; wind light W.: 18th, large flocks
near station. November 13th, 14th, and 15th, Grey Linnets at
lantern.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 4th and 6th, several fiocks
of Linnets and Starlings going N. between 10 AM. and 3 PM;
wind fresh N.E.; “going for the land”: 12th, flocks of Larks,
Linnets, and Starlings going N.W.: 16th, numbers of Larks,
Linnets, and other birds round light. December 23rd, flock of
Grey Linnets going W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.sSeptember 27th, six going W.
October 16th, some, with Chaffinches, about ship. November
5th, flocks going N.W.: 7th, two flocks going N.W.: 8th,
several flocks, with Thrushes, from-11 A.M. to midnight going
N.W.; fresh breeze N.E.; one bird killed.

Arklow South Inght-ship—oOctober 21st, Linnets and
“Finches” going N.W. November 20th, a large flock of
Grey Linnets going N.W. at 9 am.; strong breeze N.E., hail
showers. December 19th, Linnets noted, with Thrushes and
other birds, going N.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 9th, flock going N.W. at
9 am.; wind N.: 14th, several flocks going N.W.; wind light
S.W.: 16th, several flocks going N.W.: 17th, several flocks,
also “Chaffinch, Titlarks, Goldfinch, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Larks, Starlings, etc., about ship all forenoon or going N.W.;”
wind light variable, hazy, cloudy and rain. “These birds kept
flying to N.W. and back again, lighting on rigging and about
ship until 1 o’clock, when they all flew to N.W.”

Howth Baily.—October 25th, flock came from S.E., and went
N. Wie

South Rock Light-ship.—October 7th, some going W. during
day; wind light N.W.: 18th, Linnets about light during night ;
wind light N.E., clear, November 21st, several going N.E.;

A. 2 ne ann ee eee

1893] TRISH COAST 359

wind moderate N.W.: 27th, several going N.W.; wind light
S.W. December 5th, three going N.W.

Maidens South—March 8th, three going W.: 21st, two do.
October 8th, three do. November 4th, nine Grey Linnets going
8.: 7th, two do. going S.W.

Slyne Head, N—November 6th, some at night, with Larks,
Starlings, and other birds: 7th, Linnets on island; wind E.
Tearaght—January 1st, twenty on island; gale S.E. April
24th, five do, July 15th, flock on rock; rain.

TwItE (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

Codling Bank Light-ship—|[November 11th, Leg and wing
of Twite received; died on ship.]

Howth Baily—November 13th, one about station: 20th,
flocks do.

“ BULLFINCH.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 3rd, six “ Bullfinches”—
[Chaffinches ?—R. M. B.]—and four Green Linnets on ship at
8.30 A.M.; wind moderate N.W., clear; ‘‘gave them some food.”

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Mine Head—February 9th, five at 10 P.M; strong gale W.;
two killed: 27th, two at 8.20 p.M.; one struck.

Hook Tower.—September 19th, hundreds going N.E. at 9 A.M.;
fresh breeze N.W., clear ; first this autumn: 23rd, large flocks;
gale N. October 4th, large flocks going N.E.; strong breeze W::
8th, first birds round lantern this autumn ; Starlings, Blackbirds,
Larks, and Thrushes; one male Blackbird killed, and two
Thrushes; rain: 12th, 13th, and 14th, Starlings numerous:
18th, large flocks near station, seventy or eighty yards long:
20th, four killed at lantern..

Coningbeg Light-ship.—oOctober 17th, flocks. November 4th
and 6th, flocks going N.; wind fresh N.E.: 9th, a few round
light: 12th, flocks going N.W.; strong breeze S.E.: 13th and
14th, Starlings at lantern; about a dozen killed: 16th, numbers,
with Larks and other birds, at 7 P.M.; some killed: 23rd, a few
round lantern.

Tuskar.—Oetober 11th, some going N.W. at noon; wind

360 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

N.W. November 12th and 13th, some round light; several
killed ; wind W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—September 30th, flock going N.
October 17th, flock about ship from 8 P.M. to 9 P.M.; one killed
striking—[Leg and wing received, dated 16th, probably same]:
27th, flock going N.W.: 31st, flocks do. November 7th, 9th,
10th, 14th, 21st, and 30th, Starlings noted, generally in flocks
and going in a northerly direction, or about light. December
31st, flock going N.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 7th and 8th, very large
flocks going N. during day; fresh breeze S.E. October 17th,
several flocks of birds going N.W. during day; wind light
N.W., rain; four Starlings disabled, one died. November 5th,
a few about light: 6th, small flocks going N. during day; some
about light: 7th, odd Starlings and small birds going N. during
day: 13th and 14th, “numbers of small birds about light
during night; several struck, but fell overboard ; most of them
Starlings”: 27th and 29th, flocks gomg N.W. during day.
December 19th, flocks going N.

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 6th, Starlings about light:
7th, flocks going N.W. ; strong breeze S.E.; several birds about
light. October 17th, Starlings about light (see full note under
Linnet).

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 5th, 6th, and ‘th, great
flocks of Larks and Starlings; fresh breeze S.E.: on 7th, one
Starling passed with string and piece of paper attached: 8th,
Starling and Larks on ship, etc. October 17th, Starlings going
N.W. between 10 A.M. and 12 noon: 24th, some going W.: 30th,
some noted. November 3rd, do.: 4th, some going N.W.

Howth Baily—F¥ebruary 15th, Starlings commenced to build
in ventilator holes of tower: 23rd, Starling struck lantern glass
at 4 AM, and was caught on balcony. August 9th, great
thunderstorm from 7 P.M. to 11: P.M; Starling against glass at
11.30 P.M. October 19th, one struck at 2.30 aM.

Rockabill—October 23rd, ten (see under Thrush). November
5th; three noted; went W. December 14th, twenty on rock;
flew W.: 31st, ten at midnight; some killed striking; wind
light N.W.

Drogheda, Ni—January 4th, hundreds near station: 6th, two
large flocks. February 23rd, about filty going S.W. April

)

1893] IRISH COAST 561

30th, fifty near station. June 1st, a large flock near station,
seemed mostly young birds. July 5th, a large flock near station
all day; all young birds of this year. October 3rd, hundreds
near station. November 10th, large numbers all day. They are
here all the year, in greater or less numbers.

Vidal Bank.—November 4th, a large flock passing light at
4.30 p.m. going 8.; wind light S.E., clear; one killed against
glass: 8th, thirty here: 24th and 29th, a iene number.

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 4th, a flock all day ; frost.
February 22nd, flocks here all day. April 1st, some: 5th,
flock, evidently going to breed on island. September 5th, large
flocks all day; wind light 8.: 18th, do.: 27th, some. October
3rd, flock here: 9th and 19th, flocks here all day.

Maidens South—January 6th, seven going 8.W. October
30th, twenty going W. November 3rd, a few do.: 13th, rush
of Larks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, Green Plover, and Starlings.

Innishtrahull._January 22nd, three struck at 10 P.M.; one
killed; gale S8.E., hazy. March 12th, one killed striking at
2 AM.; gale N.W., snow. May 29th, a flock on island at noon ;
wind light N. November 14th, great rush last three days (see
full note under Blackbird).

Slyne Head, N—November 6th, Starlings, Thrushes, and
Blackbirds about lantern all night; hazy: 19th, some about at
10 AM. December 10th, 11th, and 12th, some all day.

Tearaght—January 31st, twenty, with a few Larks and
Robins, noted.

CuoucH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Rathlin O Birne-—March 12th, two on island all day.
Tearaght.—July 6th, seven on rock: 7th, some all day.

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 10th, two at station: 18th, Raven and
Hawk fighting.

Rockabill_—October 31st, ten Ravens—[Some error.— R. M. B.]
—with other birds. December 4th, two on rock: 9th, one.

Drogheda, N.—January 15th, one going N.E.

Rathlin O Birne-—March 12th, two on island.

Tearaght—March 1st, “several Fieldfares and flock of Ravens
on island in the morning ; gale W.”

2A

362 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

HooveD Crow (Corvus cornix, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—October 4th, two Grey Crows at station.

Innishtrahull— Four build on the island.”

Tearaght.—March 5th and 25th, four. July 6th, six on rock:
7th, some all day.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September 23rd, large flocks of “ Common
Crows about station every day.” .

Coningbeg Light-ship—oOctober 25th, one “ Crow” rested on
ship at 3 P.M.; wind fresh N.W., clear.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—May 4th, one “Crow” going S.E.
at 8 A.M. |

Arklow North Light-ship.—March 30th, six “ Crows” going
N.W. October 12th, large flock going N. at 11 a.M.; wind ~
moderate N.W.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—October 12th, “Crows” going
W.; wind moderate N.W.: 23rd, some noted: 24th and
26th, great flocks going W. during day: 27th, two flocks
going N.W.; wind moderate N.W.: 30th, and November 2nd,
“Crows ” noted.

Rockabill—November 26th, four on rock; gale N.

Maidens South March 21st, April 26th, and May 4th, three
“Crows” noted going W. October Ist, two going W. November
3rd, one noted.

LInnishtrahull.—N ovember 14th, large flock of “Crows”; wind
light E., hazy; stopped eight or nine days on the island;
unusual visitors.

Slyne Head, N—November 4th, about two hundred “ Crows ”
flying W. from 9 a.m. to 11 AM.; clear.

Tearaght—April 24th, a few “Crows” noted; these birds
frequent the island.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Howth LBaily.— March 21st, about fifty along the cliffs.
April 10th, May 16th, and November 13th, Daws noted.

Copeland (Mew) Island—April 24th, several all day; they
breed here.

1893] ' IRISH COAST 363

Macpir (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Hook Tower.—September 20th, one at 8 A.M. at station; went
E. October 6th, four going 8.E. at 10 a.m.; wind light N.:
18th, twenty to thirty noted at 10 am.; “Magpies very
numerous close to station, probably between one hundred and
fifty and two hundred—J. HiccinsotHamM”: 19th, twelve
going N.E. at 9 aM.; wind light N. .

Slyne Head, N.—November 7th, seven on island at 10 A.M. ;
wind E.: 9th, seven at noon; wind E., clear, frost.

Tearaght.—July 10th, one on rock, killed by keeper; wind
light N.W., clouds, rain.

SwALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 5th, two; wind light E., clear;. first
this season: 16th, Swallows round light all night ; fresh breeze
S.W., fog. May 2nd, “large numbers; heavy rain; none seen
for past three weeks, remarkably numerous to-day.” October
18th, five at 10 a.m.; wind light N., clear; none here since
spring till to-day.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 11th, three small flocks going
N.E. September, several rested one day on ship at 5 P.M.
going §.W.; wind light 8.W., fog.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 11th, three flying low. June
20th, four flying low, going N. July 2nd, ten going W.: 12th,
four about ship.

Tuskavr— August 10th, Swallows at 10 a.m. going 8.E.; wind
N.W.: 12th, Swallows all day: 28th, several at 3 P.M. going S.
September 7th, flocks going §8.E.; wind N.W. October 17th,
several at 10 A.M. going E.; wind N.W.,, rain.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 14th, several going N.W.
from 8 A.M. to 4 P.M.; wind light, variable: 15th, 17th, and 20th,
several going N.W. between 9 a.m. and 4 P.M.; wind light S.W.
May 2nd and 3rd, several going N.W. in daytime; and on 3rd
from 8 P.M. to midnight about light; fog: 4th, several from
midnight to 4 A.M. about light; fog. September 3rd, flock

- going E. at 11 aMm.; wind light S.E.: 4th, flock going S.E. at

5

10 A.M.; wind light S.W.
Arklow South Light-ship.— April 7th and 11th, several going
N. during day; wind light N.E.; 16th, several going N.W,

364 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

:
during day; wind light S.W.: 21st, 24th, and 25th, several
going N.W. May Ist and 3rd, some going N.W. during day:
Ath, several small flocks going N.W. during day; wind hght
S.W., foe: 5th, several Swallows going N.W.: 25th, a large flock
going N.; wind light N.W.: 26th, some going N. during day.
August 2nd and 7th, one noted going 8.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 2nd, several gomg N.W.;
fresh breeze S.W.: 4th, several on deck at 4 A.M.; wind moderate
S.W., thick haze; flew N.W. after resting; several going N.W.
at 5 AM. and 6 P.M: 14th, two going N.W.: 15th, one do.:
16th, flock going N.W. at 6 P.M.; wind light S.E.: 26th, two
going N.W. October 13th, several flocks going N.E. at 2 P.M.;
fresh breeze N.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— October 4th, three Swallows
noted.

Howth Baily—May 10th, birds like Swallows flying in rays |

of light, snapping at moths.

Drogheda, N.— April 16th, three; first seen this season.
May 28th, four. June 26th, great numbers flying about station
from 2 P.M. to 8 P.M.; wind fresh to gale &., rain. July 12th,
numbers, all young birds, about station at 11 A.M.; several
lighted on dome of lighthouse; wind light N.E., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 14th, five all day ; wind light
N.E., hazy.

Maidens South—April 20th, one “Swallow Martin” going
S.W. at 11 aM.; wind light E.; first seen this spring: 23rd,
three going W. May 4th, two do.: 5th, five do.

LInnishtrahull.—April 23rd, six on island at noon; wind
moderate N.W., clear; first arrivals. June 15th, a large
number all day ; wind light 8.E., clear.

Tearaght.—April 23rd, one; wind light 8.

Houss-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Howth Baily—April 23rd, House-Martins first observed this
year. August 6th, Moths very plentiful to-night, and birds,
supposed to be House-Martins, catching them in the rays of
the light: 7th, Moths plentiful again at night, and small birds
after them: 8th, great numbers of Moths at night round lantern
glass and windows of dwellings; small birds snapping them off

re! Are” DU ee ee ee

1893] IRISH COAST 365

windows: 29th, some couple of hundred House-Martins on
telephone wires, supposed to be preparing to migrate. October
Ist, none observed for the last ten days. “When the Starlings
finished breeding in the ventilator holes of tower this year, the
House-Martins carried out their breeding operations in the same
ventilator holes.”

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Larrels Rock Light-ship.— May 1st, two Tits- and two
“Black Swallows” about ship in the forenoon: 11th, two
do. about ship at noon: 13th, one “large Black Swallow”
about ship.

Howth Baily—May 16th, some Swifts observed.

Drogheda, N—May 28th, two near station. July 9th, large
numbers all day; wind 8.W., rain.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus europeus, Linn.).

Howth Baily—July 30th, Goat-Suckers plentiful this month
on the Hill of Howth.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

fTook Tower.—April 18th, one picked up dead, probably
struck lantern during night—| Received in flesh]. May 9th,
first heard: 14th, one killed at lantern at 10 PM.; wind
moderate S.E. [Received in flesh.]

Howth Barily.—May 5th, first heard.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 11th, first heard this year.

Tearaght—May 7th, one on island; gale S.

TURTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

Hook Tower.—June 8th, one killed against the telephone wire,
a mile from station—[Received in flesh]. Four birds exactly
similar were seen for six or seven days past at Fethard.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 11th, one Dove alighted on ship,
then flew to land.

Rillybegs—{June 12th, Turtle Dove received in flesh.]

Slyne Head, N.—[September 19th, Leg and wing of Turtle
Dove received, shot. |

366 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
~

Bull Rock. — [April 20th, Leg and wing of Turtle Dove
received, killed on rock.]

“ PIGEONS.”

Mine Head —January 12th and February 20th, flock of Wild
Pigeons noted.

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 20th, one Wild Pigeon about
ship; caught; it died on 23rd.

Arklow South Light-ship—July 20th, two Pigeons of a bluish
colour rested on ship at 9 A.M., and flew S.W.

Rockabill.October 31st, one Pigeon among birds noted at
lantern and on rock. November 5th, one Rock Pigeon remained
forty-eight hours: 26th, one Pigeon on rock.

South Rock Light-ship—December 13th, one Pigeon about
ship.

Maidens South—February 14th, one Blue Pigeon rested on
roof.

Innishtrahull—_November 1st, one Carrier vie stopped on
island; shot it; strong breeze N.W., rain.

Tear aght. a anuary 14th, ten eee round island; gale N.

QUAIL (Coturiix communis, Bonn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 14th or 15th, two Quail, one
killed striking; calm, hazy. [Leg and wing received.]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 14th, one Quail killed
striking at 11 P.M.; wind light S., gloomy. [Leg and wing
received. |

CorNn-CRAKE (Crea pratensis, Bechst.).

Arklow North Light-ship.— May 16th, a large number of
Corn-Crakes about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind light
S.S.E., rain; none killed.

Innishtrahull—May 24th, six Land-Rails on island at 2 P.M.;
strong breeze S.W.; “they hatch on island.”

Water-RatL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—[October 21st, Leg and wing of
Water-Rail received ; found dead on deck.]

1893] IRISH COAST 367

STONE CuRLEW (Cdicnemus scolopax, 8. G. Gmelin).

Killybegs.—February, “I have twice seen a very curious bird
here, it is about the size of a Woodcock, back brown, head and
part of neck white, but bill short and thick, very long legs and
large eyes; it frequented an open level piece of land.—Joun
KENNEDY.” [Probably Stone Curlew.—R. M. B.]

RINGED PLOVER (Agialitis hiaticula, Linn:).

Drogheda, Ni—January 2nd, several “ Ball Fowl” on bank
of river; shot one. [Leg and wing of Ringed Plover received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 23rd, they breed on island.
May 13th, three noted.

Maidens South—[May 17th, Ringed Plover received in flesh,
killed striking.]

Innishtrahull—April 23rd, ten “ Dotterel” on island ; wind
moderate N.W. June 20th, young Dotterels noted; “they
hatch on island.” December 30th, six “ Ring Dotterel ” stopped
on island.

Rathlin O Birne-—March 12th, seven “ Dotterels” on island
all day; gale W., overcast.

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 17th, flock of “ Grey
Plover” going E.; strong breeze N.W.

Drogheda, N.— October 22nd, five Golden Plover going
N.E.

Innishtrahull.— February 15th, five Golden Plover on
island.

Rathlin O Birne.-—February 20th, six going E. March 19th,
four all day.

Killybegs.—November 3rd, ten going E.; rain: 20th, twenty-
three going N., flying very high.

GrrEY PLoveR (Squatarola helvetica, Linn.).

Drogheda, N—dJanuary 12th, one grey bird like a Plover
resting on Sloblands; “never observed one like it before”:
14th, one unknown bird on Sloblands; gale N.W., snow

368 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

:
showers; “same sort as that seen on 12th inst.” ; shot—[Grey
Plover received in flesh]. October 9th, one Grey Plover shot
on Sloblands; wind light N. [Leg and wing received. ]

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Hook Tower.—September 5th, from thirty to forty goimg W. ;
wind light S.E.: 7th, twelve at station: 23rd, large flocks near
station; gale N.: 24th, large flocks going N.W. between 9 A.M.
and 11 am.; wind light N., weather very cold: 26th, large
flocks going N.W. from 8 A.M. to noon; wind moderate N.W.
October 11th, large flocks going N.E.; wind moderate W.:
12th, 13th, and 14th, numerous round station: 18th, large
flocks do.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 2nd, a very large flock
going 8.; wind light E., snow showers. November 11th, two
going N.W.: 15th, odd Plover about the light from 8 P.M. to
midnight ; wind moderate S.E.

Drogheda, N.—September 27th, five Plover going W.;
first seen this season. October 3rd, about fifty going N.;
wind moderate W. December 24th, fifty going 8.; wind
moderate S.

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 4th, large flocks all day;
frost: 7th, here all day; gale E., heavy snow showers. October
7th, Thrushes and Lapwings at night; a few killed; Lapwing
frequent the island all the autumn and winter.

Maidens South—March 3rd, nine “G. Plover” going N.E.:
9th, fifteen going N.E. October 24th, ten going W.: 29th,
Green Plover passing W. at midnight; fresh breeze N.W.,
clear. November 13th, rush of Larks and other birds, including
Green Plover; wind light 8.E., misty.

Inmshtrahull—June 8th, seven on island; wind light N.E. ©

Rathlin OBirne. — February 25th, two all day; wind
moderate S.E.

Kullybegs—November 29th, eleven going 8.; gale S.W.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Drogheda, Ni— October 9th, a large flock on strand ; one shot.
[Leg and wing received. ]

1893] IRISH COAST 369

Innishtrahull. — [May 24th, Leg and wing of Turnstone
received.] “Turnstones frequent the island.”

OYSTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Hook Towe?—September, “about station every day.”

Howth Baily. — August 31st, four. September 3rd, three
along the rocks. October 6th, two do.

Drogheda, N.—February 9th, some on strand; strong gale W.
August 16th, numbers; “they will be about here for some
months to come.”

South Rock Light-ship.—October 7th, Seapies about light;
wind light N.E., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island —January 4th and 7th, flocks all day ;
frost and snow. September 5th, large flock all day: 18th,
immense flocks of Curlew and Seapies; wind moderate W.:
27th, some noted. October 3rd, flocks here: 5th and 6th,
large flocks of Seapies and Curlew here; wind light W. and
N.W.: 19th, flocks all day; Seapies frequent the island all
the autumn and winter.

Innishtrahull— They frequent the island.”

Rathlin O Birne—February 5th, ten all day. March 5th,
eleven.

Tearaght.—July 5th, four “Seapoys” on rock.

GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).
yp ;

Arklow South Light-ship.—|[August 22nd, Leg and wing of
Grey Phalarope received, found dead on deck.]

Slyne Head, N.—[October 17th, Leg and wing of Grey
Phalarope received, killed striking. |

Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Howth Baily—August 10th, seven came near station for a
few minutes and flew off again.

Innishtrahull—January 6th, four on island; gale N.W.,
snow. October 24th, December 5th, 18th, and 30th, one
on island.

Killybegs—December 19th, one here.

Slyne Head, N—December 6th, two.

370 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
-

CoMMON SNIPE (G'allinago celestis, Frenzel) and
JACK SNIPE (G. gallinula, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—November 2nd, “a bird like Snipe.” [Leg and
wing of Jack Snipe received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—November 13th and 14th, rush
of birds; Snipe noted about light. [Leg and wing of one Snipe
and one Fieldfare killed striking received. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 4th, some Snipe here;
frost: 15th, a large number on island: 30th, some. September
1st, several here: 18th, some all day: 27th, Snipe frequent the
island all the autumn and winter.

Innishtrahull— Snipe and Jack Snipe here all the winter.”
October 13th, four going 8.W. stopped on island. December
1st, eight on island; fresh breeze N., snow.

Rathlin O Birne-—February 27th, numbers of Snipe feeding
all day; fresh breeze N.E. March 25th, three.

Sliyne Head, Ni—November 9th, four Snipe on island; frost:
14th, four do.: 19th, Snipe about island at 10 a.M.; one struck
at 11 pm.; killed. December i6th, six on island: 19th
and 20th, some do.

Dunun (Zringa alpina, Linn.).

Hook Tower—[February 25th, Leg and wing of Dunlin
received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 6th, one “Sandpiper”
found dead on deck at 8 AM.; wind light S.E., clear. [Leg
and wing of Dunlin received. |

Howth Baily—May 10th, a Strand Lark killed against lan-
tern—[ Leg, wing, and bill of Dunlin received]. November 9th,
Strand Larks along the rocks: 25th, a few do.

Eagle Island, Wi—May 16th, a bird caught injured at base
of tower; wind moderate §.E.; heavy rain, with thunder.
[Duniin received in flesh, in summer plumage. ]

Slyne Head, N—December 21st, one “ Dunney” (Dunlin 2)
on island.

Arran Island, N—November 24th, a bird sent. [Dunlin
received in flesh. ]

1893] IRISH COAST 371

PURPLE SANDPIPER (7ringa striata, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 16th, two “Snipe” killed
striking at 10.30 p.M.; wind light S.E., rain. [Leg and wing of
Purple Sandpiper and Common Sandpiper received. ]

Knot (7ringa canutus, Linn.).

Drogheda, N.—January 12th, a large flock of “Strand Plover”
about Sloblands; shot four—[Knot received in flesh]: 19th,
about a thousand Strand Plover or Knots on strand; strong
breeze N.W.; common here during winter. February 8th,
some thousands of Knots on strand; fresh breeze W. April
Ist, a large flock of Knot going S.; wind moderate S.W.
December 23rd, a very large flock about station; fresh
breeze W., clear.

CoMMON SANDPIPER (Zotanus hypoleucus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—July 16th, two “small sea - birds”
about light at 2 A.M.; wind light, rain; one killed striking.
[Leg and wing of Common Sandpiper received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 16th, two Snipe killed
striking at 10.30 P.m.; wind light E.S.E., rain. [Leg and wing
of Common Sandpiper and Purple Sandpiper received. |

Drogheda, N.—|[May 16th, Leg and wing of Common Sand-
piper received, killed striking.]

“SAND LARKS.”

Arkiow North Lnght-ship—BJuly 12th, one Sand Lark about
ship.

Drogheda, N.—January 13th, two large flocks about banks
of river. September 16th, seven.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 5th, flocks of Sandpipers here ;
wind light 8.E. . September 5th, several all day; wind light S.,

fog: 18th, they frequent the island all the autumn and

winter.
Innishtrahull.—* Strand Larks frequent the island.”
Rathlin O Birne-—March 22nd, four on island. April 10th,
seven all day.

372 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

REDSHANK (Zotanus calidris, Linn.).
Innishtrahull—* Redshank frequent the island.”

CurLew (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—September, “about station every day.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship—July 8th, four flocks going N.W.,
flying high; wind light S.E.: 19th, three flocks going 8.E.,
flying low; fresh breeze S.W.

Arklow South Inght-ship—May 4th, one going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 2nd, flock going N.; fog,
calm: 3rd, flock going N.W.: 9th, flock going N.W. May 28th,
two going N.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 7th, Curlew going W. at
night.

Howth Baily—November 12th, about forty along the coast.
December 10th, still in flocks round shore.

‘Drogheda, Ni—May 31st, four. July 10th, nine going W.;
fresh breeze 8.

Vidal Bank.—November 8th, about twenty going S.; fresh
breeze N.E.: 13th, about fifty passed station going 8.; wind
moderate S.E.: 14th, six gomg S.; wind moderate N.: 29th,
fifty going S.; gale W.

Ardglass—November 15th, bird struck glass at 5.50 AM;
strong breeze S.E. [Curlew received in flesh.]-

Copeland (Mew) Island—January 4th, large flocks all day;
frost: 7th, do.; heavy snow: 30th,some. September 5th, large
flocks: 18th, immense flocks of Curlew and Seapies on this and
neighbouring islands; wind moderate W.: 27th, flocks. October
3rd, do.: 5th and 6th, large flocks Curlew and Seapies round
island; wind light W. and N.W., weather fine. December
30th and 31st, immense flocks of Curlew round island all
day; wind light N.W. Curlew frequent the island all the
autumn and winter.

Maidens South.—March 3rd, two going N.E.: 5th, eight going
N.E.: 6th, Curlew going N.E.: 9th, five do. April 12th, Curlew
at intervals going N.E.: 13th, a few going N.E.: 17th and 18th,
Curlew during night flying N.E.: 24th, heard passing N. at
1l p.m.: 25th, Curlew heard passing N. at 9 P.M. to midnight ;
wind moderate N., clear.

1893] . IRISH COAST 373

LInnishtrahull.— Curlew come and go in flocks from the
mainland.”

Rathlin O Birne—February 3rd, fourteen all day. March
2nd, numbers on island all day ; wind moderate S., fog.

Tearaght.—January 14th, five round island; gale N. June
13th, two. *

WHIMBREL (Vumentus pheopus, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 14th, flock of Whimbrel
about light at 10.30 p.M.; wind light S.E.

Howth Baily.—March 5th, a flock noted.

Drogheda, N—June 27th, two on river bank; “ first and
only ones seen this season; cannot account for their not being
seen this year.” July 6th, six going S.W. and flying very high;
wind light S.E.: 12th, a large flock going N.E.

Maidens South—May 3rd, four Maybirds going N.E.; wind
light S.E.: 6th, three do.

LESSER TERN (Sterna minuta, Linn.).

Hook Tower—May 15th, one very small Tern disabled at
lantern at 1.30 A.M.; wind S.E., fog. [Lesser Tern received in
flesh. ]

TERNS.

Hook Tower.—May 3rd, Common Tern heard flying round
light at 9 p.M., probably five or six in number; wind 8.W.,
dense fog: 16th, Terns numerous all night round light; wind
S.E., light rain; none killed.

Drogheda, N.—September 15th and 16th, numbers of Puffins,
Terns, and Kittiwakes fishing on river: 18th, large numbers
feeding: 19th, thousands of Kittiwakes, Terns, and Puffins
feeding on river from 3 P.M. to 5 P.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 8th, a few Seamews at 10 a.M.;
wind light 8.E.: 11th, several. June 4th, an immense number
of Mews on island at this date, and a great number of eggs.
September 11th and 16th, still on island: 18th, none: 20th,
Mews have left.

LInnishtrahull.— May 25th, a large number of Seamews; strong |
breeze N.W.: 30th, a large number of Arctic Terns; wind light

374 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

N.E.; first seen. * July 14th, a large number of young Tern on
island. August 15th and 16th, Tern leaving island all day;
wind light S.E., clear. “A large number of Arctic Tern hatch
on the island.”

GLaucous GULL (Larus glaucus, O. Fabricius).

Killybegs—February 2nd, a bird, supposed to be “a large
specimen of the Iceland Gull,” shot fishing at 3 P.m.; fresh
breeze 8.W., fog. [Immature Glaucous Gull received in flesh. ]

GULLS.

Hook Tower.—September, “Common Gulls about station
every day.” '

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— January 3rd, about a hundred
Gulls and a few Gannets: 7th, about a hundred Gulls about
the ship. April 1st to 4th, a few large Gulls about ship during
day; “Gulls” and “Common Gulls” constantly noted up to May
15th. April 28th, about twenty Black-headed Guils and forty
Murs during day drifting 8.W. May 10th, about a hundred
large and small Gulls during day going W. and drifting, black-
winged and grey; wind light N.E. June 16th and 19th, Gulls
drifting: June 28th, a few Gulls and some Murs going E. during
day. July 4th, about twelve Black-headed Gulls during day:
24th, large Gulls during day: 30th, a large number of Gulls,
Murs, and Mackerel Cock, and about thirty Gannet going in
various directions and drifting, feeding on fry, ete.; wind light
N.W., clear. August 9th, about two hundred.

Codling Bank Light-ship—dJanuary, a few Gulls; Herring
and small Gulls near ship during the month. October, great
numbers small Gulls during this month.

Howth Baily—April 23rd, Royal Gulls flying about. October
1st, “Seagulls always plentiful.” December 13th, Kittiwake
Gull found killed.

Drogheda, N.—January 7th, numbers of Grey Gulls: 20th,
two large Black-backed Gulls. February 9th, numbers of Gulls:
10th, four Great Black-backed Gulls; one Iceland Gull going
N.; strong gale N.W., squally; “I have heard that several have
been seen near Drogheda this winter, but this is the first I have

1893] IRISH COAST 375

seen.” September 19th, thousands of Kittiwakes, Terns, and
Puffins fishing on river from 3 P.M. to 5 P.M.; wind W.: 21st,
eight Great Black-backed Gulls fishing; also numbers of
Common Gulls and several Grey Gulls.’

Vidal Bank.—November 14th, two Royal Gulls and several
common ones’fishing: 17th, several Gulls.

Inmshirahull—March, two; “for part of the winter 1893-94
the Gulls were very scarce.”

Rathlin O Birne-—March 15th, eighteen Royal Gulls on
island all day; gale W., overcast.

Killybegs—January 10th, one Iceland Gull all day, a young
bird; gale S.E., gloomy. November 14th, one Iceland Gull,
young bird, going §.; wind light N.E.

Tearaght— March 30th, Kittiwakes on rock during night;
went S.W. June 19th, four “ White-backed Gulls” going N.
in the morning; wind light E., clear; “round island some
time”: 30th, Kittiwakes here since February; very numerous
to-day. “They left on the 15th of July; a few remained
longer, but the mass went on above date.”

MANX SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorwum, Temminck).

Old Head, Kinsale——[Manx Shearwater caught; received in
flesh, with letter dated April 25th.]

Hook Tower—May 10th, one picked up dead at base of
tower; night clear, wind N.K.: 14th, one killed striking at
midnight; wind moderate 8.E., gloomy.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 13th, four “Mackerel Cocks ”
noted. June 24th, two “Skirweathers” noted. July 25th,
“Mackerel Cocks” during day; fresh breeze N.W.: 27th, two
“ Skirweathers”” noted: 28th, about twenty “ Mackerel Cocks”:
30th, numbers: 31st, about twenty. August Ist, thirty
“Mackerel Cocks.”

Arklow South Lnght-ship—March 29th, two Manx Shear-
waters going N.E. May 9th, several going in various direc-
tions: 13th, a flock of Gannets and Shearwaters: 28th, small
flocks of Manx Shearwaters going in various directions: 29th,
several flocks.

Howth Baily—March 19th, Shearwater heard at night, and
again on 2ist: 31st, heard every fine night now. April 16th,

376 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

several flying over the land from towards the station at 8.30
P.M.; fog; one found wounded at bottom of tower next morning.
May 10th, Shearwaters keeping up a great chorus to-night ;
one stunned striking; night very calm; a great many moths
on glass: 16th, fog at night; two found on balcony next
morning; one of them flew away. June 20th, Shearwaters not
so much heard now: 25th, Shearwaters about station: 30th,
scarcely heard now.
Rockabill.—October 20th, two Shearwaters near rock.

Tearaght.—March 28th, heard round rock from 8 P.M. to mid-
night; strong breeze S.E. April 24th, heard on water at

10 p.M.; wind light N.E. June 30th, on rock at night; gale S.
July 31st, numbers of Shearwaters heard all night round island.

Storm PErren (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— August 3rd, one all day about
ship ; fresh breeze S.W.: 4th, one. November i3th and 14th,
numbers of birds about light; two Storm Petrels noted; many
birds killed (see full note under Blackbird). ;

Arklow South Light-ship—September 29th, one Petrel about
ship.

BLack GUILLEMOT. (Uria gryile, Linn.).

Kiilybegs—February 15th, one unknown bird shot feeding.
[Black Guillemot received in flesh. |

RAZORBILL (Alea torda, Linn.) and
GUILLEMOT (Uria troile, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Inght-ship.—January 1st, about seventy “ Murs”
and a few Gulls drifting and flying low: 4th, four flocks of
“Murs.” April 2nd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th,
15th, 24th, and 28th, “Murs” noted; generally from six to
forty at a time, and about ship or drifting. May 4th, six flocks
of “Murs” going $.E.; wind light $.W.: 12th, several flocks of
“Murs” going 8.E.and N.W. during day: 14th, “ Murs” noted:
15th, about fifty large flocks of “Murs” going S.E. and N.W.
[Possibly from and to Saltees—R. M. B.] during day; wind
light W. June 18th and 19th, “Murs” noted: 23rd, about

1893] IRISH COAST 377

twenty “Murs” and six “Parrots” during day, flying low:
24th, 26th, 2‘7th, 28th, 30th, “ Murs” noted; and constantly up
to August 9th.

Rockabill.October 25th, fifty “Razorbills or Guillemots”
going 8.; gale N.W. November 5th, Razorbills going S.

Drogheda, N.—September 20th, several young Guillemots, all
this year’s birds, fishing in river; very unusual to see them
about here; wind moderate W., clear.

Tearaght—January 17th, Guillemots noted.. February 28th,
Razorbills on rocks in the morning, also more Guillemots; gale
S. March 5th, considerable numbers of Razorbills and Guille-
mots on rocks in the morning, but they leave at daylight.
March 19th, flock of Razorbills and flock of Guillemots on rocks
in the morning; went S.W. at daylight: 30th, on rock during
night. June 30th, here since February; very numerous to-day.
The mass of Guillemots left on July 1st, and of Razorbills on
the 5th; a few of each kind remained longer.

PurrFin (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—F¥rom April 2nd to August 3rd,
“ Parrots” noted at frequent intervals drifting past ship, gener-
ally a few at a time

Rockabill—_November 5th, flock of “ Puffins”” going 8.: 29th,
twenty “Sea Parrots” going N.E. at noon.

Drogheda, N.—September 15th and 16th, numbers of Puffins,
Terns, and Kittiwakes fishing on river all day; “ unusual to see
these birds in such numbers here, must be after fry”; wind
light W., clear: 19th, thousands of Kittiwakes, Terns, and
Puffins fishing.

Tearaght—March 26th, a few Puffins on rocks; they leave
at daylight; wind light S.E.: 30th, some on rock during night.
June 30th, here since February, very numerous to-day. The
mass of Puffins left on July 27th, a few remained longer.

DIVER.

TInnishtrahull—December 15th, one Northern Diver outside
island.
Keliybegs—December 29th, one. Northern Diver; “this bird

remains for the winter.”
2B

378 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893

:

Tearaght—June 9th, five “Common Divers” going N.: 24th,
one Great Northern Diver on rock at 4. a.mM.; gale N.W. July
5th, two Common Divers on rock.

EARED GREBE (Podicipes nigricollis, C. L. Brehm).

Killybegs. — February 6th, a bird, supposed to be a
Grebe, shot fishing; strong breeze 8., clear. [Hared Grebe
received in flesh.]

Cormorant (Phalacrocoraxz carbo, Linn.) and
SHAG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Howth Baily—August 29th, Cormorants going towards the
S.W. every morning, and returning in the evening. October
1st, Cormorants always plentiful.

Drogheda, N—September 16th and 19th, several Cormorants
fishing.

Vidal Bank.—November, two or three fishing at intervals.

Innishtrahull—October 30th, a “White Cormorant” was
observed off the island; wind fresh N., hail.

Rathlin O Burne. at 7th, ten CHER on island; ‘Heke
have a very white spot between the wing and tail ; fresh breeze
N.E.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Larrels Lock Lnght-ship—January 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th,
Gannets noted. April 3rd, four going W.; white in colour:
5th, seven going E.; white: 7th, four, grey and white, going
W.: 12th, three, cee going E.: 19th, eight about ship, black
and white. May 6th, about forty going S.W.: 7th, twenty
going 8.W.: 9th, ten going 8.W.: 14th, twelve, “white and
black wings,” going 8.W. June 15th, two gong W. July 30th,
thirty. August 9th, six at 6 P.M.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 17th, odd Gannets: 20th
and 21st, large flocks: 22nd, small flocks going in various
directions. May 13th, “flock of Gannets and Shearwaters
going S.W.”

Arklow North Laght-ship.— January 31st, several flocks
Gannets going N.E,and 8.W. March 20th, several flocks going

1893] IRISH COAST 379

N.E.: 21st, large flocks going N.E.: 26th, several flocks going
N.E.: 27th, seven Gannets going N.E.
Howth Baily August 17th, two dozen Gannets diving.

Rockabill—October 20th, five went N. November 29th, ten
Gannets going N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 5th, a few: 30th, twelve.
May 9th, several. September 8th, do.: 17th, some: 26th and
27th, several. October 2nd and 3rd, thirty: 7th and 9th,
several.

Rathlin O Birne—February 28th, numbers of Gannets going
W. all day; fresh breeze S.W.

Tearaght.—January 14th, a number round island; gale N.
March 18th, four going S.W.: 19th, flock going S.: 30th, ten.
April 25rd, twenty going W. June Ist and 9th, several going
S. July 21st, flock going S§.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Drogheda, N—July 5th, two very large Herons going N.
September 18th, six fishing.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 30th, one. June 4th, five
going N.W. September 11th, several fishing: 26th, October
7th, 8th, and 19th, do. They frequent the island all the autumn
and winter.

Tearaght.—June 13th, one on island; misty: 24th, one on
rock. July 10th, one all day.

BirTERN (Botaurus steilaris, Linn.).

Slyne Head, S— August 27th, “a Bittern caught at noon; it
was standing on a stone in the centre of a pool at the bottom of
a narrow creek in the rocks, as if it were fishing.” [Bittern
received in flesh. ]

“ GEESE.”

Drogheda, N.—¥February 21st, a large flock of Geese going §$.;
fresh breeze N.

Vidal Bank.—November 6th, several flocks of Barnacle in
the Lough; fresh breeze 8.E.: 12th, Barnacle and Wild Duck
all day: 17th, Barnacle up the Lough, flew past light; strong
gale N.: 29th, Barnacle still in Lough; gale W.

380 _ MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 30th, two Wild Geese going
S.; wind light N.

Innishtrahull— January 26th, one Brent Goose shot ; came
in from N.; strong breeze N.W. October 8th, two Wild Geese
going S.W.: 9th, twelve do. going S.W.; wind light 8.W.:
13th, six do. on island. December 26th, three going N.W.

Rathlin O Birne—February 8th, thirteen Barnacle feeding;
gale N.W.: 14th, four do. going S.; gale N.W.: 17th, seven
“ White-fronted Geese” going S.; strong breeze 8.W. March
7th, seven do. going 8.: 28th, eleven Barnacle going W.; fresh
breeze S.E., squalls,

Killybegs—January 20th, twenty Barnacle going §.; shot
three; strong breeze N.W.: 24th, one White-fronted Goose
going 8.; shot it; gale S.E. February 18th, two Geese, one
white and one grey, the white (a male bird) seems to have once
been tame. November 10th, thirteen Barnacle going S.E.
December 8th, nine Wild Geese going 8.; storm from W.

Slyne Head, N.—November 14th, about thirty Brent Geese
on neighbouring islands all day. December 14th, Brent Geese
flying about island.

“ SWANS.”

Drogheda, Ni—January 20th, a very large Swan going SE.
March 20th, two Swans going S.; fresh breeze S.E., clear.

“ DUCKS.”

Hook Tower.—November 10th, “ Wild Drake broke a pane of
7/16 plate glass in lantern; bird of course killed”: 13th, “ Wild
Duck,” Blackbird, Chaffinches, Grey and Green Linnets, at
lantern: 14th and 15th, “same as 13th.”

Arklow South Light-ship.—March 18th, one Wild Duck going
N. May 22nd, one Wild Duck going E.

Codling Bank Light-ship—October 10th, six Wild Ducks
going N.E.: 16th, one Wild Drake going N.E.

Drogheda, N— January 2nd, seven Wigeon going N.E.: 3rd,
seven Merganser Duck fishing: 7th, about a hundred Duck on
north shore; strong gale S.E., snow: 13th, five large Wigeon
going W. February 22nd, several hundreds of Duck and
Mallards on water; strong gale N.E. July 6th, one “Saw-bill

1893] "TRISH COAST 381

Wigeon” going 8.E.; “I thought it very curious to see one at
this time of year”: 9th, a large flock of Duck, about a hundred,
going §., flying low and very irregularly ; “ was surprised to see
Duck in such numbers at this season”; wind light S.W., rain.
September 17th, a large flock of young Duck going N.E.,
observed to leave feeding-beds to W. of station; wind light
N.W., clear; these birds heard off and on every night for the
last month. October Ist, a large flock of Scoter Duck on
water.

Vidal Bank.—November 6th, a flock of Wild Duck passed
the light; fresh breeze S.E., clear: 10th, fifteen Teal here; wind
light N.E., frost ; about twenty-three Teal and Wigeon going up
the Lough: 12th, Wild Duck and Barnacle all day: 17th, several
Wild Duck flew past the light; strong gale N., heavy showers:
18th, four “ Scale-Drake ” remaining all day; strong gale N.E.,
snowstorm: 19th, “ Scale-Drake,’ Barnacle, and Wild Duck
still in the Lough ; strong breeze N., frosty ; “ Scale-Drake only
visit here in very hard weather, as also do the Shell-Drake and
Barnacle”: 29th, Wild Duck still in Lough; gale W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January 7th, a flock of Wild Duck
going S.; gale E., snow: 15th, a flock feeding. April 27th, two
Wild Ducks; appear to be going to breed on island. May 3rd,
two. December 9th, seven.

Innishtrahull_— No Duck have been here this year.”

Slyne Head, N.—November 16th, “ Wild Ducks flying to W.;
returned to mainland.”

BIRDS NOT IDENTIFIED.

Hook Tower—* October 21st, a bird seen as dark as a hen
Blackbird and slightly larger; shape of Corn-Crake or Quail ;
dark bill and legs—bill as long as a Snipe’s; probably hurt
at lantern during night; got quite close to it, but could not
catch it.”

Drogheda, N—January 11th, two Turkey-headed Divers
(local name) at mouth of river; “shot one, but it drifted out
to sea; they have been very scarce this year”: 16th, “ about
ten days ago a man shot a bird on the river, but would not
part with it. It was the size of a Common Wigeon, with a
bluish-grey bill like a Duck, but soft like the Surf Scoter’s

382 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1893
>

that I sent from Crookhaven. The legs were placed very far

behind, and formed like the legs of the same bird; the colour

was a bright mottled-brown, turning black towards the head ;

the lower portion of the throat and breast was white.”

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Fook Tower.—May 14th, “to-night has been remarkable for
large number of Moths round lantern from’ sunset to 1 A.M.”
July and August, “a marked absence of all birds in vicinity
of station. As there are no trees or bushes near to build in,
the small birds usually seen about lighthouses on the mainland
are absent here.”

Tuskar.—December, “no birds observed this month; weather
very stormy.”

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—< On the 12th, 13th, 14th, and
15th of August the sea was actually alive with sea-birds. I
attributed this to a great quantity of fog that was passing at
the time.” ‘ During the latter part of October, and almost daily
during November, large flocks of small birds—such as Black-
birds, Thrushes, Chaffinches, etc.—were seen flying towards the
land, and almost invariably between the points of N.E. and W.
These birds did not come close enough to distinguish their
species.”

Arklow North Light-ship.—dJanuary 19th, large white Butter-
fly in cabin at 4.50 P.M.; wind moderate W., clear. It flew
about cabin for four days, and died on the 24th.

Howth Baily. — August 6th, 7th, and 8th, Moths very
plentiful each night round lantern, also noted round windows
of dwellings; small birds (supposed to be House-Martins)
catching them in rays of the light: 9th, great thunderstorm
from 7 P.M. till 11 p.m.; Moths not plentiful to-night. December,
“there are very few birds of any kind down about the station,
and migration is scarcely observable, except the arrival and
departure annually of some birds, such as the Wheatear,
Swallow, Martin, Cuckoo, etc.”

Drogheda, N.—January 16th, no Fieldfare or Redwing
observed this year, notwithstanding all the severe frost, nor
many small birds, only those resident in the place, and no
flocks of Skylarks, as in other severe seasons. April 3rd,
“birds very scarce about here this spring.”

1893] IRISH COAST 383

Maidens South.—<A lot of birds get killed that I never see,
particularly during a strong E. wind; they rebound off the
lantern and fall into the sea.” “Never observed fewer birds
passing than this year.”

Innishtrahull—March, “ more birds killed at the light this
year than for a number of years.”

Killybegs.—April, “ no birds killed striking this winter.”

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386 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

_
oo. 3
as - 2
2 a2 Remarks. © g @
List or Licnr STATIONS. 2 as ieee 2 2 2 Names of Observers.
2 3 Schedules. Z 364
3 fue 3
a 2 |
n 4 =
P. Graham, P. Corish,
3. Old Head, Kinsale, Cork, ...... 2 0 very good. x x and P. Higgin-
botham.
5a.Hook Tower, Wexford, ......... 2 4 very good. x o - J. Higginbotham.
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 4 38 excellent. x x 10 ae bhi ee
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do., 4 1 excellent. x x 4 James Beahan and
Thomas Luccan.
7. Tuskar Rock, do., 1 6 good. o x 7 H. Kennedy.
7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,do., 4 17 excellent. x x {ee and Daniel
- 8, ArklowSth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 4 6 excellent. x x 7/=d. Broad and N.
Burdge.

excellent. x x 8) Jehm “Easetame ae
Thomas Stapleton.

very good. x x 7{ W- Clydesdale and H.
Thompson.

8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 3

me

bo

8a,Codling Bank Lt.-ship, do., 3

12. Rockabill, Dublin, ............... 3 7 very good. x x 5 Charles Hawkins.

12.*Drogheda North, Meath,........ 4 2 very'good.x x - Geo. Dunleavy and J:
Tottenham.

12a.St John’s Point, Down, ......... a> 4 fair: x — Edward Rohu.

126. South Rock Lt.-ship, do., ...... 3 0 good. x x 3 J. Kearon.

13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do.,... 3 0 very good. x x 8 R. Armstrong.

14. Maidens South, Antrim,......... 1) Aveoad: x 0 5 eee Hele
M. Donovan.

16, Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 3 7 very good. x x 6 G., Gillespie.

19. Tory Island, COs, 0 eestoetss 1 2 good. o x 9 Edward Rohu.

21. Rathlin O’Birne, do.,~ ......:... 2 0 very good. x x —_ ee
Kennedy.

22. Killybegs, GLU Tsdaecouer 1 0 good. o x ~— John Kennedy.

25, Hagle Island, E., Mayo,......... 1 0 fair. x x 1 Joseph Corish.

29. Clare Island, Oss, catacetes 1, 5 Os fair: x x 4 Keke

30. Slyne Head, N., Galway, ....... 1-0 fair: x o 8 John Harrison.

36. Samphire Island, Kerry, ........ 2 2 very good. o x 4 George Dunleavy.

40. Bull Rock, Cork 1 0 good John Oo

: 5 Nocodonbeeseidcodeae good. x jo 9

Connell,

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship sent a Kestrel, and Vidal Bank a Common Tern.

Legs, wings, ete., received, 64.

o = No reply. X = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Spring, replies received from 20 stations, | Autumn, replies received from 19 stations,

1894] IRISH COAST 387
Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.
Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.
Kestrel, . Ree’d, in flesh, ace ae on {97/11 mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
BLT at
> anny j Leg and wing, Killed st.,1. 28/10 mo., Tory Island.
Thrush, ne 5 26/11 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
f a a 8/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
° 29 bP) 23/ 9 mo., ” 3°
” m : ”? 2? 2/11 mo., ” PB)
Found killed 4
4 : : .. oi deh 9/11 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

a : Wang; : 2
Brambling, . Ree’d, in flesh,
Linnet,

Rec'd. 10/ 4 mo.,
Died in house, 7/ 1 mo.,
Leg and wing, Dead on deck, 12/ 1 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Redwing, as Killed st., . 8/ 3 mo., Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Blackbird, . ey ie 24/11 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
b, nf s. 3/10 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
“8 : : AA FP 2/11 mo., PN f
‘ : Found killed 9/11 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
2 ? on deck, .
ie two, Legs and wings, Pa ar 26/11 mo., Rockabiil.
Common Redstart, Ree’d. in flesh, 2 4/ 5 mo., 5
rp x a, Caught, 11/ 5 mo., 5
Wheatear, Leg and wing, Killedst., . 7/ 4mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Rec’d. in flesh, ee 5/ 4mo., Rockabill.
- two, Legs and wings, 2? Ree’d.10/ 4 mo., Innishtrahull.
SedgeWarbler, four, Rec’d. in flesh, Killed st., . 31/ 7 mo., Tuskar.
9 oe) c ” ” 6/ 9 mo., ”
os “ Leg and wing, A 28/ 4mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Whitethroat, Ree’d. in flesh, ? Ree’d. 6/ 9 mo., Tuskar.
is Leg and wing, Killedst., . 25/ 9 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Willow Wren, a 5 7/ 4 mo., 33 me
on oe) ” be) 27/ 8 mo., 29 2?
ss - eg Diedinship, 17/ 5 mo., Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Chiffchaff, . as Killed st., . 38/ 4 mo., Hook Tower.
Golden-crested Wren, Rec’d. in flesh, eran at 2/10 mo., Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
nr fz ne 2 8/10 mo., Maidens, South.
is 3, two, rp ? Ree’d. 11/ 4 mo., Innishtrahuil.
Wren,. Leg, ? Rec'd. 10/ 4 mo., a
Skylark, Leg and wing, Killed st., . 26/11 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
rn ot an 25/ 9 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
” ” ” 4/10 mo., ” ”
ae _ * 5/ 1mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Chaffinch, Wing and foot, Diedon board, 11/11 mo., A

Innishtrahull.
Hook Tower.

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

388

Species,
Twite,
Starling,
Nightjar,
Hoopoe,
Water-Rail,

Water-Hen,

Ringed Plover,

Golden Plover,
Green Plover,
Woodcock, .
Snipe, .

Dunlin,

» young

9?

29 aye
Sanderling, .
Common Tern,

Scaup,

MIGRATION

Lees, WINGS,

How Received.
Wing,
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,

Skin,
Leg and wing,

Wing,
Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,

Wing,

OF BIRDS

[1894

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

|

How Procured.
2
Killed st...
Shot, .
Caught,

Died on board, 28/ 3 mo.,

Killed st., .
Found dead,

supposed
killed st.,

Caught at
lantern, .

Date.

11/ 4 mo.,
25/ 7 mo.,

4/ 6 mo.,
13/ 5 mo.,

26/11 mo.,
2/ 4 mo.,

27/11 mo.,

Prob.shot, Rec’d.10/ 1 mo.,

|

Killed st., .

9

Killed ag’ust
lantern,
Disabled st.,

Killed at
lantern, .
Killed st., .

?

Found .
injured near
light-house,

Shot, .

6/ 4 mo.,
28/11 mo.,
5/ 1 mo.,

‘| 5/ 1 mo.,

23/ 8 mo.,
25/11 mo.,
8/ 4 mo.,

Name of Station.
Innishtrahull.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Hook Tower.

Rockabill.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Tory Island.

Drogheda North.

Samphire Island.

Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Samphire Island.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

St John’s Point, Down.

30/ 8 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

12/10 mo.,

28/ 2 mo.,

Vidal Bank.

Drogheda North.

1894]

Birds not identified, .

Blackbird, .
**Blackcap, ”
Brambling,
Bunting, Snow, .
?, Yellow,

Chaffinch,
Chiffchaff, .
Chough,
Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,
Curlew,

Diver, Great Northern,

**Ducks,” .
Dunlin,

Fieldfare, .

Flycatcher, Red- ptksteal :

‘* Flycatchers,”’

Gannet,
‘* Geese,”

General observations, .
Golden-crested Wren,

‘¢ Goldfinch,”

** Grasshopper Warbler,’

Greenfinch,
Grouse,
Guillemot,
Gulls,”

** Hawks,”
Heron,

Hoopoe,
Jackdaw,

yay,

Kestrel,

Knot,

Linnet,

Manx Shearwater,
‘* Martin,”
Nightjar, .
Oyster-Catcher, .
Peregrine Falcon,
Petrel, Storm,

IRISH COAST

INDEX.
PAGE
448 | ‘* Pigeons,” :
396 | Plover, Golden, .
403 1, Green,
415 », Ringed,.
412 | Puffin,
ae Raven,
413 Razorbill,
404 Redstart, Common,
421 Redwing,
443 Robin,
428 | Rock-Pipit,
421 | Rook,
427 :
435 | Sanderling,
*¢Sand Larks,” .
ae Scaup, :
447 Sedge Warbler, .
434 | shag,
396 “*Skuas,”’
391 | Skylark,
391 | Snipe, Common,
444 | Sparrow-Hawk, .
445 | Sparrow, Hedge,
448 rf House,
404 | Starling,
416 | ‘*Stonechat,”
402 | ‘*Swallow,”
416 | ‘‘Swans,”
428 | Swift,
441 Tern, Common, .
438 | « Terns,”
391 | Thrush,
445 | Titlark,
427 | “ Tits,”
423 | Turnstone,
423 | Twite,
390 | ‘* Wagtail,”
435 Water-Hen,
417 | Water-Rail,
440 | Wheatear, ;
426 Whimbrel,
‘* Whinchat,”
427 Whitethroat,
432 | Willow Wren,
390 | Woodcock,
441 | Wren,

389

PAGE
427
429
430
429
442

421
441
399
395
399
408
422

435
435
447
402
443
440
408
433
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398
415
418
400
423
447
426
437
437
392
407
406.
432
418

406
429
429
400
437
400
402
403
433
405

390 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
>
PEREGRINE Faucon (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Old Head, Kinsale-—‘ Two large Hawks build every year in
cliffs.” “The pair of Falcons noted above have built in cliffs,
according to local tradition, for the past hundred years. The
present caretaker of the mountain grazing farm here is the
fourth generation that has regularly robbed the young from the
nest. - His father, who died last year, told me that about thirty
years ago they failed to build one season, the hen having died,
but before the next season came round, the cock bird, after
being absent for some time, returned provided with a new
mate.—P. CortsH.” [No doubt Peregrines.—R. M. B.]

Rockabill—October 22nd, one Peregrine Hawk on rock;
wind light S.E.

KeEstreEL (falco tinnunculus, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—November 27th, “ Hawk, supposed
to be common Sparrow-Hawk, caught on board, came from
eastward, died on the 30th.” [Kestrel received in flesh.]
“There was one caught on board in October; he stayed two
days, and then left; the crew say he was of a different
species.”

Rathlin O Birne.—February 4th, “Sparrow-Hawk” hovering
[Probably Kestrel.—R. M. B.] at noon; fresh breeze S.W,
March 16th, one Kestrel on island at noon; wind moderate S.

SPARROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 18th, one Sparrow-Hawk about
ship at 11.35 am, flew N.W.at 12.15 p.m., chased by a large
number of Gulls; wind moderate E.N.E., light haze.

Arklow North Light-ship.September 30th, one Sparrow-
Hawk going W. between 10 and 11 AaM.; “seemed to have
come from Wales;” wind light S.W., clear. October 15th,
one, Sparrow-Hawk going W. at noon.

Rockabill.—January 20th, one Sparrow-Hawk on rock;
gale N.W. February 28th, one Sparrow-Hawk on rock at
7 A.M.; strong breeze to gale S.W. October 27th, one Sparrow-
Hawk and two Pigeons in the morning; wind moderate S.W.

1894] IRISH COAST 391

Innishtrahull—May 14th, one Sparrow-Hawk at 11 aM;
strong breeze E.N.E., misty. June 20th, one Sparrow-Hawk
at 10 am.; fresh breeze N.W., rain. July 16th, one Sparrow-
Hawk at 4 p.M.; strong breeze W., rain.

Bull Rock.—January 50th, one Sparrow-Hawk going S.E. at
3 P.M.

“ HAWES.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 7th, one Hawk going N., flying
low; wind light E.N.E. June 12th, one Hawk lighted on
board for a few minutes at 9 A.M., and flew N.

Tuskar.—October 19th, “Hawks” [? R. M. B.] and other birds
round light all night; strong breeze E., rain (see note under
Blackbird).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 10th, one Hawk about
light at 2 a.m.; fresh breeze S.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 20th, a Hawk caught at
sunset, came into gas-house; wind light 8.W., clear.

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa parva, Bechst.).

Tory Island.—October 27th and 28th, very great quantities of
Redwing, Thrushes, Fieldfares, Larks, Blackbirds, and Starlings ;
also one “Willow Wren (not sure)” about lantern during
night ; numbers killed, others disabled; wind light E.S.E. to
S., overcast. Leg and wing of “Willow Wren” forwarded.—
KE. Ronu. [Leg and wing of Red-breasted Flycatcher received.]

“ FLYCATCHERS.”

Rockabill.—May 6th, flock of “Flycatchers” going W. at
10 A.M.; wind moderate W., clear: 8th, twenty on rock at 10
AM.; strong breeze S.W., cloudy: 10th, twenty “Spotted
Flycatchers” on rock at 9 PM.; “striking, not killed;”
strong breeze S.W., passing showers: 16th, “ Flycatchers”
on rock at noon; fresh breeze E., fog, rain. August 18th,

large number of “Flycatchers” and Wheatears on rock at
noon; wind moderate N.W.; some struck at midnight.
September 24th, great numbers round lantern, and striking
(see under Redwing). October 11th, some (see under Sky-
lark): 13th, flock going W. at noon; wind light N.E,

392 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
“

TurusH (Turdus musicus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—April 8th and 9th, Thrushes round light;
wind light and moderate 8.8.E., haze and rain; two killed.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 5th, “Thrushes, Stares,
Linnets, and Skylarks” about light at 11 P.M.; snow; several
killed: 6th, some Thrushes (see under Skylark). September
22nd, several birds, large and small, about light from 8 P.M.
to 10.30 p.m.; several killed striking; Thrush dead on deck;
fresh breeze E.S.E., rain. November 26th, several Thrushes
and Skylarks about light from 6 PM. to 2 AM.; wind
moderate N.E.; Thrush killed—[Leg and wing received]:
27th, several Thrushes at night: 30th, four at night; wind
light E.S.E. December 6th, six about light at 9 P.M.; wind
light S.W. |

Barrels Rock wag, -ship.—April ek “one Thrush found
dead at sunrise.”

Tuskar.—October 20th, flocks going W. at night (see under
Starling). November 28th, some all night; wind light E,
misty ; some killed. ‘

‘Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 4th, flocks of Thrushes
and other birds going N.W.; snow: 6th, numbers at light
(see full note under Skylark). March 5th, four Thrushes
about light from 8 P.M. to midnight; strong breeze W.S.W.,
clear: 8th, several Thrushes, Larks, Blackbirds, and Starlings
about light from 10 p.m. to midnight; fresh breeze S.W., rain;
two Thrushes and two Starlings killed—[Leg and wing of
Thrush received]: 9th, two Thrushes about light at night ;
gale S.W., rain: 29th, flock of Thrushes and Starlings about
light from 10 p.m. to daylight. April 3rd, some going N.W.
during day; fog. September 23rd, several Thrushes about
light 9 P.M. to foarte fresh breeze N.E., overcast; one killed
striking—[Leg and wing received]: 24th, eevee! Thrushes and
Larks about light 8 p.m. to midnight; wind moderate E.N.E.,
gloomy : 25th, Thrushes, Larks, afith Sedge Warblers about
light, midnight to 5 a.m.; fresh breeze E.N.E., gloomy; one
Lark and one “Sedge Warbler” (Whitethroat, which see)
killed striking. October 3rd, several Thrushes, Larks, Black-
pirds, and Starlings about light 1 to 4 a.M.; wind moderate
S.S.E., overcast ; several killed, fell overboard ; and again from

;

1894] IRISH COAST 393

10.30 P.M. to midnight ; wind light N.E.; one Blackbird killed:
5th, several Thrushes and Larks about light 9 P.M. to midnight ;
one Thrush killed; wind moderate E.N.E., overcast; and again
from 10.30 p.m. to midnight on 6th; wind light E.; “two
killed”: 7th, several Thrushes and Blackbirds about light
from 1 to 4 a'm.; wind light N.E., overcast; two killed: 8th,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks about light 11 P.M. to mid-
night ; three killed; wind light S.W., overcast: 11th and 13th,
several (see under Blackbird): 17th, flock of Thrushes going
W. at 3 pM.; wind moderate N.E.: 20th, several Blackbirds
and Thrushes about light from 8 p.m. to 11 P.M.; strong breeze
E.S.E., rain; three killed: 26th, flock of Thrushes going N.W.
at 11 A.M.; wind moderate W.S.W., rain: 31st, and November
2nd, several about light; gale S.W. [Leg and wing of Thrush
received ; killed striking]: 8th, flock of Thrushes going N.W.
at 11 aM.; wind moderate W.N.W., clear: 9th, several (see
under Blackbird): 17th, flock of Thrushes going N.W. at 11
AM.; gale 8.8.W., rain: 21st, several Thrushes and Blackbirds
from 8 P.M. to 11 P.M.; strong breeze 8.W., clear; two killed:
22nd, six Thrushes about light; wind moderate S.W., overcast;
two killed: 23rd, several Thrushes and Blackbirds from 9 P.M. to
midnight ; wind moderate E.N.E., overcast; six killed: 24th,
several Thrushes and Blackbirds from midnight to 6 a.M.; wind
moderate N.E., overcast; ten killed; and from 6 to 8 p.m., four
killed: 26th and 27th, several (see under Skylark). Decem-
ber 2nd, several Thrushes and Blackbirds about light from 9 P.M.
to midnight; fresh breeze S.: 16th, flock of Thrushes at night:
21st, a flock from 6 P.M. to 6.30 P.M.; gale S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 7th, one at 8.15 p.m. fell
on deck; killed striking; fresh breeze W.S.W. April 8th, one
Thrush and six “Sallypickers” at 6.30 A.M. found on deck
killed; wind light N.E. October 5th, several small birds about
light from 8 P.M. to midnight; wind light N.N.E., light haze; one
Thrush killed striking: 30th, Thrushes and other birds about
light during night; wind §., rain one Thrush killed. Novem-
ber 2nd, several flocks of birds like Thrushes, Larks, and Linnets

— going N.W. from 8 a.m. till noon; wind moderate S.W.; and

several birds about light during night; one Thrush disabled;
fresh breeze’ S.S.W.: 3rd, flocks like Larks and Thrushes (see

under Skylark): 4th, a great many flocks of birds of various

2C

394 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

kinds, Thrushes, Larks, and others, going W. during day ; fresh
breeze S.W., gloomy: 9th, Thrushes round light (see under
Blackbird)—[Leg and wing of Thrush found killed on deck
received ; sent as “ Mountain Thrush”’].

eine North Light-ship—January 4th to 6th, many flocks
(see under Skylark). October 5th, 11th, and 18th, several
(see full note under Skylark): 21st, several Thrushes and
Blackbirds round light from 9 P.M. to 3 A.M.; strong breeze
S.E., showery; one Blackbird killed: 29th and 31st, flocks
(see full notes under Skylark). November 2nd and 9th, several
(see under Skylark); eight Thrushes and four Blackbirds
going N.W. at 5 A.M.; wind moderate S.W., rain; one disabled :
25th, several Thrushes about lantern at 10 P.M.; one killed
striking ; wind moderate 8.E., gloomy. December 1st, several
Thrushes and Blackbirds round light from 6 P.M. to 5 A.M.; two
Thrushes killed striking, several disabled and fell overboard ;
wind light S.E.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—April 8th, one Thrush killed
striking at 1 a.M.; wind light 8.W., fog. October 31st, Thrushes
and Blackbirds flying about light at 3 a.M.; about sixty struck
and fell overboard; fresh breeze S:W., fog and rain.

Rockabill—January 2nd, ten Thrushes round lantern at mid-
night; fresh breeze E., gloomy; none struck. September 26th,
four round lantern in morning; wind light N. October 11th,
a flock at lantern (see under Skylark): 20th, two at lantern
at 2.30 A.M.; strong breeze E.

South Rock Light-ship.—February 7th, one going E. at 11 A.M.;
gale S.W.: 8th, one killed striking at 11 P.m.; fresh breeze 8S. W.,
clear. October 7th, several (see Skylark): 30th, some about
light (see Chaffinch). November 24th, a few about light at
3 AM.; one killed striking; wind light E., clear: 26th, several
Thrushes and Blackbirds about light; wind light E., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 10th, a few all day
remaining; gale N.W. March 5th, several; “Thrushes breed
on isle.” Daiahee 8th and 27th, several. Nowe 25th, large
numbers (see notes under Blackbird).

South Maidens.—April 10th, one Thrush at lantern, 10 P.M.,
with other birds.

Innishtrahull—November 25th and 26th, immense numbers
of Thrushes and Blackbirds at the light on both these nights

— 1894] IRISH COAST 395

from 9 P.M. to 6 A.M.; eighty or ninety killed ; wind moderate

_$.E., foggy. December 15th, Thrushes on island at 9 AM.;
gale N.W., hail showers; four killed: 24th, Thrushes and
Blackbirds on island at noon; wind light N.W., misty, rain;
nine killed and three disabled.

Tory Island—October 26th, 27th, and 28th, great rush
(see under Redwing). November 26th, numbers; Water Rail
killed striking same night.

Rathlin O Birne —March 12th, Thrushes on island at noon ;
strong gale W.,, hail.

Slyne Head, N.—January 10th, about a hundred Thrushes
all day.

Samphire Island.—November 19th, three Thrushes going
S.W. at 12.30 P.M.; wind moderate S.W.; and several about
light from 10 to 11 p.M.; wind moderate 8.W., rain.

Bull Rock.—January 3rd, Thrushes on rock all day; one
killed striking; wind light E., gloomy: 13th, eight on rock all
day: 25th, five at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze W., clear. February
8th, four all day ; wind light W., clear.

REDWING (Turdus iliacus, Linn.).

Codling Bank Light-ship—k[March 8th, leg and wing of
Redwing received, killed striking against lantern; sent as
“ Thrush.”

Rockabill—January 2nd, four Redwings round lantern at
midnight; fresh breeze E., gloomy. September 24th, three
Redwings, a number of Skylarks, and great numbers of Fly-
catchers round lantern during night, many striking; wind
moderate N.E., overcast. October 2nd, 3rd, and 11th, some
at lantern (see under Skylark).

Tory Island.—October 10th, “ numbers of Redwing, etc., about
lantern during night, misty”: “26th and 27th, numbers of
Redwing, Thrushes, Fieldfares, Blackbirds, and Starlings about
lantern during night, some disabled; gale E., overcast and rain :
27th and 28th, very great numbers of Redwings, Thrushes,
Fieldfares, Larks, Blackbirds, and Starlings, also one “ Willow
Wren” [Leg and wing of Red-breasted Flycatcher received]
about lantern during night; numbers killed, others disabled ;
wind light E.S.E. to S., overcast,

396 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894 |
>

FIELDFARE (Z'urdus pilaris, Linn.).

Rockabill.—October 27th, numbers of Fieldfares (see note
under Chaffinch). . ;

Drogheda North—May 25th, three Fieldfares feeding on ~
burrow at 4 P.M.; strong breeze N. “Thought it strange to see
these birds at this time of year.”

Innishtrahull.—October 15th, flock of Fieldfares going W. at
2 P.M.; wind moderate N.E., clear.

Tory Island—October 26th, 27th, and 28th, great numbers —
(see under Redwing).

BLACKBIRD (Z'urdus merula, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale-—January 12th, one Blackbird about hill
all day; strong breeze S8.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 9th, a few about light at
10 p.m.; one cock killed striking; wind moderate 8.W., rain.
November 23rd, several birds of various kinds about light from
8 P.M. to midnight; two hen Blackbirds killed striking; wind
moderate N.E., gloomy: 24th, several Blackbirds and Star-
lings about light from 6 P.M. to 2 A.M.; some killed, fell over-
board; fresh breeze E. [Leg and wing of female Blackbird
received. |

Tuskar.—October19th,Starlings, Blackbirds, Hawks [? R.M. B.]
round light all night; strong breeze E., rain: 20th, flocks at
night (see under Starling): 22nd, Starlings and Blackbirds all
night; some killed; “all male Blackbirds;” wind moderate
N.E., showery. November 21st, flock of Blackbirds all night, —
some killed; wind moderate S.W., misty; 28th, Blackbirds and
Thrushes all night, some killed; some females observed among
Blackbirds ; wind light, misty.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 3rd and 4th, flocks
going N.W. during day; strong breeze 8.E., snow: 6th, numbers
(see full note under Skylark). March 8th and October 3rd, 7th,
and 8th, several (see full notes under Thrush)—[Leg and wing
of Blackbird received, killed striking on 3rd]: 11th, several
Blackbirds and Thrushes about light from 7 P.M. to midnight ;
eight killed; wind light S.W., rain: 13th, several flocks with —
Thrushes going N.W. from 9 a.m. to 4 P.M.; wind light NW.: |

1894] IRISH COAST 397

20th, several (see under Thrush): 31st, and November 2nd,
several Blackbirds and Thrushes about light at night; gale and
fresh breeze 8.W.; eleven killed on 2nd—[Legs and wings of
Blackbird and Thrush received]: 9th, several Blackbirds and
Thrushes about light from 1 a.m. to 4 A.M.; wind moderate S.W.,
rain; twelve killed: 21st, 23rd, and 24th, several (see under
Thrush): 26th and 27th, some at light (see under Skylark).
December 2nd, several about light: 21st, flock of Blackbirds
and Thrushes from 6 P.M. to 6.30 P.M.; gale S.W. ;

Arklow South Light-ship—January 7th, ‘some Blackbirds
and Larks” going N.W. during day; wind light W., clear.
October 9th, two Blackbirds struck light at 2 4.m.; wind light
S.W., clear. November 9th, Blackbirds and Thrushes about
light from 2 A.M. till 7; several struck but fell overboard; wind
moderate §.W., rain. [Leg and wing of Blackbird received,
found killed on deck. ]

Arklow North Light-ship—October 11th, several at light
striking; calm, haze: 21st, several round light; one killed ;
strong breeze E., showery: 29th, Gulls chasing small birds,
including Blackbirds (see full note under Skylark). November
9th, several, two caught. December 1st, several, with Thrushes,
striking.

Codling Bank Light-ship—October 31st, numbers striking
(see under Thrush). November 9th, Larks and Blackbirds
going in various directions; wind light.

Rockabill—January 2nd, twenty Blackbirds round lantern at
midnight ; fresh breeze E., gloomy; none struck. March 16th,
some round lantern at 4 A.M.; wind light N.W., went E. in the
morning. September 24th, great numbers (see under Robin).
October 2nd and 3rd, numbers at night; two killed (see under
Skylark): 8th, one on rock at noon; wind light S.E.: 9th, two
on rock: 11th, flock at lantern (see full note under Skylark):
20th, numbers at lantern at midnight; strong breeze E.,
clear: 22nd, four on rock: 24th, four. November 26th, two
birds killed at light. [Legs and wings of two female Black-
birds received. |

South Rock Light-ship.—October 11th and 12th, 21st and
27th, Blackbirds about light (see under Skylark). November
26th, several about light; clear: 30th, two about light at
10 p.M.; one killed; wind light N.W., gloomy. December 3rd,

398 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
>

Ath, and 5th, some about light; wind variable: 25th, several
about light at 2.30 a.m.; wind W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 10th, several Blackbirds,
all day, remaining; gale N.W. March 5th and 20th, several ;
“ Blackbirds breed on isle.” October 8th, several Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks from 10 P.M. to 5 AM.; some killed and
disabled; wind moderate S.E., misty: 27th, birds striking
lantern from midnight to 4 a.M.; a few Blackbirds, Thrushes,
and Starlings killed; strong breeze S., dark and squally.
November 25th, large numbers Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks
striking, some killed; fresh breeze S.E., gloomy.

Maidens South_—March 30th, one Blackbird.

Innishtrahull.—November 25th and 26th, immense numbers
of Blackbirds at light; and December 24th, some noted (see
full notes under Thrush).

Tory Island.—October 26th, 27th, and 28th, great rush (see
under Redwing). November 26th, numbers of Blackbirds and
other birds striking (see full note under Water Rail).

Eagle Island, H—October 17th, one Blackbird seen on island,
first observed.

Slyne Head, N—January 10th, fifty Blackbirds, all day.

Samphire Island.—October 23rd, one female Blackbird at
3 AM.; caught at lantern; gale S.W., rain. November 8th,
several Blackbirds about light at 11 p.m.; gale N.W., rain.

Bull Rock.—January 3rd, Blackbirds all day on rock; wind
light E., gloomy: 13th, four all day; wind moderate 8.W.,
clear. February 8th, two all day: 20th, and March 1st, two
on rock.

“HEDGE SPARROWS.”

' Rockabill—March 16th, four “Hedge Sparrows” on rock at
4 a.M.; wind light N.W. May 15th, two on rock at noon;
strong breeze N.H., haze, rain. October 4th and 5th, Hedge
Sparrows and Skylarks round lantern at night, some striking ;
several Larks killed; wind moderate N.E. and fresh breeze E.,
misty.

Drogheda North.—June 12th, two “Hedge Sparrows” about
station at 1 P.M.; strong breeze N., showery. “Never saw any
about station before.”

1894] IRISH COAST 399

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 26th, one Robin lighted on
ship at 4 p.M.; wind light S.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship— April 4th, one Robin about
deck from 4 P.M. to sunset; wind light N.E., hazy. October
7th, one Robin about light 1 a.m. to 4 A.M.; wind light N.E.,
overcast.

Rockabill—August 17th, one Robin on rock at 8 A.M.; wind
moderate N.W., overcast: 26th, two Redbreasts on rock at noon;
fresh breeze E., overcast. September 24th, six Redbreasts and
great numbers of Blackbirds round lantern during night; many
striking; wind moderate N.E., overcast.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 4th, a Robin all day;
wind light S.W. March 15th, one all day. October 8th,
“a Robin Redbreast has arrived here, it comes every year
about this time and roosts in the same place, under a ladder-
shed, and in daytime sits often on a wall opposite our door and
sings cheerily. I presume it is the same bird that has come
here for several years.”

Innishtrahull—May 17th, one Robin at 2 P.M.; wind light
N.E., gloomy. September 25th, one at 2 P.M.; wind light S.E.,
rain. October 6th, one on island at 2 P.M.; wind moderate S.E.,
gloomy.

Tory Island—October 19th, one Redbreast about station at
6 P.M.; strong breeze E., clear.

Common REpDSTART (Ruticila phenicurus, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale.—April 4th, Redstarts all day on hill;
wind light E.: 30th, two Redstarts all day; fresh breeze N.E.
May 1st, one Black Redstart at 10 am.; wind moderate
N.E.: 2nd, two Redstarts going N.W.; wind moderate N.W.
September 17th, two Black Redstarts all day; wind light
S.E.: 19th, one Redstart all day; wind light E.: 21st, two at
10 AM.: 23rd, one Redstart about station all day; wind
light N.E. [Redstarts recorded at this station were probably
all F. phoeniewrus, and are therefore put under that species,
but no specimen was sent.—R. M. B.]

Rockabill—May 4th and 11th, birds sent supposed to be
“hen Black Starts, and rare” —[Two female Common Redstarts

400 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

:
received]. May 15th, two “Black Starts” on rock at noon;
strong breeze E.N.E., haze, rain. August 26th, one “Red
Start” on rock at noon; fresh breeze E., overcast.

“ STONECHAT.”

Old Head, Kinsale—March 28th, one Stonechat on hill;
wind moderate E. May 14th, one at 11 AM.; wind light N.
September 18th, two all day; wind moderate E.

Tuskar.—September 2nd, numbers of small birds, Stonechats,
etc., round light (see under Willow Wren).

Codling Bank Light-ship—April 12th, one on ship at 6 A.M.;
calm, light haze.

Rockabill—March 20th, four at noon; wind light S., over-
cast. September 26th, two round fracas in morning; wind
light N. October 2nd and 3rd, two at lantern (see under
Skylark).

Maidens South—April 2nd, one noted: 3rd, one at 4 A.M.
caught on balcony; wind light N.E., misty: 4th, one noted: 7th,
one at lantern (see under Skylark): 14th, one on rock Me day ;
strong breeze E., clear.

Rathlin O Bar ne.—March 19th, Stonechats on island all day;
wind light 8. °

“ WHINCHAT.”

Old Head Kinsale.—September 4th, Whinchat on hill all
day; wind hght N.E.

Rockabill—May 15th, two at noon; strong breeze N.E.,
rain.

WHEATEAR (Saxicola wnanthe, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale.—March 23rd, one Wheatear at 10 P.M.;
fresh breeze E.: 27th, two all night; wind moderate E.: 28th,
one. April 4th, some all day on hill; wind light E.: 8th and
14th, two. June 10th, two at 2 p.M.; fresh breeze N.W.: 11th,
one, and 12th, two, about station all day. August 22nd, one
at 10 pM.; wind light S., fog and rain: 23rd, one all night;
wind light E.: 30th, two on balcony at 10 p.m.; wind light E.,
fog. September 16th, Wheatears and “Warblers” at light at

1894] IRISH COAST 401

midnight; wind moderate E.: 17th, one Wheatear and three
“Warblers” on hill all day: 18th, 19th, 21st, and 29th, some
on hill.

Tuskar.—July 31st, Wheatears all night (see under Sedge
Warbler at this station). August 25th, “Wheatears, Jack
Snipe, Titlarks, all night; several killed; wind light W.,,
misty.”

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 7th, “strange birds like
Blackcaps going N.W. from 5 A.M. to 8 A.M.,” and “strange birds
like Bluecaps” about light from 8 P.M. on 7th to daylight on
8th; leg and wing of one forwarded—[Leg and wing of
Wheatear received]—(see also full notes under Willow Wren) :
8th and 9th, “strange birds like Bluecaps” about light from
10 p.m. to daylight; seven killed, three disabled; wind light to
moderate S.E., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship—April 3rd, one Wheatear on ship
at 10 a.M.; wind light E., fog.

Rockabill_[April 5th, Wheatear received in flesh, “found
dead on rocks.”] May 8th, twenty on rock at 10 a.m; strong
breeze S.W., cloudy. August 16th, two Wheatears and two
Curlew on rock at 6 AM.; flew ashore; strong breeze N.W.:
18th, number on rock (see under “Flycatchers”): 25th, four
at 8 A.M.; fresh breeze E., overcast: 26th, fifteen at noon; fresh
breeze E., overcast. October 11th, ten at lantern (see under
Skylark).

Drogheda North—May 6th, one Wheatear at 2 p.m.; fresh
breeze W., clear; first seen this season: 12th and 17th, two
noted: 25th and 31st, several all day about burrow. August
10th, one on burrow.

St John’s Point, Down.—April 2nd, one Wheatear; wind
easterly, misty: Sth, two between 10 P.M. and 12 P.M.; wind
moderate S., rain.

Innishtrahull—March 24th, one “stopped on island ;” wind
light S.E., hazy: 26th, four; wind light $.S.E,, clear. [April
10th, legs and wings of two Wheatears received.] May 10th,
one ; gale W., rain. June 11th, one disabled, striking at 11 P.m.;
fresh breeze N.W., gloomy. July 20th, two disabled at 3 a.m.;
wind light W., fog. August 12th, three disabled at 2 AM; gale
W., fog. September 4th, two striking at 4 a.M.; wind light N.E.,
rain: 24th, two disabled at 11 P.m.; wind light N.E., rain.

402 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

;

Rathlin O Birne-—March 27th, Wheatears on island all day;
wind moderate 8S.E.

Lagle Island, Hast—March 25th, Wheatears first observed
and remain. They breed on island.

Slyne Head, N.—March 17th, one female Wheatear: 18th,
one male and female Wheatear.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale-—May 20th, two “ Warblers” at midnight;
wind moderate N.E. September 3rd, one “ Warbler” about
light; wind light E.: 16th, “Warblers” at midnight; wind
moderate E.: 17th, three “ Warblers” all day on hill; wind light
S.E. [Were all these Sedge Warblers ?—R. M. B.]

Tuskar.—July 31st,“ Willow Wrens, Whitethroats, Wheatears,
all night ; wind moderate E., fog; several killed; four forwarded,
am not aware of their names ”—[ Four Sedge Warblers received
in flesh]. September 2nd, three sorts of “Warblers” noted.
(Perhaps some were Sedge Warblers, see full note under
Willow Wren at this station.) [Be Sedge Warbler received
in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—April 28th, several Siaradlioins
and Sedge Warblers about light from 9 p.m. to midnight; wind
light 5.W., overcast; two “ Warblers” killed—[Leg and wing of
Sedge Warbler received.| May 15th, one Sedge Warbler
lighted on ship at 6.30 P.M.; wind light, variable, showery.
September 23rd, several Sedge Warblers about light 9 P.M. to
midnight; fresh breeze N.E., overcast: 25th (see full note
under Thrush). October 8th, three Sedge Warblers, 11 P.M, to
midnight ; wind light S.W., overcast.

“ GRASSHOPPER WARBLER.”

Tuskar.—September 2nd,“Grasshopper” and other “Warblers”
noted at 2 a.m. (see full note under Willow Wren at this
station).

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale—September 20th, one Whitethroat at
10 P.M.; wind light E.

1894] IRISH COAST 408

Tuskar. — July 31st, some at night (see under Sedge
Warbler at this station). September 1st, several Whitethroats
killed; wind light N., clear: [6th, Whitethroat received in
flesh].

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—September 25th, one “Sedge
Warbler” killed striking—[Leg and wing of Whitethroat
received |—(see full note under Thrush).

“ BLACKCAP.”

Maidens South—April 14th, one “Blackeap” on rock all
day ; strong breeze E., clear.

WILLOW WRrEN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—April 6th, “Willow Wrens from 9 P.M. on 5th
to daylight on 6th; fresh breeze N.E., haze; nine killed”: 7th,
three from 9 P.M. to 12 p.m. killed; wind moderate E., haze:
8th, five picked up dead at daylight; wind moderate E,, fog:
9th, Willow Wrens or Sallypickers round light; three killed ;
wind moderate S.E., rain: 30th, one killed during night.

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 5th, about a dozen “Reed
Warblers” about ship at 9 P.M.; went away at daylight; wind
moderate N.E., haze: 6th, half-a-dozen “Reed Warblers”
about ship at 8.30 p.M.; wind light N.E., haze; two killed
striking: 7th, several “Reed Warblers” about lantern at
8.30 p.M.; wind light E., haze; went away about 5 A.M: 14th,
a few “Reed Warblers” about lantern at 8 P.M.; wind moderate
W., clear. [Possibly all Willow Wrens. See records under
Hook Tower and Blackwater Bank.—R. M. B.]

Tuskar.—July 31st, “Willow Wrens” at night (see under
Sedge Warbler at this station). September 2nd, “ Willow
Wrens” hovering round light at 2 AM.; some striking and
disabled; also “Stonechats,’ “Warblers,” “Grasshopper
Warblers,” and “Willow Warblers” at the same hour; wind
light N., hazy.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 28th, flock of “ Wrens”
going N. at 9 aM.; wind light N.E. April 7th, “flock of
Swallows, Wrens, and strange birds like Blackcaps” going
N.W. from 5 a.m. to 8 A.M.; wind moderate E., rain: 7th and
8th, “flock of Chaffinches, Wrens, and strange birds like

404 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

;
Bluecaps about light from 8 p.m. to daylight; wind moderate
to light N.E. to S.E., light rain; ten killed, four disabled ”—
[Leg and wing of Willow Wren received. See also under
Wheatear]: 12th, flock of “Wrens” and other birds about
ship from 4 A.M. to 7 A.M.; wind light W., light rain. August
27th, flock of “Wrens” about light 8 pm. to 11 PM; wind
light N.E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren received,
killed striking. |

Arklow South Light-ship. — April 8th, “six Sallypickers”
found on deck killed (see Thrush). May 16th, one Green
Wren [Probably Willow Wren.—R. M. B.] and two Larks rested
on ship all day.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 10th, two “ Wood Warblers”
on ship during day; wind moderate W., clear: 12th, “Wood
Warblers” on ship: 18th, one, and 19th, two on ship during
day. A bird died on ship on 17th—T[Leg and wing of Willow
Wren received]. “Several small birds, same size, only
different colours, have been on ship during this month, and
went for the land.”

South Rock Light-ship.—October 7th, one “Sallypicker”
killed ; calm, clear. [Possibly a Willow Wren or Chiffchaff. —
—R. M. B.]

Innishtrahull.—April 24th, two “Willow Warblers” killed
striking at 11 pm; gale SE, rain: 28th, one “ Willow
Warbler ” disabled at 8 P.M.; wind light N.W., rain.

CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale—May 22nd, three Chiffchaffs on wall at
noon; wind light N.W. September 25th, a Chiffchaff on hill
at noon; wind moderate E., passing showers.

Hook Tower—t|April 3rd, Chiffchaff killed striking, received
in flesh. ]

Rockabill—March 20th, ten Chiffchaffs on rock at noon;
wind light S., overcast.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WRrEN (fegulus eristatus, Koch).

Old Head, Kinsale—August 28th, a Gold-Crest on balcony
at midnight; wind light N.E.

1894] IRISH COAST 405

Arklow South Light-ship—March 19th, one “Golden Wren”
and one Starling rested on ship at 8.30 a.M.; wind light.

Arklow North Light-ship—September 24th, one Golden-
erested Wren flying round light at 10.15 p.M., killed striking
one of ship’s stays; wind light S.E., clear. October 2nd, small
bird, name unknown, caught flying round light at 10.30 P.M.;
calm, light haze, lived a week in cabin. [Golden-crested Wren
received in flesh.]

Rockabill— August 25th, one Gold-Crest on rock at 8 AM.;
fresh breeze E., gloomy. September 26th, one round lantern ;
clear. October 11th, three at lantern (see under Skylark).

Maidens South—October 8th, “a Wren sent; unable to
identify it.” [Gold-Crest received in flesh.]

Innishtrahull—April 10th, “two birds forwarded; I think
one is a Fire-Crest and the other a Gold-Crest; I think one
must have been killed last November”—[Two Golden-Crested
Wrens received in flesh]. June 23rd, “numbers every March
and October” (see full note under Wren),

WreEN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Hook Tower.—June 7th, Common Wren at station at 9 A.M.;
calm, clear.

Arklow South Light-ship.—March 23rd, one “Wren” rested
on ship; wind light N.E.

Rockabill—September 26th, four “Wrens” round lantern
in morning; wind light N. October 20th, three at lantern
at midnight; strong breeze E.

Copeland (Mew) IJsland——February 4th, a Wren all day,
remaining; wind light 8.W. March 15th, several all day:
20th, two: 28th, one. November 25th,a Wren on “isle at
present ; comes every year ; is it same bird ?”

Maidens South—April 4th, one Wren on rock at 7 A.M:
5th, one on rock at 6 A.M.: 7th and 8th, one noted: 10th, one:
11th, one on rock all day: 15th, one at 6 A.M. on rock all day;
wind light 8., clear.

Innishtrahull.—[April 10th, Leg of Wren received]: 25th, one
“Jenny Wren” disabled striking at 4 A.M.; gale S., rain. June
23rd, one “Jenny Wren” noted at 2 p.M.; wind moderate W.,
rain, “I think this one built here, but we have large numbers

406 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

of them and Gold-Crests every March mil October, so that
they must migrate about these two months, and rest here on
their journey — GEORGE GILLESPIE.”

Tory Island.—September 23rd, one Common Wren caught at
Lloyd’s Signal Station.

Eagle Island, East—October 17th, one Wren seen on island.

Bull Rock.—January 9th, two Wrens on rock at 9.30 aM;
wind moderate 8., gloomy. February 20th, one at noon;
wind moderate E., clear.

Tins.”

Codling Bank Lnight-ship.—April 12th, “one Wood Tit” on
ship at 6 a.M.; calm, light haze: 13th, “Tits” on ship (see
under Titlark).

Maidens South—March 24th, one Tit on rock, flew W.;
wind light S.E.: 25th, one: 26th, three: 28th, three: 29th,
four: 30th and 31st, two on rock. April 2nd, 4th, 7th, 10th,
and 15th, one to three “ Tits” noted.

“ WAGTAIL.”

Old Head, Kinsale—April 1st, one Wagtail in garden at
noon; wind light S.W. September 24th, a “Yellow Wagtail”
about cliff at 2 P.M.; wind light E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—August 28th, Wagtail flying round
ship at 6 a.M.; went N. at 8 am.; wind E,, clear. October 3rd,
“one Water Wagtail landed on ship, chased by Gulls,” at
2 p.M.; wind light S.E., clear: 4th, one at 7 AM., going N.E.;
wind light N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 8th, one Wagtail about
ship (see under Snipe).

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 23rd, several Wagtails
about ship 9 4.M.; wind light S., hazy.

Rockabill—May 15th, one “Willie Wagtail” on rock at
4 p.M.; strong breeze N.E., overcast.

Drogheda North—May 9th, four “Water Wagtails” close to
station at 6.30 P.M.; strong breeze W., squally ; first seen about
here for along time. August 5th, two “Water Wagtails” close
to station.

1894] IRISH COAST 407

South Rock Light-ship.—August 30th, one Wagtail going W.
at 10 A.M.; wind light N.W., clear.

Maidens South—March 24th, one Wagtail on rock, flew W.;
wind light S.E.: 26th, four: 27th, three noted. April 7th,
two, and 15th, one, on rock.

Innishtrahull—March 6th, one Pied Wagtail “stopped on
island ;” wind light E.S.E., clear: 10th, three do.; gale W.S.W.,
hail. April 16th, four at 9 am.; fresh breeze E., misty.
May 30th, one at 9 a.M.; wind light E., clear.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship— October 15th, Titlarks and Skylarks
about ship at 6.30 a.m.; fresh breeze N.E., clear.

Tuskar.—August 25th, “Wheatears, Jack Snipe, Titlarks all
night; several killed; wind light W., misty.”

Arklow North Light-ship—March 5th, several going N.W.
(see under Skylark): 11th, some Titlarks going N.W. 10 a.
to 2 P.M.; strong breeze N.W.: 19th, two lighted on ship at
5 pM., flew N.W.; calm, clear. April 23rd, several at noon,
about ship till 1.30 p-m., going W.; wind light S., clear. Sep-
tember 23rd, several Titlarks on deck from 7.20 a.m. to noon,
one died; wind light S.E., clear. November 4th, two about
ship from 10 to 11 a.M.: 26th, Titlarks and Linnets going 8.W.
during forenoon.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 25th, one Titlark going
N.W.; wind light S.E.: 28th, three on ship; calm, hazy. April
6th, several on ship at 5 AM.; wind moderate E., clear: 8th,
one killed striking at 2 A.M.; wind light S.W., fog: 11th, one on
ship at 54.M.; calm, light haze. May 3rd and 4th, some noted
during day: 12th, Titlarks in ship during day; wind moderate
N.W., clear: 13th, “ Tits” in ship during day; wind moderate
S.W., rain.

Rockabill—January 17th, five Titlarks on rock at 8 am.;
wind moderate 8.W, June 10th, some on rock at noon; strong
breeze N.W.

South Rock Lnght-ship.— October 2nd, two going N.W.; wind
moderate S.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—“Titlarks breed on island.” Sep-
tember 25th, several striking (see note under Skylark).

408 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

-
Eagle Island, East.—(See note under Snow Bunting.) Tit-
larks [Rock Pipits ?—R. M. B.] breed on island.

Rock-Pipit (Anthus obscurus, Lath.).

Hook Tower.—January, “over a dozen dead Rock-Pipits
picked up; birds have been dying in hundreds” (see full note
under Chaffinch at this station).

Innishtrahull —June 5th, two Rock-Pipits disabled at 1 A.M.;
wind light N.E., gloomy. July 8th, one disabled at 10 P.M.;
wind light S.E., rain. August 29th, three disabled at 35 A.M. ;
wind light N.W., fog.

Samphire Island.—October 7th, four Rock-Pipits on island
all day. “I have seen this species on island every day since I
came here on September 8th.”

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—February 13th and 24th, Larks in
garden all day; wind light. March 21st, four Larks all
day; wind light 8.: 25th, one’ Skylark at midnight;. wind
moderate E. )

Hook Tower.— January 8th, Skylarks (see note under
Chaffinch). April 8th and 9th, Larks round light; wind light
S.E., haze and rain; two killed.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 5th, two Skylarks about ship;
snow, wind moderate S.E.; one caught (see also under Thrush):
6th, “ Larks, Thrushes, Stares, and Linnets about light; several
killed striking glass of lantern and perishing in the snow;”
large flock Skylarks and Linnets about ship at 3.30P.M.; four
Larks and four red-breasted Linnets caught; another large
flock going N.W. at 7 P.M.; wind light N., clear; some killed
striking, some caught: 7th, large flock Skylarks about ship, two
caught; wind moderate W., clear; six red-breasted Linnets and
Larks found dead on deck. October 8th, large flock of Sky-
larks going N.E. at 7 p.M.; calm; several “small birds” about
light from 9 P.M. to 11 P.m.: 12th, several Skylarks and Starlings
about light from 8 P.M. to 6 A.M.; wind light 8.: 13th, a few
Skylarks about ship at 10 a.m.: 15th, several about ship at
6.30 a.M., two killed; fresh breeze N.E., clear; flock noted at

1894] IRISH COAST 409

2 P.M.: 19th, six Skylarks going N.E.: 20th, several flocks Sky-
larks and Starlings going N.E. from 7 A.M. to 2 P.M., flying low;
fresh breeze S.E. November 26th, Thrushes and Skylarks about
light (see under Thrush); Lark killed—[Leg and wing of
Skylark received]. December 10th, flock of Skylarks going
N.W.; “small birds” about light and on previous night.

Barrels Rock Lightship —February 23rd, one Skylark and one
Chaffinch going N. on board during forenoon; cloud and rain.
March 11th, four Skylarks and five Linnets lit on board at
11 AM. going N.

Tuskar.—November 21st, flock of Larks all night; some
killed; wind moderate 8.W., misty. ;

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 5th, flocks (see note
under Starling): 6th, great numbers of Larks, Starlings, Thrushes,
Blackbirds, and Lapwings about light from 8 P.M. to midnight ;
snow, wind variable; a great many which were killed and dis-
abled fell overboard: 7th, flocks of Larks and Starlings going
N.W. from 9 a.M. to noon; wind light S.W., clear. March 8th,
several (see under Thrush). September 14th, two -Larks
lighted on ship at 2 p.M.; wind light N.E., hazy: 24th and 25th,
several (see under Thrush)—[Leg and wing of Lark received].
October 3rd, several (see under Thrush): 4th, several Larks
about light, midnight to 4 4.M.; wind moderate N.E.; two killed
striking—[Leg and wing received]: 5th, 6th, and 8th, several
(see under Thrush): 16th, flock of Larks going N.W. at
10 a.M.; fresh breeze N.E. November 18th, flocks of Larks,
Linnets, and Starlings going N.W. from 8 A.M. to 9.30 A.M.; fresh
breeze 8.W.: 26th, Larks, Thrushes, and Blackbirds about light
from 10 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate N.E., overcast; and
from 9 P.M. to midnight on 27th; wind light N.W.; two Larks
killed. December 25th, flock of Larks going N.W. at 2 P.M;
wind light N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—January 5th, numerous small birds
about light during night; several Larks killed and four caught ;
a lot struck and fell overboard—[Leg and wing of Skylark
received|— (see also under Dunlin); wind variable, snow:
7th, some going N.W. (see under Blackbird): 8th, seven
Larks rested on ship at 3 P.M.; strong breeze S.E., rain; flew
N.W.: 15th, odd Larks going N.W. during day. February
20th, “one Lark at 10 a.M.; wind light S.E.; Seagulls chasing

2D

410 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

.
it.” March 23rd, two Larks. April 8th, one (see under
Snipe). May 16th, two Larks rested on ship at 8 AM;
remained all day; wind light E., haze, rain: 17th, two Larks
on ship. September 24th, Larks about the light during
night. October 3rd and 22nd, one rested on ship going N.:
26th, flocks going W.: 29th, one flock of Larks going N.W.
at 11 am.; gale W., clear. November 2nd, flocks like Larks
going N.W.: 3rd, four flocks of birds like Larks and
Thrushes going W.; gale S.W.: 4th, flocks going W. (see
under Thrush).

Arklow North Light-ship.— January 4th and 5th, many
flocks of Larks, Thrushes, and other birds about lantern from
5 pM. to 12 P.M.; strong breeze S.E., snow showers; ten
killed and disabled on 4th, four on 5th; on 6th from mid-
night till 8 am, six killed and disabled; “several flocks”
from 10 aM. to 12 aM. on 6th about ship, going N.W. at
intervals; wind moderate S., clear: 28th, several flocks Larks
and Linnets going W. from 8 am. to dusk; strong breeze
N.W.: snow showers; 29th, one “ Woodlark” about deck—
[Possibly Skylark.—R. M. B.]. March 5th, several with Titlarks
going N.W. at 2 P.M.; strong breeze W., rain. October 5th,
several with Thrushes round light; wind light S.E., haze; none
struck: 11th, several Larks, Blackbirds, and Thrushes round
light from 9 P.M. to 5 A.M.; several killed and wounded; calm,
haze: 18th, flocks of Larks and Thrushes going W. from 9 a.m.
to 4 p.M.; wind light E., clear: 19th, Lark died on deck:
29th and 30th, several Grey Linnets and Skylarks going N.W.
during day; three Larks caught; wind fresh 8., showery;
“numbers of small birds such as Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Larks, getting exhausted as they reach ship, are followed and
eaten by Seagulls—THoMAS STAPLETON”: 31st, several flocks
of Larks and Thrushes going W. during day; fresh breeze S.
November 2nd, several Larks and Thrushes about lantern at
midnight; wind moderate S.W.: 9th, several Larks, Black-
birds, and Thrushes about ship from 2 A.M. to 4 AM.; many
killed, two Blackbirds caught; fresh breeze S.W., rain.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—October 23rd, flocks going N.W.
during day; gale 8.E., haze and rain. November 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, and 8th, great flocks of Larks going N.W. during day:
9th, Larks and Blackbirds going in various directions from

;

]

1894] IRISH COAST 411

10 A.M. to 11 4.M.; wind moderate S.W.: 10th, flocks going N.W.
from 11 A.M. to 12 noon; wind moderate W.: 16th, Larks going
N.W.: 21st, flock going N.W. at 10 a.M.; wind moderate S.W.:
26th, one great flock going N.W. at 9 A.M.; wind light N.

Rockabill—January 27th, five on rock; gale W.; two struck.
May 18th, twenty on rock at noon; fresh breeze E., blue
sky. September 24th, some at lantern (see under Redwing).
October 2nd, numbers of Skylarks, Blackbirds, a few Redwings,
and two Stonechats round lantern; some striking; four
Larks killed; wind light E., misty: 3rd, Larks, Blackbirds,
Redwings, and two Stonechats round lantern; wind moderate 8. ;
two Blackbirds killed: 4th and 5th, a great number of Skylarks
round lantern; several killed striking; wind moderate N.E.,
misty: 7th, twenty noted: 11th, “Larks, Blackbirds, Red-
wings, Thrushes, Flycatchers, and two Lapwings, three Gold-
Crests, ten Wheatears, and two Curlew at lantern, 2 A.M. to
6 AM.; wind light E., misty; some striking”: 20th, number
of Skylarks at midnight; strong breeze E., clear: 24th, four:
27th, Larks noted (see under Chaffinch).

South Rock Light-ship—February 17th, one at 10 A.M.; wind
moderate N. April 7th, several with Linnets about light ; wind
moderate E., gloomy: 8th, a few about light. September 24th,
October Ist, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th, several about light; wind
light to moderate, variable, clear; one killed striking on 6th:
7th, several with Thrushes about light from 8 P.M. to 12 P.M.;
calm, clear: 8th, a flock going N.W. at 10 a.M.; wind light 8.:
11th and 12th, Larks and Blackbirds about light from 8 P.M. to
12 p.M.; wind light 8.W.: 13th, flocks going N.W. during day ;
wind light W.: 17th, three going KE, at 11 a.m; wind light N.W.:
19th, several going N.W. at 11 a.m,: 20th, several about light ;
fresh breeze E., clear: 21st, a few with Blackbirds about light
at 10 p.m.: 24th and 25th, Larks about light: 27th, Larks,
Starlings, and Blackbirds about light; two killed; fresh breeze
S.E., clear: 28th, flocks of Larks going W. during day; wind
moderate S.W.: 29th, several about light; clear: 30th, flocks
going E. during day (see also under Chaffinch). November
10th, flocks going W. during day; wind moderate S.W.:
28th, several going W. during day: 29th, several going N.W.
December 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th, some about light: 16th, one
going N.W,

.
412 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894 -

;

Copeland (Mew) Island—September 25th, “Sky and Tit
Larks” from midnight to 5 amM.; several striking, and
some killed; wind moderate E., light haze. October 8th,
several; and November 25th, large numbers (see notes under
Blackbird).

Maidens South.—March 26th, 28th, and 30th, a few seen.
April 2nd, seven going W.: 3rd, four at 3 A.Mm.: three killed
striking; wind light N.E., misty: 6th, twelve noted: 7th, seven
Larks, three Starlings, one Stonechat at lantern at 11 P.M.; two
Larks killed; wind light E., gloomy: 10th, three Larks, two
Starlings, one Thrush at lantern at 10 P.M.; wind moderate
S.E., drizzling: 12th, ten going S.W.

Innishtrahull.September 12th, two at 2 p.M.; wind light
N., rain: 28th, four at 4 P.mM.; wind moderate S.E., gloomy.
December 8th, eight on island at 3 p.M.; wind moderate S.W.,
misty.

Tory Island.—October 27th and 28th, great rush at night
(see under Redwing).

Eagle Island, Hast.—October 17th, three Skylarks on island.

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

fockabill—October 27th, two (see under Chaffinch).

Drogheda North—December 17th, flock at 11 a.m.

Innishtrahull.—October 10th, flock on island at 10 A.M., first
arrival; wind light N.W., rain. .

Tory Island.—October 13th, two about island at 2 P.M.; wind
moderate W., foggy.

Rathlin O Birne.—February 16th, twelve on island at 4 P.M.;
wind moderate N., overcast.

Killybegs—January 4th, ten “ Bunting”—[Possibly Snow
Bunting.—R. M. B.]—all day remain about station. February
27th, six “ Bunting” all day, remain, young birds; gale S.W.

Eagle Island, Hast—May 8th, last Snow Bunting observed.
“ Snow Buntings, Titlarks, Sandlarks, Seagulls, Cormorants, and
Gannet to be seen every day in winter. The only birds which
breed on the island are the Sand Plover, Titlark, Wheatear, and
a pair of Seapies, also a pair of Martins in ventilator of light-
house. No flocks of birds going in any particular direction
observed.— JOSEPH CORISH.”

a

1894] IRISH COAST 413

YeLLow Buntine (Emberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 4th, two about ship at 10 a..;
flew N.E. at 4 p.m.; light haze.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 19th, four about ship at
6 p.M.; flew N-W.; calm, clear.

Codliny Bank Light-ship—April 1st, one on ship at 6 A.M. ;
calm, fog.

Rockabill—March 24th, one or two on rock at 8 A.M.; wind
light E.

CHAFFINCH (fringilla celebs, Linn.).

Hook Tower.— January 8th, “during the past four days
Chaffinches, Greenfinches, and Grey Linnets have been round
here dying in hundreds. The Skylarks appear better able
to find something to eat, as I got none of them dead. [The
Chaffinch is one of the hardiest of our birds, and the Skylark
one of the first to feel the effect of frost and snow.—R. M. B.]
I picked up over a dozen dead Rock Pipits. The Starlings also
died in scores. I got seven Grey Plover killed against glass
(a rare bird to strike), and four Lapwing.” [A leg and wing
of one of the “Grey” Plover, “not one of the lantern killed
ones, but exactly the same,” was received two days later, and
proved to belong to the Golden Plover—R. M. B.] “I fancy
little importance can be attached to the direction the birds
struck from on that night, as, owing to the quantity of snow
which fell, the birds made for the sea-coast, where the snow
soonest thaws, in thousands, and were in fields on the north
side of station, and after our fog-gun was fired every ten
minutes the birds rose and made circuits round tower and
lantern, some of them striking and getting killed. The Common
Crows and even the Starlings were eating the dead birds, but
made no attempt to kill them.—J. HIGGINBOTHAM.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 21st, two lighted on ship at
9 A.M, and died; wind light S.E., light haze: 25th, four lighted
on ship at 10 a.M.; two died; wind light S.E.: 28th, two fell
in the sea trying to fly on shore at 10 a.m.; wind light E.
September 12th, two about ship at 2 p.m.: 14th, one about
ship at 11 a.m.; flew N.E. at noon; wind light S.E.: 26th,

414 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
>

one about ship; flew N.E. at 4 p.m.; wind moderate N.E., clear.
October 16th, two about ship at 2 P.M; wind N.E. December
Ath, two about ship at 2 P.M.; wind light N.E., clear.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—February 23rd, “one Skylark and
one Chaffinch on board for a short time during forenoon,
going N.” April 1st, two on board for a few minutes.

Tuskar.—October 20th, “ Finches” at night (see note under
Starling).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 18th, flock going
N.W. at 8 a.M.; wind moderate E., clear. March 14th, six
going N.W. at 11 A.m.; wind moderate S.W.: 23rd, one going
N.W. at 3 p.m: 27th, flock going N. at 11 A.M; wind light E.N.E.:
28th, flock going N.W. at 10.30 a.m; wind light N.E.: 30th, one
about deck from 3 P.M. to sunset; calm, clear. April 6th, one
about deck from 3 P.M. to sunset; wind moderate N.E., clear:
7th and 8th, Chaffinches and other birds about light (see under
Willow Wren): 12th, some about ship (see note under Swallow).

Arklow South Light-ship—March 25th, two going N.W. at
8 a.M.; wind light S.E.: 26th, one rested on ship at 10 A.M;
wind light E.; 27th, one rested on ship at 7 a.m.; wind light E.,
gloomy: 29th, one noted. October 3rd, one rested on ship at
11 am. going N.; wind light S.E., clear: 13th, one “flying
about and lighting on ship” at noon; wind light W., clear.
[November 11th, wing and foot of Chaffinch received, rested on
ship and died. ]

Arklow North Liyht-ship—March 19th, two about ship from
4 pm. to 6 pM.; flew N.W., calm, clear. November 26th,
some at 11 a.M., going W.; wind light N.E.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 22nd, several going N.W. at
11 a.M.; calm: 24th, several going N.W. at 9 a.m.: 26th, one on
ship at 1 P.m.; calm, light haze: 31st, two on ship at 8 AM.;
wind light S.W. April 5th, one on ship at 4 p.m. November
15th, one on ship at noon; fresh bteeze S.W.: 24th, one on
ship at 11 a.M.; wind moderate S.E.: 27th, one about ship at
11 a.M.; wind light E.

Rockabill.—January 10th, a number on rock at noon; flew N.;
gale S.W.: 27th, some at 9 a.m.; gale W. March 16th, some at
4 a.M.; wind light N.W. May 15th, five at noon; strong breeze
N.E. October 9th, twenty in the morning; wind fresh to
strong breeze S., misty: 13th, great number on rock; wind

aii

1894] IRISH COAST 415

light N.E., clear: 20th, numbers at lantern at midnight; strong
breeze E.: 22nd and 23rd, some on rock; wind light S.E.:
24th, numbers of Chaffinches and flock of Starlings at lantern
and on rock; gale S.: 27th, Chaffinches, two Greenfinches, flock
Starlings, two Snow Buntings, Larks, and a number of Field-
fare round light and on rock next day; misty, wind moderate,
variable.

Drogheda North.— November 8th, two male Chaffinches
going W. at 10 a.m.; strong breeze N., clear. “I notice it
is male Chaffinches which pass light-houses in winter.—
J. TorrEnHaM.” December 7th, flock going W, at 2 P.M.;
wind moderate S.W., misty: 27th, three at noon.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 18th, one about ship at
10 AM.; wind light N.W., rain: 30th, Chaffinches, Thrushes,
and Larks about light during night; two killed; strong breeze
S.E., rain.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—March 5th, several all day, remain-
ing; wind light 8.W., gloomy.

Maidens South—March 24th, one on rock flew W.; wind
light S.E., misty. From one to four noted on rock on 27th,
29th, 31st, and April 4th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th: 13th, three
Chaffinches, two Crows going S.W. at 9 a.m.; fresh breeze
S.E.: 14th, two on rock all day; strong breeze E., clear.

Innishtrahull—|[April 10th, wing of Chaffinch received.]
November 14th, two on island at 3 p.M.; gale S.W., rain.

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Hook Tower—January 8th, “a small bird came into the
house during hard weather on 6th, appeared quite tame, and
lived in a cage till 7th.” [Brambling received in flesh.]

Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Rockabill—May 15th, five “Sparrows” on rock at 5 P.M.;
strong breeze N.E., rain.

Drogheda North—May 18th, a large flock of House Sparrows
about station at noon; strong breeze N.E.; “these birds have
appeared about station the last few days, they are rarely seen

416 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894 ©
_
down from the farm-houses.” June 12th, numbers all day

about station; strong breeze N., showery.
South Maidens.—March asth, one Sparrow, “the first ee
‘row ever seen on the rock;” wind light S., misty.

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 8th, “during the past four days
Greenfinches and other birds have been round here dying in
hundreds” (see full note under Chaffinch at this station).

Arklow North Light-ship—January 29th, several, and one
“Woodlark” from 9 A.M. until dusk, on and about deck all
day. April 23rd, several about ship at 11 a.m. going W.; wind
moderate S.E., rain. September 23rd, two from 7 A.M. to noon,
one died; wind light S.E., clear. October 14th, one Green
Linnet on deck at 12 P.m.; calm, clear; remained feeding on
deck: 19th, several small birds about ship all day; some Green
Linnets and a Lark died on deck ; wind light N.E., clear: 25th,
several on deck all day; some remained all night; three
caught; fresh breeze S.W., clear. November 25th, several
about lantern from 1 a.m. to 4 A.M; one killed striking; wind
moderate 8., gloomy: 26th, “Green Linnets and Chaffinches ”
going W. at 11 a.M.; wind light N.E.

Rockabill__Sanuary 10th, numbers on rock at noon; gale
S.W.; flew N. October 13th, some; wind light N.E.: 23rd, ten
at 8 AM.; wind light S.E., clear: 27th, two about light (see
under Chaffinch).

Drogheda North.—November 20th, “Green Linnets” going
W. at 2 pM, clear.

Maidens South—March 25th, 27th, 28th, one. April 5th,
three going W.; wind light E.: 8th, two: 10th, one.

“ GOLDFINCH.”

Arklow North LIight-ship—March 3rd, several flocks of Gold-
finches going N.W. at 8 a.m.; fresh breeze W.S.W., clear: 5th,
several flocks of Linnets and Goldfinches going N.W. from 11 A.M.
till noon; fresh breeze S.W., hazy and rain. [Mocks of Gold-
finches are so rare, that I have put name in inverted commas.
—R. M. B.]

: 2 1894] IRISH COAST 417

Linvet (Linota cannabina, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January 8th, “ during the past four days Grey
Linnets and other birds have been round here dying in

hundreds” (see full note under Chaftinch at this station).

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 5th, “one cock Linnet (Red-

} breast) and Skylark” caught on upper deck; wind moderate
S.E., snow (see also under Thrush): 6th, some about light

(see under Skylark). October 13th, two “Grey. Linnets”
about ship at 10 a.m.; gloomy: 17th, “ Redbreasted Linnet ”
about ship at 1 pM.; went N.E. at 2 pm.; wind light
N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—March 11th, five Linnets lit on
board for a short time at 11 am. going N.; showery. Nov-
ember 18th, two large flocks going S.W. at 11 a.m., flying
low; fresh breeze 8.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 5th, flocks going
N.W. with Starlings and Larks: 12th, one Linnet found dead
on deck at 9 A.M.; wind light W.S.W., clear—[Leg and wing
of Linnet received]. February 28th, two going N. at 11 A.M.
fresh breeze N.W., clear. March 5th, two going N.W. at 8 a.m.:
9th, flock going N.W. at 3 p.Mm.: 10th, flock going N.W. at
11 a.m.; fresh breeze S.W.: 22nd, one about deck from 8 A.M. to
noon; wind light S.E., clear. April 12th, Linnets about ship
(see note under Swallow). September 13th, one Linnet lighted
on ship at 11 a.M.; wind light N.E, hazy. November 18th,

. flocks going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—Mavrch 9th, five “Grey Linnets ”
going N.W. at 4 p.M.; wind moderate W., showery ; some about
light after dark: 17th, one “Grey Linnet” going N. at 4 p.M.:
18th, three going N.W. at 9 A.M.; wind light W.: 21st, two
going N.W. at 8 a.M.; wind light S., gloomy: 23rd, one rested
on ship: 27th, one rested on ship at 7 A.M. September 20th,
two going S.E.; wind light N.W. October 5th, a flock of
Linnets going N.E. at 5 p.M.; wind N.E.: 26th, several flocks
with Larks going W. during day; wind light 8. November 2nd,
flocks like Linnets (see under Thrush).

Arklow North Light-ship—January 28th, several flocks going
W. all day. March 3rd, several flocks going N.W. at 10
A.M.; strong breeze W.S.W.: 5th, several flocks (see under

418 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

;
Goldfinch): 10th, several going N.W. at 7 aM.; wind light
S.W. November 15th, several flocks going N.W.; fresh breeze
S.W.: 26th, some going S.W.

Drogheda North—August 6th, “ Grey Linnets and Swallows ”
going N. (see under Swallow).

South Rock Light-ship—April 5rd, two Linnets going N.W. at
9aM.; fog: 4th, two going N.W. at 9 a.M.; wind light E., fog:
7th, some about light ; gloomy : 11th, several Linnets going N.W.
at 1 p.M.; wind light E.: 19th, several going N.W. at 11 aM.;
wind light E. September Ist, one going W.: 23rd, several
going W. at 10 aM.; wind light E., clear.

Maidens South—March 28th, 29th, and 31st, from two to five
“Grey Linnets” noted. April 6th, three going S.W.; wind
moderate E: 11th, one noted.

Innishtrahull.—October 12th, flock of Grey Linnets going E.
at 11 A.M.; wind moderate 8.S.W., misty.

Eagle Island, EHast—June 15th, two resting on island.
October 15th, flocks flying about station.

Bull Rock.—January 6th, Linnets on rock all day; wind
N.E., a little snow. February 14th, fifty Linnets on rock all
day ; wind moderate S.W., gloomy.

TWwItE (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.[ April 11th, wing of Twite received.]

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—January 4th, a flock of Starlings about
hill all day; strong breeze E.: 24th, some going N.W. at
10 A.M. February 28th, four all day; gale S.W. March 15th,
' three at noon; wind moderate N.W. November 5th, seven
going N.W. at 2 p.M.; wind light N.W.: 24th, five going N.W.
at 10 A.M.

Hook Tower.—January, Starlings and other birds died in
scores. “The Common Crows and even the Starlings were
eating the dead birds, picking them up, but made no attempt
to kill them.” (See full note under Chaffinch at this station.)
April 12th, two round light at 3 a.M.; one killed, one disabled ;
wind light N., clear.

1894] IRISH COAST 419

Coningbeg Lrght-ship.— January 5th, several about light
(see under Thrush): 6th, several (see under Skylark).
September 29th, two flocks noted going N.; wind moderate E.,
clear. October 12th, some about light all night: 15th, two
large flocks going N. at 8 a.m.; two flocks at 2 p.M.: 18th,
flock going N.E.: 20th, several flocks going N.E.: 24th,
Starlings about ship at 10 am, flying low. November
24th, several (see under Blackbird). December 8th, several
noted.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 24th, two flocks going
N.W. at 2 p.o., flying high; wind moderate to fresh E.

Tuskar.—July 27th, several going N.W. at 6 P.M.; wind
light N.W.: 50th, Starling all night round light; fresh breeze
N.E., misty. August 25th, Starlings all night. October 19th,
some all night round light; strong breeze E., rain: 20th, flocks
of Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Finches, etc., going W.;
numbers killed; gale E., rain, thunder and _ lightning.
November 21st, some Starlings killed at night.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 3rd, flocks of Starlings
and Blackbirds going N.W. during day; strong breeze S.E.,,
clear: 4th, flocks, with Blackbirds and Thrushes, going N.W.
from 9 A.M. to noon; strong breeze E., snow showers: 5th,
flocks, with Larks and Linnets, going N.W. from 9 A.M. to
4pm.; wind E., snow: 6th, great rush: and 7th, flocks (see
under Skylark). February 11th, flock about light all night ;
strong gale S.W. March 8th, several about light; two
killed striking: 9th, four about light: 29th, flock about
light. July 25th, two about light at 10 pM.; wind light
S.E., thunder; one killed striking—[Leg and wing of Starling
received]. October 3rd, several (see full note under Thrush).
November 10th, flock going N.W. at 9 am: 15th, two flocks
going N.W.; wind moderate to fresh 8.W.: 18th, flocks going
N.W. in morning: 24th and 30th, flock going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 6th, flocks of Starlings
and other small birds during day going N.W., overcast:
10th, two rested on ship. February 18th, one about ship
at 10 A.M.; seemed tired. March 19th, one rested; also
a Golden-Crested Wren. October 2nd, one rested on ship
at 10 A.M. going N.W.; wind light S., clear: 18th and 19th,
several flocks of Starlings and “other small birds” going W.

420 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

and N.W. during these two days; fresh eee N.E., clear; one
Starling rested on ship.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 1st, three young Starlings
on deck all day.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 12th, one on ship at 6 A.M.;
calm, light haze. October 24th, large flock going N.W. at
9 am.; gale 8.W., fog. November 7th and 8th, great flocks
Larks and Starlings during forenoon going N.W.: 10th, flocks
going N.W.: 24th, one on ship: 26th, one killed striking ;
wind moderate E., gloomy: 28th, several about light; wind
light N.W.

Rockabill.—March 16th, some round lantern at 4 A.M.; flew
E. in the morning; wind light N.W. October 8th, one on rock
at noon; wind light S.E.: 23rd, flock at 8 a.m.: 24th and 27th,
a flock (see under Chaffinch). November 2nd, flock going W.
at noon ; wind moderate S.W,, clear.

Drogheda North—April 4th, about thirty going S.W. at
10 am.; calm. May 2nd, a large flock going N.W. at noon;
wind moderate N.W.: 12th, three Starlings rested at 5 A.M.,
and flew N. June 13th, a large flock going N. at5 am. July
20th, some hundreds about station all day, nearly all young
birds; wind light S.W., clear.

South Rock Light-ship.—February 18th, several about light at
2 A.M.; wind moderate 8.E., clear. October 9th, one about
deck at 11 a.m; fresh breeze S.W., hazy: 23rd, flock going N.W.
at 10 am.: 24th, some about light: 26th, one on deck during
day: 27th, several going N.W. at 10 am; fresh breeze E.;
also during night at lantern. December 27th, one going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 7th, large flock all day,
remaining; gale W. March 10th, flocks all day, remaining:
20th, flock. “Starlings breed on isle.” They frequent this
island all the summer months, and are to be seen every day.
October 27th, some striking, midnight to 4 a.m.: dark and
squally.

Maidens South—March 24th, six Starlings and one Crow
going W. at 8 A.M.; wind light S.E.: 26th, ten noted. April 7th
and 10th, a few at lantern.

Innishtrahull—October 5th, six on island at 11 A.M.; wind
moderate S.E., gloomy: 8th, one disabled at 4 a.M.; wind light
S., misty.

1894] IRISH COAST 421

Tory Island.—October 26th, 27th, and 28th, great rush
(see under Redwing). November 26th, numbers; Water Rail
killed striking same night.

Rathlin O Birne-—January 5th, Starlings all day on island ;
fresh breeze 8.E., snow.

Eagle Island, East.—< November 7th to 15th, large flocks
of Starlings came from the land; after feeding a short time,
returned again.”

Clare Island.—October 20th, a dozen Starlings flying about
station ; the first seen this season.

Slyne Head, Ni—January 10th, hundreds of Starlings on
island all day; wind S.E., snow.

Samphire Island.—October 22nd, several about light at 11 P.M.;
gale S.E., cloudy. November 16th, twenty going S8.W. at
1 pM., flying very high and scattered; strong breeze S.W.
December 3rd, one on island; strong gale S.E.

Bull Rock.—January 3rd, Starlings on rock all day; wind
light E., gloomy: 9th, thirty on rock at 9 a.M.: 25th, twenty on
rock at 10 a..; fresh breeze W., clear: 28th, one disabled.

CHoucH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Rathlin OBirne—March 28th, two Choughs going W. at
noon; wind moderate S.E., blue sky, misty.

Bull Rock.—January 6th, Choughs on rock all day; wind
N.E., a little snow: 22nd, ten on rock all day; wind moderate
N., hail.

RAVEN (Corvus coraz, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 17th, one Raven going E.
at noon; wind moderate N.E., clear.

HooDeED Crow (Corvus cornix, Linn.).

Rockabill.February 28th, six Hooded Crows on rock at
7 A.M.; strong breeze to gale S.W. May 16th, two “Crows”
on rock at noon.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 7th, four Hooded Crows
all day, remaining; gale W,

422 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
_

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—January, “ birds dying in hundreds; Common
Crows were eating the dead birds” (see full note under
Chaffinch at this station). April 30th, twenty or thirty
“Common Crows” going E. at 2 p.m.; fresh breeze N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 4th, one going N.E. at 10 A.M. ;
clear. April 2nd, six going N.E. at 6 a.M.; two lighted on ship
to rest: 17th, two flocks of Crows going for the land at 6 A.M. ;
calm, clear: 19th, flock of Crows going for the land at 8 A.M. ;
wind light S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 1st, one lighted on board for
a few minutes: 28th, one lighted on board, and afterwards
flew to land.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 4th, one going N. at
11 a.M.; strong breeze N.W., clear: 11th, one going N.W. at
11 a.Mm.; gale W.: 17th, six going N.W. at 11 a.M.; wind light
S.W., clear: 24th, flock going 8. at 8 AM.; wind moderate E.,
clear. April 3rd, flock going N.E. at 2 p.m.; wind light N.E.,
fog: 13th, flock going N.E. at 5 P.M.; wind moderate S.W.,
clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 8th, four going N.W. at
11 aM.; wind moderate W.: 23rd, three noted during day:
29th, seven going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 2nd, large flocks going
N.W. at 9 A.M.; strong breeze W., clear. April 22nd, a
flock going to the N.W.; fresh breeze S., clear. September
30th, two going W. about 11 AaMm.; “seemed to have
come from Wales.” October 22nd, one Crow going W.;
wind light S.E.: 28th, three going N.W. during day.
December 5th, two going N.W. during forenoon; wind
light S.W.

Codling Bank Lightship—March 24th, some going N.W. at
9 A.M.: 25th and 29th, one going N.W. April 2nd, flock going
W.:at 3 P.M.; wind light 8.W., fog. May 2nd, one going N.W.
November 16th, seven Crows going N.W. at 11 a.m.; fresh
breeze S.W.: 19th, one going N.W. at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze
S.W.

fockabill—January 20th, four Rooks on rock; gale N,W,

1894] IRISH COAST 423

Drogheda North.—May 21st, hundreds of Rooks about rabbit

burrow at noon; wind light N.E., clear.
_ Maidens South.—March 24th, one going W. at 8 A.M.: 25th
and 27th, three Crows noted going W.: 30th, one. April 3rd,
four going S.W. at 7 a.M.: 6th, 7th, and 12th, three to four:
13th, two going S.W. at 9 a.m.

Innishtrahull—August 30th, two at 10 a.m.; wind moderate
N.W. September 29th, three at 11 a.m.; wind moderate S.E.
October 21st, fourteen going S. at 11 a.M.; strong breeze E.,
gloomy.

Rathlin O’Birne-—March 31st, Crows going W. at 8 AM.;
wind light 8.E.

Eagle Island, East—December 18th, two Crows at 11 A™M.
rested on island, then went for the land.

Samphire Island—November 19th, great numbers of Rooks
going S.W. from 8 a.m. to 9 A.M.; fresh breeze S. W., rain ; “ flying
in flocks of from three to ten at intervals, and flying with
short, quick flaps of the wings, then soaring, without any
motion of the wings, wheeling suddenly about, and again pro-
ceeding with short, quick flaps, but making no cawing sound
as Rooks usually do.”

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—November 24th, Jackdaw about
ship at 1 p.m.; flew W. that night; wind moderate S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 5th, several at noon,
remaining; wind light W. March 28th, a few. June 11th,
large numbers on isle; build and breed on small Copeland
Isle.

FAY

Maidens South— April 12th, one “Jay” at lantern at 10 P.M. ;
wind moderate S.E. . [Missel Thrush ?—R. M. B.]

SwaLLow (Hirwndo rustica, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—June 11th, three all day; fresh breeze
N.W. September 5th, one going N.W. at noon; wind light
N.E.: 23rd, two all day; wind light N.E.

Hook Tower.—April 11th, three round light at 2 4.M., first

424 MIGRATION OF BIRDS . [1894

:
seen this year; wind light S., fog; five at 10 aM; wind light
N.E., haze: 17th, plentiful all day ; wind, variable. May 10th,
over a hundred on telephone wires at 2 P.M.; wind light N.,
clear.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 20th, three going N.E. at 2 P.M;
wind light S.W., light haze; “stopped at ship for about one
minute”: 27th, about twenty “going N.W. for the land” at
10 aM.; wind moderate 8.W., clear: 28th, about ten going
N.E. at 2 pM.; wind light W.: 29th, three going N.E. at
4 pM.; wind light W. May Ist, two going N.E. at 10 aM:
2nd, several about ship during day, making for land; wind
moderate, clear: 3rd, several going N. during day: 4th, some
going N.W., clear: 11th, several about ship; wind light 8.E.:
12th, two about ship, went N.W.: 17th, two about ship; wind
light N.E., fog; remained on board all night, went N.W. June 4th,
some going N.E. at noon; wind light E., fog ; two about ship at
4 pM., clear. September 25th, several going S.E. during day ;
fresh breeze N.E., clear: 27th, one Martin and Swallow about
ship at 4 pM.; caught and let go, this year’s birds; wind
light N.E., clear; some going S.W. from 12 to 6 PpM.: 28th,
several about ship from noon to 5 p.m.: 30th, large flock going
S.E. at 7 A.M, flying high ; wind light S.E.; four going 8.E. at
10 aM, flying low.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 1st, a few during day; wind
moderate N.W., showery: 2nd, a large flock going N. at 7 aM.;
wind moderate W., showery: 3rd, several flocks: 4th, four
during day: 12th, a flock going N.W. at 9 A.M.; wind moderate
N., clear: 29th, one lit on board at 1 P.M.

Tuskar.—September 1st, one killed; wind light N., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 27th, flock going N.W.
at 3 P.M.; wind light N.E., clear. April 1st, flock going N. at
10 a.M.; wind light S.W.: 8rd, flock Swallows and Thrushes
going N.W. between 10 a.m. and 3 P.M.; wind variable, fog:
7th, flock Swallows and other birds going N.W. between 5 a.M.
and 8 A.M.; wind moderate E., rain: 12th, “flock of Swallows,
Linnets, Chaffinches, and one Pigeon from 4 A.M. to 7 A.M. about
ship; wind light W,, light rain”: 17th, flock going N.W. at
9 am.; wind light W.: 25th, three going N.W. at 10 aM;
strong breeze 8.W.: 26th, six going N.W. at 4 PM.: 28th,
several about light from 9 P.M, to midnight; wind light S.W.,

1894] IRISH COAST 425

overcast. May 4th, flocks going N.W. 10 A.M. to 2 P.M.; fresh
breeze N., clear: 5th, flocks going N.W. 5 aM. to 11 A.M.; wind
moderate N.W., clear: 14th, flocks going N.W. 9 A.M. to noon ;
fresh breeze S., clear: 15th, flocks going N.W. 1 P.M. to 7 P.M.;
wind light, variable, showery. August 31st, one going N.W.
at11 A.M.; wind light N.W., clear. September 15th, flock going
S.E. at 11 a.m.; wind-light N.E., clear: 21st, flock going S.E. at
10 A.M.; wind moderate.8.E., gloomy: 24th, flock going S.E. at
9 A.M.; iiréoh breeze N.E., cirateast:

Urkiow South Light-ship—March 23rd, one going N. W. at
4 pM.; wind light N.E., gloomy; first seen this spring.
April 18th, one “ Martin or Swallow” going N.W. at 2 P.M.;
wind moderate N.E., clear: 27th, one going N.W. at 7 P.M.;
wind light N.E., clear. May 1st to 12th, “Swallows all day
going N.W.; wind and weather variable; a large number
passed.” June 15th, one going N.W. at 9 AM; wind
moderate N.E., rain. September 17th, odd Swallows going S.
during day; wind light S.E., gloomy; first seen going 8.: 18th,
small flocks going S. during day; wind light E., gloomy: 25th,
30th, and October 1st, small flocks going 8.E. during day.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 23rd, several going W. at —
noon; wind light 8., clear. September 27th, several going
S.E. from noon to 5 p.M.; wind moderate 8.E., light haze.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 27th, one going N.W. at
9 a.M.; calm, light haze: 30th, one on ship at 5 A.M.; wind S., fog.
April 7th, three flying about ship at 7 a.M.; wind light: N.E.,
hazy: 19th, one going N.W.at 11 A.M. May 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, and 8th, Swallows and flocks of Swallows going W.N.W.
during day; wind variable: 13th, Swallows going W.N.W.
during day; wind moderate S.S.W., rain: 15th, 16th, and 17th,
several during day, going N.W. on 17th: 24th, one going W. at
11 A.M.; wind moderate N.E., clear.

Rockabill—May 8th, six on rock at 10 A.M.; strong breeze
S.W.., cloudy.

Drogheda North—May 12th, one flying about station from
1 p.m. to 6 P.M.; wind moderate W., clear; first seen this season :
15th, several all day flying about station; strong breeze N.E.,
cloudy and rain: 21st, 22nd, and 24th, numbers all day flying
about; wind variable, clear; “very numerous every day”:
29th, numbers of Swallows and about twenty Swifts going N.W.

25

426 MIGRATION OF BIRDS ~ [1894

-

at 2 pM.; wind light S.W.,showery. June 12th, numbers of
Swallows flying about station from 2 P.M. to 7 P.M.; fresh breeze
N., showery. August 6th, great numbers of Swallows going N.
at 4 p.M.; “flying very scattered and making a great noise, they
were accompanied by a number of Grey Linnets;” wind mode-
rate W., clear.

South Rock Light-ship.— April 4th, one going N.W. at 9 a.M.;
wind light E., fog: 8th, one going N.W. at 11 aM.; wind light
S.E., hazy. October 8th, two going E. at 9 aM.; wind light
S., hazy.

Maidens South.—April 9th, four Swallows going W. at
noon; wind moderate S., rain: 11th, two going W.; wind
light 8.E.

Killybegs—April 23rd, two old birds remain for the summer;
wind moderate 8.E,, clear: 27th, six; wind light §., clear.

Lagle Island, Kast—May 11th, first Swallow of the year.

Clare Island.—May 15th, “two Swallows at noon; these were
the first seen this season.”

“ MARTIN.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—September 27th, one Martin and one
Swallow about ship at 4 P.M; caught and let go; this year’s
birds; wind light N.E., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship— April 17th, one Martin going
N,W. at noon; wind light W.S.W., clear.

Eagle Island, East.—“A pair of Martins breed in ventilator
of light-house.”

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Hook Tower—May 2nd, one Swift round tower at 7 P.M.;
wind moderate N.W., clear.

Tuskar.—July 30th, “ Swift killed striking glass at 12 a.m.;”
fresh breeze N.E., misty.
- Arklow South Light-ship—May 16th, odd Swifts going N.
during day; wind light E., haze, rain: 21st, two going N.;
wind moderate N.E.

Drogheda North—May 29th, about twenty Swifts going
N.W.

-

1894] IRISH COAST 427

NIGHTIJAR (Caprimulgus ewropeus, Linn.),

Hook Tower.—June 4th, “a strange bird shot after watching
it for a day or so; one of the men says it is a Night or Moth
Hawk, and that he saw them along the Mediterranean ports.
—J. Hicainsotuam.” [Female Nightjar received in flesh. |

Rockabill—May 15th, one Nightjar on rock at noon; caught
it; strong breeze E.N.E., haze, rain—CHaRLEs HAWKINS.
[Received in flesh.]

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Drogheda North—April 30th, one Cuckoo heard in Beauly
Wood at 6 am.; calm, clear; first heard this season. May
10th, one heard at 11 “p.m.”: 17th, one Cuckoo going W. at
5 P.M. ; gale N.E., clear.

Hoopor (Upupa epops, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale-—April 9th and 10th, one Hoopoe on hill
all day ; wind moderate S., weather variable.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—March 28th, “a bird lit on board
and died four days afterwards. When approached its crown
became erect and very handsome, and it used to make a hissing
noise at the same time——J. BEAHAN.” [Fresh skin of Hoopoe
received on April 10th.]

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 20th, “a bird seen on ship
at noon, about the size of a Redshank, dark yellow or ochre
colour and black across tail and back, with large top-knot on
head the same as a Cockatoo; only stopped for a moment, as
one of the crew tried to catch it; went N.E.; calm, clear.
—W. CLYDESDALE.”

. InnishtrahuilSeptember 15th, “one Hoopoe at 8 A.M.; a
rare visitor ; stopped until 24th.—GroRGE GILLESPIE.”

“ PIGEONS.”

Old Head, Kinsale—November 17th, three going N.E. at
noon; gale S.W., overcast, rain.

Hook Tower—January 10th, “we have at station now a
Pigeon that was taken from a nest in cliffs near station

428 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

last August, and reared by hand; it is quite tame, going
with the fowls at station and roosting amongst them.” “

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 12th, one about ship
(see note under Swallow).

Rockabill—March 20th, one Carrier Pigeon on rock at
8 AM.; wind light S., overcast; remained on rock two days:
24th, Wood Pigeon on rock at 8 a.M.; wind light E. June 5th,
one Carrier Pigeon on rock at 4 A.M.; wind moderate N.E, —
fog, rain. “This Pigeon remained on rock two months.”
October 9th, one Rock Pigeon on rock: 27th, two Pigeons
in the morning. November 2nd, Rock Pigeon at noon; wind
moderate 8.W.: 8th, one Carrier Pigeon noted.

Drogheda North—July 12th, three Rock Pigeons going
S.E. at 4 p.m.; wind moderate W., clear. August 4th, about
fifty Woodquests going N. at 2 P.M.; wind moderate W.,
cloudy. |

Maidens South—March 28th, two Blue Pigeons noted.

Tory Island. — October 21st, three Pigeons going E. at 10
A.M.; wind light W.

Bull Rock.—January 5th, three Pigeons on rock at 10 a.M.;
gale E., clear. February 12th, three on rock at 10 A.M.; strong
breeze N.W., hail.

GROUSE (Lagopus scoticus, Lath.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.— December 22nd, large flock of

Grouse all day, remaining; storm N.E., clear.

Corn-CRAKE (Crex pratensis, Bechst.).

Hook Tower.—May 13th, one at 10 a.m.; killed striking wire;
wind light S., rain.

fockabill,—May 15th, one on rock at 4 P.M.; strong breeze —
N.E., overcast. August 12th, one on rock at 7 AM.; flew
ashore; strong breeze W., gloomy.

Drogheda North.— May 8th, one heard close to station at
10 p.m.; fresh breeze W.; first heard this season.

Innishtrahull.—June 18th, one Land Rail at 3 PM.; wind
light S.S.W., clear. “Annual visitors; first arrival noticed ;
breed here.”

4

|
;
|

—— ——

1894] IRISH COAST 429

WaArTER-RAIL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Tory Island—November 26th, “numbers of Blackbirds,

_Thrushes, Starlings, and Land-Rail about lantern during night ;

numbers struck, none killed but Land-Rail; wind light 6.,

gloomy.” [Leg and wing of Water-Rail received. ]

Rathlin O’birne—F¥ebruary 26th, Water Rail on island at
noon; strong gale 8.W.

WATER-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Drogheda North.—April 2nd, one Water-Hen found dead

at 6 A.M.; wind light S.E., fog; supposed to have been killed

striking. [Leg and wing of Water-Hen received. |

RINGED PLOVER (4gialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Drogheda North—May 22nd, seven “Sand Plover” feeding
on river bank at 6 p.M.; wind light 8.E., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island—June 11th, four “ Ring Plovers ” all
day, remaining ; wind light N.W., clear.

Innishtrahull— February 12th, eight “Ring Dotterel”

_ stopped on island; wind moderate S.E., hazy.

Rathlin O’ Birne—February 20th, six “ Dotterels” on island

_ at noon; wind light E., overcast.

Eagle Island, Kast.—“Sand Plover breed on island.”
Samphire Island.—November 27th, numbers of Curlew, Sea-

pie, and Ring Dotterel about light from 8 p.m. to 11 P.M.; wind

_ light 8.E., fog ; one Ring Dotterel caught, the only one that came

near the glass. [Leg and wing of Ringed Plover received. ]

GOLDEN PLovER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale——January 6th, three “Grey Plover”

; going N.W. at 4 p.m.; wind light N.E.: 7th, six “Grey Plover”

tod

¥ =—_

a~%

going N.W. at 2 p.m.; wind moderate 8.W.

Hook Tower.—January, “seven Grey Plover killed against
glass, a rare bird to strike. A leg and wing of one, not one of
the lantern killed ones, but exactly the same, forwarded ”—[ Leg
and wing of Golden Plover received] —(see full note under

; Chaffinch at this station).

430 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

;

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 6th, “several flocks Grey
Plover during the day going N.E.;”-snow: 7th, flock “Grey
Plover” going N.E. at 11 a.M.; wind moderate S.W. August
30th, “Grey Plover” going N. at 2 pM, flying low; wind E,,
clear.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 9th, “Grey Plover” round
light; wind light E., clear: 23rd, flock of Golden Plover going
N.W. at 11 A.M.; one pitched on deck; gale S.E., rain.

Codling Bank Light-ship—November 17th, two Golden
Plover going S.W. at 10 A.m.; strong breeze S.W.

Innishtrahull—January 5th, two stopped on island; strong
breeze S., snow. October 24th, four on island at noon;
gale S.E.

Tory Island.—October 18th, flock about island during day ;
wind moderate W., foggy.

Rathlin O Birne—January 5th, Golden Plover on island all
day ; fresh breeze S.E., snow. March 30th, some all day; wind
moderate S.E. October 7th, eighteen going §.E. during day,
apparently young birds; wind moderate 8.E., clear: 27th, ten
going S, at 10 a.Mm.; wind light N.E,, clear. November 10th,
twenty-three, old and young, going N.E. at 2 p.M.; gale 8.W.,
hail: 27th, seven going N.E. at noon.

Killybegs—-January 10th, one going E.; strong breeze S.
February 14th, forty, mostly young birds, remained all day ;
wind light S.E., misty. April 6th, four young birds, remained
all day ; fresh breeze E.S.E.

Eagle Island, East.—October 14th, one resting on island.

GREEN PLoverR (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Old Head, Kinsale.—January 3rd, three going N. at 10 A.M. ;
strong breeze E., blue sky. “On the evening of the 4th, Grey
and Green Plover in countless numbers began to arrive with
the snow showers, they remained all night, and up to noon next
day, but the ground getting covered with the heavy fall, they
all left as suddenly as they came.” March 2nd, one going N.W.
at noon ; strong breeze N.W.: 11th, two going N.E. at 11 A.M. ;
gale N.W. November 26th, one on hill at 11 AM.; wind
light E.

Hook Tower—January, “four killed striking” (see full note
under Chaffinch at this station).

1894] IRISH COAST 431

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 5th, two flocks “Plover”
going N.E.; wind moderate E., snow. March 24th, three going
for Saltee Island at 11 a.M.; wind light E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 2nd, two about light at
7 P.M.; fresh breeze S.E., clear: 6th, great numbers of Lapwing,
etc, about light; many killed and disabled (see full note
under Skylark). March 26th, flock “Plover” going N.W.
at 2Pp.M.; wind S.E. April 6th, flock of “ Plover” about light
at 10 p.m.; wind light N.E., clear. [Leg and wing of Green
Plover received, killed striking. ]

| Arklow South Light-ship—March 26th, one Green Plover
rested on ship at 11 a.M.; “remained all day, did not appear to
be strong ;” wind light E., gloomy,

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 9th, several flocks going
S.W. from 9 a.m. to 3 P.M.; these flocks were small and scattered.
October 20th, two flocks of Lapwing going N.W. at noon, flying
high and scattered ; wind light E., showery: 28th, flocks going
N.W. during day; fresh breeze S. December 5th, four Lap-
wing going N.W. during forenoon ; wind light S.W.

Codling Bank Lighi-ship—November 30th, several about
light at night ; wind light E.

Rockabill.October 5th, two “ Peeweeps going W. at noon ;
remained on rock a while;” fresh breeze E.: 11th, rush of
birds, one or two Lapwings noted (see under Skylark).

Drogheda North—March 5th, thirteen going W. at 4 P.M;
gale W. December 26th, Lapwing going W. all day; wind
moderate N., clear.

South Rock Light-ship—April 8th, a few Larks and Plover
about light at 11 P.m.; calm, hazy.

Copeland (Mew) Island—Green Plover frequent this island
all the summer months.

Maidens South—March 24th, thirty-five going E. at 10 A.M.;
wind light S.E. April 3rd, seven at 5 a.M.

Inmshtrahull.—January 5th, three Lapwing and two Golden
Plover stopped on island ; strong breeze 8., snow. September
15th, one Lapwing at 4 P.M.; wind light N.W., gloomy.

‘Rathlin O' Birne.—January 30th, six on island at 8 AM;
strong gale W., hail. March 23rd, twelve going E. at 4 P.M. ;
wind light S. December 16th, six going N. at 1 P.M.; wind
light S.E., gloomy.

432 MIGRATION OF BIRDS — [1894

Killybegs—March 8th, thirty Green lager all day, remain ;
strong breeze 8.W., cloudy.

Slyne Head, N.i—January 12th, four all day. March 17th,
fourteen.

Bull Rock—January 5th, four on rock at 10 AM.; gale E.,
clear. March Ist, five on rock at 10 a.m.; fresh breeze W.,
gloomy.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Drogheda North—August 7th, five Turnstones on river
bank at 2 P.M.; first seen for some time; fresh breeze W.,
showery.

Samphire Island.—November 15th, a large flock of Turnstones
going N. at 2 P.M.; strong gale W., sleet.

OYSTER-CATCHER (Hamatopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 6th, Oyster-Catcher about
ship at 2 p.M.; went N.; wind N.W., clear.

fRockabill,— February 1st, six Seapie at 8 AM.; wind
moderate S.W. September 24th, one at noon; “ first seen this
autumn ;” wind moderate N., overcast.

Drogheda North.—July 30th, large flocks of Seapie all day
on banks of river; wind light §.E., clear. August 6th, a large
flock going S.H. at 2 P.M.; wind moderate W.: 9th, great
numbers on strand.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—March 10th, flocks all day, remain-
ing; fresh breeze W.: 28th, flocks. Seapies frequent this
island all the summer months. November 25th, flocks daily
round isle.

Rathlin OBirne—January 27th, twenty-four on island all
day ; strong gale N.W.

Eagle Island, East.—“ A pair breed on island.”

Samphire Island.—October 8th, six going N.E. at 3 P.m.;
fresh breeze S.W., clear: 9th, two on E. end of island at 3 P.m.;
strong breeze S.W. November 10th, six Seapie and numbers
of Curlew feeding on rocks on mainland at 2 p.m.; fresh breeze
N.W.: 18th, numbers feeding, and 27th, numbers. about light ;
wind light 8.E., fog.

1894] IRISH COAST 433

Woopcock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale-—January 5th, one on hill at 2 P.M.; wind
moderate N.E., snow. :

Innishtrahull.November 18th, three on island at 11 A.M.;
gale S., rain. |

Tory Island.—October 15th, one about island at noon;
fresh breeze N.E., clear: 16th, one about island at 6 A.M.
23rd, one found killed, having struck iron railings during
night.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 6th, six on island at noon; strong
breeze S.E., snow. October 29th, one going S. at 2 P.M.; “ came
from the north;” wind light S.E., showers. November 21st,
two going E. at noon; gale §.S.E., gloomy.

Killybegs—F¥ ebruary 6th, one at 1 P.M.; remains in vicinity ;
gale 8.W., gloomy.

Samphire Island.—November 28th, one struck lantern with
ereat force on north side at 4 a.m., killed; wind moderate S.E.,
foggy. [Wing of Woodcock received. |

COMMON SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel) and JACK SNIPE
(G. gallinula, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—January 1st, one Snipe on hill at noon ;
wind light N.E.: 14th, one at noon; wind light N.W.
October 19th, one at noon; wind moderate N.E. November
26th, one at 11 a.M.; wind light E.

Tuskar.—August 25th, Wheatears, Jack Snipe, and Titlarks
all night; several killed; wind light W., misty.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—dJanuary 6th, great rush of
birds; three Snipe found dead at 9 Am—[Leg and wing of
Common Snipe received, killed striking|—(see under Lark).

Arklow South Light-ship—April 8th, “one Snipe, one Lark,
and one Wagtail flying about and lighting on ship in the after-
noon ;” wind light N.E., hazy.

Rockabill—F ebruary 6th, one Snipe going N. at noon ; strong
breeze S.W., overcast.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 1st, several Snipe all day ;
wind moderate N.W. March 20th, several all day. “Snipe

434 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

:
breed on isle. They frequent this island all the summer.”
November 25th, a good number of Snipe on isle.

Innishtrahull_—aJanuary 3rd, ten Snipe, “ stopped on island ; ”
fresh breeze S.W., rain. February 12th, seven, “stopped
on island;” wind moderate S.E., hazy. November 10th,
three on island at 2 p.M.; first arrival; strong breeze 8.W.,
hail showers. December 28th, two on island at 2 P.M.; strong
gale W.

Tory Island.—October 13th, “twelve Snipe in flock about
island at 11 am.;” wind moderate W., foggy.

Rathlin O’ Birne-—January 5th, Snipe on island all day;
fresh breeze S.E., snow. October 2nd, three Snipe going S. at
11 aM.; fresh breeze S8.E., showers: 4th, six going S. at 9 A.M. ;
fresh breeze S.E., clear: 26th, four came from the N.; remained
on island all day; fresh breeze N.W., clear. November 22nd, .
five going S. at 1 p.m.; fresh breeze 8.W., clear. December 5th, —
six going E. at noon; wind light E., gloomy; “these birds }
remain till evening”: 7th, five going SE. at 2pm; windlight —
S.W., clear: 22nd, one Jack Snipe going N. at9 A.M.; hurricane ©
W., clear; “remained part of day.” : |

Killybegs—January 21st, eleven Snipe going S. at different
times during day; gale W., clear. March 25th, four going S.
at noon; wind light E., misty: 26th, one killed, striking at
midnight, young birds; wind light E., misty.

Eagle Island, Hast—October 14th, one Snipe resting on
island.

Slyne Head, N.—January 12th, eleven Snipe all day.

Dunuin (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—September 13th, two Dunlin on rocks at
10 aM.; wind light E., overcast.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 5th, numerous small
birds about light during night; a bird not known killed
against lantern—{Leg and wing of Dunlin received]; wind
variable, snow. August 23rd, several small birds flying
about light during night; wind light N.E., rain; one disabled
striking. [Leg and wing of young Dunlin received.]

Rockabil!l—November 25th, bird killed at lantern, supposed
to be rare. [Dunlin received in flesh.]

1894] IRISH COAST 435

St John’s Point, Down—April 8th, one “Sand Lark” at
11 P.M. about lantern; killed striking; wind moderate §%., rain.
[Leg and wing of Dunlin received.]

Knot (Tringa canutus, Linn.).

Samphire Island—December 11th, a large flock of Knots
going 8. at 3 P.M.; wind light N.W.

SANDERLING (Calidris arenaria, Linn.)._

Blackwater Bank—August 30th, flock of Sand Larks at
10.30 p.M.; wind light E.N.E., clear and cloudy. [Leg and
wing of Sanderling received; killed striking.]

“SAND LARKS.”

Coningbey Light-ship.—March 22nd, two “Sandpipers” at
10 A.M.

barrels Rock Lnght-ship—April 3rd, a number of “ supposed
Sea Larks ” going N. at noon; wind light E.

Arklow North Lnght-ship—October 1st, one Sand Lark all
day on deck; seemed disabled; died.

Rockabill—February 22nd, flock of Sand Larks on rock at
9 AM.; wind light N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—“ Sand Larks frequent this island
all the summer months.”

Rathlin O Birne—January 24th, Sand Larks on island all
day ; gale S.W.

Eagle Island, Hast.—Sand Larks every day in winter.

CuRLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Old Head, Kinsale—March 4th, a flock at 10 aM.; wind
moderate N.W.: 6th, three going N.E. at 4 PM; wind
moderate N.

Hook Tower.—April 12th, Curlew round light from 2 A.M. to
5 AM.; wind light N., clear.

Coningbeg Light-ship—ZJanuary 6th, large flock going N.E.
over ship. December 4th, one going S.W.

Tuskar.—July 27th, several going S.E. at 8 am. August
20th, several going S8.E. at 9 am.; “lighted on rock; were
never known to do so before;” wind moderate W., clear.

436 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

:

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—F¥ebruary 27th, flock going
N. at 10 p.m.; passed over ship; wind moderate 8.W. April
2nd, flock at 4 p.m. going S.W.; wind light 8.W., clear: 14th,
flock going N. at 4 p.M.; strong breeze 8.W., clear. October 8th,
Curlew passed over ship going 8.E. at 11 P.M.; wind light $.W.,
overcast.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 19th, three going S.E. at
8 AM.: 23rd, two going 8.E.; wind light N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 10th, observed Curlew
flying and whistling round lantern between 10 P.M. and 11
P.M.; wind moderate S.W., dark and clear. October 9th, “two
Curlew, and Grey Plover, and small birds” round light at
night; wind light E., clear; none struck.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 23rd, several going W. at
4 PM.; wind light S., hazy. May 4th, one noted: 9th, several
on ship during day ; wind moderate S.W., clear.

Rockabill—February 6th, two going N. at noon; strong
breeze S.W. August 16th, two on rock at 6 AMm.: 17th, two
going N.; wind moderate N.W. October 11th, two at lantern ;
wind light E., misty. ;

Drogheda North—May 31st, one going W.; calm, clear.
June 27th, three going N. at 8 p.m.; wind light E. July
22nd, three going W.; wind light 8.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—March 10th, flocks all day, remain-
ing; fresh breeze W.: 28th, flocks of Curlew and Seapies
all day, remaining; wind light S.E. Curlew frequent this
island all the summer months. November 25th, flocks daily
round isle.

Maidens South—March 26th, Curlew passing at ll PM:
27th, passing from 10 P.M. to midnight: 28th, passing all night
at intervals: 29th, passing from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M., apparently
going N. each of these nights. April 4th, six going N. at
8 AM.; wind light N.E,, foggy: 5th, four going N.: 9th, five
going N. at noon; wind moderate S., rain: 11th, some going
N.: 12th, some passing N. at night: 13th, four going N. at
6 b.M.; strong breeze E.: 19th, a few going N.at 6 A.M. and
4 p.M.; wind variable, clear: 20th, three going N. at 5 P.M.;
wind moderate S.E., misty.

Rathlin OBirne—January 17th, flocks on island at 4 P.M.;
wind moderate 8.W. February 23rd, some onisland ; gale N.W.

1894] IRISH COAST 437

Samphire Island.—October 13th, a large flock. resting on
rocks at 6 p.mM.; calm, clear. November 10th, numbers feed-
ing on rocks of mainland: 18th, numbers of Curlew and
Seapie feeding. at 2 p.m.: 27th, numbers of Curlew, Seapie,
and Ring Dotterel about light from 8 p.m. to 11 P.M.; wind
light S.E., fog.

WHIMBREL (Numenius pheopus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May Ist, five “ Maybirds” and two
Swallows “going N.E. for the land” at 10 a.m.; wind light
N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 28th, flock of Whimbrel
passed over ship going N. at 10 p.m.; wind light S.W., over-
cast. May 4th, flocks passed over ship at 10 P.M.; wind
moderate N., clear.

Drogheda North—May 6th, four going N.E. at 1 p.m.; fresh
breeze W., clear; first seen this season: 9th, two going W. at
6 p.M.; strong breeze W.: 11th, seven going W., flying very
high: 22nd, three going E. July 9th, three going N.E. at
2 Pp.M.; wind light S.E.: 13th, seven going W. at 6 P.M.

Killybegs—May 4th, “thirty-seven Maybirds all day; will
remain for three or four weeks; young birds very tame; fresh
breeze N.W.—JoOuHN KENNEDY,”

Eagle Island, East—May 20th, Maybirds; first observed,
and remain.

Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis, Naum.).

Vidal Bank.—October 12th, “bird found injured near light-
house, never saw one of the kind before.” [Common Tern
received in flesh. ]

“ TERNS.”

Old Head, Kinsale-—September 3rd, one Tern about light all
night ; wind light E.

Hook Tower.—May 14th and 15th, “flocks of ‘ Perrs’ or
‘Mews’ all day near tower, flying high; these birds build on a
small island at entrance to Fethard, six miles east of us.” June
7th to 13th, Common Terns have been off point at station in
thousands, also Puftins, Shearwaters, Razorbills, etc.

438 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
:

Rockabill—August 28th, “some Mews (Gulls) observed
several days.”

Drogheda North—June 4th, great numbers of Terns going
N.E.; “it took these from 11.45 P.M. to midnight to pass station,
they were in one continuous flock, and making a great noise—
JOHN DunuLEAVy ;” wind light E., fog and rain. July 15th,
one “Sea Mew” going N.; wind light W., clear: 21st, numbers
of “Sea Mew” about river all day ; wind light W.

St John’s Point, Down.—May 5th, two “ Greater Tern” going
E. at 3 P.M.; wind moderate W., gloomy.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 11th, “ Mews” arrived to-day
at 3 A.M.; come here to breed; wind light W., clear. June 4th,
“Mews” have commenced to lay eggs. September 9th, the
last of the “ Mews” have taken their departure, they have been
eradually decreasing in numbers since the 1st of September,
but some were delayed as their young were not able to fly on
the earlier date. October 7th, one Mew or Tern; wind light
E., clear.

Innishtrahull—May 26th, Tern at 8 am; gale N., rain;
first arrival, annual visitors, build here. September 10th, Tern
commenced to leave on this date, all left about the 20th. -

« GULLS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.— May 18th, young Sparrow Hawk
chased by Gulls. August 26th, one Black-headed Gull lighted
on ship at 4 p.M.; “bleeding from breast, apparently shot;”
clear. September 11th, large numbers on water.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 15th to 21st, Gulls con-
stantly noted. February, Gulls in large numbers. March,
Gulls noted several times. April, Gulls almost daily. May and
June, constantly. November, Gulls several times. December,
Gulls constantly. [The Gulls at this station are entered as
“large and small,” “ drifting, feeding, and flying about ship.”]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—<Gulls about ship daily during
January and February, and March and April.” “Gulls are
constant visitors.”

Arklow South Light-ship—January 25th, small flocks of
small Gulls going in various directions during day. February
20th, Gulls chasing a Lark at 10 a.m,

1894] IRISH COAST 439

Arklow North Light-ship—October 29th and 30th, Gulls
chasing and eating small birds (see full note under Skylark).
November 12th, one Seagull about ship at 6 PpM.; killed
striking, fell on-board ; gale N.W., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—March and April, “a few Herring
Gulls, Black Backs, and small Common Gulls about station
during these months.” May, “number of Puffins, Gulls, and
Gannet passing and about ship this month.’ November,
“Herring and small Gulls about station each month, also a
few Black-back Gulls.”

fiockabill.February 1st, four Royal Gulls on rock. June
15th, great number of “H. Gulls” on the water. August
26th, Royal Gulls, Herring Gulls, etc., seen all round the
place on the sea and on the rocks. November 2nd, flocks of
Herring Gulls going E. from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.; wind moderate
S.W., clear.

Drogheda North.—August 6th, numbers of Kittiwake and
other Gulls: 9th, great numbers of Gulls and Seapies on strand.

Rathlin 0’ Birne-—November 1st, one Iceland Gull going N.E. ;
young bird, wind fresh S.E., gloomy: 3rd, one Iceland Gull, young
bird, going N.; fresh breeze S.E., gloomy: 30th, one Iceland Gull,
young bird, going N.; wind moderate N.W., clear. December
2nd, one Iceland Gull, young bird, going E—Joun KENNEDY.

Killybegs.—February 20th, one Iceland Gull all day, old bird;
wind light E., misty. May 10th, one Iceland Gull all day;
apparently wounded; strong breeze W. “Never saw one so
late in the year before—JoHN KENNEDY.”

HKagle Island, Hast—Gulls daily in winter.

Clare Island—March 20th, large number of Sea Gulls,
“resorting to cliffs here, apparently pairing.”

Samphire Island.—October 7th, thousands of Herring, Kitti-
wake, and Common Gulls, Razorbills, Puffins, and Mackerel
Cock feeding on fry in the bay all day; calm, clear: 11th,
great numbers of Gulls and Gannet fishing in bay: 13th,
immense numbers of Gulls, Cormorants, Puffins, Razorbills,
and Guillemots feeding on fry all day; calm, clear; the bay
was actually swarming with them, the noise they made was
deafening. November 9th, two Greater Black-backed Gulls:
14th, one Iceland Gull going N.W.; gale W., snow showers:
23rd, two Great Black-backed Gulls.

440 | MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
_

Bull Rock.—March 7th, Kittiwakes on rock. “ Kittiwakes
build on this rock” (see note under Razorbill). “ Herring
and Royal Gulls build on adjacent rocks, they are residents.”

“ SKUAS.”

Samphire Island.—October 26th, one large Skua Gull going
N.W. at 3 P.M.; wind light E., rain. “The largest one I ever saw,
and very dark in colour, it gave chase to a Grey Gull for a
short distance.”

MANX SHEARWATER (Puffinus anglorwm, Temminck).

Hook Tower.—April 24th, Manx Shearwater at 4 P.M. driven
on to land by violence of S.W. gale: 30th, twenty to forty on
sea near station; fresh breeze N.E. June 7th to 13th, Shear-
waters off point at station.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— September 1st, Manx Shearwater
going W. at 11 p.M.; wind N.E.; one disabled, striking ; fell
on deck: 15th, six going N.E., flying low; wind light N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship——February 11th, some “Mackerel
Cocks ;” gale S.W.: 25th, about'a hundred “ Mackerel Cocks,”
flying low ; strong breeze S.W.: 26th, several large flocks going
W. during forenoon: 27th, a few large flocks. April 14th,
21st, and 25th, a few noted during day. May 3l1st,some. June
1st to 10th, numbers noted during day: 17th, 18th, and 23rd,
some.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—<Gulls daily about ship in
large numbers during April, also Shearwaters.”

Arklow South Light-ship—March 12th, odd Manx Shear-
waters going in various directions during day ; wind moderate
S.W.; first seen: 13th and 16th, odd ones during day. April
10th, several: 25th, several “Mackerel Cock” flying about ;
gale S.W., sleet. May 14th, several Manx Shearwaters
apparently after small fish: 17th, 18th, 19th, and 21st, some
noted during day. June 19th, several “ Mackerel Cock” flying
about ship during day.

Drogheda North.—June 17th, large numbers fishing.

St John’s Point, Down.—April 8th and 9th, numbers of
Manx Shearwaters going N.E. during day; wind fresh to
strong 8.

ss oe ee

—— ae

1894] IRISH COAST 441

Samphire Island.—October 7th, great numbers ‘“ Mackerel
Cock” feeding in the bay.

StorM PetTrEL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Lnight-ship—August 14th and 15th, two
Stormy Petrels about ship from 3 P.M. on 14th to 6 P.M. on
15th; wind moderate N.W., showery.

Arklow North Light-ship—September 28th, one Stormy
Petrel on ship’s deck at 2 A.M.; wind moderate E., light haze ;
caught, and let go next day.

RAZORBILL (Alcea torda, Linn.), and
GUILLEMOT (Uria trove, Linn.).

Hook Tower—June 7th to 13th, Razorbills off point at
station. r

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— January 17th, “Murs” noted: 31st,
four “Murs.” February, “Murs” noted several times. March
drd, a large number of “ Murs” during day, flying low: 8th, ten
noted. April, “Murs” noted several times. May, Murs con-
stantly noted. June, large numbers almost daily. November
20th and 21st, several flocks of Murs going S.E,, flying low:
27th, a few Murs going N.E. during day. December Ist,
three flocks; numbers noted between 12th and 22nd: 31st,
a few.

Rockabill.—October 12th, flock of Guillemots going 8. in the
morning; wind light S.E., clear: 24th, Guillemots going S. at
9 AM.; gale 8.

Drogheda North—June 17th, large numbers (see full note
under Gannet).

Rathlin O’ Birne.—October 14th, a large number of Guillemots
going N.E. all day ; wind light S.E., gloomy: 30th, two “ Black
Guillemots, male and female,” going S., fishing round island all
forenoon ; wind moderate W., clear.

Hagle Island, East.—March 28th, Razorbills first seen on the
water.

Samphire Island.—October 7th and 13th, immense numbers
(see under Gull).

Skelligs—*“ Guillemots cannot be got here sooner than the

end of March or 15th of April. I never saw them on the
25

442 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894
>
rocks during the winter months at any of these west outlying

stations.— WILLIAM MAGINN.”

Bull Fock.—February 22nd, “twenty Puffins (Razorbills)”
going N. at 1 p.M.; wind light S., clear: 28th, “twenty Puffins
(Razorbills)” fishing close to rock at 3 P.M. March Oth,
“ Puffins (Razorbills and Guillemots)” on rock at 7 A.M: 6th,
“Sea Parrots, Guillemots,” on rock at 7 A.M.: 7th, forty Razor-
bills on rock at 7 A.M.: 13th, “a hundred Puffins (Parrots and
Guillemots)” on rock at 7 A.M.; wind moderate W., gloomy.
“ Razorbills, Guillemots, Sea Parrots, and Kittiwakes build on
this rock. They number several hundred of each species.
They arrive about February 20th, and leave on or about the
1st of August.” [Species ill defined here.—R. M. B.]

PurFIn (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Hook Tower—June 7th to 13th, Puffins off point at
station.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 4th, three “Parrots” noted
during day; the first seen this year: 10th, eight, and 11th, fifty
drifting during day; Parrots noted constantly during month.
May 9th, 10th, 11th, 28th, 29th, and 30th, Parrots noted. June,
Parrots almost daily.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—Puffins about ship daily during
March. “Puffins are constant visitors.’ June ‘7th, first
observed the Puffins with young.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May, “number of Puffins, Gulls,
and Gannet passing and about ship this month.”

Rockabull—F ebruary 20th, flocks of “Sea Parrots” going N.
at 10 AM.; wind light S.W. [Puffins?@—R. M. B.] October
24th, Puffins going S. at 9 AM; gale S.

Drogheda North—June 17th, large numbers.

Rathlin O’ Birne—March 25th, Puffins going N. at noon;
fresh breeze S.E., blue sky, misty.

Eagle Island, Hast—April 2nd, Puffins first observed.
October 6th, last Puffin observed.

Olare Island.— April 13th, large numbers of Puffins “ resorted
to cliffs this morning.” August Ist, “the Puffins that came
here in April have now left the cliffs.”

Samphire Island.—October 7th and 13th, numbers fishing.

1894] IRISH COAST 443

Bull Rock.—[Sea Parrots, Razorbills, and Guillemots appear
to be all classed as “Puffins” at this station; they are all
said to build on rock. See full notes under Razorbill and
Guillemot.—R..M. B.]

GREAT NorTHERN DIvER (Colymbus glacialis, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 16th, several flocks going
S.W. all day ; wind moderate N.E., clear: 26th and 27th, flocks
going 8.W. all day.

Rockabill—June, Divers during latter part of month.

Drogheda North—January 11th, two fishing on river; strong
breeze S.W.

Rathlin O’ Birne—November 14th, one going §.; gale 5.W.,
hail showers.

Samphire Island—November 14th, one fishing close to
island at 3 P.M.; gale W., snow showers: 21st, one fishing close
to island at 2 p.M.; strong gale 8.W. clear. December 16th,
one going N.W. at 2 p.m.; fresh breeze W.

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.), and
SHae (P. graculus, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 16th, three “ Black Shag”
noted; fresh breeze 8.W.: 23rd, one: 25th, two: 28th, one.
February 10th, two. December 14th, one Cormorant at ship.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 14th, one Cormorant: 21st,
one: 22nd, two. November 12th, one: 16th, two.

Rockabill.JIune 15th, five Cormorants on the water.

Rathlin O' Birne.—January 12th, twelve Cormorants going
E. at noon; fresh breeze 8.W. February 10th, some going E.;
strong gale W. November 12th, one White-breasted Cormorant
going 8.

Eagle Island, Kast—Cormorants every day in winter.

Clare Island.—March 20th, twelve Cormorants “resorting to
cliffs here, apparently pairing.”

Samphire Island.—October 13th, great numbers: 17th, a
flock of thirty Cormorants going N.W.; calm, clear. November
10th, numbers fishing about bay all day; fresh breeze to
gale N.W.; “more or less seen every day, but in -unusual

444 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

numbers to-day.” December 20th, be large Green-crested
Cormorants.

Bull Fock.—January 11th, six Cormorants fishing round
rock all day. February 15th, three.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Hook Tower.—April 7th, Gannets numerous all day; first
this year; wind moderate E., haze: 30th, four.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 13th, several flocks going S.W.:
14th, several flocks going S.W.: 16th, several going E.
September 17th, large flocks and “large shoals of mackerel ”:
24th, large number. December 5th, several going N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 15th, 17th, 21st, 22nd, and
28th, a few. February, a few constantly noted. March 2nd,
10th, and 12th, a few. April, a few almost daily going chiefly
W. May 3rd, some: 6th and 7th, several flocks, apparently
feeding on fry: 8th,a few: 10th and 12th, a number: 25th
to 30th, a few almost daily. June, a few almost daily; noted
as being of a “ grey colour,” from 13th to 25th. November 17th
twenty: 18th, 19th, and 21st, some. December, constantly
noted; a large flock going W. on 25th. They are generally
entered as about ship, or going W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—“ Gannet passing and repassing
daily during April.”

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 20th, six. March 16th,
small flocks going S.W. during day: 18th, flock going $.W.:
22nd, small flocks going S.W. during forenoon; calm. April
8th, one going S.W. at 10 am.: 12th, two flocks going 8.W.:
18th, one going N.E. May 14th, several, apparently after
small fish: 16th, small flocks going S.W. during day; wind
light E. October 4th and 6th, one going S.W.: 13th, six
going S.

Arklow North Light-ship—September 25th, several flocks
going S.W. during day ; wind light E., clear. October 26th and
27th, flocks going S.W. all day.

‘Codling Bank Light-ship—March and April, several flocks
about station during these months. May, “number of Putftins,
Gulls, and Gannet about ship, and passing this month.”

Rockabill__May 16th, six going N. at noon; fresh breeze E.,

_—

1894] IRISH COAST 445

fog, rain. June, “ Gannets, Gulls, and Divers during latter part
of month.” October 10th, flock going N.E. at noon ; wind light
N.E., misty : 23rd, flock going N.E. at noon; wind light S.E.

Drogheda North.—June 10th, about fifty ener 17th, large
numbers of Gannet, Puffins, Guillemots, Razorbills, and
Shearwaters fishing. “These birds have not been observed in
such numbers about here for years.”

St John’s Point, Down.—April 1st to 8th, numbers seen
passing N.E. during day; wind easterly, misty.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 15th, several all day,
remaining. May 20th, about twenty. June 17th, several
diving for fish.

Rathlin O Birne-—March 21st, numbers all day. October
12th, a large number going N.; old and young; fishing.
November 6th, thirteen going S.

Eagle Island, Hast—Gannet every day in winter.

Samphire Island.—October 11th, great numbers fishing.

Bull Rock.—January 1st, three fishing round rock: 8th, 11th,
15th, 18th, 28th, February 2nd, 5th, and 10th, from three to
twelve noted: 22nd, eight going N.W.: 25th, thirty fishing
round rock all day. March 6th, some: 12th, large numbers on
rock. “Gannet build on this rock, and remain nearly the
whole year round.”

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—November 11th, one going N., flying
low ; wind moderate N.W.

Drogheda North—May 22nd, five fishing on river bank: 30th,
two. June 18th, two large Herons. August 5th, three going
N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.— February 1st, several all day.
March 10th and 12th, several all day, “remaining.”

Eagle Island, East—May 24th, one “Crane” went S.E.
June 4th, one “Crane” going S.E.

“ GEESE.”

Old Head, Kinsale.—January 30th, one Wild Goose going E.
Arklow North Light-ship—September 21st, four Barnacle
going N.E., flying very high.

446 MIGRATION OF BIRDS _ [1894

.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 13th, four Wild Geese on isle;
“have never seen Geese here before at this season ;” wind light
W., clear. December 22nd, large flock of Barnacle going N.W.;
storm from N.E., clear. 2

Maidens South—January 8th, eight Barnacle going W.;
strong breeze 8.E., gloomy.

Innishtrahull—May 28th, three Wild Geese going 8.W.;
gale N., rain. June 28th, two Wild Geese going S.W.; wind
light S.W., misty. August 4th, two Wild Geese; wind light
S.W., rain. October 7th, three going S.W.: 18th, ten going
S.; fresh breeze N.E., rain. November 5th, eight going S.W.;
gale 8.W., rain.

Tory Island.—October 19th, flock of Greylags going 8,; fresh
breeze E., clear.

Rathlin O’ Birne-—March 4th, four Barnacle on island; gale
N., hail. October 20th, two Barnacle going N.E. November
17th, nine White-fronted Geese going S., flying very high :
18th, four White-fronted Geese going E. December 27th, two
Wild Geese going N.

Killybegs—January 29th, thirteen Wild Geese going W..,
flying very high; hail. March 12th, nine very large Grey
Geese going N.; gale W., hail showers. April 14th, ten
Barnacle going W.; gale S.E., rain.

Lagle Island, Hast.—October 16th, forty Barnacle going N.E.:
19th, two Barnacle going N.E.

Clare Island.—October 16th, about a hundred Wild Geese
passed here to-day, flying N.; wind N.E., clear: 20th, about
thirty in two flocks passed at noon, flying 8; gale N.E.,
overcast, rain.

Samphire Island.—October 16th, about fifty Barnacle going
W.: 25th, nineteen going S.; strong gale N.W., showers: 26th,
about forty “Barnacle Geese” going N.: 27th, nine “ Barnacle
Geese” going S.: 28th, some hundreds going S.; fresh breeze
W. “These birds seem to be very numerous about here, in
fact are to be seen in more or less numbers nearly every day
from 16th October to 16th November.” November 18th,
some hundreds feeding on water close to island. December
11th, great numbers feeding in bay all day; wind light N.W.,

clear.

— 1894] IRISH COAST 447

“ SWANS.”

Drogheda North.—July 22nd, six Swans going S.W. at 6 P.M.;
wind light 8.W., clear; “flying very low and scattered.”

Rathlin O Birne.—December 11th, two White Swans going 8.
at 1 p.M.; “I think old birds;” wind light §., clear: 12th, five
White Swans going N. about noon; “ I think old birds;” strong
breeze S, rain.

ScaupP (Fuligula marila, Linn.).

Drogheda North—February 8th, three “Rock Wigeon ” feeding
on river at 2 P.M.; gale N.W., clear: 28th, four “ Rock Wigeon ”
feeding on river at 2 p.M.; gale S.W., cloudy; shot one, a male
bird, and sent wing. [Wing of Scaup received.] March 31st,
one “ Rock Wigeon” going S.. “ These birds are to be seen here

occasionally.

DUCKS.”

Old Head, Kinsale—September 9th, six Ducks going E.;
calm: 22nd, four going E.; gale E., overcast.

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 4th, flock of Wild Duck
going W., flying low; fresh breeze S.E., snow showers.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—December 26th, two flocks of Wild
Duck going W.; wind moderate N., gloomy.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship— April 15th, flock of Black Duck
going N.E.; fresh breeze 8.E., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 19th, a very large flock
of Wild Duck going S.E. at noon; fresh breeze S.W., overcast:
25th, one Wild Duck going S.W.

Drogheda North—January 20th, one Sheldrake going N.;
and five large Duck going S.; gale W. February 20th,
one male and two female Sheldrake going N.; wind light
S.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 28th, a Sheldrake caught
at noon, “drake was wounded;” wind moderate S.W., clear;
flock Wild Duck all day. March 10th, a Wigeon found dead
at4pm.; fresh breeze W. “A few Wild Duck breed on isle.”
May 13th, a few Wild Ducks all day, remaining. June 3rd
and 11th, two large Wild Ducks; “I think building here.”

448 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1894

_

November 25th, flocks Wild Duck, Seapies, and Curlew daily
round isle.

Tory Island—October 16th, thirteen Wild Duck going §.:
25th, three Teal on lake; gale S.E.

Rathlin O Birne—November 16th, two Teal, male and female,
going §.; wind S.E., clear.

Killybegs—February 8th, two White Duck going §.; rather
large, never seen here before; strong breeze W., clear, showers.

Samphire Island.—October 18th, one Duck going W.; calm,
showers: 27th and 28th, two or three Mallards and Ducks
going N. November 5th, about thirty Mallard and Duck going
S.; strong gale S.W., rain.

Birps NOT IDENTIFIED.

Hook Tower.—F¥ebruary 25th, “a bird, size and colour of hen
Blackbird, but having a white breast distinctly marked, was
seen on one or two occasions in vicinity of station —J. Hiecin-
BOTHAM.” [Possibly Ring Ouzel—R. M. B.]

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—April 18th, “one strange bird
heard, not seen, from 2 A.M. to 3 A.M., going W.; fresh breeze
N.E., clear. This bird made a strange noise similar to a person
laughing, giving a haw, haw, haw every minute.”

Drogheda North— August 8th, “a strange bird the size of a
Redbreast, and much the same colour on back and wings, but
all the under part of a deep red colour, seen close to station
at 4 p.m.” [Possibly Common Redstart.—R. M. B.]

South Rock Light-ship— April 22nd, “one Cuckoo’s nurse”
going N.W. at 11 am, [Titlark ?—R.-M. B.]

Clare Island.—May 22nd, “a bird resembling a Duck, with
white wings, neck shorter, flew round station and then away to
the 8.”

“ GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.”

Old Head, Kinsale-—“ Though a fixed light, very few birds
strike the lantern at night, and in the case of an odd one doing
so it is generally during the prevalence of E. and S.E. winds,
when they fall to leeward and drop into the sea. All through
the summer months there was no marked movement noticed,
only a few Wheatears, Swallows, and an odd Whinchat about

|

1894] IRISH COAST 449

the hill.” November, “owing to mildness of season birds
very scarce, only an odd flock of Starlings to be noted.”

Drogheda North—June 12th, “several Bats flying about
station at 9 P.M’; wind moderate N., gloomy ; first seen for a
long time.”

St John’s Point, Down. This light being red, revolving,
and dark landward, very few birds are found to strike. For
the five years I have been here, I have not noticed anything in
the movements of birds worth recording.”

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+

452 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

-
ss -
Oo «a
2 ae Remarks EI 2
List oF Licgut STATIONS. 3, ERE on a 8 Names of Observers.
229 Schedules. 2 5 &
5 os 2
o oO =
34 sae
A. B. Wall, J. Godkin,
ey :
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 4 3 excellent. x x 10 } and Wantes Gaunt:
James Beahan, Thomas
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship,do., ... 4 0 excellent. x x i} Luccan, and Henry
Thompson,
7. Tuskar Rock, dosjpees let esood: x x 7 H. Kennedy.

7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do., 4 11 excellent. x x Patrick” Gules aug
hee Dunn.
5 Mees Broad and N.

8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 3 4 very good, x x F
Burdge.

8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 2 0 good. xox Beahan, and
Thomas Stapleton.

W. Clydesdale, Henry
Thompson, and J.
Godkin.

8a.Codling Bank Lt,-ship, do.,

w

ie Pinston, J.
3 very good. x x i}

120. South Rock Lt.-ship, Down, ... 1 0 fair.

x x 3 John Kearon.
13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ... 2 0 good. x x 3 R., Armstrong.
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 3 11 very good. x x 6 Geo, Gillespie.
19. Tory Island, GOs) © Setantes 1 2 poor. x x 9 Edward Rohu.
29. Clare Island, Mayo,.............. 1 0 poor. x o 4 Kenneth Kerr.
36. Samphire Island, Kerry,......... 8 13 excellent. x x 4 George Dunleavy.

Fastnet sent a Spotted Crake; Old Head, Kinsale, a Fork-tailed Petrel ; Mine
Head, a Barn-Owl; Hook Tower, a Merlin and a Sparrow; Rockabill, the Leg and
Wing of a Swift; St John’s Point, Down, a Skylark and a Sheldrake; Rathlin
Island, a Ring-Ouzel; Aranmore, a Cuckoo; Rathlin O’Birne, two Hedge Sparrows ;
Blacksod Point, a- Water-Rail, Glaucous Gull, and Gannet; Blacksod Bay, two

Sclavonian Grebes; Slyne Head, S., the Leg and Wing of a Turnstone; Skelligs,
a Swallow and four Guillemots.

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 81.

o=No reply. x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.

Spring, replies received from 13 stations. Autumn, replies received from 12 stations.

1895]

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

453

Name of Station.

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Samphire Island .
Pcinantop Bast Lit.-sh.
Samphire Island.

a9

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date.
Merlin, Ree’d. in flesh, Caught on cliff, 24/10 mo.,
Barn-Owl, *¥ Caughtonacrag,14/11 mo., Mine Head.
Spotted Flycatcher, of Got on rock, 19/ 4 mo.,

m + Wing, Killed st... 30/ 7 mo.,
Missel-Thrush, Leg and wing, Found dead, 12/ 2 mo.,
Thrush, nf -P 9/ 2 mo.,

re f Killed st., 15/10 mo.,
Fieldfare, “8 Found dead, 21/ 3 mo.,
Blackbird, two, Legsand wings, re 12/ 2 mo.,

Pe ; Leg and wing, Killed st., pita mo.,

Ring-Ouzel,

- two, .

aed 9

”

Hedge Sparrow,

”

Black Redstart,
Wheatear,
“ two,
Sedge Warbler,

> 99

Grasshopper
Warbler, .
Whitethroat,

”

”

Blackcap,
Willow Wren,

ag two,
Chiffchaff,
Long-tailed Tit,
Yellow Wagtail,
Meadow Pipit,
Skylark,

|
(

Skin (with “about
letter dated Caught at 12 mo.
Jan. 1896), lantern, ago,”

> ee Caught on } { Ree’d.,
ibis flesh, | lantern, 25/ 4 mo

Leg and wing, Caught, Sent 13/ 5 mo.,

Ree’d. inflesh, Shot, 18/10 mo.,

- a 21/10 mo.,
fe Died on oat: 23/10 mo.,

Leg and wing, Founddead, 27/ 3 mo.,

= " 23/ 8 mo.,

Legsand wings, 2 ?/ 3mo.,

“4 Killed st., 30/ 7 mo.,

wn if ro Oo Get Ors

: a Found dead, 12/ 5 mo.,
} Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., , 20/ 4 mo.,
M8 f 19/ 9 mo.,

. $ 20/ 4 mo.,

- 2 16/ 5 mo.,

Leg and wing, Killed st., 25/ 4 mo.,

<p Pr 15/10 mo.,

Ree’d, in flesh, * 20/ 4 mo.,

Leg and wing, a 30/ 7 mo.,

2 7 . 29/ 7 mo.,
Legsandwings, Diedon board, 1/ 5 mo.,
Rec'd. in flesh, ? Ree’d, 26/ 4 mo.,
rf Shot, 24/10 mo.,
re Killed st., 19/ 9 mo.,

Leg and wing, 2 Piet mo, ,

. Killed st., 21/ 2 mo.,
re 15/10 mo.,

Bend: on aah. 19/10 mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

Rathlin Island.

by Innishirahuill.

Rathlin O Birne.
Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahuil.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.

9

Tuskar.

Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

a9

Tuskar.

9

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Innishtrahull.

Tuskar.

Innishtrahuil.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

>

aking S. Lt.-ship.

454

Leas, WINGS, ETc., RECEIVED—continued.

Species.

Skylark,

” ;
Snow Bunting,
Corn Bunting,
Brambling, .
Sparrow,
Greenfinch, .
Starling,
Swallow,
Swift,

Cuckoo,
Spotted Crake,
Water-Rail,

Le) 29

Golden Plover,
Green Plover,
Turnstone, .
Dunlin,

Common Gull,
Glaucous Gull,
Fork-tailed Petrel,
Storm Petrel,
Guillemot, four, .
Little Auk, .

Gannet,
Brent Goose,
Sheldrake,
Teal,

Scaup,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

How Received.

Ree’d. in flesh,
Wing,
Leg and wing,

9

Rec'd. in flesh,
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,

Rec’d. in flesh,

How Procured. Date.

Killed st.,
2 i= 2) /22-mor
2 , / mee
Killed st., 25/ 4 mo.,
2 . %/4mo.,
? About 22/12 mo.,
Caught, 20/12 mo.,
- Py eee eay

Dead on deck, 17/ 4 mo.,

Caught on deck, 17/ 4 mo.,

Leg and wing, Killedatlantern,30/ 7 mo.,

Ree’d. in flesh,

Leg and wing, Found ondeck, 24/ 9 mo.,

Ree’d. in flesh, }

Leg and wing,

39

Rec'd. in flesh,

”
Wing, .
Ree’d. in flesh,

Died onboard, 1/ 5 mo.,
2 . 10/ 4mo.,
Shot, . 8/ 8 mo.,
2 . 20/ 8 mo.,
Killed st.
telephone 9/ 1 mo.,
wire,
Shot, . 7/ 2 mo.,
Killed st., 25/ 4 mo.,
Shot, . 4/ 2 mo.,
Killed st., 18/ 8 mo.,
Shot, . 11/ 3 mo.,
Found dead, 12/ 2 mo.,

- Probably shot, 23/ 2 mo.,

Head andwing, Found onisland, ?/ 5 mo.,
SclavonianGrebes,two, In flesh, .

Rec’d. in flesh,

be}

”
Leg and wing,
Ree’d. in flesh,

Struck light, 20/11 mo.,
2 =) o2/ Mimo-e

g . 10/ 4mo.,
Shot, . 14/ 4 mo.,
Probably shot, 11/ 5 mo.,
Shot, . 19/11 mo.,
a . 28/ 6mo.,

Found dead,
“i . 12/ 2mo.,

10/ 2 mo., St John’s Point, Down.

12/ 2 mo., Samphire Island.

“Name of Station.

Innishtrahull,

3°
Tory Island.
Innishtrahuli.
Hook Tower.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Samphire Island.
Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Skelligs.
Rockabiil.
Aranmore,
Fastnet.
Arklow S. Lt. -ship.

Blacksod Point.

Samphire Island.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
Samphire Island.
Slyne Head, 8.

Samphire Island.

29 +
Blacksod Point.
Old Head, Kinsale.
Innishtrahull.
Skelligs.

Tory Island.
Blacksod Point.

3 ”
Samphire Island:
St John’s Point, Down.

9? ”

1895]

mm, Littl, . ~.
Birds not identified,
Blackbird, .
Blackeap, .
Brambling,
Brent Goose,
‘¢ Bullfinch,”’
Bunting, Corn, .

Se DOW

» Yellow,

Chaffinch, .
Chiffchaff, .
Chough,
Cormorant, :
Crake, Spotted, .
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,

Curlew,

‘* Dotterels,”

Diver, Great Nor thern,
Ducks,”

Dunlin,

Wieldfare, .
Flycatcher, Spotted,

Gannet,
‘* Geese,” :
General Observations,
Golden-crested Wren,
Goldfinch, . :
Grasshopper Warbler,
Grebe, Sclavonian,
Greenfinch,
Guillemot, .
Gull, Common,

,, Glaucous, .
“Gulls,”

*¢ Hawks,”
Heron,
House Martin,

Jackdaw, .
Knot,
‘* Linnets,”

Magpie,

Manx Shicatvaier,
Merlin, c
Missel-Thrush, ;

Owl, Barn,

IRISH COAST .

INDEX.

PAGE

491 |.‘Owls” .. .

49g | Oyster-Catcher, .

460 Petrel, Fork-tailed,

464 3). NCOTM,

472 | ‘‘ Pigeons,”

494 | Plover, Golden, .

474 », Green,

471 ,, Ringed, .

471 | Puffin, :

471
Raven,

471 Razorbill,

465 | Redstart, Black,

477 ae Common,

492 | Redwing,

481 | Ring-Ouzel,

477 | Robin,

480 | Rock-Pipit,

485 | Rook, é

481 | ‘*Sand Larks,” .

491 | Scaup, . :

495 | Sedge Warbler, .

485 | Sheldrake, Common, .

459 | Skylark,

456 | Snipe,

499 Sparrow- Hawk,

494 Sparrow, Hedge,

496 » House,

465 Starling,

473 Stonechaf, .

464 Swallow, (

499 Swans,

479 Swift,

490 | Teal, Common,

487 | “Terns,”

487 | Thrush,

487 | Titlark,
Titmouse, Long- tailed,

ae Turnstone,

493

. 480 | Wagtail, Yellow,
‘* Wagtails,”
ee Water-Hen,

485 | Water-Rail,

473 Wheatear, :
Whimbrel,

478 | Whinchat, .

489 Whitethroat,

456 | Willow Wren,

457 Woodcock,

456 | Wren,

+ ABB

456 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
:

MERLIN (alco esalon, Tunstall).

Hook Tower.—October 24th, a Hawk sent. [Merlin received
in flesh. ]

SPARROW-HaAWK (Accwpiter nisus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 29th, one rested on main-
mast at 1 P.M.; flew S.E.; wind light E.: 30th, one on ship at
11.30 a.M.; flew N.E.; wind light E.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 25th, one going W. at
2.30 p.m.; fresh breeze N.E., clear. November 21st, one, and
some Larks, going W. during forenoon; wind moderate S.E.,
clear.

Innishtrahull—August 17th, one on island at 1 P.M.; wind
light N.

“ HAWKS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—September 6th, one Hawk about light
at 10 p.m.; flew N.W. at 10.15 p.M.; wind light S.E., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship—November 4th, one Hawk and one
Chaftfinch on ship; wind variable.

Samphire Island.—September 16th, one Osprey or Fish- Hawk
going E. at 9.15 a.M.; wind light 8.E., gloomy.

Skelligs— April 10th, I think otk. species are here—namely,
Peregrine and Kestrel. There are nearly always two pairs
here.

BARN-OWL (Strix flammea, Linn.).
Mine Head.—November 14th, Barn-Owl caught in a crag.

| Received in flesh. ]
“ OWLS.”

Codling Bank Light-ship.—December 2nd, one Cat-Owl in
ship at night.

Copeland (Mew) Island—November 4th, an Owl on island ;
wind light S.E., snow.

SpoTTeD FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.),

‘Tuskar.—April 19th, unknown bird got on rock—{Spotted
Flycatcher received in flesh]. July 29th and 30th, great rush of
Willow Warblers, “Grasshopper Warblers,” and young Starlings
all night; wind N.W.; some killed. [Wing of Spotted Fly-
catcher received. |

a
1895] IRISH COAST 457

MisseL-THRuSH (Turdus viseworus, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.—August 3rd, eight “ Fieldfares” on island at
2 P.M.; wind light,E. [Probably Missel-Thrushes.—R. M. B.]

Samphire Island.—February 12th, Thrush found dead. [Leg
and wing of Missel-Thrush received. ]

TurusH (7urdus musicus, Linn.).

Eloningbe g Light-ship.—January 29th, several large flocks going
N.W. about noon; wind light N.E. February 1st, several about
light from 8 p.m. to midnight; one killed striking; wind fresh
N.E., snow.

Burbs Rock Light-ship.—January 28th, flocks of Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks: 29th, several flocks, with Skylarks, flying
towards land during day: 30th, a few, with Larks, flying towards
land during day; two eaten by Gulls; fresh breeze S.E., clear:
31st, a few Thrushes, Larks, and Blackbirds flying to land.
October 30th, large flock going N. at 9.30 A.M.; wind moderate
N.W. December 9th, a flock going N.; fresh breeze W.: 13th,
two rested on board and flew N.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 29th, Thrushes and
Blackbirds about light from 1 A.M. to 3.30 A.M.; wind moderate
S.W., rain: 30th and 31st, flock of Thrushes going N.W.; wind
fresh E. February 21st and 22nd, flocks of Thrushes and Larks
about light; wind light N.: 28th, flock about light; wind W.
March 26th, several Thrushes and Larks about light from 10
P.M. to midnight; one Thrush killed; wind light S.W., clear.
September 24th, one rested at 8 A.M. October 13th, five about
light from 10 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate S.W.: 14th and
15th, great rush of Larks, Thrushes, Starlings, and Warblers
about light; many killed striking (see full note under Skylark)
—[Leg and wing of Thrush received]: 20th, several Thrushes
and Larks about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind light S.E.,
gloomy; two Thrushes killed. November 6th, flock of Thrushes
about light from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.; gale S.W., clear: 15th, two
about light : 17th, flock going N. at 3 p.M.; wind moderate N.W.,
clear. December 18th and 20th, flocks, with Lapwing and Larks,

about light each night from 8 P.M. to midnight ; wind esc 2!
S.E. and light N.W. to N.E., gloomy.
Arklow South Light-ship. oJ anuary 24th, a flock going N. at
26

-
F

4

458 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895 —

:
11.30 am.; gale N.W., clear: 27th and 28th, a few, with Black-
birds and Starlings, going N.W. during day; gale N. .

Arklow North Light-ship—October 15th, 17th, 18th, and ©
19th, some, with Larks, noted each day; two killed striking on |
15th, one on 18th, and two on 19th. -

St John’s Point, Down.—February 10th, the weather here has
been exceptionally severe, and the place around station is full |
of birds—Larks, Thrushes, a few Blackbirds, Linnets, Chaffinches, —
and Snow Buntings.

South Rock Light-ship—April 18th, Thrushes about light ;
wind light 8.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 6th, large numbers on
island: 12th, large numbers of small land-birds have died on
the island during the week—Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, Grey
Linnets, Titlarks, Robin Redbreasts, and Wrens; a heavy fall
of snow and severe frost since the 6th, wind variable from S.E.
to 8.W., and generally blowing hard. July, Thrushes here daily; —
breed on island. August, same birds here as in July.

Innishtrahull——‘ In the first week in February a large
quantity of birds died on island owing to frost; got three
Snipe, two Woodcock, eight Thrushes, and five or six Skylarks ©
all dead.” June 30th, four Thrushes on island; wind S.E. —
October 26th, a good many killed at lantern glass lately. 4

Clare Island.—February 7th, Skylark, Starling, and Thrushes;
fresh breeze E., hazy; one killed. “These came to island during
the hard frost and snow this month, and mostly all died from
hunger and cold.”

Samphire Island.—February 3rd, numbers of Golden and
Lapwing Plover, Redwings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, and Skylarks
going §8.W. all day, flying past at intervals; strong breeze
E., clear and frosty; also great numbers of Gulls of all sorts
hovering about: 7th, vast numbers of Starlings, Skylarks,
Thrushes, and Redwings going 8. all day; strong breeze S.E.
to S.W., heavy snow; “the island was literally covered with
them resting on it, and at times they would darken the sky;

‘T don’t think I ever saw so many”: 8th, Starlings, Thrushes,
Redwings, and Fieldfares going S. all day ; strong gale to storm
S.E., clear and squally; “one continuous flight; they were
all very exhausted, and numbers of Starlings fell on island; I
never saw such a constant rush of birds; all on the island

1895] IRISH COAST 459

are quite exhausted ; numbers of Rooks and Gulls killing and
feeding on them—GrorcEe DuUNLEAVY”: 9th, “ Redwing” found
dead—[Leg and wing of Thrush received]: 12th, Thrushes and
other birds dead in numbers on island—[Leg and wing of
Missel-Thrush received; sent as “Thrush”]; wind light S.E,,
clear, frosty.
REDWING (Z'urdus diaeus, Linn.).

Tory Island.— November 20th, some Fieldfares and Redwings
about light; gale 8.E., rain; one Fieldfare and two Redwings
killed: 22nd, numbers of both about light from 11 p.m. to mid-
night, none struck; fresh breeze N., misty: 23rd, numbers of
both, with Starlings, about light from midnight to 4 a.M.; one
Blackbird disabled ; wind N., misty.

Samphire Island.—February 3rd, numbers of Golden and
Lapwing Plover, Redwings, and other birds; severe frost (see
under Thrush): 4th, large flocks Lapwing, Redwing, and Field-
fares going S. at intervals all day; storm S.E., clear and frosty :
5th, Lapwings and Redwings at intervals all day going §8.;
strong gale E.S.E.: 6th, Redwings at intervals all day going §.;
wind variable, snow showers: 7th, vast numbers Starlings, Sky-
larks, Thrushes, and Redwings going 8. all day; heavy snow
(see under Thrush): 8th, Starlings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, and
Redwings going 8.; storm §.; “I never saw such a constant
tush of birds; numbers of Rooks and Gulls killing and feeding
on them” (see under Thrush): 9th, great number Starlings,
Redwings—[Leg and wing of Thrush received; sent as “ Red-
wing ”|—and Fieldfares on island all day; hurricane S.E., clear
and squally: 11th, numbers of Starlings and Redwings (dead)
on island at 10 AM; strong breeze E.S.E., hard frost: 12th,
Redwings and other birds in numbers dead on island; wind
light S.S.E., clear and frosty.

FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris, Linn.).
LInnishtrahull.—October 30th, eight on island ; strong breeze S.E.
Tory Island—November 20th, some, with Redwings, about

light; gale S8.E.; one Fieldfare and two Redwings killed: 22nd,
numbers of both about light from 11 P.M. to midnight, none

struck; fresh breeze N., misty: 23rd, numbers, with Starlings,
about light from midnight to 4 A.M.; one Blackbird disabled ;
wind N., misty.

:

460 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
:
Samphire Island—January 26th, large flocks Curlew and
Fieldfares on Fenit Point at 1 P.M.; “observed with telescope
in fields on shore”; wind moderate N.W., snow showers.
February 3rd, numbers of Golden and Lapwing Plover, Red-
wings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, and Skylarks going S.W. all day ;
frosty (see under Thrush): 4th, large flocks Lapwings, Redwings, |
and Fieldfares going S. at intervals all day; storm S.E., clear
and frosty: 8th, Starlings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, and Redwings —
going S. all day; storm 8.E.; “one continuous flight” (see
interesting note under Thrush): 9th, great numbers Starlings, |
Redwings, and Fieldfares on island all day; hurricane §.E., clear :
and squally: 13th, “I think it strange that, among all the dead
birds I have come across, I have not met with a dead Fieldfare. :
My experience of them always was that they would be the first —
to succumb to the frost and snow.” March 21st, one Fieldfare
found dead on island at noon; wind light W., clear. [Leg and
wing received. |

BLACKBIRD (Z'urdus merula, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 15th, one killed striking;
wind moderate S.W., gloomy: 29th, one passing ship at 10 A.M. ;
chased and killed by Seagulls; wind fresh N., clear. November
10th, one killed at midnight; gale W., clear.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— January 28th, some, with Thrushes
and Skylarks, going towards land during day; wind variable,
clear; a few Larks and Thrushes lighted on board for a time,
some of which were eaten by Gulls when passing ship: 31st,
some, with Thrushes and Larks, flying towards land; wind
fresh and variable, clear. October 29th, one hen Blackbird
rested on ship and flew W.; strong breeze N.

Tuskar.— March 21st, Titlark, Wheatear, and Blackbirds
round light; none killed; wind moderate W. April 12th,
Blackbirds all night, several killed; wind N., hazy: 19th,
Swallows, Wrens, Starlings, and Blackbirds all night; some

killed; wind 8.W., fog.

' Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 29th, Thrushes and
Blackbirds about light; wind moderate S.W., rain. October
14th and 15th, great rush of birds, including some Blackbirds
(see full note under Lark): [16th, Leg and wing of Blackbird
received, killed striking].

i

1895] IRISH COAST 461

Arklow South Light-ship—January 27th and 28th, a few
going N.W.; gale N. October 15th, a few Blackbirds, Larks,
and Starlings going S.W. from 8 A.M. to noon; wind moderate

‘S.W., light rain; two Blackbirds found dead on deck.

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 13th, one about ship at
1PpM.; flew S.W.: 26th, two about ship at noon; flew N.W.

St John’s Point, Down.—February 10th, the weather here has

been exceptionally severe, and the place around station is full
of Larks, Thrushes, a few Blackbirds, and other birds.

South Rock Light-ship.—January 8th, one at 10 p.m. killed
striking ; wind light S.E., clear. February 20th, several Larks
and Blackbirds going N.W. at 11 a.M.; wind light N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 6th, large numbers of
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Linnets, and a few Robin Redbreasts,
on island: 12th, large numbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks,
Grey Linnets, Titlarks, Robin Redbreasts, and Wrens have died
on island during the week; a heavy fall of snow and severe
frost since the 6th; wind variable from S.E. to S.W., generally
blowing hard. “During February there were large flocks of
Wigeon, Teal, Curlew, Seapies, and a few Herons round island,
also a good many Snipe. The birds named frequent the island
every winter.’ July, Blackbirds daily; breed on island.
August, same birds here as in July. November 3rd, flocks of
Wild Duck daily ; also Snipe and Blackbirds.

Innishtrahull_—July 12th, two on island; wind moderate W.
October 26th, “a good many Blackbirds killed at lantern glass
lately.”

Tory Island.—November 23rd, one disabled striking; wind
moderate N.

Aranmore—August 9th, “during the last two years only
one bird, a male Blackbird, was observed at lantern.”

Samphire Island—February 11th, observed a few female
Blackbirds on island; gale E., hard frost: 12th, Blackbirds and
other birds in numbers dead on island; wind light 8.E., frosty ;
legs and wings of male and female Blackbirds sent. [Received.]

Rinc-OvzeL (T'urdus torquatus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 19th, great rush of Warblers, Whinchats,
Wagtails, and Ring-Ouzels striking, but nearly all blown into
the sea (see full note under Whinchat).

462 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
;

fathlin.—[With letter dated January 1896: Ring-Ouzel,
stuffed by light-keeper, received; “caught at lantern about
twelve months ago.” ]

Innishtrahull.—April 16th, three disabled striking: 22nd, “I
forward two birds caught at lantern a few nights ago. I take
them to be Ringed Ouzels; none like them were ever seen on
this island before. Another is on island, much whiter on the
breast than those I send; it has a large half-moon of white on
the breast. The three came together, but no more”—[Two Ring-
Ouzels received in flesh]. May 13th, “I send you the third
Ouzel; we had it caged for some time.” [Received in flesh.]

HEDGE SpaRRow (Accentor modularis, Linn.).
fathlin O' Birne. —- October 18th, “I am sending a small
bird shot here, as I do not know what it is.” [Hedge Sparrow

received in flesh.] [Another received in flesh, shot on
October 21st. ]

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn,).

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 6th, a few on island:

12th, large numbers of small land-birds, including Robins, have

died on the island during the week; heavy snow rete under
Blackbird).

Samphire Island.—January 29th, one Redbreast all day.

February 11th, two in coal-house; gale E., clear, hard frost.

REDSTART (Luticilla phenecurus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—April 18th, Redstart at 10 p.m, killed striking;
wind 8.W., gloomy.

Buack Repstart (Ruticilla tatys, Scopoli).

Tuskav.—October 23rd, Blackstart died on rock; observed
first on 15th, and remained till exhausted; came into house and
died. [Black Redstart received in flesh. ]

STONECHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—February 6th, one “ Blackcap”
round lantern at midnight, killed striking; wind moderate S.E.
[Probably Stonechat.—R. M. B.]

1895] IRISH COAST 463

Wurncuat (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 19th, “very large flocks of Warblers,
Whinchats, Grey-headed Wagtails, and Ring-Ouzels, etc., were
striking, but it was misty, and blowing fresh from N.E., and
nearly all were blown into the sea. I notice, since I came here,
that whenever we have a sudden change of wind, as we had
last night to N.E., there are very large flocks of birds.”

Codling Bank Light-ship—April 18th, “one Whinchat”
noted.
WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).

Tuskar.—March 18th, one on rock at 10 a.M.: wind light E.,
clear: 21st, Titlark, Wheatear, and Blackbirds at midnight ;
wind moderate W. October 6th, Wheatears and Swallows going
S.E. at 10 a.M.; wind W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—March 27th, one found dead ;
wind light S.E. [Leg and wing received]. April 17th, one on
ship at 10 a.M.; wind light N.E., hazy. July 30th, one on
ship; wind light N.E.

Arklow South Light-ship—t[August 23rd, Leg and wing of
Wheatear, found dead, received. ]

Innishtrahull._—March 23rd, one disabled; “ first arrival” ;
gale S.W., fogzy—[Legs and wings of two, male and female,
dated “ March,” received]. October 26th, “a good many Wheat- .
ears killed at lantern glass lately.”

Tory Island.—April 4th, two about station.
~ Samphire Island—March 27th, “strange to say, I have not
seen any Wheatears yet; they generally appear at other
stations about the 17th of March.” October 16th, “I have
never seen a Wheatear since I came here; it is the first place
I ever have been on the coast that I have not met with them.”

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—April 20th, “Sedge Warblers, Reed Warblers, and
Willow Warblers at midnight; some of each killed striking” ©
(see under Grasshopper Warbler). July 29th and 30th, great
rush of Warblers and other birds; some Willow Warblers and
“Grasshopper Warblers” killed striking—[Leg and wing of
Sedge Warbler received, with leg and wing of Willow Wren,

464 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

;
and wing of Spotted Flycatcher]; wind N.W., cloudy, slight
haze.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—July 29th, four Sedge Warblers
about light from 10 P.M. to midnight; one killed striking; wind
light N.W., clear. [Leg and wing received.]

Arklow South Light-ship—May 12th, one “Grey Wren”
found dead ; wind moderate S8., fog. [Leg and wing of Sedge
Warbler received. |

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (Locustella nevia, Bodd.).

Tuskar.—April 20th, Sedge Warblers, Reed Warblers, and
Willow Warblers at midnight; some of each killed striking;
wind light N.E., fog. [Grasshopper Warbler, Whitethroat, and
Willow Wren received in flesh. |

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Coningbeg Lnght-ship.—September 19th, several small birds
about light at midnight; several killed striking; wind light
N.E., rain. [Whitethroat received in flesh. ]

Tuskar.—Apyril 18th, Whitethroat killed striking at 10 P.M.:
20th, Sedge Warblers, Reed Warblers, and Willow Warblers at
midnight; killed striking; wind light N.E., fog. [Whitethroat,
Grasshopper Warbler, and Willow Wren received in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship— April 25th, “ Plovers, Wrens,
and Swallows about light”; four killed striking; wind light
N.W., rain—[Legs and wings of Whitethroat and Golden Plover
received]: 30th, and May 3rd, “Wrens” about light at 10 P.M. ;
wind 8.W. and N.E. [Possibly Whitethroats——R. M. B.]

BLACKCAP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—October 14th, great rush of
Larks, Thrushes, Starlings, and “ Warblers” about light from
8 pM. to 6 AM. on 15th; many killed striking; wind light
S.W., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Blackcap received. ]

WILLow Wren (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—April 20th, Sedge Warblers, Reed Warblers, and
Willow Warblers at midnight; some killed striking; wind
light N.E., fog—[ Willow Wren, Whitethroat, and Grasshopper

—

1895] IRISH COAST 465

- Warbler received in flesh]. July 29th, Willow Warblers,

“ Grasshopper Warblers,” and young Starlings all night; some
killed striking; wind N.W., cloudy. “There was a great rush
of Warblers on*the nights of July 29th and 30th; also young
Starlings and Martins; also what appeared to be a Water-Hen,
but I could not catch her, though on the rock for a whole day.
These nights were slightly hazy, but I thought it strange, as
there was not a—{land ?—R. M. B.|—bird of any description
seen on the rock since May 27th—H. Kennepy.” . [Legs and
wings of Willow Wren and Sedge Warbler, and wing of Spotted
Flycatcher received. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—July 29th, two “ Gold-Crests ”
about light from 10 P.M. to midnight ; one killed striking; wind
light N.W., clear. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren, labelled
“ Gold-Crest,” received. ]

Codling Bank Lnght-ship.—April 13th, one Willow Warbler
found dead: 16th, one about ship; wind light E.: 17th, one, and
18th, two, with Swallows, on ship, and going N.W.; wind light
and variable to calm, fog. May 1st, three on ship at 8 aM;
died; calm and clear. [Legs and wings of two received.]

South Rock Light-ship.— April 13th, two “ Sallypickers ”
about ship at 10 a.m.; wind light E., clear.

Inmshirahull.— April 20th, four “ Willow Warblers” on
island at 4 p.m.; “first arrival”; wind moderate N.E. May
26th, three at lantern at 11 p.M.; one killed; wind light N.E.
August 28th, four killed striking at 11 PM.; wind moderate
N.E.

CuHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—{ April 26th, Chiffchaff received in flesh.]

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 18th,a Golden-crested Wren
caught against lantern; wind light §., clear.

Innishtrahull.— September 8th, one disabled striking at
1.30 aM.; wind light S.W.

WrEN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Coningbeg Lnght-ship—April 18th, one “ Wren” on deck at
10 a.m.; fog.

466 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

;

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 18th, one “ Wren” lighted on
board.

Tuskar.—April 19th, “ Wrens” and other birds at night.
[Wrens here, and at the two previous stations, may have been
Whitethroats or Willow Wrens.—R. M. B.]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 25th and 30th, and May
3rd, “ Wrens” about light (see under Whitethroat).

Copeland (Mew) Island—February 12th, large numbers of
small land-birds, including some Wrens, have died during the
week; heavy snow and severe frost since the 6th, generally
blowing hard (see under Thrush). November 8th, a Wren on
island to-day.

Innishtrahull—February 10th, one Wren on island at noon ;
gale $.H., misty.

LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE (Acreduia caudata, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.—October 10th, eight Long-tailed Tits on island
all day; wind light N.: two shot on 24th—[Received in flesh].
‘“ Neither I nor any one here have ever seen any of these birds
before. I take them to be Long-tailed Tits.” ‘

YELLOW WaaeralL (Motacilla Ravi, Bonaparte).

Tuskar.—September 19th, Whinchats, Warblers, Grey-head
Wagtail, and Ringed Ouzel all night; killed striking; wind
N.E., mist (see full note under Whinchat). [Yellow Wagtail
received in flesh. }

“ WAGTAILS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 22nd, one Water Wagtail about
ship at 2 p.M.; flew N.E. September 27th, two about ship;
wind light E.: 29th, a flock of Water Wagtails going N.E. at
11 aA.M.; wind light E.; two about ship at 2.30 p.m.; flew N.E.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—September 30th, Wagtail going W.
at 8 A.M.

Innishtrahull—May 8th, four Pied Wagtails going 8. at noon;
first arrival; wind light N.E,, rain.

Samphire Island.— March 7th, one Wagtail on island; strong
gale S.W.; “first seen for a long time”: 20th, two; fresh breeze
W. April 10th, one; strong breeze W.: 16th, one; strong
breeze S.E. September 19th, one on island.

1895] IRISH COAST 467

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 30th, one about ship; wind
light N. Apri 3rd, two on deck; wind light N. September
5th, two about ship: 7th, one about ship, then flew N.E.

Tuskar.—March 21st, one at midnight.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 18th, one going N.W.:
22nd, one about ship: 30th, one on ship: 31st, several on ship;
wind moderate N.W. ;

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 12th, large numbers of.
small land-birds have died on the island, including some
Titlarks; heavy snow and frost since the 6th (see under
Thrush). July, Titlarks daily; breed on island. August,
same birds here as in July.

Innishtrahull—t{[Leg and wing of Titlark received, dated
January. |

Rock-Prrit (Anthus obseurus, Lath.).

Samphire Island.—March 15th, about a dozen on island
all day; wind strong §.W.; “always on island, but not so
numerous.” June 24th, several young on island, just beginning
to fly, attended by the old birds.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 29th, six about ship. Feb-
ruary 21st, one found dead: 23rd, one do. March 3rd, flock of
Larks and Starlings round lantern from 1 A.M. to 6 A.M.; several
struck and fell overboard; wind light 8., snow. April Ist, one
on deck, flew N.E.: 7th, one do. September 18th, Skylarks
and Starling about light at midnight; wind light N.W., gloomy:
19th, flock going N.E.; wind light N.E. October 18th, one on
ship; wind S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— January 27th, some flying to
land; wind moderate N.W.: 28th, flocks flying towards land; a
few lit on board, some eaten by Gulls when passing ship;
wind fresh, variable: 29th, several flocks flying towards land
during day: 30th and 31st, a few flying towards land.
November 17th, flock going N.W.; wind moderate W.
December Ist, one flock remained an hour, and flew N.: 10th,
four going N.E.

468 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
_

Tuskar.—February 21st, Larks all night; some killed striking;
fresh breeze N.E., misty.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 13th, flock of Larks
going N.W.: 28th, four going N.W. February 18th, one about
ship: 21st, flock about light from 2 A.M. to 4 A.m.; three killed
striking ; wind moderate N.: 21st and 22nd, several flocks about
light from 9 P.M. to 3.30 A.M.; wind light N. [Leg and wing
of Skylark received]: 22nd and 23rd, several flocks of Larks
about light from 11 PM. to 5 A.M; two killed striking; wind
light N.W.; flock going 8.E. at 5.30 a.m. March 3rd, flock about
light from 3 aM. to 4 a.M.; wind light 8.W., snow; and flock
Larks and Lapwing going N.W. at noon; strong breeze N.E.:
26th, several at light ; wind light S.W., clear. April 17th, one on
ship. October 14th, great numbers of Larks, Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Starlings, and Warblers about light from 8 P.M. to 6 A.M. on the
15th; many killed striking; wind light 8.W., gloomy—([Legs
and wings of Lark, Thrush, Blackbird, and Blackeap received] :
15th, flock going N.W.; wind 8.: 20th, some about light; wind
light S.E.: 21st and 27th, November 8th, 14th, and.17th, flocks
going N.W. each day. December 18th and 20th, flocks, with
other birds, about light; wind variable, overcast: 27th, flock
going N.W.; wind 8.E.: 28th, flock going N.W.; gale S.E.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 18th, a few about light
from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind light S8.H.: 23rd, small flock
going N.W.; wind light N.E.: 24th, odd Larks going N.W.;
wind N.W. October 15th, some going 8.W. from 8 aM. to
noon; wind 8.W., light rain: 16th, two large flocks going
S.W.; wind moderate N.E.: 17th, three going S.W.: 18th,
odd Skylarks passing 8.W. during day, two rested on ship;
wind moderate S.E.: [19th, Leg and wing of Skylark received,
found dead on deck]: 21st, numerous flocks, with Starlings,
going N.W.; “almost a constant rush” during day; wind light,
variable, gloomy: 29th, two going N.W. November 2nd and
3rd, Starlings and Larks going W. during day, some rested on
2nd; wind moderate S.E.: 8th, “a constant rush” of Larks going
N.W. during day; wind light N.W., clear: 14th, several flocks
going N.W.; wind fresh 8.W.: 24th, a flock going W.

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 22nd, two about decks;
caught. February 3rd and 4th, flocks going W.; wind S8.E.
October 14th, several going N.W.; wind fresh S.W., rain: 15th,

1895] . IRISH COAST 469

several], with Thrushes and Starlings, during past night; wind
variable, fog; two Thrushes and one Lark killed striking: 17th,
a few going N.: 18th, a few, with Thrushes and Starlings, about
light: 19th, several about light: 21st, a few about light; gale
N.E.: 25th, a few flocks, apparently Larks and Linnets, going
N.W.; wind fresh N.W.: 27th, several large flocks do. going
N.W. November 4th, a few going N.W.: 9th and 10th, a
few flocks of Starlings and Larks going N.W.: 16th, several
flocks going N.W.; wind strong N.E., rain: 18th, “several
flocks of Larks and other small birds” going N.W.; wind fresh
S.W.: 21st, some going W.; wind S.E.: 24th, several flocks
going N.W.; wind fresh N.E.: 29th, flocks going N.W. all day;
wind S.E.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—January 13th, Larks going W.:
14th, great flocks Larks and Starlings going N.W. from 10 a.m.
to 2 p.M.; wind fresh 8.: 16th, flocks going W.; wind light
S.W.: 17th, flocks going N.W. 10 a.m. to 11 A.M.; fresh breeze
N.W.: 20th, some going N.W.; wind light E.: 22nd, flocks
going N.W. 10 a.m. to 11 a.M.; fresh breeze N.W.: 25th, some
going 8.W. at midnight; several drowned alongside; gale N.,
snow: 26th, flocks going N.W. at midnight; none struck; wind
moderate N.W.: 30th, two died on ship: 31st, flocks going
N.W. noon to 2 p.m.; fresh breeze N.E. April 8th, one about
ship. October 11th and 12th, one: 13th, several going N.W.,;
wind light W.: 15th and 16th, several from 10 A.M. to noon;
wind moderate S.E.: 19th, one: 20th, a flock going E.; wind
light 8.: 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, several going N.W. during day;
one drowned; wind fresh N.E.: 26th and 27th, flocks Larks
and Starlings during day going N.W.; fresh breeze N.E.:
28th, Larks and Starlings on ship and going N.W.: 29th, flocks
of do. going N.W. during day; strong breeze N.W.: 30th, flocks
going N.W. and on ship; wind N., clear: 31st, flocks on ship;
wind moderate E., clear. November 3rd, several during day;
calm: 9th, flock going N.W.; wind moderate N.W. December
2nd, three: 20th, several going N.W.; wind light N.

St John’s Point, Down.—February 10th, “I am sending a
Lark killed against glass. His claws, or rather the absence of
them, I wish you to see—[Skylark received in flesh without
feet, stumps healed and rounded]. The weather has been ex-
ceptionally severe, and the place is full of birds—Larks,

470 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

Thrushes, a few Blackbirds, Linnets, Chatinches and Snow
Buntings.—J. HIGGINBOTHAM.”

Drogheda, Ni—¥February 6th and ‘7th, large flocks going W.
all day; gale N.W., snow. March 8th, “this is a poor place
for the migration of birds; none killed since I joined this
station.”

South Rock Light-ship—January 6th, several going W. ;
strong breeze N.: 8th,a flock going W.; wind N.E.: 16th, a
flock going W.: 22nd, several about light at 8.30 P.M.; two
killed; wind N.W. February 6th, flocks going S.E.; wind
light N.W., snow: 7th, flocks going N. during day; strong
breeze S.E., snow: 18th, flocks in all directions: 19th, 20th,
and 21st, several going N.W.: 22nd and 23rd, several going E.
and about light at 2 a.m. on 23rd; two killed; wind N. April
21st, a few about light. October 23rd, several going N.W.:
24th, several about light; one killed; fresh breeze N.W.
November 21st, several about light: 22nd, several, with
Chaffinches, going W. during day; wind moderate N.W.:
25th, several about light at 10 P.m.; fresh breeze E.: 27th,
several going W.; wind moderate S.E., gloomy: 30th, six
going E. December 7th, four going W.; snow.

Ga (Mew) Island. aes 12th, large numbers of
small land-birds have died on the island during the week—
Blackbirds, Thrushes, Larks, etc.; snow and severe frost since
the 6th (see under Blackbird).

Innishtrahull.—January 25th, fourteen on island; strong
gale N., heavy snow. In the first week of February a large
quantity of birds died owing to frost; got three Snipe, two
Woodcock, eight Thrushes, and five or six Skylarks all dead—
[Wing of Lark received, dated “ February ”]. March 23rd, five
at night; two killed striking; gale S8.W. May 14th, two dis-
abled striking at 2 a.M.; wind light W., mist. October 26th,
“a good many Skylarks, Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Wheatears
have been killed at lantern glass lately.”

Clare Island.—February 7th, Skylark, Starling, and Thrushes ;
fresh breeze E.; one killed. These came to island during the
hard frost and snow this month, and mostly all died from
hunger.

Samphire Island—February 3rd, numbers of Golden and
Lapwing Plover, Redwings, Thrushes, Fieldfares, and Skylarks

1895] IRISH COAST 471

going S.W. all day, flying past at intervals; strong breeze E.,
clear and frosty; also great numbers of Gulls of all sorts
hovering about: 7th, vast numbers of Starlings, Skylarks, etc.
(see interesting- note under Thrush). December 28th, several
about lantern at 5 a.M.; one killed striking,

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

St John’s Point, Down.—February 10th, “the weather here
has been exceptionally severe, and the place around station is
full of birds, including Snow Buntings (I have not seen a
white one this winter yet).”

Innishtrahull— [Leg and wing of Snow Bunting, dated
“January,” received.] September 21st, a flock of Snow
Bunting on island.

Tory Island.—Some Snow Buntings during the winter.

Corn BuNTING (Emberiza miliaria, Linn.).

Tory Island.—April 25th, one disabled striking at 2 A.M.;
“evidently come here to nest.” [Leg and wing of Corn Bunting
received. |

YELLOW Buntine (Hmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—November 16th, three Yellow-
hammers going N.W.; strong breeze N.E.

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 4th, one flew into cabin; went
N.E. October 17th, one rested, flying N.: 20th, seven on ship
for a few minutes; flew N.; wind light S.E.: 21st, two at noon ;
flew N. November 6th, two rested at 7 A.M.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—October 29th, three going N.W.
December 7th, four about ship; flew N.E.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship.—October 27th and 30th, one
on deck. November 1st, three about ship: 3rd, five going
N.W.; wind light S.E.; flocks of Chaffinches and other birds
going N.W. during day (see under Starling).

Arklow South Light-ship—October 10th, one going N.: 17th,
one going S.W.: 23rd, one going N.W.: 29th, one remained all

472 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

day. November 17th, two going N.W.: D4th, one going N.W.;
rested.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 27th, several small birds
about light; wind moderate N.W.; one Chaffinch killed strik-
ing: 31st, several small and large birds going N.W. during
day; one Chaffinch on board; wind variable. November 4th,
one do.: 10th, two for a few hours: 26th, two on deck.

Codling Bank Inght-ship.— April 10th, one about ship: 11th,
one do. October 18th, two: 19th, four and one Lark going
W.; “one dead”: 21st, 23rd, and 28th, one on ship: 30th, flocks
Linnets, Larks, and Chaffinches going N.W. and about ship
during day; wind moderate N.: 31st, one on ship. November
2nd, two: 4th, one Hawk and one Chaffinch on ship: 8th, one
all day: 18th, several flocks Chaffinches and Starlings going
N.W. all day; wind moderate 8.W. December 2nd, one on
ship: 20th and 28th, one noted.

St John’s Point, Down.—February 10th, “ the weather has been
exceptionally severe, and the place is full of birds, including
Chaffinches.”

South Rock Lnght-ship.—April 3rd, one about ship. November
22nd, several Larks and Chaffinches going W. during day; wind
moderate N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 18th, one striking; caught
and let go.

Samphire Island.—February 7th, a few small flocks on island;
strong breeze 8.E., heavy snow.

BRAMBLING (fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).
Inmishtrahuil—April 24th, one on island; wind light N.E.
[Leg and wing received, dated “April.”] “Brambling are
very rarely seen here.” November 15th, flock on island; gale
N.W., squally.
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).
Hook Tower.—[Male Sparrow received in flesh about 22nd
December. |
GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 20th, one “Grey Linnet”
caught on deck. [Greenfinch received ‘in flesh.]

1895] IRISH COAST 473

Arklow South Light-ship.—October 30th, two Green Linnets
rested on ship; flew N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship.—January 13th, two about ship;
flew W. *

Codling Bank Light-ship.— November 19th, one on ship;
“stopped on ship till 24th; flew N.W.” December Ist, Green
Linnet going N.W.

LInnishtrahull— January 9th, nine on island.

GOLDFINCH (Carduwelis elegans, Steph.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—“I was told that after the heavy
fall of snow on February 7th, there were immense flocks of
Goldfinches along the shore of the mainland, near Donaghadee;
large numbers were caught (as they were very weak) to be kept
in cages. The people told me they were Scotch Goldfinches.
Whether there is any difference between Irish Goldfinches and
Scotch ones I don’t know.—R. ARMSTRONG.”

Innishtrahull—May 6th, one caught on island.

Samphire Island—March 16th, two Goldfinches remained
about ten minutes. “The first I have ever observed here.”

‘¢ LINNETS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—February 11th, flock of Grey Linnets
going N.W. October 10th, one Linnet going N.: 13th, one
going N.E.: 24th, two rested on ship; flew N.E. November
1st, one rested on ship.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 27th, several flocks going
N.W, from 11 A.M. to 2 p.m.; fresh breeze N., clear. December
2nd, three flocks going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— October 28th, flock going N.W.
at noon; fresh breeze N.W. November Ist, flocks going N.W.;
wind S.E.: 3rd, flocks, with Starlings and Chaffinches, going
N.W.; wind S.E.: 11th, one remained on deck about an hour
and a half: 22nd, flock about light; fresh breeze N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—November 14th, several flocks, and
Larks, going N.W.; fresh breeze 8.W.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 25th and 27th, flocks
of small birds, “apparently Larks and Linnets,” going N.W.

2H

474 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

:
November 18th, flocks Grey Linnets going N.W.; wind fresh

Codling Bank Inght-ship—April 3rd, one Linnet on ship.
October 30th, flocks Linnets, Larks, and Chaffinches, during
day going N.W. and about ship; wind moderate N. December
20th, Linnets noted.

St John’s Point, Down. — February 10th, severe weather ;
Linnets and other birds about station (see under Lark).

South Rock Light-ship—November 24th, a few Linnets going
W.; wind moderate S.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—February 6th, large numbers Linnets
on island: 12th, large numbers of small land-birds, including
Linnets, on island; snow and severe frost since the 6th;
generally blowing hard.

Innishtrahyll—January 28th, eight Grey Linnets on island ;
snow. .

Samphire Island.—February 7th, a few small flocks of Grey
Linnets at noon; strong breeze §.E., heavy snow: 28th, three
Grey Linnets on island. March 4th, seven: 10th, two: 12th,
several. April 1st and tenth, two. September 13th, three
going §.W.: 16th, a flock of about fifty on island at 8 a.M.;
wind light 8.E. October 14th, about thirty at noon; flew S.W.

“ BULLFINCH.”

Tuskar.—October 18th, “ Finches” (Bull) all night; several
killed; wind W., misty. “I am certain the birds were
Bullfinches that were here in October. I never saw any of
them before, which made me look them up, and I found them
in vol. ii. of ‘British Birds’; as it said they were common, I
did not think it necessary to send you one—H. KENNEDY”
(in letter dated February 6th, 1896). [No leg or wing of a
Bullfinch has yet been received from an Irish light station.—
R. M. B.]

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

* Coningbeg Light-ship—January 29th, several flocks going N.W.
February 1st, one flew down on lower deck: 18th, six about
ship; wind light 8.E. March 3rd, flock of Larks and Starlings
round lantern from 1 A.M. to 6 A.M.; several striking; wind
licht S., snow: 18th, one going N.E. September 18th, some

a,

1895] IRISH COAST 475

about light; wind light N.W., gloomy. October 15th, one
killed striking at 11.30 p.M.; wind moderate 8.W., gloomy :
26th, one rested on ship; flew N.W.: 28th, two rested; went
N.W.: 30th, oné killed striking at midnight. November 3rd,
three rested on ship; went N.E.: 11th, one rested; went N.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 27th, two flying to land.
February 3rd, a flock flying towards land; wind fresh S.E.

Tuskar.—February 20th, Starling and Lapwing going N.W.
at 10 P.M.; several killed; fresh breeze N.E., misty. April
19th, Starlings all night, with Swallows and other birds; fog.
July 29th, rush of birds at night, including young Starling;
some killed (see under Willow Wren).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 13th, one about deck:
21st, flock going N.W.; gale N.E.: 28th, ten going N.W.: 31st,
flock going N.W.; wind N.E. March 3rd, flock about light; wind
light S.W., snow: 9th, two flocks going S.E.; fresh breeze 8. July
30th, four about light at midnight. October 14th and 15th, great
rush of birds; many killed (see full note under Skylark): 28th,
flock going N.W.; wind moderate N.W. November Ist, flocks
going N.W.; fresh breeze S.E.: 3rd, flocks Starlings, Chaffinches,
and Linnets from 9.30 a.M. to 3 P.M. going N.W.; wind light
S.E., overcast: 18th, one going N.W.: 27th, flock about light
8 p.M. to 10 P.M.; wind moderate E. December 20th, some about
light at night ; wind 8.E., overcast: 27th, flock going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 27th and 28th, a few
going N.W. during day; gale N. March Ist, small flock going
N.W. October 15th, a few going S.W.; wind 8.W., light rain:
21st, numerous flocks Larks and Starlings, “almost a constant
rush,” going N.N.W. during day; wind light variable, gloomy :
24th, a few small flocks going N.W. from 8 a.m. till noon; fresh
breeze N.W.: 29th, some flocks going N.W.; gale. N.E. Nov-
ember Ist, several rested ; some flew S.W.: 2nd and 3rd, several,
with Larks, going W. during day ; some rested ; wind moderate
S.E.: 15th, a flock going S.W. at 11 a.m; gale S.W.: 19th, a
flock going N.; gale S.E.

Arklow North Light-ship— October 14th, a few, with Larks,
going N.W.: 15th, some during night; fog: 18th and 19th,
a few about light: 21st, several do.; gale N.E.: 27th, several
flocks going N.W. November 4th, a few going N.W.: 9th,
two flocks going N.W.: 10th, a few flocks going N.W. during

476 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
>

forenoon; wind light S.W.: 14th and 15th, several flocks going
N.W. during day; strong breeze S.W.: 24th and 29th, flocks
going N.W.; wind N.E. and $.E.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—January 13th, Starlings, with Larks
and Green Plover, going W.: 14th, great flocks, with Larks, going
N.W. from 10 aM. to 2 P.M.; wind fresh S.: 16th, flocks going
N.W. from 10 a.m. to 11.30 A.M.; wind light S.W.: 21st, flocks
going N.W.: 22nd, flocks, with Larks, going N.W.; fresh breeze
N.W.: 28th, flocks going N.W. 10 a.m. to noon; strong breeze N.
October 18th and 21st, one on ship: 24th, flock going N.W.:
26th and 27th, flocks during day going N.W.; fresh breeze N.E.:
28th, some noted: 29th, flocks during day going N.W.; strong
breeze N.W. November 18th, several flocks Chaffinches and
Starlings going N.W. all day; wind moderate S.W.: 20th, flocks
going N.W. all day; wind variable.. December 2nd, a flock
going N.W.: 20th and 25th, Starling noted.

Drogheda, N.—¥ebruary 7th, large flocks going W. all day;
gale S.W., snow.

South Rock Light-ship.—January 14th, three going N.W.:
29th, one about ship. February 6th, several about deck. April
13th and 17th, one. November 23rd, several about light at 9 P.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 4th, large flock all day,
remain; they build on island. July and August, here daily.

Innishtrahull.—February 16th, eight on island ; gale S.E.

Tory Island.—November 23rd, numbers of Fieldfares, Red-
wings, and Starlings about light from midnight to 4 A.M.; wind
moderate N.: 27th, two about light at 3.30 a.m.; one disabled ;
wind light 8.E. “Large quantities of Starlings kept about the
island during the winter.”

Clare Island.— February ‘th, Skylarks, Starlings, and
Thrushes ; fresh breeze E.; one killed. These came to island
during the hard frost and snow this month, and mostly all died
from hunger and cold.

Samphire Island.—January 29th, two all day. February 6th,
great numbers of Starlings on lighthouse and island from 4 P.M.
to 5 p.M.; gale N.W. to N.E., snow showers: 7th, vast numbers
of Starlings, Skylarks, Thrushes, and Redwings going §. all
day ; strong breeze 8.E. to S.W., heavy snow. “The island was
literally covered with them resting on it, and at times they
would darken the sky. I don’t think I ever saw so many.—

1895] | IRISH COAST 477

GrorGeE DunueEAvy’—[Leg and wing of Starling caught
received]. 8th, Starlings, etc., going 8. all day; storm from
S.E. “One continuous flight; they were all very exhausted,
and numbers of Starlings fell on island. I never saw such a
constant rush of birds; all on the island are quite exhausted ;
numbers of Rooks and Gulls killing and feeding on them.—
GrorGE Dunuzavy.” 9th, great number Starlings, etc., on
island all day; hurricane S.E. “Only that these nights are so
clear, vast numbers of birds would be caught and killed at
lantern glass.” 11th, numbers of Starlings and Redwings dead
on island at 10 a.M.; strong breeze S.E., clear, hard frost: 12th,
Starlings, etc., dead in numbers; frosty: 13th, “I never saw
such a rush of birds as there has been for the past week, but 1
observed no rare ones so far; they were composed of Lapwing
and Golden Plover, Starlings, Redwings, Thrushes, Skylarks,
Rooks, and Fieldfares, with some Grey Linnets. We have very
heavy storms, with frost and snow; it is pitiful to see the
hundreds of poor birds dead and dying all about the island,
particularly Starlings; the sea is also covered with them, and
Gulls feeding on them, although vast numbers of Gulls have
died. I am told it is terrible the number of birds that are dead
on shore——GEORGE DuNLEAVY.” March 21st, fifty noted.
December 20th, twelve going 8.

CuouaH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Arklow North Lnght-ship.—February 9th, one “ Red-legged
Jackdaw” going westward at noon; rested on ship’s rail for
three or four minutes; wind light E.N.E, clear. [The first
record of a Chough from a light-ship.—R. M. B.]

RAVEN (Corvus corax, Linn.).
Samphire Island.—February 20th, one going S.W. March
12th, two going N.E. July 31st, one going N.E.
HOoopDED Crow (Corvus cornix, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship.—November 24th, one Hooded Crow
~ noted.
Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).
Coningbeg Light-ship—March 7th, five going 8.W.; wind
light W., clear: 18th, three going S.W.; wind light N.E.: 19th,

478 MIGRATION OF BIRDS — [1895
_

one going N.W.: 30th, two “Crows” going N.E. April 15th,
two going N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—March 31st, two “Crows” going N.

Tuskar.—March 22nd, “Crows” and Curlews going N.W. at
8 aM.; wind light 8.W. April 12th, flocks of “Crows” going
N.W. at 10 a.M.; wind N., hazy.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—January 8th, one “ Crow” about
light at 9 P.M.; wind light N.W., clear. April 3rd, two “ Crows”
going N.W.

Arklow South Light-shyp—March 26th, three “Crows” going
N. April 3rd, one going N.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—January 25th, one “Crow” and
Larks at midnight (see under Lark). February 7th, one at
noon going N.W,; gale §., clear. March 16th, one going N.W.:
23rd, two “Crows” going N.W.; fog: 24th, four going N.W.
April 4th, one (see under Green Plover).

Samphire Island—February 7th, numbers going 8.W. at
2.30 P.M.; strong breeze S.W., cloudy, snow showers: 8th, great
rush of birds; Rooks killing and eating exhausted ones (see
full note under Starling): 18th, seven going S.W. March 16th,
several Rooks going 8.W. October 7th, great numbers going
S.W. from 8 A.M. to 9 4.M.; calm, clear: 10th, numbers going
N.E.; wind light N.E., clear: 28th, great numbers going 8.W.
all day; gale N.W., showers: 29th, numbers going S.W. at
intervals all day; gale N.W., showers.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Innshtrahull.— July 21st, two on island.

MacPiE (Pica rustica, Scop.).
Samphire Island.—October 29th, four on island; gale N.W.

SWALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

_ Coningbeg Light-ship—April 15th, four going N.E.; first of
the year; one on deck: 16th, one on deck: 17th, one found
dead on deck—[Received in flesh]; several about ship; flew
N.E. to land: 28th, several going N.E. during day; wind light
S.W.: 30th, several going N.E. May 17th, several do. July
13th, one about ship; went N.E. August 24th, one do.; flew

1895] IRISH COAST 479

N.E. September 8th, a flock going N.: 20th, two flocks going
S.W.; wind light N.E.: 21st, three flocks going S.W.; wind
light S.E.: 22nd, one flock going S.W.: 23rd, several flocks
going 8.W. from 5.30 a.M.to 1 p.m. October 6th, one or two
going 8.W.: 19th, two rested on ship; flew E.

Barrels Rock Inght-ship—April 12th, two going N.: 14th,
do.: 16th, two lighted on board: 18th, two: 25th, five: 26th,
six; one lighted and remained on board all night. May 13th,
four on board during day; fog: 14th, eight about ship; four
died on board; wind light N.W., fog.

Tuskar.— April 11th, one going N. at 7 a.M.: 19th, Swallows,
“Wrens,” Starlings, and Blackbirds all night; wind S8.W., fog.
September 25th, some going S.E. October 6th, do.: 19th, do.
all day going S. November 20th, Swallows observed flying
about railway sheds, Ballygeary. [Light-keeper on shore this
day.—R. M. B.]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 5th, one going N.W. at
10 a.M.; wind fresh 8.W.: 8th, three going N.W.: 17th, two on
ship; one caught—[Leg and wing received]: 22nd, two going
N.W.: 23rd, one going N.W.: 25th, some, with other birds, about
light; wind light N.W., rain: 29th, five going S.W. May Ist,
two going N.W. at 6 a.M.: 3rd, flock of Swallows and “ Wrens ”
about light from 10 P.M. to 11 P.M.; wind light N.E., light haze:
8th, flock of Swallows going N.W. at 8 a.M.; wind moderate E.:
9th, several flocks going N.W.; wind light S.W.: 14th, flock
going N.W. June 18th, three going N.W.: 19th, two going
N.W. September 4th, flock going S. at 7 am.; wind light
S.W.: 10th, one going N.W.: 16th, one going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 10th, 11th, and 12th, a few
Swallows going N.W.; wind light N.W. June 25th, one going
N.W. August 5th, two going N.E. September Ist, small flocks
going S.W. from 8 A.M. to noon; wind light S.W.: 2nd, a large
number going 8.W.; wind light S.W.: 3rd, a lot in small
numbers during day going W.S.W. and W.; they “came from
eastward” these three days: 7th, odd ones going W.S.W. all
day; wind light W., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— April 16th, one about ship: 17th,
two going N.W.: 18th, three do.: 23rd, one killed striking;
hazy: 24th, several going N.W. from 6 A.M. to 1 P.M.: 28th,
three going N.W.: 30th, three going N.W. May Ist, several

480 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
_

going N.W.; one died on board—[Leg and wing received]:
8th, several going N.W. June Ist, one going S.E.: 23rd, one
going N.W.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 4th, some on island,

Clare Island.—May 4th, two flying round station; the first
seen this year; gale S.W.

Samphire Island.—_May 12th, two going E.; first seen this
year: 23rd, several about station: 28th, scarce up to this.
August 22nd, great numbers about station 9 A.M. to noon.
September 7th, hundreds about island, and going S.W., from
8 A.M. to 9 A.M.; calm; numbers rested about walls, etc.; several
flew into dwellings ; seemed quite tame.

Skelligs—April 10th, “I am sending a species of Swallow to
see if it is rare, as the Swallows here are not like any in cities
and towns.” [Swallow received in flesh.]

House Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Tuskar.—July 29th and 30th, great rush of birds, including
Martins (see under Willow Wren); one Martin killed striking
at 11 P.M.; wind light N.E., overcast.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 8th, four “large Swallows”
about ship.

Arklow South Lnght-ship.—August 14th, one “large Swallow ”
going W.

Codling Bank Lighi-ship.—dJ uly 1st, “one Swallow, all black,”
about ship.

Rockabill.—J uly 30th, Swift killed at lantern. [Leg and wing
received. |

Samphire Island.—June 17th, one noted. August 3rd, three
going 8.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

“‘Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 15th, one flew twice round ship
and then went N.W. at 7 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May 4th, heard on island.

Aranmore.—August 9th, “the accompanying bird, which was
shot here yesterday, is not known to me”—[Young Cuckoo

1895] IRISH COAST 481

received in flesh]. “During the last two years only one bird, a
male Blackbird, was observed on lantern glass at night.”
Clare Island.—May 8th, “heard ; the first this year.”

>

“ PIGEONS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—August 19th, Rock-Dove lighted on
ship at 3 A.M.; caught; fog.

Tuskar.—September 27th, Dove on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—June 18th, a Blue Pigeon flying
in a circle, apparently very tired.

Innishtrahull— December 6th, eight Pigeons on island all
day ; storm N.W.: 27th, three; gale S.E.

SPOTTED CRAKE (Porzana maruetta, Leach).

Fastnet.—[August 20th, Spotted Crake received in flesh. ]

WATER-RAIL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—August 19th, Water-Rail killed striking at 1 A.m.;
wind E., fog. September 25th, one going S.E.

Arklow South Lrght-ship.—September 24th, several birds
about light; one killed. [Leg and wing of Water-Rail
received. |

Blacksod Point.—January 9th, “this bird was killed striking
the telephone wire; it is a strange bird to me.” [Water-Rail
received in flesh.]

Water-HEn (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Tuskar—July 29th and 30th, one Water-Hen on rock for a
whole day; great rush of birds at this time (see under Willow
Wren).

‘“ RINGED PLOVER” and “ DOTTERELS.”

Tuskar.—May 27th, “ Dotterels” on rock.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 7th, “ Ring Plover” heard on
island. June 18th, there are several pairs of Ring Plover here
at present ; they build on island. July and August, here daily.

Samphire Island.—February 22nd, some hundreds of “ Ringed
Dotterel” on rocks; wind light S.E. March 10th, great numbers
of “ Ringed Dotterel” on rock; calm; observed with telescope.

482 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
_

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Comngbeg Light-ship.— February 5th, two flocks “Grey
Plover” going §.W.; fresh breeze E.: 11th, flock going 8.W.,
flying high.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—April 25th, Plover, “ Wrens,”
and Swallows about light from 9 P.M. to 2 A.M.; wind light
N.W., rain; four killed striking. [Legs and wings of Golden
Plover and Whitethroat received. |

Arklow North Inght-ship—November 25th, three flocks of
“Grey Plover” going W.; wind strong N.E.

Innishtrahull—=January 19th, four Golden Plover on island.
February 21st, Lapwing and Golden Plover (eight) on island.
September 18th, six Golden Plover going S.

Samphire Island.—February 1st, several flocks Golden and
Lapwing Plover going 8. from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M.; wind light 6.E.,
frosty : 3rd, numbers of Golden and Lapwing Plover, Redwings,
etc., going §.W. all day; frosty: Sth, “a rush of birds going
S.W. for the last few days, Golden and Lapwing Plover, Field-
fares, Redwings, etc., frost; at night I can hear them passing
high overhead”: 7th, a few small flocks of Lapwing and
Golden Plover going S.; snow showers—[Leg and wing of
Golden Plover (shot) received]: 8th, several flocks of do. going
S.; storm 8.E. December 2nd, fifty Golden Plover going 8.

GREEN PLoveErR (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—February 20th, Starling and Lapwing going N.W.
at 10 p.m.; several killed; fresh breeze N.E., misty.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 19th, flock going
N.W. at 9 Pp.M.; wind N.E. March 3rd, flock (see under Lark).
December 18th, flocks about light from 8 P.M. to midnight ;
wind moderate 8.E., overcast: 20th, do., wind N.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 3rd, six going N.E.
February 20th, one lighted on ship at 8 a.M.; remained till
5 pM. March 4th, two going $.E. November 23rd, a flock of
“Plover” going E.; gale N.E.

_ Arklow North Light-ship—January 12th, several flocks of
Plover going W. from 9 A.M. to2 P.M.; gale S.E., snow: 13th,
several flocks going W. from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.; wind strong
S.E.: 26th, four about ship; flew N.W. February 3rd and 4th,

1895] IRISH COAST 483

several flocks of Lapwing and Lark going W.; fresh breeze
S.E. March 3rd, several all day going N. November 17th,
two flocks going W.

Codling Bank *Light-ship—January 11th, great flocks Green
Plover going W. during day; strong breeze S.: 12th, great
flocks going W.; gale S., snow: 13th, great flocks, with Larks
and Starlings, going W.; wind variable: 15th, flocks of Plover
going W. from 10 a.m. to noon; fresh breeze S.E.: 19th, flocks
of Green Plover going W. from noon to 1 P.M; wind light E.:
20th, Plover and Larks going W. from 10.30 am. to 11 AM.;
wind light E. March 15th, flocks of Lapwing going W. mh
6 A.M. to 5 P.M.; wind moderate S.W. March 21st, two going
W.: 22nd, ieee about ship: 31st, four gomg N.W. April 4th,
six going W.

LInnishtrahull—January 13th, three Green Plover; gale S.E.,
snow. February 21st, Lapwing on island.

Clare Island.—February 7th, seven going S.

Samphire Island.—February 1st, several flocks Golden and
Lapwing Plover going S. from 10 aM. to 3PM; frosty: 3rd,
numbers going §.W. all day (see full note under Golden
Plover): 4th, large flocks going S. all day, several shot—[Leg
and wing received]; storm 8.E., frosty: 5th, at intervals all
day going S.; gale S.E., frosty: 7th, small flocks going S.; snow:
8th, several flocks going 8.; storm 8.E.: 11th, several large
flocks going 8.; strong breeze 8.E., hard frost: 16th, single birds
going N. at intervals during day; storm from S.E.: 23rd, about
fifty going S.W. March Ist, seven do.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.—* Frequent the isle, as other years.”

Slyne Head, S— August 18th, a bird killed striking lantern.
[Leg and wing of Turnstone received.]

Samphire Island.—February 11th, large flocks on rocks;
strong breeze S.E., hard frost. March 10th, a large flock going
N.: 25th, several large flocks going E. April 11th, small flock
going S.E.: 18th, fifty on island: 20th, twenty; gale 8.W.:
22nd, six. July 27th, seven all day on island; wind moderate
N.W. August 27th, a large flock going §.; Sule W. December
9th, about a hundred going N.W.

484 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
>

OYSTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 8th, two going §.W.: 18th, six
flew from Saltee Islands, and when at ship turned and flew W.

Copeland (Mew) IJsland.— January, flocks round island.
February, large flocks. April 4th, flocks daily. June 2nd,
“found their eggs.” July and August, Seapies here.

Innishtrahull.— Seapie frequent the island, same as other
years.”

Samphire Island.—February 11th, a few on rocks; hard
frost. March 17th, three feeding: 25th, several large flocks of
Seapies going E.; gale W., clear: 30th, twenty-one on island ;
shot two; gale N.W. During April, a few noted. May 20th
twenty-one on rocks: 22nd, a large flock going 8.E. June 16th,
several going 8.E.: 25th, numbers on rocks. August 6th,
sixteen: 23rd, seven. November 29th, numbers on rocks.

Woopcock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.—F ebruary 18th, four on island. “In the first |
week of February a large quantity of birds died on island owing
to frost; got three Snipe, two Woodcock, eight Thrushes, and
five or six Skylarks, all dead.” June 25th, one Woodcock on
island at 3 P.M.; gale S., misty. September 29th, one all day.
October 21st, one; gale SH. November 24th, one; strong
breeze 8. December 29th, one; gale S.E.

Blacksod Point.—¥ebruary 23rd, “very heavy frost and snow.
Great numbers of birds died. The people here were killing the
Snipe with sticks. There was also a great quantity of Wood-
cock.”

Clare Island.—February 7th, Woodcock noted; wind mode-
rate E., hazy. “Great many have come to island during the
hard frost and snow this month.”

SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—September 25th, one going
N-W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—“ Large numbers on isle during
January”; and in February to March there were a good many.
October 18th, a few seen to-day: 27th, every day since the
18th. November 3rd, Snipe noted.

1895] IRISH COAST 485

Innishtrahull—January 30th, twelve all day; strong breeze
S.E. February, frosty (see full note under Woodcock). July
2nd, three. September 27th, ten; strong breeze S.E. November
8th, three; gale 8&., fog. December 10th, four; strong breeze
N.W.

Blacksod Point.—February 23rd, “heavy frost; the people
here were killing the Snipe with sticks” (see under Woodcock).

DunNuIin (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Samphire Island.—March 11th, a large flock of Sand Larks
about all day ; calm, clear; shot nineteen while passing end of
island—[Leg and wing of Dunlin received]: 13th, Sand Larks
in numbers going S.E. all day; wind strong S.W.: 17th,
some thousands of Sand Larks going S. at 5.30 P.mM.; calm.
August 8th, a large flock of Sand Larks going 8.E. September
19th, numbers of “ Dunlings” heard passing S.W. at 9.30 P.M.

Knot (Tringa canutus, Linn.),

Samphire Island.—March 10th, a large flock of Knot circling
about ; calm, clear; “first I have seen here.” December 7th,
a large flock going N.; strong gale N.W.

“SAND LARKs.”

Arklow South Light-ship—May 18th, one flew to ship from
land and back again. June 21st, three flew from shore and
returned.

Arklow North Light-ship—November 26th, one Sea Lark on
deck.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—July and August, breed on this
island.

Innishtrahull—‘ Sand Larks frequent the island same as
other years.”

CurLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—March 10th, flock going W. at 9 P.M.:
11th, two flocks going N.E. April 28th, flock going N.E.,
flying high. July 27th, several going N.W. at 9 P.., flying
high.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 20th, several Curlew
going N.W.

486 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

Tuskar.—March 22nd, some going NW.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—July 23rd, flock passed over
ship 10 p.m. August 22nd, one Curlew going SE.

Arklow South Light-ship—February 21st, several round ship
at 11.30 p.m. May 18th, five going N. June 29th, four going
N.W. July Ist, two going W. August 15th, three going
N.W.: 30th, two do.

Arklow North Light-ship.—November 27th, several round
light.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 23rd, one Curlew going E.
June 2nd, several going S.E. at night: 24th, two going N.W.

South Rock Light-ship.— February 8th, flock going 8.W.
April 18th, several about light.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January, flocks round island the
whole month; and large flocks in February. April 4th, seen
daily.

Innishtrahull—February 7th, a large flock at light for about
an hour at 4 A.M.; strong gale S.E., snow.

Clare Island—July 25th, thirty round island.

Samphire Island—January 26th, large flocks “observed with
telescope on shore”; snow. February 11th, large flocks; hard
frost: 18th, several: 24th, numbers heard passing N.at 11 P.m.,
flying high. March 12th, great numbers going S.E. from 8 P.M.
to 11 p.M., flying high and making a great noise; wind light 8.E.,
clear: 13th, numbers all day going S.E.; wind strongS.W. April
10th, several going S.W.; gale N.W. June 19th, a few going
S.E.: 23rd, numbers heard passing S.E. at 10 p.m.; calm, clear:
25th, numbers on rocks. July 15th, two hundred on rock.
August 10th, eleven going W. September 20th, six on island.
November 20th, eighteen going §.: 29th, numbers on rocks.

WHIMBREL (Vumentius pheopus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—April 7th, six “ Maybirds” going
N.E. at 8.30 p.M., flying high over ship ; clear.

Samphire Island—February 13th, one “ Jack Curlew” noted.
May 13th, one Whimbrel going N.W. ; first seen: 14th, several
going W. from 4 p.m. to 5 p.M.: 20th, numbers feeding, observed
with telescope: 22nd, several going $.E.: 28th, “not yet very
numerous.” July 20th, one going W.: 21st, several heard
going W.at 11 Pp.M.; strong breeze N.W. August 2nd, one:

1895] IRISH COAST 487

6th, two “Jack Curlew” on rocks: 7th, twelve going S.: 15th,
seven going W.: 20th, numbers going 8.W. 9.30 and 10.30 P.M, ;
wind fresh 8.W.: 22nd, “flocks going S.W. all day and night,
passing at intervals in flocks of from five to ten ata time; heavy
lightning, with thunder at intervals, during night”: 23rd, nine
going S.W. September 13th, several heard passing W. at
midnight.
“ TERNS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.— May 18th, several Common Terns
round ship.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—May 18th, several very large flocks
of “Seamews” going E. in forenoon; wind light N.E.: 19th,
several small flocks of do. going in various directions during
day; wind moderate N.E.: 20th, two small flocks going W.
June Ist, four large flocks going S.E.; wind light 8.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May 8th, “Mews arrived” at day-
light; wind moderate S.E.: 31st, “first egg seen on this date.”
September 9th, last bird seen this day; wind light 8.E.

Innishtrahull.—May 15th, one flock Tern ; first arrival; wind
moderate N.W. June 16th, a flock going N.; gale SW. “Tern
hatch on island.”

CoMMON GULL (Larus canus, Linn.).

Samphire Island.—February 12th, “ one found dead at high-
water mark; supposed to be a Kittiwake of second year ”—
[Common Gull received in flesh]; “numbers of Gulls dead on
rocks”; hard frost lately (see under Thrush and Redwing).

GLaucous GULL (Larus glaucus, O. Fabricius).

Blacksod Point.—¥ebruary 23rd, “I am sending you a Sea-
cull; it is the only one of its species around here, and it only
arrived a few days ago.” [Very small Glaucous Gull received
in flesh. |

“ GULES.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 29th, one Blackbird passing
ship at 10 a.m.; chased and killed by Gulls. November 7th,
two small birds passing ship, were chased by Seagulls to-day.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January and February, Gulls con-

488 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

i

stantly noted. January 28th, flocks << birds flying to land — z
during day; a few Larks and Thrushes lit on board for a time, —

some of which were eaten by Gulls when passing ship: 30th,
a few Larks and Thrushes flying to land; two eaten by Gulls.
March 16th and 23rd, a large number of large and small Gulls
during day about ship; Gulls noted constantly from 16th to
end of April; on March 18th and April 20th, 23rd, and 25th,
as white and grey, and on 28th, 29th, and 30th, as grey. May
15th, 21st, and 22nd,a number: 25th, a large number about
ship; Gulls daily till end of month. November 30th, a large
number of Murs and Grey and White Gulls about ship.
December 5th to 24th, Gulls noted (“grey and white” on
19th).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—February 21st, Gulls (small
Royals and Royals) are about ship almost daily.

Arklow South Light-ship.—August 19th, “nine Black-head
Gulls” going S.W.

Arklow North Light-ship. — October 11th, a few noted.
“Several large Seagulls remain about ship for the winter
months; and by day, when they happen to get a small bird,
such as a Blackbird or Lark, worn out after a long flight, they
give it chase, kill it, and eat it, feathers and all; but they will
never attack a flock, only a single bird,”

Codling Bank Light-ship.—< January, a few Herring Gulls and
small common Gulls.” February, “a few Gulls.” March, great
numbers. April, great flocks.

Innishtrahull.—August, Kittiwakes, Herring Gulls, Common
Gulls, four Royal Gulls. “Seagulls all the year, four kinds—

»

Herring Gulls, Kittiwakes, ‘Skywalks, and generally a pair of ©

Royal Gulls.”

Clare Island.—March 15th, Seagulls resorting to cliffs m
pairs.

Samphire Island.—J anuary 25th, one Great Black-backed
Gull: 27th, one “like a Kittiwake, but instead of the wings

4 Saore; “—?

being tipped with black, they were tipped with white”: 28th, —
‘large flocks of Kittiwakes on water: 31st, several Kittiwakes. —
February 3rd, “great numbers of Gulls of all sorts hovering —

about”; frost: 5th, four Great Black-backed Gulls, “ two of

them were birds of the second year”; frosty: 8th, great rush

of birds; “all on the island are quite exhausted; numbers of

1895] IRISH COAST 489

- Rooks and Gulls killing and feeding on them”: 12th, numbers

of Gulls dead on rocks at noon; wind light 8.E,, frosty: 13th,
“vast numbers of Gulls have died” (see full note under
Starling). April 7th, eleven Lesser Black-backed Gulls feeding
on dead Guillemots on water (see under Guillemot); wind
moderate W.; four were old birds, seven birds of the second
year: 20th, number of Kittiwakes: 25th, great numbers of
different species feeding. One or two Great and Lesser Black-
backed Gulls noted occasionally to end of May. May 8th,
large numbers of Kittiwakes about bay: 17th, numbers of
different species. July 18th and 29th, two Black-headed
Gulls. August 22nd, numbers of Kittiwakes feeding. Sep-
tember 21st, great numbers Kittiwakes and Common Gulls.
December 2nd, four Great Black-backed Gulls.

MANX SHEARWATER (Pufinus anglorum, Temminck).

Coningbeg Lnght-ship.—March ‘7th, one going W.: 18th,
several going W. during day: 27th, some about ship.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—F¥ebruary 16th, two “ Mackerel
Cocks”; the first seen this year; fresh breeze S.E.: 19th, two.
March 18th, two: 22nd, five: 24th, six. April lst to end of
month, some almost daily. May Ist to 4th, a few drifting.
June 4th, several flocks of “ Mackerel Cock” feeding inshore.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 12th, some going in various
directions. June 21st, several going N.E.: 23rd, a few going
N.E.

FoRK-TAILED PETREL (Cymochorea leucorrhoa, Vieill).

Old Head, Kinsale.—November 20th, a Petrel struck light at
4 a.M.; “it is the largest I have ever seen.” [Fork-tailed Petrel
received in flesh. |

Storm PETREL (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 16th, two round ship. July
16th, four Mother Carey’s Chickens about ship; unsettled
weather: 17th, one: 25th, one: 27th, one lighted on ship:

28th, one do. August 7th, flock round ship all day. September

"er Sh

6th, four Mother Carey’s Chickens about ship. October 2nd,
two. November 13th, two.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—dJuly 15th, Petrel about ship.
21

490 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
_

Arklow. South Light-ship—July 14th, several Petrel from
8 a.m. to noon flying about. August 29th, three going S.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—October 6th, three about ship.

Innishtrahull. —[Wing of Storm Petrel received, dated
January. |

Clare Island.—July 26th, one struck and caught at base of
Tower at 44M. August 18th, one caught at 4 A.M.

RAZORBILL (Alea torda, Linn.) and
GuILLEMoT (Uria trotle, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—Auegust 20th, “young Mur caught and
let go, but never left vicinity of ship till October 19th; the
crew fed him every day.—A. B. WALL.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 14th,
and 15th, from two to ten flocks of “ Murs” noted about ship:
16th, 17th, and 18th, twenty to forty “Murs” about ship: 19th
and 21st, several flocks: 22nd, about forty. February, thirty
to a hundred and fifty noted at intervals. April ilth to 30th,

ten to a hundred constantly seen. Early in May a few: on ©

16th, several large flocks of Parrots and Murs going in various
directions: 21st, a large number of Murs, and some almost daily
till end of month. June, some. November 30th, a large
number of Murs, etc. December, forty to fifty at intervals
about ship.

Arklow South Light-ship—August 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, “a lot
of Murs with young ones drifting past all day. Sea-birds more
numerous than other seasons.”

Arklow North Light-ship—October 11th, a few Murs.

Innishtrahull—August, some Parrots, Razorbills, and Puffins.

Samphire Island.—April 5th, “about fifty Guillemots floating
dead close to island at 6 A.M.; strong breeze 8.W. I fished in

a few toidentify. I suppose they must have been caught in the ’

nets of the fishing-boats and drowned, and thrown overboard”

(see under Gulls). August 7th, young Razorbill and mother ~

close to island ; first young one seen this season: 11th, several

Razorbills and their young fishing all day; gale S.W.; numerous —

every day: 30th, numbers, with their young, fishing; gale.

September 20th and 21st, numbers feeding. October 13th, one —

Guillemot in winter plumage, light grey, almost white.

j

1895} IRISH COAST 491

Skelligs—April LOth, “I am forwarding four Guillemots;
they are, I think, in full plumage, as they have only landed
about seven days. I think the bad weather keeps them back—
[Four received in flesh]. Ringed Guillemots are not so numerous
as the others. I have been here three years, and have some
Ringed Guillemots’ eggs. I obtained a very peculiar egg last
season, turned at one point. It was a Guillemot’s, as I got the
bird sitting on it, and I got three in the same place. After
’ lifting the first and second she finally deposited a third, all the
same turn.—J. E. CUNNINGHAM.”

. LitTLe AUK (Mergulus alle, Linn.).
|
;

Tory Island—May, remains of bird not known found on
island. [Head and wing of Little Auk received.]

PurFFIN (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—April 10th, fifty Parrots noted
constantly to end of month. May, Parrots feeding about ship.

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship.— July 13th, Puffin observed
with young.

Innishtrahull.—August, “Puffin and Parrots frequent the
_ island same as other years.”

Clare Island.—April 12th, “ Puffins have resorted to the cliffs
in great numbers.” July 20th, Puffins have departed.

Samphire Island.—September 21st, Puffins in great numbers.

GREAT NORTHERN DIVER (Colymbus glacialis, Liun.).

j

.

\

. Samphire Island.—January 1st, two: 6th, one, asleep: 8th,

three fishing: 17th, eight, four males and four females, close to

island ; “I take the mottled birds to be the males and the black

_ ones females”: 19th, about twenty seen all over the bay: 24th,
large numbers of Cormorants and Great Northern Divers fishing

close to island; again on 29th. March 17th, one “ White-

_ throated Diver” close to island: 26th, one Great Northern

_ Diver. April 1st, one: 7th, “a Diver, species unknown, on

water among the Black-backed Gulls. It was the size of a
small Cormorant; and I observed with a telescope that the
throat and breast were white, head and back of neck a light
bluish-grey, bill the same colour, back mottled grey and black

492 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
>

like a male Great Northern Diver, for which I first took it, but
it was much smaller and more slender. I did not see it dive;
it kept swimming about the Gulls”: 25th, one Great Northern
Diver, “in summer plumage, beautifully marked on back with
large white spots, white ring round neck, and head black, neck ~
shaded with dark green”: 30th, one, “ beginning to show summer ~
plumage.” May 11th, one in summer plumage. These were —
the first I have ever seen alive in summer plumage. October |
10th, one. November 3rd, two; very handsome, partly in ©
‘summer plumage: 24th, one going S.: 28th, one: 29th, four. —
December 9th, numbers, and Cormorants fishing.

SCLAVONIAN GREBE (Podicipes auwritus, Linn.).

Blacksod Pownt.—April 15th, “I was out in Blacksod Bay
yesterday, and saw about six birds, and, thinking they were
Duck, I fired and killed two of them; but I found they were —
birds I had never seen before. Mr Widdicombe, the lighthouse —
keeper, had never seen such a bird—TnHomas WIxson, Coast- —
guard.” [Two Sclavonian Grebes received in flesh in full .
breeding plumage.|

Se ee

CorMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 16th, four.

Samphire Island—January 24th and 29th, large numbers of
Cormorants and Great Northern Divers fishing. March 15th,
great numbers of Brown Cormorants fishing. April 6th, five.
June 18th, two large Green Cormorants. July 28th, one large
White-breasted Cormorant; “first seen for some time”: 11th,
flocks of from three to seven Cormorants going N. all day.
September 14th, numbers of Brown Cormorants fishing: 30th,
five White-breasted Cormorants going N. October 5th, seven
Cormorants in one flock going S. December 9th, some fishing.

Pe cae "

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March dth, two going W. October —
20th, eight going E. November 9th, six passing E.
Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 2nd, large flock: 3rd, a
number: 15th, a large number Gannets feeding: 17th, 18th, —

1895] IRISH COAST 493

and 24th, some. During February one to six going W. at
intervals. March and April, a few noted almost daily. May
_ 7th, a large flock going W.: 13th, three flocks going W.: 14th,
four flocks going W.: 15th, a number going W.: 20th, four
flocks going W.; constantly noted to end of month. November
- 27th, a large number going N.E.: 29th, forty. December 4th,
a large number feeding: 16th, do.: 19th, one hundred.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 7th, flock of Gannet

going N.E.: 10th, several flocks going N.E. April 17th, flocks
going §.W.: 25th, flock going N.E. May Ist, several flocks
: going N.E.: 11th, flock going N.E.
: Arklow South LInght-ship—March 7th and 8th, small flocks
Gannet going N.E.: 17th, a flock going N.E. April 3rd, five
. Gannets going N.E. May 18th, small flocks going in various
directions. June 23rd, odd Gannets going N.E. August 10th,
several going S.W.: 18th, flocks going 8.W. September 24th,
several going N.E. October 6th, odd ones going 8.W.

Arklow North Inght-ship—January 22nd, several going S.
March 2nd, several flocks going N.E. “to Scotland for the
breeding season”: 3rd, several all this day going N. October
11th, two going S.W.

Codling Bank Lrght-ship—January and February, a few
Gannet. March 19th, large flock of Gannet going N.E.; “ great
numbers this month.” April, “ great flocks this month.”

Copeland (Mew) Island. —May 8th, several. June, they
frequent this island all the summer.

Blacksod Point.—May 11th, Gannet sent. [Adult received
in flesh. ]

Samphire Island.—August 24th, numbers fishing.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew) Island—February, a few round island during
the month. June 18th, Herons frequent the island all the
summer.

Samphire Island.—January 28th, one going W. February
18th, three. March 17th, one. May 27th, one going 8.E.;
“much smaller than the ordinary Heron, and almost white;
flew low and very sluggishly.” August 19th, two large Herons

fishing. |

494 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895
:

Brent Goose (Bernicla brenta, Pallas).

Samphire Island.—November 19th, one “ Barnacle” shot and
forwarded —[Brent Goose received in flesh]. “There are a
good many about the place this season, but not as numerous
as last year.”

“ GEESE.”

Arklow North Light-ship.— November 22nd, flock of
Barnacle going N.E.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—April 26th, four Wild Geese on island :
28th, Wild Geese still here. November 3rd, nine going S.

Innishtrahull—March 11th, three Wild Geese going N.E.
April 5th, large flocks of Geese going 8. September 24th, a
flock going 8.; gale N.W.: 30th, three Geese on island.
October 7th, large flocks Barnacle going 8S. all day; gale N.W.
November 2nd, one Barnacle Goose on island; killed ~by
islanders; strong breeze N.W.: 10th, a Brent Goose on island ;
killed.

Blacksod Point.—February 6th, there are no Wild Geese here.

Clare Island.—April 14th, two hundred to — hundred
Wild Geese going N.

Samphire Island—F¥ebruary 4th, “ Barnacle Geese are very
numerous”: 10th, a large flock of Barnacle going S.: 15th,
“several large flocks Barnacle going N.; some hundreds of
birds passed, making a great noise; none have come within
shot of the island, although they pass every day in hundreds”
23rd, Barnacle in great numbers feeding about the bay. March
9th, a large flock of Barnacle in the bay: 17th, three flocks,
about a hundred birds, going N.: 24th, “these birds are getting
scarce”: 27th, three small flocks going N.: 30th, one. April
3rd, a large flock: 9th, two small flocks going N.: 13th, about
a hundred going N., flying high, in the form of a letter V, with
oreat noise; wind light E.: 15th, several large flocks going N.:
19th, thousands going N.W. from 7 P.M. to 7.30 P.M.; wind
.moderate S.W., gloomy ; “in one continuous string, single file,
flying high, and making a great noise; I suspect they are
migrating, as I never saw them go the same course all the
season”: 21st, several flocks going N. at 7 p.M.; strong breeze
S.W. May 9th, Barnacle have left; none seen since April
21st: 14th, two at noon. October 7th, about a hundred going

1895] IRISH COAST 495

N.W.; first seen this season: 12th, five going N.W.: 14th,
‘several flocks going N. between 11 A.M. and noon. November
_ 19th, one on island; shot and forwarded—[ Brent Goose received
in flesh]: 20th, about a hundred feeding in the bay. December
‘9th, a flock of about two hundred Barnacle going N.: 24th,
three flocks of Barnacle, over two hundred in each flock,
going N.
“ SWANS.”

Blacksod Point—F¥ebruary 23rd, ‘“‘there were eleven Swans
passed here (date not given) going 8., but too high to get a shot
at them.”
Samphire Island—December 22nd, two “Black Swans” going
W. at 3 P.M.; wind moderate E., gloomy.—GrtorGE DUNLEAVY.

ComMMON SHELDRAKE (Yadorna cornuta, 8. G. Gmel.).

St John’s Point, Down. — June 28th, “I am forwarding a
Duck, as I do not know to what species it belongs.” [Female
Sheldrake received in flesh.]

Common TEAL (Nettion crecea, Linn.).

Samphire Island.—February 12th, bird found dead at high-
_ water mark on rocks, torn by Gulls or Crows, supposed to be a
Teal; frosty weather. [Leg and wing of Teal received.]

Scaup (Fuligula marila, Linn.).

Samphire Island.—¥ebruary 12th, supposed “Shovelbill”
found dead on rocks at high-water mark; weather frosty.
[Female Scaup received in flesh.]

. “ Ducks.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 1st, four large flocks Wild
Duck going N.W., flying high. March 17th, two Wild Duck
about ship; large, with red heads. October 28th, three Wild
Duck going N.W. November 29th, four about ship.

_ Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 9th, three Wild Ducks
going E. July 10th, flock Wild Duck going N.E. at 11 am.;
wind light S:W. [Unusual date—R. M. B.]

Arklow South Light-ship—September 6th, a large flock of
Wild Duck going W. October 13th, four Wild Duck going N,

496 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1895

Arklow North Light-ship—February 13th, flock of Wild
Duck going N.E.: 15th, two Teal swimming round ship.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January Sth, two flocks Wild
Duck going N. February 6th, Wild Ducks going N.W.; thick
snow. October 17th, one flock going W.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—January, flocks of Wild Duck round
island the whole month; weather generally stormy. February,
large numbers of Duck, Wigeon, and Teal round island ; “some
come here every winter.” October 28th, several flocks of Wild
Ducks. November 3rd, flocks of Wild Duck daily.

Innishtrahull.—January 12th, “one Wild Duck (Teal) ”
killed striking at 11 P.m.; strong gale 8.E., misty, rain. Sep-
tember 6th, two Teal on island; gale N.W.: 22nd, one
Goosander on island; wind moderate N. November 4th,
Goosander shot: 5th, “one Ferruginous Duck” [Wigeon ?—
R. M. B.] on island: 13th, one Wild Duck and Goosander on
water: 18th, one Tufted Duck on water.

Blacksod Point.—¥ebruary 6th, “there are plenty of Wild
Duck at night, but I cannot be absent from lighthouse.”

Samphire Island.—February 4th, “observed a good many
Duck and two couple of Sheldrakes pass N.”: 8th, a few small
flocks of Duck going S8.: storm 8.E. March 10th, “two Shovel-
bill Wigeon (male and female).”

BIRDS NOT IDENTIFIED.

Barrels Rock Inght-ship—December 3rd, several flocks o
“Sea-Mice” going N.W. [Can hardly have meant Terns i
this instance.—R. M. B.]

Blacksod Point—May 11th, “I saw a strange bird on th
water about a month ago on a very stormy day. It was abou
the size of a Duck, nearly white, with oue large feather stickin
up out of its tail, the other colour was either grey or black.
[Probably Long-tailed Duck.—R. M. B.]

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Fastnet.—“ The Fastnet is a poor place for birds, about th
worst that I know of . . . very few ever strike the light.
—F. Ryan in lit. November 20th.

~

miei ti

8

tthientt

_

2 erdohs. tr ; :

i h atrylO ) p ; 5

Py wither) 1896 |
ele wlloH 12 . '
Reoeibed

‘eyros 7)
Thi)

Mitiiw ~
aa ;
92 tain)

1.
5.

498

List oF Licut STATIONS.

Fastnet, Cork,
Dungarvan, Waterford,

Pee eee eee eee eee

5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford,

6.

is

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do.,

Tuskar Rock, do.,

7b, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship, do.,

8.

Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow,

8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do.,

9@.Codling Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin,

12.

Rockabill, do.,

126.South Rock Lt.-ship, Down,...

15.

16.
21.
24.
27.
28.
29.
32.
36,
39,

Rathlin Island, Antrim,

Innishtrahull, Donegal,
Rathlin O’Birne, do.,
Broadhaven, Mayo,
Blackrock, do.,
Blacksod, do.,
Inishgort, do.,
Arran Island, N., Galway,

Samphire Island, Kerry,.........
Skelligs, Kerry,

In addition to the above, Old Head, Kinsale, sent a Turtle Dove ; and
Mine Head, a Water-Hen.

eS

5 2

Ga) 2h

° ~

z ge Remarks
Sata on
2&8 Schedules.
Bah

B &

34

mM

2 10 very good.
1 0 very good.
5 6 excellent.
2 0 very good.
3 20 very good.
3 9 very good.
3 5 very good.
3 0 very good.
3 0 very good.
1 3 good.

2 0 good.

1 2 good.

2 10 good.

3 12 very good.
1 0 poor.

1 3 poor.

1 0 poor.

1 3 good.

1 0 good.

3 0 very good.
1 0 good.

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Spring.

a Ole Pe) One SO) “Oe AS: pd

Autunin.

°

a a 2 a |

Legs, Wings, etc., received, 84.

o= No reply.

x = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Spring, replies received from 11 stations,

Autumn, replies received from 19 stations.

[1896

o

8

=

nm

2 Names of Observers.
~

3

5

8 E. Rohu.

— George Dunleavy.
A. B. Wall and J. W
Grant.
Henry Thompson an
Thos. Luccan.
7 4H. Kennedy.
Patrick Cullen, Dani
J
Luccan.

and Tho
7 E.BroadandN. Burdg
J. Beahan and

Dunn,

Stapleton.
7 W. Clydesdale and
“( Godkin.
5 H. Kelly.

3 John Kearon.
Joseph Higginbothe
and George Walsh

for)

George Gillespie.
2 John Kennedy.
— F. Ryan. ~

9 J. Corish.
Patrick Keenan,
Richard Hamilton.
9 J. ¥. Friel.
George Dunleavy.

9 Thomas King.

[19

Species.

B. Wall and J ied Flycatcher, .

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received.

Leg and wing,

”

How Procured.

Killed st.,? .

2

Wing, a
Legand wing, Killed st.,
Wing, . Prob, killed st.,
Ree’d. in flesh, Killed st.,

2
Leg and wing, Killed st.,

i Caught st., .
Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st.,
Leg and wing, 55
Ree’d. in flesh, i
Leg and wing, 2

= Killed st.,

Rec'd. in
flesh,
in spirits,
Ree’d. in flesh,
Leg and wing,
Legsand wings,
Ree’d. in flesh,

”

Leg and wing,

Le) L)
Dead on deck,

”
Killed st.,

I:
2
Killed st.,

ed

99

2
Dead on deck,

Date.

8/ 9 mo.,
2/11 mo.,
4/ 4 mo.,
29/10 mo.,
11/ 9 mo.,
b/aD mon,
7/10 mo.,
13/ 3 mo.,
7/ 9 mo.,
11/ 9 mo.,
5/ 5 mo.,
13/ 3 mo.,
4/ 4 mo.,
11/ 9 mo.,
25/10 mo.,
15/ 4 mo.,
17/ 4 mo.,
16/ 4 mo.,
8/ 9 mo.,

11/ 9 mo.,

8/ 8 mo.,
25/10 mo.,
8/ 9 mo.,
9/ 5 mo.,
7-8 /9 mo.,
25/10 mo.,
8/ 9 mo.,

Rec'd. in flesh, Picked updead, 8/12 mo.,
Found

e wounded, abi? WA.
Ree’d. in

flesh, Killed st., . 2/ 9mo.,
in spirits,

Leg and wing, nS 24/ 4 mo.,

~ . 16/ 4 mo.,

1 Killed st, =Killed striking lantern.

499

Name of Station.

Fastnet.
Tuskar,
Innishtrahull.
Tuskar.

”
Innishtrahull.
Rathlin O Birne.
Blackwater Bank Lt
Fastnet,

Tuskar.
Innishtrahull.
Tuskar.
Innishtrahull.
Tuskar.

” g
Blackwater Bank Lt.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

20 ?

Fastnet.

Tuskar.
be)
Fasinet.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

29 La!

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Fastnet Buildings.
Rockabill,

Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt. -

-sh.

-sh.

500

Species.

Willow Wren,

Chiffchaff,

Golden-crested
Wren,

Wren,

Titlark,

Ee)

Skylark,

Snow Bunting,

2) Pr)
33 ”

9) 39

Reed Bunting,

Yellow Bunting, .

Tree Sparrow,

Greenfinch, .
Twite, three,
Starling,
Wryneck,
Turtle Dove,
Corn-Crake,
Water- Rail,

9)

Water-Hen,

Ringed Plover,
Golden Plover,
Snipe,

Duniin,

Knot, .
Glaucous Gull,

ne Killed st., . 29/10 mo., Tuskar.
a = . 12/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Li.-
o Disabled st., 16/ 2mo., Arklow S, Lt.-ship.
Rece’d. in flesh, { Caught on \ { abee } Rockabitt
lantern, 20/ 2 mo.,
two, A Shot, . . 4/ 4mo., Innishtrahull.
Leg and wing, 2 4/ 4 mo., .
“3 Killed by cat, 28/ 9 mo., Blackrock, Mayo.

MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
_

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.

Leg and wing, Killed st., . 17/ 4 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-
3 Dead on deck, 8/ 9 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rec'd. in flesh, Killed st., . 5/ 5 mo., Innishtrahuil.

sa a3 . 11/ 9mo., Tuskar.
} “ Disabled st., 9/ 4 mo., Lnnishtrahull.
Leg and wing, a 4/ 4 mo., -
Fn Disabled st., 20/10 mo., Yuskar.
Be a 25/10 mo., me

ms Killed st., . 12/ 83 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt. -
= Disabled st., 5/11 mo., Fasénet.

=A Killed st., . 12/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Li.-
Ree’d. in flesh, Flewintokitchen, 23/11 mo., Tuskar.

een } 22/10 mo.

is i exhausted, ; rt
Legand wing, Killedst., . 23/12 mo., “fs ;
Ree’d. in flesh, 2 26/11 mo., Rathlin O Birne.
Leg and wing, Killedst., . 12/ 3mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.
Rece’d. in flesh, 5 . 5/ 9mo., Rockabill.

i Shot, . . 10/ 5mo., Old Head, Kinsale. —
Leg, ; ‘ 2 25/10 mo., Zuskar.
Rec’d. in flesh, Killed st., . 2/11 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship. —

5 Caught, . 29/ 4mo., Rathlin Island.

a Paes } 2/12 mo., Mine Head,

gas-yard,

Leg and wing, Found dead, 28/ 7 mo., Blackrock, Mayo.
Ree’d. inflesh, Shot, . . 12/10 mo., Rathlin O' Birne.

* ard atitee ot2lOmeact tae
Leg and wing, Disabled st., 5/11 mo., Fustnet.

Ree’d, in flesh, 2 9/ 9mo., Rathlin O’ Birne.

Leg and wing, Killed st., . 13/ 3 mo., Tuskar.

Ree’d. in flesh, Shot, . . 12/10 mo., Rathlin O’ Birne.
Ne Mee lice y

OF) 2? ~ y) 3/11 mo,, Le] a3

IRISH COAST 501 ‘

Lees, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

i How Received, How Procured. Date. Name of Station,
1 Gull, . Ree’d in flesh, Shot, . . 30/10 mo., Rathlin O’ Birne.
riled Petrel, Ks Caughtatlantern, 5/ 5 mo,, Fastnet.
Found un-
injured ©
i. near base} about } Blackrock, Mayo.
of light. 12/12 mo.,
house,
g-tailed Duck, By Shot, . . 16/10 mo., Rathlin O’Birne.
4 es — leg, a 18/ 1 mo., Znishgort.
and wing,
a es Ree’d. in flesh, a 25/ 1 mo., af
mon Scoter, . 2 Shet,) ©". 13/°2 mo., FF

502

Auk, Little,

Barred Warbler,
Birds not identified,
Blackbird, .
Blackcap, .
Brambling,
«¢ Bullfinch,”
Bunting, Reed, .

A Snow, .

~ Yellow,

Chaffinch, .
Chiffchaff, .
Chough,
Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,
Curlew,

Diver, Great Northern,
Duck, Long-tailed,

ag Ducks,” P

Dunlin,

Fieldfare, .
Flycatcher, Pied,
‘ Blycatchers,’

Gannet,
“Geese,” . :
General Observations,
Golden-crested Wren,
Goldfinch, . ;
Greenfinch,
Guillemot, .
Gull, Glaucous, -

,, Iceland,
“Gulls,”

‘* Hawks,”
Heron,

Jackdaw,

Kestrel,
Knot,

“¢ Linnets, ”

Magpie,
Manx Shear Wnten,
Martin, House, .

Nightjar,
Oyster-Catcher, -

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

INDEX.

534 | Peregrine Falcon,
510 Petrel, Fork-tailed,
538 >, storm,
Phalarope, Grey,
er ‘* Pigeons,” ;
517 Plover, Golden, .
519 » Green,
Ab ,, Ringed, -
514 Puffin, ;
515 | Raven,
515 Razorbill, .
511 Redstart, Black,
522 ms Common,
535 Redwing, -
526 Ring-Ouzel,
oe ous
525 Rook,
529 | «*Sand Larks,”’
534 Scoter, Common,
537 Sedge Warbler, .
538 Shag, .
529 Skylark, . -
Snipe, Common,
506 55 acs
5038 Sparrow-Hawk, ;
504 | Sparrow, Hedge,
$5 House,
585 i Tree,
536 | Starling,
538 | Stonechat, .
511 | Swallow,
518 “ce Swans,”
517 | Swift,
533
Bey | Tene.
531 | Thrush,
531 | Titlark,
Turnstone,
503 | Turtle Dove,
536 | ‘Twite,
se as Wagtails, ”
503 | Water-Hen,
529 | Water-Rail,
Wheatear, .
518 | Whimbrel,
523 | Whinchat,
532 Whitethroat,
524 Willow Wren.
| Woodcock,
52 | Wren,
528 | Wryneck, .

1896] IRISH COAST 503

PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

TInnishtrahull.—_March 26th, one “Falcon Hawk” at 8.45
A.M.; strong breeze N.W.

Skelligs—September 27th, four Peregrine Falcons on rock at
9 am.; gale N.W.

KestreL (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.),

Skelligs—September 26th, one on rock; strong breeze W.
December 8th, one; strong breeze W.

SPARROW-HAWK (Aceipiter nisus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 21st, one going N.E. at 4.50 a.M.;
rested ten minutes; calm. September 7th, one large Sparrow-
Hawk about ship from 7 aM. to 7.30 a.m.; flew N.W.; wind
light S.E.

Tuskar.—October 20th, one at 9 A.M. on rock; wind moderate
N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 21st, small “Sparrow-
Hawk” on ship’s deck for five hours; strong breeze N.,
clear. December 11th, one rested for some time.

Codling Bank Light-ship—October 4th and 5th, one about

ship; wind strong N.W.

Rockabill—_November 30th, two going W.; wind moderate
S., clear.

Innishtrahull.—June 28th, one on island.

Skelligs.—October 1st, one on rock; wind moderate 8.: 13th,

one; wind light E.

“ HAWKS.”
Arklow South Lnght-ship.—August 19th, one Hawk going

_N.W. at noon.

South Rock LInght-ship.—March 30th, one flying E., following

_Linnet; “suppose Hawk to have chased Linnet from the
land.” November 3rd, one flying S.W.
_ _Innishtrahull—March 4th, one all day; wind fresh 8.W.

:
c
i

Prep FLycaTcHER (Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn.).

Fastnet.—September 8th, three “Flycatchers”; two killed

_ Striking; one came into kitchen and remained catching flies ;

%

504 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
~

fresh breeze E., overcast, mist; and one small bird killed
striking ; leg and wing forwarded. [Legs and wings of one
Pied Flycatcher and two Whitethroats, all marked “cannot
say name,” received. |

“ FLYCATCHERS.”

Rockabill—September lst, six Flycatchers at light; two
killed; wind N.E., haze.

TurusH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-shyp.— February 14th, several, with Blackbirds,
about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind light N.W., gloomy.
March 13th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings about light —
from 1 A.M. to 5 A.M.; a very large number of each kind struck;
wind light S.W., rain: 14th, Thrushes and other birds about
light from 1 a.m. to 6 A.M; flew S.E. at 6 a.m; wind light N.E.
December 26th, several Starlings and Thrushes about light
from 6 P.M. to midnight ; wind moderate N.W.

Tuskar.—November 2nd, Starlings, Larks, Thrushes, and
Blackbirds round light at 2 am.; some killed and disabled;
gloomy—|[Leg and wing of Thrush received, killed striking]:
12th, Thrushes round light at 10 P.M.; some killed. December
13th, a few round light at 11 P.M.; some killed; rain.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship—January 7th, flocks, with Larks,
about light from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.; wind moderate N.E., gloomy:
11th, Thrushes about light from 8.30 P.M. to 10.30 P.M.; overcast.
February 6th, Starlings and Thrushes from 8.30 P.M. to 10.30
P.M.; overcast. March 11th, 12th, and 13th, Larks, Thrushes,
Starlings, and Blackbirds about light; some killed: 14th and
15th, several Thrushes about light: 18th, flock going N.W.:
19th, going W.: 24th, several about light. April 5th, flock
going N.; wind light N.W., clear. November 9th, two on deck
from 9 P.M. to 7.30 A.M.: 16th, Thrushes, with Starlings, about
light from 7 P.M. to midnight: 25th, with Starlings about light
from 6 P.M. to 8 pM. December 21st, a few about ship
at 11 aM.

Arklow South Lnght-ship.—March 11th, 12th, and 13th, birds
of various kinds about light during night, striking, some falling
overboard, others on deck; Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings,
and Larks noted; wind light N.E, heavy rain. April

1896) IRISH COAST 505

18th, Larks, Swallows, and Thrushes going N.W. at 5 aM.;
calm, hazy.

Arklow North Light-ship—December 29th, some Thrushes
and Starlings about light; wind moderate W.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—November 3rd, one at lantern;
wind moderate N.E., clear.

Rockabill—October 9th, three on rock; wind fresh S.W.
December 3rd, a few about light; one killed striking, with
one Blackbird, one Lark, and two Starlings; the only birds
killed striking at this station during October, November, and
December; wind fresh 8.W., misty.

South Rock Light-ship.—February 13th, several about lantern
at 1 aM. killed striking; great number during night, with
Larks, at lantern; wind light S., haze: 14th, flocks of Larks,
Thrushes, and Blackbirds about lantern; a great many killed
and falling overboard ; wind light N.W., clear: 17th, Larks and

_ Thrushes about light ; wind light S.W.

Innishtrahull—January 13th, flock on island; gale N.W.
[April 4th, Wing received.] August 8th, Thrushes and Black-
birds striking light at 11 P.M.; “ first arrival”; wind moderate N.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 5th to 18th, a few, with Black-
birds, Starlings, Green Linnets, and Chaffinches, visited rock ;
wind §.E., very cold.

Arran Island, N.—September 12th, flock of Starlings and
Thrushes all day; wind moderate S. October 20th, six or

seven going S.E.; wind light N. January 1st 1897, “Since
September, about six Starlings and nine or ten Thrushes have
frequented the island almost daily,”

REDWING (Turdus wacus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—October 16th, “Mountain Thrushes” all night;
several killed and disabled; gale N.E., gloomy—[ Possibly Red-
wings—R. M. B.]: 19th, some “Mountain Thrushes” killed ;
wind light N.W., rain.

_ Rockabill—October 17th, one Thrush (Redwing) on rock at
noon, with one Fieldfare, two Greenfinches, and seven Chaf-
finches; wind fresh N.W., clear.

_ LInnishtrahull—January 28th, three Redwing Thrushes all
; ‘day on island; strong breeze S.
2K

506 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
>

FIELDFARE (Zurdus pilaris, Linn.).

Rockabill_—October 17th, one, with one Redwing, two Green-
finches, and seven Chaffinches, on rock at noon; wind fresh
N.W., clear.

BLACKBIRD (Zurdus merula, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—February 14th, several, with Thrushes,
about light from 9 P.M. to midnight ; wind light N.W., gloomy.
March 13th, some, with Thrushes and Starlings, about light
from 1 A.M. to 5 A.M.; a very large number of each kind struck;
wind light §.W., rain: 14th, Blackbirds and other birds about
light from 1 AM. to 6 am.; flew S.E. at 6 am; wind light
N.E. October 13th, one female killed striking at 2 a.M.; wind
moderate N.E., clear: 22nd, one cock rested, chased by Gulls,
flew N.E.; wind moderate N.E.

Tuskar.—February 5th, a few in the night. March, some
killed striking. September 13th, Blackbirds all night; some
killed ; wind light E., gloomy. October 19th, several all night;
some killed; rain: 29th, some, with Starlings and Larks, all
night, striking on N.W. side of lantern; wind light N.W.,
gloomy—[Leg and wing of Blackbird received}: 31st, do,
striking on 8. side; strong breeze N.E., rain. November 2nd,
Blackbirds, with Starlings, Larks, and Thrushes, round light at
2 AM.; some birds killed and disabled; wind moderate N.,
gloomy. December 23rd, some round light all night; wind
moderate 8.W., showery.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 11th, 12th, and 13th,
Larks, Thrushes, Starlings, and Blackbirds about light eae
night, striking; some birds killed (see under Titlark, Skylark,
and Starling): 15th, several Blackbirds about light; cloudy:
24th, several do.; mist and fog.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 11th, 12th, and 13th
Blackbirds, with Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings, striking during
. night, falling overboard and on deck; heavy rain.

Arklow North Light-ship—December 23rd, Blackbird kille
and eaten by “ Royal Gull.”

Rockabill.—October 9th, two on rock, with a few Thrush
and Starlings. “Remain a day or two, and when leavin
generally go at night, so cannot tell direction taken.’

1896] IRISH COAST 507

December 3rd, four at light; one killed striking ; wind fresh
S.W., misty.

; South Rock Light-ship.—February 14th, flocks, with Thrushes,
_ete., about lantern; a great many killed and fell overboard ;
wind light N.W., clear.

Innishtrahull—August 8th, Thrushes and Blackbirds striking
at 11P.M.; “first arrival”; wind moderate N.

_ —Rathlin OBirne—October 24th, two all day; wind fresh
N.E.: 27th, to the present date the only bird killed striking
lantern here was one Blackbird.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 5th to 18th, some, with
Thrushes and other birds, visited rock during very cold
weather (see under Thrush).

Arran Island, N.—October 12th to 18th, two on island;
wind E.

RinG-OUZEL (Zurdus torquatus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—September 11th, “Ouzels” striking at 10 PM.;
several killed; also Stonechats, Warblers, and one Redstart ;
wind light S.E., fog. [October 12th, Wing of Ring-Ouzel
_ received, possibly killed on September 11th.]
Innishtrahull—May 5th, one killed striking at midnight;
_ with Willow Wren and Redstart ; fog. [Received in flesh. ]

HEDGE SPARROW (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

Rathlin O Birne.—[October 7th, Hedge Sparrow received in
flesh. ]

Rosin (Lrithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 13th, one Robin killed
striking; light breeze S.W., rain. [Leg and wing received.]

Common REDSTART (Ruticilla phenicurus, Linn.).

_ Fastnet.—September 7th, one caught at lantern at 11.30
"PM. ; fresh breeze E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Common
z Redstart received. ]

Ps Tuskar.—September 2nd, one on rock at 9 A.M., with nine
'Wagtails; wind light S., gloomy: 11th, “ Blackstart” killed at

508 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
:

10 p.M., with several “ Warblers,” “Stonechats,” and “ Ouzels”;
wind light S.E., fog. [Redstart received in flesh.]

sncssiriatiell —May 5th, one killed striking at midnight,
with Ring-Ouzel and Willow Wren; light breeze N., fog.
[Received in flesh.]

BLACK ReEpDsTART (fLuticilla titys, Scopoli).

Skelligs—October 3rd, one Black Redstart on rock; wind
moderate 8.: 4th, two; gale W.

StonEcHAT (Pratincola rubicola, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[March 13th, Leg and wing of Stonechat received,
killed striking.]| August Ist, two “ Stonechats” at 9 A.M.: 3rd.
one all day. [Possibly Whinchats (see under latter). ]

Rockabill—September 2nd, three “ Stonechats” at light about
1 AM.; wind light E., haze; remain.

a een _ al 4th, Leg and wine of Stonechat
received, killed striking. ]

Skelligs—November 12th, one on rock; light breeze S.; and
one striking glass about midnight.

Wauuncuat (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Tuskar.— August 8th, “one or two Whinchats” noted,
September 11th, several “Stonechats” killed striking ¢
10 p.M.; wind light S.E., fog. [Whinchat received in flesh. ]

WHEATEAR (Saxicola enanthe, Linn.).

Fastnet—September 6th, some Wheatears about lantern ¢
10.30 p.M.; one disabled; wind moderate E., gloomy.

Tuskar—April 8th, one. [October 25th, Leg and wing oi
Wheatear received. |

Blackwater Bank LInght-ship.— April 15th, Wheatears anc
* Sedge Warblers about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wine
moderate N.W., gloomy; ten killed — [Leg and wing
Wheatear received]: 16th, Wheatears and Sedge Warblers
from midnight to 4 a.m.; four killed; wind moderate N.W.
gloomy: 17th, Wheatears and Sedge Warblers from 11 P.M
to midnight; six killed; light breeze N.W., gloomy—(Leg ane

1896] IRISH COAST 509

wing of Wheatear received]: 18th, Wheatears, Sedge Warblers,
and two Swallows about light from midnight to 4 a.m; light
~ breeze N.W., gloomy; three killed.
i. Arklow South Light-ship.—April 16th, Leg and wing of
_ Wheatear received ; found dead on deck.] [September 8th,
ti Leg and wing fe aac} found dead on deck. |]
—— Lnnashtrahull. ees 21st, fourteen all day on island ; wind
light S.E.: 25th, large numbers all day on island; wind
moderate S.W. April 11th, four struck glass at 2.30 a.M.;
~ wind light W., rain.
_ Samphire Island.—July 19th, two; wind fresh 8.W.; “the
first I have observed.” ,
Skelligs—September 24th, one on rock; two disabled striking
at 10 p.m.; fresh breeze N.W.

e | yo

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Fastnet.— September 11th, one small bird killed striking;
wind moderate 8.W., gloomy. [Sedge Warbler received in
flesh. |

Tuskar—August 8th, “one or two of the enclosed Warblers
are about rock these last few days, one of them of a very light

_colour”—[Sedge Warbler received in flesh]. [October 25th,
Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler received. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—May 5th, one killed striking ;
— light breeze N.W., gloomy (see under Willow Wren).

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

_ Fasinet.—September 8th, three “Flycatchers”; two killed
striking. One came into kitchen and remained catching flies ;
fresh breeze E., mist; and one small bird killed strikine—leg
and wing forwarded. [Legs and wings of one Pied Flycatcher
and two Whitethroats, all marked “cannot say name,”
received. |
Coningbey Light-ship—May 9th, a small bird caught on deck
at 8 AMm.; died—[Whitethroat received in flesh]. September
¢ 7th, everal small birds about light from 2 A.M. to 5 A.M.; wind
pete S.E., haze; three killed striking ; and several aliviit light
- on following eiaic from 12.30 A.M. to i A.M.; two killed. [Four
Bei itetnronrs received in flesh. ]

510 MIGRATION OF = ee [1896

Tuskar. — [October 25th, Leg and wing of Whitethroat
received. |
Arklow South Light-ship.—t{September 8th, Leg and wing of
Whitethroat received; found dead on deck. ]

BuackcaP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

Fastnet—December 12th, “I send a little bird picked up
dead on mainland on the 8th inst., near the residence of a
Dr Brideoake. A small patch of wood surrounds his house ;
there are very few patches of wood in this locality—EDWARD
Rouv.” [Male Blackcap received in flesh. ]

BARRED WARBLER (Sylvia nisoria, Bechst.).

Rockabill—September 25th, unknown bird forwarded, found
on rock wounded at 10 a.m.; gale N., clear. [Barred Warbler
received in flesh.]

WILLOW WREN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Fastnet—September 2nd, one found killed; wind light S.E.,
gloomy. [Received in flesh in spirits. ]

Tuskar. — [April 24th, Leg and wing of Willow Wren
received, killed striking. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 15th, 16th, 17th, and
18th, Wheatears and “Sedge Warblers” about light each night ;
twenty-three birds killed striking; wind light to moderate
N.W., gloomy — {Legs and wings of two Willow Wrens
received, killed striking, April 16th and 17th]. May 5th,
one “Sedge Warbler” killed striking; light breeze N.W.
gloomy. [Possibly Willow Wren.]

Arklow South Light-ship.—t|[September 8th, Leg and wing o
Willow Wren received ; found dead on deck. ]

Arklow North Light-ship.— April 15th, one “ Sallypicker’
killed striking — [Possibly Willow Wren]: 17th, several
. “Sallypickers” about light; two killed striking; six caught;
calm, haze. May 9th, one “Sallypicker” on board for si
hours ; wind light N.E., hazy.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 16th and 17th, several sm
birds about light; some killed and fell overboard: 18th, two
“Willow Warblers” on ship during day. .

1896] ate IRISH COAST 511

>

Tnnishtrahull—May 5th, one killed striking at midnight
with Ring-Ouzel and Redstart. [Received in flesh.]

CulrrcHarr (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).
Tuskar,— [September 11th, Chiffchaff received in flesh,
killed striking. ]
South Rock Light-ship.— March 25th, one “Sallypicker”
about deck at 9 a.M.; wind light, haze. [Probably Chiffchaff.]

GJOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Ltegulus cristatus, Koch).

T—_— as. =

Lockabill.—October 3rd, two on rock at 10 A.m.; light breeze
S., clear.

LInmishtrahull.—April 9th, two disabled striking at midnight ;
_ strong breeze W. [One received in flesh. ]

WREN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Tuskar.—October 20th, Common Wren on rock at 9 A.M.;
_ wind fresh N.E., clear.
_ Arklow South Light-ship—April 18th, one Wren found in
the lantern at 5.20 A.m.; calm, hazy; let it go, and it flew N.
Rockabill—September 10th, two on rock; wind moderate S.,
clear. November 5th, two on rock; wind light N.
Innishtrahull.—[ April 4th, Leg and wing received. ]

WAGTAILS.”

Fastnet.—September 6th, one Pied Wagtail about lantern at
10.30 p.M.; wind moderate E., gloomy.

Coningbeg Light-ship—September 9th, one Water-Wagtail
about ship at 10 a.M.; wind light 8.W., fog; flew N.E.
_ Tuskar.—September 2nd, nine Wagtails on rock at 9 A.M. ;
_ wind light S., gloomy.
_ Arklow South Light-ship—May 5th, one Wagtail rested on
ship at 11 a.M. going N.; calm.
— Codling Bank Lnght-ship—September 7th, Wagtail going
N.W.; light breeze E., haze.
_ South Rock Light-ship.— September 4th, one “Willie
: Wagtail” going W. at 9 A.M.; wind light S.E.: 12th, several
_ “Willies” going N.W. during day; fresh breeze S.E.

512 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896

;
Samphire Island.—August 2nd, two at 5 AM.; calm; and
flock of six at 10 A.M.
Skelligs—November 7th, one Pied Wagtail on rock; wind
moderate W.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 10th, one on deck caught;
wind light 8.W. May 11th, one about ship; flew N.E.

Tuskar.—September 15th, several all day on rock; wind
light E., gloomy. October 20th, some at 9 a.M.; wind fresh
N.E. [Leg and wing of one received, disabled striking]: [25th,
Leg and wing of Titlark received].

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship.—[ March 12th, Leg and wing of
Titlark received, killed striking. ]

South Rock Light-ship—September 6th, two going N.E.:
7th, several about light at 10 p.m.: 13th, several going N.W.;
wind light S.E.: 14th, a number of Swallows and Titlarks going
W.; fresh breeze 8.W., rain: 15th, several: and 19th, one
going W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November, Titlarks observed every day.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 5th, one Lark disabled striking at 2 A.M.;
wind light E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Skylark received. |

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 13th, two about light: 14th,
some do. April 8th, one killed striking at 2 a.M.; wind light
N.W., gloomy. October 28th, two rested ; flew N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 20th, ten large flocks at
8 A.M. going N.; wind moderate N.W., clear.

Tuskar.—March, some killed. October 19th, flocks going
N.W. at 10 am.; wind N.W.: 23rd, flock going N.W.; wind
light N.W.: 27th, some on rock at 8 A.M.: 29th, Starlings,
Blackbirds, and Larks all night, striking on N.W. side of
lantern ; light breeze N.W., gloomy—[Leg and wing of Lark
received, killed striking]: 31st, do., striking on 8. side; strong
breeze N.E., rain.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— January 7th, Thrushes and
Larks about light. March 7th, flock of Larks going N.W. at
6.30 aM.; wind light W.: 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th,
Larks, with Thrushes and other birds, about light at night;

=

1896] _ IRISH COAST 513

gloomy weather ; some birds killed striking—[Leg and wing of
Lark received, killed striking March 12th]: 24th, Larks, with
Starlings and other birds, about light; wind light E., mist.
July 6th, four Larks about light at midnight; light breeze
S.W., rain. November 27th, flocks going N.W.; wind fresh E.
Arklow South Light-ship.—January 6th, one rested on ship:
26th, one going E. February 14th, a few about light: 15th,

- one rested on ship: 16th, one disabled striking at 10 p.m. [Leg

and wing received]: 17th, Larks about light; wind light §.,

| gloomy. March 11th, 12th, and 13th, Larks, with Thrushes,

Blackbirds, and Starlings, striking during night, falling over-
board and on deck; heavy rain. April 18th, Larks, Swallows,

and Thrushes going N.W. at 5 a..; calm, hazy. September

4th and 5th, a few Larks about light during night and morning;
wind light N.E., haze: 28th, two going N. October 9th, one
going N.W.; rested on ship: 20th; several flocks of Larks and
“G, Linnets” all day going N.; a very few about the light at
night; wind N.E., clear: 23rd, flocks of Larks and Linnets
going N. during day; wind strong W., sleet. November 17th,
flock of Larks going N.W. December 27th, a few about light
from 8 P.M. to midnight.

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 24th and 25th, a few
flocks, apparently Larks, going N.W.; wind fresh N.: 27th, a
large quantity of do.; some Chaffinches on board during day :
dist, several do. during day; three Chaffinches lit on board.
November 6th, a Starling, a Lark, and a Chaffinch on board ;
wind light: 7th, two Larks going N.W. at noon; one killed by

Sea Gull: 25th, one on board. December 17th, flocks of Larks

and Grey Linnets going N.W.; wind N.W.: 26th, several flocks
of Larks going N.W.; fresh breeze S.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—February 12th and 13th, one on
ship. March 9th, three going S.: 11th, one “Ground Lark ”
about ship: 14th, two Skylarks lit on ship: 17th, one going W.:
21st, one “Ground Lark” going N.W.: 30th, one “Ground
Lark” about ship; flew W. July 19th, one Lark going N.W.
September 7th, four on ship. October Ist, flock going S.W.:
8rd, flocks going W.; light breeze S.W.: 7th, one going W.:

10th, flocks going W.; strong breeze N.E.: 11th, great flocks of |

Larks and Chaftinches going W. from 9 a.m. to 11 a.M.; strong
breeze N.E., hail: 13th, flocks of Larks and Chaffinches going

{

514 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896

>.

W. from 9,30 a.m. to 11.30 A.m.; one Lark killed; wind N.E.:
15th and 16th, flocks of Larks going W.: 17th, great flocks
going N.W.: 19th, great flocks, going “variously”; strong wind
N.E.: 21st, flocks: 22nd, numbers of Chaffinches and Larks
going W. November 4th, several flocks of Larks going W. all
day; wind variable: 17th, flock going W.: 29th, one striking ;
fell overboard.

Rockabill— October 6th, six going N.W. November 25th,
four on rock. December 3rd, two Starlings, one Blackbird, one
Thrush, and one Skylark killed striking. With these excep-
tions, there were “no birds killed striking during October,
November, and December.”

South Rock Lnght-ship.—January 3rd, two about light; one
killed striking: 7th, five about ship. February 5th and 12th,
several about lantern: 13th, ‘‘a lot of Larks, Thrushes, etc., about
lantern”; wind light 8., haze: 14th, several going W.; flocks of
Larks, Thrushes, and Blackbirds during night about lantern ;
a great many killed and falling overboard; wind light N.W.,
clear: 15th,a few going N.W. by day; wind light N.W., fog:
16th and 17th, some at light: 19th, a few do. November
4th, 5th, and 6th, several during day, generally going N.W.:
9th, two going N.W.: 11th, two going N.W.: 15th and 14th,
several about light: 16th, flock going N.W.: 17th, Larks and
Chaffinches going N.W. during day; wind moderate 8.W.: 22nd
some about light: 24th, four going N.W.

Innishtrahull.—February 29th, flock on island all day; wind
light S.W. August 27th, flocks on island all day; wind light
ON

Rathlin. O Bwrne.—October 14th, large numbers of Skylarks |
all day going S.; moderate breeze N.E., clear: 22nd, twelve
going W.: 29th, ten going N.; wind fresh N.E.

Samphire Island.—March 6th, one in coal-house, very ex-_
hausted; caught by children; gale N.W.

Snow Buntine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Rockabill [February 27th, Snow Bunting received in flesh ;
“caught on lantern about a week ago.”] October 29th, two
on rock; fresh breeze N.E.

Innishtrahull.—{[April 4th, two received in flesh; shot. Same

1896] _ IRISH COAST 515

; date, Leg and wing received. “The last on the island; none
_ ever remain later than the end of April.’”]

Rathlin O’ Birne.—October 4th, two on island all day ; “ young

birds”; strong breeze 8.W.: 19th, ten all day; great gale N.:
23rd, eleven going N. November 14th, six going E.; wind

moderate §.
Broadhaven.—October 12th, two flocks near station.
Blackrock, Mayo.—September 28th, one “killed by a cat” ;

found dead; fog—[Leg and wing received]. November 8th,

Snow Bunting observed, remaining.
Skelligs—November 16th, three on rock; wind light N.:
27th, two.

REED BunTInG (Lmberiza scheniclus, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—t{ March 12th, Leg and wing of

Reed Bunting received, killed striking.]

YELLOW BuntTiIne (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 8th, one rested at 10.30 A.M. ;
flew N.E.; wind moderate N.E., clear. February 8th, two going

__N.E.; wind moderate S.W.

,
J
3
f
-
en
1
¥
io

Tuskar.—November 23rd, one flew into kitchen at noon; wind
fresh N.E. [Received in flesh. ]

Rockabill.— November 5th, one on rock; light breeze N.
December 10th, two; strong breeze 8.

Inmshtrahull—April 6th, four on island all day; gale W.
August 2nd, three do.; wind light N.

CHAFFINCH.(Fringilla celebs, Linn.).

Fastnet. — November 5th, numbers, with Starlings, about
lantern ; wind light E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—February 11th, two going N.E.; fog.
March 10th, one about ship: 11th, one do.; went N.E.: 14th,
two do.; went N.E. April 19th, one rested; went N.E. May

5th, one on deck; went N.E.: 17th, two going N.E. September

7th, four about ship at 8 A.M., and one on deck in the evening;
flew N.E. October 13th, one about ship; flew N.W.: 22nd, two
do.; flew N.W.: 23rd, one, and 27th, three rested: 28th, one hen

516 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
>

Chaffinch about ship; flew N.W. November 1st, one Chaffinch
about ship: 4th, five rested; flew N.E. December 18th, one
about ship; flew N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 20th, two at 4 P.M. going —
N.; rested on board all night; wind moderate N.W.: 21st,
several, with Green and Grey Linnets, going N.W. at 7.30
AM.; rested on board for three hours and went for the land;
wind fresh N., hail: 22nd, four going N.W.

Tuskar.—October 20th, Chaffinches round light at 10 P.m.;
one killed; wind fresh N.E., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—F¥ebruary 13th, flock going
N.W. November 3rd, one on deck; went N.W. December
11th, two about ship.

Arklow South Light-ship—October 17th and 19th, great
rushes of small birds all day going N.; a very few about the
light, none struck; a few Chaffinches rested on ship and flew
N.; wind moderate N.: 25th, four on ship.

Arklow North Light-ship—October 27th, some on board
during day: 30th and 31st, flocks of small birds; three Chaf-
finches on board on 31st. November 3rd, a few going N.; two
on board: 5th, one on board all night: 6th, one all day.
December 14th, three on deck.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—February 13th, four gomg W.
October 11th, great flocks of Larks and Chaffinches going N.W.; —
strong breeze N.E., hail: 12th and 13th, flocks of Chaffinches —
going N.W.; strong breeze N.E., hail: 17th, many going N.W.;
wind moderate N.: 19th, some noted: 20th, Chaffinches
and “Bullfinches” on ship; wind fresh N.E., showers: 21st,
Chaffinches going N.W., wind moderate N.: 22nd and 23rd,
numbers going N7W.; wind fresh N.E.: 27th, three on ship:
29th, one do. November 2nd, a flock going N.: Sth, a flock
going N.W.: 10th, some round light, struck and fell overboard ;
wind light W., clear: 14th, flock going W.; gale S.W., thick
rain: 20th, some going W.: 25th, one going W.

Rockabill—September 30th, five on rock. October 17th,
seven, with two Greenfinches, a Redwine, and a Fieldfare;
wind fresh N.W., clear: 24th, four on rock. December 24th,
six do.

South Rock Light-ship—February 18th, several on deck;
wind light S. November 2nd, one going W.: 12th, one going

— 1896] IRISH COAST 517

N.W.: 17th, several going N.W. during day; wind light S.W.:
26th, one going N.W.

Innishtrahull.—February 10th, four on island ; strong breeze
N.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November 5th to 18th, Starlings, Green
Linnets, Chaffinches, a few Thrushes, and Blackbirds visited
rock; wind generally E. to S., very cold.

Skelligs—September 20th, six on rock; light breeze N.:
22nd, three; gale S. :

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.).

Inmshtrahull—F ebruary 4th, two flocks of Brambling all day
on island; wind moderate 8.W. March 18th, eight all day;
wind strong W.

TREE SPARROW (Passer montanus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—October 22nd, Tree Sparrow caught exhausted on
rock at 5 P.M., came from S.E.; strong breeze N. [Received in
flesh. ]

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—October 22nd, one killed striking.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 8th, one at 10.45 a.m, was
about ship for a couple of hours, going N.W.; wind light N.E.,
haze.

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship—October 21st, some Green and
Grey Linnets, with Chaffinches, at 7.30 a.m., rested on board
for three hours, and went N.W. for the land; fresh breeze
N., hail.

Tuskar.— December 23rd, Green Linnet killed at light;
moderate breeze S.W., showery. [Leg and wing received. |

Arklow North Light-ship—May 30th, one “Green Linnet ”
on deck during forenoon.

Rockabill.— October 17th, two, with’ some Chaffinches and a
Redwing and Fieldfare, on rock. December 30th, two on rock ;
wind 8.W., strong.

South Rock Light-ship—September 8th, one Green Linnet
going N.W.; wind light E., haze.

.

518 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
~

Blackrock, Mayo—November 5th to 18th, Green Linnets,
with other birds, visited rock; wind E. to S., very cold (see
under Chaffinch).

GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Steph.).

Fastnet—November 4th, one caught in kitchen; wind light
_ E., gloomy.

Samphire Island —January 3rd, “three Goldfinches and six
Grey Linnets” going N.E.; wind moderate E. July 17th, one
in garden.

“ LINNETS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 18th, two “Grey Linnets” going
N.E. at 11 a.m. September 6th, two “Linnets” going N.E.:
18th, three do. going 8.W.: 20th, seven “Linnets” going W.:
30th, one flying N.W. October 3rd, flock flymg N.W.: 15th,
two rested on ship and flew N.W.: 21st, large flock flying N.;
wind light N.E.: 22nd, large flock flying N.: 23rd and 27th, a
flock flying N. November 9th, large flock flying N.W.; wind
light N.E. December 19th, one rested ; flew N.W.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.— October 21st, Green and Grey
Linnets, with Chaffinches, at 7.30 A.M., rested on board for three
hours, and went N.W. for the land.

Tuskar.— October 19th, flocks of “ Grey Linnets” going N.W.:
23rd, flocks of “ Linnets and Twites”” going N.W.: 27th, “ Grey
Linnets ” and Larks on rock at 8 A.M. .

Arklow South Light-ship—October 20th, several flocks “G.
Linnets” all day going N.; a very few about the light at night;
wind N.E.: 23rd, flocks going N. during day; sleet: 31st, small
flocks going N.; fresh breeze N. November 17th, four going
S.W.

Arklow North Light-ship.—December 9th, flocks Grey Linnets
going N.W.; strong breeze N.W.: 17th, flocks going N.W.;
moderate breeze N.W.: 20th, some going N.W.: 30th, flocks
going N.W.; gale S.W., rain.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 28th, three going N.E.

South Rock Light-ship—March 22nd, several going W.:
30th, one flying E., followed by Hawk; “suppose Hawk to
have chased Linnet from the land”; wind light S.E., clear.

Blacksod Point.—October, Linnets going N.

a

‘

1896] ‘IRISH COAST 519

Samphire Island.—January 3rd, six going N.E.: 19th, two on
island: 20th, six do. February 16th, two.

TwItE (Linota flavirostris, Linn.).

Rathlin O' Birne.—October 20th and 23rd, about twenty going
N. each day; wind light N.E., clear: 26th, fifty going E.; wind
moderate N.E.: 27th, thirty going E.; one killed (? striking) ;
wind fresh N.E., clear. November 5th, thirty all day; wind
light N.: 10th and 12th, forty all day: [26th, one male and
two female Twites received in flesh].

“ BULLFINCH.”

Codling Bank Inght-ship.—October 20th, Chaffinches and
“ Bullfinches” on ship during day ; fresh breeze N.W.

Innishtrahull.—March 16th, one ‘“Bullfinch” on island; wind
moderate W,

STARLING (Stwrnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 5th, numbers about lantern ; wind light
E., gloomy.
Dungarvan.—November 19th, large flocks about all day;
wind fresh S.W., gloomy. December Ist, large flock do. ;
gale S.E.: 4th, hundreds feeding at 9 a.M.; fresh breeze N.E.:
17th, large flock: 22nd, several flocks all day: 28th, great
numbers all day about station.
Coningbeg Light-ship—March 10th, one killed striking at
11 p.M.; wind light S.W.: 12th, large number about light from
_ 1.30 Am. to 6 AM; twelve killed striking; wind light N.E.,
_ vain: 13th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings about light
_ from 1 A.M. to 5 A.M.; a very large number of each kind struck ;
_ wind light S.W., rain: 14th, Starlings about light; wind
light N.E. September 6th, two going N.E. October 13th, a
flock going N.: 14th, do. N.W.: 15th, three do. N.W.: 16th,
- one killed striking at 2 a.m.: 17th, flock going N.W.: 19th,
_ two flocks going N.: 21st and 27th, a flock going N.; wind
generally N.E.: 28th, a flock flying N.E.: 29th, a flock flying
_ N.: 30th, one about ship; flew N.; chased by Gulls.
_ November 3rd, one about ship; flew N.: 9th, flock going

N.W.: 17th, several about light; fog: 25th, one about ship:

520 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896 a
~

26th, several about light from 6 P.M. to midnight; gloomy:
27th, several about light from 5.30 p.m. to 11.30 p.m. ; gloomy:
30th, six about light. December 1st, flock going N.E.: 9th,
several about light from 5 pM. to 5 AM.; some killed, fell
overboard; strong gale N.E., rain: 18th, two about ship; went
N.W.: 19th, three about ship; went N.W.: 26th, several, with
Thrushes, about light from 6 P.M. to midnight; wind moderate —
N.W., rain.
Barrels Rock Light-ship.—October 20th, large flock going N.
Tuskar.—March, some killed striking. October 19th, flocks
going N.W.: 20th, some going N.W. at 10 pm.; fresh breeze
N.E., clear: 23rd, some going N.W.: 29th, Starlings, Blackbirds, F
and Larks all night, striking on N.W. side of lantern; wind
light N.W., gloomy: 31st, do., striking on 8. side; strong
breeze N.E., rain. November 2nd, Starlings and other birds ©
round light at 2 am.; gloomy; some killed and disabled.
December 13th, flocks going N.W.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship-—January 26th, some about —
light from 9 pM. to 11 p.m.; fresh breeze S.W., drizzling rain. —
February 6th, Starlings and. Thrushes about light; wind ,
moderate 8.W., gloomy: 9th, Starlings about light from 9 P.M. —
to 10 p.M.; moderate breeze S.W. March 11th, 12th, 13th, and .
14th, some, with Thrushes and other birds, about light each —
night—[12th, Leg and wing of Starling received, killed striking]: 2
19th, Thrushes and Starlings going W.: 24th, several Starlings,
Thrushes, Larks, and Blackbirds about light; wind E., fog:
30th, Starlings about light; wind S.W., gloomy. October 23rd,
some about light from 9 p.m. to 11 P.M.; wind fresh S.W.:
25th, about light from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.; wind fresh N.W.
November 16th, some, with Thrushes, about light from 7.30
p.m. to midnight; wind light N.E.: 22nd, flocks going N.W.:
25th, about light from 6 P.M..to 8 p.M.; wind light E., gloomy :
26th, flock going N.W. December 13th, a few about light:
20th and 24th, flocks going N.W.
_ Arklow South Light-ship.— March 11th, 12th, and 13th,
Starlings, with Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks striking
during night, falling overboard and on deck; heavy rain.
October 21st, large flocks of Starlings during day going N.;
wind N.E., showery: 22nd, flocks during day going N.; wind
fresh N.E., sleet: 23rd, flocks of Starlings, Larks, and Linnets

q

1896] ‘TRISH COAST 521

going N.; wind strong S.W., sleet: 31st, flocks of Starlings

_ going N.; wind fresh N. November 16th, one flock going N.E.

December 15th, a few flocks going N.: 18th and 19th, large
flocks going N.W.; wind fresh N.E., sleet.

Arklow North Light-ship—November 3rd, a few going N.:

_ 5th, some at night: 25th, a few, with other birds, about light.

December 1st, two about light: 9th, flocks of Starlings and

Grey Linnets going N.W. during day; strong breeze N.W.:

10th, flocks of Starlings and Lapwings going N.W.; strong

breeze S., haze: 14th, two on deck: 29th, several about light :

31st, flocks going N.E. during day; fresh breeze S.W.

Codling Bank Light-ship—February 3rd, one at light: 6th,

one on ship. March 13th, three caught at lantern at 10 P.M.:

15th, one about ship. October 7th, four on ship: 12th, some

do.: 16th, one killed striking; strong breeze N.E.: 19th, great
flocks going W.; strong breeze N.E., showers: 20th, some on
ship during day: 23rd, numbers of Starlings and Chaffinches
going N.W.; light breeze N.W., showers: 26th and 27th, flocks
going N.W.; wind N.W. November 14th, several flocks going
W.; gale S.W., thick rain: 26th, three going N.W.: 28th, one
going N.W. December 29th, flock going N.W.
Rockabill.—October 9th, eight on rock: 24th, twelve do. ;
fresh breeze S.W. November 21st, four. December 3rd, five
at light; two killed striking
South Rock Light-ship—March 12th, one at light; wind
light E.
| Inmishtrahull__Tanuary 21st, nine on island all day; wind
_ moderate S.E.
| Rathlin O Birne.—October 23rd, very large flock of Starlings
going 8.; wind fresh N.E.: 31st, three very large flocks going E.
between 9 a.M. and 11 AM.; “these were the largest flocks I
ever saw; I should say about two thousand were in one flock, it
was like a cloud”; wind fresh N.E., clear. November 30th,
about forty Starlings going W.; wind strong E., clear.
Blackrock, Mayo.—November 5th, some visited rock, remaining
until the 18th; very cold wind S.E.

Blacksod Point.—October, Starlings going N.

Arran Island, N.—September 10th, flock going S., and at
night two struck lantern: 12th, flock all day: 22nd, flock going
S.; gale W. October 4th, flock going do.; gale W.: 30th, large

21

Peete eee ee

522 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896

flock all day. January Ist, 1897, “since September a few
(about six) Starlings have frequented the island almost daily.”

Samphire Island—January 1st, six going N.E.: 7th, two on
island: 19th, three. February 29th, a large flock; gale N.W.
March 3rd, large numbers all day; strong gale N.W., hail: 12th,
some about light; four struck; wind fresh N.W.

Skelligs—September 30th, one at 2 AM. on lantern sash;
seven on rock; wind light E. October 20th, large flock on
rock; wind light N. December 18th, large numbers on rock ;
wind light N.

CHOUGH (Pyrrhocoraa: graculus, Linn.).

Arklow North Light-ship—June 10th, two “ Jackdaws (red-
legged)” going N.W. at 8.30 a.M.; moderate breeze N.E., light
haze.

Skelligs—September 23rd, five on rock; strong breeze N.W.
October 29th, six. December 11th, six.

Raven (Corvus corax, Linn.). -

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 18th, one going N.E. at
4.15 P.M.; wind moderate, clear.

Arran Island, N.—September to December, “one Raven,
never leaves island.”

Skelligs.—October 6th, two on rock; wind moderate N.W.

HoopEeD Crow (Corvus coriix, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.September, two Grey-backed Crows

Samphire Island—July 11th, one “Carrion or Hooded Crow”
going 8.W.

Skelligs—December 23rd, two on rock.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

. Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 19th, two “Crows” passing at
7.30 a.M.; wind light N.E.

Tuskar—October 22nd, “Crows” going N.W. at 9 AM.
November 12th, going N.W. at 10 aM.

Arklow South Light-ship—May 27th, two “Crows” going
N.W.; wind moderate N.E.

‘ae

eee eee Se ee ee

=
a a foe

4 "IRISH COAST 523

; Codling Bank Light-ship—March 22nd, one going N., making
_ a great noise; calm. April 3rd, 7th, and 27th, one “Crow”
going N.W. October 17th, great flocks of “Crows” going N.W.
from 9 A.M. to 10 a.M.; wind moderate N., showers.

Rockabill.— November 21st, one going N.W. at noon.

Innishtrahull—March 24th, flock going S. at 10.30 a.m;
light breeze S.W.

Arran Island, N—September to December, two “ Crows”
frequent the island. .

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Skelligs—September 29th, large numbers going E.; wind
strong S.W.

MacpPIiE (Pica rustica, Scop.).

Skelligs—October 25th, one Magpie on rock at 2 P.M.; wind
fresh N.W.

SwALLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.)

Coningbeg Light-ship.—April 30th, one going N.E. May 1st,
several do.; wind light N.E.: 5th and 6th, one going N.E.: 9th,
several going N.E.; wind light N.E.: 10th, several going N.E.,
and flying round ship: 11th, four going N.E.; wind light N.E. :
13th, four going N.E.: 22nd, two going N.E. June 14th, five
going N.E. August 26th, one going N. September 1st, two
going N.W.: 3rd, two going N.E.: 6th, three going N.E.: 7th,
large flock going 8.; wind light S.H.: 19th, several going 8.W.;
fresh breeze N.W.: 20th, six going 8.W.: 24th, four about

_ ship: 27th, one, and 28th, two, rested and flew S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 10th, several going N.W.;
_ wind light N.E.

‘ Tuskar.— March 31st, Swallow noted “coming across.”
_ September 13th, some all day going S.E.; light breeze E.,,
gloomy: 20th and 21st, some going S.E.: 27th, some going N.W.;
; light breeze E., clear. October 12th, some going N.W. at noon ;
fresh breeze N.W., clear: 14th, some all day going N.W.; fresh

breeze N., gloomy.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— April 13th, one at 11 AM.

going N.W.; wind light N.W., clear: 18th, two, with Wheatears

-

524 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896

and Sedge Warblers, about light between midnight and 4 A.M.
May 14th, two going W.: 17th, one noted: 24th, two.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 18th, Swallows noted going
N.W. at 5 aM.; calm, hazy: 20th, odd Swallows going N.W. all

day; calm, clear: 24th and 25th, several going N.W.; wind —

light, variable. May 8th, 23rd, 24th, and 29th, a few going
N.W. June 2nd, one about ship. July 1st, three going S. at
8.30 am. August 11th, 13th, 17th, 18th, 23rd, and 30th, a few
noted each day going $.E.; wind N.W. to S.W. September
14th, 19th, and 28th, a few noted. October 9th, one going
S.W.; gale 8.W., clear.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 19th, two in afternoon;
calm: 20th, four do.: 28th, about twelve going N.W. May 8th,
three going N.W. at sunset: 9th, two about ship: 14th, several
going N.W.: 24th, some going N.W.: 25th, several going N.E.
during forenoon. June 2nd, three going N.W.: 3rd, five noted.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— March 30th, one going N. at 9 A.M;

wind light S.E., clear; “the first seen this year.” April 19th, |

several: 20th, two: 21st, one: 26th, lots of Swallows: 30th,
one. May ‘7th, one: 9th, several large Swallows [Possibly
Swifts—R. M. B.]: 10th, 11th, 23rd, and 26th, some noted.
June 2nd, 8th, and 26th, one. September 20th, two going
N.W. October ist, several going S.W.; fresh breeze N.W.,
clear: 3rd, several going W.; light breeze S.W., clear.

Rockabill.—September 6th, four on rock at 2 P.M.

South Rock Lnght-ship—September 14th, a number going
W.; wind fresh S.W., rain: 16th, one going W.

Samphire Island.—May 18th, eight at 9.30 4.M.; “first seen
this season”; strong breeze N.W., shower: 21st, 22nd, and
30th, and June 12th, Swallows noted.

House Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 12th, two Martins going N.E.:
14th, five round ship at 4 A.M.; went N.E. June 24th, three
about ship at 7 p.M.; flew N.W.

|

Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 11th, three House Martins —

going N.W. at 7 p.M.; wind moderate N.E.: 13th, one going ~

N.W.: 19th and 23rd, four going N. at 7.30 p.m. June Ist,
two small flocks going N.W.; wind light N.E., clear.

— 1896] "TRISH COAST 525

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).
_ Codling Bank Light-ship—May 9th, several large Swallows
going N. all day [Possibly Swifts—R. M. B.]; wind N.E., hazy.
Samphire Island—May 16th, six at noon; “first seen this
season”; calm, clear.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus ewropeus, Linn.).

Samphire Island.— April 16th, a Goatsucker flying about
island at 7 P.M.; gale W., clear.

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—May 1st, one going 8.W. at 12.30 P.M.
flying close by ship; calm.

Wryneck (Lyne torquilla, Linn.).

Rockabill—September 5th, strange bird killed striking at
1 AM.; wind moderate E., hazy. [Wryneck received in flesh.]

TuRTLE Dove (Turtur communis, Selby).

Fastnet.— September 28th, two Turtle Doves about rock
during day; wind strong E.
| Old Head, Kinsale—May 10th, Turtle Dove shot. [Received
in flesh. ]

“ PIGEONS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—May ‘th, two Pigeons going N.E. at
1.30 p.m.; wind light N.E., clear. November 18th, one about
ship during fog; flew N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—January 8th, one Carrier Pigeon ;
“struck one of ship’s shrouds at 6 P.M., and fell on deck, kept
it all night, and on the 9th let it go; it flew N.W.; No. on leg
§950,33.” May 29th, one Carrier Pigeon lit on board at 5 P.M. ;
remained fifteen minutes, and flew N.; wind moderate N.E.,
clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 18th, one Pigeon
about light at 3.30 a.M.; wind light S.E., gloomy.

_ Arklow South Light-ship—June 13th, two tame Pigeons at
6 P.M. going N.; rested for the night; wind light N.E,, clear.

i, Are tae bcttieatel il pie ee 2 ie

526 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896 |

“Caught one on morning of 14th; on its leg was a metal ring
marked 762—P94D, and on second feather of wing PG278.
Kept this bird till July 27th; it then flew off, and was not
seen afterwards until September 1st, when it was brought back,
having been caught at a farm-house.”

Codling Bank Light-ship.—September 17th, one Pigeon going
W.; fresh breeze S.W., clear.

Inmshtrahull—April 13th, two on island. June 18th, two.

CorN-CRAKE (Crea pratensis, Bechst.).
Tuskar.—{ October 25th, Leg of Corn-Crake received. ]

Water-RaAItL (Rallus aquaticus).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—November 2nd, a strange bird killed
striking at 2.15 a.M.; wind moderate N.E., clear. [Water-Rail

bs
|
|
r
7
i
b
|
received in flesh. |
fathlin Island.— April 29th, one caught. [Received in
flesh. ]
Rathlin O Birne-—December 3rd, one “ Land-Rail” all day ;

gale S.E., clear. [Probably Water-Rail.—R. M. B.]

WatTeER-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—|December 2nd, Water-Hen received in flesh;
caught by light-keeper in gas-yard.]

RINGED PLOVER (Agialitis hiaticola, Linn.).

lackrock, Mayo.—July 28th, one found dead. [Leg and wing
received. |

GOLDEN PLOVER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.)

Dungarvan.December 15th, three going 8.W.; first seen
this season; wind light W.: 18th, numbers heard going §. at~
1 AM.; wind light W., clear; heavy frost.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—February 4th, several Grey Plover
passing N.E. at 9 p.m. and 11 P.M.; wind light S.W.

Innishtrahull—March 6th, four on island; strong wind §.
July 16th, eight do. August 29th, three all day ; one killed.

Rathlin O Birne—October 6th, twenty going S. at 4 P.M;

:

1896] * IRISH COAST 527

wind strong S.W.: 8th, three going E.; gale S.W.: [12th, one
shot, received in flesh].

GREEN PLOVER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.).

Dungarvan.—December 13th, a large flock close to station at
noon; first seen this season; strong gale S.E.: 16th, several
heard passing N.E. at 9 p.m.; seemed to be flying high, as they
__-were not visible; wind light W.,, clear moonlight: 19th, a flock
going N.E. at 9 p.M.; wind light N.W., heavy frost: 20th,
numbers about fields all day.

Coningbeg Light-ship—December 8th, one going N.E.

Barreis Rock Laght-ship.—January 9th, several flocks going
N. from 10 a.m. to 4 P.M.; wind moderate N.E., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 5th, flock of Plover
about light from 8 P.M. to 10 P.M.; wind light 8.W., gloomy.
April 2nd, flock going N.W. at 9 P.M.; moderate breeze N.W.
November 30th, flock of Lapwings about light at 11.30 p.m;
fresh breeze S.E., clear. December 1st, flock about light at
11 pM.; gale 8.E., rain: 28th, a large flock of Plover at noon,
flying low for the Irish land; strong breeze N.E., showery.

Arklow South Lnght-ship—December 27th, one large flock of
Green Plover going N. at 8.20 p.m; flew about the light for a
few minutes; wind moderate S.W., showers.

Arklow North Light-ship.—December 10th, flocks of Starlings
and Lapwings going N.W.; strong breeze S., light haze: 21st,
a great number of ree one going N. dirnie oo fresh
breeze S.E., clear.

South Rock Light-ship—February 26th, three going N.W.;
wind light N.W., clear.

Innishtrahull. — January 19th, one. February 24th, five.
July 27th, two. August 30th, two.

Llacksod Point.—December, some Plover going N.E.

Samphire Island.—January 28th, a large flock going N.;
wind moderate N.W.

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—December 15th, three on rocks.
Samphire Island.—March 8th, four noted; heavy gale W.:
lith, twenty.

OL
bo
(oe)

OysTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—November 28th, about a hundred going N.E.;
strong gale E., gloomy. December 10th, six on rocks.
Samphire Island.—January 3rd, large numbers.

GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

Skelligs—October 8th, three Phalaropes seen in water at
2pm; gale W. November 15th, two seen in water at 1 P.M;
strong breeze S.W.

Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

~ Tuskar.—October 22nd, one on rock at noon, disabled; wind
fresh N., clear.
Innishtrahull—June 4th, one at 7 P.M. on island; wind
moderate S.E.
Skelligs——October 11th, one on rock at 11 AM.; wind
moderate N.E. November 3rd, two at 3.30 P.M.; wind light
EK. December 4th, one; wind N,W.

CoMMON SNIPE (G'allinago celestis, Frenzel).

Fasinet—September 8th, one killed striking; fresh breeze E.,
mist.

Arklow South LInght-ship.—February 16th, one going N.W. at
11.30 AM.

Innishtrahull—February 19th, one. April 23rd, three. June
21st, three at noon. July 8th, four.

Rathlin O’Birne—October 6th, seven Snipe going §.; fresh
breeze 8.W.: [12th, Common Snipe received in flesh]: 28th,
seven all day on island; wind. moderate N.E., clear. November
9th, four; went S. in the evening. December Ist, one going

S.: 10th, three going W.: 21st, ten going W.: 22nd, seven
going 8.

JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula, Linn.).

Rathlin O’Birne.—November 18th, one going 8S. December
24th, two remaining on island.

MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896 |

;
¥
3

j
:

a

|
1896] , IRISH COAST 529

Dunn (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 5th, one Sand Lark disabled striking at
2 aM.; wind light E., gloomy. [Leg and wing of Dunlin
received. |

Dungarvan.—December 15th, six Dunlins on rocks.

Rathlin O'Birne.—[September 9th, Dunlin, sent as strange
bird, received in flesh.]

Samphire Island.—March 11th and 27th, four on island.

Knot (Zringa canutus, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[March 13th, Leg and wing of Knot received,
killed striking. |

Samphire Island.—February 22nd, a large flock of “ Knots”
going 8.E. at 5 P.M.

“SAND LARKS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 25th, one Sand Lark rested ;
flew N. September 9th, six going S. October 11th, two rested
two hours, and flew N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship.—June 7th, two Sand Larks going N.
at 11 AM.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 12th, several Sand Larks
going N.W. from 9 a.m. till noon. June 6th, two going N.W.;
fresh breeze S., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 8th, one Sand Lark lit on
ship’s rail and fell overboard ; light breeze N.E., haze.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November, Sand Larks observed every day.

Arran Island, N—November, some Strand Larks visit daily.
December, some remain all the time.

7 CURLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Coningbeg Laght-ship—March 11th, flock going N.E. at 10
} P.M.; flying high. August Ist, several going S.E.: 2nd, two
_ going S.E.: 29th, flock going N.; flying over ship at 9 PM;
strong breeze S.W.

Blackwater Bank Inght-ship.—February 18th, flock going
N.W. at 9PM. March 15th, Curlew about light; wind fresh
8.W., cloudy. July 3rd, flock at 9 p.m. going N.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—January 5th, some about ship

Ome

530 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
_

during night. February 17th, heard during night. November
4th, some heard from 9 p.m. to 10 p.M.; gloomy.

Arklow North Inght-ship—May 12th, three going N.W.:
25th, three going N.E.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 10th, flock going N.W.
at 9 p.M.: 17th, one going N. April 19th and 23rd, several.
May ist, one: 25th, one going N. June 24th and 25th, one
going N.W. July 19th, one going W.: 25th, flock going N.W.
August 18th, three going W.

South Rock Inght-ship.—February 11th, one about lantern at
9 p.M.: 26th, four going E. March 13th, three going W.
November 30th, one about light at 10 P.M.

Innishtrahull.—July 20th, large flocks all day; wind fresh
S.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.— August 31st, five going 8, September
18th, seven going S.

Samphire Island.—January 3rd, large numbers noted. March
31st, about fifty going 8.W. August Ist, several heard at
9 P.M.; misty.

WHIMBREL (Numentus pheopus, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 22nd, six Maybirds going N.E.
at 9 p.M.; wind light N.E.

Barrels Rock Inght-ship—May 11th, several Whimbrel going
N.W. at 10 P.M.; wind moderate N.E.: 14th, a flock of about
twenty going N.W. at 10 p.m. June 5th, four going N.W. at
2 p.M.; lit on board for half an hour; wind light S.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 14th, flock going W. at
9 pm.; wind fresh N.W. May Sth, flock noted.

Broadhaven.—September 10th, Whimbrel going 8.; wind
light S.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—August 16th, three going 8.W.; wind
light 8. W. :
_ Samphire Island—May 17th, four going N.E.; “first seen

this season”: 23rd, numbers about Fenit Point: 26th, four going
N. July 9th, several heard passing E. at 11 P.M.: 20th, one:
25th, several going 8.W.; gale N.E. August Ist, seven going
S.W.: 2nd, three going S.W. at 5 a.M., and numbers going do.
from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.; wind light E., hazy: 5th, about a hundred

1896} | IRISH COAST 531

going §.: 14th, four going S.W. at 5 A.M., flying very high ;
numbers at 10 p.m.; wind moderate N.W.: 15th, numbers at
11 p.m. going S.W.; wind moderate N.W., cloudy: 17th, at
present Whimbrels appear to be very numerous, all flying 5. W.

“ TERNS.”

Dungarvan.—November 17th, numbers of Terns about light
at 10 p.M.; wind light S.E., misty.

Tuskar.— August 3rd, two “ Mews ” noted.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May Ist, the “Mew” or “Per”
arrives about this date; builds on the island, and leaves about
1st October.

Innishtrahull—May 18th, flock of Terns on island at 6 A.M.;
“first arrival”; light breeze N.E., fog. May 24th, “Sooty
Tern”; light breeze N.

Samphire Island.—July 8th, numbers of Terns about light at
10.30 P-M.; wind moderate 8.W., misty. August 11th, several
“Sea-Mews” about light at 11 P.M.; strong breeze W., mist.

GLAUCcOUS GULL (Larus glaucus, O. Fabricius).

Rathlin O’ Birne.—October 12th, Glaucous Gull shot at 11
A.M.; wind fresh N.E., clear—[ Received in flesh]: 23rd, two all
day feeding round island; wind moderate N.E.: 27th, one shot
—|Received in flesh]: 30th, one going S.; wind moderate N.E.
November 3rd, one shot—[Received in flesh]. December 26th,
one going W.; gale S.W.

ICELAND GULL (Larus leucopterus, Faber).

Rathlin O' Birne.—October 23rd, one Iceland Gull and two
Glaucous Gulls all day; wind moderate N.E.: 30th, one
Iceland Gull shot at 10 a.m.; wind fresh N.E., clear —
[Received in flesh]: 31st, one all day feeding round island ;
wind moderate N.E.

: Skelligs—December 27th, one Iceland Gull going S. at 3 P.M.

“ GULLS.”

Dungarvan.—November 25th, about a hundred Kittiwakes in
lighthouse field. December 5th, about two hundred; mostly
last year’s birds.

532 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
>

Coningbeg Light-ship.—October 22nd and 30th, Blackbird and
Starling chased by Gulls.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—June, Gulls constantly noted in
large numbers.

Arklow North Light-ship— April 13th, large number noted.
May 10th, a few large Gulls: 13th and 26th, Gulls noted: 31st,
and June lst, Kittiwakes. June 3rd to 14th, Gulls frequently
noted. November, several times noted: 7th, Lark killed by
Seagull. December, frequently noted: 23rd, “ Royal Gull”
killed and ate a Blackbird.

Innishtrahull.sSeptember, “Sea-fowl, same as other years,
Herring Gulls, Kittiwakes, Black - backed Gulls, Puffins,
Guillemots, Razorbills, two Grey-backed Crows, Oyster-
Catchers, Redshanks.”

Rathlin O Birne-—December 30th, a large number of Gannets
and Gulls fishing.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November, Gulls every day.

Samphire Island—May 16th, eight Great Black - backed
Gulls: 29th, great numbers of “Common Gulls.”

Manx SHEARWATER (Pufinus anglorwm, Temminck).

Coningbeg Light-ship—dJuly 31st, two “Mackerel Cocks”
flying round ship. August 6th, four about ship.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—June 13th, 15th, and 24th, some
about ship: 26th, many during forenoon. July Ist, four.
October 22nd, flock of Shearwaters at 1 P.M. going W.; strong
breeze N., clear. .

Arklow South Light-ship. — April 21st, some “ Mackerel
Cock” flying about during day looking for fry. June 8th,
Manx Shearwaters during day. August 4th, “Mackerel
Cock” during day.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 13th, a large number of
‘Mackerel Cock” at noon, feeding: 21st,a few: 29th, large
flocks during day; wind fresh N.W. May 4th and 5th,

~al a ef

-

a a ee antes FG oe eee de ee ee eee ee

“Mackerel Cocks” during day; calm: 10th, a few: 11th, ~

several Shearwaters during day; calm: 22nd, 23rd, and 29th,
several do. fishing about ship. June 14th, a large number of
“Mackerel Cocks” close to ship: 15th, large number during

= J) ee

forenoon: 22nd, a few at 7 P.M. going S.W.: 25th and 29th, a —

few fishing.

F 1896] _ IRISH COAST 533

— « Codling Bank Light-ship—March 15th, one Shearwater going
N.E. at 5.30 a.m.: 24th, a large flock at 2 P.M. going N.E.

FORK-TAILED PETREL (Cymochorea leucorrhoa, Vieill).

Fastnet—May 5th, a bird caught at lantern at midnight.
[Fork-tailed Petrel received in flesh.]

StorM Perret (Procellaria pelagica, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 22nd, two “Mother Carey’s”
about ship during day; wind light. June 17th, one flew on
board at 1.30 a.M.; thick, hazy. July 23rd, two astern at 6.30
P.M.: 29th, several astern at 6 A.M.; wind fresh S.W. August
17th, four about ship; fresh breeze S.W. September 16th,
large number about ship; wind moderate W.; “sure sign of
very wild unsettled weather in channel”: 17th, several all day;
strong breeze 8.W., heavy sea: 18th, one: 21st, six. October
8th, seven; gale S.W. November 26th, two fell on deck and
died ; wind moderate E.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 27th, one feeding about ship.

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 22nd, one about ship: 31st,
one do. June 7th, 16th, and 18th, one. July 25th, Storm
Petrel about ship. September 25th and 27th, one about ship.
October 9th, one.

Innishtrahull—July 30th, one at 4 P.M.; misty.

RAZORBILL (Alcea torda, Linn.) and
GUILLEMOT (Uria troile, Linn.).

Fasinet. — December 24th and 25th, “large quantity of
Razorbills going S. during day; wind strong S.W. to N.W.,
misty. As far as I have noticed, no Guillemots were mixed
with them.—EDwarD Ronv.”

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—May 26th, several flocks of “ Murs ”
going N.W.: 27th, 28th, and 31st, “Murs” noted. Frequently
noted during June. July 1st, about forty: 3rd, ten flocks of
“Murs.”

Arklow South Light-ship—February 15th, a few Razorbills
drifting past during day.

Arklow North Light-ship—April 10th, “ Murs” going N.E. :
13th, a large number noted: 18th, 21st, 22nd, and 23rd, a few.

.

534 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896

May 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, and 9th, “Murs” noted: 29th, several
Guillemots. June 13th, a few “Murs”: 14th and 15th, a large
number of “Murs”: 25th and 29th, a few. November 10th, a
few: 14th and 15th, flocks of “Murs”: 24th, several “ Murs.”
December 3rd, a few.

Samphire Island.—January 6th, seven fishing close to island;
calm, clear.

Lirrie Auk (Mergulus alle, Linn.).

Blackrock, Mayo.—[December 17th, Little Auk received in
flesh, with letter dated 15/12/96; found uninjured near base of
lighthouse, and died after being kept for two days.]

PuFFIN (Fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—May 17th and 20th, large number
of “ Parrots” about ship during day: 22nd, some: 25th and
27th, and June 2nd, 8th, 24th, and 28th, “ Parrots” noted.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 29th, “Sea-Parrots” seen
for first time. April 16th and 17th, numerous flocks going N.;
wind light N.W., clear. ;

Arklow North Inght-ship—April 22nd, “ Parrots” during
day: 23rd, 26th, 27th, and 29th, a few. May 13th and 26th,
“Sea-Parrots” noted. December 13th, some “Sea-Parrots”
[Razorbills ?] around ship; wind light S.W., clear.

Samphire Island—January 5th, two: 6th, one, with seven
Razorbills, fishing near island ; “very seldom seen this season
of the year so close to land—GrorGE DUNLEAVY”; calm, clear.
July 12th, two noted.

GREAT NorTHERN DIVER (Colymbus glacialis, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—December 3rd, four close to station: 13th, four;
strong gale S.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 13th, several “ Northern
Divers” fishing during day: 26th, several. June 3rd, a great
number of “Northern Divers” and other sea-fowl near ship
during day. December 19th, some about ship: 28th, some
about ship; gale N.

Rathlin O Birne-—October 21st, one going N.; wind strong —

N.E. December 5th, one going S.

. 1896] , IRISH COAST 535

Inishgort.—March 1st, “there are lots of Northern Divers
here, large and small.”

Samphire Island.—January 5th, numbers all day ; wind light
_E,, clear. February 11th, one noted. March 8th, ten. April
_ 8th, one, “ showing a great portion of its summer plumage.”

CormoRANT (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHAG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—November 19th, eight Comorants going S.W.
December 15th, nine brown Comorants fishing.

Coningbeg Light-ship—May 24th, large flock Comorants
going S.E. at 4.30 am.; wind light N.E., clear; “not usual to
see them going that- route.” July 9th, a large flock passing
ship flying S.E.; wind light S.E., clear: 14th, flock flying S.
at noon; wind light 8.W., clear. September 20th, six going
N.E.

Tuskar-—December 9th, Cormorants landed on rock at
10 AM.; the first this winter.

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 8th, one Cormorant going E.:
30th, two going N.E. August 3rd, one going N.E. September
18th, one going 8.W. December 7th, two going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—December 25th, one Cormorant
about ship in forenoon; “rare bird to be seen so far from
shore”; fresh breeze N.W., clear.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November, Cormorants observed every

day.
_ Samphire Island.—August 13th, six going N.; “ first seen for
some time”; gale N.W.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.).

— Coningbeg Light-ship—January 24th, several about ship.
_ April 6th, two going N.W. June 25th, four going N.W. July
10th, two young ones going S.W. August 3rd, several fishing:
10th, several going E.
_ Barrels Rock Light-ship—May 22nd, a few: 27th, some
going W. July 3rd, two going W.: 5th, six going S.W.
Tuskar.—October 22nd, Gannets have returned, ales been
away all summer.
Arklow South Light-ship—February 10th, four going E.

536 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896
_

April 20th, small flocks all day going N.E.: 22nd, three going
N.E. August 4th, one going N.E.: 9th, some going N.E.
September 14th, one going N.E.: 17th, one going S.W.: 18th,
several going N.E. and S.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—Apvril 10th, a few going N.E.:
12th, three going N.E.: 14th, six going §.W.: 16th, ten going
S.W.: 19th, a few going N.E. and N.W.: 20th, about thirty
going N.E. and N.W,: 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 26th, and 27th, some —
noted, generally going E.: 29th, some fishing. May 2nd and
7th, some going N.E.: 13th, some going N.W.: 22nd, 23rd, and ~
31st, and June Ist and 3rd, fishing near ship: 4th and 7th, some
going N.E.: 20th, seven going 8. W.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 17th, several going S8.W.:
21st, several flocks going N.E.

Rathlin OBirne.—December 28th, fourteen fishing round
island: 30th, large numbers fishing; wind fresh S.W.

Blackrock, Mayo.—November, “ observed every day.”

et te PN ge LE ne gt hr

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

wind light 8.E., clear.

Tuskar.—August 5th, one going E. at 7 A.M.; wind moderate —
N.E., gloomy.

Blackrock, Mayo.—September 2nd, one going W. at 5.30 A.M.;
light breeze N.; “watched this bird with telescope till it
disappeared W.” .

Samphire Island.—February 15th, three going 8.E. August
15th, one going E.

s
|
|
|
j
Coningbeg Light-ship—January 20th, two going W. at noon;
Skelligs—October 17th, one on rock; wind light E. :

“ GEESE :
Arklow North Light-ship—December 18th, three Wild Geese
going N.W.
Innishtrahull.—April 29th, large flocks of Geese going N. at }
7 P.M.; wind strong N. August 17th, flock on island; wind :
oder S.: 26th, large flocks going 8. at 3.30 P.M; strong
breeze N.W. :
Rathlin O’ Birne—October 9th, one large Grey Goose going
N.; strong breeze N.W.: 10th, twelve White-fronted Geese

1896] . » IRISH COAST 537

going N. at 10.30 a.m.; gale N., clear; “one of these birds very
small”: 17th, six White-fronted Geese going S.; strong breeze
N.W.: 21st, five going §.; strong breeze N.E.: 22nd, one going
N.: 23rd, five going S.: 27th, thirteen Grey Geese going 8.;
wind fresh N.E., clear. November 3rd, ten large Grey Geese
going §.: 24th, three White-fronted Geese going 8.: 28th, one
going EK. December Ist, thirteen going W.; gale E., clear:
6th, two Grey Geese going S.: 12th, twenty White-fronted
Geese going N.; fresh breeze 8.E., clear.
Broadhaven.—October 18th, twenty-one Barnacle going W.;
gale N.: 25th, fifteen going W.; gale N. November 21st
thirty going W.; strong wind S.W.
Blacksod Point.—December, some Wild Geese going N.E.
Samphire Island.—January, Barnacle to be seen every day
_ March 7th, great numbers of Barnacle going S.E.; gale S.W.;
13th, a continuous flock, in one line of over three miles in
leneth, going N.; wind moderate W., drizzling rain: 31st,
immense numbers going N.; wind light N.W. April 8th, large
flock going N.; wind fresh W.

a

“ SWANS.”

fathlin O' Birne—November 1st, three white Swans, appar-
_ ently old birds, going 8.; wind moderate N.: 6th, ten white
_ Swans going S.; wind light S.,.clear: 21st, four going S.; wind
light S., clear. December 23rd, six white and two grey Swans
going N.; wind light 8.E., clear.

Lone-ratLeD Duck (Harelda glacialis, Linn.).

Innishtrahull—sSeptember 15th, Long-tailed Duck on island
all day ; shot ; strong wind N.E.

Rathlin O Birne-—October 16th, one shot, going W.; wind
light N.E., clear. [Received in flesh.]

Inishgort.—January 18th, there is a flock of about a dozen
in the bay—[Head, leg, and wing of female received]: 25th—
[Male received in flesh]. February 13th, Common Scoters

observed to “mix with the Long-tail.”

COMMON SCOTER (Gdemia nigra, Linn.).

Rathlin O' Birne-—November 16th, two Black Ducks going
N. at noon ; light breeze N,
| 2M

538 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1896 .

Inishgort—February 13th, three observed, one shot—{Re-
ceived in flesh] ; “‘they mix with the Long-tail.”

“ Ducks.”

Dungarvan.—December 20th, one Sheldrake going N.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—January 11th, seven Wild Duck
going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— November 28th, a flock of ©
Wild Duck going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—December 15th, a flock of Teal
going N.E.; fresh breeze N.: 18th, some Wild Duck going
N.W. ; fresh breeze N.

Codling Bank Light-ship—October 25th, eight Wild Duck
going W. November 5th, two flocks do. going N.W.

Innishtrahull— August 12th, Wild Duck on island at 4 P.M. ;
wind strong W.

Rathlin O Birne—December 25th, a large flock of Wigeon,
about two hundred and fifty to three hundred, going S. at noon
“to feeding ground in Sligo Harbour”; wind fresh 8.W.

Samphire Island. — February 17th, three Duck and one
Mallard going 8.: 27th, one Sheldrake going N.

Skelligs—December 26th, two Teal going N.E.

BIRDS NOT -IDENTIFIED.

Blackrock, Mayo.—October 17th, two “ Rock Wrens” remain.
[? Rock Pipits.]

Inishgort.— March Ist, “a man here tells me he killed a bird
some time since, ‘about the size of the Tail [? Teal] Duck,
white breast, all down on it, no feathers, feet answered for a
tail.’ ”

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Fastnet—September 5th, one Bat about tower at 7.30 P.M.;
wind light. “No Bats observed before.”
Old Head, Kinsale.— September 10th, Moth sent; it came
in through the kitchen door last night. [Death’s Head Moth
received. |
Tuskar.—May 29th, birds very scarce this year; don’t know
the cause, unless the remarkable clear weather we have had all
the spring.

- IRISH COAST 539

ing October and November, nor any in December, except on
the 3rd; I have never seen less birds about the light. Very
little fog or haze.

— LInnishtrahull.—October 24th, this has not been a very good
season for birds.

_ Rathlin O Birne.—October 27th, up to the present time there

other bird.
_ Broadhaven.—December, “no birds killed at lantern since I

_ Blacksod—December, “no birds strike this lantern.”

HfnF a uo 7RAOD EEA _
; oH ; >

‘ noitaratys 18 th ek dimecstl oa gen Sin vw }
a oe mie Wit staaio yentecl overhead il) ee

Gite Lig) j Vy f a Fi th \weer ry? with 190 fies =
i C : aoe , <a
Ua “orcs : or Vi TO A iawor bug
pratt. dutnll ay dav brid 1286 Ge
‘ r . nae
‘ a ¢ § , 7
oe atta tet 100. sd Ota Oem

a i 7 Ly i ] ; mo,

MOLT RAED

, hon ‘
: ‘as +s
oF ena’
an yr!
a Sifechi
ee itp } ee
abel.
it aT qv
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Bavbonos)
{toAtnb::
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slate’).

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mt li 2

mE ob Di
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542 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

= the :
ee =
3 Og = 4
2 gO R k tt) q 2
List oF Licur STATIONS. a BS ak , = Bs Names of Observers.
-4 2 Schedules. G 3 &
5 om ae
28 =
are] S
feoMastietsmOOn COLK sc. ccteecccecees 2 16 very good. o x 8 Edward Robu.
4. Mine Head, Waterford, ......... 4 9 very good. o x - Charles Hawkins.
5 Dungarvan, Goi, 0 :...2.0. 8 2 excellent. x x - George Dunleavy.
5a.Hook Tower, Wexford, .. ...... Ly s/ataan: x eye M. Barry and Jam
: Howlin.
5.*Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford, 5 7 excellent. x x 10 A. B. Wall andy,
Grant.
hee: Henry Thompson a
6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do., 2 0 poor. Ke oe John Doyle
_ { H. Kennedy and Jose
7. Tuskar Rock, ; do., 2 24 good. Xp Higginbotham.
‘ ne ' f James Byrne and Jo
7a. Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship, do.. 4 1 very good. x x § \ Dwyer.

7b. Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,do., 5 35 excellent. x x |e Cullen an
Thomas Luccan.

8. Arklow Sth. Lt.-ship, Wicklow, 4 3 very good. x x 7 Hd ee

Burdge.
8.*Arklow North Lt.-ship, do., 6 1 excellent. x x 8{7 Beahan and
5 Stapleton.
or ‘ ‘ _ , { W. Clydesdale and
9a.Codling Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin, 5 4 very good. x x 7 { Codkin.
12. Rockabill, Dublin, ............... 3 6 good. x x 5 Henry Kelly.
12b. South Rock Lt.-ship, Down,... 2 0 good. o x 3 John Kearon.
13. Copeland (Mew) Island, do., ... 3 4 poor. x x 3. S. Staniforth.
16. Innishtrahull, Donegal, ......... 2 65 fair. x o 6 J, Potter.
20. Aranmore, Ose hacen eee 2 3 very good. o x 5 J.C, MacGinley.
21. Rathlin O’Birne, do., .......... 2 0 very good. x o 2 John Kennedy.
32. Arran Island N., Galway, ...... 3 44 very good. x x 9 J. F, Friel).
BA eArranstslandiS.5 GOs, wass Valera: o x 6 Frederick W. Duffy.
34.*loop Head; Clare, ............... 1 0 poor. o x - John Hamilton.
36. Samphire Island, Kerry,........ 1 9 poor. o x 4 Matthew Healy.
39. Skelligs, do; 4.-05.. Be Lowery pucdam Beet aa
AQP BUNS OGKy COvk, ...-.recaseteso i Oe fair o x 5 James Higginbotha

Of the Stations that sent no Schedules, Carlingford forwarded a Willow W
St John’s Point, Down, a Bar-tailed Godwit, and the leg and wing of a Turnsto
Rathlin Island, a Water-Rail; Blacksod Point, a Storm Petrel ; Slyne Head, the
and wing of a Golden Plover ; and Berehaven, a Fork-tailed Petrel.

Legs, wings, ete., received, 180.

o= No reply. X = Schedules returned partly or wholly filled.
Spring, replies received from 16 stations, Autumn, replies received from 22 stations.

1897]

IRISH COAST

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED.

How Received. How Procured.

In flesh,

Spotted Flycatcher, Wing,

Species.
Kestrel,
Thrush,
”
”
>
”
>
»
23
ac
9
Redwing,
” |
is three, .
a two,
= three,” .
’9 8
= three, .
uf three,
i> two,
‘e two,
ey two,
$s four,
Fieldfare,
”
3 “4
Blackbird, .

”

2?

‘ . Shot, .
. Struck lantern,

Leg and wing, Disabled st.,

Killed st.,! .

”

Struck lantern,

Killed st.,
Struck lantern,
Killed st.,

Legsand wings, a

a?

Leg and

Struck lantern,
wing, Killed st.,

Legsand wings, Struck lantern,

Rece’d. in flesh, 2

39

Leg and

Wing,

Killed st.,
wing, oF :
Struck lantern

99

Killed st.,
Struck lantern,
Killed st.,

Date.

13/11 mo.,
2/11 mo.,
22/10 mo.,
3/ 2 mo.,
4/ 1 mo.,
5/ 2 mo.,
6/ 2 mo.,
29/ 9 mo.,
18/10 mo.,
28/10 mo.,
26/10 mo.,
2/11 mo.,
23/11 mo.,
23/10 mo.,
24/10 mo.,
23/10 mo.,
25/10 mo.,
31/10 mo.,
1/11 mo.,
2/11 mo.,
19/11 mo.,
23/11 mo.,
18/12 mo.,
20/12 mo.,
22/12 mo.,
23/12 mo.,
| 24 or
25/12
mo.,
18/12 mo.,
23/11 mo.,
25/10 mo.,
26/10 mo.,
29/10 mo.,
24/11 mo.,
5/ 2 mo.,
2/11 mo.,
4/ 1 mo.,
18/10 mo.,
24/10 mo.,
22/11 mo.,
28/10 mo.,
23/10 mo.,

1 Killed st.=Killed striking lantern.

543

Name of Station.

Mine Head.
Tuskar.
Fastnet.
Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

29 ”
Arran Island, N.

99 9)

? 9

Fastnet.

Mine Head.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arran Island, N.

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -sh.
Mine Head.

) 22

33 9
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh,

3 ”

LBs 3

a3 >
Codting Bank Lt.-ship.
Arran Island, N.

544

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—-continued.

Species.

Blackbird, two,

és three, .

Ring-Ouzel,

9 33

Hedge Sparrow, .

Common Redstart,

Black Redstart,

49 93 2

33

Seaeebat,
Whinchat, .

Wheatear,

Sedge Warbler,

99 9

Whitethroat,

9

Willow Wren,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

How Received. How Procured.

Legsandwings, Killed st.,

Leg and wing, i

Legsandwings, Struck lantern,
Ree’d. in flesh, 45

Led 2?

os 12/ 9 mo., Arran Island, N.
$s { Canght at 27/ 4 mo., Dungarvan.
lantern,
a ne 28/ 4 mo., Rockabiil.
27 or
A a 28/4 Innishtrahull.
mo.,
Leg and arate “ 13/10 mo., Fastnet.
Caught onrock, 2/11 mo., *
Ree’ Ale in hide Struck lantern, 21/11 mo., Tuskar.
5 Shot, 15/11 mo., Mine Head.
Leg and wing, Hones et \29/ 4mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-s
lightship,
a a Ge ORTSDI ES }s1/10 mo., Fastnet.
lantern,
Legsandwings, Killed st, 30/ 3mo., Tuskar.
Leg and wing, . 30/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-
s { an }22/ 4 mo., Arklow 8. Ltship.
Ree’d. in flesh, 30/ 4mo., Tuskar (probably).
Leg and wing, eae st., 7/ 5mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-s
Ree’d, in flesh, ap 28/ 4 mo., Rockabill.
" 53 28/ 4mo., Hook Tower.
27 or
Aj - 28/ 4 Rockabill.
mo,
My f Killed on 5/ 6 mo., Innishtrahull.
island, J
Be Killed st., 24/ 4 mo., Hook Tower.
5 2 10/ 4mo., Tushar.
Leg and wing, { Found dead | 26/ 4 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-s:

on deck, . J
8 Killed st.,
ES Dead on deck,

Ree’d. in flesh, Killed st.,

21/11 mo.,

[1897
>

Date. Name of Station.

31/10 mo., Arran Island, N.

210

or 11 oF) ”
mo.,

13/11 meses =

30/10 mo., Fastnet.
Tuskar.

7/ 5 mo.,
22/ 4 mo.,

27 or
28/ 4
mo.

99

Arkin Lit. -ship.

Rockabill,

IRISH COAST 545

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

Species. How Received. How Procured. Date. Name of Station.
Caught at
lighthouse,

. Rec'd. in flesh, { Caught at } 28/ 4mo., Innishtrahull,
lantern,

Willow Wren, Leg and wing, \ 4/ 9mo., Carlingford.

} Rec'd. in flesh, Caughtondeck, 5/11 mo., Coningbey Lt.-ship.

F Struck lantern, 21/11 mo., Tuskar.
{ Deadin small
”
boat, :

. Legand wing, Killedst., . 29/ 9 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
. Ree’d.in flesh, Struck lantern, 29/ 9 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.

Ss

now Bunting, . Rec’d.in flesh, Caught, . 2/ 2mo., Rockabill.
Ps, i : 35 Struck lantern, 21/ 4 mo., Arran Island, N.

Reed Bunting, . Leg and wing, { oyane ot }13/ 4 mo., LInnishtrahull.
lantern,
Chaffinch, . 5 en 45 5, 18/10 mo., Fastnet.
; - Dead on deck, 4/11 mo., Coningbey Lt.-ship.
: - Killed st., . 5/11 mo., os

two, . Legsandwings, Struck lantern, ?/11 mo., Zuskar.
Leg and wing, Foundondeck, 14/10 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh,

ae Found dead, 19/10 mo., - pe
3 Caught on deck, 18/12 mo., sy Pe
os Found dead, 19/12 mo., Are Bc
“2 Killed, . 28/10 mo., Codling Bank Lt. -ship.
i Killed st., . 26/10 mo., Arran Island, N.

. Ree’d, in flesh, a Sal Abana: oP

”

. Legand wing, Killedst., . 31/ 3 mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

}27/ 9mo., Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.

Fe Killed st., . 30/10 mo., Fastnet.
Leg and wing, + . 30/10 mo., -
5 5 7 Jopllemoe:. a
“4 = . 3/11 mo, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Ree’d. in flesh, Ps . 31/10 mo., Arran Island, N.
Leg and wing, { Canght at } 20/10 mo., Hastnet.
lantern,
24 or
Rec'd. in flesh, 2 } 25/12 Hook Tower.
mo.,
Leg and wing, Struck lantern, 23/11 mo., Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
ie Killed st., . 3/ 2mo., Zuskar.
Legsand wings, pay i emenss) le mor. Ae
Leg and wing, # . 22/ 2mo., Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.
‘ Found ondeck, 14/10 mo., Cae -
a3 Killed st., . 29/10 mo., x iN
: é - Found dead, 19/12 mo., -
6 ; - 5 Struck lantern, 23/10 mo., Copeland (Mew) Island.

ee ee

—— | a

546

Species.

Greenfinch, .

39

2)
Hawfinch,

9

Goldfinch,
Siskin, two,

35 two,
399
3
Linnet,
a)

33

Starling,

29

Jackdaw,
Swallow,

Nightjar,

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Leas, WINGS, ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Received.

Wing,
Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,

3)?

Leg and wing,

ot]

99

Ree’d. in flesh,

Corn-Crake, young, Leg and wing,

Water-Rail,

”

Golden Plover,
Turnstone, .

Ree’d. in flesh,

oe]

Leg and wing,

”

How Procured. Date.

. Struck lantern, ?/11 mo.,
Found dead, 20/12 mo.,
Killed, 21/12 mo.,
Killed st., 25/10 mo.,

Struck lantern, 4/11 mo.,
WD 1/11 mo.,

a 30/10 mo.,
Caught at } 24/10 mo.,

lantern,

Struck lantern, 30/10 mo.,
ms 1/11 mo.,

‘1 9/10 mo.,

Killed st., 18/12 mo.,
Found dead, 26/10 mo.,
at 19/12 mo.,
Struck lantern, 23/10 mo.,
39 29/10 mo.,

5: 30/10 mo.,
Killed st., 5/ 2 mo., |
7h 22/ 2 mo.,

ais 2:8/ ao ,0Ons me

5 24/10 mo.,

ee 21/11 mo.,

< 18/12 mo.,
ats . 20/12 mo.,
Disabled st., 23/10 mo.,
Killed st., . 31/10 mo.,
Struck lantern, 18/12 mo.,,

Found disabled, 28/12 mo., Aranmore.
Dead on deck, 22/ 4 mo., Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

} 28/ 5 mo., Tuskar.

Exhausted
on rock, .

Caught near
station, .

{ Killed at
lantern,
\ Caught on

mountain

near station,
Caught in
crevice
of rock, .
Killed st.,

”

}21/ 9mo., Dungarvan.

}27/ 3 mo., Rockabill.

18/12 mo., Rathlin Island.

| 1/11 mo., Arran Island, N.

31/12 mo.,
1/ 2 mo.,

[1897

Name of Station.

Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -s:
Codling Bank Lt. -shi
Hook Tower.
J) ”
Tuskar.
Fastnet.

Tuskar.
Skelligs.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -
Mine Head.

9? ”

29 93
Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-
> 9
+9
9 29
9) 92
Codling Bank Lt, -shi
Copeland (Mew) Isla
Arran Island, N.

99 2?

Slyne Head,
St John’s Point, Do

\ oe
Fork-tailed Petrel,

)]
="

form Petrel,

Guillemot, .
on, ‘ ;
acle Goose, .

Lecs, WINGs,

How Received.

Leg, g :
Ree’d. in flesh,

Leg and wing,
Wing,

Leg and wing,
Ree’d., in flesh,

a)

29

Leg and wing,

Ree’d. in flesh,

Leg and wing,

aes a eS

IRISH COAST

547°

ETC., RECEIVED—continued.

How Procured.

Killed st., .
Disabled st. ,
Killed st.,

”

Struck lantern,

Killed st.,
{ Found killed
in balcony,
Found dead
} at foot of
light-tower,
At lantern, .
Found on
light-ship,
Shot, .
”

9

Date.

30/ 9 mo.,
28/ 3 mo.,
31/ 1 mo.,
?/11 mo.,
8/12 mo.,
1/ 2mo.,

}-30/ 4 mo.,

28/10 mo.,

17/11 mo.,
} 26/12 mo.,
10/12 mo.,

21/12 mo.,
31/12 mo.,

Name of Station.

Arran Island, N.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

bP)
Aranmore.

St John’s Point, Down.
Hook Tower.

Berchaven.

Blacksod Point.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-sh.

Innishtrahull.
Arran Island, S.
Aranmore,

yo ite Pz

~ 648

Birds not identified,
Blackbird,
Blackcap, . :
Brambling,
Bunting, Reed, .
yn SLOWsr
5 Yellow,

Chaffinch,
Chiffchaff, .
Chough,
Cormorant,
Corn-Crake,
Crow, Hooded,
Cuckoo,

Curlew,

Diver, Great Northern,

“ Ducks,”
Dunlin,

Eagle,

Fieldfare,
Flycatcher, Spotted,

Gannet,
es Geese,”

General Observations,

Godwit, Bar-tailed,

Golden-crested Wren,

Goldfinch, .
Goose, Barnacle,
Greenfinch,
Grouse, Red, .
Guillemot, Black,
9°
“Gulls,”

Hawfinch, .
“* Hawks,”
Heron,

Jackdaw,

Kestrel,

Linnet,

Magpie,

Manx Shear water,

Martin, House, .
i, Sand,

Nightjar,
Oyster-Catcher, .

Pr Great Spotted,

Common, .

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

_
INDEX.
PAGE |
617 | Partridge, .
557 Peregrine Falcon,
565 | Petrel, Fork-tailed,
580 | >» Storm,
576 | Phalarope, Grey,
575 | Pigeons, .
576 | Plover, ‘Golden, :
», Green,
576 s Ringed, .
566 | Puffin, F :
590
613 | Raven,
599 | Razorbill,
590 | Redstart, Black,
596 5 Common,
597 | Redwing,
605 | Ring Dove,
| Ring-Ouzel,
612 Robin,
616 | Rook,
603
‘*Sand Larks,” . -
549 Sandpiper, Common, .
Purple,
556 | Sedge Warbler, .
550 J Shag, 2
Siskin,
613 | Skylark,
615 | Snipe, Common,
618 » Jack,
604 | Sparrow-Hawk, .
566 | Sparrow, Hedge,
582 2 House,
615 | Starling,
581 | Stonechat, .
599 | Swallow,
612 | “Swans,”
611 | Swift,
608
: Tern, Roseate,
580 | ‘‘Terns,”
549 | Thrush,
615 | Titlark,
Turnstone,
592 Turtle Dove,
549 Twite,” .
x ‘* Wagtails,”
Bee Water-Hen.
593 | Water-Rail,
609 | Wheatear, .
596 | Whimbrel,
596 | Whinchat,.
Whitethroat,
596 | Willow Wren,
Woodcock,
602 | Wren,

[1897

568

1897] IRISH COAST 549

EAGLE.
Aranmore.—September 16th, one Eagle hovering around

lighthouse at 8 a.M.; only one ever observed this year; wind
fresh W., rain.

PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus, Tunstall).

Aranmore.—August 9th, two “Blue Hawks” at cliff at 4 P.M.
_ These birds breed at west end of island in cliffs.
t Rathlin O Birne.—April 21st, one “Falcon Hawk” going E.
Skelligs—March 5th, two on rock; wind strong W. June
27th, four at noon; wind light S.E. July 26th, one. August
dist, one going N. December 10th, one.

KESTREL (falco tuniwneulus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—September 22nd, three Sparrow-Hawks and one
Kestrel all day about station. November 15th, “Sparrow-
Hawk” shot—[Kestrel received in flesh]. “The Hawk was
unusually tame for a bird of its kind, and on one occasion was
accidentally chased out of one of my out-offices.”

Skelligs—February 10th, Kestrel-Hawk on rock. June 6th,
one do.

SPARROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus, Linn.).

Mine Head—September 22nd, three, and one Kestrel, all day
round station. [Possibly all Kestrels; see under latter.]

Dungarvan.—April 2nd, one going N.W. August 23rd, one
“soaring ” about station.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 10th, one in chase of
Chaffinch ; was attacked by Gulls, which saved life of Chaf-
finch.

Arklow North Light-ship.—June 11th, one going N.W.; wind
fresh S.W. October 13th, one noted: 22nd, one going N.E.;
rested on ship’s rigging; wind light S.E., clear.

| Rockabill—_ March 29th, one, and three “Crows,” on rock at
noon.

Skelligs——August 9th, one on rock. October 25th, one all
day. December 25th, one going N.

“ HAWKS.”

Mine Head.—October 30th, “we noticed a very peculiar
Hawk last week ; it was nearly all a light grey or white, and a

550 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897 —

black head, with forked tail ; about the same size as a Falcon.
Probably it was mottled or speckled, but we could not get near
enough to see. I never saw such another Hawk, if Hawk it
was.”

Dungarvan.—J aly 12th, one “ Kite” going 8.W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—April 9th, one Hawk at 7 A.M. ;
came on board to pick at the crew’s meat hanging forward;
wind light W., clear. October 12th, one rested on ship at
6.30 AM.; had a small bird, a Lark, which he ate; wind
moderate N.

Blackwater Bank LInght-ship—April 29th, two Hawks and
several small birds about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; strong
breeze 8.W., rain.

Aranmore.—September 15th, one “ Fish-Hawk” perched on
cliff; remains on island all the year round.

Arran Island, N.—July 10th, one on island. November 9th,
one.

Bull Rock.—November 1st to 4th, one about rock, picking the
birds off, probably disabled ones (see under Thrush).

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER (Muscicapa grisola, Linn.).

Tuskar.—[December, wing of Spotted Flycatcher received,
with legs and wings of two Larks, two Chaffinches, a Green- —
finch, and a Purple Sandpiper, all said to have struck lantern |
between November 20th and December Ist. ]

TuHrusH (Zurdus musicus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 22nd, one disabled striking at midnight ;
wind strong 8.E., overcast—[Leg and wing received]: 24th,
numbers of Starlings, Thrushes (Common and Redwing), Larks,
Chaffinches, Blackbirds, etc., about light; some killed and dis-
abled; wind fresh 8.E., overcast: 26th, some about light, with
Blackbirds, Chaffinches, Starlings, and Larks; wind moderate
S.H., overcast: 30th, great rush of birds, including Thrushes ;
many killed of various species (see under Ring-Ouzel and
Goldfinch); wind fresh N.E., overcast. November 53rd,
numbers, with Redwings and other birds, about light; many
birds killed; wind fresh S.E., overcast.

Mine Head— February 5th, five going N.W. March 5th, a

1897] IRISH COAST 551

few going W. April 3rd, twenty going N.E. October 5th, twenty
near station: 9th, a flock going N.: 14th, about twenty going
W.: 15th to 19th, some about station: 22nd, some at night,
striking. November 5th to 8th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Chaffinches all day; some going W.; some at light at night.
December 20th, flocks of Blackbirds and Thrushes going W. ;
some at light; strong breeze to gale E., overcast, gloomy.
Dungarvan.—January 19th, Blackbirds and Thrushes all day
about station; wind moderate E., gloomy: 24th, numbers of

' Thrushes and Redwings all day; hard frost. February 26th,

several Thrushes at lantern at 2 A.M.; five struck; gale S.W.,
misty.

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 23rd, one killed striking ;
wind moderate S.E.: 24th, three killed striking ; wind moderate
S.E. November 19th, large numbers of Thrushes, Stares, Sky-
larks, and Blackbirds about light; several killed and fell over-
board; wind light, variable, gloomy.

Tuskar.— February 3rd, several “Thrushes (Redwing) ”
striking light at midnight; one killed; wind light 8.W., fog—
[Leg and wing of Thrush received]. October, “there were from
five to six hundred Blackbirds and Thrushes killed each night
from the 20th to the 23rd, during dark, hazy nights; wind
S.E.”

Luevfer Shoals Light-ship.—October 27th, Starlings, Thrushes,
and Blackbirds round light at 8 p.M.; two Blackbirds, one
Thrush, and one Starling killed striking; wind moderate 8.W.,
rain: 29th, Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Chatffinches
round light from 7 P.M. to about 6.30 A.M.; two Blackbirds and
one Chaffinch killed; fresh breeze 8.E., rain.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 1st, small flocks of
Starlings and Thrushes going N.W.; wind light N.W., clear:
[4th, Leg and wing of Thrush received, killed striking]: 10th,
twenty Blackbirds and Thrushes about light from 9 P.M. to
midnight; wind light to moderate S., gloomy: 31st, five about
light. February 4th, several about light; wind light S.W.,

gloomy: 5th, some, with Blackbirds, about light; one Thrush

killed striking—[Leg and wing received]; wind light N.E.,
gloomy: 6th, Thrushes and Larks about light from midnight
to 8 a.M.; two Thrushes killed striking—[Leg and wing of one
received]; wind light S.K., gloomy: 19th, large number of

552 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
:

Thrushes about light from 10 P.M. to midnight; went for the
land ; fresh breeze 8.W., wet fog: 23rd, large number of Larks,
Starlings, and: Thrushes about light from sunset till sunrise on
following morning; about forty birds killed; wind 8.W., over-
cast. April 20th, Blackbirds and Thrushes about light from
9 P.M. to midnight; wind fresh §., rain. September 28th, about
twelve Thrushes and Starlings about lantern from 8 P.M. to
midnight; two Thrushes and one Starling killed striking ;
Thrushes falling overboard: 29th, from midnight to 4 A.M., |
twenty Thrushes, twenty Starlings, and four Gold-Crests round ©
lantern; two killed—[ Leg and wing of one Thrush and one
Golden-crested Wren received]; wind light 8.W., thick mist.
October 13th, Thrushes and Blackbirds about light ; one Thrush
killed, fell overboard ; wind moderate S.E., rain: 18th, Thrushes,
Blackbirds, and Larks about ght; three Blackbirds and six
Thrushes killed; many others struck and fell overboard—{[Leg
and wing of one Thrush and one Dlackbird received]; wind
moderate 8.W., clear: 23rd, a few Thrushes and Starlings about
light; four killed; light breeze S.E., overcast: 24th, Thrushes
and Starlings about light; eight. killed, flew for the Irish land
at daylight ; wind moderate S.E., light haze: 27th, four going
N.: [28th, Leg and wing of Thrush received, killed striking]:
29th, large number of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings, with
a few Chaffinches, about light; ten killed; large flock went
N.W. at daylight; wind moderate S., cloudy: 350th, large
number of Blackbirds and Thrushes about light; twenty
Blackbirds and forty Thrushes striking; flew for land at day-
light; wind moderate 8., haze: 51st, about a hundred Thrushes,
Blackbirds, and other birds about light; wind mederate 8.E.
November 3rd, large flocks of Thrushes and Blackbirds going
N., flying high: 7th, four going N.: 21st, a few about light
from 2 AM. to 4 AM.; went for land; wind light S.W., haze:
22nd, four, and six Blackbirds, about light from 1 4.M. to 5 A.M.; —
two killed; light breeze 8.W., cloudy: 25rd, large number of
Starlings, Blackbirds, and Thrushes about light; two killed
striking (see under Fieldfare); wind lght N.E, cloudy.
December 18th, flock of Chaffinches and Thrushes going N.W.
at 11 AM.; two flocks of Thrushes going do. at 2 P.M.; wind
light S.W., clear: 19th, Larks, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and
Starlings at light from midnight to 7 A.M.; about a hundred

1897] IRISH COAST 553

_ killed and fell overboard ; wind light $.E., overcast ; Thrushes
and Chaffinches at 11 A.M. going N.W.; two found dead (see
under Chaffinch); clear: 24th, four Thrushes about ship at 9
P.M.; one found dead; strong breeze S.W., overcast: 25th, large
number of Starlings and Thrushes in the afternoon going N.W.;
wind strong S.W., showery.

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 3rd, Starlings, Thrushes,
and Larks all night about ship; several struck and fell over-
board; wind light S.W., fog.

Arklow North Light-ship— January 3rd, two killed; wind
light W., rain: 23rd, two going N. during forenoon; lit on
board for a short time; strong breeze N.E., snow. February
5th, a few about ship day and night; wind light N.E., light
haze. October 18th, one, and two Golden Wrens, about lantern;
Thrush killed, also one Golden Wren; wind moderate W.,
clear. .

Codling Bank Light-ship—June 5th, two on ship at 3 AM.;
ealin, light haze. October 28th, one on ship.

Rockabill—_January 9th, six about light at 4 A.M.; three, with
one Fieldfare, two Blackbirds, a Lark, and a Starling, killed or
disabled striking; wind moderate E., haze: 22nd, one on rock ;
gale N.E. April 25th, four, and five Larks, about light at
1am.; wind E., haze. October 2nd, Blackbirds, Starlings, and
Thrushes on rock; remained all day: 21st, large numbers of
birds about light at 2 a.M.; seven Thrushes, six Blackbirds,
twelve Skylarks and Starlings, four Fieldfares, nine Chaffinches,
one Golden-crested Wren, and two Greenfinches killed striking;
wind light S.E., fog; “what did strike were killed, got none
disabled next morning”: 29th, a very large number of birds
about light at 3 A.M.; fifteen Thrushes, seven Fieldfares, twelve
Blackbirds, eight Chaffinches, one Golden Plover, one Rock
Pigeon, and sixteen Starlings killed striking; all away at
daylight, except some disabled Starlings; wind fresh 8.E., fog.
November 10th, Thrushes and other birds about light at 1 A.M.;
four killed striking, with two Larks and two Fieldfares; wind
light 8., misty.

South Rock Light-ship.— October 28th, several Larks, Starlings,
Thrushes, and Blackbirds about light during night, a good
many striking and falling overboard; wind moderate S., haze.
November 25th, Larks, Thrushes, and Blackbirds about light

2N

554 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897 |

>
from 8 p.M. to midnight; two killed; wind moderate S.E.,
clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island. — October 29th to 31st, flocks of
Thrushes and Blackbirds and a few Fieldfares each night from
10 p.m. to 11 P.M, about a dozen got killed; “some of these
Thrushes and Blackbirds frequent the island”; wind light 8.E.,
fog. November 20th, a flock of Fieldfares and some Blackbirds
and Thrushes from 10 p.m. to midnight; haze. December 18th,
a few Starlings, Thrushes, and Blackbirds, and a great number
of Larks about light; fog.

Innishtrahull—January 6th, one on island ; gale 8.E., misty.
March 8th, two; wind light S., misty.

Aranmore.—November 13th, two about station; wind strong
S.W., squally and snow. December 29th, one on wall; wind
fresh S.W., squally. ;

Arran Island, N.—October 23rd, “first time Blackbirds and
Thrushes seen on island since beginning of summer”: 26th, one
Thrush killed strikimg—{Leg and wing received]; wind fresh
S.E., gloomy. November 2nd, one do. [Leg and wing received];
wind light N.E., haze: 23rd, nine “Thrushes” on island all
day; four killed striking—[Legs and wings of one Thrush and
three Redwings received]; wind light S., gloomy. December
3rd, six all day: 4th, eight do: 18th to 26th, several
“Thrushes” and Blackbirds noted daily (see under Redwing, to
which species belong all legs and wings sent during December
from this station). “When the wind is off the land, a good
many visit isle.”

Arran Island, S.— October 23rd, one at 1 AM, killed
striking; wind moderate S.E., misty: 30th, six at 4 AM,
killed striking; wind light S.E., gloomy: 31st, eight going S.E.
Are residents of this island, and very seldom seen at night.

Skelligs—January 18th, four on rock; one striking, not
killed; wind fresh S8.E. November 6th, four all day; wind
strong §.E. December 30th, numbers on rock all day; wind
fresh W.
~ Bull Rock—November 1st to 4th, Starlings, Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Larks around light for past four nights, and on
rock during day-time; four Starlings, ten Blackbirds, four

Thrushes, and four Larks killed; wind moderate E., dark ©

gloomy weather.

A === |

el et st

1897] IRISH COAST 55d

REDWING (Z'urdus cliacus, Linn.).

Fastnet.— October 23rd, one found, killed striking; wind
strong 8.E., overcast—[ Leg and wing received]: 24th, numbers,
with Thrushes and other birds, about light; wind fresh S.E.,
overcast: 30th, very large rush of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Red-
wings, and Chaffinches with other birds; numbers killed and
fell into the sea (see additional particulars under Ring-Ouzel
and Goldfinch); wind fresh N.E., overcast. November 3rd,
numbers of Chaffinches, Thrushes, Redwings, Starlings, and
Blackbirds about lantern; many killed; fresh breeze S.E.,
overcast.

Mine Head.—February 1st, five “Mountain Thrushes” noted
in morning; wind moderate W., misty—[Possibly Redwings or
Missel Thrushes.—R. M. B.]. [October 24th, Leg and wing
received ; struck lantern]: 30th, Redwings and Skylarks all
day going W.; wind S.E., misty.

Dungarvan.—January 24th, numbers of Thrushes and Red-
wings all day ; hard frost.

Rockabill—March 3rd, two “Thrushes (Redwing)” on rock
at 9 AM.; gale N.W., clear. October 6th, two “Thrushes
(Redwing)” at noon, with several Chaffinches, Greenfinches,
and Golden-crested Wrens; “the Thrushes left at 3 P.M., going
W.”; wind light S.W., cloudy.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 25rd, “Thrush” and other
birds about light; a Lark, Thrush, and Starling killed or
disabled striking—[Leg and wing of Redwing, killed striking,
received, with do. of Lark and Starling]; wind moderate S.E.,
gloomy, haze.

Arran Island, N.—October 25th, three “Thrushes” killed
striking—| Legs and wings of three Redwings received]; wind
light E., gloomy: 31st, two “Thrushes” killed striking—[Legs
and wings of two Redwings received]; wind light N.E., drizzling
rain. November Ist, three ‘Thrushes” killed striking—[Legs
and wings of three Redwings received]; wind light N.E., misty:
2nd, one “Thrush” killed striking—[Legs and wings of one
_ Thrush and one Redwing received]; wind light N.E., haze:
19th, six “Thrushes” on island at 2 p.m.; three killed striking—
[Legs and wings of three Redwings received]; wind moderate
S., cloudy: 23rd, nine “Thrushes” all day on island; four

556 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

>

killed striking—[Legs and wings of three Redwings and one
Thrush received]; wind light §., gloomy. December 3rd, six
“Thrushes” all day on island—[Some, if not all of them,
probably Redwings.—R. M. B.]; wind light S.E., cloudy: 4th,
eight do. all day: 18th, several do. and Blackbirds all day ;
three killed striking—[Legs and wings of two Redwings and
one Starling received]; wind light E., gloomy: 19th, “ Thrushes ”
and Blackbirds all day: 20th, do.; two killed—[Legs and wings
of two Redwings received]; wind light E., gloomy: 21st,
“Thrushes” and Blackbirds all day: 22nd, do.; two killed
strikinge—[Legs and wings of two Redwings received]; wind
do.: 23rd, “Thrushes” and Blackbirds all day; four killed
striking—[Legs and wings of four Redwings received]; wind
moderate S.E., gloomy: 24th and 26th, “Thrushes” and Black-
birds all day; wind fresh 8.E. and S., misty. “It is only when
wind is off the land, 2.¢., from S. to E.N.E., that these birds visit
this isle.”

Skelligs—March 11th, one on rock at 11 a.M.; wind mode-
rate W., mist.

3
;
;

: 234, oe) SS)

FIELDFARE (Turdus pilaris, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 30th and 31st, great rush of birds from
9 pM. to 6 AM; many killed and falling into the sea; one
Fieldfare at lantern at 3 A.M.; ten species noted (see under
Ring-Ouzel and Goldfinch); wind fresh N.E., overcast.

Mine Head.—December 20th, a few noted.

Hook Tower.—[December 24th or 25th, Fieldfare received in
flesh. |

Tuskar.—December 18th, “bird of the Thrush family”
killed striking lantern—[Fieldfare received in flesh].

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—November 25rd, a large number
of Starlings, Blackbirds, and Thrushes about light from 6 P.M.
to 8 p.M.; two killed striking—[Leg and wing of Fieldfare, sent
as “Thrush,” received]; wind light N.E., cloudy.

Rockabill—January 9th, two about light; one killed, with a
few Thrushes and other birds; wind moderate E., haze.
October 21st, large number of birds about light (see under
Thrush) ; four Fieldfares killed striking; wind light S.E., fog:
29th, a very large number of birds about light (see under
Thrush) ; seven Fieldfares killed striking ; wind fresh §.E., fog.

oD?

aks! a ee ee”) Uhl oe a oe

2 oe ot ew he by aeliinae «p00 eens eat na tint (ye

1897] IRISH COAST 557

November 10th, Larks, Thrushes, and Fieldfares about light ;
two Fieldfares killed striking ; wind light §., misty.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 29th to 31st, flocks of
Thrushes and Blackbirds and a few Fieldfares about light each
night from 10 p.m. to 11 p.M.; about a dozen killed ; wind hight
to moderate S.E., fog. November 25th, flock of Fieldfares and
some Blackbirds and Thrushes from 10 P.M. to midnight; gentle
breeze S., haze. December 22nd, one Fieldfare caught resting
on balcony at 4 A.m.; fresh breeze 8.E., gloomy.

Aranmore.—November 23rd, twenty “ Fairfields” outside
station ; wind moderate S.W., cloudy.

Rathlin O Birne-—January 7th, two going E.; wind fresh E.,
clear.

Skelligs—September 29th, three “ Fieldfares” on rock ; wind
light N.E. November 11th, six; wind strong 8.W. December
14th, three at noon; wind fresh 8.W., haze.

BLACKBIRD (Z'urdus merula, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 22nd, two at lantern; one killed striking;
strong breeze S.E., overcast: 24th, numbers, with Starlings,
Thrushes, and other birds about light; some killed; wind fresh
S.E., overcast: 26th, Blackbirds, Chaffinches, Thrushes, and
other birds about light; some killed; wind moderate S.E.,
overcast: 30th and 31st, very large rush of Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Redwings, and Chaffinches; numbers killed and fell into the
sea (see further particulars under Ring-Ouzel); wind fresh N.E.,,
overcast. November 3rd and 4th, numbers of Chaffinches,
Thrushes, Redwings, Starlings, and Blackbirds about lantern ;
many killed; wind fresh S.E., overcast, gloomy.

Mine Head.—March 5th, a few going W.; wind fresh W.,
clear. April 3rd, five going N.E. October 14th, twelve going
N.: 15th to 19th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Plover round
station: 22nd, Blackbirds and Thrushes going W. night and
day; some striking: 25th, about twenty going W.; some struck
_ lantern; wind moderate S.E., overcast—[ Legs and wings received
of three killed striking October 25th, 26th, and 29th]. November
5th to 8th, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Chaffinches all day; some
going W., some at light. December 20th, flocks of Blackbirds
and Thrushes going W.; some at light; gale E., overcast.

558 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Dungarvan.—January 18th, Blackbirds and Thrushes all day
about station; frost.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 6th, hen Blackbird killed
striking ; wind moderate S., rain. October 24th and 25th, one
killed striking each night; wind moderate S.E., overcast.
November 19th, large numbers of Thrushes, Stares, Skylarks,
and Blackbirds about light; several killed and fell overboard ;
wind variable, gloomy: 24th, one male Blackbird killed strik-
ing; wind light §.E., clear. [Leg and wing received. ]

Luskar.—February 5th, some going N.W. at 10 P.M.; one
killed striking; wind light 8.W., mist—[Leg and wing received]:
20th, some at light at 9 P.M; several striking; wind moderate

tol)
W.: 22nd, three females killed striking ; wind moderate 8.W.,

role)
cloudy: 23rd, nine females killed striking; wind fresh S.W.
October, “there were from jive to six hundred Blackbirds and
Thrushes killed each night from the 20th to the 23rd, during
dark hazy nights; wind S.E.” [December, Leg and wing
received; struck lantern “between November 20th and
December Ist.” ;

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—October 20th, one about lantern
at 8 p.M.; calm: 23rd, several, with Starlings, round lantern ;
wind moderate E., clear: 27th, Starlings, Thrushes, and Black-
birds round lantern; two Blackbirds killed striking; wind
moderate S.W., rain: 29th, Starlings and Blackbirds round
light, with other birds; two Blackbirds and one Chaffinch
striking; wind fresh 8.E.: 31st, Starlings and Blackbirds round
lantern; two Blackbirds killed; wind moderate $.E., gloomy.

Biackwater Bank Light-ship—[January 4th, Leg and wing
received, killed striking]: 10th, about twenty Thrushes and
Blackbirds about light from 9 P.M. to midnight; wind §., cloudy.
February 5th, Thrushes and Blackbirds about light. March
27th, two Blackbirds going N.W. at 9 p.m. April 20th, Black-
birds and Thrushes about light ; wind fresh §., rain. September
30th, large flock of Blackbirds going N.W., flying low, at
8.40 AM.; wind moderate N., clear. October 13th, some, with —
Thrushes, about light: 18th, some, with Thrushes and Larks,
about light; three Blackbirds killed striking—[Leg and wing
of one received]: 23rd, two going N.W.: 24th, about thirty
round light from sunset to midnight—[Leg and wing of one,
killed striking, received]; wind light S.E., haze: 29th, large

1897] IRISH COAST 559

number of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and other birds about light:
30th, large number of Blackbirds and Thrushes about light;
twenty Blackbirds striking: 31st, about a hundred Thrushes,
Blackbirds, Larks, and Starlings about light; wind moderate
S.E., showery. November 3rd, large flocks of Thrushes and
Blackbirds going N., flying high, at 8 a.m. and 10 a.M.; wind
fresh E., clear: 22nd, six Blackbirds and four Thrushes about
light, two killed striking—[ Leg and wing of Blackbird received] ;
light breeze S.W., cloudy: 23rd, large number of Starlings,
Blackbirds, and Thrushes about light. December 18th, a few
Starlings and Blackbirds do.: 19th, flock of Larks, Blackbirds,
Thrushes, and Starlings about light from midnight to 7 A.M.;
about a hundred killed and fell overboard; light breeze S.E.,
overcast.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 8th, one, and three
Starlings, about ship.

Codiing Bank Light-ship—October 28th, lots of small birds
about light at night; several killed and disabled, some falling
overboard—[Leg and wing of Blackbird, with leg and wing of
Chaffinch, received]; wind moderate S., gloomy: 30th, Black-
birds and Starlings passing during day; fog. December 25th,
one Blackbird about light.

Rockabill,—January 5th, five about light; two killed ; hazy:
22nd, two, and one Thrush, on rock; gale N.E. March 3rd,
two, and two “Redwing Thrushes,’ on rock; gale N.W.
October 2nd, nine, with some Starlings and Thrushes, remained
all day; wind light W.: 21st, a large number of birds about
light at 2 a.M.; six Blackbirds killed striking, with thirty-five
other birds (see under Thrush); wind light S.E.,, fog: 29th, a
very large number of birds about light at 3 A.M.; twelve Black-
birds and forty-eight other birds killed striking (see under
Thrush); wind fresh S.E., fog. November 23rd, Blackbirds
about light at 11 p.m.; three killed striking; wind light S.W.,
fog.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 28th, several Larks, Star-
lings, Thrushes, and Blackbirds about light during night; a
good many striking and falling overboard; wind moderate §.,
haze. November 25th, several Larks, Thrushes, and Blackbirds
about light from 8 P.M. to midnight; two killed; wind moderate
S.E., clear: a few Larks and Blackbirds about light between

560 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

9 pM. and 11 P.M. on 26th, 28th, 29th, and 30th; wind strong
Wor NOW.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 23rd, some struck lantern;
wind moderate S.E., gloomy: 29th to 30th, flocks of Thrushes
and Blackbirds and a few Fieldfares each night from 10 P.M.
to 11 p.M.; about a dozen got killed; wind light S.E., fog.
November 25th, a flock of Fieldfares and some Blackbirds and
Thrushes from 10 p.m. to midnight; haze. December 18th, a
few Starlings, Thrushes, and Blackbirds, and a great number of
Larks, about light from 11 P.M. to 3 AM. on 19th; three Larks
killed or disabled; “these birds (except Blackbird) were
probably attracted by our increased light during fog from the
Copeland islands” ; wind moderate S.E., fog.

Dunree Head—December 1st, a white Blackbird frequently
seen near lighthouse recently.

Aranmore.—November 6th, four about garden; very scarce
here during winter months; wind moderate E.

Arran Island, N.—¥ebruary 16th, flock going W. at 4 P.M.;
wind moderate S.W., clear: 20th, flock of Blackbirds and Star-
lings going N.E. October 23rd, one killed striking at 2 A.M.
[Wing received]; “Blackbirds and Thrushes seen on island for
first time since beginning of summer;” wind light E., dark:
31st, two killed striking at 2 a.m. [Legs and wings received],
and one killed striking at 3.30 a.m. [Leg and wing, with no date,
received with others killed striking during October and
November, probably belong to this specimen]. November 15th,
eight on island; three killed striking—[Legs and wings of three
received]; wind light 8.E., gloomy. December 18th, “several
Thrushes and Blackbirds all day on island; three killed strik-
ing” (see under Starling): 19th to 26th, Thrushes and Blackbirds
noted daily. “It is only when wind is off the land, «¢., from
S. to E.N.E., that these birds visit this isle.” .

‘Arran Island, S.—October 23rd, male Blackbird killed strik-
ing at 4 A.M.; wind moderate S.E., misty: 30th, female killed
‘striking at 3 A.M.; wind light S.E., gloomy: 31st, female dis-
abled at 8 P.M.; wind moderate 8.E., overcast. Residents, and
very seldom seen at night.

Skelligs—January 24th, two on rock at 10 AM.; wind light
N.W., mist. October 29th, five at 8 a.M.; wind strong 8.W.,
mist. December 11th, two all day; wind moderate N.W.

1897] IRISH COAST 561

Bull Rock—October 23rd, 24th, and 25th, ten Starlings,
three hen Blackbirds, and four Larks killed against lantern ;
during the day these birds were numerous on rock up to 10 A.M.
or 11 A.M. each day; wind E.; dark, gloomy weather at night.
November 1st to 4th, Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks
around light for past four nights, and on rock during daytime ;
four Starlings, ten Blackbirds (all females), four Thrushes, and
four Larks killed; wind moderate E.; dark, gloomy weather.

RinG-OvZEL (Zurdus torquatus, Linn.).

Fastnet—Great rush of birds from 9 P.M. on October 30th
to 6 A.M. on 31st; many fell into the sea; those caught were
chiefly Blackbirds, Thrushes, Redwings, and Chaffinches; also
killed or caught one Fieldfare, two Wrens, one Wheatear, one
Goldfinch, two Siskins, and “two birds, size of Blackbirds,
caught striking at 11 P.M. and 3 A.M.” [Ring-Ouzel received
in flesh; with Goldfinch; Wren, and two Siskins.]

Tuskar.—[November 21st, Ring-Ouzel received in flesh, with
Black Redstart and Golden-crested Wren, accompanying letter
dated November 18th; no white ring on this specimen. In
letter of December 19th, it is stated that the above three birds
“ struck lantern during middle watch; weather misty.”

Innishtrahull.—April 27th, one at lantern at 11.30 p.m.

HEDGE Sparrow (Accentor modularis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—September 12th, some all day; wind hght E.
October 27th, Hedge Sparrows noted.

Dungarvan,—April 22nd, one in hedge close to station; “ first
I have seen here—GrORGE DUNLEAVY.”

Arran Island, N—[September 12th, one received in flesh ;
caught striking lantern. |

Rosin (L£rithacus rubecula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—September 16th, three Robin Redbreasts round

_ station; wind light W.

Dungarvan.—May 25th, two noted, young birds just able to
fly. September 15th, two; “first seen for a long time.”

Tuskar.—February 5th, Robin on rock at 10 a.M.; wind light
S.W., mist: 15th, one on rock at 9 A.M.; wind light W., fog.

562 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—November 10th, three Robins
going N.W.; wind moderate S.E., haze.

Aranmore.—September 2nd, one Robin Redbreast on garden
wall; rare on island; gale N., cloudy. .

Repsrart (Luticilla phenicurus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—April 27th, “I am forwarding by this day’s
post a small bird I caught at lantern glass at 12.45 A.M. this
morning ”— [Redstart, adult male, received in flesh]; wind
moderate S.E., misty.

Rockabull.—April 20th, one Redstart on rock at 1 P.M.; wind
moderate N.W., clear: 28th, two Redstarts at light at 11 P.M. ;
one killed—[Redstart, adult male, received in flesh]; wind
moderate E., haze.

Innishtrahull—April 27th, one at lantern at 9 P.m., forwarded
—(Redstart, adult male, received in flesh, labelled as caught at
lantern on 28th]; wind hight W., misty.

Buack Repstart (Ruticilla titys, Scopoli).

Fastnet.—October 13th, one Redstart striking lantern at
4.30 A.M.; wind moderate N.E., misty—{Leg and wing of Black
Redstart received]: 20th, one on rock during day, evidently
came last night; wind light S.E., misty—[ Probably Black Red-
start.—R. M. B.]. November 2nd, one at 2 P.M.; strong breeze
S.E., overcast. [Leg and wing of Black Redstart received,
caught on rock.] |

Mine Head.—November 12th, two “ Blackstarts” noted; gale
S.W., mist.

Tuskar.—{ November 21st, received in flesh Black Redstart,
ting-Ouzel, and Golden-crested Wren, with letter dated
November 18th; a later letter (19/12/97) states that “they
struck lantern during middle watch; weather misty.”]

STONECHAT (Pratincola vubicola, Linn.)

Mine Head.—September 12th, “Stonechats” all day about
station; wind light E., overcast —[Possibly Wheatears].
November 15th, unknown bird shot and forwarded—{Stone-
chat received in flesh]: 22nd, Stonechats at noon; wind light
N., overcast.

1897] IRISH COAST 563

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—Apvil 27th, one “ Blackhead” lit
on ship; remained all day. [Probably either Blackcap or
Stonechat.—R. M. B.]

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 21st, one Stonechat in ship
at 10 A.M.; wind light S.E., foe: 27th, one about ship; haze.

Rockabill— March 28th, two at light at 2.50 a.m. [Possibly
Wheatears.—R. M. B.]; one killed; fresh breeze S.W., haze.

South Rock Lnght-ship.—October 18th, several Larks and
“Stonechats” going N.W. during day; wind moderate S.W.,
clear.

Innishtrahull—January 27th, one on island at 1 p.M.; wind
strong N., snow.

Rathlin O Birne—March 22nd, two all day; remain to breed;
gale 8.W.: 25th, eight. [Wheatear ?—R. M. B.]

WuincuatT (Pratincola rubetra, Linn.).

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—April 29th, “ Wheatear” found
dead on deck at 5 p.m. [Leg and wing of male Whinchat
received]; wind fresh 8.W., clear,

WHEATEAR (Saxicola wnanthe, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 30th and 31st, great rush of many species
of birds from 9 P.M. to 6 A.M., chiefly Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Redwings, and Chaffinches (see under Ring-Ouzel and Gold-
finch); one Wheatear caught at lantern. [Leg and wing
received. |

Dungarvan.—April 19th, one; first.seen. May 9th, a young

bird, not fully fledged, noted. August 15th, several close to

station; wind light W., showers: 20th, three noted, all young
birds.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— September 8th, one “ White-tail”
about ship; wind light S.E. October 26th, one rested on ship
and flew N.E. at 5.30 p.m.; wind moderate 8., clear.

Tuskar.—March 20th, one on rock at 7 A.M.; wind light 8.W.,
fog: 30th, two killed striking at 11 p.M.; wind moderate 8.W.,

overcast. [Legs and wings of two received. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 380th, about twenty
about light from 10 P.M. to midnight; fresh breeze 8.W., over-
cast; one killed striking—{Leg and wing received]: 31st, from
midnight to 2 A.M. about two hundred Wheatears and Larks

564 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
_

round light, with about forty ‘“Twites” and some “Golden
Wrens” (see under Chiffchaff); about forty birds killed; large
number falling overboard after striking lantern; large flock —
went for land at 2 AM.; light rain. September 20th, ten
Wheatears about light, went N.W.; wind moderate N.W., haze.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 22nd, a lot of small birds
about light—[Leg and wing of Wheatear received, also of
Willow Wren and Swallow, all found dead on deck]; wind light
E., dark night.

Rockabill—March 28th, two “Stonechats” at light at 2.30
A.M. [Probably Wheatears——R. M. B.]; one killed; fresh breeze
S.W., haze.

Innishtrahull—March 28th, two at lantern at 2 A.M.; wind
light N., misty. April 27th, three do. at 11.30 p.m.; Redstart,
Willow Wren, and Ring-Ouzel at. lantern same night; wind
light W., misty.

Skelligs—June 21st, two on rock at 2 P.M.

SEDGE WARBLER (Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechst.).

Tuskar.—[ April 30th, one received in flesh, presumably from
this station. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— April 21st, flock of Sedge
Warblers about light from 8.30 p.m. to 10.30 p.m; wind light
E., overcast; three killed and fell overboard. May 7th, two
large flocks of “ Wrens and Warblers” about light from 1 A.M.
to 4 a.M., then went N.W.; ten killed; wind light W., rain—
[Leg and wing of Sedge Warbler, and do. of Willow Wren,
killed striking, received]: 8th, large flock of “Wrens and
Warblers” about light from midnight to 3 a.m, flew for land;
twenty killed ; wind light S.W., overcast.

Rockabull—April 28th, seven about lhght at 11 P.M.; two,
and a Redstart, killed striking—[Sedge Warbler received in
flesh, with Redstart, Whitethroat, and Willow Wren]; wind
moderate E., haze.

WHITETHROAT (Sylvia cinerea, Bechst.).

Hook Tower—April 28th, little bird killed striking. [White-
throat received in flesh.]

1897] IRISH COAST 565

Rockabill— April 27th, five “Chiffchaffs” and seven “ Fly-
catchers” about light at 11 p.m.; one killed: 28th, two Sedge
Warblers and one Redstart killed—[Whitethroat, sent as
“Flycatcher, killed striking April 28th,” received in flesh,
with Willow Wren, sent as “Chiffchaff,’ and Sedge Warbler
and Redstart correctly named, all labelled as killed on 28th];
wind on both days moderate E., haze.

Innishtrahull—June 5th, bird, name uncertain, on island at
11 A.M.; forwarded in flesh—[Whitethroat received in flesh];
_ wind light N., fog.

a

BuackcaP (Sylvia atricapilla, Linn.).

— Luerfer Shoals Light-ship.—April 27th, one “ Blackhead ” lit

on board at 6 A.M., remained on board all day; light breeze E.,

light haze, gloomy. [Probably either Blackcap or Stonechat.—
R. M. B.]

WILLOW WREN (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—September 22nd, “ Flycatchers” and “Willow
Warblers” all round; some striking “slightly”; wind mod-
erate W.

Hook Tower.—April 24th, small bird killed striking. [Wil-

_ low Wren received in flesh. }
— Tuskar—fApril 10th, Willow Wren received in flesh. ]

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 26th, one “ Wren” found
dead at 9 a.m. [Leg and wing of Willow Wren received]; light

_ breeze E., rain: 28th, two “Wrens” alighted on ship at 6 A.M.;
calm, hazy. May ‘7th, two large flocks of “Wrens” and

- Warblers about light from 1 aM. to 4 aM.; ten killed—[Leg
and wing of Willow Wren, also of Sedge Warbler, killed
striking, received]; light breeze W., rain: 8th, large flock of
“Wrens” and Warblers about light from midnight to 3 A.M.;

_ twenty killed; light breeze S.W., overcast.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 22nd, a lot of small birds
about light at night—[Leg and wing of Willow Wren received,

found dead on deck, with legs and wings of Wheatear and

- Swallow, do.]; wind light E., dark.

| Arklow North Light-ship.—May 7th, two “Sallypickers” lit

on board during forenoon; wind light 8.W,, rain,

566 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Codling Bank Light-ship.—aApril 12th, one Willow Warbler
on ship at noon; wind light 8.E., light haze: 22nd, one on ship
at 10 a.M.; wind moderate E., light haze.

Rockabill—April 27th, five “Chiffchaffs” and seven “Fly-
catchers” about light; one killed: 28th, seven Sedge Warblers
and two Redstarts about light; two Sedge Warblers and one
Redstart killed—[ Willow Wren, sent as Chiffchaff, received in
flesh, with a Whitethroat, sent as “ Flycatcher,’ and a Sedge
Warbler and Redstart correctly named, all labelled as killed
striking on 28th]; wind moderate E., haze.

Carlingford.—September 4th, a strange bird caught at night.
[Willow Wren received in flesh. ]

Innishtrahuil— April 11th, four Willow Warblers on island
at 2 P.M.; wind light S.E., misty: 20th, one at lantern at
11 pM.; wind light S.E., clear: 27th, one Willow Warbler at
10 pm.; one “Chiffchaff” at midnight, injured; forwarded in
flesh—[Willow Wren received in flesh, sent as “Chiffchaff,
caught at lantern April 28th”]; wind light W., misty.

Skelligs—April 1st, one “ Willow Warbler” on rock at 8
A.M.; wind moderate N.E.: 3rd, two at noon; wind moderate
E., mist: 25th, one on rock; wind light S.E. September 8th,
seven at 8.50 A.M.; wind light 8., misty.

CHIFFCHAFF (Phylloscopus rufus, Bechst.).

Mine Head—April 27th, “ Chiffchaffs” at lantern at mid-
night ; light wind §., overcast, gloomy.

Blade Bank Light-ship.—March 31st, some “ Golden
Wrens” noted, with large numbers of Wheatears and Larks
round light from midnight to 2 a.m.; about forty birds killed ;
large numbers falling overboard after striking lantern—[Leg
and wing of Chiffchaff received, sent as “Golden Wren,”
killed striking]; wind W., light rain.

GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (Regulus cristatus, Koch).

Fastnet.—October 23rd, one caught in kitchen at 10.30 A.m.;
wind strong S.E., overcast. November 5th, one — in
dwelling at 7.30 A.M.; wind light 8.E., cloudy.

Bungdrian Apa 5th, four hott light at 12.10 A.M.; one
struck; wind moderate N.E., gloomy.

1897] IRISH COAST 567

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 5th, two small birds about
ship at 3 P.M.; one caught and sent by post—[Golden-crested
Wren received in flesh]; other “small birds” about light same
night from 6 p.m. to 11 p.M.; several killed and fell overboard ;
wind light S.E. ,

Tuskar.—[November 21st, one received in flesh, with
Ring-Ouzel and Black Redstart, accompanying letter dated
November 18th. “Struck lantern during middle watch;
weather misty.” ]

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—September 27th, one “Golden
Wren” about ship at 10.30 pM.; it rested and died from
exhaustion; wind light S.W., clear. [Golden-crested Wren
received in flesh. |

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—September 21st, four Gold-
Crests and one Wagtail about light at 10 P.M.; one Gold-Crest
on board during night; wind light N.W., cloudy: 29th, twenty
Thrushes, twenty Starlings, and four Gold-Crests about lantern
from midnight to 4 A.M.; two found killed on deck—| Leg and
wing of Golden-crested Wren, with do. of Thrush, received] ;
wind light 8.W., thick mist.

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 4th, “Golden Wrens,”
with Larks, about light; one killed; wind light S.W., rain.
April 30th, Sand Larks and Golden Wrens [? Willow Wrens
—R.M.B.] going N.W. during night; wind moderate N., clear.
October 18th, one Thrush and two “Golden Wrens” about
lantern at 9.15 p.m.; Thrush and one “Golden Wren” killed;
mind moderate W., clear.

Rockabill.— October 6th, two on rock; remained till 7th;
wind light §.W., cloudy: 21st, a large number of birds about
light ; one Golden-crested Wren and forty other birds killed
striking (see under Thrush) ; wind light 8.E., fog.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—September 29th, one bird, name
unknown, struck lantern at midnight—{Golden-crested Wren
received in flesh]; wind light W., clear.

TInnishtrahull.— March 22nd, one at lantern from 1 A.M. to
4 A.M. ; wind light S.E., haze: 27th, two do. at 1 A.M.; wind
light S., haze: 28th, four do, at 1 A.M.; wind light N., haze.

Skelligs—March 26th, one on rock at 8 AM.; gale S.W.:
29th, two at noon; wind light E. April 11th, two at 9.30 a.m;
wind moderate S,W.,; mist,

568 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897 |
>
WREN (Troglodytes parvulus, Koch).

Fastnet.—October 50th and 31st, great rush of birds between
9 pM. and 6 A.M; many killed and fell into the sea; two Wrens
killed striking at 11 P.m.; ten species noted (see under Ring- —
Ouzel and Goldfinch); wind fresh N.E., overcast. [Wren in
flesh, and leg and wing of another, received. ]

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 6th, one Wren on deck from
6 A.M. to 9 A.M.; flew N.E. to land; wind moderate S., clear.

Rockabill—_January 20th, one Wren on rock at 10 AM;
gale E., clear. April 4th, two on rock at noon; wind moderate
E., haze.

Bull Rock.—November 1st to 4th, two Common Wrens on
rock; wind moderate E., hazy.

“ WAGTAILS.”

Mine Head.—February 20th, four Wagtails going W.; strong
breeze W., misty. September 10th and 12th, some at station
all day; wind light E., overcast. December 9th, several; gale
N.W. .

Dungarvan.—August 12th, seven, in one flock, going S.W.;
wind moderate W.: 26th, very numerous all day about station;
wind strong W., squally. September 4th, nine going S.W. ;
fresh breeze W., rain: 10th, five going S.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship—November 3rd, one going N.E.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—September 9th, five at 11 a.m.
going W.; wind moderate E.: 10th, four going N.W.; light
breeze E.: 13th, two going N.W.; calm: 16th, three going W. ;
moderate breeze N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—April 24th, two going N.W.;
wind E. September 11th, two, and four Linnets, going N.W.:
12th, two “ White Wagtails” going N.W.; wind light E.: 15th,
five Linnets and three Wagtails going N.W.; two “ White
Wagtails” rested on ship at 3 P.M., remained ten minutes, then
flew to land; wind light N.E.: 21st, four Gold-Crests and one
Wacgtail about light ; wind light N.W., cloudy.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 21st, one going N. Sep- —
tember 23rd, one going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship.—April 28th, three Water Wagtails
going N.W. June 10th, one “Yellow Water Wagtail” and

1897] IRISH COAST 569
two Green Linnets going N.W.; wind light §., clear. September
30th, two Wagtails going N.W.
. Codling Bank Light-ship—April 15th, three “W. Wagtails”
in ship; wind moderate 8.W., clear: 16th, three in ship; wind
strong N.W., clear: 28th, one going N. May 10th, one going
_N.W.: 14th, one “ W. Wagtail” going N.W.at 5 am. September
12th, one lit on ship; stopped all day and night; wind light,
haze: 14th, one at 10 a.m. going N.W.
_ Kockabill—April 29th, one at light at 12.30 am, killed ;
wind moderate W., haze.
Aranmore.—August 6th, two on wall; first observed here ;
wind light 8.W., clear.
Skelligs—September 9th, one Pied Wagtail on rock; wind
light N.E.

TITLARK (Anthus pratensis, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 5th, four “ Rock Pipits” found killed
at lantern; wind light S.E., cloudy. [Leg and wing of Meadow

_ Pipit received. |
Mine Head.—September 10th and 12th, Titlarks and Sky-
larks going W. all day; wind light E., overcast. October 30th,

Titlarks noted ; “inhabitants of the place.”

Dungarvan.—June 7th, Pipits very numerous about station

all day.
Coningbeg Laght-ship—March 16th, one, and one Chaftinch,
about ship; flew N.E. to land. April 22nd, one died on deck.

May 9th, one rested and flew N.W. September 12th, two on
upper deck; flew N.E.: 13th, four going N.E.: 15th, one do.
_ November 3rd, one “Skylark” killed against lantern; leg and
wing sent—[Leg and wing of Titlark received]; wind fresh
SE, clear.

Tuskar.—March 7th, one on rock; light breeze N.: 25th,
several on rock.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 23rd, one lit on board;
wind fresh E. May 9th, one do., and two going N.W.; light
breeze N.W. December 4th, several flocks of ‘Bog Larks”
going N.W. [? Titlarks]; wind light N.W., clear.

Arklow North Light-ship.— April 24th, one died on deck,

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 23rd, one in ship; -wind
fresh E., haze: 24th, one about ship; wind moderate E, haze:

20

[| MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

_
25th, several on ship during day; wind light E., haze: 26th,
great numbers about ship from 8 a.m. to 2 P.M.; wind light
N.E., light haze.

South Rock Light-ship.— November 22nd, one at 9 A.M,
going W.

Aranmore.— November 28th, three on wall; gale N.W.,
hail.

Arran Island, N.—October 31st, one killed striking—
[Received in flesh; sent as “ Linnet”]; wind moderate N.E,
drizzling rain.

Skelligs.— August 17th, eight on rock all day ; wind moderate
N.W.

SKYLARK (Alauda arvensis, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 19th, two caught striking, with two
Chaffinches ; others struck, but they fell over cliff; wind light
S.E., foe—[Leg and wing of Skylark received]: 24th, numbers,
with Starlings and other birds, striking light; some killed and
disabled; wind fresh S.E., overcast: 25th, numbers of Larks”
and Starlings about lantern; some killed; strong breeze S.E.,
overcast: 26th, Larks, with Blackbirds, Chaffinches, Thrushes,
and Starlings, about light; some killed. November 24th, one
about lantern.

Mine Head.—April 27th, some at lantern at midnight; wind
light S., overcast. September 10th and 12th, Titlarks and
Skylarks going W. October 5th, about twenty Skylarks all
day ; wind light S.: 30th, Redwings and Skylarks gomg W.;
wind §.E., misty. November 14th, flocks going W.; gale N.:
23rd, flock all day; wind light N., overcast.

Dungarvan.—January 7th, several large flocks of Starlings
and Skylarks going E., flying very low, and all going in the one
direction ; “ they kept passing in alternate flocks, Starlings first,
Larks next, and so on—GrorGE DUNLEAVY;” wind light S.E,,
gloomy. February 25th, several at 10 p.m. flying in rays of
light, none coming close to the lantern glass; gale 8.W., misty.
~ November 24th, numbers about light from 10 p.m. to 11.30 p.m;
four struck ; wind light 8.E., gloomy, rain.

Hook Tower.—[December 24th or 25th, Skylark received in
flesh. ]

Coningbeg Light-ship—February 4th, one about ship; flew

~

1897] IRISH COAST 571

: N.E. March 17th, one do. June 26th, several rested on ship;
fog. August 28th, one noted. October 1st, one rested; flew
N.E.: 22nd, one, and two Starlings, rested; flew N. November
_ 8rd, one going N.E.: 5th, several about ship: 7th, flock going
N.: 17th, Larks and Chaffinches about light; some killed and
fell overboard ; wind moderate 8.W., rain: 19th, large numbers
of Thrushes, Stares, Skylarks, and Blackbirds about light;
several killed and fell overboard; gloomy: 23rd, one killed
striking at 8.30 p.m. [Leg and wing received. ]
Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 2nd, large flock going
N.W.; wind moderate S.E., clear.
pie Folirnary 3rd, several striking at midnight; one
killed—[Leg and wing received]; wind light S.W., fog: 22nd,
some about lantern from 7 P.M. to midnight; nine killed; wind
moderate 8.W., cloudy: 23rd, several about light from 7 P.M.
until 3 A.M. on 24th; seventeen killed; wind fresh S.W., cloudy.
[December, Legs and wings received of two Larks, said to have
struck lantern between November 20th and December Ist.]
Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—October 18th, three flocks going
N.W.; wind moderate 8.W.: 19th, flocks going N.W.; wind
light W.: 30th, several small flocks of Larks and Linnets going
S.E., “towards Wales”; calm. November 2nd, small flocks
Linnets and Larks going S.E.; wind moderate S.E,, clear: 17th,
several small flocks of Larks going W.; moderate breeze S.W.,
rain: 18th, about twenty Larks in twos and threes going W.;
light breeze N.W.: 19th, two going W.: 21st, four rested;
calm. December 10th, one going W.: 25th, one rested.
Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 3rd and 4th, some
about light from 10 p.m. to 7 A.M.; went N.W.; calm, fog:
6th, some, with Thrushes, at light from midnight to 8 A.M:
22nd, Curlew, Larks, and Starlings about light from 8 P.M;
went towards land at midnight; wind light S.W., haze; two
birds killed—[Leg and wing of Lark and Starling received] :
23rd, large number of Larks, Starlings, and Thrushes round
light all night; about forty killed. March 2nd, a few about
light; wind light W., drizzle: 21st, ten going N.W.; wind
light S.W., fog: 22nd, flocks of Starlings and Larks going
N.W.; wind moderate S.W., rain: 25th, large number of
Curlew, Larks, and Starlings about light from 7 P.M.; went
towards land at midnight: 31st, about two hundred Wheatears

572 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
~

and Larks about light from midnight to 2 a.M.; about forty
killed striking, large number falling overboard; large flock
went towards land at 2 a.M.; light rain. September 25th, two
“Ground Larks” going 8.E.; remained two hours on ship:
27th, flock going N.W.; wind light S.W.; four Larks and two
Petrels about light. October 8th, four Larks going N.W.: 9th,
one “Ground Lark” do.: 14th, one Lark found dead at noon
—[Leg and wing received]; wind light S.W., clear: 18th,
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks about light; three Blackbirds
and six Thrushes killed; many others struck and fell over-
board; wind moderate S.W., clear: 19th and 20th, flocks of
Larks going N.W.; calm: 21st, five “Ground Larks” going
E.: 29th, rush of Blackbirds and other birds about light; ten
killed—[Leg and wing of Lark received]; wind moderate 5.,
cloudy: 31st, about a hundred Thrushes, Blackbirds, Larks,
and Starlings about light; wind moderate S.E., showery.
November 9th, four Larks going N.W. December 13th, two
going N.W.: 18th, flocks of Larks about light from 9 P.M. to
midnight; one found dead on deck—[Leg and wing received];
wind light N.E., overcast: 19th, from midnight to 7 a.M. flocks
of Larks and other birds about light; about a hundred killed
and fell overboard; light breeze 8.E., overcast; at 11 a.m. flocks
of Linnets, Larks, and other birds going N.W.; clear: 25th,
flock of Larks going N.W. at noon; strong breeze 8.W., showery.
Arklow South Light-ship.—February 3rd, Starlings, Thrushes,
and Larks about ship all night; several struck and fell over-
board; wind light 8.W., fog: 6th, one Lark about ship. April
19th, two going N.W. October 18th, two going N.W.: 19th,
five going N.W.: 29th and 30th, a lot of Starlings, Larks, and
other small birds about light; wind moderate S.E., haze.
November 22nd and 23rd, some going N. December 18th,
some going N.W.
Arklow North Light-ship—February 1st, several about light,
five killed; wind light S.E., rain: 2nd, Larks and Starlings
about light; two Larks and three Starlings killed; wind light
’ N.W., overcast: 3rd, Larks and Starlings at light; five Larks
and two Starlings killed; wind light 8.W., fog: 4th, “Golden
Wrens” and Larks at light; one “Golden Wren” and four
Larks killed; wind light S.W., rain: 11th, Larks and Linnets
at light; three Larks and one Linnet killed; wind light E.,

:

1897] IRISH COAST 573

overcast: 15th, two Green Linnets and one Lark found dead on
deck. March 6th, about a hundred small land-birds, probably
Larks, going N.W. during day: 14th, a few Larks going N.;
two killed by Sea-Gull. October 3rd, several going W.; wind

fresh N.E.: 4th, several Skylarks and Green Linnets going E.

during day; wind light N.W.: 6th, a number of small birds,
probably Larks and Starlings, going N.W. during day; wind
fresh W.: 8th, several Larks and Starlings going N.W.; wind

fresh 8.W.: 9th, Larks and Starlings going W.; wind moderate

N.W.: 10th, Larks and Green Linnets going N.W.; wind fresh
S.W.: 17th, some flocks of Larks and Linnets going N.W.;
gale S.W.: 19th and 20th, several flocks of Larks going N.W.:
21st, Larks and Green Linnets going N.W.

Codling Bank Lrght-ship—January 25th, five about ship ;
gale N. February 4th, four do. at 7 a.Mm., and flock at 11 a.m;
several caught; wind light 8.W., fog: 5th, several flocks during
day; wind variable, fog: one or two noted on 6th, 8th, 12th,
14th, 18th, 20th, and 28th. March 7th, one going E.: 8th,
a flock going E.: 15th, some going E.: 18th, several “Ground
Larks” going different ways: 20th, several Larks, with Chaf-
finches, going N.W. from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M.; wind light 8.W., light
haze and fog. May 16th, one at 11 a.m. going N.W. September
14th, several flocks of “Ground Larks” going N.W. from 6 a.m.
to 9 AM.; calm: 23rd, two do. going N.W.: 27th, flocks of
do. going N.W.; wind light S.W. October 4th, several Larks
going N.W. from 10 a.m. to noon: 8th, several going N.W.;
wind fresh N.W., clear: 12th, great flocks going N.W. from
8 AM. to noon; wind moderate N.W., clear: 17th, five going
N.W.; gale S.W., light haze: 18th and 19th, great lots of
Larks going N.W. from 9 A.M. to noon; wind moderate S.W.,
clear: 21st, flocks going N.W.; fog. November 3rd, several
“Ground Larks” going E.; wind variable, clear: 5th, flock of
Skylarks going N.W.; wind E.: 16th, flock of Larks going
N.W.; wind fresh S.W., overcast: 19th, flock going N.W.;
wind moderate W., clear: 21st, several do. December 10th,
two flocks going N.W.; wind fresh W.: 18th, great flocks of
Larks and Chaffinches about light, and going “variously” all
day; wind light 8.W., haze: 24th, three Larks going N.W.

Rockabill— January 9th, seven about light; one killed

striking; wind moderate E., haze. March 7th, three about

574. ) MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
~

light; one killed striking; wind moderate E., cloudy: 27th,
a dozen about light at 2 A.M.; seven, and one Water-Rail, killed
striking; wind fresh §., haze. April 25th, five, with four
Thrushes, about light. October 10th, six, with two Yellow-
hammers, six Chaffinches, and ten Starlings, on rock in the
afternoon ; strong breeze S.W., clear: 11th, the Skylarks left
rock and went N.W., Starlings and Chaffinches remaining:
20th, nine on rock at 3 P.M; wind light S.E., cloudy: 21st,
a large number of birds about light at 2 A.m.; forty-one killed
striking; a dozen “Skylarks and Starlings” amongst them (see
under Thrush); wind light S.E., fog. November 10th, Larks,
Thrushes, and Fieldfares about light at 1 A.M.; two Larks and
six other birds killed striking; wind light S., misty. December
31st, six on rock.

South Rock Light-ship—October 12th, several Larks and
Linnets going N.W.; wind moderate N.W.: 13th, several Larks
and Chaffinches going do.; wind light N.E.: 14th, flocks of
Larks going N.W.; wind moderate E.: 15th, several going
N.W.: 18th, several Larks and “Stonechats” going N.W.:
19th, flocks going W.: 20th, some, with Chaffinches, going W.:
21st, some, and two Linnets, going W.: 22nd, a few, with
Linnets and Starlings, going W.: 23rd, a few about light at
10 p.M.; wind light S.E., clear: 24th, a few going 8.E. during
day ; wind light S.H.: 25th, a few about light; haze: 26th,
two going §.E.; several about light; haze: 27th and 28th, some
about light; haze: 29th, a good number during day; haze:
30th, Larks and Starlings about light; many striking and
falling overboard; wind light E., fog: 31st, a great number
of Larks going E. during day; wind moderate E., haze.
November 10th, a few about light: 11th, some going N.W.:
12th, some going E.; wind strong S.W., rain: 13th, two going
E.; some about light: 14th, some going E.: 15th, a few about
light: 17th, a few do.: 18th and 19th, a few going E.: 20th,
several, and 21st, a couple about light: 23rd, a few going S. at
11 aM.; a few about light at night: 24th, a few about light:
25th, some, with Thrushes and Blackbirds, about light; two
birds killed striking; wind moderate S.E., clear: 26th, a few
going W. at 11 a.M.; a few, with Blackbirds, about light: 27th
and 28th, a few going W.: 28th and 29th, a few, with Black-
birds, about light; wind strong N.W. December Ist, a few at

1897] IRISH COAST 575

light: 2nd, two going S.: 4th, a few going S.: 6th, a few going
S., and a few about light at 9 p.m.: 10th, a oo. going S.W.
at 8 A.M.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 23rd, some about: light,
with other birds, at 10 p.m.; Lark, “Thrush,” and Starling
killed striking—[Legs and wings received of Lark, Redwing,
and Starling]; wind moderate S.E., gloomy. December 18th,
a great number of Larks about light from 11 P.M. to 3 A.M. on
19th, one killed ; fog.

Innishtrahull. oP anuary 26th, twenty on island at 4 P.M. ;
wind fresh N.W., snow. February 6th, three at lantern at
4 AM.; wind light S., mist. March 21st, two at lantern at
9 pM.; disabled; wind light S8.W., misty: 22nd, five from
1 AM, to 4 a.M.; disabled; wind light S.E., haze: 27th, five at
11 P.M.; not injured: 28th, two at 1.30 AM.

Rathlin O Birne—February 5th, ten going S.; wind moderate
E. March 24th, six all day; gale S.W.

Arran Island, S—Autumn, Skylarks are residents, and very

seldom seen at night.

Bull Rock.—October 23rd to 25th, four killed against lantern,
with ten Starlings and three Blackbirds ; numerous on rock
each day to 10 A.M. or 11 A.M.; wind E., dark, gloomy weather
at night. November 1st to 4th, Larks, with other birds, round
light each night, and on rock during daytime; four killed

_ striking ; also four Starlings, ten Blackbirds, and four Thrushes;
wind moderate E., dark, gloomy weather.

—

Snow Bontine (Plectrophenax nivalis, Linn.).

Mine Head.—March 5th, five going N.W.; wind fresh W.
November 12th, three noted. December 10th, two going N.W.;
strong breeze W.: 12th, ten noted: 20th, two or three noted;
gale E., overcast.

Rockabill—February 2nd, unknown bird caught on rock—
[Snow Bunting received in flesh]: 14th, two Snow Buntings
on rock at 9 A.M.: 19th, one at light at 1 A.M.; killed; wind

- moderate W., haze.

Innishtrahull._January 24th, flock on island at 3 p.M.; fresh
breeze N.W. March 22nd, one at lantern from 1 A.M. to 4 A.M.;
wind light 8.E., haze.

576 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Aranmore.—October 20th, eighteen “ey wall at 9 a.M.; the
first seen; wind moderate 8.W. November 3rd, ten; wind
fresh 8.E., misty. December 26th, five; wind strong 8.W.,
misty.

Rathlin O’Birne—January 9th, large flock going W.; wind
moderate E.: 16th, six going 8.: 21st, ten, and 23rd, eight all
day ; wind light N. February 8th, ten going S.; wind fresh
S.E.

Arran Island, N.i—April 1st, one, in summer plumage, on
island; wind light N.E.: 15th, two do. all day; gale W.: 21st,
one killed striking—[Adult male, in summer plumage, received
in flesh]; fresh breeze N.E., fog. “This bird came to island on
1st inst.; a second arrived on the 15th, and left when this one
was killed.” July 6th, one all day; wind moderate W., gloomy:
20th, two at 8 P.M.; wind light N.W. October 30th, three at
9 a.M.; wind light S.E.

Skelligs.—October 3rd, several on rock at noon; wind light N.

Bull Rock.—October 10th, two on rock at 10 A.M,; first this
year; wind fresh N.W. :

REED BUNTING (Lmberiza scheniclus, Linn.).

Innishtrahull—April 13th, one Black-headed Bunting at
lantern at 2 a.M.; disabled striking—[Leg and wing of Reed
Bunting received]; wind light 8.E., misty.

YeELLow Buntine (Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.).

Rockabiil—F ebruary 5th, two on rock; wind light 8.E., haze.
October 10th, two, with a number of Larks, Chaffinches, and
Starlings, on rock; strong breeze S.W. December 18th, two on
rock; wind ight W.

Skelligs—May 30th, one on rock at 4 p.M.; wind fresh S.W.

CHAFFINCH (Fringilla celebs, Linn.).

Fastnet—October 18th, three hen Chaffinches caught at
lantern at midnight ; wind light S8.W., cloudy—[Leg and wing
received]: 19th, a number of birds struck lantern; two Larks
and two cock Chaffinches caught striking; others fell over
cliff; wind light 8.E., fog: 24th, numbers of Starlings, Thrushes,
Larks, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, etc., about light; some killed ;

= iti

1897] IRISH COAST 577

wind fresh S.E., overcast: 26th, Blackbirds, Chaffinches,
Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks about light; some killed; wind
moderate S.E., overcast: 30th and 31st, very large rush of
birds; quantities killed, and fell into the sea; those caught
were chiefly Blackbirds, Common Thrush, and Redwing; also
large numbers of Chaffinches (for additional particulars see
under Goldfinch); wind fresh N.E., overcast. November 3rd
and 4th, numbers of Chaffinches, Thrushes, Redwings, Starlings,
and Blackbirds during night; many killed; wind fresh S.E,,
overcast.

Mine Head.—February 5th, several going N.W.; wind fresh E.,
misty. March 5th, flock going N.W.; wind fresh W.: 12th,
Green Linnets and Chaffinches going W.; fresh breeze N.W.:
20th, flock of Chaffinches going S.W. at noon; fog, October
25th, about a hundred Chaffinches in the morning; some going
W.; several struck; wind moderate S.E., overcast: 29th, some
all day. November 5th to 8th, about fifty; some going W.,
some at light: 23rd, some all day; wind light N. December
3rd, a few.

Dungarvan.—January 18th, numbers all day about station;
frost: 19th and 20th, very numerous; wind E., gloomy: 29th,
numbers all day; gloomy; several came into house, looking for
food. December 8th, several about station; fresh breeze S.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship.—January 23rd, two going N.W.; rested
two hours; light snow showers. March 16th, one about ship.
April 5th and 6th, one on deck. October 23rd, two on ship;
flew N.E.; overcast: 24th, three rested. November 2nd and
3rd, one on deck: 4th, one dead on deck at 8 a.m. [Leg and
wing received]: 5th, one killed striking—[Leg and wing
received]: 9th, one flying N.E.: 10th, one rested on ship;
“ Sparrow-Hawk in chase of Chaffinch, attacked by Gulls, which
saved life of Chaffinch”: 17th, Larks and Chaffinches about
light ; several killed, fell overboard; wind S.W., haze: 18th,
one about ship; flew N.E. December 2nd, one about ship; not
able to reach land; wind fresh N.E.: 20th, one about ship from
9 A.M. to 2 P.M.; died from fatigue; wind S.E.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 3rd, several going N. at
7.30 A.M.; three rested on ship till noon; wind moderate S.E.,
clear: 5th, flocks of Starlings and Chaffinches going N.W.;
wind light N.E., clear.

578 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
_

Tuskar.—February 13th, one on rock at 9 A.M.; wind light
W., fog. March 7th, one male Chaffinch on rock; wind light
N.: 25th, one at 8 Am.; light breeze W., mist. [December,
Legs and wings of two received; believed to have struck
lantern between November 20th and December 1st. ]

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—April 27th, one Chaffinch and one
“Blackhead” lit on board, remained all day; light breeze E.,
hazy. October 13th, one rested on ship at 9 a.m., left and went
E.; wind moderate E.: 14th, one at 9 A.M., rested on ship and
died exhausted; wind moderate S.E., hazy: 22nd, four rested
at 10 aM. went W.; light breeze S.E.: 24th, four at 2 PM,
remained all night, one died; fresh breeze S.H., clear: 26th,
several going W. from 3 P.M. to 5 P.M.; some of these rested on
ship; wind moderate S.E., clear: 29th, some, with Starlings,
Blackbirds, and Thrushes, around lantern from 7 P.m.; left for
the land about 6.30 A.M.; two Blackbirds and one Chaffinch
striking; fresh breeze S.E. November 4th and 6th, two rested
each day; wind light S.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—March 22nd, flocks of Starlings,
Larks, and Chaffinches going N.W.; wind moderate S.W., rain.
September 19th, three going N.W. October 14th, Chaffinch
dead on deck at 8 A.M.; wind fresh §.E., rain—[Leg and wing
received]: 15th, flock going N.; wind strong 8.W.: 18th,
flock going N.W.; wind fresh 8.W.: 19th, one dead on
deck at 8 A.M.; wind light N.W. [Leg and wing received]:
21st, flock going N.W.; wind light 8%, gloomy: 23rd,
about twenty going N.W. during day; wind S.E., gloomy:
25th, ten going N.W.: 27th, one going N.W.: 29th, a few
about light. November Ist, four going N.W.: 5th, four
remained about ship during day: 8th, four gomg N.W.: 18th,
four about ship, remained till dark; wind light N.W. December
18th, flock going N.W. [Leg and wing of one caught on deck
received]; wind light S.W.: 19th, flocks of Linnets, Larks,
Thrushes, and Chaffinches going N.W. at 11 AM.; two found
dead on deck—[Leg and wing of Chaffinch, also of Linnet and
Lark, found dead on deck, received]; wind light S.E., clear:
26th, one about ship at 10 A.M.; wind strong S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—October 19th, some going N.W.;
wind light N.W. December 18th, some going N.W.; wind
light N.E.

1897] IRISH COAST 579

Arklow North Light-ship.—October 24th, several flocks of
Starlings and Chaffinches going N.W. during day; three of the
latter died on deck exhausted; wind light E., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— March 15th, flock, with some
Larks, going E. from 1 P.M. to 4 P.M.; wind moderate S.W.:
20th, Larks and Chaffinches going N.W. from 9 A.M. to 2 P.M. ;
wind light 8.W., fog. October 18th and 19th, several each day
going N.W. and on ship; wind moderate to light 8.W., clear:
20th, several in ship during day; wind light S.W.: 22nd,
one in ship: 23rd, one do.: 24th, several on ship from 9 A.M. to
5.30 p.M.; wind light E.: 25th, several, and one Green Linnet,
in ship during day, one killed; flock at 4.50 p.m. round ship,
went W.; wind light 8.E., haze: 26th, flock at 7.30 A.M. on
ship and going N.W.; several in ship during day, one killed ;
wind light §., light haze: 27th and 28th, lots of small birds
about light at night, several killed and disabled, some falling
overboard—[Leg and wing of Chaffinch, with leg and wing of
Blackbird, both killed on 28th, received]; wind light S., rain:
29th, one in ship. November 4th, one found dead on deck:
7th, one do.: 22nd, two going W. December 2nd, one going
N.W.: 18th, great flocks of Larks and Chaffinches about light
and going “variously” all day; wind light 8.W., haze; several
Chaffinches and Green Linnets in ship during night; wind
light S.E., overcast: 22nd, one on ship at 8 A.M.: 23rd, one do.:
24th, one going N.E.: 26th, one going N.W.

Rockabill—January 15th, six on rock; wind moderate N.E.,
clear. February 10th, four on rock; wind W., haze. October
6th, ten on rock, with seven Greenfinches, two “Redwing
Thrushes,” and two Golden-crested Wrens; Chaffinches and
Gold-Crests remained until 1 P.M. on the 7th; wind light S.W.,
cloudy : 10th, six on rock, with some Skylarks, Yellowhammers,
and Starlings; strong breeze 8.W., clear: 11th, Larks went
N.W., Chaffinches and Starlings remain about rock: 21st, a
large number of birds about light (see under Greenfinch); nine
Chaffinches and thirty-two other birds killed striking; wind
light S.E., fog: 29th, a very large number of birds about light
at 3 A.M.; eight Chaffinches and fifty-two other birds (chiefly
Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Starlings) killed striking; all gone at
daylight except a number of disabled Starlings; wind fresh S.E.,
fog. December 12th, three on rock; wind fresh §., clear.

580 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
_

South Rock Light-ship—October 13th, some, with Larks,
going N.W.; wind light N.E., clear: 20th, some, with Larks,
going W.; wind light S.W., clear: 28th, one on deck: 29th, a
few going N.W. during day: 30th, one going N.W.

Arran Island, N.—October 26th, one “ Hedge Sparrow ” killed
strikinge—[Leg and wing of Chaffinch received]; wind fresh
S.E.,gloomy. [November 1st, Chaffinch killed striking, received
in flesh. ]

Arran Island, S—October 31st, one disabled striking at
10 p.M.; wind moderate 8.E., overcast.

Skelligs—March 25rd, six on rock; wind moderate §., mist.
August 29th, two on rock; gale W. September 27th, four do.;
wind moderate S. November 17th, five do.; wind light W.,
mist. .

BRAMBLING (Fringilla montifringilla, Linn.) ?

Shelligs.—May 29th, one “ Mountain Finch” on rock at noon;
wind strong 8.W.—THomas KIne.

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus, Linn.).

Dungarvan—July 13th, fifty noted ; “ first seen about station
since I came, although they are numerous in the neighbourhood.”
—GEr0. DUNLEAVY.

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 19th, one “cock Sparrow”
rested on ship and flew N.E.; wind light, variable, clear.

Arran Island, N—Autumn, when the wind is off the land,
a good number of Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, Linnets,
“ Sparrows,” and Curlew visit island.

Arran Island, S—Autumn, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Linnets,
Sparrows, and Skylarks are residents, but are very seldom seen
at night.

HAwrFINcH (Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas).

Hook Tower.—October 25th, a little bird found killed against
lantern glass; wind fresh 8.E., cloudy—{ Male Hawfinch received
in flesh]. [November 5th, Hawfinch received in flesh, killed
striking on 4th.]

Tuskar—November, two unknown birds forwarded which
struck lantern on night of the 1st instant, at 3.30 a.M.; wind
S.E., hazy. [Hawfinch and Siskin received in flesh. ]

1897] IRISH COAST 581

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chioris, Linn.).

Mine Head—March 12th, Green Linnets and Chaffinches
going W.; wind fresh N.W. October 5th, several all day ;
wind light §.: 24th, Greenfinches noted round the farmhouses ;
moderate breeze E., overcast. November 5th to 8th, flocks
noted: 23rd, some all day.

Dungarvan.—January 18th, numbers of Chaffinches and
Green Linnets all day about station; wind N.E., frost: 19th,
numbers do., with Blackbirds and Thrushes ; wind moderate E.,
gloomy.

Tuskar.—{ December, wing of Greenfinch received; believed
to have struck lantern between November 20th and December
1st. ]

Blackwater Bank Lnght-ship—December 20th, one found
dead on deck at 10 a.m. [Leg and wing received]; fresh breeze
S.E., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—December 18th, a few flocks of
Green Linnets going N.W. from 2 P.M. to 4 P.M.; wind light
N.E., overcast.

Arklow North Light-ship.—February 14th, two Green Linnets
and one Lark found dead on deck; calm, clear. April 7th, four
about ship all day; wind light N.W., clear: 20th, one died on
deck; wind moderate 8.W., clear: 27th, two died on deck;
wind light N.E., clear. June 10th, one Yellow Water-Wagtail
and two Green Linnets going N.W. during forenoon; wind light
S., clear: 18th, one on ship, died on deck; wind fresh N.W.,
clear. October 4th, going E. during day; wind light N.W.,
clear: 10th, some going N.W., one died; wind fresh 8.W., clear:
21st, some going N.W. during day, one found dead; wind light
and variable, light haze.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—October 25th, one on ship and
one killed; wind light S.E., light haze. November 22nd, four
going W. December 18th, several on ship during night, one
killed; wind light S.E., overcast: 19th, two on ship; haze:
[21st, Leg and wing of male Greenfinch received, “ killed’).

Rockabill—January 7th, two on rock; wind fresh E., haze.
February 5th, two do.; wind light S.E., haze. October 6th,
seven on rock at noon; wind light S.W., cloudy: 21st, Green-
finch, with large number of other birds, about light at 2 a.m.,

582 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

;
two killed striking, with six Blackbirds, a dozen Skylarks and
Starlings, four Fieldfares, seven Thrushes, nine Chaffinches,
and one Golden-crested Wren; all birds that struck on this
night were killed, none found disabled next morning; wind
light S.E., fog,

Skelligs—June 2nd, one on rock ; wind moderate S.

GOLDFINCH (Carduelis elegans, Stephens).

Fastnet— October 30th and 31st, great rush of birds from
9 pM. to 6 AM., chiefly Blackbird, Thrush, Redwing, and
Chaffinch; many killed and fell into the sea; one Fieldfare,
two Common Wrens, one small pind sees M. B.], two
birds size of Blackbird—[Ring-Ouzels—R. M. B.], and one
Wheatear, killed or caught striking; one Goldfinch killed
striking, picked up dead—[Goldfinch received in flesh, with
male and female Siskin, Ring-Ouzel, and Wren]. “This is the
second Goldfinch I have got since coming here.—E. Rouu” (see
“ Migration Report,’ 1896, p. 518). Wind fresh N.E., overcast.

Dungarvan.—September 19th, three in lighthouse field ; wind
moderate N.W., clear.

Codling ahh Light-ship. inal 9th, two lit on ship at 5 A.M.
for about ten minutes, and then went W.; wind moderate N.W.,
clear.

Aranmore.—October 22nd, one on hedge at east side of
island; only one ever observed here; wind moderate 8.E., clear.
—J. C. MacGinuzy. [But see “ Migration Reports” for 1882,
1884, 1886, 1887, and 1890.]

SISKIN (Carduelis spinus, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 24th, two small birds, name not known,
caught at lantern between 2 A.M. and 4 A.M.; wind fresh S.E.,
overcast—[Two Siskins received in flesh]: 30th and 31st,
unknown bird forwarded, struck lantern in a rush of many
species between 9 P.M. and 6 A.M. (see under Goldfinch); wind
fresh N.E., overcast. [Two Siskins received in flesh, with
Goldfinch, Ring-Ouzel, and Wren. ]

Tuskar—November, two unknown birds forwarded which
struck lantern on night of the 1st instant at 3.30 AM.; wind
S.E., hazy. [Male Siskin and Hawfinch received in flesh.]

1897] IRISH COAST 583

Codling Bank Light-ship.— October 27th, one Siskin in ship ;
wind moderate S., light haze.

Skelligs—October 9th, four on rock at 4 p.M., leg and wing
forwarded. [Leg and wing of Siskin, caught at lantern,
received. |

Linnet (Linota cannabina, Linn.).

Mine Head.—September 19th, about fifty noted; wind light
N. October 8th, a great many; wind fresh W.: 9th, “Swallows
and Linnets,” great flocks day and night, some struck lantern ;
wind light W.: 14th, great flocks of Linnets going W.; wind
light W.; rain and mist. December 3rd, flocks all day about
station; wind light N.W.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— March 13th, one about ship, died on
deck; wind N.E., light haze: 27th, two about ship; flew N.;
dense fog. October 9th, flock going N.W.: 19th, several flocks;
wind light S.W., clear: 21st, three flocks going S.E.; wind light
E., haze: 25th, several flocks going 8.; wind S.E., light haze:
26th, flock going N.E.; wind fresh S. November 3rd, flock of
Grey Linnets going N.E.; wind moderate E.: 6th, one Grey
Linnet on deck, flew N. December 18th, one “cock Linnet”
killed striking at 8.30 p.M.; wind moderate S.E., gloomy—[Leg
and wing of Linnet received]: 19th, several flocks passing ship,
flying N.E.; wind moderate S.E., gloomy.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—February 24th, two flocks, about
a dozen in each, going N.W.; strong breeze 8.W. April 13th,
one going N.W.: 15th, two going N.W.: 17th, one going W.:
2ist, two going N.W. October 10th, one rested on ship: 30th,
several small flocks of Larks and Linnets from 11 A.M. to 3 P.M.
going §.E. towards Wales; calm. November 2nd, several small
flocks of Linnets and Larks going S.E. from 11 A.M. to 2 P.M.;
wind moderate S.E., clear. December 6th, one Linnet.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.September 11th, four, and two
Wagtails, going N.W.: 13th, five, and three Wagtails, going
N.W.: 16th, two Grey Linnets lit on board, then flew S.E.:
19th, one going N.W. October 25th, ten going N.W.: 26th,
one found dead on ship—[Leg and wing received]. November
8th, two going N.W.: 10th, “three Robins and a Linnet” going
N.W.; wind moderate S.E., haze: 18th, two about ship, remained
till dusk. December 12th, three going N.W.: 17th, four do, ;

584 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
>

fog: 19th, flocks of Linnets, Larks, Thrushes, and Chaffinches
going N.W. at 11 a.m.; wind light S.E., clear; two found dead
on deck—[Leg and wing of Linnet, also of Chaffinch, received] :
25th, flock going N.W.; wind strong S.W.

Arklow South Light-ship—April 26th, two Grey Linnets
going N.W., rested a while on ship; wind light N.E., gloomy:
28th, some going N.W. May 4th, some passing in twos and
threes, N.W. and N.E.; fresh breeze S.W., cloudy: 16th, one
going N.E. September 12th, two going S.E. October 18th
and 19th, flocks going N.W. during day; wind westerly.
December 3rd, large flock going N.W. at 9 aM.; wind light
N.W., clear.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 6th, several flocks of
Grey Linnets going W. during day, two killed; calm: 11th,
Larks and Linnets about light during night, three Larks and
one Linnet killed; wind light E, overcast. October 17th,
several flocks of Larks and Linnets going N.W.; gale 8.W.,
showery.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— April 19th, two going N.W. May
12th, four lit on ship at 4.30 a.m, stopped thirty minutes, then
flew W. December 5th, one in aft 11th, one do.

South Rock Light-ship.—October 12th, several, with Larks,
going N.W. during day; wind moderate N.W., clear: 21st, two
going W.: 22nd, a few Larks, Linnets, and Starlings going W.
November 20th, one going 8.W. December 3rd, three going
S.W.: 4th, a few going S.W.: 5th, two going W.: 7th, one going
W.: 8th, three, and 9th, two, “wanted to get W.N.W., but
unable with force of wind”; heavy gale W. to W.N.W., clear.

Innishtrahull—May 23rd, one on island; wind light N., misty.

Aranmore.—October 26th, flock of Grey Linnets flying about;
strong breeze 8.: 27th, flock “Rose Linnets,” one caught with
bird-lime ; wind fresh 8.E., clear. November 5th, twenty-five
going W.; wind light 8.E., misty. December 5th, four about
station: 26th, eighteen going E.; wind strong 8.W., misty.

Arran Island, N.—September 6th, three “Linnets” on
island ; wind moderate W. (see under Titlark): 29th, two going
E.; wind strong N., showery. “When the wind is S.E.,, E., or
N.E., a.e., off the land, a good many visit isle.”

Arran Island, S—Autumn, Linnets are residents, but are
very seldom seen at night.

1897] IRISH COAST 585

“ TWITE.”
Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— March 31st, about forty
“Twites” noted, with large number of Wheatears and Larks
round light from midnight to 2 A.M.

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.).

Fastnet.—October 24th, numbers of Starlings, Thrushes, Red-
wings, Larks, Chaffinches, and Blackbirds at light during night ;
some killed, some disabled; wind fresh S.E., overcast: 25th,
numbers of Larks and Starlings; some killed striking; strong
breeze S.E., overcast: 26th, some, with Blackbirds, Chaffinches,
Thrushes, and Larks, at light; some killed striking; wind
moderate §.E., overcast. November 3rd and 4th, numbers of
Chaffinches, Thrushes, Redwings, Starlings, and Blackbirds
about light; many killed; wind fresh S8.E., overcast.

Mine Head—F¥ebruary 3rd, flock at noon going W.; fog:
20th, flock noted. March 9th and 12th, Stares going W.
October 14th, about fifty going W.; wind light W., mist and
rain: 23rd, great flocks all day ; some at lantern; wind fresh
E., overcast—[Leg and wing of Starling, striking October 23rd,
received : do., striking 29th: do., 30th]. November 5th to 8th,
flocks; some at light: 14th, some going N.W.; gale N.
December 3rd, great flocks all day; wind light N.W.

Dungarvan—January 7th, several large flocks of Starlings
and Skylarks going E., flying very low; “kept passing in
alternate flocks;” wind light S.E., gloomy: 27th, great numbers
of Lapwings and Starlings in fields about station from 9 A.M, to
11 AM.; wind moderate N.W., clear; slight fall of snow last
night, with hard frost. February 6th, 9th, 10th, and 12th,
flocks noted near station: 26th, a large flock going S.W.; strong
breeze S.W., gloomy. March 1st, numerous flocks going 8.W. ;
wind light 8.W., clear. “Birds seem to be leaving this locality.”
October 12th, flock of about a hundred in fields near station ;
calm, clear: 19th, large flocks near station; calm, hazy:
20th, great numbers all day; calm, foggy. November Ist,
very numerous; wind light E, gloomy: 11th, about two

hundred: 24th, a flock of some thousands going N.E.; wind
light E., gloomy: 26th, Curlew and Starling very numerous
all day; wind S.W., rain. December 10th, Starling very
numerous ; strong breeze W., clear.

2P

586 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 3rd" and 6th, some about
light ; none killed; rain. February 3rd, three about lantern;
dense fog; one killed striking. October 22nd, two, and one
Lark, rested on ship and flew N.: 24th, several going N.E.
during day; two killed striking at night. November 7th, two
going N.E.: 8th, two about ship for three hours; flew N.E. at
4 p.M.: 19th, large numbers of Thrushes, Stares, and other birds
about light; several killed striking and fell overboard; wind
light, variable, gloomy.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 1st, large flock going
N.W.; wind light S.E., gloomy: 2nd, ten going N.W.; wind
moderate S.E., clear: 3rd, several flocks going N.W.; wind
moderate S.E., clear: 5th, flocks of Starlings and Chaffinches
going N.W.; wind light N.E,, clear.

Tuskar.—February 5th, one killed striking at midnight ; fog
—[Leg and wing received]: 22nd, some about lantern; twelve
killed, with nine Larks and three Blackbirds; moderate breeze
S.W., gloomy: 23rd, great numbers at light, going N.W., at
7.30 p.m.; dozens killed, with seventeen Larks and nine Black-
birds; fresh breeze 8.W. March 2nd, some about light; several
aeaee ; wind S.W., overcast.

Lucifer Shoals Ligh ship.—August 3rd, two rested | on ship
from 5 A.M. to 6 A.M.; left for the land W.N.W.; light breeze
N.E., clear. October 20th, four about lantern at 8 P.M.; hazy :
21st, two rested on ship at 9-A.M.; flew towards land: 22nd, a
dozen about light at 9 P.M.; wind moderate 8.E., clear: 23rd,
some, with Blackbirds, round light at 8 P.m,: 24th, four on ship;
went W.: 25th to November Ist, Starlings every night noted
round lantern; sometimes with Blackbirds, Thrushes, Chaf-
finches, and small birds; one Starling killed striking night of
October 27th, with two Blackbirds and one Thrush ; rain; wind
southerly on all these nights. October 31st, half-a-dozen rested
on ship all day; wind moderate 8.E., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—January 1st, small flocks, with
Thrushes, going N.W.; wind light N.W., clear. February 22nd,
about forty Curlew, Larks, and Starlings hers light ; two killed
—[Leg and wing of Starling, also leg and wing of Lark, received]:
23rd, large number of Larks, Starlings, and Thrushes at light from
sunset to sunrise on 24th; about forty killed; a large flock of
Starlings left ship for Irish land at daylight; wind moderate

| 1897] IRISH COAST 587

S.W., overcast: 24th, Curlew and Starling at light from 8 P.M.
to midnight ; strong breeze S.W., overcast. March 14th, six
about light from 1 a.M. to 6 AM.; gale S.E, rain: 22nd, flocks
of Starlings, Larks, and Chaffinches going N.W.; wind moderate
S.W., rain: 25th, a large number of Curlew, Larks, and Star-
lings about light from 7 p.M. to midnight; left for land; wind
moderate S.W.,; fog and haze. September 28th, about twelve
Thrushes and Starlings about light; one Starling killed—[Leg

_ and wing received]: 29th, about twenty, with Thrushes and

Golden-crested Wrens, round light from midnight to 4 A.M.;
thick mist. October 13th, large flock going N.W.; wind
moderate E., clear: 14th, flocks going N.; wind fresh SE,
rain: 19th, flock going N.W.; wind light N.W., clear: 21st,
two flocks going N.W.: 22nd, flock going N.W.: 23rd, Thrushes
and Starlings, about forty of each, about light; four birds killed;
light breeze S.E., overcast: 24th, do., about twenty of each,
about light; eight birds killed—[Leg and wing of Starling
received]; flew for land at daylight; wind moderate S.E., light
haze: 29th, large number of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings,
and a few Chaffinches about lght after sunset; ten birds
killed; large flock went N.W. at daylight; wind moderate S.,
cloudy: 31st, about a hundred Thrushes, Blackbirds, Larks,
and Starlings about light; wind moderate S.E., showery.
November 7th, six going N.: 21st, a few Starlings and Thrushes
about light from 2 am. to 4 AM.; one killed—[Leg and wing
of Starling received]; went for land at 4 a..; light breeze
S.W., haze: 23rd, large number of Starlings, Blackbirds, and
Thrushes about light; two killed; wind light N.E., cloudy.
December 3rd, six going N.W.; wind light W., clear: 12th,
two flocks going N. and N.N.W.: 13th, flock and two Larks
going N.W.; fresh breeze 8.W., clear: 14th, flock going N.W.;
strong breeze 8.W., clear: 18th, a few Starlings and Blackbirds
about light from 9 p.M. to midnight; one found dead on deck—
[Leg and wing of Starling, killed striking, received]; wind light
N.E., overcast: 19th, from midnight to 7 A™., flocks of Larks,
Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Starlings round light; about a
hundred killed and fell overboard; flock of Starlings at 9 A.M.
going N.W.; light breeze S.E., overcast: 25th, a large number
of Starlings and Thrushes in the afternoon going N.W.; wind
strong S.W., showery.

588 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

:

Arklow South Light-ship.—February 3rd, Starlings, Thrushes,
and Larks about ship all night, several struck and feli over-
board ; wind light 8.W., fog and haze. October 15th, flocks
during forenoon going 8.W.; strong breeze 8.W., cloudy: 19th,
flocks going N.W.,a constant rush during day; wind light N.W.,
clear: 29th and 30th, a lot of Starlings, Larks, and other small
birds about light during night; wind moderate S.E., light haze:
31st, do., some Wild Duck among them this night. December
19th, one going N.W.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 12th, some about light:
13th, do., and resting on lantern; wind fresh N.E., gloomy:
23rd, a few birds, probably Starlings, about light; wind mode-
rate N., snow showers. February 2nd, Skylarks and Starlings
about light; wind ight N.W., overcast ; three Starlings killed:
ord, Skylarks and Starlings about ight; wind light 8.W., fog ;
two Starlings killed: 8th, three about ship. March 22nd, about
thirty going N. at sunrise, after lantern was lowered. October
6th, a number of small birds, probably Larks and Starlings,
going N.W. during day; wind fresh W., clear: 8th, several
Larks and Starlings going N.W.; wind fresh S.W., clear: 9th,
Larks and Starlings going W.; wind moderate N.W., clear:
11th and 23rd, flocks of Starlings going’ N.W.: 24th, flocks of
Starlings and Chaffinches going N.W.; wind light E., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 11th, four going W.
February 6th, one about ship: 28th, one do. October 14th,
flock going N.; wind moderate S.E., clear: 28th, several going
N.W.; wind light 8., haze: 29th, one Water-Hen and one
Starling in ship at 9 a.M.: 30th, some during day, one at night;
wind 8.E., fog. November 14th, flock going N.W.; wind fresh
N.E., clear: 22nd, flock going W.; wind light W. December
1st, several flocks going N.W.; strong breeze N.E.: 2nd, several
flocks going N.W.; wind moderate N.E., clear: 3rd, several
going N.W. during day; wind light 8.W., clear: 12th, three
going N.W.: 19th, one all day in ship: 20th, one killed striking
lantern. [Leg and wing received. ]

Rockabill—January 10th, four about light at 2 a.m, one
killed; wind moderate E., haze. March 5th, six on rock,
October 2nd, some, with Blackbirds and Thrushes, remained
all day; wind light W., clear: 10th, ten on rock, with Larks,
Yellowhammers, and Chaflinches; wind strong 8.W., clear:

1897] IRISH COAST 589

11th, remain about rock: 21st, large number of birds about
light at night; a dozen “ Larks and Starlings” killed striking
with a number of Thrushes and other birds; wind light S.E.,
fog: 29th, a very large number of birds about light (see under
Thrush) ; sixteen Starlings and forty-four other birds killed
striking; a number of disabled Starlings remained at daylight,
all others away ; wind fresh S.E., fog.

South Rock Light-ship.—oOctober 22nd, a few Larks, Linnets,
and Starlings going W. during day; wind light E.: 28th, several
Larks, Starlings, Thrushes, and Blackbirds about light during
night, a good many striking and falling overboard; wind mode-
rate S., haze: 30th, a good number of Larks and Starlings about
light, many striking and falling overboard; wind light E., fog,

Copeland (Mew) Island.—October 23rd, some, with Tarks
and other birds, about light, one disabled striking—[Leg and
wing received]; wind moderate S.E.; hazy and gloomy.
December 18th, a few Starlings, Thrushes, and Blackbirds,
and a great number of Larks, about light from 11 P.M. to
3 AM. on 19th.

Inmshtrahull.—January 1st, one on island: 26th, four; snow:
30th, flock going S. at noon; wind moderate N., clear. March
28th, one at lantern at 1 A.M.; wind light N., haze.

Aranmore.—Starlings very scarce on this island (see under
General Observations).

Arran Island, N—January 10th, several going E.; wind
hight 8.W., gloomy. February 20th, flock of Blackbirds and
Starlings going N.E.; wind moderate S.W., cloudy: 25th, flock
on island; gale 8.W. October 31st, one killed striking—[Lee
and wing received, with legs and wings of several Blackbirds
and Redwings, and one Titlark, killed striking same night];
wind light N.E., drizzling rain. December 18th, several
“Thrushes and Blackbirds” on island all day, three killed
striking—[Legs and wings of a Starling and two Redwings
received]; wind light E., gloomy. “When the wind is off the
land, a good many visit isle.”

Arran Island, S—October 31st, one at 8.30 pm. killed
striking ; wind fresh 8.E,, overcast.

Bull Rock.—October 20th, one killed striking at 2 A.M.; wind
strong S.W., clear; flock at 10 a.m. going E.; wind strong S.E.,
haze; 23rd, 24th, and 25th, ten Starlings, three hen Blackbirds,

590 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

and four Larks killed against lantern; wind E., dark, gloomy
weather at night; during day these birds were numerous on
rock up to 10 a.m. or 11 a.m. each day. November Ist to 4th,
Starlings, Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Larks around light for
past four nights, and on rock during daytime; four Starlings,
ten Blackbirds, four Thrushes, and four Larks killed; wind
moderate E., dark, gloomy weather.

CuoucuH (Pyrrhocorax graculus, Linn.).

Mine Head.—October 12th, Choughs noted.

Dungarvan.— November 21st, three at 3.30 P.M. going N.;
“first I have seen about here; they were flying high and-very
rapidly, and giving notes all the time” (see under Jackdaw) ;
wind light S.E., gloomy. December 15th, one about station ;
gale N.W.

Arklow North Lnght-ship—April 13th, one supposed Red-
legged Jackdaw rested for a time on ship’s rail, going W.;
wind fresh 8.E., rain. June 22nd, two Red-legged Jackdaws
going W. at 11 A.M.; wind moderate S8.W., light haze.

Rathlin O Birne.—F ebruary 1ith, two all day. “These birds
are here for the past two months.”

Skelligs—January 26th, twelve on rock; wind moderate N.
May 4th, eleven noted. July 27th, eight going E. November
26th, four on rock all day.

RAVEN (Corvus coraz, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April, a great number of “Crows and Ravens ”
around this place all the spring.

Skelligs—February 16th, two on rock; wind hght 8.W.,
gloomy. July 8th, two on rock all day.

HoopEeD Crow (Corvus corn, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—January 28th, six Grey-backed or Carrion Crows
about station: 29th, two noted. April 21st, six on rocks. July
28th, four do. December 23rd, one going N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— March 28th, four Hooded
Crows at 11 a.m. going N.W.; fresh breeze N., clear.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 14th, five Grey Crows
going W.; wind light N.W., clear. April 4th, one Crow (Grey-

a ee ee

1897] IRISH COAST 591

back) going N.; wind moderate K., clear, June 15th, two
Grey-backed Crows going N.W.; wind moderate S.W., rain.
October 2nd, three going N.W.; wind light N.W., clear.

Arran Island, N.— November, two “Grey-back Crows”
always about.

Skelligs—February 24th, two on rock. June 12th, six.
July 18th, six. August 21st, two on rock. November 30th,
three going §.

Rook (Corvus frugilegus, Linn.).

Fastnet—November 24th, four “Common Crows” about
lantern at 9 P.M., two disabled striking (“this is the first case
of Crows striking that I have noticed.”—E. Rouv) ; wind light S.,
cloudy.

Mine Head.—April, a great number of “ Crows and Ravens”
around this place all the spring. September 10th, flocks of
Rooks in fields.

Dungarvan.—January 25th, great numbers of Rooks about
station. “Rooks to be seen every day, but not in such
numbers.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—January 23rd, two “Crows” about
ship, flying low, going N.W.; light snow showers. May 24th,
nine going N.W., flying high; wind light N.E., clear. December
2nd, one going N.E., not able to reach land; fresh breeze N.E. ;
one at 7.30 p.m. rested five minutes on ship and flew N.W

Tuskar.—March 17th, one on rock at 8 A.M.; strong breeze
S.W., rain: 19th, one going N.W.; strong breeze W.: 25th, one
going N.W.; light breeze W., mist.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—May 14th, one “Crow” lit on
ship at noon, flew away for land at 2.30 P.M.; “a small Crow”;
wind light W., clear—[Possibly Jackdaw]. November 19th,
seven “Crows” going W.at 1.45 P.M.; wind moderate W., clear,
24th, one rested on ship; wind light S., gloomy.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 19th, two at noon going
N.W.; flock at 4.30 p.m. going do.; strong breeze N.W., clear:
24th, four going N.W.; gale W., clear. October 13th, two going
N.W.; wind moderate E., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 27th, four “Crows” going
N.W.; heavy gale N.W., clear. April 12th, three going 8.W.;
wind light S.E., overcast. .

592 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

:

Arklow North Lnght-ship.—January 25th, one going N.W.,
flying low; wind fresh N.W., clear, snow showers. April 2nd,
three “Black Crows” going N.W.; wind moderate E., clear:
5th, several do. going N.W.; fresh breeze S.E., clear: 10th,
several do. going N.W.; wind moderate N.W., clear: 21st, four
going W.; wind light E., haze: 25th, two going N.; wind fresh
E., clear. August 7th, five going N.W.; wind light 8.W., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship—March 13th, two Rooks going
N.W.; wind light N.W., clear: 18th, one at 10 a.m. going N.W.,
one at 11 a.m. do.; wind strong N.W., clear: 19th, one at
10.30 a.m. lit on ship for thirty minutes, then flew N.W.: 20th,
flocks at 8.30 a.m. and 10 A.M. going N.W.; wind light $.W.,
hazy: 30th, one going N.W.; wind light W., clear. April 2nd,
two going N.W.; wind light N.E.: 9th, one “Crow” going
N.W.; wind light 8.W.: 19th, two “Crows” going N.W.; wind
licht 8.W., clear. May 6th, one Rook going W.; wind moderate
N.W., clear. October 28th, two “Crows” going N.W.; wind
light 8., haze. November 20th, one Rook going N.W.; wind
light W., clear. :

Rockabill—March 29th, three “Crows” and one Sparrow
Hawk on rock at noon; wind moderate N.W., clear.

Aranmore.—November 20th, forty “Crows” going N.; wind
moderate S.W., misty; “first large flock ever observed at this
station.”

Rathlin OBirne.— January Ist, twenty going W.; wind
moderate 8.W., clear.

Skelligs—February 27th, three on rock; wind light S.W.

Bull Rock.—November 1st, twenty “Crows” settled on rock
at 11 A.M., stayed one hour; wind light 8.E., clear.

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—November 21st, three going N.E., “flying high
and making a great noise.”

Arklow South Light-ship—March 19th, two at noon; heavy
gale N.W., clear; “seemed as if they were blown off shore,
trying to get back.”

Rockabill_—January 7th, one going W.; wind fresh E., haze.

South Rock Light-ship.—November 24th, one at 4 P.M., went
to roost in ship; wind moderate §.E.: 25th, Jackdaw left at
6 A.M., going W.

1897] IRISH COAST 593

Aranmore.—December 28th, one found disabled in light-
house yard; wind moderate S.W., misty. [Leg and wing
received. |

Arran Island, N—October 7th, two on island all day; wind
S.E., gloomy.

Loop Head.—November 15th, are very rare visitors here ;
numbers, with other birds, frequented station in the winter of
1893 (see under General Observations).

Macpik (Pica rustica, Scopoli).

Mine Head.—F¥ebruary 20th, three noted. September 16th,
four.

Dungarvan.—February 3rd, four noted fighting; “ allowed’
me to go up and catch them, as both pairs had a hold of each
other, and were lying on the ground quite exhausted.” Magpies
numerous about here.

Innishtrahull. — March 7th, one flying about at 5 PM.;
“appeared very much frightened and confused ;” wind moderate
S., misty: 8th, same bird flying about all day.

SwaLLow (Hirundo rustica, Linn.).

Mine Head.—April 27th, about fifty at station; wind light
S.E. September 12th, great numbers all day; wind light E.
October 5th, great numbers all day; wind lght S%.: 9th,
Swallows and Linnets, great flocks, day and night; some struck
lantern; great numbers of Swallows; wind light W.

Dungarvan.—April 21st, Swallows very numerous; first seen
this season ; wind light E., fog and rain. May 12th, 17th, and
30th, June 4th and 9th, and August 2nd, Swallows noted;
generally as numerous: August 5th, thirty-four going S8.W.;
“they flew in circles, but still made headway to the 8.W.; they
also kept up an incessant chatter.” September 1st, five noted
flying about station: 3rd, seven: 24th, one going N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 19th, two [Probably Sand-
Martins.—R. M. B.] rested on ship and flew N.E.: 27th, four
flying N.E.; dense fog. May Ist, two, and 3rd, one, flying
N.W.; wind light N.W., clear: 10th, several flocks flying N.W.
from 9 A.M. to 4 p.M.; wind W., thick haze: 16th, 19th, 20th,
and 24th, two to six noted each day flying N.E. or N.W.; wind

594 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897 —
>

N.E. or E. September 26th, one going §.E.: 29th, one rested
on ship and died; wind moderate N.W., clear. October 12th,
three rested on ship; calm, clear.

Tuskar.—March 29th, one going N.W.; light breeze N.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—March 30th, two going N.W.;
wind 8.W., clear. April 14th, 17th, 19th, and 20th, one or two
each day going N.W.; wind generally N.W., moderate ‘or fresh.
May 1st to 21st, frequently noted going N.W.: on 10th,
“Swallows flying in by twos and threes from 8 A.M. to 2 P.M’;”
wind moderate W., clear. September 6th and 7th, one each
day going N.W. October 7th, one going N.W.: 10th, two
going N.; wind moderate W., clear.

Blackwater Bank Inght-shyp—March 22nd, one [Probably
Sand-Martin.—R. M. B.] going N.W. April 13th, two going
N.W.: 20th, flock at 5.30 p.m. going N.W.; wind moderate
W., clear: 21st, five at 11 A.M., and six at 2 P.M., going N.W. ;
light breeze E., gloomy: 25th, two going N.W.; several about
light from 9 P.M. to 11 P.M.; light breeze E., rain: 26th and
27th, flocks going N.W.; light breeze N.E., clear and hazy:
28th, flocks going N.W.; wind light S.W., haze. May Ist,
about ten flying N.W. for Irish land; fresh breeze S.W., clear:
Ath, flock going N.W., flying low; strong breeze S.W., overcast :
5th, about ten flying N.W. in pairs; fresh breeze N.W., hail
showers: 9th, two small flocks going N.W.; wind light N.W.,
clear. September 26th, flock of about fourteen going N.W.,
flying low; wind fresh 8.W., clear: 28th, large flock going 8. at
8.40 a.m.; light breeze 8.W., clouds.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 22nd, two [Probably Sand-
Martins.—R. M. B.] rested on ship at 11 A.M.; gale S.W., haze, ~
rain. April 18th, one, “first seen this season,” going N.W. at
noon; wind light W., clear: 20th, small flocks going N.W.
during day; wind moderate .S.W., cloudy: 21st, constantly
passing all day, “in two streams,” going N.W.; wind light S. to
S.H.; fog, followed by rain: 22nd, constantly passing all day
going N.; a lot of small birds about light at night—[{Leg and
wing of Swallow, with legs and wings of a Wheatear and a
Willow Wren, all found dead on deck, received]; wind light E.,
gloomy; dark night: 23rd, 24th, 25th, and 26th, “a lot of
Swallows all day” noted on each of these days, going N.W. ;
“wind chiefly N.E., light to fresh, gloomy weather: 27th, small

1897] IRISH COAST 595

flocks all day going N.W.: 28th, odd Swallows going N.W.:
29th, one going W.: 30th, and May Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 8th,
9th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 18th, and 19th, some noted each
day going N.W.: May So (in letter), “they were exception-
ally numerous this season”: 27th, one noted flying about, and
resting on ship all day; it was found dead at 8 p.m. September
23rd, one going N.E.; fresh breeze S.W., cloudy: 26th and
27th, some going N.W.; wind moderate S.W.: 28th, going
various directions; wind light S.W., cloudy; “most of them
flying to the N.W. and N.”

Arklow North LInght-ship—March 24th, one Swallow seen
[Probably Sand-Martin—R. M. B.]; gale W., clear. April
19th, a number during day going N.W.; fresh breeze S.W.,
clear: 20th, several going N.W.; wind moderate 8.W.,, clear: -
21st, several noted; wind light E., haze: 24th, three about
ship: 26th, several going N.W.; wind moderate S.E., clear:
27th, some about ship; wind light N.E., clear. May Ist, a few
going N.W.; and 2nd, a large quantity going do.; wind
moderate S.W., clear: 3rd, 8th, 10th, 20th, and 27th, a few
noted, generally going N.W. June 4th, 5th, 7th, 14th, and
21st, a few, generally going N.W.: 23rd, a number about ship
during forenoon; wind light 8., fog. August 10th, two Martins
and one Swallow going N.E.; wind moderate S.W., rain.
September 22nd, a few going N.W.; wind moderate W., clear:
26th, two going N.W.: 27th, two going W.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April 16th, one going N.W.: 19th,
one going N.W. at 1] A.M.; two going N.W. at 6 P.m.: 20th, one in
ship, and one going N.W.: 26th, several-going N.W.; wind light
N.E., light haze: 27th, two about ship: 28th, one going N.W.
May 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 8th, 14th, and 16th, several going N.W.:
18th, flock going N.W.: 22nd, several, and 26th, two, going
N.W. June 2nd, two about ship. September 27th, several
going §.W. from 10 aM. to 1 P.M.; wind light 8.W., clear.
October 27th, six going 8.E.; wind moderate S., haze.

Rockabill.April 19th, three on rock at 2 P.M.

Aranmore.—September 8th, eighteen about lighthouse ; wind
light E., clear.

Rathlin O' Birne—April 4th, two all day; wind fresh E.:
10th, four all day; wind light 8.

Arran Island, Ni—June 10th, one going E.

596 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897 —

:
Skelligs—April 15th, one “ Purple Martin” on rock at 4 P.M.;
wind fresh W.

Hovuse-Martin (Chelidon urbica, Linn.).

Barrels Rock Lnght-ship.— May 31st, two House-Martins
going N.W.; first seen this season; wind N.W., clear. June 1st,
one going N.; rested on ship; appeared very tired; calm, clear.

Arklow North Lnghi-ship.— August 10th, two Mani going —
N.E.

SAND-MARTIN (Cottle riparia, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light - ship.— March 19th, two “Swallows ”—
[Probably Sand-Martins——R. M. B.]—+rested on ship, and flew
N.E.; wind fresh N.W., clear.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—March 22nd, one ‘‘ Swallow ”—
[Probably Sand-Martin.—R. M. B.]—going N.W.; strong breeze
S.W., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 22nd, two “Swallows ”—
[Probably Sand-Martins.—R. M. B.]—rested on emp at 11 A.M.;
gale S.W., haze, rain.

Arklow North Light-ship.—March 24th, one “ Swallow” seen
—[Probably Sand-Martin.—R. M. B.]; gale W., clear.

Swirt (Cypselus apus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—May 21st, several all day; “I also observe that
a pair have built along with the Swallows in ventilators of
tower”: 25th, numbers noted. June 2nd, 4th, 9th, 13th, and
24th, Swifts noted. July 16th, about twenty noted. August
2nd, “have seen no Swifts for the last week, and they must
have left.”

Codling Bank Light-ship—May 10th, two going N.W.: 19th,
one going N.W.: 31st, two going N.W.; wind fresh 8.W., clear.

NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus europwus, Linn.).
Tuskar.—[May 23rd, male Nightjar, caught exhausted on
rock, received in flesh. ]
Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).

Innishtrahull—May 20th, one heard on island at 6 PM;
Corn-Crake same day at 7 P.M.; wind light N., misty.

1897] IRISH COAST 597

GREAT SPOTTED Cuckoo (Coccystes glandarius, Linn.).

Skelligs—April 30th, “Great Spotted Cuckoo on rock at
8 AM.; very tired looking, and could easily have been killed,
but no means of shooting it; wind fresh S.W.” [In answer to
inquiries, the following particulars are added in letter bearing
date August 25th:—“This bird was about the size of a
Sparrow-Hawk, but more bulky in body; feathers ruffled and
loose, and appeared very much fatigued; back, a dark slate-
colour; wing, same colour as back, but all feathers white at the
points; throat, orange or yellow; breast of a light slate-colour
or grey ; under tail, white ; all tail feathers white at the points;
erest of a lighter colour than back, and slightly erected ; bill
of a bluish black; tail about seven or eight inches long, and
inclines downwards. The bird, when first observed, was coming
from 8.W., and lit on rock, and when approached within twenty
yards would fly about the same distance to another rock, and
continued so for about a half-hour; it seemed very much
frightened by the large numbers of Puffins that were flying
about at that time. I had a good opportunity of seeing it, as I
followed it about from one place to another with the telescope.
I lost sight of it at N.E. point of rock amongst the Puffins. As
far as I can judge from the books at station, it resembles no
other bird but the Great Spotted Cuckoo.—Tuos. Kina.” (See
Zoologist, 1897, p. 574; also Saunders’s “ Illustrated Manual of
British Birds,’ 2nd edition (1898), p. 289. The description
appears to be that of a Great Spotted Cuckoo in nearly adult
plumage.—R. M. B.]

Rina Dove (Columba palumbus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—J uly 15th, two Wood-Quests going W. August
16th, about twenty near station ; “these birds are very numerous
in the vicinity.”

Turtle Dove (Z'urtur communis, Selby).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—July 12th, one Dove at 6 A.M., rested
on ship and went N.E,, flying low ; wind light E., haze.

Arklow North Light-ship—=June 7th, one Grey Dove and
some Swallows about ship during forenoon; Dove exhausted
and captured alive; wind light N.E., clear,

598 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

; >
Berchaven.—October or November, “a Turtle Dove also
caught, and is alive on rock” (undated letter received November
6th, enclosing Fork-tailed Petrel found dead October 28th).

PIGEONS.

Mine Head.—March 5th, flock of Rock Pigeons going N.W.
September 10th, some all day ; “ flocks of these all season; stop
in cliffs.” December 27th, great many Pigeons noted.

Coningbeg Lnght-ship—March 23rd, Pigeon and Sea-Gull
caught in small boat; fresh breeze 8.W., clear. June 28th,
Pigeon caught on ship. July 11th, one caught on ship; had
rubber band on left leg marked P. 55. October 9th, one flew
round ship and went N.W.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—dJune 13th, one Carrier Pigeon —
rested on ship at 10 a.m., went N.W.; wind light N.E. December
7th, one Pigeon going W.; gale 8.W., rain.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 17th, one alighted on —
deck at 6 P.M.; wind light N.W., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship.—June 23rd, one Carrier Pigeon
going S.W., fog. October 24th, one caught on top of lantern at
6.15 p.m.; had ring on its leg with W 97 L and 16.34 on it.

Arklow North Light-ship—June 2nd, one Rock Pigeon during
day, rested on ship’s rail and flew N.W.; wind light 8.E., clear.
July 7th, Carrier Pigeon lit on board at 8.30 a.m, left at 4.45 P.M.
and flew for the shore; wind fresh N.W., clear.

Codling Bank Light-ship.— September 21st, two Carrier
Pigeons going N.W. at 12.30 P.M.; one lit on ship, had ring on
leg with B. 1890 D. 109 engraved on it; left ship at 3.50 p.m;
a Gull (Skua Gull) followed and killed it; wind fresh N.W.,
clear.

Rockabill.—October 29th, a very large number of birds about
light at 3 A.M., sixty killed striking, one Rock Pigeon amongst
them (for full details see under Thrush) ; wind fresh S.E., fog.

Innishtrahull.—May 6th, two Rock Pigeons on island; wind
light W., clear.

* Aranmore.—August 15th, eight Pigeons going 8.W.; build
in cliffs at west side of island.

Arran Island, N.—June 8th, two going E.: 15th, one going
S.E. August 4th, two going 8.: 8th, two going E.: 30th, one
on island, November 19th, two going E.

1897] IRISH COAST 599

Skelligs—February 4th, two on rock. May 24th, six Rock
Pigeons. June 17th, one “Passenger Pigeon” on rock at
8 A.M.; wind moderate N.W. October 19th, one Rock Dove at
8 AM.

i RED GROUSE (Lagopus scoticus, Latham).

Aranmore.—September 23rd, four Grouse seen flying W.;
heavy gale 8.W., cloudy.

PARTRIDGE (Perdix cinerea, Latham).

Aranmore.—October 3rd, five on mountain; wind light N.W.,
misty.

Corn-CrAKE (Crex pratensis, Bechstein).

Dungarvan.—June 3rd, one heard; “ first heard this summer”:
7th, several at 1 Am. July 2nd, several all night; “heard
nearly every night for the last month, but seem to be more
numerous to-night ;” wind light N.W., clear. September 21st,
one young Corn-Crake close to station; “was run down and
eaught by Dr Williams of Dungarvan;” “I think it very late
in the season for one to be seen, as I have heard none for some
length of time.” [Leg and wing received. ]

Arklow South Light-ship—April 27th, one going N.E. at
11 A.M.; wind light, variable, gloomy.

Innishtrahull—May 20th, one on island at 7 P.M.; Cuckoo
same day at 6 p.M.; wind light N., misty.

Skelligs—May 11th, one Land-Rail on rock at noon; wind
light N. September Ist, one on rock at 4 P.M; wind light N.W.

Water-RalL (Rallus aquaticus, Linn.).

Rockabill.— March 27th, Water-Rail killed at lantern at
2 A.M.; wind fresh 8., haze. [Received in flesh, with letter
dated March 29th; sent as “bird like a Corn-Crake, but the
bill rather long.”

Rathlin Island. — December 18th, a bird caught on the
- mountain, seems rare in this part. [Water-Rail received in
flesh. }

Rathlin O’Birne-—January 8th, one “ Land-Rail” on island,
remaining—[Probably Water-Rail]; strong wind E.; “seen this

600 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

bird before, but was not sure of its atte ”: 19th, one “ Land-
Rail” remains on island.

Arran Island, Ni—November 1st, large bird, name unknown,
caught in crevice of a rock—| Water-Rail received in flesh];
wind light N.E., misty. |

WaATER-HEN (Gallinula chloropus, Linn.).

Codling Bank Light-ship—oOctober 29th, one in ship at
9 AM.; wind light S., clear.

RINGED PLOVER (A/gialitis hiaticula, Linn.).

Inwishtrahull—_January ord, several “ Dotterel” on island;
gale S., clear.

GOLDEN PLovER (Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.).

Dungarvan.January 27th, two going §.W.; hard frost.
December 7th, several going 8.W. at 12.15 a.m. (heard but not —
visible); light breeze N.W., clear.

Rockabill.—October 29th, very large number Gi birds about
light, one Golden Plover killed striking, with seven Fieldfares,
twelve Blackbirds, fifteen Thrushes, eight Chaffinches, a Rock
Pigeon, and sixteen Starlings ; wind fresh S.E., fog.

Innishtrahuil—January 26th, two on island; strong breeze
N.W., snow. February 2nd, ten do.; gale S.E., misty.

Aranmore.—September 13th, one “Grey Plover” shot; wind
light S., misty.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 11th, two going 8.: 25th, twenty
going 8.; wind moderate N.W., snow showers. March 3rd, ten
going §.; wind fresh W.: 18th, twelve going §.; wind strong
S.W. April 13th, six going 8.; wind fresh E.: 17th, twenty
going §., black on breast; wind moderate S.W.

Broadhaven.—January 18th, two flocks close to station.

Slyne Head.—t|[March, leg and wing received, with letter
dated 25/3/97; no details.]

GREEN PLovER (Vanellus vulgaris, Bechstein).

Mine Head.— February 5th, twenty Plover going N.W.
March 20th, flock going S.W. October 15th to 19th, Plover

1897] IRISH COAST 601

all round station ;. fresh breeze to gale S.W.: 27th, thirty going
N.W. November 10th, flock going N.W. December 18th,
great flock going W.

Dungarvan.—January 27th, great numbers of Lapwings and
Starlings in fields about station from 9 A.M. to 11 A.M.; wind
moderate N.W., clear ; slight fall of snow last night, with hard
frost. February 12th, numbers of Starlings and Lapwings all
day; wind light E., fog and rain. October 13th, several Lap-
wings going N.E.; wind light S.E., drizzling rain. November
10th, several going W.; wind light 8S. clear. December 6th,
thirty going W.; fresh breeze N.W., squally: 18th, flock of
thirty going S.W.; fresh breeze E., gloomy: 19th, large flocks
of Curlew and Lapwing all day; wind strong, gloomy: 28th,
several flocks going S., 6.30 p.m. to 8 p.M.; strong breeze S.W.,
clear, moonlight.

Coningbeg Light-ship.— February 23rd, two going S.E.
November 19th, several Plover about ship from 8 P.M. to
midnight, none killed ; wind light, variable, gloomy.

Barrels Rock Light-ship—November 5th, flock of about two
hundred going N.W. at 9 a.M.; wind light N.E., clear: 14th,
large flock about ship at 8 p.M., left ship at many’ wind
moderate S.E., rain.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 7th, large flock of
Plover going N.W., flying low; wind light S., clear: 31st, flock
of Lapwing going N. at 9.45 p.M.; wind light S.W., overcast.
February 5th, flock at 10 pM. going N.W.; wind light N.E,,
gloomy. December 24th, flock at 7.45 p.m. going N.W.; wind
strong S.W., overcast.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 20th, a Plover going W.
at 6 p.M.; wind light S.W., haze.

Rockabill.—March 11th, a flock going W.; wind moderate S.,
cloudy.

Innishtrahull—January 2nd, thirteen on island; wind fresh
S.W., haze.

Aranmore.—Auegust 10th, four on mountain, first observed
this year; strong breeze N.E., clear. November 21st, two
noted, “seldom on this island”; wind fresh S.W., cloudy.

Arran Island, N.—October 24th, one on island all day; wind
light E., gloomy: 25th, thirty going S.at 10 a.m.; wind light E,,
gloomy.

2Q

602 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
a ;

TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—March 21st, a large flock going S.W. at 6 P.M.,
wind light E., fog.

St John’s Point, Down—February 1st, two unknown birds
killed against lantern. [Leg and wing of Turnstone received,
with Bar-tailed Godwit in flesh. ]

OysTER-CATCHER (Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.).

Dungarvan—January 6th, about a hundred going N.E.;
heavy gale S.E.: 30th, three in lighthouse field. March 9th
and 14th, numbers on rocks: 23rd, about fifty going N.E.: 31st,
large flock going N.E. April 21st, numbers on rocks: 23rd,
about thirty on rocks: 28th, about fifty going E. May Ist,
numbers on rocks: 30th, three going S.W. June 3rd, twenty-
four going S.W.: 6th, eleven going W. August 20th, thirty-
eight on rocks. September 10th, fifteen going S.W.: 12th,
thirty going E.: 13th, twenty-one on rocks. October 25th, five
in field. November 16th, about a hundred-on récks.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—December, small flocks of Seapies
or “ Red-Legs” on the rocks.

Aranmore.—September 30th, twenty Seapies on rocks; wind
fresh N.E., misty.

Skelligs—August 5th, three on rock; wind moderate S.W.,
mist.

GREY PHALAROPE (Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.).

Skelligs—December 27th, four Phalaropes in water at 1 P.M.; .
wind strong W. [Probably Grey Phalaropes.—h. M. B.]

Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula, Linn.).

Innishtrahull—tJanuary 26th, one on island; wind strong
N.W., snow. February 4th, one on island; gale S.E., mist.
~ Aranmore.—September 29th, two seen on mountain, not
plentiful here; wind moderate §.W., clear. December 3rd, one
on hill outside wall; gale S., misty.
Rathlin O Birne-—February 7th, one going 8.; wind moderate
S.E.: 16th, one going S.

1897] IRISH COAST 603

Common SNIPE (Gallinago celestis, Frenzel), and
JACK SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula, Linn.).

Mine Head.—November 13th, six Snipe noted; light breeze
S., mist, fog.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 28th, a bird, apparently a
Snipe, struck lantern and fell on deck; wind strong, variable,
clear. [Jack Snipe, disabled striking, received in flesh. ]

Copeland (Mew) Island—November, some Snipe seen fre-
quently during this month.

Innishtrahull—February 1st, one on island; gale N.E., mist.

Aranmore.—September 28th, one Jack Snipe shot; strong
breeze §., clear. November 22nd, one Snipe lit in lighthouse
park at 8 a.M.; wind moderate §.W., cloudy.

Rathlin O Birne.—January 11th, two Snipe going &8., one
Jack Snipe all day; wind light S., haze: 26th, ten Snipe going
S.; wind moderate N.W., snow showers. February 12th, two
all day; wind moderate E., clear. March 3rd, three going S.;
wind fresh W.

Arran Island, N—September 30th, one killed striking
lantern at midnight—[Leg of Common Snipe received]; wind
light N., haze. October 13th, two on island; wind 8.E., gloomy.

DuNLIN (Tringa alpina, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—January 26th, thirteen in lighthouse field.

Tuskar.—January 31st, one “Sandpiper” killed striking at
4 aM.; wind light W., drizzle. [Leg and wing of Dunlin
received. |

PURPLE SANDPIPER (T7'ringa striata, Linn.).

Tuskar—{December, wing of Purple Sandpiper received,
with other wings, including a Spotted Flycatcher’s, said to have
“all struck lantern between November 20th and December 1st.”]

Aranmore.—December 8th, one “Strand Lark” killed striking
lantern at 8.30 P.M.; not certain of species, wing forwarded—
[Leg and wing of Purple Sandpiper received] ; heavy gale N.W.,

hail showers.

“ SAND LARKS.”

Coningbeg Light-ship.—February 12th, one “Sand Lark about

604 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

:
lantern, caught and kept for three days. March 12th, two
about ship: 26th, one.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 22nd, one “Sandpiper” on
board—[Possibly Common Sandpiper.—R. M. B.]. September
Sth, “ one small Sandpiper ” (not certain of right name) rested on
ship all day; wind light S.E. November 6th, a Sandpiper about
the size of a Thrush, with a long bill, rested on ship at 11 A.M.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.—September 18th, two “Sand-
pipers” going S.E. at noon, hovered about ship for an hour;
wind moderate N., clear.

Arklow South Light-ship.—April 27th, one going N.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 13th, one on deck all
day, died; wind light W., clear. April 25th, one going N.:
30th, Sand Larks and Golden Wrens going N.W. during night,
two killed (Sand Larks struck lantern whilst passing in a flock);
wind moderate N., clear. June 4th, three Swallows and one
Sand Lark noted; Sand Lark captured and eaten by Royal
Gull. October 5th, a number going N.E. in the afternoon ;
wind strong S., clear.

Rockabill—April 29th, one “Sandpiper” about light at
12.30 aM.; wind moderate W., haze. .

Aranmore.—October 3rd, five “Sandpipers” on grass at top
of cliff; light breeze N.W., misty: 31st, Strand Larks on rocks;
wind light N.E., clear. December 15th, four “Strand Larks aa
feeding on wet ground inside station; wind moderate W., clear:
30th, five outside wall; heavy gale S.W., squally.

Arran Island, N.i—November, “Strand Larks seem never to
leave the isle or vicinity.”

CoMMON SANDPIPER (Totanus hypoleucus, Linn.).

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 22nd, one Sandpiper flew
on board at 11.30 a.m., did not see when it left; wind moderate
S.E., gloomy. [Possibly Common Sandpiper. ]

BAR-TAILED GopWitT (Limosa lapponica, Linn.).

St John’s Point, Down.—February 1st, two unknown birds
killed against lantern. [Bar-tailed Godwit in flesh, and leg
and wing of Turnstone, received. }

1897] IRISH COAST 605

CuRLEW (Numenius arquata, Linn.).

Mine Head—March 9th, two going W. April 27th, Curlew
at lantern at midnight; light breeze S., overcast. October 17th,
eight going W. November 5th to 8th, four noted: 13th, two.

Dungarvan.—February 21st, large flock going S.W.; wind
light W., clear: 22nd, numbers going do.; wind moderate W..,
gloomy. March 9th, the out-lying rocks called the Runners
are a great resort for Duck, Teal, Wigeon, and Curlew: 11th,
great numbers in fields near station; gale S.E., rain: 14th, and
April 21st, numbers of Curlew and Oyster-Catchers on rocks.
June 7th, twenty-one going S.W., flying low, almost skimming
the water: 26th, twelve going 8.W. September Ist, thirty in
lighthouse field: 10th, thirty going 8.W.: 27th, great numbers
going 8.W.; wind light S., clear. October 10th, great numbers
going W.; wind moderate N.W., gloomy. November Ist and
26th, and December 19th and 21st, numerous in fields near
station. ;

Coningbey Light-ship—March 25th, flock of May-birds going
N.E. [Perhaps Curlews.—R. M. B.]: 28th, two Curlews flying
N. June 25th, flock going N.E., flying high. July 17th,
- several flying N.: 30th, flock going N.E. October 4th, flock
going 8.E.

Tuskar.—February 20th, some going 8.E. at 11 A.M., some
about light at 9 P.M.; wind moderate W.: 23rd, some about
lantern ; fresh breeze S.W., cloudy.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—August 4th, one going N.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—February 21st, large flock
about light from 8 p.M., went for the Irish land at midnight ;
wind moderate W., cloudy and clear: 22nd, about forty Curlew,
Larks, and Starlings about light from 8 P.M. to midnight, a Lark
and Starling killed striking, went for the land; wind light 8.W.,
light haze: 24th, Curlew and Starling at light from 8 P.M. to
midnight. March 2nd, a few, with Larks, about light from
10 P.M. to midnight; wind light W., drizzle: 25th, a large
number of Curlew, Larks, and Starlings about light from 7 P.M,
left ship at midnight for land; wind moderate S.W., fog and
haze. May 2nd, large flock going N.E,, flying high over ship
at 10 P.M.; wind moderate N.W., clear: 13th, two small flocks
going N.E. at 1 aM. and 3 a.M.; wind light N.E., clear.

606 MIGRATION OF ome [1897 —

Arklow South Lnght-ship.—April arth and 28th, some heard.
during early part of each night; wind light, variable, gloomy,
May 1st, heard during first part of night; wind light N.W. to
S.W., clear. May 14th, two going N.E.; wind light S.W., clear.
[All the notes may refer to Whimbrel.—R. M. B.]

Arklow North Light-ship—June 21st, five going N W.;
wind moderate 8.W., clear. "i

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 21st, one “ Whimbrel”
going N.W. [Probably Curlew]. February 20th, one “ Whim-
brel” going S.E.: 27th, two noted. March 19th, five Curlews
going E.; wind fresh N.W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November, Curlew plentiful during
this month. December 19th, a few hovered around the light
for half an hour from 3 A.M. and then left; wind moderate
S.E., fog.

Innishtrahull.—January 10th, five on island; wind light S.,
clear. April 27th, several heard at midnight; wind light W.,
misty. [Whimbrel ?—R. M. B.]

Aranmore.— August 2nd, forty going 8.W.; wind light N.E.,
overcast. September 25th, ten flying W.; not often seen at the
cliffs where lighthouse is built; gale 8. W, clear.

Arran Island, N—July 3rd, two going E. Acie 15th,
flocks going 8.; wind light S.W., showers. September 15th,
two going §. October 4th, three going S.: 25th, seven going
S.E.; wind light S.E., gloomy. November 3rd and 5th, nine
each day going 8.; wind light E., gloomy. ‘ When the wind is
off the land, a good many visit isle.”

Arran Island, S—October 23rd, one at 9.30 P.M., killed
striking lantern ; wind light 8.E., misty.

WHIMBREL (Vumenius pheopus, Linn.).

Dungarvan.—April 22nd, one on rocks at noon, “first seen
this season”; wind fresh E., clear: 24th, three noted: 26th,
numbers going N.E., in flocks of from three to twelve, at
intervals of from ten to fifteen minutes, flying high; wind
moderate S.E., gloomy: 27th, great numbers, from 1 A.M. to
3 AM., going N.E.; wind S.E., misty, rain: 28th, several flocks
from 1 P.M. to 4 P.M. very large flocks from 10.30 P.M. to
11.30 p.M.; “all that passed this day went 8.W., though on
previous days it was N.E. they were flying;” wind light 8.W.,

1897] IRISH COAST 607

clear: 30th, numbers going S.W.; “at 4P.m. fifteen passed flying
very high, greatly scattered, and wheeling from side to side in
their flight, also flying very slow as if exhausted;” wind
moderate W., clear. May 3rd, very numerous all day about
vicinity of station; showers of hail: 5th, several going N.: 6th,
numbers all day going S.W.; wind 8.W., showery: 17th,
numbers all day about rocks. June 3rd, thirteen going S.W. ;
calm, clear. July 5th, six going 8.W.; strong breeze W., clear :
19th, numbers going S.W. at 10.30 P.M.; wind light §., misty,
rain: 27th, numbers going S., 10 pm. to 11.30 P.M; wind
moderate W., rain. August 1st, numbers going S. at 11.45 p.M.;
calm, hazy.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 25th, flock of May-birds going
N.E. [Curlews ?—R. M. B.]; wind light E., overcast.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—April 25th, three going N., first
seen this spring; wind light E., light showers.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— April 30th, flock going N.W.;
wind fresh S.W., rain. May 7th, flock going N., flying high ;
wind light N.W., rain.

Arklow South Light-ship.— April 27th and 28th, “some
Curlew heard during early part of each night”; wind light,
variable, gloomy. [Probably Whimbrel, also other entries from
this station under Curlew.—R. M. B.]

Arklow North Light-ship—April 29th, several “ May-birds
(Curlew)” going N.W.; wind fresh to strong S.W., clear.
August 26th, one Whimbrel going N.W.; wind strong §., rain.

Codling Bank Light-ship—April 27th, several flying over
ship at 9.15 p.M.; wind light E., light haze.

Innishtrahull.—April 27th, several Curlew heard at midnight ;
wind light W., misty—[ Probably Whimbrel.—R. M. B.]. May
2nd, eight “ May-birds” on island at noon; gale W., misty.

RosEaTE TERN (Sterna Dougalli, Montagu).

Hook Tower.—April 30th, bird found killed in tower balcony
with black back to head, and light slate back and wings, white
breast, with a beautiful delicate pink hue through breast
feathers, red legs and feet, and long forked tail; appears to be
the first of its kind caught about here. [Roseate Tern, adult
male, received in flesh. ]

608 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897
:
“TERNS.”

Codling Baak Inght-ship.—May 14th, four “ Northern Terns”
going 8.W. at 1 PM.; wind light S.W., clear: 19th, two
“Northern Terns” going §.W. at 5 P.M.; wind moderate N.E.,
clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—May ‘7th, the “ Mew ” made its first
appearance for the season, flocks came from the E. at sunrise;
light breeze W., clear. August 21st, the “Mew” all cleared off
the island.

“ GULLS.”

Fastnet—January 12th to 15th, two splendid white Gulls
about rock, about size of Herring Gull, one slightly smaller
than the other; pure white, beak white with black tip, legs
white; “this must be the Ivory Gull ”—[Most likely Glaucous
or Iceland Gulls.—R. M. B.]; wind N.E., strong, clear.

Mine Head—March and April, a few Common Gulls passing
in all directions; “no particular movement of sea-birds.”

Dungarvan.—February 10th, about fifty Herring Gulls going
H.: 14th, numbers of “ Kittiwakes ” feeding in lighthouse field.
June 7th, hundreds of Herring Gulls fishing: 24th, July 4th,
and August Ist, great numbers of Herring Gulls in bay.
August 8th, immense numbers of Kittiwake Gulls, Razorbills,
and Puffins fishing in bay: 14th, great numbers of Gannets,
Razorbills, and Kittiwake Gulls do.: 20th, great numbers of
Kittiwake, Herring, and Lesser Black-backed Gulls, and
Razorbills and Puffins do.: 26th, large flocks of Kittiwakes.
September 9th, hundreds of Kittiwakes going W., flying very
high in one continuous flock, about 100 yards wide and about
a mile in length; wind light S.E., clear: 12th and 13th, great
numbers do., fishing in harbour: 14th, thousands of Kittiwakes
and Jazorbills all day, fishing in harbour; calm, clear.
October 9th, thousands of Kittiwakes going S.W.; wind light
W., clear: 25th, hundreds do., going S.W.; gale E., gloomy.
November 11th, hundreds do., resting on water in bay; wind
light 8.E., gloomy. December 16th, one cream-coloured Gull,
supposed to be an Arctic—[Glaucous or Iceland.—R. M. B.]
Gull, soaring; gale S.W., squally.

Arklow North Light-ship.—Gulls occasionally noted during
every month. March 14th, two larks killed by Sea-gull. May

1897] IRISH COAST 609

17th, some “ Black-heads” noted, with Shearwaters. June 4th,
Sand Lark captured and eaten by “Royal Gull.” September
17th, several Kittiwake about ship during day; moderate to
fresh breeze N.W., clear.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship—April, great flocks of Gannet,
Puffin, and Razorbill Puffin, several Black-back and Herring
Gulls, also small Common Gulls and lots of Manx Shearwaters
passing station during this month. June, Gannets, small Gulls,
and Puffins passing and about ship this month. September
21st, Carrier Pigeon lit on ship, left at 3.30 p.M.; a Gull (Skua
Gull) followed and killed it. October, several Gannets, Herring
Gulls, small Common Gulls, Puffins, Razorbills, and Skua Gulls
about ship and passing during this month. December, several
Gannets, Herring Gulls, Black-back Gulls, small Common
Gulls, and “ Puffins” about station this month.

Aranmore—August 5th, one “Royal Gull” going 8.W.;
very scarce here: 27th, two “ Royal Gulls” going W. December
22nd, a hundred Gulls fishing: 23rd, two “Royal Gulls”
feeding.

Rathlin O Birne—January 3rd, one Glaucous Gull going W.
at noon; wind strong 8.W,, rain. February 18th, one do. going
E. at 1 P.M.; wind moderate 8.W., clear.

MANX SHEARWATER (Pufinus anglorum, Temminck).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—September 2nd, one about ship.

Tuskar.—March 4th, several dozen near rock at noon; gale
S.W.

Arklow South LInght-ship—March 27th, one fishing near ship.
April 17th, some passing various directions. May 4th, a few
going N.W. and N.E.: 7th, some going N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 23rd, some Mackerel Cocks
going N.E., first seen this year; wind moderate N., clear: 24th
and 26th, a few noted: 27th, about a hundred, going in various
directions ; wind variable, strong: 28th, a few going in various
directions. April 6th, 11th, and 12th, Shearwaters going N.E.:
23rd, some about ship. May 16th, several “ Murs, Mackerel
Cocks, and Shearwaters, also a few Parrots and Gannets about
ship”: 17th, some Black-heads and Shearwaters do.: 26th,
Mackerel Cocks going N.E.; drifting, feeding on small fish:
dist, some going in “various directions.” June Ist, Shear-

610 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

: : ;
waters going various directions: 12th, 13th, and 26th, some —

feeding near ship. July 15th, large quantity of Mackerel Cocks
at sunrise; wind light E.: 20th, large quantity during day:
22nd, do. August 6th, Shearwaters noted. October 7th, a
number of Shearwaters going N.W.; wind light 8.W., clear.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship.— March 13th, two Shearwaters
going N.W.: 14th, two going 8. April, lots of Manx Shear-
waters passing station during this month.

STORM PETREL (Proceliaria pelagiea, Linn.).

Coningbeg Light-ship.—July 5th, two flying astern of ship;
wind fresh §.W.: 24th, four, and 25th, three do.; wind fresh
S.W. August 25th to September 2nd, “Mother Carey’s
Chickens” noted daily; “from first appearance of Mother
Carey’s Chickens very strong heavy weather up to 2/9/97,
and a heavy sea running; this bird’s appearance indicates very
heavy weather in Channel;” wind S.W. September 21st to
24th, some daily about ship; wind generally fresh S.W.
October 13th, 15th, and 17th, some about ship; gale S.W. on
17th: 25th, one caught on deck; fresh breeze S.E. November
17th, two caught on upper deck ; wind light variable, gloomy.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship.—October 16th, one about ship;
wind strong S.W.: 17th, several; gale S.W.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—September 27th, two Petrels
about light from 9 P.M. to 10 P.M.; one killed; wind light S.,
half cloudy.

Arklow North Light-ship—August 26th, one about ship;
wind strong S., rain.

Codling Bank Light-ship.—June 1st, one about ship at 4 P.M.;
calm, haze.

Aranmore.—September 12th, one struck light at 8 PM;
first seen at this station; not ‘“ Fork-tail”; wind moderate S.,
misty.

Blacksod Pownt.—[November 17th, one caught at lantern,
received in flesh.]

FORK-TAILED PETREL (Cymochorea lewcorrhoa, Vieill).

Berehaven.—October 28th, a bird, supposed to be a Fork-
tailed Petrel, found dead at foot of tower, having struck

*
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~~

—
:

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Te eee ee eee Se

IRISH COAST 611

fern; wind S.E., cloudy and gloomy, slight mist. [Fork-
jal Petrel, thin starved specimen, received in fiesh—
R. M. B.]

4

RAZORBILL (Alca torda, Linn.) and
GuILLemot (Uria troile, Linn.).

_ Dungarvan.—April 16th, several Razorbills all day, strong
‘breeze W. June 7th, hundreds: 10th, great numbers of
Razorbills and their young all day: 26th, numbers all day.
July 4th, numbers of Guillemots, Razorbills, and Herring Gulls
fishing in bay. August 3rd, numbers of Razorbills and
_ Guillemots fishing: 8th and 20th, great numbers of Gulls,
_Razorbills, and Puffins. September 14th, thousands of
Kittiwakes and Razorbills.

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 28th, “ Mur” caught in small
boat after heavy gale.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship—January 10th, ten “ Murs”
‘about ship; wind light S. rain. May 5th, a large number
during day, several floated by dead; wind fresh N.W., squally :
9th, several large flocks going N.E.; wind light N.W., clear.
November 4th, several large flocks going S.W. during day:
wind light E., clear: 13th and 14th, flocks each day going S.E.;
on 14th some also going W.; wind N., cloudy. December 26th,
one “ Puffin” found dead on deck at 9.30 p.m [Leg and wing
of Guillemot received]; heavy gale S.W., rain.

Arklow South Light-ship— April 26th, Razorbills pass with
the tide, drifting.

Arklow North Light-ship—January 15th, flocks of “Murs ”
noted: 21st, a few do.: 28th, a few “Murs.” March 2nd and
3rd, flocks of “Murs” going N.E.; wind strong, variable: 5th,
7th, and 10th, “Murs” noted going “various” directions:
14th, going N.: 17th, about sixty: 23rd, about twenty going
N.E.: 27th, about fifty: and 28th, a few. April 5th, several
noted. May 5th, a few: 16th to 26th, frequently noted.
July ist, a few: 20th, a large quantity during day; wind
light N.E. August 2nd, a considerable quantity, and “great
numbers of sea-birds” several times noted during this month:
14th, number of Guillemot fishing.

Codling Bank Light-ship—April, great flocks of Gannet,
Puffin, and Razorbill Puffia, also several Blackback Gull and

612 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

Herring Gull, also small Common Gulls, and lots of Manx
Shearwaters passing station during this month. June, Gannets,
small Gulls, and “ Puffins” passing and about ship this month.
October, several Gannets, Herring Gulls, small Common Gulls,
“ Puffins,” Razorbills, and Skua Gulls about ship and passing
during this month. December, several Gannets, Herring Gulls,
Blackback Gulls, small Common Gulls, and “ Puffins” about
station this month. [“Puffins” may be Guillemots or
Razorbills.—R. M. B.]

Skelligs.—Razorbills and Guillemots frequent this rock all
the year round.

Buack GuILLEMoT (Uria grylle, Linn.).

Innishtrahull.—[December 10th, Black Guillemot shot on
island, received in flesh. ]

PurFin (fratercula arctica, Linn.).

Arklow South Light-ship—April 13th, odd Sea Parrots
drifting past; first seen this season; wind moderate 5.E.,
rain: 15th, some passing: 16th’and 17th, small flocks. going
N.W.; wind strong 8.W., showery: 19th and 21st, small flocks
going various directions: 26th, two flocks going N.E.: 29th,
small flocks going 8.W. May 7th, some drifting past.

Arklow North Light-ship—May 15th, two Parrots about
ship, the first seen this year; wind light N., clear: 16th, 22nd,
and 25th, a few about ship. June Ist to 5th, frequently noted :
24th, some fishing about ship. July 1st, 4th, and 6th, a few
fishing. August 11th, numbers of Sea Parrots and their young
fishing; wind strong 8.W., showery.

Rathlin O’ Birne-—March 12th, “large flocks of ‘ Puffin’ all
day going N.”; wind fresh N.W. [Early, if identification be
correct.—R. M. B.]

“ GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.”

‘ Dungarvan.—January 7th, great numbers fishing in bay all
day; wind light to moderate S.E., gloomy. March Sth, two
noted, “first seen for some weeks”: 7th; three: 8th, numbers
all day fishing; wind fresh S.W.: 19th, four: 24th, numerous
all day; wind strong N.W. April 8th, several: 24th, one.

:
.
B
.
|

1897] IRISH COAST 613

May 2nd, two. December 21st, five, “first seen this winter”;
strong breeze S.E.

Arklow North Light-ship-—January 1st, and February 9th
and 10th, some about ship. April 3rd, 6th, 11th, and 12th,
some going N.E.: 22nd, several about ship. August 4th and
5th, a great number, accompanied by their young.

Codling Bank Lnght-ship.—May 8th, one going N.E.

Aranmore—August 31st, one under cliff; only one seen on
this part of island; strong wind S.W., asad

Rathlin O Birne.—February 9th, one going §. March 9th,
one going N.

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Linn.) and
SHAG (P. graculus, Linn.).

Dungarvan. — March 10th, Cormorants very numerous all
day. April 5th, four (“ white-breasted”) going E.: 15th, very
numerous: 19th, one “large Green Cormorant” going W.
August 21st, six “Crested Cormorants” going W.; “Crested
Cormorants seldom seen here.” September 8th, a flock of

_ fifteen “large Green Cormorants” going N.E. December 16th,

seven Cormorants going N.E.

Coningbeg Light-ship. — October 20th, two about ship.
December 23rd, do.

Arklow South Light-ship.—May 19th, one going N.

Arklow North Light-ship.—June 25th, one going N.E.
August 20th, one going do. October 12th, three going W.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 11th, one going N.W.
March 23rd, one going N.E. May 14th, one going S.E. June
3rd, two going N.E. October 13th, one going S.E.

Aranmore.—August 22nd, twenty going S.W.; fresh breeze
S.W., fog.

Arran Island, N.—November, three or four always about
rock.

Skelligs—Cormorants frequent this rock all the year round.

GANNET (Sula bassana, Linn.)

Mine Head—February 20th, a few seen on the water.
September 13th, about fifty going N.E.: 19th, twenty on water.

Dungarvan.—July 5th, numbers. August 6th and 14th,
great numbers, fishing,

614 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1s97

:

Coningbeg Light-ship—March 16th, several flying round ship,
May 16th, several about ship: 22nd, three flocks going N.W.
July 14th, 15th, and 20th, some about ship. September 7th,
9th, 13th, 24th, and 27th, some about ship. October 13th,
14th, and 18th, several about ship: 19th, large flock. December
24th, three: 28th, two.

Lucifer Shoals Light-ship—April 22nd, eight going 8.W.:
23rd, seven going N.E.

Blackwater Bank Light-ship.— February 22nd, flock going
N.E. May 12th, large number going N.E., flying in pairs.

Arklow South Light-ship—March 27th, some fishing during
day. April 13th, small flocks going N.E.: 30th, and May 3rd,
small flocks going various directions: 7th, 11th, 13th, and 16th,
small flocks going N. and N.E.

Arklow North Light-ship—March 5th, three going W.: 23rd,
twenty, black and white, going N.E.: 24th, a few going N.W.:
26th, 27th, and 28th, a few going various directions. April 3rd,
some going N.E.: 9th and 10th, some going N.E. May Ist,
a few going W.: 10th, twenty-five going N.E.: 13th, several
going N.E.: 14th, large flocks going N.E.: 16th, a few about
ship: 19th, large flocks going N.E.: 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th,
flocks going N.E.: 25th,a few flocks going N.E.: 26th and 27th,
a few going N.E. June 26th, some going N.E. July 12th,
several going N.E.: 26th, some going N.E.: 27th, do.: 30th, and
July 9th, 14th, 16th, and 28th, fishing about ship. September
17th, a few going N.E.: 26th, ten going S.W. ;

Codling Bank Light-ship.—April, great flocks of Gannet and
other sea-fowl (see under Razorbill and Guillemot) passing
station during this month. October, several Gannet, Herring
Gulls, small Common Gulls, Puffins, Razorbills, and Skua Gulls
about ship and passing. December, several Gannet.

Aranmore.—September 6th, five fishing. December 19th,
eight do. |

Arran Island, N.i—February 27th, one going N.W. at noon
struck balcony, killed; sun shining very brightly, clear. [The
first recorded instance of any bird killed striking an Irish light-

house in daytime. No doubt dazzled by reflected rays of sun.—-

R. M. B.]. March 18th and 31st, several about island all day.
May, several every day diving about rock.
Bull Rock.—October 15th, one young Gannet, the first of this

_—s— -r S. ee ee ee we

——— so. eS

ae at

1897] IRISH COAST 615

year’s hatching seen to leave nest for water: 26th, all Gannets
have left rock and its vicinity this day.

HERON (Ardea cinerea, Linn.).

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November, two or three seen fre-
quently during this month.

Arran Island, Si—[December 21st, old male Heron shot,
received in flesh. ]

BARNACLE GOOSE (Bernicla leucopsis, Bechst.).

Dungarvan.—February 9th, one going E.; “rarely seen here.”

Aranmore.—October 7th, forty at 8 A.M. going N.W., first
flock seen passing this year; wind light 8.; thirty-eight at
4 pM. going do.; wind fresh 8.W., cloudy. November 10th,
forty at 7.30 A.M. going W.; light breeze S., rain: 12th, fifteen
at 6.30 P.M. going do.; strong breeze S.W., hail showers.
December 1st, ten going 8.W.; strong breeze N.E., showery:
24th, eighteen feeding ; fresh breeze 8.: 25th, twenty at noon
going W.; strong breeze 8.W., showers: 31st, fourteen going E.;
“these birds appear to feed on island”—[ Leg and wing of one
received, shot]; wind moderate N.W., mist; mild weather.

Rathlin O Birne.—March 29th, fifteen going N.; wind strong
N.W.: 31st, ten going N.; wind fresh N.

Arran Island, N—December, I have watched particularly for
Barnacle or Brent, but have not seen any either in vicinity or
passing.

“ GEESE.”

Mine Head.—April 13th and 14th, flock of Wild Geese each
day going N.E. November 22nd, six going N.

Dungarvan.—January 30th, one going 8.W.; “a very large
bird.” October 19th, two Wild Geese going S. at 7 a.M.; calm,
hazy. November 6th, five Brent Geese going E., “first I have
seen for years”; strong breeze E., gloomy. December 5th, four
Wild Geese going S.W.; “flying high and giving tongue”;
moderate breeze S.W., rain.

Arklow North Light-ship—October 13th, one noted.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 12th, two Wild Geese
noted.

Innishtrahull—January 15th, six on island at 8 A.M.; flew

616 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

:

S. at 8.30 a.m.; wind light S., clear. April 21st, from two to
three hundred going N. at 6.30 P.M.; wind moderate S.E.,
clear.

Rathlin O’'Birne.—January 5th, four White-fronted Geese
going N.; strong breeze S.E., cloudy and clear: 10th, three do.:
14th, sixteen going S.: 15th, ten going S.: 24th, twelve going
N.: 28th, seven going N.E. February 27th, eight very large
Grey Geese going N. March 3rd, nine White-fronted Geese
going N.; wind fresh W.

Arran Island, N—January 20th, three going N.; wind fresh
N.E., clear. October 28th, seven going 8.; wind moderate S.E.,
gloomy. December, have watched particularly for Barnacle or
Brent, but not seen any.

Arran Island, S.—October 31st, eight going S.W.; wind
light S.E., clear.

Skelligs—December 22nd, four Grey Geese on rock all day;
wind fresh 8.

“ SWANS.”

Aranmore.—December 24th, two at 10.30 aM.; feeding on
lake shore; these birds remained on island three days, not
seen since 1894; fresh breeze S., cloudy.

Rathlin OBirne.—January 6th, seven white and two grey
Swans at 11 am. going N.; gale E., mist: 21st, four white
Swans at 11 aM. going S8.; wind light N., clear. March 7th,
four white Swans at 1.30 P.M. going N.; wind moderate E.
April 21st, two going do.; wind fresh E.

Broadhaven.—January 21st, thirty at 8 A.M. going W.; wind
moderate N.E.

« DUCKS,

Dungarvan.—January 5th, about a hundred and fifty large
Ducks going E.; gale S.E., gloomy. March 9th, thirty-one
Mallard and Duck and six Teal about rocks; “the outlying
rocks, called the Runners, are a great resort for Duck, Teal,
Wigeon, and Curlew”: 19th, one Sheldrake (supposed from the
plumage to be female) going 8.W. April 2nd, one Sheldrake
(male) going N.E. May 4th, one “Saw-bill Wigeon”—
[Merganser ?] (male) going S.W.; “first seen since I came to
this station”: 17th, two Sheldrake, male and female, on water.

.
|
:

i i et te eee

ae

1897) IRISH COAST 617

August 27th, one Sheldrake going S.W. October Ist, about a
hundred Duck swimming about bay; wind light N.W., clear:
2nd, hundreds of Duck noted. November 11th, to this date
from 1st October Duck to be seen almost every day in more or
less numbers: 21st, about a hundred Duck and Mallard: 22nd,
do. very numerous. December 18th, a flock of thirteen
Wigeon: 21st, thirteen Duck noted: 22nd, male and female
Merganser going N.E.; “ first seen this winter.”

Coningbeg Light-ship—October 9th, two Wild Duck flying
N.W.: 23rd, one on water near ship. November 5th, two
flying N.W.

Barrels Rock Light-ship.—November 4th, large flock of Wild
Duck going N.W. at 10 p.m.; calm, clear.

Arklow South Light-ship—October 31st, some Wild Duck
among Starlings and other birds about light this night; wind
S.E., light haze.

Arklow North Light-ship—February 7th, flock of Wild Duck
going N.W.: 12th, two Wild Duck and one Mallard going
N.W.; wind moderate S.E., overcast.

Codling Bank Light-ship—January 12th, great flocks of
Duck and Wigeon noted; wind light S.E. April 6th, several
flocks of Wigeon going N.E.; wind moderate S.W., clear.

Copeland (Mew) Island.—November, some Teal seen frequently
during this month. December, a few Wild Duck frequent the
marshes on the island.

Innishtrahull—June 3rd, one in water at landing; wind
light E., misty.

Aranmore—September 20th, ten on small lake; fresh
breeze N.W., clear. October 7th, three Teal on stream at
lough shore; wind light S., cloudy.

Rathlin O Birne—April 19th, nine going N.; wind fresh S.

Arran Island, N—November 1st, three Wigeon going §.;
wind light E., hazy.

BIRDS NOT IDENTIFIED.

Dungarvan.—June 9th, bird the size of a large Cormorant,
quite black, shaped like a Great Northern Diver, and had bill
and head like Northern Diver, but smaller and finer; wings
larger; it flew very fast, without any apparent exertion.
December 8th, bird much larger than a Gannet, dark grey, with

2R

618 MIGRATION OF BIRDS [1897

/

a white bar at root of tail, a dark bill shaped like a Northern
Diver’s, the body and neck long and slender, with very long
swallow-shaped wings. “I took it for a young Gannet until I
got the telescope to bear on it; I calculate that the spread of
the wings was fully eleven or twelve feet; the flight resembled
a Gannet’s.”

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Mine Head.—February, no birds strike the lantern here, and
they are hardly ever seen hovering near it, I suppose on
account of its being so much shut in from the land, as two-
thirds of the light is cut off from shore direction.

Rockabill—Spring, not many birds seen from January until
about the middle or 20th of April. On April 27th and 28th
there were a large number of small birds to be seen passing by
the rays of the light, but not close enough to distinguish. Not
many of them struck the glass, and only a few to be seen about
the rock in day-time. Autumn, the largest numbers seen were
on the 21st and 29th of October. Very few seen in November
and December.

St John’s Point, Down.—February, I have not sent you
any notes from here, simply because no birds strike here
except Starling.

Copeland (Mew) Island—May, no rare birds visited during
the spring. No birds killed or disabled.

Lough Swilly—April 29th, curious looking moth caught
yesterday. [Puss Moth (Cerura vinula, Linn.) received.]

Aranmore.—< Few rare birds to be seen here, and seldom any
of the common species (such as Thrush, Blackbird, Starling, etc.)
strike the lantern. It may be the red and white alternate
flashes which cause this, as when I was at Rathlin O’Birne
(next station) the white bright light there at the time caused
many to strike at the end of autumn and beginning of winter.
Starlings and other birds, which in other places are to be seen
in flocks, are very scarce on this island.—J. C. MACGINLEY.”

Rathlin O Birne—January, February, March, and April, no
birds struck glass of lantern.

Broadhaven.—This is a poor place for birds.

Arran Island, N.—Spring, very few small birds touch upon
this island at all; in fact, all kinds of birds seem scarce about the

|

ae IRISH COAST 619

place. Autumn, when the wind is N.W., W., or S.W., there
are very few birds seen about here; but, on the other hand,.
when the wind is 8.E., E., or N.E. (a¢., off the land), a good
number visit island, such as Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings,
Linnets, “Sparrows,” and Curlew.

Arran Island, S—Very few birds strike lantern of this
lighthouse.

Loop Head.—* November 15th, we have not nearly so many
migrants along the coast as are seen on the east coast of
Ireland. Birds in spring and autumn are as numerous about
Tuskar, Rockabill, and the Maidens as they are about
Heligoland. During the most severe frost we had here, in
the winter of 1893, there was a very large number of birds in
the vicinity of this station, consisting of Blackbirds, Thrushes,
Redwings, Starlings, Larks, ‘ Bullfinches,’ Titlarks, ‘ Warblers,’
Curlews, ‘Grey Plover, Lapwing, ‘Crows, Woodcock, and
Jackdaws. The latter are very rare visitors here. As an
instance of the number of birds we had, and the severity of
the frost, I was able to catch several Curlew and Lapwing with
my hands. Within half a mile of the station I counted over

four hundred dead birds along the road_—Joun HAmMILTon.”

Samphire Island.—No rush of birds in this locality worth
recording. Not even one bird struck lantern during the last
twelve months. (Letter dated 16th March 1898.)

MEASUREMENTS

APPENDIX.

OF

WINGS

OF BIRDS

OBTAINED AT IRISH LIGHT-STATIONS.
(Chiefly killed striking lanterns. )

Species.

Falco peregrinus 1—
PEREGRINE Fatcon (4),

‘ Falco esalon—
MERLIN (38),

”? p

9
Falco tinnunculus—
KESTREL (6),

Asio otus—
LoNnG-EARED Ow1t (1),
Lanius pomeranus—
WoopcHaT SHRIKE (1),
Muscicapa grisola—

SpoTtTen FLYCATCHER (14),

Length of

wing

in inches.

. 14°500,

. 14-000,
. 12°200,

9°075,
9-000,
8*750,

9°875,
9°850,
9°500,
9-425,
9°375,
9-300,

. 11°400,

3°825,

Spring—

3425,
3375,

23

3°350,

tI
3°300,
3-250,
3°200,

Autumn—

3-375,
99
3°350,
3-275,

Date.

Feb.
Jan.
Sept.
May

10, /89,
18, /98,
18, /98,
3, /99,

24, /87,
» /95,
. 21, /98,

? /91,
. 27, /94,

2 /91,
Noy. 13, /97,
Mar. 27, /92,
April 19, /90,

Nov. 13, /87,
Aug. 16, /93,

June 1, /87,
May 17, /93,
April 18, /95,
May 28, /98,
9 23, /90,
Fae 26/92:
», 18, /88,
», 16, /93,
1, 10, /99,

July 30, /95,

Nov. 20-30, /97,

Oct: 2; /87,
Sept. 21, /87,
[Ree’d. Oct.

Station.

Slyne Head.
Rathlin Island.
Fastnet.

Mine Head.

Tearaght.
Hook Tower.

9) 2»?

Tearaght or Skelligs.
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Skelligs or Tearaght.
Mine Head.

Tearaght.

Rathlin.

Tuskar,.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Tuskar.

Tearaght.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

Blackrock, Mayo.

3-295
"1 20, /89],

1 Most of the Falconide were shot.

258

622 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Length of :
Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Muscicapa parva—
RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (4), 2°900, Sept. 24, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,
5 a se 2°750, Oct. 20, /90, Tearaght.
. x 2°650, ,, 28, /95, Tory Island.
- re Bs 2°625, ,, 28, /87, ArklowS. L.-ship.
Muscicapa atricapilla—
PIED FLYCANCHER (4), Y . 8°175, Sept. 28, /88, Tuskar.
re 5 : ‘ . 3°050, », 21, /86, Tearaght.
a ¥ ‘ : , s Oct. 5, /86, Fastnet.
A s E : : a Sept. 8, /96, 5
Turdus viscivorus—
MissEL-THRUSH (12), . ‘ . 6°200, Mar. 6, /89, Rockabill.
45 ms ; , > Feb. 20, /90, Maidens.
oe) oe) 6150, » 26, /90, 29
se x : ; . 6'100, Nov. 6, /91, Fastnet.
- i ot . 6°075, Jan. 19, /91, Oyster Island.
a a : : . 6°000, Oct. (2),-/86, Tuskar.
” oe > E 2 19 Nov. 12, /87, a9
a Ps 3 2 : ss », 80, /88, Aranmore.
= oo Y : . 5 of 6, /91, Hook Tower.
a “A ; : pt w/o, “Decs 6; /90; _ - 2
. 5 , : . 5°875, Feb. 2, /95, Samphire Island.?
ae 5 : : - 5°850, Nov. 23, /92, Hook Tower.
Turdus musicus—
THRUSH (94), . , : . 4°775, Feb. 7, /88, Coningbeg Lt.-ship,
- s : 5 : : “ Mar, 19, /91, Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
ss : : : : : us Noy. 3, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
r : : : é . 4°750, Feb. 19, /87, Tuskar.
5H : : : : : * Jan. 18, /88, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
49 2 : : : : Pr Oct. 27, /91, Rockabill. :
se . : 3 ‘ a Jan. 22, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3 . ; : : : 5 Oct. 8, /98, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
3 33 Nov. 9, /98, Mine Head.
s : es dir : . 4°725, Jan. 11, /90, Tearaght.
“ : ‘ : : : 9 Feb. 20, /90, Maidens.
a : f s : : Rs Noy. 19, /90, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
a : : ; ‘ 5 5 », 27, /94, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
sg ; : ; . 4°700, Feb. 28, /90, Maidens.
oe : : f : a Dec. 9, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
as : : ; : F 5 Feb. 8, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
a : : : : Ar Dec. 24, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
ae a : : : ’ A Feb. 3, /97, Tuskar.
=e 4 ‘ ; ; : ne Oct. 6, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
- : : : : : = », 15, /98, Tearaght.
e ‘ ‘ ¢ : » 49675, © ,,909 7, /86, Rockabill.

1 Shot on mainland. 2 Found dead during severe frost.

Species.

Turdus musicus—
TurusH (94),

39

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

Length of
wing
in inches,

4°675,

Date.

Nov. 18, /89,

” 18, /90,
Jan. 8, /91,
sacs pe OR
Oct. 8, /98,
Nov. 19, /98,
Oct. (?), /87,
April 21, /90,
Nov. 17, /90,
Feb. 4, /91,
(2) Dec. 7, /91,
Mar. 23, /92,
Feb. 7, /88,
Dec. 19, /90,
April 2, /91,
Jan. 8, /93,
Oct. 15, /95,
” 26, /97,
Nov. 11, /87,
Oct. 16, /88,
Noy. 6, /88,

» 9, /88,

” 30, /88,
Oct. 21, /89,

1» 26, /89,
Feb. 25, /90,
Nov. 14, /90,

» 95, /91,
Sept. 29, /97,
Oct. 22, /97,
Mar. 19, /87,
Oct. 21, /87,
Jan. 16, /91,
Oct. 27, /91,
Mar. 19, /92,
Oct. 29, /92,
Nov. 2, /96,
Oct. 12, /98,
April 4, /91,
Feb. 10, /91,
Mar. 19, /91,
Oct. 28, /91,
Sept. 23, /92,
Nov. 9, /94,
April 4, /96,
Oct. 28, /97,
Jan, 22, /98,

623

Station.

Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Skulmartin Rock Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Oyster Island.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

2
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Maidens.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arran Island, N.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.
Tearaght.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Aranmore.
Tearaght.
Tuskar.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.
Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
Tuskar.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.
Skulmartin Rock Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow S.. Lt.-ship.
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

39 ” >

624
Species.

Turdus musicus—
THRUSH (94),

22° ~ =
Turdus tliacus—
REDWING (53), .

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Length of
wing Date.
in inches.

4°525, Jan. 28, /85,
» Oct. (4), /86,
Dec. 25, /86,
, Oct. 26, /90,
3 Hobs 7p/9,
Ae Jan. 4, /97,
bt ORAM IB, 187,

Nov. 10, /98,

8, /86,

- June 2, /86,

ar Mar. 21, /87,

- Jan. 17, /88,
yy Feb. 23, /89,
3 Nov. 6, /91,
” 39 2, /94,
He, Feb. 9,°/95,

big Nov. 10, /98,
4°475, Mar. 10, /87,
Dec. 13, /92,
6, /87,
.. 28, /90,
» Deg. 19, /90,
7 Jan. 30, /92,
4:425, Mar. 11, /88,
4:400, Nov. 12, /87,
4:300, Mar. 18, /90,
Autumn—
4°825, Oct. 26, /86,
a3 Dec. 22, /87,
4°800, Nov. 23, /97,
a7 faye Oct... 16, /87,
We DON? @,,. HAS /89;
4°725, Nov. 6, /88,

yy Oct. 24, /97,
4°700, ,, 28, /86,
9? 9? 25, /97,

a Nov. 23, /97,

i Dec. 22, /97,
4°675, Oct. 19, /89,
sep ea
55 Dec. 24, /90,
. 10, /93,
1, /97,
a Dec. 23, /97,
23, /97,

1 Found dead during severe frost.

Station.

Tearaght.

Tuskar.

Rathlin O’Birne.
Hook Tower.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

39 99 3)
Tuskar.
Mine Head.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
29 9

29 29

Fastnet.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Samphire Island.?
Dungarvan.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
2

Arran Island, N.

Tory Island.

Maidens.

Tearaght.

Mine Head.

Rockabill.

Arran Island, N.

39 ”

+)

Pe)
Maidens.

2?
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.
Arran Island, N.

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 625

Length of
Species. wing Date. Station,
in inches.
Turdus iliacus— Autumn—
REDWING (53), . r ! . 4°675, Nov. 8, /98, Tuskar.
* : : ; . 4°650, Dec. 19, /90, Tearaght.
a : : ; . 4°625, Oct. 17, /87, Tuskar.
” a . ° . ” ” 1%, /87, ”
a P : : : 7 Noy. 11, /90, South Rock Lt.-ship.
a ; Z . ¢ -e Oct. 23, /97, Fastnet.
| e : ; ; ‘ a Nov. 19, /97, Arran Island, N.
os) : ’ ° . ? ” 19, /97, ” =)
“ri : : : : Ri Dec. 23, /97, 5 is
Ay : ‘ : . 4°600, Oct. 26, /89, Tuskar.
re : ; ; F ‘. Dec. 22, /97, Arran Island, N.
is : : i . 4575, Nov. 11, /87, Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
- d 2 : ‘ ‘5 vs 9, /88, Copeland (Mew) Island.
BS : . ; ‘ 5s Jan. 9, /98, Hook Tower.
3 P ; I . 4°550, Oct. 23, /97, Copeland (Mew) Island.
es . 2 : ; be Nov. 19, /97, Arran Island, N.
aa : : / ‘ = Dec. 238, /97, x s
* 3 : é . 4525, Oct. 16, /85, Eagle Island.
= : : ‘ é ce Nov. 12, /87, Fastnet.
* F : ; “ i. Sept. 20, /92, Rockabill.
a : ; : 5 = Jan. 10, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
sis : - i ; fe Dec. 18, /97, Arran Island, N.
D Soherlonll gh AOR 0 OY, kos %
- , : : . 4450, Nov. 12, /87, Innishtrahull.
me : 4 : y sy Oct. 27, /91, Rockabill.
‘ : F , g me Nov. 7, /91, Hook Tower.
iz : : ; ‘ re 5 1, /97, Arran Island, N.
a] . . . . ” ” 23, /97, ” ”
es : 4 : » 4°425,) Dees) 20, /97, Pe i
9 , ‘ . ° 4°400, ” 18, /97, ” ”
“A , ; ; S\ ABTS, ANoy.., <1, /97, 7 is
fi ae ee i eee
pring—

8 ; : ; . 4°550, Mar. 5, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
» 8, /94, Codling Bank Lt.-ship.

»”? , . a ”
an : : P . 4400, Feb. 16, /88, Mine Head.!
Turdus pilaris— Autumn—
FIELDFARE (38), ; 2 . 6125, (2) Nov. 19, /92, Innishtrahull.
= 5 : . é . 6:000, Dec. 9, /90, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
ae ae P , ‘ oe B97 D pty 6, /90, Hook Tower.
" 4 . : z 3 Nov. 13, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

ee; ; Weeden be G398G0% yo529, (98, Maidens.

ee Be : . ; . 5900, Dec. 15, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
= a . ’ ; . 5°875, Nov. 5, /91, Copeland (Mew) Island.

ee 3 é : ‘ . 5°825, ,, 22, /92, Maidens.

1 Shot on mainland.

626 MIGRATION OF BIRDS |

Length of

Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches,
Turdus pilaris— Autumn—
FIELDFARE (88), ; ’ . 5°825, Nov. 10, /98, Tuskar.
2? 9) i ° i * 99 3° 14, /98,

a”

DESOO stuns. 4, /91, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
é : : DINOS ee iss 7, /87, Tuskar.
af ; : : : bs 3 6, /88, Tearaght.
A me : 3 ’ : 4; PH 9, /98, Tuskar.
5°750, 4, 10, /87, Eagle Island.

5 Dec. (2)20,/97, Hook Tower.
; : : + 5:725; Oct. 24, /86, Rockabill?
4 x : : F 3 4p », 27, /86, Innishtrahull.
is Nov. 26, /86, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Oct. 16, /87, Tory Island.

a Nov. 6, /91, Fastnet.
5°700, Jan. 30, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
: é : : Dec. 18, /97, Tuskar.
5 55 : : ‘ 5 A Oct. 21, /98, Bull Rock.

fr Nov. 9, /98, Tuskar.
5°675, Dec. 19, /87, Mine Head.?
5°650, Nov. 2, /88, Copeland (Mew) Island.
5°625, ,, 23, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
5SGOOR Maes. 9, /87, Tuskar. *
: : i : hs Dec. 8, /90, Tearaght.
s +f 5 ; : . 5°575, Nov. 16, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
ap 7, /91, Tearaght.
5°475, Oct. 16, /87, Tory Island.
5°425, Dec. 19, /99, Maidens.

pring— =

. > : : : . 5°750, April 20, /90, Copeland (Mew) Island.

o ao : : : . 5°700, Mar. 21, /95, Samphire Island.2 _

na a : : 5 . 5°625, (?) April, /89, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

a 95 : : 3 é 4 April 28, /91, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Length of

Species. Sex.3 wing Date. Station,

in inches.

Turdus merula, ;
5°550, Feb. 12, /95, Samphire Island.4

BLACKBIRD (120), rs)
*; « 6 e375" 20), /90; Maidens:
a . 6 5°350, Oct. 27, /92, Rockabill.
“A . @ 5:275, Jan. 1, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
He . 6 5:'250, Oct. 27, /91, Rockabill.
‘ : ss Noy. 9, /98, . Tuskar.
r . 6 5°225, Oct. 9, /86, Mine Head.
1 Shot on mainland. 2 Found dead after severe frost.

%In this column 9 denotes female or young. 4 Found dead during severe frost.

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 627

Length of
wing
in inches.

Species. Sex. Date. Station.

Turdus merula—
BLAcKsrrp (120),

& 7 0 0 0B WW AWAAHBAAYWAAAA NW AW AW NHWWHWAWAWAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADB

5225,
5-200,

”
5:175,

. 22, /92,
24, /97,
29, /88,
7, /91,
20, /87,
9, /98,
27, /91,
13, /97,
19, /87,
3, /89,
7, /91,
17, /92,
15, /93,
9, /98,
2, /86,
8, /94,
Jan. 4, /97,
Oct. 24, /98,
2” 4, /86,
Nov. 12, /87,
Feb. 22, /90,
9 (?) 23, /90,
April 4, /91,

Feb.
Noy.
Oct.
Nov.
Feb.
Oct.
Nov.
Oct.
Aug.
Noy.
June
Oct.

Oct. 26-27, /91,
»» 26-27,/91,

Mar. 26, /92,
Oct. 17, /92,
» 25, /92,
Dee. 13, /92,
Noy. 138, /97,
” 9, /98,
oe 4, /90,
25, /92,
28, /97,
seilld,, /9%4
+ 09, (28:
», 10, /87,
. 24,-/90,
21, /90,
27, /91,
7, /91,
2, /92,
wid; /92;
» 18, /92,
” 8, /98,
”? 9, /98,

Hook Tower.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship,

Aranmore,

Tearaght.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

Tuskar.

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.

Arran Island, N.

Tuskar.

Maidens.

Tearaght.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Mine Head.

Coningbeg Lt. -ship.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
”? 2? o?

Rockabill.

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.

Maidens.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

South Rock Lt.-ship.

Hook Tower.

99 22
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
” a: ”

Arran Island, N.
Mine Head.
Oyster Island.
Codling Bank Lt.-ship.

” 2) 9?
Arran Island, N.
Tuskar.
Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.
Rockabill.
Arklow N, Lt.-ship.

9) ”

Tuskar,
Mine Head.

628 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Length of
Species. Sex. wing Date. Station.
in inches.

Turdus merula—

BLACKBIRD (120), g 5°000, Nov. 10, /37, Blackrock, Mayo.
3 Q ‘. April 4, /91, South Rock Lt.-ship.
AG Q ae Oct. 27, /92, Rockabill.
ir Q a Nov. 15, /92, Tearaght.
5 fe) i. », 27, /94, Rockabill.
5s 6 4°975, Oct. 16, /87, Tory Island.
" Q by » 27, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
si f°) ae », 18, /92, Hook Tower.
ig 3 ee Nov. 22, /92, Rockabill.
- 3 . Dec, 24, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
a g BA Nov. 27, /94, Rockabill.
5 Q 53 Oct. 29, /97, Mine Head.
ba 2 ae Feb. 18, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
eA Q a Oct. 8, /98, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
55 @ 4°950, ,, 23, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
oF) £ ” Mar. 20, /87, 29 ”?
5 3 ) », 19, /91, Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
a5 3 £, Oct. 26, /89, Tuskar.
” 2 ” », li, /87, ”?
5 f°) 7 », 26-27, /91, Hook Tower.
” 2 ” ” 26-27, /91, 39 ‘%
a ; : ‘ i) As Feb. 5, /97, Tuskar.
oF : : ‘ Ol 14925, # Mar. 29; 9/8, Pe
ne Q i July 16, /87, Hook Tower.
Be Q 54 Mar. 13, /90, Innishtrahull.
55 Q A » 17, /90, Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
& » Feb. 12, /95, Samphire Island.
ne g ve Oct. 25, /97, Mine Head.
5 g 4:900, Dec. 4, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship._
56 2 pS Oct. 16, /88, Tuskar.
‘5 f°) 3 Mar. 17, /90, Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
A fe) ae Oct. 6, /91, Copeland (Mew) Island.
> 2 ‘; Nov. 7, /91, Tearaght.
ae fo} F » 10, /92, Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
. Q 5% Dec. 24, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
50 Q BA Nov. 8, /98, Tuskar.
99 2 99 O99 8, /98, 29
33 g 4°875, Oct. 16, /88, 7
5 $ Kis Noy. 13, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
” é é3 », 16,:/90, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
2 2 as Oct. 15, /92, Hook Tower.
Re 3 i» Nov. 2, /94, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
50 Q Bs s, 24, /94, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Ae g 55 Oct. 29, /96, Tuskar.
as g ” », 18, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

1 Found dead during severe frost.

Species.

Turdus merula—
BLACKBIRD (120),

Species.

Turdus torquatus,
RinG-OvuzeEt (15),

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

Sex.

+40 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 + +0 OF 40 O& +O +0 Os +0 *) 40 +O +40 +40 +0

Length of
wing
in inches.

Date.

629

Station.

4°875, Nov.20-30, /97, Tuskar.

9?

”

4°850,

Length of
wing
in inches.

Spring—
5°725,
5650,
5625,
5°475,

99

5300,

Oct. 16, /98,
Nov. 10, /98,
Oct. 16, /85,

» 2, /86,
Mar. 8, /87,
Oct. 3, /89,

[Rec’d. May
22, /92),
26, /97,
Nev. 7, /87,
Dee. 9, /90,
April 2, /91,
Oct. 16, /95,
” 6, /87,
April 6, /91,
Nov. 9, /98,
” 9, /94,
Oct. 24, /97,
Nov. 22, /97,
Oct. 19, /98,
” 28, /98,
» 6, /98,

Oct.

Date.

April 19, /89,
May 65, /96,
April 12, /90,
aa eles (90;
» 16, /95,
» 15, /88,
29 3, /91,

Autumn—

5-650,
5°600,
5°55,
5-450,
5-400,
5*350;
5°125,

Sept. 11, /96,
1, 29, /88,
Oct. (%), /84,
Nov.(?17), /97,
Oct. 30, /97,
Sept. 21, /87,
” 29, /88,

Without Date—

5°400,

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Tuskar.

Eagle Island.

Mine Head.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

Innishtrahull.

} Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Mine Head.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Arklow 8S, Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Skulmartin Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.

29 ”? Le)

Station.

Innishtrahull.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Innishtrahull.

a”
Hook Tower.
Fastnet.

Tuskar.

2)
Skelligs.
Tuskar,
Fastnet.
Tuskar.

”

Rathlin Island.

630

Species.

Accentor modularis—
HeEpDGE-SPARROW (4),

9) 9? in J
Erithacus rubecula—

REDBREAST (2), .
2? Cs

Ruticilla phenicurus—
Common ReEpsTARt (9),

39 >
Ruticilla titys—
Buack REpsTart (22),

23 9
Pratincola rubicola—
STONECHAT (22),

MIGRATION OF ee

Length of

wing

in inches.

2°700,

9)
2°675,

3050,
2°925,
Spring—
3°075,
3°050,

3°025,
2°975,

?

Date.

Mar. 13, /92,
Octo, af, /963
Sept. 12, /97,
Oct. 18, /95,

Autumn—

3°125,
3-100,
3°050,
3-000,

Auvtumn—

3°550,

3°420,
3°400,

39
3°350,
a3
3°325,
9
3°275,
3°250,
99
3°225,
a9
3200,
3°175,
Spring—

3°300,

~ 9

2°725,

Station.

Rathlin O’Birne.

Nov. 1, /91, Rockabill.
Mar. 13, /96, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
EE ee ** | Rockabill
11), /94,
April 26, /98, Innishtrahull.
» 28, /97, 29
May 5, /91, Tuskar.
45 5, /96, Innishtrahull.
Oct. 5, /87, Fastnet.
Sept. 10, /96, Tuskar.
Nov. 7, /91, Killybegs.
Sept. 7, /96, Fastnet.
Nov. Cost | Tuskar.
week) /86,
Oct’. 31, /99, Wicklow Head,
», 28, /88, Fastnet.
», 28, /95, Tuskar.
» 28, /99, Wicklow Head.}
», 930, /86, Fastnet.
oe) 19, /87, ”
,, 28, /87, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
», 29, /88, Fastnet. :
Nov.(217), /97, Tuskar.
Oct. 20, /87, Skelligs.
Noy. 10, /98, Tuskar.
Oct. 20, /87, Tearaght.
Noy. 13, /84, Fastnet.
Oct. 23, /93, Ballycotton.?
», 28, /87, Skelligs.
Nov. 2, /97, Fastnet.
», 16, /99, Skelligs,
Oct. 13, /97, a
Nov. 16, /98, Tuskar.
Mar, 16, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
», 18, /99, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Oct. 20, /87, Fastnet.

1 Shot on mainland,

Species.

Pratincola rubicola—
STONECHAT (22),

ae .
Pratineola rubetra—
Wuincuat (15),

Sazxicola enanthe—
WHEATEAR (81),

Spring—

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 631

Length of
wing Date. Station.
in inches.

2°700, Jan. 10, /92, Killybegs.
2°675, ” 10, /92, ”

a Nov. 15, /97, Mine Head.

fa Feb. 18, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
2°650, Mar. 18, /90, Kish Bank Lt.-ship.

33 Jan. 10, /92, Killybegs.
2°625, Feb. 14, /86, Mine Head.?

a Dee. 17, /90, Hook Tower.}

ee Jan. 14, /92, Innishtrahull.

ri Mar. 13, /96, Tuskar.
April 4, /96, Innishtrahull.

3 Feb. 18, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

” Mar. 1, /99, ”
2°600, Jan. 10, /92, Killybegs.
2°575, Feb. 17, /99, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

= Mar. 1, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

3? 97

3°100, May 2, /89, Arran Island, 8.
3°075, April 29, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3°050, May 4, /89, Rockabill.

3+025, { Ken un } Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.

3°000, May 9, /88, Tuskar.

ar », 11-12,/99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
2°950, ,, 12, /88, Tearaght.

BS te ai: pi } Tuskar (probably).
2°925, May 4, /89, Rockabill.
2°875, », 25, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
2°850) "5; 7, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

, * 4, /89, Rockabill.

Autumn—

3°075, Sept. 11, /96, Tuskar.
2°950, Nov. 9, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3 iN cae Sept. }- Copeland (Mew) Island.
4, /89],
Spring—
4°150, April 21, /88, Fastnet.
“a Mar. /95, Innishtrahull.
4100, April 18, /90, Rockabill.
3°975, ,, 17, /90, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
3°950, May 8, /90, Maidens.
3°925, April 6, /89, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.
” 2? 6, /89, ”? ”
” ” 6, /89, 19 ”

1 Shot on mainland,

632

Species.

Saxicola enanthe—
WHEATEAR (81),

9

MIGRATION OF Sua

Length of
wing Date.
in inches.

Spring—
3°875, April 1-7, /86,
an Mar. 28, /89,
i April 9, /91,

Ff ites” $8 9
BBO 55 O14 /91,
BEB Yo,

i eeleyat,

ss Mar. /95,
Se800mme ay) Los fats

KS April 6, /89,

o? 2? 2, /91,

99 29 4; /91,

rly) ? 12, (94,

ss Mar. 26, /92,
April 7, /94,
T7645, 6: 189,
Re Mar. 18, /90,
+ (2) Apr. 12, /90,
9 April 7, /91,
i, Mar. 26, /92,
April 5, /94,
io Mar. 30, /97,
3°750, April 6, /89,
” % 7, /89,
7 Mar. 17, /90,
i. April 24, /90,
6, /91,
12, /91,
10, /94,

99 99
9 ”
39 29
3 Mar. 27, /95,
3°725, April 4, /91,
10, /91,
$9 99 15, /96,
ee Mar. 30, /97,
3°700, April 6, /89,
9, /89,
37 se 10, /91,
4 Mar. 30, /97,
3°675, April 6, /89,
3650, ,, 28, /89,
23, /89,
18, /90,
24, /90,
a Mar. 17, /91,
* April 4, /91,
5, /91,
16, /96,

3 29

” ”?

”? ”)

” ”

Station.

Eagle Island.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Maidens.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.

Tuskar.

Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

” 9 2
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.

Hook Tower.

Rockabill.

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

32 > 3)
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

9 ”
Howth Baily.
Tuskar.
Lucifer Shoals Lt. -ship.
Arran Island, S.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

3)
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt. -ship.
Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Species.

Saxicola enanthe—
WHEATEAR (81),

” . . .
Acrocephalus phragmitis—
Srpcr WARBLER (102),

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 633

Length of
wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Spring—
3°625, April 13, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
of { [Bee'd: | April } Innishtrahbull.
10, /94],
3°600, April 10, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
= », 13, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
3°550, May 9, /88, Tuskar.

Pe April 24, /90, Rockabill.

5s », 11, /91, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

Pe » 22, /97, ArklowS. Lt.-ship.
B°525, 5. 29, /92, -Duskar:

Autumn—
4125, Sept. 14, /90, Tearaght.

is », 18, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

33 », 29, /92, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
4:000, Aug. 27, /85, Tearaght.

- », 28, /85, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
3°950, Oct. 3, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt,-ship.

is », 981, /97, Fastnet.
3°900, Sept. 28, /92, (?) Tuskar.

Bene soy 4, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

a Aug. 15, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3°800, Sept. 8, /96, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
3°775, July 29, /90, Tearaght.
3°725, Aug. 21, /97, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

ec’d. -
3-700, { a ae } Tuskar.
3°675, Aug. 9, /88, Arklow S. Lt.-sbip.

fs », 19, /89, Maidens.

3°550, ,, 22, /88, Mine Head.

Spring—
2°700, April 28, /94, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
2°675, May 11, /89, Rockabill.

a », 14, /89, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
2°625, ,, 10, /86, ‘Tuskar.

$5 », 10, /88, Mine Head.

Fe Pr 9, /88, Tuskar.

es », 20, /88, Mine Head.

4 Pe 3, /89, Tuskar.

- », 14, /89, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.

ee »» 28, /92, Maidens,
2°600, April 24, /90, Rockabill.
2°575, May 10, /86, Tuskar.

2, », 10, /86, Mine Head.

z= a5, G:5/86) 2

; at |

x » 15, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

30, /87,

9 3)

634

Species.

Acrocephalus phragmitis—
SEDGE WARBLER (102),

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

_
Length of
wing Date.
in inches,
Spring—
2°575, May 7, /89,
a 39 93 14, /89,

, », 16-17, /90,
rr April 25, /93,
2°550, May 16, /85,
, ell. * She Tes:
18, /88,
7, (89,
22, /89,
10, /90,
10, /90,
6, /91,
8, /91,
24, /92,
17, /93,
18, /93,
t,./91,
9, /88,
18, /88,
16, /90,
24, /92,
20, /98,
6, /86,
8, /90,
8, /90,
10, /90,
6, /91,
oe) ” 23, /92,
s April 28, /97,
2°475, 4, _ 20, /90,
i May 27, /93,
yar ele, (95,
24, /92,
29, /92,
Say pigiae cae,
Pe April 28, /97,
2°375, May 24, /92,
2 ' ” 17, /98,
Autumn—
2°600, Sept.
33 Aug.
se July
2575, — Sept.
» duly
2°550, Sept.
a Aug.

23, /86,
10, /88,
29, /95,
14, /91,
31, /94,
(2), /86,
10, /90,

Station.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arklow §. Lt.-ship.
Tuskar,

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Mine Head.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arran Island, S.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

” 9
Maidens,

Hook Tower.
Maidens.
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
3) bed
Tuskar.
Howth Baily.
Arran Island, N.
Mine Head.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Hook Tower.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

(?) Tuskar.

Hook Tower.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Hook Tower.

bey 9?
Innishtrahull.
Rockabill.
Howth Baily.
Killybegs.

Tuskar.

+B]
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Rockabill,
Tuskar,
Hook Tower.
Tuskar.

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 635

¥ Length of
Species, wing Date. Station.
in inches.

Acrocephalus phragmitis— Autumn—

_ Sepcr Warsier (102), . . 2°550, Aug. 10, /90, Tuskar.
” LB) fi « - - 93 ) alg /90, »”?
- <3 3 . : ; ri July 30, /95, iy
= - ; F , . 2°525, Aug. 9, /88, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Le) x) — 2 =) a 9 9 9, /88, ? ?
af * : ; : 5 Sept. 6, /89, Old Head, Kinsale.
re - : ‘ ; ? e Aug. 11, /90, Tuskar.
be) oP] | \ » | 9? ” i, /90, PP)
+ Ap = 2 4 ; ae A. 11, /90, re
35 as : ; ‘ ‘ ‘3 », 28, /92, Hook Tower.
i aw . ; , : a Sept. 11, /96, Fastnet.
ae, 3 : : , 2°500, Aug. 4, /89, Old Head, Kinsale.
39 55 , : : ; ne 5 8, /90, Tuskar.
9? > Ls B % . ” 3) 10, /90, 9?
= s ‘ f : se », 16, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
a a ; ; ; . ,», Rec’d.Oct.25, /96, Tuskar.
de 5 2-44 ‘ : ; . 2°475, Aug. 25, /86, Mine Head.
es Pe ‘ : : ‘ a », 10, /88, Tuskar.
39 9 Ls Lt - £ 93 9) 10, /88, ”
” 99 Lt 4 iW 93 9 10, /88, 9?
” ”? = - ~ - 9 bi) male /90, ”
29 7? x 4 Pi ° 2 ” ike /90, 99
5 = : ’ ‘ : a », 13, /93, Howth Baily.
ss *e ‘ : : 4 28 July 31, /94, Tuskar.
9? a? L a s I ” 9) 31, /94, ”
3 fs ‘ , : : ie Sept. 6, /94, Ae
a a : ‘ 5 . 2°450, Aug. 10, /88, 3
” 99 s L. ~; LC be] ” TH, /90, ”
oh oy , ‘ < : re Nov. 9, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3 ry ; , ‘ j i Sept. 6, /94, Tuskar.
” 93 aie? as a gt 2420, Saye 8, (88, 3
> ” * o =] a oP) Aug. ius /90, 9?
an Pi ; : : ‘ 3 July 31, /94, He
34 iF : ~ : m 25400; Oct... 6,7/87, Ap
5 Re F : : i x Aug. 9, /88, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
” oe Vs 2 ° iy, 9 ” 9, /88, 29 ”
eS 6 ; i ‘ i 55 wie tl (905. Tuskar:
” bed . 4 ~ | 33 2 it /90, a2)
9 x) = = ~ ~ 99 9? La /90, 99
29 ” < a 2 e ” 9 es /90, a)
Locusteila neevia—
GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (7), . 2°600, April 14, /98, ay
i ” » , . 2°475, »» 20, /95, ”
” ” : ° ” ” 14, /98, ”
a if y. lon 2450, Magow9, /88, © ,,
“ + : . 2°425, April 19, /90, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

636 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

\
~
Length of
Species. wing Date.
in inches.

Locustella nevia—
GRASSHOPPER WARBLER (7), * 2°400, May 4, /92,
by <OEBYD 3g: ay 5, /89,

” 39

Sylvia cinerea— Spring—

WHITETHROAT (66), . : . 2°875, April 5, /89,
5S ne : oe May 20-21, /90,
” 2 as April 29, /92,
os “A 2°850, May 11, /89,

: : . 2°825, April 14, /89,
ae : . : ne May 24, /92,
April 28, /97,
May 16, /98,

= . pans Sek 82800,» 5, 02; 88)
03 0 Spats gh NS: 1 24, /92,
9 93 99 19 16, /95,
23 39 2°775, be) iG /89,
a9 29 19 il, /89,

April 25, /95,
a May 16, /87,
2°750, 4, 10, /86,

re x5 ; ; 4
9° > -| * - 39 9? 16, /90,
re) 99 | im = ” 9 16, /93,
” ” 9 April 20, /95,
9? Ph) a9 99 28, /97,
s 2 . : . 2°725, May 10, /86,
99 9? ¥ ~ ~ 9 99 10, /90,
bP) be) ~ ~ Ie > +e) 5, /91,
99 99 ‘- od - 39 > 8, /91,

April 19, /93,

e 3 : - . x May 14, /93,
3) be) : : - 9? 9 18, /93,
2 %) ~ + + 2700, ,, 10, /86,
+B] +] : ~ x 9 9 10, /88,
” 2? 7 & = 3? 2? 18, /88,
5 6 ; : ; si L888.
99 3) be > 4 9 2? 10, /90,
re) 9? F) : ,, 99 9? 24, /92,
9? 2) 9? a9 5, /98,
> 2 >? ? 27, /98,
%» >» 2°675, 5, 10, /88,
9 > 22 23 8, /90,
59 ae . : : 5 is 8, /90,
¥ > = = ia ”? > 9, /91,
be) 2? > i ~ 29 9 23, [92,
9 ? » ~ . 9) ”? 4, /93,
x a : : 2) G25 se LO: 5/86,

20, /90,

Station.

Hook Tower.
Copeland (Mew) Island.

99
Tuskar,

Rockabill.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Rockabill.

Tuskar,

Tearaght.

Howth Baily.

Tuskar,

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Rockabill.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Mine Head.

Tuskar.

Rockabill.

Killybegs.

Tuskar.

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Barrels Rock Lt, -ship.
Howth Baily.
Maidens.

Hook Tower.
Carlingford.

Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Mine Head.

2?

Hook Tower.

Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

Maidens.

Fastnet.

Mine Head.

Arklow N, Lt.-ship.

Hook Tower.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
9? 9 ”

Innishtrahull.

Tuskar.

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 637

Length of
Species, wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Sylvia cinerea— Spring—
WuireErnmroat (66), . : . 2°625, May 21, /90, Copeland (Mew) Island.
a of : : : Py. te 9, /96, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Autumn—
a ¥ 2'925, Sept. 20,°/87, Mine Head.
5 as 2°850, ,, 19, /95, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
‘ [Ree’d. Oct.
ae by ‘ ‘ 2 278265, 25, /96], { Tuskar.
ae of : , 5 a Sept. 8, /96, Fastnet.
¥ : . . 2800, ,, 22, /88, Tuskar.
x) _ ee ioe 9 OF. Jae, ra
af rs ‘ : : A Aug. 12, /93, ‘4
| Ay - : : : “3 Sept. 25, /94, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
. » » : , . e rf 8, /96, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
: v * : . ses x5 7,/96, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
” 2 . “ ° ” 2 8, /96, ”? ”
re A : a Se ee Ota as eeey joo. LUSKar
‘ae } : : iM », 11, /88, Hook Tower.
“ - : : . 2°700, Aug. 31, /88, Tuskar.
ay ae : . : & Sept. 1, /94, a9
-f " : - : ss Sept. 8, /96, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
a a : ; . 2°675, Nov. 9, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Ra 4 ; ; : A Sept. 8, /96, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
) Fy : : : *3 Aug. 24, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
re ts : Z . 2°625, Sept. 8, /96, Fastnet.
Without date—
. a ’ ' mm 27750; [Ree 7 ad Hook Tower.

Sylvia curruca—
LeEssER WHITETHROAT (2), . 2°625, Oct. 10, /99, Innishtrahull.

cy = : ‘ G00. -.. 1, /90, Tearaght.
Sylvia hortensis—
GARDEN WARBLER (2), . . 3050, May 11-12, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
& rp ; ; . 2°775, Oct. 4, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Sylvia atricapilla—
BiackeaP (5), . P : . 2°875, Dec. 8, /96, Fastnet Buildings.
# ; , : ; . 2°850, Sept. 27, /92, Innishtrahull.
5 , ; ‘ ‘ <. Oct. 15, /95, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3 ; : , i * 2°825;" » a, 4, /86, Tearaght.
2 ‘ ‘ ‘ hy », 81, /86, Eagle Island.
Phylloscopus sibilatria—
Woop-WaARBLER (1), . - . 2°875, May 27, /90, Blackrock, Mayo.
' Phylloscopus trochilus— Spring—
WILLow WREN (73), . : . 2°850, April 18, /93, Maidens.
Be By ; ‘ . 2°825, ,, 24, /97, Hook Tower.
a at : F . 2°800, May 6, /91, Maidens.

1 No doubt killed the previous year.

bo
yg

.
;

638

Phylloscopus trochilus—
WiLLow WREN (73), .

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

>
Length of
Species. wing Date.
in inches.
Spring—
2°750, April 13, /87,

)
Ee)

09
Bis),
2°700,

a9 24, /87,
ay, 245 1905
» 14, /98,

April 23, /92,
May 22, /87,
April 17, /90,

omy HOO;
», 28, (90,
9? 20, /92,
2? 16, /96,
39 hi, #86,
» 24/96,
9) 10, /[9%,,
53. es
57 ls 3/98;
May 4, /88,
9? I /95,
April 24, /90,
ei dee
yy ala {98:
soe alld, 1.98;
swe 6. /9-

aN ey eee I
pena lbe/EBe
»» 28, /97,
May 4, /89,
April 15, /90,
May 9, /90,
Yr 5, /91,
2 8, /90,
April 29, /92,
ae) 28, /97,
” 14, /98,
May 10, /88,
” re /89,
April 19, /93,
May 5, /96,
- 5, /89,
jt FSD,
April 12, /90,
[Ree’d. May

23, /90],

May 14, /92,

April 21, /93,

[Ree’d. May
24, /93],

} Tuskar.

} Innishtrahull.

Station.

Tearaght,

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Tuskar.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

2) 9?
Rockabill.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

2? 9? 2?

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar,

23
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Carlingford.
Maidens.
Innishtrahull.
Rockabill.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Maidens.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Old Head, Kinsale,
Tuskar,
Rockabill.
Tuskar.
Mine Head.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Hook Tower.
Innishtrahull.

>
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Hook Tower.

Maidens.

-

Phylloscopus rufus—
CHIFFCHAFF (20),

Phylloscopus trochilus—
_ WILLow WREN (73), .

Length of

wing

in inches.
Spring—

2°475,

)
2?

2°450,

2?

29

2°375,
2200,

Date.

{ [Ree’d. May

28, /95},
April 14, /98,
» 14, /98,
May 4, /89,
April 12, /90,
14, /98,
pied: (98;
> 28, /92,
May 17, /94,
April 20, /95,
May 7, /97,
April 29, /92,
? 14, /98,

Autumn—

2°650,
2°625,

Aug. 25, /92,
Sept. 27, /92,

2°600, July 30, /95,

2°525,
2°500,
2°475,
2°450,
2°425,

39
2°400,

Aug. 11, /90,
syeeeliO5- (89)
Sept. 8, /96,
29 4, /97,
Aug. 11, /90,
5) ets /24;
Sept. 2, /96,

2°375, July 29, /95,

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 639

Station,

2

Tuskar.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Tuskar.

Hook Tower.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Howth Baily.
Innishtrahull.

Tuskar,

Maidens.

Arklow S. Lt,-ship.
Carlingford.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.

Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.

‘ a ,, 80, /95, Tuskar.
Spring—
2°575, April 7, /89, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
5 Mar. 24, /92, <3 3 a
2°475, April 8, /89, Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Bran, 35 4, /91, Tuskar.
” ” 5, /91, 7
+ » 10, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
99 Mar. 31, /97, 3 ” >
2°400, April 11, /89, Rockabill.
Bs 7 2/98; Toskar:
= a 3, /99, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
2°300, [Ree’d. April | Tuskar.
26, /95], J
2°275, April 3, /94, Hook Tower.
2-295, ee april } Rockabill.
24, /90],
” ra a / a ril \ Innishtrahull.
2'200, Aprili14, /98, Tuskar,
2150, 4, 14, /98, =

640 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

> :
Length of 4
Species. wing Date. Station.
: in inches.
Phyllescopus rufus— Autumn— }
CHIFFCHAFF (20), - : . 2°325, Sept. 2, /86, Mine Head.
a : : ; : "2300, 4, 23, /86; ° Dusker
MS ; : ; . 2°275, Oct. 2, /86, Rockabill.
oP : : ¢ . 2°225, Sept. 11, /96, Tuskar.
Regulus cristatus— Autumn—
GoLDEN-CRESTED WREN (50), . 2°225, Nov. 15, /90, Tearaght.
53 Pe ¥ ; . 27200, Oct. 20, /98, Skulmartin Lt.-ship.
Ae >. dy : . 2°175, Sept. 18, /98, Arklow S. Lt.-ship. ~
= * ix : é * Noy. (220), /93, Innishtrahull.
xs re iS 4 . 2°150, Oct. 80, /89, Kish Bank Lt.-ship.
» » % . : <4 Sept. 3, /93, Tuskar.
” ” ” . . ” 29 ibsy /98, Carlingford.
; 55 3 . Oct. 21, /98, Arran Island, S.
”? ” ” Bet 5 2°125, 9 if /88, Crookhaven.
> 8 5D ; ; A 5 0086;-/88, -Buskar
ae 5 3 . 3 - Sept. 26, /89, Old Head, Kinsale.
an 55 #9 ’ F . Nov. 6, /91, Hook Tower.
. . - : . % Sept. 14, /93, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
» » » . Al Bs, ,, 29, /97, Copeland (Mew) Island.
” ” 9 . . o> om) ify, /98, Wicklow Head.
h 30 ts ; : . ,, 22, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
” ” rr) : . 2°100, a 27, /97, Lucifer Shoals Lt. -ship.
” ” ry) . , ” ” 24, /98, Wicklow Head.
” ” ” . . ” Oct. 21, /90, Tearaght.
45 4 5 : : 5 », 20, /98, South Rock Lt.-ship.
3 35 5 é : *, », 21, /98, Arran Island, S.
sf < . . ,. 2°075, 4, . 2,,/94, Arklow Diaideaginm
» » » . : 33 » 21, /98, Arran Island, S§.
“ 55 a é . ‘5 Nov. 19, /98, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
. » 9» : . 2°050, Aug. 27, /88, Copeland (Mew) Island.
si fe vs . A 4 Sept. 19, /89, Arran Island, S.
» 39 ms 3 : 43 ,, 18, /98, Rockabill.
56 5 a ; : a; Oct. 23, /93, Ballycotton.
» y 9 . : ‘ 5s 8, /94, Maidens.
55 45 s , ; 33 Nov. 5, /97, Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
» 3 ss ‘ : ” » 217, /97, Tuskar.
» >, x , . 2°025, ‘Oct. 19, /90, Arklow N. Lt.-ship. j
3 ie 35 ; ‘ i Sept. 15, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
” ” » . . ” Oct. 10, /93, Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
» 9 a ; : 5 Sept. 15, /98, Carlingford.
” ” oo) ; 2°000, rr) 12, /89, Innishtrahull,
» » 7 : ‘ 9 », 29, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
99 ”” 9 ‘ ? 9) a? 13, /98, 3) 29 3)
Spring—
nt y Hs : . 2°175, Mar. 19, /93, Innishtraholl.

” ” oe) , , 2°150, ” a1, /90, Maidens,

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 641

Length of :
Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches,
Regulus cristatus— Spring—
GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN (50), . 2°150, Mar. 25, /90, Maidens.
a 8 os r . 2100, April 9, /89, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
a A. af i : PS Mar. 23, /92, Innishtrahull.
a “ os : . 2°025, April 11, /91, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
AY ma ol : ; A », 28, /91, Rockabill.
fy 4 ny : } 5 a 9, /96, Innishtrahull.
—- Troglodytes parvulus— Autumn—
| ComMon WREN (12), . : . 1°975, Oct. 16, /88, Tuskar.
. = ; : . 1950," .,,. ‘21, /98, Arran Island, 8.
. ‘ a: : : . 1:900, », 980, /97, Fastnet.
a # : : ‘ os Nov. 19, /98, Maidens.
| - ae a. : . -. 1°850, ,, 16, /85, Skelligs.
| 5, “4 ; , : = Oct. 30, /97, Fastnet.
{ 7 i, ; 4 . 1°825, Nov. 14, /84, Eagle Island.
if = r. : . 1°800, (?) Oct. 15, /89, Tearaght.
Fr is ; ‘ le itos ete a HOI, =p
. Spring—
* 5 : : . 1°925, April 4, /96, Innishtrahull.
+ fs 5 : . 1°850, May 12, /99, Maidens.
Without Date—
ie re : ; = lsn0! a /89, Blackrock, Mayo.
Parus major—
GREAT TITMOUSE (2), ‘ - 3°050, Oct. 14, /89, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
i a - ‘4 25800, «,, 16, /90, Fastnet.
Parus ceruleus—
BivuE TirMovss (1), . : . 2°500, Mar. 14, /87, Mine Head.?

Acredula caudata—
LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE (2), . 2°375, Oct. 27, /95, Innishtrahull.

” ” 2 0 ” ” 27, /95, 2
Motacilia lugubris—
PIED WAGTAIL (2), . . 3°625, Feb. 28, /87, Fastnet.?
% Aa 5 : . 93°350, Sept. 22, /87, Tuskar.
Motacilia melanope—
Grey WacralL (2), . : . 3°250, Oct. 8, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
- + ; : : -) 137005, 2 Mine Head.+

1 It may be of interest to compare the average measurement of Wrens’ wings from Irish light-
stations, ¢.¢., 1°870, with measurements of some other specimens, including the Icelandic and inter-
mediate forms, in my collection :—

Troglodytes borealis, from Reykjavik, Iceland (Received April 1893), ; ‘ 2°250
i a » Skuo, Farde (June rigs P ‘; hae Psa Ne 2-200

” ” ” : : . . 2°175

ir parvulus, ,, Ronis, Shetland (Ju une 1890), 3 ; . ; 2000

- A », Weysdale Voe, Shetland (June 1890), . : ; 2°000

” ” ” . . . 1°925

Reon: tres St Kilda, jenna 1884, : : ° e - . 1°975
sy », Fassaroe, Co. Wicklow, July 1390, ‘ : : ‘ : 1'750

2 Shot on mainland.
3 This may be the wing of a White Wagtail (J, alba).
4 Probably shot on mainland.

642 MIGRATION OF BIRDS

; Length of _
Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Motacilla ravi—
YELLOW WAGTAIL (2), ‘ . 3'325, Sept. 11, /98, Hook Tower.
<3 ve : : ; ne i). 2959/95; Luskerr
Anthus pratensis—
MeEAvow Prrir (84), . 3°375, Feb. 200r6,/90, Maidens.
si Se : : é i Nov. 6, /91, Fastnet.
a st : : . 3°350, Jan. 10, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
a5 BS ; : . 3°325, Mar. 14, /88, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
s Pe 5 : , iy Oct. 17, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
*% a : : . 3°300, Nov. 13, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
i MA 5 : ‘ 5s Oct. 22, /89, Maidens.
i ms : , . 3°250, ,, 29, /86, Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
“a = : ; : . ss 8, /87, Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
A 9 Ss [Beedetes } Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
19, /90,] «
: ‘. 3-225, Mar. 27, /90, 4, i. oe
- 53 3°200, Sept. 29, /88, Tuskar.
ie ey 53 April 19, /90, Blackrock, Mayo.
es pe os Mar. 14, /99, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
ee a; 3°175, Oct. 23, /87, Skelligs.
x 3 [Ree’d. Jan. | Hook Tower.
. 22, /91,] .
ss 45 i [Rge'd. Oct. } Tuskar.
25, /96,]
» » 3150, April 11, /89, South Rock Lt.-ship.
‘ af 3°125, Oct. 6, /85, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
es if a9 Mar. 29, /87, Tuskar.
a 55 * Feb. 27, /91, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
ee + * Mar. 12, /96, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
cf 4s 3'100, Sept. 21, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
. - 35 Nov. 9, /98, Mine Head.
* . 3°075, Mar. 6, /87, Fastnet.
*; se = Nov. 3, /97, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
. bs M5 Aa 5, /97, Fastnet.
% “3 3°025, Oct. 29, /86, e
m os April 11, /89, Rockabill.
ks - <2 Mar. 18, /91, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
A As A Jan. /95, Innishtrahull.
se im d5 Oct. 28, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
if % 3°000, Sept. 21, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
3 ad ‘5 Oct. 20, /96, Tuskar.
Anthus obscwrus—
Rock Prpit (6), . 3°625, 20, /89, Tearaght.
ie 3°600, Sept. 10, /85,
3 3 3°525, Oct. 8-14, /86, ieee Island, W.

1 Shot on mainland,

Species.

Anthus obscurus—
Rook Pirtr (6), .

Alauda arvensis—

SKYLARK (113), .

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 643

Length of :
wing Date. Station.
in inches.
3°425, Sept. 14, /86, Eagle Island, E.
3°325, Oct. 14, /86, Rathlin O’Birne.
; { [Rec’d. Jan. } Hook Wowek.
22, /91,]
4°800, (?) Oct. 28, /86, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
4°725, Feb. 21, /95, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
4°625, Oct. 15, /95, x a .
4°600, 5, 16, /89, Maidens.
re) 0 28, /89, ”
5 », 24, /90, Hook Tower.
a Feb. 10, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
» - 1 27, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
4°575, Dec. 29, /90, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
rs Feb. 4, /91, - an
», Oct. 26o0r27,/91, Hook Tower.
y Dec. 19, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
4°550, Sept. 26, /89, Maidens.
,, Mar.[12-25],/90, _,,
4°525, Feb.[14-22],/90, _,,
4°500, Oct. 18, /87, Tory Island.
s », 25, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Be Feb. 3, /97, Tuskar.
ne Oct. 19, /98, Skulmartin Lt.-ship.
4°475, Feb. 19, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
ss Oct. 29, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
4°450, Mar.[12-25], /90, Maidens.
a Oct. 23, /97, Copeland (Mew) Island.
AsAOn ty 5 7, /98, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
4°400, Nov. 20, /98, Skulmartin Lt.-ship.
4°375, Jan. 10, /93, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
5 Nov. 8, /98, Tuskar.
4°350, Oct. [8-14],/86, Eagle Island,
za Nov. 22, /92, Rockabill.
4300, ,, 14, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
ue Jan. 21, /92, South Rock Lt.-ship.
4:275, Oct. 38, /89, Maidens.
», Feb.[14-22],/90, ,,
», Oct. 260r27, /91, Hook Tower.
» Heb.200r26,/92, ,, a
4°250, Sept. 30, /89, Maidens.

2?

”?

Feb. [14-22],/90, ,,
” [14-22], /90, ”
Dec. 14, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Nov. 5, /96, Fastnet. _
», 23 /97 Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

644 MIGRATION OF BIRDS
>

Length of
Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Alauda arvensis—

SKYLARK (113), . ; : . 4°225, Mar, 23, /86, Mine Head.
; . 2 Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.
Oct. 12, /90, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
April 10, /91, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Oct. 26 0r27, /91, Hook Tower.
Dec. 13, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Jan. 17, /98, ” oe) ”

Rec'd. June - =
4:200, {t \ Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
‘ 2, /86], Fe ae
. ; F : ‘ “a Oct. 14, /87, Fastnet.
a . ‘ : - - > 026; /89>. atuskear

,, 26 or 27, /91, Hook Tower.

Sept. 23, /92, =e a

Dec. 16, /92, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Jan. 1, /94, 55 -
5 Nov. 27, /94, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
4°175, Mar. 12-25, /90, Copeland (Mew) Island.
iy satovedonlh 0O\ 08, woe, "9295 790,54 oe i a
Nov. 16, /90, Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Feb. 17, /96, ris Fa

Oct. 20, /97, Fastnet.
Dec. 24 or 25, /97, Hook Tower.

Oct. 6, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship. -
3 Nov. 9, /98, Tuskar.
A 5OMOK eb. 19, 787%, aa os
Oct. 3, /89, Maidens.
” - . < C re) ” 3, /89, 29
April 5, /91, Tuskar.

* Mar. 14, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
4°125, Oct. 19, /87, Tuskar. :
Mar. 11, /88, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Dec. 12, /90, South Rock Lt.-ship.
Mar. 26, /92, Hook Tower.
; : i \ Nov. 1, /92, Tearaght.
; ; 2 i By Oct. 29, /96, Tuskar.
4:100, ,, 28, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
,, 22, /88, Fastnet.
(? Dec.) 7, /91, Tearaght. :
g Dec. 21, /91, Copeland (Mew) Island.
4:075, Mar. 29, /87, Tuskar.
Nov. 15, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
7 . : ; 6 bs ,, 19, /98, Maidens.
4:050, Oct. 21, /87, Tuskar.
” . . . : ” ” 16, /88, ”
Nov. 17, /90, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Mar. 26, /92, Hook Tower.
Nov. 22, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

1

Species.

Alauda arvensis—
SKYLARK (113), .

Alauda brachydactyla—
SHortT-TOED LARK (1),

Alauda arborea—
Woop-Lark (1),

Plectrophenax nivalis—
Snow Bunrtine (24),

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 645

Length of
win

in inches.

4-050,
4-025,

9
3-900,
9
3875,
3850,
3°750,

3550,

3°875,

4-800 ([Ree’d. May

A!
4*500,
4475,
4400,
4°375,

4325,
4275,

4250,
4-200,

”

Date.

Oct. 4, /94,
Feb. 26, /86,
Oct. 2, /86,
» 9, /88,
April 20, /90,
Dec. 15, /90,
Sept. 25, /94,
Mar. 12, /96,
Oct. 14, /97,

Nov. 20-30,/97, Tuskar.

» 4, /98,
2 19, /98,
Dec. 10, /86,
Aug. 28, /89,
Feb. 23, /90,
Nov. 16, /91,
cnet ee
April 18, /91,
Mar. 26, /92,
OCT 99/955
Feb. 22, /97,
Jan. 21, /92,

Station.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Mine Head.

Rockabill.

Howth Baily.

Maidens.

Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

be) 2) 99

a ” 9

Maidens.

Rathlin O’Birne.

Slyne Head.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

Tuskar.

Howth Baily.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.

Noy. 20-30, /97, Tuskar.

Oct. 26, /91,
Sept. 22, /98,
Feb. (?) /95,

Oct. 11, /90,

pa nae (Se,

24, /93],

Oct. 31, /88,
Nov. 28, /98,
Oct. 4, /86,
Dec, 16,791,
” 15, /91,
Oct. 29, /92,
Mar. 27, /89,
Oct. 7, /91,
May _ 3, /87,
Oct. 11, /89,
Nov. 9, /92,
Oct. 31, /86,

Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.

Blackrock, Mayo.

Tearaght.

} Innishtrahull.

Tearaght.
Blacksod Point.
Fastnet.

Hook Tower.
Tuskar.

Slyne Head.
Hook Tower.
Tearaght.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull.
Rockabill. -

(?) Sept. 20, /89, Tearaght.

2uU

646

Species.

Plectrophenax nivalis—
Snow Buntine (24), .

”? ” s
Emberiza scheniclus—
Rrep Buntine (6),

39 29

o> 19

99 93

3° 9?
Emberiza miliaria—
Corn BuntTIne (4),

tS} a3

93 33

oY Pr]
Emberiza citrinella—
YELLOWHAMMER (6), .

9 33
Fringilla ccelebs—
CHAFFINCH (43),

”

a9

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

-
Length of
wing Date. Station.
in inches.
4:175, Dec. 15, /91, Hook Tower.
a July 25, /98, Aranmore.
4150, Jan. (?) /95, Innishtrahull.
4:125, Feb. 26, /96, Rockabill.
4075, Sept. 19, /89, Old Head, Kinsale.
4:050, April 4, /96, Innishtrahull.
49 Sept. 28, /96, Blackrock, Mayo.
s Feb. 2, /97, Rockabill.
4:000, Dec. 15, /91, Hook Tower.
3°925, April 4, /96, Innishtrahull.
Spring—
3°125, Mar. 3, /96, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
3°100, Feb. 8, /86, Mine Head.!
3'000, April 13, /97, Innishtrahull.
Autumn—
3°100, Novy. 15, /87, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
3°025, ,, 19, /98, Maidens.
3°000, ,, 19, /98, Skulmartin Lt.-ship.
3°975, April 25, /95, Tory Island.
3°850, July 1, /89, Innishtrahull.
. 8°575, Feb. 8, /86, Mine Head.
Ae EVs 9° /87, 55k ae
pring—
350, Mar. 3, (86, 3 5:
3°525, 4, 7, /98, Copeland (Mew) Island.
3-475, { Pe. ae "| Maidens,
26, /90,

3°375,
Autumn—

Mar. 28, /90,

Rec'd. Nov.
3'500, {| ee ie i

30, /87],

3'225, Nov. 23, /96,
Autumn—
3°725, Dec. 19, /97,
3'675, Oct. (%) /86,
SOOO ee auld /Obe
S520 yds: Sunde) Olg
» » 28, /91,
oF) 9 28, /91,
SHAT Dy sop. nes, 100s
”? ” 27, /91,
“9 Noy. 1, /92,
BSD 0 sh 7, /87,
ze Oct. 24, /92,
3°375, Nov. 13, /87,

1 Shot on mainland.

”

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Tearaght.

33
Rockabill.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship. i

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 647

Length of

Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Fringilla ccelebs— Autumn—
CHAFFINCH (43), i : . 8°375, Oct. 25, /90, Tearaght.
re . : ' : iv Noy. 4, /97, Coningbeg Lt,-ship.
” ‘ . $ * ” ” 5, /97, ”? ”
7 ; , . 3°3850, Oct, 22, /87, Skelligs.
. "a : f : : 2 Nov. 22, /87, Blackrock, Mayo.
: ye : ; , ; Ps Oct. 15, /89, Tearaght.
4 Pe : ‘ L : 3 Noy. 4, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt,-ship.
om ‘ : ; . 93°325, Oct. 24, /84, Tearaght,
By : j ; 5 «: », 28, /92, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
i : ’ ; . 3°300, ,, 16, /87, Mine Head.
np : : i : 5 Nov. 22, /87, Blackrock, Mayo.
ens : ; Q : 5 Oct. 15, /89, Tearaght.
= ; : ‘ , 7 », 18,/97, Fastnet.
7 : : ; ‘ », Nov. 20-30, /97, Tuskar.
75 ’ ' : . 8'275, Dec. 9, /87, Fastnet.
- : i ; : 3 Nov. 11, /94, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
i s : : : a8 Oct. 28, /97, Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
tne : ‘ : . 3'250, ,, 29, /86, Fastnet.
A : : ! a, 55 Noy. 10, /92, Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
‘ ; : ; ; 4 Oct. 27, /97, Arran Island, N.
Me F : ; : » Nov. 20-80,/97, Tuskar.
FF ’ : j : is Dec. 18, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt,-ship. -
» : “ x : ” Oct. 28, /98, ” ” ”
4 : ; : « 3°226, 4, 15, /89, Tearaght.
f, : : q : oh », 26, /89, Tuskar.
* : : ; ; Fr Nov. 17, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
e : : : 2) 83°L75;* “Oct. 16, /87, Tuskar.
53 ; ‘ ‘ j - Nov. 7, /91, Tearaght.
Spring—
a ; ; ; . 3°600, Mar. 29, /87, Tuskar.
. : - : . 3°425, May 3, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
se . . ‘ . 38°200, {ee AP") Tonishtrahull
10, /94],
Fringilla montifringilla— Autumn—
BRAMBLING (7), . : : . 3°750, Nov. 10, /87, Skelligs.
$3 : : 4 . 8°725, Oct. 20, /87, Tearaght.
. : : : . 8°600, Nov. 12, /87, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
oe F ; ; oO ee 6, /91, Fastnet.
‘5 ; : . 3°375, Dec. 28, /89, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.
pring—
as : ; : . 8°650, April (2) /95, Innishtrahull.
o ; . : . $8475, (?) April 5, /91, Tuskar.
Passer montanus—
TREE SPARROW (1), . : . 2°725,' Oct. 22, /96, 35
Passer domesticus—
Housk Sparrow (8), . : - 3°075, June 1, /89, Slyne Head.
= a F : . 2°925, Dec. 22, /95, Hook Tower.

648

Species.

Passer domesticus—
House SPARROW (8), .
Ligurinus chloris—
GREENFINCH (12),

Pr - ;
Coccothraustes vulgaris—
HAWFINCH (2), .

ey)
Carduelis elegans—-
xOLDFINCH (5), .

a9 =
Carduclis spinus—

SISKIN (14),

a3
Linota rostrata—

MEAty REDPOLE (8), .

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

~
Length of
wing Date.
in inches.
2°900, Nov. 5, /98,
orI205. oe 9, /87,
3°500, ,, 20-30, /97,
re Dec. 21, /97,
3°475, Noy. 12, /87,
i Oct. 19, /89,
53 Dec. 17, /90,
BW. toe, Bor (OB:
oie, Octaw2) [89>
Sesh By sei ickor
6 Dec. 20, /95,
3°325, Oct. 20, /87,
5 Dec. 20, /97,
A/D, weNOvs 4, (970
£07 5,0\ <3 - oA, (S%
Srl75; 5 Oct. 165/89;
3°025, Nov. 9, /97,
2°950, Feb. 2, /86,
43 Oct. 21, /98,

D875, ay 30, (97,

85000; ecia. 24: (8%,
2°975, Dec. 3, /87,
2°950, Oct. 20, /87,

Nov. 12, /87,

me Olam Ds Me
2°925, Noy..1, /97,
2°850, Oct. 18, /87,

” 2 24, /87,
2°825, ,, 30, /97,

» », 30, /97,
2°800, ,, 26, /89,
DTDs ee vases [Ods
2°650, Nov. 18, /87,
2°575, Oct. 24, /87,
3°325, Sept. 24, /92,
3275, ,, 26, /92,

” ( oe) 26, /92,
3-200, ,, 19, /89,

“ Nov. 1, /92,
S175; 9 eye lo, /9e;

1 Shot on mainland.

Station.

Codling Bank Lt. -ship.

Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Blackrock, Mayo.
Tearaght.

Hook Tower.!

Tuskar.

Tearaght. -

Rockabill.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Tuskar.
Hook Tower.

Old Head, Kinsale.
Hook Tower.

Mine Head.?

Lucifer Shoals Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Fastnet.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Skelligs.

Tuskar.

Fastnet.

Skelligs.

Fastnet.

Tuskar.

Fastnet.

Skelligs, |
Tearaght. i

Ee)
9
3
”)
2)

99

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 649

Length of :
Species. wing Date. Station,
in inches,
Linota rostraia—
Mary Reprotse (8), . ’ . 38°125, Sept. 14, /90, Tearaght.
. ” F 4 . 938°050, Jan, 3, /95, Innishtrahull.
——- Linota cannabina—
LINNET (9), : ; : . 3°200, Dec. 19, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
" ides eis 81175, . ,.nre8d, 799, - ”
a3 . ; 2 © torl50: », 12, /90, Hook Tower,
i s ’ é : ‘i Mar. 27, /92, "a ce
a F : 4 ; RA Nov. 7, /93, Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
“ : j . : Fr Dec. 18, /97, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
he 4 : F . 3'125, Oct. 26, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
o : : 3 . 8°075, Jan. 12, /94, a +f re
5 ‘ ; : . 38°050, 2 ? Mine Head,
Linota flavirostris—
TWITE (7), : 4 . 2°975, Nov. 26, /96, Rathlin O’Birne.
- : : ; . 2°950, Jan. 10, /92, Killybegs.
an 2°995, ae Innishtrahull.
*e : ‘ : . 2°900, Oct. 30, /88, Tearaght.
- Pe Nov. 26, /96, Rathlin O’Birne.
a i ectiek 98 SCRE ,, 96, JOG, % a
< (young), . : . 2°525, Sept. 1, /89, Tearaght.
Loxia curvirostra—
CROssBILL (1), (young), . see ROY Mar ase 9, /98, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Sturnus vulgaris—
STARLING (71), . i : . 5400, June 2, /86, 3 *
5 ‘ . ; . 5'325, Feb. 23, /89, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.
PF ‘ : 5 : 5:800, April 7, /91, er a?
ia 4 Sy OA SR As Abee, Se /91, v al
:. : , ; . 51275, Oct. 27, /91, Rockabill.
Ke ; . é : re » 2%, /91, Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
ne : : : : re »5 23, /97, Copeland (Mew) Island.
es : P : . 5°250, Mar. 20, /87, Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
A : F : : sf Oct. 26, /89, Tuskar.
* j ; ; ; BA » 27, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
BS ; : : ; ie », 23, /97, Mine Head.
55 : ; ? ; f », 24, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,
a ; ; ; . 5°200, Nov. 13, /89, Maidens.
¥ fh cities) Vai Dam eb. 20190, %
4, . ‘ ; : 3 Oct. 7, /98, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
s ‘ : ‘ . 5°175, Mar. 2, /86, Coningbeg Lt.-ship,
a : ; : ; 33 Oct. 16, /87, Tuskar.
nS * Sept. 28, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
e 5150, Feb. 4, /91, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
i ; ‘ 4 » 6°125, Oct. 16, /87, Tuskar.
re ‘ ; j t be Feb. 23, /90, Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
te : ‘ , ‘ se Dec. 24, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

* ; : F ‘ f » 25, /91, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.

650

Species.

Sturnus vulgaris—
STARLING (71), .

MIGRATION OF

Length of

wing

in inches.

5°125,
5°100,

. 5075,

+P)
Jan.

(2) Feb. 23, /90,

Dec.

2

Mar.

9

2)

Dec.
Oct.
Mar.

April
Jan.
Dec.
Noy.
April
Feb.
Oct.

>

Mar.
3
Nov.
Feb.
Dec.
Oct.

9?

Mar.

[?May-Noyv. ]/89,

Dec.
Feb.
Sept.
April
Oct.
Feb.
Novy.

9

”

Dec.

BIRDS
>

Date.

30, /97,
26, /91,
17, /91,
13, /92,
10, /87,
19, /89,
26, /92,
29, /97,
26, /98,

19, /90,
/91,

5, /92,

24, /92,
25, /92,
27, 192,
31, /86,
19, /87,
18, /90,
10, /91,
20, /98,
11, /85,
13, /87,
11, /91,
7, /95,

18, /98,
21, /98,
12, /99,
13, /99,
3, /92,

22, /97,
18, /97,
4, /86,

(2), /86,
29, /87,

18, /97,
20, /97,
18, /98,
19, /89,

2, /91,
16, /93,
5, /97,
21, /97,
20, /98,
5, /90,
31, /90,

Station.

Mine Head.
Hook Tower.

9 39
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Mine Head.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Maidens.
Tearaght,
Hook Tower.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.
Innishtrahull.
Fastnet.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.
Arklow 8. Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Mine Head.
Fastnet. :
Arklow N. Lt.-ship.
Samphire Island.
Dungarvan.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Rockabill.
Tuskar.

Arklow 8S. Lt.-ship.

Arran Island, N.

Codling Bank Lt. -ship.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Arran Island, S.

Blackwater Bank Lt,-ship.
3) ” 22

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Bull Rock.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Tearaght.

Species.

Sturnus vulgaris—
Srarxine (71) (young),
Pyrrhocorax graculus—
CxovaGH (2), ;

” ,
Corvus frugilegus—
Roox (3), .

”

9 _" L
Corvus monedula—
JACKDAW (2),

2 .
Hirundo rustica—
SWALLow (12), .

” L
Chelidon urbica—
Hovse-Manrtin (2),

” 99
Cotile riparia—
Sanp-MAnrtTIN (6),

2? 9

? 99
Cypselus apus—
SwirT (6), .

* é é :
Caprimulgus europeus—
NicHTJAR (1),

Cuculus canorus—
Cuckoo (11),

Ped

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

Length of
wing
in inches.

Date.

4°750, July 30, /95,

11°800, Mar.
10'125, Nov.

(?) /90,
2, /88,

12°175, July
12°100, Nov.
117505" (25

29, /89,
18, /98,
5, /90,

9°175, Dec.
9:000, 5

28, /97,
2, /90,

Spring—

5°150, May
BAD per 5;

13, /90,
25, /85,
4, /87,
5050, ,, 18, /90,

9 .? 8, /92,
5°025, April 17, /95,

5°000, a5) 285/92;
4950.) 50425, /91,
4°875, May 1, /95,

4°850, April 30, /90,

. 4°825, June 2, /91,
Autumn—
4925... Oct... 5, /87,
4°375, May 4, /89,
4°275, April 23, /91,
4°275, April 4, /99,
4200, jurmeey 199)
” », 19, /89,
4:175, May 6, /91,
42150; 908-55 9, /88,
4°050, April 26, /91,
7000, May 24, /87,
67900; may ,; 0R6s_/86;
6°850, July 2, /98,
GrE5Oj be ,,.en5%s (89;
CsbD 5s ay las O95,
6°125, Aug. 8, /89,
. 7°425, May 23, /97,
pring—

9°300, April 29, /99,
9:200, ,, 18, /93,

651
Station.

Rockabill.

Tearaght.
Slyne Head.

Innishtrahull.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Aranmore,
Tearaght.

Innishtrahull.
Tearaght.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship,
Coningbeg Lt. -ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Skelligs.

Codling Bank Lt.-ship.
Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.

Fastnet.

Rockabill.
Skelligs.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Tearaght.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.

Rockabill.

Wicklow Head.

Tuskar.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

652

Species.

Cuculus canorus—
Cuckoo (11),

a (young),

» (young),
Upupa epops—
Hooprok (1),
Tynzx torquilla—
WRYNECK (1),
Aleedo ispida—
KINGFISHER (1),
Columba enas—
Srock-Dovs (1),
Columba livia—
Rock-Dove (2), .

29 te] !

Turtur communis —
TuRTLE Dove (11),

2) te)

Perdiz cinerea—
PARTRIDGE (1), .
Coturniz communis—
QUAIL (8), .

#8 :

”? S 5
Crex pratensis—
Corn-CRAKE (8),

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

>
Length of
wing Date.
in inches.
Spring—
. 8°850, April 29, /99,

8°825, May 7, /89,
8°800, 37 20; (90;
8:500, so LO OO;
8300, April 29, /99,
8'175, », 980, /88,
. 7°900, May 8, /89,
Autumna—
8°075, Aug. 8, /95,
6°100, a 8, /98,
5675, April 12, /87,

3°600, Sept. 17, /98,

3°050, July 20, /98,

8'500, Oct. 19, /87,
9°550, Aug. 27, /89,
8°700, Dec. 14, /89,

7375, June 27, /87,
7'250, May 10, /96,
7:075, April 20, /98,
» (!)
7°025, June 12, /98,
7-000, May 19, /88,
6'950, April 3, /91,
6850, Aug. 19, /89,
6'825, Sept. 19, /93,
6°750, heer Sept.
5, [89],
6'725, May 8, /90,

6°100, Jan, 28, /87,

4:450, May 14, /93,
4°425, April 1, /92,

. 4°200, May 14, /93,

Spring—

5°950) 1", 6, /89,
Berd, Ryle a fay,

DO G2DEe ieee osy/ Oa,

29 9 (?) /85,

1 Shot on mainland,

Station.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Oyster Island.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

3) 2? a3
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Aranmore.

9

Eagle Island.

Fastnet.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Tuskar.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Hook Tower.!

Blackrock, Mayo. -
Old Head, Kinsale,
Bull Rock.

(?)
Killybegs.
Tuskar.
Tearaght.
Old Head, Kinsale.
Slyne Head.

} Fastnet.
Tuskar.

Mine Head.?

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Lucifer Shoals Lt. -ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Maidens.
Mine Head.
Rockabill.
Tuskar.

Species.

Crea pratensis—
Corn-CRAKE (8),

Porzana maruetta—

” 99
Rallus aquaticus—
WATER-RAITL (29),

3) >

Gallinula chloropus—

WATER-HEN (6),

SporreD CRAKE (2), .

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

Length of
wing Date.
in inches,
Spring—
5°500, April 19, /91,
5'375, June 16, /87,
5'325, May 19, /88,
Autumn—
5°850, Sept. 23, /86,

4°750, Oct. 25, /87,
4°350, Aug. 20, /90,
Autumn—
4:900, Nov. 19, /87,
4°875, Oct. — 4, /98,
4°850, Nov. 2, /96,
4°800, ,, 5, /91,
re Dec. 18, /97,
4°775,.. Oet. 29, /92,
4-750,' ,, . 27, /91,
i) ” 21, /98,
4°675, Nov. 12, /87,
rr », 18, /87,
» Dee. 21, /91,
4'550, Nov. 5, /88,
53 Jan. 9, /95,
4°525, Dec. 23, /91,
4'500, Nov. 14, /87,
» » | 41, /97,
BAUD wee DUS O77,
4°450, ,, 26, /94,
5 Sept, 24, /95,
4'400, Oct. 27, /86,
“3 Nov. 8, /87,
4'375, Sept. 5, /98,
4°350, Oct. 6, /87,
4°300, Nov. 8, /98,
» 2? 10, /98,
4°225, Sept. 5, /89,

Spring—

4°750, Mar, 29, /97,

4°450, April 6, /91,

4°100, yn 2931/96,
Spring—

7°075, April 10, /89,

6°725, Wee 2) (94,
Autumn—

6°825, Dec, 2, /96,

1 Shot on mainland.

653

Station.

Tearaght.
Skelligs.
Tearaght.

Tuskar.

Tearaght.
Fastnet-

Tearaght,

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

Rathlin Island.
Tuskar,

Galley Head.

Barrels Rock Lt.-ship.
Innishtrahull,

Tory Island.
Killybegs.*

Copeland (Mew) Island,
Blacksod Point.
Rathlin O’Birne.
Tuskar.

Arran Island, N.
Rockabill.

Tory Island.

Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Fastnet.

Hook Tower.
Blackrock, Mayo.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Copeland (Mew) Island.
Rathlin O’Birne.

Rockabill.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Rathlin Island.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Drogheda, N.

Mine Head.

bo
al

654

Species.

Gallinula chloropus—
WatTeER-HEN (6),
99 »”»
3? 9
Fulica atra—
Bap Coot (4), .

Aigialitis hiaticola—
RINGED PLOVER (7), .

Charadrius pluvialis —
GoLDEN PLOVER (9), .

£ 5 3
Squatarola helvetica—
GREY PLOVER (2),

2” 99
Vanellus vulgaris—
Lapwing (5),

Strepsilas tnterpres—
TURNSTONE (13),

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

Length of
wing
in inches.

Date.

Autumn—

6°525,

Aug. 23, /92,

6°475, Nov. 7, /98,
6325, Sept. 16, /88,
8125, Nov. 9, /98,
7°950, Oct. 26, /89,
7°875, Sept. 22, /87,
7°650, Nov. 24, /92,
2b ae April
25, /92],
5°300, July 28, /96,
5:275, Dec, 20, /98,
5:225, Jan. 2, /938,
33 May 17, /93,
5°175, Nov. 27, /94,
5100, April 1-7, /99,
fefio,. Heb. 4,./95,
7°600, ?Nov. 30, /88,
1°475,@ Octs,- 12, /96,
7°450, Dec, 21, /86,
ein oteelt oO:
73005" Jan. 79; /91-
as April 15, /92,
7275, ,, 25, /95,
6°600, Dec. 31, /97,
7°850, Jan. 14, /93,
7°625, Oct. 9, /93,
8°875, Oct. 17, /98,
8°850, Feb. 16, /87,
8°750, Nov. 22, /92,
8'350, Feb. 4, /95,
8-300, ene Nov.
29, /921,
Autumn—
6-250, Oct. 9, /98,
6°150, Aug. 18, /95,
6°125, Sept. 24, /92,
6'025, Oct, 25, /92,
6000, Dec. 11, /91,
BO00c, ayunsSl,. Sl,

99

Nov. 17, /86,

1 Shot.

Station.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.
Tuskar.

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Dungarvan.

Arklow S. Lt,-ship. .
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

} Rathlin O’Birne.

Blackrock, Mayo.
Aranmore.+
Drogheda, N.*
Maidens.
Samphire Island.
Rathlin O’Birne.?

Samphire Island.
Aranmore.?
Rathlin‘O’Birne,!

Mine Head,?

Maidens.

South Rock Lt.-ship.
Rathlin O’Birne.?
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Slyne Head.

Drogheda, N.?
1

” 2?

Copeland (Mew) Island.
Rockabill.

Maidens.

Samphire Island,?

\ Drogheda, N.

Drogheda, N.!
Slyne Head.
Hook Tower.
Drogheda, N.?
Hook Tower.!

9 BI
Blackrock, Mayo.

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS 655

Length of

Species. wing Date. Station.
in inches.
Strepsilas interpres— Spring—
TURNSTONE (18), ‘ . 6°225, April 7, /86, Eagle Island.
x : ‘ ; . 6125, Feb. 1, /97, St John’s Point, Down.
* : : : Sess [Rec’d. May Innishtrahull.?
24, /93),
* . . .). 58925, Mar. 10, /89, Me 1
= : ‘ . 59900, May 3, /98, Samphire Island,?
2 ; ; 5'625, June 6, /98, Tuskar.?
Phalaropus fulicarius— 2
GREY PHALAROPE (7), : . 5'250, Nov. 5, /92, Rockabill.
oe : : . 5125, Aug. 22, /92, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
by th _ 4-975, age 12 or ?Rathlin O’Birne or Killy-
22, /91, begs.?
if 4 4-925, fe 12 or ?Rathlin O’Birne or Killy-
22, /91, begs.+
- ta : ¥ : 2 Oct. 17, /98, Slyne Head.
“ : ; 4875 Oct. 12 or ?Rathlin O’Birne or Killy-
= gaP jor, begs.}
~ e . : . 4°850, Nov. 1, /89, Slyne Head.
Scolopax rusticula—
Woopcock (10), : . 7°850, Nov. 18, /85, Killybegs.
oe : ; ; . 7775, Jan. 1, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
ae : : : . 7°750, Nov. 9, /90, Maidens.
Ps : : . 7°725, Dec. 24, /91, Hook Tower.
s : : ; ae Nov. 22, /92, Maidens.
- : . : . 7°550, Oct. 26, /89, Innishtrahull.
3 s . 7°475, Nov. 11, /87, Tuskar.
< ; ; ‘ . 7450, ,, 28, /94, Samphire Island.
‘3 : : : Vode as 9, /98, Tuskar.
ss : é ‘ . (225, , 2932/88, Aranmore:
Gallinago celestis— Autumn—
Common Snir (14), . . 5°475, Nov. 9, /88, Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
ms es é : . 5°400, Jan. 18, /86, Mine Head.
2 a ; : . 5°300, Sept. 9, /88, Arklow S, Lt.-ship.
as ” P s hi 2? cP) 22, /92, 2? 29
a Pr : ‘ . 5250, Dec. 9, /90, Maidens.
a + . ; . 5°225, Nov. 30, /88, Aranmore.
3 ‘ ; ; = * Dec. 24, /91, Hook Tower.
2 - pre? S50 eet,
a * mate «nat ake } eens. Ot. Rathlin O’Birne.
12, /96],
ys ~ . F . 5150, Dec. 18, /86, Ry Yr
7 a : ; 7) 125 5fee16, /98, ‘Tuskar.
ee -. ; : . 5°050, Nov. 13-14, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Spring—
3 7 : ‘ . 5°175, May 2, /89, Arran Island, S.
os # ‘ - . 5°050, April 6, /89, Innishtrahull.

1 Shot. 2 Received without details.

656

Species.

Gallinago gallinula—
JACK SNIPE (11),

33 99 sf
Tringa alpina—
DUNLIN (24),

is (young),

2? x
Tringa striata—

PuRPLE SANDPIPER (14), -

Spring—

MIGRATION OF BIRDS
>

Length of
wing Date.
in inches.

Autumn—

4675, Sept. 28, /86,
4575, Bae Dec.

10, /92],

4°550, Oct. 2, /89,
4:475, Nov. 12, /88,
4450, ,, 11, /87,
4:400, Oct. 7, /87,
4°375, Nov. 10, /98,
4:295, Dec. 9, /99,

4°625, Mar. 28, /97,
4:425, April 12, /91,
4°150, 43, 2s 90,
Autuma—
4°875, Dec. 26, /92,
4°750, Jan. 31, /97,
4°725, Oct. 28, /86,
1» Sept. 20, /92,
Ms Nov. 24, /98,
4°650, ,, 25, /94,
4°625, enon (oO;
4°550, Sept. 9, /96,
4°500, Nov? 12, /89,
4°475, yy ly LO
” » 15, /90,
4°450, Aug. 28, /94,
4400, ,, 12,/86,
1. oF950, . Jann eso; /94,
Spring—
. 4°700,
4575,
4°525,
4500,

Mar. 11, /95,
April 8, /94,
May 25, /90,
April 18, /90,
May 11, /98,
April 19, /91,
[Rec’d. Feb.
+ 26, /93],
4450, May 381, /86,
4495, ,, 2, /99,
4375, 5, 16, /98,
Autumn—
5°375, Nov.
5-250, _,,

3
4°475,

7, /99,
1, /92,

e ,, 18-14, /93, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

5°125,
5°100,

Dec. 28, /90,
Noy. 14, /90,

2 Received without details.

} Hook Tower.

Station.

Rockabill.
} Howth Baily.

Slyne Head.
Aranmore,!
Tuskar.

Arklow N, Lt.-ship.
South Rock Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

”? 29

Tuskar,
Rockabill.
Hook Tower.
Arran Island, N.
Rockabill.
Fastnet.
Rathlin O’ Birne.?
Kish Bank Lt.-ship.
Hook Tower.

oe] 3
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.

Samphire Island.}

St John’s Point, Down.
Arklow S. Lt.-ship.
Rockabill.

Howth Baily.

Arklow N. Lt.-ship.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
Eagle Island.

Rathlin O’Birne.
Tearaght.?

Tearaght.®
Hook Tower.

3 Probably shot.

a ee ae ee ee

Species,

Tringa striata—
PuRPLE SANDPIPER (14),

Tringa canutus—
Knot (4), .

>

2?

20 , 5
Calidris arenaria—
SANDERLING (1),
Totanus hypoleucus—
CoMMON SANDPIPER (9),

3? 3?

” 99
Totanus calidris—
REDSHANK (2), .

2” a
Limosa lapponica—
BAR-TAILED GoDwIT (1),
Numenius arquata—
CuRLEW (1),
Numenius pheopus—
WHIMBREL (5), .

Sterna fluviatilis—
Common TERN (1),

1 Shot,

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

Length of
wing Date.
in inches.

Autumn—
5°100, Dec. 8, /97,
5°050, Nov. 20-30, /97,
Dec. 12, /98,
Nov. 3, /86,
Oct. 29, /92,

5000,
4975,
Spring—
5:050, May 18, /88,
5025, 5 16. (98,
4:975, Mar. 29, /87,
4°400, April 7, /86,
Spring—
6°975,
Autumn—
6'750, Jan. 12, /98,
6°425, Oct. 2, /89,
6000, _ _—i,, 2, /89,

Mar. 13, /96,

57100,
Autiumn—
4°475, July (?) 26, /88,
4:200, ,, 16, /98,
Spring—
. 4°425, May 5, /88,
4°400,. ,; 6, /88,
PSOne as 5, /92,
4300; “45,0. L605, /98,
4°275, April 23, /92,
4°175, May 17, /86,
A125. SO cn 8, /88,

Aug. 30, /94,

6°375,
6°225,

Mar. 1, /98,
Aug. 20, /89,
8000, Feb. 1, /97,
eALt750;
Spring—
» L0°250,

. 10°000,
9°550,
Autumm—
9-700, Sept. 2, /89,
9°500, 3

Mar. 24, /92,
July 26, /89,

May 23, /90,
June 5, /89,

. 10000, Oct. 6, /87,

2 Killed by cat.

657

Station,

Aranmore,
Tuskar,
Aranmore,?
Rathlin O’Birne.
Tuskar,

Fastnet.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship,
Tuskar.

Eagle Island,?

Tuskar.

Drogheda, N.?
Slyne Head.

9 ”?

Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.

Mine Head.
Coniugbeg Lt, -ship.

Mine Head.?

Tuskar.

Howth Baily.

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Arklow N, Lt.-ship.

Berehaven.2
Slyne Head.?

St John’s Point, Down.
Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
Innishtrahull,}

1

Slyne Head.}

Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Tearaght.®

Ooningbeg Lt. -ship.

3 Killed by Peregrine.

658

Species.

Sterna macrura—

Arctic TERN (2),
99 99

Sterna minuta—

LESSER TERN (1),

Larus glaucus—

GLAUCOUS GULL (4), .

9° 99

Larus leucopterus—
ICELAND GULL (8),

Rissa tridactyla—
KITTIWAKE (1), .

Puffinus anglorum—
Manx SHEARWATER (4),

Oceanodroma leucorrhoa—
FORK-TAILED PETREL (6), .

2? 2

(hatching fem
Procellaria pelagica—
SrorM PETREL (19),

1 Shot.

MIGRATION OF BIRDS

_

Length of
wing

in inches.

Date.

9-900, (2)
9°750, Oct. 9, /90,

6-750, May 14, /93,

. 18°750, Oct. 12, /96,
Nov. 3, /96,
Feb. 23, /95,
Oct. 27, /96,

s 29
. 17°500,

29

. 16°250, Oct. 3, /96,
. 16°000, April 29, /99,
. 15°500, nel, (995
»\13°750;,. Deex16, /90,
9°375, May 23, /89,
9°125,. “Geer Si,
99 23 22, /89,
9°000, ?April 25, /93,
Spring—
6°475, May 5, /96,
Autumn—
6°400, Nov. 20, /95,
6°375, Sept. 9, /92,
6225, Oct.. 28, /97,
. 6:000, Nov. 15, /87,
ale), 6'250, July 6, /88,
Autumn—
5:000, Jan. /95,
4°975, Sept. 19, /89,
4°950, Aug. 30, /90,
re) 9 11, /91,
4875, ,, 15, /90,
4°800, Nov. 17, /90,
4:775, Aug. 15, /90,
4°750, Sept. 15, /87,
a Nov. 5, /91,
” 29 6, /91,
La July 26, /98,
4°650, Aug. 20, /90,
4625, ,, 5, /85,
oa Nov. 17, /91,
=; July 26, /98,

2 Caught in trap.

Station.

Rathlin O’Birne.
Tearaght.

Hook Tower.

Rathlin O’Birne.+

ae

99 >
Blacksod Point.
Rathlin O’Birne.

Rathlin O’Birne.?
Spit Bank.?
ib

Tearaght.

Slyne Head.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.
Old Head, Kinsale.

29 Z ”

Fastnet.

Old Head, Kinsale.
Blackrock, Mayo.
Berehaven,
Blackrock, Mayo.
Tearaght.

Innishtrahull.

Tearaght.?

Rathlin O’Birne.

Skelligs.

St John’s Point, Down.
Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
St John’s Point, Down.
Tory Island.

Blackwater Bank Lt. -ship.
Tuskar.

Arran Island, N.

Rathlin Island.

Tearaght.

Hook Tower,

Arran Island, N.

ie a

MEASUREMENTS OF WINGS

659

Station.

Blacksod Point.
Hook Tower.
Coningbeg Lt.-ship.

Nov. 17, /97,
? 14, /91,
Sept. 21, /87,

May 24, /86, Eagle Island.

Dec. 27, /97, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
ine AUS AIG, Blackrock, Mayo.

May (?) /95, Tory Island.

Oct. 30, /88, Fastnet.

Dec. 8, /90, Tearaght.

Nov.. 16, /89, Slyne Head.
Dec, 25-26, /98, Berehaven.?
Aug. 27, /93, Slyne Head.?
May 3, /87, Rathlin O’Birne.!
Oct. 22, /90, Oyster Island.
», 19, /89, Maidens.

. 28, /94,
15, /88,

Drogheda, N.}
Innishtrahull.!
Mar.

18, /99, Aranmore.?

Jan, 18, /96, Inishgort.?

April 15, /91,
Nov. (2), /89,

Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.
Maidens.

Length of
Species. wing
in inches.
Procellaria pelagica— Autumn—
Srorm Prrret (19), 4°600,
” ” 4°575,
ie 4°550,
Spring—
» ” 4°825,
Oria troile—
Common GUILLEMOT (1), 7°700,
Mergulus alle—
LittLe AvK (2), 4°725,
2”? 2 4°375,
Fratercula arctica—
PUFFIN (2), 5°750;
2? (young), 5°400,
Podicipes fluviatilis—
LITTLE GREBE (2), 3°975,
” ” 3°875,
Botaurus stellaris—
BITTERN (1), . hae 250;
Anser albifrons—
WHITE-FRONTED Goost (1), 2 £57450;
Nettion crecca—
TEAL (1), . 6900,
Mareca penelope—
WIGEON (1), . 10°200,
Fuligula marila—
Scaup (2), . 8°675,
rjc - : 8°275,
Clangula glaucion—
GoLDEN-EvE (1), 7°825,
Harelda glacialis—
LONG-TAILED Duck (1), 7°625,
demia nigra—
ComMoN SCOTER (3), . 8°950,
2 ” 8 "850,
5 f 8475,

1 Shot.

April 15, /91, Blackwater Bank Lt.-ship.

2 Caught in pool.

660 MIGRATION OF BIRDS
—_

TABLE SHOWING THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF WING, AND THE
RELATIVE AMOUNT OF VARIATION, IN THIRTY-FIVE SPECIES OF
BIRDS OBTAINED AT IRISH LIGHT STATIONS.

Number | Average | Difference Percentage
of wings | length | Longest, | Shortest. | between of
measured.) in inches. extremes. | variation.
Muscicapa grisola, . 3 14 B33 3°425 3°200 0:225 7
Turdus viscworus, . 2 ue) 6°03 6°200 5°850 0°350 6
», musicus, . ; 94 4°60 4°775 4°300 0°475 10
>, tliacus, : ‘ 53 4°60 4°825 4°350 0°475 10
a4 SHOUTS, : 38 5°75 6°125 5425 0°700 12
> merula, . ; 120 4°97 5°550 4°725 0°825 16°5
», torgquatus, . fy 15 5°46 5°725 5°125 0°600 11
Ruticilla titys, : ' 22 3:32 3°550 3°175 0°375 115
Pratincola rubicola, ; 17 2°64 2725 2°575 0°150 5:5
5 rubetra, : 15 2:98 3°100 2°850 0°250 8°5
Saxicola ananthe, . : 81 3°78 4°150 3°525 0°625 16°5
Acrocephalus phragmitis, 102 Abi 2°700 2°375 0°325 13
Sylvia cinerea, : : 66 2°75 2°925 2°625 |, 0°300 Ait
Phylloscopus trochilus, . 73 2°57 2°850 2200 0°650 25
* rufus, « ; 20 2°35 | “2575 2°150 0-425 |. 18
Regulus cristatus, . ? 46 2°10 2°225 2000 0°225 9'5
Troglodytes parvulus, . 12 1°87 1:975 1:775 | 0:200 ll
Anthus pratensis, . : 34 SDV 3°375 3°000 0°375 AZ
Alauda arvensis, . . 113 4°20 4°800 3°750 1°050 25
Plectrophenax wivalis, . 24 4:24 4°800 3°925 0°875 20°5
Fringilla celebs, . ‘ 43 3°35 3°725 3°175 0°550 16
Ligurinus chloris, . : 12 3°43 3°525 3°325 | 0°200 6
Carduelis spinus, . : 14 2°85 3°000 2:575 | 0°425 15
Sturnus vulgaris, . F 70 5:08 5°400 4°825 | 0°575 Dies
Hirundo rustica, . : We 5°00 5*150 4°825 | 0°325 6°5
Cuculus canorus, . : 10 8 60 9:300 7°900 1°400 16
Turtur communis, . : 11 6°99 7°375 6°725 | 0°650 9
Rallus aquaticus, . . 29 4°56 4900 4-100 0°800 17°5
Strepsilas interpres, . 13 6°02 6°250 5625 0°625 10
Scolopax rusticula, . : 10 7°59 *) 7:850 225; 0°625 8
Gallinago celestis, . ‘ 14 522 5°475 5050 0°425 8
5 gallinula, : 11 4°45 4675 47150 | 0°525 11°5
Tringa alpina, . . 24 4°54 | 4875 | 3°950 | 0°925 20°5
3 > Swriata, .. ‘ 14 5°05 5375 4°400 | 0°975 19
Procellaria pelagica, : 19 4°75 5000 4°550 0°450 9°5

Every species of which ten or more wings were available for measurement is
included in above Table.

INDEX.

Roman Numerals refer to Preliminary Matter.

Arabie se

bed 3)

Accentor modularis, 38, 18, 76, 146,
274, 345, 598, 462, 507, 561, 630.
Accipiter nisus, 4, 274, 339, 390, 456, 503,

5

49.
Acredula caudata, 94, 466, 641.
Acrocephalus nevius, 67, 21, 80, 149,
287, 464, 635.

3 phragmitis, 60, 20, 79,
148, 219, 186, 347, 402, 463, 509,
564, 633, 660.

scheenobenus, 60, 20, 79,

” 148, 219, 286, 347, 402, 463, "509,
564, 633, 660.

Aigialitis hiaticola, 195, 42, 104, 176,

242, 310, 367, 429, 481, 526, 600,

654.
Alauda arborea, 110, 645.
arvensis, 102, 214, 24, 85, 155,
"204, 292, 352, 408, 467, 512, 570,
643, 660.
" eo brachydactyla, 72, 110, 159,
Alca torda, 243, 51, 116, 188, 256, 324,
376, 441, 490, 533, 611.
Alcedo ispida, 180, 240, 308, 652.
Ampelis garrulus, 94, 330.
Analysis, Part Il., 263.
Anas boscas, 259, a7,
», strepera, 259.
Anser albifrons, 253, 659.
», brachyrhynchus, 255.
3» cinereus, 255.
» segetum, 255.
Anthus obscurus, ae 85, 155, 224, 291,
352, 408, 467, 6
"pratensis, 0, 24, 84, 154, 223,
201, 351, 407, 467, 512, 569, 642,
0.
Aquila chrysaétus, 1.
Ardea cinerea, 252, 54, 121, 192, 260,
327, 379, 445, 493, 536, 615.
Asio aecipttrinus, 5.
9, otus,
Auk, tittle’ oe 189, 491, 534, 659.

Bald Coot, 195, 41, 104, 310, 654.
Barn Owl, 7, 276, 456.
Barnacle Goose, 255, 274.
Barred Warbler, 73, 278, 510.
Bats, 284, 123, 265, 331, 449, 538.
Bean Goose, 255.
Bernicla brenta, 255, 327, 494.

3, leucopsis, 255,

italicised to ‘‘ Analysis,” Parts I. and II.
unitalicised to the ‘‘ Reports.”

Bewick’s Swan, 257.

Birds not identified, 57, 1238, 195, 263,
330, 381, 448, 96, 538, 617.

Bittern, 253, 379,

Blackbird, XXV, Pd "02, @71, 277, 278,
280, 281, 15, 73, 142, 213, 281, 343,
396, 460, 506, 557, 626, 660,

—— 2, 282, 80, '220, 288, 464, 510,

Black k Guillemot, 245, 50, 257, 324, 376,

fae headed Gull, 228, 252.
Black Redstart, XXV, 4, 184, 273, 19, 76,
217, 346, 462, 508, 562, 630, 660,
Blue Titmouse, 98, 6,
Botaurus stellaris, 253, 379, 659.
Brambling, xxv, 124, 131, 132, 273, 280,
oe 90, 161, 229, 415, 473, 517, 580,
Brent Goose, 255, 327, 494.
Buffon’s Skua, 237.
Bullfinch, 139, on re: 31, 93, 164,
300, 359, 474, 5
Bunting, Com, “oD, * 06, 88, 159, 228,
296, 471,
- Ladland, 116, 278, 279.
55 Reed, 116, 276, 515, 576, 646.
Pe Snow, XXV, 111, 192, 273, 280,
27, 87, 159, 227, 295, 354, 412, 471,
514, 575, 645, 660.
Yellow, 117, 28, 89, 159, 228,
” 996, 355, 413, 471, 515, 576, 646,

Calcarius lapponicus, 116,

Cakidris arenaria, 216, 435, 657.

Caprimulgus ee, 175, 39, 240, 365,
427, 525, 596, 6

Carduelis elegans, 129, 91, 162, 230, 298,
357, 416, 473, 518, 582, 648.

spinus, 131, 91, 230, 298, 582,
” 648, 660.

Certhia familiaris, 92 92.

Chaffinch, xxv, 119, 135, 139, 272, 277,
278, 281, 28, 89, 160, 228, 296, 357,
413, 471, 515, 576, 646, 660.

Charadrius pluvialis, 196, 42, 105, 176,
red 310, 367, 429, 482, 526, 600,

Chelidon urbica, 169, 38, 101, 173, 289,
364, 480, 524, 596, 651.

Chiffchaff, xxv, 61, 80, 279, 22, 81, 152,
221, 289, 404, 465, ’511, 566, ’639, 660.

Chionis ‘alba, 203; 314.

2Y¥

662 INDEX

Chough, 18, 276, 35, 96, 169, 235, 304,
361, 4 21, 477, 522, 651.

Cinclus ae 12, ‘68.

Clangula glaueion, 260, 659.

Coal Titmouse, 94, 276.

Coccothraustes chloris, 127, 29, 91, 162,
29, 298, 357, 416, 472, 517, 581,

648, 660
vulgaris, 127, 161, 580, 648.
Coccystes glandarius, 180, 597.
Columba livia, 182, 102, 240, 652.
ap conus, 182, 652.
» palumbus, 182, 597.

Colymbus glacialis, 247, 52, 118, 190,

257, 325, 377, 443, 491, 534, 612
an septentrionalis, 247.
Contents, ix.
Coot, Bald, 195, 276,41, 104, 310, 654.
Coracias garrulus, 180, 330

Cormorant, Common, 249, 276 52, 118,

’
190, 258, 325, 378, 443, 492, 535, 613.
A Gr reen, 249, 52, 118, 190, 258,
325, 378, 448, 535, 613.
Corn Bunting, 117, 276, 88, 159, 228,
296, 471, 646.

Corn- Crake, xxv, 186, 279, 41, 103, 176,

241, 309, 366, 428, 526, 599, 652.
Corvus ae 149, 35, ue, 169, "235, 304,
1, 421, 477, 522, 5
5 corniz, 150, 36, ir, 169, 235, 304,
362, 421, 477, 522, 5
Ap fr ugilegus, 151, 36, 98, 169, 236,
305, 362, 422, 477, "522, 591, 651.

is monedula, 158, 37, 99, 171, 237,

305, 362, 423, 478, 523, 592, 651.

Cotile riparia, 162, 170, 38, 101, 173, 239,
596, 651

Coturnix communis, 185, 309, 366, 652.

Crake, Corn-, xxv, 186, 279, 41, 103, 176,

241, 3809, 866, 428, 526, 599, 652.
36 Spotted, 190, 282, 481, 653.
Creeper, Tree-, 92, a76.

Crex pratensis, 186, 41, 103, 176, 241,

809, 366, 428, 526, 599, 652.
Crossbill, 240, 278, 649.

55 Two-barred, 275.
Crow, Carrion, 275.

» Hooded, 150, 276, 278, 36, 97, 304,

362, 421, 477, 522, 590.

Cuckoo, xxv, 776, 39, 101, 174, 240, 308,

365, 427, 480, 525, 596, 651, 660.
% Great Spotted, 750, 279, 597.
Cuculus canorus, 176, 39, 101, 174, 240,

308, 365, 427, 480, 525, 596, 651, 660.

Curlew, Common, 219, 250, 46, 110, 182,
248, 318, 372, 435, 485, 529, 605, 657.
», Stone, 295, 367.
Curlew-Sandpiper, 215, 277
Cygnus Bewicki, 257.
» . musicus, 257.
53>... olor, 259.
Cymochorea leucorrhoa, 240, 50, 115, 187,
823, 489, 533, 610, 658.
Cypselus apus, 172, 39, 101, 174, 240,
308, 365, 426, 480, 525, 596, 651.

Dabchick, 248, 118, 659.
Dafila acuta, 259.
Dendrocopus major, 181.
Diagram, 76.

Dipper, 12, 276, 68.
Distances, Table of, xxii.
Diver, Great Northern, 247, 52, 118, 190,
257, 825, 377, 443, yo 034, 612.
5 Red- throated, 247, BY
** Dotterel,” 481.
Dove, Ring-, 182, 597.
5 Rock-, 182, 276, 102, 240, 652.
4 Stock-, 182, 652,
5 Turtle, xxv, 153, 279, aa 102, 174,
241, 365, "525, ‘597, "652
Duck, Common Sheld-, 255, 495.
», Hider, 261, 195, 448.
», Golden-eye, 260, 659.
», Long-tailed, 260, 537, 659.
», Pintail, 259, 277.
5, Pochard, 277.
5, Scaup, 260, 55, 447, 495, 659.
_») Shoveller, 259.
» Lufted, 260, 277.
Wild, 259 , 7.
“ Ducks,” 56, 122, 194, 262, 329, 380, 447,
495, 538, 616.
Dunlin, xxv, 213, 272, 280, 108, 180, 247,
316, 376, 434, 485, 529, 603, 656, 660.

Eagle, Golden, 7.
White- iniled or Sea, 7,
“« Racle,” 66, 133,
Hider Duck, 961, 05, "448,
Emberiza citrinella, il7, 28, 89, 159, 228,
296, 355, 413, 471, 515, 576, 646.
miliari ta, ig 88, 159, 228, 296,
471, 646.
scheniclus, 116, 515, 576, 646.
Erithacus rubecula, 38. 18, 76, 146, 216,
284, 345, 399, 462 , 507, 561, 630.

Faico cesalon, 3, 274, 339, 456, 621.
3 eandicans, 1, 133, 204.
» peregrinus, 2, 66, 1338, 204, 274,
339, 390, 503, 549, 621.
», subbuteo; 3, 133.
5 tinnuncuus 3, ve 133, 204, 274,
809, 390, 5 , 621,
Falcon, ‘Geese 1, 274, 133, 204.
» Peregrine, 2, 66, 133, 204, 274,
339, 390, 503, 549, 621.
Fieldfare, 26, 271, 277, 280, 14, 72, 141,
ae 280, 343, 396, "459, ’506, 556, 625,
60

Finch, Mountain, 724, 29, 90, 161, 229,
415, 472, 517, 580, 647.
Fire-Crest, 90.
Flycatcher, Pied, xxv, 10, o, 181, 273,
278, 282, 9, 135, 503, 622
As Red - breasted, 10, 72, 278,
279, 8, 68, 185, 391, 622,
- Spo tted, XXV, é, 279, 282,
135, 340, "156, 550, 621, 660,

“ Plycatchers,” 207, 391, 504,
Fratercula arctica, 24 6, 51, 117, 190, 257,
325, 377, 442, "491, "534, 612, 659.
Fringilia celebs, 119, 135, 139, 28, 89,
160, 228, 296, 357, 413, 471, 515

576, 646, 660.

.3 montifr ingilla, 124, 131, 132,
29, 90, 161, 229, 415, 472, 517, 580,
647.

| Fulica atra, 195, 41, 104, 310, 654,

INDEX

Fuligula cristata, 260.
» sermna, 260.
a marila, 260, 55, 447, 495, 659.

Gadwall, 259.

Gallinago ceelestis, 209, 213, 44, 107, 180,
246, 315, 370, 433, 484, 528, 603,
655, 660.

gallinula, 212, 44, 107, 180,
266, 316, 370, 483, 528, 603, 656,
60.

Gallinula gage 193, = 104, 242,
310, 429, 481, 526, 60 0, 6

Gannet, 249, 53, 119, 191, "959, '326, 378,
444, 492 535, 6

Garden- Warbler, ”8. 637.

Garrulus glandarius, 161.

“*Geese,” 55, 121, 193, 261, 327, 379, 445,
494, 536, 615.

General’ Observations, 123, 196, 264, 330,
382, 448, 496, 5 8, 618.

Glaucous Guil, 230, “oh, 374, 487, 531, 658.

Goatsucker, LS, 39, 240, 365, "427, 525,
596, 651.

Godwit, Bar-tailed, 278, 604, 657.

Gold-Crest, xxv, 83, 271, 277, 22, 81, 152,

_ 221, 289, 349, 404, 465, 511, 566,
640, 660.
Golden Eagle, 7.
ee Oriole, »27.
Plover, 196, 42, 105, 176, 243,
310, 367, 429, 482, 526, 600, 654.

Golden- crested Wren, ” 83, 971, OY, 278,
22, 81, 152, 221, 289, 349, 404, 465,
511, 566, 640, sap

Golden-Eye, 260, 659

Goldfinch, 129, ‘91, 162 2, 230, 298, 357,
416, 473, 518, 582, 648.

Goose, Barnacle, ‘255, 274.

» Bean, 255, 277.

», Brent, 255, 327, 494.

» Grey-leg, 255, 277.

», Pink-footed, 253.

», White-fronted, 253, 659.

Grasshopper-Warbler, xxv, 67, 21, 80,
149, 287, 464, 635.

Great-crested Grebe, 248, 277.

», Grey Shrike, 278.
» Northern Diver, 247, 277, 52, 118,
190, 257, 325, 377, 443, 491, 534, 612.
» Spotted Woodpecker, 282.
» Titmouse, 93, 276, 83, 641.
Grebe, Eared, 248, 378.
», Great-crested, 248, 277.
», Little, 248, 118, eo.
» sclavonian, 248, 49

Green Plover, 199, 42, 108. 177, 243, 311,
368, 430, 482, 527, 600, 654,

Greenfinch, XXV, 197, O79,” 278, 280, 29,
91, 162, 229, 298, 357, 416, 472, 517,
581, 648, 660.

Greenland Falcon, 7, 274, 133, 204.

a Redpoll, 133, 92, 162, 298,
357, 648. (See Mealy Redpoll.)

Greenshank, 218, 277.

Grey Phalarope, 203, 285, 107, 246, 315,
369, 528, 602, 655.

* Plover, 199, 42, 367, 654.

2

hrike, 8,
», Wagtail, 98, 153, 641.

663

Grey-leg Goose, 258.
Grouse, Red, 185, 276, 176, 428, 599.
6. Pallas’s Sand-, 185, 40.
Guillemot, Black, 245, 50, "257, 324, 376,
612.

5 Common, 243, 51, 116, 188,
256, 324, 376, 441, 490, 533, 611,
659.

Gull, Black- headed, 228, 252.
», Common, 228° 487,
* jElancous, 230, 274, 374, 487, 531,

58,

» Great Black-backed, 230,

» Herring, 228.

» Iceland, 230, 274, 252, 531, 658.

» NKittiwake, 234, 185, 658.

»,» Lesser Black-backed, 229.
Sabine’s, 228.

“Gulls, ” 48, we, 185, 252, 321, 374, 438,
487, 531,

Heumatopus ostralequs, 202, 48, 106, 179,
245, 313, 369, 4382, 484, 528, 602.

Haliaétus albicilla, 1.

Harelda glacialis, 260, 537, 659.

Hawfinch, 127, 161, 580, 648.

Hawk, Sparrow-, 4, 276, 274, 339, 390,
456, 503, 549..

‘‘Hawks,” 7, 66, 134, 205, 275, 339, 391,
456, 503, 549.

Hedge-Sparrow, 38, 276, 18, 76, 146, 274,
345, 398, 462, 507, 561, 630.

Hen-Harrier, 276,

Heron, 252, 276, 282, 54, 121, 192, 260,
327, 379, 445, 493, 5386, 615.

Herring-Gull, 228.

Hirundo rustica, 161, 169, 37, 99, 172,
237, 306, 363, 423, 478, 523, 593,
651, 660.

Hobby, "3, 133,

Hooded Crow, 150, 276, 36, 97, 304, 362,
421, 477, 522, 590,

Hoopoe. 180, 39, 652.

House-Martin, 169, 388, 101, 173, 289,
364, 480, 524, 596, 651.

House- Sparrow, 126, 6, 90, 230, 297,
357, 415, 472, 517, 580, 647.

» Iceland Gull, 230, 274, 252, 531, 658.

|

Icterine Warbler, 278,
Insects, 284.
Tijnx torquilla, 181, 308, 525, 652.

Jackdaw, 158, 37, 99, 171, 237, 305, 362,
423, 478, 523, 592, 651.

Jack Snipe, xxv, 212, 272, 44, 107, 180,
246, 316, 370, 433, 528, 603, 656, 660.

Jay, 161, 276, 278.

Kestrel, 3, 66, 1338, 204, 274, 339, 390,
503, 549, 621.

Kingfisher, 780, 276, 240, 308, 652.

Kittiwake, 234, 185, 658.

Knot, 216, 45, 108, 371, 435, 485, 529,
657.

Lagopus scoticus, 185, 176, 428, 599.
Land-Rail, 186, 41, 103, 176, 241, 309,
366, 428, 526, 599, 652.

| Lantus collurio, 8.

664

Lanius major, 8.
pomeranus, 8, 340, 621.
Lapwing, 199, 280, 281, 43, 105, 177, 243,
311, 368, "430, "482 , 597, 600, 654.
Lark, Short: -toed, 72, 110, 278, "979, 159,

Sky-, xxv, sae hae 271, 24, 85,
155, 224, 292, , 408, 467, 512,
570, 643, 660.”

> Wood., 110, 278, 645.

Larus argentatus, 228.

canus, 228, 487.
Suscus, 229.

glaucus, 230, 374, 487, 531, 658.
leucopterus, 230, 252, 531, 658.
marinus, 230.
ridibundus, 228, 252.

Lights, List of Trish, xi.

Ligurinus chloris, 127, 29, 91, 162, 229,
298, 357, 416, 472, 517, 581, 648, 660.

Limosa lapponicd, 218, 604, 657.

ry ae te 135, 272, 276, 298, 417, 583,

6
‘‘Linnets,” 29, 92, 162, 230, 358, 473, 518.
LTinota cannabina, 135, 298, 417, 583, 649.
flavirostris, 137, 31, 93, 300, 418,
519, 649.
clinaria, 133, 92, 162, 298, 357,

<rostrata, 133, 92, 162, 298, 357,

» Tufescens, 134.
List of Irish Lights, xi.
Locust, 284.
Locustella atin) 67, 21, 80, 149, 287,
64, 635.

Long-tailed Titmouse, men 276, 466, 641.
Loxia curvirostra, 140, 6

Magpie, 159, 276, 278, 37, 99, 172, 237,
306, 363, 478, 523, 593.
Mallard, 259,

Manx Shearwater, 237, 49, 115, 187, 254,
328, 375, 440, 489, 582, 609, 658.
ea li, 9, 23, 4, d1, 64, S86, 132, 137,

6, 267,

?

Mareca ‘penelope, 260, 122.

Martin, House-, 169, 279, 38, 101, 173,

239, 364, 480, 524, 596, 651.

Purple, 278,

a Sand-, 262, 170, 279, 38, 101,
173, 239, 596, 651.

Meadow Pipit, XXV, 99, 271, 278, 24, 84,
154, 223, 291, 351, 407, 467, 512,
569, 642, 660.

M egalestri is cata rhactes, 236.

Merganser, Red- breasted, 262, 262.

Mergulus alle, 245, 189, 491, 534, 659.

Mergus serrator, 262, 262.

Merlin, 3, 274, 339, 456, 621.

Migration Routes, 266, 269.

Missel-Thrush, XXV, 12, 278, 9, 68, 135,
207, 276, 340, 457, 622. 660.

Moor-Hen, 198, 41, 104, 242, 310, 429,
481, 526, 600, 653.

Motacitla alba, 98.

Slava, 99.

lugubris, 95, 290, 641.

melanope, 98, 153, 641.

7att, 99, 126, 350, 466, 642.

”

x?
39

9

”)

3

”

INDEX

Moth, Death’s Head, 285.
Mountain Finch, 124, 29, 90, 161, 229,
415, 472, 517, 580, 6 647,
Movements, Return, ah.
Muscicapa atricapilla, 10, 75, 181, 9, 135,
503, 622.
A grisola, 8, 8, 68, 135, 340,
456, 550, 621, 66 60.
parva, LOT, 8, (68; 135,
391, 622.

Nettion crecca, 259, 194, 495, 659.
Nightjar, 275, "079, ’39, 240, 365, 427, 525,
596, 651.
Numenius arquata, 219, 46, 110, 182,
248, 318, 372, 435, 485, 529, 605, 657.
% pheop us, 221, 47, ‘111, 183,
ro 330, 313, "437, "487, 530, 606,
657

Nyctea scandiaca, 4, 8, 276.

”

Oceanites oceanicus, 205.

Oceanodroma leucorrhou, 240, 50, 115,
187, 323, 489, 533, 610, 658.

Gdemia nigra, 261, 56, 122, 262, 537,
659.

- perspicillata, 262, 56.
Gidicnemus scolopax, 195, ’367.
Oriole, Golden, 77, 278.
Oriolus galbula, i.
Ortolan, 278.
Ouzel, Ring-, xxv, 39, 17, 75, 145, 216,
284, 461, 507, "561, 629, 660.
0 Water-, 22, 68.
Owl, Barn, 7, a6, 456.
Long- eared, 5, 621,
Short-eared, 5.
Snowy, 4, 274, 8, 276.
3) Lawny,
“Owls, ” 135, 206, 276, 456.
Oyster- ‘Catcher, 202, a7, 43, 106, 179,
245, 313, 369, 432, 484, 528, 602.

Pallas’s Sand-Grouse, 785, 40.
Partridge, 185, 276, 176, 599, 652.
Parus ater, 94.

», ceruleus, 93, 641.

» major, 93, 83, 641.

Passer domesticus, 126, 90, 230, 297, 357,

415, 472, 517, 580, 647.

»»_, montanus, 126, 517, 647.
Perdiz cinerea, 185, 176, 599, 652.
Peregrine Falcon, 2, 66, 133, 204, 274,

339, 390, 503, 549, 6:

Petrel, Fork- tailed, 2p, "50, 115, 187,
323, 489, 533, 610, 658.

Storm, XXV, 240, 50, 116, 187,
255, 323, 376, 441, 489, 533, 610,
658, 660.

5 Wilson’s, 205.
Phalacrocorax carbo, 249, 52, 118, 190,
258, 325, 378, 443, 492, 535, 613.
+) graculus, 249, 52, 118,
190, 258, 325, 378, 448, 535, 613.
Phalarope, Grey, 203, 288, 107, "246, 315,

369, 528, 602, 650.

Red- necked, 205.
Phalaropus Julicarius, 203, 107, 246,
315, 369, 528, 602, 655.

hy yperboreus, 205.

7)

?

INDEX

Pheasant, 276.

Phylloscopus rufus, 61, 80, 22, 81, 152,
221, 289, 404, 465, 511, 566, 639,
660.

3 sibilatriz, 76, 151, 637.
A superciliosus, 72, 83, 150.
trochilus, 61, 77, 214, 22,
” 80, 151, 220, 288, 348, "403, 464, 510,
565, 637, 660.

Pica rustica, 159, 37, 99, 172, 237, 306,
363, 478, 523, 593.

Pied Wagtail, 95, 290, 641.

**Pigeons,” 182, "40, 103, 174, 241, 309,
366, 497, 481, 55, 598.

Pintail, 259.

Pipit, Meadow, xxv, 99, 271, 250, 281,
24, 84, 154, 223, 291, 351, 407, 467,
512, 569, 642, 660.

» _ Rock, 102, 276, 85, 155, 224, 291,
352, 408, 467, 642.

Plectrophenax nivalis, 111, 192, 27, 87,
159, 227, 295, 354, 412, 471, 514,
575, 645, 660.

Plover, Golden, 196, 42, 105, 176, 243,
310, 367, 429, 482, 526, 600, 654.

Ae Green, 199, 42, 105, 7, 243,
311, 368, 430, 482 , 527, 600, 654.

- Grey, 199, 42, , 367, 654.

3 Ringed, 195, ‘42, 104, 176, 242,
310, 367, 429, 481, 526, 600, 654.

Pochard, 260, a7,

Podicipes auritus, 248, 492.
rf cristatus, 248.

» fluviatilis, 248, ce 659.
ap nigricollis, 248, 3

Porzana maruetta, 190, 481, 653.

Pratincola rubetra, 50, 126, 19, 77, 147,
218, 285, 346, 463, 508, 563, 631,

660.
vubicola, 49, 147, 217, 285,
”” 346, 462, 508, 562, 630, 660.
Procellaria pelagicer, 240, 50, 116, 187,

255, 323, 376, 441, 489, 533, 610,

658, 660.

Puffin, 246, 51, 117, 190, 257, 325, 377,
442, 491, 534, 612, 659.

Puffinus anglorum, 237, 49, 115, 187,

254, 323, 375, 440, 489, 532, 609,

658.
gravis, 237,
Pyrrhocorax graculus, 148, 35, 96, 169,
234, 304, 361, 421, 477, 522, 651.
Pyrrhula europea, 139, 31, 93.

Quail, 785, 309, 366, 652.
Querquedula crecca, 259, 194, 495, 659.

Rail, Land-, 186, 41, eh 176, 241, 309,
366, 428, 526, 599, 652
E Water-, XXV, 190, 273, 41, 104, 176,

mn 309, 366, 429, 481, 526, 599, 653,

Raillus aquaticus, 190, 41, 104, 176, 242,
309, 366, 429, 481, 526, 599, 653,

660.

Raven, 149, 35, 97, 169, 235, 304, 361,
5

421, 477, 522, 5
Razorbill,
376, 441, 490, 533, 611.

Recipe for Preserving Legs and Wings, 289.

243, 51, 116, 188, 256, 324,

665

Redbreast, 38, 18, 76, 146, 216, 284, 345,
899, 462, 507, 561, 630.

Red Grouse, 185, 276, 176, 428, 599.

Redpoll, Lesser, 134, 276, 278.
+t Mealy, xxv, 133, 73, 278, 279,
92, 162, 298, 357, 648.

Redshank, 278, 46, 109, 182, 248, 318,
376, 657.

Redstart, Black, xxv,- 45, 184, 273, 280,
19, 76, 217, 346, 462, 508, 562, 630,

660.

+ Common, xxv, 37, 42, 279, 282,
18, 76, 146, 217, 399, 462, 507, 562,
630,

Redwing, xxv, 21, 271, 277, 280, 13, 71,
140, 211, 279, 342, 395, 459, 505,
555, 624, 660.

Reed-Bunting, 716, 276, 515, 576, 646.

Regulus cristatus, 83, 22, 81, 152, 221,
289, 349, 404, 465, 511, 566, 640, 660.

ss ignicapillus, 90,

Return Movements, 274

Ring-Dove, 782, 597.

Ring-Ouzel, xxv, 35, 279, 282, 17, 75,
145, 216, 284, 461, 507, 561, 629,
660

Rissa tridactyla, 234, 185, 658.

Robin, 38, 276, 18, 76, 146, 216, 284, 345,
399, 462, 507, 561, 630.

Rock-Dove, 182, 276, 102, 240, 652.

Rock-Pipit, 102, 276, 85, 155, 224, 291,
352, 408, 467, 642.

Roller, 780, 330.

Rook, 151, 278, 281, 282, 36, 98, 169,
236, 305, 362, 422, 477, 522, 591, 651.

Rotche, 245, 189, 491, 534, 659.

' Routes, Migration, 266, 269.

Ruticilla phenicurus, 37, 42, 18, 76, 146,
217, 399, 462, 507, 562, 630.
3 titys, hb, “1 19, 78, 217, 346,
462, 508, 562, 630, 6

Sabine’s Gull, 228.
Sanderling, 2/6, 435, 657.
Sand-Grouse, Pallas’s, 785, 40.
‘‘Sand Larks,” 45, 109, 181, 247, 317,
371, 435, 486, 529, 603.
Sand-Martin, 762, 770, 38, 101, 173, 259,
6, 6

Sandpiper, Common, xxv, 2/7, 279, 45,
317, 371, 604, 657.
as Curlew, 215, 277.
ae ** Pectoral,” 218.
Purple, xxv, 192, 215, 27¢
45, 108, 181, 247, 317, 371, 603, 656,

660.
§*Schinz’s,” 218,

Saxicola cenanthe, 53, 61, 19, 78, 147,
218, 285, 346, 400, 463, 508, 563,
631, 660.

Scaup, 260, 55, 447, 495, 659.

Scolopax rusticula, 205, 213, 43, 107, 179,
246, ee 369, 433, 484, 528, 602,
655, 6

Scoter, pr cmaee: 261, 56, 122, 262, 537,
659.

55 Surf-, 262, 274, 56.

Sedge- Warbler XXV, 60, 277, 20, 79, 148,
“219, 286, 347, 402, 463, 509, "564, 633,
660.

666

Serin, 278.
Shag, 249, 276, 52, 118, 190, 258, 325,
378, 443, 535, 613.
Shearwater, Great, 237.
Manx, 237, 49, 115, 187, 254,
323, 375, 440, "489, "532, 609, 658.
Sheathbill, Yellow- billed, 208, 27 9, 314,
Sheldrake, Common, 259, 495,
Shoveller, 259, 277.
Shrike, Great Grey, 8, 278.
» Red-backed, 8, 278.
5 Seles 8, 278, 279, 282, 340,

Raaitgs Xxv, 181, 273, 280, 91, 230, 298,
, 648, 60.
Skua, Buffon’s, 237.
» Great, 236.
», Pomatorhine, 236, 277.
;, Richardson's, 236, 277.

“Skuas,” 236, 49, 115, 440.

Skylark, sal "102, Qu, 271, 277, 278, 280,
281, 85, 155, 224, "299, 352, 408,
467, 312, 570, 643, 660.

Snipe, Common, XXV, "209, 213, 271, 280,
44, 107, 180, 246, 315, 370, 433, 484,
528, 603, 655, 660.

Jack-, XXV, 212, 272, 280,44, 107, 180,
246, 316, 370, 433, 528, 603, 656, 660.

Snow- Bunting, XXV, 11, 192, 973, 27, 87,
159, 227, 295, 354, 412, 471, 514, 575,
645, 660.

Snowy Owl, 4, 8, 276.

Somateria mollissima, 261, 195, 448.

Song-Thrush, xxv, 13, 102, 106, 271, 277,
278, 280, 281, 9, 69, 1386, 207, 276,
340, 392, 457, 504, 550, 622, 660.

SPaee BU of? 276, 274, 339, 390,

4
55 Hedge-, 88, 276, 18, 76, 146,
274, 345, “398, 462, 507, 561, 630.
Ps House-, "126, 276, 90, °230, 297,
057, 415, 472, 517, 580, 647.
5 Tree-, 126, 517, 647.

Spatula elypeata, 259.

Squatarola helvetica, 199, 42, 367, 654.

Starling, xxv, 102, 140, 271, RY, 280,
281, 282, 31, 94, 164, 231, 300, 309,
418, 474, 519, 585, 649, 660,

- Rose-coloured, 278.

Stercorarius crepidatus, 236.

parasiticus, 237.

pomatorhinus, 236.

Sterna cantiaca, 223.

doug galli, 223, 607.

i Eee, 224, 112, 184, 251,

437, 657.
macrurd, 224, 112, 184, 251, 658.

» minuta, 227, 373, 658.

Stint, Little, 225, 277.

*«Stint, Temminck’s,” 228.

Stock-Dove, 782, 652.

Stonechat, xxv, 49, 147, 217, 285, 346,
462, 508, 562, 630, 660.

Stone-Curlew, 195, 367.

Strepsilas interpres, 201, 106, 178, 245,
313, 368, 432, 483, 527, 602, 654, 660.

Stria flammea, i "456.

Sturnus vulgaris, 102, 140, 31, 94, 164,
231, 300, 359, 418, “414, 519, 585,
649, 660.

2?

INDEX

Sula bassana, 249, 53, 119, 191, 259, 326,
878, 444, 492, 535, 613.

Surf- Scoter, 262, Ih, 56,

Swallow, xxv, 161, 169, 279, 281, 37, 99,
172, 237, ’306, 363, 423, 478, 523, 593,
651, 660.

Swan, Bewick’s, 257.

» Mute, 259.
>, Whooper, 257.
‘*Swans,” 194, 328, 380, 447, 495, 537,

Swift, 172, 279, 39, 101, we 240, 308,
365, 46, 480, 525, 596, 6 51.
Sylvia atr icapilla, th, 80, 220, 288, 464,
510, 565, 630.
5 cinerea, 61, 68, 21, 80, 150, 220,
287, 348, 402, 464, 509, 564, 636, 660.
» curruca, 72, 181, 150, 637.
» hortensis, 73, 637.
», nisoria, 73, 510,
Syrnium aluco, a
Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 185, 40,

Tadorna cornuta, 259, 495.
Teal, 259, 194, 495, 659.
Tern, ‘Arctic, 224, 279, 112, 184, 251, 658.
», Common, 224, 279, ‘112, 184, ” 251,
437, 657.
7: Lesser, 227, 279, 373, 658.
» Roseate, 223, 279, 607.
», Sandwich, 223, 277.
bos ee , 47, 112, 320, 378, 437, 487,
1
Thrush, Missel-, XXV, = 8, 68, 135, 207,
276, 340, 457, 622,
a Song-, XXV, ue iis 106; 271,
277, 278, 280, 281, ’9, 69, 136, 207,
216, 340, 392, 457, 504, 550, 622,

vs White’s, 278.
Titlark, 99, 24, 84, 154, 223, 291, 351,
407, 467, 512, 569, 642, 660.

Titmouse, Blue, 93, 276, 641.

5 Coal, 94, 276, 278.
op Great, 93, 276, 83, 641.
Long- tailed, WY, 276, 466, 641.
“Tits, ” 83, 153, 222, 406.
Totanus calidri. as, 218, 46, 109, 182, 248,
318, 376, 657.
9 canescens, 218.
- hypoleucus, 217, 45, 317, 371,
604, 657.
Tree-Creeper, 92, 276, 278.
Tree-Sparrow, 126, 517, 647.
Tringa alpina, 213, 108, 180, 247, 316,
370, 434, 485, 529, 603, 656, 660.
5 canutus, 216, 45, 108, 371, 435,
485, 529, 657.
3 minuta, 215.
ay ser tata, 192, 215, 45, 108, 181,
247, 317, 371, 603, 656, 660,
as subarquata, 215.
Troglodytes parvulus, 90, 23, 82, 153, 221,
290, 350, 405, 465, 511, 568, 641, 660.
Tufted Duck, 277.
Turdus iliacus, 21, 13, 71, 140, 211, 279,
342, 395, 459, 505, 555, 624, 660.
“e merula, 29, 102, 15, 73, 142, 213,:
ah 343, 396, 460, 506, 557, 626,

INDEX

Turdus musicus, 13, 102, 106, 9, 69,

136, ag 276, 340, 392, "457, 504, 550,

ris 26, 14, 72, 141, 212, 280,
” 343° 396, 459, 506. 556, 625, 660.
“e ‘torquatus, 36, 17, 75, 145, 216,
284, 461, 507, 561, 629, 660.
wiscivorus, 2 9, 68, 135, 207,
” 976, 340, 457, 622. 660
"urnstone, 201, 106, 178, 245, 313, 368,
432, 483, 527, 602, 654, 660.
Turtle- Dove, xxv, 183, ee 102, 174, 241,
365, 525, 597, 652, 6
Turtur communis, 183, ra ‘Loe, 174, 241,
365, 525, 597, 652, 660
Twite, xxv, "137, 273, a6, 31, 93, 300,
418, 519, 649,

Upupa epops, 180, 39, 652.

Uria grylle, 245, 50, 257, 324, 376, 612.

» troile, 243, 51, 116, 188, 256, 324,
376, 441, 490, 533, 611, 659.

Vanellus vulgaris, 199, 42, 105, 177, 243,
311, 368, 430, 482, 527, 600, 654,

Wasgtail, Grey, 98, 153, 641.
* Pied, 95, 281, 290, 641,
Pe White, 98, 78.
P Yellow, 99, 126, 279, 350, 466,
42.

“ Wasgtails,” 23, 83, 153, 222, 290, 350,
406, 466, 511 1, 568.
Warbler, Barred, "3. 278, 510.
xf Blackeap, 74, 80, 220, 288, 464,
510, 565, 630.
es Garden, 78, 279, 637.

Grasshopper, xxv, 67, 279, 21,
35,

” g0, 149, 287, 464, 6

re Icterine, 278.

oe Sedge, xxv, 60, 277, 279, 282,
20, 79, 148, 219, 286, 347, 402, 463,
509, 564, 633, 660.

<5 Rufous, 78.

5 Willow, 77, 214, 22, 80, 151,
a 288, 348, 403, 464, 510, 565,

7, 660.
=) Wood, 76, 279, 151, 637.
icy Yellow- browed, 72, 83, 278, 279,

667

Water-Hen, 793, 276, 41, 104, 242, 310,
429, 481, 526, 600, 653,

Water- Ouzel, 12, 68.

Water- Rail, xv, 190, 273, 278, 41, 104,
176, 242, 309, 366, 429, 481, 526,
599, 653, 6

Waxwing, 94, 278, 330,

Wheatear, xxv, 53, 61, 277, 279, 19, 78,
147, 218, 285° 346, 400, 463, "508,
563, 631, 6

Whimbrel, ber 47, aa ws Pati 320,
373, 437, 487, 530, 606, 6

Whinchat, XXv, 50, 126, 279, 2 2, Lis
147, 218, 285, 346, 463, 508, 563,
631, 660.

Whitethroat, Greater, xxv, 61, 68, 277,
279, 282, 21, 80, 150, 220, "287° 348,
402, 464, 509, 5A, 636, 660.

Pn Lesser, 79, 781, 278, 279,
282, 150, 637.

Whooper, 257.

Wigeon, 260, 122.

Willow- ‘Wren, xxv, 61, 77, 214, 277, 279,
22, 80, 151, 220, 288° 348, 403, 464,
510, 565, 637, 660.

Woodchat Shrike, 8, 340, 621.

Woodcock, xxv, "205, 213, 271, 280, 43,
107, 179, 246, 315, 369, ‘433, "484.
528, 602, 655, 660.

Wood- Lark, "110, OY &, 645,

Woodpecker, Great Spotted, 181,

Wood-Pigeon, 782, 597.

Wood-Wren, 76, 151, 637.

Wren, 90, 276, 23, 82, 153, 221, 290,
350, 405, 465, 511, 568, 641, 660.

A Fire- crested, 90.

>, __ Golden- crested, 8&3, 22, 81, 152,
221, _ 349, 404, 465, 511, 566,
640, 6

3 Willow xxv, 61, 77, 214, 277,
22, 80, 151, 220, 288, 348, 403, 464,
510, 565, 637, 660.

Wood-, 76, 151, 637.
Wryneck, 181, 282 , 308, 525, 652.

Xema sabinii, 228.

Yellowhammer, 117, 276, 28, 89, 159,
228, 296, 355, 413, 471, 515, 576,
646,

Printed by M‘FaRLANE & ErskINE, Edinburgh.

Set tiene

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