2010. Glandulaha gooddingii (Verbenaceae) : Notes on distribution and variation. Phytoneuron 2010-54: 1-9.
GLANDULARIA GOODDINGII (VERBENACEAE):
NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION
Guy L. Nesom
2925 Hartwood Drive
Fort Worth, TX 76109
www.guynesom.com
ABSTRACT
The distribution of Glandularia gooddingii is mapped in detail in its USA range —
California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. In New Mexico, it occurs in Hidalgo County,
based on collections at UNM; records in other herbaria cited in literature for Bernalillo, Catron,
DeBaca, Grant, Guadalupe, Lea, Luna, Otero, Sandoval, San Miguel, and Socorro counties, New
Mexico, apparently are out of range for the species and are either known or presumed here to be some
other species than G. gooddingii. Photos of representative plants illustrate the range in leaf variation,
from coarsely toothed to bipinnately dissected.
KEY WORDS: Glandularia gooddingii. Glandularia pubera, distribution, USA
Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig is a distinctive species of the southwestern USA and
adjacent Mexico, recognized by its coarsely toothed or incised to 3-lobed or bipinnatifid leaves,
prominently stipitate-glandular stems and inflorescences, and large, showy corollas (pink to purple or
lavender with broad limbs). It is known to be native in the USA in California, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona, and New Mexico and in the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora,
and Sinaloa. The distribution of the species in the USA is shown in Fig. 1, the level of map detail
mostly reflecting the large set of collections from ARIZ. The present report unequivocally documents
its presence in New Mexico and notes previous mis identifications from that state.
Distribution in New Mexico.
Glandularia gooddingii was included in the New Mexico flora by Martin and Hutchins
(1981) based only on a record from Dona Ana Co. Allred (2008) has based the entry for the species
on the publication by Martin and Hutchins and on Umber (1979; but the attribution to Umber was
mistaken, see below). All collections in the UNM herbarium, however, previously identified as G.
gooddingii from New Mexico (Bernalillo, Grant, Otero, Sandoval, San Miguel, and Socorro counties)
proved to be some other species. Apart from those putative UNM records, G. gooddingi has not been
otherwise recorded from New Mexico by any of the herbaria in the SEINET consortium (SEINET
2010). A record from Lea Co., New Mexico, vouchered by a collection at Eastern New Mexico
University in Portales (fide Kartesz 20 10) is far out of range and surely is some other species.
Two collections, however, from extreme southwestern localities in New Mexico prove to be
bona fide Glandularia gooddingii: Hidalgo Co.: [Peloncillo Mts.,] Guadalupe Canyon, canyon
bottom, near sycamores and mesquite, 4000 ft, 27 Oct 1957, Harris 44 (UNM); Peloncillo Mts., ca.
6600 ft, 22 Feb 1975, Wagner 531 (UNM).
Umbel' (1979, Fig, 9) did not cite or map Glandularia gooddingii from New Mexico. He
mapped it in southeastern Arizona only from Cochise Co,, including the Chiricahua Mountains,
immediately adjacent to Hidalgo Co., New Mexico. I have not seen a collection of G. gooddingii
from other far-eastern Arizona counties (Apache, Greenlee), leaving Cochise County as the
easternmost known locality for the species in Arizona (Fig. 1).
Moldenke (1963) reported Glandularia gooddingii from an unknown New Mexico county
(Rusby 337, MICH) and explicitly from four counties: Catron Co.: Goddard 825 (UC); Grant Co.:
Ballou s.n. (DS), Maguire et at. 11503 (NY), andMohr s.n. (US); Otero Co.: Cutler 2002 (UC); and
DeBaca Co.: Nelson 11307 (S). He later noted (1980), without documentation, that the species occurs
in seven New Mexico counties: Catron, DeBaca, Grant, Guadalupe, Luna, Otero, and Sandoval. Most
of these are clearly out of range for G, gooddingii and are either known or presumed to be some other
species.
It is not implausible that Glandularia gooddingii occurs in Catron and Grant counties, but I
have not seen any of the cited vouchers from there. The abundancy of inconsistent identifications of
many Glandularia collections, however, and the apparent absence of G. gooddingii in far-eastern
Arizona counties (except for Cochise Co.) at least suggest that the Catron and Grant collections also
may be mis identified.
Distribution elsewhere.
Records included in Fig. 1 for Utah counties are from the Digital Atlas of the Vascular Plants
of Utah (Ramsey et al. 2010). The record for Lincoln Co., Nevada is cited by Moldenke (1963):
Calientes, 29 Apr 1904, M.E. Jones s.n, (POM). The type of Glandularia gooddingii apparently is
from Clark County, close to the Lincoln County line.
A historical record exists for Glandularia gooddingii in San Diego Co., California, as cited
by Perry (1933): "southern part of San Diego Co., 1875, Palmer s.n. (GH). Rebman and Simpson
(2006) included the species in the appendix as reported for San Diego County but unvouchered/
unsubstantiated — this record derived from Beauchamp ( 1986), who noted that it is rare in San Diego
County and known only from a vague locality in the Santa Rosa Mountains (perhaps alluding to the
Palmer collection?). The probability of the occurrence in San Diego County is substantiated by the
distribution of the species in Baja California, where it is documented from within about four
kilometers south of the California border, from there south to the Sierra San Francisco of northern
Baja California Sur (as mapped from specimens from multiple herbaria, fide BajaFlora 2010).
References to the presence of Glandularia gooddingii in Alabama, Colorado, Oklahoma, and
Texas (Moldenke 1963, 1980) apparently have been based either on mis identifications or cultivated
plants, as the species has not. been documented in any recent floristic summaries for those states and I
have seen no evidence of their existence there. The tentative report for Colorado by Flarrington
( 1.954) has been persistent and repeated in various other literature, but presence there of G. gooddingii
has not been substantiated (Weber & Wittmann 1992, 2000; Hartman & Nelson 2001). Harrington's
Colorado record presumably was based on a citation by Perry (1933): "southern Colorado, 1867,
Parry (US)." Moldenke (1963) cited "C.C. Parry 551, in part" (US) from an undetermined Colorado
locality.
Nomenclature.
Verbena gooddingii var. nepetifolia Tidestrom (the type from. Clark Co., Nevada: El Dorado
Canon, 2 Apr 1919, 1. Tidestrom SS35 (holotype: LIS digital image!) has sometimes been recognized
as a distinct taxon but now is considered, here and generally elsewhere, to be synonymous with the
typical expression of the species (the type from Clark Co., Nevada: Keman. Meadow Valley Wash,
28 Apr 1902, L.N. Gooddin 4 (i-ohi^es F liuU'l un? e! GH, US digital image!). Glandularia
wrightii var. intermedia Moldenke (the type from Pima Co., Arizona, holotype: NY digital image!)
also is a synonym of V. gooddingii. Other synonyms are G. gooddingii var. intermedia Moldenke,
(type from Pima Co., Arizona), Verbena verna A. Nelson (type from Mohave Co., Arizona), Verbena
verna var, fissa A. Nelson (type from San Bernadino Co., California), and Verbena arizonica Briq.
(type from. Mohave Co., Arizona).
Variation in leaf morphology.
Leaves in Glandularia gooddingii vary from coarsely toothed or lobed to incised, 3-lobed, or
bipinnately divided — the range of variation is shown in Figs. 2-6. Those with merely toothed to
shallowly lobed or incised leaves are distinctive and rarely if ever misidentified. Those with deeply
dissected leaves may resemble plants of the G. bipinnatifida group, especially in Arizona where they
are sympatic. In fact, evidence suggests that G. gooddingii may be closely related to G. pubera
(Green) Nesom, which has bipinnatifid leaves with linear segments (see Nesom 20 10 for a description
of G. gooddingii and a key couplet that sqjarates it from G. pubera). Both species have short floral
biacts. densely Mipuate-elasidulai calyces, -.holt calyx lobes and bioad corolla limbs (10-14 mm in
diam). Some plants of G. gooddingii. especially among those with dissected leaves, have bright pink
corollas similar in color to those of G. pubera.
Plants of Glandularia gooddingii with dissected leaves are mostly in the northeast portion of
the range of the species, as shown in Fig. 1. The 'nepetifolia' morphology, with coarsely toothed
leaves, is characteristic of most of the Mexican plants. There appears to be too much intergradation
to maintain a formal taxonomic distinction, but the difference is worth further study, especially in
view of the two ploidy levels reported for the species — tetraploid from Coconino Co., hexaploid
from Baja California (summary in Umber 1979).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am grateful to the staffs at TEX-LL and UNM for their hospitality while studying there, to
Phil Jenkins for a discussion of Glandularia gooddingii in Arizona, Jon Rebman for information on
G. gooddingii in San Diego County, to herbaria staff for arranging a loan of specimens from ARIZ to
TEX, and to Amber Schoneman at TEX for the photos of the specimens in Figs. 2-6. The present
study has been supported in part under contract from the Flora of North America Association, in
conjunction with preparation of the taxonomic treatment of Verbenaceae for FNANM.
LITERATURE CITED
Allred, K.W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants of New Mexico, lulu.com
BajaFlora. 2010. The Flora of Baja California. San Diego Natural History Museum, Botany
Department. San Diego, California,
Beauchamp, R.M. 1986. A Flora of San Diego County, California. Sweetwater River Press,
National City, California.
Harrington, H.D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver, Colorado.
Hartman, R.L. and B.E. Nelson. 2001. A checklist of the vascular plants of Colorado. Rocky
Mountain Herbarium, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie,
Kartesz, J.T. 2010. Floristic Synthesis of North America. Version 2.0, unpublished, 11 March 2010.
Martin, W.C. and C.R. Hutchins. 1981. A Flora of New Mexico, Vol. 2. J. Kramer, Vaduz,
Germany.
Moldenke, H.N. 1963. Materials toward a monograph of the genus Verbena. XI. Phytologia 9: 113-
INI 1 1' ■ ... * ,,..*... |Y l ; I U"|
Moldenke, H.N. 1980. A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae,
Chloantliaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid
taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy. Phytologia Memoirs, Vol. 2. Plainfield, New
Jersey.
Nesom, G.L. 2010. Taxonomy of the Glandularia bipinnatifida group (Verbenaceae) in the USA
Phytoneuron 2010-46: 1-19.
Perry, L.M. 1933. A revision of the North American species of Verbena. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
20: 239-362.
Ramsey, R.D., T. Tilton, B.B. Banner, and A. Falconer. 2010. Digital Atlas of the Vascular Plants of
Utah. Dept. of Geography and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan.
n: Glandularia gooddingii: distribution an
SEINET. 2010. Southwest Environmental Information Network. Managed at Arizona State Univ.,
T emp e .
Rebman, J. and M.G. Simpson. 2006. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County (ed. 4).
San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California.
Umber, R.E. 1979. The genus Glandularia (Verbenaceae) in Norm America. Syst. Bot. 4: 72-102.
Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 1992, 2000. Catalog of the Colorado Flora: A Biodiversity
Baseline. Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot. [Revised electronic version, 2000]
Figure 1. Distribution of Glandularia gooddingii in the US A. The distribution continues into Mexico,
south into Sonora and Sinaloa and west into Baja California. Records are based on collections from
ARIZ, TEX-LL, and UNM and from other sources as noted in the text. The record for southern San
Diego County, California, is discussed in the text. Variants with dissected leaves are mostly within
the area bounded by the shaded line (see text for comments).
m: Glanduiaria gooddingir.
Figure 2. Glanduiaria gooddingii, leaves coarsely toothed.
2 3. Glandularia gooddingii, leaves coarsely toothed to incised.
gooddingr. distribution a
Figure 4. Glandularia gooddingii, leaves coarsely toothed to moderately dissected.
Figure 5. Glandularia gooddingii, leaves dissected.
Figure 6. Glandularia gooddingii, leaves strongly dissected,