foL.-ii'i Smithsonian Institution Libraries Purchased from the CULLMAN ENDOWMENT J PENZANCE LIBRARY Y.7 S"c,\j///ZS ALPHABETICAL INDEX. — — AcTEON acutus Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. 455 2 78 Ammonites giganteus .... . 2 126 55 crenatus . 5 460 1 87 Goodhalli . 3 255 100 cospidatus . 5 455 1 77 Gowerianus . 6 549 2 94 elongatus 460 3 88 Greenoughii 2 132 71 Noae . 4 374 101 Gulielmii . 4 311 5 simulatus . 2 163 5-8 144 Henleyi . 2 172 161 striatus 460 2 87 Henslowi ( Goniatites ? . . . ) 3 262 111 Ammonites acutus . 1 17 1 51 Herveyi . 2 195 215 angulatus C) 107 1 9 heterophyllus . 3 266 119 annulatus 222 41 Hippocastanum . 6 514 2 24 armatus . 1 95 215 Humphriesianus 500 1 m 161 auritus . 2 134 75 inflatus . 2 178 170 Bakeriae . 6 570 1,2 134 Jamesoni . 6 555 1 105 Banksii 2 200 299 Johnstoni . 5 449 1 70 Bechei 280 143 jugosus . 1 92 1 207 Benettise 539 77 Kcenigi . 3 263 1-3 113 binus .. i 92 3 208 laevigatus . 6 570 3 135 biplex .. 3 293 1,2 168 Icevigatus (Selliguinus). . 6 549 1 93 Birchii . 3 267 121 lseviusculus . 5 451 1,2 73 Blagdeni - r 2 201 231 Lamberti . 3 242 1-3 73 L 5 500 x, U laticostatus . 6 556 1 106 Braikenridgii . 2 184 187 lautus 309 3 brevispina . 6 556 2 106 Leachii 242 4 73 Brodioei. . 4 351 71 lewesiensis . 4 358 80 Brocchii - r 2 202 233 Listen (Goniatites...) . . 5 501 1 163 . ^ 500 2 Longispina . 5 501 2 164 Brongniarti , A 2 190 Loscombii 183 185 Brookii 2 190 203 Mantelli . 1 55 119 Brownii . 3 263 4,5 114 minutus ( Nautilus ?...). . 1 53 3 116 Bucklandi 130 69 Monile 117 35 calloviensis 2 104 3 multicostatus . 5 454 76 Catena 420 21 Murchison® 550 95 Catillus 564 2 123 mutabilis 405 145 cinctus 564 1 122 navicularis 555 2 105 communis 107 2,3 10 nodosus 92 5 210 complanatus 569 1 133 nutfieldiensis 108 11 concavus 94 214 obtusus •2 167 242 151 74 constrictus ( Scaphites .) 2 A 1 189 omphaloides 5 contractus (Brocchii) . . 5 500 2 162 Parkinsoni 307 1 Conybeari 2 131 70 parvus 449 2 70 cordatus 17 2,4 51 peramplus 357 79 corrugatus 451 3 74 perarmatus 352 '72 cristatus curvatus 421 579 3 2 24 154 planicostatus -j 73 406 5-7 167 148 Davoei 350 71 Planorhis T . 5 448 570 69 136 decipiens 294 169 planulatus 5 denarius 540 1 78 plicatilis 166 149 dentatus Discus 308 12 3 37 plicomphalus - r 4 L 4 359 404 82 145 Duncani 157 129 proboscideus 310 4,5 4 ele^ans 94 213 quadratus TT . 1 17 515 Q 52 25 ellipticus 92 4 209 rhotomagensis excavatus 9 105 5 rostratns ....... , 2 173 453 163 76 falcatus 579 1 153 rotiformis falcifer 254 2 99 Rotula 570 4 136 fibulatus 407 2 147 rotundus (rotundatus.) . . 3 293 3 169 fimbriatus 2 164 145 rotundatus 293 3 169 funatus 32 81 rusticus tl , 9 177 549 171 93 Gervillii 2 A 3 189 Selliguinus 1 ALPHABETICAL INDEX 0 Ammonites serratus Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. 1 24 65 Astarte planata 3 257 103 Smith ii 4 406 148 pumila 5 444 2, 3 64* Sowerbyi 3 213 23 rotunda 6 520 2 35 sphcericus (Goniatites...). 1 S3 2 116 rugata 4 316 13 spinosus 6 540 2 78 striata 6 520 1 35 spiendens 2 103 1 trigonalis 5 444 1 63* stellaris 1 93 211 4 324 1 23 Stokesi 2 191 205 Atrypa acuminata -< 5 495 1, 3 153 Strangewaysii 3 254 1,2 99 affinis 4 324 2 24 striatulus 5 421 1 23 4 376 495 305 154 striatus (Goniatites...) ... 1 53 1 115 cordiformis 5 2,4 subavmatus 4 407 1 146 glabra 3 269 1 123 sublsevis 1 54 117 oblata 3 268 123 snbradiatus 5 421 2 23 obtusa 3 269 2 124 Sutherlandias 6 563 121 plat.yloba 5 496 497 5, 6 155 155 154 Taylori 6 514 l 23 Pugniis TTI 5 tetrammatus 6 587 2 166 reniformis 5 496 3-4 triplex 3 - f 292, 294 167 Auricula buccinea 5 465 2 100 J 1 293 4 incrassata 2 163 3-3 143 triplicatus i 92 2 208 pyramidalis 4 379 109 triplicatus (triplex) H r 292, L 293 294 4 167 simulata (Acteon )... turgida 2 2 163 163 5-8 4 144 143 tuberculatus 4 310 1-3 4 ventricosa 5 465 1 99 Turneri 5 452 75 Avicula costata 3 244 1 77 varians 2 176 169 echinata 3 243 75 varicosus 5 451 4,5 74 intequivalvis 3 244 2, 3 78 vertebralis 2 165 147 lanceolata 6 512 1 17 undatus 6 569 2 134 media 1 2 13 Walcottii 2 106 7 ovata 6 512 2 18 Wooligari 6 587 1 165 Axinus angulatus 4 315 11 Amplexus coralloides 1 72 165 obscurus 4 314 12 Ampullaria acuta (Globu- Baculites Faujasii 6 592 1 186 lus....) 3 284 151 obliquatus 6 592 2,3 186 Ambulacrum (Globu- Balanus crassus 1 84 2-4 194 lus....) 4 372 97 tessellatus 1 84 1 193 helicoides (Globulus...)... 6 522 2 40 Belemnites abbreviatus ... 6 590 2,3,9 179 nobilis (Globulus...) 6 522 1 39 acutus 6 590 7,8,10 180 patula (Globulus.,.) 3 284 152 attenuatus 6 589 2 176 sigaretina (Globulus...).. 3 284 152 compressus 6 590 4 182 Ancilla aveniformis ( Oliva...) 1 99 225 elongatus -| 6 590 1 178 subulata (Ancillaria. ..)... 4 333 37 1 160 1-3 131 turritella (Oliva ) ... 1 99 226 granulatus 6 600 3, 5 207 Ancillaria subulata 4 333 37 lanceolatus 6 600 8, 9 208 Ancillus elegans 6 533 64 minimus 6 589 1 175 Anomia lineata 5 425 32 600 1 1,2' -205 striata (lineata) 5 425 32 mucronatus 6 4,6,7 j Area appendiculata 3 276 S 135 penicillatus 6 590 5, 6 181 Branderi 3 276 1,2 135 pistilliformis 6 589 3 177 cancellata 5 473 2 115 Bellerophon apertus 5 469 1 108 carinata 1 44 99 Cornu- Arietis 5 469 2 108 depressa 5 474 2 116 costatus 5 470 4 110 duplicata 5 474 1 116 hiulcus 5 470 1 109 pulchra 5 473 3 115 tenuifascia 5 470 2 109 quadrisulcata 5 473 1 115 Woodwardii 6 571 3 138 subacuta 1 44 95 Beloptera anomala 6 591 2 184 tumida 5 474 3 116 belemnitoidea 6 591 3 183 Astarte bipartita 6 521 3 38 sepioidea 6 591 1 183 cuneata 2 137 2 82 Buccinum acutum 6 566 1 127 elegans 2 137 3 82 breve 6 566 3 128 ex cava ta 3 233 57 canaliculatum ( F usus « . . ) 5 415 2 14 imbricata 6 521 1 37 c/rispatum (Purpura ) 5 413 12 lineata 2 179 1 174 Dalei 5 486 1,2 139 lurida 2 137 1 81 desertum (Fusus....) 5 415 1 14 nitida 6 521 2 37 elegans 5 477 l 121 obliquata 2 179 3 173 elongatum (Nassa ....) ... 2 110 1 15 oblonga 6 521 4 38 granulatum (Nassa. ...)... 2 110 4 18 obovata 4 353 73 imbricatum 6 566 2 127 orbicularis 5 444 4-6 64* incrassatum ( Purpura . . . .) 5 414 2 13 orbicularis (rotunda) 6 520 2 35 junceum 4 375 1 103 plana 2 179 2 173 labialum (Fusus....) 5 412 1,2 1 1 JP- •• Tl ALPHABETICAL INDEX 8 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Buccinum labiosum 5 477 3 122 Cerithium intermedium (Po- lavatum (Fusiis ) 5 412 3,4 11 tamides ....) 2 147 3,4 107 Mitrula (Pleurotoma....) 4 37 5 3 103 melanioides (Potamides propinquum (Nassa. 5 477 2 121 politus) 2 147 6,7 109 reticosum (Nassa ) ... 2 110 2 17 pyramidale 2 127 1 61 rugusum (Nassa....) 2 110 3 17 Chama canaliculate (Gry- spinosum 6 566 4 128 pha;a ) 1 26 1 68 sulcatum 4 37 5 2 103 conica (Exogyra ) ... 1 26 3 69 var 5 477 4 122 digitata (Exogyra ....) ... 2 174 165 tenerum 5 486 3,4 140 haliotoidea (Exogyra....). 1 25 67 tetrngonum (Purpura....) 5 414 1 13 plicala (Exogyra conica). 1 26 4 70 unilineatum 5 486 5, 6 140 recurvata (Exogyra coni- Bulinus costellatus 4 366 89 ca) 1 26 2 69 ellipticus 4 337 46 squamosa 4 348 67 Bulla acuminata 5 464 5 98 Cirrus acutus 2 141 1 93 attenuata 5 464 3 97 carinatusf Euomphalus...) 5 429 3 36 constricta 5 464 2 96 depressus 5 428 3 35 convoluta 5 464 1 95 Leachii 3 219 3 36 elliptica 5 464 6 96 2 141 2 94 filosa 5 464 4 97 3 219 1 ,2,4 1 35 Cancellaria evulsa 4 361 2-4 84 perspectivus 5 428 1, 2 35 laeviuscula 4 361 1 84 plicatus 2 141 3 94 quadrata 4 360 83 rotundatus 5 429 1,2 36 Cardita abrupta (Isocar- Clavagella coronata 5 480 128 dia....) 1 89 2 200 Conularia quadrisulcata ... 3 260 3-6 107 deZtoitfea( Pholadomya ) 2 197. 4 220 ? teres 3 260 1,2 108 lunulata 3 232 1,2 55 Conus concinnus 3 302 2 180 lyrata (Pholadomya....).. 2 197 3 220 Dormitor 3 301 179 mnrgaritacea (Pholado- scabriculus 3 303 180 mya...) 3 297 175 Corbis laevis 6 580 156 obtusa (Pholadomya ....) 2 199 2 219 Corbula complanata 4 362 7,8 86 producing Pholadomya....) 2 197 l 219 cuspidata 4 362 4-6 85 similis 3 232 3 56 elesrans 6 572 ] 1 9Q striata (Isocardia ) ... 1 89 1 199 gigantea 3 209 5-7 13 tubcrculata (Cardium globosa 3 209 3 14 Gentianum) 2 143 97 Iccvigata (Thetis minor)... 3 209 1,2 14 Cardium aliforme 6 552 2100,132 nitida 4 362 1-3 85 angustatum 3 283 2 149 obscura , . 6 572 5 140 decussatum 6 55 2 1 99 Pisum 3 209 4 15 dissiinile 6 553 2 101 revoluta 3 209 8-13 16 edule 3 283 1 150 rotundata 6 572 4 140 edulinum 3 283 3 149 striatula 6 572 9 Q 1 QQ elongatum 1 82 3 188 Crania parisiensis 5 408 A ij Z7 3 Gentianum 2 143 97 Crassatella plicata 4 345 2 62 hibernicum -/ 1 82 1,2 187 sulcata 4 345 1 62 1 6 552 3 100 Crenatula ventricosa 5 443 64 Hillanum 1 14 41 Cucullsea carinata 3 207 1 9 nitens 1 14 43 costellata 5 447 2 67 Parkinsoni I 49 105 decussata 3 206 3,4 8 plumsteadiense 1 14 42 elongata £ 447 1 porulosum 4 346 2 64 lihrosa , . o. on 7 9 proboscideum 2 156 1 127 glabra 1 A 7 1 £l semigranulatum 2 144 99 minuta 5 447 Q striatulum 6 553 1 101 oblonga 3 206 1,2 7 truncatum 6 553 3 102 rudis ,, £ 447 4 turgidum 4 346 1 63 Cyclas cuneiformis 2 162 2, 3 140 umbonatum ( Pectunculus deperdita 2 162 1 139 ) 2 156 2-4 128 media ft £97 o Cassidaria carinata 1 6 23 membranacea. 6 527 3 52 striata 1 6 24 obovata 9 l ao Cassis bicatenata 2 151 117 pulchra 6 527 1 51 202 carinata (Cassidaria...)... I 6 23 Cyprsea Avellana 4 378 3 107 striata (Cassidaria...) ... 1 6 24 cocci nelloides 4 37S 1 107 Cerithium Cornu-copiae ... 2 188 1,3,4 197 oviformis 1 4 17 dubiurn (Potamides ) 2 147 5 108 retusa 4 q7« 9 1 H7 funatum (Potamides ....) 2 128 64 Cyprina aequalis i 21 59 funiculatum ( Potamides angulata i 65 145 ) 2 147 1,2 107 Cypris Faba 5 485 136 geminatum 2 127 2 63 Dentalium acuminatum ... 1 70 3 159 giganteum.............. ... 2 188 2 199 costatum 1 70 8 162 4 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Vol. Dentalium cylindricum ... 1 decussatum 1 ellipticum 1 entalis ? (acuminatum) ... 1 incrassatum 1 medium 1 nitens 1 planum 1 striatum 1 Dianchora lata 1 striata 1 Dolium nodosum 5 Ellipsolites compressus (Nau- tilus ) 1 funatus (Ammonites ) 1 ovcitus^ Nautilus globatus) 1 Emarginula clathrata 6 crassa I reticulata 1 scalaris 6 tricarinata 6 Euomphalus aequalis 2 angulatus (angulosus) ... 1 angulosus 1 Catillus I carinatus 5 coronatus 5 discors 1 funatus 5 nodosus 1 pentangulatus 1 { Tab. 79 70 70 70 79 79 70 79 70 80 80 426 427 Fig. Page. 2 178 5 161 6,7 161 3 159 3,4 180 5 181 1,2 159 179 160 184 183 34 38 32 37 519 1 33 bis 33 bis 519 3,4 519 2 140 1 52 3 52 3 45 3,4 429 3 Exogyra conica. rugosus 1 1 6 2 6 1 6 laevigata 6 nana 4 digitata haliotoidea. { { { 84 81 83 33 74 73 34 34 89 114 114 9S 36 71 113 71 99 97 1 IS 26 2,3,4 69 1-3 219 450 52 3 1 450 1, 2 46 45 1,2 52 2 605 174 25 605 383 165 218 67 218 220 114 plicata (conica) 6 218 MacCullochii 6 547 1-3 recurvata (conica) 6 218 minuta 6 547 4 undata 6 605 5 220 nana (Exogyra....) 4 383 3 Fissurella graeca 5 483 132 obliquata 2 112 3 Fusus aciculatus 3 274 1-3 131 sinuata 4 336 acuminatus (aciculatus vesiculosa 4 369 Lam.) 3 274 1-3 131 Hamites adpressus 1 61 6 alveolatus 6 525 1 45 2 168 asper 3 274 4-7 131 3 234 2 bifaciatus 3 228 49 attenuatus 1 61 4,5 bulbiformis 3 291 1-6 165 compressus 1 61 7,8 canaliculatus... 5 415 2 14 gibbosus 1 62 4 r cancellatus 6 525 2 45 Gigas 6 593 2 Carinella 2 187 3,4 196 grandis 6 593 1 complanatus 5 423 2,3 27 intermedius 1 62 2-4 coniferus 2 187 1 195 maximus 1 62 1 contrarius 1 23 63 nodosus 3 216 3 1 35 79 plicatilis 3 234 1 f 1 34 75 rotundus 1 61 2,3 costatus -< 2 199 1,2 225 spiniger 3 216 2 costellifer 2 199 3 225 spinulosus 3 216 1 2 199 5 227 tenuis 1 61 1 desertus 5 415 1 14 tuberculatus 3 216 4,5 echinatus 2 199 4 226 turgidus 3 216 6 errans 4 400 139 Helicina compressa (Ro- Ficulneus 3 291 7 166* tella ..) 1 10 gradatus 2 199 6 227 expansa (Rotella....) 3 273 1-3 interruptus 3 304 181 polita (Rotella...), 3 285 labiatus 5 412 1,2 11 solarioides (Rotella ) 3 273 4 regularis aviculoides. Vol. Tab. Fusus latus 1 35 lavatus 5 412 Lima 5 423 longaevus .. 1 63 nodosus 6 578 porrectus 3 274 pulcher 1 23 quadratus 5 410 f 2 187 \ 5 423 rugosus (porrectus) 3 274 striatus 1 22 — var. carinatus ... 2 109 trilineatus 1 35 tuberosus 3 229 Gastrochaena contorta 6 526 tortuosa 6 526 Gervillia acuta 6 510 J 1 66 t 6 511 solenoides 6 510 Globulus acutus 3 284 Ambulacrum 4 372 depressus 1 5 helicoides 6 522 nobilis 6 522 patulus 3 284 sigaretinus 3 284 Goniatites Henslowi 3 262 Listeri 5 501 sphaericus 1 53 striatus 1 53 Gryphaea bilobata 2 149 bullata 4 368 canaliculata 1 26 Columba 4 383 dilatata 2 149 dilatata fi (bilobata) 2 149 gigantea 4 391 globosa 4 392 incurva 2 112 Fig. Page. 80 3,4 4 11 28 141 4 152 8, 9 132 63 1 7 2 195 1 27 8,9 132 61 13 80 51 50 49 15 147 16 14 151 97 21 40 39 152 152 111 163 116 115 113 93 68 1-4 1 2 1 2 1 1,2 113 1 113 2 113 127 127 23 89 90 114 24 43 93 140 153 59 L2 140 188 187 139 138 30 59 136 29 29 136 30 30 33 129 153 129 ALPHABETICAL INDEX 5 Vol. Tab. Fig. Helix carinatus (Pleuroto- maria ) 1 10 cirriforviis ( Pleurotoma- ria ) 2 171 2 Gentii (Natica 2 145 globosus 2 170 stnatusf Pleurotomaria. . . ) 2 171 1 Hinnites Dubuissoni 5 601 Hinnus Dubuissoni 5 601 proboscideus 3 264 Hippopodium ponderosum. 3 250 Infundibulum echinatum .. 1 97 2 obliquum 1 97 1 rectum l 97 3 spinulosum 1 97 6 tuberculatum 1 97 4,5 Inoceramus Brongniarti ... 5 441 2, 3 concentricus 3 305 cordiformis 5 440 Cuvieri 5 441 1 digitatus 6 604 2 dubius 6 584 3 gryphatoides 6 584 1 involutus 6 583 latus 6 582 1 rnytiloides 5 442 pictus 6 604 1 striatus 6 582 2 sulcatus 3 306 vetustus 6 584 2 Xsocardia abrupta 1 89 2 concentrica 5 491 1 Cor 6 516 2 minima 3 295 1 oblonga 5 491 2 rostrata 3 295 3 similis 6 516 1 striata 1 89 1 sulcata 3 295 4 tenera 3 295 2 Lima antiquata 3 214 2 gibbosa 2 152 probnscidea (Hinnus ) 3 264 rudis 3 214 1 Limnea columellaris 6 528 2 fusiformis 2 169 2, 3 longiscata 4 343 maxima 6 528 1 minima 2 169 1 pyramidalis 6 528 3 Lingula rnytiloides 1 19 1,2 ovalis 1 19 4 tenuis 1 19 3 Littorina carinata 3 240 3 conica 5 433 1 extensa 1 31 2 littorea 1 71 1 monilifera 4 395 1 muricata 3 240 4 ornata 3 240 1,2 rotundata 5 433 2 rudis 1 71 2 sculpta 4 395 2 suboperta 1 31 6 Lucina antiquata 6 557 2 crassa.. 6 557 3 divaricata 5 417 mitis 6 557 1 Lutraria ambigua (Phola- dotnva ......) 3 227 Vol, . Tab. Fig. Page. Lutraria angustata (Phola- dornya....) 4 327 29 carinifera 6 534 2 66 gibbosa (Panopea ) ... 1 42 91 lyrata (Pholadomya Fidi- cula) 3 225 47 oblata 6 534 3 66 ovalis ( Pholadomya ) 3 226 47 striata 6 534 1 65 Mactra arcuata 2 160 1-6 135 cuneata 2 160 7 136 dubia 2 160 2-4 136 ovalis 2 160 5 136 Magas pumilus 2 119 40 Megalodon cucullatus 6 568 132 Melania attenuata 6 52 constricta (Terebra ) 3 218 2 33 costata 3 241 2 71 fasciata 3 241 1 71 heddmgtonensis ( Phasia- nella...) 1 39 86 lineata (Terebra ) ... 3 218 1 33 minima 3 241 3 72 striata (Phasianella ) 1 47 101 subulata 6 41 sulcata (Turritella...) ... 1 39 85 tricarinata 6 52 truncata 3 241 4 72 Melanopsis brevis 6 523 2 42 carinata 6 523 1 41,52 fusiformis 4 332 1-7 35 subulata 4 332 8 36 Mitra parva 5 430 1 37 pumila 5 430 2 37 scabra 4 401 142 Modiola aequalis 3 210 2 18 aliformis (I’erna...) 3 251 93 aspera 3 212 4 22 bipartita 3 210 3,4 17 cuneata 3 21 1 1 19 depressa l 8 29 elegans l 9 31 gibbosa 3 21 l 2 19 Hillana 3 212 2 21 imbricata 3 212 1,3 21 laevis 1 8 30 minima 3 210 5-7 19 pallida 1 8 30 parallela (Plagiostoma elongatum) 1 9 31 plicata 3 248 1 87 reniformis 3 211 3 20 Scalprum 3 248 2 87 subcarinata 3 210 i 17 Murex alveolatus 5 411 2 9 argutus (Triton ) ... 4 344 59 bartonensis (Strombus ...) 1 34 77 bispinosus 5 416 2 15 Calcar 5 410 2 7 Carinella (Fusus )... 2 187 3,4 196 coniferus (Fusus....) 2 187 1 195 conlrarius (Fusus )... 1 23 63 corneus (Fusus ) ... 1 35 79 coronatus 3 230 3 52 costellifer (Fusus )... 2 199 3 225 cristatus 3 230 1,2 52 curtus (Fusus....) 2 199 5 227 defossus 5 41 1 1 9 echinatus (Fusus....) 2 199 4 226 dslulosus (Typhis...) 2 189 1,2 201 Page. 34 160 101 157 159 210 210 115 91 221 220 219 220 221 60 183 61 59 215 162 161 161 159 62 215 160 184 162 200 147 27 91 148 172 27 199 172 171 25 120 115 25 53 155 57 53 156 54 55 56 55 69 45 78 163 131 70 69 45 164 132 80 108 108 18 107 48 6 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Murex frondosus 416 3 16 gradatus (Fusus ) .. . 2 199 6 227 Harpula 578 5 152 interruptus ( Fusus ) . . . 3 304 181 latus (Fusus....) . 1 35 80 minax 229 2 51 peruvianus . 5 434 1 47 quadratus (Fusus...) . 5 410 1 7 regularis (Fusus ) .. . 2 187 2 195 rugosus (Fusus costatus). I 34 75 rugosus[h( Fusus costatus/3 j 2 199 1,2 225 sexdentatus 411 3 10 Smithii (Pyrula.....) 578 1-3 151 striatus (Fusus....) . 1 22 61 striatus P> ( carinatus ) (Fu i- SU8 ) . 2 109 13 tortuosus . 5 434 2 48 tricarinatus . 5 416 1 15 trilineatus (Fusus ) .. . 1 35 80 tuber osus (Fusus ) .. . 3 229 1 5 tuberosus ( Fusus nodosus) 6 578 4 152 tubifer (Typhis pungens) 2 189 3-8 201 Mya angulifera . 3 224 6,7 46 ? angustata . 6 531 1 57, 59 arenaria 364 88 depressa 418 19 gibbosa (Panopea oblata) 5 419 1 19 gregaria (Potamomya ...) 4 363 87 intermedia (Panopea J > 1 1 76 419 1 2 173 20 L e 602 4 212 lata 81 185 literata 224 1 45 Mandihula 43 93 plana (Potamomya ).. ,. 1 76 2 173 plicata (Panopea....) .. ,. 5 419 3 20 Pullus 531 2 58 subangulata ( Potamomya plana var.) .. 1 76 3 174 V-scripta 224 2-5 46 Myoconcha crassa ,. 5 467 103 Mvtilus affinis ,. 6 532 1 59 aliformis ,. 3 275 4 133 amplus ( Pinna ) . 1 7 27 antiquorum .. 3 275 1-3 133 Brardii 532 1 60 edentulus .. 5 439 1 55 lanceolatus .. 5 439 2 55 pectinatus . 282 147 sublsevis 439 3 56 Nassa elongata .. 2 110 1 15 granulata .. 2 110 4 18 propinqua 477 2 121 reticosa .. 2 110 2 17 9 110 3 16 Natica cirriformis .. 5 479 1 125 depressa (Globulus...) .. .. 1 5 21 Gentii , 2 145 101 glaucinoides - ! 5 5 479 4 19 126 hantoniensis, Trans. Linn. Soc.vu. 1 18. t.XI. f.10. 4 373 99 hemiclausa 479 2 125 patula 373 99 sigaretina 479 3 126 similis 5 20 striata (hantoniensis) . .. 4 373 99 Nautilus biangulatus ... .. 5 458 2 84 bilobatus 249 2, 3 89 cariniferus 482 3>4 130 Vol. Tab. Fig. I ’age. Nautilus centralis 1 1 11 complanatus 3 261 109 compressus 1 38 84 Cowptora( Nummularia.. ) 2 121 45 Discus 1 13 39 elegans 2 116 33 excavatus 6 529 1 55 expan sus 5 458 1 83 globatus l 5 37 481 83 129 hexagonus 6 529 2 55 imperialis 1 l 9 inaequalis 1 40 88 intermedius 2 125 53 lineatus 1 41 89 ?minutus 1 53 3 116 multicarinatus 5 482 1,2 129 obesus 2 124 51 pentagonus 3 249 1 89 polygonalis 6 530 56 radiatus 4 356 78 regalis 4 355 77 simplex 2 122 47 sinuatus 2 194 213 striatus 2 182 183 sulcatus 6 571 1,2 137 truncatus 2 123 49 tuberculatus 3 249 4 90 undulatus 1 40 87 Woodwardii (Bellerophon ) 6 571 3 138 ziczac 1 1 12 Nerita aperta 5 424 2-4 30 costata 5 463 5, 6 94 globosa 5 424 1 20 laevigata 3 217 l 31 minuta 5 463 3,4 93 sinuosa 3 217 2 32 spirata 5 463 1,2 93 Neritina concava 4 385 1-8 118 uniplicata 4 385 9, 10 118 Nucula amygdaloides 6 554 4 104 angulata 5 476 5 120 antiquata 5 475 4 118 claviformis..... 5 476 2 119 Cobboldiae 2 180 2 177 deltoidea 6 554 1 103 impressa , 5 475 3 118 inflata . 6 554 2 103 Lachryma . 5 476 3 119 lajvigata 9 192 1,2 207 lanceolata 2 180 1 178 minima 2 192 8.9 209 mucronata... 5 5 5 2 , 2 . 2 , 5 , 6 . 2 . 6 6 , 6 l 3 . 3 . 1 476 476 475 192 192 192 475 554 121 538 538 538 99 288 288 99 506 4 120 1 118 1 117 6, 7 209 3,410207 5 208 2 117 3 104 45 2 76 1 75 3 76 225 159 160 226 3,4 6 Ovum Palmas pectinata similis trigona variabilis undulata Nummularia Comptoni ... elegans laevigata variolaria Oliva aveniformis Branderi Salisburiana Turritella Orbicula granulata ALPHABETICAL INDEX 7 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Orbicula Humphriesiana... 6 506 2 5 reflexa , 6 506 1 4 Orthocera annulata 2 133 73 Breynii , 1 60 5 132 cincta 6 588 3 168 circularis 1 60 6,7 133 conica (Belemnites elon- gatus) , 1 60 1-3 131 cordiformis , 3 247 85 fusiformis , 6 588 1,2 167 gigantea . 3 246 81 paradoxica . 5 457 81 Steinhaueri , 1 60 4 132 striata . I 58 129 teres , 3 260 1,2 108 undulata , 1 59 130 Ostrea acuminata , 2 135 2,3 78 bellovacina , 4 388 1,2 121 canaliculata , 2 135 1 77 carinata , 4 365 89 costata . 5 488 3 143 deltoidea . 2 148 111 dorsata , 5 489 1,2 144 edulina , 4 388 3,4 122 expansa , 3 238 1 65 Flabellulum . 3 253 97 gigantea , 1 64 143 gregaria 2 111 1.3 19 l$viuscula , 5 488 1 143 macroptera , 5 468 2,3 105 Marshii , 1 48 103 Meadei , 3 252 1-4 95 obscura , 5 488 2 143 Palmetta 2 111 2 20 pulchra , 3 279 141 semiplana . 5 489 3 144 solitaria , 5 468 1 105 tenera , 3 252 2,3 95 undulata . 3 238 2 65 Orulum Leathesi , 5 478 124 Pachymya Gigas , 6] '504 505 2 Paludina angulosa 2 175 1,2 168 carinifera 6 509 3 12 concinna 1 31 4,5 80 elongata 6 509 1,2 11 fluviorum 1 31 1 77 lenta 1 31 3 79 minuta 2 175 3 168 orbicularis (angulosa) ... 2 175 1,2 167 Panopea Faujas 6 602 1-3,5 212 gibbosa 1 42 91 gibbosa (oblata) 5 419 1 19 r 1 76 1 173 intermedia 5 419 2 20 l 6 602 4 212 oblata 5 419 1 19 plicata 5 419 3 20 Patella sequalis 2 139 2 87 ancilloides 5 484 2 134 laevis 2 139 3,4 86 lata 5 484 1 133 latissima 2 139 1,5 85 Nana 5 484 3 134 rugosa 2 139 6 87 striata 4 389 123 Unguis (Pileopsis ...) ... 2 139 7,8 88 Pecten asquivalvis 2 136 1 79 annulatus 6 542 1 80 arcuatus., 3 205 5,7 4 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Pecten asper 4 370 1 59 barbatus 3 231 53 Beaveri 2 158 131 carinatus 6 575 4 145 cinctus 4 371 96 complanatus 6 586 164 corneus ...; 3 204 1 dentatus 6 574 1 143 duplicatus 6 575 1-3 145 fibrosus 2 136 2 80 gracilis 4 393 2 129 grandis 6 585 163 granosus 6 574 2 144 lamellosus 3 239 67 laminatus 3 205 4 4 Lens 3 205 2, 3 3 nitidus 4 394 1 130 obliquus 4 370 2 95 obscurus 3 205 1 3 obsoletus , 6 541 79 orbicularis 2 186 193 papyraceus 4 354 75 plebeius 4 393 1 129 plicatus 6 574 3 144 Princeps 6 542 2 80 quadricostatus 1 56 1,2 121 quinquecostatus 1 56 3-8 122 reconditus 6 575 5, 6 146 rigidus 3 205 8 5 similis 3 205 6 5 striatus 4 394 2-4 130 sulcatus (plebeius) 4 393 1 129 vagans 6 543 3-5 82 vimineus 6 543 1,2 81 Pectunculus brevirostris ... 5 472 1 112 costatus (deletus) 1 27 2 72 decussatus 1 27 1 71 deletus 1 27 2 72 minimus 5 472 5 114 oblongus 5 472 6 1 14 plumsteadiensis l 27 3 72 scalaris 5 472 2 113 sublaevis 5 472 4 112 variabilis 5 471 111 umbonatus 2 156 2—4 128 5 472 3 113 Pentamerus Aylesfordii ... i 29 75* Knightii i 28 73* lasvis i 28 76* Perna aliformis 3 251 93 aviculoides (Gervillia f 1 66 147 ) 1 6 511 16 quadrata 5 492 149 Petricola laminosa 6 573 142 Phasianella angulosa (Palu- dina...) 2 175 2 168 heddingtonensis i 39 86 minuta (Paludina...) ... 2 175 3 168 orbicularis (Paludina,.)... 2 175 1 167 striata 1 47 101 Pholadomya acuticostata... 6 546 1,2 88 asqualis 6 546 3 88 ambigua 3 227 48 angustata 4 327 29 deltoidea 2 197 4 220 Fidicula 3 225 47 lvrata 2 197 3 220 margaritacea 3 297 1-3 175 Murchisonice 4 3 297 4 l 6 545 87 8 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Vol. Tab. Fig. Pholadomva obtusa . 2 197 2 ovalis . 3 226 prod u eta . 2 197 1 Pholas compressa . 6 603 cvlindrica . 2 198 prisca , 6 581 Pileolus laevis , 5 432 5-8 plicatus , 5 432 1-4 Pileopsis tubifera . 6 607 4 Unguis 2 139 7,8 vetusta . 6 607 1-3 Pinna affinis , 4 313 2 ampla . 1 7 arcuata . 4 313 3 granulata . 4 347 lanceolata . 3 281 tetragona . 4 313 l Plagiostoma cardiiforme . 2 113 S concentricum . 6 559 1 duplicatum . 6 559 3 elongatum 6 559 9 2 1 giganteum . 1 77 Hoperi . 4 380 lseviusculum . 4 382 obscurum . 2 114 2 ovale . 2 114 3 pectinoides . 2 114 4 punctatum . 2 113 1,2 rigidum . 2 114 1 rustieum . 4 381 spinosum 78 Planorbis cequalis (Euom - pliatus ) . 2 140 1 cylindricus . 2 140 2 euomphalus 140 7-9 hemistoma . 2 140 6 Lens 140 4 obtusus 140 3 radiatus ( Vermetus...) .. . 2 140 5 Pleurotoma acuminata . 2 146 4 attenuata 146 1 brevirostrum 387 2 Colon 146 7,8 Comma 146 5 exorta 146 2 fusiformis 387 l laevigata 387 3 Mitrula 375 S prisca . 4 386 rostrata 2 146 3 Semicolon . 2 146 6 Pleurotomaria abbreviata. . . 2 193 5 anglica 2 142 bicarinata 221 2 carinata 10 cirriforinis . 2 171 2 elongata 2 193 2-4 fasciata 220 1 Gibbsii 278 1 granulata 220 2 ornata 221 i punctata . 2 193 i reticulata 272 2 striata 171 1 sulcata 220 3 Plicatula inflata 5 409 2 pectinoides 409 1 spiuosa . 3 245 maximus 606 3-6 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Pollicipes rehexus 606 8 222 sulcatus . 6 606 1,2,' 7 221 Potamides acutus 341 2 53 cinctus 340 1 51 concavus . 4 339 1, 2 50 dubius . 2 147 5 108 duplex . 4 340 3 52 funatus 2 128 64 funiculatus . 2 147 1,2 107 intermedius 147 3,4 107 margaritaceus . 4 339 4 151 plicatus 340 2 52 politus 55 S 75 3 4* 112 Pes-Pelecani .. 6 558 1 109 rimosa 91 4-6 204 * We are indebted to Miss Benett for the correction here pointed out. Page. 219 47 219 213 223 1.77 43 43 224 88 223 10 27 10 65 14 5 9 26 113 114 113 31 176 111 112 28 27 28 25 27 111 177 89 90 92 91 91 91 92 105 103 120 106 105 104 119 120 103 119 104 106 212 95 39 34 160 211 37 139 37 39 211 128 159 38 6 5 79 222 ALPHABETICAL INDEX, 9 Vol Tab. Fig. Page. Spirifer radiatus resupinatus Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Rostellaria Sowerbyi ... * r 4 l 6 349 558 1-5 3 69 5 4 493 325 1,2 151 25 Rotella eompressa .. 1 10 33 rotundatus 5 461 1 89 . 3 273 1-3 129 striatus 3 270 125 polita 285 153 triangularis 6 562 5, 6 120 solarioides .. 3 273 4 129 trigonalis 3 265 117 Sanguinolaria eompressa . .. 5 462 91 undulatus 6 562 1 119 gibbosa 548 3 92 Walcotti 4 377 2 106 Hollo waysii 159 133 Strombus bartonensis 1 34 77 undulata 548 1,2 91 Tellina ambigua 4 403 144 Saxicava rugosa 466 101 Branderi 4 402 i 143 ' 1 16 50 filosa 4 402 2 143 Scalana acuta ■< 6 577 2 149 inmqualis 5 456 2 80 foliacea . 4 390 2 125 obliqua 2 161 1 137 frondosa . 6 577 1 149 obtusa 2 179 4 175 interrupta . 6 577 3 149 ovata ... 2 161 2 138 minuta 390 3,4 125 striatula 5 456 1 79 reticulata .. . 6 577 5 150 Terebellum fusiforme 3 287 157 semicostata -< 1 16 50 Terebra constricta 3 218 2 33 6 577 6 150 lineata 3 218 1 33 similis 16 49 Terebratula acuminata f 4 324 1 23 subulata 390 l 125 (Atrypa...) \ 5 495 1,3 153 undosa 577 4 150 acuta 2 150 1,2 115 Scaphites constrictus . 2 A 1 189 acuta (angulata) 5 502 4 166 sequalis . 1 18 1-3 53 affinis (Atrypa...) 4 324 2 24 obliquus 18 4-7 54 angulata biplicata 5 502 4 166 Seraphs convolutus . 3 286 155 1 90 201 Serpula ampullacea 597 1-5 199 5 437 2, 3 53 antiquata 598 4 202 bucculenta 5 438 2 54 articulata 599 4 204 bullata 5 435 4 49 Carinella 598 2 201 1 15 312 5, 6 47 7 eompressa 598 3 201 4 1-4 crassa 30 73 228 1 5 83 495 6 192 154 fluctuata 608 5 cordiformis (Atrypa...)... 2,4 gran u lata 597 7,8 200 cornuta 5 446 4 66 Macropus 597 6 200 Crumena 1 83 2,3 190 obtusa 608 8 228 depressa 5 502 2 165 Plexus 598 1 201 digona 1 96 1-3 217 runcinata 608 6 227 digona, var 1 96 4,5 218 rustica 599 3 203 dimidiata 3 277 5 138 sulcata 608 1, 2 225 elongata 5 435 1,2 49 tenuis 598 5 emarginata 5 435 5 50 tetragona, a . 6 599 1 203 Fimbria 4 326 27 tetragona, /3 599 2 Flabellulum 6 535 1 67 triangulata 608 7 227 furcata 6 535 2 67 tricarinata 608 3,4 226 Gibbsiana 6 537 4 72 vertebralis 599 5 204 globata 5 436 1 51 Sigaretus canaliculatus 384 115 hastata 5 446 2, 3 66 Solarium canaliculatum .. . 6 524 1 43 hemisphserica 6 536 1 69 conoideum 11 36 imbricata (Spirifer...) ... 4 334 3, 4 40 discoideum 11 36 inconstans 3 277 3,4 137 patulum 11 35 indentata 5 445 2 65 plicatum 524 2 44 intermedia 1 15 8 48 Solen affinis 3 15 Lam pas 1 101 3 228 S'phaera corrugata 335 42 lata 1 100 227 Spirifer Atrypa...) 4 376 105 lata (latissima) 5 502 1 1 65 attenuatus 493 3-5 151 lateralis 1 83 1 189 bisulcatus 494 1,2 152 latissima 5 502 1 165 cuspidatus -j 2 120 42 lineata (Spirifer...) 4 334 1, 2 39 5 461 2 90 Lvra 2 138 2 83 distans 494 3 152 Mantelliana 6 537 5 72 glaber ( Atrypa. . . ) . 3 269 1 123 Mantias 3 277 1 137 imbricatus 334 3,4 40 maxillata 5 436 4 52 lineatus 334 1,2 39 media (tetrahedra var.)... 1 83 5 191 linealus (radiatus) . 5 493 1,2 151 nuciformis 5 502 3 166 minimus 377 1 105 n 438 277 535 1 2 54 137 68 obtains (Atrypa ...) 268 123 obliqua 3 obtusus (Atrypa.,.) . 3 269 2 124 oblonga 6 4-6 octoplicatus 562 2-4 120 obovata 1 101 5 228 pinguis 271 125 obsoleta 1 83 7 192 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Vol. Terebratula obtusa 5 actoplicata (plicatilis var. ) 2 orbicularis 6 ornithocephala 1 ovata I ovoides 1 pectita 2 perovalis 5 platyloba (Atrypa...) 5 plicatella 5 plicatilis 2 plicatilis, var 2 Pisum 6 porrecta 6 Pugnus (Atrypa...) 5 punctata 1 reniformis (Atrypa...) ... 5 vesupinata 2 resupinata (Spirifer...) ... 4 reticulata 4 rigida 6 rostrata 6 Sacculus 5 Sella 5 serrata 5 seraiglobosa 1 sphaero'idalis 5 striatula 6 subrotunda I subundata I tetrahedra 1 tetrahedra, var I triquetra 5 truncata 6 variabilis 6 Wilsoni 2 Teredo antenauta; I person ata 1 Thetis major 6 minor f. Trigonia affinis 3 aliformis 3 angulata g clavellata 1 - clavellata, var. (angulata) 1 costa ta 1 cuspidata 6 dajdalea I duplicata 3 elongata 5 ex centrica 3 Tab. Fig. Page. 437 4 53 118 2 37 535 3 68 101 1,2,4 227 15 3 46 100 227 138 1 83 436 2, 3 51 496 5, 6 155 503 1 167 1 18 1 37 118 2 37 536 6,7 70 576 1 147 497 155 15 2,4 46 496 1-4 154 150 3,4 116 325 25 312 5, 6 8 536 2 69 537 1.2 71 446 1 65 437 1 53 503 2 168 15 S 48 435 3 49 536 3-5 69 15 1 45 15 7 47 83 4 191 83 5 191 445 1 65 537 3 71 576 2-5 148 118 3 38 102 1,2,4- -8231 102 3 513 1-4 20 209 1,2 14 513 5, 6 21 208 3 11 215 27 87 197 508 1 9 87 197 87 197 85 195 507 4,5 8 88 198 237 4, 5 63 431 31 208 1,2 11 gibbosa H r 235 ] 236 | imbricata 6 507 2,3 nodosa 6 507 1 pennata 3 237 6 Pullus 6 508 2, 3 spectabilis 6 544 spinosa 1 86 striata 3 237 1-3 Triton argutus 4 344 Trochus agglutinans 1 98 abbreviates ( Pleurotoma- ria.,..) 2 193 5 anglicus ( Pleurotoma- ria...' 1 2 142 angulatus 2 181 3 Benettia? 1 98 61 8 7 64 10 183 196 63 59 223 212 95 180 124 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Trochus bicarinatus (Pieu- rotomaria...) 3 221 2 39 concavus (angulatus) ... 2 181 3 180 concavus (Sedgwicki) ... 3 272 1 127 dimidiatus 2 181 4 181 duplicatus 2 181 5 181 efongutws( Pleurotomaria..) 2 193 2-4 211 extensus 3 278 2,3 140 y«scialMs( Pleurotomaria..) 3 220 1 37 Gibbsiif Pleurotomaria. . . ) 3 278 1 139 granulatus ( Pleurotoma- ria...) 3 220 2 37 imbricatus 3 272 3,4 127 ltevigatus 2 181 I 179 monilifer 4 367 91 ornatus{ Pleurotomaria...) 3 221 1 39 punctntus ( Pleurotoma- ria....) 2 193 1 211 reticvlatus (Pleurotoma- ria ) 3 272 2 128 Sedgwicki 3 272 1 X 127 similis 2 181 2 179 sulcatus{ Pleurotomaria..) 3 220 3 38 Turbo carinatus (Littori- na...) 3 240 3 69 conicus (Littorina...) 5 433 1 45 littnreus ( Littorina..) ... 1 71 1 163 munilferus (Littorina...) 4 395 1 131 muricatus (Littorina...).. 3 240 4 70 obtusus 6 551 2 97 ornatus (Littorina...) ... 3 240 1,2 69 rotundatus (Littorina...) 5 433 2 45 rudis (Littorina...) 1 71 2 164 sculptus (Littorina...) ... 4 395 2 132 Tiara 6 551 1 97 Turrilites costatus l 36 81 obliquus ( Rostellaria Par- kinsoni) 1 75 4 172 tuberculatus 1 74 169 undulatus 1 75 1-3 171 Turritella abbreviata 6 565 2 125 brevis 1 51 3 110 cingenda 5 499 3 159 concava (excavata) 6 565 5 126 conoidea 1 51 1,4, 5 109 costata 6 565 4 126 edita 1 51 7 111 elongata 1 51 2 110 excavata 6 565 5 126 granulata 6 565 1 125 incrassata 1 51 6 111 muricata 5 499 1,2 159 sulcata 1 39 85 Terebra 6 565 3 126 Typhis fistulosus 2 189 1,2 201 muticus 2 189 6,7 202 pungens 2 189 3-5,8 201 Unio acutus 1 33 5-7 84 aduncus 6 595 2 190 antiquus 6 594 3-5 190 compressus ..... 6 594 2 189 concinnus 3 223 43 cordiformis 6 595 1 191 crassissimus 2 153 121 crassiusculus 2 185 191 hybridus 2 154 2 124 Listeri 2 154 1,3,4 123 porrectus 6 594 l 189 Solandri 6 517 29 subconstrictus 1 33 1-3 83 ALPHABETICAL INDEX 11 Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Vol. Tab. Fig. Page. Unio uniformis 33 4 83 ! Vermetus concinnus 6 596 5 195 Venericardia carinata .. ... 3 259 2 106 | ovatus 1 57 8 126 chamasformis ... 5 490 l 145 1 polvgonalis 6 596 6 196 deltoidea ... 3 259 1 106 radiatus 2 140 5 92 dubia ... 3 259 3 106 tumidus 6 596 4 195 globosa ... 3 289 1 161 umbonatus 1 57 6,7 126 oblonga ... 3 289 3 162 Vermicularia concava (Ver- orbicularis 490 2 145 metus....) 1 57 1-5 125 planicosta ... 1 50 107 uvata (Vermetus....) 1 57 8 126 scalaris ... 5 490 3 146 umbonata (Vermetus...).. 1 57 6,7 126 senilis.. 258 105 Vivipara concinna (Paludi- Venus angulata ( Cypri n a. ..) 1 65 145 na....) 1 31 4, 5 SO cequalu (Cyprina...)... ... 1 21 59 extensa (Littorina...) ... 1 31 2 78 caperata 518 1-3 31 Jluviorum ( Paludina ) l 31 1 77 elegans ... 5 422 3 26 | lenla (Paludina ...) 1 31 3 79 Faba 567 3 129 suboperta (Littorina....) .. 1 31 6 80 gibbosa ... 2 155 3,4 126 Voluta ambigua 4 399 1 135 incrassata 2 155 1,2 126 ambigua var. (suspensa).. 2 115 5 31 lentiformis 203 235 Athleta 4 396 1-3 133 lineolata ... i 20 57 costata 3 290 1,2,4 163 lineolata (Solandri) ... ... 5 422 2 25 depauperata 4 396 4 133 ovalis ... 6 567 1,2 129 geminata 4 398 1 136 parva 518 4-6 32 Lamberti 2 129 65 pectinifera ... 5 422 4 26 Lima 4 398 2 136 plana ... 1 20 58 Tjiictator J 115 1 29 rustica 196 217 l 4 397 134 Solandri ... 5 422 2 25 Magorum 3 290 3 164 transversa ... 5 422 1 25 nodosa 4 399 2 13 5 turgida ... 3 256 101 spinosa 2 115 2, 4 30 varicosa 296 173 suspensa 2 115 5 31 bognoriensis 596 1-3 194 Volvaria acutiuscula 5 487 142 coucavus .. 1 57 1-5 125 * 4 * The names printed in Italic letters are those given in the body of the work but which re- quire alteration. If the alteration be in the generic name, that name, followed by several dots, is placed in a parenthesis ; if it be the specific name that requires alteration, the new name is given without dots in the parenthesis. : 1 . . . 3 ■» 7S < ■ ! • t : '.. I .. . . i ,, • . , — - -r- /_ . ' ■ - • - f. ‘ I 1 - . ■ i ..... , s f « ■ - ..... • < ‘ - .... ... I ' i. - 5 ; o ...... i . ., • • ' ' ' - ’ • 3 . ' ■ - s <9/p. 7 . yent-itis. Z. .. - JVtrrvatfr^&r. ' . . /. 2. 2Vo7^'&t/irr/- . 3 . A. Jpsvwusn-s&b'. 6 ‘/ 2 . Voluha, Wether elljJ h 7- protend ej... /. V7‘ titta. n-(?i?o±'c7 r \ 2 i & - . ., gfMftudlaj&at. * • tTfcraUtz , I PA NO P/E A gentihV. TAB. DCX.— Jig. 1 . Spec. Char. Transversely ova to-elongated, flattened on the sides, nearly even, slender; posterior half rather pointed, the other rounded and ex- panded upwards ; umbones nearly central ; both extremities slightly gaping- ; width nearly twice the length. This resembles P. Basteroti of Valenciennes, which is found near Bordeaux, but the umbones are more nearly central ; it is an elegantly formed shell, and apparently a distinct species. Two views are given of the only valve which has been obtained. It is in the collection of Mr. S. V. Wood, who found it in Crag at Alderton, near Bawd- say, above ten years ago. PANOP^EA Norvegica, var. pana. TAB. DCX. — -Jig. 2, and DCXI. — -Jigs. 1 and 2. Spec. Char. Transversely oblong, compressed, thick, the posterior extremity largely truncated ; surface divided into three parts by two diverging, longitudinal slight elevations; beaks nearly cen- tral ; muscular impressions deep, those of the mantle large, unconnected ; the sinus shallow and not complete. Syn. Mya Norvegica, Spengler Act. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Copenh. 46. PI. II. f. 18. Mya Glycime- ris, Donovan Brit. Shells t. 142. Glycimeris arctica, Lam. Hist. Nat. vol. 6. 458." Lam. Hist. Nat. ed. 2. vol. 6. 68. note. Panopeea Glycimeris, Turton Brit. Bivalves 42. Bean Vol. VII. 2 in Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. 8. 562. P. Bivonae, Phill. Enum. Moll. Sicil. 8. PI. II. f. 1. Smith , Mem. Wern. Soc. vol. VIII. 23, 45 and 49. t. 2. /. 4. P. Spengleri, Valenc. Arch, du Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. vol. 15 and 34. PI. V. f. 3. Var. j3. Nana. Flatter and smaller than a. This Panopaea varies much in form, sometimes being truncated in one direction and sometimes in another, at other times being hardly truncated at all. The var. « is living in the northern seas of Europe*; it is also found fos- sil on the Isle of Bute and at Palermo. The var. /3, which is the one before us, is found in the Red Crag at Sutton ; its small size indicates that it had not been in a congenial situation for some time before it ceased to live ; it is also often variously thickened and distorted, but not so much so as several of the large variety, which occur in their na- tural position in the sandy clay raised above the level of the sea on the shore at Ruduback Farm on the Isle of Bute, where they were found by Mr. G. B. Sowerby in company with James Smith, Esq. of Jordan Hill, in 1838. (See the Transactions of the Wernerian Society above-quoted.) The large as well as the small varieties are subject to a diseased thickening of the shell, and seem to have strug- gled against a change of circumstances, (we can hardly sup- pose of climate,) unless it were an increased temperature, for the species is still found living and healthy in the north- ern seas, where it appears to thrive in deep water, and would probably be rendered sickly by being brought into shallow water, or perhaps by an accession of fresh water. The specimens I have from Palermo do not appear so much diseased ; they were probably more suddenly acted upon. The dwarf variety before us had perhaps been long subjected to such a change as we have spoken of before the disturbance took place that reduced it to the same state as the older Crag Fossils scattered upon the shores where it supported a feeble existence with difficulty. * Shells dredged up on the Yorkshire coast are made into snuff-boxes by the fishermen. 3 PANOPiEA Ipsviciensis. TAB. DCXI. — iftgs. 3 and 4. Spec. Char. Subcylindrical, rather compressed, un- dulated, thin, anteriorly rounded or obliquely rotundato-truncate,posteriorlytruncated, gaping*. Beaks central. Syn. Panopsea Ipsviciensis, Valenc. Arch, du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. vol. 1 . 28 and 36. P. Faujasii, Su- pra, t. 602. Jigs. 3 and 5. This species is justly distinguished by Prof. Valenciennes from P. Faujasii of Sicily, which is a much more ventricose and oval shell ; he also separates it from the shell repre- sented in the upper figure of Tab. 602 of this work, which he has named P. Sowerbyi. If that be really different from P. Ipsviciensis, it will be known by being flatter, and ha- ving the umbones nearer the anterior side ; but it is evi- dently a crushed specimen. Found abundantly in the Coralline Crag at Ramsholt, but rarely perfect; also at Ipswich and other places in Suffolk. The specimen figured enriches Mr. S. V. Wood’s cabinet. In the following list of all the fossil species of Panopsea some errors that have been published are corrected. 1. Panopsea Aldrovandi (Menard). Chama Glycimeris altera, Aldrovandus Test. lib. 3. 473. Lister Conch, t. 414. f. 258. Mya Glycimeris, Gmel. 3222. Chemnitz Conch. 6. t. 3. f 25. Panopsea Aldrovandi, Menard de la Grope , Ann. du Musee , 9. 131. Lam. Hist. Nat . 5. 457. Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. 7. t. 2 ,f 2. a. b. Valen- ciennes, Arch, du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. 1. 22 and 35. pi. 4 ./ 1. a. and b. 2. P. Faujasii, (Menard)- Panopsea Faujasii, Menard l. c. 131. t. 12. Phil. 1. c. 7. t. 2. f. 3. Valenc. 1. c. 13 and 35. Mya Panopsea, Brocchi 532. Panopaea Aldrovandi foss., Lam. Hist. Nat. 5. 457. 3. P. Ipsviciensis (Valenc.). P. Faujasii, M. C. 602. f. 3 4 and 5. P. Ipsviciensis, Valencienn. l. c. 28 and 36. M. C. 611 . /. 3 and 4. 4. P. reflexa (Say). Philadel. Journal ,4. 153. pi. 13./ 4. Valenc. 1. c. 26. P. Americana, Wagner. Bronn. Leth. 974. 5. P. Menardi (Besh.). P. Faujasii, Basterot Mem. de la Soc. d' Hist, Nat. 2. 95. P. Menardi, Dujardin , Mem. de la Soc. GeoL de France , vol. II, 255. Bronn. Lethrea , 974. P. Basteroti, Valenc. 1. c. 22 and 35. p/. 6./. 2. c/6. 6. P. gentilis, M. C. 610./ 1. 7. P. Rudolphii (Eichwald). Panopsea Faujasii, Du Bois Conch. Foss. Wolhyni-podolien. 51. pi. 4. /. 1 — 4. P. Rudolphii, Eichwald , Naturh-Scizse 204. Valenc. 1. c. 24 and 35. jo/. 5./. 1. «. 6. 8. P. intermedia (M. C.). Mya intermedia, M. C. 76. / 1. and 419./ 2. Panopsea intermedia, M. C.u. 6. 211. 2. 602. /. 4. Corbula dubia, Deshapes Cocquilles de Paris, V. I. 59. pi. 9./ 13 //wc? 14. P. Deshayesii, Valenc. 1. c. 20 and 35.pl. 4./. 2. «. 6. 9. P. plicata, M. C. 419./ 3. P. Deshayesii var. Valenc. 1. c. 20 and 35. 10. P. Sowerbyi, Valenc. 1. c. 27 and 36. P. Faujasii, M. C. 602./ 1. 2. 11. P. oblata (M. C. Index). Mya gibbosa, M. C. t. 419. f I* 12. P. gibbosa (M. C.). Lutraria gibbosa, M. C. t. 42. Panopsea gibbosa, M. C. vol . 6. 211. Panopsea Agassizii, Valenciennes , l. c. 31. 13. P. subsinuosa, Valenc. L c. 31. 14. P. Norvegica, M. C. supra vol. 7. 1. 610. 611. 15. P. ? abrupta (Valenc.). Pholadomya abrupta, Conrad Fossil Shells of N. America , v. 1 ,t. 12. P. abrupta, Valenc. 1. c. 28. 16. P. ? margaritacea (Valenc.). Glycimeris margaritacea, Earn. Hist. Nat. v. 5. 458. Clavagella Lodoisca, Caillat Ann. Soc. des Sciences de Seine et Oise, pi. 9. f 9. Lam. Hist. Nat. ed. 2. v. 6. 68. note. Panopsea margaritacea, Valenc. 1. c. 29 and 35. pi. b.f 2. a. h. Of the above P. Aldrovandi and P. Norvegica are also found living, the first in the Mediterranean Sea, and the latter in the Northern Ocean. Three other living species are described besides these. 5 VOLUTA Wetherellii. TAB. DCXII.— Jigs. 1 to 5. Spec. Char. Fusiform, elongated, smooth or very finely and spirally striated ; plaits on the columella about three ; apex obtuse ; volutions elliptical. Syn. V. Wetherellii, Sowerby in Phil. Mag. and Journ. of Science , 3rd Series, v. 9. 463.' A more elongated shell than V. Lamberti, Tab. 129: the pullus (figs. 1 and 2) appears to have been about the size of a small pea. As the animal grows, elevated strias, which are conspicuous on the young shell, cease to be formed, and the surface is smooth and even. Many specimens have been obtained from the clay du- ring the formation of the London extremity of the Bir- mingham Railroad, near Camden Town ; it has also been found atBayswater, Brentford, and on the Isle ofSheppey, but it did not occur at Highgate. Figs. 1, 2 and 4 are from specimens in the cabinet of N. T. Wetherell, Esq., to whom I have had the pleasure of dedicating it; fig. 5 re- presents a specimen preserved by the late H. Woods, Esq., while he resided in Camden Town. VOLUTA protensa. TAB. DCXII. — figs. 6 and 7. Spec. Char. Fusiform, elongated, costated, and transversely striated ; volutions rather conical. The form of the volutions and the costas, which however are less conspicuous on the last-formed whorls, distinguish this from the V. Wetherellii. From the Birmingham Railroad with the last, rare. Mr. Wetherell’s museum. 6 VOLUTA tricorona. TAB. DCXIIL- fig. 2. Spec. Char. Ovato-rhomboidal, transversely striated, costated, spire short, acute; whorls crowned by three rows of short spines ; costae thin, as long as the volutions. This Volute is distinguished at first sight by its sharp ribs, each of which has three very short spines upon its upper part, and by the striae extending over the whole of the whorl. Collected from the clay at Primrose Hill, near Camden Town, with the two preceding species, by Mr. Wetherell : it is rare. Fig. 1. represents a young specimen of V. nodosa, Tab. 399, for comparison ; it is from Highgate, where it was not uncommon. VOLUTA denudata. TAB. DCXIII.— Jig. 3. Spec. Char. Elliptical, ribbed; ribs short, thick, with a short spine near the upper part of each ; lower part of the whorl striated ; inner lip thick, extending far over the whorl ; columella with several irregular plaits. Will distinguished by its oval form, smooth surface and the thick inner lip ; it resembles Voluta rarispina, Lam.; but that shell has longer spines, a less regular form, and is much more strongly striated near the beak. This shell has long been known in the sandstone of the Bognor Rocks ; but until Mr. Bowerbank, with much per- severance, cleared a series of good specimens, it had not been recognised as a species ; one individual, cleared since the figure was engraved, measures three inches long. The same species has also been found at Brentford, but it is rare. YOLUTA elevate. TAB. DCXIII- fig. 4. Spec. Char. Elliptical elongated ; transversely stri- ated,, costated ; spire produced ; the whorls con- vex, their upper parts deeply furrowed and crowned with rows of small spines between the furrows. The elongated spire distinguishes this from all the Vo- lutes which approach it in general appearance. Found by Mr. Wetherell at the Railroad, near Camden Town ; it is rare. VOLUTA Harpula. TAB. DCXI V.—fig. 1. Spec. Char. Ovate-fusiform, longitudinally costated, the upper edges of the whorls crenated ; the suture defined ; columella many-plaited, the three lower plaits large, the last but one largest; aperture oval, truncated at the base. Syn. Voluta Harpula, Lam. Hist. Nat. vol. 7, 3 52. Deshay es Coquilles Foss. vol. 2. 702. pi. 91. /. 10 . 11 . This Volute appears to vary in form with its locality. The English specimens have the costae obtuse, and gradually lost towards the base of the last whorl, while in those from Grignonthe elegantly curved costae are sharp and complete to the very edge of the aperture. The fine striae which cross the ribs are also more conspicuous in the British variety. The lip is thickened when full-grown in both. A rare shell at Barton. I am indebted to Mr. Lowry for the only specimen I have seen. 8 VOLUTA Labrclla. TAB. DCXIV — -fig. 2. Spec. Char. Ovate-turbinate, ventricose, trans- versely furrowed towards the pointed base ; upper part of the last whorl more or less keel- shaped; spire short, distinct from the last whorl, imperfectly ribbed, each rib divided into several spines which are gradually lost towards the last whorl ; columella with one large and several small plaits ; aperture much elongated, 8-angled ; the inner lip tumid above Syn. Voluta Labrella, Lam . Hist. Nat. vol. 7. 858. Desliay es Coquilles Foss. Vol. I. 694 ,pl. 91. f. The French specimens of this species are generally much more carinated than the English ones, but even in them the keel varies in sharpness: the difference between young shells from the two countries is very slight. In the English full- grown shell the keel is broad, rounded and not distinct from the body of the whorl, which is nearly even and smooth except toward the base. The swelled inner lip appears to be an important character. Specimens of this shell in various stages of grow th have been lately collected in Bracklesham Bay, by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. It is a valuable addition to the list of British tertiary Fossils, which resemble those of France. It is ac- companied by Cerithium Cornu-copia, C. giganteum, Ovula tuberculosa, Desk., and many undescribed shells. & /A . /. Voh/ta yAs/ys///sz . 2 /.v/j /■/•///s/ os?s/sr. 4 /rWr/ruj/ff . f 's-sys/ry / 7 / // r// /// /ft . 9 LEPTiENA, Dalman. Objections have been so strongly urged against the name Productus, that we have found it necessary to adopt Dal- man ’s name Leptaena for this genus. It is characterized by the hinge-area in each valve extending the whole width of the shell, and by the margins of the valves being pro- duced together beyond that part of the shell which contains the animal, and bent down so as to form a kind of inverted cup. The flatter (lower) valve has no projecting beak, but in the middle of its hinge-line is a process which nearly fits the aperture in the convex deltidium of the other valve, which slides upon it as it opens or closes; this process is divided within into two diverging teeth. The same valve has a smaller longitudinal septum in its middle, be- tween the muscular impressions. The beak of the (upper) convex valve is in some species produced considerably. All the species have striated surfaces, and many have long- spines, often tubular, on the outside, and numerous little spine-like projections within. LEPTiENA anomala. TAB. DCXY. — -Jig. 1. Spec. Char. Irregularly triangular, elongated, com- pressed, striated; beak very much produced, its sides spinose ; hinge-area large, triangular. Syn. Pinna inflata. Phillips, Geol. Yorks. Part II. 21 L PL VI. f 1. Mytilus striatus. Fischer, Orycht. Mosc. 181. Pl. XIX. f. 4. A very irregular and often distorted shell, with a surface and texture precisely similar to that of Leptccna scabricula and the other species of the genus. Individuals rarely occur separate: they are commonly distoi ted, broken, and imbedded one in another, which i \ ifficult to comprehend. The spines near the hinge are small, they are best defined in fig. a.; their bases are seen on the internal cast (fig. d.). Figs’, bb. are two views of one specimen, which shows the large area beneath the beak, an approach to which is seen at fig-. 3 b. Those found in Russia are often much larger and less elongated, therefore more resembling the ordinary form of Leptsena. The specimen represented at fig. 1 c, is in Mr. Gilbertson’s cabinet ; it is from the mountain lime- stone of Holland. I am not acquainted with the localities of the others. Von. VII. c 10 LEPTAENA analogs. TAB. DCXV.-/g. 2. Spec. Char. Nearly semicircular, with the front either straightish or concave, much depressed near the beak ; both valves inflated towards the front, their margins suddenly deflected ; lower valve flat near the beak; surface ornamented with diverging striae and concentrically undulated ; waves numerous ; hinge-line bent, its area very narrow ; beak pointed, hardly projecting. Syn. Producta analoga. Phillips, loc. cit. 215. PL VII. /. 10. This shell grows much larger than the L . clepressa (Tab. 459) ; its valves are more similar, both being inflated to- wards the front, and its outline more rounded ; otherwise it strongly resembles it. The area between the valves is very narrow. It is possible that it may be the L. rugosa of Dalman ; but the specimens I have seen from Sweden are most like P. depressa , a shell which I believe never occurs above the limestone of the Devonian system. Rather frequent in the mountain limestone of the North of England and in Ireland. LEPTON A distorta. TAB. DC XV.— fig. 3. Spec. Char. Irregularly orbicular, concentrically waved, striated; front generally concave, the margin flattened ; hinge-line straight, its area triangular ; beak prominent. A thicker shell than L. analoga ; well distinguished by its projecting beak, very convex valves, which are not com- pressed near the beak, and its smaller size. I suspect this is P . depressa of Phillips, 215. PI. VIII. f. 15 ; but as he says he cannot distinguish his specimens from P . depressa of the Dudley limestone, I have not ventured to quote his name as a synonym. The specimens fig. a. are from the Isle of Man, by favour of Mr. Gilbertson. The middle figure shows the impressions attributed to the ovaria ; similar ones are frequent in casts of other species of this genus, especially L. analoga. Fig. 3 b. shows the area of the hinge in both valves. It is probably from Scotland. It is important to distinguish the two last species from L . depressa , which belongs to the rocks of the Silurian system, and it may readily be done with a little practice. N ATRYPA, Dalman. Gen. Char. Shell equilateral,, unequal-valved, with both valves convex ; hinge furnished with two spiral appendages, its margin short, arched ; the area between the beaks small, generally convex, rarely flat, with a triangular pit or notch in the middle, closed by a deltidium admitting the smaller beak ; beaks pointed, incurved ; animal a Brachiopodous Mollusk. The shells to which Dalman has given the generic name Atrypa, because they have no circular aperture at the ex- tremity of the larger beak, although in general appearance they resemble Terebratulae, were placed by the late Mr. Sowerby in his genus Spirifer. They form a very natural genus, which maybe divided into several sections. Hisin- ger makes two , — iC Striatae and Laevigatas we would prefer dividing the latter into two, and shall then have three sections, viz., 1st. Not striated longitudinally, and with the edges of the valves on one plane. (Cardinal area none.) 2nd. Not striated longitudinally, and with the front of the larger valve elevated. 3rd. Striated or plaited longitudinally. The first section contains some of the u Spiriferae Tere- bratuliformes ” of Phillips ; the second, the remainder of these, and his u Glabrataa and the third, the “ Filosae ” of the same author. Several species of the two first sections are ornamented with concentric laminae or fringes, and among the latter are some with imbricating scales on the surface. Most of the species have two longitudinal septa in the beak of the larger valve and one in the other ; these are very broad in some of the species belonging to the se- cond section (by which circumstance they approach the genus Pentamerus) ; in others they are reduced to mere c 2 12 lines, with a thick tongue-like process between the two in the larger valve. The small size of the area between the beaks, and the short hinge-line, distinguish this genus from Spirifer, but there is evidently a passage from one into the other; there can, however, be no difficulty in distinguishing the genus Terebratula from both, if attention be paid to the struc- ture of the beaks, the deltidium, the texture of the shell (which in Terebratula is punctato-laminated, — a distinction first pointed out by Mr. Morris), and the general habit. The deltidium in the genus Terebratula is generally formed of two pieces, and always opens at the extremity of the beak, or (as Von Buch describes it) separates the muscle of attachment from the hinge-line of the larger valve, hence the circular aperture ; but in Atrypa, Spirifer, Or- this and Leptsena, it is composed of one immoveable piece filling up the beak, but sometimes leaving a sinus in the middle of the hinge-line. In many species, especially of the genera Atrypa and Spirifer, it is concave, and admits the beak of the lesser valve to repose upon it; in others it is flat. Yon Buch has mixed the species of the genus Atry- pa with Terebratula ; he would have done better to have united them with Delthyris, under which he includes Spi- rifer ; for whenever there is an opening in the deltidium, it is a sinus on the hinge-line, and not close to the apex of the beak, as in Terebratula, which natural genus alone comes under his definition. The flat area on each side the deltidium is variable in size in all the genera which pos- sess it : the species of Atrypa in which it is found have it much less than the width of the shell, and bounded by the curved surface of the beak. In Leptmna and Orthis it is equal to the width of the shell, and occupies the whole inner curve of the beak; a similar but smaller area oc- curs in the other valve. The genus Pentamerus ( Gt/pidia Conchidium , Dalm.) is the most difficult to distinguish from Atrypa, and requires further consideration ; it, however, is perfectly distinct from Terebratula, with which Von Buch 13 has arranged it. But it seems that he has confounded Stri- gocephalus and Uncites of Defrance with Pentamerus, from which they are really distinct, and placed Gypidia (to which genus Goldfuss has referred Uncites Gryphus of Defrance) under Delthyris, along with Spirifer and Orthis. If the principles of Von Buch’s arrangement of the Brachiopods are to be adopted, it will be necessary to place many of the species of his genus Terebratula in the genus Delthyris, and subdivide that genus into Strigocephalus, Pentame- rus, Atrypa, Spirifer and Orthis. Calceola and Thecidea would come well before Strigocephalus ; and Leptaena (in the structure and use of whose tubular spines he has been misled) will follow Orthis. So the section “ Ohne Perfora- tion ” (without any perforation at the edge of the hinge) will be found unnecessary, and Terebratula and Magas will stand together ; this arrangement will be found very natural. I would propose the following distribution of the order Brachiopoda, as an improvement upon that of Von Buch. Brachiopoda. ~Hinge none. Lingula. Animal attached to fo- reign bodies by the edge of the shell through the medium of a membranous tube and ligamentous fi- -bres. With a hinge. Aperture" for the fibres of attachment Terebratula. confined to the beak of the Magas. larger valve. With a hinge. Aperture for the fibres between the • valves. Calceola. Thecidea. Strigocephalus. Pentamerus. Atrypa. Spirifer. Orthis. Leptajna. Animal attached by fi- bres penetrating the disc of one valve. 1 Orbicula. Animal attached by the surface of one valve di- rectly. Crania. 14 Atrypa. Section I. Without longitudinal striae, and with the edges of the valves upon one plane. ( u Cardinal area none.”) ATRYPA pectinifera. TAB. DCXVI. Spec. Char. Transversely obovate ; surface covered with concentric ciliated fringes. The valves of this shell are moderately and equally con- vex, the larger beak is only slightly prominent, and the internal septa are obscure. Very abundant in the magnesian limestone of Humble- ton Hill, near Sunderland. It is one of the Terebratulae spoken of by Professor Sedgwick in his paper on the mag- nesian limestone (Geol. Trans. New Series, Vol. III. pt. I. 1 19), and several other shells there mentioned as Terebratulae have spiral appendages, and belong also to the genus Atrypa. The three middle figures are magnified. ATRYPA expansa. TAB. DCXVI I. — -jig. 1. Spec. Char. Orbicular, becoming* transversely oval with age, convex ; front even ; surface covered with broad, striated, imbricating fringes; beak small, produced, incurved. Syn. Spirifera expansa. Pliill. Geol. Yorks. Pt. 11. 220. Pl.X.f. 18. 15 When the surface of this shell is deprived of its fringes, which it most commonly is, it appears to be concentrically striated : the even, very convex surface and pointed beak distinguish it from At. jimbriata , fig. 4. Abounds in the mountain limestone of Bolland ; the figured specimens are in Mr. Gilbertson’s Museum, except that with the fringes, which is from Ireland ; it is out of a small mass of lime- stone, to which the fringes adhere. A figure strongly resembling this shell accompanies a paper by M. Verneuil upon some interesting Brachiopods of the old formations (in the Bulletin de la Societe Geolo- gique de France , tom. xi. 259) ; but as he has referred it to Terebratula ( Atrpya ) Roissyi , it must be a different thing; the T. has the front elevated ; it is Spirifera globula- ris of Phillips. ATRYPA planosulcata. TAB. DCXVII.- fig. 2. Spec. Char. Pentahedral, rounded, depressed, the middle of each valve longitudinally planosulcate ; surface covered with broad wavy fringes. Syn. Spirifera planosulcata. Phill. loc . cit. 220. Pl. X.f. 15. A species well distinguished by its pentagonal form and waved fringes. The central figure represents a fragment of limestone, upon the surface of which is displayed one fringe nearly perfect, and portions of several others on the edge ; it is one of the most instructive specimens that en- rich Mr. Gilbertson’s collection, from which the other figures were also taken. It is also found in Ireland. 16 ATRYPA oblonga. TAB. DCXVII — fig. 3. Spec. Char. Oblong, very convex ; edge obtuse ; the middle of each valve longitudinally plan o- sulcate ; (surface fimbriated ?) beak small. W E have seen but one specimen of this apparently distinct species ; it is from Queen’s County. ATRYPA fimbriata. TAB. DCXVII.— /g. 4. Spec. Char. Orbicular, becoming transversely oval by age, depressed ; the middle of each valve a little flattened longitudinally; surface uneven, imbricated and striated. Syn. Spirifera fimbriata. Phillips, loc. cit. 220. From the mountain limestone of Kendal in Westmore- land. The specimens do not well agree with the descrip- tion given by Prof. Phillips of Sp. fimbriata \ but they are considered to belong to that species by Mr. Gilbertson, in whose cabinet they are. % ■ ■ ' f • - ■ < J/a/f/? 7*^ 7 AW/. ■■ ' -- tif< ■ t • • ■ .... ' ... v. v- £ %•' ' ^ •:* '• •• ... • • . \ p , ‘A - ^ : - >. .■ . f ?£2 Jftf-rcA /'!* /A’"'/ 6 >£< 9 .. C . C'or///s vel/eii/s. (?■&■ Corel/ //,//// /. 2 . C rz/.//s /Ze/?ereZ/.///.s\ 3 C /Covers e/bre/t/s. C v//r 3/y.rv/n, /Z /SV/. 17 TEREDO Arnphisbaena. TAB DCXVIII. Spec. Char. Valves ; tube very long-, ta- pering, tortuose, strong, smooth, composed of short segments with concave surfaces. Syn. Teredo articulata, M. C.subt. 618. T. an- nularis, Rev. G. E. Smith, MSS. Serpula Arnphisbaena, Goldfuss, Petr. 239. t. 70. f. 16. 1 his is nearly of the same diameter as Teredo personala , but it is much longer and more tortuose ; at the smaller end it generally tapers rather rapidly, and shows but little of its articulated appearance. Our description is necessarily imperfect, for we have not been able to obtain more than the tube, the anterior portion of which is inflated (see fig. 1.). Found imbedded in flint and chalk, with rarely any remains of the wood in which it had been formed. The largest specimen figured is from near Rochester, and is in Mr. Bowerbank’s cabinet. The specimen in flint is 18 also from Kent, where it was collected several years ago by Lord Greenock. The chalk at Guildford and in Norfolk also produces this shell. Goldfuss has it from Maestricht and from Westphalia. I believe the name T. articulata to be older than that given by Goldfuss, and have engraved it upon the plate, but as I cannot find the authority for it, it must be laid aside for the present : specimens accompanied by fossil wood show it not to be a Serpula , but a Teredo. The name Teredo annularis was appended to a draw- ing presented to me by the Rev. Mr. Smith, of the spe- cimen, fig. 1. 19 CYPRINA planata. TAB. DCXIX. Spec. Char. Cordiform, rather compressed ; sides flattened towards the ventral margin ; beaks large, not very prominent ; lunette nearly flat,, imperfectly defined ; hinge-slope flattened, broad ; between the hinge-slope and each side is a slightly depressed area; the principal tooth in the right valve narrow. Ihe length and breadth are nearly equal ; the greatest thickness of the united valves is near the beak ; the sur- face is smooth, excepting near the margin and upon the area on the sides of the hinge -slope, where the lines of growth form irregular furrows ; the hinge-slope is so flattened, that the specimen will stand upon it as upon a base. Several examples of this handsome large fossil have been found by Mr. Prestwich at Basingstoke, and small individuals have been discovered in the clay at Brentford and in Brackiesham Bay. 20 * CYPRINA Morrisii. TAB. DCXX. Spec. Char. Transversely oval or oblongs regu- larly convex, rather compressed ; beaks pro- minent; anterior slope sharp-edged, the pos- terior slope rounded ; lunette sunk, undefined; principal hinge-tooth in the right valve broad. Syn. Venus incrassata. Wether ell, Foss, of the London Clay, 8$c , Phil. Mag. and journ. v. ix. 463. V. Morrisii, ib. v. x. 239. A smooth thin shell of variable proportions, generally oval; the depth of the undefined lunette gives a charac- ter to its form, which when once noticed is easily recog- nized. It occurs in the lower beds of the London Clay, sometimes called Plastic Clay, either in sand, as at Re- culvers, Herne Bay and Pegwell Bay, on the coast of Kent, and at Plumstead, Watford and Reading ; or in indurated sandy marl, as at Bognor, and near the bottom of the well on Hampstead Heath. When I made the alteration in Mr. Wetherell’s list, quoted above, which Mr. Morris suggested, the hinge was still unknown, and consequently I referred the shell to the wrong genus; a number of specimens from the sandy beds and from the Hampstead Well have been since worked out, so as to enable me to correct this error. Figs. 1 — 4. represent specimens from Herne Bay, some of which are in Mr. Bowerbank’s cabinet ; fig- 5, a variety from Pegwell Bay ; fig. 6, a small variety from Boughton, near Canterbury: it is a cast in Calcedony ; many such were found, and some of them contained water. 21 EUOMPHALUS Colei. TAB. DCXXI — fig. 1, Spec. Char. Volutions few, rapidly increasing in size,, four-sided, their two outer sides largest ; margin rather acute. A large shell, concave both above and below ; the aperture is trapezoidal. As I have only seen a cast of the interior, I know not the characters of the outer sur- face ; the substance appears to have been rather thick. Found in black Limestone in Johnstone Quarry, be- tween Finglass-bridge and Glassnevin, near Dublin, by Mr. J. Humphrey. I have applied the family name of the Earl of Ennis- killen to this noble fossil ; not because T think by so doing to fix the name of Cole more firmly in the minds of geologists, where his lordship’s zeal and ability have already obtained for it a most honourable standing, but because I think so rare a shell is worthy of his pa- tronage. 99 EUOMPHALUS Pugilis. TAB. DCXXI. — Jig. 2, 3, & 4, Spec. Char. Concave both above and below ; vo- lutions gradually increasing, rounded, with two rows of tubercles, one above, the other below. Syn. Euomphalus Pugilis, PliilL Yorks. 22h. The volutions of this Euomphalus are somewhat less angular than those of E. pentagonalis , and the upper side is generally, but not always, more concave. The tubercles beneath are sometimes very slightly prominent or irregular, when it approaches to E. hifrons , Phill. loc. cit. 225. t. 13. f. 4, which has tubercles on the upper side only, and is probably a variety of it ; they are both found at Bolland. The E. Pugilis also occurs in the county of Kildare. E. nodosus , M. C. tab. 46, having tubercles on the under side only, may be a third variety; the three do not differ materially in anything but the num- ber of tubercles, which vary very much in size even on the same individual. I am indebted to Mr. Gilbertson for the specimens figured. 23 PSEUDOLIVA, Swainson. Gen. Char. Shell thick, ventricose ; spire short ; aperture large, longitudinal, oval, with a broad, short canal at the base and a narrow canal at the opposite extremity ; outer lip with a tooth on its sharp edge corresponding to a groove around the outside of the lower part of the whorl ; inner lip thick, tumid at the upper part. A genus of shells nearly related to Oliva and Eburna , and of which the typical recent species is the Buccinum plumbeum of Chemnitz. Its most obvious character is the furrow upon the lower part of the whorl, termina- ting with a tooth on the edge of the lip, as in Ancillaria ; a genus to which some of the fossil species approach, in having the inner lip spread over a part of the spire. PSEUDOLIVA obtusa. TAB. DCXXII. Spec. Char. Obovate, smooth, with a few striae below the furrow ; spire short, small, partly concealed by the expansion of the inner lip ; 24 the canal or beak slig*htly projecting* ; furrow below the middle of the whorl. Syn. Buccinum obtusum, Deshayes, Foss, de Paris v. ii. 657. t. 88./. 1, 2. From the recent Pseudoliva plumbea this shell differs in being shorter ; in having the tooth and furrow corre- sponding with it much higher up the whorl ; in the pro- jecting beak, which produces a flattened band around the base, not a furrow, which is made part of the generic cha- racter by Swainson. The expansion of the inner lip partly over the spire is also a remarkable character, which makes it almost as distinct from the recent Pseudoliva as Ancillaria is from Oliva. The surface of the last whorl is spirally but very faintly, striated above the furrow, and has eight or ten strongly-marked lines below it. I have not seen a specimen of P. obtusa from Chaumont, therefore it is possible I may not be correct in referring the English species to it, but it agrees well with Des- hayes’ description. For the discovery of this curious and rare fossil we are indebted to the researches of Mr. Bowerbank and Mr. Edwards upon the beach at Bracklesham Bay ; it has also been obtained by Mr. Lowry from Hook Com- mon, near Basingstoke. The specimens from the former place are commonly much flattened by pressure. 25 CONUS deperditus. TAB. DCXXIII.-^g*. 1 & 2. Spec. Char. Doubly conical ; spire as high as it is wide, acute ; upper parts of the whorls nar- row, concave, concentrically striated, the an- gles of the inner ones crenated ; the last whorl longer than the spire, with nearly straight sides, striated about the beak ; aperture narrow. Syn. Conus deperditus, Brug. Enc. Meth. Vers , i. 691 .pi. 337. f. 7. Lam. Ann. du Mus. xv. 441 ; Lam. Hist. Nat. vii. 528. Desk. Coq. Foss. ii. 745. pi. 98. f. 1, 2. Morris, Catalogue of British Fossils, 143. There are about four striae upon the concave space above the angle of each whorl ; the sides of the whorls are slightly convex. On some specimens there are still visible many narrow bands of colour with equal white spaces between them. The length of the spire is variable, and thus this shell approaches to the next species. 26 CONUS diversiformis. TAB. DCXXIII. —Jig. 3—6. Spec. Char. Doubly conical ; spire half as high as it is wide, acute ; upper portions of the whorls narrow, concave, and concentrically striated ; last whorl much longer than the spire, with straight sides, striated about the beak ; aperture narrow. Syn. Conus diversiformis, Desk. Coq. Foss. ii. 746. pi. 98./. 9-T /um*T -oft 'm/s ■ m. ?7ta£rs. s. 3 to 77 m/t7s/s. 7 2 7t Vo/z/ f s/ Ci&/ia?-a . 4 &S rca7a?7.s. 7&S fca7-a?y.s. 6 dijoa-t/perafi/ . 6 ' 26 \ f/tjll/.i T- o >y . Smrrr/i y/ h/iprrraZi,t, ret/ir/ts. ■ > / ' I ■ l J fo/lado/7/ya foster/ ia. Jan?/*? M 44- / 6 JO. J.Pholadomya virgzilosa,. S.P.Diaeoni.S.I’. rnajyaritcccea.. 4-.P. curutata,. JanJ?J844. / < 731 . 1 . Throe la. pvbejccns. Z.34-. inf lata. Jhn,if Her*-. /. 2. T7zrctcia. ohlata.. 5 sulcata,. ^ prvbesccns, recent . Jon /- rf /,tw 6 S3, Sig / Sj uimiphalu, i’ clausus. ■ Ftg.S-to 7 ' .Euonvphalzui earbonaTVUs, 2 Pug ills var- hifronj. ' <9_/0 CaJpx.. $ depre/sus . May 7 s ? '/(?//,% . 41 THRACIA, Leach. Gen. Char. Valves unequal, more or less gaping posteriorly; hinge without teeth, its ligament attached to a sunken narrow fulcrum, its car- tilage internal, bifid, seated between two thick equal processes or calli, one in each valve ; sinus in the attachment of the mantle short. A genus very properly separated by Dr. Leach from Mya of Linnaeus and other authors. The equality of the processes for the support of the hinge cartilage in the two valves being a very strong character ; near the beak there is a protuberance which may be considered as a rudimentary tooth, and above this protuberance the old shell is usually eroded. It has the strong epidermis of the Myaria and an opaque not pearly substance. The recent species inhabit muddy or sandy shores in temperate climates : a few only are known, and the fossil ones are scarcely more numerous ; they occur in the ter- tiary and newer formations. THRACIA pubescens. TAB. DCXXXL— jig. 1. Spec. Char. Transversely elongated, ovate, con- vex ; surface granular beneath the epidermis ; posterior extremity truncated, the truncation inclined towards the nearly straight ventral 42 margin; beaks central; hinge callus large, triangular. Syn. (Fossil). Thracia pubescens, S. V. Wood in Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 6 . 245. Morris, Cat. 102. (Recent) tab. DCXXXII. f. 4. Mya declivis. Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. no. 15. Maton and Racket in Trans. Linn. Soc.v. viii. 36. Wood, Gen. Conch. 93. t. 18. /*. 2 $ 3. Mya pubescens, Pulteney in Hutchins's Dorset. 27.t.4.f6. Montague, Test. Brit. 40. Turton, Conch. Diet. 99. Brit. Bivalves, 45. pi. 4 .f. 3. Thracia pubescens, Lam. Hist. Nat. 2nd ed. vol. 6. 83. In all the essential characters this crag fossil agrees with the recent shell of the western coast of England; if there be any difference the crag one is smoother and more truly oval, the ventral margin being more curved. Both the coralline at Ramsholt and the red crag at Sut- ton furnish this fragile shell ; it is also among the fossil shells of Sicily (Lamarck Hist. Nat. supra), and I have a young individual very closely resembling it. Some doubts having been formerly entertained of the identity of Pennant’s shell, which occurs in the Hebrides, with the Dorsetshire species, the name of the latter has been adopted, although declivis is the older, and ought in truth to be retained in preference. 43 THRACiA oblata. TAB. DCXXXIL— ^g*. 1 &2, and TAB, DXXXlV.^g. 3. (Lutraria oblata.) Spec. Char. Transversely elongated, oval, convex, surface granular ; posterior extremity trun- cated, truncation longitudinal, a little curved ; ventral margin nearly straight, beaks nearest the anterior extremity ; hinge callus lanceo- late. Syn. Thracia oblata, Morris, Cat. 102. So nearly does this resemble the last that it was not until the hinge was observed that there were good grounds for considering it more than a variety. An outline of the recent species is given at fig. 4 for comparison, the hinge is seen on the preceding plate. An abundant shell at Bracklesham Bay, Sussex ; it is also found in the cliffs at Pegwell Bay and Herne Bay in Kent. The imperfect cast figured at tab. 534 . f. 3 . was found at Bognor, where it is supposed to be rare. The rich mine at Bracklesham, opened by Mr. Bowerbank, has enabled us to become better acquainted with a shell so interesting from its near resemblance to a recent one that also occurs in the crag. THRACIA inflata. TAB. DCXXXI.— ^g.2,3&4. Spec. Char. Ovate, suborbicular, inflated ; pos- terior extremity produced, truncated, with a 44 longitudinal low ridge extending from the cen- tral beaks ; ventral margin arched. Syn. Thracia convexa, 5. V. Wood, Annals, %c. v. 6. 245. (non auctorum.) 'I HRACIA convexa , a recent species, is a convex nearly heart-shaped shell, with a straight ventral margin, and beaks nearest the posterior extremity; but still so much is the shell before us like it, that imperfect specimens may easily be mistaken for the same; and Mr. Wood observes in the i Annals,’ that his “ specimens are compressed and broken ; too imperfect for identification.” Specimens since collected at Sudburn Hall and Ramsholt by the Rev. R. Wilson and Mr. S. V. Wood have enabled us to determine the difference and to give nearly complete figures. A spe- cies more nearly allied to T. convexa is found in the newest tertiary beds of Sicily. THRACIA sulcata. TAB. DCXXXII — fig .3. Spec. Char. Transversely elongated, oval, largely truncated, compressed, concentrically furrow- ed ; truncated extremity separated by an ob- tuse ridge ; beaks rather nearest to the pos- terior extremity, hinge callus lanceolate. The surface of this is composed of granules, like several others of the same genus; it is otherwise so distinctly marked that it is easy to recognise it. The specimens figured are in the cabinet of F. E. Edwards, Esq., who discovered them at Bracklesham. 45 EUOMPHALUS clausus. TAB. DCXXXIII — fig. 1. Spec, Char. Discoid, thicks with conspicuous lines of growth ; whorls few, angular above, rounded beneath, margin obtusely angular; umbilicus small, (dosed over the inner whorls; aperture higher than wide. Syn. Cirrus pileopsideus, Phill. Geol. Yorks, pt. 2. 22 6. pi. 1 3.f. 6. Morris, Cat. 142. A thick shell with a perfectly depressed spire, hence not a Cirrus ; the angle on the upper part of the whorl being close to its inner margin, and the umbilicus too small to show the inner whorls, distinguish it from E. pentangulatus. The only specimen known of this shell w r as many years ago named E. clausus in Mr. Gilbertson’s collection, which is now in the British Museum ; and as it is not a Cirrus I have thought it best to retain that name. EUOMPHALUS depressus. TAB. DCXXXIII.— fig. 3. Spec. Char. Discoid, depressed, smooth ; whorls few, angular above, rounded beneath, equally visible on both sides ; aperture wider than high. 46 A much flatter shell than E. pentangulatus , which it much resembles; it has also fewer whorls. From Mr. Gilbert- son’s collection. Euomphalus serpens (Phillips’ Devon and Cornwall, 94) wants the angle on the upper surface and is more concave beneath. EUOMPHALUS carbonarius. TAB. DCXXXIII. —Jig. 4 to 7. Spec. Char. Discoid, depressed, smooth ; whorls few, subtrigonal, bicarinated ; keels distinct, large, rounded, forming the boundaries of the upper and under surfaces, the lower one widest indiameter; margin convex; apertureorbicular. A small species with strongly marked characters : it is smooth, equally concave on both sides, the lower surface being considerably the largest ; the two keels bound the margin, from which they are separated by shallow furrows produced by the convexity of the surface between them ; the aperture is orbicular because the keels are formed en- tirely in the thickness of the shell. I am indebted for this interesting fossil to Dr. Rankin of Carluke and Mr. Purdue; the following note, obligingly 47 furnished to me by Mr, Morris, contains the necessary in- formation respecting its geological position. Mar / )M4. I 655 / Ser/mZa. arita 2 . J'/p/rus 3, Ili-um », magi i. S. /jlu/tf/ . 5. /JU-siCto 6\ Turbi//rl7u . Mar / /. 6. 247. This strongly resembles Kellia rubra t Turton, {Car- dium rubrum , Montague, Amphidesma nucleola , Lamarck ? Bornia seminulum , Philippi ?) but appears to differ in se- veral characters ; it is more inequilateral and oblique, its lateral teeth are also smaller, especially the anterior one, and more removed from the centre. The Bornia seminu - lum f to which Philippi refers Cardium rubrum , has a larger number of teeth, and is less oblique also than our shell. The muscular impressions are large and ovate ; the pit for the ligament is linear, small, and slopes inwards towards the posterior side. Abundant in the lower crag of Sutton, with the two valves frequently united. 61 KELLIA dubia. TAB. DCXXXVII. — -Jig. 4. Spec. Char. Transversely elongate-oval with rather straight sides, slightly convex, smooth, tender ; anterior side the smaller ; one erect somewhat compressed tooth in the right valve, and one obtuse lateral tooth and one minute central tooth in the other valve, Syn. Kellia dubia, Wood, loc. cit. 247. Morris, Catcd. 89. Externally smooth, with the exception of fine lines of growth ; internally fine radiating lines are seen in some spe- cimens. The muscular impressions are generally obscure, but one specimen shows the posterior one as subovate, the other more elongated, and the impression of the mantle without a sinus. This is the largest species of Kellia we know ; it is subject to some variation in shape, as shown in figures B. and 7 . We cannot agree with Mr. Wood in referring this to Psammotea dubia of Deshayes, because that is a gaping shell, and has a very different hinge. It is more like Erycina anodon of Philippi, vol. i. 13. t. 1 . f. 20, but that is said to have a small, very obtuse sinus in the pallial impression, and is smaller, with the umbo differently placed. Both the red and coralline Crag of Sutton afford this shell. 62 KELLIA tlexuosa. TAB. DCXXXVII.— -fig. 5. Spec. Char. Ovato-orbicular, transverse, convex, smooth ; anterior side the larger ; superior margin of the right valve thin, sharp and flex- uose. One central tooth in the right valve and two in the other. Lateral teeth obsolete. Syn. Rellia flexuosa. Wood , loc. cit. v. vi. 247. Dec. 1840. Lucina oblonga, Phil. v. i. 34. 1. Loripes ellipticus, Scacchi , Catal. p. 5. 1. Scacchia elliptica, Phil. v. ii. 27. 1. 14. / 8. (1844.) 1 he peculiar folds of the margin on both sides the umbo of the right valve produce corresponding sinuses on the edge of the left valve, as may be most distinctly seen when the valves are together. There are two teeth in the left valve, that nearest the beak being placed longitudinally ; the other is almost at right angles with it and is produced along the hinge-line. The pit for the ligament is elongated, small, and under the posterior portion of the hinge-line. The muscular impressions are large. An abundant shell in the coralline Crag at Sutton, but rarely found with the valves united. It is living on the coast of Sicily. KELLI A cyclad ea. TAB. DCXXXVIL— -fig, f>. Spec. Chau. Transverse, ovate-quadrangular, tumid, slightly oblique, very thin, smooth, the posterior side much the smaller ; one obscure tooth in each valve. Syn. Kellia cycladea, Wood, loc. cit. v. vi.247. Unfortunately only two or three single valves of this extremely fragile shell have come under our notice, and they are not quite perfect. It much resembles a fresh- water Cyclas in general aspect and texture. The square- ness of its form with a slightly concave basal margin di- stinguish it at first sight from every other Kellia. Occurs rarely in the coralline Crag at Sutton. The shells on this plate are all in the cabinet of S. V. Wood, Esq., who has kindly supplied me with copious notes, of which I have gladly availed myself in the above descriptions, adding a few observations in consequence of the publication of Philippi’s second volume since I received 64 Mr. Wood’s favour. It is probable that the genus Kellia may be subdivided, and especially that Scacchia may be adopted by naturalists ; but I have preferred to retain Mr. Wood’s names, trusting to his experience and careful ex- amination of such minute subjects. CIRRUS tabulates. TAB. DCXXXVIII. Spec. Char. Spire conical ; in the old shell the latter whorls are more expanded, strongly marked by lines of growth ; upper part of each whorl flat or somewhat concave, bounded by an obtuse, uneven keel, the lower part rounded; umbilicus very large; aperture sub- orbicular, truncated above ; height less than the width. Syn. Cirrus tabulatus, Phill. Geol. Yorks. 225. pi. 13. f. 7. Morris, Catal. 142. Griffiths, Notice of Fossils of Mount. Lime. 20. Cirrus euomphaloides, Griffiths as above, 20. and pi. 7.f. 4. A rather rugged-looking shell, distinguished from Euom- phalus pentangulatus , M. C. t. 45, by its conical form, rough surface, and great size, for it sometimes reaches a foot in diameter. There is a peculiarity in its structure arising from its mode of growth : additions to the shell are made by thin layers, which are very thin where they line the tube, but instead of being continued far beyond the aperture to add to the length of the whorl, they are reflected against the edge of the lip, and at the same time much thickened, so that it is by the added thickness of each coat only, which however is considerable, that the increase of the lip takes place ; as the layers are composed of fibres arranged per- pendicularly to their planes, a section of the shell across the axis shows these fibres nearly parallel to its surface, or 66 rather diverging from an imaginary central line towards both the inner and outer surfaces, as shown at fig. 4, and partly in fig. 3. When several of the coats are broken off the ex- posed portions of those remaining have the appearance of trumpet-shaped tubes inserted into one another, as may be seen in figures 2. and 3 : a longitudinal section, that is, in the direction of the axis of the shell, shows fibres perpendi- cular to the surface, as round the aperture in fig. 1 : this structure was first pointed out by Mr. Lonsdale, who had a portion (fig. 4.) polished in which the variation of colour assists in developing the thickness of the layers. A similar structure may be traced, less readily, in Euomphalus. The edge of the mouth has a slight sinus, formed by the project- ing keel that runs round the spire upon the whorls ; it is otherwise even, and is continued over the preceding whorl ; it is placed more perpendicularly than in Euomphalus pen- tangulatus ; in old subjects it becomes elliptical and trans- verse. A few obscure furrows may be observed along the whorls, and add somewhat to the rugosity of their upper parts ; the base and the umbilicus are particularly smooth. In old shells septa are formed which separate the smaller whorls, as in many other spiral shells, especially in Euom- phalus. This appears to be an abundant shell near Kendal ; our figure 3. is taken from a portion of one sent me by the Rev. Mr. — Fisher from that place, and several fine specimens from the same locality are preserved in the University Museum at Cambridge. Fig. 1. is from the best individual in Mr. Gilbertson’s collection, at the British Museum ; fig. 2. from Settle in Yorkshire ; and fig. 4. a section made by Mr. Lonsdale of a fragment from Ireland, placed in the cabinet of the Geological Society by the Earl of Ennis- killen. It also occurs in Northumberland and other places in the middle and lower beds of the carboniferous lime- stone. Cirrus acutus, tab. 141. f. 1, is distinguished by the form of the upper portion of the whorl. HIPPAGUS, Lea. Gem. Char. Shell equivalved, cordiform, longitu- dinally costated ; hinge with a subinternal ligament winding up under the umbones, and one obtuse tooth which is in the right valve ; fulcrum of the left valve linear, apparently tubular; a lunette under the beaks. Syn. Verticordia, & V. Wood , MSS. 11 I have ventured to propose a new genus for the recep- tion of a shell I had with doubt placed in the genus Cryp - todon in my 4 Catalogue of Shells from the Crag,’ and to remove it from that genus in consequence of its rugosely costated exterior and its internal ligament. It resembles in general appearance a Venericardia , but differs from that genus in the position of the ligament and the want of so- lidity about the hinge. It is further characterized by the short fulcrum or portion of the hinge (in the left valve) with a circular perforation or opening (at its extremity), into which the ligament appears to have entered laterally from the posterior side : there is a prominent obtuse tooth in the riglit valve, with a sort of notch in the opposing one for its reception ; beneath the umbones is a deep semicir- cular lunette, particularly marked in the left valve; one ovate muscular impression is seen in the anterior side, the second impression is indistinct, the interior is smooth and nacreous.” 44 The generic name is one of the synonyms of the God- dess of Beauty, and is also appropriate from the elegant curvature of this cordiform shell.” The above description was drawn up by Mr. S. V. Wood previous to the publication of the second volume of the Enumeratio Molluscorum Sicilia: by Philippi, where a re- cent Mediterranean shell is described and figured ( Hip - pagus acuti costatus, ) which differs only in slight specific cha- racters from the subject before us ; Philippi has referred this shell to the genus Hippagus of Lea, (Contributions to Geology, Philadelphia 1833 . p. 72 . pi. 2 . f. 50 , Hippagus 68 isocardioides ,) a minute fossil in many respects closely re- lated to it, but said by Lea to be destitute of teeth : as he says nothing about the ligament, but mentions the close ap- proach of its general characters to those of Isocardia , it is probable that the ligament winds up under the beaks as in that genus, and so Philippi describes it in his H. acuticos- tatus. The general form of Lea’s type of Hippagus is very different, but the resemblance of the hinge is great, and he says the edge of the shell is toothed; upon the whole therefore we adopt his genus for this shell, but with doubt, and have made some additions to his Gen. Char, with a view to its including both shells. The name Ve rticordia was hastily adopted on early impressions of the plate from Mr. Wood’s manuscript, but is objectionable, having been long ago applied to a plant. HIPPAGUS ? cardiiformis. TAB. DCXXXIX. Spec. Char. Convex, orbicular, costated ; costae 15or 16 prominent, obtuse, rugoselysquamose, projecting beyond the edge, furrows finely granulated ; umbones incurved. Syn. Cryptodon Verticordia, S. V. Wood, Catal. Ann . and Mag. Nat. Hist. v. vi. 247. An orbicular shell, rendered beautiful by the curvature of its ribs and almost pectinated margin ; internally the ribs are indicated by slight furrows. It is produced by the co- ralline Crag of Sutton ; about twenty individuals, single valves, have been found. Hippagus acuticostatus (Phil. Enurn. v. ii. 41. tab. 14. f. 19.) is distinguished by sharp lamellar ribs, of which there are only 13, not 15 or 16 which our shell has, and by the corresponding furrows within being confined almost to the margin, neither do they project so far beyond the edge of the shell ; in size and other respects the two shells hardly differ. 69 PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance. Gen. Char. A trochiform spiral shell, with an angular sinus near the middle of the outer lip, from which a band marked with lines of growth that indicate the sinus is carried round the whorls ; no beak or sinus at the base of the aperture ; a columella with or without an um- bilicus. A genus of shells only known in the fossil state ; the spe- cies vary much in the elevation of the spire, but are gene- rally short shells. It is named Pleurotomaria , because it bears the same relation to Trochus as Pleurotoma does to Fusus; some of the most elongated species occur in the Silurian system of rocks, others are met with in various parts of the series up to the greensand, where the newest is found ; they are most abundant in the mountain limestone, and not unfrequent in the lower oolite. The following is a list of the species already published under various names in the 1 Mineral Conchology ’ : Helix carinaius , tab. 1 0. f. 2 ; H. striatus , 1. 171. f. 1 ; H. cirriformis , t. 171. f. 2 ; Trochus angiicus , t. 142; T. punctate , t. 193. f. 1 ; T. elongatus , t. 193. f. 2-4; T. abbreviate, t. 193. f. 5; T.fasciatus , t. 220. f. 1 ; T. granulatus, t. 220. f. 2 ; T. sulcatus, t. 220. f. 3 ; T. ornate , t. 221. f. 1 ; T. bicarinate, t. 221. f. 2 ; T. reticula- te, t. 272. f. 2; T. Gibsii , t, 278. 70 PLEUROTOMARIA rotundata. TAB. DCXL .—Jig. 1 & 2. Spec. Char. Turbinate, irregularly striated; whorls 4 or 5, regularly convex; band rather broad, flat, slightly elevated, placed above the most prominent part of the whorl ; base con- vex ; columella solid, cylindrical, accompanied by a spiral ridge ; aperture nearly orbicular. Distinguished from Pleurotomaria [Helix) carinata of tab. 10. and fig. 3. of the present plate by its taller spire, rounder whorls, and smoother surface (see letter a ), but more particularly by the solid columella and its accompany- ing ridge ; the band also is less raised. Fig. 2. is from a younger, smoother, less elevated specimen, but it bears the characteristic ridge of the species. These specimens are I believe from Bolland; they are all I have seen of the species. PLEUROTOMARIA carinata. TAB. DCXL .—fig. 3. Spec. Char. Turbinate, conical, short, neatly striated all over in both directions ; whorls 5 or 6, less convex above the band which is raised, convex and moderately broad ; base convex, umbilicated ; aperture rather angular. 71 Syn. Pleuro to maria carinata, Phill. Geol. Yorks. 226.pl. 15. f. 1. Min . Conch. Index to 6 vo- lumes. Morris, Catal. 158. P. flammigera, Phill.Geol.Yorhs.226.pl. 15.jt.2. Helix carinata, Min. Conch, t. 10. Having ascertained by more perfect specimens that the Helix carinata , Min. Conch., and Pleurotoma jlammi- gera of Phillips are the same species, I have taken the opportunity, while figuring some others of the same genus, to give another representation of that shell : the former figure did not show the zigzag marks of colour which are so remarkably preserved, nor the form of the aperture, which is probably the reason why Prof. Phillips did not think his P.jlammigera to be the same. The outline at the back shows the size it sometimes attains. De Koninck, in his work on the fossils of Belgium, has figured it with its coloured marks, and Gold fuss (tab. 183. f.9.) has given the same shell, but neither of these authors has yet published the name. PLEUROTOMARIA conica. TAB. DCXL .—fig. 4. Spec. Char. Conical, with straight sides and pro- minent convex base; whorls flat above, con- vex below the band, transversely and elegantly striated ; striae above the band very oblique, arched ; band concave, prominent, with a furrow beneath it; umbilicus closed, with a thin columella. 72 Syn. Pleurotomaria conica, Phill. Geol. Yorks. 228. pi. 15 .f. 22. Morris, Catal . 158. T. he band around the margin of this elegant shell is nar- row and so hollow as to appear like two sharp ridges or keels, and the furrow below produces almost a third ridge, particularly in some specimens. The striae above the band are numerous, elevated, slightly curved and very oblique; the striae below the band are equally numerous and ele- gantly curved. P. striata {Helix, Min. Con. tab. 171.) has slightly con- vex whorls, more distant, less oblique and stronger striae, a wider and flatter band, and shorter spire, otherwise it bears a strong resemblance : they both are liable to be va- riegated with dark brown. Found in the carboniferous limestone of Bolland. PLEUROTOMARIA tumida. TAB. DCXL — fig. 5. Spec. Char. Depressed, nearly smooth ; whorls few, rounded, convex above with a slight canal near the suture, very convex beneath ; umbi- licus small with a sharp edge ; band mode- rately broad, sunk; aperture transversely ovate. Syn. P. tumida, Phill. Geol. Yorks. 226. pi. 15. f. 3. Morris, Catal. 159. Remarkable for the rapid increase of the whorls and the slight depression in them near the suture. The specimen has lost much of the shell, but what remains is of a very dark colour except a white stripe below the band. Sent to me from Bolland by Mr. Gilbertson. 73 SOLEN, Linn. Gen. Char. Equivalved, very inequilateral and transverse, straight, gaping; at both ends ; supe- rior and inferior margins parallel; umbones nearly close to the anterior extremity. Hinge with one direct tooth in each valve ; ligament external, strong, attached to long linear fulcra. Epidermis thick. Muscular impressions two, the anterior wide, elongated, parallel to the fulcrum ; the other submarginal, distant from the beaks. Palleal impression with a deep sinus. Epidermis thick. Animal with the mantle closed except at the extremities. The division of the genus Solen of Linnseus into five genera, and the discovery of several species in a fossil state of four of the genera, have rendered it necessary to give an amended generic character. Amidst the various opinions as to the number of genera into which it should be divided, the sepa- ration of all those shells whose umbones are not quite late- ral is most general ; and next, the presence of lateral teeth in the hinge is allowed as sufficient to distinguish another group, which is however very artificial, and the genus Solen is thus limited as in the above Gen. Char.; but it may hereafter be further divided into two subgenera, one of them being characterized by a longitudinal furrow near the anterior margin, which the other does not possess. The 74 fossils we are about to describe belong to the first divi- sion. This shell affords an excellent example of a continuous line of muscular impressions from the beaks along the line of attachment of the mantle, forming a complete circuit; they are very strong at the anterior edge, where they sup- port the powerful muscles of the cylindrical foot, the rapid action of which, when boring down into the sand, has been so often remarked ; the animal is said to descend some- times two feet perpendicularly with great rapidity. There are several recent as well as fossil species, all of which are littoral shells. Solen vagina , Linn., is the type of the genus. SOLEN gracilis. TAB. DCXLT.— fig. 1. Spec. Char. Transversely linear, seven times as wide as long, subcylindrical, slightly curved, smooth ; anterior portion separated by a direct furrow, small but rather wide, its upper mar- gin oblique ; the posterior extremity slightly rounded. This is a pretty shell, much like the Ensis ( Solen Ensis , Linn.) of the British shores, but it is more convex; its generic characters also distinguish it. It is one of the most interesting among the many discoveries of new shells made at the Barton Cliff by Mr. F. E. Edwards. Several spe- cimens were picked up. Fig. a. is an enlarged representation of the hinge. 75 SOLEN obliquus. TAB. DCXLI.— -fig. 2. Spec. Char. Nearly five times as wide as long, straight, slightly convex, posteriorly flattened, strongly marked with lines of growth ; an- terior portion separated by a deep oblique furrow, which is distant from the very ob- liquely truncated margin ; posterior extremity square. Syn. Solen obliquus, Dixon , Geol. Suss . ined. tub • .... A shell well-distinguished by its obliquely truncated an- terior extremity and the furrow parallel to it. The lines of growth are strongly marked, the edges of the laminae being often imbricate ; there are also a few obscure oblique radiating striae on the surface. Discovered at Bracklesham Bay by Mr. F. Dixon and Mr. F. E. Edwards, who have kindly favoured me with specimens; it was abundant in one spot. Fig. 2. b. represents an end view of the shell. 76 SOLfeN Dixoni. TAB. DCXLI.— -fig. 3. Spec. Char. Four and a half times as wide as long, straight, regularly convex, smooth ; an- terior side very slightly oblique, its furrow rather distant; posterior extremity rounded ; fulcrum very long. We have great pleasure in dedicating this new species to F. Dixon, Esq. of Worthing, whose forthcoming work on the Tertiary and Chalk formations of Sussex will bear ample testimony to his zeal and perseverance in bringing to light a great number of new and interesting fossils. The species before us resembles very much the S. •vaginalis , Desh., which is found at Grignon, but that is a thinner shell and has a much shorter fulcrum. ENSIS, Schumacher. Gen. Char. Equivalved, very inequilateral, trans- verse, slightly arched ; gaping at both ends, margins parallel, umbones close to the anterior extremity. Hinge with one conical erect tooth in the right valve, and two compressed erect teeth in the left valve, and an elongated trans- verse lateral tooth, connate with the fulcrum, and the erect teeth, in each. Muscular impres- sions, &c. as in Solen. The presence of the long lateral teeth in the hinge is so strong a character, that we cannot avoid adopting Schu- macher’s genus. We are not prepared to say it is positively a natural genus, but most, if not all, of the species are a little arched, and none of them have the anterior side de- fined by a furrow, which is so often the case in Soleji : these general relations, although slight, have some pretensions to- natural characters; moreover, the long lateral teeth, whose office is to steady the valves when they open, must have reference to some habits of the animal in which it differs from Solen. Solen Ensis of Linnaeus is the type of the genus ; it includes also S. siliqua , and a few others. ENSIS ensiformis. TAB. DCXLIl. —fig. 1. Spec. Char. Gently curved, thin, smooth, con- vex, about four times as wide as long, the two angles of the posterior and the lower angle of the anterior extremities rounded ; the poste- rior portion a little flattened ; the basal edge 78 more curved than the opposite ; cardinal teeth small, lateral teeth more than one-third the length of the long fulcra. Syn. Solen ensiformis, 8. V. Wood, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. v. vi. 245. Jb rom Solen siliqua , Linn., our shell differs in its propor- tional width, which is much less, and in its greater degree of convexity; also in the absence of an angle separating the upper edge of the posterior area ; from Solen Ensis, Linn., Ensis magnus , Schum., in having only half the proportional width. From the coralline Crag of Ramsholt, and the red Crag of Walton Naze. ENSIS complanatus. TAB. DCXLII. — -Jigs. 2, 3 and 4. Spec. Char. Slightly curved, strong, smooth, compressed, anterior side shortest, angles rounded. Anterior hinge-tooth large, lateral teeth less than one-third the length of the long fulcra. Syn. Solen siliqua, Morris, 101. Wood, Ann. and, Mag. Nat. Hist. v. vi. 245. The regular very slight convexity, less width, and the want of an angle to separate the posterior area from the hinge -slope, are marks by which this species is known from the recent Ensis siliqua. Found at Sutton in the red, and at Bramerton in the mammiferous Crag. The specimens figured were in the late Mr. Parkinson’s collection. 79 CULTELLUS, Schumacher. Gen. Char. An equivalved, inequilateral, trans- verse, compressed shell, with slightly gaping, seldom truncated sides. Hinge-teeth in the right valve, two, one longitudinal, erect, the other (posterior) oblique, decumbent; in the • left valve, three, the central one bifid with divaricating apices, fulcrum long, marginal. Beaks distant from, but nearest to, the ante- rior extremity. Epidermis strong. More or less oval, transversely elongated, generally shining, tender shells, with the beaks at about one-third the width from the anterior extremity. This genus includes the shells arranged by De Blainville under the third divi- sion of his genus Solenocurtus, and the first section of his genus Sole?i. But the characters of the hinge are sufficiently alike in all the species we know to connect them, although their forms are various. CULTELLUS cultellatus. TAB. DCXLII. — -Jig. 5—8. Spec. Char. Shell elongate-ovate, with obtuse, slightly gaping sides, smooth ; beaks one-third the width of the shell from the anterior ex- tremity, dorsal and basal margins arched; 80 posterior tooth of the right valve the shorter, notched ; muscular impressions round. Syn. Cultellus cultellatus, S. V. Wood in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. v. vi.245. A. very fragile and rare shell, differing in its oval shape as well as in the form of the hinge-teeth from C. affi?iis, from Solen tenuis of Philippi and Nyst, and Solen jragilis of La- marck, to any one of which it might possibly be referred. We are indebted to S. V. Wood, Esq., for the use of the specimens figured. The species occurs in coralline Crag of Sutton and the red Crag of Walton Naze. CULTELLUS affinis. Spec. Char. Transversely elongated with round- ed extremities, compressed, shining, obscurely radiated, upper and basal edges nearly straight and parallel, the anterior margin slightly re- flected and thickened within. Width three times the length. Posterior hinge-tooth in the right valve the larger and flattened. Syn. Solen affinis. Min. Con. t. 3. The larger figures upon this plate are from fine specimens discovered in the Barton Cliff by Mr. F. E. Edwards; in them the edges are so much more parallel than in the Highgate (young?) shells, that they have been thought a di- stinct species, and have received the manuscript name of Bartonensis; however, the lines of growth near the beaks show that the young shell was more elliptical, and there- fore I must suppose them to be all one species. Small in- dividuals have been found at Bognor. The teeth of the hinge distinguish it from Cultellus cultellatus. 644 . / Solecurtiis dnri^ien sis. ± strigillaius . 3 quM drahis n.s. March . MS. 645 j J Salter- dtl. Madri^lctho. 3 Wefhngtim, SPSbanol / . 2 . 3 Astcerte orata, U .6 . AartweUensis March I st iS/ai. acn. Du? 2 IS 4S Strictures upon the commencement of a Publication entitled “ Con - chologie Mineralogique de la Grande Bretagne, par James Sow- er by. — Traduction Francaise revue, corrigee, augmentee, par L* Agassiz.” With a Reply by Prof. Agassiz, and a Letter from Mr. J. D. C. Sowerby. {From the MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HIS TORY, New Series, 1839, j?. 254.)* Some numbers of a work have, within the last few days, come under our notice, the publication of which we see with no small share of sur- prise, mingled with a feeling not far short of indignation. The covers bear the following indication of their contents. — •“ Conchologie Minera- logique de la Grande Bretagne, par James Sowerby. — Traduction Fran- caise revue, corrigee, augmentee, par L. Agassiz.” A French version of the text of Mr. Sowerby’s Fossil Conchology, with coloured imita- tions of the accompanying figures, and this published at one fourth the cost of the original work, is about the last thing we should have looked for from the hands of Louis Agassiz. The illustrations, for the most part, are but sorry imitations, though sufficiently characteristic to serve for the identification of the species, and thus check at least the foreign demand for a work, upon which so many years of toil have been expended. As a set-off against this undue appropriation of the labours „of another, — this inroad upon the property of a fellow-labourer in the field of science, we are told that “ l’utilite d’une edition Francaise du Mineral Concho- logy, mise a la portee de toutes les bourses devant etre incontestable aux yeux de tous ceux qui favorisent les progres de la Geologie.” Now if some noble patroniser of science in this country, acting un- der a belief that an English translation of the ‘Poissons Fossiles,’ with a fac-simile of the numerous illustrations, if published at ten shil- lings each part, instead of thirty, would be very acceptable to all those who are favourable to the progress of Geology, either by the aid of a government grant, or from his own private resources, were to carry this * Prof. Agassiz having sent out with the last livraison of his ‘ Poissons Fossiles’ copies of his answer to the Remarks in the Magazine of Natu- ral History, the Editor has in consequence struck off copies of the entire discussion for distribution. — E d. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 LETTER FROM PROF. AGASSIZ idea into execution, tlie “ utilite ” of sucli an edition would, in this case, be equally incontestable, and probably no one would be better able to appreciate its value than Louis Agassiz himself. We believe the num- ber of copies of Agassiz’ work sold in this country exceeds one hundred, and were this demand supplanted by an English translation, we would not venture to predict how many more livraisons of the ‘ Poissons Fos- siles’ would be forthcoming. Of this we feel satisfied, that the Fossil Concliology would never have been undertaken, if its authors (the Messrs. Sowerby) had anticipated such a course as that pursued in the present instance by Agassiz ; and if his first speculation succeed, we suppose he will follow it up with a regular system of piracy upon the literary productions of English naturalists. Personal knowledge, and a feeling of respect for the proud position in the zoological world occupied by the author of the ‘ Poissons Fossiles’ make us, on the present occasion, most reluctant censurers. — Agassiz has met with the most cordial support on all sides, and in various ways, from the cultivators of science in this country; and although it may appear harsh thus to express ourselves, we do not hesitate openly to de- clare ,our conviction, that in editing a transcript in the French language of the ‘ Mineral Concliology of Great Britain,’ its author cannot be said to have really promoted the objects of science, still less to have added to his own reputation. Letter from Prof. Agassiz on the subject of the French Edition of the ‘ Mineral Concliology of Great Britain.’* Neuchatel, Mai 15, 1839. Monsieur, Je viens de lire dans votre journal (N. 29) une incrimination odieuse de la part que j’ai prise a la publication que fait dans ce moment M. Nicolet, d’une edition a bon mar- che de la ‘ Conchyliologie Mineralogique ’ de J. Sowerby.—- Rien ne me paroitroit mieux merite que les reproches qui m’y sont addresses, si les assertions et les insinuations que renferme cet article n’etoient d’un bout a 1’autre perfidesou mensongeres. Puisque vous avez accueilli cette accusation dans votre journal, j’attends de votre loyaute que vous y in- sererez ma 'justification dans votre plus prochain No. Malgre V immense importance de l’ouvrage de Sowerby sui- tes fossiles d’Angleterre, cette publication n’ a pu trouver qu’ * Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. iii. n. s. p. 356. ON THE TRANSLATION OF MINERAL CONCIiOLOGY. 3 un petit nombre d 1 acquereurs sur le continent. Aussi le con- naissance que j’ai des etablissements scientifiques des locali- tes les plus importants d’ Europe m’a telle donne la certitude qu’une edition Francoise ou Allemande de cet ouvrage, si elle pouvoit etre publiee a meilleur marche que 1’ original, seroit un veitable service rendu a la science, sans nuire en aucun facon d V edition originate , qui s’est surtout ecoulees en pays Anglois. N’y auroit-il pas des lors mauvaise foi a representer line pareille publication comme une piraterie systematique ? comme si des traductions d’ouvrages scienti- fiques ne se feroient pastous les jours au gre des auteurs, et a plus fort raison apres leui' mort ! et comme si, en fesant ce que vous, auteur d’un journal scientifique, vous devez savoir etre de bon droit, je devois causer la mine des heri tiers de Sowerby, en les privant du benefice d’une publication dont ils disposent depuis plus de quinze ans, et qui est terminee depuis dix, apres avoir regu deux volumes posthumes. Mais il y a plus, lorsque j’ai engage un lithographe d’ici, — M. Nicolet, — a faire un Sowerby a bon marclie, je lui ai fourni gratuitement la traduction du texte, enrichie de nombreuses additions et corrections. II est done absolument faux de dire que l’edition Francoise de Sowerby, dont il s’agit, n’est qu’ une mauvaise contrefagon des planches de l’ouvrage Anglois, accompagnee d’une simple translation du texte. Je n’aurois jamais prete mon nom a une pareille machination. Je dois done trouver bien etrange la conduite d’un editeur d’un jour- nal scientifique qui accueille sans examen de pareilles calom- nies, et je declare positivement mensongeres les insinuations que j’aurois entrepris, ou fait entreprendse, cette publication dans le but d’en faire une affaire de lucre. Au contraire,il n’en a ete tire que 300 exemplaires, et j’ai mit a l’editeur pour prix de ma participation, la condition que l’ouvrage ne seroit pas vendu au-dessus du prix necessaire pour couvrir les fraix de publication. J e proteste en outre n’avoir eu aucune intention de nuire aux editeurs de l’edition originale ; si j’en ai envoye quelques exemplaires en Angleterre, e’est uniquement afin que mes amis scientifiques puissent prendre connaissance des nombreuses additions que j’ai faite a ma traduction. Tout ce- ci prouve, que dans cette circonstance, comme toujours, j’ai agi uniquement dans l’interet de la science. Un illustre geo- logue Anglois pourroit au besoin rapporter ce que je lui ai dit a ce sujet, avant de m’occuper de cette traduction. Ceci m’amene a vous faire encore une observation. J’ap- prends que pour user de represailles envers moi, (comme si j’avois commis des liostilites), il se preparoit une souscription pour favoriser une contrefagon de nies ‘Poissons Fossiles,’ ac- 4 LETTER FROM PROF. AGASSIZ compagnee dime traduction Anglaise du texte, qui puisse etre publiee a 10s. lalivraison, au lieu de 80s. Permettez-moi de vous dire ma fagon de penser a ce sujet. Si le fait est vrai, j’envisagerois cet acte, en tant que represaille, comme tout ce que Ton pourroit imaginer de plus perfide et indigne de tout homme qui se respecte ; mais si la chose n’avoit lieu que dans un but d’utilite, je declare aussi franchement que j’appelerois la reussite de tons mes vceux, esperant voir par la mon ou- trage passer entre les mains de quelques cents personnes qui n’auroient peut-etre pas pu l’acquerir au prix de souscription. Depuis le nombre de mes souscripteurs m’est approximati Ye- men t connu, je n’ai fait tirer qu’un petit nombre d’exemplaires en sus ; mon edition sera done epuisee avant q’une pareille con- trefagon puisse etre terminee, et comme j’ai detruis les gra- vures de mes planches, dans aucun temps je ne serai curieux de refaire une edition d’un ouvrage qui n’a ete pour moi qu’une source intarissable de desagremens et de sacrifices, quelques jouissanees intellectuelles qu’il m’ait procure. Si done l’idee dime edition a bon marche de mes 4 Poissons Fos- siles’ n’est pas une mauvaise plaisanterie, je desirerais seri- eusement connoitre les personnes qui veulent s’en charger; j’aurois, j’en suis certain, plusieurs bons conseils a leur donner, afin de contribuer a leur faire atteindre plus facilement leur but, qui doit etre, je le pense du moins, de repair dre un ou- vrage envisage comme utile, et non pas uniquement de me nuire. D’ailleurs, mon ouvrage sera completement acheve dans un an, avec le 15me livraison que j’espere publier a Paques pro chain; et je m’estimerais heureux de le voir tra- duit et reproduit sous quelle forme que ce soit. Esperant que vous voudrez bien inserer le contenu de ma lettre au complet en le traduisant litteralement, j’ai I’honneur de vous prevenir que j’en expedie quelques copies a plusieurs de mes amis. Yeuillez agreer, Monsieur, L’assurance de ma consideration distinguee, L. Agassiz. [translation.] Neuchatel, May 15, 1839. SIR, I have just read in tlie 29tli numher of your Journal an in- vidious crimination of the part which I have taken in the cheap edition of Sowerhy’s Min. Conchology, now in course of publication by M. Nicolet. ON THE TRANSLATION OF MINERAL CONCHOLOC4Y. O Nothing would he more richly merited than the strictures which are there passed upon me, were it not that the assertions and insinuations which the article contains are altogether malicious and without foundation. As you have brought forward this accusation in your journal, I expect from your sense of honour that you will give publicity to my justification in your forthcoming number. Notwithstanding the great importance of Mr. Sowerby’s work on the Fossils of England, this publication has met with but few purchasers on the continent ; and the knowledge which I possess of the most important European Scientific Institutions, has assured me that a French or German edition of the work, published at a lower price, would be rendering a real service to Science, without in any way proving injurious to the original edition, for which the principal demand is in England. Would it then not be unfair to represent such a publication as a systematic piracy ; as though translations of scientific works were not being made every day with the consent of authors, and with still greater reason after their death ; and as if in doing that, which you, as the conductor of a scientific journal, ought to know I am justified in, I am likely to injure the family of Mr. Sowerby in depriving them of the benefit of a publication of which they have had the disposal for more than fifteen years, and which has been com- pleted ten years, after the addition of two posthumous volumes ? But in addition to this, when I agreed with a lithographer, M. Nicolet, to bring out a cheap Sowerby, I gratuitously furnished him with a translation of the text, enriched with numerous additions and corrections. It is then altogether untrue to say that the edition in question is but a sorry imitation of the plates of the English work accompanied by a mere translation of the text. I should never have lent my name to such a machination. It appears to me therefore, very strange conduct in the Editor of a scientific journal to give, without examination, publicity to such calumnies ; and I affirm that the insinuation of my having entered upon this undertaking with a view to pecuniary emolument, to be altogether unfounded. On the contrary, only 300 copies have been struck off, and I agreed with the Edi- tor as the price of my participation in it, that the work should not be sold at a sum above that necessary to cover the expense of its publication. I protest also, that I had not the least intention of injuring the Editor of the original edition : if I have dispatched some copies to England it has been with the view of letting my scientific friends see the number of additions and corrections which I have incorporated in my translation. All this proves that in the present instance, as always, I have only acted from a regard to the interests of science. An illustrious English geologist can, if required, re- late what I said to him on this subject before I occupied myself with the translation. This leads me to make one other remark to you. I understand, that by way of reprisal, as though I had committed hostilities, there is in prepa- ration a subscription to bring out a reprint of my Fossil Fishes, with an English translation of the text, at 10s. a livraison instead of 30s. Permit me to tell you my notions upon this subject. If the fact be true, and I am to regard this act in the light of a reprisal, I must deem it most perfidious and disreputable ; but if the thing be only undertaken as a matter of uti- lity, I declare with the same frankness, that I shall be gratified, hoping thus, to see my work pass into the hands of some hundreds of persons who would not perhaps be able to obtain it at the original subscription price. As I have now pretty well ascertained the amount of my subscribers, I have only had a few copies struck off beyond that number, and my edition will consequently be disposed of before a reprint can be completed ; and as I have effaced the drawings from the stones, at no future time shall I be de- 6 ON THE TRANSLATION OF MINERAL CONCHOLOGY. sii'ous of attempting another edition of a work which has all along been to me a source of vexation and sacrifice, whatever intellectual enjoyment it may have produced me. If, therefore, a cheap edition of my work be really seriously talked of, I should like to know the parties who are about to engage in it, as I should have some advice to give them to enable them more readily to attain the obj ect which I, at least, think they should have in view ; viz., the diffusion of a work regarded as useful, and not merely an attempt to injure me. As my work will be completely finished in a year, with the 1 5th livraison, which I hope to publish next Easter, I shall esteem myself fortunate to see the work translated, in whatever shape it may appear. Hoping that you will insert the contents of this letter entire and literally translated, I have the honour to inform you that I have sent copies to se- veral of my friends. Louis Agassiz. To the Editor of the Magazine of Natural History. [Observations in reply to tlie preceding letter.] * Our remarks upon M. Nicolet’s French edition of Sowerby’s work on the fossil shells of this country, have drawn forth a reply from Prof. Agassiz, which should have received a place in our last month’s number, had it not reached us too late for publication. We now insert his letter, with a translation of its contents, that every publicity in our power may be given to the vindication which he has put forward. Had the work under notice originated with none other name than those of the printer, pub- lisher, and artist, greatly as we might have regretted, for the interests of science, the non-existence of international protecting enactments, the matter would have appeared to us one of comparatively trivial importance, and instead of advancing anything in the shape of reproach or remon- strance, we should have deemed it the wiser course to have been altoge- ther silent. The name, however, of Louis Agassiz, as the Editor and avowed pro- jector of the reprint, and the plausible statement from a man of such high scientific reputation, that its cheapness, when compared with the price of the original work, must necessarily tend to further the progress of Geo- logy, made us determine, without a moment’s hesitation, on the course which we pursued. For though originating in such a quarter the scheme threatened to be tenfold more injurious in its operation, we felt that Agas- siz was bound by so many ties to this country, that he would probably consider himself amenable to the expression of censure, if publicly di- * Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. iii. n. s. p. 359. TRANSLATION OF MINERAL CONCHOLOGY. 7 rected against him in the columns of an English Journal. We are glad to find that on this head we have not been mistaken ; and we may add too that our expectations have been completely realised, in not even the shadow of an argument being adduced to oppose the views which we put forward, as to the injurious prospective operation of the part acted by Agassiz. He repeats, it is true, the substance of the shallow sophism that we quoted from his preface ; but how does he support the position which he would there maintain, — the assumed “ utilite ” of the measure we condemn ? Three hundred cheap Sowerbys, he tells us, will be dis- tributed over the continent, and pass into the hands of those who would not otherwise have possessed copies of this important work. But has Agassiz so little foresight, — so small a share of penetration, that he looks to this one result as the sole and only consequence of the course which he is pursuing? Can he not perceive that the system which he has com- menced, if followed up upon the strength of his example, must strike at the very existence of a class of works upon which the progress of Geolo- gy is essentially dependent ; — works which convey to us delineations of new forms as they are brought to light in both the past and existing or- der of creation ; — which tell their own tale without the aid of a transla- tor, let the country be what it may to which science is indebted for their acquisition ; but which, from the heavy cost of their production, and the limited class among whom they circulate, require that kind of support which is not restricted by the boundaries of clime or country ? Agassiz has saved us the necessity of selecting an instance by way of illustration. Singularly enough, the same document which contains the attempt to justify his conduct, informs us that notwithstanding the un- exampled support which, although a foreigner, he has in this country re- ceived, by the aid of public pecuniary grants, and that of most extensive private subscription, still that his ‘ Poissons Fossiles ’ has been to him “ une source intarissable de desagremens et de sacrifices.” Surely then this, his own experience, might have suggested to Agassiz the impor- tance of every possible encouragement being held out to the present au- thor of the ‘ Mineral Conchology,’ with a view to the continuation of that work, rather than that the continental demand should, for the future, be supplied by an edition so low in price, that competition on the part of Mr. Sowerby would be utterly impossible. As it respects the minor points adverted to by Agassiz, we shall be very brief. That an English sale of the cheap edition was calculated upon, we feel satisfied, because a large number of prospectuses have been dis- patched to this country, and great pains taken to circulate them ; but whether at the instigation of Prof. Agassiz or his lithographer, we cannot 8 TRANSLATION OF MINERAL CONCHOLOGY. say. The general principle of translating scientific works from one lan- guage into another is utterly foreign to the question, ancl cannot possibly be brought to bear upon those publications whose scientific value is vested in faithful representations of species, fac similes of which can be at any time produced at an enormous reduction of expense below that which they have originally cost the author. That Agassiz is altogether in error on the subject of the relation in which the present Mr. James De Carle Sowerby stands in respect to the ‘ Mineral Conchology,’ is clear from the following passage, which will be found in No. 105. “ To the public the author feels deeply indebted, and cannot refrain from declaring his gratitude for the encouragement bestowed upon a work commenced by his lamented father, and in the con- tinuation of which he himself has incurred so much responsibility.” — - Dated Camden Town, July, 1835.* As to the numerous additions and corrections in the French edition upon which Agassiz seems to plume himself, we cannot give him a great deal of credit on this score, when his zeal for science has not induced him to procure from England such species as are now well known and readily obtained in a more perfect condition than some of the specimens figured in the early numbers of Mr. Sowerby’s work. And upon the subject of an English edition of the ‘ Poissons Fossiles,’ though, as far as we are aware, nothing of the kind is in contemplation, yet if its author really have acted with so little prudence as not to have reserved a supply to meet the demand that must arise when the work is rendered complete ; and never intends, after the issue of his 15th livraison, to resume those labours in ancient Ichthyology which have shed so much light upon this department of science, and reflected so much lustre on himself ; in that case most cordially should we adopt his avowed sentiments, and look up- on a cheap English fac-simile of the ‘ Poissons Fossiles,’ as a matter of the highest ‘utilite.’ *It is hardly necessary to observe that since the publication of the above number in 1835, English geologists have been anxiously hoping that Mr. J. de C. Sowerby would again proceed with the continuation of the ‘ Mineral Conchology.’ MINERAL CONCHOLOGY, 9 Letter from Mr. James De Carle Sowerby, on the subject of the French Edition of Mineral Conchology .* Camden Town , July 27, 1839. Sir, It is hardly possible that I should remain silent after seeing, from the strictures you have made on the French edition of my ‘ Mineral Conchology,’ the great interest you feel in the cause of that class of authors, whose works are si- milar in character to this publication. And feeling practically that unless some protection be afforded them by at least their brother authors, and the scientific portion of the public, they must soon he reduced to that small number who are suffi- ciently opulent to pay for the satisfaction they experience in their own minds, in being able to contribute to the ad- vancement of knowledge, I beg to thank you for the man- ly way in which you have advocated what appears to me to be the true and lasting interest of science, — the encouragement of original publications, in opposition to the specious but fleeting advantages which cheap piracies possess. Such works only tend to convert what would otherwise be a flow- ing stream, into a stagnant lake, by cutting off the springs which had given it life. Mons. Agassiz has, however, proposed to revise and cor- rect the work in question ; a proposal which, if carried fully into effect, would certainly be beneficial to the study of Geo- logy : but in many instances it will be found that his transla- tion perpetuates the errors of the original. The following short history of the work will explain why revision and correction are necessary, and also account for the inequalities (justly observed by M. Agassiz) which occur in the execution of the different parts of it. This statement is not offered as an excuse for the errors, many of which have been corrected in the later volumes, but to show that such er- rors were mostly unavoidable at the time the work was in pro- gress, and also as being likely to interest all who take a part in the discussion you have excited. The first number of the ‘ Mineral Conchology ’ was pub- lished by the late Mr. James Sowerby, in June, 1812, two years before Lamarck’s ‘ Systeme’ appeared. The author be- ing much more partial to the pictorial department, referred the principal part of the text to his two eldest sons (myself and Mr. G. B. Sowerby), while he executed the plates wholly himself: and he continued his task regularly, even during a long and painful illness, until within three or four days of his *Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. iii. n. s. p. 418. 10 MINERAL CONCHOLOGY, death in 1822, when a considerable portion of the fourth vo- lume had been published. For some time previously to this sad event, it had fallen to my lot to describe the whole of the shells, and now I was obliged, in addition, to engrave the plates, a few only having been done in advance by my father. At the conclusion of the sixth volume, circumstances induced me to close the work, with a view to commencing it again in a form more agreeable to the wishes of geologists ; and this intention has not been lost sight of, for a continual expense has been incurred in collecting new materials, and many thanks are due to my friends in responding to my request ; still however the whole of the indexes are not published, and chiefly because I have been induced to give up my time to- wards forwarding the immediate objects of the leading geo- logists of England, by yielding them the best assistance my humble talent would permit. The sale of the ‘Mineral Conchology’ has only been about 400 copies, above one fourth of which number has been sent abroad. The encouragement therefore for carrying on the work has hitherto been not very great ; but your having di- rected public attention so strongly to it, and the anxious wishes of my friends, have stimulated me to determine now upon its immediate continuation, which I hope to effect in a month from this time. I fear I have said too much about myself, but you will perhaps excuse me if I say a few words in reference to the translation. Mons. Agassiz has not always improved the ge- neric characters by the alterations he has made. For instance, under Solen he says, u Car. Gen. Bivalve longitudinale,” instead of transversely elongated. In Ammonites the word “ dorsal” is inserted whereas the siphon is truly ventral ; &c. Neither has he embodied all the corrections given in the lat- ter part of the work, indeed he seems not to have consulted the index in No. 105 in any case. There Cassis is referred to Cassidaria ; Modiola para llela to Plagiostoma elongatum; Helicina to Rotella; Helix carinatus to Pleurotomaria , whe- ther correctly or not, may be a question, but certainly it is not a Cirrus , (Mons. Agassiz proposes to name it Cirrus Sow - erby ) ; Venus to Cyprina ; Mur ex to Fusus ; and Vivipa- ra to Paludina : but Agassiz has introduced several of these alterations as his own . Still, some of his remarks are good, and will not be lost sight of by me. I am, Sir, Your’s, &c. J. D. C. Sowerby. Editor Magazine of Natural History. SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES 9088 01850 69 r S'