FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume. Part XIIL pp. 1-240, was published Aug. 1886, » XIV. pp. 241-462 Dee. 1887, Hi » XV. pp. 463-686 Dec. 1888. 3} » XVI. pp. 687 to end April 1890, 3 | /4 45 " /$ f L] FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. BY SIR J. D. HOOKER, C.B., K.C.S.I. M.D., F.R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB, ORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE „INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS. VOL. V. CHENOPODIACEZE TO ORCHIDEZ. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL. LONDON: L REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1890. LONDON: PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED, ST, JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL ROAD, E.C. FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. Order CXVII. CHENOPODIACEJIE. Herbs or shrubs. Z i . Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate. Flowers 1-2- i à , . ers pian small, usually regular, often ‘dimorphic ; brasts 1-8, or 0. Calyr usual 9 -9 free or connate sepals, imbricate in bud. Petals 0. Stamens Ovary 2 opposite the sepals, perigynous or hypogynous; anthers 2-celled. basal o; re , globos or depressed, I-celled; stigma 2-4; ovule solitary, - Often RUN eral ,campylotropous. Fruit usually a utricle enclosed in the ceous, c arged fleshy calyx. Seeds horizontal or vertical, testa crusta- curved oniaceous or membranous; albumen floury fleshy or 0; embryo dizit: ular or spiral.—Genera 80; species about 520, natives of all Three genera of th i À : the Tribe Camphorosmeæ are so characteristic of Affghan or frontier. th vegetation, that they may be expected to occur within the “Indian tubercle} Perianth Camphorosma, wits an unequally 3-5-toothed compressed not Kirit P ; Panderia, with an equally 5-lobed tubercled j ; trilovia with an equally 5-toothed smooth perianth. picnic an Suborder I. C tni th . . CHENOPODIEÆ. Stem not twining. Bracteoles free from 9 perianth. Anthers erect or incurved in bud. g Series 1. Cycro ; res 1. LOBEX. E -like; copious (0 in Salicornia) mbryo annular or horseshoe-like; albumen T . si mila b Euchenopodieæ. Stem not jointed. Flowers clustered, all . » Leaves flat. Stamens perigynous. Embryo usually annular. Utricle circumciss . 1. ACROGLOCHIN. tricle i n I Utricis indehiscent. Perianth 5-partite . Ron 2. CHENOPODIUM, ehiscent. Perianth 5-lobed, base thickered . . 3. BETA. . . btaa Atripliceæ. Stem not jointed. Flowers dimorphic; d in 2 free « e, 3-5-lobed or parted ; 9 usually without perianth and enclosed crustace r connate bracts, except Spinacia. Stamens perigynous. Testa ous or coriaceous; embryo annular. FI. Fi. $ braacteolate. Perianth 3-4-toothed . 4. SPINACIA. Fi cteoles flat, edges united or not 5. ATRIPLEX 6. EUEROTIA. * 8 -bracteoles conduplicate, edges united — . Stem not jointed. Flowers all similar tricle naked or enclosed in adhering to the copious Tnbe3, Ca wT mphorosmeee. or À he enh in ? 0. Stamens hypogynous. umen anged perianth. Testa membranous, ; embryo horseshoe-formed. ‘Sepals s - Utricle crested above . . . + + e * 7. AXYRIS. ; QM of 90. Utricle crested above . . . 8. MicEOGYNECIUM, : B VOL. 2 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) Tribe 4. Corispermese. Siem not jointed. Flowers 2-sexual. Fruit exserted from the perianth. Seed erect, compressed; testa membranous, adhering to the copious albumen ; embryo annular. Fruit unarmed, hidden by the large bracts. . . . . . 9. CORISPERMUM. Tribe 5. Chenoleege. Stem not jointed. Flowers all similar. Utricle included in the usually enlarged perianth. Stamens hypogynous. Seed usually horizontal; testa membranous or coriaceous, adhering to the scanty albumen; embryo annular. Fruiting perianth with simple or spinescent lobes . . . 10. CHENOLEA. Fruiting perianth with transverse wings . . . . . . IlL Kocnta. Tribe 6. Salicornies. Stem fleshy, usually jointed. Flowers 2- sexual, immersed in cavities of the joints or between the scales of a fleshy cone. Testa crustaceous, fleshy or membranous. Seed with fleshy albumen ; embryo semi-annular , e . . 12. ARTHROCNEMUM. Seed exalbuminous; embryo conduplicate . e. 5. . 18. SALICORNIA. Series 2. SPIROLOBE®. Embryo spiral; albumen scanty or O. Tribe 7. Susedese. Utricle enclosed in the simply enlarged perianth. Stem not jointed. Perianth 5-lobed. Leaves linear fleshy. . . . . . . 14. Sumpa. Tribe 8. Salsolese. Uricle enclosed in the transversely winged perianth. Stem jointed or not. * Seed horizontal, Sepals dorsally winged. Stem jointed. . . . Stem not jointed . L] . B . 15. HALOXYLON. 257.055 57550 « .-. 106. SALSOLA. ** Seed vertical. Sepals dorsally winged or not. Seed dorsally compressed. . Stem jointed TP Seed laterally compressed. Sepals not winged. Anthers appendaged . . 17. ANABASIS. eos oe e n n n s. n n s 5. . 18. HALOCRARIS. Seed laterally compressed. Sepals winged. Antherssimple 19. HALOGETON. Suborder II. BAsELLE®. Stem twining. Bracteoles 2, broad, adnate to the face of the perianth. Filaments straight or recurved in bud. Filaments straight in bud. Embryo spiral 20. BASELLA. 1. ACROGLOCHIN, Schrad. An erect, strict, glabrous annual. eaves alternate. Flowers minute, sessile, clustered in the axils of short axillary cymes, subtended by needle- like flowerless branches; bracts and bracteoles 0. Sepals 5, subacute, green. Stamens 1-3, filaments dilated below. Ovary depressed; style short, stigmas 2 subulate; ovule erect. Ufricle disciform, depressed, cir- cumsciss, Seed horizontal, testa black shining, albumen floury ; embryo annular. , A. chenopodioides, Schrad. Cat. Hort. Gött. 1824. A. Schrade- rianus, Schultes Herb. A. persicarioides, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 254. Acroglochin.] cxvit cHENoPoDIacEa. (J. D. Hooker.) 3 Amarantus persicarioides, Poir. Dict. Suppl. i. 311. A. cauliflorus, Link Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 889. A. diandrus, Spreng. Neue Entd. iii. 20. A. persicarioides and A. acroglochin, Spreng. Syst. i. 927. Lecanocarpus cauli- orus Nees Pl. Hort. Bonn. 4, t. 2. L. nepalensis, Fisch. mss. Blitanthus nepalensis, Reichb. Cat. Hort. Dresd. 1894. WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Kashmir, alt. 8-5000 ft., to Kumaon and ? Nepal. KHASIA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.—DisTBIB. Yunan. Stem 1-2 ft. ; branches 0 or short, erecto-patent, strict. Leaves 1-24 in., obtuse 9r acute, lobulate and erose; petiole 3-1 in. Cymes shorter than the leaves, } in. long and broad, branches rigid spreading. Flowers about j; in. diam., green. 2. CHENOPODIUM, Linz. Erect or prostrate herbs. Stem angled. Leaves alternate, entire lobed or toothed. Flowers minute, 2-sexual, in axillary clusters or cymes. Sepals 3-5. Stamens 1-5. Disk 0. Ovary free, depressed or compressed; styles 2-3. Utricle membranous, included in the perianth. Seed horizontal or vertical, testa crustaceous, albumen floury; embryo annular.—Species about 50, all climates. * Scentless or fetid herbs, Sepals 5, herbaceous (not succulent in fruit). mbryo perfectly annular. l. C. album, Linn. Sp. Pi. 219; erect or ascending, mealy or green, leaves rhombic deltoid or lanceolate acute or obtuse, entire toothed or ‘regularly lobulate, upper narrower more entire, sepals keeled covering the utricle, seed smooth keeled. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 70; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 901; Wall. Cat. 6952 (excl. most of C. (= Amarantus viridis). C. giganteum, Don Prodr. 74; Mog.l.c. C. nepalense, Hort. Monsp. - album, Linn. C. viride, Linn., and C. laciniatum, Linn.; Roxb. FT. Tnd. ii. 58, 59. Q. purpurascens, Ham., in Wall, Cat. 6955. ? C. vulpinum, Vall. Cat, 6954 A. TROPICAL and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Sikkim, ascending to 12,000 ft. (wild and cultivated), and in WrsTERN Tree to 14,000 ft. Plains of BENGAL, the GANGETIC VALLEY and the PANJAB, KHaslA Mrs. cult. DECCAN PENINSULA. DISTRIB. Ubiquitous. 1 Stem 1-10 ft., rarely slender or decumbent, angled, often striped green, red or Purple. Leaves extremely variable, in the cult. forms 4-6 in. long, with the petiole cuj] times as long orlonger. Clusters in compact or lax panicled spikes, which in ise forms become thyrsoid. Seeds rarely vertical.—The cultivated forms vary from een to red, 2. c. opulifolium, Schrad. in DC. Fl. Franc. v. 372; erect or ascending, mealy, leaves broadly rhombic obtuse or acute sinuate-lobed ber similar, cymes axillary lax-fld. usually shorter than the leaves, epa? met partially covering the utricle, seed punctulate margin rounded. °9. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 67 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 901. CENTRAL and WzsrERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Garwhal ?, Edgeworth ; Kashmir and Lahore, alt. 6-8000 ft, Clarke. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 10-14,000 ft., "t.50.—DisTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia. ery near C. album, and not easily distinguished in the small acute-leaved om i et by the seed. In the ordinary state with broad openly sinuate obtuse leaves i 18 distinct enough, j 3. C. hybridum Linn. Sp. Pl. 219; erect, nearly glabrous, leaves . large broadly triangular orale long acuminate with 2-4 broad acute lobes B 2 4 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) (Chenopodium. on each side, clusters in lax axillary and terminal almost leafless corymbose panicles, sepals obtusely keeled spreading in fruit, seed horizontal large opaque pitted hardly keeled. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 902; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 68; Fl. Dan. t. 2049. WESTERN TIBET; Ladak, alt. 12,000 ft, Thomson. PESHAWUR; Stewart.— DisTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia, N. America (introduced). Stout or slender, with spreading branches, 1-3 ft. high, odourheavy. Leaves 3-5 iu., almost shining, broadly. ovate, pale green, thin, 3-5-nerved from near the usually cordate base, Clusters large or small. 4. C. murale, Linn. Sp. Pl. 219; nearly glabrous, leaves bright- green rhombic or deltoid-ovate acute sides lobed and sharply toothed base cuneate, clusters in lax or dense axillary divaricate cymes, sepals obtusely keeled incurved in fruit, seed horizontal dotted acutely keeled opaque. Boiss. Fi. Orient. iv. 902; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 69; FL. Dan. t. 2048. C. Gandhium, Ham. (& Chamrium, Ham.), Wall. Cat. 6953. C. Hookerianum, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 68. Uerer Gangetic VALLEY and the PANJAB; Royle, &c. Kumaon and NEPAL; Hamilton, &c. Deccan PENINSULA; at Bangalore, Coimbatore and elsewhere. CEYLON ; at Trincomalee, G@lenie.— DISTRIB. Ubiquitous. Rather fetid. Stem 6-14 in., stout or slender, erect or ascending; branches decumbent. Leaves $-3 in. broad, rather shining; petiole long or short. Spikes sometimes very slender. 5. C. glaucum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 220; branches decumbent or prostrate, leaves oblong or ovate-oblong sinuate-lobed or -toothed very mealy beneath, clusters in short dense axillary spikes, sepals keeled nearly covering the utricle. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 333; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 72. WESTERN TIBET; Ladak, alt. 12-14,000 ft., T'homson.— DisTRIP. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. America, S. Chili, Australasia. Much and widely branched, often succulent; stem 6-18 in. shining. Leaves &-lin., tip obtuse or rounded, base cuneate. Spikes 1-lin., simple or compound; lateral flowers usually 2-4-merous, with a vertical very small seed; terminal 5-merous, with a larger often horizontal seed. ** Strongly aromatic glandular herbs. Embryo incompletely annular. 6. C. Botrys, Linn. Sp. PI. 219; erect, glandular-pubescent, branches and cymes spreading and recurved, lower leaves petioled ovate or oblong deeply sinuate or lobulate upper oblanceolate more entire, cymes short axillary and in long terminal racemes, sepals glandular-pubescent enclosing the utricle, seed horizontal subglobose smooth margin obtuse. Moq. in DC. Prodr. xi. 2. 75; Boiss. FL. Orient. iv. 903; Sibth. Fl. Gree. t. 253. C. ilicifolium, Griff. Notul. iv. 337, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 521. C. nepalense, Hort. Monsp. Ambrosia Botrys, Mog. Chenop. Enum. 37; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 73. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft. PESHAWUR ; Stewart. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 11-14,000 ft., a weed in fields, —DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W., Asia, N. Africa, introduced into America, Very aromatic. Stem grooved and ribbed, 6-18 in. high, stout or slender. 1-3 in. usually oak-like, very obtuse; petiole variable. flowers solitary or clustered, minute. Leaves Cymes short, branched, 7. C. ambrosioides, Linn. Sp. Pl. 219; erect, puberulous and glan- dular, branches strict, leaves shortly petioled oblong or lanceolate obtuse * Chenopodium.] CXVII. CHENOPODIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 5 sinuate-toothed upper entire, clusters in slender axillary and terminal simple or panicled spikes, sepals enclosing the utricle, seed horizontal smooth shining margin obtuse. Wall. Cat. t. 6956; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 72; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 904; Wight Ie. t. 1786; Dalz. d' Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 73. C. vulpinum, Wall. Cat. 6954 B. BENGAL, SILHET and the Deccan; Wallich, Heyne, &c.—DisTRIB. Widely spread in the Old World, introduced into America. . Usually a tall rank aromatic much-branched plant, easily distinguished by the long slender spikes of smallclusters. Wight remarks that the flowers are polygamous at Coimbatore, — P Scentless herbs. Sepals 1-3, succulent, baccate in fruit. Embryo imperfectly annular. . 8. C. Blitum, Hook. f. in Gen. Plant. 52; glabrous, erect or ascend- ing, leaves petioled triangular hastate or deltoid and cordate acuminate deeply acutely unequally toothed, clusters sessile axillary and in termina ealy spikes, perianth baccate not enclosing the utricle, seed vertica smooth margin obtuse. Blitum virgatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 4; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 905; Moq. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 83; Lamk. Ill. t.5; Bot. Mag. t. 276. N.W. Ixpri; Kashmir, alt. 8500 ft. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 12-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c,— DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. Africa. . á Stem 1-3 ft., rather stout, white. Leaves 1-3 in., bright green ; petiole slen er; Shorter or longer than the blade. Clusters i-j in. diam. Stamen 1. See opaque. 3. BETA, Linn. Succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, subentire. Flowers 2-sexual, soli- TY orin axillary spiked or cymose clusters. Perianth urceolate, 5-lobe i cohering in fruit by their enlarged hardened bases. Stamens 5. | fleshy, annular. Ovary depressed, sunk in the disk; style short, stigmas .Stbulate. Utricle adnate to the disk and base of perianth. - See ‚orizontal, testa thin, albumen floury; embryo annular.—Species 2 (or 8), N. Asiatic and European. B. vulgaris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 922; annual or perennial, glabrous, root- leaves ovate or oblong obtuse base cuneate or cordate cauline rhombic ovate oblong obovate or lanceolate, spikes slender panicled, flowers sessile so itary or <-3-nate, bracts narrow acute, sepals oblong obtuse thickened at the ase n fruit. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2.55; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 898; Lam z Encycl. & 182; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 171; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. ^9. B. benghalensis, Road, Fl. Ind.ii.59; Wall. Cat.6948. B. orientalis, Roth Nov, Sp. 181. Cultivated in various parts of ĪNDIA. a tem 1-3 ft., erect, furrowed. Lower leaves 1-10 in., often trowel-shaped; base yecorrent on the petiole, margin waved, upper short incurved. Spikes . Slender ; clusters remote. Sepals with membranous margins.— Beet, 4. SPINACIA, Linn. ;,,AUnnalherbs, Leaves attenuate. Flowers dicecious, ebracteate, males 12 terminal leafless spikes; females in axillary clusters. Mare fl. Sepals 79, herbaceous, simple. Stamens 4-5, filaments capillary. Fem. fl. 6 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spinacia. Perianth subglobose, 2-4-toothed ; fruiting enclosing the utricle, coriaceous, unarmed or with 2-3 dorsal spines. Stigmas long, filiform, connate below. Utricle hard, compressed, adnate to the perianth. Seed vertical, testa thin, albumen floury; embryo annular.—Species 4, Oriental, 2 of them extensively cultivated. S. oleracea, Linn. Sp, Pl. 1027; erect, leaves deltoid ovate acuminate acutely broadly pinnatifidly lobed, fruiting perianths free 2-epinous. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 118; Lamk. Encycl. t. 814; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 171; Dalz. & Gibs. Suppl. 23. S. tetrandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 771; Wight Ie. t. 818; Wall. Cat. 6949. Cultivated throughout Ixp1A.— Native country unknown. The S. tetrandra of Roxburgh is not the plant of Stevens, as M. de Candolle assumes it to be (“Origine des Plantes Cultivée," 79), but the common S. oleracea, which, as Boissier points out, is distinguished from S. tetrandra by the free fruiting perianths. Nevertheless De Candolle's suggestion that the cultivated S. oleracea is a derivative from the S. tetrandra, Stev., which is indigenous in the Caucasus, is a very reasonable one. — Spinach. 5. ATRIPLEX, Linn. Herbs or shrubs, usually mealy. Leaves rarely opposite. Flowers monœ- or diccious. Marr fl. ebracteate. Sepals 3-5, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 3-5. Fem. fl. 2-bracteate; bracts flat, accrescent, dilated in fruit and forming a 2-valved covering to the utricle. Perianth 0. — Utricle at the base of the greatly enlarged and hardened bracts; stigmas 2. Seed erect, or inverse and suspended from the funicle, rarely horizontal, testa various, albumen floury; embryo annular.—Species about 100, all temperate, cool and tropical regions. * Flowers polygamous. Seed of the female fi. vertical, of the bisexual horizontal. E 1. A. hortensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1053; annual, stout, erect, leaves not mealy triangular-cordate upper ovate-lanceolate, spikes axillary and in terminal panicles, fruiting bracts nearly free thin orbicular or elliptic reticu- late obtuse or mucronate. Mog.in DC. Prodr. xiii.2.91; Boiss, Fl. Orient. iv. 907; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 171; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 73. A. virgata, Roth Nov. Sp. 377; Mog. l.c.97. A. bengalensis, Lamk. Dict, i. 276. A. heterantha, Wight Ic. t. 1787. Cultivated in many parts of BENGAL, the Deccan, N.W. Inpra and up to 12,000 ft. in the WESTERN HIMALAYA and TrsET.—DisTRIB. Cultivated in Europe and N. and W. Asia, This, the Arroche, Orache or Mountain Spinach of the French, is of unknown origin, being found only under cultivation or in cultivated ground.—4A specimen of this from Heyne, in Rottler's Herbarium, bears the name A. virgata, thus identifying that obscure plant, which Roth described from very young individuals. ** Annuals, with monecious flowers. . 2. A. crassifolia, C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. FI. Alt. iv. 300; green and hoary, erect or ascending and diffuse, branches white, leaves petioled oblong or ovate-oblong or hastately ovate obtuse entire or sinuate-toothed upper entire often acute, male clusters in slender leafless interrupted spikes, fruiting bracts rhombic-ovate or orbicular herbaceous entire or toothed with a very thick white convex smooth disk and base. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. Atriplez.] CXVII. OHENOPODIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 7 2. 93; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 909; Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Alt. t.42. A. laciniata, Aitchison Cat. Panjab Pl. 125, and Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. N.W. INDIA and the PANJAB; from the Jumna westward. KUNAWUR and WESTERN TIBET, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson.—DISsTRIB. Affghanistan, Turkestan, Soongaria, Altai Mts. . Branched from the root; branches firm, 1-2 ft. Leaves usually small, 1-14 in., pale; petiole slender. Fruiting-bracts very variable, from ovate with a cuneate base to orbicular, 4—4 in. long.—I fear that this is only a dry country form of A. laciniata, L., with white stems, small leaves, and hardened disk of the bracts, which Boissier describes as smooth or tubercled (they are quite smooth in the Indian plant) The name seems a singularly inappropriate one. _ 3. A.rosea, Linn. ? Sp. Pl. Ed.2,1493 ; green, mealy, branches very many diffuse slender ascending, leaves small petioled rhombic-ovate with obtuse sides and tips entire or subsinuate, male clusters in short axillary spikes, fruiting bracts small broadly triangular-hastate or flabelliform crenate thin disk coarsely reticulate or rugose. Schkuhr Handb. t. 350; Fl. Dan. 1284; Boiss. FI. Orient. iv. 911. ? A. tartarica B virgata, Boiss l. c. 910. WESTERN TIBET; banks of Salt Lakes, alt. 12—14,000 ft., in Sassar, Hanle, &c., mMSon.— DISTRIB. (of 4. rosea) Westward to the Atlantic. . A very slender plant; branches 4-6 in., greenish-white. Leaves }-} in., base cuneate. Bracts about + in. broad or long, sometimes sinuate-lobed, subsessile or contracted into a hardened pedicel, —An obscure plant. »* . . . * Perennials, with monecious flowers. 4. A. repens, Roth Nov. Sp. 377; shrubby, white, stem woody pros- trate rooting, leaves small petioled oblong elliptic or suborbicular obtuse, male clusters in short branched spikes, fruiting bracts united into a thick corky obovate or orbicular turgid pouch with thin free tips contracted at the base into a stout cylindric pedicel, disk smooth or rugose. Moq. in C. Prodr. iit 2.99. A. Konigii Wall. Cat. 6951. A. eristata, Konig vss. A. Belangeri, Boiss. FI. Orient. iv. 913. Obione Belangeri, Mog. 7. c. 108. O. nummularia, Mog. Enum. Chenopod. 72. O. Keenigii, Mog. l. c. 109; Wight Ic. t. 1790. TÀ Dzocax PENINSULA, Konig; Tuticoreen in Tinnevelly, Wight. taites.—DrsTRIB. ? Affghanistan, Persia. li Branches woody, 1-2 ft. long, straggling or tufted and short. Leaves i- " ong, thick, tip rounded or retuse, base cuneate; petiole very short. Fruiting-bracts very variable, 1-3 in. long or broad, sometimes compressed, smooth, at others almost Blobose with thick processes on the surface, lips very short crenate. Radicle pointing Upwards.—The Affghan plant has smaller bracts, but of the same corky character, an with thick cylindric pedicels. CEYLON, 9. A. Stocksii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. iv. 73; shrubby, white, branches Woody prostrate or suberect, leaves small petioled oblong elliptic or subor- lcular obtuse, male clusters axillary or in short leafy spikes, ruiting bracts Cuneate at the base only orbicular or broadly ovate and suddenly i ^ Into a short pedicel disk small, lips broad quite entire thin retien A e., n Oo fithii, var. Stocksii, Boiss. FI. Orient. iv. 916. A. repens, 4 Gibs 4. Pl. Panjab 125. Obione Stocksii, Wight Ic. t. 1789; Dalz. jp Gibs. omb. Fl, 919. ` : 4 ^m E; salt marshes at Kurrachee, Stocks, Vicary. GUZERAT; common, Dele. i : . d fruiting- Ti and foliage very much like A, repens, but leaves dor iftihi, Phich oppents ts very different.—Boissier has made this a variety of 4. G 8 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Atriplex. to me to differ in its much larger orbicular sinuate thin leaves, and rhombic fruiting- bracts, which are corky throughout, united to the middle, and perfectly smooth. This is Moquin’s type of Griffithii, so named by himself. Another plant of Griffith also numbered 1751 has very large orbicular fruiting-bracts nearly $ in. diam., with a woody veined disk, the thin margins united all round (like an Alyssum fruit). As for Moquin's description, it agrees with neither of these plants, and it is difficult to account for this, and for his suggestion that A. Griffithii may be a var. of the Aus- tralian 4. Lindleyi. 6. BUROTIA, Adeus. Herbs or undershrubs, woolly or tomentose. Leaves small, alternate, entire. Flowers minute, l.sexual. Mate fl. spicate, ebracteate. Sepals 4, obovate, obtuse. Stamens 4, filaments filiform. Fem. fl. axillary, 2- bracteate; bracts conduplicate, connate with free lips, at length closing over the utricle, becoming coriaceous, veined, villous, 2-beaked, and at length splitting into 4 valves. Perianth 0. Utricle ellipsoid, compreseet, mem- branous; stigmas 2, filiform. Seed sessile, free, obovoid, beaked below, testa membranous, albumen floury ; embryo horseshoe-shaped. E. ceratoides, C. A. Meyer in Led. Fl. Alt. iv. 239; shrubby, hoary with stellate hairs, leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate obtuse floral narrower, fruiting bracts urceolate silkily villous with long reddish hairs. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 917; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 120. Axyris ceratoides, Linn. Sp. Pl. Achyranthes papposa, Jacg. Jc. Rar. t. 189. A. Moorcroftiana, Brown in Wall. Cat. 6950; Mog. l. c. 117. Western HIMALAYA; in the drier regions from Kunawur westward, and in WESTERN TIBET, alt. 8-14,000 ft. Moorcroft, &c.—DisTRIB. Central Europe from Spain eastward, Affghanistan, Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, N.W. America, à A bush, 2-4 ft. high, stunted and dwarf at high and dry elevations ; branches strict, slender, leafy, glabrous or tomentose. Leaves }-1} in., rarely ovate or elliptic, margin often recurved; petiole very short ; upper sessile. Fruiting-bracts crowded along the upper parts of the branches conspicuous for their long silky red-brown hairs å in. long. 7. AXYRIS, Linn. Annual, stellately hairy or glabrate herbs. Leaves small, alternate, entire. Flowers minute, monoecious, ebracteate. Marere fi. in terminal clusters with 3-5 hyaline sepals, often irregularly placed, and 2-5 slender stamens. Fem. fl axillary, solitary or mixed with the males. Sepals 3-4, unequal, at length scarious. Utricle membranous, embraced by the sepals, obovoid, compressed or spherical, tip shortly winged crested or 2-auricled, stigmas capillary very long. Seed erect, obovoid, adhering to the utricle, testa membranous marked with concentric lines, albumen granular; embryo horseshoe-shaped.—Species 5 or 6, N. and Central Asia, N.W. America. A. amaranthoides, Linn. Sp. Pi. 979; erect, branched from the base, leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or acute. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 116; Lamk. Encycl. t. 753; Schkuhr Handb.985», A. hybrida, Linn. ; Mog. l. e.; Schkuhr L. c. WESTERN HIMALAYA; in the drier regions from Lahul to Kumaon, alt. 8-13,000 ft., and in WESTERN TIBET, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Jacquemont, Strachey § Winterbottom, Thomson, &c.—DisTRIB. Turkestan, Soongaria, the Altai, Siberia, . China. Very variable in size, 4-10 in. high; stem stout or slender, Leaves }-1} in, A«yris.] CXVII. CHENOPODIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 9 pale-yellowish or reddish-brown when dry; nerves faint; petiole short, slender. 4. hybrida is, I think, only the longer branched state of 4. amaranthoides. ar. humifusa, Mog. l. c.; very small, procumbent.— Western Tibet, Thomson, Clarke. Topedunga (with Microgynecium), Strachey 5 Winterbottom.—1 suspect ‘that the A. prostrata does not differ from this. There isa fragment of an Axyris gathered in Lahul by the Rev. H. Jaeschke, and described as a garden weed, which has ovate obtuse leaves 1 in. long, on petioles of the same length. 8. MICROGYNESCIUM, Hook. f., Gen. Plant. iii. 56. A small diffuse prostrate puberulous or glabrous annual. Leaves alter- nate, petioled, ovate, entire. Flowers monecious, very minute, clustered, den amongst the leaves. Mare fl.ebracteate. Perianth hyaline, 5-lobed. Stamens 1-4, filaments very long. Fem. fl. 2-bracteate, solitary or crowded, bracts unchanged in fruit. Perianth 0. Utricle hyaline, obliquely ovoid, turgid, compressed, covered with scattered processes, and 1-2-auricled at the top; stigmas capillary. Seed erect, testa coriaceous, albumen granular; embryo horseshoe-shaped. i M. tibeticum, Hook. JF. L c. WESTERNS TIBET; Topedunga, north of Kumaon, Strachey § Winterbottom. SIKKIM; at Tungu, alt. 12-14,000 ft., J. D. H. i Stem branched from the base, branches 1-2 in., slender. Leaves i-i in., green, rather fleshy, nerves indistinct ; petiole half as long. Flowers microscopic.—A very Conspicuous plant. 9. CORISPERMUM, Linn. Annual stiff herbs. Leaves alternate, rigid, l-nerved, narrow, floral margined with white, hiding the short spikes. Flowers 2-sexual, ebracteo- ate. Sepals 1-3, unequal, scarious. Stamens 1-5, unequal. Utricle €xserted, orbicular or oblong, compressed, hardened, margined or winged; stigmas subulate, recurved. Seed erect, adherent to the pericarp, testa coriaceous, albumen floury : embryo annular.—Species 8, S. Europe, N. and W. Asia, China, N.W. America. C. hyssopifolium, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 930; glabrous or Softly hairy, diffusely branched from the base, leaves Jinear or narrowly near orate obtuse, spikes axillary and termina? e or lax, practs th p OS i i Mog. i . Prodr. xiii. 2. ; Sibth, FL Cree tL. or margin white. Mog. in Cam ESTERN TIBET; alt. 10-15,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson.—DisTRIB. S. France, 10. CHENOLEA, Thunb. Tomentose silky or vi erbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, narrow, quire. owers inate, axillary, 2-sexual and female, immersed in wool, *bracteate. Perianth with 5 incurved lobes, at length closing over the utricle, with the lobes usually tubercled or spinous at the back. Stamens 5. sti ricte membranous, included in the crustaceous or coriaceous perianth ; igmas 2-3, capillary. Seed orbicular, horizontal, testa thin, albumen 10 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Chenolea. scanty; embryo annular.—Species 20, S. Europe, N. Africa, Temp. Asia, Australia, with one N. American and one S. African. 1. C. divaricata, Hook. f.; annual, erect, excessively branched from the base and upwards, softly rufous villous, leaves linear obtuse, fruiting perianth with 5 acute dorsal straight spines about as long as the diameter of the disk. Echinopsilon divaricatus, Kar. & Kiril. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Mosq. 736. E. tibeticus, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & Thoms. WESTERN TIBET; alt. 11-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c.—DisTRiB. Soongaria, W. China. Whole plant clothed with long soft spreading hairs, Stem 4-15 in., stout, straight in well-developed specimens, sometimes as thick as a goose-quill, very leafy, striped green and white; branches innumerable, forming a pyramidal mass. Leaves }-1} in. long, soft, mottled green and white (when freed of hairs). Clusters of flowers axillary. Perianth minute; sepals short, villous. Stamens as long as the sepals. Utricle depressed ; styles 2, filiform. 2. ©. ? sedoides, Hook. f.; annual, tall, slender, erect, hoary-tomen- tose or glabrate, branches ascending very slender, leaves fleshy semiterete green some filiform others oblong and minute glabrous or the .upper villous, clusters 2-3-fld. in long slender spikes shorter than the floral leaves, perianth villous, fruiting with conical spines equalling the diameter of the disk or shorter often unequal, Kochia sedoides, Schrad. Neue. Journ. 1809, 86; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 926. Echinopsilon sedoides, Mog. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 2. 127, and in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 136. Salsola sedoides, Pall. Voy. 280, t. 41, f. 2. S. cinerea, Waldst. & Kit. Pl. Hung. ii. 110, t. 106. Sueda sedifolia, Pall. Illust. t. 32, 33, 34. ScINDE, Stocks.—DISTRIB. Siberia, Soongaria, Caucasus to Bulgaria. The specimens are flowerless, but seem to belong to this species. Stem white. Leaves y- in., often gibbous at the base below, then at the tips of the branches longer and villous with tawny hairs, but for which the plant might be taken for a ueda, 11. KOCHIA, Roth. Villous or pubescent rarely glabrous undershrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow, entire. Flowers minute, 2-sexual and female, axillary, ebracteate. Perianth subglobose, lobes 5 incurved, fruiting closing over the utricle coriaceous girt by 5 free or confluent horizontal wings. Stamens 5; anthers large, exserted. Utricle depressed, membranous; style slender, stigmas 2-3 capillary. Seed orbicular, horizontal, testa membra- nous, albumen scanty; embryo annular.—Species 20, S. Europe, Temp. Asia, N. and S. Africa, Australia, N.W. America. * Perennials. 1. K. prostrata, Schrad. Neue. Journ. 1809, 85; a villously pubes- cent low undershrub with a very stout woody rootstock, branches slender erect or spreading, leaves flat linear subacute, clusters in long leafy spikes, wings of fruiting perianth subquadrate hard and searious strongly nerved crenate about equalling the diameter of the disk. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 923; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 132. Salsola prostrata, Linn.; Jacq. fL ys t. 294. Chenopodium Augustanum, All. Fi. Pedem. ii. 198, WESTERN HIMALAYA; in the dry regions of Kunawur and Zanskar; and in WESTERN TinzT, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c.—DistRis. Westwards to Spain nud N. Africa, Siberia, Central Asia. Kochia.]: CXVII. CHENOPODIACE&. (J.D. Hooker.) 11 Rootstock as thick as the thumb ; branches very numerous, 6-10 in., as well as the leaves and flowers densely fulvous-villous. Leaves i-i in., nerveless. Spikes slender, Fruiting-calyz 4-3 in. diam., margins of adjacent wings approximate. ** Annuals (always ?). 2. K. odontoptera, Schrenk in Bull. Acad. Petersb. i. 361 (2848) ; annual, diffusely branched from the base, densely tomentose, leaves small short flat linear acute, clusters in long or short simple or branched leafy spikes, wings of fruiting perianth cuneate or flabellate scarious strongly nerved crenate-lobed about equalling the diameter of the disk. Boiss. FÌ. Orient. iv. 924, K. stellaris, Belang. Voy. Or. Ic. ined. K. odontoptera & K. stellaris, Mog. Enum. Chenopod. 93, and in DC. Prodr. xii. 139. Panderia pilosa, Herb. Ind. Or. H. J. & T. in part. P WESTERN TIBET, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Thomson.—DISTRIB. Affghanistan, Turkestan, ersia, Root sometimes as thick as the finger and possibly perennial; branches long or short, slender; pubescence closer and paler than in K. prostrata ; leaves much shorter, in. long; wings of fruiting perianth narrower, contracted at the base, the margins of adjacent ones distant.—I follow Boissier in identifying this with Schrenk's - odontoptera., . 9. K. scoparia, Schrad. Neue. Journ. 1809, 85; annual, glabrous "d Pubescent, strict, erect, leaves green linear-lanceolate acute, clusters in lea y panicled spikes, wings of the fruiting perianth short semicircular Scarious nerved entire shorter than the diameter of the disk. Boiss. FT. Orient. iv. 925; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 130. Chenopodium scoparia, inn, Norru-West INDIA, Royle, Jacquemont.—DisrmrIB. N. and Central Asia to 3pan and westward to Spain. A tall herb, 3-5 ft.; branches erect and stem white smooth, usually glabrous, the Ultimate twigs pilose or villous. Leaves 1-1} in., midrib distinct. Fruiting-perianth Tearibed as being very variable—The characters given above apply to the only ndian specimen I have seen; it is Royle’s, and without particular locality ; others ve the wings reduced to a short acute tubercle, or are quite simple. 4K. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1791; annual? softly villous, diffusely branched from the base, branchlets divaricate long, leaves small elliptie or Inear-oblong acute, wings of fruiting perianth short broadly triangular- kate obtuse thick nerveless much shorter than the diameter of the disk. mifithii, Bunge in Boiss. Fl. Orient. xiii. 2.924. Panderia pilosa, Herb. nd, Or. H. f. a T. in part. sa] Nortu-Wesr INDIA, from Delhi to the Indus, common. DECCAN PENINSULA t soils at Coimbatore, Wight,— DISTRIB. Afighanistan. NEN ; ranches of this closely resemble long ones of K. prostrata in hairiness, &c., a t fre jit 1$ much more straggling, the plant is apparently annual, and the winga oí Nel Fuiting perianth are very different. Wight states that the flowers are qune me fe ey and I think it probable that fertile males are on different, plants fro V or hermaphrodite. Boissier observed that Wight’s plant is se sane As tri thii, but was unaware that Wight had published it. The Panjab plant dis- for buted under * Herb. Ind. Or. H. £, & T." as K. scoparia, is, I think, rather referable . indica. P oi XII. ARTHROCNEMUM, Moq. Fleshy leafless joi inute, 2-sexual, 2-3 ointed shrubs or herbs. Flowers minute, together in the axils of the cine of sessile cone-like spikes, 2-bracteate. 12 CXVII. CHENOPODIACES. (J.D. Hooker.) [Arthrocnemum. Perianth obpyramidal, 3-4-gonous. Stamen 1. Utricle compressed, membranous; stigmas 2-3. Seed inverse, compressed, testa membranous, albumen fleshy; embryo dorsal, comma-shaped, radicle stout inferior.— Species 7 or 8, of temperate and tropical saline places. 1. A. indicum, Mog. Chenopod. Enum. 113, and in DO. Prodr. xiii. 2. 151; stem prostrate woody, branches short diffuse ascending, joints 1-3 in. diam., spikes cylindric broader than the joints, floral joints very short hardly 2-lipped concealing the flowers. Ung. Sternb. in Atti Bot. Congr. Firenz. 1874, 282; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 919. Salicornia indica, Willd. in Nov. Act. Hist. Nat. ii. 3, ex Vahl Enum.i.10; Wight Ic. t. 737; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 185, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 84; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 171. BENGAL; in salt marshes, Roxburgh. NORTHERN Cercars, Wight. BOMBAY, Graham, &c.—Di1sTRIB. Trop. Africa. .. Stems several feet long, branches opposite and alternate, 1-3 in. high ; joints $-3 in. long, mouth slightly dilated. Spikes j-l in. long, joints à in. deep, cup- shaped, closely imbricate, fruiting very spongy with thin margins. Fruiting-perianths 3 together, shorter than the cup-shaped joints, closely appressed, laterally compressed, spongy, gibbous towards the axis of the spike, flat towards the cup; top broadly truncate with a minute hole for the protrusion of the stigmas. Stamens not seen. Utriele adnate to the perianth, ovoid, compressed, indurated. Seed free, erect, orbi- cular, testa membranous ; embryo and albumen of the genus. 2. A. ? glaucum, Ung. Sternb. in Atti Bot. Congr. Firenz. 1874, 283; shrubby, densely branched, joints 4-à in diam., spikes hardly stouter than the branches, floral joints not closely imbricating, fruit exposed. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 932. A fruticosum, var. glaucum, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 151. Deccan PENINSULA, Herb. Wight (Kew Distrib. No. 2474, 2475). CEYLON, Thwaites.—DistR1B. Mediterranean, W. Asia, Trop. Africa. ; Apparently tall, stem below as thick as the little finger ; branches many, erect or ascending, slender. Male flowers (in threes, consisting of 3 stamens each in a mem- branous perianth P) Female spikes about as long as broad, obscurely 2-lipped. Utricle flagon-shaped, enclosed in the broadly ovoid spongy perianth, which has a minute hole for the protrusion of the stigmas. Seeds orbicular, testa black thinly crustaceous ; embryo and albumen of the genus.—I am not quite sure as to the structure, &c., of the male flowers (No. 2474), and am doubtful as to its distinctness from A. fruticosum. It is, I think, monecious. XIII. SALICORNIA, Linn. Herbs or shrubs with the habit of Arthrocnemum, but with the flowers sunk in cavities of the joints. Perianth obpyramidal, 3—4-toothed, fruiting spongy. Stamens 1-2. Utricle included in the spongy perianth, membranous ; stigmas subulate. Seed erect, compressed, testa hispid with hooked hairs, albumen 0; embryo conduplicate, radicle inferior parallel to the folds of the cotyledons.—Species 8, temperate and tropical. S. brachiata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 84, and Ed. Wall. & Carey, i. 82; perennial erect with diffuse opposite rather slender branches, joints stout shortly bifid, lobes rounded, spikes slender cylindric. Wall. Cat. 6941; Wight Ic. t. 738; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 145; Ung. Sternb. in Atti Bot. Congr. Firenz. 1874, 304. Arthrocnemum indicum, Thwaites Enum. BENGAL; in salt i marshes, Zozburgh. TANJORE, Wight. CEYLON, north of the island, Z'Awaites. Salicornia. } CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 13 à Stem woody, 12-18 in., thick at the base, much branched; branches about i-l in. diam.; lobes of joints with (when dry) membranous margins. Flowers 3-nate. Stamenl. Utricle ovoid, subacute, styles distinct. Testa thinly coriaceous; embryo hooked, both ends pointing downwards.—Moquin 'erroneously cites Nepal as a habitat, and suggests its not being distinct from S. herbacea, which it does not resemble. Roxburgh describes the perianths as flask-like, fleshy, with a longitudinal slit for the exsertion of stamens and styles, and as adhering together firmly and to the Joints till the seed is ripe. XIV. SUZEDA, Forsk. _Herbs or shrubs. Leaves fleshy, terete, rarely flattish. Flowers minute, rank usually 2-sexual, bracteate and 2-bracteolate. Perianth short, 9-lob or-partite; lobes or segments equal or unequal, simple or gibbous orsubwinged. Stamens 5, short. Utricle included, membranous or spongy ; stigmas 2-5, minute, subulate, recurved. Seed erect, oblique or horizontal, testa crustaceous or coriaceous, albumen scanty or 0; embryo plano-spiral. —Species about 40, in saline shores and deserts. Many annual Species have dimorphic flowers; viz. summer ones with albuminous seeds and crustaceous testa, and autumnal ones with larger almost exálbuminous seeds and a membranous testa. I am far from sure that I have correctly determined the names and Synonymy of the Indian species. * Perennials. Styles usually 3-5, rarely 2. l. S. fruticosa, Forsk. FI. Æg. Arab. 70; suberect or decumbent, branches erect or divaricate, leaves $-terete linear or ellipsoid obtuse floral Very short, spikes slender leafy, flowers axillary solitary or 2-3-nate, 2- sexual, fruiting perianth subglobose segments obtuse incurved, styles 3 short, seed vertical or horizontal, testa black shining. Boiss. F7. Orient. iv. ; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. Salsola fruticosa, Linn.; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 17; Engl. Bot. t. 635; Cav. Ie. t. 285; Sibth. Fl. Grac. t. 255. S. indica, Wall. Cat. 6946 C. S. Lana, Edgew. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840) 286; Mog. 7. c. 190. NonrH-Wrsr Ixpra ; from Delhi, and throughout the Panjab, westward to the ates, common in the plains.—Disrris. Westward to the Atlantic, Africa and erica, Stem and branches usually slender. Leaves very variable, }-} in. long.—I have seen DO specimen of Edgeworth’s Salsola Lana, which I assume from his description and locality to be J. fruticosa. Bunge, according to Boissier (Fl. Or. iv. 950, under Haloxylon recurvum) refers it to Schoberia indica. l 2. S. monoica, Forsk. FI. Æg. Arab. 70 ; shrubby, branches suberect, eaves linear flattish obtuse, spikes leafy panicled, flowers axillary 2-3-nate polygamous, bracts minute scarious entire, fruiting perianth obovate-oblong Re obtuse incurved, styles 2-5 short, seed vertical, testa black shining. g ss. FU. Orient. iv. 940 ; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2.156; Wight Ic. t. 1792. : nudiflora, Thwaites Enum. 246. SOUTH Deccan ; on the sea coast at TINNEVELLY, and Tuticorin, Wight. CEYLON, "Ta &c.—DISTRIB, Arabia, Trop. Africa. i s difficul distin a in great doubt about this Indian plant, which in a dry state is difficult to g anguish from S. fruticosa and vermiculata. Boissier, l. c. 940, says that Thwaites + indica is S. monoica, but Thwaites quotes Wight Ic. t. 1796, which has densely fur ded flowers (not 2-3 together as Boissier describes). Boissier (under S. f’ rend ) eg aped Says that all the specimens he has seen of S. indica, Willd., are referable S. fruticosa or monoica. The plant I have here called monoica is Wight's t. 1792 ; . 14 OXVIL CHENOPODIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Suceda. it has a longer fruiting-perianth than S. fruticosa, which is very shortly lobed, and - the bracts are smaller and more entire; it is also more erect. 3. S. nudiflora, Mog. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. xxiii. 316, and in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 155 ; stem woody diffusely branched, leaves semiterete obtuse ellipsoid or the lower linear or obovate-oblong, bracts hyaline toothed often forming ersistent stellate tufts, flowers crowded in dense globose clusters forming leafless spikes polygamous, fruiting perianth obovoid lobes short, styles 3, seed erect, testa crustaceous black. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 213. | S. indica, Mog. l.c.; Wight Ic. t. 1796; Thwaites Enum. 246; Dalz. & Gibs. l.c. ; Wall. Cat. 6946 A. Salsola nudiflora, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1313; Roxb, FT. Ind. ii. 60; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 270, S. fruticosa? Wall. Cat. 6944. S. elata, Wight in Wall. Cat. l.c. Chenopodium prostratum, Roxb. mss. On the sea coast; BENGAL, BOMBAY, the Deccan and CEYLON. I retain this species with much hesitation, suspecting that it is a form of S. monoica, Forsk., or S. vermiculata, Forsk. It is evidently a common coast plant ; and there is a good figure of it in Roxburgh's Icones, with the mss. name of Cheno- podium prostratum, by which it is by inadvertence alluded to (under S. indica) in Roxburgh's Flora (ii. 62). The stellate tuft of toothed bracts left at the axils of leaves after the fruiting perianths have fallen away, is often a very marked character, as are the leafless spikes of confluent globose many-fid. clusters. ** Annuals. Styles 2. 4. S. maritima, Dumort. Fl. Belg. 22; erect, glaucous green, glaorous, branched usually from the base, leaves linear or filiform semiterete floral very small, clusters of flowers minute in very slender spikes, fruiting perianth depressed lobes rounded covering the utricle, styles long slender, seed usually horizontal. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 941; Trimen in Journ, Bot. xxiii. (1885) 173. S. nudiflora, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 155. Chenopodium mariti- mum, Linn.; Engl. Bot. t. 633; Fl. Dan. t. 489. Schoberia maritima, C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i. 400. Chenopodina maritima, Mog. l. c. 161. C. indica, Wight l. c. t. 1793. Salsola salsa, Jacq. Hort. Vind. iii. 44, t. 83. S. indica, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1317, ex Roxb. FL. Ind. ti. 62; Wall. Cat. 6946F ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 170. S. nudiflora, Wall. Cat. 6945. S. sativa, Wight in Wall. Cat. l. c. UPPER GaxGETIC Prarns; Delhi, Clarke. Sea coast of BENGAL, BOMBAY, the Deccan and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Siam, Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, N. America, This appears to be the European plant, though apparently sometimes becoming woody, if not shrubby. Roxburgh indeed describes it as a perennial, but his figure is that of an annual. Graham states that it is universally eaten and an essential article of food during famines. Wallich’s (not Willdenou's) Salsola nudiflora is a common state with the floral leaves shorter than the clusters, Trimen (l.c.) describes as an erect variety of S. maritima, a plant with slender ascending branches and very short leafy bracts, which is found in salt pans in Ceylon with S. nudiflora & indica, adding that it is not the S. indica of Wight Ic. t. 1793. I have no material for ascertaining what it is. 5. S. corniculata, Hook. f. in Gen. PL iii. 67 ; slender, small, diffusely branched from the base, leaves j-1 in. oblong or linear-oblong obtuse floral ovate, flowers very minute 2-3-nate axillary unisexual?, perianth turbinate fleshy lobes gibbous behind or two produced into rounded vertical wings, utricle orbicular membranous adherent to the perianth, seed vertical or horizontal not or hardly beaked some subglobose with thinly coriaceous pale testa, others lenticular with black crustaceous testa. Schoberia corniculata, e Sueda.] CXVII. CHENOPODIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 15 C A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i. 399, and Ic, Fl. Ross. t. 195; Mog. in DC. . Prodr. xiii. 2. 166. WESTERN TIBET; Parang Valley and Hanle Plains, alt. 14-15,000 ft., Thomson.— DISTRIB. Soongaria, Siberia, . . Glaucous; branches 4-8 in., spreading and ascending, white. Leaves scattered or erowded, pale when dry. Bracts microscopic, jagged. Flowers extremely aute; perianth fleshy but thin.— The black seeds occur indiscriminately amongst the pale. 6. S. microsperma, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iii. 785; diffusely branched from the base, leaves 3—3 in. linear-oblong obtuse. flattish floral oblong, flowers very minute 2—5-nate axillary 2-sexual, perianth subglobose lobes equal rounded obscurely tubercled in fruit, utricle orbicular membranous adherent to the perianth, seed vertical or horizontal orbicular with a long ak, testa thinly coriaceous pale. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 943. Schoberia microsperma, C. A. Mey. in Eichw. Pl. Casp. Cauc. 14, t. 13. Chenopodina prostrata & parviflora, Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 163, 165. C. pygmæa, Mog. ? Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T WESTERN TIBET; banks of the Indus, and of Lake Thogji Chumo, alt. 13-15,500 ft., Thomson ; Lake Pangong, H. Sirachey.—DISTRIB. Siberia, Lake Aral, ngaria, i This appears to me to be very near S. corniculata, having the same structure and Minute size of perianth seed, &c., but the perianth is globose without the gibbosities of that Plant, and the seed has the radicular end produced into a long beak. ". microsperma is described as having a black shining testa, which I do not find in either the Tibetan or Soongarian specimens, and it is reasonable to suppose that the Seeds are dimorphic in this as in S, corniculata. . 15. HALOXYLON, Bunge. , Shrubs or small trees with opposite jointed branches. Leaves opposite, triangular and very short, or longer and terete. Flowers small solitary or Spicate, axillary, 2-sexual, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, concave, a^crescent and onzontally winged. Stamens 5 or fewer, on the margin or base of i cupular disk with alternating rounded or square staminodes. Utricle globose or depressed, enclosed in the perianth; stigma 2-lobed or stigmas recurved. Seed horizontal, testa membranous, albumen 0; embryo Plano-spiral.— Species 8-10, S. Europe, W. and Central Asia, Indian. This genus might be united to .4nabasis, differing only in the position of the seed, . 7 Leaves distinct. l. H. recury unge in Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 949 ; tall, glabrous, Pruinose, dark brown,’ ie lately branched, branches divaricate, leaves P Mm. trigonous or semiterete ovate-subulate or ellipsoid cbtuse or aon ^ lone about equalling the axillary flowers, stigma obtuse or obecne Yu Obed, fruiting sepals with large erect ovate obtuse lips and slag ar er M carious wings. H.recurvum & H. Stocksii, Hook. f. in Gen. Pl. iii, us Caroxylon recurvum, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2.175. C. indicum, Si bs nd t. 1794, Salsola Stocksii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2. iv. 75. S. Lana, Stoc * 8. recurva, Wall. Cat. 6943. | ding to 3600 Ac, DN e Wrs 1 Y Sart RANGE, ascending to n Exc porth, Stewart. Scene B Prans ld DECCAN PENINSULA; Coimbatore, Wight. "A A5 banks of the Irawaddi, Wallioh—Distar. Afghanistan, Yunan. He straggling bush, blackish when dry, several feet high with long spreading 16 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Halozylon. strict or recurved branches a foot long or less, ending in strict spikes 2-6 in. long; joints of stem 1-2 in. apart, of spikes 4 in. or less. Sepals obtuse; fruiting perianth lin. diam. Style elongate. Staminodes rounded.—The Scinde specimens have more fleshy and obtuse leaves; most of the Coimbatore and all the Panjab ones are very robust with strict branches; the Burmese ones and one of the Coimbatore are much more slender with recurved branches. In the “Genera Plantarum’ I proposed the name S. Stocksii for the Scinde specimens, regarding them as distinct from the Burmese by their much stouter habit and thicker obtuse leaves, but more copious specimens from all the localities have convinced me that all are forms of one variable plant. Boissier ives Beluchistan as the locality for Stocks's specimens, but those iu the Kew aud ight's Herbaria are from Scinde. 2. H. Thomsoni, Bunge in Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 950; a dwarf hoary pale puberulous much-branched shrub, leaves 4-4 in. linear terete obtuse floral shorter and small rounded bracteoles villous in the axils, flowers often densely crowded, fruiting sepals with very short rounded tips and orbicular or subreniform scarious entire wings, stigmas 2 linear-oblong. H. Griffithii ?, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (not of Boissier). WESTERN TisET; alt. 10-14,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson. Shigar Valley, alt. 7-8000 ft., Clarke, Bellew. Rootstock short, stout, woody, sending up many branches 4-10 in. high; branches woody below, rather- slender, glaucous; branchlets divaricate, rather slender, joints 1 in. or less. Flowers 2-3-nate or in globose clusters which are broader than the floral leaves. Perianth 4, in. long in flower, in fruit 3 in. wings brown. Ovary laxly woolly.— Very near C. Griffithii, but the leaves are always developed, and there are only 2 stigmas. Var. gracillima; 12-18 in. high, extremely slender, paniculately branched, flowers more distant subsolitary.—Iskardo, alt. 8000 ft., Clarke, In flower only.— Habit much more slender, but the flowers are identical, ** Leaves reduced to the dilated tips of the joints. 3. H. salicornicum, Bunge in Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 949; a low erect strict pale almost leaffess shrub, joints produced into two very shorttriangular points woolly within, spikes long erect, bracteoles ovate axils woolly, fruiting sepals with very short obtuse tips and flabelliform scarious white crenate wings, stigmas subclavate. Caroxylon salicornicum, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 174. SCINDE ; Stocks (in Herb. Dalzell).—DisTRIs. Beluchistan, Affghanistan. Stem woody, 1-2 ft. high ; branches erect or ascending, terete; joints of stem i in., of branches about 4 in., of spikes shorter. Fruiting-perianth about } in. diam., tips of sepals with membranous margins, wings often irregularly developed.— Possibly the specimen in Dalzell's Herbarium is from Beluchistan, though marked Scinde ; it is in flower only. 4. H. multiflorum, Bunge in Boiss. Fl. Orient. ix. 949; a low erect pale much-branched almost leaflless shrub, joints produced into two very short rounded tips, spikes short, bracteoles orbicular coneave, sepals very short obtuse, fruiting sepals with very short obtuse tips and orbicular cordate or flabellate scarious wings, stigmas lanceolate. Anabasis multi- tora, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 212. . NonTH-WresrERN PANJAP PLAINS, and the Sarr RaNGz, ascending to 2000 ft., Stewart. —DisTRIB. Atfghanistan. Closely allied to H. salicornicum, but much lower, 4-6 in. high, with a very stout woody stem and almost fascicled branches ; the leaves and bracteoles are much broader, not woolly, the spikes shorter, and fruiting perianth lurger, 4 in. diam. ; When the Salsola.] CXVII. CHENOPODIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 17 16. SALSOLA, Linn. Herbs or shrubs; branches not jointed. Leaves usually alternate, sessile, often short and pungent. Flowers small, solitary or fascicled, axillary, 2- sexual, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 4-5, concave, fruiting accrescent usually orizontally and broadly winged above the middle, completely embracing the utricle. Stamens 5 or fewer, usually hypogynous. Uf¢ricle ovoid or orbicular, fleshy or membranous; stigmas 2-3, subulate or linear. Seed Usually horizontal, testa membranous, albumen 0; embryo spiral.—Species 40, Europe, N. and S. Africa, Temp. Asia, Australia, N. America. * Annual spinescent herbs. Leaves ovate-subulate or linear. DL l. S. Kali, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 954; pubescent, scabrid or glabrous, diffusely branched from the base, branches stout rigid, leaves Short subulate-lanceolate from a j-amplexicaul base thick rigid pungent, flowérs 1-3 together axillary or subspicate, bracts and sepals subequal Pungent, fruiting perianth ‘cartilaginous base rounded, wings obovate . acular or reniform scarious sometimes obsolete. Mog. in DC. Prodr, | mu. 2.187, ? S, Jacquemontii, Mog. 1. c. 188. Nonru-WzsrERN PawJan; Peshawur, Stewart. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 2-14,000 ft, Thomson, &c.—DisrRis. Westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia, N. | and S, Africa, Australia, N. America. , Usually glaucous ; stem 6-18 in. rarely erect, and branches soft and pithy within, "ped green and white. Leaves 3-1} in. spreading and recurved. Fruiting- Mu i- in. diam., transparent, often rose-coloured. .Seed adherent to the ricle, 2. L. collina, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. i. 393; erect or decum- bent, Simple or branched, protean in habit and foliage, glabrous or hispid, eaves ovate rigid or broadly subulate or linear and flaccid tip pungent base "amplexicau], floral similar much longer than the bracts, flowers 1-3 axillary, perianth membranous, sepals lanceolate equal or unequal, fruiting dimorphic, either little changed and adnate below to and enclosed within the hardened and thickened bases of the floral leaf, bracts and bractooes, or vel dt e. bracts, &c. unchanged and the sepals becoming broadly equa pigually winged. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2.188; Pall. IIl. PI. 34, € 96; eb. L Ross. iii. 800. » Kuyawvr, Herb. Royle. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 12-15,000 ft., common, Thomson, larke,— Dxergrg, S. Russia, Siberia, Soongaria. . ‘able i hap; 12086 Puzzling plant, usually smaller in ali its parts than L. Kali, so variable in abit that it is difficult to believe that the various Tibetan forms are referable to one species, The originally described form, well figured by Pallas, has diffuse stiff ranches uniformly clothed throughout with imbricating ovate-lanceolate appressed of r aceous green leaves ł—4 in. long, with white margins and 1-2 flowers in the axils i mh, with ovate erect pungent bract and bracteole; its exact counterpart coon caribe. The greatest contrast to this is a strict erect simple or branched ions, i fon ered distant spreading cylindric or filiform flaccid leaves an inch long, and axi ary wers sunk in the hardened nut-like connate bases of the leaf bracts and bracteoles. er form is 6-14 in. high, erect, with green striped stout stem and branches, 3 ;.gi Spreading or recurved or flexuous spinescent linear or lanceolate eaves +t 1n. long. Another has stout branches spreading on the ground, with filiform leaves . d 1n. long, Another form has dense squarrose tufts of branches beset closely eem as the poa te recurved imbricating leaves 4-1 in. long. The perianth is as n j © habit and foliage : when the perianth becomes winged, it is rarely regular: adt VOR 9f the bracts, &c., become indurated round the flower, - sepals y NM. Y, 18 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) | Salsola: become winged ; their indurated bases vary from j-1 in. long, are pale and smooth, rounded and often gibbous, or bigibbous below; they are very thick and woody ; they occur on the same plant with the normal fruiting-bracts. Ledebour notices a similar condition of S. Kali as lusus nodiflora (Fl. Ross. iii. 799). He regards collina as a species between S. Kali & tamariscinum, differing from Kali in the bracts being never rigidly spinescent, and the fruiting perianth being always membranous below, and from both in the minute perianth wings: these distinctions altogether break down in Tibetan and other examples of S. colina. ** Unarmed shrubs. Leaves minute subglobose. 3. S. foetida, Del. Fl. ZEgypt. 57; a stout hoary pale excessively branched shrub with stout stem and filiform crowded branchlets clothed with uniformly minute subglobose fleshy leaves, floral leaves imbricate . rather longer, forming short spikes, bracteoles like the leaves, fruiting perianth minute (jj in. diam.) silvery-white, wings symmetrical rounded margins often overlapping, stigmas 2 recurved. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 961. S. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 6947 (and misspelt S. Marosteum by Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2.191). S. indica, Herb. Royle. S. spinescens, Wight Ic. t. 1795. Caroxylon foetidum, Mog. in l. c. 178. PANJAB PLAINS, UPPER GANGETIC PLAIN, from Delhi, Moorcroft, westwards, Royle, Edgeworth, &e. SCINDE, Stocks.—DIsTRIB. Beluchistan, Persia, Arabia, N. Africa A large shrnb, stinking of rotten fish (in Egypt, not hitherto observed in India), forming dense masses of filiform twigs and minute leaves, amongst which the little perianths shine like silver stars.— The branchlets often bear globose villous galls, i-1 in. diam., beset witb linear leaves, and caused by insect-puncture. 4. S. verrucosa, M. Bieb. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Mosg. i. 141; a stout hoary shrub or tree with the habit and leaves of S. fetida, but flowers in dense clusters and spikes, and fruiting perianth 7-4 in. diam. dark brown. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 961; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 180. S. dendroides, Pall. II]. Pl. t. 14 (with the leaves too thick, according to Boiss.). S. georgica, Bunge in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 814. NoRTH-WESTERN PANJAB; lower hills and the Peshawur Valley, Stewart. DISTRIB. Siberia, Persia, Armenia, the Caucasus, S. Russia. Boissier says that this differs from S. fætida in the lower leaves being filiform, 1-1} lines long, and the others he describes as ‘‘ 1-terete filiform slender; but this * does not at all agree with any of the numerous specimens in Herb. Kew, except one of a var. glabrescens (Caucasus, Hohenacker). Some specimens have smaller and white fruiting-perianth, approaching those of S. fwtida.—This plant is (like S. fætida) infested with galls, ° 17. ANABASIS, Linn. Perennial herbs or shrubs, branches jointed. Leaves opposite, fleshy or obsolete. Flowers small, solitary or clustered, axillary, 2-sexual, female minutely 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, scarious, fruiting winged or not. Stamens 5, on a short disk, alternating with 5 staminodes. Utricle included or exserted, subglobose, dorsally compressed, dry or fleshy; style short, stigmas 2 subulate. Seed erect, orbicular, compressed, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; embryo spiral.— Species 15, S. Europe, N. Africa, W. and Central Asia, l. A. phyllophora, Kar. 4 Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosq. 1840; a dwarf glabrous pale leafless shrub, stems many erect from a woody stock, joints long terminating in two triangular acute teeth (leaves), flowers soli- 4nabasis.] cxvi. cuENoPopracEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 19 tary in opposite axils spicate, staminodes ciliolate, fruiting perianth with 3 conniving wings the posterior largest. Boiss. FI. Orient. iv. 970 (from which the above character is taken). aie PANJAB; by the Jhelum River, Aitchison. —DISTRIB. Soongaria, Turkestan, i,- The only speċimen is not in flower; but it precisely accords with the Soongarian plant. I have refrained from quoting the synonyms that Boissier (on Bunge’s autho- rity) gives, because I suspect some confusion to exist. Anabasis intermedia, Moq. and 4. subulifolia, Schrenk, must, according to the characters attributed to them, differ much from this. Nor do I see why this, all the specimens of which are as leaflless as a Salicornia, should be' called phyllophora.—Boissier gives Damascus as the locality for his plant, and speaks doubtfully of its identity with the : Soongarian. . . 2. A. setifera, Mog. in Chenop. Enum. 164, and in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 214: a dwarf leafless glaucous pale shrub, stem rough when dry, leaves , Short oblong thick fleshy semiterete obtuse with a deciduous bristle, S woolly, flowers crowded in the upper axils, floral leaf oblong or rounded, bracts minute linear membranous ciliate, staminodes subquadrate, iting perianth 3 in. diam., wings 3-5 obovate or orbicular-cordate hyaline not nerved, stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 970. The PANJAB ; on the Salt Range, Szetvart.—DisTRIB. Persia, Arabia, Egypt. e solitary specimen precisely accords with the A. subulifolia, Schrenk, of Hauss- echt’s Iter Orientale from Persia, which differs altogether from Schrenk’s character of that species and from A. phyllophora, with which Boissier unites subulifolia. It agrees with the characters of A. setifera in everything but having only 3 winged. Sepals instead of 5, and. as I find 3 and 4 in some of Bunge’s specimens gathered and named by himself, this character is evidently of no value. 18. HALOCHARIS, Mog. " Hispidulous annuals, branches often whorled. Leaves alternate, sessile, 1 “shy, tipped with rigid hairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, 2-sexual, 2-bracteo- m te. Sepals 5, lanceolate, hyaline. Stamens 5, on a fleshy disk ; anthers near, cells narrow parallel separate, connective inflated; staminodes 0. tricle Included, ovoid or orbicular, compressed, membranous, rugulose; stigmas 9, slender. Seed suspended, inverse, lenticular, laterally com- Dressed, testa membranous, albumen 0; embryo plano-spiral.—Species 5, ersia, Afghanistan and Central Asia. hi l. H. violacea, Bunge Anabas. Revis. 63, t. 1, f. 3; a small sparsely npa prostrate diffusely branched annual, hairs very long, leaves inear spi quetrous obtuse floral oblong equalling or exceeding the MEME m es | Subcapitate, perianth squarrosely hispid with very long airs, nnective produced into an obovoid violet appendage longer and broader "* Canther-cells. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 975. " ESTERN PANJAB ANGE, alt. 2000 ft., and. PESHAWUR Varr, common, Stewart. Diener Afehelttan Beluchistan, S.E. Pana att ached from the base; branches slender, 3-6 in., tips ascending. eaves red, 2-4 in, Flowers minute, concealed by the long bristles. ANE sul j iii, 9. 201, i» part; u. bhurea, Mog. in DC. Prodr. xii, 2. 201, part; obi hispid with long bristles, leaves linear subtrigonous obtuse fore cluste about equalling the Janceolate hirsute bracteoles, flowers in capi Conn 75 Which are s icate on terminal short branches, outer sepals Mare “stive produc into a sessile elongate ellipsoid yellow ener age c * 20 O. — OXVIL CHENOPODIACEA, (J. D. Hooker.) LHalocharis. much longer and broader than the anther-cells. Bunge Anabas. Revis. 63, t. 1, f. 2; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 975. Halimocnemis sulphurea, Mog. Chenop. Enum. 152. E The PANJAB; west of the Indus, T. W. H. Tolbert.—DisTRIB. Assyria, Persia. | A much larger and stouter plant than H. violacea, with capitate clusters of leaves and flowers 3 in. diam., formihg long interrupted spikes. I have seen but one speci- men, which differs from the only authentic one I have seen of H: sulphurea in the larger more globose heads, and longer appendage of the anthers. 19. HALOGETON, C. 4. Meyer. Annuals. Leaves alternate, sessile, fleshy, obtuse or tipped with a long bristle. Flowers minute, axillary, clustered, polygamous, immersed in wool, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, 2 outermost winged or gibbous, hyaline. Stamens 5 or fewer, filaments linear, anthers simple; staminodes 0 or 5, lingulate. Utricle included, ovoid, membranous; stigmas 2, filiform. . Seed usually inverse, laterally compressed, rostellate, testa membranous or subcoriaceous, albumen 0; embryo spiral.—Species 5, Spain, N. Africa, West and Central Asia. This genus would perhaps be better united with Salsola. There are in Falconer's and Thomson’s Tibetan collections flowerless specimens of what is probably another species, with more or less woolly stems, leaves cylindric 3-8 in. long, terminated by a very long stout pale-brown bristle. H. glomeratus, C. 4. Mey. in Ledeb.. Fl. Alt. i. 378, and Ic. Ross. t.40; a much-branched soft glaucous or hoary erect or ascending leaf green herb, leaves minute cylindrical ellipsoid or obovate often tipped wit a fugacious: bristle axils glabrous or woolly, floral and bracteoles similar, flowers very minute solitary or clustered, sepals 4-5 hyaline lanceolate fruiting with long claws and fan-shaped or orbicular white pink or brownish hyaline veined wings. Boiss. Fl, Orient. iv.985; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2.206. Anabasis glomerata, M. Bieb. in Act. Mosg. i. 110, and iv. 19. H. tibeticus, Bunge mss. WESTERN TIBET; alt. 12-14,000 ft., abundant, Falconer, Thomson, &e.—DISTRİB. Siberia, Soongaria, Turkestan, Affghanistan. Branched from the base; primary branches 2-10 in. long, white, as thick as a goose-quill or less, Leaves often in clusters (arrested branches) $=} in. long, green, the larger with membranous basal auricles. Fruiting-perianths densely crowded, 4-4 in, diam.—Bunge (in lett.) regards the Tibetan plant as different from the Soongarian, but I can find no character ; both are very variable in the size of the leaves and of the fruiting perianth. Boissier describes the flowers as clustered, the outer in each cluster female, the rest 2-sexual and diandrous, 20. BASELLA, Linn. A much-branched twining fleshy herb. Leaves alternate, broad, entire. Flowers spicate, sessile, 2-sexual, white red or violet; bract minute, caducous; bracteoles 2, united into a 2-lipped cup and adnate to the . perianth. Perianth fleshy, 5-fid, at length baccate, lobes short incurved: Stamens 5, on the mouth of the tube, filaments short, erect in bud; anthers versatile. Utricle globose, included, thin, adhering to the seed ; stigmas 3, linear-clavate. Seed erect, subglobose, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty; embryo plano-spiral, cotyledons large thin involute. B. rubra, Linn.; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 993; Lamk. TU. Basella.] CXVII. CHENOPODIACEE. (J, D. Hooker.) 21 t. 215, f£. 1; Gaertn. Carp. t. 126. B. alba, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 104 ; Wall. Cat: 6960; Wight Ic. t. 896; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 170; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. Suppl. 73. B. canalifolia, Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 6961. B. alba, L., nigra, Lour., cordifolia, Lamk., ramosa, Jacq., japonica, Burm., and lucida, L., Moq. l. e. 993, 224. B. ramosa, Jacg. f. Eclog. ii. 10, t. 161; : em hb. Hort. t: 61. B. crassifolia, Wight mss.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. ` Af Throughout INDIA, wild or cultivated, and in CEYLON.—DISTRÍB. Trop. Asia and rica. Glabrous. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate or cordate or orbicular, 2-7 in. - diam., narrowed into the petioles. Spikes 1-6 in., axillary, peduncled, simple or branched, flowers white or red. Fruit size of a pea, red white or black.—Rox- burgh regards two varieties of this, a red- and a green-stemmed one, as wild in India, and adds three cultivated sorts, a red- and a white-stemmed that are raised from seed, and differ only in luxuriance from the corresponding wild forms; and lastly a large sort, ( B. lucida, L., and cordifolia, Lamk.), which is the most cultivated, and pe alway 8 increased by slips; it is the largest form, covering trellises and native houses, and is the most succulent, and more used as a pot-herb than the others. Order CXVIII. PHYTOLACCACEIE. - Glabrous trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, quite entire; stipules small or 0. Flowers racemed, bracteate and 2-bracteolate. Sepals 4-5, Imbricate in bud. Petals 0. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, or more . and regularly inserted; filaments usually persistent and anthers de- ciduons, Carpels 1 or more, superior, free or connate, 1-ovuled; stigmas usually sessile and. recurved ; ovules amphitropous or campylotropous. Ripe carpels dry or fleshy. Seeds erect, often arillate; albumen fleshy or ital embryo peripheric.—Genera 20, species about 60, tropical and rate. ' M Rivina Latbenia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6952, from Patna, erroneously cited by »quin under his Pircunia Latbenia, is the common South American Rivina levis, L. dn orientalis, Moq.), or an allied plant, no doubt cultivated at Patna. Mohlana j moralis, Mart.,a Brazilian and African undershrub with reticulate fruit, is naturalized ™ Several parts of Ceylon (Trimen in Lond. Journ. Bot. xxiii. (1885) 173. PHYTOLACCA, Linn. Shrubs or herbs, rarely tr L tipulate. Flowers 1-2-sexual. , ees. Leaves exstipulate. Sepals 4, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 5-25. Carpels 5-10, free or connate, pea In fruit. Seeds reniform, compressed, exarillate, albumen flowy; , embryo annular, cotyledons slender, radicle ascending.— Species 10, tropica and subtropical. P. acinosa, R | i ; qui lab or puberulous, . oxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 458; quite glabrous P Á leaves elliptic. ovate or lanceolate acuminate narrowed into the stout petiole, ames shortly peduncled. Wall, Cat. 1598. P. decandra, var. B. acinosa, ps in DO, PI». xii, 9. 33. P. Keempferi, 4. Gray n Mem. Amer, ag, N. S, vi. 404, Pircunia Latbenia, Moq. l. c. 29, excl. syn. Wall. Cat. Boa ERATE HIMALAYA, wild or cultivated, from Hazara and Kashmir to » alt. 5-9000 ft. — DISTRIB. China, Japan. om ' : thinly >> ft., stout, herbaceous, succulent. Leaves 6-10 by 24-4 in. green, lancia lent, Racemes 2-6 in., erect, many-fid., rachis stout; bracts — membranous ; pedicels iin, Flowers j in. diam. Sepals broadly oblong, 22 CXVIII PHYTOLACCACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [PhAytolaeca. obtuse. Ripe carpels about 10, nearly free, blue-black.— The Japanese specimens have broader leaves than the Himalayan. The leaves are eaten cooked. ' Orver CXIX. POLYWGONACZIL. Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves rarely opposite, entire .or serrulate; stipules (ochrew) scarious or membranous, usually sheathing the stem. Flowers usually 2-sexual, jointed on the pedicel. Perianth of 3-6, free or connate, persistent sepals, imbricate in bud. Stamens 5-8, rarely more or fewer, opposite the sepals. Disk annular glandular or 0. Ovary free, 2-4-gonous; styles 1-3, stigmas various; ovule 1, basilar, orthotropous. Nut hard, usually enclosed in the calyx. Seed erect, testa membranous, albumen floury or horny; embryo various, radicle superior.—Genera 30, species about 600, chiefly temperate. Polygonear. familie sedifolia, Wall. Cat, 6286, from the mountains of Nepal, is a remarkable plant, which being without flower or fruit I fail to refer to its genus, or even order. It is prostrate, hirsute, consisting of creeping interlaced stems and branches as thick as a sparrow’s quill, the terminal ones bearing imbricate membra- - nous short cup-shaped ochrew with oblique entire ciliate mouths, and fleshy linear- oblong obtuse subsessile leaves }—} in. long, and hirsute on both surfaces; filiform simple root fibres are given off from the stem, and these also are hirsutely fibrillose. A solitary rigid peduncle, 4-4 in. long, terminates some of the branches, and this bears a small short cupular ochrea. The whole plant much resembles (superficially) a small , creeping hirsute ZEschynanthus. . > Tribe 1. Eupolygonese. Perianth 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-8, rarely more. Stigmas 2-3, capitellate, rarely fimbriate. * Shrubs. Stamens 12-18. Styles 4 Stamens 8. Styles3 . . ** Herbs or undershrubs. Stamens 8 or fewer. Cotyledons flat SUP C. Stamens 8. Cotyledons plaited . . . . . . - . 1. CALLIGONUM. . 2. PTEROPYRUM. . 9. POLYGONUM. » « 4& FAGOPYRUM. Tribe 2. Rumicese. Perianth 4-6-cleft. Stamens 9, rarely 6. Stigmas fimbriate, peltate or horseshoe-shaped. Sepals 6, unchanged in fruit, Nut 3-winged . . . . . . . . 5. Rnmtruw. Sepals 4, unchanged in fruit. Nut2-winged .-. . . . . . 6. OxxR14. Sepals 6, 3 inner enlarged in fruit (except R. acetosella) . . . . 7. RUMEX. - See Kenigia under Polygonum. 1, CALLIGONUM, Linn. Rigid much-branched shrubs. Leaves alternate, linear subulate or obsolete, ochrea short. Flowers solitary or few, loosely clustered, ochreate, 2-sexual. Sepals 5, flat. Stamens 12-18. Ovary 4-angled. Nut exserted, 4-angled, angles variously crested winged echinate or setose. Seed oblong, terete or 4-angled; embryo central, straight, cotyledons narrow.—Species . 20, in deserts of W. and Central Asia and Africa. C. polygonoides, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 29; an almost leatless shrub or small tree with terete pale flexuous branches and Calligonum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 93 very slender branchlets, leaves most minute bristles at the distant nodes, nuts oblong hard densely clothed with many series of branching intricate rigid red-brown flexuous bristles. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1000. The PANJAB, Edgeworth, Talbart; Salt Range, alt. 2000 ft., Stewart. SCINDE, Stocks; Boogtee Hills, J'icary.—DrsTRIB. Persia, Armenia, Syria. Flowering branches about as thick as a crow-quill or less, internodes 1-14 in. long ; pedicels 4-4 in.; sepals about as long. Fruit 3-1 in. diam. including the shaggy branched bristles, nucleus about iin. . l 2. PTEROPYRUM, Jaub. § Spach. Rigid shrubs. Zeaves small, alternate or fascicled, linear or spathulate ; ochrea very short or obsolete. Flowers small, ochreate, 2-sexual. Sepals s subequal. Stamens 8. Ovary 3-angled, acuminate; styles 3. ` Nut roadly 3-winged, beaked. Seed beaked, base broad; embryo eccentric, cotyledons oblong, short.—Species 5-6, Western Asiatic. P. Oliveri, Jaub. 5: Spach. Ill. Plant. Orient. ii. 9, t. 108; leaves fascicled thick glaucous obovate oblong spathulate or linear-oblong obtuse witreless, nut broadly 6-winged in two superposed series of wings, the lower Wings broadest. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.31; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. ; Wight Ic. t. 1809. P. Griffithii, Meissn. l.c. Atraphacis sp., Aitchison Cat, PI. Panjab. 125. SCINDE, Vicary, Stocks.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan, Persia. An excessively branched shrub, branchlets white. Leaves 3-3 in. margins often a. Clusters many-fld., sessile; flowers shortly pedicelled. Fruit i in. us nearly circular in outline; each angle of the nut with 2 superposed wings whiten about by the 3-gonous nucleus twisting as the wings grow, the effect of ris that each vertical wing is as it were cut in two in the middle, and the upper a the wing of one angle alternates with the lower half of the wing of another 3. POLYGONUM, Linn. , Herbs, rarel undershrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, rarely lobed; Stipules tubular, membranous, rarely minute and 2-fid. Flowers 2-sexual, or minute, clustered; clusters axillary or terminal, bracteate and - Tacteolate, axillary and sessile, or in spiciform capitate or panicled racemes; cel short usually jointed under the perianth; bracts and bracteoles pembranoug, ochreate. Disk glandular or 0. Perianth 4-5- rarely 3-cleft, outer sepals usually smallest. Stamens 5-8, rarely 1-4, perge ation”. Compressed or 3-gonous; styles 2 or 3, free or combined low, Alesha’ usually capitellate. Vut included in the more or less enlarged (rare Į 13) perianth, trigonous or biconvex. Seed albuminous; embryo lateral, " cle long, cotyledons small (rarely large), flat, accumbent, rarely 1ncum- -—Species about 150, in all latitudes. d, Seay troubles i i ich have’ been much con- om , the Indian species of which have € ot p I cannot hope’ that I have finally settled the limits of those especially Polygon aria and Avicularia sections, Kænigid is regarded as a section 0 m. 7 KEY TO THE SECTIONS. E Stipules minute 2-partite. igmas su Set. 1, KawrGra. A minute annual Flowers in terminal cisstéet,: B : €. Nut Subterete.— Sp. 1. ES 24 CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Polygonum. Sect. 2. ELEUTHEROSPERMA. Slender annuals. Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters. Styles minute free. Seed loose in the triquetrous nut, B. Stipules tubular elongate.—8Sp. 2-3. Sect. 3. AVICULARIA. Herbs. Leaves small; stipules hyaline, cleft or torn. Flowers axillary. Styles minute free. Albumen horny.—Sp. 4-11. Sect. 4. AMBLYGONON. Perennial-rooted herbs, Flowers in spiciform racemes ; bracts tubular, truncate. Nut orbicular; cotyledons incumbent, —Sp. 12-14. Sect. 5. Tovana.. A perennial-rooted tall herb. Leaves broad. Flowers distant in very slender racemes; bractstubular. Nut flattened with 2 rigid persistent hooked styles.—Sp. 15. Sect. 6. BisroRTA. Erect or prostrate annual or perennial-rooted herbs. Flowers in spiciform racemes; bracts hyaline, ovate or lanceolate not tubular.— Sp. 16-23. Sect. 7. PERSIOARIA. Erect or decumbent unarmed often glandular annuals or perennials, Leaves narrow. Flowers in slender or dense spiciform racemes; bracts tubular.—Sp. 24-38. Sect. 8. CEPHALOPHILON. Erect or prostrate unarmed annuals rarely perennials or shrubs. Leaves broad, sometimes lobed or auricled. Flowers capitate; bracts not tubular.—Sp. 39-48. Sect. 9. ECHINOCAULON, Erect or ascending usually prickly annuals. Leaves usually broad, often hastate.. Flowers capitate or racemose, bracts tubular. (Hardly distinct from Cephalophiion.)—Sp. 49—55. i Sect. 10. Aconogonon. Erect shrubs, rarely herbs. panicles; bracts open or very shortly tubular.—Sp. 56-67. Sect. 11. Trntarta, Twining herbs. Leaves broad, hastate or cordate, Flowers in axillary clusters or slender racemes; bracts not tubular—Sp. 68-70. Flowers in branched Sect. I. Kanicta, Hook. f. A minute annual. Leaves often o site; stipules short 2-lobed or -partite. Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters or heads; bracts not tubular or sheathing. Perianth 3—5-cleft. Stamens 1-5 without interposed glands. Stigmas 2-3, subsessile. Nut subterete or compressed ; cotyledons accumbent. i 1. P. islandicum, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves obovate, flowers very minute. Koenigia islandica, Linn.; Meissn. in DOC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 83;. Lamk. Ill. t. 51; F7. Dan. t. 418. K. monandra, Dene. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 142, t. 147; Meissn. l c. l . . ALPINE WESTERN HIMALAYA; in marshy places from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 12,000 ft. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 11-14,000 ft.— DisTRIB. Arctic and subarctic regions and Altai Mts. . Stems very slender, succulent, forming tufts 1-6 in. high with matted roots. Leaves 3-4 in., petioled, obtuse. Flowers 2-sexual or female. Perianth-lobes equal or unequal. Stamen usually solitary (rarely 2) in the Indian plant. Nut rather longer than the perianth.— Maximoviez (Mel, Biol. xi. 309) doubts the validity of Kenigia as a genus, Sect. II. ELEUTHEROSPERMA, Hook. f. Slender annuals. Leaves small, broad; stipules 2-partite. Flowers in axillary and terminal clusters. Perianth 5-cleft; bracts not tubular or sheathing. Stamens 2-4. Styles minute, free. Seed loose in the acutely triquetrous nut; cotyledons accumbent. 2. P. delicatulum, Jess» in DC. Prodr, xiv. 1. 127; quite glabrous, stem filiform, leaves sessile or subsessile 4—4 in. elliptic ovate or ovate-cordate acute, flowers minute in axillary clusters scarcely exceeding Polygonum.| xix. Potyconacex. (J. D. Hooker.) 25 the bracts, stamens 2-3, nut 3-quetrous usually much longer than the , perianth. Koenigia, No. 3 & 4 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. ALPINE HIMALAYA; on wet rocks, alt. 10—16,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kashmir, Wallich, &c. l Annual, 4-12 in., tufted, flaccid. Leaves distant, nerves obscure ; petiole rarely 3 in. ; stipular segments acute or obtuse, entire or crenate. Perianth very minute, w in. long, segments obtuse or acute, 2 outer smaller, Stamens very short. Nut very variable in size, ovate-lanceolate, twice or thrice as long as the perianth, pale, coriaceous, angles very prominent, faces concave, Seed loose. 3. P. fil icaule, Wall. Cat. 1694; sparingly strigose, stem very slender, leaves petioled 3-3 in. ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtuse or acute, flowers in axillary and terminal sessile clusters pedicelled, stamens 3-4, nut trigonous slightly longer than the perianth. Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 59, and in DO. Prodr, xiv. 1. 127; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xvii. 104; Gercke in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 136. P. alpestre, Wall. Cat. 1725. : microphyllum, Klotzsch mss. Konigia nepalensis, Don Prodr. 74. Kenigia, No. 2 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. ; SUBALPINE and ALPINE HIMALAYA; in woods, &c., alt. 9-16,000 ft., from lkkim to Kashmir, Wzsrzmx TrmsT; Ladak, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Stewart. ,Annual, 4-18 in., flaccid, tufted, rather succulent ; stem with often a few reflexed hairs below the nodes. Leaves distant, rarely 1 in., soft, most strigose beneath ; stipular lobes glabrous or hairy, acute or obtuse, Perianth jy in. long, white; seg- ments rounded, 2 outer smaller, Filaments very short. Nut ellipsoid, pale, Vas woe angles very prominent, faces concave. Seed loose.—Meissner and Babington descri stamens, I find only 3-4, P. alpestre, Wall, is the fully developed state; vars. C@spitosum and extenuatum of Meissner are more Alpine forms. Sect. TIT. AVICULARIA Meissn. Erect or prostrate herbs, rarely under- shrubs, Leaves small; stipules tubular hyaline, cleft or torn. Flowers in axillary clusters ; bracts tubular. Perianth 4-5-cleft. Stamens 3-8, very short, Styles 3, minute, free. Nut 3-gonous. Albumen horny, cotyledons Incumbenft, , * Root perennial, branches herbaceous (shrubby in 7. P. salicornioides). 4. P. recumbens, Royle mss.; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 116; Puberulous or scaberulous stems long stout woody much-branched grooved Prostrate and ascending, leaves i-3 in. petioled broadly elliptic flat obtuse or acute nerves obscure, stipules ovate-lanceolate tumid with a strong ex- eurent nerve on each side, pedicels short jointed at the tip, fruiting Perianth obyojd S-partite. Meissn. in DC. Prodr: xiv. 1. 96. WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 4500 -8000 ft., Royle, ke. at th rotstock stout; branches many, 1-2 ft., as thick as a crow-quill and mom, mE bi and i base. aves close set; stipules 3—} in., lanceolate and acuminate or — bel accrate, nerves variable, longer than the pedicels. Nuts yẹ in., long, OW the middle, black, shining. 5 P. cognat : 91, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. um, Meissn. Polyg. Prodr. 91, a À i labrous or nearly 80, stems short subsimple prostrate and ascending pa led, leaves 3-1 in. petioled elliptic obtuse or acute thick nerveless, 5 $ = €3 ovate tumid hyaline subentire nerves 2 short included, S t 9Wded short jointed at the tip, fruiting perianth very thick arene di. Ce ae jong as the orbicular lobes. P. alpestre, C. A. Meyer. € 18. "^ 1375 Boiss, Fl. Orient. iv. 1097; Jaub. § Sp. Ie. Pl. Orient. t. 118, 26 CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker) .. [Po/ygonum. P. rupestre, Karel & Kiril, En. Plant. Alt. 789. P. confertum, Royle Mss. ; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc; xviii. 116; Meissn. l. c. P. ammannioides, Jaub. & Sp.l.c. t. 119. P. affine, Stephan. mss.; Spreng. Syst. i. 256, not of Don. Western HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Garwhal, alt. 11,000-14,500 ft., Royle, &c. WESTERN TIBET; ascending to 16,500 ft., Thomson, Stewart, &c.— D1STRIB. Soongaria, Persia, Syria, Asia Minor, Caucasus. : Branches many, stont, flexuous, 2-6 in., from a woody stock, scaly at the base, but not rooting. Leaves rarely 1 in., elliptic-lanceolate, almost succulent ; stipules silvery, obtuse, acute or acuminate. Perianth very thick, lobes with white margins. Nut jy in. long, ovate, compressed or obtusely trigonous, black, shining, usually com- pressed and obtuse in Indian examples.—Boissier adopts the later name of P. alpestre for this, because Meissner described his cognatum from-a variety (P. rupestre, Kar. and Kiril.) with longer pedicels. He further refers the Himalayan plant to Meissner s var. ammannioides, a Persian form with shorter internodes, and smaller narrower leaves ; but the majority-of Indian specimens do not differ from the common form. 6. P. paronychioides, C. A. Mey. En. PI. Talysch. 20; rootstock very stout woody, branches short tufted erect and ascending scaberulous young concealed by the stipules, internodes very short, leaves linear with a deciduous mucro margins recurved, stipules large hyaline lanceolate tumid 2-nerved tip lacerate, pedicels short jointed at the tip, fruiting perianth urceolate lobes rounded shorter than the tube 2 outer awned at the back. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv.1040 ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 89. P. Paronychia, C. A. Mey. Enum. Pl. Cauc. 158 (not of Cham. & Schl.). P. Meyeri, Steud. JNomencl. P. mucronatum, Royle mss.; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. . xviii. 115. i WESTERN HIMALAYA, in the drier regions ; Kunawur to Zanskar, alt. 8-12,000 ft.» Royle, &c.—Di1sTRIB. Affghanistan, Persia. i Root or rootstock often as thick as the middle finger, tortuous, woody, with chestnut scaling back. Stem 1-4 in., fragile, white or red-brown, not grooved. Leaves jin., nerveless, glabrous or scaberulous; stipules in young plants concealing both leaves and stem, lower with often two very faint included nerves, upper with two strong exserted ones. Fruiting-perianth as in P. cognatum, but shorter. Nut 4, in., broadest in the middle, black, smooth.—The character of the dorsally mucronate outer sepals appears pretty constant, though not referred to by authors. 7. P. salicornioides, Jaub. & Spach. Ill. Pl. Orient. t.123; shrubby, scaberulous, branches stout divaricate grooved at length spinescent and leafless, internodes crowded, leaves minute fleshy linear ovate or oblong rigid 1-nerved margin revolute, stipules short hyaline lacerate, perianth rosy, nut large thick opaque punctate. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 90; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1042. SCINDE, l'icary.— DISTRIB. Persia. The specimen is very imperfect, and I have taken much of the specific character from Boissier. ** Root mostly annual (except some forms of P. plebejum). 8. P. aviculare, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1036; glabrous, branches procumbent or ascending grooved leafy, leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse flat nerveless, stipules shorter than the internodes hyaline lacerate many-nerved, flowers axillary, pedicel short jointed at the tip, perianth obovoid cleft to near the base, nut ovoid obtusely 3-gonous minutely rugosely striolate. Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 114.° P. aviculare y- diffusum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 97. Polygonum.] ^ cxix. POLYGONACER, (J. D.. Hooker.) 27 WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Royle, &e. ; Rawul Pindee, Aitchison. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson, &c.— DISTRIB. Widely dispersed, indigenous in Europe and N. Asia, probably a colonist elsewhere. The Himalayan and Tibetan specimens are intermediate in several points between P; aviculare and p. Bellardi, as these are defined by Boissier; the leaves are not veined as he describes them in aviculare, nor are they acute as they should be in P. Bellardi ; and though the branches sometimes run out into a subspicate in- orescence, this is not so slender and interrupted as in true Bellardi. Boissier gives “India borealis” as a habitat for the latter plant; but I have seen no specimens. "79. P. tubulosum, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. i. 83,-and Fl. Orient. iv. 1032 ; glabrous, branches short prostrate or ascending leafy angular not grooved internodes very short, leaves linear acute or obtuse margins recurved, stipules hyaline subentire lacerate or fimbriate faintly 1-2-nerved, flowers axillary sessile, perianth ovoid tube much longer than the small rounded white or pink ] Pos. nut rhomboid triquetrous smooth shining. Meissn. in : Prodr. xiv. 1. 91. p. rottboellioides, Jaub. & Sp. Lil. Pl. Or. t. 122; Meissa, 1, c. 92. PP. Olivieri, Meissn. l. c. 92, in part. Nortu-Western HIMALAYA; Kunawur and Lahul, alt. 6-7000 ft., Royle, omson, Stewart. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Zhomson.—DIsTRIB. Affghanistan, Persian Alps. i i . A small annual, with sometimes rosy flowers, crowded leaves and hyaline stipules, 1 in. long, very different from P. aviculare in the sessile perianth cleft at the top only, and in the small broad short shining nut.—Meissner has cited “ Kumaon, Strachey and Winterbottom, No, 49,” as a locality for P. Olivieri, Jaub. and Spach. I have eus 20 specimens, and suspect some error. The calyx-lobes of P. Olivieri (which is Sy nonym of p, polycnemoides) equal the tube. i Var. tibetica 3 branches very slender much longer, leaves usually acute or acuminate. Hype Tibet; Karakoram, alt. 12,000 ft, Clarke; Lahul, Jaeschke; Chamba, 1043" ak mollicforme, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. i. 7. 84, and Fil, Orient. iv. Clusty Small and slender, stems short dichotomous bearing axillary pers of stipules and flowers, leaves spreading linear setaceous apiculate 8 iere margins recurved, stipules ventricose hyaline white 1-2-nerve Kr to the middle into several lanceolate segments, perianth sessile nie od by the stipules cleft to below the middle, nut ovoid acute obtusely gonous, -Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 91. pL ESTERN Tizet; N ubra, alt. 14—16,000 ft., Thomson.—DISTRIB. Persia. ve ot almost capillary. Stems spreading, 1-2 in., filiform, rigidly flexuous, red. i Perianth P 1-1 in. long; stipules large for the size of the plant. Flowers minut : chioide hyaline.— This curious little species resembles a seedling state o paron: find 1 S, but differs in the perianth. Boissier describes the stipules as nerveless, or2 nerves, one always exserted, in both Persian and Tibetan specimens. flowers 1-3 na . . : -nate, anth 7; in. Á base, nut rhombord aS Or short, peris shining: Meissn. in DC. Prodr. Pol 14. : P. Dryandri, Spr. Syst. Veg. ii. 255; Wall. Cat. 1691; Meissn. YJ. Prodr, 8g: P. aviculare, Don Prodr. 72. P. herniarioides, Del. Fl. bur £13; Meissn, l c. 94, and in Wall. Pl. As. Har. iii. 62. P. Rox- mb Meissn, Z. c.; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 997. Ughout TRroproar INDIA; and (but rarely) ascending the Himataya to 28 CXIX. POLYGONACEE, (J. D. Hooker) [Polygomum. 7000 ft., from Bhotan to Kashmir (absent 1n Ceylon).—DI3TRIB. Affghanistan, Tropical Asia, Java, Philippines, Australia, Madagascar, Egypt, Tropical and S. Africa. If (following Wallich's example for most of them) I am right in bringing all the following forms under one species, this is a far more protean plant than P. aviculare, with which it is generally compared, but from which it differs entirely in habit, in the few-nerved stipules, and rhombic smooth nut. I have spent some days in avalyzing the flowers and fruit of the vast number of specimens of it at my disposal, in the vain attempt to discover constant even varietal characters amongst them. The utmost I can effect is to select eleven forms, the extremes of which differ so much from one another that I have described them as varieties, though there is not one of these that does not seeni to pass insensibly into two or more others, and I regard my work as provisional only. If any one is specifically distinct, it is var. Miqueliana, with its larger flowers and all the sepals acute; I have, however, seen no other specimens than Hohenacker's ; and the shape of the sepals is so variable with age in other species, that much importance must not be attached to them. Var. micranthema, with nuts some- times only 4j in. long, at first sight appears very distinct, but there are transitions of all its characters (nuts included) into those of the commoner forms. For the rest I must leave the further elucidation of this aggregate species to local botanists working | on fresh specimens. In the matter of the citation of published works and Herbarium numbers, &c., I have been very sparing, because I cannot reconcile in several cases Meissner's descriptions and references with the specimens of Wallieh, and with ' other authors’ writings; and the diagnoses of the earlier authors are vague and incom- plete. Though described as annual, the root is so often woody, that I think it must be at times biennial or even perennial. P. plebejum proper ; branches stout or slender, stipules rather short lower inter- nodes often longer tham the leaves upper shorter or very short, leaves à to J in. upper often much shorter oblong or linear obtuse margin often recurved, flowers sunk amongst the stipules rarely exserted, sepals short broad rounded. P. illecebroides, Meissn. l. c. 94. P. cliffortioides, Meiss». l. c., and in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 62. P. herniarioides, Herb. Strach. & Winterb. 23. P. Roxburghii, var. brevifolia & pedicellaris, Meissn. l. c. 93. ' Common from Assam to the N.W. Provinces and on the lower hills.—This is intended to inelude all the forms known to me that do not better agree with the diagnosis of the following ones. It is a common African and Australian plant. To it I should refer Wallich’s 1691/1, 1691/3, 1691/4, the lower left-hand specimen, 1691/5, except the Prome specimen, and 1691 G, I, K. - Var. effusa ; lax, slender, flaccid, internodes longer, leaves narrowly linear or dilated upwards from a very narrow base tip rounded, flowers all or most pedicelled, sepals short broad, P, effusum, Meissn. l. c. 93, in part.—Bengal to Bombay, Guzerat and N.W. India. Kumaon, Herb. Strack. & Winterb. 22.— Probably a native of wet places, whence its characters. Strachey and Winterbottom's specimens are. characteristic, but Wallich's 1691/3 from Oude appears to me to be nothing but conimon plebejum. Var. indica ; branches uniformly spreading all round from the crown and leafy, inter- nodes short, leaves 1—4 in. uniformly spreading horizontally linear- or obovate-oblong flat obtuse or apieulate, stipules very short, flowers crowded in the axils, pedicels shorter than the perianth or 0, sepals broad 2 outer acute, nut j, in. P. indicum (& ? P. linifolium), Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 208; Wight Ic. t. 1808; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi.214. P. Roxburghii, var. a. longifolium & y. spathulatum, Meissn. J. c. 98. P. Dryandri, Wall. Cat. 1691 H, L.—The common Mysore and Carnatic form, also occurring in Bombay. When more irregular in development of leaves and branches not distinguishable from P. plebejum proper. Both habit and locality point to its being P. indieum of Roth, who describes the occasional scabridity of the end of the leaf as serrulation, and suspects its identity with P. plebejum. It is a common Australian and African form. ` ' Var. brevifolia; rootstock very woody, branches very stout grooved often 1-2 ft. dark brown, internodes of branchlets very short concealed by the leaves and stipules which latter show as a continuous white villous band on the underside of the branch- lets, leaves 3-3 in, obovate acute or apiculate flat coriaceous dark brown when dry, Polygonum.] CX1X. POLYGONACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 29 flowers sessile almost concealed by the stipules, sepals narrower outer acute, nut twin. P. Dryandri,, Wall. Cat. 1691 /5, from Prome.—From Bengal (Griffith, Kew Distrib. 4098) to Garwhal, Banda, Bombay, Scinde, Guzerat and Prome. Also in Africa.— This is a short crowded leaved form allied to indica, and differs from Vibe iid in its stoutness ahd narrower longer leaves, which are not so covered by the stipules, Var. Griffithii ; branches excessively numerous from the root very slender flexuous and quite naked below, branchlets very slender with the internodes so close that they look woolly from the crowded fimbriate and crinite stipules, leaves shorter than the stipules 1-4 in. orbicular or broadly obovate flat apiculate, flowers subsessile minute hidden amongst the stipules, sepals rounded 2 outer apiculate, nut not seen.—East Bengal, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4099, 4101); plains of N.W. India, Falconer (Kew Distrib. 268).—A very singular form, probably a modification of var. brevifolia, with the bases of the branches buried in soil, and hence leafless and very slender. Var, scindica; branches rather stout flexuous pale red brown with scattered leaves below, branchlets slender, internodes very short woolly from the crinite stipules, eaves 4-1 in. elliptic-oblong pale obtuse margins strongly recurved, flowers very - minute sessile sunk amongst the stipules, sepals narrow obtuse, nut half the length of the perianth 3; in. long black.— Scinde, Stocks.—-This has much the habit of some common forms of the species, but the branchlets are crinite as in Griffithii, and the nut very minute. No doubt it is only one of many forms to be found in Scinde. _ . Var. elegans; black when dry, branches stout grooved smooth or scaberulous, internodes longer or shorter than the leaves, stipules brownish fimbriate, leaves 3-3 in. qPPer as long as the lower linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate rarely obtuse margins at or revolute, flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, sepals narrow 2 outer acute. - elegans, Zozb, Hort. Beng. 29, and Fl. Ind. ii. 291. P. prostratum, Row, mss. P. ciliosum, Meissn. l. c. O5. ` P. Dryandri, Wall. Cat. 1691/2.—From Bengal, Assam and Bhotan to N epal, Belgaum, Chittagong and Tenasserim. —Usually rather a large form, passing into plebejum proper by insensible transitions. The dark colour when dry, long narrow acuminate leaves and narrow sepals distinguish typical specimens, It is well described by Roxburgh and figured in his unpublished Icones as P, Prostratum). It occurs in Australia. . LAT. micranthema ; small, branches 2-8 in. very slender, stipules short, leaves ih in. linear or linear-oblong obtuse base narrowed flat, upper crowded as long as € often distant lower, flowers very minute pedicelled crowded in the upper axils, Rica Often as long as the perianth, sepals narrow obtuse, nut 35-45 in. P. Dryandri "u all. Cat. 1691/4, the upper left-hand specimen from Kumaon. P. micran- emum, Franchet mss.—Birma, Griffith ; Bengal and Silhet, Clarke ; Soane River J. D. H.; Kumaon.—This is only a small state of plebejum, into which it passes by insensible gradations, Franchet named it as above from Mongolian Mc ling dark. when d at. Miqueliana; br: er stout flexuous straggling dark. when dry, Internodeg lónger than the lenem pales short 2-nerved, leaves i in. obovate or Sblong-obovate or linear-oblong obtuse flat, flowers 1-2 in the axils, pedicels slender ger than the perianth jointed towards the base, sepals narrow all acute, nut jj in. r Miquelianum, Meissn. Pl. Hohenack., No. 1613, and in DO. l. c. 92.—Canara; near : Angalor. —A very distinct variety, but more material is wanted to judge of its as they, Meissner describes the stipules as 6-nerved, and the ER of the leaves revolute, neither of which is the case in my specimens. Nor do I know of many- nerved stipules in any Indian form of P. plebejum except the following, which ety enough comes from Mangalor, has revolute Jeaf-margins, and all the sepals Var. po] heura ; ; rk when dry, internodes longer or shorter than the leaven, hidra ii idis in. linear oblong acute or obtuse margins urved, flowers 1-2 in the axils, pedicels as long as the perianth jointed at the base, Tub harrow acute, nut thin. P. elegans, Miquel in Herb. Hohenacker, No. 19 (site ?. P. Roxburghii, var. longifolia, Meissn. l c. 93.—Canara ; near Mangalor. , Sect, IY AMBLYG . ding herbs. Leaves la LV. ONON, Meissn. Erect or ascending herbs. - 8*; stipules with often a dilated mouth. Flowers in cylindric spikes or 30 xix. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Polygonum, racemes; bracts tubular. Perianth 4-5-partite. Stamens 5-8, alternating with glands. Styles 2-8, short, stigmas capitate. Nut orbicular, com- pressed ; embryo slender, cotyledons narrow incumbent. 12. P. orientale, Linn.; Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 53, t. 1, f. 30-35, . and t. 3, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 123; tall, branched, softly pubescent or silkily villous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate, stipules short strigose and ciliate, racemes cylindric laxly panicled, bracts close 3-6-fld. Bot. Mag. t. 213; Gertn. Fruct. i. t. 119, f. 5; Miquel FT. Ind, Bat. i. 1005; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 99. P, altissimum, Mench. Meth. 630. P. amoenum, Bl. Bijd. 531. P. pilosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 286 ; Wall. Cat. 1710, excl. C. P. cochinchinense, Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 55. P.torquatum, De Bruyn in Pl. Jungh. 303. - Lagunea cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Coch. i. 271.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xu. t. 76. Wet places from Assam and SILHET westwards to OUDE and Jamu; ascending the Himalaya to 5000 ft.—DISTRIB. Siam, Java, Borneo, China, Japan, Turkestan (often cultivated). E . A branching annual, 3-10 ft.; branches hollow. . Leaves G-9 by 2-5 in., grey with hairs; nerves very numerous; petiole 1—4 in.; stipules short, hirsute, truncate, mouth membranous or dilated herbaceous and recurved. Racemes 3-5 in., on long stout strict peduncles and pedicels, erect or cernuous; bracts crowded strigosely tomentose and ciliate; flowers large, white red or green. Stamens 7-8, included. Styles connate below, stigmas capitellate. Nuts $ in. diam., orbicular, flattened with rounded margins and rather concave faces, black, shiny, pericarp very thick. Coty- ledons incumbent,—Roxburgh remarks that the ends of the branches when moistened become thickly glutinous. . Var. glabrata; very sparsely pubescent or glabrate, petiole narrowly winged.— Kashmir, Thomson ; Saharunpore Bot. Garden, Royle, Falconer.. Var. parvifolia; sparingly pubescent, leaves 2-33 in. elliptic acuminate membra- nous, petiole winged, stipules very short, mouth herbaceous. Wail. Cat. 1709/2 (under P. tomentosum).—Silhet, De Silva.—I have seen no other specimen. A note on the specimen says the shoots are eaten and have a sour taste. 13. P. tomentosum, Willd. Sp. PL. 11.447; stem simple very stout erect pubescent or glabrous, leaves 4-8 in. shortly petioled lanceolate finely acuminate silky beneath rarely glabrate, stipules strigose truncate . mouth erect with rigid bristles half their length or less, racemes stoutly peduncled panicled, bracts crowded hispid and ciliate. JMeissn. in C. Prodr. xiv. 1. 194, excl. var. B; Rorb, Hort. Beng. 29, and FI. Ind. ii. 287 ; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1006; Wall. Cat. 1709, excl. B, E, G, H, and part of D. P. orientale, Wall. Cat. 1710 C. P. ochreatum, Houtt. Pf. Syst. vi. 442, t. 49, f. 1. P. pulchrum, Blume Bijd. 530. In ditches, &c., from BENGAL, Assam and CACHAR, southwards to MALACCA; and from Bombay to MALABAR and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Java, Philippines, Trop. and S. rica. . Stems one or more from a prostrate rooting annual stock, 2—4 ft., often as thick as the finger. eaves 1-1} in. diam., usually pubescent or subsilky above; petiole rarely à in.; stipules j-1 in., membranous. Racemes 2—4 in., always erect, strict ; bracts 6—8-fld.; flowers large, white. Stamens 7-8. Nut large, 3 in. diam., orbi- cular flattened with rounded margin and convex faces; pericarp very thick, crusta- ceous, black, shining; cotyledons incumbent.—This is apt to be confounded with P. barbatum. Meissner quotes Wall. Cat. 1708 A, and 1708 G, I, for this, but the first and last are certainly barbatum, and only one piece of G appears to be tomentosum, 14. P. limbatum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 123; stem simple Polygonum.] CXIX. roLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) |. 8l very stout erect, leaves 4-8 in. shortly petioled lanceolate acuminate scabe- rulous on both surfaces, stipules strigose truncate mouth with a spreading or recurved herbaceous scabrid ‘ciliate limb, racemes stoutly peduncle panicled, bracts crowded hispid. Boiss. F7. Orient. iv. 1031, BENGAL; in the Jheels, J. D. H. 4 T. T.; Maldah, Clarke. UPPER GANGETIO UR jio, GaRWHAL, |Edgeworth. Concan, Law.—DiIsTRIB. Egypt, p. Africa. l Habit, inflorescence and nut of P. tomentosum, but the leaves in all the specimens are minutely scabrid on both surfaces, and the stipules have constantly a herbaceous imb. Fruit and pericarp as in P. tomentosum, and cotyledons incumbent. Sect. V. Tovara, A. Gray. A tall herb with perennial root. Leaves road; stipulestubular. Flowersin a very slender raceme ; bracts tubular. Perianth 4-partite. Stamens 5, alternating with glands. Styles 2, long, pick poked, persistent, stigmas simple. Nut flattened; cotyledons ccumbent, 15. P. virginianum, Linn.; Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 81, t. 1 L, È 27-29, t. 3 N, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 112; sparsely hispid, leaves 4-10 in. Short-petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, stipules short hispid, Woes 6-16 in., bracts distant 2.fld. P. filiforme, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 163; “ssn, Monog, 75, and in DO. l.c. P. muticum, Mench Suppl. 966. ersicaria Virginiana, Gertn. Fruct. ii. t. 119, f. 3. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, very rare, Falconer; Kashmir, on the Jhelum River, pA ft., and Pir Panjal, alt. 7-10,500 ft., Stewart ; Sikkim, on the Balesun iver, alt. 7-8000 ft., King.— DISTRIB. China, Japan, Eastern United States. . i 5 ft. and upwards, branches hollow. Leaves, thin, base acute, nerves many, Slender; petiole 3-1 in.; stipules 1-4 in., mouth truncate and ciliate. Racemes ,"B-peduncled, very long and slender; bracts ciliate, 1-1 in, apart; bracteoles narrow, hyaline ; pedicels à in., rigid, stout in fruit. | Perianth eglandular, thin. i t ellipsoid, flattened, pale brown, as long as the persistent styles. —The long ooked Persistent style free to the base, serving to attach the fruit to foreign bodies, g nique in the genus, and indicates that the species should form a separate section th 18 Singular that though provided with so obvious a means of transport the species ould 80 rare in India). I find no difference between the Himalayan and East Th encan plants; the W, Asiatic and some American have shorter and blunter leaves. e Sikkim specimen has leaves sparsely strigillose on both surfaces, as in.some American ones, others of both countries are nearly glabrous. . Sect. VI. BISTORTA urn. Perennial eglandular herbs, erect with Simple stems from a woody rootstcek, or with branching prostrate stems T erect; leafy scapes. Leaves broad or narrow ; stipules tubular, eciliate. 1 overs in spiciform racemes, eglandular; bracts membranous, ovate or in ceolate, Open not tubular nor truncate. Perianth 4—5-partite, not enlarged V fruit Stamens 4-10. Styles 2-3, long, slender, free; stigma simple. “t trigonous or biconvex; cotyledons accumbent. * . . Stem solitary, simple, erect from a woody rootstock. 16. P, viviparum, Zinn.: Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 2027; root-leaves [og-petioled linear or Mica colons acute or obtuse crenulate base acute low’. Or cordate, spikes solitary erect slender, flowers suberect pink, the Do. replaced by bulbils. Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 53, and in : t rodr, xiv. 1, 194. Fl: Dan: t. 13. P. angustifolium, Don Prodr. 70. in 7; tentum, Spreng. ‘Cur. post. 154. P. bulbiferum, Royle mss.; Bab. Trans, Linn. Soc. xviii, 94; Meissn, in DC. l. c, 125. P. affine, 32 cxix. POLYGONACE®. (J. D. Hooker) — [ Polygonum. Wall. Cat. 1683/3, not of Dou. P. bistorta, Gercke in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 135. ALPINE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Sikkim, &c. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 9-15,000 ft.—Disrris. Alpine North and Arctic Europe, Asia and America, ` Rootstock woody, as thick as the thumb or less ; stem 4-12 in., slender. Leaves very variable, 1-6 in., coriáceous, sometimes pubescent or even tomentose beneath ; cauline sessile, erect, Spikes 1-4 in. long; bracts ovate, acuminate. Perianth very variable in size. Stamens included or exserted. Styles filiform,’slender, free and included or greatly lengthened and connate below. Nut very small, trigonous or biconvex.— Probably an Alpine state of P. bistorta. 17. P. spherostachyum, Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 53, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 52, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.125; root-leaves long-petioled linear or linear-oblong acute or obtuse crenulate base acute or obtuse, spikes solitary erect stout cylindric or capitate very dense-fld., flowers crimson drooping. Bot. Mag. t. 6847. P. macrophyllum, Don Prodr. 70; Bab. in Trans. Linn, Soe. xviii. 95. P. gracillimum, Spreng. Cur. post. 154. P. tenue, Don l. c. P. stenophyllum, Meissn. in DC.l.c. P. splendens, Klotzsch im Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 88. P. affine, var. angustifolium, Wall. Cat. 1683. TEMPERATE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA ; from Scinde to Sikkim, alt. 11-15,000 ft. WESTERN TIBET, Heyde. The dense spike of brilliantly coloured drooping flowers is the best character for this beautiful plant ; I am very doubtful about some of the synonyms cited for it and for P. viviparum, especially as to Don's angustifolium, tenue & gracillimum. 18. P. perpusillum, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 5.1490 A; very dwarf, glabrous, radical leaves subsessile narrowly linear obtuse margins recurved quite entire, scape very slender 1-leaved, flowers few capitate pendulous, sepals 4 unequal, stamens 1-3 perfect, nut trigonous or biconvex. ALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 12-15,000 ft.; Sikkim, J. D. H.;-Kumaon and Garwhal, Strachey & Winterbottom (Polyg. No. 39), Duthie. Subcespitose ; rootstock stout, clothed with membranous torn stipules. Leaves 4-3 by jin. spreading; stipules 2-fid. Scape 4-1} in., erect; head 3—-} in. diam.; flowers 4; in. long, white or pink ; bracts crowded, obtuse; pedicel short, jointed at the top. Sepals broad, obtuse, very unequal, inner orbicular or oblong. Styles 2-3, nearly free, stigmas capitate. Nut pale, smooth.—A very singular little species, allied to P. spherostachyum ; variable in number of stamens, some of which are reduced to - capitellate filaments, and in the form of the sepals and fruit. 19. P. paleaceum, Wail. Cat. 1684; root-leaves long-petioled linear- oblong or -lanceolate crenulate base very narrow, spike solitary erect stout cylindric, flowers crowded suberect pink. P. confusum, Meissn. in Wall. Pl, As. Rar. iii. 53. P. carneum, C. Koch in Linnea, xxii. 197. KnasrA Mrs. ; alt. 4-6000 ft., abundant. Rootstock as thick as the thumb ; stem 6-16 in., slender. Leaves 3-9 in., very variable in breadth, obtuse or acute, base always narrowed into the slender petiole. Spikes 1-2 in., flowers crowded; bracts ovate, acuminate, scarious.— Very nearly allied to P. bistorta, but the leaves are always very gradually narrowed to the base, not forming broad wings below the base as usual in the European plants. This species is omitted by Meissner in the Prodromus. ** Perennial herbs with tufted or creeping branched rootstocks and erect simple rarely branched flowering stems bearing erect spikes. 20. P. amplexicaule, Don Prodr. 70; glabrous, densely tufted, Polygonum.] ^ cxix. POLYGONACE. (J. D. Hooker.) 33 flowering stems 2-3 ft. very slender, leaves large long-petioled ovate-cordate caudate-acuminate crenulate upper amplexicaul, racemes very long-peduncled erect, bracts ovate, styles free slender. Meissn. in Wall. Pi, As. Rar. iii. 54, andin DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.126 ; Bab. in Trans. Linn, Soc, xviii. 96 ; Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 46; Bot. Mag. t. 6500. P. oxyphyllum, Wall. Cat. 1715; Meissn. $ UE ambiguum, Meissn. ll. c.; Wight Ic. t. 1797. P. petiolatum, Don : €. fid. Bab, TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Murree, alt. 6-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 9-13,000 ft. Rootstock stout, woody, branched. Stems 2-3 ft., green, sparingly leafy. Lower leaves 3-6 in, long, minutely papillose beneath, especially on the nerves; stipules 1-2 in., narrow, tips torn. Racemes 1-2, 2-6 in. long. Flowers red, white or greenish-white, 41 in, diam. S¢amens 8, anthers exserted. Ovary 3-gonous. ar. speciosa; flowers larger, j in. diam., deep purplish-red or claret-coloured. P. speciosum, Wall. Cat, 1716 ; Meissn. il. c.—Occurs throughout the range of the ` *Pecies, and is the only form found hitherto in Sikkim, the specimens from whence are Very stout. In Nepal it occurs in a large branched form. 21. P. affine, Don Prodr. 70, excl. syn.; glabrous, densely tufted, flowering stems 4-12 in., leaves sessile or shortly petioled linear- or elliptic- anceolate or oblanceolate acute or obtuse crenulate glaucous beneath cauline W, racemes shortl peduncled stout erect, flowers suberect, styles free slender, eissn. Monog. Polyg. 52, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1, 126; Bab. in ans. Linn, Soc, xviii. 97; Bot. Mag. t. 6472. P. Brunonis, Wail. Cat. 1692; Royle Ill. 317, t. 80, £. 3; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 54; Lidl. & Past. Fl. Gard. ii. t. 37; Lemaire Jard, Fleur. t. 117. P. Do- manum, Spreng. Syst. Cur. post, 154. ALPINE andS UBALPINE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir, alt, 8-14,000 ft, eastward umaon, alt, 11-13 ft. WESTERN TIBET. Rootstock woody, long: bran ched, often tortuous, and 4-8 in. long ; crown clothed with scarious old stipules. Leaves chiefly radical, 2-4 in., narrowed into the petio e, bro, reticulate, margins recurved; stipules }-1 in., entire or split, any eed , Town, P eduncles 3-8 in. usually stout. Racemes 2-3 in., obtuse, flowers mE d, H in. diam, Sepals elliptic-oblong. Nut 3-gonous.—Iskardo and Kashmir *Pecimens attain 16 in. in height. 22. p. vacciniifolium, Wall. Cat. 1695; tufted, glabrous, branches trailing and creeping, leaves shortly petioled small orbicular or elliptic acute s both ends or acuminate quite entire, stipules rigid laciniate with many vag strong excurrent nerves, racemes subsessile, styles filiform e pm. in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 54, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 126; Bove Fr 317, t. 80, f£. 2; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 96; Lindl. § Pact. : Gard. ii. 37; Bot, Mag. t. 4622. Wage ERATE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Bhotan, alt. 9-14,000 ft. ~ LIBET; Ladak, alt. 14-16,500 ft., Stewart. — den otstock sometimes as thick as the little finger and twisted, usually longer iore sti der and much branched ; branches leafy. Leaves 4-3 in., rather glande DES pales 31-1 in., brown, giving a crinite appearance to the tips of the young ier emes ns In. ; bracts acuminate p flowers rose-red, 3 in, doris s tamer sufficiently distinguishable or S vars, obtusifolium, medium, and flage A 23. P. emodi, Meisen, ; „ii. 51, 54, t. 287, and in 7 Meissn. il. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 51, 54, t. 287, DC. £ Tod», xiv, 1.197; gla ue. rootatoók elongate, branches trailing Ms ~Ping, leaves subsessi e rigid linear-lanceolate acuminate at ada auite entire striate-nerved, stipules long membranous acuminate many “so peduncled, stamens included, flowers pedicelled, npe free 34 CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [JPolygonum. filiform. Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 98. P. Meissneri, Wall. Cat. 1693, TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Dalhousie to Bhotan, alt. 8-11,000 ft. . Rootstock as thick as a goose-quill; branches 6-10 in., internodes often 1-13 Dey with short ascending leafy branches. Leaves 14-2 in., margins recurved ; stipules 1 in. Racemes 1-1} in., few-fid.; bracts acuminate; flowers red. Perianth à in. long. Stamens 8, Nut ellipsoidly rhombic, angles very obtuse. Sect. VII. PERSICARIA, Meissn. Erect or decumbent annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually narrow; stipules tubular, often ciliate. Flowers in spiciform racemes, often glandular; bracts more or less tubular, usually truncate, often ciliate. Perianth 4-5-partite, not enlarged in fruit. Stamens 4-8, often alternating with glands. Styles 2-8, free or connate below, stigmas usually capitate. Wut trigonous or biconvex, cotyledons accumbent. . * Styles 2, rarely 3; nut biconver, (See also P. Hydropiper.) 24. P. glabrum, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 447; glabrous, leaves 4-8 in. petioled lanceolate or linear-lanceolate finely acuminate glandular or not, stipules membranous eciliate glabrous, racemes slender panicled, peduncles usually quite glabrous, bracts rarely ciliolate. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 115, and in Mart. Fl. Bras. v. 1, t. 14; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 287; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 102; Wight Ic. t. 1799; Wall. Cat. 1711; Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pl. 172; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 214. . P. Poiretii, Meissn. in Wall. Cat. 1712, &c. P. Persicaria, Wall. Cat. 1720.—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. t. 77. In ditches, &c., from AssaM, SILHET and BENGAL westward to the Inpus and. ScINDE, and southward to BURMA, ascending the HIMALAYA to 6400 ft. in GaRWHAL. CEYLON, common.—DISTRIB. Tropical Asia, Africa and America. Stem 2-4 ft., sometimes as thick as the finger, rarely diffusely branched, often red. Leaves usually dark brown and shining when dry; stipules rarely with a few short cilia. Racemes 2-4 in., very slender ; bracts truncate, tip oblong or rounded, few-fld. Perianth very variable in size, white or rosy. Stamens 6-8. Nut orbicular, biconvex, black, shining.—It is difficult to separate this from smooth forms of P. Persicaria, of which it is the tropical representative; it is, however, much larger, less branched, with more attenuate leaves brown when dry, and normally eciliate bracts and stipules. Meissner doubtfully cites under his var. obscurum (which is the common state of the ~ plant in India) Roxburgh's P. tenellum, on the faith of a note of Wallich’s in Herb. DC. ; but the published tene?/um of Roxburgh has filiform racemes and trigonous nuts, and is what I suppose to be P. flaccidum. Boissier points out (under P. senegalense) that the Affghan habitat attributed to this by Meissner is a mistake for Loodiana. Var. glandulosissima, Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 57, and in DC. 1. c., is the glandular-leaved state of the plant, and is the P, fluviatile, Herb. Ham, and Wall. Cat. 1711 E; the nut is trigonous in Hamilton's specimen. Var. scabrinervis ; peduncles often glandular above, leaves glandular, midrib beneath scabrid. P. scabrinerve, Royle mss. ; Meissn. l. c. 121, in part; Bab. 1. c. 101. P. quadri- fidum, Ham, in Wall. Cat. 1711 F.—N.W. India, Royle; Soane River, J. D. H.; Bengal; Burma; Ceylon.—Hamilton’s specimens have a deceased inflorescence. Var.? macrantha; leaves densely gland-dotted, midrib beneath scabrid, racemes very stout, bracts oblong, flowers nearly 4 in. diam, rose-cold., styles 2 or 3.—Silhet station, Clarke.—The specimens are very indifferent, but I think referable to P. gla- órum. It must be a handsome plant. . 25. P. amphibium, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1028; perennial, leaves usually floating oblong or lanceolate, stipules truncate ciliate or not, racemes solitary dense-fldj peduncles hairy, bracts eciliate, perianth Polygonum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 35 eglandular, fruit ovoid faces convex. -Meissn. in DC. Prodr, xiv. 1. 115; - Dan. t. 282, WESTERN HIMALAYA, Falconer; Kumaon, alt. 6400 ft., Strachey & Winter- bottom ; Kashmir, Zhomson.—-DIsTRIB. Westward to the Atlantic, N. Asia and merica, Rootstock creeping, woody. Leaves long petioled and floating, or subsessile and aerial, obtuse or acute, serrulate or ciliate, eglandular; stipules glabrous or hispid. acemes very stout, 1-2 in. long; peduncle stout; bracts acute obtuse or cuspidate. Sepals è in., not nerved, bright red, much longer than the shining nut. 26. P. lanigerum, Br. Prodr. 419 ; much branched, clothed with snow-white cottony tomentum, leaves petioled or sessile narrowly lanceolate “cuminate rarely glabrous above, stipules short truncate eciliate, racemes -2 in. slender, bracts small crowded glabrous or tomentose eciliate. fisen, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 55, and in DC. Prodr. xiv.1.117 ; Benth. TL Austral. v. 971; Boiss, Fl. Orient. iv. 1030; Wall. Cat. 1714. P. natum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29, and Fl. Ind. ii. 285. P. arachnoideum, otszeh mss, In ditches, &c. ; Bexear, Roxburgh, ROHILKUND, Wallich, Thomson, and along the lower Himaraya from Sikkim to the Beas River ; Belgaum, Herb, Wight. ISTRIB. Java, Philippines, Egypt, Tropical and S. Africa and America, Australia. ü tem 2-5, ft., procumbent and creeping below, sometimes much thicker than the , umb; branches slender, much divided, divaricating, white, ** deep red within, espe- cially at the joints," Roxb. Leaves 4-8 in., finel y acuminate, thickly cottony beneath ; stipules membranous, mouth unequal. Racemes in slender divaricate cottony peduncles ; St Very small, obtuse or acute, and small red or white perianth eglandular. amens 6. Nut orbicular, small, flat, black, shining.—Roxburgh describes this as annual, ier calls it annual in his clavis and perennial in his description, others latte! ennial; the great size of the rooting base of the stem would indicate the Var. glutinosa ; duncles and perianth glandular. P. glutinosum, Wall. Cat. I, Meissn, in Wall Pl. As. nb. iii. bs, and in DC. l. c. 120.—Banks of the ‘pee Wallich,—This appears to me a form of P. lanigerum growing ia dry e root is annual. S., Africa. 27. P. la athifoliu Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1030; annual, coe branched, leaves subsessile elliptic-ovate or lanceolate glandular neath ciliolate, stipules sparingly ciliate, racemes dense-fld. erect or 1 p bracts eciliate, pedicels usually glandular, perianth greenish . Blandu ar nerves strong, stamens usually 6. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 93 Reichb. Te, Crit. e 495; Engl. Bot. t. 1382. 1 ains of N, I : : westwards to Kashmir, ascenc ing a * Himalaya to 7000 &. ; var Jase from BENGAL to the Sutlej, ascending the Hima- Ya to 6000 ft, The Concan.—Disrris. W. and N. Asia, Europe, Africa, and America, a: nodosa ; taller, mo e branched, spikes oblong, perianth reddish not so culate veined, nut smaller, P. nodosum, Pers. ; Meissn. in DC. l. c. 118. P. ma- yer rimen. . . * ara; spik indri . laxum, Reichd. Ic. Crit. v. 56, t. 492. times DP E D pbi T boit tf^ Stach ite g. e P. Persicaria, Linn., Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1030; rr. erect 36 CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Polygonum. or ascending, leaves subsessile elliptic-oblong or lanceolate eglandular, stipules usually hirsute and ciliate, racemes oblong dense-fid., bracts ciliate, pedicels glabrous, perianth red eglandular nerves slender, stamens usually 6. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.1.117 ; Reichb. Ic. Crit. v. 55, t. 491; Engl. Bot. t. 756. Western HIMALAYA ; Kashmir, Falconer, &c. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 9-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c.—DisTRIB. N. and W. Asia, Europe, Africa, N. America, . Under P. lapathifolium Y have alluded to the difficulty of distinguishing this plant from its var. nodosa, in India at any rate. I must leave a further study of the forms of both to Indian botanists, with living specimens to work upon. . 29. P. minus, Huds.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 111; slender, erect or ascending, glabrous, leaves sessile linear- or oblong-lanceolate sub- acute, stipules sparsely strigose truncate ciliate cilia much shorter than the tube, racemes erect filiform, bracts close rarely interrupted glabrous ciliate, perianth eglandular, nut polished. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1029; Miquel Fl. nd. Bat. i. 1002. P. Posumbu, Wall. Cat. 1722 (not of Ham.). P.tenellum, Blume Bijd. 530. P. hypostictum, Miquel in Herb. Hohen., No. 971. P. Banca, Herb. Ham. P. strictum, Allioni; Wight Ic. t. 1800. Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Assam and CHITTAGONG to KASH- MIR, and southward to TRAVANCORE, ascends the Himalaya to 6000 ft. CEYLON, ascending to 4000 ft.—DISTRIB. Europe, Temperate and Tropical Asia. Stem sometimes creeping, 6-10 in. high or long, much branched or simple. Leaves usually under 2 in., glabrous or puberulous beneath, or minutely strigose on the midrib beneath; stipules 1—3 in., with stiff closely appressed bristles. Racemes 4-1 in., erect; flowers minute. Nut orbicular.— The nuts are rather smaller than in European specimens, but I find no other difference. Wight describes the Nilghiri plant as 2-3-gynous and 5-6-androus, Small states cf P. serrulatum are with difficulty distinguished from this. 30. P. assamicum, JMeissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1l. 111; diffusely branched and creeping, and ascending, branches glabrous, leaves dark green when dry petioled elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate subacute or acuminate glabrous or with the nerves beneath setulose and margins ciliate, stipules strigose cilia as long as the tube, racemes 1-13 in. very slender and on ver slender pedicels, bracts interrupted glabrous truncate ciliate, periant eglandular, stamens 5 or 6. Assam, Wallich, Masters; CACHAR, J. D. H. 4 T. T.—DisrRIB. Burma, Griffith. The prostrate habit, dark-green petioled broader leaves, longer cilia of the stipules and more slender interrupted racemes, at once distinguish this remarkable species, which has the colour of P. tinctorium when dry. The Burmese specimen is very much stouter than the Assam and Cachar ones, and has leaves 4 by 1j in. The nut is like that of P. minus. tt Styles 3, rarely 2. Nut 3-gonous, rarely biconvez. 31. P. viscosum, Ham. in Don Prodr.71; annual, stem ascending and branches hirsute with spreading bristly hairs and glands, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate acute or acuminate strigose, stipules short hirsute, racemes 1-14 in. erect, bracts close strigose and ciliate, perianth eglandular. Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 73; in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 55,andin DOC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 102; Wall. Cat. 1713. P. strigosum & hirsutum, Herb. Ham. — Nepal, Hamilton; Kuasta Mrs., SILHET and Cacnan, De Silva, Griffith, &c. | Stem 1-3 ft., stout or slender, hollow, hairs flexuous, glandular or not. Leaves 2-7 in., glandular or not beneath, usually drying brown, stipules 3-3 in. Racemes Polygomwm.] ^ cxix. Potyconacex. (J.D. Hooker.) 37 rather slender ; peduncles densely glandular; bracts short; flowers bright red, hardly exserted, Stamens 8. Nut broadly trigonous, black,—I find no character for Meiss- ner's var. verrucosum,'of which I think the varnish is due to the glue used in mounting the specimen. Var. minor; smaller, weaker, more slender and sparsely hirsute, green when dry, leaves 1-1} in. elliptic-lanceolate obtuse. Wall. Cat, 1718 C.—Nepal (cult. in Hort. Bot. Cale.) ; Silhet. | 32. P. stagninum, Ham. mss.; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 56, in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 104; stem erect or ascending and branches glabrous below above and peduncles subsilkily strigose, leaves 3-5 in. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate acuminate strigosely pubescent on both surfaces glandular or not beneath, stipules strigose cilia dnorter than the tube, racemes strict erect, bracts close glabrous or strigose ciliate, perianth eglandular. P. to- mentosum, Wall. Cat. 1709/4 in part, E, G, H. P. barbatum, Wall. Cat. 1708 F. P. Bishire, Ham. mss. ; and P. conspersum, Meissn. in Wall. Pl. 4s. Rar. l. c., and in DC. L c. 102. P. hispidum, Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 100 (not of Don). P. Hamiltonii, Meissn. in DC. l. c. 104, excl. syn. P. hispidum, (not of Sprengel). P. Goyalpara, Herb. Ham. P. Horne- manni, Meissn. in DC. l. c. 107. Throughout the hotter parts of India, from CHITTAGONG, CACHAR and BENGAL to CHAMBA, ascending the Himalaya in Sikkim and Kumaon to 4000 ft. MYSORE, Clarke. Prav and Burma, Wallich. . Annual? Stem simple or branched. Leaves usually grey when dry, young often silky. Racemes stout or slender ; peduncles usually long and stout ; bracts glabrous or more or less (sometimes densely) strigose, very many-fld. ; flowers white. Styles long, slender, connate below. Nut pitchy black.—Very near P. barbatum, and probably a form of it; but the peduncles are invariably strigose, the racemes and cilia of the stipules both shorter. Meissner refers Sprengel's Hamiltonii which is Hamilton’s hispidum) to the neighbourhood of P. barbatum, but I am disposed to place it under P, Jlaccidum, whilst the rest of Meissner's Hamiltonii-comes here. 33. P. barbatum, Linn.; Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 104; branches stout erect and peduncles glabrous, or nearly so, leaves 4-7 in. lanceolate or inear-lanceolate acuminate glabrous except the ciliolate margins and mid- rib beneath, stipules®strigose cilia longer than the tube, racemes 2-4 in. slender erect, bracts close glabrous sparingly and shortly ciliate, perianth eglandular white, stamens 5-8. Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 100; Wall. Cat, 1708, excl. F; Wight Ic.t.1798; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 999. P. rivu- lare, Ken. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 290; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 172; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 214. P. Hornemanni, Meissn. in DC. Ll. c. 107. P. Mar- moram: & fluviatile, Herb. Ham. Throughout the hotter parts of India, from AssAM to the INDUS, and southwards to MALACCA, PENANG and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Tropical Asia and Africa. - The nearly or quite glabrous stems and peduncles, the long bearded stipules, long Weak slender but erect racemes, and shorter weaker cilia of the bracts, best distinguish this from- p, stagninum ; but none of these characters holds good by itself, and I look to Indian botanists for further information. I am not certain that the synonymy of these plants is quite right, there is so much confusion between the names adopted by Hamilton, Wallich and Roxburgh, which last author has different names for the same plant in his Herbarium, his Icones and his Flora. The barbatum of “Flora Indica” is, I think, certainly what I have retained as flaccidum ; that so led on his authority in Herb. Wallich is P. Hydropiper; that of his Icones is undoubted]y P. tomentosum; whilst in his Herbarium P. barbatum is jabelled P. p aticum, which suggests to me that it is the rivulare of “ Flora Indica," of which ere is a poor drawing in his Icones, representing a very narrow-leaved plant with short stipules and slender racemes of white flowers. 38 CXIX. POLYGONACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) Polygonum. 34. P. serrulatum, Lagasc.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1028 ; stem pros- trate and rooting below, branches and peduncles glabrous, leaves 9-4 in. subsessile linear- or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate, gla- brous or sparsely hairy beneath, base rounded cordate or acute, stipules strigose cilia as long as the tube, racemes 3-1} in. slender erect, bracts glabrous strongly often squarrosely ciliate, perianth eglandular, stamens 5-8, nut trigonous polished. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 110. P. flaccidum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 291 (not of Meissn. or Boiss. P. mite?, Wall. Cat. 1721 E, G, 1721/a in part. P. Rapte, Herb. Ham. Plains and low hills of N. INDIA, from Assam and BENGAL to the INDUS, ascend- ing to 4000 ft.; in the HIMALAYA, from Kumaon westwards.—DISTRIB. W. Asia, S. Europe, all Africa, America, Australia. . Habit between small states of P. barbatum and P. minus, of which latter this is probably a form with stouter racemes and more ciliate bracts and stipules. Specimens with leaves rounded or cordate at the base are distinct enough from both. Boissier describes it as perennial with rosy flowers, but the Indian plant is an annual with white flowers. Meissner and Boissier could not have attended to Roxburgh's descrip- tion of his P. flaccidum (leaves cordate at the base), or they would have identified that plant with this; Roxburgh’s figure of this (under the name of P. flaccidum) represents the leaves as much broader and more cordate at the base than I have ever seen them to be. A remarkable state from Dufla in Bhotan, collected by Booth, has the under surface of the leaves studded with a yellow secretion in minute dots. Var. Donii ; tall, slender, leaves petioled elliptic or lanceolate acuminate at both ends sparsely hairy beneath, racemes long slender erect, bracts close imbricate with one far removed and low on the slender peduncle, cilia as long as the tube. P. Donii, Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 72, excl. syn., and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 105, excl. cit. of Wight.—Nepal, Wallich. There are two sheets of this inthe Hookerian Herbarium (from Wallich, 1821), one with the narrow leaves described by Meissner, the other with much broader elliptic ones, They closely resemble P. flaccidum var. hispida, but the closer bracts with long spreading cilia and eglandular perianth distinguish it. From P. Posumbu most of the same characters separate it, but it is in many respects intermediate between these two. 35. P. Posumbu, Ham. in Don Prodr. 71 (not of Wallich); flaccid, very slender, stem extensively creeping below and peduncles quite glabrous, leaves 1-3 in. petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous or sparsely hairy, stipules sparingly strigose, cilia stiff longer than the tube, peduncles and erect racemes filiform sometimes very long, bracts minute close or distant very shortly ciliate, perianth very small eglandular, nut per- fectly smooth and polished. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 105, in part; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 1.1000. P. Donii, Wall. Cut. 1723 B. P. caespitosum, Blume Bijd. 532 (of Herb. Lugd. Bat.). P. gracile, Herb. Ham. TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Sikkim to Nepal. ASSAM, SILHET, CACHAR and the Kuasta Mrs., ascending to 5000 ft, —DrsrRIB. Munnipore, Java, China and Japan. Stem creeping for 1-3 ft., then ascending or decumbent for 12-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves very membranous, ciliolate; petiole sometimes 4 in. Racemes 1-3 in., always erect, very variable in length, sometimes almost capillary and 5 in. long with distant bracts, at others short with imbricate upper bracts and remote lower ones (these resembling small specimens of serrulatum). Nut 3-gonous, very small.—There are no Nepal specimens of this in Hamilton's or Wallich’s Herbaria. Hamilton's are from Goalpara in Assam, and are not ticketed P. Posumbu, which name nowhere appears in his collection. Meissner’s a tenerum is the right plant; his 8 firmum is composed of this and of P. flaccidum; his y macrophyllum is P. Jlaccidum ; his 8? cespitosum is right; his e? ovatum would appear to be Ceratogo ATER A A REP e Polygonum. ] CXIX. POLYGONACEÆ®. (J. D. Hooker.) 39 non atriplicifolium, both from the number of Wallich’s, which he quotes (1719), and ° from the length of the petiole (6-8 lines).— Don's publication of Posumbu and Blume's of cespitosum are contemporaneous. 96. P. Hydropiper, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1029; glabrous, rather robust, stem erect or ascending branched, leaves subsessile or petioled lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or with the costa scabrid beneath, stipules glabrous or sparsely strigose very shortly ciliate, racemes filiform decurved interrupted, bracts glabrous glandular or not mouth naked or minutely ciliate, perianth very glandular pink, nut usually trigonous Opaque granulate. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 109 ; Fl. Dan. t. 1376; Reichb. Ic. Crit. v. t. 494. P. mite, Wall. Cat. 1791 F, H. Plains and hills of. Inpra, in wet places, from AssaM, SILHET, CHITTAGONG and BENGAL to N.W. INDIA; ascending the Kuasta Mrs. to 5000 ft., and the Hrwanaya to 7000 ft. Mapmas (coll. @. Thomson).—Distr1B. Westward to Europe and N. Africa, Temperate and Subtropical Asia, Java, N. America, Australia, Annual, roots tufted or shortly creeping ; stems and branches rather stout, leafy, 12-18 in. high, always glabrous, often glandular, nodes often swollen. Leaves rarely more than 3 in. long, very variable in width and in the length of the apex, usually Covered with impressed glands; stipules glabrous, or with scattered erect appressed hairs that are sunk in the tissue of the stipule. Racemes flexuous, leafy at the base ; bracts variable as to ciliation, which is always short, usually broader than in P. Jlaccidum ; perianth pinkish. Nué sometimes flat, finely granular.—I cannot dis- tinguish this from the European P. Hydropiper, though the cilia of the stipules are often longer and the nut smaller. Hamilton in a note upon his specimen (under the name of flaccidum), says that Roxburgh desired that it should bear the name of Pani-maricha, i.e. water-pepper. The Eastern specimens have more commonly a Scabrid costa (which, however, varies in amount to total absence), and have more often sunk hairs in the stipules. I find these latter in European specimens; in Which also I find occasional cilia on the bracts, but never a scabrid costa to the leaf. It is the P. barbatum of Roxb., according to a specimen in Herb. Wallich, but not of the “ Flora Indica." Zollinger's No. 95 from Java is identical with the Indian plant. The long cilia of the more glabrous stipules, shorter racemes and more crowded flowers distinguish this from P. flaccidum. . Var. ? eglandulosa ; perianth eglandular, nut compressed.— Western Himalaya, dgeworth; Kunawur, Jamu and Ladak, Zhomson.—But for the more drooping Tacemes and smaller pink flowers this would be P. mite, L., to which I was inclined to refer it, but Mr. Baker regards it as a form of Hydropiper. 37. P. flaccidum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 107, in part, excl. syn. (not of Roxburgh); glabrous or pubescent, stem erect or ascending simple or branched, leaves usually petioled lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, stipules strigose or hirsute, cilia half as long as the tube or onger, racemes very long filiform decurved, bracts usually very distant glabrous glandular, mouth ciliate, nut trigonous rarely compressed opum anulate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1029, excl. syn. Donii.. orb. Fl. Ind. ii. 989 (not of Willd.). P.Posumbu, Thwaites Enum. 2D. P. tenellum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 289. P. Doni Wight Ze. t. 1801. T. mite ?, Wall. Cat. 1721/2, 3, D, 1723/1 b, C. P. Rottleri, Hoth Nov. Sp. 205. P. rivulare, Herb. Helf. (ew Meissn.). P. asperulum, Wall. mss. P. Bisculatium, Herb. Ham. P. ciliatum, Jc. Roxb. Common throughout Inpra in wet places, ascending the Himalaya to 4000 ft., and extending to Ceyrox and Mazacca.—DisTRIB. Malay Archipelago. —. 1 sg ually a much taller, longer and larger leaved species than P. Hydropiper, an ‘ring in other characters indicated under that plant. 9f perennial?, shortly creeping ; stems 2-3 ft., usually erect and slender 40 CXIX. POLYGONACEE, (J.D. Hooker) [Polygonum. ` glabrous or strigose. Leaves 2-6 in., glabrous altogether or with the exception of the costa and nerves beneath, or hispidly or strigosely hairy on the surfaces or below . only, brown when dry, more for less glandular. Stipules usually very strigose with stiff appressed hairs, cilia often as long as the tube. Racemes subpaniculate, some- times 6 in. long and extremely slender; bracts glabrous, more or less ciliate, glan- dular or not; perianth bright pink, very thickly glandular. Stamens 8. _ Nut small, black, minutely granular.—The taller, longer-leaved, hairy forms of this are very distinct from P. Hydropiper, but amongst a large suite of specimens of both, some occur that it is difficult to refer to one rather than tothe other. As pointed out under P. serrulatum, Roxburgh’s P. flaccidum is that plant. This obliges me to retain the name ( flaccidum) as Meissner's, though in so doing I am unable to take in his syno- nymy and his varieties, which are much confused. Boissier gives Affghanistan Griffith as a locality for this species, but I have seen no specimens, and his description quite agrees with the Indian plant. I can hardly doubt this being Roth’s P. Rottleri, which he received from Heyne (under the name of P. barbatum, Rottler), but am puzzled by his description of “style quite simple and stigma capitate "—in allied species he always speaks of stigmas. I do not see how glabrous forms differ from the American P. acre, HBk., except, as Meissner observes (in Fl. Bras.), by the granulate (not smooth polished) nut. Var. hispida ; leaves elliptic ovate much smaller 1-13 in. long, hirsute beneath or on both surfaces, glands of perianth less strong. P. hispidum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 71, not of Meissn. or Bab. P. Posumbu, Meissn. in DC. l. c. 105, in part. P. Hamil- tonii, Spreng. Syst. Veg., Cur. post. 155 (not of Meissn.) P. Babingtoni, Endl. Gen. Pi. Suppl. iv. 47, excl. syn. Bab. P. mite, Wall. Cat. 1723, 1 a, in part.— Nepal, Hamilton; Kumaon, at Naini tal, alt. 6400 ft., Strach. & Winterb. (No. 17) ; Hawalbagh, T'homson.—A specimen in Wallich's Herbarium of Hamilton's P. Aispi- dum shows that this plant has been misunderstood first by Babington, who described for it a variety of P. barbatum, or P. Bishirc, followed by Meissner (in De Candolle), who did the same, adopting the name of Hamiltonii, which had been proposed for it by Sprengel (there being an earlier P. hispidum); and lastly by Endlicher, who included both Hamilton's and Babington's plants under the third name of P. Babing- toni. Beyond this I have been unable to unravel completely the synonymy of this obscure plant, which differs from P. flaccidum in its much shorter leaves and less glandular perianth. It resembles P. serrulatum var. Donii, which differs in the coarse strong cilia of the bracts, 38. P. macranthum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 207 ; tall, erect, stem glabrous or sparsely strigose, leaves 2-6 in. petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous or sparsely hispid beneath, stipules substrigose, cilia as long as the tube, racemes long narrow erect strict, bracts closely imbricate with one or two removed far below glabrous shortly ciliate eglandular, perianth very large, nut large polished. Polygonum, No. 21, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. ASSAM, Wallich, Griffith, &e. SiLBET, the JHEELS and KHASIA Mrs., ascending to 5000 ft, J. D. H. & T. T., Clarke. Habit and size of P. flaccidum, but at once distinguished by the strict rarely flexuous (never decurved) racemes 3-6 in. long, with closely imbricating bracts and the polished nut.—1 have seen but two flowering specimens, in which the perianth is nearly ł in. diam. ; and from the small size of the buds in numerous other specimens I suspect that the perianth may vary much in size, The nut is nearly ài in. long, jet-black, quite smooth, shining with obtuse angles. Sect. VIII. CrrnaLoPHILON, Meissn.; erect or prostrate unarmed annuals, rarely perennial-rooted, or shrubs. Leaves usuall : : ) broad entire or runcinately lobed or auricled; stipules short, tubular. Flowers in single or corymbose heads (spikes in P. muricatum); bracts flat, hardly tubular. Perianth 4-5-lobed or -partite. Stamens 6-8, glands 0 or obscure. Styles 2-3, filiform, conuate below or throughout, stigmas capitate. Wut tri- | TIRES TREE NUTS TNR em Polygonum.] ^ cxix. poryconacex. (J. D. Hooker.) 41 gonous or biconvex, enclosed in or adnate to the often enlarged and some- times fleshy perianth-tube; cotyledons accumbent. 39. P. humile, Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 59, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 128; small, sparsely glandular-hairy, stem filiform, leaves 4 in. subsessile ovate acute or rhombic-ovate, mouth of stipules very oblique, heads long peduncled small, bracts very small ovate-lanceolate acute, stamens 5-6, nut biconvex striate and punctate. P. perforatum, Wall. Cat. 1700, in part. TEMPERATE and ALPINE HIMALAYA; Kunawur, Grant; Kumaon, alt. 8500 ft., Sey d Winterbottom; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft., J. D. H., arke, Annual Stem 4-6 in., simple and erect or diffusely branched from the base, aves very uniform, epunctate, sometimes narrowed into a short broad petiole. Heads + in. diam., on long slender pedicels, without an involucral leaf; bracts longer than the flowers. Perianth greenish, tube closely investing but not cohering with the nut, eglandular ; lobes very short, rounded. Nut black, coarsely punctate ; styles slender, connate below, stigmas capitate. 40. P. glaciale, Hook. f.; dwarf, flaccid, glabrous, subsucculent, leaves long-petioled broadly ovate obtuse, heads small sessile or peduncled, peduncle minutely glandular at the tip, bracts broadly ovate obtuse gla- Prous about equalling the 3-gonous nut. P. perforatum y. glaciale, Meissn, mn DC. Prodr, xiv. 1. 128. P. perforatum, Aitchison in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 90, ALPINE and SuBALPINE HixALAYA; Kashmir, alt. 8400-12,000 ft., Clarke; f mawur and Piti, alt. 9000—11,000 ft., Thomson; Kumaon, alt. 13,000 ft., Strachey interbottom, &c.— Ty 18TRIB. Affghanistan. : Annual, 2-4 n. high, branched from the root, branches diffuse. Leaves Hi a nerves indistinct, surfaces minutely granular when dry; petiole as long as the blade, Winged above only ; stipules short, cupular, simple or 2-lobed, glabrous. Heads jin. wt» Without an involucral leaf. Perianth hyaline; lobes subequal, obtuse: tamens b. Nut minute, closely invested by the perianth-tube, black, striolate an punctate, —The long petioles at once distinguish this from P. alatum. 4l. P. alatum, Ham. mss.; Spreng. Syst. Veg., Cur. post. 154; tall, tel low and procumbent, glabrous or sparsely hairy, leaves large or an involucral leaf, bracts ovate-lanceolate glabrous not ciliate, fate anth 1-5-fid., stamens 7-8, nut biconvex or trigonous striate and punc- e. xviii. 105, Rar. i 59, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 128, evel. y. glaciale; Wall. Cat. hp ghout th ; t 4-10,000 ft. elevation, from Sikkim to Kashmir, © masm Apa Aya 4 8000 fe NILGHIRI Mrs. (a weed in gardens), á a. Canara; Bababudan Hills, Heyne. CEYLON, abundant.— DISTRIB. Affghan- , ava, Ja n "me iege n Stem me aping for a short distance at the base, erect and sub- Pao: 9r branched from the base; branches 6-18 in. high, slender or rather stout, Pim cr stiff, erect ascending or prostrate, glabrous or sparsely grandular-hairy. bool, the largest specimens 2-3 in. long, and the smallest 4 in., base sene rdate, Suddenly contracted into the broadly-winged petiole which is often 42 CXIX. POLYGONACEX, (J. D. Hooker) = [Polygonum. auricled at the base; stipules glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular, rarely ciliate. Heads 4-} in. diam. ; peduncles short or long, always glandular-hairy above; involu- cral leaf often longer than the head, sessile, ovate-cordate, obtuse or acute. Sepals white or pale purple, membranous, subequal, very variable in size. Stamens included. Style long with one or two long arms and capitate stigmas. Nut varying in size in the same head, closely invested with and cohering with the thin perianth-tube and crowned with its lobes.—I fail to discriminate between Meissner's P. perforatum and P. nepalense, and I have taken for both Hamilton's name of alatum as adopted by Sprengel for his punctatum. The absolute character whereby these supposed species were distinguished, that of the biconvex and trigonous nut, is accompanied by no other, and I have taken typical nuts of both forms from one head of a Nilghiri specimen. ' Meissner himself observes that his nepalense has sometimes trigonous nuts. The character of glandular leaves again is most variable, and eglandular specimens are far the most abundant. Of the following forms some may prove to belong to distinct species, but I doubt it. . P. alatum proper; stems 1-2 ft., leaves large glandular or not, heads large, invol. leaf large, bracts obtuse or subacute, nut trigonous. P. alatum, Spreng. l. c. P. punctatum, Ham. mss.—Abundant. . Var. nepalense; stems 1-2 ft., leaves large glandular or not, heads large, invol. leaf large, bracts obtuse or subacute, nut biconvex. P. nepalense, Meissn. Monog. l. c. t. 7,f.2; Wall. Cat.l. c. P. guttuliferum, Mig. Pl. Hohenack., No. 968 (leaves glandular).—Abundant. Var. parviflora; stem 1-2 ft. slender, leaves about 1 in.; heads small on more slender peduncles, bracts acute, lower recurved, nut trigonous. P. perforatum, Meissn. l. e. excl. y.; Wall. Cat. 1700.— Conrmon, also in Ceylon (nuts flat). Var. arenaria ; smaller, diffusely branched, stem elongate prostrate with ascend- ing flowering branches, leaves 3-1 in. narrower eglandular, petiole shorter, beads large, invol.leaf very small, bracts obtuse, fruiting perianth with a median rib on each face, nut biconvex.—Sikkim, sands of the River Rungeet, &c., Clarke, Treutler. Var. Metziana ; small, diffusely branched from the base, branches very slender prostrate and ascending, leaves broad 3-1 in. long glandular or not, petiole short, heads small, peduncles very slender, invol. leaf large or small, bracts acute, nut tri- gonous or biconvex. P. Metzianum, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack., No. 610.—Specimens with 3-gonous nuts are from Sikkim and the Khasia Mts., at 5000 ft. ; Kumaon and Dalhousie, 7000 ft. ; and with flat nuts from Parusnath, the Khasia Mts., Canara, the Nilghiri Mts. and Ceylon, all at above 4000 ft. Var. rigidula; dwarf, nearly glabrous, stem 2-3 in. strict erect subsimple or dichotomously branched, leaves 4-} in. acute eglandular, petiole short, heads small . (large for the size of the plant), invol. leaf large or small, bracts acute or acuminate, flowers purple-red, nut biconvex.—Kunawur, Grant ; Sikkim, alt. 7300 ft., Clarke.— Very like small specimens of P. humile. Var. tenuicaulis ; very slender, diffusely branched, quite glabrous except the tips of the peduncles, leaves 3-3 in. very narrow acuminate glandular, heads very small, peduncles capillary, bracts acuminate recurved, nut trigonous.—Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T., Clarke. 42. P. microcephalum, Don Prodr. 72; glabrous or sparsely hairy, stem rigid tall erect or decumbent below angled and grooved, leaves 3-5 in. hastately ovate-lanceolate or -oblong acuminate abruptly narrowed into the long winged petiole, stipules truncate often ciliate, heads small, - peduncle filitorm quite glabrous, involucral leaf 0, bracts oblong obtuse more or less ciliate, nut 3-gonous granulate. Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 82, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 59, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 199. P. statici- florum, Wall. Cat. 1704, excl. D. P. strigosum, Herb. Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 1732, under P. Wallichii. ? P. ciliatum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 73. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; SIKKIM, alt. 4-5000 ft, J. D. H. Kuasia Mrs. and SILHET, alt. 0-4000 ft. Root slender, perennial, woody ; stem 2-3 ft., often decumbent and rooting below at the nodes, glabrous or subhispid above. Leaves membranous, eglandular, ciliolate, ‘than the bracts, rose-cold. Nut flat or 3-gonous. Polygonum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 43 with the petiole sometimes auricled at the base, uppermost sessile and deeply amplexi- caul, Peduncles axillary and subterminal, often forked ; heads 4-4 in. diam.; perianth white, 5-cleft. Stamens 8. Styles 2-3, slender, connate below, stigma capi- tate.—It is curious that of 60 specimens examined not one bearsripe fruit. Meissner and Clarke (mss.) describe it as 3-gonous, but I find both digynous and trigynous flowers. Meissner’s var. B. subvillosa is a hirsute leaved state. Hamiltons P. ciliatum is a very doubtful plant; according to Don’s description it differs from P. microcephalum only inthe decumbent stem. Meissner describes the peduncles as sometimes hispidulovs, but I never find them so. 49. P. Wallichii, Meissn. Monogr. Polyg. 83, t. 7, £. 1, in Wall. Pl. As, Rar. iii. 60, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.129; glabrous, stem slender de- cumbent, branches ascending, leaves 1-2 in. ovate-cordate acuminate cilio- late, petiole not winged auricled at the base, stipules ciliolate, heads small, uncles subterminal short very slender quite glabrous, involucral leaf 0 or Way, bracts broadly oblong obtuse eciliate. Wall. Cat. 1702, excl. cit. of ight. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich, Scully; Sikkim, alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. Root perennial, creeping. Stems 2-3 ft., flexuous, stout, angled and grooved, prostrate but not rooting. Leaves 1-2 in., rather abruptly acuminate, uppermost cordate amplexicaul, auricles minute green ; stipules long, loose, glabrous or hairy. Peduncles subterminal; heads asin P. microcephalum, but bracts not ciliate. Perianth 5-fid. Stamens 6-8. Nut trigonous.—I have seen only a few specimens. The habit, and naked petioles with minute basal auricles and eciliate bracts distinguish this from P. microcephalum. Meissner is in error in citing Wight’s t. 1805 for this; it is clearly p. spherocephalum. 44. P. spherocephalum, Wall.Cat. 1703; rarely glabrous, stem very long slender creeping, branches short erect, leaves 1-3 in. ovate- or oblong- cordate acuminate ciliolate, petiole not winged nor auricled, stipules truncate mouth naked, peduncles glandular-hairy terminal and axi lary, ‘nvolucral leaf 0, bracts ovate-oblong acute eciliate. Meissn, in Wall. Pl. As. ar. iii. 60; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 107; Gercke in Bot. Reise Pr. Waldem. 136. P. Wallichii, Wight Ie. t.1805. P. podocephalum, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Waldem. t. 86. x TEMPERATE Hixaraya; Nepal, Wallich; Kumaon, alt. €-S000 ft., Royle, &c. VEEMI " DN Wight. i neo mial ?, Stems 2- e ting at the n roove pranches erect from the nodes reat with 2-3 long-petioled leaves terminating ü d solitary 1-headed peduncle. Leaves 1-3 in., eglandular, sparsely ary x OUS : peti . 1 a "i | h : us ; petiole to 1 in., winged at the top only. Meads d eimen in ‘Wight’ “Her it is manas much large — in.), with petioles winged to near the base ; it is marked p, Wallioit P end jo the Daly e seen of the Nilgihri plant figured by ight. In the plate he correctly figures the peduncles as bairy, and the stipules as ate, but he describes the former as glabrous, and the latter as shortly ciliate. He de + Dpose, figured spherocephalum from native specimens, and copied Meissner's ription of P. Jy; allichii, 45. P. runcinatum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 73; stem ascending from t creeping base smooth scabrid or hairy, leaves runcinate-pinnatifid glabrous erminal lobe triangular-ovate acuminate, petiole short with amplexicau ruricles, peduncles glandular-hispid above, "heads large, involucral leaf 0, Pay, blong eciliate, nut minute globosely 3-gonous. Meissn. Monog. mg 85, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 60, and in DO.tProdr. xiv. 1. 1905 all. Cat. 1698. P, reticulatum, De Bruyn. in Pl. Jungh. 300. CENTRAL and EastERN Hrwataxa; Nepal, Hamilton, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. odes, angular and grooved ; 44 CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) | [ Polygonum. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H., &e. Kuasta Mrs, alt. 4-5000 ft., Lobb, J. D. H. & T. T., &c.—DISTRIB. Java. Annual. Stems 10-18 in., slender, flaccid, grooved and angled, strict or flexuous, simple or branched. eaves 13-6 in., membranous, ciliolate, glabrous or sparsely hairy, uppermost simple and cordate-amplexicaul ; lateral lobes 1-3 pairs horizontally spreading, rounded or oblong ; auricles very variable, sometimes in mere green rings, at others nearly 1 in. diam.; stipules short, hairy and ciliate. Peduncles slender. Heads 3-3 in. diam.; flowers white or pink.’ Perianth 5-cleft. Stamens 7-8. Styles 3, slender, connate below. Nut opaque.—The var. B. javanicum has much larger more ovate trigonous nuts.—Extensively cultivated in Sikkim. 46. P. sinuatum, Royle mss.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 130; glabrous, stem creeping with short erect leafy branches, leaves runcinate- pinnatifid, terminal lobe rhomboid acute, petiole short with amplexicaul auricles, peduncles glabrous axillary, heads solitary, involucral leaf 0, bracts ovate obtuse, nut minute globosely trigonous. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Royle, alt. 9000 ft., Strachey d Winter- bottom; Garwhal, Falconer ; Kulu, alt. 8-10,500 ft., Stewart. Perhaps, as Meissner suggests, a variety of P. runcinatum, but creeping, much smaller in all its parts, and quite glabrous except occasionally the stipules, Jeaves 4-1 in., terminal lobe much smaller in proportion to the lateral and of a very different shape, sometimes almost transversely oblong and apiculate. The nut is the same in both. 47. P. capitatum, Ham. in Don Prodr. 73; stems or branches many stout creeping from a woody rootstock leafy, and stipules glandular-hirsute, leaves 3-13 in. shortly petioled elliptic acute, petiole 2-auricled at the base, stipules short cupular, heads 1-3, peduncles glabrous or glandular-hispid, involucral leaf 0, bracts ovate acute eciliate. Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 82, . and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.129; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 107. repens, Wall. Cat. 1699; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 60. SUBTROPICAL and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; on rocks, walls, &c., alt. 4-6000 ft., from Chamba to Bhotan. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. Perennial; rootstock stout, twisted ; stems or branches 6-10 in. long, trailing and rooting below, red-brown; hairs brown. Leaves crowded, bifarious, rather thick, . brownish when dry, eglandular, base sometimes cordate; petiole 4-4 in., auricles small rounded. Heads 4-3 in. diam., dense-fid., glandular and hairy; bracts glabrous. Perianth pink, 5-cleft; segments obtuse. Stamens 8. Nut 8.gonous, very small, yz in., much smaller in proportion to the perianth than in its allies —Meissner’s var. macilentum appears to have no definite character. 48. P. chinense, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 130; shrubby, glabrous or sparsely pubescent or glandular-pubescent, leaves petioled 3-5 in. from linear-oblong to oblong- or deltoid-ovate or -rotundate entire or cre- nulate, base truncate rounded acute or subcordate uppermost cordate amplexicaul, petiole hardly winged usually 2-auricled at the base, stipules long very obliquely truncate acute, heads panicled or corymbose, peduncles usually glandular-hairy, involucral leaf 0, bracts glabrous usually acute, fruiting perianth dry or fleshy, nut trigonous. Meissn. Monog. 60, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 60; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xviii. 109; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 289; Wight Ic. t. 1806; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl, 172; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 214. P. cymosum, Roxb. l.c. P. auriculatum, Meissn. Monog. 39, t. 6, and in Wall. Cat. 1705. P. polycephalum, Wall. Cat.1707. P. bra- chiatum, Poir. Dict. iv. 15; Lamk. Ill. 315, t. 4; Wall. Cat. 1706. P. patens, Don Prodr. 73; Meissn. Monog. 60. P. corymbosum, Willd. Sp. Pl. H.492. P. ovatum, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp.206.' P. adenotrichum, Wall. Polygonum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 45 mss. Ampelygonum chinense, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838; Mise. 63, No. 118. P. panduresforme, Ham. mss.; Wall. Cat. 1704 D. Coccoloba crispata, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 292. SUBTROPICAL and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 4-8000 ft. Assam, the KHASIA MTs., SILHET, CACHAR, CurrrAGONG, RANGOON and BURMA to Maracca. BEHAR, top of Parusnath, alt. 4000 ft. DECCAN PENINSULA ; on the Western Ghats from the Concan southward. CEYLON, abundant.—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Philippine Islands, China and Japan. A rambling or erect shrub, reaching 5 ft.; stems and branches many from the root, stout, flexuous, angled and grooved. Leaves extremely variable, rarely orbicular ; gland-dotted or not, rigid or membranous, flat or undulate; petiole short, winged above, auricles extremely variable, deciduous usually rounded, sometimes } in. broad, at others suppressed ; stipules often in. long with long waving points. Heads very variable in number, 4-4 in, diam.; peduncles divaricate; flowers white, pink or purplish. Perianth 5-cleft. Stamens 8. Styles 3, connate below. Nuts variable in size, enclosed in the dry or fleshy perianth.—A polymorphous plant, of which the following forms may show the extent of variation, but are not approximately constant, nor do they comprise all the departures from any assumed type that could be defined y words, which would be a very great many. I cannot conceive what other Poly- gonum than this Roth describes as P. ovatum. P. chinense proper; leaves ovate-oblong or deltoid-ovate base truncate or sub- cordate, peduncles eglandular.— Var. Thunbergianum, Meissa. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. il. 60, and in DC. Z. c. Var. ovalifolia, Meissn. l. c.; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate acute at both ends often crenulate glabrous, peduncles glandular-hispid, heads large or small,—Hima- ya, Parusnath, common in the Deccan Mts., Ceylon, &c. i ar. subhastata, Meissn.l. c.; leaves oblong or lanceolate base cordate or sub- hastate sometimes very long, peduncles eglandular, heads small. pae: ar. corymbosa, Meissn. l. c. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate base acute or acuminate, . peduncles eglandular, heads large. pts : tiole ar. ? parvifolia ; stem slender prostrate, leaves 13-2 in. hastate oblong, petiol not auricled, bracts obtuse or subacute —Silhet, Wallich; Assam, Jenkins. —This eii » a different species; the habit is that of P. Wallichii, but the leaves are not iholate, , Var. hispida; branches leaves on both surfaces and inflorescence hispidly hairy, hairs on the branches reflexed.—Tenasserim, Gallatly (in Herb. Caleutt.). , Sect. IX, Ecury N, Meissn. Erect prostrate or subscandent often Prickly herbs. Leaves "usually broad, often cordate or hastate ; stipules tubular, Flowers in simple or panicled heads or spikes ; bracts usually shortly tubular, ciliate. Perianth 5-lobed. Stamens 5-8, with alternating glands. Styles 2-3, free, stigmas capitate. Nut free, trigonous or biconvex; cotyledons accumbent. - ` * Nut exserted . 49. P. mur ‘ssn. Monog. Polyg. 74, in Wall. PI. As. Rar, ii. 58, rictu ples xiv. 1. 133 (not of Wall. Cat.); stem very pig and slender flaccid smooth or angles sparsely scabrid, leaves distant Ower. petioled ovate or oblong-ovate acute or obtuse, base rounded trancat or cordate u per amplexicaul-cordate, stipules glabrous ciliate, heads laxly panicled, eduncles glandular-hispid or glabrous, spikes few-fld. P. E . mulum, all. Cat. 1724.. Polyg. pedunculare var. and Polyg. n. 57, Herd. Or. H. DEN J CENTRAL and Easrern Hiwaraya; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000ft., *D. H. Kaasa Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T., Clarke. 46 CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Polygonum. Perennial?. Stems creeping and often tufted at the base, above rambling over bushes, sometimes quite smooth even at the nodes. Leaves 1-2 in., membranous, some- times sparsely hairy beneath, ciliolate or not, midrib beneath smooth or scabrid ; petiole very slender, smooth or scabrid ; stipules truncate, base naked or with a ring of reversed prickles. Spikes 1-1 in. long, on almost capillary peduncles; flowers distant in Himalayan specimens, closer in Khasian ; bracts ovate or lanceolate, hispid and ciliate or glabrate. Perianth white or pink. Stamens 5 or 6. Styles very slender, connate below. Nut ovoid, with acute angles, pale, smooth, shining.— Wallich's Nepal specimens have the spikes and bracts densely glandular-pubescent or glabrate, and partially exserted nuts, Sikkim ones have perfectly smooth and glabrous stems, stipules, spikes and bracts, eciliate stipules, and smaller flowers with subacute sepals much shorter than the nut; they may form a different species. Khasian ones have subcapitate densely glandular-pubescent spikes, and nuts closely wrapped in the perianth, the segments of which are obtuse as in the Nepal specimens, Z 50. P. arifolium, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 184; stem very slender flaccid smooth or angles retrorsely scabrid, leaves long-petioled - broadly hastate acuminate basal lobes spreading acute, stipules very short hispid and ciliolate, peduncles glandular-hispid, heads small few-fld., involu- cral leaves 1-2 linear, bracts small hispid, nuts broadly trigonous exserted. Polyg. n. 53, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Dikeeling, alt. 7000 ft., Clarke. Kasia Mrs., in woods, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.—DISTRIB. N. America. Stems 2-3 ft., weak. Leaves 2-3 in., membranous, ciliolate, glabrous, or sparsely setose on the nerves beneath and on one or both surfaces, base truncate; petiole nearly as long as the blade, very slender, smooth or scabrid; stipules } in. long, lax, base naked or witli a few retrorse hairs, Heads small, very few-fid., on strict forked peduncles, usually subtended by one or two narrow spreading ciliate invol. leaves; bracts very small, lanceolate, acute, ciliate; flowers small. Perianth 5-cleft. Stamens5. Styles very slender, connate below. Nut ovoid, acutely 3-gonous, acute, pale, shining.— This is a slender form of the American plant quite like some Pennsylvanian speci- mens. Flowers and ripe fruits are formed on short stolons from the creeping base of the stem. ** Nut included in the perianth. 51. P. perfoliatum, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 1392 ; stem rambling or climbing, flexuous angles and petioles with stout recurved . prickles, leaves very long-petioled peltate deltoid angles obtuse or subacute, . stipules foliaceous orbicular amplexicaul, peduncles smooth or sparingly prickly, racémes solitary short, bracts broad rounded glabrous, nut globose obscurely 3-gonous. Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 288; Wall. Cat. 1696; Lamk. Ill. t. 315, f. 9; Burm. Fl. Ind. 90, t. 31, f. 2. Echinocaulos perfoliatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 85, and Pl. Rar. Jav. 220. Chilocalyx perfo- intus, Hassk. in Flor. Bot. Zeit. 1842, Beibl. ii. 20; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1013. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H.; Bhotan, Booth, Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. BENGAL, in the Jheels, &c. SILHET, Wallich. CACHAR, Keenan, —DISTRIB. Java, China, Japan, Ptem rambling for several feet. Leaves 2-5 in. long and broad, membranous, midrib and nerves beneath sometimes prickly ; petiole slender, as long as the blade; . stipules j-1 in. diam. — Peduncles very short; racemes 1-$ in.; bracts membranous; flowers white or lilac, large for the genus. .Perianth-lobes rounded. Stamens 8. Styles short, connate below, Nut large, black, apiculate, included in the often fleshy perianth. Cotyledons very large, radicle short inflexed accumbent.— Leaves acid, eaten in Cachar, Keenan. Polygonum.] ^ cxix. PoLyGonacex. (J. D. Hooker.) 4T 92. P. sagittatum, Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 132; gla- brous, stem suberect or prostrate angles petioles and midrib beneath covered more or less with recurved prickles, leaves petioled 1-2 in. linear-oblong obtuse or acute base sagittate, margins smooth, stipules very short glabrous, eads few small, involucral leaf 0, peduncles slender distantly muricate or smooth, bracts oblong obtuse glabrous, nut 3-gonous. P. muricatum, Herb. Griff. Kew Distrib. 4195. P. Sieboldii, Meissn. l. c. 183. WESTERN HIMALAYA, Falconer ; Kulu and Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeworth ; . Lohoo Ghat, Thomson, East BENGAL, Grifith. KHAsIA MTs., in marshes at My- dto. alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T.—DiISTRIB. Siberia, China, Japan, Eastern N. merica. - Very similar to slender form of P. strigosum, but the leaves are shorter, more glaucous beneath, not truncate or cordate below, but with two long deflexed or incurved obtuse or acute auricles, and their margins are quite smooth. 59. P. strigosum, Br. Prodr. 420; stem 2-4 ft. suberect angles petioles and nerves of leaf beneath more or less covered with recurved rickles, leaves shortly petioled linear or linear-oblong acuminate or acute ase truncate or shortly cordate, margin retrorsely prickly, racemes anicled oblong or subglobose, peduncles scabrid prickly or glandular-hispid, bracts ovate or oblong ciliate and strigose, nut globosely 3-gonous included in the penanth. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 134. P. horridum, Rozb, Cat. 29, and FV. Ind. ii. 291; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 58, and in DC. l. c. 133. P. muricatum, Wall. Cat. 1697 (not of Meissn.), excl. var. gla- brata; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1011. P. sagittatum, Don Prodr. 73 (not of Linn.) P. sagittatum B. indicum, Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 65. P. his- pidulum, Blume Bijd. 535. P. auriculatum, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 4 T. TnoPICAL HIMALAYA from Kulu to Bhotan, and the KrasIA Mrs., ascending to t., in watery places ; and southward to the NILGHIRI MTS., CHITTAGONG and PENANG, CEYLON; alt. 5-6000 ft. (C. P. 3348).—DrsTRI2. Ava, Malay Archipelago, ina, , Stem 1-8 ft., often rather stout, very variable in amount of prickles, Leaves 1-5in., Tigid, glabrous or pubescent beneath, sometimes scabrid above, margin with rigid minute recurved prickles, midrib usually prickly ; petiole 1-3 in. or 0; stipules 1 In, - ciliate, glabrous or hairy, base with usually a pectinate ring of reversed prickles. Peduneles slender ; racemes 3-4 in., densely many- or few-fid.; flowers pink. Perianth- lobes obtuse, Stamens 6-8, Styles slender, connate below. Nut black, opaque, punctulate.—Meissner describes the nuts as sometimes biconvex ; I find all the N orthern ?ndian specimens to be trigynous, all the Peninsular digynous, which favours the view that this does not differ from P. pedunculare. Bentham indeed (Fl. Austral. v. 268) unites with this p. pedunculare, P. glabratum, and P. muricatum. „For the first and second there is something to be said, but P, muricatum is an entirely different Species, The American P, Meissnerianum differs from P. strigosum chiefly in the Prickles not being recurved. 54. P. pretermissum, Hook. f; small, glabrous, stem 6-8 in. ascending subsimple nearly or quite aimed leaves shortly petioled linear obtuse base sagittate with obtuse lobes, stipules glabrous eciliate with a few recurved bristles at the base, flowers very few and distant in ain or Simple glabrous axillary racemes, bracts erect oblong glabrous or subciliate, nut globosely 3-gonous included in the perianth. P. strigosum, Thwaites Enum, in part; Benth. Fl. Austral. v. 268, in part. P. muricatum, var. slabrata, Wall, Cat. 1697/3. P. muricatum, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. Singer, Wallich. KnasrA MTs., in watery places, alt. 4-5500 ft., J. D. H. 4 » Clarke. CEYLON, alt. 6-7000 ft., Walker (C. P. 2250).—Disrar. Tasmania, Stem 4-18 in., creeping and rooting at the base, quite smooth except rarely a few 48 CXIX. POLYGONACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Polygonum. deflexed prickles beneath the nodes. Leaves 1-2 in., perfectly glabrous, margin not ciliate, basal lobes deflexed or decurved, rarely horizontal ; petiole 4-3 in., quite smooth ; stipules à in. Peduncles very slender ; racemes 3-1 in. long, with only 3-5 bracts, which are usually very distant, Sepals obtuse. Stamens 5. Style-arms slender, Nut pale (ripe?) punctulate.— The inflorescence of this species is very characteristic and constant, and its habit being the same wherever it has been found, I am constrained to regard itasa distinct species, though in doing so I contravene Bentham’s opinion as expressed in the “ Flora Australiensis.” My first knowledge of the plant was from Tasmanian specimens, which (Flora Tasmanica, i. 307) I referred to Brown’s P. strigosum, and doubtfully to Meissner’s plant of that name. I had then no opportunity of consulting Brown’s Herbarium, which was during his ‘lifetime closed to botanists. This being now accessible, I find that his strigosum is identical with the Indian plant subsequently published by Roxburgh as P. horridum. P. pretermissum is the P. muricatum var. glabrata of Wall. Cat. 1697/3, but not the P. glabratum of Meissner (in Wall. Cat. 6285), which is referable to P. pedunculare. 55. P. pedunculare, Wall. Cat. 1718; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft. ascend- ing unarmed or angles with recurved prickles, leaves petioled elliptic oblong or linear-oblong acute base acute sagittate cordate or truncate, margin smooth or most minutely scaberulous, racemes panicled oblong or globose, peduncles glabrous or glandular-hispid, bracts acuminate ciliate, nut orbi- cular biconvex included in the perianth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 133, in part; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. i. 1011. P. dichotomum, Blume Bijd.529?. P. glabratum, Wall. Cat. 6985. Assam, Masters. CaACHAR, Keenan. The Concan, Stocks, &c. NILGHIRI and Putney Mrs, Wight, &c. SINGAPORE, Wallich. MALACCA, Cuming, CEYLON, Walker.— DisTRIB. China, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Australia. It is difficult to define this variable plant in words. It may be a form of P. strigo- sum, but is certainly as distinct as are the species of the Persicaria and other sections of this perplexing genus. The following very distinct forms are united by excep- tional ones, P. pedunculare proper; glabrous, stem quite smooth except a few reversed prickles at the nodes and sometimes on the angles, leaves 1-2 in. elliptic-lanceolate or -ovate acuminate at both ends, peduncles and bracts glabrous or glandular pubes- cent. Wight Ic. t. 1802 C. — Singapore, Cachar, Pulney Mts., Ceylon. Var. robusta; tall, stems stout glabrous unarmed or with reversed prickles at the angles and nodes, leaves 3-6 by 3-$ in. linear-lanceolate acuminate at both ends, peduncles and pedicels stout glandular-hispid, heads large. Wight Ic. t. 1802 B.— Nilghiri and Pulney Mts. Var. angustissima ; stem nearly smooth, leaves petioled or upper sessile 4-5 by i-i in. narrowly linear-lanceolate acuminate at both ends, peduncles very slender glandular-hispid, heads small, bracts glabrous. Wight Ic. t. 1802 A; Polyg. No. 49, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T.—The Concan, Belgaum, &c., Ritchie, &c. ; Nilghiris. Var. nilagirica ; stem nearly smooth, leaves petioled 4-6 by 3-1 in. flaccid mem- branous, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, peduncles very slender glandular- hispid, heads rather large, bracts subciliate—Nilghiri Mts., at Conoor, alt. 6000 ft., Clarke. Var. assamica; small, 6-10 in. high, stem nearly smooth, leaves subsessile or shortly petioled 1-2 by 4—4 in. linear-lanceolate acute with an acute base or linear- oblong and obtuse with a contracted hastate base, peduncles very slender sparsely ` glandular-hispid, heads very small few-fld., bracts subhispid.—Assam, Masters ; Jynteapore, Clarke.—This approaches in habit P. pretermissum. Var. glabrata ; tall, 12-18 in., stem nearly smooth except a few reversed bristles at the nodes, leaves linear-oblong 2-3 by i—14 in. base rounded and truncate, peduncles and heads as in var. assamica. P. glabratum, Meissn. in Wall. Cat. 6285.— Silhet. Polygonum.] ^ coxix. ronycowacEx. (J.D. Hooker.) 49 Sect. X. Aconocon, Meissn. Shrubs, rarely perennial-rooted herbs. Leaves usually broad; stipules tubular, eciliate. Flowers in branched panicles, pedicelled ; bracts not tubular, very open. Perianth 5-partite. tamens 8, rarely fewer, with or without interposed glands. Styles 2-3, short, free or connate below, stigmas capitate. Nut trigonous, not tightly enclosed in the perianth; cotyledons accumbent. * Tall herbaceous or shrub-like species. Flowers very small 4-3 in. diam. ; Perianth cleft nearly to the cuneate base, segments spreading. 96. P. alpinum, Al. Fl: Pedem. i. 206, t. 68, f. 1; stem glabrous, or young parts softly pubescent, pale reddish or white, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate or linear-lanceolate acuminate glabrous or puberulous, flowers in _ terminal thyrsoid dense-fd. pyramidal panicles, perianth 3-3 in. diam. cleft nearly to the cuneate base, inner segments obovate-spathulate, nut broadly rhomboid-ovoid acutely 3-gonous pale rather longer than the enlarged perianth. Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 56, t. 3 G ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1031. P. sibiricum, Linn. fil. Suppl. 228 (not of Pallas). P. acidum, Pall. Reise ii. 25, iii. 316 (fid. Ledeb.). P. divaricatum, Vill. Dauph. iii. 322 (not fo tm). 'P. polymorphum & alpinum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. Norru-Western Hrwataya; from Kulu to Kashmir, alt. 7-12 900 ft., Thomson, &e.—Disreip, Turkestan westward to S. Spain, Siberia, N. America. . Root perennial. Stems 6 ft., annual, grooved, paler than in any of the following Species. Leaves 3-5 in., glabrous or finely pubescent beneath especially, margins agg base acute; stipules long, lax, deciduous above the base. Inflorescence a foot ong and more, of myriads of white or pale pink flowers; pedicels much longer than the short obtuse bracts, jointed close below the perianth or lower down. , Nut 3 in. ong, shining —This agrees well with the European und N. Asiatic plant. Boissier : and Meissner give Affghanistan as a habitat, but Griffith’s specimens have much rger sepals which conceal the much smaller nut, 'and the inflorescence 1s more corymbose; I refer them to P. polystachyum,—Eaten raw and cooked ; tastes like rhubarb (Aitchison). ee , | i 57. P. paniculatum, Blume Bijd. 533; shrubby, quite glabrous, ranches terete, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate or caudate-acuminate base acute or rounded, flowers in terminal large lax-fld. thyrsoid „panicles, perianth jj, in. diam., segments oblong, nut very small included in the simple or baccate perianth. Merssn. Monog. Pol yg. 95, and m DC, Prodr. xiv. ]. 137; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1012. p XEMPERATE HrwALAYa, Herb. Griffith; Garwhal alt. 5-6000 ft, Duthie; * Nepal and Sikkim, ait. 7-8000 ft., J. D. H.—DISTRIB. Java. -> A shrub, 4-6 ft., with flexuous branches that are not grooved. Leaves 5-7 M iil an, firm, often black when dry. Margins ciliolate ; nerves 15-30 pairs ; petiole " 11. ; stipules with a long limb deciduous above the base. Panicle effuse, qui e Eabrous; pedicels usually short, but here and there long; bracts minute, sc owers white, Nut ty in. long, turgidly ovoid, 3-gongus, black. —The Is E pecimens are perfectly glabrous, Javan have minute pubescence on the midrid an nerves beneath, Duthie’s Garwhal plant has more membranous fewer-nerved (10-14 fon?) leaves, and pedicels sometimes 3 in. long; but the number of nerves varies remarkably in individual specimens of all the species of this section, 58. P. rude, Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 1. 137; shrubby, branches stout terete strigose with depressed hairs, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate softly pubescent beneath or on the nerves only, flowers in ge id hi i ianth 4j in. diam., segments $E e nal thyrsoid hirsute panicles, perianth rj n, s Mo. Rat Cardan 50 CXIX. POLYGONACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Polygonum. oblong, nut very smallexceeding the simple or baccate perianth. Wall. Cat. 1685/2. P: molle, in part, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4—5000 ft., De Silva, Mack, &c. A robust shrub, 6-8 ft.; branches stout, not grooved. Leaves 4-5 by 13-2 in, glabrous or finely pubescent above, base acute, nerves 10-30 pairs; stipules glabrous or sparsely hairy. Inflorescence as in P. paniculatum, but laxly hirsute with flexuous hairs, lowers (white) and fruit nearly the same. ? Var. sikkimensis ; branches glabrous except a few deflexed hairs at the nodes.— Sikkim; Lachen, alt. 10,000 ft., J. D. H.—Of this I have only a single specimen in fruit; it is unlike either rude or molle in its all but glabrous branches. The hairs of the nodes and laxly hirsute panicle are those of P, rude, The fruiting perianths are ' not baccate. 59. P. molle, Don Prodr. 72; shrubby, branches stout terete villous with erect or spreading hairs, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate silkily pubescent tomentose or villous beneath, flowers in large terminal thyrsoid tomentose panicles, perianth 7, in. diam., segments oblong, nut included in the usually baccate perianth. Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 56, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 64 (partly), and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 136 (excl. cit. of Wight 1c); Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 66. Coccoloba Totnea, Ham. in Don Prodr. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Hamilton, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. Misnwi HILLS, Griffith. , Habit and general characters of P. rude, but more softly tomentose, and with the hairs on the branches never deflexed, and stipules more silky. Flowers white. 60. P. frondosum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv: 1. 137; shrubby, quite glabrous, branches stout terete, leaves broadly ovate- or elliptic-oblong acuminate or caudate-acuminate, base rounded or cordate, flowers in short thyrsoid axillary and larger terminal dense-fld. panicles, perianth 4; in. diam., segments oblong, A p Pith Pon, nut small longer than the perianth, ‘ P. Hayii, Herb, Strach. & Winterb, Polyg. n. 34. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Garwhal, Falconer; Kumaon, alt. 9000 ft., Edge- worth, Strachey & Winterbottom. > ` ; Isto" BN: A very distinct species, perfectly glabrous in all its parts, easily distinguished by its very broad leaves, 5-7 by 23-3} in., of firm texture, long petioles 4-14 i. axillary panicles, and the long pedicels of the fruiting perianths 4-4 in. long ; the nuts are, however, so diseased that this last may be an abnormal character. ** Tall herbaceous or shrub-like species. Flowers lin. diam. ; perianth cleft nearly to the cuneate base, segments widely spreading. 61. P. polystachyum, Wall. Cat. 1686 ; shrubby, glabrous or pubes- cent, branches grooved, leaves subsessile or petioled oblong-lanceolate caudate- acuminate, base usually contracted and subhastately cordate or truncate, flowers in large pubescent or glabrate terminal thyrsoid spreading panicles with erect or decurved branches, pedicels very slender, perianth 4 in. diam., 3 inner segments broadly obovate-spathulate, nut small triquetrous shorter than the unaltered perianth. Meissn.in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 61, and i2 DC. Prodr. xiv. 1, 137 ; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xviii. 111. P. molle, Wight Ic. t. 1807 (not of Don). Polyg. n. 69, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Mishmi i : d to 14,000 ft. in Sikkim.—DISTRIB, Aene tana Aime, alt, 7000 to 12,000 fe, VE Shrubby, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves 4-9 by 14-31 in., nerves very numerous, base of the uppermost usually acute, of the lower sometimes the same, but usually as described above; margins smooth or crisped; stipules ample, glabrous or sparsely hairy: Polygonum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J, D. Hooker.) 51 Panicle very variable in form, effuse, branches sometimes strict and erect or diverg- jing, at others horizontal and decurved ; bracts short, obtuse ; pedicels sometimes gin; flowers white or pink, Sepals, 2 outer oblong, inner much larger and broader. Nut pale, not tightly enclosed in the perianth.— The Affghanistan plant of Griffith (Journ. No, 1040) referred by Boissier and Meissner to P. alpinum, is, I think, certainly P. polystachyum. Var. glabra, Meissn. 1. c. ; quite glabrous. . Var. pubescens, Meissn. 1. c. ; puberulous pubescent or tomentose with grey or buff tomentum on the leaves beneath. Var. longifolia; leaves linear-oblong 8-9 by 2-2} in. glabrous above finely pubes- cent beneath, base subcordately truncate, panicle small.—Sikkim ; at Yakla, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Clarke. Var. crispata; leaves glabrous margins crisped and undulately crenulate.— Chumba, R. Ellis. . E Var. Griffithii ; leaves densely clothed beneath with silky tomentum, stipules silky. —Mishmi Hills, Grigith. 62. P. rumicifolium, Royle mss.; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soe, xviii. 112; herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely puberulous or laxly pubescent, stem very robust simple, leaves petioled broadly ovate or ovate-cordate obtuse or subacute, flowers in small axillary and terminal dense-fld. panicles, nut very broadly ovate acutely 3-gonous, about as long as the perianth. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 138, excl. var. oblongum; Garcke in Bot. Reise i r. padem, 136. P. ramoso-spicatum, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Waldem. R W ereny HIMALAYA ; from Nepal, Wallich, to Kashmir, alt. 10-14,000 ft., oyle, &c. t Root stout, perennial. Stem 6-18 in., as thick as a swan’s quill or less, ee grooved. Leaves 3-5 by 13-3 in., succulent, green, margin even or bier scales Very slender; petiole 4-1 in., very stout; stipules large, lax, glabrous, , poe Sessile, the axillary ones usually shorter than the leaves; flowers green, $1 in. ding. erianth cleft to near the cuneate base, segments subequal, orbicular, Ls 2 ut pale, very broad.—I think that some of Boissier’s varieties of P. nin, var (polymorphum) are referable to this, which closely resembles the P. dipinna q do lapathifolium of N.E. Asia and N.W. America, but has much larger powert, aller not know what Babington's var. B is with retrorsely hairy stems and ma Iimala a raves. The young parts are acid, and eaten like rhubarb in the Western ber 1707 I find specimens of this distributed by Wallich from Nepal, under the num Societ um emodi) in Herbs. Hooker ani Bentham, but not in the Linnean y erb., where the species is absent. de Tall, herbaceous or shrubby species. Perianth campanulate, cleft two-thirds way down, base rounded; lobes oblong erecto-patent. 63. P. campanulatum, Hook. f.; pubescent or tomentose, stem creeping and stolonifereas below ak de grooved, leaves petioles pe ian evate or lanceolate acuminate or tip caudate base acute or rounce h 5 nut Nodding or pendulous in terminal cymes with divaricate brane ifolium -winged rather longer than the campanulate perianth. P. up ol "t "7" y P oblonga, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 138.—Polyg. n. 69 a , Herb. Ind. Or. H. L&T. TEMPERATE and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA; E. Nepal and Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000 ft., . H., Clarke; Kumaon, alt. 7500 ft., Strachey g Winterbottom. BEEN Stem 2-3 ft, high, prostrate or ascending, dichotomously branched, gla m Pubescent above, Leaves 3-6 by 1-2} in., more or less pubescent on bot. sur "Yn Iu rey, or (beneath) büff tomentum, membranous or rather coriaceous ; peti uite "—-; stipules ample, deciduous near the base or altogether. Inflorenence c 52 CXIX. POLYGONACE®. (J.D. Hooker) [Polygonum. different from those of the other species of the section, and like that of Fagopyrum cymosum ; branches pubescent or villous, short or long and flowering towards the extremity only; flowers pale pink or red, shortly pedicelled ; bracts small, usually ovate,acute. Perianth 3-4 in. long, truly campanulate; lobes oblong, obtuse, subequal. Stamens 8, filaments very long. Nut pale, tip exserted.—A very distinct plant, which I have attempted to identify with the obscure P. Hagei, Royle. This, however, is described as having scabridly hairy branches and peduncles, very short petioles, and broad leafless panicles, and as a native of Nagkunda, whence various collectors have sent P. polystachyum, but none the P. campanulatum, the form of whose perianth could scarcely have escaped notice. Var. membranifolia; leaves large broad membranous, bright green, pubescence inconspicuous, cymes much smaller than the leaves.—Sikkim, in woods, alt. 6—10,000 ft. ` Var. longipes; leaves elliptic ovate sparingly pubescent, branches of cymes dicho- . tomous long naked leafy at the base. Var. fulvida; leaves clothed beneath with dense matted fulvous tomentum. P. crispatum, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 116 (where it is taken for Roaburgh's Coccoloba crispata, which is P. chinense). 64. P. tortuosum, Don Prodr. 71; a low shrub, glabrous or finely pubescent, much dichotomously branched, leaves sessile coriaceous elliptic obovate or orbicular obtuse or acute, panicles short terminal dense-fld., nut trigonous included in the campanulate perianth. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 138. P. tatarieum, Wall. mss. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Garwlal, at Gangotri, Duthie; Kunawur and Lahul, alt. 9-13,000 ft., A. Inglis, &c. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 15,500 ft., Strachey & Winter- bottom; Ladak, alt. 16,500 ft., S/ewart. Root woody ; branches 8-16 in., divaricate, geniculate, as thick as a goose- ill below, smooth, shining, red-brown. Leaves 1-2 in., pale green, crimson in autu n; nerves very slender; stipules short, truncate. Panicles 3-1 in. long, very dense-fid.; peduncles and very short pedicels pubescent. Perianth 4 in. long; lobes oblong, erect. Stamens 8, short. Nut pile, ovate.—A remarkable species. Meissner’s var. tibetanum is the common state of the plant, closely allied to and possibly a state of P. sericeum, Pall. Don's habitat of Nepal is no doubt an error, as Wallich's mss, name of P. tataricum, cited by Don himself, shows. , Var. spicata; flowers in solitary simple terminal and axilla i the leaves.—Dras, alt. 8-9000 ft., Thomson. "y spikes longer than **** Small herbaceous species with capitate or racemose panicles, 65. P. sibiricum, Laxm. in Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. xviii. (17 31, t. 7, £. 2; dwarf, quite glabrous, coriaceously fleshy, branches ane tre the long perpendicular root erect or decumbent, leaves. narrowly linear obtuse 2-auricled towards the base, flowers in capitate terminal panicles shorter than the leaves, nut enclosed in the perianth. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 139 ; Ledeb. FI, Ross. iii. 597. P. hastatum, Murr. Comm. gott v. (1774) 87, t 6; ent dt. ii. 80, t. 361. P. crassifolium, Turr. in Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14, ` . rumicifoli f . Moyen. 37, Hab bA Or. AA T. olium, Pall, (non Royle) WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kangra, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Edgeworth. WESTERN Trsat, common ; alt. 12-15,000 ft., Strachey & Winterboitom (Polyg. n. 48) Root several inches long, simple. Sfems or branches 1-6 in., stout (much longer in Siberian specimens). Leaves 1-3 by 1-4 in., flat, opaque, base cuneate being ' narrowed below the acute or obtuse equal or unequal auricles into a thick petiole ; midrib broad, nerves invisible; stipules short, membranous. Heads of flowers 4-4 in. diam. (effuse in Siberian specimens) ; bracts minute ; pedicels short or long: Perianth yy in. long, subglobose, pink, segments broadly oblong. Stamens 5-8, a — - and large for the size of the plant, white or bright pink, males largest. Polygonum.] ^ cxix. potygonacex. (J. D. Hooker.) 53 filaments short. Nut oblong-ovate, 3-gonous, black, shining, about as long as the perianth.—The larger Tibetan specimens are the size of small Siberian ones; the smallest Tibetan are quite minute.—-Eaten in Tibet. 66. P. acaule, Fook. f. Ic. PI.t. 1490 B ; dwarf, dioecious, hirsute, leaves all radical sessile oblong obtuse, flowers in an erect narrow termiual peduncled panicle bearing skort lateral dense-fld. branches, perianth very small subglobose or campanulate, nut 8-gonous exceeding the perianth. Polyg. n. 70, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Donkia and Kangra lama passes, on the Tibetan frontier, alt. 17,000 ft., J. D. H. Rootstock very stout, ending below in a thick woody tap-root, simple or divided above into two or more very short branches clothed with membranous stipules. Leaves many, spreading or erect, 1 in. long or less, coriaceous, hirsute on both sur- faces or beneath only, nerves above impressed ; stipules glabrous or hirsute. Panicle * with its peduncle 2—4 in. high ; peduncle stout, naked (rarely with a single leaf), and rachis hirsute; branches 4—2 in. long, horizontal or drooping ; flowers crowded, often drooping. Perianth i; in. long, segments unequal oblong or rounded. Stamens 8, minute and imperfect in the female flower ; filaments short, Styles 3, short, free. Nut (unripe) oblong, trigonous, base contracted (as if stipitate).—A remarkable species, evidently of. this section, but very unlike any other. 67. P. nummularifolium, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1, 127; very small, stems creeping and forming matted tufts, nodes hairy, leaves 3o-$ In. petioled orbicular ciliate, stipules tubular hairy, clusters many -fid., Meere pedicelled subdicecious ?, sepals orbicular, stamens 5, nut orbicular convex, ALPINE HIMALAYA; on rocks, Kumaon, Edgeworth, alt. 14-15,000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom ; Kashmir, alt. 13,400 ft., Clarke; Sikkim, alt. 14-17,000 ft., Perennial. Stems one inch or two long, internodes short. Leaves rather fleshy, brown when dry; petiole as long as the blade; stipules truncate. Flowers numerous Stamens very short ; anthers purple. Wut included, smooth, pale; stigmas 2 minute subsessile. to ne smallest species of the genus, and very unlike any other, referred by Meissner quB scephalophilon, but the flowers are not capitate, and the minute styles are uite free, . Sect. XI. TINIARIA, Meissn. Twining unarmed annuals or with peren- nial roots. Leaves broad, cordate or hastate; stipules tubular, eciliate. Flowers axillary, orin slender racemes ; bracts short, not tubular. Perianth 5-partite, 3 outer sepals at length enlarged and dorsally winged. Stamens 8 without interposed glands. Styles 3, very short, stigmas capitate or mbriate. Nut 3-gonous; cotyledons accumbent. . 68. P. Convolvulus, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1032; annual, ond tate or twining, leaves sagittate-cordate, flowers in axillary glasters and terminal cymes, 3 outer sepals obtusely keeled rarely winged, pedice! ls 2 on res above the middle. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 135; Pt. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kunawur, Royle. WESTERN TIBET; Nubra, T'homson.— Disrgrs, N and W. Asi : nl - Asia, Europe, N. Africa. f , , qznual. Stem 1-4 ft., angles paberulous. Leaves 1}-4 in., gradually acuminate, co" obtuse or acute, puberulous beneath ; petiole slender; stipules short. Baorncs vhito m t, short, slender, pedicels recurved. Perianth-segments obtuse, green wit White margins, J iù, in fruit, Nut black, jy in. long. 54 CXIX. POLYGONACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Polygonum. 69. P. dumetorum, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1032; stem twining or prostrate, leaves broadly ovate-cordate or subhastately cordate acuminate, fruiting perianth broadly oblong or obovate, 3 outer sepals broadly winged, pedicels very slender, not winged to the base, usually jointed below the middle, nut à in. long. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 135; Fl. Dan. t. 756 ; Engl. Bot. t. 2811. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kunawur to Kashmir, alt. 4-9000 ft.—DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia. . Habit of P. Convolvulus, but stem terete, flowers more racemose, pedicels capillary, and fruiting perianth very different. This last varies exceedingly in size and shape from elliptic oblong 4 in. long, to cuneate-obovate } in. long and ‘tapering into the shortly winged pedicel. I find no difference between nuts of this and P. Convolvulus. 70. P. pterocarpum, Wall. Cat. 1690; stem twining, leaves broadly ovate-cordate acuminate, fruiting perianth cuneate-obovate rarely broadly oblong, 3 outer sepals broadly winged, pedicel very slender winged often to the base, nut din. long. Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 62, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 135; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 118.—Polyg. n. 62, Herb. Hook. f. & T. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Sikkim to Simla, alt. 6-9000 ft.,—also in Kashmir, Stewart. ; Probably only a state of P. dumetorum, but the fruiting perianth is usually much larger, sometimes } in. long, or even 1} in. including the winged petiole, and the nut is always larger. In both there are obscure lines of pubescence on the stem and pet oles. ' DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. P. (Bistorta ?) Grirriran, Hook. f.; very stout, leaves 6-7 in. long-petioled coriaceous oblong-lanéeolate acuminate pubescent beneath, petiole as long as the blade, raceme incurved very stout, bracts lanceolate densely imbricate.—Bhotan Himalaya; on rocks above Sanah, alt. 9500-10,000 ft., Griffith (Itin. Notes, p. 410, n. 637).—A remarkable plant, and quite unlike any other, probably near to P. Bistorta, but much more robust. The curvature of the top of the peduncle is possibly due to this terminating a pendulous branch. The specimens are very imper- fect, consisting of old, apparently radical leaves, and hollow glabrous stems or peduncles, a foot long and as thick as a goose-quill, each bearing the remains of two cauline leaves, and terminated by a stout incurved raceme 23 in. long. The raceme is clothed with membranous bracts enclosing each many pedicels, from which the perianths have fallen. The stipules on the stem are 1-2 in. long, quite glabrous, with free tips. . P. Hace, Royle mss ; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 110 ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 139, from Nagkunda, is probably P. polystachyum, a common plant of that locality. P. PALUDOSUM, Griff. Rep. Bot. Gard. Calcutt. 1843, 39, is a mss. name and unidentifiable. POLYGONEARUM FAMILUE SEDIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 6286, see p. 22. 4. FAGOPYRUM, Gerin. Erect herbs. Leaves deltoid, hastately deltoid, or -cordate. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes. Perianth 5-partite; segments subequal, not enlarged in fruit. Stamens 8, alternating with glandular disk-lobes. Ovary 3-gonous ; styles 3, stigmas capitate. Nut much longer than the perianth, 3-gonous. Cotyledons very broad, twisted, or rolled round the ascending radicle.—Species 3, Europe and Temp. Asia, one cultivated. Fagopyrum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) - 55 l. F. esculentum, Moench Method. 290; annual, glabrous, leaves triangular-cordate acute, flowers in axillary and terminal peduncled sub- capitate many-fld. cymes, nut ovate angles acute. Meissn. in Wall. Pl As. Rar. iii. 63, and in. DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 143; Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc xvii. 117. F. emarginatum, Meissn. in DC. l c., ecl. var. B.; Bab. l.c 118. Polygonum Fagopyrum, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 292; Wall. Cat 1687. P. dioicum, Ham. mss. P. emarginatum, Roth Catalect. Bot. i. 48 : Don Prodr. 73. Cultivated in the KuasrA Mrs. throughout the HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET at elevations of 2000 to 12,000 ft., and in the NizaurRgi Hrirrs.—DISTRIB. Centre of Europe and N. Asia. . Stem 1-3 ft. Leaves 1-4 in. diam. (5 in very large specimens). Flowers pink or white, in heads or compound cymes 3-1 in. diam. Nut 4-4 in. long, pale. 2. F. cymosum, Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 144; puberulous, root perennial, leaves triangular, flowers secund on the long recurved branches of peduncled terminal and axillary cymes, nut ovate angles acute. Bab. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 119; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 26. F. triangulare, Meissn. Ul. c. F. emarginatum, var. unawarense, Meissn. in DC. l.c. 143. Polygonum cymosum, Treviran. Delect. Sem. Hort. Vratisl. 1824; Reichb. Ic. Exot. ii. t. 176. P. acutatum, Lehm. Cat. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1890. P. triangulare, Wall. Cat. 1689. P. emarginatum, Wall. Cat. 1688 (not of Roth). P. dibotrys, Don Prodr. 73. P. volubile, Turcz.in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosq.1840, 77. P.rugosum, Herb. Ham. . TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; in woods, &c., from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt, 5-11,000 ft. Kuasa Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft. —DrsTRIB. Yunan. : ; T A tall branching perennial-rooted sparsely pubescent species. Leaves large, ‘oki ro 8-4 in. diam., angles acute or obtuse, upper usually narrow: and amplexicaul; pe di. long, slender, Inflorescence very lax, branches of panicle 2-5 in. long ; flowers pe t celled, white. Nut }—} in., more than twice as long as the perianth.—I suspect tha Meissner has described the fruit of tataricum under his F. triangulare. 3. F. tataricum, Gertn. Fruct. ii. 182/t. 119, f. 6; annual, glabrous leaves very broadly triangular-cordate or -hastate, flowers- in axillary n: terminal peduncled subcapitate cymes, nut with 3 deep grooves and di att angles. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 144. F. rotundatum, Bab. ind b Linn. Soc. xviii. 117 ; Meissn.l.c. Polygonum tataricum, Linn. ; Don T A 74; Meissn. Monog. Polyg. 62, t. 4, 8; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 14. Cultivated throughout the HIMALAYA, at elevations of 3-12,000 ft.—DISTRIB. : urope and N. Asi . . Stem 2-3 ft., usually simple. Leaves 1-2 in. diam. Flowers white or pink. Nut èin. long, conico-ovoid, opaque, rounded, angles keeled towards the tip. 5. RHEUM, Linn. Stout herbs with woody large roots. Leaves large, entire toothed or lobed; stipules scarious. ‘s clustered in panicled racemes usually 2-sexual. P Sepals 5. Stamens 6-9. ° Ovar , 2-4-angled ; styles 2-4. stigmas dilated capitate or horseshoe-shaped. Nut 2-4-winged, MA sb ad. an the usually unchanged sepals. Embryo straight, cotyledons broad. Species 20, Central Asia and the Himalaya. _ * Stemless species. Flowers in a spike-like raceme. l l R. spiciforme, Royle Ill. 318, t. 78; leaves all radical thickly 56 CXIX. POLYGONACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Rheum. coriaceous orbicular broadly ovate or cordate glabrous or stellately puberu- lous beneath, racemes 1-3 glabrous, fruit broadly ellipsoid or oblong, wings broader than the disk. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv.1.36. R. Moorcroftianum, Meissn. l. c. (not of Royle); Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. WESTERN HIMALAYA ; in the drier ranges, from Kumaon, alt. 14-16,000 ft. west- wards to WESTERN TIBET, alt. 9-14,000 ft., abundant, —DrsTRIB. Affghanistan. | Root short or long, thicker than the thumb. Leaves all radical, 6-12 in. diam., ` very leathery, with prominent radiating nerves and reticulated nervules beneath, red-brown in age; petiole 3-6 in., very stout, glabrous or puberulous. Racemes 1-3, radical, 4-12 in., strict, dense-fld. ; peduncle and rachis stout, glabrous ; bracts minute, ovate, scarious ; flowers jJ; in. diam., on capillary pedicels. Fruit 3-} in. long, 3-4 times as long as the oblong obtuse sepals, tip rounded or notched, wings membranous; pedicel half as long as the fruit or less. 2. R. Moorcroftianum, Royle Ill. 315, 318; leaves all radical thickly coriaceous orbicular glabrous or stellately puberulous beneath, racemes pubescent, fruit ovoid, wings narrow. Wall. Cat. 1727, in part. WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kumaon, Moorcroft in Herb. Wallich. I am uncertain about this plant, which differs from R. spiciforme in the very much larger pubescent peduncles and racemes, which together are two feet long, and in the form of the fruit. The only specimens are Wallich’s, are very bad, and have neither locality nor collector’s name. They are ticketed “ large broad-leaved small- stalked Rhubarb; the root more purgative than the long-stalked.” Another sheet has attached to it a ticket in the same handwriting, “narrow round-leaved long- stalked Rhubarb.” R. Moorcroftianum is written in pencil on the sheets, I think by Royle (certainly not by Wallich). Hence they are no doubt the plants mentioned by Royle (Ill. Pl. Himal. 315) as brought by Moorcroft from Niti, alt. 12,000 feet, in Kumaon, and of which Royle says that ** Major Hearsay, Moorcroft’s companion, has described two kinds to me, one round-leaved and short-stalked, and the other short- stalked, but large and broad-leaved (R. Moorcroftianum, nob.) with the root more purgative than that of the former." From this it appears that Royle, not Wal- lich, as hitherto supposed, is the author of R. Mooreroftianum ; and that Meissner is further in error in describing it as every where glabrous. ** Stemless species. Flowers panicled ; panicles leafless. 3. R. tibeticum, Maxim. mss.; leaves very coriaceous orbicular- cordate and short thick petioles scaberulous, fruit nearly orbicular notched , at both ends, wings very broad, Hheum, No. 6, Herb. H. f. y T. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Zanskar, Thomson; Kashmir, Barji la, alt. 12,000 ft., Clarke. WESTERN TIBET; common, alt. 12-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c. Root very stout. Leaves 6-12 in. diam., entire or crenulate, nerves 5 very stout radiating from the petiole which is 4-8 in. long and as thick as the finger. . Panicles puberulous or quite glabrous, with the peduncle 4-10 in. high, fruiting a foot high ; branches erecto-patent, simple or again branched ; fruiting peduncle very thick, deeply grooved ; bracts very minute ; flowers j, in. diam., pedicels short. Fruit } in. long and broad, four times as large as the unchanged sepals; wings much broader than the nucleus.— Itesembles R. leucorhizum, Pall., but none of the sepals enlarge in fruit. *** Stem branched and panicle leafy. 4. R. emodi, Wall. Cat. 1727; stem tall leafy, leaves long-petioled very large orbicular or broadly ovate obtuse base cordate 5-7-nerved, panicle papillosely puberulous fastigiately branched and leafy, flowers dark purple, fruit ovoid-oblong base cordate apex notched wings narrow. Meissn. _m Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 65, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1.35 (exclude syn. Webbianum) ; Hot. Mag. t. 3508. R. emodium, Wall. mss.; Nees d Eberm. Rheum.] CXIX. POLYGONACEX, (J. D. Hooker.) | 57 Med. Pharm. Bot. i. 455. ? R. australe, Don Prodr. 75, Hayne Arnz. Corachs. 12, t. 6; Nees Pl. Offic. Suppl. 5, t. 5,6; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. . 269. . SUBALPINE and ALPINE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, Ic. Cathcart; ? Simla, on Choor, alt. 11—12,000 ft., Edgeworth, . Root very stout; stem very stout, 5-6 feet high, streaked green and brown. Radical leaves often 2 ft. diam., papillose beneath, subscaberulous above; petiole 12-18 in., very stout, scaberulous. Panicle 2-3 ft., with erect strict branches; flowers $ in. diam. ‘Fruit 3 in. long, purple, wings narrower than the disk.—I am not quite satisfied as to the synonymy of this plant, for it is difficult to distinguish it in a dried state from R. Webbianum. Wallich’s are the only native specimens I am sure about; for the Sikkim locality I depend on an excellent drawing in the Kew collection, made by Mr. Cathcart’s artists in Darjiling. Edgeworth's has the larger flowers of this, but the habit and glabrous panicle of emodi. 5. R. acuminatum, Hook. f. § Thoms. mss. in Bot. Mag. t.4877 ; stem leafy, leaves long-petioled triangular- or orbicular-ovate acuminate base cordate 5-7-nerved, panicles papillosely puberulous fastigiately branched and leafy, flowers dark red, fruit ovoid-oblong base cordate tip entire or notched, wings narrower than the nucleus. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. Probably only a small form of R. emodi with acuminate leaves, but the flowers are considerably larger, and though long under cultivation it does not attain half the size of that plant, or vary in its character. 6. R. Webbianum, Royle Ill. 318, t. 17 a; stem leafy, leaves long- petioled orbicular-cordate or reniform 5-7 nerved papillose or glabrous, . tip rounded or subacute, panicles axillary and terminal quite paora, flowers pale yellowish, fruit broadly oblong. or orbicular notched ath : ends. R. emodi, Wall. Cat. 1727 C; Herb. Strach. d Winterb.; Herb. H.f.& T. | TU TS and WzsrERN ALPINE HixALAYa; from Nepal to Kashmir, alt. > ft. . in di ; Very variable in size, from 1 to 6 ft. high, with leaves 4 in.-2 ft. in doe. Owers very much smaller than in R. emodi, the panicle less strict and quite ra ron ; and the fruit broader (4 in. diam.), with broader wings more like that of C. 2H ite forme.—Royle describes the leaves as somewhat hairy above, but they ribet of glabrous in most of the specimens. The habit differs a good deal from t after - emodi, the inflorescence being more axillary, and its branching more diffuse afte i . . . . L . t recta. E The flowers are not above j, in. diam., on capillary pedicels withou **** Slem simple; panicles axillary concealed by bullate bracts. 7. R. nobile Hook. f. & Thoms.; Ill. Himal. Pl. t.19; stem simple densely clothed with T deni fn died imbricating (downwards) bladder-like reticulated bracts which conceal the short axillary panicles, leaves ova 1. oblong or rounded base cuneate or cordate, fruit broadly ovoid 2-4-winged, disk tuberculate, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 36. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; in the interior ranges, alt. 13-15,000 ft., J. D. Jr, Clarke. | Root very long, 3 in. diam. and under. Leaves very coriaceous, 1 foot | ar jat . Under, usually edged with red, upper passing into the bracts; petiole 2-6 p pen wiPules voluminous, 6-8 by 4-6 in., rose-red. Stem 3-4 ft. as thick as eei late low, deeply grooved. Bracts orbicular, 6 in. diam., pale straw-coloured, aed. 4 im jduous in age. Panicles 3 4 in., branched, glabrous; and flowers crowded, yp in, m, green. Fruit 4 in. long.—Gill, in his “ River of the Golden Sands,” speaks 58 CXIX. POLYGONACEX,. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Rheum. a plant inhabiting the lofty regions of East China bordering Tibet, which is probably this or an allied species. 6. OX YRIA, Hill An erect herb, with stout rootstock. Leaves chiefly radical, orbicular- cordate or reniform; stipules broad, lax. Flowers in [panicled racemes, 9.sexual. Sepals 4, 2 outer reflexed ; 2 inner larger, erect, appressed. Stamens 6. Ovary compressed; styles 2, short, stigmas fimbriate. Nut biconvex, 2-winged. Embryo lateral, nearly straight, cotyledons linear- oblong. O. digyna, Hill; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1004; leaves cordate or reni- form. O. reniformis, Hook. Fl. Scot. 111; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 37; Engl. Bot.t.910. O.elatior, Br. in Wall. Cat. 1726 ; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 64, and in DC. l. c; Royle Ill. Pl. Him. 314; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 483. ALPINE HIMALAYA; from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 10—14,000 ft. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 12-17-500 ft.—DisTRIB. Mts. of Europe, N. Asia and America, Arctic egions. Glabrous, fleshy. Rootstock tufted, with many erect succulent stems 4-18 in. high. Leaves radical, many, long-petioled, 1—4 in. diam., rarely 3-lobed or sub- hastate, cauline 1-2; petiole sometimes 8 in. Racemes slender, lax.fld.; pedicels jointed in (the middle, tip thickened. Outer sepals spreading or reflexed; inner spathulate, 3-5-nerved. Fruit 4-4 in. diam., orbicular-cordate, wing membranous veined top notched.—A most agreeable salad, raw and cooked. Except in often attaining a very large size (18 in. high), the Himalayan plant does not differ from the European. 7. RUMEX, Linn. Perennial herbs, or annvals, rarely shrubby. Leaves various; stipules often disappearing with age. Flowers in axillary clusters or in whorls arranged in simple or panicled racemes. Sepals 6 (rarely 4); outer un- _changed, inner enlarging entire or toothed, midrib or disk often enlarged or tubercled. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-gonous; styles 3, stigmas fimbriate. Nut included in the usually enlarged inner sepals (valves) angles acute. Embryo lateral, nearly straight; cotyledons linear or oblong.—Species described about 100 (probably greatly exaggerated), in all temperate and some tropical countries. I think that this genus wants revision and a very great reduction of species, when most of the Indian ones will be referred to European, in the directions I have indicated under each. Sect. I. Lapathum, Meissn. Flowers 2-sexual. Styles terminal. Inner scpals (valves) coriaceous much enlarged in fruit. Leaves not hastate. * Inner fruiting-sepals quite entire, disk tumid or not. l. R. orientalis, Bernh.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1009; tall, stout, leaves elongate-oblong obtuse base cordate, racemes in an open lax or thyrsoid dense panicle, whorls crowded, pedicels about equalling the fruiting perianth, valves broadly orbicular-cordate obtuse reticulate quite entire with or without a small tubercle. Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xiv, 1.51. R. Dios- coridis, Hayne Arnzeik. xiii. 5, t. 5. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 6-9000 ft., Falconer, &c. Rumezx.] CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 59 | WESTERN TIBET; alt. 11-13,000 ft., Thomson, &c.—DisTRIB. Westward to Asia Minor, Syria and Greece. Stem 3-4 ft., often very stou*, deeply grooved. Lower leaves 1-2 ft., upper narrow at the base.. Valves 4-4 in. long, quite entire in all Indian specimens, pale, flat, finely reticulate.— The Indian specimens with no tubercle resemble R. aquaticus, L., and those with a tubercle R. Patientia, and I do not see why all these should not be united. ** Inner fruiting-sepals with very narrow margins and few or no teeth. 2. R. maritimus, Linn.; Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 1. 59; annual, leaves lanceolate narrowed into the petiole, panicle leafy to the top, valves rhombic- or oblong-ovate with a lanceolate tip all with an oblong tubercle unarmed or with 2-3 long needle-like spines. FV. Dan. t. 1208. R. palus- tris, Sm. Fl. Brit. i. 394; Fl. Dan. t. 1873; Boiss. Fi l. Orient. iv. 1014. R. Wallichii, Meissn. l. c. 48. R. Wallichianus, Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 64. R. acutus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 208. R. Roxburghianus, Wall. Cat. 1731, in part. R. comosus & setaceus, Ham. mss.; Wall. Cat. 6287, 6288. R. chinensis, Campd. Rum. 63, 76. A Marshes in Assam, SILHET, CACHAR, and BENGAL, common.—DiIsTRIP. Europe, sia, N. Africa, N. and S. America. . à Stem 1-4 ft., angled and deeply grooved. Leaves 3-10 in., petioled, base always narrowed into the petiole. Wahorls of flowers lax or dense, many- or few- d, Fruiting perianths all unarmed, or, on the same plant, some armed and some unarme : yellow brown when ripe, tubercle smooth, with a narrow sometimes reticulate margin ; Spine sometimes 4 times as long as the valve, tip straight or slightly hooke Us ad fruit varies greatly in size and number and length of the spines or the v be" "red am quite unable to discriminate between the various plants I have here referr to R. maritimus. 3. R. nigricans, Hook. f.; annual, leaves linear-oblong obtuse con- “tracted above the cordate ar flowering branches rigid divaricate leafy or leafless, fruiting perianths densely crowded in globose distant or co : fluent heads, turning black in drying, pedicels short, valves with very larg ° oblong dark tubercles and lanceolate tips, margins very wage an me with one or two short straight teeth or spines. R. dentatus, Watt. . 1730 (not of Linn.). " BENGAL, Clarke. Kuasta Mrs., Griffith. BEHAR, J. D. H. Dzocaw PENIN- LA, Herb. Heyne ( Wallich). . " : Stem 6-18 in, Alike ot grooved. Leaves 6-8 by 1-1} in. thin 5 en ae slender. Fruiting perianth much larger than in R. maritimus, very ; ar mendu as is the whole raceme. — Closely resembles R. conglomeratus, but the p orm, and the tips of the valves acute. *** Inner Jruiting-sepals with broad much-toothed wings. . : . ], leaves 4. R. dentatus Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1013; annual, oblong obtuse often contracted above the rounded or cordate pase often waved or crisped, whorls distinct leafy or not, fruiting pon teulated oblong-ovate with an oblong smooth tubercle and broad dense E n wings which are irregularly toothed, teeth short stout straig! "as Wall. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 56 (excl. syn. Wall. Cat). R. Roxburg btc 2 folius, Cat. 1731, in part, R. Klotzschianus, Meissn. l.c. 07. R. o resi jue, Herb, Ham., Wall. Cat. 6289. Rumex, No. 3, Herb. Strach. & Winterb. From Assam and SıLmeT to the INDUS, common, ascending the Himalaya to ft. ScINDE, Stocks. The Concan, Law, &c. —— mE Habit of R. Patientia, L., to. which this is closely allied, Distinguishable from 60 CXIX. POLYGONACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Rumex. the other Indian annual species by its broad irregularly-toothed wings, the teeth of which are not hooked.—A specimen from Oude has very narrow wings, and thus shows a transition to nigricans. I cannot in Herbarium specimens distinguish large specimens of this with petioled floral leaves cordate at the base from states of R. nepalensis. Except for its shorter pedicels, this would pass for R. obtusifolius, L. 5. R. nepalensis, Spreng. Syst. ii. 159; perennial ?, tall, branched, radical leaves large oblong ovate-oblong or triangular-ovate acute or obtuse base widely or narrowly cordate, upper sessile or petioled similar or with narrowed bases, racemes elongate, whorls distant, valves orbicular-ovate one or all with an oblong tubercle broadly winged, wing pectinately toothed strongly reticulate, teeth usually hooked at the tip. Boiss. FT. Orient. 1v. 1011; Wall. Cat. 1728; Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 64, in Linnea xiv. 192, and in DC. Prodr. xiv.1. 55; Wight Ic.t.1810. R. Roxburghianus, Schultes fil. Syst. vii. 1402 (not of Wallich). R. hamatus, Trevir. in Nov. Aet. Leopold. xiii. 174; Meissn. in DC. L c. 56. R. ramulosus, Meissn. in DC.1. c. R.peregrinus, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1, v. 46. R. tuberosus, Roxb. in Herb. Willd. (ex Meissn.). R. uncinatus, Hort. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Bhotan to Kashmir, alt. 4-9000 ft. (12,000 on the Chenab, Stewart), Kuasta Mrs. ? WESTERN PENINSULA ; on the Ghats from the Concan to the Nilghiris.—DisTRIB. Westward to Asia Minor, Java, S. Africa. Root with tuberous fibres (Boissier). Stem 2-4 ft., stout, erect. Lower leaves often 6-14 by 3-5 in., undulate or not; petiole very slender, upper petioled or sessile. —Probably not specifically different from R. pulcher, L. Sect. II. Acetosa, Tournef. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Styles arising from the angles of the ovary, inner sepals (valves) much enlarged, membranous, entire, midrib with a deflexed tubercle near its base. Leaves hastate. 6. R. scutatus, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1015; perennial, poly- gamous, papillose, stem creeping below branched, leaves all long-petioled hastately cordate or sub-3-lobed lateral lobes rounded suddenly contracted into the narrower midlobe, racemes very slender, whorls 2—4-fld. distant, valves cordate at the base. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 69; Campd. Rum. 132, t. 2, f£. 6. R. hastifolius, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caue. i. 290. Western HIMALAYA; Simla, TAomson.—DisTRIB. Persia and westward to Middle and South Europe and N. Africa. Somewhat glaucous. Branches slender, 1-2 ft., lexuous, dichotomously divided, ending in long lax panicles. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., the lobes all broad. Flowers small; pedicels jointed about the middle, elongating in fruit.— The specimens are not in fruit. 7. R. hastatus, Don Prodr. .74; glaucous, polygamous, branches erect from a stout shrubby base all petioled rhombic deltoid or hastately 3-lobed with the lobes all narrow, racemes very slender panicled, whorls few-fld. distant, valves orbicular notched at both ends. Meissn. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 61, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 72; Wall. Cat. 1729. Himataya; from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 1-8000 ft. Buoran, Booth.— DisTRIB. Affghanistan. . Rootstock woody, often as thick as the thumb ; branches much divided, slender, 1-2 ft.,obscurely angled. Leaves j-1 in., coriaceous, nerveless. Racemes ending the branches, rachis filiform’; flowers very small, pedicels lengthening in fruit. Valves 3-4 in. diam., often pink, very delicately veined. 8. R. acetosa, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv.1015; perennial, dioecious, Rumez.| CXIX. POLYGONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 61 green, stem subsimple, radical leaves petioled oblong obtuse base cordate astate or sagittate, cauline sessile, racemes lax, whorls 6-8-fld., outer sepals reflexed, valves orbicular. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 64; Fl. Dan. t. 2534; Engl. Bot. t. 127. WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 8-12,000 ft.—DrsTRIB. N. Asia, Europe from the Caucasus westward, N. America. Root of slender fibres, from a short woody stock. Stem 1-2 ft., deeply grooved. Leaves 2-6 in.; petiole of lower slender; stipules ragged. Panicle contracted ; branches strict, erect, leafless. Sepals of male with scarious margins. Valves of ripe female perianth broadly ovate-cordate, pink or crimson. 9. R. vesicarius, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1017; annual, moncecious, glabrous, branched from the root, rather fleshy, leaves petioled elliptic ovate or oblong 3-5-nerved, base cuneate rarely cordate or hastate, racemes short terminal and leaf-opposed leafless, flowers pedicelled some- times 2-nate and connate, valves large orbicular 2-lobed at each end very membranous and reticulate without a marginal nerve. Meissn. in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 64, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 70; Rozb. Fl. Ind. ii. 209 ; Campd. Rum. 129, t. 3, £.1.8; Wall. Cat. 1732. WESTERN PANJAB; on the Salt range, and trans-Indus hills; cultivated and an escape in other parts of India.—DrRTRIB. Affghanistan, Persia, the Levant, and N. Africa. Pale green, 6-12 in. high, dichotomously branched. Leaves 1-3 in. obtuse or acute; petiole as long as the blade. Racemes 1-1} in.; pedicels slender, jointed about the middle or unjointed. Fruit 4 in. diam., white or pink, valves hyaline. Sect. III. Acetosella, Meissn. Flowers dicecious. Styles arising from the angles of the ovary. Inner sepals herbaceous, hardly enlarged in fruit. Leaves hastate, 10. R. acetosella, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1018; perennial, stem slender simple or branched from the base, lower leaves petioled lan- ceolate or hastate, uppermost sessile, racemes leafless, flowers minute, pedicels jointed at the top. .Meissn. in DO. Prodr. 63; Fl. Dan. 1161; Engl. Bot, t. 1674, Eastern HIMALAYA; Sikkim, at Darjeeling, alt. 7-8000 ft.,' Clarke; introduced ? —DIsTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia.— Introduced elsewhere. Glabrous; often bright red in autumn ; rootstock creeping, much branched. Leaves ł-2 in., variable in breadth and form; stipules silvery, torn. Racemes erect; male fl. largest. Fruiting sepals oblong, erect, closely appressed to the small 3-gonous fruit.—Sheep-sorreil. Orpen CXX. PODOSTEMONACEJE. Aquaties, growing on stones in tropieal streams, annual or perennial. Stem branched with Fearon or with these confluent into amorphous fronds. Inflorescence various, often of a 1- or many-flowered scape, na ed or arising from a tubular sheath. Flowers 1-sexual, rarely dicecious, usually enclosed m a spathe, Perianth 0, or membranous, lobed or partite or of a few Scales. Stamens definite or not, free or connate, hypogynous or perigynous, „aments flat: anthers 9.lobed. Ovary free, sessile or stalked, smooth or ribbed, 1-3-celled ; styles 2-3, or one and columnar, stigma one capitate, or Simple toothed or laciniate ; ovules many, anatropons, axile or parietal. Capsule 1-8,celled ; septicidal or septifragal, valves 2-3. Seeds 62 cxx. POoDOSTEMONACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) minute, testa mucilaginous, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons 2, radicle inferior.—Genera 21; species about 120, chiefly tropical. An Order of very doubtful affinity,'some genera of which I am disposed to regard as perhaps consisting of reduced forms of Scrophularinee or Lentibularinee. The species are probably very numerous in India, though unknown in rivers having snow- feeders. I have followed Weddel’s most careful monograph in describing the Indian species, reducing the genera in accordance with Bentham’s revision of these in the . Genera Plantarum. I suspect that an examination of more copious materials will modify the characters of the species, and perhaps bring some of them together as varieties or forms of dimorphic or polymorphic plants. Tribe I. Tristichere. Flowers 2-sexual. Stamens 1-3. Ovary 3- celled. Styles 3. Stamens 3 , , e. © © © © 5. o o 1l. TERNIOLA. Tribe II. Bupodostemew. Perianth of 2 rarely 3 scales. Stamens 1, or 2-3 with the filaments connate. Stigmas subsessile, broad, flat, crested. Stamens 2 . . 2. HYDROBRYUM. Stigmas short, linear or ovate, entire. Stamens 2 0. > « . 9. PODOSTEMON. 1. TERNIOLA, Tulasne. Stems confluent into an expanded horizontal lobed frond, or in one species long and floating. Leaves minute, setaceous. Flowering-buds adnate to the base of the stem, or scattered along the elongated branches ; pedicel solitary, with a ring of scale-like leaves usually forming a short sheath round its base. Flowers 2-sexual. Perianth hyaline, 3-lobed. Stamens 3, filaments free. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, spreading, inner, linear; placentze thick, in the inner angles of the cells. Capsule ovoid, septicidally 3-valved, valves equal, septa vanishing.—Species 7, all Indian. * Stems Srond-like horizontal. 1. T. zeylanica, Tul. Monogr. Podost. 190, t. 13, f. 3; plant flat suborbicular or irregularly lobed, leaves some very narrow in rosettes, others connate into a short broad tubular or cup-shaped echinate sheath with a ciliate mouth. Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 46. T. ceylanica, Wight Ic. t. 1919. Tristicha zeylanica, Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 177. Lawia zeylanica, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 119. Dalzellia zeylanica, Wight l. c. 34. Mnianthus zeylanicus, Walp. Ann. iii. 443. CEYLON ; on smooth gneiss rocks in streams at Peradenyia. Plant frond-like, attached to stones, about 1 in. diam. “Leaves simple, sometimes forked or lacerate, 4 in. long, mixed with papilla. Sheath bristling with rigid teeth (tips of connate leaves), Pedicel equalling the flower, at length elongate and jin. long. Perianth oblong. Stamens included. Capsule ellipsoid, subsessile, 9-ribbed, crowned with 3 recurved stigmas. 2. T. pulchella, Tul. Monogr. Podost. 192, t. 13, f. 4; plant minute narrow flat lobed, leaves distichous short linear acute, sheath cylindric of slender connate leaves mouth ciliate. Wedd. in D.C. Prodr. xvii. 46. Lawia pulchella, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser, 3, xi.113. Mnianthus pul- chellus, Walp. Ann. iii, 443. The Concan ; near Bombay. Plant frond-like, $5 in. diam.; lobes very short, terminated by buds. Leaves } in. : 2 Termola.] OXX. PODOSTEMONACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 63 long, of ith a white mesial line, upper shorter. Pedicel about as long as the leaves. Perianth obtusely 3-lobed. Capsule obovoid, crowned with 3 short stigmas. 3. T. Lawii, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 47 ; plant very minute flat, leaves sublanceolate crowded round the base of the sheath which is formed of connate leaves with free recurved tips, pedicel very short. Tulasnea Lawii, Wight Ic. t. 1919, f. 3. Dalzellia Lawii, Wight J. c. 35, i ¿The Concay ; in the Salset River, Law. Plant about 4 in. diam. Flowering buds crowded round the margins of the frond. Perianth-segments obtuse. Capsule ellipsoid, obscurely ribbed. | — 4. T. longipes, Tul. Monogr. Podost. 193, t. 13, f£. 2; plant minute, narrow, lobed, leaves’ crowded round the base of the sheath subdistichous bo linear-elongate acute longer than the pedicel, sheath broad formed of con- S nate leaves ciliate. Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 47. Lawia longipes, Tul, = 98 Amn. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 113. Mnianthus longipes, Walp. Ann. iii. 443. The Conca ; in streams near Bombay, Law. Similar to T. Lauii; margins of the lobes studded with buds. Leaves flat, broad at the base, 4-3 in. long. Pedicel lengthening to 3 in. : 5. T. pedunculosa, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 47; plant flat lobed, leaves short subulate all connate into a sheath that is much shorter than the ; l Dalzellia pedunculosa, Wight Ic. 35. Tulasnea pedunculosa, ight l. c. t. 1919, £ 4. . The CoNcAN; Bombay, in the Salset River, Law; North Canara, Talbot. - 4. Probably only a variety of T. longipes, as surmised by Weddel, but considered distinet by Wight; the capsule is the same. 6. T. foliosa, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 47; plant broad flat lobed, leaves elongate linear crowded round the base of the pedicel and much shorter than it, none of them connate into a sheath. Dalzellia foliosa, Wight Te. 35, Tulasnea foliosa, Wight l. c. t. 1919, f. 2. The Concan; Bom , in the Salset River, Law. ¢ —,, Plant about 3 in. brod hargin of lobes studded with buds. Zeaves numerous lon. cluster, 1-1 in, long, very narrow, flat, very acute, translucent. Pedicel y; in. ** Stems elongate, filiform. 7. T. ramosissima, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 47 ; stem filiform very long floating much branched, branches some like the stems, others Short and flowering, leaves alternate narrowly linear almost acicular, sheath Very short of connate leaves much shorter than the pedicel. Dalzellia ramosissima, Wight Ic. 35. Tulasnea ramosissima, Wight l. c. MALABAR; rivers in Cochin, Johnson. . A foot or more long; leafy, stems submerged ; flowering branches floating, attached to the upper face of the stem and accompanied by two very slender branch- ets. Leaves on the sterile branches almost acicular, shorter than on the flowering. Sheath hardly any, its outer leaves short and very acute. Pedicel j-3 in. long. erianth 3-lobed almost to the middle, Filaments at length exserted ; anthers oblong, base sagittate. Capsule oblong, narrowed at both ends, 9-ribbed ; stigmas slender, suberect, , 2. HYDROBRYUM, Endl. Plants small, green, herbaceous, frond-like, spreading over stones, send- ing up buds clothed at the base with distichous scale-like leaves. Flowers 61 OXX. PODOSTEMONACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Hydrobryum. 2-sexual, each enclosed in a sessile membranous sheath. Periagth 0. Stamens 2, filaments united below; staminodes 2, linear. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled; stigmas 2, subsessile, broad, flat, spreading, crested or toothed, deciduous. Capsule long-pedicelled, ovoid ; valves equal 5-ribbed. ; H. Griffithii, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 104, and Monogr, Podost. 141; Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 67. Podostemon [Griffithii, Walt. mss.; Griff. in As. Res. xix. 105, t. 17, and Ic. Pl. As. t. 541, f. 2, & t. 544. P. Griffithii, Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1850, 40, 41. Kuasta Mrs., on rocks in streams, alt. 2-3000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T. Plants consisting of small coriaceous green frond-like lobed patches about 1 in. broad adhering firmly to stones, with buds irregularly scattered over the surface ; flowering buds of 6 distichously imbricating leaves about jj in. long, the lower of which have often filiform tips. Spathe about 7, in. long. Stamens as long as the ovary ; anthers oblong ; staminodes with subspathulate tips, appressed to the ovary in bud. Ovary subglobose; style very short, stigmas cuneate. Capsule oblong* lanceolate, valves delicately ribbed. ; > a 3. PODOSTEMON, Wichauz. Herbs of various habits. Pedicels scattered and adnate to the stem or in terminal or lateral very short branches which are naked or scaly at the base. Flower 2-sexual sessile in a little spathe, with 2 linear staminodes at the side of the staminal column. Stamens 2, filaments united below. Ovary ovoid, 2-celled; styles short linear subulate or ovate acute. pedicelled, ovoid, or ellipsoid ; valves 3-5-ribbed, persistent or one deci@gous. —Species about 20, American, Madagascarian and Indian. l Sect. I. Dicræa. Stems branched, floating. Flower-buds few, lateral on the branches. 1. P. dichotomus, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 165; ‘stems dichotomously branched compressed floating, flowering branches elongate flexuous, flowers distichously alternate on short leafy branches, sheath of connate leaves the lower of which are scale-like the upper subu- late, capsule ellipsoid. Dicræa dichotoma, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi- 101, and Monogr. Podost. 119, t. 9, f. 1.; Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 69. DeccaN PENINSULA, in streams of the Western Ghats. P. dichotomus proper; stems slender flexuous and angled. Dicræa dichotoma, Tul. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 100, and Monogr. Podost. 114; Wight Ic. t. 1916 f. 2.—Nilghiri Mts. ; in the Pycarrah River, Wight. ] Var. Wightii, Wedd. 1. c.; stems and branches shorter broader more flexuous, leaves subulate, flowers more numerous. P. Wightii, Gardn. 1. c. ; Wight Ie. t; 196, f.3. Dierza Wightii, Tul. ll. c.—Nilghiri Mts.; in the Pycarrah River, "ight. Var. longifolia, Wedd 1. c.; habit of var. Wightii, but leaves e the lower be Dicrzea longifolia, Wight L. c. 1916, f. 1.— Malibu Tonay porn ü Var. rigida, Wedd. l. c. ; stems and branches stouter more rigid flowering through- eats all cue ike and connate into a tubular 2-fid "sheath. P. rigidus, ardn, L. c. icræa rigida, Tul. ll. c. ; Wight Ic. t. — Nilehiri si the Pycarrah River, Wight. pag t, I916, f. 6.—Nilghiri Mis, ie 2. P.stylosus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 112; stems very long branched compressed margins floriferous, leaves 4 distichously imbricate inner obtuse subcuspidate sheathing the spathe, stigmas pubescent equalling or exceeding a Capsule long- - r $ 5 3 t . Scat Podostemon.] cxx. roposrEMONacEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 65 the ovary, capsule 6-ribbed. Dicræa stylosa, Wight Ic. t. 1917, f. 9; Wedd. in DC. Prodr..xvii. 70. MALABAR; in mountain streams, near Calicut, Johnson. TRAVANCORE; in streams of the Anamallay Hills, Wight. . The long stigmas distinguish this species. 9. P. elongatus, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 188; stems long filiform subsimple terete floating below and branches flowering, tips elong- ate leafy flowerless, leaves acicular, flowers distichous in spikes or comaa terminating short branches, capsule ellipsoid. Dicræa elongata. Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser: 3, xi. 102, and Monogr:. Podost. 194, t. 9, f£. 2; Wight Ic. t. 1917, f. 1; Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 70. CEYLON; in the Mahawalle Gunga River, below Peradenyia, Gardner. Stems tufted, 1-2 in., clothed with distichous buds ; upper buds doworless, Er sisting of clusters of linear or subspathulate leaves 3—1 in. long. ; pee uds pi t shaped acute keeled leaves connate at the base and enclosing the Pres Ap "e funnel.shaped, mouth 2-fid. Filament stout, equalling the ovary and r ig . €— nodes ; anthers oblong. Capsule sessile on the fruiting pedicels, which ter short leafless branches, 8-12-ribbed ; stigmas ovate, acute. 4. P. algeeformis, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 112; stems long com- pressed floating simply or dichotomously branched from the baso, branches Strap-shaped simple or forked obtuse, flowers on the margins p hich the below or branches, pedicel with minute leaves at the base, o "hi Di rea inner are large and concave, capsule elliptic-oblong es a ; p C algeformis, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 223, t. 24; We in I rn. Prodr. xvii. 70; Warm. in Videlsk. Selsk. Skr. vi. 2, t. 12; Trim. in Journ. Bot. xxiii. (1855). 173. ; TRAVANCORE; on rocks in streams of the Anamallay Mts., Beddome. CETAN; near Kandy, Trimen. Stems tafted, dark green, i in., like a Fucus ; branches unequal, neds long Clustered. Spathe with a dilated 2-3-fid mouth. Staminodes 2-3, subulate, a "88 the ovary. Filaments connate below ; anthers oblong. Stigmas subulate.—Mr. a N 1 be- emsley, who has examined the Ceylon specimens, regards them as intermediate tween P. algeformis and Wallichii. . ‘Hist. vii. 184; stem 5. P. subulatus, Garda. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 184; ste short simple or dichotomous, branches short leafy, leaves amplexicaul as tichous elongate-subulate, pedicels short, stigmas subulate-lanced’ EN » in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 103, and Monogr. Padost. 135, t. 9, f. oP dom DC. Prodr. xvii. 74; Wight Te. t. 1918, f. 1; Thwaites Enum. 222. P. droides, Thw. mss, CEYTON; on rocks in the Mahawalle Gunga River, near Holnicut. . Stems stout, rough, 1-1} in., attached to stones by a small fleshy depressed rootaton. Leaves 1-25 in., base very broad, with rarely a short stipule on the margh Songer sheath. Spathe broadly tubular, 2—4-lobed unequally. ipie pem Ads than the ovary ; staminodes shorter, narrowly linear. Capsule ellipsoid, usually Peduncled ; valves 8-ribbed, one falling before the other. Sect. II. Polypleurum. Stem flat dilated frond-like. Flower-buds tered or submarginal, with few scales. 6. P. Hookerianus Wedd. in DO. Prodr. xvii. 74; plant an irre- gularly dilated thickish sinuate or lobulate frond with marginal 1-fld. buds Of about 6 distichously imbricate ovate obtuse or acuminate leaves, capsule VOL. Y. bl 66 CXX. PODOSTEMONACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Podostemon. smooth. Mniopsis Hookeriana, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 104, and Monogr. Podost. 147, t. 8, f. 5; Wight Ic. t. 1918, f. 4. . The CoNcaN; near Bombay, in streams, Law. N. CANARA, in the Kala nuddi, Talbot. . Plant 1-2 in. broad, appressed to rocks, &c. Leaves not keeled, lower short obtuse, = upper fin. long. Spathe tubular, mouth 2-lobed. Pedicel about 4 in. Filament flat; staminodes linear, acute, shorter than the ovary. Ovary sessile, globose ; stigmas | long, subulate-lanceolate. Capsule subglobose, one valve falling away before the | other.—Mr. Hemsley regards the Canara specimens as intermediate between P. stylosus | vnd algeformis. i 7. P. Sohnsonii, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 75; plant an irregularly dilated membranous suborbicular or lobed frond, buds on the upper surface 1-fld. of 4-6 distichously imbricate ovate obtuse keeled leaves, capsule smooth or with 8 confluent broad ribs. Mniopsis Johnsonii, Wight Ic. t. 1919, f. 5. MALABAR ; in rivers, Johnson, E Plant 1-1 in. broad, appressed to the stones, &c. Leaves j, in., spreading, rigid 1 when dry, upper rather the longest. Spathe ovoid, subcompressed, split ventrally and at the tip. Filament longer than the ovary ; anthers ovate; staminodes very narrow, incurved above, equalling the ovary. Ovary globose, sessile; stigmas short, linear. Capsule ellipsoid. { 8. P. olivaceus, Gardz. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. 181 ; plant a mem- j branous irregularly lobed flat frond, buds crowded on its upper surface 1-fid. : of 6 equitant oblong obtuse acutely keeled leaves, capsule with 8 thick ribs. ~ Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 75. P. griseus, Garda. l.c. Hydrobryum oliva- ceum & griseum, Tul. in; Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 104 and. Monogr.’ Podost. 138, 140, t. 9; Wight Ic. t. 1918, £. 2. ? P. Gardneri, Harv. mss. ; Thwaites Enum, 223. ; i .. NinaHiRi Mrs, ; in the Pycarrah River, Wight. CEYLON; in the Mahawalle — Gunga River, Gardner, &c. d Plant about 1 in. broad, appressed to. rocks, &c., its lobes sometimes imbricating. | Leaves 4 in., upper larger. Spathe elliptic-oblong, incumbent òn the frond, at length ~ split longitudinally. Pedicel at length} in. long. Filament compressed, arms short, . anthers ovate; staminodes linear, shorter than the ovary. Ovary sessile; stigmas ~ short, triangular-lanceolate. Capsule ellipsoid, ribs of the persistent valve decurrent : on the pedicel.—P. Gardneri, which consists of a simple terete stem crowned with capillary leaves, and grows on the rootstock of P. olivaceus, is supposed to be aD © abnormal foliaceous development of that plant. 9. P. acuminatus, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 75; plant a flat à frond radiately lobed, buds in the sinus and angles between the lobes 1-fid- & of 6 equitant leaves terminating in long subulate caducous points, cap^ sule broadly 8-ribbed. ° KnasrA Mrs., in the Bogapane and Kalapane Rivers, J. D. H. & T. T. Plant minute, membranous, subdichotomously irregularly shortly forked or lobed - andtoothed. Buds horizontal; lower leaves shorter, obtuse. © Spathe ellipsoid, nar- | rowed below, at length split longitudinally. Pedicel ascending, jj in. Filament flattened, arms short, spreading, staminodes linear, half as longas the ovary. Stigmas f subülate-lanceolate. Capsule obliquely ellipsoid, ribs of the persistent valve decur-, | rent on the pedicel. a : 10. P. microcarpus, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 76; plant a dicho- tomous flat branching frond bearing scattered 1-fld. buds of 6-8 equitant subacute compressed keeled leaves, spathe boat-shaped, capsule obovoid dry. | Sheath split to the base on one side, margin waved or lobed, fleshy ; Podostemon.] cxx. popostemonaces. (J. D. Hooker.) 67 ellipsoid not ribbed. Hydrobryum lichenoides, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 103. TENASSERIM; on branches of shrubs near waterfalls at Tavoy and Moulmein, arish. . Plant 1-2 in. broad, adhering tò bark, irregularly or subradiately spreading. Leaves i, in. long, upper largest. Spathe open, rather shorter than the pedicel: Stamens unknown.—I have seen no specimen of Kurz's Hydrobryum lichenoides, of which the description is very meagre; as, however, he states it to have been received from Parish and collected in Burma, there is little room to doubt its identity. Weddel describes the plant as not ribbed, Kurz as broadly 8-ribbed. ll. P. Wallichii, Br. in Wall. Cat. 5225; planta minute flat veined lobulate frond, buds on the edges of the lobes 1-fld. continuous with the veins, of 5-7 scale-like subdistichous fleshy at length deciduous leaves, spathe tubular, capsule 8-ribbed. Grif. in As. Research. xix. 108, t. 17, and Notul. 378, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 541, f. 1, 542, 543; Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist.183; Royle Tll.i.331. Dicrzea Wallichii, Tul. in' Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xi. 101, and Monogr. Podost. 118; Wight Ic. t. 1916, f. 1; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 70. Lacis Wallichii, Steud. Nomencl. Poly- . pleurum orientale, Tayl. mss. Blandovia striata, Lehm. mss. i ABTA Mrs., Wallich; at the falis near Churra, Griffith. Ava; at Cheppedong, allich. . Plant ascending, about 1 in. long, veins radiating. Buds usually from between the lobes, rarely superficial. Leaves irregularly disposed, more or less connate. Pedicel i-i. Spathe dilated at the mouth, invaginate about the middle. Filament sub- terete; anthers broadly ovate; staminodes 2 or with a third arising from the fork of the filament. Ovary ovoid ; stigmas thick, subulate, unequal, divaricate. Capsule narrowed into the pedicel; valves persistent, incurved. 12. P. pterophyllus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 112; plant a very small flat-veined lobed frond, lobes entire or forked, buds arising from the veins at about the middle of the frond of 4-6 distichous leaves with winged keels, Capsule ellipsoid 8-12-ribbed. Dicrwa pterophylla, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvn. 7]. - Knuasra Mms.; in rivulets, J. D. H. . Plant variable in form, appressed ; veins radiating from the centre ; lobes or Seg- ments short or sometimes 1} in. long. Upper leaves the longest, about " in. long, keel dilated into an oblong wing. Pedicels 4-} in. Stigmas (imperfect) ovate or ovate-lanceolate, Capsule about y; in. , 13. P. minor . dn Gen. Pl. iii. 112; plant a minute stellately lobed flat veinless ord "bes narrow simple or subdichotomously branched, puds on the margins and upper surface of the fronds leafless, spathe enclosed m a very obliquely funnel-shaped sheath, capsule ellipsoid 10-ribbed. Dicrwa minor, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 71. Kuasra Mrs.; Griffith. lant fragmentary, fragments 14 in, long and less, very narrow, olive brown tba Seated in the sheath, tubular, mouth 2-lobed, longer tban the pedicel. Filament aiualling the capsule; anthers ovate ; staminodes very slender, half as long as the ‘ment. Capsule sessile, subacute, dorsal nerve acute; stigmas linear, acute. Sect. III. Sela oid Stems of two forms, flowering densely fascicled elongate, od with imbricating tetrastichous thic scales ; eaves of the flowerless stem with very long filiform tips. ja 68 CXX. PODOSTEMONACEGX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Podostemon. 14. P. selaginoides, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 113; stems densely tufted simple erect the flowerless naked below, flowering densely clothed from the base with 4-ranked imbricating scales, flowers terminal subsessile, ' capsule ellipsoid smooth. Mniopsis selaginoides, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 223, t. 28. Dicræa selaginoides, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 68. SovTH DEcCAN ; in streams of the Anamallay Hills, Wight, Beddome. Rootstock small, depressed, stems 2-3 in.rather fleshy. Leaves of the flowerless stems 3-4 in. long, semiterete below then strap-shaped, those of the flowering stems subclavate, the upper 4 in., lower shorter, keeled at the back, channelled in front; filiform tips jointed at the base and deciduous. Spathe amongst the upper leaves, saccate, mouth 2-lobed. Ovary ellipsoid, obtuse, stigmas unequal. Filament equal- ling the ovary, anthers oblong; staminodes narrowly linear. Capsule $ in. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Dicrma APICATA, Zul. Monogr. Podost. 204; Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 71; stems 2-3 in. compressed simple naked crowned with a brush of filiform branchlets, flowers as in P. dichotomus.—N ilghiri Mts., Wight; in streams at Pycarrah, Gardner. ? Ceylon, Thwaites (C. P. 2989). Probably (according to Tulasne) an abnormal form of P. dichotomus var. rigida. OrvErR CXXI. NEPENTHACEIE. Climbing. or prostrate evergreen undershrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipu- late ; midrib stout, produced into a peduncle which bears a pitcher of various forms, nerves parallel; pitcher.with 2 longitudinal ribs or wings in front, at first closed by a lid which opens and becomes erect or reflected, inner surface covered below the middle with. glands that secrete water; mouth with 8 revolute and closely ribbed margin (peristome). Inflorescence terminal or lateral; flowers racemose rarely panicled, dicecious, small, green or brownish. Perianth 4-, rarely 3-partite ; segments oblong, glandular within. MALE FL. Stamens 4-16, united in a column crowned by the usually connate anthers with extrorse dehiscence. FEMALE FL. Ovary supérior, 4- rarely 3-gonous, 4—3-celled ; stigma sessile, discoid, 4—3-lobed. Ovules numerous, in many series, attached to the septa, anatropous, ascending. Capsule coriaceous, loculicidally 4—3-valved. Seeds very numerous, minute, imbricate, testa membranous, produced into a thread at each end; albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, straight, cotyledons linear, radicle short inferior.—Genus 1, species about 30, Tropical Asia, Malay Islands, N. Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar and the Seychelles. NEPENTHES, Linn. . Character of the Order. * Flowers panicled. 1. N. distillatoria, Linn.; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 93; gla- brous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, petiole broadly winged k-amplexicaul, pitcher cylindric hardly inflated below, mouth subcordate, ribs not winged, peristome narrow not dilated behind, lid smooth within. Burm. Fl. Ind. 190; Gertn. Fruct. ii. 18, t. 33; Thwaites Enum. 290. N. indica, Poir. Encycl. lv. 458 ;" Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Wat. i. 43, t. 5, f. 1. Bandura zey- lanica, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 49, t. 17. MESS. CEYLON ; south ofthe island, common.. A tall climber. Leaves 5-12 by 1-2} in., coriaceous, acute or acuminate.. Pitchers . Nepenthes.] ` cxxr wEPENTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 69 4-6 in. long; peristome very narrow; lid orbicular. Panicle 8-12 in., puberulous. Flowers 4 in. diam. ** Flowers in a raceme with at its base short branches with scorpioid inflorescence. 2. N. ampullaria, Jack in Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 271; stem stout rusty-pubescent, leaves elliptic-' or obovate-lanceolate or obcuneate pubescent beneath narrowed into a short winged }-amplexicaul petiole, lower pitchers fascicled globose leafless, upper saccate, wings mbriate, peristome broad and deep, lid linear reflexed, peduncle short and inflo- rescence rusty-tomentose. Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 93; Lambert, Pinus IT. App. t.8; Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. 39, t.13; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5109. N. ampullacea, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 9; Wall. Cat. 2243 A, in part. SINGAPORE, Jack. Maxacoa, Cuming, Gri th.—DrstRis. Sumatra, Borneo. Stem prostrate below, with a whorl of fae short pitchers, above Praes Leaves 3-12 by 1-4 in., nerves 2-4 on each side. Pitchers, green, purple-spot a lower 1-2 in. diam., upper cylindric cup-shaped or hemispheric, often gibbous or in- flated in front ; mouth orbicular; throat glandular to the top; peristome for adul a deep curtain in the pitcher; lid very much smaller than the mouth, eglandular, Racemes 4-10 in., dense-fld. Flowers 3-3 in. diam. Capsule 1-1} in. *** Flowers simply racemose; pedicels rarely 2-fid. 09. N. Rafflesiana, Jack in Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.270; stem stout cylindric, lower leaves lunceolate upper oblong to rap anceolate, petiole long 4-amplexicaul, lower pitchers ventricose below, wings mbriate upper funnel-shaped not winged, neck elongate, ! St 9 7 dilated and pectinate posteriorly, lid smooth within. Wall. at. ess. 2243 A, in part; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 96; Hook. Bot. Mag. Por. FI. des Serres, t. 213, 214; Korth. in Ann. de Gand. iii. 7,t.105; De Te Tuinbow Flor i. 208, t. 5. N. Hookeri, Alphand Prom. de Paris, cum Le. SINGAPORE, Jack, &c.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Borneo. : . Stem long, stout, and young leaves thinly woolly. Leaves 4-18 in tomer diam. ranous; petiole 3-8 in. Pitchers puberulous, peduncle stout, lower 3 tome $ in. greenish yellow blotched with purple, mouth oblique contracted ; Pid with large road; upper pitchers 6-12 in. long; wings narrow, ciliate or not; pu Cap- glands. Racemes 6-10 in., white and woolly, dense-fld. ; flowers 4 in. diam. P sule 1-13 in.— Varies from glabrous to white-woolly. . . indric 4. N. phyllam hora, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 2. 874; stem cylindric, leaves ellipti c-oblong or lanceolate young denticulate and ciliate, petiole long ~amplexicaul, pitchers subcylindric, peristome narrow, lid o EA n. orbicular, racemeg pubescent, pedicels slender. Wall. Cat. 2244; j^ g : in Ann, Sc, Nat. i 458; Jack in Mul. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. 2 ag. " 271; Korthals in Verh. Nat. Gesch. 28, t. 15; Hook. f. in DC. AMA 97. N. fimbriata & macrostachya, Blume l. c. ; Miquel lll. F: o i - c} p. 3. t. 2, and 5. t. 6. Phyllamphora mirabilis, Lour. Fi. Coch. 606.— Rumph. ero. Amboin. v. t, 191. | SINGAPORE, Wallich; Maxacca, on Mt. Ophir, Zobb.—DISTRIB. Malay Archi- 9, China, New Guinea. ! tem short, creeping and climbing. Leaves 4-18 in., young puberulous; nervas pel; petiole 14-5 in, Pitchers 4-6 in. long, narrowed at the base, n9 lean d peristome 1-4 in. diam., lid densely glandular within. acemes slender, mealy airy; flowers i-i in. diam, Capsule 1-8 in. long. 70 CXXI. NEPENTHACE®. (J. D. Hooker) — [Nepenthes. 5. N. sanguinea, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1849, 580, with wood-cut ; stem stout 3-gonous, leaves sessile obovate-oblong or cuneate cordately amplexicaul, pitchers large young short ventricose below narrowly 9-winged, old cylindric narrowed below, peristome broad dilated. posteriorly, lid densely glandular within, racemes lax-fld., pedicels long capillary. Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 100. N. sanguinea, Griff. Posth, Papers, iv. 948. Maracca ; at Goonong Ledang, Griffith ; Mt. Ophir, Lobb. — Often epiphytic; branches short, stout. Leaves with imbricating bases; nerves 2-8 hairs, obscure. Pitchers 12 by 24-33 in., blood-red, scurfy ; mouth broad, ovate, produced behind ; peristome 3-2 in. broad, inner margin inflexed ; lid membranous. Racemes pubescent, male a foot long, female shorter ; pedicels 1-1} in.; flowers small, i-i in. diam. 6. N. khasiana, Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 102; stem cylindric, leaves sessile amplexicaul lanceolate base shortly decurrent penninerved, pitchers large subcylindric inflated below, mouth contracted, peristome broad, racemes robust puberulous, pedicels short. N. distillatoria, Wall. Cat. 2244, in part; Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2798. N. phyllamphora, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T... KnasIA and JyNTEA Mrs., Wallich, &c. Stem short, stout, elongate under cultivation, prostrate, leafy. Leaves 1-2 ft. by 14-84 in., acute or acuminate, base narrowed, nerves numerous, Pitchers 4-7 by 14-3 in., membranous, glabrous, green, reddish. above, young shortly winged mouth orbicular ; peristome cylindric ; lid membranous, Racemes lateral and terminal, puberulous; pedicels 4 in. ; flowers 4 in. diam., green. Capsule 3-1 in. long.—A specimen of this in Herb. Wallich is marked as from “ Courtallam, Herb. Heyne, but has never been found there by any subsequent collector, and it is inconceivable that the natives should not know so remarkable a plant. 7. N. albo-marginata, Lobb ex Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1849, 580, with wood-cut; stem subcylindric and racemes and pitchers hoary-pubescent, leaves subsessile with a shortly decurrent 4-amplexicaul base elliptic- - lanceolate acuminate, pitchers cylindric or funnel-shaped, or younger ventrieose below, with a white velvety band on the neck, peristome narrow; lid orbicular glandular within, racemes long, pedicels very slender. Hook. f- in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 422, t. 78, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 102. N. tomentella, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 1075, and Ill. Fl. Ins. Archip. Y^ t.5. N.distillatoria, Wall. Cat. 2244, in part. SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DISTRIB. Borneo. Hoary-pubescent. Stem elongate, subtomentose or subsilky. Leaves 8-14 by 3-li in.; nerves 1-2 on each side, slender. Pitchers 3-5 by 1} in., green purple or mottled with purple and red, stellately downy, lower ventricose below with fimbriate _ wings, upper narrower. Racemes elongate, lax-fld. ; pedicels 3-1 in. ; flowers 3-5 in. diam. Capsule 13-2 in. 8. N. Reinwardtiana, Miquel in Plant. Jungh. i. 168, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 1075, and J/lust. Pl. Ins. Archip. 4, t. 4; stem glabrous obtusely 3-gonous, 2-3-winged above, leaves sessile 3-amplexicaul linear- lanceolate acuminate shortly decurrent glabrous, pitchers subcylindri¢ inflated below glabrous, mouth dilated produced posteriorly, peristome narrow smooth, lid densely glandular within, racemes downy lax-fid., pedicels slender. Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 103. N. distillatoria, Wall. Cat, 2244, in part. SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Borneo. : Stem subcylindric below, winged above by the decurrent leaf bases. Leaves 5 -10 ARI Se eae qc RP Seer ST ee Nepenthes.] CXXI. NEPENTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 71 by 3-1 in., lower long acuminate, upper shorter often obtuse, nerves 3-4 on each side. Pitchers 4-8 in., violet ; mouth 2-2} in.wide; peristome very obscurely if at all striate. Racemes 5-7 in. long; female shorter, tomentose ; pedicels }—1 in.; flowers small, i-$in. diam. Capsule i-i in.—Differs from WN. gracilis in the glandular lid.and smooth peristome. 9. N. gracilis, Korthals in Verh. Nat. Gesch. xxii. t. 1 and 4, f. 1-38; stem glabrous 3-4-angled, leaves sessile linear-lanceolate decurrent, pitchers cylindric inflated below, contracted in the middle, mouth orbicular, peri- stome very narrow ribbed, lid orbicular with few glands within, racemes narrow downy, pedicels short. Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 104; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 10; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 1071; Spach Suites a Buffon Veg. Phan. t. 144. N. Korthalsiana, Miquel l.c. 1071, and Fl. Ins. Archip, 7,t.1. N. levis, Korth., in part. Mataoca and SINGAPORE; Jack, Wallich.—DrisTRIB. Borneo, _Stem slender, angles obtuse. Leaves 4-7 by 1 in., glabrous, coriaceous; nerves 3-5 pairs, Conspicuous. Pitchers 24-4 in. long, glabrous, membranous, lower winged ; mouth rather dilated; peristome very narrow or almost filiform ; glands of lid very few and large. Racemes tomentose or glabrate, pedicels 1-3 in. Flowers j-] in. broad. Capsule slender, 3-11 in. long, glabrous. Orprr CXXII. CYTINACEZ. Leafless brown reddish or yellowish parasites, or with leaves reduced to scales. Flowers solitary or in a spadix-like spike, or clustered on the root or branch of the host. Perianth superior, 3-10-cleft, segments or lobes imbricate or valvate. Stamens 8 or more, forming a fleshy ring round the style, or inserted on the perianth, 2-celled, bursting by pores or slits. Ovary l-celled, or with many spurious cells formed of branching fleshy pendulous or parietal placentas; stigmas various. Ovules excessively numerous, ort otropous or anatropous. Fruit fleshy, L-celled. Seeds innumerabie, Very minute, sometimes sunk in the placentas, nucleus homogeneous, or albumen cellular with a most minute embryo.—Genera 7, species 22, mostly tropical. 1. SAPRIA, Griff. Plant dicecious, consisting of a solitary large flower sessile in a cup formed of the bark of a Vine stone surrounded at the base by large broad Opposite imbricating bracts. Mare rr. Perianth-tube hemisphene En solid below, cupular above and marked with 20 radiating ridges; lime partite, segments rounded or oblong imbricate in two rows, spreading Ain the base of the tube rises a stout columnar style crowned wit à broad en r shaped very hairy disk. Anthers about 20, sessile in a ring under poe 1 nth Subglobose, 2-3-celled, opening outwards by one pore. FEM. FL. "alls of 0 the male. Ovary traversed by longitudinal sinuous cells the wa nn Which are covered with anatropous ovules; stigma, a pap ulpes with the ree the disk. Fruit the swollen globose ovary crowned wt nth. S. himalaya Griff in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 216, and in Trans. Linn. Soe. xix. 314, & 34, 95, Hock f. in DC Prodr. xvii. 112. S. Grifüthii Brown in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 244. a Origen EN Assam; in the Mishmi Hills, on the roots of a vine, alt. 3-5000 ft., 72 CXXII CYTINACEÆ®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sapria. Buds globose; bracts white and pink. Flowers fotid, 5-6 in. diam., tube blood- red within; segments fleshy, warted; ring at throat clothed with filiform processes ; disk of column rosy. . Order CXXIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEZ. Herbs or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves alternate, entire or 3-5-lobed, exstipulate. Flowers 2-sexual, often large, usually lurid, terminal axillary or lateral, solitary racemose or cymose, bracteate or not. Perianth supe- rior, regular or irregular, 3-lobed or tubular and variously shaped, lobes valvate. Stamens 6 or more, subsessile in a ring round the base of the style, cells parallel opening by dorsal slits. Ovary 4-6-celled, placentas parietal, free or meeting in the axis ; style columnar, stigma lobed; ovules numerous, anatropous. Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds numerous, various, albumen copious fleshy; embryo, minute.—Genera 5, species about 200, chiefly tropical. Perianth short, regular, 3-lobed. Ovary very short . . . . 1. ASARUM. Perianth short, regular. Stamens l-seriate. Ovary linear. . 2. BRAGANTIA. Perianth regular. Stamens 2-seriate. Ovary linear . . . . 3. THOTTEA. Perianth tubular with an inflated base, irregular . . . . . 4. ARISTOLOCHIA. 1. ASARUM, Lim. Perennial herbs; rootstock stout, woody. Leaves radical. Flowers solitary, terminal, peduncled, purple. Perianth shortly campanulate, regular, persistent, 3-lobed. Stamens 12, connective produced. Ovary inferior or j-inferior, 6-celled; styles 6, tubular, grooved or 2-fid. Fruit coriaceous, bursting irregularly. Seeds boat-shaped, convex face wrinkled, opposite face winged or with a fleshy raphe.—Species 13, N. temperate hemisphere. A. himalaicum, Hook. f. & Thoms. mss.; Duchartre in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 424; leaves long-petioled rounded-ovate deeply cordate finely acumi- nate. Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad.1859, 885 ; Braun Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 1861, 12. ` . SrkEIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 9-11,000 ft., J. D. H. Rootstock slender. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., membranous; petiole 4-8 in., slender. Peduncle 1-2 in. Perianth broadly campanulate, lurid purple, 3 in. diam., puberu- lous, lobes triangular. Connective with a subulate tip.—Belongs to the section Euasarum with a European and N.W. American species. . 2. BRAGANTIA, Zour. . Shrubs or undershrubs; hairs stellate. Leaves petioled, 3-5-nerved ; veins closely reticulate beneath. Flowers axillary or subradical, cymose, bracteate. Perianth shortly campanulate, equally 3-lobed, deciduous. Stamens 6-12, 1.seriate, free or connate, connective thick. Ovary elongate, : 4-celled ; style short, stigmas 3 or more linear; ovules 2-seriate. Capsule elongate, 4-gonous, septicidally 4-valved, valves separating from a pla- centiferous column. Seeds oblong, 3-gonous,. rugose or deeply pitted, mw coated with remains of the placenta.—Species 4 or 5, Malayan and n. air of basal nerves reaching far beyond the middle of the leaf. * First ? ary. Stamens 9-12. Cymes axil EN — k lanceolate ~ 13 Bragantia.] CXXIII. ARISTOLOCHIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) . . ] . 21: ix. 335; shrubby, l. B. corymbosa Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix ; J» branches leaves beneath and inflorescence finely puberulous, leaves. dia tichous oblong-ovate acuminate glabrous above, i 0. stoma discoid, erianth-tube 0, segments cordate acute, anthers 8-10, pe tre l.c chartre in DC. Prodr, xv. 1. 429. B. melastomæfolia, D “and Je Pi. Asiphonia piperiformis, Griff. l. c. 333, t. 37, and Notul. lastomefolia Asiat. t. 528; Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, vil. 338. Strakea melasto i Presl Epimel. Bot. 221. , MALacca, Griffith, Lobb, Cuming. . .. own Branches i i terete. Leaves 5-6 by 2-23 in., shining re eid divi short, base rounded. Cymes much shorter than the Ieaves ; spices pi 1-4 in/ long, ricate. Flowers din. diam. Capsule 1 foot long, torulose. See lanceolate, 3-gonous, rugose. 2. B. Wallichii, Br. in Wall. Cat. 7415; pi M prance oe leaves beneath finely pubescent or glabrate tips and in: o mall irregular tose, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous above, flowers i broadly orate. few-fld. cymes not spicate, perianth hemispheric, O° Wi. m Arn. in Ed. Duchart. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 430; Wight Ic. t. 520; ig 5. B. siliquosa, Phil. Journ. 1833, 181; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 2 k. Encycl. i. 91, Mie. Pl. Ind. Or. Hohenack. n. 64. Apama siliquosa, Lam under t. 1543. mg TU. t. 640. Trimeriza piperina, Lindl, in Bot. Heg. —AAheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 98. - DECCAN PENINSULA ; in the western forests, from the Southern Concan south wards, CEYLON ; ascending to 4000 ft. . . d. QCymes Branches angled. Leaves 5-8 by 14-2 in, base acute or rounde i4 : 4i ight. Seeds -1 in, long, rarely longer. . Flowers lin. diam. Capsule 3-4 in., straight. - in. long, 3. onous, deeply pitted. " lv puberalous Var. Srackyoangs. leaves ovate-oblong or oblong ane, hone mss. neath, flowers in cymose spikes, capsule 2} in. B. brac Miborate-oblong tomentose ar. latifolia, Duchart. 1. c.; leaves larger broader obov: neath. B. hispida, Thwaites mss. Vnd 3. B. Dalzellii, Hook. f. ; shrubby, stout, leaves Md large, ob long acuminate finely puberulous a on re Tulose, seeds i in. long 3-gonous rugose and deeply p . The Concan ? Herb. N. A. Dalzell. . ery long pods very fine species with leaves a foot long by 3 in. broad, and do uM appear to and large seeds, From the remains of the inflorescence its bran ave been Spicate. Seeds lemon-yellow. . mi . Cymes ** First pair of basal nerves not reaching the middle of the leaf. Cy Jrom the base of the stem. Stamens 6. stem . 4. B. tomentosa, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. 82; are oblong or orate Simple and leaves beneath densely tomentose, leaves C. Prodr xv. 1. 431 ; cordate, flowers in simple spikes, Duchart. in DO. n. Soe. xix. 335 ; Bennett Plant. Jav. Rar 43, t. 11; Grif. in Trans. ti Lindl. in Bot. ‘quel Fl. Ind. Bat. B. khasiana, Gri ` l. e. B ay ’ Boc. xiii. 219. €g. under t. 1543. Bragantia, n. sp., Br. in Trans. ton entosus & lati- eramium. tomentosum, Bi. Bijd. 1135. Cyclodiscus tom il. Cat. dius, Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad. 1859, 592. Aristoloch. Wall. Ca SUPET, De Silva ; Moulmein, Lobb, Parish. —Disrn1». Java. 1 i " im le, angular, em creeping below, and rooting, then ascending, 6-12 in., simp 74 CXXIII. ARISTOLOCHIACER, (J.D. Hooker) [Bragantia. geniculate, tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-4 in., smooth but opaque above, m nerved at the base and penninerved beyond. Flowers j-i in. diam. ; bracts ob ones persistent, Perianth-lobes rounded-cordate, acute. Capsule 2 in. long, straight. Seeds Y in. long, 3-gonous, rugose. Var lanuginosa ; leaves densely woolly beneath.—South Andaman Islands, Kurz. 3. THOTTEA, Rott). Shrubs, erect or straggling. Leaves broad, coriaceous, 3-5-nerved. Flowers axillary, cymose. Perianth broadly campanulate or urceolate, equally 3-lobed, deciduous. Stamens numerous, 2-seriate ; connective broad. Ovary elongate, 4-celled; style broad, stigmas 5-25, radiating; ovules 2-seriate. Capsule elongate, 4-gonous, septicidally. 4-valved, placentas usually free. Seeds oblong, 3-gonous, rugose, coated with remains of the placenta.—Species 5, Malayan. 1. T. grandiflora, Rottb. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selks. Schrift. ii. 530, t. 2; tomentose, leaves obovate-oblong oblong or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate, corolla very large campanulate. Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 325, t. 36, and in Notul.iv. 346, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 530, 531 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 9, vii. 328; Bennett Pl. Jav. Rar. i. 45; Klotzsch m Monatsb. Berl, Akad. 1859, 589; Duchart. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 428. Maracoa, Ringit (1779), Griffith, Maingay. SINGAPORE, Orley, Lobb.— DistRis. Borneo ? l Branches stout, woody, sometimes villous with spreading hairs. Leaves l-1}, ft. by 6-8 in., coriaceous, basal nerves 3-5; petiole 1-3 in., stout. Spikes 1-2 in., bracts i-j in. Perianth attaining 5 in. long and as broad, ribbed, mottled with. purple, pubescent outside, arachnoid within. Style rays 12-15.. Capsule 4-6 in.; straight or twisted, angles acute, pubescent. Seeds à in.long, 3-gonous, acute at both ends, tubercled.— The doubtful Bornean plant has a rounded leaf 1 foot by 10 in. 2. T. dependens, Klotzsch in Monatsh. Berl. Akad. 1859, 589; glabrous, leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, corolla urceolate base inflated. Duchart. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 498. Lobbia dependens Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. (1847) 144, t. 8. Piper arborescens, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 6648 B. SINGAPORE; Wallich, Lobb. ; . Branches slender, terete. Leaves 6-10 by 23-3} in., thinly coriaceous ; petiole à in. Spikes simple or cymose, quite glabrous. Flowers 1 in.long: Ovary 1-1} in» very slender. Perianth-base inflated; tube above it short, cylindric, lobes broader than long. 3. T. tricornis, Maingay mss.; branches and leaves beneath hoary: leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate acute or subacute base acute or rounded, cymes short not spicate, perianth depressed acutely J-angled in bud broadly lanceolate. Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1819). Branches stout, terete or obtusely angled, Leaves 7-9 by 3-4 in., coriaceous ; petiole } in. Cymes j-l in., branched, and perianth densely tomentose. Flowers ł in. diam., tomentose. Ovary short. Stamens 12 in 2 rows. Capsules 7-8 in. long, downy with brown pubescence, straight or twisted, not torulose. Seeds nearly 1-4 in. long, 3-gonous, tubercled.—This has more the habit of a Bragantia than à Thottea. The two genera may well be united, 4 ARISTOLOCHIA, Linz. | Shrubs or perennial herbs, often twining. Leaves entire or lobed i | Nr HP AMNEINER. Esprit Eti ~e tine i mae Aristolochia.} cxxi. aristoLocutacez. (J. D. Hooker.) 75 petiole with a dilated base, and with often the, stipule-like leaf of an unde- veloped bud in the axil. Perianth coloured, tube inflated at the base, then contracted, hairy within; limb dilated, obliquely 1-2-lipped. Anthers 6, rarely 5, or more; style very short, 3-6-lobed. Capsule septicidally 6-valved or splitting through the placentas. Seeds various, often covered with the remains of the placenta.— Species about 180, chiefly tropical. Sect. I. Diplolobus, Duchart. Column 6-lobed. Anthers 6. l. A. bracteata, Retz. Obs. v. 29; quite glabrous, stem slender decumbent, leaves reniform or broadly cordate tip obtuse or subacute margins flat or waved glaucous beneath, flowers solitary, peduncle bracteate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 490; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 3, and Cat. 2706; Gra. Cat. Bomb. Pl.178; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 224; Klotzsch in Monatsb. Berl. Akad. 1859, 598. A. bractiolata, Lamk. Encycl. i, 258 ; Klotzsch. c. A. mauritiana, Pers. Encheir. ii. 597. A. Kotschyi, Hochst. exw A. Rich Tent, Fl. Abyss. ii. 297. A. maurorum and A. abyssinica, Klotzsch l. c. (not of Linn.): . Deccan PrwiNsULA, northward to BUNDELKUND, Wallich, Edgeworth, &c. scene, Vicary. CEYLON; north of the island, Gardner.—DIsTRIB. Arabia, Trop. Tica, Root slender, perennial. Stem or branches 12-18 in., angled and striate. Leaves 1-3 in. long and broad, widely and shallowly cordate at the base; petiole 1-1} in. Peduncle short; bract usually orbicular, variable in position, sometimes basal. | Perianth 114 in., base globose, tube cylindric erect slender; lip erect, linear, as long as the tube, dark purple with revolute edges, villous with purple hairs. Fruit Pyriform, 1 in. long, many-grooved. Seeds triangular-cordate. uriform base cuneate rounded or shallowly cordate 5-nerved, flowers 13, bract opposite the base of the peduncles. orb. FU. Ind. iii. 489; Wa d Cat. 2704; Klotzsch in Monatsh. Berl. Akad. 1859, 595; Grah., Cat. Bomb. Fl 178; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 224, A. lanceolata, Wight Te. t. 1858; Klotzsch L e. A. maysorensis, Fisch. mss. A. pandurata, Wall. mss. Aris- tolochia, Gr if. Notul. iv. 348, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 529.— Rheede Hort. Mal. viii. t. 95, Throughout the low NDIA from NEPAL, Hamilton, and lower BEN- the ( Clarke, to CarrzaGoxo, J. D. "s T. T. ; and the DECCAN PENINSULA, from the Concan southward. CEYLON common up to 3000 ft. . bl in them woody below, branches slender. Leaves membranous, excessively variable, the ie arrowest forms 4 by 4-3 in. in the broadest 4-5 by 3 in., broadest part at ipic tse or middle or above the middle, abruptly or gradually obtusely acuminate or stra iate, often oblong and quite obtuse; petiole j-3 in., very slender. Perian i shara greenish, base globose, tube shortly funnel-shaped, mouth oblique trumpe - aaa gradually passing into the short oblong obtuse glabrous brownish lip. a ap- tud 1-2 in. long, oblong, grooved. Seeds flat, triangular, winged.— Wight's A. /an- fotata occurs both in the Peninsula and Ceylon. 9. A. Roxburghiana, Klotzsch in Monatsh. Berl. Akad. 1859, 596 ; Fk glabrous, shrubby. twining, leaves large cordate .upper often narrow rubsagittately lanceolate lower or all ovate or broadly ovate-oblong pedately 7-nerved, upper with the 2 principal nerves produced far beyond the middle, lower with all the nerves spreading, flowers in racemose uberulous Cymes, lip of perianth villous. Duchart. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 480. A. aod. minata, Roch. E]. Ind. iii, 489 (not of Lamarck); Wall. Cat. 2705; Wig 76 CXXIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aristolochia. Ic. t.771; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. i. 1086; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.178; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. F1. 994. A. acuminata, Duchart. l. c. Eastern HIMALAYA; from Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., to Mishmi, Griffith. AssAM, SILHET, CHITTAGONG, &c., south to PENANG, Wallich, &e. DECCAN PENIN- SULA; on the Ghats from the Concan southward. CEYLON, Garduer.— DISTRIB. Java, Borneo. . A stout lofty climber. Leaves 4-8 in.; upper 2-3 in. broad, lower 3-5; broadest at the cordate base, sinus deep or shallow, basal lobes sometimes incurved. Cymes 1-3 in., lax-fld.; peduncle and pedicels slender; bracts small, oblong. Perianth 2-24 in. long, pale green; base globose, tube curved, mouth oblique with recurved margins; lip linear, straight, obtuse, villous, as long as the tube. Capsule very variable, globosely pyriform or oblong, with the long stipes 1-23 in. long, mem- branous. Seeds most variable, obtusely triangular in the smaller capsules, 4-3 in. broad, with narrow wings and one face studded with tubercles; in larger capsules the seeds are larger and more broadly winged and lip tubercled ; in the largest capsules the seeds are 4 in. diam., with very broad wings, and a thin disk quite smooth or sparsely. tubercled on one face.— The variations in the leaves of this plant are remark- able, but not so much so as are those of the capsule and seeds. I long thought that these indicated at least two species. 4, A. atropurpurea, Parish mss.; slender, herbaceous, stem straggling and petiole and cymes pubescent, leaves ovate-lanceolate acumi- nate base cordate, cymes few-fld. subsessile, lip of perianth glabrous, capsule 3 in. . TENASSERIM ; on limestone rocks at Moulmein, Parish. Rootstock woody; stem 1-2 ft., pendulous, zigzag, angular and grooved. Leaves purple, 5-7 by 24-5 in., membranous; 5 basal nerves diverging, slender ; petiole 2-3 in. Cymes very short. Perianth 1-1} in., very like in form P. Rox-- burghii, base globose, tube funnel-shaped, mouth oblique passing into the straight obtuse glabrous lip with recurved edges. Capsules globose, shortly stipitate. Sect. II. Siphisia, Duchart.. Column 3-lobed. Anthers 6.—(Lofty climbers; stem in all woody below; branches twining. Leaves large. Flowers axillary or chiefly in villous cymes on the old wood. Perianth sharply bent back upon itself, lower half on obovoid sac, upper trumpet- or cup-shaped, as long.) 5. A. platanifolia, Duchart. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 497 ; branches glabrous or pubescent, leaves very broad deeply digitately 3-lobed gla- brous or tomentose beneath lobes pinnatifidly lobulate, flowers axillary and solitary also in villous cymes on the old wood, perianth tomentose or vil- lous, mouth obtusely 6-angled lips recurved villous with purple papillose airs. Eastern Himaraya; Mishmi Mts, Grifith; Sikkim and E. Nepal, alt. 3-6000 ft., J. D. H., &c. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. . A stout lofty climber ; old wood with corky rugged fissured bark. Leaves a foot long and as broad or broader, cleft to near the base with a rounded sinus, glabrous and shining above, glaucous glabrous pubescent tomentose or woolly beneath, base rounded-cuneate or cordate, lobes very variable, lobules few acute or acuminate ; petiole 2-3 in. often stout and twining. Cymes shortly peduucled; pedicels. 1-1} in. Perianth yellowish with purple veins externally, sac 1} in. long, tube as long golden yellow within, mouth 1 in. diam. Capsule 4-6 by 1-14 in. diam., linear-oblong with 6 ribs divided by deep furrows. 6. A. saccata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 2, t. 103, and Cat. 2707; branches tomentose or glabrate, leaves ovate- or linear-oblong or linear- lanceolate acuminate base deeply cordate glabrous or puberulous above Aristolochia.] cxxi. ARmTOLOCHIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 77 beneath pubescent silky or densely tomentose rarely nearly glabrous and glaucous, cymes villous with long hairs, mouth of perianth nearly circular with a narrow reflexed purple papillose border. Duchart. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, ii. t. 5, 6, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 436; Bot. Mag. 1.3640. Siphisia saccata, Klotzsch in Monatsh. Berl. Akad. 1859, 603. EASTERN and CENTRAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich ; Sikkim, J. D. H.; Bhotan, Griffith. ASSAM, Griffith. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 1-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. SILHET, ruce, Habit and stature of 4. platanifolia, of which Duchartre suggests it may be a form, but no intermediates have occurred. Leaves very variable in size and pubes- cence, largest 12 by 6 in., longest 16 by 4 in., narrowest (var. angttstifolia, Duchart. l. e.) 12-by 23 in., cordate base deep or shallow, petiole 1-2in. Cymes and perianth much more villous than 4A. platanifolia. . . Var.? dilatata, lips of perianth greatly dilated 1-2 in. diam.—-Kumaon, Blink- worth (Wall. Cat. 2707 B); alt. 7-8000 ft., Strachey 5° Winterbottom. . 7. À. Cathcartii, Hook. f.; branches petioles and leaves beneath densely silkily villous, leaves rounded-cordate acute or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, cymes and perianth densely villous with _very long spreading hairs, perianth bearded with long hairs, mouth very wide square with very road recurved lips fringed with long purple papillose hairs. A. saccata. "ar. villosa, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f.& T. SIKKIM HIMALAYA and KHAsIA Mrs.?, alt. 2-3000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Habit of 4 saccata, but leaves shorter broader with dense silky shaggy wool beneath, anda very different perianth, the tube of which is far more dilated, with a much broader square mouth. Capsule as in A. saccata.—A fine drawing of this, made by Mr. Cathcart’s artists, represents so different a plant from A. saccata, that it can hardly bea variety. . 8. A. Griffithii, Hook. f. & T; in Herb. Ind. Or.; Duchart. in DC. Prodr, xy. ]. 437; branches glabrous with villous tips, leaves broadly ovate- or orbicular-cordate acute densely tomentose beneath, flowers axillary, penanth densely pubescent, tube above the sac abruptly dilated into a emispheric cup 3-4 in. diam. with erect margins. Aristolochia, Griff. Notul. iv. 190, No. 1015, J. BASTERN HIMALAYA; Bhotan, alt. 8000 ft, Griffith ;. Sikkim, Atallclimber. Zea in. long and often as broad, woolly but not shaggy eneath ; petiole 24 dm apparently all solitary and axillary (extra-axillary, Griffith) ; peduncle villous, 2-3 in:, with one or two leafy bracts. Perianth ane formly closely pubescent ; sac ribbed and veined ; linib or cup “ ochreous yellow with radiating lines of clavate red warts, throat blood-red; tube yellow and spotted red within,” Griffith. Capsules 7 inches long, shortly stipitate, twisted at the base, with 6 Strong ribs and as many deep furrows. Seeds orbicular, convex on one face, roncave with a median ridge on the other.—A remarkable species. The extracts translated from Griffith's Notule must be accepted cautiously, the Latin not being very intelligible. alt. 7-9000 ft., DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. ARISTOLOCATA SPECIES.— Western Himalaya ; Chamba, alt. S000. m pere slender climber, branches puberulous, leaves shortly petioled, " y "EM membranous lanceolate finely acuminate from a truncate or broadly corda e M , "ws nerves short. This flowerless plant referred to Aristolochia doubtful y by M arke, and I should think correctly, is far-beyond the:geographic range of any othe 1an species, p i THWATTESIT, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4918; and under 5295, was erroneously sup- to be a Ceylon species. Its native country is unknown. 78 CXXIV. PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Piper. OrpER CXXIV. PIPERACEIJE. Herbs or shrubs, rarely subarboreous, aromatic. Leaves alternate oppo- site or whorled, often pellucid-dotted, entire; stipules 0 or 2 connate, or adnate to the petiole. Flowers minute, 1-2-sexual, in axillary or terminal catkin-like spikes subtended by a peltate bract. Perianth 0. Stamens 2-6, rarely 7-8, hypogynous; anthers often jointed on the filaments, burst- ing longitudinally, or with the cells confluent. Ovary 1-celled, or of 3 or more carpels free or connate below; stigmas sessile, simple or penicillate. Ovules lor more, orthotropous. Fruit small, of the 1-celled genera inde- hiscent, of the pluri-carpellar forming cocci or follicles. Seeds globose ovoid or oblong; testa thin, albumen copious floury ; embryo minute, enclosed in a sac, radicle superior.-—Genera 8, species enumerated about 1000 (probably exaggerated), chiefly Tropical American. Tribe I. Saurureæ. Ovary of 3-4 free or connate carpels. Stamens 3-6. Ovary l-celled . ... . . . . . . . . . 1. HOUTTUYNIA: Tribe IT... Piperese. Ovary 1-celled. Anther-cells distinct. Fruit not minute, stigmas 3—5 confluent . 2. PIPER. Anther-cells confluent. Fruit minute, stigma usually penicillate 3. PEPEROMIA. l HOUTTUYNIA, Thunb. Perennial herbs? . Leaves alternate, usually cordate; stipules broad, membranous. Spikes terminal and leaf-opposed, peduncled, involucrate ; involucre of 4-6 white petaloid bracts. F lowers minute. Perianth 0. Stamens 3-6; filaments below adnate to the ovary; anthers oblong. Ovary of 3—4 partially connate l-celled carpels; styles free, erect, stigmatose on the inner surface; ovules many, on parietal placentas. Fruit subglo- " bose, bursting between the styles. Seeds globose, testa membranous.— Species 2 or 3; Eastern Asiatic and Californian. H. cordata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 934, t. 26; leaves cauline cordate, bracteoles minute. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 238; Poir. Encycl. ii. t. 739 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2731; Schnizl. Icon. t. 82; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. & Carey; i. 360. Polypara cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Coch. i. 78. TROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft. Assam and KnasrA Mrs., Griffith, &c. Distr1B.—Siam, China, Japan. Rootstock creeping ; stem 1-3 ft., herbaceous, erect, leafy, subsimple, angular, pubescent at the nodes. Leaves 14-2} in. long and broad, very broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, 5-nerved, abruptly narrowed into the petiole, glabrous or nerves. pubes- cent beneath, gland-dotted; petiole 1-2 in., base sheathing ; stipules long, linear- oblong, obtuse. Bracts 4-3 in., rounded or oblong. Spike } in., elongating in fruit to 1-2 in., dense-fld. Stamens 3. . 2. PIPER, Linn. Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees, with swollen nodes, often glandular and aromatic. Leaves entire, often unequal-sided ; stipules various. Flowers very minute, dioecious, very rarely 2-sexual, spiked, each in the axil of a bract with or without lateral bracteoles ; bracts peltate, or cupular and adnate to the rachis, sometimes decurrent on the Ewa with or. without raised maf- gins; bracteoles if present forming low ridges on each side of the flowers Piper.] CXXIV. PIPERACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 79 or connate in a semilunar form, Perianth 0. Stamens 1-4, rarely more, filaments short; anthers 2-celled, cells often confluent by dehiscence. Ovary l-celled ; style conic beaked or 0, stigmas 2-5; ovule solitary, erect. Berry ovoid or globose. Seed usually globose, testa thin, albumen hard.— Species described about 500 (probably greatly exaggerated), all tropical or subtropical. A most difficult genus, Herbarium materials for the analysis of. which have never been intelligently collected, whilst the descriptions of the published species are quite Inadequate for their accurate determination. Wallich’s Herbarium, and the diag- hoses in Vahl's * Enumeratio " and in Roxburgh’s “ Flora Indica” form the basis of the works of the only two authors who have attempted the revision of the Indian species, namely Miquel and Casimir De Candolle. Of these Wallich’s specimens are so mixed that in some cases three or four species are included under one name and number, and even on one sheet; whilst of Vahl’s diagnoses not one is sufficient to identify the plant he means, and of Roxburgh’s only one or two species are recognizable. Wal- lich, it is true, often attaches to his specimens names given by Roxburgh, but these are rarely the names that are taken up in the “Flora Indica ;” or if they are, they do not apply to the plants described in that work. The only considerable collections of Indian Piperacee made since Wallich’s were distributed, are Wight's Peninsular, Griffith's Transgangetic Indian, and Thomson's and my own from Sikkim, Bengal, the ‘Khasia Mts., &c. Wight- published good figures of several, but confined himself to such -as were named by Miquel and to the reproduction of a few of Roxburgh’s un- Published Icones, procured from the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, Griffith’s specimens were hurriedly collected, with no attempt to match the sexes, or the flowering with the fruiting specimens, for doing which his rapid journeys precluded the possibility. . Unfortunately the Ceylon peppers were not thoroughly studied by either Gardner or Thwaites, the only two botanists who had opportunities for so doing previous*o Dr. Trimen’s incumbency of the Botanical Gardens, -and who will doubtless elucidate them. In the process of attempting (with little success, I fear) to discriminate the ndian species for this work, and to unravel their intricate synonymy, I have been much impressed by the correctness of Miquel’s views as to the ordination ‘of the Species, and the skill with which he has grouped them. When he undertook to Monograph the Order, the materials were very bad, were in a chaotic state of con- fusion, and were so scattered in the British and Continental herbaria, that he could Ug no two large collections under his eye at one time. Yet he traced the out- lines of a good system, gave characters to a large proportion of well-defined species, and founded genera, which though now reduced to sections of one genus are for the Most part natural groups. In the discrimination and elucidation of species he was hasty by far. For the rest I must leave the further study of the Order to local botanists in the -four great centres of its Indian distribution, namely its trans- gangetic provinces, the South Deccan, the Malayan Peninsuld, and Ceylon; in each of which the species should be examined on the spot, with a view to matching 9 sexes, and flowering with fruiting specimens, and to observing the transition rom young to old foliage, and the effects of locality and climate on the characters of each species, s Sect. I. Muldera. Spikes solitary. Flowers dicecious, the males Sunk in a fleshy stipitate or sessile receptacle formed of the greatly enlarged ract (and bracteoles?). Berries sessile; stigmas sessile——The female Plants of this section are imperfectly known, and may possibly be confounded with others, l * Receptacle of male fl. stipitate. l.P. Schizonephros, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 241 ; quite glabrous, leaves coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate 3-nerved at the very base, male Spikes hoary, receptacles distant stipitate not recurved about 8- androus, Schizonephros glaucescens, Griff. Notul. iv. 383. 80 CXXIV. PIPERACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Piper. MALACOA ; at Ching, Griffith. . Branches "very slender, e. stiff; nodes much thickened. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., base unequal ; petiole stout, }-}in. Spikes 6-7 in., very slender ; receptacles reniform, about 4, in. diam., tomentose within.—Cas. DC. unites with this a Javan plant in fruit which is named by Junghuhu P. Cubeba, possibly rightly ; but the leaves are more narrowed at. the tip and the spike is not hoary. I have altered the misprint * Schizonephos" to **-nephros," as in Griffith's mss., the derivation from veppds a kidney being obvious. 2. P. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate 5-7-nerved quite glabrous, male spikes finely tomen- tose, receptacles stipitate not recurved 3—5-androus. SINGAPORE and MALACCA, Maingay. i Branches stout. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in., nerves prominent on both surfaces, nervules obsolete; petiole 1-3 in. Spikes 1-2 in.; peduncle short. Receptacles of male peltate, Jj in. diam.; of female minute, cupular. Berry about j in. diam.— The leaf is like P. firmum, but the pubescent spikes very different. 3. P. galeatum, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 242 ; quite glabrous, leaves thinly coriaceous elliptic-ovate or lanceolate finely acuminate 3-nerved from the very base, male spikes slender, receptacles distant stipitate recurved diandrous. Muldera galeata (in part), Miquel in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 557. M. Wightiana, Wight Ic. t. 1949, right-hand figure only ; Miquel l. c. . TRAVANCORE ; at Courtallam, Wight. Branches slender, nodes thickened. Leaves 3-5 by 11-2. in., nervules distinct beneath; petiole 1-3 in. Male spike 6-10 in., quite glabrous; receptacles obliquely kidney-shaped, recurved, longer than the stipés, mouth very small.— Miquel describes female flowers, but I find none in Wight’s Herbarium. Some authentically-nam specimens in Arnott's Herbarium ticketed M. Wightiana-are identical with galeata, ** Receptacle of male spikes sessile or unknown. 4. P. trichostachyon, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1.242; glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate moderately coriaceous with 3 basal nerves and 2 subopposite from the midrib above them, spike stout hoary: . male receptacles sessile globose diandrous. Muldera trichostachya, Mique in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 556; Wight Ic. t. 1944. - Deccan PENISSULA; The Concan and Canara, Stocks, &c.; Kandella, Dalzell. NiLGHERRY and SHEVAGHERRY HILLS, Wight. . Stem stout, woody; branches stout or slender. Leaves 5-6 by 1-2 in., 2ud pait of nerves often stronger than the first, nervules slender. Spikes stout, 3-4 in. Re- ceptacles tomentose at the mouth, Fruit globose, } in. diam. 9. P. pachyphyllum, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves shortly petioled very thickly coriaceous oblong or orbicular-obovate or elliptic acute OT acuminate, nerves broad faint 2-3 pairs basal and one higher up, all lost above in the thick texture of the leaf, fruiting spike very stout, sunk in the fleshy rachis. Matacoa, Griffith. Leaves 4-6 by 2-4 in., probably fleshy, pale yellowish when dry, nerves obscure ; petiole }-} in., very stout. Fruiting spike 2} in. ; peduncle much longer than the petiole, very stout; rachis glabrous, bract and bracteoles forming a ring round base of the smooth globose fruit.—I place this in Muldera from its resemblance t0 P. Maingayi in foliage, but which has a very different fruiting-spike. I have see? no male or female flowers, . Piper.] CXXIV. PIPERACEEK. (J. D. Hooker.) 81 Sect. II. Cubeba. Spikes solitary ; flowers dioscious ; bracts of female spikes peltate. Fruit contracted at the base into a pedicel, * Quite glabrous (see also P. caninum var. glabra). „ô. P. ribesioides, Wall. Pl As. Rar. i. 79, t. 9, and Cat. 6637; quite glabrous, very robust, leaves 8-12 in. very coriaceous linear- or ovate- oblong acuminate base deeply cordate 5-9-nerved at the very base 3-nerved higher up, petiole 1-2 in., fruiting spike short stout, pedicel glabrous as long as the globose apiculate fruit. Cas. DC. in Prodr. 942. Cubeba Wallichii, Mig. Syst. Pip. 289, and Ill. Pip. 47, t. 46, 47. TENASSERIM, Helfer, Falconer, PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich, Maingay, BURMA; at Chappedong, Wallich. ` _A very stout climber; branches pale, as thick as a goose-quill, deeply furrowed when dry. Leaves variable, sometimes 5 in. broad, basal sinus 1-1} in. deep, lobes rounded equal or not; nerves very strong’ beneath, nervules slender ; petiole very stout ; young leaves small, lanceolate, subsagittately cordate. Spikes 1-3 in.; bracts "rk aitriaceous, rachis of spike stout rigid; bracteoles together semilunar, Fruit In, diam, . 7. P. sumatranum, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 343; quite glabrous, very robust, leaves 8-19 in. very coriaceous oblong or linear-oblong acumi- nate 5-7-nerved at the very shortly cordate base and 3-nerved higher up, petiole 1-13 in., fruiting spike 2-3 in. very stout, pedicel glabrous as long a8 the globose apiculate fruit is broad. Cubeba sumatrana, Mig. Comm. Phyt. 42, t. 5a; Syst. Pip. 290, and in Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 448, and Suppl. 186. P. pedicellosum, Wall. Cat. 6646 B ?. TENASSERIM and ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Helfer. PzNANG, Wallich, SINGAPORE, qwgay.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. . Very closely allied to P. ribesioides, and perhaps only a state of that plant, which the fruit entirely resembles, but the leaves are narrower, more contracted at the base, with a very small short sinus. The male flowers are unknown in both. Possibly they are both large forms of P: Cubeba, L. fil. ` 8. P. pedicellosum, Wall. Cat. 6646 A; quite glabrous, robust, leaves 2-4 in. very coriaceous elliptic or ovate-cordate obtuse 5-7-nerved pear the base, petiole 44 in., fruiting spikes 1-1} in. very stout, pedicel race as long as the subovoid obtuse fruit. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 343. ubeba Neesii, Mig. Syst. Pip. 292, and Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. 2. 449. SINGAPORE, Wallich . is resembles "P. Cubeba, Linn. f, but has hoary pedicels of the fruit. The Smaller leaves, short petiole, and fruit, distinguish it from P, ribesioides & sumatranum, , l 9. P. Griffithii, Cas. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1866, 163, and in Prod», xvi. 1. 343; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves thinly coria- fous ovate or elliptic 3-5-nerved at the base and 3-nerved higher up, fruit’ Spikes 6-8 in., pedicels slender longer than the very small globose Assam, Masters Gri, 3 y riffith. i rounded 57 terete or oi eurely furrowed when dry. Leaves 4-6 Pn p? pate i ed or subacute; nerves very slender, nervales faint; petiole ł-} in. enale yikes slender; bracts obscure in fruit, cup-shaped, adnate to the glabrous rachis, racteoles short, Fruits numerous, globose, 4 in. diam. a Us ^ S. . 82 CXXIV. PIPERACE®. (J.D. Hooker.) [ Piper. "10. P. caninum, Blume in Verh. Batav. Genoots. xi. 214, f. 26, and Enum. Pl. Jav. fasc, 1. 72; hirsute pubescent or glabrate, branches slender terete, leaves petioled membranous ovate ovate-cordate or -lanceolate acuminate rarely elliptic-lanceolate 3-5-nerved towards the base, male spikes slender, fruiting slender, fruit very small, pedicel sometimes vety short. Cas. DC. in Proar. xvi. 1. 341. P. Cubeba, Vahl Enum. i. 332; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 159; Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 161; Wall. Cat. 6645; Nees Plant. Med. t.°22. Cubeba canina, Mig. Comm. Phyt. 33, t. 3;- Syst. Pip. 293, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 449, and in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. fase. v. 137. TENASSERIM (or Andaman Islands ?), Helfer. Maracca, Griffith, Maingay. PenanG, Wallich.—DisTRiB. Malay Islands. A rambling climber, more or less hirsute with flaccid hairs, rarely quite glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 1}-2 in., usually broadest at the base which is rarely unequal-sided, nerves slender ; petiole 1-1 in., slender. Male spikes 2-3 in.; bracts adnate by a broad base, stamens 2, anther-cells distinct. Fruiting spike 4-1} in. ; peduncle slender; bracts peltate, villous. Fruit 2 in. diam., pedicel variable in lengtb, always shorter than the fruit. | P. caninum proper; branches glabrate, except the younger, leaves glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath. Var. glabra; leaves quite glabrous, — Tenasserim (or Andaman Islands), Helfer. Var. lanceolata; leaves elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate very sparsely hairy beneath, pedicel of fruit very short. P. Lonchites, Wall. Cat. 6644 B, in part (the centre plant of the four on the sheet). Penang, Wallich.—Wallich tickets this P. lanceolatum, Rowxb., but Roxburgh’s plant of that name is, I think, clearly P. miniatum. ` Var. angustifolia, Miq. mss.; leaves smaller linear-lanceolate 2-24 by 4-3 in. nearly glabrous.— Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1333/4).—' This appears the same as Zollinger’s No. 698 f. from Java, named Cubeba canina, var. angustifolia, Miq. Mant. Pip. Var. lanata ; branches and leaves beneath hirsute. P. lanatum, Roxb, Fl. Ind, i. 159; Ed. Carey § Wall. i. 161; Wall. Cat. 6647 ; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1s 341. P. Lonchites, Wall. Cat. 6644 A, in part. P. Cubeba, Wall. Cat. 6645 (not of Linn. f.. P. javanicum, Cas. DC. l.c. 343. Cubeba lanata, Mig. Syst. Pip. 298, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2.450. C. Lowong var. quintuplinervis, Miq. l. c. 298.— Penang, Wallich. Var. ? Thwaitesii ; branches glabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath, fruiting spikes nearly glabrous, fruit very shortly pedicelled. P. arcuatum, Thwaites Enum. 293, in part (not of Blume). P. arborescens, Thwaites l. c. (not of Rozb.). P. Thwaitesii, Cas. DC. lL. c. 357. P.bantamense, Cas. DC. l. c. 362 (the Ceylon plant only).—Ceylon, Thwaites (C. P. 85 in part, and 2178). 11. P. muricatum, Blume in Verh. Batav. Nat. Genoots. xi. 219, f. 1, and Enum. Pl. Jav. fase. i. 68; branches stout hirsute or glabrate, leaves large membranous elliptic or elliptic-oblong acuminate 7-9-nerved sparsely hairy above tomentose beneath, female spike 5-6 in. stoutly pedicelle tomentose, rachis stout, bracts peltate, fruit sessile and pedicelled. Miquel Syst. Pip. 326 ; Ill. Pip. 55, t. 55, in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot, iv. 438, aud Fi. Ind. Bat. i. 2, 2454; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xv. 1.341. P. birmanicum B. macrostachyum, Cus. DO. l. c. 338. pop Griffith.—DisrTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, tem evidently stout and soft; branches as thick as a goose-quill, roughly hairy: Leaves 6-9 by 31-6 in., base rounded or subcordate rarely E bacuie, equal or equal petiole 4-3 in. Spike 1-2-sexual, erect or drooping ; peduncle 4 in.; bracts labrous above, subsessile, orbicular. Fruit unripe on thick pedicels, many imperfect, ce: spedire “ Seed, subglobose,” Miquel.—The leaves are most variable Piper.] | CXXIV. PIPERACEA, (J. D. Hooker.) 83 Var. glabrata 3. branches glabrous below, above hispid, as are the petioles peduncles and leaf-nerves beneath. —Mishmi Hills in Upper Assam, Griffith. Sect. III. €havica. Spikes solitary; flowers dicecious, Bracts orbi- anlat, peltate. Fruit very small, in dense cylindric rarely globose spikes, sessile. * Fruiting spikes much longer than broad. Stigma sessile. + Leaves quite glabrous (see also 23. Hapnium) sometimes slightly pubescent in P. sylvaticum. 12. P. longum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 29; glabrous, branches soft angular and grooved when dry, lower leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate upper nar- rower oblong-cordate sessile amplexicaul, fruiting spikes short suberect. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 355; Vahl Enum. i. 334; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 156, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 156; Gra. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 199; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 84; Wall. Cat. 6640; Nees Med. Bot. t. 23; Woodv. Med. Bot. iv. t. 247; Bentl & Trim. Med. Pl. iii. t. 244. P. sarmentosum, Wail. Cat. 6641. P. latifolium, Hunter in As. Research. ix. 390. Chavica Rox- burghii, Mig. Syst. Pip. 239, Ill. Pip. 35, t. 30, and FU. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 440; Hayne Arnz. Gewachs. xiv. t. 20; Wight Ir. t. 1928. C. sarmentosa, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 433, v. 531 (not of Syst. Pip.?).—Rheede . Hort. Mal. vii. 27, t. 14. Hotter provinces of India, from East NEPAL to AssaM, the Knasta Mrs. and BENGAL, westward to BOMBAY, and southward to TRAVANCORE, CEYLON and 4L4CCA, wild or cultivated.— DISTRIB. Malay Islands. . . Stems creeping below ; ** young shoots downy, branches prostrate or creeping with broad leaves, flowering shoots erect," Rowb. Lower leaves 2-3 in., often rounded- ovate, acuminate, 7-nerved, sinus rounded but narrow, basal lobes equal; petiole -Ə M. upper leaves much narrower, with often unequal basal lobes. Made spikes 1-3 in. ; female 1-3 in. Fruit about jj in. diam.— The Malabar plant referred to , Sarmentosum by Miquel (Lond. Journ. Bot. l. c.), and a Malacca one so named by ™, seem to me undistinguishable from P. longum, and I doubt sarmentosum being a distinct species. Of the Mergui P. sarmentosum (Fl. Ind. Bat.) I have seen no Specimens, Wallich's P. sarmentosum (No. 6641) has broader upper leaves, and is ee the true plant. He is the authority for referring Hunter's P. latifolium 13. P. peepuloides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 159, and Ed. Carey § Wall. i. 158 ; glabrous, branches slender rigid terete often warted, leaves membra- nous shortly petioled very uniform oblong linear- or ovate-oblong caudate- acuminate, base rounded 3-5-nerved nearly to the tip, fruit minute. Wal. Cat. 6650 A. p. 'braehystachyum, Wall. Cat. 6656, in part. Chavica Peepuloides, Miq. Syst. Pip. 237; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 389, C. feslana, Mig, 7. c, 949, TRoprcan Him . fepal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith. "ol Py the KHASEA s, pond. ascending to 3000 ft. CHITTAGONG, : d T. T. A slender bush, climbi ith free spreading slender branches. Leaves 2- by 1-2 in., variable i aenn ita fre narrowed to a minutely cordate base ; . petiole of upper leaves $-+4 in., of lower rarely } in. Male spikes slender, 2-3 in, Clothed with peltate bracts; stamens 2-4; female 4-3 in., cylindric, longer than their l "a oim Fruit |, in. diam.—The branches are frequently warted as in P. brachy- “yum, to which this is most closely allied. uM P. Chaba, Hunter in As. Research. ix. 391 (n S'abrous, stem stout climbing and rooting, leaves very s ASSAM, ot of Blume); quite hort-petioled rather G2. 84 CXXIV. PIPERACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Piper. coriaceous oblong-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate 3-5-nerved at the very obliquely cordate auricled base penninerved above it, fruiting spike stoutly peduncled suberect conico-cylindric. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 156, and Ed. Carey & Wall.i.158. P. maritimum, Blume Herb. Lugd. Bat. P. longum, Blume Verh. Bat. Genoots. ix. 197, and Enum. Pl. Jav. i. 70 (excl. various syn.). P. callosum, Opiz in Relig. Henk. ii. 152. P. officinarum, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 356. P. Arnottianum, Cas. DC. l. c. excl. syn. P. glabrum, Roxb. Ic. pict. ined. P. peepuloides, Wall. Cat. 6650 E, F. Chavica offici- narum, Mig. Syst. Pip. 256, Ill. Pip. 39, t. 34, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 444; Hayne Arnz. Gewachs. xiv. t. 21. C. maritima, Mig. Syst. 262. C. peepu- loides, Wight Ic. t. 1927 (not of Roxb.).—Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. 333, t. 116, f. 1. Cultivated in various parts of INDIA and the Malay Islands. : Branches flexuous, terete, hard, finely striate when dry, pale. Leaves 5-7 by 24-8} in. rather shining above, pale when dry, base very variable, nerves 3-6 pair above the 3-5 basal; nervules arching; petiole 1-4 in. Fruiting spikes 1-2 in. long, 4 in. diam., broadest at the base, obtuse, forming a fleshy cone of innumerable fruits 1 in. diam.— The alternate nerves of the main portion of the leaf, all starting from the midrib, are very characteristic of this species. I have seen no certain male fl. Rumph's figure, quoted by Hunter, is very characteristic of the venation above the base, but it omits the basal nerves, 15. P. sylvaticum, Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 156, and Ed. Carey § Wall. i. 158; glabrous, stem flaccid creeping angular and furrowed when dry, leaves membranous long-petioled broadly ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate 5-7- nerved from the base or the inner pair higher inserted, upper leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate shorter petioled, male spikes 2-3 in. slender, fruiting ` female short erect 3-1} in., fruit free. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 999; Wall. Cat. 6653 A, B. PP. Betle, Wall. Cat. 6652 C. P. Malamir, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 6642 A (not of Rozb.. Chavica sylvatica, M4. Syst. Pip. 248; Wight Ic. t. 1930.—Chavica, No. 19, Herb. Ind. Hook. f. & T. Upper and lower AssAM, Masters, Griffith, &c. Jheels of Bxxaar, J. D. H. § T. T. (? NEPAL) and Ava, Wallich. "TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith. : A low creeping species; stems succulent, several feet long, contracting much i drying; branches short, erect, or ascending, flexuous. Leaves rarely puberulous 0D the nerves beneath, lower 3 by 2}-3 in., nerves slender ; upper as long but narrower; petiole of lower 2—4 in. Spikes shortly peduncled; males as in P. peepuloides, but bracts larger; stamens generally 4 (Roxburgh, I find 2); anthers reniform, cells confluent, dehiscing over the crown, female always erect. Fruit -4 in. diam.— very distinct species, something like P. attenuatum with more the habit of P. longum; it is'probably not uncommon in marshy districts. It may be Roxburgh's P. Mala- miris, as Wallich’s ticket says; but the original of P. Malamiris of Linnæus (SP. Pl. Ed. i. p. 29) consists of a mixture of plants, for which he cites the Flora Zeylanic* Plukenet, and the Amalago of Rheede, giving as the native country both the East and West Indies, . 16. P. petiolatum, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches stout, leaves large long-petioled thinly coriaceous rounded-ovate acuminate 7-netY nervules arching, fruiting peduncle very short spike short cylindric. Chavie@ petiolata, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 889 (excl. the Khasian plant). UPPER Assam; Mishmi Hills, Griffith. $ There are only 2 specimens, both in fruit ; each consists of a stout branch om long and with 4 leaves, each 6 by 34-5 in. with rounded bases, opaque above Wi the nerves obscure, the latter strong beneath, connected by the arching venules fruiting spike 1-14 in.; fruit globose, 3 in. diam., yellow, ` Piper.] CXXIV. PIPERACER, (J. D. Hooker.) 85 17. P. Betle, Linn. Sp. Pl. 28; quite glabrous, or with the petioles puberulous, stem and branches stout climbing compressed when dry, leaves large coriaceous petioled obliquely ovate-oblong or rounded ovate-cordate 5-7-nerved, base often unequal, petiole 4-14 in., male spikes 3-6 in., female long-peduncled, fruiting stout 1-5 in. pendulous. Hunter in As. Res. ix. 390; Vahl Enum. i. 398; Rowb. Fl. Ind. i. 158, and Ed. Carey & Wail. i. 166; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 89; Wall. Cat. 6652 A; Bot. Mag. t. 3182; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 359; Burm. Fl. Ind. 14, and Fl. Zeyl. t. 82, f£. 2. P. Siriboa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 29; Hunter l. c. 391; Vahl l. c. 332. P. Betle var. Siriboa, Cas. DC. 1. c. P. peepuloides, Wall. Cat. 6650 C. P. Chavya, Ham.; Cas. DC. l.c. Chavica Betle, Mig. Syst. Pip. 224, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 439; Wight Ic. t. 9996. C. Siriboa, Mig. l. c. 228, in - Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 433, and in Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 438; Thwaites Enum. 999. ©. Chuvya, Mig. Syst. Pip. 267, and Ill. Pip, 42, t. 39.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. 29, t. 15. Cultivated in the. hotter and damper parts of INDIA and CEYLON, and im the Malay Islands. . . Apparently a larger and stouter plant than the other species of this section, with more coriaceous usually broadly ovate leaves, sometimes 4-5 in. diam. ; spikes longer and longer-peduncled; fruit 4-3 in diam., very fleshy and often confluent into a cylindric fleshy red mass. P. Chuvya and Siriboa are, I suppose, large-leaved cultivated forms; the latter is described as having pubescent young leaves, which I do not ob- Serve, though the petioles are sometimes, but not always, puberulous. 18. P. miniatum, Blume in Verh. Bat. Genoots. xi. 166, and Enum. Pl. Jav. fasc. i. 65; quite glabrous, branches rigid terete, nodes much swollen, leaves very shortly petioled large coriaceous elliptic-oblong or -lan- ceolate caudate-acuminate 5-nerved from the very base, spikes very long erect most dense-fld., fruit very minute. Cas. DO. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 354. ; auriculatum, Blume 1l.c. 171 and 66. P. glandulosum, Opiz in Pres! Rel. Henk.158, P. arborescens, Wall. Cat. 6648 A. P. lanceolatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 159. P. Lonchites, Wall. Cat. 6644 A, the two upper specimens only. P.'moluccanum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i.119. Chavica miniata, wees g chya & ? lanceolata, Mig. Syst. Pip. 234 and 236, IU. Pip. 32, 33, t. 28; 29, and FU. Ind. Bat. i. 9. 440, PC. lanceolata, Mig. Syst. Pip. 264, an Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 445. Cubeba macrostachya, Mig. Comm. Phyt. 38. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 1327), SINGAPORE, Lobb. PENANG, Wallich. —Disrriz, Java, Banda, Philippines. 14-3} in , "Branches as thick asa crow-quill, very hard and smooth. Leaves 3-7 by 1}-3} i " ngid, shining above, base nearly equal, nerves stout, nervules transverse ; petiole s-iin. Spikes most dense-fld. of any Indian species; fruiting 4-3 in. diam., taper ing from the base ; bracts minute, peltate, hairy; stamens 3. Fruit ay in. ellipsoid ; stigmas 3.— Miquel describes a Sumatran variety with hairy shoots and nerves beneath. His C. lanceolata is a very doubtful plant. 19. P. bæhmeriæfolium, Wall. Cat. 6654 A; tall, quite glabrous, branches subterete when dry, often warted, leaves-membranous very shortly Petioled or the upper sessile obliquely oblong or linear-oblong acuminate qan narrowed at the very unequal almost auricled base 5-7-nerved, T than ‘stant, male and female spikes 3-6 in., peduncles slender much longer Mn e petioles. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1.948. Chavica boehmeriofolia, Mag. » Pip. 265, and. Ill. Pip. 41, t. 37. DJE Buit gor iCal EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, ascending to 5090 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, Teeth. ASSAM, SILHET and the Kasia Mrs. Wallich, &e. Prev, Kurz. SERIM, Parish.—DISTRIB. Ava. . " Branches not stout, rather ‘soft, Leaves very variable, in the typical form 86 CXXIV. PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Piper. Wallich’s) 6-7 by 13-23 in., broadest above the middle with narrow unequal bases; in some Khacian amans much broader and larger, 8-9 by 54 in. ; in Sikkim and Bhotan ones much smaller and more symmetrical, 3-34 by 2-3 in. ; petiole rarely, iin. Spikes flexuous; bracts of male pedicelled, the pedicel sometimes elongate; anthers 2 sessile 2-celled. Fruit j in. diam.— The long peduncles at once distinguish this from P. peepuloides, which i$ included with it under Wallich's No, 6654. 20. P. pothiforme, Wall. ex Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 351 ; tall, quite glabrous, leaves membranous petioled 7-9 by 3 in. linear-oblong acuminate base oblique cordate, nerves 5 of which 3 run to the tip, fruiting spike 3 m., rachis and fruits coalescing into a fleshy cylindric mass 1 in. diam. pothoides, Wall. Cat. 6639 BP Burma ; at Chappedong, Wallich. Habit of the large forms of P. bæhmeriæfolium, but the petioles are longer and the fruiting spike very different. Wallich’s specimen is the only one known. ++ Leaves more or less pubescent. (See also 15. sylvaticum.) 21. P. anisotis, Hook.f; branches densely shortly tomentose, leaves membranous subsessile obliquely oblong acuminate from a very unequal auricled base 5-7 nerved from the very base, sparsely hairy above beneath rusty tomentose on the veins especially, fruiting spikes 3 in. UPPER AssAM ; Thaumathaya, in the Mishmi Hills, Griffith. Habit of the branches of P. longum, but the leaves are more unequal-sided and more cordate. Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., very thin, finely acuminate, nerves slender, nervules transverse. Fruiting'spikes cylindric, like those of P. peepuloides ; peduncle hispidly hairy, slender; bracts minute, peltate. Fruit about din. diam. 22. P. aurantiacum, Wall. Cat. 6658 A; stems climbing and root- ing glabrous, leaves all petioled coriaceous ovate elliptic- or orbicular-ovate caudate-acuminate 5-nerved hairy or glabrate beneath base rounded or acute; spikes 14-3 in., stigmas very minute, young fruit angular ripe globose. (as. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 857. Chavica Wallichii, Mig. Syst. Pip. 254, and I. Pip. 38, t. 33, and FI. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 143. NEPAL; at Sheopore, Wallich. Assam, from Suddya and elsewhere, Griffith. A rather stout climber, of a yellowish colour when dry; branches not hard or woody, glabrous. Leaves or young trailing shoots with petioles 2-3 in. long; leaves on the main stem and branches 3—4 in. long, with petioles 2-1 in., upper sur- face almost shining ; nerves very slender above, strong beneath; nervules indistinct on both surfaces. Spikes drooping, peduncle of both sexes about as long as the petioles; flowers densely crowded ; bracts peltate, quite glabrous ; ‘stamens 2, anthers reniform, cells confluent dehiscing across the tip; fruiting spikes variable in length. Fruit distinctly pyramidal when young and dry, when ripe about 2 in. diam., not $0 crowded as usual in the section from many not ripening. It is curious that this very distinct species has not been collected in Sikkim or Bhotan. 23. P. Hapnium, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6650 D; climbing, branches stout rooting warted below, leaves petioled rugose oblong or oblong-lan- ceolate acuminate 7-nerved above the base nerves beneath pubescent or glabrate, base very unequal auricled on one side, peduncles longer than the leaves, fem. spikes short cylindric. P. Siriboa, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 6651 B. P. nigrum, 6643 C, the centre specimen only. Chavica Arnot- tiana, Mig. Syst. Pip. 268, and IU. Pip. 43, t. : er Cas. DC). ^ 7 am d ip. 43, t. 40 (not P. Arnottianu TRAVANCORE, Heyne 3 Courtallam, Wight. **Phuraunbari," Hamilton. Branches hoary; warts minute. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., the older ones very Piper.) CXXIV. PIPERACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 87 rugosely reticulated, basal auricle sometimes incurved and overlapping the petiole, at others absent, nerves impressed above ; petiole -3 in., slender. Female spike young, Jin. long; peduncle as long hoary.—An obscure but very distinct plant, of which the specimens are insufficient. Miquel unites with it Wallich’s 6651 A (P. Chuvya, Hunter ?), which is a Siam plant collected by Finlayson and is quite different, having glabrous leaves; it is in too imperfect a state for determination. Cas. De Candolle quotes Chavica Arnottiana, Miguel, and Wall. Cat. 6651 A, B, under his P. Arnot- tianum, but describes from Wall. Cat. 6650 E, F, wbich are unquestionably P. Chaba. I do not know where Phuranbari, Hamilton’s habitat, is. ** Fruiting spikes globose. Stigmas sessile. 24. P. brachystachyum, Wall. Cat. 6656, in part; quite glabrous, branches slender rigid lower warted, leaves petioled thinly coriaceous elliptic- lanceolate or -ovate obtusely caudate-acuminate 5-nerved, base acute, fruit- ing spike globose very shortly peduncled. P. vasculosum, Wall. Cat. 6660. P. Mullesua & Guigual, Don Prodr. 20; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1.338, 339. Chavica spherostachya, Mig. Syst. Pip. 279, IIl. Pip. 44, t. 42, 43, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 551, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 446, t. 27 B, exci. var. B; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 388; Wight Ic. t. 1931. C. Müllesua & Guigual, Mig. Syst. Pip, 280. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 2-5000 ft. Kasia MTS., alt. 3-5000 ft. NirnamrRr His, alt. 5000 ft., Noton, &c. A much-branched twiggy shrub, 5-6 ft. high; branches terete, woody. Leaves membranous, rarely coriaceous, 3-7 by 1-31 in. nerves strong beneath, nervules transverse ; petiole slender, 1—3 in.; young leaves in Kumaon specimens are rounded- cordate. Male spikes only seen on Nilghiri specimens, 2-3 in., slender, drooping ; bracts minute, peltate; stamens 2; anthers reniform, cells confluent, dehiscing across the tip. Female spikes 4-} in. diam., rachis pubescent. Fruit 4, in. diam. ; stigmas 3, very minute.—Only to be distinguished from P. peepuloides by thé globose fruiting spikes, having like it the frequently warted branches. Amongst a host of speci- mens I have not one collected as male in the Himalaya, and suspect that the males are mixed up with those of P: peepuloides, khasianum and nepalense, which are often undistinguishable in young foliage. " i ar. rhombica ; leaves more coriaceous rhombic-ovate 7-nerved, fruiting spikes larger, 1-8 in. diam.— Assam, mouth of the Now Dihong River, Griffith. 25. P. Thomsoni, Hook. f., scandent, quite glabrous, branches stout herbaceous, leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate o- nerved at the rounded or cordate often oblique base, fruiting spike shorter than its peduncle subglobose. Chavica Thomsoni, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1.389. Q. petiolata, Cas. DC. l.c., the Khasian specimen.—Chavica No. 18, Herb. Ind, Or. H. L&T. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 7000 ft., Treutler. Kuasa Mrs, alt. 3-4000 ft., 7.D.H.& T. T. C dou * T. Cacuar, Keenan. bl Branches as thick as a crow-quill and more, rooting at the nodes, m woody, pos when dry. Leaves 4-7 by 24-3} in., thick, nervales indistinct ; petiole - e male Spikes 1-2 in., bracts peltate. Fruiting spikes very young, i in ver n snintlooking species, I think, but hardly in condition for description; the fruiting pikes are too young to judge of their mature form. *** Fruiting spike lo hort. Ovary produc Ruyycuoxeris, ig. eee 7 26. P. rostratum, Rozb. FI. Ind.i. 160, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 163; stem erect, branches petioles leaves beneath and peduncles roughly somen ose, leaves large membranous shortly petioled oblong orbicular or somewha ed into a distinct style. Á 68 © CXXIV. PIPERACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Piper. fiddle-shaped acumihate 7:nerved at the rounded or cordate often unequal base, peduncle short, fruiting spikes short cylindric, style elongate. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 377; Mig. Syst. Pip. 284, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 447. P. stylosum, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat.i.fase.5, 139; Cas. DC. l c. 344. P. birmanicum, Cas. DC. l. c. 338, excl. var. B. Rhyncholepis ? Rox- burghii, Mig. Syst. Pip. 284, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 447. Maracca, Griffith, SINGAPORE, Maingay—DistRis. Sumatra. — i Stem 18 in. from a creeping stock, rusty-tomentose, suberect, dichotomons y branched, lower nodes thickened. Leaves 5-7 by 2-4 in., base usually narrowed, glabrous or puberulous above, nerves slender ; petiole stout, ¢-+ in. Male spikes me seen. Fruiting spikes 4-1 in. long; peduncle very short; bracts orbicular. Fru globose, 4-3 in. diam. ; style very variable in length, as long as the fruit or shorter.— 1 have not seen authentic specimens of Roxburgh's P. rostratum, but there seems no reason to doubt that Miquel's P. stylosum is the same. 27. P. penangense, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 353; erect, quite glabrous, branches terete, leaves petioled membranous oblong or ovate-lan- ceolate caudate-acuminate 5-nerved, base acute or subacute, peduncle equalling the very short fruiting-spike, style elongate. P. Lonchites, Wall. Cat. 6644 B, in Herb. Hook. only. Chavica penangensis, Mig. Syst. Pip. 279, and ZU. Pip. 45, t. 44 (not Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.). PENANG, Wallich. SINGAPORE? Lobb. - A shrub; branches hard, smooth. Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., nerves slender, alter- nate, bases rather distant; petiole l-y in, Female spikes } in. or less, peduncle slender; bracts peltate. Fruits few },-} in. diam. globose, styles slender equalling their diameter.—Miquel cites Wall. Cat. 6642 B for this, no doubt a mistake for 6644 B, which, however, he must have taken from the Hookerian Herbarium, 8$ there is no specimen at all of this species in the Liunzan Society’s, where 6642 B is P. attenuatum. Sect. IV. Pseudochavica. Spikes solitary; flowers diccious. Fruits forming a loose interrupted spike, usually much larger than in Sect. Chavica ; fruits and stigmas sessile. Bracts peltate, orbicular, margins free all round. 28. P. Hamiltonii, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 359, in part ; quite glabrous, shrubby, branches finely striate, leaves petioled coriaceous elliptic or almost rounded obtuse or subacute 5-7-nerved from above the base bracts orbicular ciliate, fruiting spikes slender, fruit ovoid. P. plantagineum, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6659 A, B in part. P. Betle, Wall. Cat. 6652 B, the two left-hand specimens only; Cas. DC. l. c. p. 359, in part; Mig. Syst. Pip. 229, in part. " Sikkim Txnar, J. D. H. Assam, Simons. SILHET and Kuasta MTS., Wallich, &c. CHITTAGONG ; at Seetakoond, J. D. H. & T. T. Stem stout, flexuous, scandent and rooting below; branches subterete or angu lar. Leaves remarkably uniform, 2-3 by 1-2) in. pale when dry, nerves strong, nervules transverse, base nearly equal, never cordate; petiole j-l in. Male spikes slender, 14-3 in.; flowers 2-8-androus. Fruiting spikes 4-6 in., flexuous; peduncle è in., slender; rachis glabrous, except the ciliate pits.— This is oue of the most con- stant of Indian species in the form of the leaf. The name P. plantagineum, Hamil- ton, has been overlooked by Miquel and Cas. DC., though the type of Wallich'$ No, 6659. , Cas. DC. bas described with P. Hamiltonii Wallich's 6659 C (misprint G), which is a very different plant, with caudate-acuminate leaves, and is referr by Miquel (Syst. 225) to Chavica Siriboa. It is, I think, neither Hamiltonis not Siriboa, and is in too young a condition of flowering to determine. A 29. P. Hookeri, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 437; shrubby» Piper.] CXXIV. PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 89 branchlets petioles peduncles and leaves beneath sparsely hirsute, leaves petioled rather coriaceous ovate ovate-oblong or -lanceolate obtusely acumi- nate 5-7-nerved from the rounded or subcordate equal or oblique base, spikes long slender, bracts orbicular. Cas. DC. in Prodr.xvi. 1. 366 ; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 115. i d Concan and Canara; Mahableshwar and Bababoodan Hills, Law, Cleg- orn, &c. Branches stout, terete, angled when dry. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., brownish when dry, glabrous above, nerves beneath slender, nervules transverse ; petiole 1-3 in. ale spikes 3-6 in., flexuous, peduncle equalling the petiole; bracts glabrous; Stamens 2, Fruiting spikes 3-6 in.; bracts sometimes adnate below and shortly decurrent ; scar glabrous within.—A distinct species, but the fruiting spikes are immature, and the bracts being sometimes decurrent, it should perhaps be removed to Sect, Eupiper. 30. P. Schmidtii, Hook. f.; shrubby, quite glabrous, branches woody terete, leaves petioled very coriaceous ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate ö-nerved from above the base, nerves alternate, base rounded or acute strongly reticulated on both surfaces, peduncles longer than the petioles, male spikes 4-6 in., female shorter fruiting with a very thick flexuous rachis, put globose or ovoid, bracts orbicular. P. arborescens, in part, Mig. Sys f. Pip. 320; Wight Te. +t. 1940, right-hand figure; Cas. DC. in DC. Pro " xvi. 1.359, the Nilghiri plant only. P. nigrum, Wall. Cat. 6643 D e. ower specimen only. ? P. arcuatum, y. quintuplinervium, Cas. DC.. c. 360. Niten Mrs., Schmidt, Wi, ht, &c. . À large shrub, clothing trunks of trees ; branches usually drying black. ae by 1-2 in., drying brown ; nerves beneath very stout, sometimes whitish benea " margin often recurved ; petiole stout, } in. Male spikes stout, peduncle. tuin long as the petiole; female stout, very dénse-fld. Fruiting spike varia EN M t tortuous, rachis usually very thick. Fruit in some very fleshy and descri this M ight as oblong, in others less fleshy and quite globose.—I cannot imagine 1 x re e what Roxburgh intended as the Moluccan P. arborescens, and or w ibes as says the peduncles arè about as long as the petioles, and which Miquel esori en ;'In puberulous nervules beneath, and short male spikes. The Cer) on P »" (C. P. 2461), feferred to by Thwaites and Cas, DC. as P. arborescens, is J . T uro Phyllum. Wallich's 6643 E from Penang, referred by Miquel both em. cens (Syst. Pip, 320) and to P. attenuatum (p. 807), is P. porphyrophyttum. 3l. P. nepalense, Mig. Syst. Pip. 318; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves etioled membranous oF thinly coriaceous elliptic-ovate or -oblong or -lanceolate more or less caudate-acuminate 5-7-nerved above the "le lon 95!Ique acute or rounded base, male spikes long slender, fruiting T me nore rachis densely tomentose, bracts orbicular, fruit ovoid GEO B hulate. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 357. P. peepuloides, Wall. Cat, 6690 B. Piper Nos. 5 and 20 (for the most part), Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T. i d UBTROPICAI, HriMALAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Garwhal, Edgeworth, to Bhotan ne Mishmi, Griffith. Knasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. ely rounded ranches slender. Leaves very variable, 3-5 by 1-3 in. base rar T. s often or cordate ; petiole j-$ in. Spikes 2-7 in. ; bracts sessile. Fruiting spt es often "ai puberulous, straight or flexuous. Fruit j in. long, pointed. The “form with b Imalayan and Khasian species. No. 20 Herb. H. f. 4 T. appears to h a ter "oader and more coriaceous leaves, for the flowers and fruit afford no character. 32. P. khasi in Prodr. xvi. 949, in part; glabrous v Peduncles and petioles died ay C cbascent, leaves petioled membranous anceolate or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate 5-nerved above the equ 90 .exxiv. PIPERACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) — . [ Péper. aeute or rounded base, peduncle longer than the petiole, fruiting spike short, rachis tomentose, bracts orbicular, fruit small globose obscurely pedicelled. NEPAL? Wallich. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 2-6000 ft., Clarke. UPPER ASSAM, Griffith. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. ° It is difficult without the fruit to distinguish this from P. nepalense ; the leaves are never so large, not exceeding 5 in., and are narrower with much longer often falcately curved points. The spikes are never more than 1} in., and the small fruits are only 1-4 in. diam.—1 find no specimen of this in Wallich's Herbarium, but good ones in Herb. Hook. received from him. I have retained the name of khasianum, though the description in the Prodromus is drawn up in part from P. Hamiltonit and from P. nepalense, whence the fruit is described as ovoid. 33. P. Lonchites, Roem. & Sch. Syst. i. Mant. 241; quite glabrous, branches woody terete, nodes much enlarged, leaves shortly petioled thinly coriaceous elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate subacute 3—5-nerved from near the base, peduncles longer than the petioles, male spikes 3-1 in., fruiting females 1-2 in. flexuous, rachis tomentose, bracts orbicular. Mig. Syst. Pip. 331, Ill. Pip. 56, t. 57, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 454; Wall. Cat. 6644 B, the left- hand and lower right-hand specimens. Chavica penangensis, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 493 (not of Syst. Pip.). PENANG, Porter, Wallich. Branches rigid, internodes short. Leaves very uniform, 24-3 by 1-1} in. sub- acute at both ends, tip not at ‘all caudate, nervules reticulate, uppermost oblique an subauricled at the base; petiole }-} in. Male spikes uniformly short; bracts ciliates female much longer. Fruits unripe, sessile, ovoid.—A very distinct species, the authorship of which is attributed in the Prodromus to Miquel, and no allusion made to Roemer and Schultes, who profess to have described from Wallich's No. 6644 B, quoting “ P. lanceolatum Roxb.” which is inscribed on one of Wallich's tickets. AS, however, there are 3 species on the sheet. of 6644 B, it is doubtful to which Roemer and Schultes refer. Sect. V. Eupiper. Spikes solitary; flowers dicecious, rarely poly- gamous. Fruits forming loosely interrupted spikes usually larger than 1n Sect. Chavica ; fruits and stigmas sessile. Bracts and bracteoles either wholly adnate to the rachis or with raised membranous margins. * Bracts of the female spike forming (when dry) a short hemispheric qup under the ovary, margins not or very slightly raised ; bracteoles forming 4 semilunar ridge above the ovary. 34. P. nigrum, Lina. Sp. Pl. 28; quite glabrous, stem stout climbing and rooting terete, leaves petioled coriaceous usually broadly ovate oblong or nearly orbicular base usually rounded and oblique 5-9-nerved above the base, nerves strong alternate, peduncles longer or shorter than the petioles, flowers often polygamous, bracts of female short cupular wholly adnate without raised margins, fruit globose. Vahl Enum. i. 329; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 150, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 153; Hunter in As. Research. ix. 9835 Burm. Fl. Ind. 18; Blume in Verh. Bat. Genoots. xi. 191, £. 11-17 ; Wall. Cat. 6643 A, B, C in part, D in part; Miq. Syst. Pip. 308, Ill. Pip. 50, t. 50, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 559, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 451; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 363; Marsden Sumatr. t. 1; Bot. Mag. t. 3139; Hayne Arnz. Gewachs. xiv. t. 6; Nees Pl. Med. t. 21; Woodv. Med. Bot. iv. t. 246; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 245; Dict. Sc. Nat. t. 991; Spach Suites Buff. t. 125: P. trioicum, Roxb. Il. c.; Miquel Syst. 310, and in Hook. Journ. iv. 438, v. 552; Wight lc. t. 1935. - P. nigrum var. trioicum, Cas. DC. l.c. P. malabarense and P. baccatum (the Indian synonyms only), Cas. Piper ] CXXIV, PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 91 DO. l. e. 242. Muldera multinervis & Wightiana, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 557-8.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. 23, t. 12. . Native in the forests of the CIRCARS and? of Assam and MALABAR ; cultivated in hot damp parts of India, Ceylon and the tropics generally. . Branches stout, trailing and rooting at the nodes. Leaves 5-7 by 2-5 in., most variable in breadth, sometimes glaucous beneath; baseacute rounded or cordate, equal or unequal; nerves stout, 2-3 pairs basal, with another pair higher up which Tun to the tip; petiole 3—12 in., stout. Flowers usually diccious, but often the female bears 2 anthers, or the male a pistillode; anthers 2-celled. Fruiting spikes: very variable in length and robustness, rachis glabrous. Fruit globose, sessile, red, pulp thin.—The distinctions, if any, between the wild and cultivated black Peppers : mgrum and trioicum) want careful study, from fresh specimens. Roxburgh, who first distinguished them, gives no other character than that the leaves of P. trioicum are glaucous beneath. Miquel,'who retained both species in his Systema, observes that P. triotcum has less coriaceous narrower more lanceolate leaves, less white beneath, and in the Fl. Ind. Bat. he simply refers to £rioicum as perhaps the wild form of nigrum. Clarke has collected in the Khasia (at Amwee, alt. 3000 ft.) à membranous-leaved Pepper otherwise like P. nigrum with young female spikes. I have examined authentic specimens of Muldera Wightiana and multinervis in Arnott's Herbarium, and do not see how they differ from P. nigrum; those of M. Wightiana are in male flower only. The transversely dehiscing female receptacle of M. multinervis described by Miquel seems to me to be formed of the ordinary bracts and bracteoles of P. nigrum. Owever advance this with hesitation, for our knowledge of the specific limits of : nigrum are us vague as of its geographical. 35. P. zeylanicum, Mig. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 436; quite gla- brous, branches terete stout woody, nodes much thickened, leaves small ong-petioled coriaceous broadly ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate 3-5-nerved rom the base, nerves and nervules impressed above very prominent beneath, peduncles longer than the petioles, fruiting spikes short robust, bracts adnate tips raised in fruit, fruit .globose smooth densely crowded. Cas. Ar” Prodr, xvi. 1. 366. P. arcuatum, Thwaites Enum. 293, in part (C. P. CEYLON; in the hi her parts of the central province, Walker, &c. Dark brown when dry, much branched. Leaves 13-24 by 1-1} in., paler beneath, pec bullate above, base usually equal; petiole 3-1 iu. Male spikes 1-1} in. ; bracts cant imbricate, the lowest sometimes oblong and peltate; stamens 2, filaments very broad. Fruiting spikes 1-1} in., flexuous.—A very distinct-looking species. he og, find the filaments to be margined beneath the anthers as described by Miquel. do K arma major of that author, from the Deccan (Mayabam, Sir F. Adam), is a very ubtful plant, in fact indeterminable. 36. P. trineuron Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. v. 555; quite glabrous, branches slender rigid, leaves thin elliptic-lanceolate subacute or acum A "herved nearly to the tip, peduncles longer than the petioles, ma ^ Likes slender shorter than the leaves, male and female bracts closely mE in Pr, rachis, stamens 2, fruits distant globose quite eye “3. DC. di redr. xvi. 362, P. insulare& ceylanicum, Cas. DC. l. c. 242. Pim Thwaites Enum. 498 (omitted in DC. Prodr.). - PYLON, in damp forests in he south of the island, Walker, Thwaites. — nng "ches slender, black, nodes much enlarged. Leaves 3-5 by Lu un base bracts P'"cipal nerves 1-2 pair, slender; petiole }-4 in. Male spikes E cu». , ?ieireular, rather distant. Fruiting spike rigid ; bracts forming & n nia thor j achis black, naked between the fruits.— This is certainly not a Mu » "Eh it resembles p. arcuatum, Blume, of Java. 97. P. leptonema, Hook. f; quite glabrous, branches terete firm, 92 CXXIV. PIPERACER. (J. D. Hooker.) (Piper. nodes much enlarged, leaves petioled thinly coriaceous broadly elliptic or rounded abruptly acuminate, 5-nerved from near the rounded rarely sub- cordate base, peduncles slender longer.than the petioles, female spikes very slender longer than the leaves, flowers very minute in separate whorls. Lonchites, Wall. Cat. 6644 B, the right-hand upper specimen only. PEenanG, Wallich, Maingay.—D1s1R1B. Java (Zollinger, 3771/8). Apparently shrubby. Leaves very symmetrical for the genus, dull brown when dry, 3-4 by 2-3 in., nerves slender, nervules distinct on both surfaces ; petiole slender, jin. Female spikes alone seen; flowers sometimes in a broken spiral, but usually in distinct whorls; bracts cupular, confluent below with the slender quite glabrous rachis. Fruit 3 in. long, ellipsoid, with a very short style when dry.—A very distinct species, which Miquel appears to have overlooked in Wallich’s Herbarium, where . the only specimen is fastened on a sheet with two other species (P. caninum and Lonchites). In the Hookerian Herbarium he has named it “a P. acre, Bl, vix diversum ;"— it differs from P. acre totally in the bracts and flowers. i ** Bracts of the female spike adnate to the rachis with decurrent raised more or less membranous margins which are confluent with the bracteoles on either side of the ovary. (The species of this group are involved, and I have failed in the attempt to dissociate Nos. 40 to 43.) 38. P. rhytidocarpum, Hook. f.; a stout quite glabrous climber, leaves long-petioled large coriaceous elliptic ovate oblong or orbicular acuminate not glaucous beneath 3—5-nerved above the rounded acute or cor- date base, spikes very long, fruiting females 8-12 in., bracts with slightly raised margins, fruit granulate (when dry). P. aurantiacum, Wall Cat. 6658 B. P. nigrum, var. macrostachyum, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 363. AssaM, SILHET and the Knasta Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft., common, Wallich Griffith, &c.. CHITTAGONG, J. D. H. & T. T . Habit and foliage of P. nigrum, but distinguished by the long petioles, often 2 in. long, larger leaves, attaining 7 in. in breadth, very long spikes, raised margins of the bracts and granulate fruit.—Miquel has named a specimen without fruit 2 Herb. Hook. as P. trioicum? and alludes to it in Syst. Pip. (314, parag. 3). " 89. P. attenuatum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6642 B, C, D i» part; branches soft compressed angled and grooved when dry, leaves long- petioled membranous orbicular-ovate or cordate abruptly acuminate uppet more ovate glabrous or puberulous beneath 7-nerved from near the bases fruiting female spikes very long slender, bracts decurrent with raised mem- branous margins, fruit small globose. Mig. Syst. Pip. 306, Ill. Pip. 49 t. 49, and in Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 451; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 363 ; Wight Te. t. 1933. ? P. Sirium, Cas. DC. l.c. 361. P. Malamiri Fi. Ind. i. 160, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 162. alamiris, Ho), EASTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA;. Sikkim, J. D. H., &c.; Bhotan, Griffith. ASSAM, SILHET and the Knasia Mrs., Hamilton, &c. NinGurmr Hirrs; on the Eastern slopes, Wight, &c.—DisTRIB.? Penang and Java. Apparently a rambling species, not unlike P. sylvaticum. Branches stout, buf evidently soft, flexuous, glabrous. Leaves 24-6 in., often as broad as long, from finely downy to glabrous beneath ; base usually equal rounded truncate or cordate, of tbe upper usually acute; nerves slender; petiole 1-3 in., rarely shorter. Male spikes slender; bracts adnate, cupular; bracteoles slender; stamens 2-4. Female spikes very slender, lengthening in fruit to 9 in.; rachis glabrous, except in the ciliate scar? left by the fruit; ovaries ovoid ; stigmas minute. Fruit globose à in. diam.—The 7 basal nerves seem to distinguish this from the following. Cas. DC. refers the Sirium .of Rumph (V. 119, t. 2) and Vahl's P. diffusum to it, but the evidence is very slight. According to Miquel, a specimen of Roxburgh's P. Malamiris so named by himself Piper.] CXXIV. PIPERACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 93 in Delessert’s Herbarium is this ; unfortunately Roxburgh’s names of Polygonums and Peppers are often at issue both with his descriptions, and these again with his Icones ; he quotes Linnæus for his Malamiris, but Linnæus includes plants of both the old and new worlds under Malamiris. Rheede’s figure of Linnsus' plant of that name, Amalago (vii. t. 16), cited by Roxburgh, cannot well be P. attenuatum. 40. P. sylvestre, Lamk. Ill. 79?; quite glabrous, branches subterete, leaves petioled hardly coriaceous elliptic or ovate acuminate base acute rounded or subcordate 5-nerved from near the base, spikes long very slender, bracts of male cupular adnate to the rachis, of the female with raised margins glabrous within, rachis glabrous, fruit globose. Miq. Syst. Pip. 314, and in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 438, and v. 552; Thwaites Enum, 293 (C. P. 3688) ; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 961; Wight Ic. t. 1937. Assam and Siruxr, Wallich, Griffith. DECCAN PENINSULA, at Courtallam, Wight. Cxvrox , Walker; south end of the island, Thwaites. A branching climbing shrub, with apparently soft branches, much compressed and furrowed when dry in the Ceylon specimens. Leaves 4—5 by 2-3 in., more coriaceous than in P, attenuatum, with much shorter petioles, and never rounded-ovate as in that plant, base acute or rounded rarely cordate, nerves not so basal; petiole j-$ in. Male spikes 5-6 in., flowers rather distant ; stamens 2-4; female lengthening much In fruit, rachis slender, glabrous. Fruit 4 to nearly 4 in.—I accept this as Lamarck 8 : Sylvestre with great doubt, and I find it difficult to define it by description from narrow-leaved forms of P. attenuatum, and from some states of P. argyrophyllum, but feel sure it is quite distinct from the former. A specimen in Wight’s Herbarium 18 marked P. trioicum, as is another from Roxburgh's Herbarium, but the fruit seems too small for that form of nigrum, the rachis too is slender, and leaves too membra- nous. I refrain from citing any of the extra-Indian descriptions or habitats for sylvestre, but there is in Herb. Hook. a plant said to be from Mauritius which tallies with this, and is marked P. sylvestre by Miquel ; it is probably a garden specimen, and is in male fl. only. . 41. P. Hymenophyllum, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 554; pe- tioles and leaves beneath pubescent with crisped hairs, branches terete, leaves shortly petioled very membranous ovate elliptic-ovate or -oblong or ovate- cordate acuminate base'acute or rounded 2-3-nerved towards the base, “erves slender alternate, spikes very long and slender, fruiting rachis very Canter glabrous or pubescent in the scars, bracts confluent with the rachis. sag, DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 864; Wight Ic, t. 1942. P. Malamiris, Wall. Cat. dno G, H. P. nilghirianum, Cas. DC. l. ec. P. lanatum, Wight mss.; Mig. 1. e. 553 (not of Rozb.). P. Wightii, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. V. 952 for the most part. . Wight oes PENINSULA; on the Nilghiri, Shevagherry and Travancore Mountains, ght, &c. A slender climber, with branches that do not appear to shrink in drying. Leaves .In. very variable in breadth, always thinly membranous, base usually equal ; Petiole 3-4 in. Male spike very slender; bracts with free rounded tips, pe lancle onger or shorter than the petiole. Fruiting spikes 3-6 in., rachis very mE e; her usually inconspicuous being entirely confluent with the rachis, but some times js ave more or less conspicuously raised margins and are ciliated within. rui 95long when unripe, with often a distinct style, globose and j-1i in. diam. w en ripe. an wht, not having seen male plants, is disposed to regard this as the female of ; amd rophyllum, and though males are now known, they da not help to distinguish nr, The pubescence, which is the best character for this, is far from constant in mount, and is sometimes almost evanescent. So too the development of the bracts close fruiting rachis is very various. A Javan plant of Zollinger’s (IL. No. 304) Closely resembles this, 42. P. argyrophyllum, Mig. Syst. Pip. 330, Ill. Pip. 55, t. 56, and , 94 -© CXXIV. PIPERACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) | 0 [Piper. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 555; quite glabrous, shrubby, branches terete, leaves petioled membranous or coriaceous lanceolate or elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate sometimes silvery beneath 5-nerved above the base, nerves distant alternate, base acute often oblique, male spikes very slender, peduncles longer than the petioles, fruiting spike 3-6 in., bracts usually decurrent with raised margins, scars naked or ciliate. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 865; Wight Ic. t. 1941. P. Malamiri, Wall. Cat. 6642 E, F, I. P. Wightii, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. l. c. 552, in part. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne; Travancore Mts., Wight. CEYLON; in the central province. . Some states of this appear to differ from P. Hymenophyllum only in being glabrous, others have the much more coriaceous foliage of other forms, and the leaves are nor- mally more white] beneath. There is so much variation in the development of the bracts that possibly there is more than one species here. The following appear to me 7 to be probably varieties of this. 1. P. argyrophyllum proper; leaveslong 4—6 by 11-2 in. whitish beneath, petiole nearly 1 in., peduncle very ‘slender, fruiting spike 1-23 in., rachis very slender glabrous, bracts almost confluent with the rachis, fruit small 2 in. diam. Wall. Cat. 6642 F.—This was sent to Wallich by Wight, but I find no specimen in the Herba- rium of the latter. There are, however, good ones in Arnott’s Herbarium. 2. Leaves smaller shorter petioled more elliptic sometimes bullate not white beneath, frniting spikes 5-7 in, rachis slender, bracts with raised margins, scars distant with fimbriate edges, young fruit oblong subtruncate with a distinct style globose when ripe. Wall. Cat. 6642 E, I.—Courtallam, Wight. Concan?, tocks. 3. Leaves elliptic more coriaceous less acuminate not white beneath, bracts with conspicuous sinuate raised margins which embrace the bases of the young fruits, ripe fruit globose in. diam. P. nepalense, Wight Ic. t. 1938 (not of Miquel).—Cour- tallam, in dense forests.— This resembles P. sylvestre in the form of the leaf, and P. Wightii in their texture. 4. Leaves coriaceous 3-5 by 14-2} in. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate bullate above silvery beneath, nerves stronger more distant, petiole 3 in., fruiting spikes 4-6 in., bracts with raised sinuate margins, fruit large “yellow” (Clarke). P. .argyrophyllum, Thwaites Enum. 293.— Nilghiri Hills, alt. 7000 ft., Clarke. Ceylon (C.P. 3625).— This should perhaps be referred to P. Wightii, but the alternate nerves are very constant. » 9. Leaves much smaller 2-23 by 1 in. elliptic-lanceolate, petiole short 1 in. fruiting spikes 1-2 in. slender, rachis slender, bracts with hardly raised margins, , scars ciliate, fruit J in. diam.—Nilghiri or Kurg Hills, @. Thomson.—This very small form a little resembles P. Ahasianum. 6. Leaves thinly coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate or oblong ovate silvery or not beneath, fruiting spikes 2—7 in., bracts with raised sinuate margins, rachis rather | slender, fruit globose 3 in. diam. P. Walkeri, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 439; Cas. DC. l. c. 3362. P. arborescens, Thwaites Enum, 993, excl. syn.— Ceylon, Walker, Thwaites (C. P. 35 in part, and 2461).—I do not find the minute hairs described by Miquel. 43, P. Wightii, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 552, in part; quite glabrous, branches stout terete, leaves petióled coriaceous broadly ovate or orbicular rarely elliptic or oblong often glaucous beneath base: rounded or cordate rarely acute 5-7-nerved near the base spikes 2-3 im. stout, braets with prominent sinuate margins. Wight Te. t. 1939 (P. Wightiana on plate). P. nigrum, Wall. Cat. 6643 D, the upper right-hand specimen only. ; erin ILE TENURE Hits, Wight, &c. e robust habit, broader leaves with stronger more basal t * petioles and often stouter fruiting-spikes with almost winged bracts, best diet aueh this Piper] CXXIV.. PIPERACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 95 from the coriaceous.leaved plants referred to P. argyrophyllum. Whether, however, what I have described above should be regarded as Miquel's P. Wightii is perhaps doubtful, there being much confusion in both Wight's and Arnott's Herbaria, where alone authentic specimens of Miquel's plants are preserved. Miquel’s description of leaves sparsely hairy on the nerves, together with specimens named by Miquel P. Wightii in Herb. Arnott with this character, obviously apply to P. Hymenophyllum ; others equally authentically named P. Wightii, and quite glabrous, with membranous leaves, are identical with forms of P. argyrophyllum (perhaps sylvestre) ; whilst still a third 'series, with coriaceous leaves and more basal stronger nerves, also named Wightii by Miquel, represent that plant as here limited. Furthermore, specimens of this last in Arnott’s Herbarium are named by Miquel * P. nigrum forma sylvestre.” In short the confusion is inextricable, and I cannot say whether P. sylvestre, argyro- Phyllum, Hymenophyllum and Wightii represent as many species, or fewer, or one only. Lastly, P. Wightii must be carefully distinguished from P. Schmidti (P. . arborescens Miq. not of Roxb.), which though not easily distinguishable by words is à very different species. 44 P. leptostachyum, Wall. Cat. 6649; quite glabrous, branches à stout contracted angled and grooved when dry, leaves large coriaceous petioled obliquely ovate oblong-ovate or’ -lanceolate acuminate 5-nerved above the base, nervules transverse, fruiting spike 7 in., peduncle much longer than the petiole, rachis stout glabrous, bracts with obscure margins, Scars glabrous. Mig. Syst. Pip. 315. P. indicum, Miq. fid. Cas. DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 498. Burma; banks of the Attran River, Wallich. ranches white when dry, internodes long, nodes hardly swollen. Leaves very Pale, 5-8 by 2-4 in., base acute rounded or cordate ; petiole stout, 4-1 in. Spikes pendulous, scars narrow. Fruit scattered, globose, unripe with a distinct style, ripe globose ¥'in, diam.—A very handsome species, of which the male is unknown. Cas. DC. changes Wallich’s name to P. indicum, citing as the authority Miquel’s Systema (p. 815), where, however, thé name leptostachyum is preserved, and I find no autho- nity in Miquel for the name P. indicum. The P. leptostachyum of A. Richard is undescribed, and only mentioned in Grisebach's Cat. Pl. Cub. 69. Miquel's citation of Wall. Cat. 1540 for this is an error. Sect. VI. Heckeria. Spikes subumbellate. Flowers 2-sexual. 45. P. subpeltatum, Willd. Sp. Pl.i. 166; shrubby, branches very stout soft, leaves very large long-petioled membranous orbicular-cor Jate glabrous or puberulous beneath, nerves flabellate, spikes erect. Cas. Caf. in Prodr, xvi. 1. 333; Vahl Enum. i. 337, excl. syn. Lam.; Wall. a . 6638, Heckeria subpeltata, Kunth in Linnea xm. 171. Pothomorpl e subpeltata, Mique? Syst. Pip. 213, Ill. Pip. 99, t. 96, in Hook. Lond. Journ. ot. iv. 431, and Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 487; Wight Ic. t. 1925. „DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Concan Hills, alt. 5000 ft., sou Wight, &e, PENANG, Wallich. CrEYLON, ascending to 4000 ft., ISTRIB. Malay Islands, Tropical Africa and Madagascar. d branches, “Leases a A succulent shrub, 4-5 ft. high, with very thick stem an Rot diam. or less, acute or tip Sounded, deeply cordate with a narrow prin petiole 20 in., with a narrow deciduous wing. Spikes 3-7 together, - ong, ve Y ‘tere, pedicelled ; bracts pedicelled, peltate, triangular or j-lunar, ciliate ; o er Nez minute; stamens 2; stigmas 3. Fruit very minute, trigonous, cuneiform, Nate, ; thwards, Heyne Walker, &c.— P UNDETERMINABLE AND agen "Pip. 258) ectly observes - AMALAGO, Linn. Fl. Zéyl. No. 28.—Miquel-(Syst. Pip. corr that Linneuy’ Amalago isa mixture of various species from the old and new worlds. 1e dmalago of Rheede (vii. t, 16) with elliptic leaves and very long peduncles is not recognizable, 96 CXXIV. PIPERACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) - [Piper. P. ARBORESCENS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 159, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 161.—To this Miquel refers Wallich’s No. 6643 E, a native of Penang, which is a flowerless barren state with variegated leaves of a plant called Cissus? porphyrophyllus by Lindley. At p. 307, however, he refers the same number to P. attenuatum. He also refers a Nilghiri plant of Perrottet to it; this plant I have not seen, but assume it to be P. Schmidtii. Lastly he figures his P. arborescens (Ill. Pip. 54, t. 54), but does not state where the figured specimen comes from. The only authority for Roxburgh's plant is his citation of Rumph (V. t. 28, f. 1), which is not recognizable as depicting any of the above-mentioned plants. . . P. ARCUATUM, Blume, var. nervis remotioribus, Mig. Syst. Pip. 334; from the Nilghiri Mts., Perrottet, — This is, I assume, the P. arcuatum var. B. quintuplinervium, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 360. It is probably P. Schmidtii. P. ARANEUM, Wall. Cat. 6661; from Taong-dong in Ava, has neither flower - nor fruit, and is indeterminable. P. CLYPEATUM, Wall. Cat. 6655 (P. obtusissimum and P. manillanum, Mig. . Syst. Pip. 337, 339)—ure both species of Ficus. . P. CORIACEUM, Vahl Enum. i. 314, is doubtfully referred to P. Cubeba by Miquel (Syst. Pip. 289), and omitted by Cas. DC. P. pirrusum, Vahl Enum. i. 333, from Ceylon, is referred by Cas. DC. (Prodr. , ` xvi. 1. 364) to P. attenuatum, but I have seen no specimen of this from Ceylon. Cas. DC. omits this habitat, as does Miquel (Syst. Pip. 327), who gives Java and Amboyna. ° P. EXASPERATUM, Vahl Enum. i. 322; Cas. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 878. (Chavica ? exasperata, Mig. Syst. Pip. 275), is indeterminable. , P. FALLAX, Vahl Enum. 335, is doubtfully referred by Cas. DC. to P. nigrum var. trioicum, and by Miquel to P. longum or P. sarmentosum (Syst. Pip. 241). . P. reve, Vahl Enum. i, 832; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 362; Mi . Pip. 335, is indeterminable. | , xvi. 1. 362; Mig. Syst. Pip P. Maramiris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 29; Vahl Enum. i. 327 (see Nos. 15, 39, 41, 42). P. nigruM?, Wall. Cat. 6643 E, F; from Malacea, Singapore ay Penang.— These are young plants, with broadly cordate rounded leaves variegated green white and purple, of a Piper, species unknown, and are the Cissus? porphyrophyllus, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. i. 225, and Flore des Serres Ser. 2, iv. t. 1491. It is P. porphyrophyllum, N. E. Brown in Gard, Chron. (1884) xxii. 498. P. POTHOIDES, Wall. Cat. 6639 A; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 351 (Chavica pothoides, Miq. Syst. Pip. 266).—' There are two species on this sheet, neither in flower or fruit. Of one of these there is a specimen in Herb Kew from the Andamans, collected by Kurz, in an equally imperfect state, B P. RETROFRACTUM, Vahl Enum.i.314; Cas. DC. in Prodr, xvi havica retrofracta, Miq. Syst. Pip. 275), is indeterminable. ode. xvi. 1. 878 (C pir ,P. Surprqua, Ham. in Don Prodr. 20; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 378 (Chavica Suipiqua, Miq. Syst. Pip. 275), is no doubt a common Nepal species but g cannot guess which. , ' P. SYLVESTRE, Lour.; Vahl Enum. i, 326,is evidently a mixt P. syRING#FOLIUM, Vahl Enum. i. 328 ; Cas. DC. in ? od y I havica syringefolia, Miq. Syst. Pip. 275), is indetermjnable. radr. xvi. 1.378 (Chavi ^. THERMALE, l'a num. i. 328; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 3378 (Chavica thermalis, Mig. Syst. 276), from hot springs at Tranquebar, should. be aod and determined by botanists in Madras by means of the locality, SOR? VENUSTUM, Wall. Cat. 6666; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 378, from Sings pore, » M Cel os in a very young state, not distinguishable from P, remotiflorus, P. ZUCCARENII, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 365, from Indi riffith in Herb. Munich, is indeterminable. The petiole is described as sheathing aroughout its length, which I have not observed in any Indian Piper, It is probably a Pothos. 3. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz & Pav. Annual or perennial, usually succulent herbs. Leaves alternate opposite — ——á Peperomia.) CXXIV. PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 97 or whorled, quite entire, pellucid-punctate, exstipulate. Spikes terminal or eaf-opposed, solitary or fascicled, rarely axillary. Flowers 2-sexual, minute, sessile or sunk in the rachis, often whorled, erect, bracteate. Perianth 0. Stamens 2, very short; anther-cells confluent. Ovary obtuse acute or beaked, l-celled; stigma lateral or terminal, usually penicillate; ovule A, erect. Fruit minute, indehiscent. Seed with a membranous testa.—Species 3-400, ‘chiefly tropical and American. * Leaves alternate. (See also P. Wightiana.) l. P. exigua, Mig. Syst. Pip. 77, and FI. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 432; quite glabrous, stem very slender decumbent, leaves alternate petioled rounded- 9vate-cordate or subdeltoid 5-7-nerved, tip rounded, spikes solitary axillary and terminal, fruit sessile, stigma terminal Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi 1 403. Mieropiper exiguum, Miguel Comm. Phyt. 56, t. 9 D. Piper exiguum, Blume in Verh. Bat. Genoots. xi. 232. P. hyalinum, Wail. Cat. 6662. Burma; hills opposite Prome, Wallich.—DrisTRIB. Java, Philippines, ? West rica, : : Stems 3-6 in., sparingly branched. Leaves hyaline when dry, j-l in. diam., se sometimes truncate; petiole 4—1 in. Spikes j in, filiform. Fruit ovoid, ed, . 9. P. moulmeiniana, Cas. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1866, 140, and in DC. Prod». xvi. 1. 415 ; quite glabrous, stem succulent straggling, leaven alternate shortly petioled eltiptic-lanceolate obtuse 5-nerved from the base, Spikes slender panicled, fruit globose, stigma minute. TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. EE j qne tufted, 6-8 in. high, sparingly branched; branches divaricate. | Leaves 24 in. long, succulent, nerves faint; petiole 1-j in. Spikes l-l} in. fF 80 broad as the rachis, 3, P. pseudo-rhombea, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 440; quite gla- brous, Stem stout erect succulent, leaves alternate petioled fleshy elliptic- nceolate acute 3-nerved, spikes solitary axillary and terminal shorter tha e leaves, p. courtallensis, var. B., Thwaites Enum: 292. Cgvrow. : 5 ., Thwaites. . Slem simpl Y fos high ad tik asa goce quil. Leaver 2 i, narrowed into the short petiole, nerves obscure.—I have seen but one specimen, and in young ower only, 4. P. Thomsoni, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, erect, branched, leaves alternate petioled Tlic sito otha S herved, spikes slender axillary and terminal. Peperomia No. 9, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. Piper ovali- olium, Wall. Cat. 6663 B, the lower specimen. . - Di Decoay PENINSULA ; Nilghiri or Kurg Mts., G. Thomson; Courtallam, Wight; ndigul, alt, 2500 ft., Wight in Herb. Wall. ? CEYLON, Thwaites. | k as a swan's „Stem very stout, erect or ascending at the base, naked below, as thic Ar 7 Ate quill ; branches all reaching. about the same height, leafy. Leaves S ikes when fio, in. long, succulent, 3 principal nerves broad; petiole 4-3 in. tos in Herb Wering as long as the leaves much longer in fruit. —A specimen of this n Ho . mott is mentioned by Miquel (in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 549) as a giabr E be üriant, alternate-leaved var. of P. dindigulensis, from which it appears to me widely different, and to be very near pseudo -rhombea of Ceylon. ted Leay . OL, v, es mostly opposite or whorled. . E 98 CXXIV. PIPERACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Peperomia 5. P. Wightiana, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. v. 948; suberect, rather slender, glabrous or with the tips of the leaves ciliolate, leaves opposite and alternate petioled obovate elliptic oblong or orbicular obtuse, 3.nerved, spikes 1-3 usually terminal. P P. Wightiana, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 420. P. ceylanica, Mig. l. c. 550; Cas. DC. l c. 497. . The Concay, on trees, Stocks. MALABAR, Wight. NinaniRIS, G. Thomson. CEYLON, Walker; Central Province, alt. 6000 ft., Thwaites (C. P. 3954). Stems 6-10 in., straggling and rooting below, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves }-1 in., very variable, rarely obovate, succulent, glabrous except at the tip; petiole 3-4 in. Spikes 1-2 in., very slender, sometimes paniculate.— Cas. DC. describes the stem as pubescent, but it is glabrous in authentic specimens (in Herb. Arnott), aud Miquel does not describe it as pubescent. Wight’s figure is, I think, taken from P. dindigulensis. I suspect this is only a variety of P. Heyneana. Specimens from the Nilghiris have all the leaves alternate. Miquel’s P. ceylanica has most minute pubescence on the branches; the leaves are chiefly opposite. 6. P. dindigulensis, Mig. Syst. Pip. 192, in Hook. Journ. Bot. v- 549, and Ill. Pip.19, t. 13; stem and leaves pubescent, leaves opposite rarely alternate or 3-nately whorled petioled elliptic-ovate or rounded obtuse or acute 3-5-nerved, spikes slender axillary and terminal solitary or panicled. Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 442; ? Wight Ic. t. 1921. P. Heyneana, Wight Te. t. 1992; Thwaites Enum. 999. PP. Wightiana, Wight lc. t. 1924. Thwaitesii, Cas. DC. l. c. 448. Piper ovalifolium, Wali. Cat. 6663 A and B (except the lower specimen). Deccan PENINSULA ; from the Concan southward, in the moist ghats. Very variable, sometimes 18 in. high, with a stem as thick as a goose-quill and suberect, at others more slender and straggling; stem simple or branched. Leaves 1-1} in., succulent, narrowed into the petiole. Spikes 1-3 in. long.—I find nothing answering to Wight’s figure of P. Wightiana in his or Arnott's Herbarium ; its alter nate leaves resemble P. Wightiana, but the hairiness is that of P. dindigulensis. His figure of P. dindigulensis represents a glabrous plant, unlike any species I have seen; but for its opposite leaves I should refer itto P. Thomsoni. I have seen no specimens of P. Thwaitesii, Cas DC., but the description entirely accords with P. dindigulensis. 7. P. portulacoides, 4. Dietr. Sp. Pl. i. 172; quite glabrous; tufted, stem very stout branched and suceulent, leaves opposite or the upper whorled petioled obovate or subrhomboid tip rounded 3-nerved, spikes stout longer than the leaves axillary and terminal. Mig. Syst. Pip. 130, and in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 550; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 449; Wight Ic. t. 1922. P. Candolleana, Mig. Syst. 146. Piper portulacoides, Lamk. Ill. 82; Vahl Enum.i. 9350. P. trifolium, Herb. Willd. TRAVANCORE mountains; at Courtallam, Wight.—DiıstRIB. Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, Seychelles. . Stem erect from a creeping base, sometimes as thick as a swan's quill, leafy. Leaves all opposite, 1-2 in. long, very variable in width and thickness, very succulent ; petiole j-3 in. Spikes 1-2 in., axillary and terminal. Var. courtallensis ; smaller, leaves narrower. P. courtallensis, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 594; Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 463. Courtallam, Wight.—! see no material difference between this and P. portulacoides; and they inhabit the same locality. , 8 P. confusa, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, stem and branches diffuse creeping and rooting, leaves subsessile succulent opposite and 3-nately whorled oblong obtuse 3-nerved narrowed at the base, spikes axillary 4? terminal panicled stout erect more or less thickened upwards. P. courtal- — — HUÓ uu» ee ME : Peperomia. | CXXIV. PIPERACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 99 lensis, Thwaites Enum. 292, and Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 463 (not of Miquel). CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3-5000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites (C. P. 2173). Stems 6-10 in. long, diffusely branched, as thick as a crow-quill, naked below, Tooting at the distant nodes. Leaves 3-1 in., narrowed into a very short petiole. Spikes 3-% in., stoutly peduncled, obtuse.— This is the P. courtallensis of Cas. DC., Who cites Miquel, but omits the Continental Indian localities where P. courtallensis Proper alone is found, and the number (831) which he quotes is of Gardner’s (not Thwaites’) collection. This differs from P. portulacoides in habit, and the form of the subsessile leaves, and the spikes. 9. P. Heyneana, Mig. Syst. Pip. 123; quite glabrous, stem diffusely branched creeping and rooting, leaves opposite and 3-4-nately whorled petioled linear- or obovate-oblong obcuneate or obcordate rarely orbicular 3-nerved, spikes slender axillar terminal and panicled, Cas. DC. in Prodr. Xvi. 1. 453. Piper oblongum, Wall. Cat. 6663 C? SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 3500 ft., Strachey & Winter- bottom, to Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. Patkoye Mts. in UPPER Assam, Griffith. A small prostrate tufted very variable species. Stem 4-10 in. long, rather slender. Leaves 3-1} in. long, thinly fleshy, drying green; petiole 4-3 in. Spikes 4-1} in. —It is unfortunate that Miquel should have attached the name of Heyne to a species Which Heyne never saw, and which grows very far from the region which that author rendered botanically classical. 10. P. reflexa, 4. Dietr. Sp. Pl. i. 180; stem pubescent stout densely "branched and tufted leafy, leaves.sessile or shortly petioled coriaceous nately whorled orbicular or nearly so 3-nerved pubescent beneath or gla- rate, spikes solitary axillary and terminal stout much exceeding the leaves. - it: Syst. Pip. 169, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 426, Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 6, and in Mart. Fl. Bras. iv. 17; Wight Ic. t. 1933. P. reflexa, vars. | t. Berlandieri & n. parviflora, Cas. DC. in Prodr. xvi. 1. 452. Piper saxa- Suo Wall. Cat. 6604. P. pusillum, Blume in Verh. Bat. Nat. Genoots. x1. 2, f. 37. Micropiper pusillum, Mig. Comm. Phyt. t. 5. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal, alt. 4-6000 ft., Edgeworth, to Sikkim, Tending to 7000 ft., and to UPPER Assam, Griffith. Kasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. AVANCORE, at Courtallam, Wight. CEYLON, Central Province, ascending to .— DISTRIB. Malay Islands, China, Australia, Africa, America. — . Stem or branches 3-10 in., rooting at the lower nodes, lower as thick as a goose- quill in Courtallam specimens, which are nearly glabrous, more slender in others. maed very uniform, rarely opposite or 6-nate, j in. long, rarely more, sometimes store? lower shortly petioled, wrinkled and yellowish when dry. Spikes }-1} in., utly pedicelled, obtuse, Order CXXV. CHLORANTHACEJE. Herbs shrubs or trees, usually aromatic. Leaves opposite, usually toothed, petioles often connate and Forming a sheath ; stipules small, subu- la Powers in terminal or pseudo-axillary spikes, heads or Po th Y Sexual (one of each sex sometimes cohering). Fu. d. Perianth 0. thamens l or 3 connate, filaments very short and thick; anthers 2-celled, or ? latera] when 3 are connate l-celled. FL. 9. Perianth 0, or adnate to the | Ovary, with a 3-toothed limb. Ovary 1-celled; style very short linear or Subclavate or 0 the top of the cavity. ; ovule 1, orthot , pendulous from the top of ap ‘pe small ovoid or globose. ‘Sood pondulous, testa membranous, albumen Plous fleshy ; embryo minute, far from the hilum, cotyledons diverging, Hi 100 CXXV. CHLORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [CAloranthus. radicle inferior —Genera 3, species 25, tropical and subtropical (not African). The above character does not embrace the anomalous genus Circeaster which is appended to the Order. CHLORANTIEUS, Swartz. Perennial herbs, or shrubs. Flowers in terminal simple or panicled spikes, connate ¢ and Q9 in pairs. Stamens 1, or 3 confluent ; central anther 2-celled, lateral anthers l-celled. Ovary naked; stigma subsessile, truncate.—Species 8, Eastern Asiatic. 1. C. officinalis, Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. 79; Fl. Jav. iii. 10, t. 1; leaves subsessile elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate finely gland-ser- rulate, anthers 3 connate by their connective. Solms in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, 474; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.i.1. 804. C. elatior, Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2190. C. erectus, Sweet ; Wall. Cat. 6881. Cryphea erecta, Ham. in Brewst. Ed. Journ. 1825, 11, t. 2. EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, in hot valleys, J. D.H. BuoraN, Clarke, ASSAM, SILHET and the KrasrA Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft., Wallich,.&c., and southward to PENANG, the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, and Maracca, Maingay.—DisrRIB. Yunan, Malay Archipelago, Philippine Islands. An evergreen erect undershrub, 1-3 ft., quite glabrous and shining. Leaves very variable in size and breadth, subsessile, from 3 by 1 in. to 10 by 4 in.; petiole i-i in. Spikes 1-2 in., in panicles 2-5 in. long ; flowers minute, distant. Berries 1 in. diam., white. 2. C. brachystachyus, Blume Fl. Jav. fasc. viii. 13, 14, t. 2; leaves shortly petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate coarsely callously serrate, anthers solitary 4-celled. Solms in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 475; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2.801, and Ann. Mus. Lugd. Ind. Bat. iii. 129. C. monandets Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2190 in note. C. ceylanicus, Mig. l. c. 802. C. denti- culatus, Cord. in Adaus iii. 296. Ascarina serrata, Bl. En. Fl. Jav. i. 79. Sarcandra chloranthoides, Garda. in Cale, Journ, Nat. Hist. viii. 948; Wight Ic. t. 1946; Cord. l. c. 301. KnasIA Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., Jenkins, &c.—TRAVANCORE; on the Pulney Mts.» Wight. Penance, Porter, Wallich, Maingay. CEYLON; Central Province, alt 3-5000 ft., Walker, &c.— DISTRIB. China, Philippine Islands, Japan. Habit of C. officinalis, but taller and more woody, with deeply serrate leaves and red berries. ny UNDETERMINABLE AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. C. GRANDIFOLIUS, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.i. 1. 802; Solms in DC. Prodr. xvi» 1 477 ; “ branches warted, leaves petioled membranous 7-8 in. long, obversely oblong acuminate remotely callously mucronate-serrate base acute or subcuneate, nerves 8-10 erecto-patent, petiole 4-3 in., spikes brachiate subopposite or alternate, bract ovate boat-shaped tip subcallous. Herb. Wight, n. 878.’—I can form no guess 85 to what this is, having found nothing corresponding to the description in Wight's Herbarium, C. iNcoNsPICUUS, Swartz in Phil. Trans. Ixviii. 359, t. 15; Solms l.c. 414 C. indicus, Wight Ic. t. 1915.— The specimens of this from which Wight's published drawing was made are in his Herbarium, but without locality, nor is any lócality given with his description in the Icones; they are no doubt from China. ANOMALOUS GENUS. CIRCIEASTER, Marim. A small, inconspicuous, very slender annual, with a simple filiform : Cireeaster.] CXXV. CHLORANTHACEEX, (J. D. Hooker.) | 101 erect stem, bearing at the top a whorled fascicle of leaves and many axillary few-fld. short peduncles. Leaves membranous, rhomboidly spathulate, cuneate and quite entire below the middle, above it semicircular and toothed. lowers minute, 2-sexual or female. Sepals 2-3, minute, scale-like, per- sistent. Petals 0. Stamens 1-2, alternate with the sepals, persistent, filaments linear flattened ; anther subglobose, cells rather diverging, opening laterally - Carpels 1-4, free, linear-oblong, 1-celled ; stigma sessile, oblique ; ovule pendulous from the top of the cell. Ripe carpels oblong, terete, Drs carp membranous, narrowed at the base, sparsely clothed with hooked rislles. Seed oblong, testa membranous adherent to the hard fleshy albumen; embryo in the axis of the albumen terete, cotyledons linear, radicle Superior, A S agrestis, Mazim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. xxvii. 556; Mel. Biol. Xi. 345. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 8000 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom, Duthie. —Disrere. W. China. 1 Stem 3-5 in. ending in fibrous roots. Leaves very many in a solitary false whorl, formed of crowded pairs, pale green, narrowed into a broad petiole and to- gether with it 1-1} in. long, nerves flabellate ; immediately below the whorl of leaves ae two linear l.nerved ones, which are the primordial leaves. Pedicels shorter than the petioles, very slender. Sepals J, in. long, ovate-oblong. Stamens twice as long, ipe carpels cylindric, 4 in long, green, tip acute.—A very obscure plant, o doubtful or indeed unknown affinity, but regarded by Bentham as near Chore occurs in fields in W, China, and in Kumaon on mossy rocks in woods, &c. re hooked bristles on the carpels are such aids to dispersion that it may be supposed common, though so inconspicuous as to be overlooked. OrpER CXXVI. MYRISTICEE. Evergreen trees, often llately tomentose. Leaves alternate, quite entire, exstipulate, often pellucid-puactate Flowers dioœcious, , small, we nlar, fascicled umbelled or panicled; bracteoles persistent or c more, ALE FL. Perianth 3-(2-4-)lobed, valvate in bud. Anthers 3 m res panate in a sessile or stipitate column head ring or disk, 2-celled. 1 cell d; erianth of the male. Staminodes0. Ovary superior, free, sessile, ce e d Jie short or 0; stigma capitate discoid or lobed; ovule 1, basal, do d #natropous, Fruit fleshy, at length 2- rarely 4-valved. Seed erect, ene-0se m a thin or, fleshy entire or lacerate often highly coloured aril, testa cobv- *ous, albumen hard densely ruminate ; embryo basal, small, oy bout PP UDded spreading often wrinkled, radicle short inferior an ] Tropica East Asiatic, Malayan and American; a few Air , Australian. i If, situs to the publication of the “ Flora Indica” of Dr. Thomson and myself, iw pritish Indian Nutmege were known only through the named but undescribed mens distributed by Wallich; for the species contained in Roxburgh’s Flora are i Tor the. i inable by that moe post part from the Archipelago, and were quite undeterminab'e by e r 5 brief descriptions. Wallich’s types are therefore the foundation of me al incon, but then t ere are often several species under one name, ane mo doma from them i. à Condition, that it is impossible to draw up satisfactory desc NI is their imperf, 9ne, and very difficult to identify other collections by them. ability of the f liage tion the only obstacle ; more serious ones are, the excessive variabili E once and none individual species, throughout the genus, in size, form, texture, P ken at differe mber o nerves; and the alterations in all these characters in leeres taen il. able 2 Stages of growth of the same tree. The only other Indian collectio: Md T the “ Flora Indica » were Griffith’s, and these were assiduously compa 102 CXXVI. MYRISTICEE. (J. D. Hooker.) with Wallich's in the endeavour to unravel the intricacies of the genus and limit its species. The arrival of Maingay's splendid Malay Peninsular Herbarium, and his notes on this genus, have enabled me in the present work to correct several erroneous determinations of the “ Flora Indica,” and to approach nearer to a satisfactory de- scription of the species ; but muclí still remains to be done, which can only be accom- plished by a study of living specimens at different times of the year. For every species, flowers of both sexes and ripe fruit are all absolutely necessary for its pp limitation, and the knowledge of its affinities, as well as for establishing sections 0 the genus. Hitherto for the latter purpose most importance has been given to the structure of the staminal column, which from its minuteness (in most of the species) is difficult of analysis, in dried specimens especially; and I am inclined to think that this organ is. more variable than has been supposed, and that some sections founded on it by Alph. De Candolle and others must be abandoned. In the following descrip- tions, that of the colour of the foliage applies only to dried specimens. This genus affords a fine field for study, but to do this effectually requires a careful comparison of the materials in the Herbaria of Holland, Florence, and Kew. Until this is done, it will be impossible to say which of many of the Indian species are natives of the Malay Archipelago. MYRISTICA, Linz. Character of the Order. Sect. I. Eumyristica. Male flowers racemed or panicled ; perianth with a persistent scale-like bracteole at its base. Anthers elongate, firmly connate in a shortly stipitate or sessile column. M. fragrans, Houtt. Hist. Nat. ii. 3. 233; glabrous, leaves 3-93 1n. elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves about pair slender, flowers bracteolate males in lax slender supra-axillary racemes. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1.189; Blume Rumph. 180, t. 55; Miquel FT. Ind. Bat. i. 2.53; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl.iii.t.218. M. officinalis, Linn. f. Suppl. 265; Gertn. Fruct. i. 194, t. 41 (excl. syn. Rumph.); Hook Exot. Bot. t. 155, 156, and Bot. Mag. t. 2756, 2757; Spach Suites Buff. X. 143. M. moschata, Thunb.; Wall. Cat. 6785; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 843; Reichb. lc. Exot. t. 276,277; Woodv. Med. Bot. iv. t. 938; Hayne Arnz. Gewachs. iX. t. 12; Nees Pl. Med. t. 133; Guimp. & Schl. t. 73, 74. M. aromatica, Lamk. in Act. Par. 1788, 155, t. 5-7, and Ill. Gen. t. 832; Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 267.— Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. 14, t. 4. Cultivated in the MALAYAN PENINSULA, PENANG and the Marav ISLANDS; —native of the Eastern. Moluccas. A lofty tree; branches slender. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes oblanceolate, and tip caudate, base acute, pale yellow brown, paler with red-brown nerves beneath ; petiole 1-1 in. - Male racemes 1-2 in.; flowers i in. long, ellipsoid or urceolate, nodding ; bracteole a scale under the glabrate perianth; anthers 9-12, connate in a cylindre stipitate column. Fruit ovoid, subglobose or pyriform, 14-2 in. long.—Alph. DC. describes the perianth as strigose with appressed hairs, but I find them to be nearly or quite glabrous; Blume says very sparsely strigose. 1. M. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 6798 A; glabrous, leaves 8-10 in. linear- oblong sulacute subglaucous beneath, nerves about 19 pair slender, male fl. in short axillary racemes bracteolate urceolate, fem. fl. few fascicled on short supra-axillary peduncles. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.169; Alph. DC. i^ Prodr. xiv. 1.190; ? Kurz For. Fl. ii. 282. Penang and SINGAPORE, Wallich. MaraccA, Mai Kew Distrib. 1296) ? Andaman Islands, Kurz. » Maingay (Kew Dis A tree; branches stout. Leaves very pale ; petiole 4-1 in, stout. Male perianth — ———— ÁÓ— 9 —M o Myristica.] CXXVI. MYRISTICEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 103 i : re elongate-urceolate or ellipsoid, 4 in. long, 3-toothed ; bracteole Plone. P rait st ie apiculate; fem. urceolate; ovary stipitate strigose, stigma "^ p 8 seen no Anda- long, oblong, glabrous; “aril blood-red laciniate," Maingay.— h Wallich’s plant in man specimens, and Kurz’s description is quite at variance with es 798 B» fracta the scurfy tomentose inflorescence (see M. andamanica). Wallich’s maximo " is doubtful. 2. P. laurifolia, Hook. f. § T. Fl. Ind. 163; Benen oe oe inflorescence, leaves 6-9 in. shortly petioled very oereee 19 30 air, male fl. -lanceolate obtuse or subacute glaucous beneath, nerves " mE ' axillar bracteolate tomentose densely crowded in a very s FL Sylv. t. 267. M. peduncle. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv.1.191; ? Beddome 4. dh. DC. Le. diospyrifolia, Alph. DC. l.c. M. tomentosa, Thwaites, fid. Alph. , in, from Deccan PENINSULA; on the Western Ghats from Canara to MET MUN ft., the plains up to 5000 ft., Beddome, &c. CEYLON, Central Province, alt. Walker, &c. os thi ery Branches moderately stout. Leaves variable, shining above with nae deere be dnd pale brown or whitish beneath, base acute rounded or cunea lont or less; flowers Very faint ; petiole 1-13. Peduncle very stout indeed, à k^ n P ilkily pubescent, ensely crowded, sessile or stoutly pedicelled, nearly } ‘eal der lant than any of shortly 3-lobed,— Beddome's figure represents a much more s he latter loosely clustered the specimens I have seen, with slender petioles and pedicels t le diam., globose, apicu- on an almost obsolete peduncle. Fruit in Beddome’s figure 2} nm. lacerate lobes, nearly te, with a deep longitudinal furrow ; aril deeply cut into Thwaites (not H. & T.), enclosing the seed.— Alph. De Candolle gives Jf. foweston name of Thwaites, and as à synonym of M. diospyrifolia, but I do not find tha as the plant is glabrous, I suspect some error of citation. stout, nerves very faint. S ar. lanceolata ; leaves lanceolate 6 by 1 in., petiole very. , iiid =». India, Beddome. : : iole more slender, Var, zeylanica. leaves linear-oblong obtuse 7-8 by 22 ie, sym. 29, and in pedicels longer, M, ceylanica, Alph. DC. in Ann. Sc. 399 — Ceylon, Thwaites.— odr. xiv. 1.190, M. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum, 11 and her Ceylon form of the dome’s figure more resembles this than it does the othe Species, which is identical with the peninsular Indian. : branous 3. M. andamanica, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves petiolod m "pois very elliptic-oblong subacute not glaucous beneath, nerves the branches very slender, male flowers in sessile or peduncled ones "bed staminal column Shortly pedicelled, bracteole large, perianth lobose: . xot of Wall.). oblong obtuse. gar elliptica, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 282 (n ANDamay I ; b. Hort. Bot. Calcutta. al . Leaves almost anches slender, quite ghb on youngest shoots rustily, neg a acute, nerves wcMbranous, 3 4 in, diam., pale brown when dry on both mailo or on a thick 3-6 fid. pela dihg ; petiole 3-14 in, sender. Clusters of flowers sessi rianth quite glabrous uncle 4-4 in, long ; pedicel jin, stout, rather scurfy; pe but approaches “nd smooth, 4-4 in. diam — Apparently a very distinct species, malabarica. 7 Ri . ] abrous, bove malabarica, Lamk. in Act. Par. 178 sear oblong or elliptic. OWering branches slender, leaves 4-8 by 14-4 314 pair, male fl. in sub- : or, perianth glo- nicles bracteolate, peduncles aud pedicels ane Rumph. 1. 986, anthers 10-15, fruit narrowly oblong pnbcace, de 1.195; Dalz. & 185; Hook. f. T p] Ind.163; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. S ah. Cat. Gibs, Bomb. yy. 4; Beddome Fi. Sylv. t. 269. ? M. med 6786 (hardly of ese) Cot H. f. & T). M. dactyloides, P oct Mal. iv. t. 5 * : M. notha, Wall. Cat. 6787.— Rheede ` 104 — cxxvi. MYRISTICEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Myristica. AN, Canara and N. MALABAR, Heyne, &c. . . A tall foe. Leaves thinly coriaceous on the flowering branches, thick and leathery on the fruiting, more or less shining above, nerves very slender ; petiole 2-1 in tel panicles 1-1} in. axillary and supra-axillary ; peduncle naked below, subum! e "wd cymose above; bracteole an orbicular scale; perianth 2 in., puberulous, 3-to0 Pe ; anthers connate in a cylindric shortly stipitate column. Female panicles ew n flowers larger. Fruit 2 by 1 in., pubescent.—A fruiting specimen apparently o Pod species from Dalzell (marked amygdalina ?) has oblong leaves 10 by 4 in. and roun An at the base; the detached fruit accompanying it is, however, long and pubescent " i : Rheede’s and Beddome's figures of malabarica. On the other hand, fruits tha accompany Wight's Malabar specimens of malabarica are shorter broader and only 1} in. long. 5. M. malaccensis, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches rather slender, leaves 8-10 in. linear-oblong acute or acuminate, nerves 15-20 pair slender, male fl. in subeymose fascicles bracteolate subglobose, anthers about 7. Mazacoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1305). Habit of M. malabarica, but leaves longer, usually rounded at the base but sometimes acute, petiole rather short j-j in., panicle longer 3-4 in., with ri numerous much smaller flowers 4, in. long, on slender rather longer pedicels. Periant 3-toothed ; anthers connate in a broad sessile column, tips acute.— The probable fruiting state of this, according to Dr. Maingay’s Herbarium notes (Kew Distrib. 1304) in specimens of which the leaves 6 in. long are elliptic-oblong obtuse very leathery acute at the base with a very stout petiole, * Fruit subglobose 14 by lj in. glabrous, pale-yellowish ; pericarp thick, fleshy, 43-75 in. thick; aril complete, slightly lobed at the tip, clear reddish orange, testa slightly crustaceous pale brown.” 6. M. magnifica, Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 268; young parts clothed with golden pubescence, leaves 10-24 in. thickly coriaceous linear-oblong acute or acuminate densely stellately tomentose beneath glabrate in age, nerves 20- 26 pairs, male flowers tomentose deuse crowded on very short stout axillary peduncles bracteolate, fruit large oblong. Sovru TRAVANCORE; in the plains, Beddome. . An immense gregarious tree, 100 feet high, described by Beddome as having buttressed trunks, most like M. laurifolia, but different looking, with different pubescence venation and antheriferous column, and a larger fruit. Except in the much larger size and pubescence, I see no difference between this and laurifolia. The specimen communicated by Beddome, and which he says was pronounced at Kew to be M. malabarica, consists of a single leaf 20 by 6 in., with 20 pairs of nerves, and a very stout petiole and midrib; it is perfectly glabrous, presents no definite character but size and corresponding number of nerves ; both the texture, colour and nervation occur in leaves of M. laurifolia aud malabarica. 7. M. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches stout black, shoots and inflo- rescence rusty-tomentose, leaves 7-10 in. linear-oblong acute or acuminate glabrous, nerves 14-18 pairs, male panicles axillary and. supra-axillary; peduncle and pedicels short very stout, perianth bracteolate ovoid, column of anthers slender acute. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1289). A lofty tree. Branches much angled by the contraction of the bark in longitu- dinal ridges. Leaves very coriaceous, 2-24 in. broad, pale brown, nerves slender, base acute or rounded ; petiole 1 in. Male panicles decurved, 8-10-fld. ; peduncle compressed; pedicels about i in. ; perianth as long, broadly ovoid ; bracts caducous ; bracteole broad half as long as the perianth; anthers 9, stipes very short, pubescent. — Approaches M. hyposticta, Miquel, of Java, but the stout branches with black bark and very coriaceous leaves not glaucous beneath appear to distinguish it. Myristica.] CXXVI. MYRISTICEÆ®. (J. D. Hooker.) 105 Sect. II. Pyrrhosa, Blume (Irya, H. f. & T., Horsfieldia & Gymna- cranthera, Alph. DC.). Male flowers ebracteolate (bracteoles fugacious) generally minute, in many-fld. compound panicles (or paniculate heads in - Horsfieldii). Anthers combined in a fleshy oblong turbinate spherical or 3-gonous sessile (rarely stipitate) column or cup. * Anthers roduced to the base of the column, closely combined through- out their length (not separable), or the tips alone free. T Panicles more or less tomentose. 8. M. superba, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 162; branchlets leaves beneath and panicles scurfily rusty-tomentose, leaves 12-18 in. elliptic- nceolate or oblanceolate, nerves 25-30 pair, male panicles robust, perianth glabrous, staminal column subsessile solid ovoid obtuse, anthers 10. Alph. C. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 194. Penang, Fhillips. l Branches stout. Leaves coriaceous, 4-8 in. broad, bright red brown, and loose rA ately tomentose beneath; nerves firm, nearly straight; petiole 4 in. soid, Panicles in the axils of fallen leaves, 4-6 in. long; perianth jin. long, ellipsoid, obtuse, 3-4-toothed ; pedicel as long, very stout ; anthers closely confluent to their tips in a subsessile column not apiculate. Female fl. and fruit unknown. 9. M. Murtoni, Hook. f.; branchlets young leaves beneath and panicles rustily tomentose, leaves 10-12 in. oblong very coriaceous glaucous neath, base rounded or cordate, nerves 20-30 pair slender spreading, uis fl. 4 in, long broadly ovoid in short stout dense-fld. panicles ver shortly Peticelled, stamina] column fusiform sessile, anthers with the tips free. SINGAPORE, H. J. M ^ ranches very stout. uv 3-5 in. broad, brown and shining above, old quite í rous beneath ; petiole 3-3 in., very stout, glabrous. Male panicles 1-2 "i pd ; Owers densely crowded, perianth lobed 3-way down ; anthers slightly twisted. | the iix aruit unknown.—This appears to be nearest to M. superba, differing in ^^ smaller flowers and fewer anthers with free tips. l 10. sr, tomentosa, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 161; pranchiets “aves beneath and panicles softly rusty-tomentose, leaves 5-12 in. e pun wate” lanceolate or oblanceolate at length glabrate, nerves . Pte, è, panicles robust, perianth 4 in. diam. globose Erro dn Prodr. xiv. 1. 9l Column sessile turbinate solid top depressed. Alph. DC. in . e anches Stout, bark grey. Leaves 2-2} in. broad, thinly coriaceons, duil bova like th right red-brown beneath; base acute or cuneate; petiole } in. à M uf rianth 3-4.e] ^" of M, Wallichii, but not so long and stout ; pedicels slen e s P ire. A sa t, ghibrons ; anthers about 15, quite confluent; tips incurved pallor staminal coly t plant, entirely resembles this, except in that it has a much T the characters drawn Sag only about 10 anthers. I greatly doubt the constancy o om the number of anthers in this genus. ll, wr, Walli oms. Fl. Ind. 161; shoots ashy ores 8-12 in: oblong or lerrgblong acute or acuminate glabrous Very stongly rusty-tomentose beneath, nerves 20-25 pair, abr Ln sta- minal ut Tusty-pubescent, perianth j, in. diam. subsessile gla pe ed Column a depressed 3-gonous 3-lobed fleshy sessile cup with incurv 106 CXXVI. MYRISTICE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Myristica. anther-cells. Alph. DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 203. M. Horsfieldii, Blume ? Wall Cat. 6806, in part. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1284). SINGAPORE, Wallich, Lobb, Maingay (M. crassifolia, Kew Distrib. 1283). A tall tree, branches robust. Leaves 2-3} in. broad, very coriaceous, dull brown above, red brown beneath, nerves spreading; petiole 1-1} in., often stout. „Male panicles axillary and from the axils of fallen leaves, branched from the base which is often as thick as the petiole, branches stout ; flowers pedicelled, thickly coriaceous, 1n globose clusters of 8-10, 3-4-cleft; anthers 10-12 (24-27 cells ?, Maingay), forming a low obconic 3-gonous fleshy column of firmly united cells. Female panicles short ; fruit (unripe) very shortly and stoutly pedicelled.— This species, which is probably a variety of M. tomentosa, was founded on the young fruit and leaves of one of a mixed lot of species comprised under Wallieh's No. 6806, of which he says “ forsan due species mixtz." There are two sheets of specimens under this number ; one contains the fruiting specimens taken up as Wallichii, together with a panicle of male fl. of M. crassifolia; the other contains scraps of M. polyspherula and M. crassifolia. 12. M. Kingii, Hook. f.; leaves 8-10 in. long-petioled obovate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate thinly coriaceous quite glabrous not glaucous beneath, nerves 15-20 pair very slender, panicles 4—6 in. sparsely rusty-tomentose flowers pedicelled, male perianth globose $ in. diam. 3-4 cleft, staminal column sessile depressed-globose top concave, anthers firmly united with incurved tips. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; near Sivoke, alt. 10,000 ft., King. ? Assam, Masters in Herb, Caleutt. Branches very stout with rough bark and large scars of fallen leaves. Leaves 31-5 in. broad, pale brown on both surfaces when dry, nerves spreading; petiole 1-1} in. Panicles rather stout, from the axils of fallen leaves, much and loosely branched, flowers not very crowded; pedicels short stout. Perianth thick. Staminal column small; anthers about 20 ?.—This differs from M. glabra, to which it is per- haps too closely allied, in the pubescent panicle, longer petiole, larger leaves with more numerous veins and stouter panicles and pedicels, larget perianth and small depressed staminal column. The Assam specimens are of leaves only, 12-18 in. long by 5-7 broad. 13. M. Horsfieldii, Blume Bijd.577, and Rumph. i. 192; leaves very coriaceous 8-12 in, oblong or elliptic-oblong rusty-tomentose beneath at length glabrate, nerves 16-30 pair very strong, male panicles rusty-tomen- tose, flowers sessile in dense globose heads, perianth jj in. long clavate angled 3—4-toothed, anthers 6 confluent in a clavate sessile column de- pressed at the top. Hook. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 164; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 200; Bedd. For. Man. 176. M. Iryadghedhi, Gertn. Fruct. i. 196, t. 41, f. 4, ezcl. syn. M. ferruginea, Wall. Cat. 6803. Pyrrhosa Hors- fieldii, Wight Ic. t. 1857. Horsfieldia odorata, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 872. CEYLON; in the Ambagamowa and Rat distri a ar (cult. ?)s Waillich—Disrerp, Cult. in Java, napoora districts, SINGAPORE (ew A tall tree, branches very stout, densely woolly, at length glabrate. Leaves 21-4 in. diam., pale bright-brown above, rufous at first beneath, or red brown; . petiole very stout, 4-1 in. Male panicies 3-6 in., rachis and branches very stout; heads of flowers 4-} in. diam., quite globose; perianths subsessile, compacted, glabrous, hardly pedicelled ; bracteoles orbicular, retained amongst the flowers but caducous, densely woolly outside; anthers quite confluent to the tips. Female panicles short, few-fld., ovary tomentose. Fruit shortly stoutly peduncled, ovoid, 1 in. long, rusty-tomentose ; aril fleshy, entire. ** Panicles glabrous. 14. M. amygdalina, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 79, t. 90, and Cat. 6797; ——— ETERNA, o Myristica.] CXXVI. MYRISTICEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 107 glabrous, leaves 6-8 in. elliptic-lanceolate acute at both ends, nerves 8-12 pair, male panicles much branched, perianths 4, in. diam. globose 2-3-fid, staminal column cupular subglobose, anthers firmly united, fruit ellipsoid, aril nearly entire Yellow. Hook. f. § Thoms. Fl. Ind. 160; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 203; ? Kurz For. Fl. ii. 283. M. exaltata, Wall. Cat 6804 B ?. TzNAssERIM ; at Tavoy and Moulmein, Wallich. . À tall perfectly glabrous tree. Leaves 11-2 in. diam., coriaceous, pale brown on th surfaces, narrowed into a petiole 3 in. long. Male panicles, from the axils of fallen leaves, 3-5 in. long and nearly as broad, branched from the base, quite glabrous ; flowers loosely clustered, pedicels as long as the perianth, slender ; staminal column globosely trigonous, fleshy, concave ; authers about 8, wholly combined. Fruit shortly peduncled, 14 in. long; pericarp rather thin, glabrous; aril yellow, lacerate at the tip only.—This species again was founded on fruiting specimens of Wallich’s, but I think there is no doubt that his M. exaltata, B ?, from the same country is the same in male flowering state. In the“ Flora Indica " there are united with it two very mnm laccan plants, which have, however, quite different stamens (one is M. polyspherula, the other perhaps the same). I am in doubt as to Kurz's M. amygdalina; his description agrees with that here described except in that the leaves pave 12-19 pars 9f nerves and the panicles are supra-axillary. A plant of Helfer's differs only in with d more anthers and rather larger flowers, tending to unite the following 1 lis, | 15-M. glabra, Blume Bijd. 575, and Rumphia i. 191, t. 64, fig. 1; quite glabrous, leaves 9-8 in. elliptic-lanceolate or oblong obtuse xum i acuminate, base acute, nerves 7-14 pair, male panicle much branched, Perianths }-}, in. diam. ovoidly globose 2-4-cleft glabrous, stamina column oblong or turbinate, anthers firmly united tips incurved or Lon t oblong or ellipsoid, aril thin scarlet. Hook. f. 4 Thoms. Ft. ind. 161; 4754. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1.202. M. integra and M. floribunda, Wall, . Cat. 6799, 6805. ads Stzuxr, Wallich, J. D H. & T.T. ?TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4358). TA GATORE, Wallich, Murton. Sarason, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1286).—DISTRIB. Leaves coriaceous, not glaucous beneath, rather pale brown, very variable in size and apex, but base always acute and petiole short, hardly exceeding 3 ie > Eres Poe 2-6 in., quite glabrous, branched from the base; peduncles “5 th tips vender, Staminal column variable in length, top rounded; anthers 12-15, d e p meeting in a concavity or not. Fruit broadly oblong or ellipsoid, 1 in. long, deeply on one side towards the base; valves thick. I doubt this peing 1 Silhet sing ‘imygdalina, Helfer's specimens bave much smaller flowers than the °S, and more numerous anthers. 16. M. bivaly . quite glabrous, leaves 7-10 in. linear- oblong obtusely newmnigain ook. Jf 31 5120 pair, male panicles much branched os anths 1 in, diam. broader than long transversely 2-valved, s ons tae a laterally compressed 2-fid fleshy cup clothed with nume *eply inflexed anthers. SINGAPORE ; in jungles behi i Murton. 3 behind the Botanical Gardens, M à . EE. bushy tree, 30 40 ft. high, bark grey. Leaves 2-24 in. Tam darker brown anie pale not glaucous beneath; nerves very spreading; peto ed aly Oblong, We glabrous; perianths the largest of the group, turgi ; transverse’ WP, pedicel as long as the valves; anther column an obconic compre QN end "UD. or rather a eup formed of the firmly united anther-cells, M : mE Rorber m two inflexed opposite flaps, tips of the cells not free.—A p ant dies 8 Herbarium resembles this closely, but the leaves are more mem 108 CXXVI. MYRISTICE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Myristica. with more oblique nerves, and the inflexed anthers are confined to the upper part of an obconie stipes, as in Zrya, It is probably one of the species described by Roxburgh in terms too brief to be of any use in identifying the plants intended. ** Anthers produced to the base of the column or not, cells more or less free, easily separable. 17. M. Farqubariana, Wall. Cat. 6795; glabrous except the panicle, leaves 5-10 in. oblong or linear- or elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate usually very glaucous beneath, nerves 8-20 pair, male panicles spreading, perianth bell-shaped 3-fid pubescent within, staminal column sessile, anthers free above, tips erect acute. Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 162; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 200; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 270. M. pant culata, Alph. DO. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, iv. 31, and in Prodr. l. c. DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Concan to Wynaad and Tinnevelly, ascending the Ghats to 2000 ft. MALACCA, PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4355), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1290, 1293, ?1302).—DisrRis. Philippine Islands. A tall tree, young parts pubescent; branches stout, grey. Leaves extremely variable in size, form and texture, nerves faint or strong; petiole i-i in. Male panicles 3-8 in., rather slender, branched from the base; flowers fascicled, perianth 4 in.; anthers 7-11, narrow, connectives attached behind and from the base to about the middle only, so that the anthers are easily detached by dissection. Female panicles 6-10-üd. Fruit 1-1} in., subglobose, glabrous, aril lacerate.— This species is founded on Wallich’s Singapore fruiting specimen ; the identity in foliage of those and a Malaccan plant of Griffith with small flowers suggested their union in the ** Flora Indica." As stated under M. Griffithii, there are specimens of that plant as like Wallich's type in foliage, In the “Flora Indica” the anthers are described as having involute tips, but this is not the case. Alph. DC. separates the Malayan specimens from the Deccan ones on characters taken from the foliage, but the leaves vary greatly in both countries, and identical forms are common to both. 18. M. crassifolia, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 160; nearly gla- brous, leaves 8-12 in. thickly coriaceous oblong obtuse or acute, base rounded or cuneate, nerves 12-15 pair, male panicle sparsely rusty- pubescent, perianth 4, in. glabrous usually 2-fid, anthers 3-5 in a depressed ring, cells separable. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 204. M. Horsfieldia, Blume P, Wall. Cat. 6806, in part. M. Irya, var. crassifolia, Miquel in erb. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4550). SINGAPORE, Wallich, Anderson.— DistriB. Borneo. Branches very robust. Leaves 8-44 in. diam., grey-brown above, red-brown be- neath, nerves slendér ; petiole 2-1 in., very stout. Male panicle 3-4 in., branched from near the base; flowers elustered, globose; anther-cells 6-10, slightly cohering by their backs, sessile, tips free, hardly incurved. 19. M. polyspherula, Hook. f.; glabrous except the panicle, leaves 6-10 in. linear-oblong or lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, nerves 8-16 pair base rounded or acute, male panicle rusty-tomentose, perianth globose i i 1 1 lls x iu. diam. glabrous 2—4-cleft, anthers 4-6 in a depressed column, cel! separable. M. globularia, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 160; Alph. DC. ^ Pradr. xiv. 1. 202 (not of Blume). M. Horsfeldia, Blume?, Wall. Cat. 68006, in part. SINGAPORE, Wallick. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4351 amygdalina, and 4352 globularia); Maingay (Kew Distrib. 2286, glabra). Branches stout, shoots slightly scurfy, bark grey. Leaves rarely 2 in. broad, AMyristica.] CXXVI. MYRISTICEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 109 coriaceous, greenish grey above, brown beneath; nerves slender, nearly horizontal ; petiole 4-4 in., stout. Male panicles 3-3} in., branching from near the base, flowers pedicelled, glabrous, yellow, black when dry; anthers in a sessile broadly obconic trigonous truncate mass, anther-cells incurved and meeting in a tricrural line.— Pecimens of M. globularia from Amboyna show that this was erroneously referred tothat plant in * Flora Indica.” From M. amygdalina, with which it was confounded in “ Flora Indica,” the stamens at once distinguish it. 90. M. Griffithii, Hook. f.; glabrous except the finely pubescent panicles and flowers, leaves 5-6 in. linear-lanceolate finely acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, base acute, nerves 8-10 pair very faint, male E slender, perianth globose j, in. diam. 2-3-cleft, anthers 8 in a glo- se sessile mass, cells separable. ao ATACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4356). SINGAPORE, Maingay (Kew Distrib. aves 13-13 in. broad, very coriaceous (smaller in Maingay’s specimens), and 24-3 by 1-1} 4 pale brown above, very o ln ecous beneath with a reddish midrib ; petiole in. Male panicle narrow, rachis and distant branches very slender, naked i ow; flowers clustered, pedicel slender; anthers easily separable, curved, attached y the back with free tips and sides; cells confluent. Fruit “ racemed, size of a l Try, pedicel } in., pericarp thick with a deep longitudinal furrow ; aril white, as UE 35 the seed,” Grigith mss.—In Maingay’s specimens fruit “elliptic or sub- E ł in. long dirty orange minutely scurfy, aril complete pinkish convolute Acerate at the tip," M aingay mss. I cannot be certain of Maingay’s and Griffith's hi ts being conspecific; their foliage is identical, but this is all undistinguishable tom states of M, Farquhariana, l "E M. Irya, Gertn. Fruct. i. 195, t. 41; leaves 6-10 in. linear- or e tic-oblong acuminate glabrous, nerves 12-20 pair slender, perianth a 8e p in. diam. glabrous 2-3.cleft, anthers 6-8 free in a ring crowning an nie receptacle, fruit panicled globose. Hook. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 159; » Ph. DC. in Prodr. xiv, 1. 202; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat.i.2. 64; Beddome brest. Man, 176. M. javanica, Blume Bijd. 576, and Rumph. i. 190, t. 62. y. pterocarpa, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 79, t. 89, and Cat. 6796. M. exaltata, all. Cat, 6804, in part. (K TrxassxnrM, Wallich. SOUTE ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. MALACCA, Griffith oe Distrib, 4357), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1291, 1292). CEYLON, not uncommon. LD. Sumatra, J ava, Borneo. i k tree, buds ashy. Leaves 2-8 in. broad, membranous at length coriaceous, a pani] OV lighter beneath, base rounded cuneate or acute; petiole j in. di m. glabro s in., very many-fld.; fem. shorter, perianths larger. Fruit l “lob sec With e pericarp coriaceous ; aril thin, entire, yellow or reddish, seed glo ly the | the habit inflorescence and minute flowers of Sect. Pyrrhosa, this has nearly the column ofa Knema, Sect. TIT. 3x. : f a short stout "iH. Knema. Male flowers fascicled on the top ot a s 3 Pedunele or tubercle ; pedicels sith a persistent bracteole about'the middle u , : peltan oe, lower in M. Cantleyana). Anthers short, in a whorl round a 22, M Hookeri ; hlets very stout . ana, Wall. Cat. 6802 A; branc at ls beneath and panicle most densely flocculent and woolly, leaves r2 ft. wands glabrate and glaucous beneath linear-oblong or narrowed a i dg 7 tase or acute, petiole short thick, nerves 20-30 pair, EX y anther, ID: densely clustered on a short peduncle or tubercle 3-cle 4 Hook bout 20 on the margin of a long-stipitate orbicular peltate disk. "ef: § Thoms, Fl. Ind. 156 ; Alph. DO. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 204. 110 CXXVI. MYRISTICEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Myristica. PENANG, Wallich, Porter, MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1279). Branches as thick as the fore-finger; wool tawny, À in. thick, flocculent. Leaves . very variable in breadth, narrowest 12 by 24 in., broadest 24 by 8 in., thickly coriaceous, pale brown and shining above, wool on under-surface deciduous in large flukes leaving the surface perfectly glabrous, Male fl. “crimson within,” Maingay ; pedicels }-1 in. long, with a persistent bracteole about the middle; stamens pale rose, filaments very short, anthers deflexed ; fem..fl. not seen. Ovary “rusty tomentose ; stigma subsessile, disciform, concave, crenate-serrate," Maingay. Fruit 23 in. long. ellipsoid, most densely woolly, perianth very thick; aril fleshy, lobed. —Wallich’s 6802 B, without flower or fruit, is probably Laurineous. . 23. M. Cantleyi, Hook. f.; branchlets robust and petioles and young leaves and inflorescence densely rusty-tomentose, leaves 9-12 in. oblong or linear-oblong coriaceous glaucous beneath, nerves 20-30 pair strong, male fl. clustered on a tubercle shortly stoutly pedicelled, perianth bracteolate at the base 3-fid, anthers 6-8 on the margin of a stoutly clavately stipitate small isk. SINGAPORE, N. Cantley. Branches stout with pale bark. Leaves 3-5 in. diam., dark brown above, young clothed with flocculent rusty fugacious wool which is more persistent on the midrib above, beneath finely pubescent (probably glabrate in age); petiole very short, stout. Male fi. $-} in. diam., with the pedicels 3-3 in. long ; bracteole orbicular, appresse to the perianth; perianth-lobes short; staminal columm small, anthers short sessile separate. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.—This appears to be most nearly allied to M. Hookeriana ; it differs from the other Indian species of this section in the bracteole being close under the periantb. 24. M. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6801; branches scurfy or glabrous, leaves 1-2 ft. linear or linear-oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse glabrous glaucous beneath base rounded cordate or acute, nerves 20-40 pair stout, male fl. clavate 1 in. diam. fascicled on a tubercle pedicelled 3-cleft, anthers 12-18 on the teeth of a long-stipitate circular disk, style long labrous, stigma small toothed. M. longifolia, in part, Hook. f. & Thoms. l. Ind. 156; Alph. DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 204; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 283. ? M- linifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 847. Sikkim HIMALAYA, in hot valleys, Thomson. Assam, SILHET and the KHASIA Mrs, Wallich, &c. Cnitracone, J. D. H. 4 T. T. Preu, MarABAN and TENASSERIM, Kurz.—DISTRIB. Ava. , A lofty tree, branchlets stout or slender, sometimes tomentose. Leaves extremely variable, usually linear, 12-18 by 2-21 in., sometimes much broader, 18-24 by 6-7 in. and narrowed below the middle, thickly coriaceous, pale yellow-brown and shining above, nerves arched or nearly horizontal; petiole 3—1 in., stout, glabrous or tomen- tose. Male fi. very variable in size, }~4 in. diam., densely tomentose, scarlet within ; pedicel 4-3 in., bracteole obscure; anther-disk concave or plane ; pedicel grooved, contained in the tubular base of the perianth ; anthers short, deflexed. Female pedicels very short; ovary densely tomentose.. Fruit 1-2 in. long, subglobose or ellipsoid, tomentose; aril pale, thin, lobed above the middle.—The Malayan plant referred to under this species in “ Flora Indica ” is M. furfuracea. Var. erratica; leaves smaller 6-10 by 14-2} in. M. erratica, Hook. F4 Thoms. Fl. Ind.156; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 905. M. corticosa, Hook. f. & Thoms. l. c. 166, in part.—Khasia Mts, and Chittagong.— I fear this is only a small-leaved state of M. longifolia, and not even a variety ; the stigma is identical, and the character taken from the top of the antheriferous disk being flat (in opposition to concave itt longifolia), cannot be relied on. The flowers are, however, much more trigonously globose, and the stalk of the anther-disk is shorter. : 25. M. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 6791; branchlets and inflorescence furfuraceously tomentose, leaves 5-9 in. elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute - —— HER, cA, C0 a A Myristica.] OXXVI, MYRISTICER (J. D. Hooker.) 111 or acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 14-20 pair, male fl. fascicled on short peduncle, pedicels slender, perianth subglobose 3-fid l in. diam., anthers 12 on the toothed margin of a stipitate peltate disk, fruit ovoid beaked. Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 157; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 205; Beddome For.. Man. 176. M. corticosa, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 271 (not of H. f. n M. amygdalina, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.175; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. A Dn the Concan Guats, Heyne, Dalzell, &c. TRAVANCORE MTS., alt. 2-3000 ft., eddome. Branches slender, at length glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., thinly coriaceous, . pale brown above ; midrib and spreading nerves beneath stout, tomentose when young ; base acute or rounded; petiole 3-2 in. Male peduncle à in.; pedicels 1-3 in., bracteolate above the middle. Female flower not seen ; pedicels of fruit about as long as ofthe male fl. Fruit 1-14 in. long, ellipsoid or ovoid with a short point or beak, densely furfuraceously rusty-tomentose ; pericarp thin; aril entire, except towards the lobed apex.— Wallich's specimens (from Heyne) have nearly globose fruits; the oncan and Travancore ones have longer fruits with acute tips. 26. M. glaucescens, Hook. f. § Thoms. Fl. Ind. 157; branchlets and inflorescence rusty-hoary, leaves 4-6 (rarely 12) in. linear-oblong obtuse acute or acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 12-20 pair, male and female f. few fascicled on a very short peduncle long-pedicelled, male perianth subglobose, female turbinate, anthers about 10 on the toothed margin of à subsessile peltate disk with a flat top, stigma subsessile peltate toothed, 1t small subglobose, aril nearly complete. M. intermedia B. minor, Miquel P^ Ind. Bat. i. 270. ? M. sumatrana, Blume Rumph. i. 187. M. corticosa, "part, Hook. f. & T. l. c. 158; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 205, in part; Kurz For. Fl. 984. M. missionis? & lanceolata, Walt. Cat. 6788, rs ; angustifolia, Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. 847. ? Knema glaucescens, Jack in Y Misc. No. vii. 35, and in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 149 (not of Wallich). K. corticosa, Lour, Fl. Coch. 742. Tenasserim, Griffith, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4349, 4344, 4349), &e. ANDAMAN GLANDS, Kurz. Sree kee MarAcca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4343), lich, rd (No. 2815), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1280, 1282, 1299). Siwaaronz, Wal- th urton.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. _ » Indica." though the “Ave retained the name adopted for this plant in the “ Flora Indica, g wre is no certainty of its being the Knema glaucescens of Jack ; it, however, agrees with it in the important character of its very small fruit, which is ovate-oblong as scribed in the Flora, or nearly globose or ellipsoid (Kurz). It is no doubt the i @nceolata and probably missionis of Wallich; the latter, from Heyne A 1 er- it e » Was probably collected in the Straits and sent to that missionary. e her Pied “+ sumatrana of Blume and M. angustifolia of Roxburgh is altoget er ‘that ant , the copious specimens received since the date of the “Flora Indica, show an n € Tenasserim and Malayan plants included under M. corticosa in that work are 206 different from M. glaucescens. With regard to M. glauca, Blume, referred also his » work to M. corticosa, its fleshy aril divided low down should (according to Pate) Separate it from glaucescens, but Javanese specimens named sree an frit wt by . Miquel and others only differ from the Indian plant - the arger by did Kurz describes the aril of corticosa, H. f. & T., as “ blood-red somewha wd and lacerate ;” and as to Loureiro’s Anema corticosa, much more complete Ter are wanted before it can safely be identified with any Malayan species. ndaman specimen of Kurz has leaves fully a foot long. The small leaves, sub- the sop, Ple flowers 4 in. diam., and turbinate female ones $ in. long, together with farf Ubsessile or short styled peltate stigma, and small fruit 3 in. long, with their Whose ots Pericarp and almost entire thin aril, well distinguish this species, Under i per name can only be determined when more is known of the plants quoted 112 CXXVI. MYRISTICEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Myristica. 27. M. laurina, Blume Rumph. i. 139, t. 61; branches inflorescence and leaves beneath especially the nerves scurfily tomentose, leaves 9-12 in. oblong or linear-oblong acute or acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 20-30 pair, base rounded or cordate, fruit 2-3 in. long subsessile on tubercles of the branch oblong-ovoid, pericarp thick densely scurfily tomentose, aril scarlet entire except at the lacerate tip, seed oblong. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 206; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2.70. M. tomentosa, Blume Biid. 577 (not of Thundb.). Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1294).—DISTRIB. ? Java, Sumatra. Without flower it is not possible to identify this, which may be a form of M. fur- fwracea, with any described plant. It agrees with Blume’s figure and description of M. laurina, except in the more numerous nerves, and very much longer fruit. plant from the Andamans, collected and named M. laurina by Kurz, resembles the Malacca plant except in the fruit, which is that of glaucescens, to which I refer it. 28. M. intermedia, Blume Rumph. i. 187; glabrous except the m- florescence and fruit, leaves 6-12 in. linear-oblong acuminate glabrous glau- cous beneath, nerves 12-20 pair, male fl. j in. diam. fascicled on tubercles of the branches pedicelled 3-gonously globose scurfily tomentose 3-cleft, anthers 12-18 on the toothed margin of a peltate disk with a pyramidal boss, fruit pedicelled ovoid-oblong finely pubescent base intruded. Hook.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 158; Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 906 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat, i 270 (excl, var. B.). MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4359), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1281, 1288). SINGAPORE, Lobb.— DISTRIB. Java. Branchlets usually slender. Leaves narrow, 4-24} in. broad, rarely elliptic-oblong, very coriaceous, nerves strong, base acute obtuse or rounded, pale brown and shining with very prominent closely reticulated nerves above; petiole 4-4 in., stout, quite glabrous. Male fl. rufous-tomentose, pedicel 4-} in., stout, bracteolate in the middle; perianth subpyramidal; staminal disk subsessile, circular or trigonous, central boss 3-gonous; anthers short. Fruit 1} in. long, broadly oblong with a groove on one side, top rounded; aril thin, entire except at the tip—The tubercles from which, the flowers spring are often diseased and -present a mass of brown floccose hairs, probably caused by insect puncture, _ 29. M. gibbosa, Hook. f. § Thoms. Fl. Ind. 158; glabrous except the inflorescence .and fruit, leaves linear-lanceolate acuminate at both ends hardly glaucous beneath, nerves 15-30 pair, male fl. pedicelled fascicled on a peduncle ureeolately campanulate 3-fid, anthers 10-12 on the margin of à long-stalked circular disk, fruit pedicelled oblong base gibbous and intruded. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xiv. 1. 205. Kuasta Mrs., Griffith (Kew Distrib. ; . D. H. & T.T, rr ifit (H ib. 4348) ; near Churra, J. D. H. 4 Branchlets slender, glabrous, Leaves long and narrow, 11-2 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, nerves strong, pale brown, bardly shining above, sometimes a little glaucous beneath, nerves slender; petiole 4-4 in., slender, glabrous. Male fl. 4 in. long rufous-pubescent, a good deal like the female of M. glaucescens, constricted below the 3-fid limb; pedicel of antheriferous disk clavate. Fruit 1-1} in. long, rather like M. intermedia, but gibbous at the base ; aril entire, except at the top. , 30. M. furfuracea, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 159; branchlets pe tioles and inflorescence densely scurfily tomentose, leaves 6-14 in. linear-ob- long obtuse acute or acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 10-40 pair, male 3. fascicled on short peduncles or tubercles globosely 3-gonous 3-fid pedicelled, anthers about 10 on the toothed margin of a 3-gonous peltate shortly stipitate disk, fem. f. larger sessile on tubercles, stigma sessile disco! Myristica.] ^ ^ cxxvi. MYRISTICER. (J. D. Hooker.) 113 crenulate. Alph. DC. in Prodr. xxiv. 1.206. M. longifolia, Hook. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 156 (the Malayan plant). Knema glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 6810 (not of Jack). Pewana, Porter. MALacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4346, ? 4345), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1287). Siwaaronr, N. Cantley. . Branchlets stout, older with black shining cracked bark. Leaves most variable m size, 1-1) in. diam., usually pale brown and shining above, base acute obtuse or cordate ; nerves strong, arched; petiole usually very short, thick, and thickly fur- aceous, but sometimes more slender and glabrate. Male fl. about à in. diam., cels 1—1 in., bracteolate about the middle ; antheriferous disk orbicular or 3-gonous, i flat; pedicel short but distinct. Fem. Jl. ovoid, nearly 4 in. long; stigma concave, Many-toothed. Fruit lj in. long, ovoid-oblong, densely scurfily tomentose; pericarp thick, aril entire except at the tip.—'The black bark of the older branchlets seems - à good character for this species. Griffith's No. 4345, from Malacca; has very numerous crowded flowers on a very short thick peduncle, with pedicel 4 in. long, and 18 anthers 9n a less toothed disk. . . DOUBTFUL, INDETERMINABLE AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. M. INLAYSONIANA, Wall. Cat. 6793, is Melodorum fulgens H. f. & T. (see Vol. i, p. 82), M. nvcexrmrotta, Alph? DC. in Prodr. xxiv. 1. 190, described from leaf and fruit only, and placed in Section Eumyristicec, is indeterminable. M. Gtavcrscens, Wall. Cat. 6790, is Tetranthera venulosa, Meissn. M. HEYNEANA, Wall. Cat. 6789 ; Alph. DC. l. c. 207, without flower or fruit, is y Laurineous. M. Hooxnz, Wail. Cat, 6802 B, is undeterminable. M, INTEGRIFOLIA, Steud. Nom., is Myrica integrifolia, Wall. : M.mtorawrma, Wall. Cat. 6807 ; A. DO. L c. 208, is a Siam plant, and not Indian. M. woxrAwA, Roxb. FU. Ind. iii. 846; Wall. Cat. 6792, is referred by A. DC. (Prodr, xxiv, 1. 190) to M. iners, Blume. " Tt has not been found in British India. She „P OBTUSIFOLIA, Wall, Cat. 6808; H. f. 4 T. Fl. Ind. 163; A. DC. 1. c. 194, - Singapore, is indeterminable. M. sarrpa, Steud. Nom., is Myrica sapida, Wall. da i: SPSQUIPEDALIS, Wall. Cat. 6809 “an Laurin. fam." from Penang, is Actin hne sesquipedalis, Hk. f. & T. TEISTICA ? Wall. Cat. 9017, from Silhet, Gomez, is not of this genus. YRISTICA ; Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1298), in fruit only, is a very fine Probably new species, with very coriaceous large glabrous leaves rounded at the pai bow it 23 i in large long-peduncled ‘ when dry, and oblong fruit 2} in. long, in large long-p eed pericarp very thick; seed ellipsoid, FUN long, beautifully mottled, pale elipti i White.—The following is Dr. Maingay’s description of the fruit : a ovoid lindri Te f in., dark green, perfectly glabrous, dotted with black ; se » Tic-elliptic; aril complete, fleshy, blood-red, tip lacerate. it boa ded: Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1801), has slender pale, gla € shini ets with finely tomentose fulvous tips ; elliptic pale greenish lam 213 er ig long io a ove paler beneath with 6-10 pair of very slender nerves ; fruit on oid, 1-14 in. th ing Peduneled, fascicled on a tubercle of the stem, keeled on one sic and gib » Ln base, pericarp thin, aril entire, seed small ovoid. —The follows gis a short oro Eay’s notes: * Fruit elliptic-ovate, 14 by 1 in., sud enly n rowed ipio Pübern] stalk, keeled at the suture of the valves, pale greenis “ora ge, d y: Memb; ma Seed $ by 4 in. elliptic ; aril complete, blood-red, tip lobulate, testa p inan tegmen crustaceous.” . a VOL, Obs Singapore, M aingay (Kew Distrib. 1291), closely mE es M. fur 0- 14 - CXXVL MYRISTICEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Myristica furacea in habit and foliage; fem. flowers densely crowded forming almost globose fascicles on tubercles of the stem, clavate, with the stout pedicel i in. long, densely rufous-tomentose ; stigma subsessile with 3-4 radiating teeth.—Apparently the same species is sent by Murton also from Singapore, with leaves glabrous and glaucous beneath. Orpen CXXVII. MONIMIACEIE. Trees or shrubs, often aromatic. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, entire or serrate, usually coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers 1-2-sexual, regular, usually in short cymes or racemes; bracts small or 0, or 2 valvately en- closing the bud. - Perianth inferior, globose ovoid or depressed, rarely cam- panulate; limb 4-many-toothed, teeth in one or several series, equal or the outer sepaloid and inner petaloid, or various, or obsolete, when the mouth. closes over the ovary. Stamens few or many, in one or many series on ê disk adnate to the perianth-tube, included; filaments short, simple or wi a basal scale; anthers erect, 2-celled, bursting by slits or valves. Carpels many, rarely solitary, sessile in the base or on the sides of the perianth- tube, or immersed in a disk, 1-celled; styles long or short, stigma small; ovule solitary, erect or pendulous, anatropous or orthotropous. Fruiting carpels free, enclosed in the perianth or exposed on a discoid receptacle, indehiscent. Seed erect or pendulous, testa membranous, albumen pur embryo usually next the hilum and minute, cotyledons erect or ài verging, radicle superior or inferior.—Genera 22; species about 150, tropical and temperate. l * Drupes on an enlarged disciform receptacle, fem. perianth cir- cumsciss. Anther-cells confluent . . . . . . . © . . . . . . ew . 1. KIBARA Anther-cells parallel, distinct. . . . . 5... . . . . . 2. MATTEEA _ ** Drupeson a small receptacle, perianth-lobes persistent. 3. HonTONIA 1. RIBARA, Endl, Aromatic trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers l-sexual, small,'in short axillary or lateral cymes or panicles; bracts minute or 0. Mate rr. Perianth short, teeth or lobes 4, 2.seriate; mouth con- tracted. Disk annular or tubular. Anthers subsessile, 5-8, 2-seriate, cells confluent above. Frm. FL. Perianth circumsciss above the disk. Carpets many, free; style very short; ovule pendulous, anatropous. Ripe carpe sessile or stipitate on a dilated receptacle. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, axile, radicle superior.—Species 10, Eastern Tropical Asia, Australia. K. coriacea, Endl. Gen. Pl. 314; leaves elliptic obtuse acute oF acuminate subentire, cymes umbellately: compound puberulous muc branched exceeding the petioles. A. pr Prodr. xvi. 2. 670; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2,73. Tulasne in Archiv. Mus. viii. 404. K. Blumei, Steud JNomencl. Ed. 2; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 88, f. 9. Brongniartia coriacea Blume Bijd.436. Sciadicarpus Brongniartii, Hassk. Plant. Jav. Rar. 209. BSercodticns chloranthiformis, Grif. Notul. iv. 381, and Ic. Pl. Asiat: Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.— DrsTRIB. Java, Sumatra, Celebes. " A tree, branches stout, smooth, and leaves when dry yellowish. Leaves 5-10 in» coriaceous, obscurely toothed towards the tip; midrib puberulous beneath. - Cymes "e dasu Kibara] CXXVIL MONIMIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 115 branched from the base ; branches and pedicelslong, slender. Perianth 2-bracteolate, Pyriform, 3 in. long, “ closed by scales arranged in an alternating series of twos and threes,” Maingay. Stamens 5-7, included ; anthers dehiscing apically and trans- versely, Drupes 1-15, 4-1 in. long, seated singly on fleshy lobes of the orange- cold. receptacle, umbelled on the thickened peduncle, subtended by the excessively thickened reflexed perianths, ellipsoid, tip rounded, purple-black.—Beccari (Malina, 186) describes a variety from the Arou Islands, 2. MATTHEA, Blune. A.glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, entire or subserrate, coriaceous. Flowers fascicled, axillary, pedicelled. Perianth depressed-turbinate, mouth Central, very minute obtusely 4-toothed, at length circumsciss. Stamens , filaments fleshy; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence lateral. Pistillode of male fl. minute. Carpels very many, covering a broad flat receptacle; style very short, conical; ovule pendulous, anatropous. Ripe carpels long- stipitate, seated on the thickened receptacle, and perianth ellipsoid. M. sancta, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 89, fig. 10; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2. 669; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 74. | Matacca, Maingay.— DisTRiB. Sumatra, Borneo. . " ranches terete, smooth. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3} in, coriaceous, oblong, shortly yculninate, base acute; nerves very spreading, slender; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncles lin. long, rather stout, puberulous. Flowers }in. diam. Ripe carpels 3 in. long, numerous, about as long as their slender stalks, dark purple. 3. HORTONIA, Wight. An aromatic shrub Leaves opposite, subentire, coriaceous. Flowers 2. » in short axillary cymes, bracts small or 0. Perianth-tube short, Dak dnulate ; lobes many, many-seriate, outer sepaloid, inner petaloid. airy. Stamens 7-12, 1-2-seriate; filaments short, base 2-glandular ; anther-cells parallel, extrorse. Carpels numerous, sessile, style short or 0; rne ° pendulous, anatropous. Ripe carpels obliquely ovoid, seated on a . Rat floribunda, Wight in Jard. Mag. Zool. § Bot. ii. 546; Thwaites m. 11i Hook. f. & Thoms, Fl. Ind. 166. A P Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft. Leaves ve ellowish . PE »: Bowes ; nerves few ; petiole } in. ` Cymes glabrous or puberulous, $ 3 in. long - icels" in., stout or slender seed, alternate or subumbellate, greenish-yellow, pedicels’ j—3 in., stou neryo, Oribunda Proper; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate. - H. floribunda var. acuminata, Hook. f. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. 165 : es Enum. 12. H fioribunda & acuminata, Wight Ie. 1997, 1998, righ- r y Mola: T $ h. Mus i ad DC. Prodr. xvi. 2. 272, exel. syn. angustifolia; Tulasne in T it. Ovalifoli by 14-2 in. broadly elliptic or Yolia, Hook. f. & Thoms, 1. c.; leaves 2-4 by AS Tp 1e n 0 tuse or apiculate, caress eprending. Thwaites l. c. H. ovalifolia, Wigh » left-hand figure; A. DO. l. e.; Tulasne l. c. 428. 13° 116 CXXVII. MONIMIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hortonia. ifoli i -14 i linear-lanceolate Var. ustifolia, Thwaites l. c.; leaves 4-64 by 1-13 in. li | acuminate ‘Sneed from above the base, nerves parallel to the margin, cymes very slender.— Galle. OrpErR CXXVIII. LAURINES. i te omatie, erect, trees or shrubs (except Cassytha). Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or deciduous, gland-dotted, exstipulate. Flowers (excep Cassytha and Hernandia) 1-2-sexual, regular, in axillary cymes clus Mh panicles or racemes; bracts 0 or deciduous, often involucriform. Perianti inferior, tube sometimes enlarged in fruit; limb usually 6-cleft. Stam na usually a multiple of the perianth-lobes, in 2-4 series on the tube, fi eim i flattened; inner or some or all the filaments often 2-glandular at the bas i anthers erect, 2-4-celled (1-celled in Syndiclis), cells opening by pd atlength deciduous lids. Ovary sessile in the base of the periant Sod , l-celled ; style terminal, stigma simple or discoid or dilated ; ovule so : a » pendulous from the top of the cell, anatropous. Fruit on an often thickene peduncle, fleshy or dry, indehiscent, naked or (in' Cryptocarya) enclosed in . or adnate to the perianth-tube. Seed pendulous, testa membranous í a men 0; cotyledons plano-convex, fleshy, radicle superior minute.—ene 34, species about 900, The species of this Order are very difficult of discrimination without fruits, = the genera are in some cases far from natural; the character of 2- and 4-ce anthers separating generically plants otherwise very nearly related. : TRIBE I. Perseacese. Shrubs or.trees. Third row of stamens, E. resent, with the anther-cells opening outwards by valves. Inflorescence ax-fld. * Anthers 2-celled. Fruit enclosed in the perianth-tube. Perianth-segments 6, subequal . . . . . ... . . 1. CRYPTOCARYA. ** Anthers 2-rarely 1-celled. Fruit not enclosed wholly in the perianth- tube, l T Stamens 9 in 3 series; 4th series 0 or of staminodes only. Staminodes ovate or cordate. Fruiting perianth 6-fid., enlarged . . n o k Staminodes ovate or cordate. Fruiting perianth not enlarged . . ... ee ew we ew ee . 8. BEILSCHMIEDIA. Staminodes 0 or imperfect. Fruiting peduncle swollen . 4. DEHAASIA. tt Perfect stamens 3; anthers 2-celled 2. APOLLONIAS. . 5. ENDIANDRA. ttt Perfect stamens 4; anthers l-celled . . ; 6. SyNDICLIS. *** Anthers 4-celled. Perfect stamens 9. Fruiting perianth with deciduous lobes and persistent wholly or in part. . . . . . . . . Fruiting perianth with persistent, reflexed lobes . Fruiting perianth with persistent, erect lobes. . . . . Fruiting perianth wholly deciduous; pedicel greatly thickened. . . ,. 2... . - « 10. ALSEODAPHNE. Trie II. Litseacese. All the anthers opening inwards. 7. CINNAMOMU M. 8. MACHILUS. 9. PH BE. ~~ m ud — . CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 117 * Anthers 4-celled. Flowers dicecious, enclosed in densely imbricating bracts . . 11. AOTINODAPHNE, Flowers dicecious, umbelled, umbels involucrate . . . . . 12. LITSEA. owers 2-sexual, solitary or panicled, enclosed in imbricating bracts... L . 7... . 1.4 18. DODECADENIA. . ™ Anthers 2-celled. Flowers umbelled, umbels involucrate. . - M uo. o. 5. 14. LINDERA. Taree III. Cassythee. Twining leafless herbs or shrubs. Flowers 0t Perseacee, 15. CassYTHA. Tame IV. Hernandies. Trees. Anther-valves opening laterally. 16. HERNANDIA. 1. CRYPTOCARYA, Brown. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves rarely subopposite, 3- or penni- Pod. Flowers small, 2.sexual, in axillary. and subterminal panicles. erianth ovoid or turbinate ; lobes 6, subequal. Perfect stamens 9, those cE the 1st and 2nd series eglandular, anthers introrsely 2-celled ; of the 3rd Aog 2-glandular, anthers extrorsely 2-celled ; staminodes of ‘4th series d tate Fruit wholly included in and often adnate to’ the oblong or ose perianth-tube.—Species about 40, tropical and subtropical. A. Species of North-Eastern India and the Malay Peninsula.. Ios Ad leaves tomentose or pubescent, at least on the nerves and midrib l e Griflithiana, Wight Ic. t. 1830; branchlets inflorescence ‘and «uds beneath dense] rusty-villous, leaves 8-12 in. very coriaceous oblong Udate-acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, nerves very strong, on cles short and shortly peduncled, flowers subsessile crowded mixed lwi & nets, fruit globosely flask-shaped. Kurz For. FT. ii. 295. C. infec- a & caudata, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 68. ENASSERIM (South , Kurz. MAraACCA, Griffith, Maingay. - small evergreen tree branchlets stout. on 2-4 in. broad, rarely ribed- ip somet: e 2 usually recurved ; nerves 8-10 pair, sank above; midrib rusty-pube , P sometimes 1 in, long ; petiole 4 in., very stout. Panicles 1-2 in., oblong. owers In. diam., perianth-tube very short, Fruit globose, narrowed into a e ict exactly like a round-bellied flask, 2-3 in, diam., smooth, black, shining, ov Mei. uncle greatly enlarged.— Wight was the first to publish this as Gm na. 7 ted | Supposing it to be Blume’s Cylicodaphne infectoria (Mus. Bot. ii. | ) has Blum » \rom Miquel) that specific name. I have seen no authentic specimen. « Bo 75 plant, of which Meissner makes a variety C. infectoria B. acuminata, gi ag hoas the habitat; but the Borneo plant differs from the Malaccan not onty ort apex of the leaf, but in the elliptic or oblong fruit. il C. impressa, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 923; branchlets loroan Gora s o8 beneath densely finely rusty-tomentose, leaves AY . Ceous elliptic or oblong shortly acuminate opaque above, s ilh at flower «Y Strong beneath, panicles often equalling the leaves loose ly ran hed, P od. Pedicelled, bracts deciduous. C. infectoria y. opaca, JMetssn. | A * Xv. 1.69, ©, venosa, Meissn. mss. o. T Sumatra, > Grifith (Kew Distrib, 4277), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1250). —D1 red by Meissner to a form of his infecoria, but abundantly distinct in the 118 oxx?IL LAURINEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Crgyptocarya. short tomentum, much smaller leaves opaque above, with short points, petioles twice as long, long loose panicles, and smaller flowers. The fruit is undescribed.— King regards this as C. crassinervia, Miquel, of Sumatra, and he may be right. I have seen no authentic specimens of either impressa or crassinervia, 3. C. andamanica, Hook. f.; branchlets inflorescence and leaves beneath densely rusty-tomentose, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous lin ear-oblong acute shining flat and even above subglaucous beneath, nerves 10-14 pair strong beneath, panicles peduncled compound shorter than the leaves, tore pedicelled, fruit long-pedicelled narrowly ellipsoid. C. tomentosa, Herb. Hort. Calc., not of Blume. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Herb. Hort. Calcutt. Branchlets stout. Leaves 13-2] in. broad, very pale on both surfaces when dry, margins flat, nervules beneath very fine. .Panicles sometimes as long as the leaves i branches erecto-patent, rather dense-fld. Flowers pale when dry, jj; in. long ; tube o perianth shorter than the lobes. Fruit 1-1} in., subacute at both ends, quite smooth ; , peduncle 3 in., swollen.— This differs from C. tomentosa in the more numerous nerves and shape of the leaves. 4. C. rugulosa, Hook. f.; branchlets and leaves beneath finely rusty- pubescent, leaves 3-5 in. linear-oblong acute or acuminate rugose an shining above, beneath with 5-8 pairs of strong nerves, panicles hoary rather slender much branched as long as the leaves, flowers pedicelled minute, fruit globosely flask-shaped. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1262). . A very distinct species, allied to C. Griffithiana, but much smaller in all its parts, not villous, with slender much-branched panicles of very small pedicelled flowers ; the fruit is of nearly the same shape, but only $ in. long.— King takes this to be Miquel’s C. impressa of Sumatra ; he may be right, but it differs from the description. 5. R. Ferrarsi, King in Herb. Hort. Calcutt.; branchlets and leaves beneath very finely rusty-pubescent, leaves 6-9 in. thinly coriaceous nar- rowly linear-oblong narrowed into the petiole acute or acuminate flat and smooth above subglaucous beneath, nerves 12-15 pair tomentose beneath, panicles very long-peduncled, fruit small narrowly ovoid. ANDAMAN IsraANDS, Herb. Hort. Bot. Calc. E A shrub; branches elongate. Leaves about 2 in. broad, pale above, not shining ; base very acute; petiole 4-3 in., pubescent. Fruiting panicle 4-6 in. Fruit à i- long, smooth, even, obtuse; peduncle } in., stout. ` .** Adult leaves quite glabrous beneath. 6. C. amygdalina, Nees in Wall. Pt. As. Rar. ii. 69, and Syst. Laurin, 208; branchlets and inflorescence hoary-pubescent, leaves 3-8 1n. coriaceous elliptic or oblong acute or obtuse quite glabrous shining above . opaque beneath with 6-10 pair of strong straight very oblique nerves: panicles as long as the leaves long-peduncled, fruit elliptic or € lindric- oblong. Meissn, in DC. Prodr. xv.1. 72 and 507. C. floribunda, Nees l.c. Meissn. l. c. 71. Laurus amygdalina, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2585. L. flori- banda, Wall Cat. 2593, in part. NzPAL, Wallich. SIKKIM; at the foot of the hills, King. Assam, SILHET and wha or ae Mrs., Hamilton, Wallich, Griffith. ? ANDAMAN Istanps, Herb. Hort. - A tree ; branches spreading. Leaves rigid, pale brown (not glaucous) beneath ; base acute or obtuse ; nervules faint, costa sometimes faintly hai 3 tiole bii hoary. Panicles long-peduncled, often very large and much “Wenehed; pedicels ~ ennai T Cryptocarya.] CXXVII. LAURINER. (J. D. Hooker.) 119 jointed. Flowers 4 in.; perianth-tube as long as the lobes. Fruit 2 in. long, very shortly pedicelled, obtuse, quite smooth and even.—The Andaman specimens have much longer and more coriaceous leaves, 6-7 in. long, and a more turgid fruit; they may prove specifically distinct, 7. C. enervis, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender and leaves quite glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate base narrowed into the slender petiole subglaucous beneath, nerves 6-8 pair very faint on both surfaces, fruit globose. MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4336). on t Branches black when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, 13-2 in. diam., brownish green, smooth and even above when dry with faintly raised obliquely arching nerves, vpet brown beneath, with very faint nerves and obsolete nervules; petiole j in. Panicles apparently slender and shorter than the leaves. Fruit 4 in. diam., smooth, even, not shining, with an obtuse very short tip.—A very distinct species, without Owers, remarkable for the slender branches and very faint nerves of the leaf. 8. C. Kurzii, Hook.f; branchlets slender black and leaves glabrous, leaves shortly petioled 4-8 in. oblong or linear-oblong or -oblanceolate obtusely acuminate smooth and shining above, glancous brown beneath, aves about 8 pair strong beneath, panicles shorter than the leaves nearly glabrous, flowers minute hoary. C. Wightiana, 8. Griffithii, Meissn. in DC. rodr. xv. 1. 70 (excl, the Canara plant). O. ferrea, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 295 (not of Blume). | TENASSERIM ; Mergui, Griffith No. 1142 (Kew Distrib. 4274). f ranchlets black when aw Leaves Tus in. diam., thinly coriaceous, buse te; nerves oblique, finely reticulated beneath; petiole 1 in., stout. — pedicelled, 1; in. long.— This may, as Kurz holds, be referable to C. ferrea, whic is bra near; but in all the (indifferent) specimens of ferrea that I have seen, the manches are stouter and pale when dry, the panicle pubescent and flowers Ina ithout knowing the fruit (which is linear-oblong and $ in. long in C. ferrea vu . entek) it is impossible to identify this with the Javanese plant. It differs entirely m Wightiana in foliage and pubescence of panicle. 9. €. ferrea, Blume Dijd.557?; branchlets stout pale and panicle pubescent or puberulous, leaves 4-8 in. glabrous linear- or elliptic-ob bre or nceolate obtusely acuminate smooth hardly shining above glaucous the neath, nerves 8 19 pair strong beneath, panicles often equalling the Mocs, hoary, flowers minute, fruit (in Java specimens) linear-oblong. penne in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 69; Nees Syst. Laurin. 216; Miquel FI. Ind. -i 991. MALAY Peyin SULA; Pomerong Johore, Cantley (No. 8). ys quite der » Kurzii I have indicated the differences between that and this, which . agrees with Javan specimens of ferrea, though it is impossible to identify Y without the fruit. . : d C. cwsia, Blume Bijd. 935P; whitish, branchlets petioles an senieles rusty-pubescent, leaves 5-7 in. glabrous oblong or eliptic-oblong ang nate smooth above glaucous white beneath, nerves 6-10 pat mE leaveg Pd beneath, nervules very fine, panibisé, va Jonger $ 1 7" » Hower : e . in J . . Le ; Miquel py Tad. Bap l p globose. Meissn ANDaway Is Java. LANDS; Herb. Hort, Bot. Cale-—DISTRIB. Java. | Branchlets rather stout. Leaves firmly eoriaceous, 2-3 in. diam., ve ars » midrib and nerves beneath sometimes slightly pubescent; peti or P 3 . large with spreading branches; flowers } in. long, pedicelled, Fruit fleshy, 120 OXXYHIL LAURINEH, (J. D. Hooker) ` [OCryptocarya. $ in. diam.— King notes this as either cesia or a new species; it agrees with Blume's character of cesia except in that the midrib beneath is almost quite glabrous. The fruit of the Javan plant being unknown, the identification is not sure. A. similar plant, but with shorter petioles, more nerves and more pubescent flowers, occurs he Celebes. Meissner regards the Javan cæsia as perhaps a var. of ferrea, from which the Indian plant seems to be very distinct. 11. C. ? Andersoni, King in Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale.; very robust, leaves 8-12 in. long-petioled glabrous elliptic acute at both ends thickly coriaceous finely reticulated above red-brown beneath with 10 pairs of very oblique stout nerves and transverse nervules, panicle very large stout corym- bose and much branched hoary-pubescent, flowers minute. ASSAM, Jenkins in Herb. Hort. Cale. l have seen only a leaf, a portion of a panicle and a drawing |(lent by Dr. King) of this remarkable plant, which resembles no other of the Order in foliage or flowers. The panicle is 8 in. long, and must have been as broad at the top, the peduncle is as thick below as a goose-quill, black and shrunken when dry (as if soft when fresh); it branches repeatedly corymbosely from low down, the ultimate divisions flowering at the tips; the flowers are about jj, in. diam., on pedicels of the same length ; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; stamens short, glabrous; ovary ovoid, style short, stigma discoid, B. Species of Ceylon and Western India. 12. C. Wightiana, Thwaites Enum. 254; branchlets and inflorescence rusty-pubescent or puberulous, leaves 4-10 in. rigidly coriaceous elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous smooth hardly shining above, glaucous white and glabrous or faintly puberulous beneath with 6-10 pair of strong arched nerves, panicles spreading equalling or shorter than the leaves, frui globose. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 70 (excl. var. 8.); Beddome Forest. Š o: à E floribunda, Wight Ic. t. 1829 (not of Nees); Dalz. & Gibs. DECCAN PENINSULA; from Canara southwards. CEYLON; ascending to 5000 ft. A tall tree; branches rather stout, often lenticellate. Leaves variable in breadth, 13-4 in., strongly reticulate beneath, base rounded oracute; petiole 3-1 in. Panicles very many-fld. ; flowers pedicelled, 4 in. long. Fruit } in. diam., smooth, black, glossy — Wight figures and describes the Ceylon plant as having oblong fruit, as does Meissner, but Thwaites correctly states it to be globose. I have seen no fruit of Peninsular specimens, Meissner’s vars. parvifolia and lanceolata are not separable from e type. . 13. C. Stocksii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 71; branches and panicles rusty-tomentose, leaves 24-4 in. rigidly coriaceous oblong obtuse oF rounded at the tip glabrous smooth above, glaucous beneath with 6-7 pall of stout pubescent or glabrous nerves, panicles shorter than the leaves stout dense-fld., fruit ovoid. C. neilgherriensis, Meissn. L. c. Deccan PENINSULA; Canara, Stocks, &c.; Nilghiri Hi ight ; mallay Hille Hoddoms. A 5 Nilghiri Hills, Wight; Ana A large tree, very near C. Wightiana, but the leaves are much smaller, shorter- petioled, and usually very obtuse; the panicles short, contracted, and dense-fld., the flowers larger, and the fiuit only 4 in. long and ovoid, not shining. 14. C. membranacea, Thwaites Enum. 254; branchlets slender and panicles rusty-pubescent, leaves 3-5 in. glabrous membranous elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate finely reticulated on both surfaces, beneath somewhat glaucous with 5-7 pair of strong nerves, panicles very small few-fld., fruit Cryptocarya.] CXXVII. LauRINER, (J. D. Hooker.) 121 eblong-ovoid. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 72; Beddome Forest Man. CEYLON ; in the Saffragam district, alt. 2000 ft., Sir J. Mackenzie, Thwaites. „A tree of middle size; branches very slender, Leaves 14-2 in. diam., hardly shining but beautifully reticulated above, reddish brown, base narrowed into a slender petiole of 3-3 in. Panicles j-] in. long, few and lax-fid. ; flowers pedi- celled, 3 in. long. Perianth-tube rather longer than the limb. Fruit (not seen) about 1 in. long, black-purple. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CRYPTOCARYA sp., from the Anamallay Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome, closely resembling C. Griffithiana, Wight, but in too young a state for determination, Crrprocarya Sp., from T enasserim, alt. 5000 ft., Beddome, a fragment in wer with very membranous le aves, resembles C. costata, Blume, of Java. 2. APOLLONIAS, Nees. Evergreen trees. — Leaves scattered, penninerved. Flowers 2-sexual, small, in axillary and subterminal panicles. Perianth-tube short; lobes 6, subequal. Perfect stamens 9; filaments filiform, 1st and 2nd series eglan- dular with introrse 2-celled anthers, of 3rd series 2-glandular with extrorse 2-celled anthers, staminodes of 4th series ovoid or cordate. Berry globose or ovoid, with the 6-cleft hardened perianth at its base.—Species 2, a Canarian and the followin g. A. Arnottii, Nees Syst. Laurin. 670; quite glabrous or young parts Fah hairy, leaves lanceolate acuminate, panicles few-fld. long-peduncled- boop ” DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 65; Wight Ic. t. 1819; Beddome Forest. Fl. Jon N rare Malabar, Tinnevelly and Travaapore, Wight. bón “arg, with ves 3- -lj in., thinly coriaceous, young red-brow e ta rse silky hairs beneath and on the young panicles, old quite glabrous, greh awn when dry, both ends very acute; nerves prominent but very slender on, t aces; petiole 1-1 in. Panicles 1-2 in., slender, erect or spreading, papi dr ed ;' flowers pedicelled, 1— in, diam. Fruit 1-j in. long, ovoid, acute, gt ith : ipe by the hardened perianth.—This I should regard as forming (rione s s u (canam species) a section of Phebe with 4-celled anthers, which would, however, Pset the present artificial arrangement of the genera in the Order. 3. BEILSCHMIEDIA, Necs. Evergreen tr ite, penninerved. ees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, p Flowers Small, 2-sexual, fascicled or panicled. Perianth-tube short; eee wip eval. Perfect stamens 9 ; filaments of 1st and 2nd series eglandula sp, iMtrorse 2-celled anthers, of 3rd series 2-glandular with extrorse slob’ staminodes of 4th series ovoid or cordate. Fruit ovoid oblong or Perianth wholly deciduous.—Species about 20, all tropical. small, pubes- B. Clarkei). it E L Leaves opposite or alternate; terminal buds very Flow tomentose, not enclosed in coriaceous scales (except 2o. 19 6-1 in. diam., broadly campanulate or cup-shaped. * . P erianth cleft nearly to the base into linear or oblong segments. l. B. Roxb "T Rar. ii. 69, and. Syst. ov urghi N Wall. Pl. As. kar. , ^ in. 198 ; terminal "buds and infórescérice tomentose, leaves 7-9 nd finely s e rate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate shining an T üculate on both surfaces, panicles short.shortly peduncled, fruit 122 CXXVII LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Beilschmiedia 2in. long cylindric-oblong. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1. 68 (excl. 8) ; Wight Te. t. 1828; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 293; P Brandis For. Fl. 378; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 309. Laurus bilocularis, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 311. Assam; at Negrigam, &c., Griffith. TIPPERA, Rowburgh, TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib, 4335). A deciduous tree, branches woody. Leaves 24-34 in. broad, firmly coriaceous; nerves 10-12 pair, slender and prominent on both surfaces; base acute, rarely rounded, sometimes unequal-sided ; petiole }-14 in. Panicles 1-1} in., subsilkily tomentose ; bracts small, broad, caducous ; pedicels as long as the flowers. Perianth 3 in. diam. 5 segments linear-oblong obtuse, hairy on both surfaces. Stamens pubescent 3 stami- nodes conical, tomentose. Ovary glabrous, stigma simple. Fruit pruinose, purple.— Wight’s figure, copied from Roxburgh’s drawings, represents the sepals as acute. Brandis and Gamble give Sikkim, ascending to 8000 ft., as its locality, and Kurz adds the Andaman Islands; the latter is likely, but not the former; and these Lau- rinee are so very difficult of discrimination, that I suspect all unlikely habitats, to which may be added those of the Forests of Kumaon, Oude, and Nepal, mentioned by Brandis. (See B. sikkimensis.) 2. B. fagifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 69, and Syst. Laur. 200; terminal buds and inflorescence pubescent, leaves 3—4 in. elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate, panicles very short crowded sub- sessile, iue flowers enclosed in broad silky caducous.scales, fruit 1 in. ellipsoid-oblong. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 64. Tetranthera fagifolia, Wall. Cat. 2539. SILHET, De Silva. ? Assam, Jenkins.—DisTRIB. ? Munnipore. A little known tree, very closely allied to B. Roxburghiana, but it has smaller more elliptic leaves on shorter petioles, very small panicles, and the bracts are ap- parently much larger and broader. The Silhet specimens are in flower only, they bave very glabrous shining leaves 24-3 in. long; the Assam ones are in fruit only, they have leaves 3-44 in. long, sparsely puberulous beneath; the Munnipore ones (in flower) have more lanceolate shining glabrous leaves with shorter thicker petioles. The fol- lowing variety strengthens my suspicion (shared by Kurz), that fagifolia and Roz- burghiana are forms of a wide-spread Indian forest tree. . Var. ? Dalzellii, Meissn. in DO. l.c. (excl. the Assam plant); leaves 4-7 in. oblong or lanceolate very coriaceous and shining, base acute or obtuse, nerves more numerous, fruit 1-1} in. ellipsoid-oblong or globose. B. fagifolia, Beddome, For est. Fl. t. 263. B. Roxburghiana, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 222.—Deccan Peninsula, 1 forests of the Western Ghats from the Conean southwards.—The flowers of this are identical with those of B. fagifolia, but if the Assam specimens of the latter plant are true, the fruit is considerably larger and broader. Dalzell describes it as a large forest tree. The Assam plant referred here by Meissner, is, I think, typical fagifolia. 3. B. Clarkei, Hook. f.; terminal buds and inflorescence tomentose, leaves 5-7 in. subopposite membranous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate not shining reticulate on both surfaces, panicles 3—4 in. peduncled lax-fld. SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Reinak, alt. 4500 ft., Clarke. : A tree, 80 ft. ; branches slender, rough, tips tomentose ; bud-scales lanceolate, ¢ 1n long. Leaves thinner in texture than in any other Indian species, 14-2 in. diam» very acute at both ends, beautifully reticulated with 10-12 pairs of nerves, aU green when dry; petiole 1-1 in., slender, pubescent. Panicles 12-20-fld., suberect, not densely tomentose; peduncle short and branches rather stout ; flowers pedicelled. Perianth cup-shaped, 4 in. diam., cleft nearly to the base; ents oblong, obtuse. Filaments broad, hairy; staminodes ovate-hastate, glabrous. Fruit not seen. 4. B. sikkimensis, King in Herb. Hort. Calc.; terminal buds pale tomentose, leaves 3-4 in. opposite elliptic oblong obtuse or subacute e obtuse or rounded opaqne above, nerves strong beneath, fruit ellipsoid. Beilschmiedia.) XXVIII, LAURINER. (J. D. Hooker.) 123 Stxxim HIMALAYA and East NEPAL; alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H., King. Possibly a form of B. Roxburghiana, but the branches and leaves are all opposite, and the leaves much smaller and more rounded at both ends ; the fruit is 1 in. long. Dr. King's specimens are in fruit only, mine gathered in E. Nepal I noted as being exactly like a small plum.— This is probably the tree referred to B. Rozburghiana by Gamble and Brandis, and stated to grow at 8000 feet elevation in Sikkim. 5 B. malaccensis, Hook. f.; terminal buds and young panicles Tusty-pubescent, leaves 6-9 in. thickly coriaceous glabrous elliptic-oblong obtuse or subacute, nerves very strong beneath, panicles short axillary, uncle and divaricating branches very stout, perianth deeply cleft, seg- ments linear-oblong sparsely pubescent. B. Roxburghiana .? malac- censis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 63. Matacca ; Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1260). Branches very stout, wea, Leaves 23-5 in. » roaa, rather shining above, eath red-brown with 8-10 very stout arched nerves; petiole }-} in., very stout. anicles horizontal, 2-3 in, long, very stout, shortly peduncled ; flowers $ in. diam., diy campanulate, stoutly pedicelled. Filaments hairy; staminodes stipitate. Ovary glabrous, style rather slender. Fruit not seen.—An imperfect specimen of a i much resembling this is in Kurz’s Andaman Herbarium. 6. B. macrophylla, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.63; branches very n with terminal bud "and petioles rusty-pubescent, leaves 10-12 in. ternate thickly coriaceous elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate, nerves strong eath, panicles very short, fruit globose. Kurz For. Fi. ii. 294. TRNASSERIM ; at Mergui, Gi; 3 s Gre th. ery near B, malaccensis, and ossibly only a large-leaved form of that plant, but without fruit of the latter they cannot be identified. tt Perianth-lobes short, rounded. ?. B. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; branchlets terminal buds and inflorescence densely tomentose, leaves 8 Uis. alternate thinly coriaceous elliptic-oblong sh wn and opaque on both surfaces, nerves beneath rather slender, van n- ort stout very dense-fid., flowers mixed with short broad coriaqeone t ma n eciduous bracts, perianth shortly cleft, lobes rounded den sely pubescent. Matacca, Mai istri angay (Kew Distrib. 1268). ; i bs ranches very As Leaver sed brown when dry, base acute; petiolo stont, only) Panicles 1-14 in., peduncle very short and branches stout. Flowers ( m, diam, Filaments hairy; staminodes stipitate. 8. B Brand 0 in. elliptic-oblon acumina, isii, Moo%. f.; leaves alternate 6-10 in. elip lobes, f° glabrous, panicles Jeet pubescent, perianth with 5 rounded Ass ult 2-24 in, long oblong. AM; ; in the Naraber Forest, Golaghat, Brandis. í " A moderate.sized tree. Leaves thinly coriaceous, base acute ; nerves dr ety rds der ;-petiole 1-14 in. Flowers about 3 in. diam., almost e imperfect, bat nthers "Stoutly peduncled, obtuse, smooth.—Flowann i jes Alseodaphne Petiolari "ly 2-celled, glabrous, otherwise it a good deal resem 9. B.? 1o : d panicle and leaves ngipes, Hook. f.; terminal buds and pa į- Date tà ashy -Pubescent, leaves f in. coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acum! long base cuneate shining above, nerves beneath very strong, panicles 8 i; stout, br. : sth shortly cleft, lobes rounded densely Sia distant few-fld., perianth shortly ? 124 CXXVIII. LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Beilschmiedia. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1248). . Branches rather stout. Leaves 7-8 by 241-9] in., usually broadest above the middle, pale greyish green above, beneath pale brown, nerves oblique, 10-12 pair; petiole stout, j-3 in. Panicles axillary, 5 in. long, erect, narrow ; peduncle and rachis rather stout, branches very short, few-fld.; flowers 7, in. diam. ; pedicel short, stout. Perianth cup-shaped, cleft to about the middle. Filaments pubescent, glands sessile; staminodes minute. Ovary glabrous, style minute. Fruit unknown.—In the absence of fruit the genus is doubtful. Sect. II. Leaves usually opposite; terminal buds enclosed in large gla- brous coriaceous concave scales. Flowers about 4, in. diam., subglobose. (I suspect that this section may constitute a genus.) 10. E. oppositifolia, Benth. in Gen. Pi. ii. 152; quite glabrous, ter- minal buds lanceolate, leaves opposite lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate obtuse shining and reticulate on both surfaces, panicles long-peduncled slender, branches spreading, flowers minute, fruit cylindric-oblong, pedicel thickened clavate. Haasia oppositifolia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 61; Beddome For. Man. 184. Apollonias zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 253. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites. f A tree, 50-60 ft. ; branches rather slender, bud-scales linear-oblong concave, Very rigid. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2i in., thinly coriaceous, alike in colour &c. on both sur- faces; base acute ; nerves 6-8 pair, very slender and oblique; petiole 3-3 in. Panicles 4-6 in.long, and flowers nearly black when dry; branches divaricate; pedicels 2-3 times as long as the subglobose flower, which is about 4-4; in. diam. Perianth wholly deciduous ; lobes rounded, obscurely pubescent. Stamens glabrous, glands and stam! nodes sessile, Fruit 3-11 in. long, sometimes subclavate, pedicel } in. long. 11. B. Wightii, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 152; quite glabrous, terminal buds lanceolate, leaves opposite elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acu- minate shining and reticulate on both surfaces, panicles long-peduncle slender, branches spreading, flowers minute. Haasia Wightii, ees No Laur. 676; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 61; Beddome Forest Fi. ovra DECCAN PENINSULA; Travancore, Tinnevelly and Anamallay Hills, Wight, Beddome. Except in the form of the leaves this seems to be B. oppositifolia, but without seeing fruit 1 hesitate before uniting them. l 12. B. assamica, Meissn. in DC. Prodr, xv. 1. 64; quite glabrous, terminal buds lanceolate, leaves opposite elliptic-ovate or lanceolate obtusely acuminate shining and reticulate on both surfaces, fruit 1} in. long very shortly pedicelled elliptic- or ovoid-oblong tip rounded or subacute basé shortly contracted pericarp thick. Assam, Jenkins.—Distris. Burma (Griffith), Munnipore. . Branches rather slender, terminal compressed ; buds } in. long, scales very corn ceous, linear-oblong, quite glabrous. Leaves 5-6 in., firmly coriaceous, pale brow? when dry, base cuneate ; nerves about 10 pair, very slender, equally prominent on bo surfaces; petiole 3 in., slender. Flowers unknown. ,19. B. Gammieana, King in Herb. Hort. Calc.; quite glabrous, tt- minal buds ovoid, leaves opposite elliptic-oblong or -ovate obtusely acum nate shining and reticulate on both surfaces, fruit 3 in. long shortly pedi- celled globosely obovoid apiculate or mammillate. East Neraz, on the north sl f Phull SIKE at T e elevation, King. "ope o IT epee? E smalltree; branchesstout; terminal buds 3 in., scales glabrous ver riaceous: tree ; 3 ; . . y co Leaves 4-6 in., firmly coriaceous, variable in breadth, colts (palé brownish ye when dry) and reticulation the same on both surfaces; base cuneate; nerves V Beilechmiedia.] oxxvir rnAvmmEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 125 slender, 12-15 pair, spreading; petiole }-} in. Panicles apparently (in the absence of es) very short, about lin. long in fruit, then stout and curved but not swollen, . l4 B.globularia, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 294; quite glabrous, terminal buds ovoid acute, leaves opposite elliptic-oblong or lanceolate reticulate on both surfaces, fruit 1-14 in. diam. globose very -fleshy with a thick hard endocarp. . ManTABAN ; on the hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Kurz. LL . Buds of B. Gammieana, leaves narrower longer and less shining, fruiting panicle very short and stout.—The specimens are very imperfect, and Kurz’s description is Wholly insufficient; he regards it as possibly a hill form of B. Rorburghiana, but Judging from the buds I should doubt its being of the same genus, and its close affinity B. Gammieana is obvious. 4 DEHAASIA, Blume. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, often fascicled at the ends of the ranches, penninerved. Flowers small, 2-sexual, in axillary peduncled anicles. Perianth-tube very short ; segments 6,3 outer much the shortest. Perfect stamens 9, filaments of 1st and 2nd series eglandular, with 2-celled Introrge anthers, of the 3rd series 2.glandular with 2-celled extrorse an- thers; staminodes 0, or few and minute. Berry oblong, pedicel very much enlarged, coloured, perianth wholly deciduous.—Species 10, Malayan. The 4-celled anthers alone distinguish this genus from Alseodaphne. The species Tequire revision with ample materials. i Ji. D. cuneata, Blume Rumph. i. 164, t. 46; glabrous, leaves subver- ticillate cuneate-obovate much narrowed at the base obtuse acute or sub- acute glaucous or not beneath, panicles long-peduncled very slender, fruit Psoid-oblong. Haasia cuneata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 378. Oryptocarya Cuneata, Blume Bijd. 558. Endiandra? Candolleana, Meissn. (by error) e Kurz For, Flor. ii. 995. P Cyanodaphne cuneata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. PT Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 76; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 926; Dicty odaphne Candolleana, Meissn. l. c. 30. Alseodaphne grandis, Kurz or. Fl, ii. 993 (not of Nees). f i Due nip ABBACAN and TrwassERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4270), Kurz, &c.— - Java. MEM ld branches stout, s : ng elongate, stout, clothed with white bark. Leaves t the tips of the bom only, E io by 2-5 in., hard, coriaceous, dark brown rnv» often with a violet-glaucous hue beneath, base narrowe p a Pone z m, long, smooth and opaque above; nerves 8-10 pair, impressed a d 5 neath. Panicles 3-6 in. peduncle and pedicels: black when dry, minutely pu- rulous, branches and pedicels divaricate, slender. in flower; flowers subg or ose, WD. diam, Stamens short, densely tomentose. Fruit 1-1} in. long, bluish d abt! ated Swollen pedicel 3 to 14 in, long, straight or curved, warted. —I th acter y, referred to this Blume’s Cyanodaphne cuneata, suspecting that tne tube) r fou re to the fruit (of being, as in Cryptocarya, enclosed in the periant tabe) ( peed in error; Blume’s Javanese flowering specimens of Cyanodap ta, and the fruit Tr, Seen no fruit from him) are identical with the Indian D. cuneat pans the be have described unquestionably belongs to it. Kurz quotes Oan dolleana, an e ndiandra ? Candolleana, intending no doubt Diciyodaphne Cad 1610 of Wallig o mese plant for which Meissner quotes the numbers oh Burma collection. b “4 b D. Kurzii, King i Calcutt.; glabrous, leaves sub- Yeni: » King in Herb. Hort. > b- eerücillate cuneate- or rhombic-obovate much narrowed at the base o jj, acuminate glaucous or not beneath, panicles long peduncled very sl . . li d D oblong Outer perianth-lobes 4 smaller .than the inner, fruit cylindric 126 CXXVIIL LAURINEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) - [Dehaasia. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4272). ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Herb. Hort. Bot. Calc. ` . Very similar to D. cuneata, and perhaps a variety of that plant with longer more elliptic and acuminate leaves, which in Helfer's specimens are 3-6 in. long, but in the Andaman ones 6-10 in. The fruit of the Andaman plant is 2 in. long, with a stout fleshy warted pedicel 1.in. long. 3. D. elongata, Blume in Nees Syst. Laur. 377, and in Rumphial, 163, t. 47; characters of D. cuneata, but fruit globose on a very short pedicel. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 60 (Haasia); Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 929 (Haasia). ANDAMAN IsraNDS, Herb. Hort. Calc.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. Dr. King suspects this to be a form of D. cuneata, and I think he is right; the leaves are 8-11 in. long, the flowers larger than in D. cuneata, the fruit 1-14 in. diam. with a very fleshy sarcocarp and quite globose. 4. D. microcarpa, Blume in Nees Syst. Laurin. 373, and Rumph. 1 162, t. 44; glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic-oblong acuminate not glaucous beneath, panicles shortly peduncled, outer perianth-lobes $ smaller than the inner, fruit cylindric-globose. JMeissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 60; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 928. Laurus incrassata, Jack in Mal. Mise. 1. 7. 33? (em Wall. Cat. 2589.) Persea incrassata, Nees Syst. 197. Machilus incrassatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 70. ? Haasia incrassata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 376; Miquel l. c. 390. Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1274). ? Singapore, Prince.—D18- TRIB, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. „Branches woody, white, Leaves not so fascicled towards the ends of the branches as in the preceding species, 9-14 by 34-54 in., coriaceous, base acute, smooth, greenish or pale greenish brown on both surfaces when dry; nerves about 12 pair, very pro- minent beneath; petiole stout, 3-1 in. Panicles 2-6 in., black when dry, branches stout, spreading; pedicels obconic in flower, 3-4 in. Perianth 3 in. diam., nearly glabrous ; lobes broad, outer obtuse, inner subacute. Stamens longer and less villous than in the preceding species. Fruit « baccate, 1 in. long, blue-black, shining, sub- tended by the enlarged slightly thickened perianth, pedicel enlarged fleshy trigonous bright scarlet warted,” Maingay.—Though the fruit is large, I refer this to Blume’s D. microcarpa, of which that author describes and figures apparently young fruit only; for after a most careful analysis I can find no difference between authentic specimens of Blume’s plant and this; furthermore Blume states that both his figure and description of the fruit are taken from another source. D. squarrosa, Zoll., seems identical. Jack quotes Rumph. Amb. i. 162, t. 44, for his L. incrassata, but the plate is not characteristic, if taken for this plant. Í DOUBTFUL SPECIES. HAASIA NITIDA, Meissn. im DC. Prodr. 1. 61 has 4-celled anthers and is an Alseodaphne. xv. 1. Gl, ftom Borneo, has HAASIA PEDUNCULARIS, Nees, Meissn. l. c. See Alseodaphne peduncularis. 5 ENDIANDRA, Brown. „Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers small, in axillary panicles. Perianth-tube very short; segments 6, in 2 series Perfect stamens 2, all of the 3rd order, extrorsely 2.locular, filaments 2- landular or not; staminodes 0, or 3 minute, or replaced by a fleshy ring. erry oblong. or subglobose, pedicel hardly thickened ; perianth usually wholly deciduous.—Species about 15, Indian, Malayan, Australian and Pacific. mig l E. firma, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rav. ii. 68, and Syst. Laurin. 195; . Endiandra.] — cxxvur. ravmmE. (J. D. Hooker.) 127 glabrous, leaves 5-8 in. elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate coriaceous base acute concolorous and finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves distinct, panicles lax-fld. much shorter than the leaves. Metssn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.79. Laurus firma, Wall. Cat. 2597. ` J SILHET, De Silva. CACHAR, Keenan. Branches terete, woody ; terminal buds small, puberulous. Leaves when dry red- brown on both surfaces ; nerves 10-11 pair, sunk above, prominent beneath, very obliquely arched ; petiole 3 in., stout. Panicle 1-2 in., obscurely puberulous, black when dry ; branches spreading ; flowers pedicelled, minutely bracteolate. Perianth Sampanulate, 3 in. diam. ; segments broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous externally, three inner smaller, tomentose within, as is a triangular space at the base of the outer and the base of the perianth within. Anthers 8, sessile, subsagittately oblong, obtuse, thick, tomentose, with linear-oblong obtuse sublateral cells and oblong valves. Fruit in Cachar specimen) 1} in. long, elliptic-ovoid, quite smooth, tip rounded.—Nees escribes the leaves as sometimes opposite, and the fruit as oblong, 2 by } in., seated 9n the small orbicular base of the perianth ; but Wallich’s specimens, the only ee to Nees, are in flower only (having no fruit), and all the leaves are 2. E. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves 94 in. coriaceous elliptic or elliptic- oblong obtusely subcaudate acuminate, minutely reticulated, nerves very Obscure, racemes very short glabrous few-fld., perianth unequally 6-cleft, 511-2 in. oblong. Mazacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1270). . , , Branches rather slender. Leaves 13-2 in. diam., firmly coriaceous, red-brown, vcr ing and finely reticulated on both surfaces; nerves 8-10 pair, very slender and Aintly raised on both surfaces, base acute; petiole }-} in. Racemes } in. long or ess, hoary ; buds globose, 32 in. diam. Sepals very coriaceous, concave. Stamens teg almost in the centre of the flower. Ovary sunk in the very short perianth- "i ile short, stigma minute. Fruit solitary, axillary, peduncles (or pedicels) In. long. 6. SYNDICLIS, Hook. f. A glabrous tree Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers minute, Panicled, bisexual, gland-dotted. Perianth 4-partite, wholly deciduous ; Segments transversely oblong, 2-seriate, the two inher rather smaller. “fect stamens 4, opposite to and as long as the perianth-lobes, broadly wate, thick, pubescent and gland-dotted, l-celled; cell small, opening ntrorse]y by a single valve; staminodes 4, minute, lanceolate, hirsute. ary glabrous, tapering into an acute style. S. paradoxa, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1515. dcl s den i | ly pubescent or hoary anenlets slender, leafy at the ti s, the very young obscurely pubescent or h . sie it Petioled, 3-5 by DEN in., Pather meriliranous, obovate-oblong, acumadieats, ised pote Pairs of slender nerves, drying pale brown, conspicuously feficajaéet wit than tpo oles on both surfaces; base acute; petiole ẹ in., slender. Panioles a or er in di eaves, axillary, slender, with spreading few-flowered branches i, ove à broade 4"; pedicels long, thickened under the flower. Perianth-segments s rt, ia T than long, subreniform, early falling away in one piece. Stamens (apparently Valve, anthers) very large for the size of the flower, pubescent all over except » (as i£ lowed in front with the small cell towards the lip in front ; valve emargina e think y confluent valves), finally recurved over the top of the anther; stamin es, Order wit; tt’ with the anthers.—An exceedingly curious plant, the only oe : t e by M pth l-celled anthers ; it was in a collection of plants made in Bhotan . o "€ nephew of the late Thomas Nuttall, who gave the collection to Sir 128 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Cinnamomum.. 7. CINNAMOMUMD!, Blume. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually triple- nerved. Flowers small, 2-sexual or polygamous, in axillary and subterminal panicles ; females usually largest, vith often fewer parts. Perianth-tube short; segments 6, subequal. Perfect stamens 9 or fewer, filaments of 1st and 2nd series eglandular, with introrse 4-celled anthers; of the 3rd 2- glandular with extrorse 4-(rarely 2-)celled anthers; staminodes of the 4th Series cordate or sagittate. Fruit seated on the enlarged perianth, the segments of which are wholly or in part deciduous, or very rarely per- sistent and entire.—Species about 130?, tropical and subtropical Eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific. The following is a very imperfect account of the British Indian Cinnamoma, to discriminate the species of which with any approach to completeness or accuracy re- quires a careful study of living specimens. I am so uncertain of the limits of the described species and their synonymy, that I have sparingly quoted from such authors as Miquel and Nees, who must often have worked upon very incomplete materials; and from referring to extra-Indian species, which may or may not be identical with Indian. Meissner did much towards reforming the genus, but more remains to be done, I have retained a good many species that I suspect will not stand. In the * Genera Plantarum” it is suggested that the genus may be reduced to ten species, bat I do not see my way to this. The fruiting perianth is incorrectly described in that work ; it is usually greatly enlarged, and the lobes sometimes persist. Sect. I. Malabathrum. Buds naked or with very small scales. Leaves opposite, triple-nerved, rarely alternate or penninerved ; axils of prin- cipal nerves without pits. * Leaves opposite or subopposite, triple-nerved. a. Species of the Himalaya and Northern India. 1. C. Tamala, Fr. Nees in Nees & Eberm. Med. Pharm. Bot. ii. 496, and Plant. Officin.fasc. 4; leaves 9-10 in. ovate oblong or lanceolate usually acuminate 3-nerved, nerves not impressed above, panicles scarcely exceeding the leaves, perianth sparingly silky-pubescent, lobes deciduous in fruit, stamens and ovary villous, fruit small ellipsoid. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. XV. - 1.17; Hayne, Arnz. Gew. xii. t.26; Blume Rumph. t. 14, f. 3, 4; Nees ih Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 75, and Syst. Laurin. 56; Brand. For. Fl. 974; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb, 306. C. albiflorum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 75, and iii. 32, and in Syst. Laurin. 58; Wight Ic.t.140; Blume Rumph. t. 14, f. 2?.. C. Cassia, Don Prodr. 67 (not of Linn). C. pauciflorum, var. PB. Tazia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 17. Persea Tamala, Spreng. Syst. ii. 268. Laurus Cassia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 30; Wall. Cat. 9580. L. albi- flora, Wall. Cat. 2569. L. Tamala, Tazia, Someaurium & Sailyana, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xii. 555-558. ° TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from near the Indus to Bhotan, alt. 3-5000 ft., ascending to 7800 in Sikkim. Sr~HeT and Kuasa Mrs., alt. 38-4000 tt A moderate-sized tree. Leaves usually 4-5 in. long, very variable in breadtb, rarely alternate, shining above, rarely elliptical and obtuse, venules below very 9 scure, more distinct in Sikkim specimens; a single specimen from the Deyra doon (Falconer) has broader (23 in.) leaves with 5 nerves. Flowers i—l in. long. Frw 3 in. long; peduncle and calyx small, j in. long, the latter usually } in. diam. with truncate lobes.—-Khasian specimens from the Bor-panee River have leaves only 3-1! diam. Brandisis the authority for this species advancing westward to near the Indus; Garwhal is the most western locality k i , ieties have zo distinctive dinis ity known to me. Meissner s three varieties 2. C. obtusifolium, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 73, and Syst Mem a. Cinnamomum.] CXXVII. LAURINER. (J. D. Hooker.) 129 Laur. 33; leaves quite glabrous 8-12 in. very coriaceous elliptic-oblong obtuse acute or acuminate 3-nerved, nerves not impressed above, panicles very large and stout subterminal and corymbiform often exceeding the eaves, perianth subsilky-pubescent, lobes persistent in fruit, stamens and ovary sparsely hairy or glabrous, fruit small ellipsoid or subglobose. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 12; Wight Ic. t. 139; Kurz For, Fl. ii. 287; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 305. Laurus obtusifolia, Roxb, FI. Ind. ii. 302; Wall. Cat. 2574. L. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 9515. L. Bejolghota and L.:-Bazania, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 559, 560. L. Cassia, Herb. Ham. l "CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Hamilton, &c.; Sikkim, ascending to 7000 ft. Assam, SILHET and the KHAstA Mrs., and southwards to TENASSERIM and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS. . À large robust plant, the largest leaved of the Indian species. Leaves often glau- cous beneath, nervules faint or distinct; petiole short, robust. Flowers small (4 in diam.), often crowded at the ends of the much-branched long-peduncled crowded panicles, Fruit 1-3 in. long, succulent ;. peduncle and calyx j- in. long, the latter 1 in, broad in fruit, lobes rounded in Sikkim specimens, narrower and more acute in Silhet ones, . 36. impressinervium, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 21; leaves quite glabrous 3-5 in. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate 3-nerved, nerves deeply impressed in age, panicles shorter than the leaves silkily tomentose, fruiting "A yx small pyriform or cupular, enclosing the small unripe fruit, lobes wholly deciduous. . | SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-6000 ft., Herb. Griffith, J. D. H.—DISTRIB. Yunan. . Branches slender ; buds and young shoots silky. Leaves brown when dry, 1-2 in. iam., shining above, paler beneath, with faint reticulations ; petiole very peut Panicles shortly peduncled, rather few-fid.. Fruiting calyx and pedicels 4 in.; mout quite entire; the fruit is too young to determine its nature. 4. ©. pauciflorum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 75, and Syst. Laur, 68; leaves quite glabrous 2-4 in. ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate 3-nerved, base acute rounded or cordate, panicles shorter than the leaves few-fld. nearly glabrous, calyx-lobes wholly deciduous in fruit. Meisen: HA DC. Prodr, xv. 1. 17, excl. var. 8.; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 305; on ro 2579. Q. recurvatum, Wight Ic. t. 183. Laurus recurvata, Roxb. Fl. - li. 301, ` su E mAsTA Mrs. ; alt. 4000 ft., De Silva, J. D. H. & T. T. Assam VALLEY and HET, Gamble. . ° th A small tree, buds and young shoots glabrous. Leaves very much smaller than in e nea preceding species, firmly coriaceous, usually glaucous and finely reticulated be- à Wand doubtfully to this as a variety, is clearly C. Tamala, as the specimen in Herb. above the middl ; The drawing of Roxburgh : ‘ e, and must be a very different plant. ' MP ight has copied (1c. t. 138) is unnamed in the original. Another drawing of i xburgh’s named L. dulcis equally disagrees with the description in ora Indi : ] Rox- burgh’s § strong lateral nerves pfoduced to the tip. Wallich doubtfully refers Ox baa ect insula, See also C. zeylanicum $ obtusifolium Burma and the Malay Peninsu ( VOL, vy. K 130 CXXVII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Cinnamomum. 5. C. javanicum, Blume Bijd. 570, and Rumph. 42, t. 19; branches petioles young. leaves beneath and panicles fulvous-tomentose at lengh vlabrate, leaves 6-12 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong acuminate strongly 3- nerved transverse nerves very strong beneath, panicle shorter than the leaves few-fid. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 10. " SINGAPORE, at Madang, Cantley. ? Penang, JFalker.—DISTRIB. Java, . Su- matra, Borneo. . t3 Branches robust. Leaves firmly coriaceous, shining above; petiole stout. | Pani- cles 3-4 in. long, perianth densely tomentose. Fruit unknown.—The Singapore specimens in late flower are certainly the Javan plant, but the Penang ones, whic have neither flower nor fruit, have the leaves more narrowed into the very short thick petiole. 6. C. Cassia, Blume Bijd. 5702; leaves 3-4 in. glabrous oblong to oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate 3-nerved, petiole slender, panicles cymose silky terminal and axillary, flowers small, fruit the size of a peà with the perianth-lobes persistent or truncate. Ava; on the Kakhyen Hills, Kurz.—Distr1B. China. I have refrained from quoting synonyms for Kurz's plant, of which.I have seen no specimens; it is remarkable for the small size of the fruit, in which respect it agrees with the plant that yields the Cassia bark of China, but differs in the perianth- lobes being sometimes persistent, these being wholly deciduous in the China plant, leaving a perfectly entire mouth of the fruiting perianth. In Bentley and Trimen'$ Med. PI. (iii. t, 233) they are represented as minute and persistent. . 7. €. iners, Reinw. in Blume Bijd. 570; leaves glabrous 3-8, in, lanceolate oblong or linear-oblong 3-nerved, base acute or obtuse, panicles slender long-peduncled often exceeding the leaves silkily pubescent, flowers small, perianth 4, in. long lobes persistent, fruit oblong } in. long base gunk iD : the perianth. Metssn.in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 19 (excl. var. y.) ; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 73; Wight Ic. t. 192; ? Kurz For. Fl.ii.987. C, mala bathrum, Batka in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xvii. 2. 618, t. 45; Nees Syst. Laur. 38, 663. C. Griffithii; Meissn. l. c. 19. C. gracile, Miquel Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, i. 259. Laurus malabathrum, Wall. Cat. 2583 A in part (not of Rowb.). L. nitida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 300; Wall. Cat. 2582, excl. B. _TENASSERIM, Kurz; at Mergui, Griffith, Maracca, Griffith, Maingay, (Kew Distrib, 1242, 1243). PENANG, Wallich, Phillips.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Java. A tree, branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves very variable in breadth, rarely ovate and rounded at the base, shining above, nerves continued to the tip. Panicles very lax-fld., with spreading branches and pedicels; flowers about jj in. long. Fruiting perianth rather spreading when dry, J in. diam.—Kurz describes the fruiting perianth as truncately 6-lobed, implying that the lobes are partially deciduous, and the frais as $ in. long, which makes me doubt the identity of his plant with that described above. Wallich’s L. malabathrum is, I think, this, and is not Roxburgh's, who takes the name, following Solander, for Rheede's Malabar plant. There is in the ew Herbarium a Canara specimen of what resembles this, but it is not in fruit. 8. ? C. nitidum, Blume Rumph. i. 35, t. 13, f. 2, and t. 16, f 1,25 leaves 3-9 in. glabrous elliptic oblong or linear-oblong obtuse 3-nerve% panicles slender long-peduncled often longer than the leaves silkily pubescent, perianth 4 in. long lobes rounded and persistent in fruit. C. iners, y. subvenosum, in part, Meissn. m DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 21. C. eucalyptoi es, F. Nees Pl. Off. Suppl. fasc. iv. 5. 9; Nees Syst. Laur. Al. C. iners, Wall. Cat. 2583 E, and in Wall. Pl. As. Bar. ii. 73. ? D. Culit- laban, Road. Fl. Ind. ii.299; Wighi Ic. t. 197; Wall. Cat.2583 C. Laurus malabathrum, L. ?, Wall. Cat. 2583 in part (not of Roxb.). ees See eae Cinnamomum.] CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 131 TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith. PENANG and Burma, Wallich. CANARA?, Herb. Stocks & Dalzell.— DisTRIB. Malay Islands and Moluccas. ery like C. iners, and perhaps only a variety, but the flowers are longer and almost twice as large.—Roxburgh's L. Culitlaban, for which he cites Willdenow, and which he identifies with Rumph. Amb. ii. t. 14, is from Amboyna, and described as a slender Cypress-like tree with short appressed branches, and panicles stouter than the leaves ; his figure (Wight Ic. t. 137) represents the leaves as much more acute than in the specimen in Herb. Wallich. 9.G. Tavoyanum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 20; branchlets young leaves beneath and panicles tomentosely pubescent, leaves 4-6 in. e'ptie- or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate 3-nerved, panicles slender 228-peduncled few-fid., flowers long-pedicelled din. long. C. sulphuratum, urz For. Fl. ii. 288, not of Nees. ©. sulphuratum y merguense, Meissn. Le18. C. lucens, Miquel Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd, Bat, i. 261. €. obtusi- folium, var., Wal]. Cat. 2569 G. TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Gomez; Mergui, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4241), Helfer (Kew Distrib. A245, C. iners ?); Moulmein, Parish. ; 15 again is very near C, iners, from which the copious fulvous tomen um, narTower leaves, usually slender and longer petiole, longer pedicels and larger lowers distinguish it, Tt is also very near if not identical with C. sulphuratum, but in the absence of fruit I do not venture to unite it. . 10. c. vimineum, Nees Syst. Laur. 82, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 76; quite glabrous, branches very slender, leaves 3-4 in. subopposite va Ceolate obtuse 3-nerved shining above, margins waved. Meissn, in DC. rodr. xv. 1.19, Laurus viminea, Wall. Cat, 2578. . Panaye; Porter, Sees tea - The slender habit and small shining leaves with waved margins distinguish this “po, There are no flowers in Wallich's specimens, and two flowers distribut With it to Herb. Hook. are detached, and perhaps do not belong to the leaf-bearing rll oe | : — Kurz informs me that boiled leaves smell of fon hd. very small and nearly glabrous.—Kurz 1l. €. mollissimum, Mook. f. ; branches petioles and leaves beneath densely villous with soft white hae, leaves elliptic acuminate S-nerved, h wucles very slender strict few-fld. shorter than the leaves, flowers minu Plortly pedicelled. PENANG ; Curtis, l pal ranches slender, but thickened by the long soft spreading hairs. Teque 56 p p greyish white beneath when dry, above pale green and finely. so y, pu T à Pee Elabrate ; nerves strong beneath, reaching the tip; petiole stou 3 Pi . Omentose. nage? trichotomously branched at the tip only. Flowers ws in. lor g, able and gi Pedicels hardly as long. Perianth-lobes short, rounded.—. y ! n singularly fragrant species. e, nitidur? ng) of the Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon. (See C. iners. § = „i. ann. 4, 139; leaves te seylanicum, Breyn in Ephem. Nat. Cur. dec. i. ann labrous very coriaceous ovate or ovate-lanceolate 3—5-nerved obtuse or subacute reticulate beneath, panicle often longer than es aes ai my pubescent, perianth 4 in. long, fruiting peduncle campanula jin. Apieg, s wed with the rounded perianth-lobes, fruit oblong $ in. long if, ge dry. Nees Syst. Laurin, 95, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 74, and 825 Meissn, in DG. Prodr. xv. 1. 13; Blume Bid. pei Wight Ie, 132 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Cinnamomum. t. 123, 129, 134; Wall. Cat. 2573; Beddome Fer. Fil. t. 262, and For. Man. 184, and Flor. Sylv. t. 242; Bentl. $ Trim. Med. Pl. ii. t. 224; Thwaites Enum. 252 (excl. some vars.) ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 237; Miquel Fi. Ind. Bat. i. 898. C. aromaticum, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.173; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl.71. ? C.iners, Wight Ic. t.122 bis. Laurus cinnamomum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 295. L. nitida, Wall. Cat. 2582? B. L. Cassia, Burm. Fl. Ind. 91; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 555; Spreng. Syst. ii. 567; Bot. Mag. t. 1636, copied in Wight Ic. t. 128. TENASSERIM, Burma and the MALAY PENINSULA; DECCAN PENINSULA and CEYLON, indigenous or cultivated.—Distris. Cultivated in the Malay Islands and elsewhere in the tropics, . . . I am unable to unravel the synonymy of the varieties attributed to this species by Nees and others. Thwaites suspects that it passes into C. nitidum and iners. This is possible if the fruiting calyces prove the same, though not into C. obtusifolium, which, besides its characters of leaf and panicle, appears to have a different range. have also kept C. multiflorum and ovalifolium (which Thwaites unites with zeylanicum), as distinct, though with hesitation. Kurz (For. Fl.) describes the fruiting perianth d zeylanicum as truncately 5-cleft, but I find the lobes in fruit all perfect and round in what I take to be typical specimens. Meissner's var. feniculaceum (Ceylon, Thwaites 2281) seems to have no recognizable character, and Thwaites does not ert tinguish it. Vars. inodorum and Cassia of Nees I suppose to be the same thing, an are the faintly aromatic wild forms, passing probably into nitidum, the fruiting perianth of which is unknown, Beddome’s figure of zeylanicum is of a very coarse leaved var. from the Nilghiris, which he calls Var. Wightii ; his fig. 11 on the same plate representing what he supposes to be fruit of iners is perhaps referable to C. macrocarpum. 13. C. multiflorum, Wight Ic. t. 126 and 131; branches slender branchlets and young leaves beneath clothed with fine white pubescence leaves opposite 2-4 in. thinly coriaceous usually ovate-lanceolate acuminate 3-nerved, panicles slender much branched many-fld., flowers small subcory™ bose, pedicels slender, perianth } in. long. Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 15. C. zeylanicum, var. B., Thwaites Enum. 959. C. villosum & dubium, Wight Jc. t. 127, 135. C. perpetuo-florens, Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 63; Wight Te. t. 141 C.iners, var. 6.? dubium, Meissn. l. c. 20. Laurus dubia, Wall. Cat. 2571. CEYLON; common in the Central Province, ascending to 3000 ft. This, which Thwaites finds it difficult to distinguish from zeylanicum, is a more slender plant, with much smaller and less coriaceous leaves, and very much smaller flowers, Wallich's Z. dubia received from Wight as L. Cassia seems the same thing, and probably came from Ceylon. 14. C. sulphuratum, Nees ia Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 74, and. S$ Laur. 55; branches petioles young leaves beneath or on both surfaces an panicles densely fulvous-tomentose, leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic oblong ` or ovate-lanceolate obtuse or acute 3—5-nerved, panieles shorter than the leaves long-peduncled, flowers few corymbose, perianth 1 in. long lobes ro sistent, fruit 4-3 in. ellipsoid fleshy. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 11 (erel. vars. and syn. villosum). Laurus malabathrum, Wall. Cat. 9583 D- NiranrRi Hirrs, Heyne, &c. . Leaves very variable in breadth, base acute, nerves very strong aud often pubes cent on the upper surface, old perfectly glabrous and very rigidly coriaceous J mountain ? specimens often short broad and convex with recurved margins; pe usually short, 4 in., and stout. Panicles stout, 2-4 in. Fruiting perianth $ in. dias lobes rounded. Fruit minutel e y apiculate.— Very closely allied to C. Tuavoyanum, : not conspecilic, : 15. C. Wightii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 11; branches and Cinnamomum.] . CXXVIII. LAURINER. (J. D. Hooker.) 133 petioles very robust, terminal buds globose silky, leaves subopposite 3-4 in. thickly coriaceous elliptic broadly ovate or oblong obtuse: glaucous beneath, nerves 3-6 continued to near the tip, panicles fulvous-tomentose usually longer than the leaves, peduncle branches and pedicels very stout few- or many-fld., perianth 4 in. lobes deciduous, fruit globose seated on the very thick obeonic base of the perianth. C. Bazania, var. parvifolia, Mees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 32, and Syst. Laurin. 96. Niten Hits, Wight, Perrottet, &c.; Dindygul, Wight. . . Branches as thick as a goose-quill, apparently soft, shrinking and black when dry, young nearly glabrous. Leaves sometimes almost rounded, finely. reticulated beneath, se acute; petiole 4-4 in., often: very broad. Panicles long-peduncled ; pedicels shorter than the perianth. Fruit in. diam.; base of perianti about $ in. diam., obconie, fleshy.—Apparently a very distinct species, but I am not certain that the ruit is normal, it has a diseased look. 16. ©, ovalifolium, Wight Ic. t. 125; branches and petioles very robust, terminal buds. very small,leaves subopposite 3—4 in. thickly coria- ceous elliptic orbicular or sublanceolate tip rounded or obtuse, nerves 3 Vanishing beyond the middle, panicles hoary usually shorter than the leaves long-peduncled few-fid. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 22. C. zeylanicum, var. ovalifolium, Thwaites Enum. 252. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 4-8000 ft. . d ellipfic- | ery young branchlets and leaves silky. Leaves rarely 5 in. long and e ipi i > anceolate, pale and finely reticulated beneath, with 3 faint or distinct nerves, bas “Smetimes cordate; petiole usually short and very stout, but sometimes $. in. Panicles solitary or 2-3-nate, often only 3-fld. Perianth about 2 in. long. Thwaites, rom a note on his specimens made subsequently to the publication of his Enemon =o was disposed to regard this as distinct from zeylanicúm. The evanescence o -— i i tant but not an absolute character, o beyond the middle of the leaf is a very constan 17. c. litsecefoliu Thwaites Enum. 258; glabrous or nearly so, leaves subopposite 3-5 in. thickly coriaceous ovate or oblong tip pone clo 1 : herves 3-5 very indistinct rarely produced to the mid e pe hy. Sender, panicles subterminal longer than the leaves branched lax me Y DG branth small campanulate silky, lobes early caducous. Merssn. * Prodr. xs. 1.22, CEYLON ; Centr i ft., Thwaites. . ; al Province, at Hapotelle, alt. 5000 ft., . subs! tree, 50-60 ft. high, branched at the top ; branchlets and small terminal bads silky. Leaves hard, flat, pale brown ; nerves almost immersed in , MS mbosa at the ute ; petiole 3-2 in. Panicles on long stout peduncles ; flowers subcory e i ici iantb, stout. Perianth abont yp in. lorg branches; pedicels longer than the peri 18. c. macrocarpum, Hook. f.; branches slender, leaves 5-8 in. pblon -lanceolate 3-5-nerved, petiole fi in., fruiting perianth 3 in. aly e Y funnel-shaped very shortly 6-toothed, fruit 1 im. long I» 1.57. ~ RE: C. iners, ight Ic. t. 130. Carua, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 1. heede Hort, Mal. i, t. 51. CANARA, Dal zell, . 2 th yen 11-3 in. broad, rather thinly coriaceous, very faintly reticulate beneath, : ; than Sere atro d in, above the bases etl Lm ei a mc the liepa fruiting peduncle long, slender for the size o together with the thickereg ^ Of the genus. Fruiting perianth apparently fleshy, - “ened pedicel nearly 1 in, long. 19. c, Sracile, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves 134 CXXVII. LAURINEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cinnamomum. i i i i ipti btusely te 3-4 in. thinly coriaceous elliptic ovate or lanceolate D) abominate 3-nerved finely reticulate on both surfaces, panicles axillary Maca slender shorter than the leaves few-fd., pedicels very long and slender, flowers very small. uta DECCAN ; Tinnevelly Hills, alt. 3-4500 ft., Beddome. ; A shrub or tree ; branches usually pale. Leaves 3-13 in. broad, pale green, a caudate, glaucous or not beneath, base acute, nerves not produced to the tip 2 peros slender, 1-j in. Panicles 6-8-fld.; pedicels 1-1 in. long; flowers 1 its, pete quite glabrous, as are the stamens and ovary.—Apparently a very distinct and p little species, but more specimens are wanted. ** Leaves mostly alternate, triple-nerved. 20. C. caudatum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 76, and Syst. Law 83; leaves alternate 3-4 in. thinly coriaceous orbicular or elliptic obtuso 1 caudate-acuminate 3—5-nerved, flowers minute in very short axillary fowo a pubescent cymes, fruiting perianth turbinately funnel-shaped fleshy 6- P: s s fruit ellipsoid or globose fleshy. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 23; For. Fl. ii. 289. Laurus caudata, Wall. Cat. 2603. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 1—4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T., &. BURMA, in the Kakhyen Hills, Kurz.— DISTRIB. Yunan. 3 A large glabrous shrub with slender spreading branches. Leaves rarely OPPO aers brown when dry, sometimes oblique, base acute, nervules transverse, very sCias ; petiole slender, J in. 'Cymes irregular, sometimes reduced to one or two axillary flowers ; flowers 4, in. diam.; pedicels slender. Fruiting perianth 3— in. diam., very fleshy. Fruit rarely obovoid, 21. ©. Perrottetii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1.22; densely tales tomentose on branches and both surfaces of young leaves and panic ds leaves mostly alternate long-petioled oblong or ovate-oblong S-nerved GP obtuse or rounded, panicles shorter or longer than the leaves stout few- * flowers large subsessile. NirenrRi Hirrrs, Perrottet, Wight. A shrub? branches stout. Leaves thickly coriaceous, in age glabrous on bon faces and shining above, base acate; petiole $-1} in. Flowers 8-nate, i in. longs sessile or narrowed into a very short stout pedicel, densely tomentose. Fru not seen, *** Leaves subopposite, penninerved. 22. €. citriodorum, Tkwaites Enum. 253; leaves 2-3 in. subopposite quite glabrous densely coriaceous ovate or oblong obtuse penninerved, nerve very faint, panicles longer than the leaves stout branched laxly many- subsilky, flowers stoutly pedicelled. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 22 CEYLON; Saffragam and near Galagama, alt. 1-2000 ft., Thwaites. ie A tree, 20-30 ft.; branches stout. Leaves very hard, pale brown and shine when dry, base rounded or acute, nerves spreading from the very obscure midri ite petiole $-} in. Flowers about } in. long, pedicels about as long.—I have seen no fru eissner describes the calyx-lobes as deciduous, the fruiting calyx as truncate an quite entire, 2 lines in diameter, and the fruit as ovoid, Sect. IL Camphora. Buds enclosed in large orbicular concave | silky caducous imbricating scales. Leaves alternate, penninerved ; axils principal nerves often pitted. Perianth-lobes wholly caducous in age. , The Camphor tree, C. camphora, F. Nees (Wall. Cat, 6847), belongs to this gi tion ; it is commonly cultivated in India. Cinnamomum.] oxxvur LAvRINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 135 23. C. Slanduliferum, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 95 (exel. var. B.); leaves 3-5 in. alternate elliptic or lanceolate caudate-acuminate penni- nerved, panicles axillary long-peduncled few-fld. nearly glabrous, flowers sparsely pubescent without villous within. Camphora glandulifera, Wees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 72, and Syst. Laurin. 90. Laurus glandulifera, Wall. in Act. Ser. Med. & Phys. Calcutt. i. 45, with plate, and Cat. 2601; Brandis For. Flor. 376; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 306. CENTRAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, top of Sheopore, Wallich; ? Kumaon, at Petora, alt. 5000 ft., Thomson. KHASIA Mrs.; Myrung, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T. A tree; branches stout, smooth, black when dry. eaves very variable in size and breadth, thickly coriaceous, often glaucous beneath, brown when dry; nerves erecto-patent ; petiole 1—1 in., slender. Panicles 2 in. long, peduncle very slender glabrous ; flowers shortly pedicelled, jJ in. diam. Stamens hairy. Ovary glabrous.— I have described this species from Wallich’s Nepal plants with nearly glabrous panicles, referring the tomentose flowered var. B. caniflora of Meissner to C. cecico- daphne, Brandis and Gamble no doubt include it under their glanduliferum. If the fruit which is unknown be not different, I do not see how Wallich's plant is to be - distinguished from C. Parthenoxylon. 24. C. cecicodaphne, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 25; habit and characters of €. glanduliferum, but panicles shorter crowded and densely mentose as are the flowers within and without, fruit 14 in. long oblong. - glanduliferum, B. caniflorum, Meissn. i. c. Camphora caniflora, Meissn, . mss. Cecicodaphne glaucescens, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 70, an st. Laurin, 903. Tetranthera glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 2560. Laurus glaucescens, Herb, Ham. , . Ti Himataya; Sikkim, J. D. H.; Bhotan, Grith., Assam, Mann oye Mts., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4247). SILHET, Hamilton, &c. . : As stated MH ander, this ay prove a form of that plant, as Meissner AIPPOSed; it differs from C. Parthenoxylon in the tomentose panicles and large oblong fruit, 3- 25. €. inunctum, Meissn, in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 25; leaves alternate 5 in. long-petioled elliptic-oblong or ovate obtusely acuminate Tidi 7 nerved, nerves very faint finely reticulate beneath, panicles solitary s E glabrous few-fld. flowers long-pedicelled glabrous. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 289. amphora, inuncta, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 32, and Syst. Laurin. 3; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 905. Tetranthera camphoracea, Watt. h cbe micrantha, Meissn. mss. ). 4256) AVOY, Gomez, Herb. Calcutt. Maxacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4206) z, : À tree with slender branches which are Mit hen dry. Leaves in w allich’s Pecimens 3 in., in King’s 5 in., thinly coriaceous, with two long sub-basa wld i petiole 4) in. Panicle slender, 2-3 in. long, long-peduncled, subcorymbosely few-fid. ; PWeTS h in, broad, on slender pedicels 3-} in. “Fruiting perianth funnel-sha ped. the & Ovoid the size of a pea," Meissner.— Wallich's specimens are very nage Ba Ann may fut described by Nees is not on it. I suspect C. inodorum, Meissn., yl VN 3Y be the same plant, and both may possibly be referable to C. Parthenozy^on. 26. ©. Parthe ; in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 26; leaves nlternate elliptic ovate or, blog sabcaudate-acaminate penninerved ofter peri cous beneath, panicles short nearly glabrous shorter than the lobosa Ki anth nearly glabrous without pubescent within, fruit 4 in. diam. glo 10 l o oor. Fl ii. 289; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 290. C. pseudo-sassafras, ra Gas 27. C.? malaccense, Meissn. l c. 27. C. Neesianum, Meissn. do. aan Dhora Parthenoxylon, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 76. C. spe o- "ras, Miquel in Zolling. Verseichn. 113, 114 im part. C. chinensis 136 CXXVII. LAURINXEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Cinnamomum. Nees in Otto Gartenzeit. 1833, 91, and Syst. Laurin. 92. Sassafras Par- thenoxylon, Nees Syst. Laurin. 491; Wight Ic. t. 1832. Parthenorylon porrectum and P. pseudo-sassafras, Blume Mus. Bot, Lugd. Bat. i. 32 h Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat.i.1.917. Persea pseudo-sassafras, Zolling. in Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. ii. 635. Laurus Parthenoxylon, Jack in Mal. Mise. 1. 28; Wall. Cat. 2602. L. porrecta, Roxb. Hort. Calc. 30, and Fl. Ind. n. 308, Phoebe latifolia, Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. v. 197. MALAY PENINSULA ; from Tenasserm, Griffith, &c. (Kew Distrib. 4248, 4249), . to Penane, Wallich, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1514 and 1244).—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, China. . À large tree, branches stout, black when dry, with very smooth bark. Leaves ex- tremely variable, the largest 8 by 4 in., coriaceous, others thinner almost membranous - and glaucous beneath, base acute; nerves spreading, the lowest pair sometimes longest; petiole slender, 1-1} in. Panicles 1-3 in. long, with the young shoots en- closed in rounded coriaceous silky caducous scales, black when dry, many-fid. ; flowers 4, in. diam., pedicelled. Perianth-lobes broadly * oblong, obtuse, wholly -de- ciduous. Stamens very short, hairy. Ovary glabrous. Stigma discoid. , Fruiting , perianth 4-4 in. long, funnel-sbaped, suddenly. expanding into the fruit-bearing disk. Fruit succulent.—I find no specimen of C. malaccense, Meissn., said to described from specimens in Herb. Hook.; but I cannot doubt its being C. Par- thenoxylon. ` DOUBTUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. C. BURMANNI, Blume (Laurus.dulcis, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 30, and FI. Ind. ii. 303; Wall. Cat. 2581), isa Malayan Island species, not hitherto found in India. Meissner quotes Wight’s Icones, t. 138, copied from a drawing of Roxburgh under the name of dulce, for this, but it differs in the very strong nerves produced to the very tips of the leaves. C, CATHIA, Don Prodr. 67, is probably Phæbe paniculata. C. HEYNEANUM, Nees Syst. Laur. 77 (Laurus Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 2576), 18 referred to var. y. subvenosum of C. iners, Reinw., by Meissner (in DC. Prodr. xv. 4- 20). It is not very like any species described above; it is a very slender plant, the subopposite leaves are very long and narrow, 5-7 by i-1 in., with nerves obscure above; the fruiting peduncles are very long and slender; the pedicels } in., suddenly dilating into the almost rotate fruiting-perianth j in. diam. with rounded spreading lobes, and the fruit (apparently dry) is oblong 3 in. long.—It is from Heyne’s Her- barium without habitat. . LAURUS MALABATHRICA, Soland. mss, in Rogb. Fl. Ind, ii. 297. Roxburgh quotes Rheede’s Katou-Karua (Hort, Mal. v. t. 53) for this; and Hamilton (in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 550) has a long article upon it and upon Rheede's Caraa (Hort. Mal. i. t. 57), which I have referred to C. macrocarpum. It appears to me to be 1m- possible to identify absolutely the plants which such figures are supposed to represent. LAURUS RIGIDA, Wall. Cat. 2570, from Silhet, with rigid elliptic very coriaceous leaves 3-5 in. long, is inderminable. C. TOMENTOSUM, Don Prodr. 67, is probably Phebe paniculata. LAURUS ?? SMILACIFOLIA, Wall. Cat, 2572, from Penang, is Grewia laurifolit with leaves 10 in. long. 8. MACHILUS,* Nees. _Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved, Flowers Q-sexual, in : axillary panicles. Perianth-tube short or 0; segments 6, subequal or outer rather smaller, all persistent (except M. edulis) and spreading or reflexed 12 MEE ea * Further information on this genus will a at the end of the volume addi- tional materials being expected from Calcutta. : Machilus.] CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 137 fruit. Perfect stamens 9, filaments of the Ist and 2nd series eglandular with introrse 4-celled anthers; of the 3rd series eglandular with extrorse 4celled anthers; staminodes of the 4th series cordate. Berry globose or peed seated on the persistent perianth.—Species about 15, Eastern laic. ` A. Species of Northern India, Himalaya, Assam and the Khasia Mts: * Flowers quite or nearly glabrous. (See also M. odoratissima.) l. M. parviflora, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 505; quite glabrous, leaves linear-oblong or oblanceolate obtuse subacute or obtusely acuminate glaucous beneath minutely reticulate on both surfaces, panicles shorter than the leaves few.fld., perianth subglobose à in. diam. glabrous, lobes broad Short, pedicels about twice as long stout, fruit $-1 in. long elliptic-oblong. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4268), J. D. H. 4 T. T. i À small tree; bark of flowering branches whitish, rough, Leaves very variable in breadth, youngest faintly silky, firmly coriaceous, base acute; nerves 8-12 pair ; petiole 3-3 in. Panicles narrow, long-peduncled ; flowers small for the genus, ob- gabe, puberulous within. Filaments nearly glabrous; anthers very short. Ovary TOUS, _ 2. M. Gammieana, King in Herb. Calcutt.; quite glabrous, leaves linear- or ob-lanceolate finely acuminate brown beneath when dry, nerves Very elender oblique, panicles longer than the leaves with spreading branches, perianth à in. diam., pedicels twice as long, fruit 13 in. diam. globose. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Herb. King; Darjeeling, alt. 7500 ft., J. D. H. Branches with pale bee ‘Leaves $7 in, hardly shining above, base much attenuated ; petiole 3 in. ; nerves 10-20 pair, very slender. Panicles long-peduncled, ranches spreading, corymbosely few-fld. Perianth short, lobes obtuse, silky "n ments very hairy. _Anthers oblong.— King's flowering specimen has much fewer {10-12 pair) nerves than the fruiting (15-20). 3M. Clarkeana, King in Herb. Calcutt.; quite glabrous, leaves 6-10 in. narrowly elliptic lanceolate acuminate brown on both surfaces when 1Y, panicles few-fld. shorter than the leaves, peduncles and pedicels stout, perianth 1-1 in. diam. nearly glabrous, fruit globose.—M. odoratissima y., jr Ind. Or. H. f. 4 T. (not of Meissn.). IKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. ., J. D. H., Treutler, King. * ranches stout, black ‘when dry. es 1-1} in. broad, young glabrous except © densely silky very young ones which resemble bud-scales ; petiole very short. 2-23 in., black and subglaucous when dry ; flowers the largest of the ds the epa linear-oblong, nearly glabrous within. Filaments long, hairy towar , e base; anthers linear-oblong. Fruit (detached) 3 in. diam,—The long narrow eaves, l very robust few- fld. panicles and thickly pedicelled large flowers are prominent c ters of this very distinct-looking plant. 4. M. ? Khas ana, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 42; leaves mem- - branous glabrous lanceolate or oblanceolate or obovate acute dark brown Above when dry blue.glaucous beneath reticulate on both faecon te "the Ong arched, panicles usually long-peduncled hoary shorter aves, perianth-lobes rounded. Knasr, Mrs > Gri th 1i-8 ranches very ore rough with the scars of fallen leaves. Teaver G10. M ud ìm. ; nerves 10-15 pair; petiole 1-1} in., stout. Panicles 3- n ; lowers ind. mbose, j in, diam., mote globose than usual in the genus. F py s known uh med anthers broad. Ovary glabrous; style long, slender. rui = i oim bran a Blobose buds, with broad almost rounded perianth-lobes, and very da Ous leaves, are unlike those of any other species. 138 CXXVIII. LAURINEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) (Machilus. ** Panicles pubescent. (The species all want further investigation.) 5. M. Gamblei, King in Herb. Calcutt.; leaves 3-4 in. thinly coria- ceous obovate to elliptic-lanceolate obtuse acute or caudate-acuminate very pale and glabrous or subsilky beneath, petiole slender, panicles few-fid. shorter than the leaves, pedicels slender, flowers silky, fruit small globose. M. odoratissima, B. canescens, Blume Mus. Bot. 330; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 41 (the Assam plant only). NORTHERN BENGAL ; Cooch Behar, King. Assam, Jenkins, Griffith. Branches rather slender, dark. Leaves sometimes elliptic or lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely reticulate above; nerves 8-10 pair, very slender, oblique ; petiole 4 in., glabrous or pubescent. Perianth-lobes linear-oblong, villous or tomentose within. Filaments very slender, nearly glabrous; anthers oblong. Fruit (quite young) } in. diam. “always globose,” King.—This looks different from M. odora- tissima in the broad pale leaves with cuneate bases. , 6. M. Listeri, King in Herb. Calcutt.; leaves 3-5 in. glabrous oblong - or lanceolate rarely obovate glaucous beneath, petiole slender, panicles shortly peduncled shorter than the leaves hoary-pubescent, pedicels long slender, flowers silky, fruit globose 1 in. diam. UPPER Assam; Narainpore and Dukrung Valley in the Duphla Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Col. Lister. The plants sent me by King as flowering and fruiting specimens of this are con- siderably different; the first (from Narainpore, which resemble M. Gamblei) have slender branches and elliptic-lanceolate acuminate leaves with very slender nerves; the fruiting ones have much thicker obovate or oblong leaves with stouter petiole midrib and nerves. Flowers lin. long; pedicel twice as long as the perianth, whic is about 2 in. long and silkily tomentose without and within; lobes linear-oblong. Filaments short, nearly glabrous; anthers oblong. Style very slender. ... 9. M. edulis, King in Herb. Calcutt.; young leaves and panicles sub- villously tomentose, leaves obovate oblong or oblanceolate substrigose beneath or glabrate with many rigid prominent nerves, tip rounded acute oT acuminate, panicles stontly peduncled appearing with the young leaves, perianth deciduous P, fruit very large globose. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; near Darjeeling, alt. 6000 ft., Herb. Griffith, King, Lister. Branches of old wood as thick as a swan’s quill, woody, with prominent large leaf- scars; bark rugged. Leaves 5-6 by 14-21 in, brown when dry, thinly coriaceous narrowed from above the middle to the base; nerves 10-12 pair, very oblique, near y straight ; pètiole 1-1 in., rather slender. Panicles densely softly tomentose, 8 long including the long peduncle; branches short, stout, few-fld.; flowers about 4 in. diam. Perianth-lobes broadly oblong, villous within. Filaments very short, broad, villous; anthers broad. Fruit nearly 2 in. diam, on a stout woody peduncle, with no trace of a perianth.—Young shoots smooth and very stout, terminal leave and large terminal buds enclosed in imbricating subsilky scales, the outer of which are semicircular, and the inner oblong and 3 in. long. 8. M. bootanica, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 42; branches leaves beneath and panicles hoary-pubescent, leaves 8-10 in. long-petioled mem- branous obovate abruptly acuminate, nerves slender, panicles long-pedunc few-fld., flowers large. BOTAN ; in woods near Chuka, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith. “A moderate-sized tree," Griff. Branches stout, wood rugged with very larg? leaf-scars. Leaves pale brown beneath when dry; nerves 15-20 pairs, spreading, nearly straight; petiole 2-21 in, Panicles 6-8 in. long, including the long stout peduncle ; branches few and few-fld, ; pedicels long (for the genus) often j in. longi [d or Maehilus.] CXXVII. LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 139 flowers š in. diam. Perianth-lobes oblong, finely tomentose without and within. Filaments long, villous; anthers narrow. Fruit unknown.—A very distinot-looking ` plant from its large broad membranous leaves and large long-pedicelled flowers. 9. M. sericea, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 330; branches very stout and panicles hoary-pubescent, leaves long-petioled 6-8 in. coriaceous oblong- lanceolate acuminate young silky beneath, nerves very slender, panicles 4-8 in. long, branches usually short few-fld. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 41. Phoebe sericea, Nees Syst. Laurin. 99 (excl. syn. Fl. Nep.); Meissn. l.c. 35. Ocotea sericea, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 7l, and iii, $2, Laurus sericea, Wall, Cat.2606. — . . CENTRAL H IMALAYA; Nepal and Kumaon, in the Deyra hoon, Wallich. Branches as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves when young polymorphous, oblong lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, base acute or rounded, white-silky beneath ; old leaves rigidly coriaceous, brown when dry, rather glaucous beneath, finely reticu- late on both surfaces; nerves 12-15 pair, arched; petiole 1-14 in. Panicles some- times very long, with few short branches ; flowers shortly pedicelled, 4-3 in. diam. laments short, hairy; anthers narrow. Fruit unknown.—Wallich’s specimens of vurus sericea, A, B,C, may or may not belong to one species ; it is described by ees as a Phoebe; but Blume afterwards separated some of the specimens as Machilus sericea, observing that it differs from the Phebe in the absence of rings (caused by the fall of the bud-scales) at the bases of the branches. This difference is due to the age of the branches, of which the old bear scars of scales, which scales the first year's shoots do not bear. Meissner quotes Wallich’s 2606 B under both. The specimens sre very bad, and are all possibly referable to M. odoratissima, but the petioles are . onger. The Nepal specimens have hairy filaments and anthers, those of the Ku- aon Ones are glabrous. When the Western Himalayan Machili are cleared up, * sericea will probably be suppressed as being a composite book-species. L 10, M. odoratissima, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Far, n. 70, and + ed qurin, 172; glabrous except the panicle, leaves 3-9 in. long-petioled an- pelate or oblong or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate usually slightly glaucous B neath, nerves slender, panicles long- or short-peduncled hoary-tomer: se = Siabrous, flowers glabrous or pubescent, fruit oblong or globose. 08, BLT: Prodr. xv. 1. 40; Brand. Fer. Fl.378; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. im T de Mus. Bot. i. 399. M. indica, Karz For. Fl. ii. 291; Mique le 49. : Bat. i. 1, 914 (excl. var.8.). M. rimosa, Blume l. c. 330; ? Hon C6 I ? Kurz l. e. 999. Laurus odoratissima, Wall. Cat. 2607. L. mao Hasip Cock. i. 311 (ex Nees). L. Champa and L. bombycina, Herb. Suprrop ICAL and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Murree eastwards ; asoending alt 3 t. in Sikkim ; Assam and the Kuasra Mrs. TENASSERIM and a hi N . A 1000 ft. P SINGAPORE, JVallich.—DrsTRI. Java, Sumatra, Cochin an ble in brea nee tree, stunted at high elevations, shoots pubescent. Leaves NH slender. anis 1th, Coriaceous ; nerves irregular, usually 15-20 pair; petiole 3-4 d; peduncle gla re €s about equalling the leaves, but very variable, loosely branched ; metimes eor ous hoary or subsilkily pubescent, as are the flowers, which blo so obtuse len yer On the short branches. Perianth 4-2 in. diam. ; lobes o ted anthers E ening a little after flowering. Filaments glabrous or slightly neh this lant and 8, rarely hairy. Fruit 1-3 in. long.—I am very much puzzled ik d bebween Suspect that it consists of several species, the differences being marke +. SPecimens with | Á ilkily pubescent perianths, and those With plo ith glabrous and those with silkily pubesc s odoratissimus, Wal € se and with oblong fruit. The type of the specior b Faw is and panicles * 4007, from Nepal, which h iously silkily p . with however are hardly developed) No. 2607 C and D (from Herb, Hamilton) Sikkis dose fruit seem the same ; and other specimens with globose frui th glabro i mand Simla. The other form is Wallich’s 2607 B from Kumaon, with g eee 140 CXXVIII LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Machilus. i i i i X M. odoratissimus anicles, of which there are flowering specimens from Kumaon ( G 1 . ind Ocotea ligustrina, Herb. Strach. and Winterb.) accompanied by specimens xs oblong fruit. Furthermore, glabrous panicles with oblong fruit occur in Sikkim an ? Singapore, and oblong fruit in Bhotan. Of M. rimosa, Blume, little is known ; Kurz.. describes it as differing from M. odoratissimus in the smaller flower. The Moulmeit plant -referred to rimosa by Meissner has small flowers, but the specimen 1s too sma to judge of its identity. Wallich’s Singapore locality I suspect to be erroneous. 11. M. villosa, Hook. f.; shoots and panicles densely softly ashy or rufous-tomentose, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous elliptic or elliptic- or ines lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, pale above browns beneath, nerves 6-8 pair, panicles subterminal fascicled usually longer lo an the leaves, branches spreading, flowers densely tomentose, fruit glo raa Ocotia glaucescens, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 71, and iii. 32. P M glaucescens, Nees Syst. Laurin. 100 and 671; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. L 36. P. villosa, Wight lc. t. 1822; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 290. Laurus lau- cescens, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 2592 (not of Fl. Ind.). L. floribunda, Wall. Cat. 2593 B. L. villosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.ii. 8310. (L. villosa & glaucescens, Jc. Roxb.) SIKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. 7000 ft, Gamble. UPPER ASSAM; Nuku a Simons, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4261); Patkoye Hills, Griffith (Kew Distrib. * ). Sinner, Wallich. CACRHAR, Keenan. CnirTAGONG, Roxburgh, J. D. H. § T. T. A large tree; branchlets dark brown. ` Leaves very pale, rather shining above, base very acute; nerves strong beneath; petiole l-j in. Panicles sometimes ero sively numerous and umbellate, almost terminating the branches, the minute vl ops terminal bud not lengthening; peduncle stout, branches spreading ; flowers ay corymbose, shortly pedicelled. Perianth hemispheric, densely tomentosé ; lobes short, broad, rounded. “Filaments and anthers short, glabrous. Berry globose, jj in. diam» seated on the reflexed calyx.—Specimens collected in fruit by Keenan, together with ' Roxburgh’s excellent drawings (it is unquestionably his Z. villosa), prove this to bea Machilus. Much confusion has attended its history from Roxburgh having figu d it under two names (glaucescens and villosa), and by his having further, as pointe out by Wight, described two plants under the name of glaucescens. Of these names Wallich took glaucescens for his No. 2592, which is that which Roxburgh deseri lo: as villosa. Roxburgh’s other plant described under L. villosus, with alternate triple nerved leaves and flowers in lateral panicles, is no doubt an Actinodaphne. 12. M. fruticosa, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 101, (rs For. Fl. ii. 292; glabrous except the hoary panicles, leaves 4-6 in. thic z coriaceous oblong or linear- or elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acum dark brown above glaucously brown beneath, nerves faint beneath, panicles axillary long-peduncled, flowers very small corymbose, fruit small globose. TENASSERIM; at Mergui, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4262), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4268); Martaban, alt. 4000 ft., Brandis. Branches stout, black. Leaves rounded or acute at both ends, often shining above, margin sometimes recurved; nerves 10-12 pair; petiole } in. Panicles 3-8 in. long, stiff, black when dry, branches spreading; flowers about 4 in. diam., hoary ; A paper about twice as long. Perianth subglobose ; lobes rounded, obtuse, hoary. Filame glabrous, except at the base; anthers oblong. Fruit “the size of a pea, on a long thickened pedicel,” Kurz.—I have seen no fruit. 13. M. macrantha, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 70, and iii. 3l and Syst. Laurin. 174; leaves long-petioled glabrous from oblong roun de at both ends to elliptic-lanceolate:and acute at both ends rarely obov# í bluish and glaucous beneath, panicles in subterminal corymbs longer 9 shorter than the leaves much branched more or less hoary-pubesotn perianth tomentose, filaments villous, fruit globose. Meissn. in DC. Proar. [ni one Machilus. | CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 141 xv. 1. 40; Wight Ic. t. 1824; Beddome For. Flt. 264; Thwaites Enum. 254; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 991. M, glaucescens, Wight Ic. t. 1825 (exel. syn.) ; Dalz. & Gibs. 1. c. Cryptocarya floribunda, Miquel Pl. Hohenack. n. 1458 (not of Nees). . Laurus macrantha, Wall. Cat. 2587. DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Ghats from the Concan southwards, ascending to 000 ft. CEYLON, alt. 1500-4000 ft. . A large tree; branches brown when dry. Leaves 3-9 by 14-3] in., finely reti- culate on both surfaces; nerves 8-12 pair, slender, sometimes indistinct; petiole slender, 1-1} in, Panieles grouped in a subterminal corymb as in M. vlosa, some- times 10 in. long and with very long peduncle and spreading branches; at others short and subsessile, peduncle and branches from hoary-pubescent to glabrate; owers very variable in size, ]-l in. diam. Perianth tomentose without and within ; lobes oblong or linear-oblong. Anthers pubescent. Fruit black, 1-3 in. diam.—I can find no characters whereby to distinguish Wight's glaucescens from macrantha. Dalzell and Gibson describe the fruit of the former as about the size of a small goose- “try, and of the latter as of a large currant. The length of the petiole at once dis- tinguishes it from M. . villosa, as does the pubescence of the panicle. 9. PHOEBE, Nees. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or scattered, penninerved. Flowers small, 2-sexual or polygamous, in axillary and subterminal panicles. erianth-tube short; segments 6, subequal, erect and enlarging and clasping e base of the fruit. Perfect stamens 9; filaments of Ist and 2nd series eglandular with introrse 4-celled anthers, of 3rd series 2-glandular with extrorse 4.celled anthers ; staminodes of 4th series cordate or sagittate. Fruit ellipsoid or oblong, clasped at the base by the hardened perianth-segments.— Pecies about 26, Indian and Malayan. "e Plole, which in the “Genera Plantarum ” is reduced to Persea, must, I think, be restored ; the fruiting perianth is very characteristic and habit uniform. * Perianth quite glabrous. J. P. lanceolata, Nees Syst. Laurin, 109; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate finely or candate-acuminate, perianth glabrous, segments cal fruit jin; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 34 (exel. var. y.) ; Wight Te. 7 1821 ; Brandis For. Flor. 377; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 290; Gamble Man. S Timb. 808; P Beddome For. Man. 184. Ocotea lanceolata, Nees in 1 all. Pl. As. Ray. ii 71. Laurus lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2599. D. lanceo- p Roxb, Fl, Ind. ii. 309. L. salicifolia and L.? camphorata, Herb. Hamiit, Sverroprcar, HIMALAYA, from Simla eastwards, ascending to 6000 ft. Kasra Decca omon. BURMA, Griffith. MARTABAN and TENASSERIM, Kurz. SOUTH ‘An Nilghiri Hills and southward, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. — m b ls evergreen tree; branches slender, bark usually yellowish white. Tarini e z -2} in., thinly coriacesus, pale when dry above and pale brown bein , » Ua nerves 6-10 pair; petiole slender, 1-1 in. ie ien axi uA ery at ne shorter or longer than the leaves, peduncle sometimes stric on ~ iD, Others curved and 4-6 in., branches few ; flowers 45-1 in., pale yel id or whi e: inh cup-shaped ; Segments broad, obtuse, pubescent within, han ening and á Pat the fruit, which is narrowly ellipsoid, black.—Nees derit the eav hi eii. ely pubescent beneath. I have seen no Deccan specimens. ery nen rp. de Nees, % Nees, of the mountains of Java. Var. y. ligustrina, Meissn., is P. nd 2. P. angustifolia, Me'ssn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 94; quite glabrous 142 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phabe. leaves very narrowly lanceolate acuminate or caudate, perianth glabrous, segments equal, fruit å in. KnasrA Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft., Griffith, Lobb, J. D. H. & T. T. A small shrub, perhaps only a form of P. lanceolata, but the leaves are much narrower, 4-10 by 3-1 in. 3. P. declinata, Nees Syst. Laur. 114; quite glabrous, branches black when dry, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or -oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminaté red brown, nerves 6-8 pair very obscure beneath, perianth gla- brous, segments subequal. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.34; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat.i.1. 906. P. ligustrina, in part, Nees Syst. 113. P. lanceolata, y. ligustrina, in part, Meissn. l. c. Ocotea declinata, Blume Bijd. 572. ligustrina, in part, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 71, and iii. 32. Laurus declinata, Blume Cat. Hort. Bot. Buitenz. 66.. L., ligustrina, Wall. Cat. 2588 A. . SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DISTRIB. Java. A very distinct species, remarkable for the black shoots, brown finely reticulate leaves, 4-5 by 1-1} in., with slender black petioles and midrib beneath, and very faint slender nerves.—I have seen no fruit. Wallich's 2588 B from Tavoy consists of three specimens of two plants, both different from declinata, one is probably P. lanceolata ; two others have elliptie acute thin reticulated leaves only 2 in. long, with numerous very slender spreading nerves; these resemble no other species except in the flowers, which arelike those of P. lanceolata, but rather smaller. ** Perianth silky pubescent or tomentose. 4. P. pallida, Nees Syst. Laurin. 112; shoots very finely puberulous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate finely acuminate puberulous beneath at length glabrous, nerves 8-10 pair very oblique deeply impressed above strong beneath, panicles axillary long-peduncled and flowers very finely pubescent. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 34; Brandis For. Fl. 377. P. glaucescens & fuscans, Meissn. l.c. 37, in part. Laurus pubescens, Wall. Cat. 2595 (excl. B, C). Ocotea pallida, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 71. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Thomson, Strachey & Winterbottom ; Nepal, Wallich. ? Sikkim, J. D. H. EASTERN OUDE forests, Brandis. Very closely allied to P. lanceolata, but the young leaves, panicles and flowers are finely tomentose, and the leaf-nerves deeply sunk above.—The Sikkim specimens doubtfully referred here are flowerless, the leaves are much larger, 6-10 by 13-33 1n» more membranous, and the nerves less deeply sunk, as might be expected in plants from a moist climate; they are certainly not referable to Laurus glaucescens (Machi- lus villosa) as Meissner supposed, and have not the rusty tomentum of P. paniculata. Fruit too young for description. 5. P. paniculata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 105; shoots rusty-tomentose, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate rarely obovate acuminate pubescent an with 8-12 pair of very strong nerves beneath, panicles. axillary long- peduncled and flowers pubescent or tomentose, fruit turgidly ellipsoid 4-3 10. Meissn, in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 87 (excl. syn. Laurus villosa and Phoebe villosa); Brand. For. Fl. 377 (excl. syn. L. villosa); Wight Ie. t. 1820. P. pubescens, Nees Syst. Laur. 107 ; Kurz For. FI. 290. P. Wightii, Meissn. in DC. 1.0.98; Beddome Forest. Fl.t.292. Ocotea pubescens & paniculata, Nees.in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 71, 72, and iii. 32. Laurus paniculata, Wall. Cat. 2598. ‘L. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 2595 B, C. Cinnamomum tomentosum and C. Cathia, Don Prodr. 66 (fide Nees). CENTRAL HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Wallich. BURMA; from ‘Chittagong and Ava to ee oe Phoebe] — CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 143 serm, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4271), Kurz, &c. Ninaurgr Hiris, alt. 5-6000 ft., Wht, Ke. . ` The ferruginous tomentum of the young shoots, usually shorter and broader leaves pubescent or even tomentose beneath, with stronger nerves and nervules, best dis- tinguish this from P. pallida. The fruit is quite like tbat of P. lanceolata, but rather broader.—Very near P, multiflora, Blume, of Java. 6. P. attenuata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 104 (excl. syn. Blume) ; branches very stout, young shoots and leaves beneath rusty-pubescent or -villous, leaves oblanceolate acute or acuminate, nerves 15-20 pair, panicles stoutly peduncled and flowers tomentose. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.38. Ocotea Cu ata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.ii. 71. Laurus attenuata, Wall. at. . Eastern HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, Gamble, King. Buoran, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4254), King. SinnET, Wallich. . Well distinguished by the very stout branches, leaves broadening upwards, 5-10 by ? m., more numerous nerves, and stout petioles, peduncles and „branches of the panicle. Flowers i in. diam., shortly stoutly pedicelled. Fruiting perianth jin. ong, campanulate, very rigid ; fruit nearly $ in. long, narrowly ellipsoid, i: P. opaca, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 927; branches very. stout, leaves ngidly coriaceous obovate obovate-cuneate or oblanceolate rarely oblong abruptly ,obtusely acuminate subglabrous or puberulous beneath, nerves 0-12 pair, panicles and flowers rusty-pubescent. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1.909. p. attenuata, Miquel in Herb. Jungh. P. malaccensis, Meissn. in De. Prodr. xv. 1. 37. Alseodaphne ? grandis, Mees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ll. 72, and Syst. Laurin.183; Meissn.l. c. 98. Laurus grandis, Wall. Cat. 2504 A, Persea grandis, Nees in Wall. l. c. iii. 82." P. lucida, Blume. "aig ACOA, Griffith, Maingay. PENANG, Porter.—DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra, Young parts finely rusty-pubescent. Leaves very variable, 5-10 by 2-4 in., xi when dry, usually shining above, and sabglaucous beneath, base acute, rarely d kase; petiole i-lin. Panicles numerous, usually shorter than the leaves; pedun- peni tut, finely pubescent; flowers numerous, à in. diam., pedicelled ; fruiting Panicle very stout indeed, a foot long, with thickened branches and pedicels. Chie Blue anth broadly campanulate, very rigid. Fruit $ in. long, ellipsoid, P. lucida, "me, of Sumatra and Borneo, seems the same. 8. P. Tavo iol d nerves beneath i : yana, Hook. f.; young shoots petioles and n ur y Or rust -villous,. loros mien us elongate-lanceolate caudate- ap nate pubescent or tomentose beneath, nerves 10-15 pair, panicies ei. very slender peduncles and flowers pubescent. Machilus Tavoyana, s in DO. Prodr, xv. 1. 4l; Kurz For, Fl. ii. 292. ENAS ; King" : Archi | istrib. 4260) ; Tavoy, Parish ; King’s Island, Mergui Archipelago, Helfer (Kew Distri ) Pparent] tul . ] y a very distinct species, nearest to P. att 1 . : se” 5-10 by 1-2 in., ending in very slender tails, slender petioles sometimes 2} the Perianth.. Slender flowering panicles. —The specimens are in bud and young fruit ; the ìn the latter is 2 in. long, very rigid, as in the genus. enuata, but with membranous 10. ALSEODAPHNE, Nees. Evergreen tr dici the ends of the ees. L bverticillate towards the en pranches, penninerved, often Kien A P Flowers bisexual, subumbellate on the üches of axilary and subterminal panicles. Perianth-tube short ; seg- "au 6, subequal or the three outer smaller, deciduous or not at 144 CXXVIII LAURINEE, (J. D. Hooker) [A/seodaphne. enlarged after flowering, obsolete in fruit. Stamens and staminodes as.in Phebe. Fruit ellipsoid, seated on the truncate end of the long or short often much swollen and fleshy peduncle.—Species about 15, Tropical Asiatic. Habit of Dehaasia, but anthers 4-celled. The species are very imperfectly known. * Perianth-segments subequal or the outer rather narrower. ]. A. semecarpifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 72, and Syst. Laurin. 182; nearly glabrous, leaves coriaceous cuneately obovate or oblong tip obtuse or rounded 6-8-nerved often glaucous beneath, panicles long- peduncled branches spreading, perianth nearly glabrous segments subequal, fruit ellipsoid acute equalling its swollen warted peduncle. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 98; Wall. Cat. 2586 A; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 222; Wight Ic. t. 1826, 1827; Thwaites Enum. 254; Beddome For: Fl. t. 297. Deccan PENINSULA; in dry forests from the Concan southwards, CEYLON in the drier parts ef the island. A small tree, very variable in foliage, young parts obscurely puberulous. Leaves 2-7 in., usually very finely reticulate above when dry and glaucous beneath, base acute; nerves faint orstrong; petiole}-lin. Panicles about as long as the leaves or shorter ; . peduncle and branches slender, glabrous, black when dry; flowers on rather long - pedicels, } in. diam., subumbellate at the tips of the branches. Perianth-segments usually subequal, but in one specimen from Herb. Stocks the outer are as short as in the next section.— The following seem to be forms of one species, but I am far from confident about this. - l. A. SEMECARPIFOLIA proper; leąves rather thinly coriaceous glaucous beneath, panicles equalling the leaves, fruit 3-8 in. Var. angustifolia, Meissn. 1. c. ; leaves 3-5 by 1-1} in. 'elliptic-oblong or -lanceo- .late obtuse or subacute glaucous beneath, panicles as long as the leaves, fruit $ in. rather narrower.— Ceylon and the Concan. ` Var. macrocarpa; leaves 4—7 in. elliptic-oblong subacute very glaucous beneath tip rounded, fruit 1 in., peduncle much thickened.—Ceylon, Thwaites (C. P. 2269). Var. rufa; young parts and young leaves beneath rufous-hoary, leaves broadly cuneate-obovate very coriaceous red when dry tip rounded, panicles as long as the leaves, fruit 4 in.—Concan, Herb. Dalzeil. Var. parvifolia; leaves 2-3 in. obovate very glaucous beneath tip rounded, petiole very short panicles much shorter than the leaves. Wight Ie. t. 1827. — Courtallam, ight. 2. A. peduncularis, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves membranous elliptic-lanceolate obtusely subcaudate-acuminate, nerves , 6-10 pair, panicles very slender few-fld. much shorter than the leaves perianth glabrous outer segments rather smaller, stamens very short. Haasia peduncularis, Nees Syst. Laurin. 376; Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xY. 1. 6l. Machilus peduncularis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As, Rar. ii, 70. Perm peduncularis, Nees Syst. Laurin. 125 (excl. syn. Rumph.). edun- cularis, Wall. Cat. 2596. ( J umph.) Laurus p PenANG, Wallich. Branches with white bark, except ‘the first year’s, whic smooth and very slender. Leaves 4-6 by 141-2 in., rather wavy ‘rom " their Nain teatere, base very acute; nerves beneath much raised, slender, arching and meeting far within the margin; petiole 3-3 in., very slender. Panicles 1-1} in., peduncle and branches filiform; flowers jj in., pedicelled. Perianth subglobose, segments short, uite glabrous without (persistent, Nees). Stamens very short, hairy ; staminodes ? D ruit according to Nees immature, ovoid, in a cylindric fleshy curved pedicel two inches long and as thick as a goose-quill.— Wallich's specimens in the Linnæan Society have neither flower nor fruit, but I find one or two flowers in Herb. Hook. which W Saree CMS Alseodaphne.] oxxvit. navmwEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 145 bisexual and agree with Nees’ description except in that the anthers are decidedly 4-celled. The slender habit and thin leaves are unlike its congeners. 3. A. decipiens, Hook. J.; nearly glabrous, leaves subverticillate rigidly coriaceous cuneately obovate or lanceolate very obtusely acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair sunk above very strong beneath, panicles shorter than the leaves shortly peduncled, perianth minutely hoary, outer Segments rather smaller. SINGAPORE, N. Cantley. : Branches rather robust; bark brown. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2} in., base very aene smooth, brown above and not reticnlated, finely reticulate and bluish benea v petiole 4-3 in. Panicles rather stout, loosely branched, branches and pedicels c - -seurely puberulous ; flowers j in. diam., subglobose, Perianth-segments hairy within, as are the stamens and staminodes.—Very similar to Dehaasia cuneata, Bl. "4 A. petiolaris, Hook. f ; branches very stout subverticillate, leaves very large thickly corievcons long-petioled oblong or oblong obowsts obtuse or subacute not narrowed into the petiole glabrous, nerves 8- e very Strong, panicles very stout longer or shorter than the leaves ‘poy Scurfy, fruit 12 in. oblong much longer than the cylindric pedicel. No Phoebe ? petiolaris, Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 59. th PE on the Nuku Hills, Simons. Cacwar, Keenan.—DisTRIB. Burma; in e Hookhoom Valle , at Camein, Griffith. ,^ large tree, branchlets as thick as the little finger. Leaves 8-12 by 4-6 in. saming and reticulated above, brown on both surfaces, young glaucous bench pase ihe 5 Or cuneate ; petiole very stout, 13-24 in. Panicles about half the ength e leaves, loosely branched often from near the base; branches tod d- i OB» When fruiting as thick asa duck’s quill and soft ; flowers shortly podie - hm p ro s vant scurfy, segments short, subequal, obtuse. Fruit apparently very j top rounded, pedicel 1—3 in. long. ** Outer segments of the perianth much smaller than the inner. (See also A, Semecarpifolia.) (NoTHarHese, Blume.) 5. A. umbellifiora, Hook. f. ; nearly glabrous, leaves soattered very coriaceous elliptic-oblong or lanceolate caudate-acuminate s ining al re panicles much shorter than the leaves, fruit oblong much longer han fhe im cylindric pedicel. Nothaphcebe umbelliflora, Blume Mus. Pot. 328; ssn. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 58. Ocotea umbellifera, Blume ; j i: n hæbe ? nmbelliflora, Nees Syst. Laur. 115; Miquel Fl. Ind. 3 at. i., 911 à ce be umbelliflora, Blume in Herb. Lugd. Bat. Haasia nitida, fi ra, Jay ATACCA, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1247, 1247/2).—Disrris. Sumat "B, Borneo. bverticillate at ranches rather stout leafy, bark dark. Leaves scattered (not exiis P hehoath the ends of the branches), 4-6 by 14-2in., very dark brown above, "P, inicles 1-2 in., maon dry,- base acute ; nerves strong, oblique ; petiole j-1 in. M Shortly ped intlv . lobose, 4; pedicetiey uncled, faintly rusty-hoary ; flowers g inner, Sta large very shortly petioled biase base cordate, nerves 16-18 6. A. panduriformis, Hook. f.; | a , 00 f. , glabrous t y-fid., perianth L hinly coriaceous panduriform o T Panicle Shorter than Fhe leaves, branches short man L. v. 146 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Alseodaphne. rusty-pubescent, 3 outer segments much shorter, fruit 24-8 in. long cylindric- oblong, pericarp thin 5-ribbed. MALACCA, Maingay. . Branchlets rather stout, glabrous. Leaves 8-12 by 3—4 in., brown on both sur- faces, narrowed above the cordate base and then dilating; nerves raised on both surfaces, very numerous in the basal portion; petiole } in, very stout. Panicles 2-6 in.; peduncle and rachis rather stout and branches glabrous ; flowers ṣẹ in diam., subglobose, bright yellow, crowded on short pedicels, rusty-pubescent. Outer perianth- segments broadly ovate, inner rounded. Stamens very short, hairy, as are the stami- nodes. Fruit very remarkable, slightly curved, dull red, somewhat narrowed towards the base, top rounded; pericarp coriaceons, ribs very narrow. Seed cylindric.—A distinct species. *** Perianth unknown. 7. A. ? grandis, Nees Syst. Laurin. 183, in part ; glabrous, branchlets very stout, leaves subverticillate large thickly coriaceous cuneately obovate obtuse or subacute glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair very strong beneath impressed above, panicles shorter than the leaves, fruit globosely ellipsoid apiculate, pedicel very short thickened. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 28, in part. Persea grandis in part, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 32. Laurus grandis, Wall. Cat. 2594 C, D. TENASSERIM ; Tavoy, Gomez. BURMA, at Amherst, Wallich. ; Branchlets woody, as thick as a swan's quill, bark rough, Leaves 6-12 in., greenish brown when dry, base very acute; petiole stout, 4-1 in. Fruiting panicles not very stout, bearing tuberous excrescences (insect nidi?) on the rachis and under the fruit, the pedicel of which is often deformed. Fruit 1 in. long, sometimes seated on the diseased pedicel, which is then woody, rough and as large as a small nut; the healthy pedicels appear to be short, 3 in. long and cylindric. 8. A. ? costalis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 72, and Syst. Laurin. 185; glabrous, leaves 19-24 in. very coriaceous oblanceolate or cuneately obovate glaucous beneath, top rounded or subacute, nerves 19-20 pairs very strong beneath. Meissn. in DC, Prodr. xv. 1. 29. Laurus grandis, Wall. Cat. 2594 B. SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DrsrRrB. Burma; Nammarsa, Griffith (Actinodaphne, Kew Distrib. 4326). . Leaves pale, 5-8 in. diam., opaque, when dry midrib flat above, nerves hardly im- mersed, base very narrow ; petiole stout, 1-3 in, —Wallich's specimens consist of leaves , only, Griffith’s of leaves and branches; the latter are as thick as the thumb, smooth, striate with a very thick pith, and bear axillary globose flower-buds j-j in. diam., clothed with orbicular silky scales.—The genus is altogether doubtful. 9. A. crassipes, Hook. f.; branchlets and shoots rusty-tomentose, leaves coriaceous scattered long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate fal- cately recurved, nerves 6-8 pair capillary, fruiting peduncles very t" ick woody, fruit 4 in. ellipsoid twice as long as the very thick woody cylindric pedicel. Maracca, Maingay. . Branches stout, woody, smooth, bark ashy. Leaves 4-5 by 1-1} in., very pale, nerves excessively slender and very laxly reticulate on both surfaces, base very acute; petiole slender, 3-1 in. Fruiting peduncles numerous, 3-4 in., very strict, often thickened upwards, as rigid and woody as the branches and thicker at the top than ic . pedicel is broad ; pedicels 1—2 in. long, cylindric, black, confluent with the thickened ends of the panicle. Fruit smooth, “dark blue-black, pruinose, globose, pedicel red; Maingay. Alseodaphne.] CXXVI. LAURINER. (J. D. Hooker) . 147 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. A? LUCIDA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 72, and Syst. Laurin. 186; branches stout lenticellate, leaves 8-12 in. scattered very coriaceous obovate-oblong acuminate base obtuse shining above paler beneath, nerves 16-20 pair spreading slender, midrib pro- minent above, reticulations beneath very faint, petiole 1-1} in. terete thickened and rugose at the base. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 29. Laurus ?? lucida, Wall. Cat. 2690.— Singapore, Wallich.— Probably not a Laurineous plant. 11. ACTINODAPHNE, Nees. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves subverticillate, rarely scattered or Opposite penni- or triple-nerved. Flowers small dicecious, in axillary or lateral dense bracteate sessile or peduncled umbels or clusters; bracts Imbricating, caducous (not whorled as in Litsea). Perianth-tube short, seg- ments 6, subequal, rarely persistent. Perféct. stamens 6-9, filaments of the lst and 2nd series eglandular, of the 3rd 2-glandular; anthers all introrse and 4-locellate; staminodes of fem. 9. Fruit seated on the usually enlarged * 9r concave perianth-tube.— Species about 50, Eastern Asiatic and yan. __ The inflorescence is abnormal in A. sikkimensis & leiantha. The genus is with difficulty separable from Litsea. 1 M Leaves more or less whorled, penninerved, or if triple-nerved with the ded ^» yt nerves very short (sometimes triple-nerved in A. moloehina ookeri). t Female fl. in sessile or subsessile clusters or umbels. (In A. madras- ted and occasionally in a few others the clusters or umbels are pedun- ced.) (This is an artificial subdivision, but I can suggest no better, these ) perhaps into glabrous and villous styles, if enough were known of a. Species of Northern India and the Eastern Peninsula. he A. reticulata, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 212; leaves 5-7 in. Wiorled penninerved coriaceous linear- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate young aly Pubescent beneath not glaucous, nerves 12-15 pair very slender, wets clustered, fruit broadly ellipsoid seated on the cupular quite entire °"8-Pedicelled perianth-tube. Kuasta Mrs, ; alt. 4-5000 ft, J. D. Æ. & T. T», Clarke. L small tree; branches not robust, branchlets when young softly tomentose. i prea it whorls of 4-8, 1-1} in. diam., greenish and almost shining above, very finely p bressed-retieulate on both surfaces, paler beneath, nerves very faint ; petiole à in. E in, diam., pedicels as long, both silky ; bud-scales nearly glabrous. Fila- To glabrous. Fruit i in. long, rather longer than broad, black, pedicel 3 in., cup J. S „p m.—To a specimen of this in the Hookerian Herbarium, received Ln B W, mith about 1821, and no doubt sent by Wallick or Hamilton, the habitat, ' epa mich,” was subsequently added by myself, because Smith gave it along with many but Plants to Sir W, Hooker at that date. Meissner hence gave Nepal b» a Y a > branche the query ; his var. glabra is the same plant with old and therefore glabrou E Sikkimensis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 218; leaves vibe d Whorleq Penninerved 3-6 in. membranous lanceolate caudate-acuminate Slabrous glaucous or not beneath, nerves 10-12 pair very slender, female 148 . — CXXVIIL LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Actinodaphme. flowers clustered subsessile or pedicelled, fruit oblong seated on the very small quite entire base of the perianth. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 3-6000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke, King.—DISTRIB. Munnipore. Branches very slender, filaments glabrous; branchlets and young leaves beneath puberulous. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, very thin, greenish and almost shining above, paler beneath, not impressed-reticulate; petiole 3-3 in., slender. Flowers very small, subsessile, each 2-4-bracteate independently of the bracts surrounding the whole cluster. Filaments and style glabrous. Fruit 3 in. long, top rounded, pedicel about as long.—The inflorescence is very anomalous. 3. A. concolor, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 31, and Syst. Laurin. 593; leaves whorled penninerved 5-7 in. thinly coriaceous elliptic or sub- cuneate-obovate acuminate base elongate shining above glaucous beneath, nerves 5-8 pair deeply impressed above, flowers subsessile in very small clusters. Wall. Cat. 6346; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 304. TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Gomez. Branches rather slender, young finely rusty-pubescent ; scales of leaf-buds clothed with long rufous silky hairs. Leaves in whorls of 3, usually broadest above the middle, base much produced, quite smooth and not reticulate above, young obscurely pubescent beneath ; petiole} in. Clusters of flowers }—} in. diam. ; flower-buds silkily tomentose, very shortly pedicelled.—Described from Wallich’s type specimen, which has buds only; it answers to Meissner's B. fagifolia, but it is clear that his concolor and its variety are only large and small leaves of the same plant. 4. A. malaccensis, Hook. f.; branchlets leaves beneath and petioles brown-tomentose, leaves whorled penninerved 4—8 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong obtuse or subacute polished above, nerves 10-12 pairs strong beneath, female fl. in dense globose clusters very shortly pedicelled or sub- sessile, fruit globose seated on the very small cup-shaped thickened perianth- i ube. MALACCA, Maingay. , Branches rather stout, densely tomentose. Leaves dark brown when dry, 1}-3 in. diam., smooth above, at length glabrous beneath, base acute or subacute ; petiole stout, j-3 in. Clusters of female fl. globose, 4 in. diam. ; pedicels } in. long. Perianth turbinate, 4 in. diam., tube villous within, lobes short, rounded, glabrous. Style slender, glabrous ; stigma lobulate, Fruit j in.diam.; cup } in. diam.; pedicel very short and thick. b. Species of the Deccan Peninsula. 5. A. salicina, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 212; leaves whorled penninerved coriaceous 4-6 in. linear-lanceolate subcaudate-acuminate glaucous beneath glabrous, nerves 10-12 pair very slender, fruit globose seated on the enlarged 6-lobed perianth-tube. NinanriRi HILLS, Wight, Gardner. Branches slender, branchlets densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in a whorl, 1-1 in. broad, flat, hardly shining above; petiole 34-3 in. Flowers not seen. Fruit j in. diam. ; pedicel as long.—Very near A. stenophylla of Ceylon in habit, but very different in the fruiting calyx. The supposed Ceylon specimens mentioned by Meissner are not so; they have no collector's name nor loeality, and are no doubt Peninsular. Ihave not seen var. abbreviata, which appears to be founded on a shorter leaved specimen. : ,,9. A. campanulata, Hook. f.; glabrous except the tomentose sub" silky inflorescence, leaves whorled penninervod 2-3 in. thinly coriaceous elliptic obtuse base acute green on both surfaces or subglaucous beneath, | ` Actinodaphne.) oxxvm. Laurinen. (J. D. Hooker.) 149 . nerves 6-8 pair very slender, flowers in simple fascicles, male subglobose shortly pedicelled, female campanulate shortly 6-cleft. A. salicina, Bed- dome Fl. Sylv. t. 295, and Forest Man. 186 (not of Meissn.). Deccan PENINSULA ; Tinnevelly, Beddome. . , Apparently a shrub, with slender whorled glabrous branches. Leaves }-1} in. diam., 4-8 in a whorl, minutely impressed-reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole 3-3 in. Flowers; male $ in. diam., stamens nearly glabrous; female }.in. long, tube silky outside villous within, lobes obtuse glabrous deciduous. Style slender, glabrous ; stigmas 3, lobulate, stipitate.—Near M. molochina in habit, but the slender nerves and female flowers are very different. Ithink this is undoubtedly what Beddome has red as 4. salicina, referring it (For. Man.) to Wight’s var. abbreviata : he figures the style as hairy, stigma 4-cleft, fruiting calyx cupular with deciduous lobes, tcu 4 lines in diameter. Female flower same form as in Litsea zeylanica, Wight c. t. 1844, — 7. A. lanata, Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1.919; branchlets and young leaves densely softly rusty-tomentose, leaves whorled penninerved coriaceous Mm. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair Very slender, flowers in sessile clusters, fruit pisiform seated on the wholly Persistent 6-lobed perianth. Nireurni Mrs., Wight, Gardaer.. Leaves 4-8 in a whorl ; midrib and petiole rusty-tomentose, at length glabrons; petiole i-i in., rather slender. Fruit $ in. diam., pedicel about as long stout- Probably a broad-leaved state of A. salicina. It is not a Ceylon plant, and it is erroneously placed in the section Notholitsea in the Prodromus. 8. A. madraspatana, Beddome in Herb.; branchlets and petioles pubescent, leaves whorled penninerved 6-10 in. elliptic-lanceolate obtuse glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair very oblique, flowers 1n dense globose silkil tomentose clusters, females very shortly peduncled. A. Hookeri, T ongifolia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 219. A. Hookeri, Beddome or. Fl. t. 296 (excl. locality of Sikkim). Dzocaw PENINSULA; on the Cuddepah Hills, Wight, Beddome. , ranchlets very robust, minutely but closely tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in a whorl, Pale green when dry, youngest densely clothed with long golden silky hairs (as ty fargo stifolia); midrib and nerves strong but not stout, orange-red ; nerv *silkily amt; petiole 4-2 in., stout. Male fl. à in. diam. ; lobes oblong, membranous, $i h t ny Without; glabrous within. Ovary 0. Fruit not seen.— Beddome remarks T it this is the only Laurineous plant of the Cuddepah Hills (except, I suppose, Cassy tha) d d 1S Very near 4 angustifolia, but the leaves are more obtuse, glaucous beneath, a i e male fl. are much larger, Meissner describes the leaves as triple-nerved, but the wer pair are too short to admit of this. 9. A. Hookeri i in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 218. (exel. var. y); branchlets and young Meisen, densely softly rusty-tomentose or yilla, | eaves whorled penninerved (rarely ‘subtriple-nerved) 5-8 in. or ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate glabrous or tomentose ones b Nerves 6-8 pair very slender, male fl. clustered, fem. umbelle Nj ub a cemose on a short stout peduncle, fruit ellipsoid seated on t a 2: ickened Subcampanulate entire perianth-tube. A. angustifolia, Nees ? ; erb, Ind. Or. H. f. g T The Coxcax and Can " ks, Law, Dalxell. : ARA ; on the Ghats, Stocks, ». oung leaves and branches almost woolly ; buds large, silky Le d green when dry, sometimes 8 in. diam., smooth and often polished above, hardly g Petiole 1-1} in , es even when old then often rusty villous (var. dasypoda, Meissn.) d P diam . fem. ways tomentose, Flowers silky ; males very shortly pedicelled, ł in. 3 150 /— OXXVII. LAURINEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Actinodaphne. fewer, longer pedicelled, umbels sessile or subracemose on a short peduncle. Fila- ments woolly. Fruit jin. long; perianth-cup as broad, thick ; pedicel very stout, $-1 in. long.—Habit of A. lanata, but-distinguished from.all its Peninsular allies by the broad leaves ending in long points. It may, however, be a form of angusti olia, in which case madraspatana and lanata may be varieties of it. It is erroneously. placed in the section Notholitsea in the Prodromus. c. Species of Ceylon. 10. A. molochina, Nees Syst. Laurin. 603 (excl. var. y.); leaves 1-3 in. whorled penninerved rigidly coriaceous elliptic obovate or cuneate- obovate obtuse shining above, beneath tomentose glabrous or glaucous, fem. fl. in simple clusters shortly pedicelled, fruit globose seated on the 6-fid erianth-tube. Meissn. in DO. Prodr, xv.1. 211; Thwaites Enum. 257; èght Ic. t. 1843; Beddome For. Man. 186. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 6-8000 ft., Walker, &c. . A small tree, branches rather stout glabrous or scurfily tomentose. Leaves rarely orbi- cular, shining above, hard ; nerves 4-6 pair, very prominent beneath, variable and some- times triple-nerved on the same branch with the penninerved ; petiole short, stout, rarely iin. Bracts 9, outer smaller, 6-flowered. Flowers silky without, glabrous within ; pedicel 2 in., stout. Style glabrous. Fruit “about } in. diam.” (Thwaites), seated on the scarcely enlarged perianth.—Meissner has two varieties, but their characters are found on the same branch, and many more as good might be made of this most variable species, the extremes of which would but for.intermediates be regarded as distinct species. Var. Moonii ; leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate. A. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 256 (not of Meissner).—Ceylon, alt. 5-7000 ft., Moon, Sir G. McKenzie.— Meissner, misled by a misplaced ticket of Thwaites, took a glabrous leaved form of molochina for this. The only specimens are very bad. 1l. A. stenophylla, Thwaites Enum. 256; leaves 2-5 in. whorled penninerved coriaceous linear-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse quite glabrous glaucous beneath, nerves 10-15 pair, fem. fl. in simple clusters shortly pedicelled, fruit globose seated on the entire cup-shaped perianth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 212; Beddome For. Man. 186. A. Thwaitesi, Meissen. l. c. CEYLON; in the Oova and Badulla districts, ascending to 3000 ft. A tree, 20-30 ft. ; branchlets glabrous or rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-8 ina whorl, 4-} in. broad, hardly shining above, midrib beneath stout, nerves usually very regular and slender; petiole }-4 in. Bracts subsilky and ciliate. Flowers many, in round elusters i in. diam., fulvous silky. — Perianth-lobes wholly deciduous. Style villous. Fruit 3 in. diam., black, pedicel 4-} in.—Small forms with leaves 14 by j in. look very different, but are united by intermediates with the larger leaved. ` 12. A. elegans, Thwaites Enwm. 256; leaves 2-4 in. whorled penni- nerved thiuly coriaceous lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite glabrous glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pairs very faint, fem. D. in simple clusters very shortly pedicelled, fruit globose seated on the entire eup-shaped perianth-tube. eissn, in DC, Prodr. xv. 1. 212; Beddome For. Man. 186. . CEYLON ; Central Province and Pasdoon Corle, ascending to 8000 ft., Thwaites. A small tree; branches slender. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl, nerves very finely reticu- lated above almost evanescent, capillary beneath; petiole very slender, i in. Flowers in subsolitary clusters, rusty-tomentose, 4 in. diam. Perianth-lobes wholly deciduous. Filaments villous. Fruit nearly $ in, diam. ; pedicel } in. 13. A. glauca, Nees Syst. Laurin. 599 ; leaves 2-4 in. whorled penni- cy cm —' Actinodaphne.] cxxvir LAURINE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 151 nerved coriaceous elliptic-oblong rounded at both ends glaucous beneath minutely impressedly reticulate, nerves 6-8 pair very slender raised on both surfaces, male fl. large in sessile clusters stoutly pedicelled. A. glauca, B. Walkeri, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 213. CEYLON, Walker. . Branchlets petioles and strong midrib beneath rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 ina Whorl ; petiole + in., stout. Male fl. } in. diam., tomentose, pedicels i in. slender. Bracts about 14, 5-fld. Perianth villous without and at the base within. Filaments Woolly at the base. Ovary and slender style glabrous.—This is the plant (the specimen indeed) described by Nees as A. glauca, and which Meissner referred to a variety of the glauca of Thwaites, which again is a different plant (my pisifera). Nees describes the leaves as glaucous above (no doubt a slip), and as “ scrobiculo-reticulata, allud- ing to the impressed minute reticulation which in a less marked degree is not un- Common in the genus. 14. A. pisifera, Hook. f; quite labrous, branches slender, leaves in, whorled penninerved p ein obtuse impressed punctate on th surfaces glaucous beneath with 6-8 pairs of nerves, unopened clusters of flowers Solitary sessile pisiform quite glabrous 5-fld. bracts eciliate. A. lauca, Thwaites Enum. 256; Meisen. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.213, not of Nees ; eddome For, Man, 186. l CEYLON; at Pedrotatagalla, alt. 7-8000 ft., Thwaites (C. P. 2536). _ : A tree, 30-40 ft, (Thwaites). Leaves in Thwaites’ indifferent specimen thinly coriaceous, with recurved margins, base acute; petiole j in., very slender. fectly panded clusters of flowers 2 in. diam., quite globose, pale, with about 14 per octy glabrous bracts, the outer smallest. Sepals 6; substrigosely hairy in bud. Filamer ` ovary and style quite glabrous.— This is quite distinct from 4. glauca in the yr e glabrous branches, and in the flower-buds, which are scattered like small peas a one e branches, and by the glabrous eciliate bracts. Stamens young, but d y quite glabrous, Thwaites describes the fem. fl. as 1} line long, with the dde f rait pedicels rusty-hairy ; the sterile stamens as spathulate, acute, glabrous, and i d from c Poe obose, on the slightly enlarged crenulate perianth, I have descri * Tf Female flowers in peduncled umbels or elusters; or mixed, some S celled simply, others umbelled on peduncles in the same inflorescence. (See also 4. madraspatana, lanata & Hookeri.) 15. A. sesquipedalis, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Herb. Ind. Or.; branches Very robust tomentose, leaves LO A auninerved very coriaceous 1-2 feet linear or obl ini beneath, nerves anceolate acute shining above subglaucous , 15-2 pair strong venules 0 or faint, fem. fl. solitary and umbellate on HN uncles in the same cluster, fruit globose on a broad fla "B lume) renate disk, Litsæa macrophylla, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 305 (not of . minm sesquipedalis, Wall. Cat. 6809. ENASSERIM ; at Mer ui, Griffith. PrNANG, Wallich. il. lons, Hes as thick as the fore Anger, terete, smooth, finely pubesocnt, vci va us Y hirsute. Leaves many in a whorl, 2-7 in. diam., dark Diori sh glo y length Argest more membranous, base very acute, finely pubescent beneath, la - Ver. erves; petiole Slabrous, surfaces not reticulate, midrib impresséd above, bu’ not the diam, globose, 3, Stout, 4-1 in. p it in cluster i A it, $— . l t . Fruit in cius . - = m iam, shining ; peduncles and pedicels } in., very stout, hard, pubescent ; dis- fa erm enlarged and thiekened perianth hard, rugose outside, flat an iri ^ in the ce—Kurz has referred this to Blume's Litsea macrophylla, which di ` Much smaller leaves not narrowed at the base and short petiole. 16. A, Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches very robust, leaves whorled 152 CXXVII LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Actinodaphne. penninerved 1-2 feet very coriaceous oblanceolate or oblong-obovate sub- acute shining above rusty-tomentose beneath, nerves 15-20 pair very strong beneath with strong parallel transverse venules, fem. fl. solitary and umbellate on short peduncles in the same cluster, fruit globose on a broad flat 6-lobed perianth. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1275 and 1258, sesquipedalis). . Habit of A. sesquipedalis; leaves as large and of the same shape and texture, but tomentose beneath and barred between the nerves with strong parallel venules ; the fruiting calyx is much smaller and less coriaceous and thick, the perianth-lobes persistent, and the globose black fruit is only 3 in. diam. 17. A. pruinosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 68, iii. 31, and Syst. Laurin. 591; branches slender, leaves whorled penninerved 3-5 in. coria- ceous lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate smooth and shining above glaucous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair very slender, fem. fl. very small in peduncled umbels or clusters, fruit seated on the cupular-turbinate perianth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1.216, Laurus pruinosa, Wall. Cut. 2584. PENANG, SINGAPORE and MALACCA, Wallich, Maingay. . Branches rather slender, branchlets densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl, dark brown glossy and quite smooth above with the nerves obscure beneath, not reticulate, midrib red on both surfaces, finely pubescent beneath when young; glabrous in age; petiole j-3 in., slender. Flowers à in. diam., silky, shortly pedi- celled, Style slender, glabrous. Fruiting perianth } in. diam., lobes deciduous; fruit not seen. 18. A. angustifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 31, and Syst. Laurin, 594 (excl. syn. Blume); branches robust, leaves whorled penn- nerved 4-12 in. lanceolate oblanceolate or elliptic obtusely acuminate shining above young tomentose beneath, nerves 6-10 pair strong beneath very oblique, fem. fl. in peduncled umbels, fruit globose on a small cup- shaped entire perianth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 214; Wight Ic. t. 1841; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1.967; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 295, figs. 10, 11. ? A. heterophylla, Blume Mus. Bot. t. 342; Meissn. l. c. 214. Tetranthera angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 2559. T. caduca, Herb. Ham. Litsæa angustifolia, Kurz For. Fl ii. 305. Laurus Gullawara, Herb. Ham. Assam, Hamilton, Jenkins, Suner and Kmasra Mrs., alt. 1-2000 ft., J: D. H. T. T., Clarke. CHITTAGONG, Clarke. Peau and TENASSERIM, Wallich, &c.— ISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. A tree, branches rather robust, young softly tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl, very variable in length and breadth, glossy with slender raised nerves above, beneath glaucous or not, quite veinless between the strong nerves, villous when young ; petiole $-3 in. Clusters silkily villous; flowers din. diam. Style villous. Fruit 4 in. diam. or less, cup 2 in. diam., pedicel about as long.—Judging from the leaf only, A. macrop- tera, Miquel, of Sumatra, is this. It a good deal resembles A. Haokeri. _ 19. A. hirsuta, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath hirsute and brown-tomentose, leaves whorled penninerved 4-6 in. thinly coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate smooth and shining above, nerves 8-10 pair very slender, fem. fl. long-pedicelled umbellate or subracemose 0n a hirsute peduncle, fruit (young) seated on the cup-shaped quite entire perianth-tube. MALABAR ; at Quillon, Wight. , Apparently a very distinct species, in young fruit only, allied to A. lanata of the Nilghiris, but with broader (1}-2 in.) leaves densely tomentose beneath, and hirsute branches petioles and nerves beneath ; the flowers too are long-pedicelled and umbel- Aetinodaphne.] cxxvut. tavrinex. (J. D. Hooker.) 153 late ; the common peduncle is 1—1 in. long, and the pedicels rather longer.—Being found at Quillon, this is probably a coast species. l ** Leaves in interrupted whorls, or the lower opposite, triple-nerved at the base, the lateral nerves reaching beyond the middle of the leaf. : 20. A. speciosa, Nees Syst. Laurin. 602; branchlets stout and leaves beneath densely rusty-tomentose, leaves opposite and whorled triple-nerved ong-petioled very thickly coriaceous orbicular rugose above, nerves 4-6 pair very strong beneath with strong eross-venules, clusters globose small silkily tomentose. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 219; Wight Ic. t. 1842; Thwaites Enum. 257 ; Bedd. For. FL 187. CEYLON; Central Province, ascending to 8000 ft. . A small tree, 30-40 ft. ; branches very stout. Leaves 6-10 in. diam., 3—4 in a whorl and opposite, abruptly acuminate, base rounded or subacute, shining brown above iie eeply impressed nerves and nervules, the former tomentose beneath almost velvety With rusty-brown hairs ; petiole 1-2 in., very stout. Clusters of flowers il m; diam. ; pedicels very short. Male perianth } in. diam. ; tube very short ; obes glabrous within ; fem. longer pedicelled. Filaments villous. Style woolly. 2t “ subspherical, seated on the enlarged truncate base of the perianth," Thwaites. ar. B. Candolleana, Thwaites 1. c. ; leaves less coriaceous more sparingly hairy ovate p. oblong-lanceolate acuminate base acute. A. Candolleana, Meissn. l. c.—Centra vince, at about 4000 ft., T'waites. 21. A. obovata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 949; branchlets and leaves rusty-pubescent, leaves whorled triple-nerved 10-18 in. long-petioled thinly coriaceous broadly elliptic-oblong or obovate acuminate smooth and shining #ove often glaucous beneath, nerves 3-4 pairs slender beneath, male fl. £e clustered, fem. panicled, fruit ellipsoid seated on the thickened cupular ob ° Perianth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 219. Tetranthera s ovata, Wall. Cat. 2562. Tetradenia obovata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. Hon Litseea obovata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 636. Laurus obovata, Herb. SEIN Hnrataya, alt. 1-2000 ft., J. D. H, Clarke. Assast, Jenkins, SILHET and Kuasra Mrs., ascending to 3000 ft.—DzsrRrs. Munnipore. able in size and Small tree; branches stout. Leaves 4-12 in. diam., very variable in siz T ambi x leaves subverticillate 1-31 - Sua, Hook. f., nearly glabrous, le | a deg orbicular or broadly ‘plone (rarely oblong-lanceolate) obtuse or Dp Ses il ed triple-nerved glaucous beneath margins recurved, umbels Ron molselifary or clustered, bracts 6-8, fruit ellipsoid subovoid or subglobose. ab olochina, Y. Subtriplinervis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 211. itese ves Meisen, l e, p. zeylanica, var. B., Thwaites Enum, 257, in part. 7, arg eris, Thwaites Enum. 258; Meissn. l. c. 222 (C. P. 2699, 3155, 2280, - i 7 T dner Thwaites? Ambagamowa district and Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft; Gardner, A small tree; b tellous,” Thwaites, Leaves 101 3 branchlet lly black, ** brown-tomentellous, artes, nery esl coriaceous, pale brown convex above and shining with 6-8 pair of impressed the 2 glaucous (white and pruinose, Thwaites) beneath with rather slender nery a te; petia ^ Ching about the middle of the leaf, vase rounded or ed rar i ened ` Petiole 4} in, (and midrib hairy at the base, Thwaites), Umbels, unop 154 . CXXVII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Actinodaphne. globose, 1—3 in. diam., scattered along the branches and axillary ; bracts hard, strongly ciliate, outer smaller glabrous, inner hemispheric rusty silkily hairy ; flowers pedicelled, 4 in. diam., and pedicel silkily tomentose. Sepals 4-6, oblong. Stamens 6-9, fila- ments short. Fruit about } in. long.—A very distinct species, strangely mixed up with others by Thwaites and Meissner. I have adopted Meissner’s specific name as the orbicular-leaved state is quite exceptional, and it is certainly not a Litsea. Meissner's var. B. lanceolata is a narrower leaved form. *** Leaves scattered or alternate more or less triple-nerved. 23. A. confertiflora, Meissn. in DC, Prodr. xv. 1. 219; glabrous, leaves alternate 5-7 in. coriaceous orbicular-ovate or -oblong acute or obtuse triple-nerved and with 3-4 pair of strong superior nerves,” pale or sub- glaucous beneath and delicately reticulate, flowers very numerous long- pedicelled in dense axillary subsessile fascicled clusters, bracts not seen. .. Eastern HIMALAYA; Bhotan, near Dewangiri, alt. 2-3000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 433), Branches stout, black when dry, smooth. Leaves 3-4 in. broad, pale brown and shining above, with slender raised nerves; paler beneath with very strong nerves, of which the two lower pair are penninervuled towards the margin of the leaf; base acute; petiole 2-1 in. long. Flowers, unexpanded } in. diam., globose, glabrous, oF nearly so; pedicels j-j in.; common peduncle 3, in., scarred by the fallen bracts. Sepals rounded, coneave, coriaceous. Filaments glabrous, anthers short. Ovary subglobose, with three lateral furrows, a subulate style and acute stigma. Fruit unknown.—The ovary is remarkable for the genus, i 24. A. leiantha, Hook. f.; glabrous except the rasty-tomentose inflorescence, leaves scattered 5-9 in. coriaceous subtriple-nerved lanceolate acute or subacute, nerves 6-8 pair beneath subglaucous not reticulated, flowers in axillary and infra-axillary racemes which when young are clothed with imbricate rounded silky caducous bracts. Litsæa leiantha, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 305. TENASSERIM (or Andaman Islands), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4330). 234 Branches black, bark smooth. Leaves brown when dry, 2-2} in. diam., rigid, margins undulate, base acute, shining above with raised nerves, beneath glaucous when young, lowest pair of nerves longest, $-4 the length of the leaf; petiole 1-13 In» slender. Flowers d in, diam, clusters arranged on an erect raceme 1-2 in. long ; rachis slender, nearly glabrous; pedicels short; bracts 1 in. diam., coriaceous. Perianth villous within at the base; segments concave. Filaments and anthers short. Ovary and style slender glabrous, stigma discoid. Fruit unknown.—The foliage resembles that of A. spherocarpa of Java, in which the flowers are umbelled. The racemose inflorescence is unique in the genus. . DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ACTINODAPHNE Sp. South Andaman, Kurz in Herb. Caleutt.; branches Very stout and petiole and midrib above and beneath brown-tomentose, leaves whorl penninerved 12-18 by 4-7 in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate shining above glaucous un reticulate beneath, nerves 12-15 pair and cross nerves impressed above raised beneath, petiole stout 1-1} in. ACTINODAPHNE sp. Beddome in his Ferest Manual (187) alludes to a new and fine species called Nattee as forming a lofty tree in the South Canara Ghats. ACTINODAPHNE? from Seetakoond, near Chittagong, Clarke; a plant very like A, leiantha, having similar racemose inflorescence. Branches slender and leaves glabrous. Leaves scattered triple-nerved, thinly coriaceous, 3-5 in., elliptic or elliptic lanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate, narrowed into a ver long slender petiole 4-1} in., impressed punctate on both surfaces, subglaucous beneath, lower pair : nerves very long, others few or 0. Racemes 4-1 in., solitary or 2-nate, erect, simp'? o — —— (c—— 1 — Actinodaphne.] CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 155: or compressed, formed of globose clusters of 3-5 flowers enclosed in 6-8 subsilkily pubescent rounded concave bracts; peduncle of raceme slender, with a few small scale, Flowers too young to analyze.—This may be a Lindera, for the inflorescence lat resembles that of L. caudata; or possibly a Litsea of the section eoesea. ll. LYTSIEA, Lamk. (TETRANTHERA, Jacq.) Evergreen, rarely deciduous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely , Opposite or subopposite, penninerved, rarely triple-nerved, leaf-buds naked or scaly. Flowers dicecious, umbéllate; umbels 4—6- rarely more-flowered, sessile or pedicelled ; pedicels clustered rarely solitary, axillary or on the eaf-scars, sometimes racemose or fascicled on a common peduncle; invo- lucral bracts 4-6, rarely more, concave, coriaceous or membranous. Perianth- ube ovoid campanulate or very short; lobes or segments 6—4, rarely more or ewer, equal or unequal, or in a few wanting. Stamens 6, 9, 12, rarely more or fewer; filaments of Ist and 2nd series usually eglandular, of the 3rd (and ih if present) 2-glandular; anthers all introrse, 4-celled. Fruita drupe or succulent, seated on the often greatly enlarged perianth-tube.—S ecies about 140, - Tropical and Eastern Asia, Australasia, the Pacific Islands, rare in Africa and America. After many weeks of study Iam unable to offer a satisfactory account of the Indian Litsæas, flower of one or other sex and fruit of most being wanted to determine ìr affinities and formulate the diagnoses of the species. The sections Conodaphne ftd licodaphne pass into one another, and cannot be distinguished without ripe 0 A which ìs wanting in two-thirds of the plants referred by Meissner to the first h: ese sections, Blume’s section Tomingodaphne, if confined to the deciduous j^ „Species, may, I think, be retained. . io Wie di ad be borne in mind that neither Nees nor Meissner cites Roxburgh’s É i r * Flor » 88 also that Roxburgh adopted different names for the same plant in is Y nu dm his unpublished “ Icones," and in the Calcutta Bot. Garden. I have been eae ations In identifying Indian species with Malayan, for want of better specimens ran e atter, I think it probable that sect. Meolitsea will be restored to generic » aS Tetradenia, from its habit and floral characters, Sect. T. Tomin id alternate, penni- lir godaphne, Blume. Leaves deciduous, ». ved, terminal buds usually perulate (clothed with imbricate chartaceous of rae Perianth-segments 6; tube not enlarged in fruit.—Mountain species, 11,000 feet elevation. * Terminal buds naked. l. X, citrata Bl jj i b hes black when . ume Bijd. 565; quite glabrous, branch dry, leaves 5-7 in. deciduous alternate long-petioled penninerved mem- nous greenish when dry lanceolate caudate-acuminate glaucous beneath, Lerveg 19— . N a very short 15 pair very slender, umbels solitary or Cree p erianih-base uncle 4-10-fld . ] T + pedicels very slender, fruit small g Boi enlarged. Tetranthera citata, Nees Syst. Laurin. 560; dr ved rg Nees in ps, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 958. T. polyantha, Wall. Cat. 253%; Pay Wall. Pl. As. Rar, ii. 67, and Syst. Laurin. 545; Bea n Fo, TL E 1s (including B. citrata, but excluding China as locality); Kurz * £0, 1, "m a, STEEN HIMALAYA; from Sikkim to Mishmii, alt. 5-9000 ft. Kmasra Mrs., A deci " - Ava, Kurz.— DrsTRIB. Java. slender „200S bush or small tree, with a delightful us batte smooth; terminal bud naked. Leaves . > right green above, dull glaucous beneath, youngest silky ; rance of oranges; branches geo most membranous of the nerves variable, from 156 CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litscea. nearly horizontal or obliquely ascending, base acute; petiole }-1 in., very slender. Umbels X in. diam. ; bracts membranous, not in decussating pairs, glabrous or sparsely silky ; flowers with usually villous white pedicels ; males about $ in. diam., with an abortive ovary ; females smaller, stamens imperfect, stigma disciform. Sepals men branous, obovate, subequal. Stamens 9-10 in the male, 3 of them 2-glandular ; fila- ments usually hairy; anthers quadrate. Fruit 1-4 in. diam.— This is not the L. citrata of Hong Kong. 2. b. Kingii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches black when dry, leaves 3-4 in. alternate deciduous penninerved short-petioled thinly coria- ceous greenish when dry elliptic-lanceolate acute glaucous and reticulate beneath, nerves 12-18 pair very slender and spreading, umbels solitary or few and corymbose stoutly pedicelled recurved in bud 5-fid., fruit small globose, perianth-base not enlarged. L. citrata, Herb. Calcutta, in part. Tetranthera No. 5, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. SIKKIM HiMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft, J. D. H., King, Clarke. KHASIA MTS; Griffith. D deciduous bush, with a delightful spicy fragrance ; branches stout, quite smooth ; terminal buds with the young leaves quite glabrous and convolute (like a lanceolate or perulate bud). Leaves thin but firm in texture, shining and reticulate above, with pale nerves, base acute; petiole 1-1 in. Umbels À in. diam.; bracts 4—5, quite glabrous, not decussately opposite; flowers with short quite glabrous pedicels ; males about à in. diam, Sepals 6, oblong, unequal. Stamens 8-12, 4 or 6 2-glandular; filaments glabrous. Ovary minute; female in smaller fewer-fld. umbels ; perianth more irregular; stigma discoid. Fruit 4 in. diam.— Closely allied to L. citrata, but quite distinct in the stouter branches, more elliptic acute leaves, short petioles, and much stouter pedicels of the umbels. ** Terminal buds perulate. 3. L. sericea, Wall. Cat. 2545 (Tetranthera); branches black when ary, terminal buds perulate, leaves 3-4 in. alternate deciduous- penninerve subcoriaceous oblong-lanceolate base acute softly tomentose and reticulate beneath, nerves slender 10-12 pair, umbels solitary very shortly pedicelled 8-20 fld., bracts 4 caducous, fruit long-pedicelled small subglobose on the. very small flat perianth-tube. Tetranthera sericea, Wall.; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 67, and Syst. Laurin. 565; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 376. T sericea and T. sikkimensis (excl. syn. T. elongata and hab, Khasia), Meiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 181. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 9-11,000 ft.; from Nepal, Wallich, to Bhota®, Griffith. —DisTRIB. Munnipore. A small very aromatic tree, sometimes 50 ft. high; bud-scales rigid, outer short obtuse, innermost long, lanceolate, acuminate ; branches robust. Leaves pale brown when dry, young clothed with fulvous brown silky shining tomentum, base very acute; petiole } in., tomentose. Umbels nearly 1 in. diam., on very short tomentose peduncles ; bracts glabrous; flowers pedicelled, tin. diam. Sepals 6, rounded, hairy at the base within. Stamens 12, short, filaments hairy; anthers broad, square ; glands very large. Ovary ovoid, style stout,. stigma very large. Fruit à in. long pedicels 2-1 in. long. 4. L. oreophila, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches rather slender, leaves alternate penninerved deciduous ovate-lanceolate acuminate finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves 8-10 pair very slender, umbels solitary pedicelled ovoid in bud and mucronate 6-fld., bracts 4 broadly ovate acu cucullate glabrous, flowers tomentose. Lindera Hookeri, Meissn. in pe Prodr. xv. 1. 245. SIKKIM Himataya ; Lachoong Valley, alt. 10-11,000 ft., J. D. H. Litsæa.] CXXVIII. LAURINE®. (J. D. Hooker.) . 157 A bushy tree, branches terete; buds scaly, glabrous. Leaves 2-3 in., rather mem- branous, greenish when dry, not glaucous beneath, base rounded or cuneate ; petiole j in., very slender. Umbels in bud 1 in. long, erect on a rather stout pedicel } in. long. Flowers very young, 9?, filaments villous; anthers 4-celled.— Meissner de- scribes this as a Lindera, but I find that I many years ago made a note that the anthers are 4-celled, and on a second examination I am confirmed in this. I am not positive as to the leaves being deciduous, judging from appearance only. Sect. II. Bulitseea, Benth. Leaves persistent, alternate, penninerved. Perianth-segments very incomplete or 0, tube not or slightly enlarged in fruit. Stamens often more than 12. 5. L. tomentosa, Herb. Heyne, ex Wall. Cat. 2550; densely softly tomentose except the leaves above, leaves 3-7 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous elliptic or oblong obtuse acute or acuminate, nerves 8-10 pair, umbels large solitary many-fld., perianth incomplete or 0, fruit globose on the small thickened perianth-tube. Tetranthera tomentosa, Roxb. ex Walt. Cat. 1. c. A, B; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 177 (excl. habitat of Sirmore and citat. of Nees); Wight Ic. t.1834; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 297 (description only). T. apetala, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 222. T. japonica fem., Herb. Wight. Laurinez, Wall. Cat. 7455. Deccan PENINSULA; on the Western Ghats, from the Concan southwards. EYLON ; Central Province, ascending to 4000 ft. . n evergreen tree; branchlets stout. Leaves pale when dry, finely reticulated above, laxly beneath, base acute or rounded ; petiole 3-4 in. Umbels } -$ in. diam. ; pedicel as long, stout; bracts 4, tomentose on both surfaces; flowers very shortly Pedicelled. Stamens 18-20, filaments long, s'ender, villous; glands long-pedicelled. Fruit 4 in. diam.—Griffith’s Mergui plant, and Wallich’s 2550 C (not A as quoted y wcissner), are flowerless specimens of D. sebifera, as is probably Meissner's yt: 8.? birmaniea, which I have not seen. Kurz, who introduces the latter in his Forest Flora on Meissner’s authority, never saw it. I have no idea what Gamble's g (omentosa from Sikkim, alt. 6-8000 ft., is (Man. Ind. Timb. 310); his Birman T tomentosa is doubtless L. sebifera, var. tomentosa, Wallich’s lithographed ticket, No. 745 > Laurin.," is attached to a sheet without a specimen ; but another sheet, 80 marked 7455 in pencil, contains a specimen of L. tomentosa. 99° L. sebifera, Pers. Syn.ii.4; glabrous or tomentose, leaves alternate rounded, nerves 8-10 pair, umbels corymbose or racemose usually long- pedicelled few- or many-Ad., perianth iln incomplete or 0, fruit globose on ? small thickened perianth-tube. An evergreen tree, 20-50 ft., of protean habit foliage and inflorescence. Leaves subterminal on the branches, pale when dry; petiole 3-1 in. Umbels few or many, in. diam, ; pedicels clustered on a stout or slender common peduncle 3-3 in. d E vill ts 4, more or less tomentose. Stamens 9-20 or more, filaments more or " mous. Fruit tho size of a pea, pedicel sometimes thickened.—I recognize three Principal forms of this variable plant: 1, leaves usually thin, glabrous or nearly so, Small, oblong, tip rounded ; 2, leaves much larger, more pubescent beneath, and mare or less acute; 3, leaves large, ovate or oblong, acute, thickly tomentose beneat dug both Surfaces (as in states of L. tomentosa, for which flowerless specimens have m taken by Nees and Meissner). The varieties proposed by „Blume and Meissner y be grouped as follows, I am compelled to query Jacquin’s plate of laurifolia, 158 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litscea. which represents the perianth of 6 equal lobes toothed at the tips; which is totally unlike anything I have met with in the large suite of specimens examined. . Var. 1. L. sebifera proper; leaves 3-6 in. thin oblong glabrous above sparingly pubescent beneath. L. sebifera & tetranthera, Pers. Synops. ii. 4. L. multiflora, Blume Bijd. ii. 564. L. chinensis, Lamk. Dict. iii. 574. — Tetranthera laurifolia, multiflora, racemoso-umbellata & Roxburghii, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 373, 374, and in-: cluding Var. Jacquinii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1.178,179. T. laurifolia (? Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. i. 59; t. 113); Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 823; Bot. Heg. t. 893 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 372; Wall. Cat. 2555 A, D; Brand. For. Fl. 319; Gamblé Man. Ind. Timb. 310. T. Roxburghii, Nees in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 65 and iii. 30, and Syst. Laurin. 515; Thwaites Enum. 255. T. apetala, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 25, t. 147, and Fl. Ind. iii. 819; Gærtn. f. Fruct. iii. 226, t. 222; Wall. Cat. 2554 B, C. T. capi- tata, Herb. Roxb. Tomex tetranthera & sebifera, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 839, 840. Sebifera glutinosa, Lour. Fl. Coch. ii. 783. Laurus involucrata, Konig in Retz. Obs. vi. 27. Gaja nippeli, Jones in Asiat. Res. iv. 303.—Widely distributed. Var. 2. glabraria; leaves usually larger more ovate and acute usually more to- mentose beneath. L. glabraria & levis, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. 212. L. geminata, Blume Bijd. 564. L. platyphylla, Pers. Synops. Tetranthera geminata, glabraria & platyphylla, Nees Syst. Laurin. 559, 569, 570. T. citrifolia & tersa, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 266, 267. T. apetala, Wall. Cat. 2554, in part. T. polycephala, Wall. mss. T. laurifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 66 and iii. 30, and Syst. Laurin. 519; Benth. Fl. Austral. v. 305. T. litoralis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 375, and B. glabrescens, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 180. T. laurifolia, vars. citrifolia, platyphylla & attenuata, Blume l. c. 374, and (including var. longifolia) Meissn. l. c. 179. Glabraria tersa, Linn. Mant. 276. G. tersa & litoralis, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 941, 943.— Widely distributed. Var. 3. tomentosa; leaves ovate or oblong acute and branches densely] softly to- mentose on both surfaces or sparingly above. Tetranthera tomentosa, Nees in Walt. Pl. As. Rar, ii. 65, and Syst. Laurin. 511 (not of Rozb.). T. laurifolia? Wall. Cat. 2550 C.—Western Himalaya; Sirmore, Wallich; Kumaon and Garwhal, alt. 2- 3000 ft. Birma and Tenasserim, Wallich, &c.— Except by the compound umbels this is undistinguishable from L. tomentosa, and favours the view taken by Dalzell and Gibson, that tomentosa and sebifera are forms of one species. 7. L. ligustrina, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 65, and Syst. Lauri. 513, 677 (Tetranthera); glabrous or the shoots pubescent, leaves m. persistent alternate penninerved shortly petioled elliptic oblong or obovate: obtuse or acute shining and reticulated above, nerves 6-8 pair, umbels solitary or clustered many-fid., bracts glabrous, perianth very incomplete or 0. Tetranthera ligustrina, Nees; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 180; Wight Ie. t. 1835; Wall. Cat. 2555 C, E. T. celastroides, Mig. in P" Hohenack. n. 1336. Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats, from the Nilghiri Hills and southward. A bush or small tree, similar at first sight to states of L. sebifera, but more glabrous, leaves always small, with very fine reticulation above, shorter petioles rarely à in, and simple umbels, with slender pedicels and glabrous bracts. . ila ments villous. Fruit not seen.—The Ceylon plant referred here by Thwaites 18 the following. 8. L. undulata, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles and inflorescence hoary” pubescent, leaves 3-6 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous linear-oblonf obtuse glabrous except the midrib beneath, margins waved, umbels solitary and clustered stoutly pedicelled, bracts pubescent, perianth very incomplete Tetranthera ligustrina, Thwaites Enum, 254, not of Nees. CEYLON; in the Central Province, Walker, Macre. v6 Branches robust. Leaves 1-1} in. broad, shining and not reticulated abo h pale grey-brown beneath, nerves 10-12 pair, slender; petiole 3-3 in., at lengt y t ' above with im Litsæa.] CXXVIII. LAURINE®. (J. D. Hooker.) l 159 glabrous. Umbels globose, 4—4 in. diam. ; pedicels 4 in. Stamens villous, Fruit not seen.— Possibly a form of L. ligustrina. . 9. L. membranifolia, Hook. f.; branches stout, shoots petioles leaves beneath and umbels hoary-pubescent, leaves 8-12 by 4-6 in. alternate .Penninerved very membranous oblong-obovate obtuse or apiculate green when dry hardly glaucous beneath, nerves 10-14 pair slender, cross nervules strong beneath, umbels solitary large long-pedicelled, bracts 4 hoary, flowers numerous pedicelled, perianth incomplete. em Assam; Mishmi Hills, and woods at Yen, Griffith (Kew Distrib. ). A medium-sized tree; bark of branches smooth, red-brown. Leaves with cuneate ases, obscurely pubescent between the nerves, very thin. Umbels (flowering) 1 in. 1am.; pedicel as long, slender; flowers and pedicels villous, Sepals 3 or more, unequal, small. Filaments very ‘slender, ł in. long, sparsely villous.— Possibly an extreme form of L. sebifera, but most dissimilar, - Sect. TIT. Conodaphne, Blume. Leaves persistent, alternate or oppo- site, penninerved. Perianth-segments usually 6, equal or subequal, rarely unequal; tube not or slightly enlarged in fruit, except L. Blumii. (The ut and fruiting perianth-tube are known in'very few species referred to this fection by Blumeand Meissner. Some of the following are possibly referable to Sect. Cylicodaphne.) n pee opposite or subopposite (sometimes alternate on the same spe- n 10. L. lancifolia, Rozb. ex Wall. Cat. 2532 (Tetranthera) (not T. | siuceafolia of Fl. Ind.); branches slender finely tomentose, leaves opposite and ?rnate 3-8 in. thin shortly petioled penninerved oblong or elliptic-oblong or “lanceolate acute or acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 6-8 pair, umbels ; small in usually very shortly pedicelled clusters villously tomentose, racts 6 3-fld,, fruit, globose on the very minute flat perianth-tube. T. lan- Sfolia, Roxd.; Nees in Wall. Pl As. Rar. ii. 65, and Syst. Laurin. 509 ; “ssn. in DO, Prodr. xy. 1. 194; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 944 (ex cl. var. e. dr syn. Roxb, Fl. Ind). T. chrysantha and T. pusilla, Blume Mus. Bot. L 376. T. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 2534, in part. TROPICAL Eastern HIMALAYA; from Bhotan to Mishmi, Griffth. SILHET and HASIA Mrs., ascending to 3000 ft Wallich, &c. TENASSERIM, Griffith, &c.— TA to. Borneo ” d «ole in wire =» 9USh or small tree; pub r rusty. Leaves very variable in size, "yng grey or red-brown, DOE Coria M young finely tomentose beneath, smooth iam. - pressed nerves, nervules faint beneath ; petiole 1-4 in. Clusters 4 D ;; umbels very small and shortly pedicelled, in bud } in. diam, ; flowers yg in. b " Pa's very unequal, villous. Stamens about 6, usually shorter than the sepals, bu very unequal Frui : e . : ; laucophylla pusilla, b An ruit 4 in. diam., apiculate.—Meissner's vars. géaucop you, L oblong, and alternifolia offer no constant characters; his var. e. appears to be cis a, ar, pedicellata; pedicels very slender + in. long, branches less tomentose.— Tenasserim or Andaman Islands, Hel Kew Distrib. 4306). "M ar. alternifolia, Meissn. L e. A AS mostly alternate more glabrous.—Sikkim Hi Imalaya, J, D. H. (Herb. Ind. Or., Tetranthera, No. 15). ll. 2 . ite and sub- 4,4, STacilipes, Hook.f; quite glabrous, leaves oppost oposite 4-5 in, penninarred thai oria seons pale elliptic- or oblong-lan: acute or subacute smooth above beneath obscurely reticulate an 160 CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litsea. when dry with close impressed points, nerves 5-7 pair very slender and oblique, umbels few in a cluster 3-4-fld. pedicel filiform. satt) wee 3 yn MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4311). J Branchlets slender ; bark brown, smooth. Leaves li-14 in. broad, nerves above very obscure; base very acute; petiole }-+ in. Umbels (male) about } in. when expanded; pedicels }-} in.; bracts 4, minutely puberulous, as are the sessile flowers. Sepals 4-6, spathulate, membranous, ciliate. Stamens 10, filaments slender, gla- brous; anthers short. Ovary O. Perianth-tube after flowering (when jl in. long) clavate, truncate, with a contracted mouth.—A very distinct plant, of which more specimens are much wanted. The leaves are attacked by a species of fungus like that of L. chartacea. The pedicels of the umbels do not seem to thicken after flowering, but they are too young to judge from. 12. L. Blumii, Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. ii. 65; branches stout and leaves beneath and umbels rusty-tomentose, leaves opposite 6-12 in. pen- ninerved rigidly coriaceous linear-oblong obtuse or acute smooth above obscurely reticulate beneath with 8-15 pair of very strong arched nerves, umbels many clustered very shortly pedicelled 6-8 fld., fruit ellipsoid half sunk in the large hemispheric truncate quite entire warted very shortly pedicelled perianth-tube. LL. ferruginea, Blume Bijd. 501. Cylicodaphne ferruginea, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.207. Actinodaphne Blumu, Nees Syst. Laurin. 598. Tetranthera fulva 8. rigida in part, Meissn. l. c. 195. Lepidadenia ferruginea, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 935. Maracoa, Griffith, Maingay, &e.— DISTRIB. Java. . A tree ; branches rather stout. Leaves very rarely subopposite, 2-34 in. diam., above smooth, usually yellow-green with faintly-impressed nerves and recurve margins, base acute or cuneate; petiole stout, À-l in. Umbels (female) } in. diam. when expanded; bracts 4, coriaceous; flowers small, tomentose. Sepals oblong, densely silky-tomentose. Stamens (in sketch in Wight's Herb. from Griffith's specimens) 12, all imperfect, hairy, of Ist and 2nd row hairy, 2-glandular with the anthers produced into a ligula. Ovary with a slender erect style and lobed stigma. . Fruit 1 in. long ; cup of perianth 2 in. diam., edge of mouth acute.— That this is Litsea ferruginea of Blume is nearly certain from comparison with a named specimen from Blume in the Hookerian Herbarium. Meissner describes the fruit as globose and the perianth-tube as flat with a torn margin, characters foreign both to Miquel's description of the fruit, and to that of the Malaccan plant. Bat. 13. E. sessiliflora, Hook. f. ; branches stout and leaves beneath and inflorescence rusty-tomentose, leaves 8-12 in. opposite penninerved very Pi shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate acuminate rugose above, nerves 16-20 pair very strong beneath with raised cross-nervules, umbels axillary sessile 3-fid., flowers sessile, perianth villous, fruit small globose seated on the persistent 6-lobed perianth. PENANG ; on Government Hill, Maingay. A tree, 10 feet high (Maingay); branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, densely tomentose. Leaves bifarious, coriaceous, rusty-brown, above glabrous except the tomentose midrib with deeply sunk nerves, beneath red brown ; petiole j in» Very stout. Umbeis appressed to the axils, solitary or crowded, 4 in. diam.; tacto , scarious, villous. Sepals subequal, obtuse, Stamens 9, shorter than the perianth ’ filaments short, villous, 3 inner 2-glandular ; anthers short. Ovary and style glabrous. Fruit, young size of a pea, seated on the stellate perianth.—A very remarkable species, with the babit of Z.. Blumii, but a very different fruit and with rugose leaves. ** Leaves alternate, glabrous beneath or nearly so. 14. x. Wallichii, Hook. f., quite glabrous, leaves alternate 4-18 in. H E ji The species is omitted in Blume's revision of the Litsæas, &c., in Mus. Bot. Lugd. | | ; Litscá. ) CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 161 penninerved.thinly coriaceous elli tic-oblong-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate exquisitely reticulate on both surfaces subglaucous -beneath, nerves strong 4-6 pair, umbels axillary solitary or clustered, bracts membranous glabrous 4-fid., stamens glabrous, fruit small ovoidly globose on the persistent 6-lobed perianth. Lindera nervosa, Kurz For. Fl.ii. 308. Tetranthera chartacea P, Wall. Cat. 2531 B. T. chartacea, 8. ? nervosa, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 186 and 513. Laurin., Wall. Cat. 7531, the right-hand specimen. EASTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; Bhotan, Griffith (Kew Distrib, 4290). BURMA ; at Amherst, Wallich. ARRACAN and TENASSERIM, Kurz, &c. A tree; branches quite smooth. Leaves coriaceous, but flexible, shining, pale brown or greenish above when dry, largest 20 by 9 in., the reticulations between the - nerves extremely fine, base acute obtuse or (in Bhotan specimens) rounded; nerves beneath slender but prominent, often reddish, petiole 3-4 in. Umbels few, } in. diam., pedicel 1—1 in.; bracts caducous; male flowers small, glabrous within and without, subsessile. Sepals oblong. Stamens 9, 3 inner 2-glandular, anthers oblong. Ovary 0 or imperfect, with a slender style and small stigma. Fruit j in. long, pedicel ig in., thick.—A very handsome species. l5. L. mishmiensis, Hook. f; branches black and leaves quite glabrous, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerved long-petioled thinly coria- ceous oblong-lanceolate acuminate base acute smooth above pale brown neath, nerves 12-16 pair very slender, umbels solitary axillary and on short leafy branches long-pedicelled 10-15-fld., bracts caducous and long- pedicelled flowers pubescent or tomentose. UPPER Assam; Mishmi Hills at Laim-Planj-thaya, Griffith. 2n A large tree, branches smooth ; buds silkily tomentose. Leaves 14-2 in. diam., not rigid, faintly irregularly reticulated beneath; petiole slender, 4-3 in. Umbels 4-4 in. diam. ; pedicel j in., pubescent, not stout; bracts 4-5, very concave, coria- Ceous ; pedicels of flowers 4—4 in., and base of male perianth white-tomentose. Sepals 6, small, oblong. Stamens 9, 3 inner 2-glandular; filaments short, glabrous, anthers Square. Ovary minute; style slender, stigma small Fruit unknown.—Quite unlike any other species in the long pedicels of the male flowers, whence the inflorescence resembles a Lindera. 16. L. assamica, Hook. f.; branches and leaves glabrous or the latter faintly puberulous beneath, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous greenish when dry very shortly petioled elliptioacuminate at bot ends smooth above faintly reticulate and pale beneath with 6-10 very slender nerves, umbels axillary solitary and fascicled 4-fld., bracts 4 gla- Tous, sepals 6, stamens 9 very villous below. Tetranthera rangoonensis, var. assamica, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 188. Assam plains, Jenkins, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4309). Branches rather slender, tee ‘pale, tips petioles and nerves beneath of very young leaves puberulous. Leaves 1-2 in. broad, very symmetrical in all the speci- mens, but varying greatly in size, narrowed into the very short (3-1 in.) petiole, hardly shining above. Umbels few and scattered (probably the specimens are not in good flower), 4 in, diam.; pedicel about as long; bracts very concave ; flowers very small, shortly pedicelled, jJ, in. diam., villous at the base without and within, as are their pedicels, Sepals oblong. Stamens exserted, filaments villous, 3 2-glandular ; anthers oblong. Fruit unknown. 17. A. venulosa, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 187 (Tetranthera) ; quite glabrous, branches very slender, leaves 3-4 in. alternate penninerved very membranous oblong-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate g neous neath, nerves 6-12 pair very slender, umbe 3-5-fid. male solitary, iem. Wan i lender. Myristica glaucescens, Wall. Cat” eh p eduncle and pedicels very sien VOL, V, , M rt 162 CXXVII LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) Piitsced. Sovran Deccan, Heyne, Wight. Tinnevelly Hills, alt. 83-4000 ft., Beddome. | An evergreen straggling bush; bark brownish. Leaves greenish when dry, quite smooth above, loosely reticulate beneath, base acute ; petiole }—3 in., slender. Umbels 4 in. diam. ; pedicel i-i in.; common peduncle in fem. à in. or less; flowers quite glabrous. Sepals 5 or 6, oblong, unequal, very transparent and gland-dotted. Stamens in the male 10, filaments glabrous, 6 2-glandular ; anthers nearly square, gland-dotted ; outer stamens of fem. with small subspathulate heads, inner short with large glands. Ovary ovoid, tapering into the slender style; stigma large, discoid. Fruit unknown. —Very closely allied to Tetr. gemelliflora, Miquel, of Java, which has a remarkable oblong fruit nearly 2 in. long seated on the unaltered perianth-tube ; it is possibly a variety of it. . 18. E. firma, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 381 (Tetranthera) ; branches glabrous, leaves 3-7 in. alternate penninerved red-brown when dry rigidly coriaceous oblong or obovate smooth above beneath minutely pubescent with 10-12 pairs of very strong arching nerves and slender parallel cross-nervules, male umbels 5-fld., pedicels sometimes on a very short peduncle, perianth densely villous, sepals narrow unequal. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 190; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 950. Matacoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1271).—Dz1sTRIs. Borneo, Celebes. . An evergreen tree or bush ; branches woody, bark wrinkled when dry and quite glabrous. Leaves 3-7 in., véry hard when dry, pale or dark red-brown, not reticulate above, often redder beneath; base acute or narrowed into the smooth glabrous petiole i-iin.long. Male umbels very numerous, axillary and at the old leaf-scars, jin. diam., pedicels 4-} in. ; bracts4, pubescent. Stamens 9-16, 3-6 2-glandular. Ovary filiform or 0. Fruit not seen. *** Leaves alternate, pubescent or tomentose beneath. 19. L. grandis, Wall. Cat. 2552 (Tetranthera) ; branches very stout, and leaves beneath densely brown-tomentose, leaves 8-16 in. alternate pen- ninerved very thickly coriaceous and hard brown when dry oblong Or obovate-oblong obtuse smooth above beneath with 12-16 pairs of very strong spreading nerves and strong parallel cross-nervules, petiole very stout, male umbels large 5-7-fld. in sessile fascicles: or corymbose on a very stout duncle, sepals long narrow subequal silky. Tetranthera grandis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv, 1. 188; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 299. Polyadenia grandis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 62, and Syst. Laurin, 574. "PxeGU and TENassERIM, Kurz. PENANG, Porter. MALACCA and SINGAPORE, Maingay. d A tree, 20-40 ft., with warted bark (Kurz). Leaves large, hard, 3-7 in. broad, nerves impressed above, tip often rounded; base obtuse or rounded; petiole very stout, 1-2 in. Male umbels numerous, rather silkily tomentose, 3-1 in. diam., in bu as large as a pea; pedicels 4 in.; bracts 5, coriaceous. Sepals linear-elongate- Stamens 12-14, anthers short, 3-4-glandular. Fruit unknown.—I do not know Meissner’s 8. javanica (T. multiflora, Zoll., nor have I found amongst Wallich $ plants specimens of L. grandis from Birma (as cited by Meissner) A Bornean plan of Beccari (Sarawak n. 2537) closely resembles this; it is in bud only. 20. L. polyantha, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. 211; branches and pot beneath pubescent or tomentose, leaves 3-16 in. alternate penninerved ¢ . taceous broadly or narrowly oblong ovate or obovate tip obtuse rounded or apiculate glabrous above strongly reticulate beneath base acute rounde à cordate, nerves 5-10 pair, umbels 5-6-fld. clustered and subcorymbose Tihe short peduncle, bracts 4-5, fruit globosely ellipsoid on a very small ponp a base. L. monopetala, Pers. Synops. ii. 4. Tetranthera monope Ro ii. Cor. Pl. ii, 26, t. 148, and FÌ. Ind. iii. 821; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar V Litscea. | CXXVIII. LAURINEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 163 .. 66,.and Syst. Laurin. 525; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 378; Meissn. in DC. Prodr, xv. 1. 189; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. i948; Brand. For. Fl. 380, t. 45; Kurz For. FI. ii. 299; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 910. T. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. . 9949. T. alnoides, Miguel Pl. Jungh. 180, and Fl. Ind. Bat. l. c. 948. T. fruticosa & verticillata, Herb. Ham. ? T. semecarpifolia, Wall. Cat. 6345 A. T. hexantha, Sieb. F7. Maurit. 92. Tomex pubescens, Herb. Willd. From PANJAB and the SALT RAnGe along the foot of the HIMALAYA ascending to 3000 ft., eastwards to Assam and southwards to the SarpurA RanGE (Brandis). Co ROMANDEL (Roxburgh), TENASSERIM and PENANG. (Not in Ceylon.)—Di1sTRIB. Jaya, China (introd. in Mauritius). n evergreen bush or small tree, 20-40 ft.; branches rather stout. Leaves ex- tremely variable, the largest (Ava, Wallich) 16 by 9 in., usually rusty-brown when Ty, rarely green, glossy above ; nerves strong beneath; petiole j-lin. Umbels (un- Opened 2 in. diam.) densely tomentose, stoutly pedicelled. Perianth 5-6-partite. Stamens 9-13, filaments hairy. Ovary in d 0, or with a slender style and small stigma, Fruit i-i in.—Brandis gives South India and Ceylon as habitats, but I ve seen no Peninsular specimens, and the only authority for Ceylon is an unnamed scrap of Thwaites (C. P. 326), for which he gives no locality, and was probably not „own collecting. Wallich’s semecarpifolia (Cat. 6346 A) is, I think, this, but the Specimen is a very bad one. 21. X. amara, Blume Bijd. 563; branches and leaves beneath rusty- tomentose rarely glabrate, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerved shortly Ppatioled coriaceous brown elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acute smooth above neath reticulate with 8-15 pair of very strong nerves, umbels tomentose nales clustered or very shortly racemose, females clustered subsessile, Perianth densely villous, sepals small narrow very unequal, fruit ovoid or elptic on the very smallcalyx-tube. Tetranthera amara, Nees Syst. Laurin. 3915 Kurz For. FL ii. 299 ; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 379; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. x 949 ; eissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.190. T. fruticosa, Nees l. c. 543. T. fapitulata, Miguel p], Jungh. i. 182, and Fl. Ind. Bat. l. c. M Matay PENINSULA ; from Pegu southwards to Penane and MALACOA, Griffith, “ngay (Kew Distrib, 1276).—DistTR1B. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes. wh evergreen shrub or small tree, very variable in pubescence. Leaves rather hard en dry, usually shining above with fine impressed nerves, base acute or obtuse ; ta ~tin. Inflorescence very variable; umbels 1-3 in. diam., pubescent or hir- rule males sometimes merely clustered in the axils, at others corymbore n race- tell 9n a short stout peduncle; pedicels very variable ,4—} in., stout or s en er, n 0 Ms or tomentose, as are the bracts. Sepals small, narrow, very unequal, i mos% tha: ured by the long villous hairs. Stamens 8-10, filaments villous, at Jength l oath a a the Sepals, 3 inner 2.glandular; anthers short. Ovary in male 0, in female T d ender Style and small discoid sub-2-lobed stigma, Fruit 4 in. long, very shortly ~- tly Pedicelled 3 perianth-base disciform, truncate or obscurely 6-lobed or -toothed. VY variable plant, of which there are many forms in the Archipelago. i " "tomen tJ 49c0-fomentosa, Meissn. 1. c. ; branches and leaves beneath villousy ius 5 1251/5 (Vars. puberula & pubescens, Herb. Maingay (Kew Distrib. an D) and var. velutina, Herb. Grif., Kew Distrib. 4293.) cn "e ar. angusta, Meissn. 1. c. ; branches and leaves beneath very finely Loro n iu a glabrous, umbels on slender fascicled pedicels 4-4 in. long. Tetran pn —Pezu tA! Cat. 6344; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 30, and Syst. Tinib. 4205). Tavoy, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4294 and 4304), Griffith (Kew Distrib. . 22. T, ran losen. i 1. 187 (excl. var. B.) (Tetranty, g£oonensis, M: . in DC. Prodr. xv. v ether) ; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence finely rusty-tomen- 2 caves oblon in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous green when dry 2Dg-lànceolate acuminate smooth above base rounded beneath finely ted with 10-14 pair of strong nerves, male umbels small axillary Clustered 4-5-fd., perianth densely villous, sepals small very vinoqnal. 164 CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litscea. Peau ; at Rangoon, M‘Clelland. TENASSERIM, Beddome. Very closely allied to L. amara, differing in the green very acuminate leaves ; the perianth is quite the same, as are the 8 stamens, 3 of which are 2-glandular. The female, however, seems distinct in resembling the male, in being pedicelled, and having a large discoid stigma. Fruit unknown.—Meissner’s B. assamica is a totally distinct plant (L. assamica, nob.), with slender nerves and leaves puberulous beneath. 23. L. Kurzii, King in Herb. Caleutt.; branches stout leaves beneath and inflorescence shortly brown-tomentose, leaves 6-10 in. alternate penni- nerved pale coriaceous oblong or oblanceolate-oblong acute or acuminate smooth and minutely reticulate above beneath with 12-18 pair of very strong rather spreading nerves and strong parallel cross-nervules, male umbels axillary in clusters 5-fid., perianth densely villous, sepals large unequal. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz, &c. An evergreen tree? Leaves glabrous above except the midrib, with the nerves impressed, base acute or rounded ; petiole 1-1 in., stout. Umbels 4 in. diam. ; bracts rather thin, sparsely tomentose ; flowers densely villous without and within. Pe- rianth-lobes much larger than in Z. amara, and less unequal. Stamens 6-10, 3 2-glan- dular. Fruit unknown. Sect. IV. Cylicodaphne, Nees (gen.). Leaves persistent, alternate (rarely opposite in L. Wightiana), penninerved. Perianth-segments usually 6, tube much enlarged disciform or cupular in fruit.—See also L. Blumet. (The fruit is known in most of the species; but not in most of the previous section, species of which may hence prove to be referable to this.) * Umbels solitary or fascicled, rarely corymbose; if racemose, the peduncle or rachis is very short. (Some species of the racemose section have the raceme occasionally reduced to an umbel, as L. Stocksii, Wightiana and others.) + Leaves more or less pubescent or tomentose beneath. 24. L. khasyana, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 185 (Tetranthera) ; branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence finely pubescent, leaves 6-12 in. alternate penninerved oblong or ob long-lanceolate pale above white or glaucous beneath with 10-15 pairs of very strong nerves and slender cross- nervules, umbels 6—-8-fld . fascicled or subracemose on a very stout peduncle, fruit oblate much broader than the turbinate fleshy perianth-tube. Tetran- thera glauca, var. P Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. Kasia Mrs.; on Ladder Hill, near Churra, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. A tree; branches long, rather stout. Leaves 2-4 in. broad, above greenish and quite smooth with impressed nerves, beneath white or rather rusty, at length glabrous, base acute; petiole about 3-1 in., at first tomentose. Umbels shortly stoutly pe dicelled, flowering $ in. diam. ; bracts 4; peduncle 4-} in. Sepals silky without, glabrous within. Stamens (young) 7-9, glabrous. Ovary O in male, or very minute. Fruit 1 in. diam., greatly depressed, broadest above the middle, 3 in, diam., } in. long with the pedicel. Var. Hookeri; umbels larger, pedicel stouter, swollen perianth-tube as broad as the fruit which is larger. L. khasyana, Herb. Calcutt. Tetranthera Wightiana ? Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Cylicodaphne? Hookeri, Meissn. l. c. 209, excl. var. 8-— Sikkim, alt. 6000 ft., King, Kurz. Assam, Mishmi Hills, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4286, 4287). Khasia Mts., at Churra and Amwee, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. 25. L. martabanica, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 301; branchlets and leaves beneath densely tomentose, leaves 4-8 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous Litsca.] CXXVIII., LAURINEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) . 165 long-petioled pale elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate, nerves 5-7 pair ng beneath with cross-nervules and conspicuous reticulations, male umbels 4—5 fid. solitary stoutly pedicelled, bracts 5-6, perianth-tube tomen- tose, fruit oblong seated on the thickened cupular or truncate very shortly ieee operanth-tabe. T. calophylla, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. » 1. . TENASSERIM and MARTABAN ; in the drier hill forests, alt. 4-6000 ft., Kurz. A tree, 25-35 ft.; branches rather stout, pale. Leaves in the male plant 3}-- 4] in., almost ovate, in the fem. 8 in. and elliptic-lanceolate and caudate-acuminate, above yellow green when dry with impressed nerves, beneath grey or pale rusty-brown ' and shortly tomentose ; petiole 1-1 in. Male umbel apparently always solitary, female shortly racemose (umbels sometimes in short corymbose peduncled racemes, urz); bracts broad, concave, coriaceous; flowers sessile. Sepals membranous, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 9, glabrous, 3 inner 2-glandular. Fruit j in. long, perianth- bit broad, and with the pedicel about as long.— The foliage resembles Lindere ana. * 26. X. semecarpifolia, Wall. Cat. 6345 B (Tetranthera P) ; branchlets Petioles leaves beneath and umbels tomentose or pubescent, leaves 6-7 in. alternate penninerved rigidly coriaceous obovate or obovate- or elliptic- oblong obtuse or subaeute, beneath pale brown with 6-10 pairs of strong nerves and transverse nervules, umbels 6-fld. clustered subracemosely on à short stout peduncle, flowers large 1 in. diam., fruit depressed globose Seated on the large entire puberulous turbinately cup-sha ed shortly thickly celled perianth-tube. "Tetranthera semecarpifolia, Wall.; Nees Syst. "rin. 559; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 303 ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 198. mest BENGAL, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4284). Burma, Wallich, Griffith. MaR- ABAN, Kurz.—Distrip, Munnipore. m broad ad tree, 25-80 ft. (Kurz); branchlets tawny-pubescent. Leaves 23-5 in. hl U; e green or brown smooth with impressed nerves, beneath grey brown or purplish. mbels tomentose, about 3 in. broad in flower; bracts 4 (perhaps more); male flowers sout 6, sessile, 1 in. diam, when open. Sepals free to the base, linear-oblong, pubescent oe and within, very unequal. Stamens about 8, very unequal, pubescent. Orary . A male) 0, or with a stout style and decurved discoid stigma. Fem. ft. soa , 14 a thick funnel.shaped calyx-tube and very small lobes. Fruit ł in. diam., Pepanth-tube as broad, very thick, quite entire, with the very stout pedicel 3 in. long. nder L, polyantha it is stated that Wallich’s 6345 A is probably that plant. 1 27. Ys. elongata, Wall. Cat. 2546 (Tetranthera); branchlets and ®aves beneath rusty-tomentose, leaves alternate penninerved oblong or “iptic-lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, nerves 5-20 pair strong bene Strong cross-nervules and conspicuous reticulations, umbels Hu te, m? Y solitary peduncled, bracts coriaceous very unequal strongly ci m 1 it oblong seated on the thickened expanded usually lobed pedicellec Perianth-tube, Daphnidium ? elongatum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. iind Syst. Laurin. 620; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 281. Tetranthera ensis, Meissn. l. c. 181, in part. PLI M » EMPERATE an ya; Garwhal, King; Nepal "atc; cal 68000 LJ. Da ee MALA Griffith. Kwasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., 3 &c À bush or small tr stout. Leaves exceedingly variable, rarely inte wj oblanceolate irre "| and caudate-acuminate, average 4-5 by i broadest 8 by 3 in. with rounded or subacute tips, base acute, rarely obtuse or in flo j petiole stout, 3-2 in. Umbels very rarely clustered ; males i3 in. diam, Mm fem. smaller ; pedicel 1-1 in., stout or slender; flowers silkily, M » . » IDembranous, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 8-12, filaments villeus with long 166 CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Litsea. hairs, sometimes } in. long and very slender; anthers oblong. Ovary in male fl. minute; in fem. glabrous with a ‘stout style and discoid stigma. Fruit } in. long ;. perianth-base about j in diam. with the thickened pedicel 4-3 in. long.— The leaves are so variable in shape and size, that I have difficulty in sorting the specimens into varieties thereby. Asmall-leaved state from Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim alt. 8000 ft., has rounded bases to the leaf. The only Garwhal specimen I have seen has sessile clustered umbels. In the Genera Plantarum this species is inadvertently (under Lindera, Sect. 3, v. iii. p. 163) referred to the section Eulitsea, but the perianth is very well developed, and its tube much enlarged; it is therefore a good Cylico- daphne. It is very easily confounded with Zindera assamica and states of L. bifaria. 28. L. nuculanea, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 102, and For. Fl. ii. 301; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath softly tomentose or . Sublanate, leaves 5-6 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous obovate or obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate acute, base acute beneath glaucous reti- culated and with 6-8 pair of rather slender nerves, umbels subsessile, fruit oblong mucronate pale yellow longer than the large subhemispheric truncate nearly smooth shortly peduncled cup. Cylicodaphne Hookeri, var. siam- ensis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 209. TENASSERIM, Kurz; on Molyet, alt, 6000 ft., Gallatly (in Herb. Calcutt.).— DISTRIB. Siam. A shrub; branchlets slender. Leaves 2-3} in. diam., very softly tomentose beneath, above green and smooth with impressed nerves; petiole 1-3 in. Flowers unknown. Fruit about 2 in. long, cupular perianth-tube % in. diam., warted.—The fruit of this a good deal resembles in its colour and mucronate top that of the plant named T. læta in Herb. Calcutt. (not the true læta), which has lobed cups and longer petioles, 29. L. coriacea, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2556 (Tetranthera) ; branchlets leaves beneath and umbels finely pubescent, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penni- nerved coriaceous elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or acuminate at both ends greenish above beneath at length glabrous brown and reticulated, nerves 6-10 pair, umbels 4-fld. small crowded subsessile, fruit small oblong seated on the enlarged cupular shortly pedicelled truncate perianth-tube. Tetran- thera coriacea, Heyne; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1. 186. T. micrantha, Meissn. l. c. 183. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne; Courtallam, Wight (Kew Distrib. 2532). Branches rather slender, bark pale. Leaves very variable in breadth, 1-23 im. red-brown beneath, transverse nervules obscure; petiole very short, 4-4 in. Umbels 4 in. diam., when flowering, appressed to the branch in a small globose head ; pedicel elongating a little in fruit; bracts 4, silky. Male fl. funnel-shaped, silky below. Sepals small, glabrous. Stamens 12, apparently glabrous; glands of those opposite the sepals very large. Ovary, if present, slender, with an erect small stigma. Fruit (unripe) iin. long, obtuse, perianth-tube j in. broad, with the thickened pedicel sometimes } in. long. |... 80, b. Hookeriana, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 188 (Tetranthera) ; branchlets very stout and leaves beneath densely softly brown-tomentose, leaves 4—6 in. alternate penninerved thickly coriaceous elliptic or obovate obtuse beneath not reticulate, nerves 6-8 pair, petiole very stout, male © umbels 8-12-fld. subsilky or nearly glabrous, pedicel slender. L. nemoralis | in part, Trimen, Syst. Cat. Ceyl. Pi 76. CEYLON, Gardner. Branches with pale bark, and large scars of fallen leaves (mossed in the specimens). Leaves remarkably coriaceous, 2-23 in. diam., smooth and pale brown above wi faintly impressed nerves and a puberulous costa which is very stout beneath, not * entire Perianth-tube,—T Litsea.] CXXVIII. LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 167 reticulated beneath under the pubescence; petiole 4 in. Umbels axillary and at the leaf-scars, in bud à in. diam., obscurely pubescent ; pedicel 4-4 in., slender; bracts Concave; flowers (very young) funnel-shaped, silky below without and within. Sepais oblong, glabrous, small. Stamens 6, apparently glabrous. Fruit and fem. fl. unknown,—A well-marked plant (totally distinct from 7. nemoralis), of which only Wo specimens are known, both in young flower ; so the above character will probably Tequire modification. Its nearest ally is L. longifolia. 9l. In longifolia, Nees Syst. Laurin. 528 (Tetranthera); branchlets ves beneath and umbels rusty-tomentose, leaves 6-12 in. alternate penni- herved coriaceous elliptic elliptic-lanceolate or obovate obtuse acute or acuminate, beneath strongly reticulate, nerves 6-10 pair, umbels densely clustered shortly peduncled about 10-fld., fruit small globose seated on the expanded. concave thickened perianth-tube. L. cauliffora, Moon Cat. Tetranthera longifolia, Nees ex Meissm. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 188 (exel. var. B.); Thwaites Enum. 255 (excl. var. y). . CEYLON; common in the Central Province, alt, 4—7000 ft. . Zn A small sparingly branched tree (Thwaites). Leaves very variable in size, the largest 7 in. broad, brownish green when dry and often harshly pubescent above, reticulations beneath broad, base acute or rounded; petiole 4-3 in., stout. Umbels in ewer 4 in. diam. ; bracts 4, subequal; flowers rusty-tomentose, villous below. pals unequal, sometimes antheriferous. Stamens 12, filaments slender hairy, inner anthers short sometimes 2-celled. Fruit about 4 in. diam., much broader than the he name longifolia is not appropriate. Meissner’s var. B. 4, from Moulmein, is unknown to me. Thwaites’ var. y.is L. glaberrima (T. nervosa chartacea, Meissner.) 32. Lh. nemoralis, Z/waites Enum. 255; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath densely rusty-villous or tomentose, leaves 1-2 ft. alternate Penuinerved linear. or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, nerves 12-15 pair strong lan, Pending beneath, umbels small clustered glabrous or very sparsely TI ETION ; abont 21 miles from Galle, alt. 1000 ft., under large forest trees, Gardner, es, A bush, 10-12 ft. ; stem erect or sparingly branched; branches robust. Leaves Imo Proad, not thickly coriaceous, green ‘above when dry with tomentose midrib, petiole Y eolly, loosely reticulate and pale beneath between redder villous nerves; ion i 2-2 in. very stout. Flowers and fruit not seen.—Most of the above descrip- ut at from Thwaites, who says in a note that he has never found flowers or fruits, üy a the former were found by Gardner. It is a noble species, and quite unlike Other, Tt Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so. (See also L. Stocksii.) à. Species of the Himalaya, Assam, Khasia and Sithet. 88. L. salicifolia, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 2536 (Tetranthera) ; glabrous oh branches and leaves beneath hoary, leaves 3-12 in. alternate pe mpinekved te artaceous broadly or narrowly elliptic or oblong acute or acuminat hue Y glaucous beneath, nerves 8-15 pair, umbels clustered glabrous rare y baay 46-fid., pedicels short, stamens villous, fruit ellipsoid, perianth-tub ly enlarged or small and cup-shaped. T. salicifolia, Roxb. ; Nees it Cat Sb. As. Rar. ii. 66 and 30, and Syst. Laurin, 534. T. glauca, Wall. i e 2593; Meissn, in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 185 (excl. var. 8.) ; Nees lI. A 66 (mt 9l; Kurz For. Fl, ii. 300. T. laurifolia, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. a ii, gg Ti Dd). T. attenuata, Wall, Cat. 2534; Nees in Wall. 1. c. ii Gand >and Syst, Laurin, 533. T. laricewfolia, Rowb. FL Ind. iii, 822; Kurz 168 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litsea. For. Fl. ii. 300 (lancifolia). T. salicifolia & saligna, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. NORTHERN and Eastern INDIA; from Oude and Nepal to Sikkim (ascending to 6000 ft.). Assam, Bengal, Chittagong and Pegu. An evergreen bush or small tree; branches never very stout, bark dark or black. Leaves very variable, pale brown or darker above when dry, smooth and usually obscurely reticulated above, nerves beneath strong with faint nervules ; petiole 4-1 in. Umbels 3-4 in. diam., nerves corymbose, glabrous or hoary. Stamens 6-9, usually very short, with villous filaments, Fruit 4 in. long, purple-black ; perianth-tube variable in size, but always small and narrower than the base of the ripe fruit, and rarely cupular as in Z. oblonga, from which it is hardly distinguishable.—I have vainly endeavoured to arrange the many forms of this protean plant. under the varieties proposed by Meissner, the characters of which are chiefly taken from the reticulation and hoariness of the foliage. Of Nees’ var. y. levigata, which is Meissner’s var. 5., from Courtallam, Wight, I know nothing. The following marked forms are united by intermediates. uu Var. 1. ellipsoidea, Meissn.; branches hoary, leaves large 4-12 in. broadly elliptic or oblong passing into lanceolate glaucous beneath, petiole often 1 in., umbels sub- sessile in dense subglobose heads.—Sikkim, Assam, Khasia, Silhet.—The type of Wallich’s glauca. : Var. 2. elongata, Meissn.; branches hoary or glabrous, leaves narrower, petiole often long, umbels on stout pedicels more loosely clustered.—Assam, Khasia and Silhet.—I suppose this to be Meissner’s var. as named ; his locality of Penins, Ind. Hb. Wight, founded on an Assam specimen in Herb. Wight. Var. 3. atfenuata, Meissn.; branches quite glabrous, leaves subdistichous about 6 by 1j in. linear-oblong acute shining above brown beneath, petiole short, umbels in globose clusters.—Assam, Silhet, &c.— This is Wallich's 7: attenuata (Cat. 2534 A.). . Var. 4. laurifolia; branches hoary, leaves subdistichous 3-5 by $-1 in. linear- oblong obtuse or acute brown and glabrous or grey and hoary beneath, petiole short, umbels loosely clustered, pedicels short slender.—Common in Assam, Khasia, Silhet and Bengal, from the Sunderbunds to Chittagong.—This is T. laurifolia, Herb. Ham., and Wallich's Z. salicifolia, Herb. Roxb. (Cat. 2536), and T. angustifolia of Gamble (Man. Ind. Timb. 311). It is very similar to L. angustifolia, Wall., but has fewer nerves and broader leaves. . Var. 5. polyneura; leaves 5-10 in. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate polished above, nerves 12-16 pair.—Sikkim and Khasia, alt. 3—4000 ft. . Var.? 6. reticulata ; leaves 5-9 in. elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, upper surface reticulated with pale nervules under brown, stigma in male fl. very large discoid.—A small tree from the Myrung woods, Khasia. 7. salicifolia in part, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T.—This is probably a different species, but in the absence of fruit I hesitate to name it as such. 34. L. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 2542 (Tetranthera) ; glabrous or nearly n leaves 4—7 in. alternate penninerved elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate subacute pale brown and subglaucous beneath with 8-10 pair of slender nerves anc no cross-nervules, umbels in shortly peduncled corymbs or shortly racemose 3-6-fld., bracts and pedicels glabrous or hoary, fruit oblong base immerse in the small cupular perianth-tube. Cylicodaphne oblonga, Meissn. 1n KU» Prodr. xv.1.205, excl. var, Tetranthera oblonga, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Far. ii. 67, and Syst. Laurin. 551. ?' T. Doshia, Don Prodr. 65. Tome Doshia, Ham. mss. NEPAL, Wallich. Assam and Khasia Mts. Jenkins, Griffith (Kew Distrib. A shrub or small tree, so similar to Z. salicifolia, that I suspect it to be only : more glabrous state of that plant with more corymbose inflorescence, rather hae is umbels, and a longer narrower fruit, 3 of an in. long.—Meissner’s var. Stoc. 4L. L. Stocksii, nob., and his var. Griffithii is L. myristicefolia, Wall. This an : leaves 5-1 4 Litsæa.] CXXVIII. LAURINEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) 169 salicifolia are referable eith I the development oforabl Citne to sect, Conodaphne or Cylicodaphne, according to - f albescens ; leaves shorter and broad i , of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 4-6000 ft., T D. H, poo one Ut minges 35. Es. L. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 2537 (Tetranthera) ; nearly or quite ‘glab . . En rous, leaves 3-8 in. shortly petioled alternate penninerved narrowly ear-lanceolate acute or a i i chi € \ cuminate, nerves 15-30 pair, umbels simple ange aTy solitary or clustered glabrous, pedicels slender. Tetranthera pm Way ; all.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 183, in part. T. saligna, all, Pl. As, Rar. ii, 67, and Syst. Laurin, 539. Sm ; : Branch; De Siloa, Chittagong, Clarke, Lister —DıstRIB. Munnipore. above, gre brc en ti young hoary. Leaves 4-3 in. diam., dark brown when dry male d Sn A i own beneath, smooth, nerves slender; petiole 4-3 in. Umbels styall, 6-9, ülaments s about 6 fld.; flowers nearly glabrous. Sepals oblong. Stamens seen, — Wallis Sel hairy, hardly longer than the sepals. Fem. fl. and fruit not Meissner, mic] i specimens have very slender branches and leaves only 8-4 in. another "plant f y wrongly named specimens, has described the young fruit of many nérvos and d that of this. The usualy much longer narrow leaves with t is perh slender pedicels of the umbels distinguish this from Z. salicifolia. aps nearer to L. oblonga. 36, flowers 15, Medssneri, Hook. f.; quite glabrous except the bracts and ceolate n 3-5 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous narrowly elliptic- surfaces sub nsely subcaudate-acuminate pale finely reticulated on both ‘umbels 4-4 glaucous beneath, nerves 10-15 pair slender and raised above, eons vat: Solitary shortly pedicelled, bracts 4 silky long ciliate coria- giana y maa outer smaller, perianth 4-lobed, stamens 9. Litsæa ? . H. f£ n p. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 997. Dodecadenia ? Herb. Ind. Kn erp Mrs, ; near Churra and the Boga panee, alt. 4-5000 ft, J. D. H. Bra Smooth and erate r slender. Leaves }-1} in. broad, very pale yellowish brown, y transver ost shining above when dry, base acute, nervules raised beneath, but police 8 or subse. petiole j-3 in., slender. Umbels (male) 3 in. diam., on stiff stout rown hairs. qeessile ; bracts very concave, whitish when dry, fringed with long ort, filaments her sessile, silky. Sepals membranous, broadly oblong. Stamens à 2.lobed s hairy; anthers small, very short. Ovary imperfect, style hairy, Litsea, but tr This is quite unlike any other species of either Actinodaphne or unequal long Jini some respects nearest Z. elongata in the solitary umbels with. near Churra à iate bracts. I found specimens of a similar shrub at the coal-pits Young umbels n which the nerves are more numerous and spreading, and the very seem to be crowded on a very short peduncle. 37. L. læta, Wall. Cat. 2541 (Tetranthera) ; glabrous or nearly so, Dear-oblong ; alternate penninerved coriaceous pale when dry elliptic- or aces nes. or -lanceolate acute glaucous beneath finely reticulate on both long-nedic "a 5-8 pair, umbels 3-8-fld. large in sessile clusters usually bose Seated ed glabrous or hoary, bracts 4-5, stamens 9-12, fruit large glo- Nees in W; I a large pedicelled turbinate perianth-tube. Tetranthera læta, in DO, P wed Pl. As, Rar. ii. 67, and Syst. Laurin. 548 and 677; Meissn. roar. xv. 1. 186 (excl. var. y. P glauca). Tro Sra, SD STERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim and Bhotan. A small t; t. 2-4000 ft., common. Pubescent, P» branches rather slender; shoo White or y, aves very variable in breadth, pale green or yel ery pale reddish beneath, base acute ; petiole 3-3 Assam, KnHasrA Mrs. tsand young leaves beneath very finely low above when dry, and in., stout in the larger 170 CXXVIII. LAURINEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) [Litsca. leaves. Umbels 3-10 in a cluster, in bud 1-1 in. diam., usually finely hoary, some- times tomentose or glabrous; pedicel j-1 in., stout; flowers subsessile, about 2 in. diam. Sepals oblong, subequal, nearly glabrous. Stamens very unequal and irre- gular as to glands, at length far exserted, filaments hairy. Ovary with a large dis- coid stigma. Fruit 1 in. diam. ; perianth-tube fleshy, as is its large turbinate pedicel. —Meissner’s B. major is only a large-leaved specimen; his y. glauca, from Ceylon, is L. glaberrima, Thwaites. A plant called T. læta in Herb. Calcutt. from the Ryang River in Sikkim, alt. 2000 ft., differs remarkably in the fruit, which is 2 in. long, oblong, mucronatejand nearly white ; its fruiting perianth-tube is subcampanulate, $ in. diam., with a sinuately lobed mouth. 38. L. Thomsonii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 183 (Tetranthera) ; quite glabrous, leaves 5-7 in. alternate penninerved firmly coriaceous linear- oblong or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate pale brown above paler beneath with 6-10 slender nerves very obscurely reticulated, umbels in short subracemose corymbs, peduncles and pedicels short stout, young fruit globose. Tetran- thera læta, Wall. ? Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. T. SILHET; near the station, J. D. H. & T. T. A large tree; branches stout. Leaves 2-3 in. broad, base acute, hardly shining ` above, not glaucous beneath ; petiole 4-1 in. long, stout. Corymbs axillary and in the leafless axils, rounded, about 1 in. diam.; pedicels spreading ; pedicels of very young fruit clavate with the truncate perianth-tube of immature fruit 3 in. diam., and globose ; young fruit about } in.—Apparently a very distinct plant, but having neither ower nor ripe fruit, it is not in a state for satisfactory description. 39. L. chartacea, Wall. Cat. 2531 (Tetranthera); quite glabrous, except the inflorescence, branches slender, leaves 3-5 by 14-14 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate pale subglaucous and reticulated beneath, nerves 6-8 pair slender, petiole very slender, female umbels small fascicled peduncled 6-8-fld., flowers stoutly pedicelled, fruit ellipsoid on a broad cupular perianth-tube. Tetranthera chartacea, Wall.; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 186 (the Nepal plant only); Nees in Wall. PI. As, Rar. ii. 67 and iii. 30, and Syst. Laurin. 546. NEPAL, Wallich. SikKkiM; at Rishap, alt. 5500 ft., King. A moderate-sized tree (King). Leaves finely reticulate between the nerves be- neath, base acute ; petiole j in., more slender than in its allies. Umbels À in. diam. when expanded, pedicels about as long, both finely fulvous-pubescent; bracts 4, rounded ; flowers 4, in. diam., coriaceous, funnel-shaped. Sepals small, very variable in shape and length. Ovary ovoid; style stout, stigma simple. Fruit 3 in. long, obtuse, bla when dry; cupular perianth-tube. 4 in. diam., rather suddenly narrowed into the thickened clavate peduncle, together }-3 in. long.—Wallich’s specimens from Ne are males, King’s from Sikkim are in fruit, but they appear conspecific ; together they form very insufficient material. The small umbels and pale leaves with very slender petioles are the most prominent characters. The Sikkim plant referred to this by Meissner is Dodecadenia paniculata, with a very different flower and fruit. Of his Java plant (Zollinger 2853 b) I know nothing. His var. B. ? nervosa (Wall. Birm. Herb. 1463, from Amherst) is L. Wallichii, nob. b. Species of Pegu, the Eastern Peninsula, Penang and the Andamans. 40. L. leiantha, Kurz For. Fi. ii. 300 (Tetranthera) ; quite glabrous, branches and leaves blackish when dry, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerv coriaceous elliptic obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute smo0 above faintly reticulate beneath with 6-9 pairs of moderately stout perra umbels fascicled long-pedicelled glabrous 5-fid., bracts glabrous, periant nearly glabrous. ANDAMAN Istanps; Mount Harriet, in forests, Kurz. Litsæa.] CXXVII. LAURINES®. (J. D. Hooker.) *171 Branches stout, smooth, young buds quite glabrous, Leaves 3-33 in. broad; base acute or obtuse, rather unequal; petiole 1-2 in., stout, black. ^ Umbels in bud as large as a small pea, pedicels in., not very stout; bracts hardly coriaceous, 2 outer opposite, very concave, inner membranous ; flowers sessile, sparsely hairy below. epals scarious, unequal, linear-oblong. Filaments hairy. Ovary of male minute, with a large stigma. Fruit unknown.—I have seen but one specimen, in bud, com- municated by Dr. King ; it much resembles (and is probably) Tetr. elliptica, Nees, of ve T. nigricans of Borneo, which latter has smaller cymose or subracemose umbels, Al. L. petiolata, Hook.f. ; branches and leaves glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. alternate long-petioled penninerved coriaceous pale brown when dry elliptic or oblong obtuse or subacute smooth above beneath minutely reticulate with „pairs of slender nerves, umbels below the leaves clustered very shortly Pedicelled 5-fld., bracts 5 outer glabrous, sepals 6 with long lax hairs, - Stamens 9-10, filaments long slender villous. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1265). > Branches grey brown when dry, tips and young leaves glabrous. Leaves much like Z. leiantha, but the petioles rather shorter and more slender, shining above, hardly glaucous beneath. Umbels 3 in. diam.; outer bracts hardly coriaceous, inner membranous slightly pubescent, innermost small; flowers on villous pedicels laxly clothed with long rufous flexuous hairs. Sepals linear-oblong, membranous. Fila- ments far exserted, 2 or more 2-glandular. Ovary (in male) rudimentary, filiform, with a very large discoid stigma. Fruitand fem, fl. unknown.—The long petioles are characteristic, 42. L. castanea, Hook.f; branchlets hoary, leaves 3-6 in. alternate Penninerved hard coriaceous and dark brown when dry glabrous oblong or Obtuse, nerves 12-16 pair impressed above very strong beneath, umbels Solitary clustered or corymbosa on a very short peduncle 5-4-fld., pedicels stout, bracts 4. very coriaceous white-tomentose, stamens 10-15 villous. 43. È. albic ; : 1873, ii. 102, and For. Tou. ans, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. ; 11. 1U2, js il 908 (Tetranthera) ; glabrous except the shoots and inflorescence, “aves 6-10 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous lanceolate or oblong- ves 6-10 pairs slender, umbels clustered on a short peduncle, fruit in a large fleshy waved perianth-tube narrowed into a thick pedicel. Prev; in tropical f K al forests on the Eastern slopés, Kurz. . reti tree, 20-25. ft. ; branches rather slender. Leaves 2-23 in. broad, obscurely ‘culate above, base very acute; petiole 4-4 in. long. Umbels small.— . . . * f i! leaves and very young umbels, The description is almost wholly from us or nearly so, leaves 5-8 in. vie dry elliptic-oblong obtuse or 5-8 pair, umbels in sessile dias i. penangiana, Hook. f. ; gl abite E^ penninerved coriaceous pale w finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves 172. CXXVIII, LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litseea. clusters hoary-pubescent 6-fld., bracts 4, fruit j in. ellipsoid seated on the subsessile hemispheric perianth-tube. PENANG, Phillips; on Government Hill, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1258/2). Hardly distinguishable without the fruit from 7. læta. Tt is very closely allied to Tetranthera sessiliflora, Meissn., T. accedens, Blume, T. lucida, Blume, and T. diversifolia, Blume, but the fruit is larger thanin any of these. It may be the same as T. tuberculata, but that is described as having subglobose fruit.—In shape the cup of the fruit resembles L. Blumii, which differs in the opposite leaves. 45. L. longipes, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 205 (Cylicodaphne); quite glabrous, leaves 6-8 in. alternate penninerved very coriaceous oblong obtuse pale above glaucous beneath with 6-10 pairs of slender nerves and very faint reticulations, umbels quite glabrous, fruiting perianth-tube 1 in. diam. hemispheric very fleshy, pedicel 14 in. long. Tetranthera myristiceefolia, Wall.; var. longipes, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 302. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4281) ; Mergui, Griffith. Branches rather slender, black when dry, Leaves 3-34 in. diam., when dry greenish above smooth and hardly shining, base acute; petiole 3-1 in. Umbels very young, quite glabrous. Fruiting umbels axillary, peduncle much shorter than the pedicels, which are gradually thickened upwards; large perianth-tube very rugose when dry. 46. L. myristicæfolia, Wall. Cat. 2548 (Tetranthera); quite gla- brous, leaves 3-9 in. alternate penninerved oblong or elliptic-oblong OT lanceolate rarely obovate obtuse or acute beneath brown or glaucous with 6-10 pairs of very faint nerves, umbels numerous 4-6-fld. quite glabrous 10 duncled clusters or corymbs, fruit small globose immersed in the cupular eshy shortly pedicelled perianth-tube. Cylicodaphne myristiceetolia, Meissn, in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 208; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 102 (im part). ©. oblonga, var. x P Griffithii, Meissn. l. c. 205. Lepidadenia Griffithii, Wight lc. t. 1846. Diospyros ? acuminata, Wall. Cat. 4129. Peau, Kurz. TENASSERIM, at Tavoy, Wallich. Penang, Porter. MALACCA, Griffith, Cumming, Maingay. : A small tree; branches woody. Leaves very variable in size and form, but uni- form in texture, drying dark or light-coloured, above quite smooth, not shining; petiole 4—4 in., rather stout. Umbels, flowering } in. diam.; pedicels rather slender, 3-1 in.; bracts 4-6, coriaceous, 6-fld. (4-fld., Kurz). Sepals 6, glabrous, obscurely lobed or toothed. Stamens 10-12, quite glabrous. Fruit 4 in. diam. ; perianth-tube clavate, j in. diam., very fleshy, rugose when dry, narrowing into the very fleshy clavate pedicel, together 1-3 in. long.— This and the preceding are almost the only species of this section with quite glabrous umbels. Kurz, who unites them as varieties describes the fruit as obovate-globular, of the size of a small cherry, and the thick fleshy entire smooth cup as j in. diam. Meissner’s var. B. favoyana is the form with short leaves, and var. acutata the narrower more acute leaved one. The Canara plant referred to the latter is Z. Stocksii, nob: 47. T. Helferi, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves 3 in. alternate penninerved very coriaceous ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate smooth and brown when dry above beneath pale brown with 4-6 very slender nerves and ver faint reticulations, umbels solitary pedicelled 4-fld., bracts 4 glabrous outer argest, sepals 6 glabrous, stamens 12. TENASSERIM (or Andaman Islands), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4307). . _ Branches woody; bark rough, whitish. Leaves very finely acuminate, margins slightly recurved when dry, base acute; petiole 4—4 in., very slender. Umbels (male) about j in. diam,; bracts black when dry ; pedicel à in., slender, decurved. Sepals subequal. Filaments quite glabrous except at the base; anthers short. Ovary Litsæa.] CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D: Hooker.) 173 Muy Fruit unknown.—A very distinct species, of which the materials are €. Species of Ceylon. 48. L. glaberrima, Thwaites Enum. 255 (Tetranthera); glabrous or nearly so, branches’ slender, leaves 2-7 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous greenish when dry oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate smooth above very finely reticulate (rarely puberulous) beneath with 6-8 par of very strong arched nerves that form large loops within the margin Qwest pair shortest, umbels in very short racemes or fascicles 4-fld., bracts 5 glabrous, fruit oblong seated on the small dilated cup-shaped erianth- Tetranthera nervosa, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.187. T. ongifolia var. Y., Thwaites l.c. T. lota, var. y. ? glauca, Meissn. l. c. 187. Cylico- daphne Thwaitesii, y. angustata, Meissen. l. c. 208. CEYLON; in the Central Province, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, &c.. dy A small tree; branches glabrous or puberulous. Leaves variable in size, opaque above, glaucous or not beneath, base acute or obtuse; petiole 4-} in., glabrous or puberulous. Umbels few, 1 in. diam. ; pedicel short, slender; common peduncle, if Present, not 1 in. long; outer bracts very concave, membranous, innermost narrow ; owers shortly pedicelled ; pedicels silkily villous, as are the perianth-tube and bases of the sepals. Sepals unequal, membranous, linear-oblong, sparsely hairy, villous at - the base within. Stamens 8 ; filaments very slender, hairy; anthers broad, 2 or 3 2-glandular. Ovary in male a slender minute column with no stigma. Fruit 3 in. „am. ; base of perianth as broad, on a thickened pedicel.— The remarkable nervation distinguishes this. Meissner's 7. nervosa vars. a. and A. are individuals only. 19. L. ovalifolia, Thwaites Enum. 256 (Tetranthera); quite glabrous, branches robust, leaves 2-4 in. alternate penninerved rather long-petioled ickly coriaceous brown when dry broadly oblong orbicular or elliptic. rarely ovate-lanceolate rounded at both ends or base acute, very finely reticulate beneath with 6-10 very faint free nerves, umbels clustered very shortly stoutly pedicelled (5~6-fld., bracts 4 pubescent, sepals 6 (4-8), fruit Subglobose seated on the thickened cupular perianth-tube. Lepidadenia ovalifolia, Wight Ic. t. 1899. Cylicodaphne Thwaitesii, Meissn. in DC. Tod». xv. 1, 908, var. a. only. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 2-7000.ft., Walker, &c. .. A tree, 30-40 ft.; branches rather es. ' Leaves very variable, rigid, flat, above smooth or shining with very obscure nerves, beneath pale or dark brown opaque or Tather shining with a stout midrib, base rarely cordate; petiole stout, i-$ in. mbels sometimes clustered on a short stout peduncle, 4 in. diam.; bracts very coriaceous ; flowers on short villous pedicels. Sepals 6 in the flowers I have examined io ccording to Thwaites), oblong, glabrous. Stamens 9-12 (8-16 or more, Thwaites), quer 2-glandular ; filaments short, sparsely hairy; anthers broad. Fruit j- in. am, in a large fleshy shortly stoutly pedicelled almost hemispberic cup.— Some speci- Mens from Walker, doubtfully referred to Cylicodaphne Gardneri by Meissner, ave elliptic leaves with the surface convex above between the deeply sunk nerves, et] mr espondingly concave beneath; others, as Thwaites' C.P. No. 10 and 351, are exactly Tmediate between this and Z. iteodaphne. I refer here Thwaites’ C.P. 2487, Which hag longer petioles than L. iteodaphne. 50. I. iteodaphne, Thwaites Enum. 255 (Tetranthera) ; glabrous “xcept the pubescent umbels, leaves alternate penninerved coriaceous shortly Petioled oblong or linegr-oblong and obtuse or linear-lanceolate and acumi- nate smooth above beneath finely reticulate glaucous or not, nerves 6-10 very slender, umbels small few or solitary clustered 4—5-fld., pedicels 174 CXXVIII. LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Litseea. very short and usually stout, sepals usually 4, fruit oblong on the small cupular swollen perianth-tube. ? Tetranthera iteodaphne, Nees Syst. Laurin. 542. Cylicodaphne Thwaitesii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv.1. 208 (excl. var. a. ovalifolia). CEYLON ; in the Central Province, ascending to 6000 ft., Walker, &c. . A very puzzling plant, of which the specimens are not sufficient for a full descrip- tion. I am uncertain as to its being the T. ifeodapAne of Nees, whose description is insufficient, and who further describes the sepals as 6, and the bracts as strigose. find only 4 sepals, and rarely more than 8 stamens. Thwaites sends three forms. 1. Leaves 3—4 by 1-1} in. oblong or narrowly oblong obtuse or acute dark brown above when dry, base acute obtuse or rounded.— Adams Peak (C.P. 10, 357, 729, 2605). Cylicodaphne Walkeri, Meissn. l. c. This approaches Z. ovalifolia, Thw. 2. Leaves 3—5 in. oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate pale above more so and almost glaucous beneath, petiole very short. 4 8. Leaves 4-6 by 3-1 in. linear lanceolate acuminate pale on both surfaces, petiole short, male umbels solitary on slender pedicels i in. long, fem. fruiting perianth smaller. Var. 8., Thwaites (C.P. 360). C. iteodaphne y. angustata, Meissner l. c. in part. Another form, sent by Walker only, hasleaves 5-6 by 1 in., oblong-lanceolate, grey- brown beneath with often 12-15 pairs of more conspicuous nerves.—I assume it to T. Walkeri, Meissn. Thwaites’ numbers are very confusing, because of the badness of most of the specimens, and because those in different herbaria are attached to dis- . Similar specimens. I have hence not quoted some of them, or Meissner's references to them. C.P, 729 in Herb. Hook. is quite undeterminable: probably referable to var. 2. -** Umbels racemed. + Leaves quite glabrous beneath (except L. Stocksii). (See also L. Gardneri.) . 51. E. glabrata, Wall. Cat. 2543 (Tetranthera); quite glabrous except the silkily hoary inflorescence, leaves 5-7 in. alternate penninerve coriaceous linear- or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate faintly reticulate beneath with 10-12.pairs of nerves, male in racemes 3-5 in. long 6-fld., pedicels long. Tetranthera P glabrata, Wall.; Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. un. 67, and Syst. Laurin. 560; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 197. Laurus salicifolia ?, Wight mss. Deccan PENINSULA; Dindygul Hills, alt. 3000 ft., Wight. f Very near L. Panamonja, and perhaps only a variety of that plant, or rather o its Tenasserim larger umbelled form; but the flowers, which are in bud only, are densely silky (not tomentose), the racemes less tomentose, the stamens more hairy ; and in the absence of developed flowers and fruit I hesitate to unite them. Their foliage is very similar, but the umbels of the Deccan plant are rather larger. 52. L. nitida, Roxb. ex Wall. Cat. 2540 (Tetranthera) ; quite glabrous’ leaves 4-10 in. alternate penninerved thinly coriaceous oblanceolate oF obovate-oblong tip rounded retuse or subacute, faintly loosely reti beneath with 10-14 pair of very slender nerves, male umbels long-pedicell 4-5-fld. in slender glabrous racemes 2—4 in. long, female racemes mied shorter, fruit ellipsoid sunk in the enlarged subspherical shortly pedicellec perianth-tube. "l'etranthera nitida, Roxb.; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Ear. V- 67 and iii. 3l, and Syst. Laurin. 556; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 302. T. Baula, Herb. Ham. Cylicodaphne nitida, Meissn. in DC, Prodr. xv. 1. 203. EASTERN HIMALAYA; Bhotan, Griffith. Assam, near Goalpara, Hamilton SILHET,. Wallich. Preu, at Rangoon, Wallich, M‘Clelland, l h A timber tree; branchlets woody, angular, bark pale. Leaves 2-3 in. broad, muc Litswa. } CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 175 narrowed towards the base, pale brown when dry, above smooth with slender raised nerves ; petiole 3-3 in., stout. Male racemes axillary and below the leaves, numerqus, rachis and pedicels very slender, the latter often $ in. ; umbels quite glabrous; bracts rather membranous ; flowers sessile. Perianth-tube turbinate, silky ; sepals 4 nearly glabrous, very unequal. Stamens about 14, filaments slender hairy. Female racemes lin, long ; umbels shortly pedicelled ; flower not seen. Fruit (unripe) apparently sunk in the globose or at length hemispheric smooth perianth-tube, which with its short pedicel is about j in. long; edge of mouth thin, obscurely lobed; ripe fruit ‘oblong 6-7 lines long seated in the 3-5-cleft large fleshy cup,” Kurz.—The raised nerves of the.upper surface of the dried leaves is in contrast to those of the three last ipecies, . 98. L. Maingayi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous except the umbels, leaves 7-16 in. alternate very long-petioled penninerved rigidly coriaceous oblon or oblanceolate obtuse or acute, nerves 10-18 pair strong beneath wit Dsverse nervules, male umbels in racemes 5-6 in.-long hoary 6-fld. long- pedicelled. Mazacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1264, 1273). l , Branches woody, bark blackish when dry. Leaves 2-6 in. broad, brownish and shining above with impressed nerves, paler beneath and finely reticulated between the Tather distant nervules; base narrowed; petiole 2 in., slender. acemes from below the leaves, numerous ; rachis rather slender, arched or drooping, nearly glabrous ; umbels in bud globose, i in. diam., expanded 4-3 in. diam.; bracts 4, coriaceous, concave, subequal, white and hoary; pedicel 2-4 in. long; flowers pedicelled. eriant with a funnel-shaped tube, tomentose, sepals 6-8. Stamens about 12, fila- , ments long slender glabrous; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary sunk in the tube of the perianth (imperfect). Fruit unknown. 54 L. Panamonja, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2553 (Tetranthera); quite glabrous except the tomentose racemes, leaves 5-12 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous oblong or lanceolate acuminate reticulate beneath between the 2 pair of slender nerves, male umbels in racemes 5-7 in. long 6-fld. ong-pedicelled, female in shorter racemes. Tetranthera Panamonja, Ham. ; essn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 197; Kurz For. Fl. 309. T. Panamanja, T ot Tos adl. Pl. As. Rar. iis 67, and Syst. Laurin. 561 and 677 ; ? Wight Assam Plains, Wallich, &c. TENASSERIM fre uent, Griffith, Kurz. . A large tree 5 "young shoots puberulous. Leaves firmly coriaceous, 2-33 in. broad, pale brown when dry, rarely oblanceolate, base acute or cuneate ; petiole il in. emes solitary or in pairs from below the leaves, slender, drooping ; umbels in bud e $—1 in. diam., tawny-tomentose ; pedicels 3-4 in. ; bracts 4, subequal, coria- tha concave; flowers 6, sessile. Perianth tomentose, tube fannel-shaped ; sepa s6, al ong. Stamens hirsute at the base. Stigma dilated. “Fruit broader than long, nest didymous, size of a pea, 2-seeded, seated on an entire small cup-like expansion et the perianth-base,”” Kurz.—The description of the fruit is from Kurz ; that it " called 2-seeded is no doubt an oversight. The Tenasserim specimens (var. 8. longi- Te mosa, Meissn. 1. c.) have longer racemes and larger flowers than the Assam ont n Herb. Wight there is a plant in very young flower, figured in his Icones (t. 1836), m Courtallam, called T, Panamanja, which differs much in habit from that species. e leaves are very coriaceous elliptic acute shining above, petiole 3 in. 95. I oleoides, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 195 (Tetranthera) ; quite glabrous except the tomentose racemes, branches very stout, leaves t bas . : Jay d In. alternate penninerved very coriaceous elliptic tip obtuse or rounde € acute beneath not glaucous faintly reticulate with 8-10 pair of slender fran petiole stout, male racemes short erect, umbels shortly pedicelled, t globose seated on the broad turbinate subsessile perianth-tube. 176 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litscea. NILGHIRI MTs. ; at Sispara, Wight, Gardner. | + Apparently a robust shrub, or tree, with erect leaves greenish above and hardly glaucous beneath, and branches as thick as a goose-quill. The very young racemes are axillary, erect, 1 in. long, with a stout rachis and very shortly stoutly pedicelled umbel, much too young for analysis. Fruiding racemes 1-2 in. long, rachis stout, pedicels of umbels short and thick; pedicel and perianth-tube together forming a broadly obconic or turbinate cup 3-3 in. diam. with an entire or lobed thin margin.— Meissner describes this as having opposite or subopposite leaves, but I find them opposite only on very young shoots. Possibly an extreme form of L. Wightiana. 56. L. Stocksii, Hook. f.; glabrous except the silky-tomentose inflo- rescence, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate rarely obovoid acute or acuminate, glaucous and very finely but distinctly reticulate and sometimes puberulous beneath with 10-16 pairs of strong nerves, fem. umbels 6-8-fld. in stout suberect racemes 1-3in. long, fruit ellipsoid seated on the entire or irregularly lobed turbinate thickly pedicelled perianth-tube. Tetranthera lancezfola, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 174. P T. glauca, ò. ? levigata, Nees Syst. Laur. 677; Meissn. l.c. 185. C. myristiczefolia, var. acutata, Meissn. l. c. 209 (the Canara plant only). The Concan and Canara; on the Ghats and Mahableshwar Hills, Gibson, Stocks, Ritchie, &c. Branches stout. Leaves 1-2 in. broad, often of a purplish or brown glaucous hue beneath, greenish above with impressed nerves; petiole }-}in. Female umbels shortly pedicelled, flowering nearly j in. diam. ; bracts 4, and flowers silvery silky. Pe- * rianth-tube oblong-turbinate in flower; stamens (of female) reduced to the 2 glands and aligule. Fruiting umbels sometimes solitary or corymbose ; fruit (unripe) 3 m. long; perianth-tube nearly j in. diam.—It is with great hesitation that I advance this as distinct from L. Wightiana, and on the other hand I am not quite satisfied whether or no L. Stocksii may not include two species, or that the synonymy of the three following forms is absolutely correct. Meissner evidently had the same difficulty as I have experienced in respect of these Litsæas. af 1, Stocksii proper ; leaves very minutely puberulous beneath.—Along with ellip- soid-fruiting specimens of this from near Parwar Ghat, Ritchie sends detached fruits which are transversely oblong, 1 in. diam. Tetranthera oblonga, var. Stocksii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1, 205. - : 2. Var. acutata; leaves quite glabrous and more glaucous beneath, but reticu- lated as in Stocksii proper. Cylicodaphne myristicefolia, var. acutata, Meissn. l c. 209, in part. Tetranthera lanceefolia, Roxb.?; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 171. 3. Var. glabrescens ; leaves obovate-oblong rarely lanceolate very white and glau- cous beneath with no or very obscure traces of reticulation. —Cylicodaphne Wightiana, var. glabrescens, Meissn. l. c. 201 (the plant of Stocks), and var. acutata, Meissn. l.c. 515.— Canara, Stocks. Nilghiri Hills, at Villa Cadoo, Wight. tt Leaves more or less pubescent beneath (sometimes glabrous in L. Gardneri). 57. L. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 255 (Tetranthera) ; nearly glabrous, branches robust, leaves 4-6 in. alternate penninerved thickly coriaceous oblong or broadly elliptic obtuse glabrous or hoary beneath with 8-10 pair of very strong nerves and transverse nervules reticulations very obscure; racemes short tomentose with stout rachis and pedicels, bracts silky, fruit oblong seated on a broad turbinate stoutly pedicelled perianth-tube. Cylico- daphne zeylanica & rigida, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 201. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., Thwaites. A tree, 40-50 ft.; branches as stout as a goose-quill Leaves 14-4 in. broad, brown when dry above with impressed nerves, paler beneath but not glaucous; bese acute; petiole 4-3 in., stout, Racemes 1-3 in. long, strict; pedicels 3-3 in. ; um Litsea.| CXXVIII. LAURINEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 177 5-fid., 4 in, diam, when flowering ; flowers silky. Perianth turbinate, glabrous within, 4-6-partite. Stamens usually 9. Fruit nearly globose, j-i in. broad (Thwaites) ; perianth-tube with the very thick pedicel 3-1 in. long, and 3 in. diam.—Quite possibly a form of L. Wightiana. "The flowers according to Thwaites are polygamous. 58. L. Beddomei, Hook. f.; branchlets midrib beneath and racemes pubescent, leaves 2-3 in. alternate penninerved coriaceous linear-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate silvery glaucous beneath with 8-10 "rd of very faint and slender nerves, male-racemes 1-2 in., bracts silvery Sour DECCAN; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. Apparently a small bush 3 branches scarred, Leaves j-j in. broad, smooth and greenish above when dry with very faint nerves, obscurely reticulate beneath. cemes 1-2 in., or-less ; pedicels 3 in., male umbels } in, diam. in flower; bracts coriaceous, Perianth-tube pubescent, lobes 6 membranous. Stamens 8; , filaments sho rt, glabrous.—A very distinct-looking small species, of which the specimens are insufficient for a full character. 59. L. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 2557 (Tetranthera) ; branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence more or less rusty-tomentose or villous, leaves 1n. alternate penninerved coriaceous from oblong to elliptic-lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, brown beneath with 8-12 pair of strong nerves and Teticulations, racemes stout 1-4 in., umbels stoutly pedicelled silky la e 4-6-fld., fruit 4 in. seated on the turbinate or hemispheric stoutly celled entire or 6-toothed perianth-tube. Cylicodaphne Wightiana, ees in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. ii. 68 and iii. 31; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 00 and 515 (excl. var, B. and y.); Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 222. ? C. flori- bunda, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 387; Meissn. l. c. Tetranthera Wightiana, Bedd. Fi, Sylv. 293. Dap ighiri and Travancore Hills, alt. 6-8000 ft., Wight, &c. Canara, Stocks, Zell. , A rather large tree (Wight); branches robust. Leaves very variable in size and breadth, usually MAN ight); bra impressed veins and light. or dark brown be- Death, rarely purplish and glaucescent; base acute; petiole 4-4 in., stout. eme Suberect or spreading, rachis stout; pedicels 1-1 in. stout; umbels j-$ in. broa maen flowering ; bracts 4, coriaceous. Perianth turbinate, tube and 6 lobes silkily tomentose, Stamens about 12, filaments hairy. Stigma discoid. Fruit as in Stocksii, but in the Canara specimens the mouth of the perianth-cup bas 6 remote erect or Spreading teeth.—I have under L. Stocksii and Gardneri stated my sus- Pions that they are forms of this very variable plant, as may be L. ovalifolia. *issner’s vars. tomentosa and parvifolia have no certain characters; his locality of “sam is founded on an erroneous label, and that of Ceylon refers to L. Gardneri, ase. L. cordata, Jack in Mal. Misc. ex Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. al ; branchlets leaves beneath and racemes rusty-tomentose, leaves 4-6 in. ied omen nate, nerves 10-12 pair spreading with transverse nervules beneath, m “mes § itr Tetranthera cordata, Jack ex Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 196. T. cordifolia, ssn. die. T, Perrottetii, Blume Mus. Bot. 384; Meissn. l. c. Matacca, Griftth.—Dt matra, Philippines. abo anches black when dry dens 3-4 in. broad, brown when dry and polished Ned With raised nerves and nervules, base always cordate, sometimes unequal ; Vt 1-1 in., rather slender. Racemes 1-4 in., slender; pedicels } in.; umbels in eta m. ; bracts 4, nearly glabrous; flowers villous. Sepals 6. Filaments v Fruit in Philippine specimens 4-3 in. long, ellipsoid, seated on the turbinate L. y, N 178 CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litsca. shortly thickly pedicelled perianth-tube, which is about j in. diam. at the mouth.— Meissner’s locality of ** Penins. Ind. Or., Wight," is erroneous, Wight’s specimen 1s from Griffith. Sect. V. Neolitss;ea, Benth. Leaves persistent, alternate, triple-nerved, sometimes subverticillate. Umbels in sessile clusters. -Perianth-segments usually 4, deciduous, tube not or rarely enlarged in fruit. Stamens usually 6. Fruit small.—Litsma, Nees, Meissner. "TrTRADENIA, Nees. (I think Tetradenia, Nees, should be restored as a genus.) 61. L. lanuginosa, Nees Syst. Laurin. 634; leaves 5-12 in. alternate and whorled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate triple-nerved softly thinly tomentose beneath soon glabrous and glaucous, bracts and flowers silkily villous, fruit oblong. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 221; Brand. For. Fl. 382; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 319. Tetranthera lanu- ginosa, Wall. Cat. 2561. T. Cuipala, Don Prodr. 65. "Tetradenia lanu- ginosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 64. L.? Cuipala, Mees and Meissn. Outer HIMALAYA; from Kashmir, alt. 3000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 6000 ft. (very rare in Garwhal). KnasiA Mrs., Herb. Griffith. . A small tree, terminal buds often 1 in. long. Leaves variable in size, young densely clothed with long soft shining silky hairs, often 8-10 in a terminal whorl; basal nerves usually produced far beyond the middle, others 3-4 pair; petiole 4-4 in. Umbels in clusters nearly 1 in. diam., 4-fld., male fl. shortly pedicelled, fem. longer pedicelled. Filaments of inner stamen with long-pedicelled glands. Fruit } in. long acute at both ends, pedicel thickened at the top but not swollen upwards.—1 think this is certainly Don’s Tetr. Cuipala. 62. L. fuscata, Thwaites Enum. 258; leaves 3-4 in. alternate and whorled coriaceous elliptic acuminate triple-nerved, beneath white or pale brown with appressed hairs at length glaucous, bracts and flowers villously silky or tomentose, fruit globose on the much-thickened funnel-shaped peranth-tube. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 221. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 6-8000 ft., Walker, &c. A tree, 20 ft. ; branchlets rusty-tomentose. Leaves 11-2 in. broad, smooth above, youngest densely clothed with silky hairs; petiole 3-1 in. Clusters of male fl. 3 in. broad ; flowers shortly pedicelled. Filaments laxly hairy; glands of inner sub- sessile. Fruit } in. diam., pedicel 3-1 in. long.—Beddome (Forest Manual) regards this, L. orbicularis and ambigua as vars. of L. zeylanica, but to me they appear very distinct. 63. L. zeylanica, C. & Fr. Nees in Amen. Bot. Bonn. Fasc. i. 58, t.5, ex Nees Syst. Laurin. 626 (ceylanica); quite glabrous or branchlets and petioles faintly puberulous, leaves alternate 3-5 in. elliptic- or oblong- lanceolate obtusely or acutely acuminate triple-nerved with 1-3 pairs O nerves above the middle glaucous or not beneath, bracts and flowers silky, fruit subglobose or oblong seated on a disciform perianth-tube with & thick- ened pedicel. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 956 ; Blume Mus. Bot. 1. 346, ; Brand. For. Fl. 382; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 223; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 311; Thwaites Enum. 257; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 294; Wight Tc. t. 132 and 1844. L. oblonga, Nees Syst. Laurin. 678; Wight Ic. t. 1849. L. striolata, Blume l. c. 347; Meissn. l. c. 223. L. foliosa, Nees l. c. 622; Meissn. l. c. 222 (excl. var. B.); Kurz For. Fl. ii. 306. L. furfuracea, Nees l. c. 625; Blume. l.c. 347; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 1.975. L. scrobiculata, Meissn. l. c. 233. L. trinervia, Juss. in Dict. Sc. Nat. xxvii. 79. Tetradema ceylanica, furfuracea & foliosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ji. 64 and 1n. 3 Tetranthera foliosa, pulcherrima (in part) & furfuracea, Wall. Cat. 2569, Litsca.] CXXVII. LAURINEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 179 2567, 2568. Laurus Cassia, Linn. ex Wight in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840) 336. L. involucrata, Vahl in Herb. Juss. ex Lamk. Dict. iii. 445 ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 46, t. 187. L. zeylanica, &c., Herm. Mus. Zeyl. 26. BzHorAN and the KmasiA Mrs., Griffith. SILHET, Wallich. CHITTAGONG, Pegu and Tenasserim, ascending to 7000 ft., and Martaban, Kurz. Maracca, Main- $4y ; on Mt. Ophir and in littoral woods at Tangong chi, Griffith. PENANG, Wallich. DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Western Ghats from the Concan southwards, and from Quilon on the coast, Wight, ascending to 7000 ft. on the Nilghiris, CoROMANDEL, on the coast hills, Roxburgh. CEYLON, ascending to 6000 ft.—Disrris. Sumatra, java, A small tree, variable as to foliage. Leaves often caudate-acuminate, 7 by 34 in. e largest specimens from Courtallam and Sumatra (L. latifolia, Blume), smooth above or beautifully reticulated with minute impressions on one or both surfaces wholly or in part; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 4-5 fld. in all the specimens I have éxamined, and as figured by Roxburgh (6-12 fid., Brandis, by error I suspect). Fruit globose and subglobose, 1-3 in. diam., or oblong and j-$ in. long; pedicel much thickened, 3-$ in. long.—I am in doubt as to there being one or two species included In the above: one has globose fruit, mammillate at the top, as figured by Roxburgh, and in Wight’s Icones, t. 132, from Ceylon, and his L.oblonga, t. 1845, from Courtallam, and which I have seen in specimens from Canara, the Nilghiris and Malacca; the other species with much larger oblong fruit, rounded at the top, as figured by Wight 280 as L. zeylanica at t. 1844, for which he gives no precise locality (beyond that it 3 à native of Ceylon, Martaban and the western slopes of the Nilghiris), and as figured dome, t. 294, and of which I have seen specimens from the Concan? (Herb. Zell. Brandis describes the fruit of zeylanica as globose but occasionally ovoid, and they are oblong in Nees’ description of zeylanica, furfuracea and oblonga, and Meissner's of foliosa var. cesia. Kurz describes the Burman foliosa as having ?Png fruit; and Meissner his zeylanica var. venosa as "'ovali-globosa." Unfor- ately I find no fruit amongst the many Ceylon specimens that I have examined.— ith regard to the characters ascribed by authors to furfuracea, oblonga, scrobiculata, Soliosa and pulcherrima, I find nothing in these whereby to distinguish them from zeylanica; nor are Meissner's five varieties of the latter at all fixed. For the dis- tinctive characters of the too-closely allied Z. umbrosa, I must refer to the notes under that species, l 64. L. umbrosa, Nees Syst. Laurin. 623 (Tetranthera); branchlets eder Pubescent, leaves 2-5 in. alternate elliptic or oblong-lanceolate candate-acuminate triple-nerved below and with usually 2-4 pair of strong xr above the middle glaucous or not beneath, fruit globose on a very pihtly enlarged perianth-tube with a slender pedicel. Meissn. in DC. l rodr. xv, 1, 293, L. consimilis, Nees Syst. 628 (excl. syn. Laurus mvo- mh) Meissn. l c. 223; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 311. Tetradenia jubrosa and T. consimilis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 64 and iii. 30 3507. var. B.). Tetranthera umbrosa, Wall. Cat. 2564, and pulcherrima = B. T. pallens, Don Prodr. 66. e MPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; Kashmir and Chumba, alt. 3-5000 fts Kui Simla and Kumaon, alt. 6-7000 ft.; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 7000 ft., PA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft, —DrsrRrp. Munnipore. . dato leay abit and characters of L. zeylanica, but usually more slender, with more cauda e smalle and best distinguished by the longer more slender fruiting-pe icels wi er dilated perianth-tube under the fruit. There are three forms whic nave “avoured to characterize below, of which the Jarger leaved Khasia may be t e probatis to zeylanica, with which Brandis unites both Z. umbrosa and consimilis, by yai htly. Gamble, however, keeps them distinct. Z. consimilis was fount e ifi don Wallich's flowering specimen of pulcherrima ? (No. 2567 B), which he i den- doubtfully with Roxburgh’s Coromandel Laurus involucrata, assuming that y from the same mountains ; and in so far as that Roxburgh figures many pairs o NeTYeg above the basal, he had some reason for his assumption; but in other respects, N 180 CXXVIII. LAURINEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Litscea. as in locality, Roxburgh's involucrata is better referred to zeylanica. Leaves with transversely striolate nervules occur in all forms. . . L. umbrosa proper; leaves small elliptic rarely 3 by 3-1 in., nerves 2-3 pair above the basal, fruit globose. L. umbrosa B. khasiana, Meissn. in part.— Khasia Mts., alt. 5-7000 ft. . . Var. impunctata ; leaves larger broader 3-6 by 14-23 in. L. umbrosa B. khasiana, Meissn. in part, and L. foliosa var. impunctata, Meissn., with oblong fruit, from Khasia, alt. 5-7000 ft., and L. striolata, Meissn., with globose fruit, from Sikkim, alt. 7000 ft. . Var. consimilis; leaves more membranous oblong-lanceolate 3-5 by 1-1j in. often more glaucous beneath with usually many pairs of nerves above the basal, fruit globose.— Kashmir to Nepal.—There is a good specimen of this in Herb. Hooker, received from Wallich in 1821, but it is not in the Wallichian Herbarium of the Linnzan Society. 65. L. Mannii, King in Herb. Calcutt.; branches slender and petioles and pedicels pubescent, leaves scattered 2-3 in. triple-nerved elliptic-lan- ceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate minutely impressed punctate on both surfaces nerves beneath very slender, fruiting clusters sessile, fruit minute globose mucronate seated on the remains of the unaltered perianth. KnasIA or JyNTEA HILLS, G. Mann. . The small leaves with faint nerves and small mucronate fruit about $ in. diam. well distinguish this species, which may be a Litseaas Dr. King has named it, but without bracts and flowers it is impossible to say that it is not an Actinodaphne or Lindera. l DOUBTFUL SPECIES, Lrrsæa? species, from Upper Assam, Mishmi Hills at Choonpara, Griffith. Leaves only ; these resemble L. Wallichii in form, in the bright red-brown coriaceous shining surfaces covered with fine reticulations, but differ in having 20-30 pairs of nerves; they are 12-18 by 5-9 in., oblong, subacute or acuminate, shortly petioled, and as well as the branches perfectly glabrous. L. VELUTINA, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 376; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 181; from Indis, Heyne.—It is impossible from the meagre description to say what this may e. LITSÆA rugosa, Kurz in Flora 1872, 171 (Tetranthera ? ochrascens, Miquel Fi. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 146, 363. Sideroxylon? rugosum, Wall. Cat. 4158. S. Wallichianum, G. Don Gen. Syst. iv. 28; DC. Prodr. viii. 185), from Penang.— Wallich's specimens have neither flower nor fruit, and do not resemble any Litsea known to me. Miquels Zetranthera? ochrascens is a Sumatran plant described from specimens without flower or fruit. Wallich's S. ? rugosum was overlooked when the genus was worked up for Vol. III. of this Flora. LEPIDADENIA Wightiana, Nees Syst. Laurin. 583; Wight Ic. t. 1837. Tetran- thera Roxburghii, Hassk. Pl. Jav. 243, excl. syn. (fid. Miquel).—This is correctly referred by Meissner to Blume's (not Persoon’s) L. sebifera (Cylicodaphne sebifera, Blume in DC. Prodr. xv.1.202). Wight's figure is taken from a single bad specimen without locality, and it so precisely accords with Javanese ones, that I cannot without further evidence believe it to be from the Nilghiris, where Wight supposes he once gathered it, but where neither he nor any other collector has since found it. Laurus umbellata, Ham, in Don Prodr. 64, from Nepal.—Meissner (in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 258) doubtfully suggests this being L. tomentosa or laurifolia (sebifera, Pers.), but the description is far too meagre to admit of any identification. e authers should be 2-celled, for Don keeps it in Laurus. 12. DODECADENIA, Nees. Evergreen trees. Leaves scattered, coriaceous, penninerved ; buds Dodecadenia.] ^ cxxvin. LauRINER. (J. D. Hooker.) 181 perulate, Flowers 2-sexual, subsoli : ^8 d-Se , solitary or 2-3 together, subsessil arte and pedicelled, each with 4-5 imbricating bracts. Perianth-tube slender ‘oo 6-9, subequal, spreading. Perfect stamens 10-15 ; filaments anthers all niea otiose Re ee of 3rd and dth glandular; perianth tube, stoutly Dedicelled. ruit seated on the dilated thick flattish l D. grandiflora, Nees i T Lauri ; » Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. tweet: branchlets and young leaves silky-tomentose, leaves elliptic. Prod, e acuminate, flowers subsolitary, ovary hirsute. JMeissn. in DC. den. xv. 1. 210; Brandis For. FL 381; Kurz For. FI. ii, 304. Tetran- grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 2544. P Laurus macrophylla, Don Prodr. 64. TEMPERATE HIMALA Z ù . YA; Kumaon, alt. 8000 ft. ; ; the Jiiakyen Hills Kurz. Nepal, Wallich. , Blinkworth, &c. BURMA, on eorig inches rugged, shoots subsilkily tomentose, Leaves 3-4 in. (rarely 6-8), thinly very slendorinutely reticulate on both surfaces, opaque beneath; nerves 6-8 pair, ‘pedicels very ; petiole i-i in. slender, young tomentose. Flowers à in. diam.; © Perianth-sey short, covered with the scars of bracts which are oblong silky } in. long. Ovary hien es oblong, obtuse, hoary within. Filaments slender, exserted, villous. in; perianth stigma oblique, lobulate. Fruit } in. long, ellipsoid ; peduncle stout, suggests this boing Dose 4 in. diam., entire. Meissner (in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 258) : k on's Laurus m , iption i admit of any identification. acrophylla, but, Don's description is too meagre to 2. . late ih riffithii, Hook. f; branchlets glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceo- inate, flowers subsolitary, ovary glabrous, style hirsute. Buorax, Griftth (Kew Distrib. 4312). | and the leavers to D. grandiflora, but the branchlets and ovary are quite glabrous, seen no fruit much more strongly reticulate between the nerves beneath. I have without labro racts 4 to each flower. Sepals 6, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse, silky the lon E m within; tube turbinate. Stamens 10, filaments all villous ; 4 of ger eglandular; 2 of the longer 2-glandular; 4 short ones 2-glandular. E D. ? paniculata, Hook. f: ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-ovate or pedi e acute or acuminate coriaceous, flowers in axillary panicles long- ed, ovary glabrous. Tetranthera chartacea, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. Xv. 1. 186 (the Sikkim plant only). at gerne HIMALAYA, J. D. H.; at Mik, alt. 3000 ft., Clarke. BHOTAN; in woods A small rifith-—DistR1B. Munnipore. Leaves 5-9 tree, 40 ft. (Clarke); branches quite smooth and glabrous, rather slender. 9r less glau y 2-2} in., coriaceous, pale brown and rather shining above, beneath more transver, cous or white, base acute cuneate or rounded; nerves 5-10 pairs, reddish, erse nervules and reticulations distinct; petiole }-% in., rather stout. Panicles ith often 3 terminal Owers ; : . I D TS; pedicels 4 in., stiff, thickened at the tip; flowers in. diam., apparently nd recurved, connate at the put into Dodecadenia. artacea, Wall.? B. areo- a No Griffith in his Itinerary tes, p. 113 (n, 404), calls it a Tetranthera, and describes it as a large tree. In the curious plant, whi tat und » which I hesitatingl la Tetranthera, and in Herb. fool has labelled it 7. ch 182 CXXVII. LAURINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) | Lindera. absence of bracts it is not possible to say it is not a T'efranthera, but it resembles no other, and the flowers are quite like those of a Dodecadenia. 13. LINDERA, Thunb. Shrubs or trees, often deciduous. Leaves alternate or subopposite, penni- or 3-5-nerved; buds perulate or naked. Involucres 4-6- or more-fid., sessile or pedicelled, fascicled or racemose ; bracts 2-5. Flowers dicecious, pedicelled, umbellate or capitate. Perianth-tube very short; segments 7-9, subequal, small, petaloid. Stamens usually 9, 3-seriate, filaments narrow, 0 lst and 2nd series eglandular, of 3rd (rarely of 2nd) 2-glandular ; staminodes in fl. 9 9; anthers 2-celled, all introrse. Fruit globose or ovoid, seated on the unaltered or disciform entire or 6-toothed perianth-tube.—Species about 60, Tropical and Eastern Asia and N. America. . I follow Bentham (in Gen. Plant.) in bringing together under one genus all the Indian 1-celled Litseaceous plants, and have for the most part arranged them under the sections he has proposed. I expect, however, that when more complete specimens of this group are available, several of the genera now included under Lindera wil restored much upon the lines I here indicate as sections. Sect. I. Aperula. Leaves persistent, penninerved. Umbels long- pedicelled ; bracts 4, involucriform, 6-12-fld. Stamens 9. 1. L. assamica, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 308; branchlets and leaves beneath rusty- or tawny-hirsute and pubescent, leaves persistent 4-6 in. lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate penninerved, umbels 6-9-fld., pedicels slender solitary or fascicled on a short common peduncle, bracts 4 glabrous, fruit subglobose. Aperula assamica, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 240. in part. A. Meissneri, Herb. Calcutt. EASTERN HIMALAYA; Bhotan, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4316) ; Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.» J. D. H., &e. MARTABAN Hiris, on the Nettoung, Kurz. A small tree or shrub, 10-30 ft. ; shoots finely pubescent. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., coriaceous, smooth above with impressed nerves, beneath with 6-10 pairs of strong nerves cross-nervules aud reticulation, base very acute; petiole i-i in. Umbels, male about $ in. diam. when in flower; pedicel 1-1 in., very slender, nearly gla- brous; flowers on slender silky pedicels 3-} in. ; fem. umbels smaller with shorter pedicels and shorter pedicelled flowers; bracts hemispheric. Sepals 6, subequal. Stamens 9, filaments hairy, 3-inner 2-glandular. Fruit nearly } in. long.—Foliage à good deal like that of Litsea elongata. 2. L. Meissneri, King mes.; glabrous except the silky inflorescence, leaves persistent 2-3 in. ovate or ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate wit 5-8 pair of very slender nerves, umbels about 9-fld., pedicels very slender racemed on a slender common peduncle, bracts 4 membranous. Aperula assamica, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 1. 240, in part. ASSAM ; on the Nuku Hills, Simons. Closely allied to Z. Meissneriana, but the branclilets are smooth and bark as in L. ozyphylla, the leaves are glabrous, much smaller, more ovate, caudate-acuminate and hardly reticulate beneath, the petioles more slender. and the umbels smaller.— The specimen is a solitary one in male fl. Meissner is mistaken in uniting it with Griffith's 1171, and giving Jenkins as its collector. It is one of several curious p ants found by Simons in the Nuku Hills, where no one has since collected that I know of. King (in Herb. Calcutt.) observed that Meissner has included two species under his A, assamica, and suggested the name of Meissneri for one of them. -Lindera. CXXVII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 183 . 9: 1. malaccensis, Hook. f. ; glabrous except the sparsely pubescent inflorescence, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate shortly acuminate shining above with 4-6 pair of impressed nerves which are strong beneath with faint cross-nervules, umbels 4-9-fld. . small very numerous, pedicels clustered on a short stout common peduncle, ed 4, fruit globose. Tetranthera Griffthii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4297), and Singapore, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1257, 1272) DI AA Borneo. Sapo Branches black, terete, smooth. Zeaves 2-3 in. broad, dark brown, paler and . 9paque beneath, base acute or cuneate ; petiole j-3 in. Umbels very numerous, un- expanded à in. diam., on rather stout pedicels 1—4 in. long; bracts hemispheric, coriaceous ; flowers villous. Sepals unequal. Stamens 9, villous at the base. Fruit pa diam, —I have seen many specimens of both sexes, but none with expanded ers. 4. L. latifolia, Hook. f.; branches leaves beneath and umbels densely 8rey-tomentose, leaves persistent 5-8 in. obovate oblong or broadly oblan- ceolate subacute or acuminate with 10-12 pair of nearly straight nerves deeply sunk above, umbels 10-12-fld. solitary clustered or fascicled on a Very short peduncle, bracts 4, fruit globose small. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., at Nunklow, Myrung and Pomrang, Grifith (Kew trib, 4321), J. D. H. & T. T. Nyrmai, Clarke. . A small tree. Leaves membranous, 3-5 in. diam., reticulate beneath with cross- nervules, base acute; petiole tomentose, 4-} in. Umdels unexpanded j in. diam. on rather stout tomentose pedicels; bracts hemispheric, tomentose. Sepals 6, broad. amens 9, filaments hairy. Fruit the size of a pea.—Some large-leaved specimens Ve the nerves more arched. 5 In oxyphylla, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 163; glabrous except the hoary umbels, leaves 3—4 in. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate subglaucous neath penninerved, nerves very obscure, umbels 9-14-fld. in subsessile clusterg shortly pedicelled, bracts 4. Aperula oxyphylla, Meissn. in. DC. t TOdr, xv, 1. 940. Daphnidium oxyphyllum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. u. 63, and Syst. Laurin. 618. Tetranthera oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 2547. PzNANG, Porter, . ranches stout, black when dry, smooth, quite glabrous. Leaves rather coria- “ous, 1-13 in. broad, smooth above with about 12 pair of very slender raised nerves Which are with difficulty seen beneath, base acute; petiole j-3 in. Umbels; male, expanded, i in. diam. ; bracts hemispheric. Sepals 4-6, unequal. Stamens 9. att unknown.—Wallich’s specimens are the only ones seen ; it approaches L. ciério- ara of China, and very much resembles L. Kingi. Sect. II. Pol ^ istent (except perhaps L. venosa), ue Li. yadenia. Leaves persistent (except per! ven Penninerved, Umbels sessile or subsessile. Bracts 4-8, involucriform or imbricate, Stamens 9-12. § POoLYADENIA & CEPHALODAPHNE, Blume å Gen. Plant, . 6. U. reticul nth. in Qen. Plant, iii. 164; branchlets robust and leaves beneath aed Benth. densely rusty-tomentose, leaves persistent 7-10 in, very coriaceous obovate oblong or oblanceolate-oblong obtuse or Acute, nerves 10-15 pair very strong beneath with strong close cross- zervules, umbels very small clustered sessile 4—9-fld., bracts 4, fruit oblong. Slyadenia reticulata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 61, and Syst. Laurin. ; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xy. 1. 232. Tetranthera reticulata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2551. 184 CXXVII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lindera. Assam; at Goalpara, Wallich, Griffith (Polyadenia grandis, Kew Distrib, 4278). SILHET, De Silva. Branches very stout, woody, pale, furrowed. Leaves brown when dry, very variable in form and breadth, 21—4 in. diam., rather shining above with slender sun nerves, base acute; petiole }- in., very stout, tomentose. Umbels è in. diam., braes coriaceous concave; flowers minute, shortly pedicelled, hirsute. Sepals 6, unequa-- Stamens 6-12, filaments short, villous, most or all with stipitate glands. Fruit ellipsoid or oblong, 3 in. long, smooth, shortly pedicelled. . 7. In venosa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 164; branchlets stout and leaves glabrous, leaves 6-10 in. long-petioled narrowly elliptic-lanceolate shining above, nerves 12-15 pair rather strong beneath with distant reticu- lations, umbels 15-fld. very large sessile or stoutly pedicelled clustered and at first enclosed in many broad imbricate hard rounded scales, bracts 7 coria- ceous pubescent. Daphnidium venosum, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 291. Tetranthera, Grif. Itin. Notes 144 n. 692, and Notul. iv. 355, and Ie. Pl. Asiat. iv. t. 353. Broran ; near Oongar Bridge, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4308). A medium-sized tree, nearly leafless in winter, Griffith ; branches stout, pale, fur- rowed. Leaves towards the ends of the branches, spreading and deflexed, rather membranous, brown above, with slender impressed nerves, paler beneath; base acute ; petiole 1-1} in., slender. Buds enclosing umbels j-$ in. long, ovoid, axillary and on the branches, solitary or 2-3 together. Umbels nearly 1 in. diam.; bracts concave, coriaceous, pubescent ; flowers villously silky, shortly pedicelled. Sepals 6-8, unequal. Stamens 9-12, filaments villous, 3 inner or more with one or two long-pedicelled cup- shaped glands; sometimes of 12 stamens 6 are eglandular, 4 2-glandular and 2 1- glandular. Fruit unknown. 8. L. bifaria, Benth. in Gen, Plant. iii. 164; branchlets and leaves beneath finely brown-tomentose or villous, leaves persistent 13-6 in. pale brown coriaceous shortly petioled elliptic ovate-lanceolate acuminate, nerves 5-10 pair strong beneath with faint or strong cross-nervules, umbels small sessile 6-10-fld. solitary or clustered, bracts 6-8 imbricate, fruit small glo- bose. Daphnidinm bifarium, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. Laurin. 616; Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 231; Brand. For. Fl. 389. Tetranthera bifaria, Wal. Cat. 2530. Laurus Nasusua, Don Prodr. 64. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Kumaon, alt. 5000 ft., Blinkworth, Strachey & Win- terbottom. NEPAL, Wallich. UPPER AssAM, Mishmi Hills, Griffith. KHASIA MTs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Waliich, &c.—DisTRIB. Yunan, China, Munnipore. A small tree with very pale-brown branches and foliage when dry ; branches rather stout. Leaves very variable in size and amount of hairiness, nerves and cross-ner- vules beneath very strong and midrib often villous, above smooth and minutely 1M- pressed-punctate; base acute or cuneate, rarely obtuse; buds scaly, youngest leaves densely clothed with fulvouslong shining silky wool; petiole 1 in., very stout. Umbels solitary or clustered, globose, 1-4 in. diam. before opening ; bracts rounded, coriaceous, concave, brown, more or less pubescent; flowers very small, axillary in the upper bracts, shortly pedicelled, pedicel and perianth-tube velvety. Sepals 6, WEM- branous, subequal. Stamens 9, short, filaments glabrous. Ovary glabrous, with a stout style and discoid stigma. Fruit } in. diam., seated on the very small shallow cup-shaped perianth-tube.—Griffith’s 2464 from Bhotan referred to bifaria by Meissner is not that plant; it has deciduous leaves and different branches and flowers. The specific name isona quoted by Nees as that of Wall. Cat. 2550 is simply & miS- reading of bifaria which is indistinctly written. Sect. III. Daphnidium. Leaves persistent, triple-nerved. 9. L. caudata, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 164; branchlets slender and Lindera.] CXXVIII. LAURINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 185 young leaves fulvous- or rusty-hairy or tomentose, leaves persistent 3-4 in. ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate triple-nerved almost to the tip, owers minute in very short subglobose solitary or clustered spikes bracteate and 2-bracteolate, bracteoles large the pair enclosing single flowers, fruit globose seated on the 6-cleft perianth-tube. Daphnidium caudatum, Wees m Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. Laurin. 608; Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1. 230; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 907. "Tetranthera caudata, Wall. Cat. 2566. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c. MARTABAN and TENAS- SERIM, about 6000 ft., Kurz. "A small slender tree. Leaves brown when dry, subglaucous beneath with strong nerves and cross-nervules, thinly coriaceous, opaque above, base subacute; petiole slender, } in. Flowers distinctly spicate on a very short tomentose rachis, each sessile in the axil of a small bract and enclosed in two concave pubescent ratber thin racteoles ; flower and bracteole about q; in. long. Perianth villous within and with- out at the base, Sepals 6, membranous, subequal. Stamens 9, villous, 3 inner 2- glandular (in the female 6 short filaments, each with 2 very large glands). Ovary glabrous with a stout style and very large discoid stigma. Fruit } in. diam.—Th single flowers being bracteate recalls Actinodaphne sikkimensis. . 10. T. pulcherrima, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 164; glabrous except the silky buds, leaves persistent 4-5 in. elliptic-oblong -ovate or -lanceolate caudate-acuminate triple-nerved pale or glaucous beneath, umbels 5-6-fld. enclosed in 4-6 large concave imbricating deciduous bracts, fruit ellipsoid. aphnidium pulcherrimum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. aurin. 610; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 229; Brand. For. Fl. 383; urz For, Fl. ii. 806; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 312. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 5-8000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan, Y ft. KHASIA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft. MARTABAN; on hills ascending to +) &urz.—DrisTRIB. Munnipore. A large tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, fnqtish when dry, minutely reticulate above with 3 slender raised nerves, beneat my reticulate, caudate tip often 1 in. long and very slender ; petiole slender, 3-4 in. alere quite sessile, globose; bracts pale, rather thin, concave, subsilky, outer wmaller; flowers on short silky-tomentose pedicels; perianth silky. Sepals 6, oblong, gembranous, equal or subequal. Stamens 9, filaments short, nearly glabrous ; of wuale‘reduced to 2 glandular filaments. Ovary and style pubescent; stigma very ee Fruit y in, long; perianth wholly deciduous, or rarely fragments remain; Pedicel slender, 3-7 in., not thickened at the tip. leave; I melastomacea, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iti. 164; quite glabrous, ol aves persistent 2-3 in. coriaceous obovate- or oblanceolate-oblong short " le usely acuminate triple-nerved not glaucous beneath, umbels s at . naw’ solitary or clustered, bracts 4, fruit ellipsoid. Daphnidium mel asto- in pam. Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. Laurin. 607; .Mewsn. C. Prodr. xv, 1. 228. Laurus cuspidata, Don Prodr. 64. A shrub or small tree, with iff erect leafy branches. Zeaves coriaceous, greenish rows when dry, smooth above with.3 strong nerves and indistinct nervules, the atter Very slender and indistinct beneath, base narrowed into the very short, (i-i in.) time Umbels globose in bud, usually crowded and sessile in the leaf axils, some- fona very shortly stoutly pedicelled ; bracts very coriaceous, hemispheric, gh rous ; "nbi on villously silky pedicels, villous within. Sepals 6, equal or unequa qe s 9, filaments hairy, 3 inner 2-glandular. Ovary not seen. Frui H In, long, on the persistent or broken up hardly changed perianth-tube; pedicel j-j in. Sect. IV. Sassafrimorpha, Benth. Leaves deciduous, triple- or —ORüntuple nerve. 186 CXXVIII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lindera. 12. L. heterophylla, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 246; branches robust, shoots and leaves beneath rusty-tomentose, leaves deciduous 2-4 in. entire or 3-lobed at the tip, old coriaceous orbicular ovate or oblong obtuse or subacute quintuple-nerved at the rounded or cordate base, umbels subsessile many-fld., flowers in the axils of large imbricating deciduous villous mem- branous bracts, fruit ellipsoid. Benzoin sericeum and Lindera triloba C Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. Daphnidium bifarium in part, Meissn. 1n DC. l. c. 231 (not of Nees). Hamamelidea, Griff. Itin. Notes, 147. EASTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan ; at Oongar, alt. 9—10,000 ft., Griffith. ds A shrub or small tree, with !flexuous branches, flowering when leafless ; bu clothed with imbricate scales. Leaves 2-4 in. broad, old brown when dry; above rather shining with.sunk nerves aud reticulations, beneath with very strong next lobes if present triangular, subacute; petiole 4-3 in., stout. Umbels (or contract : spikes) j-$ in. diam., with 3-5 very coriaceous imbricating scales at the base; Tlóe flower in the axil of a subspathulate or obovate-oblong coricave bract that is vi th. with long hairs at the back; pedicels short, villous, as is the base of the perian . Sepals linear-oblong, subsilkily hairy. Stamens 9, filaments very short, glabrous; 3 or more 2.glandular. Fruit immature. 13. L. Neesiana, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 164; quite glabrous, leaves deciduous 3-7 in. membranous ovate acute or acuminate triple- nerved at the cuneate or cordate base, umbels solitary or clustered pedi- celled 5—7-fld., bracts 4 membranous. glabrous, fruit small globose. Aus For. Fl. ii. 309- Aperula Neesiana, Blume Mus. Bot. i.366; Meissn. m DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 241. Benzoin Neesianum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 63, and Syst. Laurin. 498. Tetranthera Neesiana, Wall. Cat. 2538. T prunifolia, Wall. mss. ? Laurus macrophylla, Don Prodr. 64; Meissn. . c. 258. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 6-8000 ft., J. D. H. A very spicy tree; shoots terete, smooth, usually quite black when dry, often very stout, Leaves 13-4} in. diam., smooth and reticulated above when dry, more or pon glaucous beneath with 4-6 pairs of nerves besides the basal which do not reach the middle of the leaf, and slender distant reticulated ones. Umbels unopened, globose, 3 in. diam., on slender pedicels 3-3 in.; outer bracts hemispheric, inner narrower; flowers on tomentose pedicels, 1 in. diam., ‘green. Sepals orbicular, nearly glabrous very membranous. Stamens 9, filaments short, glabrous, inner 2-glandular. Fru & in. diam., seated on the unaltered perianth with fragments of the sepals.— This has. much the habit of L. oxyphylla and Litsea polyantha. hort Var. ? Griffithii; bark of branchlets quite white, umbels racemose on a $ o slender peduncle. — Mishmi Mts., Griffith. SPECIES OF UNDETERMINED SECTION. 14. L. bootanica, Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 245; branches stout pale grey deeply grooved (by contraction of the bark), annual shoots herbaceous black when dry, leaves (young) scattered deciduous membranous 3-5 in. penn! nerved lanceolate acuminate densely softly tomentose beneath narrows into the 4 in. slender petiole, buds ovoid large with very broad dense y silky scales, umbels of fem. fl. on a stout glabrous 3 in. peduncle, fowo 8-10 on stout villously silky or tomentose pedicels, perianth-tube v p panulate villous, lobes 6 or more unequal oblong erect glabrous, staminoc th on the top of the tube narrow spathulate exserted slightly hairy, some VJ pedicelled glands, ovary ovoid sunk in the perianth-tube, stigma sessile. " BHOTAN, Griffith (919 a) (Kew Distrib. 4325).—A. few very imperfect gear flowers are scattered among the females. They are in a broken condition, have 4 short perianth-tube, and short filaments, and 2.celled oblong anthers. ——— Lindera.] CXXVII. LAURINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) > 187 15. L. Griffithii, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 245; branches slender woody glabrous, leaves much too young for description 4-3 in. long deci- duous penninerved lanceolate acute silky, female fl. white odorous in very small axillary subsessile nodding clusters very shortly pedicelled and pedicels silky tomentose, perianth 4 in. diam., tube very short obconic, sepals 6 broad glabrous, staminodes very short with large glands glabrous, ovary glabrous, style short, stigma discoid. Botan, above Tongsa, alt. 8500 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4331).— Griffith bes the flowers and bracts as white. 16. L.? sikkimensis, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 245; a bush 15 ft. high, branchlets woody rugose, shoots inflorescence and young leaves beneath clothed with long golden red villous hairs, leaves (young) 2-24 in. scattered deciduous penninerved membranous obovate-oblong narrowed into a short petiole, tip rounded, nerves 6-8 pair very slender, umbels subsessile few-fld., fem. fl. very shortly pedicelled, perianth-tube short, sepals 6 orbi- cular, staminodes very short almost reduced to glands, ovary ovoid glabrous, style short, stigma small. SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Lachen, alt. 11-12,000 ft., J. D. H—This is quite unlike any other species of Lindera. The adult leaves probably differ a good deal from the young here described. 17. Daphnidium argenteum, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 307; a deciduous tree, shoots silver silky hairy, leaves 34-63 in. lanceolate to broad-lanceolate acuminate at both ends firmly membranous glabrous above appressed sil- very-pubescent beneath penninerved laxly reticulate on both surfaces, petiole glabrescent or silvery-pubescent }-} in., flowers on very short tomentose pedicels forming a short densely tomentose raceme involucred by pubescent concave bracts at the base, perianth appressed pubescent filaments almost glabrous, anthers 2-celled. (Description from Kurz.) Marraran and Eastern slopes of the Peau Yomab, Kurz. De 2 Daphnidium lancifolium, Thwaites Enum. 257; Meissn. in ies Prodr, xy. 1. 229; “a tree young parts and inflorescence fulvous silky, raves (5-7) more or less crowded at the ends of the branches 2-33 b ‘4-Fin. Ceolate acutely acuminate smooth or minutely rugulose above white and bee beneath triple-nerved, base acute, lateral nerves hardly reaching e middle of the leaf, petiole 3-4 in., buds (umbels) 3-4-fld. with 4 scales waiter the branches below the leaves, flowers subsessile w in. long. es, CEYLON ; Central Province, Hapootelle district, Thwaites. I this its author says it is apparently near D. nielastomaceum, but the few leaves Mixed seen do not bear this out; he says that he has seen only a single specimen not d with Actinodaphne stenophylla, which it greatly resembles. The ant vers are euecribed, and I suspect that if 4-celled this is a Litsea, and that the = es See €involucral bracts. On the specimen sent to Kew Thwaites says that he ha n neither flower nor fruit. 14. CASSYTHA, Linn. inniliform twining parasites, adhering to their hosts by suckers. Leaves r nte scales, or 0° Flowers minute, 2 sexual or dimorphic ? spiked capitate the ag mote, 3-bracteolate. Perianth-tube short and globose or (often È malla "pocies) as long as the limb and turbinate ; segments 6, 3 outer er. Perfect stamens 9, filaments of 1st series eglandular with 2-celle 188 |o CXXVII. LAURINES. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cassytha. introrse anthers, of the 9nd similar or stamens reduced to staminodes, gi the 3rd 2-glandular with extrorse 2-celled anthers. Fruit enclosed in the succulent perianth-tube, crowned by its limb. Cotyledons at length con- fluent.—Species about 15, Australian, with a few S. African and one widely distributed. 1. C. filiformis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 35; quite glabrous, or young parts puberulous, stems slender, flowers sessile in lax or dense lateral spi oh perianth twice the length of the rounded ciliate bracteoles, outer sepa 4 rounded ciliate, inner oblong, fruit globose smooth (not ribbed). Nees Syst. Laurin. 649; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 255; Wight Ic. t. 1847 ; Wall. ` Cat. 2608 and 7534; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 314; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 29 Griff. Notul. iv. 353; Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 167; Benth. Fl. Austral. v. 911. C. americana and C. guineensis, Meissn. in DC. L. c. 311.—Rheede Hort. -Mal. vii. t. 44. From BANDA to BENGAL, SILHET? and CHITTAGONG, and southward to i VANCORE and CEYLON. PENANG, Wallich. MALACCA, Griffith. — DISTRIB. yr Mascarene Island, Tropical E. Asia and islands, Australia, Polynesia, Tropical and America. i: hite Forming a web of leafless cords over bushes. Spikes 4-2 in. ; flowers yz 10., "d d rather distant; bracts rounded, ciliate. Perianth-segments, outer small, rounded, ciliate; inner much longer, ovate, Fruit glabrous, the size of a pea, crowned by the perianth-lobes. 2. €. capillaris, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 252; quite glabrous, stems capillary, flowers few in very small peduncled heads, bracts minute acute, sepals ovate obtuse inner rather the longest. . CEYLON, Thwaites.— D1sTRIB. Borneo. A much more slender plant than C. filiformis, forming hair-like masses of con- siderable length. 15. HERNANDIA, Linn. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, ovate or peltate, 3-7-nerved. F ntc $ moncecious, 3-nately involucrate at the ends of the branches of a lax DA d ’ pedicelled, centre flower 9 with a cupular involucel at its base, latera, re bracts of involucre 4—5, subvalvate in bud. Perianth-segments 1n 2 wr “the series, 3-6 in (d? fl., 4-8 in 9 fl. Stamens as many as and opposite " outer perianth-segments, filaments 1-2- or e-glandular; anthers ie mà extrorse; staminodes 4-5 in fl. 9. Ovary inferior; style short, s ed dilated toothed or lobed. Fruit enclosed in the enlarged involucel. globose or ovoid, testa thick hard ribbed ; embryo thick, lobed and ruminate. — Species 8, tropical. H. peltata, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 263; leaves rounded-ov obtuse or acute peltate, flowers in hoary long-peduncled corymbs, fi a 2-glandular, fruit ovoid 8-ribbed. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 309; Beddow Sylvat. t. 300; Benth. Fl. Austral. v. 314; Seem. Fl. Vit. 205, t. 97. t. Sonora, Linn. in part; Wight Ic. t. 1855; Thwaites Enum. 258 ; Wall. Ca 7811. ea- SINGAPORE, Wallich. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Herb, Calcutt. CEYLON; 0n the ada- shore.— DisTRIB. Malay Archipelago, N. Australia, Pacific Islands, E. Africa, car. A tree; branchlets stout, smooth, wood soft. Leaves 6-12 in., rather coriaceous $-9-nerved; petiole as long, stout. Corymbs 4-10 in. broad; flowers clustered, : jin middle one of the three female with sometimes a few males below it. Male fei ucel diam. ; segments 6, hoary, 2-seriate; filaments short. Female fl. smaller ; Hernandia. | CXXIX. PROTEACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 189 cupular, j in. long, in fruit greatly enlarged and enclosing the drupe; perianth-tube adnate to the ovary, segments 8, narrow; glands 4, subglobose ; style villous, thickened upwards, deciduous with the perianth-lobes, stigma dilated irregularly lobed. Fruit enclosed in the involucel, except at the apex, together 1} in. diam. Seed hard.—I suspect that this may prove to be only a variety of the American H. Sonora, Linn. Whilst this sheet was passing through the press, Mr. C. Curtis has sent from enang flowering specimens of a plant with the habit and foliage of an Endiandra, but having 6 very short broad thick sessile anthers, opposite to each of which isa broad but rather longer villous staminode, which is closely appressed to the ovoid glabrous ovary. The broad thick square anther has two small extrorse circular pores closed by caducous valves.—It is no doubt a new and very singular genus, allied to Endiandra, which may bear the name of Hewapora Curtisii, in allusion to the pore-like cells of the three anthers. ORDER CXXIX. PROTEACEZE. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or scattered, rarely sub- Opposite or whorled, mostly hard, entire toothed or pinnatisect, exstipulate. Inflorescence various. Flowers 2-sexual. Perianth inferior, often irregular, Segments 4 at first valvately cohering in a cylindric tube gibbous at the ase, with free recurved tips. Stamens 4, shorter than and inserted on the ents; anthers erect, adnate to the filaments, 2-celled, introrse. Ypogynous glands or scales 4, free or connate, alternating with the stamens, 80. Ovary 1-celled, often oblique; style terminal, tip thickened, stigma terminal or lateral. Ovules solitary or geminate or many 2-seriate. Fruit varous, Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons compressed or fleshy, often unequal ; cle short inferior or lateral—Genera 50, species about 950, chiefly Australian and S. African, none N. American, European or N. Asiatic. 1. HELICIA, Lour. Trees orshrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. Flowers in terminal and axillary racemes, 2-sexual. Perianth regular, tube slender; limb narrow, Straight, segments at length revolute. Anthers oblong, connective produced. Ypog. scales free, or confluent in a cup-shaped or annular disk. Ovary sessile; style slender, stigma terminal; ovules 2, basal or lateral, ascending. ut hard, globose. Seeds subglobose, or 2 hemispheric.— Species 25, Tropical Asia and Australia. * Racemes glabrous. T Leaves narrowed at the base into a distinct petiole.. l. H. erratica, Hook. F.; quite glabrous, leaves 4-7 in. cuneate- obovate or -oblong to oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acute or obtuse patire or coarsely serrate narrowed into a short petiole, racemes glabrous, ope: Scales more or less connate, ovary glabrous, fruit 1-13 in. diam. Fl quely globose or depressed umbonate. H. cochinchinensis, Kurz For. E u. 911, and Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 442 (the Assam plant only). robusta, Herb. Ind. Or. H. Jd. SIKKIM Him arava, alt. 2-6000 ft, J. D. H. KuAsIA Mas., common, MARTABAN, 000 ft., Kurz, Parish. . A small tree, Leaves 2-4 in. broad, coriaceous, shining above, nerves 7-12 pair ; evoke Jin. long. Racemes 6-9 in. Perianth pale yellowish, slender, 1} in. long en unexpanded. Hypog. glands obtuse. Fruit usually very oblique, base abruptly H wed. Cotyledons turning a bright red when cut.—This is no doubt the Assam * COchinchinensis of Meissner, and Kurz's plant of that name ; it differs from Lourero's 190 CXXIX. PROTEACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Helicia. H. cochinchinensis (which this author describes as having a small ovate drupe with i» longitudinal furrow) in the very large broad fruit, and in being a mountain p p^ E I suspect that the “ Pundua Mt." (Khasia Mts.) specimens of H. attenuata o . Cat. 1040/2 are this, but without fruit it is impossible to say. 2. H. attenuata, Blume in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. i. 216; quite gh brous, leaves 3-6 in. elliptic-oblong acute at both ends narrowed A O0 & short petiole entire or obscurely serrate, racemes quite glabrous, V Loth scales connate, ovary glabrous, fruit 2 in. long ovoid narrowe C P dir ends obtusely 6-angled. Bennet Pl. Rar. Jav. 83; Meissn. in D g m xiv. 439. Rhopala attenuata, Jack Mal. Misc, i. No. 2. 10; Wall. Cat. 1040. R. racemosa, Roxb. mss. PENANG, Jack. ? Kuasa Mrs., De Silva. . This is not distinguishable from H. erratica except by the fruit. 3. H. nilagirica, Beddome in Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sc. 1864, wiih figure, and For, Man. 1878; quite glabrous, leaves broadly ovate elli ei or lanceolate acute base narrowed into the petiole coarsely acutely toothe submembranous, racemes shorter than the leaves, fruit spherical $ 1n. diam. Niteurrt HILLS; on Western slopes, alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. . fruit This again closely resembles H. erratica and attenuata, but differs in the that which from Beddome’s observations is spherical and very small.—It is remarkable : uo specimens of this exist in the collections of Wight or any other of the numerou collectors in the Nilghiris but Beddome's, and I have seen none. 4. H. ceylanica, Garda. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 453 ; quie glabrous, leaves 3—4 in. obovate-oblong obtuse or tip rounded quite entir narrowed into a petiole, racemes and ovaries quite glabrous, hypog. scales distinct tips subacute, fruit ovoid narrowed at both ends about 1 in. Jong. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 438 (zeylanica); Thwaites Enum. 250; Beddom For. Man. 178. CEYLON; in the Central Province, alt. 2-4000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. th a A middling-sized tree. Leaves 14-2 in. broad; petiole } in. Panicle wit à purple rachis. Perianth pale yellow, unopened 1 in. long. Fruit (not seen by m the size of a hazel-nut, black-purple.— This again is very near H. attenuata. 5. HI. petiolaris, Bennet Plant. Rar. Jav. 84; quite glabrous, bee: 5-7 in. broadly oblong or broadly cuneately obovate obtuse or subacute qu! entire, base suddenly narrowed and decurrent on the long petiole. Mote in DC. Prodr. xiv. 438. Rhopala moluccana, Jack Mal. Misc. i. No. 2 {not of Brown); Wall. Cat. 1041. SINGAPORE, Wallich. (Cult. in Penang, Jack.) . Lin Leaves 5-6 by 3-3) in. firmly coriaceous; nerves spreading; petiole 15 the Racemes longer than the leaves, Flowers 1 in. long. —Very distinct from any of preceding species. 6. H. terminalis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 312; glabrous or nearly 8% leaves obversely oblong retuse with a mucro, base acuminate and taper nit into along slender petiole entire or somewhat waved, raceme at the end 9 the branchlets slender glabrous much longer than the leaves. Ava; on the Kakhyen Hilis, Kurz. I have seen no specimens of this, which from Kurz’s description must be near. H. petiolaris, and differs from its congener in the terminal raceme; the leaves are 3-5 in. long, the petiole 1-4 in., and the flowers about 3 in. tt Leaves sessil or subsessile base obtuse or retuse. Helici UX elicia.] CXXIX. PROTEACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 191 7. H. robu narrowed towards ay Wall. Cat. 2702; quite glabrous, leaves obovate-oblong coarsely serrate, h rounded or obtuse base, obtuse or obtusely acuminate apiculate abruptl ypog. scales more or less connate, fruit obliquely globose eisen. in D o P narrowed into a short stipes. Bennet Pl. Rar. Jav. 83; Wall. Cat. 3661 Ho xiv. 440; Kurz For. Fl ii. 311. H. macrophylla, javanica, Blume , H. eastanesfolia, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 441 H. Meissn, 1. c, 440 "I Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. i. 217; Bennet 1. c. 83, t. 18; robusta, Roxb. F7 T, itophyllum javanicum, Blume Bijd. 652. Bhopala t191. R elabist nd. i. 363, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 366; Wight Ic cad, glabrata, Walt, Cat. 1039. see es an SERIM, on the hills. aly Mrs. Roxburgh, Wallich, Griffith, MARTABAN and TENAS- A Java, Sumatra. ft. Maracoa, Griffith, Cumming, Maingay.—DIs- mall t strong beneath, s branches robust. Leaves 8-12 in. by 3-5 in., very coriaceous, nerves cemes shorter qr ae ed to the base or not ? petiole 0 or very short and stout. Ra- inbud. Fruit 1 in ger than the leaves, sometimes 1 foot long. Flowers ł-1 in. long was founded on : » iam., obscurely ribbed when dry.—Meissner’s H. castaneafolia guished 77, j avanica by th wrongly ticketed as from the Philippines. Bennet distin- of robusta as all conns e hypogynous scales being free, but as Kurz describes those “an find no other, or **one or a few free,” this character will not hold, and I 8. H. tr cbovate.oblon. Meri ica, Beddome mss.; quite glabrous, leaves subsessile Shorter than Gel usely acuminate distantly serrate base obtuse, racemes eddome For, Ft 301 Cose ame apiculate base rounded. H. robusta, hover p id excl. syn.). Beddome, ECCAN ; hills of Travancore and Tinnevelly, at about 4000 ft. elevation, is however smaller and and notably in the quite ded at the base, This r raea nt JT robusta in the form of the leaf, which globose perfect] ; M differs in the short racemes 3 in. long, and only 3 in, aoe apiculate fruit, not at all stipitate but roun #% . Rachis of the ra j ceme pubescent, tomentose or villous. 9. Boe tomentose, 1eelsa, Blume in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. i. 219; shoots rusty- quite entire or es oblanceolate or cuneately obovate obtusely acuminate glabrous, race coarsely serrate narrowed into the rather slender petiole 8mooth. Bennet "Pad flowers rusty-villous, ovary villous, fruit small, “rz Foy Fl, ij alo Jav. Rar. 84; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 441; 9; Kurs 1 oc prés H. salicifolia, Pres! Epimel. 947; Meissn. l c. Vall. i. 365: W. opala excelsa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 363, and Ed. Carey & ; Wall. Cat. 1038; Wight Ic. t. 190. Stnurr » Roxburgh. Knasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. CHITTA- NG and arge roo ERIM, Helfer, &c.—DrsTRIB. Cambogia. . Leaves 4-6 by 11-24 in. coriaceous, yellow green when dry ; Petiole i H " -i in. . Racemes axillary and terminal, about equalling the leaves, more or in. long in bud. Fruit (in Ma- ess villou a me ord Sate yl gos 4 co dicifolia from ree ovoid, obtuse, smooth, 4 in. long when dry. Presl's Date gealos — 77 P er (Kew Distrib. 4366) seems in no way different, except in the les. Malaccan g oranthoides, Presl, from the Philippines, is possibly the same 10. x specimens have nearly glabrescent flowers. and Fop, WT Tzhobotrya, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 303, i E very stont petiol shoots rusty-villous, leaves oblanceolate narrowed into vill beneath rust iole acuminate coarsely serrate, glabrous or with the mid- ous, ovary gla “pubescent, racemes very long stout and flowers rusty- 193 CXXX. THYMELEACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Helicia. MARTABAN Hirrzs, alt. 4000 ft., Brandis, Kurz. Branches very robust, Leaves 12-14 by 3-31 in. ; petiole in. Racemes as long as the leaves, rachis very stout, flowers 1-1} in. long (Kurz) solitary or 2-3-nate; pedicels stout, villous; style 14 iu. Fruit unknown.—A very distinct species. Kurz describes the leaves as “narrowed towards the obtuse base ;” but they are quite acute in our (solitary) specimen from Kurz. ORDER CXXX. THYMELZACEZ. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, with tough fibrous inner bark. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, quite entire. Flowers usually 2-sexual, axillary or terminal, in heads umbels clusters spikes or racemes. Perianth regular, tubular or campanulate, 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud, often with 1-2 scales at the base. Stamens 2, er as many or twice as many as the lobes; anthers2-celled. Disk annular, cupular or of scales. Ovary superior, 1- rarely 2-celled (4-5-celled in Gonystylus); style short or long, terminal or eccentric, stigma capitate; ovules solitary or one in each cell, pendulous from near the top of the cell, anatropous. Fruit indehiscent (capsular 12 Aquilarinee). Seed pendalous or lateral, albumen fleshy or 0; embryo straight, radicle superior.—Genera nearly 40, species 360, temperate and tropical. Trae I. Euthymelese. Ovary l.celled,l-ovuled. Fruit indehiscent. * Perianth without scales. Stamens as many and opposite the perianth- lobes or twice as many. Flowers 4-nerved. + Perianth not circumsciss in fruit. Perianth-tube cylindric. StyleO. DiskO . . . . . . 31. DAPHNE. Perianth urceolate. Style short. Disk O or minute. . . 2. THYMELMA. Perianth-tube cylindric. Style long, stigma linear . . . 3. EpG@EWORTHIA. Perianth-tube cylindric, Style short, stigma large . . . 4. WIKSTR@MIA. ++ Perianth circumsciss after flowering. Shrubs, leaves flat . . . . . . . . . . . . , . B. STELLERA. Annuals, leaves linear . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 6. DIARTHEON. ** Perianth with scales above the stamens. Flowers 5-nerved. Fruiting perianth circumsciss; pericarp thin . . . . . . LASIOSIPHON. Fruiting perianth not cireumsciss; pericarp thick . . . . 8. LINOSTOMA. Triste IT. Phaleriese. Ovary 2-celled; cells l.ovuled. Fruit inde- hiscent. Flowers sessile. Stamensexserted . . . . . . . , . 9. PHALERIA. Træ III. Aquilariese. Ovary 2-celled; cells l-ovuled. Fruit 4 loculicidal capsule. Perianth-tube cylindric, Stamens5 . . . .. . . 10. GxRINOPS. Perianth campanulate. Stamens10 . . . . . . ll. AQUILABIA. Anomalous genus. Ovary 4—5-celled. GoNxsTYLUS. Daphne.] CXXX. THYMELXACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 193 1. DAPHNE, Linn. Shrubs or smalltrees. eaves alternate. Flowers in terminal or lateral sessile or peduncled heads or clusters. Perianth tubular, lobes 4, spreading ; scales 0. Stamens 8, 2-seriate, subsessile; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary l-elled; style very short or 0. Fruit coriaceous or fleshy. Testa crusta- ceous.— Species about 80, Europe, N. Africa, Temp. Asia. l. D. oleoides, Schreb.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1047 ; leaves 1-21 in. obovate oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate obtuse acute or mucronate sparsely airy or glabrate, flowers in terminal sessile or subsessile clusters ebracteate, penanth silky. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 533; Jaub. 4 Sp. Ill. PI. Or. t. 305. D. mucronata, Royle Ill. 322, t. 81,1. 9; DC. l. c. 536; Brand. For. FI. 984; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 315. D. coriacea, Royle l. c. 321. D. buxifolia, Vahl Symb. i. 29; Sibth. Fl. Grac. t. 357; Jaub. & Sp. l c. 99. D. acuminata, Boiss. dr Hoh. Diagn. Ser. 1. xii. 103; Boiss. FI. Orient. 1.1048. ? D. cashemireana, Meissn. L. c. 535. WxsrzRN HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal westwards to Murree and the Suliman Range, alt. 3-9000 ft.— DrsTRIB. Affghanistan and westwards to Italy. small much-branched shrub; branches green brown or purple, pubescent or Bhbmte, Leaves very variable, sessile, coriaceous. Flowers white or tinged with Pink, about 3 in. long; lobes ovate or lanceolate, very variable in length. Ovary pu t. Fruit dry or rather fleshy, 1i-j in. long, ellipsoid, orange or scarlet. iu? Pt cannabina, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xiii. 315, t. 7, 8, and Cat. 045 (not of Loureiro); leaves 2~4 in. oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate or r ptic obtuse *or obtusely acuminate glabrous, flowers in terminal and teral sessile bracteate heads, perianth-tube cylindric pubescent. Griff otul. iv, 370. D. papyracea, Wall. ex Steud. Nomencl. 483; Meissn. in enkschr, Regensb. Bot. Gesell. iii. 282, and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 537; [^ e am Jacq. Voy. Bot. 143, t. 148; Brand. For. Fl. 386; Gamble an, Ind. Timb. 315; Madden in’ Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvii. 610. odora, & Bholua, Don Prodr. 68. D. papyrifera, Ham. mss. and OUP ERATE HiMALAYA; from Chamba to Bhotan, alt. 5-7000 ft. in the west, A 10,000 in the east. KĦASIA Mrs., alt. 3-6000 ft. . a shrub, 7-8 ft.; branches glabrous, except the youngest, leafy at the ps. ye E thinly coriaceous, nerves faint ; petiole very short. Flowers white purp e o slender? very sweet; bracts oblong or lanceolate. Perianth 4 in., tube rather oscil? lobes broad or narrow, ovate, acute. Fruit ovoid, succulent, red or orange have be, two species are included here. Small alpine states 6-8 in. high from S kim dry; roadly elliptic-ovate hard reticulated leaves 3-1 in. long, and dark brown w en white flo, stems are buried in the ground with the few leaves and small greenish- of D, ps exserted.—Finding no authority for Steudel having attributed the name did 9? ?¥acea to Wallich, 1 have taken for it that of D. cannabina which Wallic e (uit though under the erroneous impression that it was Loureiro's plant of that Which is Wikstraemia indica). 5 D. involucrata, Wall. in Asiat. Research. xii. t. 6, and Cat. d leaves 3-6 in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous, flowers 1n ong: ncled axillary involucrate heads, perianth $-} in. silkily villous. ur Meine Ny Meissn. in DOC. Prodr. xiv. 2. 540. Eriosolena Wal lic i Be St Gen. ii, 949. Scopolia involucrata, C. 4. Mey. in Bull. Imp. ln . ii ggs Petersd. 1843, 357. D. longifolia, Meissn. in Regensb. Denkschr. tig? DC. 2c—Daphne sp. Grif. Notul. iv. 370, and Ie. Pl Asiat. D a IMALAYA, alt, 6000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. Kuasia MTS., alt 4-6000 ft., 194 CXXX. THYMELHACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Daphne. common. Patkoye Mts. in Upper AssAM, Griffith. TENASSERIM Mrs., alt. 4- 5000 ft., Parish, &c. A tall lax shrub, often 20 ft. highs; branches 'glabrous, except the tips. Leaves narrowed at both ends, pale beneath, thin; nerves very many, slender, arching $ petiole 4 in. Heads few- or many-fid.; peduncles solitary or fascicled, filiform, 1-4 in. long, glabrous or villous, bracteolate at the base; involucral bracts 2, boat-shaped, obtuse, silky; flowers white, scented, limb flesh-coloured. Perianth villously silky; lobes ovate, acuminate, much shorter than the tube. Fruit ovoid, 4 in. long, black, 4. D. pendula, Sm. Ic. Ined. ii. 94*, t. 94; leaves 3-5 in. oblong- lanceolate acuminate glabrous, flowers in long-peduncled axillary involucrate heads, perianth 1-j in. silkily villous. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. g. 540; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 877. D. montana, Meissn. in Regensb. Denkschr. iii. 284. Erisolena montana, Blume Bijd. 651; Meissn. in DC. l c. BURMA; on the hills between Nattoung and Moulmein, Parish.—DIsTBIB. Java, Sumatra. Very similar to D. involucrata, but smaller in all its parts, and with the flower smaller in proportion to the leaves. It may be only a variety. 2. TH'YMELIEA, Endl. Herbs shrubs or undershrobs, rarely annual. Leaves scattered, usually small, narrow. Flowers small, 2-sexual or polygamous, axillary, sessile; bracts small, Perianth urceolate or males rarely tubular; lobes 4, spread- ing ; scales 0. Disk minute annulate. Stamens 8, 2-seriate; anthers u^ sessile. Ovary subsessile, 1-celled, style very short, stigma capitate. Fru dry, included 1n the perianth or wholly naked, pericarp membranous. ne crustaceous, albumen scanty or 0.—Species 20, Mediterranean region to 4 sia. . T. arvensis, Lamk. Fl. Franc: iii. 218, and Ill. t. 293; annual, ve slender, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, stem strict erect leafy, leaves 897 sile linear-lanceolate, flowers axillary sessile minute. Mezssn. m 7 Prodr. xiv.1. 551. Lygia Passerina, Fasan. in Act. Acad. Neap. ye , 235; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1052. Passerina annua, Wikstr. in Act. Hei 1818, 320; Nees Gen. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 47. Stellera Passerina, Linn. ps i , 559; Jacq. Ic. Rar.i.t. 68; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xi. 12, t. 550; Get Fruct. i. 186, ¢. 29, £2. P. diarthronoides, Griff. Notul. iv. 365, and Je. Pl. Asiat, t. 534, l | UPPER PANJAB; plains below Jummoo, Thomson. KasuMrr, Ramoo, alt. 6000 ft-» Clarke.— DISTRIB. Affghanistan and westward to France and N. Africa. ct Stem 8-18 in., sparingly branched, branches erect. Leaves 4-3 in., pir fy acuminate. Flowers j; in., hermaphrodite, in all the axils, and forming long ^*^ y very slender spikes. Perianth appressed-pubescent ; lobes ovate, obtuse, erect, very short. Fruit 4-4 in. long, ovoid, narrowed upwards. 3. EDGEWORTHIA, Meissn. Shrubs. Leaves scattered. Flowers capitate, 2-sexual, in sessile, uncled axillary heads; bracts involucriform or 0. Perianth-tube cy i ric; lobes 4, spreading; scales 0. Stamens 8, 2-seriate; anthers 9". sessile. Disk annular, lobulate. Ovary sessile, villous, 1-celled ; stigm^ elongate, cylindric. Fruit included in the base of the perianth, pericarp coriaceous. Testa crustaceous. Higeworthia.} oxxx. raymenmacen, (J. D. Hooker.) 195 B. Gardneri, Mcissn. in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Gesellsch. iii. 280, t. 6, aud in DO. Prodr. xiv. 2. 543. E. chrysantha, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soe. 1, 148, and Bot. Reg. 1847,t.48; Meissn. in DC. l.c. ; Fl des Serres, t. 289. E. papyrifera, Zucc. in Abhandl. Math. Phys. Kl. Bair. Acad. iv. 8. 199 5 Daphne Gardneri, Wall. in As. Research. xiii. 388, t. 9,and Cat. 1044; Don Prodr. 69. D. papyrifera, Sieb. in Act. Batav. xii. 24. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., D. H., &c. Buoran, Griffith.—DrisTRIB. China, Japan. A large much-branched bush, with stout branches. Leaves 3-5 in., elliptic- late, acuminate, glabrous above, pubescent or silky beneath; petiole 1-i in. Peduncle 0-1 in., stout, decurved, silky ; heads 1-2 in. diam., naked at the base or surrounded with short linear silky bracts. Flowers densely crowded, golden yellow, Sweet-scented, Perianth i-i in. long, densely silky; lobes short, broadly ovate or rounded.—TI find no character whereby to distinguish the Chinese and Japanese plant from the Himalayan. . 4. WIKSTRG@MIA, Endl. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. Flowers 2-sexual, in terminal racemes or spikes, ebracteate. Perianth-tube elongate; lobes 4, : reading. ‘Stamens 8, 9-seriate, filaments short. Disk of 1-4 scales. ary villous, 1-celled ; style short, stigma large globose. Fruit fleshy and naked, or more dry and included in the base of the perianth. Testa crusta- teous, albumen sparing or 0.—Species about 20, Tropical and E. Asia, ustralia, Pacific. x w. indica, C. A. Mey., var. viridiflora; glabrous, leaves suboppo- ue 1-l in, oblong or obovate-oblong tip rounded base cuneate, flowers in minal subsessile fascicles, perianth nearly glabrous, lobes short obtuse. .'Viridifora, Meissn. in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Gesellsch. iii. 286, and vA". Prodr, xiv. 9, 546; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 997. Daphne viridiflora, dn. Cat. 1049. Diplomorpha ? viridiflora, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Imp. ead. Sc, St. Petersh, 1843, 358. Lo ErtAGONG, J. D. H. 4 T. T. 'TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Grifith. SINGAPORE, A oS. China, Mauritius (naturalized), Philippines. very rab: Leaves 1-1} in. thinly coriaceous, brown when dry, nerves numerous, ery slender. Flowers few ina cluster, ebracteate. Perianth j in. long, glabrous, c yellow. Disk-scales usually united in pairs. Fruit ł} in. long, od, 8. Paice appears to be nothing but a short-leaved form of the common N . an oe Island and Malayan W. indica, which finds its western limit in e y (vi. e” and with which it is united’ by Bentham in the Australian Flora ogg” w. canescens, Meissn. in Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Gesellsch. iii. (and in DC. Prodr. xiv. 2. 547; branchlets and inflorescence silkily Pubescent, Jeg ; te usuall leaves alternate and opposite oblong-lanceolate acute usually flabrous above and pubescent beneath, peduncles axillary and terminal few- 3 n. Voy. Bot. 145. W. ; Perianth-lobes short obtuse. Dene. in Jacquem. act olia, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat Ser. 2. xx. 50, and in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. Mei. t, 149; Meissn. in DO. L e. 546. W. chamædaphneand W. inamoena, een. in DO, ], c. W. virgata, Meissn. l. c. 289, and in 2C. l.c. ; versi 1047 Man, 178, t. 25, f. 4. Daphne canescens & virgata, Wall. Cat. A , t pg; Sericea, Don Prodr. 69. D. inameena, Garda, in Calc. Journ. xut. Hist, vii, 454. D. oppositifolia, Ham. mss. Diplomorpha canescens & » C. A. Mey. in Bull. Imp. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 1843, 358. Rare PERATE HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Central Nepal, alt. 5-9000 ft. 74 Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft. Urrer Assam, on the Patkoye Mis, Griffith 0 196 OXXX. THYMELEACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Wikstræmia. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 6-8000 ft., Walker, &c.—DISTRIB. Affghanistan, N. China. . A small shrub, 1-3 ft. Leaves 1-3 in., thin, variable in breadth, sometimes faintly pubescent above and glabrous beneath, base cuneate; petiole à in., with often a minute white bud in the axil. Peduncle slender, silky, rarely 4 in.; flowers often _at length spicate or even cymose. Perianth }—} in. long. Disk-scales linear. Fruit lin. long, narrowly ovoid, silky ; pericarp black, thin. Embryo large, in a thin layer of albumen, cotyledons flat oblong, radicle half its length.— Most. of the species included here under W. canescens are founded on the cohesion or freedom of the hypogynous scales, which organs vary greatly in this and other genera of the Order. It is remarkable that this genus should not occur in the Nilghiris. 5. STELLERA, Linn. Herbs undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers 2-sexual, m terminal sessile heads or spikes. Perianth-tube cylindric, at length circum- sciss above the ovary ; lobes 4, rarely 5, spreading; scales 0. Stamens 8, rarely 10, 2-seriate; anthers subsessile. Disk produced on one side into à lanceolate or linear blade. Ovary subsessile, 1-celled; style short, stigma capitate. Fruit dry, included in the base of the perianth, pericarp mem- branous.—Species about 6, Central and W. Asia. S. Chamejasme, Linn. Amen. Acad. i. 400; a glabrous herb, stems erect simple leafy, leaves sessile elliptic-lanceolate acute or acumina 1 headginvolucrate. Meissn.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 2. 549. S.hy ericifolia, Endl. Gen. Suppl. 4. ii. 63; Meissn.l. c. S. concinna, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. à» xx. 88; Meissn.l.c. S. altaica, Thieh. in Pers. Synops. i. 486; Meissn. Lc. Passerina Stelleri, Wikstr. in Act. Holm. 1818, 321. P. racemosa, Wikstr. l. c. 320; Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Ross. t. 374. Wikstroemia ? hypericifolia, Meist in JDenkrek- Regensb. Bot. Geselisch, iii. 987*. Septas hypericifolia, Wall. at. 1048. WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kumaon and Garwhal, alt. 10-11,000 ft., Wallich, &c.— DISTRIB. Westward to the Caucasus, N. and Central Asia. . Rootstock long, woody ; stems quite siniple, rather stout, 6-10 in. high. mee opposite and alternate, 3—1 in., thin, veined, base rounded or cuneate, involucral 1 the cauline. Flowers in a sessile head, sweet-scented, yellow. Perianth 1-3 in. long glabrous, tube slender; lobes very short, oblong. 6. DIARTHRON, Turcz. Slender annuals. Leaves scattered, linear. Flowers minute, 2-sexual, in lax terminal racemes, ebracteate. Perianth-tube slender or urceolate, constricted and circumsciss above the ovary ; lobes 4, spreading ; scales ' Stamens 8, 2-seriate; anthers subsessile. Disk 0. Ovary subsessile, 818- brous, l-celled ; style short, stiyma ovoid subclavate. Fruit dry, entio i in the membranous base of the perianth, pericarp membranous. Tes crustaceous, albumen sparing or 0.—Species 2, Persia and Central Asia. D. vesiculosum, Fisch. $ Mey. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. 1839, m annual, slender, erect, leafy, leaves sessile linear obtuse or gu bacuto perianth-tube with 8 ridges, stamens 8. Meissn. in DO. Prodr. n 558; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1054. D. carinatum, Jaub. & Sp. IW. P b : t.105. Passerina costata, Griff. Notul. iv. 307, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 939. The PANJAB; Peshawur, Vicary. WESTERN TIBET; Iskardo, alt. 9000 ft., Clarke. — DISTRIB. Soongaria, Affghanistan, Persia. Diarthron.] cxxx. tHymeLmacua. (J. D. Hooker.) 197 A slender annual, 6-12 in., usually copiously dichotomously branched. Leaves 3-4 in., nerveless, rather glaucous. Racemes very slender, flowering 4 in. long, fruit- ing lin.; flowers very shortly pedicelled. Perianth 4 in. long, tube very slender, lobes short. Lower anthers smaller than the upper. Fruit l-j, in. long, narrowly ovoid, perianth-tube membranous (vesicular when the fruit does not ripen), 7. LASIOSIPHON, Fresen. Silky shrubs. Leaves opposite or scattered. Flowers 2-sexual, in dense eads with broad bracts. Perianth-tube cylindric, circumsciss above the Ovary; lobes 5, spreading ; scales above the stamens 5-10. Stamens 10, Upper or all shortly exserted; anthers oblong or linear. Disk 0 or short, annulate. Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Fruit small, dry, included in the base of the perianth, pericarp membranous. Testa crustaceous; albumen scanty or 0,—Species about 25, Trop. and » African and Trop. Asiatic. e eriocephalus, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 148; leaves subses- sile from oblong.to linear-oblong -lanceolate or oblanceolate acute glabrous or silky beneath, heads globose shortly peduncled, bracts hoary deciduous, penanth densely villous with long silky Fairs. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. . 997; Thwaites Enum. 250; Beddome For. Man. 179, t. 25, f. 2. L. spe- &osus, Dene. L. c. 147, t. 150; Meissn. in DC. L. c. 598 ; Datz. & Gibs. Bomb. P 221. L; sisparensis, Hugelii P and insularis, Meissn. in DC. l. e. L. Metzianus, Mig. Analect. Bot. ii. 3, t. 1. Daphne eriocephala, Wall. Cat. Lachnæa eriocephala, Heyne mss. Gnidia eriocephala, Meissn. in egensh. Denkschr, iii, 999; Wight Ic. t. 1859. G. sisparensis, Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1; Wight Ic. t. 1860; G. insularis, Garda. l. c. G. monticola, Mig. in Flora 1849, 557. i . Dzccax PENINSULA; on the Ghats from the Concan southwards, ascending to 7000 ft. on the Nilghiris. CEYLON, ascending to 4000 ft. . Bi G A small tree or large much-branched bush, with much of the habit of Edgeworthia ardneri ; branchlets usually purplish, Leaves 2-3 by 4-1 in. not coriaceous, narrowed from the middle or above it to the rounded base, nerves very slender and - oblique. Heads 1-2 in. diam. ; involucral bracts oblong, acute, silky, shorter than hi flowers, which are very numerous, densely packed and thickly clothed with White or buff long silky villous hairs. Perianth }-% in. long, yellow; tube slender ; obes 4-5, oblong, obtuse; scales at its mouth very variable, oblong obcordate or 2-fid. _—Tean find no valid characters whereby to distinguish the 5 species here brought to- Bether, for which Decaisne and Meissner rely chiefly on the shape of the perianth-scales, Waites has united both speciosus and zeylanicus with eriocephalus. The scales err bed as minute obovate and notched in'L. eriocephalus; obcordate in Z. 7 ensis ; linear and bifid in Z. speciosus; linear and entire in L. Metzianus, and Small linear and fleshy in L. insularis. Wight further characterizes L. sisparensis y the tawny brown heads. Z, Hugelii, Meissn., said to be from the Himalaya, is probably founded on an erroneously ticketed plant, for no species of the genus is Known H » t hat region, and Hugel collected in the Nilghiris ; Decaisne indeed reni nges plant doubtfully to L. eriocephalus itself. Beddome confirms this view o Species thus brought under one, 8. LINOSTOMA, Wail. posite. Flowers Shrubs someti L . . bo imes climbing. eaves opposite or su 2-sexual, in small panicle doy ms; Pract 2, on the peduncle, at length fugi ianth- indric, base at length tur id lobes Ed and membranous. Perianth-tube cylindrig, ba gt T spreading; scales above the stamens 10, free or connate in LI 198 ^ CXXX. THYMELEACEE, (J. D. Hooker) [Lénostoma. pairs. Stamens 10, filaments filiform, exserted ; anthers ovoid or oblong. Disk 0. Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style filiform, stigma penicillate. Frut ovoid, included or not in the inflated base of the perianth, pericarp corky or crustaceous. Testa membranous, albumen 0.—Species 5 or 6, Indian and Brazilian. $ l. L. pauciflorum, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 234, in note; quite glabrous, leaves 1-14 in. very shortly petioled elliptic or obovate apiculate, peduncle slender 1-2-fld., perianth glabrous, tube slender. Meissn. in DO. Prodr. xiv. 2. 600; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 83, and For. Fl. ii. 334. Psilæa dalbergioides, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 355. TTENASSERIM ; in the Pine forests of Martaban, alt. 3-4000 ft., Kurz. SINGAPOBB, Griffith, Maingay.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. " An erect shrub, 4—6 ft.; branches long, slender, black when dry. Leaves thin, rather glaucous beneath; nerves very numerous, spreading, parallel, slender ; petiole jp in. Peduncle filiform, 1-2 in.; bracts leaf-like, but thinner, white, translucent; , towers few, nodding, greenish-white; pedicel short, slender. Perianth $ in. long, very slender; lobes linear-oblong ; scales clavate. Fruit } in. long, excluding the persistent perianth-lobes, quite glabrous, ellipsoid but narrowed. above and below, perianth-tube with 10 slender ridges; pedicel swollen at the tip, pericarp coriá- ceous, ` 2. L. decandrum, Wall. Cat. 4203; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 im petioled oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, peduncle many-fid., perian glabrous, tube ovoid. Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 1. 599; Kurz in Journ As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 83, and For. Fl. ii. 334; Griff. Notul. iv. 372. Nectandra decandra, Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 425. K SILHET, Roxburgh. CurTtAGONG, at Seetakoond, J. D. H. & T.T. TENASSERIM, urz. An erect evergreen shrub ; branches slender, dark, speckled with white. . Leaves! coriaceous, red-brown when dry, sometimes caudate-acuminate ; nerves exc ingly slender and numerous; petiole d-i in. Peduncle 2-3 in., rather stout, 6-10-fld.; , bracts sessile, oblong, obtuse or acute, smaller than the leaves. Flowers umbellate, greenish-white, fragrant; pedicels 1 in. long, jointed in the middle under the flower. Perianth-tube quite glabrous, 4 in. long ; lobes linear, as long as the tube; scales erect, clavate. Fruit j in. long, broadly ellipsoid, acute above and below, periantt+ tube sparingly silkily villous. 3. L. scandens, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 83, and For. Fi. ii. 334; finely rusty-tomentose, leaves 2-3 in. petioled broadly oblong oF elliptic, tip rounded or retuse, flowers in panicled peduncled heads or umbels. Enkleia malaccensis, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 234 in note, a Notul. iv. 363. L. siamense, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 83, and For, Fl. ii. 934. Lasiosiphon scandens, Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. pt. ^ 67; Meissx. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 2. 598. " PrGv and TENASSERIM, Kurz. MALACCA, Griffith. SINGAPORE, Schomburghs aingay. A lax climbing shrub with long decurved branches, Leaves sometimes acute the top and subcordate at the base, coriaceous, nearly glabrous except the m! above, nerves arched ; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncles stout, fruiting 1-3 in. long ; brac leaf-like, but thinner. Flowers imbricate, rusty-pubescent, greenish-brown. Per iaaii tube cylindric ; lobes 5, ovate ; scales white, petaloid. Fruit nearly 4 in. long, 89." globose, on a short stout pedicel, ribbed, often bearing at its base the split perum. tube, tip conical, glabrous, marked by two opposite whitish-yellow lines.—M y specimens have no flowers, and the description is taken from Griffith. Ihave seen no Te specimens, Kurz’s L. siamense is identical with scandens. ab Phalería.] CXXX. THYMELEACEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 199 9. PHALERIA, Jack. Trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers 2-sexual, in terminal or lateral sessile heads; bracts involucriform, leafy, deciduous. Perianth-tube elongate; lobes 4-6, spreading; scales 0. Stamens 8-12, 2-seriate, exserted, filaments filiform; anthers small. Disk cupular or annulate. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform, stigma capitate. Drupe naked, succulent or fleshy, endocarp coriaceous or hard, 1-2-celled. Testa thin; albumen 0.—Species about 8, Eastern Asiatic, Malayan and Australian. P. cauliflora, Benth. in: Gen. Pi. iii. 199; quite glabrous, leaves -9 in. shortly petioled oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate , base acute, flowers in subsessile heads on the sides of the branches, perianth glabrous, margins of lobes pubescent. Beddome For. Man. 180, t. 25, f. 5. Tymispermum cauliflorum, Phwaites Enum. 251. CEYLON; in the Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. . A small elegant tree, with long subpendulous branches. Leaves shining, green, rather membranous, base acute; nerves very slender, 8-10 pair, rather arched; petiole 3 in, Perianth 3 in. long, tube slender, lobes rounded. Fruit } in. long, feshy A5 broad, obliquely obovoid or turgid, subacute, narrowed into a short stipes, > . ° 10. GYRINOPS, Gert. Trees. Leaves alternate, shinàng. Flowers 2-sexual, in terminal sub- Panicled umbels, ebracteate. Perianth-tube slender; lobes 5, spreading ; scales above the stamens connate in a ring. Stamens 5; anthers subsessile, unective very thick. Disk 0. Ovary long-stalked, 2-celled; style subu- Seed Stigma ovoid. Capsule stipitate, compressed, loculicidally 2-valved. eds ovoid, with a long tail-like appendage, testa crustaceous, inner coat ck, albumen 0.— Species 2, a South Indian and Moluccan. du Wella, Gertn. Fruct. ii. 276, t. 140; glabrous except i silky S and young foliage, leaves oblong or elliptic caudate-acuminate, nerv Yety slender, Meissn in DO. Prodr xiv. 602; Hook. Ie. Pl.t.5; Wight ^ t. 1850; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 303. Crrtoy, common in the warmer parts. . a tree with slender branches and yellowish foliage of a light brown when dry. nna 2-3 in., very variable in breadth, base acute; nerves mere striations, trans- Po > very closely placed ; petiole very short. Umbels few-fld., very shortly peduncled, end i in. long; tube slender, acute at the base; lobes very short, rounded, the cent within. —In Gen. Plant. iii. 200, this is erroneously said to be a native of n Peninsula, 11. AQUILARIA, Lamk. ees Leaves alternate ; nerves slender, parallel. Flowers 2-sexual, in Pa lary and terminal eduncled or subsessile umbellules, ebracteate. $ “han” campanulate ; lobes 5, broad, spreading ; scales above the stamens " ary, connate at the base. Stamens 10; anthers subsessile, oblong ; feet] ive broad. Disk 0. Ovary subsessile, villous, perfectly or imper- or Je celed ; stigma large, subsessile. Capsule compressed, oblanceolate Gyr; vate, loculicidal ; ericarp coriaceous or hard and woody. Seeds o “¢Ps.— Species 2 or 3 E. Asiatic, Malayan and Chinese. l. A. Agallocha, Rox}. Cat, 33, and Fl. Ind. ii.422 ; nearly glabrous 200 OXXX. THYMELEACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aquilaria. except the silky shoots, leaves petioled linear-oblong or lanceolate or oblan- ceolate caudate-acuminate, fruit 134-2 in. oblanceolate acuminate thinly coriaceous glabrous. DC. Prodr. ii. 59; Meissn. in DC. l. c. xiv. 2. 601; Wall. Cat. 7250; Roxb. & Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 199, t. 21; Royle Ill. 173, t. 36, £. 1; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 335; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 882; ? Griff. Notul. iv. 358.—Gyrinopsis species Assamica, Benth. in . Gen. Pl. iii. 200. EASTERN HIMALAYA; Bhotan, Griffith, Assam, Hamilton. KHASIA Mrs., SILHET and TrPPERA HILLS, Roxburgh, &c. MARTABAN HILLS, Kurz. A large evergreen tree. Leaves 2-3) in., thinly coriaceous, shining, sometimes subsilky on the nerves beneath, nerves very many and faint; petiole Jj in. Umbels very many-fid., sessile or shortly peduncled, silky ; flowers white, about equalling their pedicels or shorter. Perianth persistent in fruit, 4-4 in. broad and long, silky without, densely villous within; lobes rounded, ovate, equalling the turgid turbinate iube; scales villous.—I have seen no Martaban specimens, which are described by Kurz as having obovate-cuneate densely tomentose capsules. The figure in the . Linnean Transactions represents a short broad thick capsule, quite like that of 4. ma- laccensis, and very differént from those of the Bhotan and Khasian A. Agallocha. Griffith does not describe the fruit, and I am hence in doubt whether the plant of the Notule is this or malaccensis ; he gives Mergui as a habitat, whence I have seen no specimens.—Eagle or Aloe-wood; Aggur, Beng. 2. A. malaccensis, Lamk. Dict. i. 49, and Jil. t. 356; glabrous except the silky shoots, leaves oblong-lanceolate shortly obtusely caudate- acuminate, fruit 1 in. broadly obovoid yery thick and woody when Pp DC. Prodr. ii. 59; Meissn. in DC. l. c. xiv. 2. 601, excl. citat. of Bent Dict. Sc. Nat. t. 248; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 236. A. ovata, Cav. Diss. vih 377, t. 224.— Rumph. Amb. ii. 34, t. 10. Mazracca, Griffith, Maingay. "TENASSERIMP Kurz.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands. | __ Very similar to A. Agallocha in foliage, which is however rather smaller, and it differs in the much smaller flowers and short broad woody capsule, the valves of which are 1 inch thick at the suture.— The Honble. C. Smith sends from Perak, under the name of Kaya tang Karus, the foliage of what may be another species, the leaves being much broader, with much longer'acuminate tail-like points; it produces Gara, (Taras Gharu, Griffith), the name given to the wood of A. malaccensis. e. b AÀNOMALOUS GENUS (referable to TILIACEX.) GONYSTYLUS, Teijsm. & Binnend. ~ Lofty trees, inner bark not tenacious. Leaves alternate, rigid, many- nerved, glabrous. Flowers small, bisexual, in axillary an terminal peduncled spicate umbels. Perianth short, cup-shaped, 5-cleft, thickly coriaceous, hirsute within, persistent, with a ring of setaceous incurve processes at the base. Stamens very numerous, at the base of the perianta, filaments very short; anthers basifixed, elongate, 2-celled, dehiscing length- wise. Ovary 4-6-celled; style filiform, deflexed, stigma clavate 2-lobeds _ ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit subglobose, 2-5-angled or furrowed, pericarp very thick. Seeds pendulous, oblong» curved, exalbuminous.—Species 3 or 4, Malayan. G. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves 4-5 in. shortl petioled elliptic. oblong acuminate glabrous base rounded, perianth 1 in. diam., fruit ellips® ium long obtuse, unequally 2—4-valved, 6-celled with 3 or more e — Gonystylus.] CXXX. THYMELAACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 201 Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1441). A tree, branches woody with black wrinkled bark, the.young ones and those of the inflorescence finely grey-pubescent. Leaves 14-2 in, diam., quite glabrous and rather shining above, faintly pubescent on the stout midrib beneath, dark brown . when dry ; nerves very numerous, parallel and prominent beneath; petiole i in. Inflorescence apparently forming & narrow erect woody panicle 4-6 in. long with short stout branches. Fruit (unripe) smooth, seated on the perianth, the lobes of which are revolute; valves with walls à in. thick, formed of transverse woody fibres; ` pedicel 4—2 in. long. Seeds (quite unripe) 1-3 in. long, semicircular, quite flat.— This differs from the Javan G. Miquelianus, Teijsm. & Binn. (in Bot. Zeit. 1862, 265, Miquel Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 132, f. 4), in the much smaller flower and fruit. „p dncanus again has flowers very much smaller than in G. Maingayi. For the er of this genus to Tiliacee see Baillon, Hist. Pl. vi. 122, and Adansonia, xi. OrpER CXXXI. ELIJIEAGNACEJE. Shrubs or trees, with copious silvery or brown scales. Leaves alternate oF opposite, quite entire, exstipulate. Flowers small, regular, 1-2-sexual, in pxilary fascicles or cymes, white or yellow. Perianth in the 2-sexual and female fl. tubular, 2—6-cleft, in the'male of Hippophae of 2 membranous sepals. tamens adnate to the perianth-tube, in the male fl. twice as many as the obes, in the 2-sexual as many as the lobes and opposite them. Ovary free, celled ; style filiform, stigma lateral; ovule 1, basal, erect, anatropous. Fruit indehiscent, enclosed in the perianth-tube. Seed ascending, albumen 0 ft scanty; embryo straight, axile, cotyledons thick, radicle inferior.— enera 3, species 16, North Temp. and Tropical regions. Perianth 4-fid ee ee ew we ee ew ew ee n S > 1a ELEAGNUS. Perianth of g 2-partite, membranous, of 9 2-fid. . . . . . . 2. HIPPOPHAE. 1. ELIEAGNUS, Linz. Perianth-tube oblong or globose, constricted above the ovary ; limb val- vately 4-cleft, deciduous. Stamens 4, on the mouth of the corolla. Style “ar, included, stigma lateral.—Species about 12. "E E. hortensis, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc.ii. 112; arboreous, branches fl k brown, leaves deciduous ovate-oblong or linear-oblong silvery beneath, jo S 1-3-nate, fruit ellipsoid-oblong, endocarp thick bony. Schlecht. in * Prodr, xiv. 609; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1056; Brand. For. FT. 389. t. 159 9 stifolia, Linn.; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xi. t. 549; Sibth. Fl. Grac. i14 Bot. Reg. t. 1156. E. orientalis, Linn. Mant. 41; Pall. Fl. Ross. nd -5. E. Mooreroftii, Wall. Cat. 4031; Schlecht. in DC. l. c. an. tay, ESTERN TIBET, alt, 5- ., Moorcroft, Thomson, &e. WESTERN HIMA- in fo, 6-7000 ft., Edgeworth Disrarn. Wetwardé to Spain, Western and Central ina. tree, 12-30 ft. hi h, often spinous, young silvery. Leaves 1-3 in., obtuse, long faint ; petiole 4 in. Flowers Phedicelld, yellow, fragrant. Pete i et in. long’ c very, campanulate above, teeth triangular-ovate. Style glabrous. t Zin. ong, red, dry or fleshy. 2. B, umbellata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 66, t. 14; shrubby, leaves deci- duons oblong-lanceolate silvery beneath, flowers clustered, fruit small ri pra and contracted at both ends or subglobose, endocarp coriaceous D d woolly within. Schlecht. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 614; Maximov. Diagn. ee. vill, 560; Brand. For, Fl. 391; Gamble Man, Ind. Timb. 318. E. 202 CXXXI. ELHAGNACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Elæagnus. parvifolia, Wall. Cat. 4026; Royle IIl. 323, t. 81, f. 1; Bot. Reg. xxix. t. 51. E. reflexa, Dene. & Morren in Ann. de Hort. Paris, 1841. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Nepal, alt. 3-10,000 ft.—DISTRIB. Affghanistan, N. China, Japan. Branches often thorny, not so dark as E. hortensis. Leaves 1-2} in., obtuse, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, nerves obscure; petiole l in. Flowers pedi- * celled, appearing with the leaves, white, fragrant. Perianth } in., silvery, tube slender, narrowly funnel-shaped, teeth broadly triangular-ovate. Fruit j in. long, succulent.—I follow Maximovicz in referring E. reflexa to this, but the only specimen so called that I have seen is from Thuret’s garden (Antibes) and is E. latifolia. 3. E. pyriformis, Hook. f.; shrubby, leaves persistent ? oblong or elliptie subsilvery beneath, flowers clustered, fruit very small very shortly pedicelled pyriform acute at both ends, endocarp crustaceous smooth glabrous within. UrPzR Assam; Mishmi Hills, or the Lohits near Koondilak, Griffith. | Branches brown, none silvery, obscurely scaly. Leaves. 2-3 in., obtuse or sub- acute, rusty-brown above when dry, young only silvery beneath, older discoloured ; petiole 3-i in. Flowers not seen. Fruit 1-1 in. long, turgid, clothed with ap- pressed brown hardly shining scales, turbinately narrowed below ; top mammillate or beaked.—The fruit is quite unlike that of any other species. . 4. E. latifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 177 (excl. syn.) ; shrubby, erect or scandent, leaves ovate oblong elliptic or almost rounded obtuse or acute, sil- very or rusty beneath, flowers usually many in a cluster, fruit large linear- oblong, endocarp coriaceous ribbed woolly within. Schlecht.in DC. Prodr. xiv. 610; Maximov. Diagn. viii. 560; Brand. For. F1. 390, t. 46; Wight Ic. t. 1856 ; Wall. Cat. 4098; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 317 ; Beddome, Fl. Sylv.t. 180; Thwaites Enum. 252 (excl. syn. parvifolia). ` E. conferta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 440, and Ed. Carey & Wail. i. 460; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 331. E. arborea, Roxb. l. c. 441, and Ed. Carey & Wall. 461; Schlecht. l. c. 611; Wall. Cat. 4097; Don Prodr. 67. E. armata, Ham. mss. E. ferruginea, A Rich. Monogr. Eleagn. 387, 404; Schlecht. l. c. 610; Wall. Cat. 4029. E. Thwaitesii & Wallichiana, Schlecht. 1. c. 611, 619... E. Kologa, Schlecht. pa i Dalz. & Gibs: Bomb. Fl, 224, E. elliptica, Herb. Heyne. E. Simom, ort. SUBTROPICAL and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kumaon, alt. 2-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft. ; Bhotan and the Mishmi Hills. Kmasra Mrs., alt. 0-5500 ft. BzNGAL, at Comilla, Clarke. Cuirtacone, J. D. H 4 T. T. TENASSERIM, Griffith. PENANG, Maingay. DECCAN PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, ascending to 7000 ft. CEYLON, ascending to 5000 ft.—DrisrEis. Burma, Malay Islands, China. . °. A bush small tree or climber, very variable in habit, trunk sometimes 6 in. diam.; branches often spinescent. Leaves 4-5 in., very variable, thin or coriaceous, from almost rounded to elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate, silvery Or bright rusty-red beneath; petiole 1—3 in. Flowers often very numerous, pedicel lengthen- ing in fruit. Perianth campanulate, lobes very broad? Fruit 3-14 in. long, elliptic- oblong, fleshy, red, acid, ribs 8, strong.—Roxburgh figures the flowers as white; they are of a pale yellow, but probably vary. 2. HIPPOPEAE, Linz. Dicecious shrubs or small trees, often spinescent. Leaves alternate; narrow. MALE FL. in axillary clusters, bracts deciduous. Periant-Se- ments 2, opposite. Stamens 4. FEMALE FL. solitary. Perianth tubulat 2-dentate. Fruit a membranous utricle enclosed in the succulent periant Hippophae.] ^— cxxxr mumAoNAcEX, (J. D. Hooker.) 203 Seed oblong, testa crustaceous, shining, albumen scanty.—Species 2, Europe and N. Asia. ,l. H. rhamnoides, Linn. ;—Schlecht. in DC. Prodr. xiv. 607, and in nnæa xxxi. 296; leaves from obovate to linear-oblong, not tomentose, clothed beneath with short silvery or rusty circular scales. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1v: 1055; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 549; Brand. For. Fl. 388; Gamble Man. Ind. Timbers, 317. H. tibetana, Schlecht. in Linnea l. c. Nonrg-WzsrERN HIMALAYA; in the beds of streams of the inner drier ranges, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 7000-12,000 ft. WESTERN TIBET, ascending to 15,000 ft. arate. Affghanistan and westwards to N. and Middle Europe, N. and Central A thorny shrub or small tree, with rigid branches and silvery twigs and leaves. aves j-2 in., narrowed into the short petiole, above sparsely scaly when young, green and glabrous in age, beneath clothed with circular toothed scales. Flowers on 2e old wood ; male minute ; perianth-segments oblong ; filaments short. ruit in. diam, oblong or globose, orange yellow or scarlet, —Excessively variable in habit, and in the density of the foliage, and the breadth and shape of the leaves. 2. H. salicifolia, Do» Prodr. 68; leaves linear-lanceolate densely clothed beneath with white or rusty stellate hairs and some circular scales. Schlecht. in DO Prodr. xiv. 607, and in Linnea xxxi. 295; Brand. For. Fi. 387, H. conferta, Wall. Cat. 4032 ;, Royle Ill. 323. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Jamu to Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft. A willow-like shrub, 10-20 ft., with lateral thorns. Leaves 2~4 in., dull green and glabrous or pubescent above, margius usually recurved, midrib often rusty red. ` oeras in H. rhamnoides, but fruit smaller (always ?).—Different as this plant looks a its ordinary condition from H. rhamnoides, I expect that it will prove a form of t due to the moister climate which it affects. OrpER CXXXII. BLORANTHACEE. Parasitic evergreen shrubs. Leaves usually opposite, entire, exstipulate, . Sometimes absent. Flowers 1-2-sexual, racemed spicate or fascicled, usually Tacteate and often 2-bracteolate. Calyx adnate to the ovary, limb St. cate or. 0, rarely toothed. Petals 4-8, free or connate, valvate in pud. amens equal to and opposite the corolla-lobes, usually inserted. on t em. ad, “ry Inferior, 1-celled ; style short or long, stigma simple ; ovule 1, erect, nate all round to the walls of the ovary. Fruit a l-seeded berry or ie Seed adnate to the pericarp, albumen fleshy; embryo straig "v to cle Superior ——Genera 13, native of tropical and a few of tempera Untries ; species about 500. . Flowers 2-soxual 20... « 1. LORANTRUS. ilex 505075 7 0 0 07 077 Y ntiers adnate to the petals, opening by pores . . - . 2 VISCUM. uthers on the middle of the petals i dehiscing transversely 3. ARCBUTHOBIUM. nthers at the base of the petals, many-celled « . + 4. NOTOTHIXOS. nthers af the base of the petals, 2-celled . . . - e © 5. GiNALLOA. 1l LORANTHUS, Linz. Leaves o : Petals free or more or Pposite or alternate. Flowers 2-sexual. Peta : lesg connate into a tubular corolla with spreading tips. Stamens pig Mostly Petals, anthers adnate or versatile, cells parallel.—Species abou , tropical. el 1 204 OXXXIL LORANTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Loranthus. Sect. I. Buloranthus. Flowers small under 4 in.; bract scale-like or hollow; bracteoles 0. Petals 4-6, free. -Anthers ovate or oblong, base obtuse, cells unequal or one suppressed. 1. L. odoratus, Wall. in Roxb, Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey § Wall. ii. 215, and Cat. 505; quite glabrous, leaves subopposite elliptic or lanceolate, flowers minute opposite or fascicled on axillary spikes, petals 6 free. Don Prodr. 143; DC. Prodr. iv. 294, L. hexapetalus, Ham. mss. NEPAL, Wallich; E. Nepal and Sikkim, alt. 7000 ft., J. D. H. Khasia Mts. on oaks, alt. 5—6000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T. (Loranth. 27, 28). Bushy, bark dark. Leaves 3-5 in., fleshy, narrowed into a petiole, often falcate, penninerved, nerves slender. Spikes 1-2} in., strict, solitary or fascicled; flowers 4-4 in. yellowish, sweet-scented. Ovary with the base sunk in the rachis ; caly limb short; style very stout, stigma capitate. Petals spathulate, j in. long; buds clavate. . Fruit ellipsoid, glabrous. 2. L. Lobbii, Hook. f.; leaves opposite sessile ovate-lanceolate fro’ rounded or acute base glabrous, flowers minute sessile fascicled in smal sessile clusters, calyx rusty-tomentose, petals 4 free puberulous. PrnanG, Lobb, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 695/2), Curtis. . «kl Branches terete; bark pale, obscurely puberulous. Leaves 2}-4 in., thic 4 coriaceous, almost nerveless, obtusely acuminate, minutely impressed-punctate throug the contraction of the tissues on both surfaces which are similar. Flowers some times 1-sexual; clusters 6-20-fld., 1-3 in. diam. Petals 2 in. long, linear, obtuse, pu* berulous, free; buds oblong, tip rounded. Ovary globose; calyx-limb shortly tubular. Style clavate, stigma obtuse. Fruit à in. long, puberulous, ellipsoid.—This 1s the . plant referred to in Gen. Plant. iii. 208 as from Moulmein, and possibly L. axanthus, Korth. The Moulmein habitat is an error ; there are 3 specimens of it in the Kew Herbarium, all from Lobb, and all bear his number 338: of these one is stated to be from Java, asecond from Penang, and athird from Moulmein. As, however, Maingay § specimens are from Penang, so no doubt are all the others. It differs from the ote matran L. azanthus, Korth. (Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. 1. 834), in the subsessile leaves anf other characters. There are very imperfect specimens of probably this species from Borneo (Beccari, 2378). 3. L. nodiflorus, Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 184; leaves opposite petioled elliptic acute or acuminate glabrous, flowers small sessile fasci 1n sessile clusters, calyx rusty-tomentose, petals 4 free glabrous. CEYLON, Walker; in forests of the Ambagamowa District, Thwaites. t Branches terete, thickly lenticellate. Leaves 2}-3 in., thickly coriaceous, almos nerveless, tissue contracted as in Z. ZLobbii. Flowers in small clusters. Ovary globose. Style filiform, stigma hemispheric ; calyx-limb short, dilated. Petals 3 n. long, linear, obtuse, quite glabrous ; buds linear, tip obtuse. SrcT. II. Phoenicanthemum. Flowers small, not 1 in. long; gpicate or racemose, 2-sexual; bract scale-like, bracteoles 0. Corolla lobes or Seg" ments 4—5, reflexed symmetrically ; buds often clavate at the tip. Anthert oblong, erect, continuous with the filament, 2-celled. PHGNICANTHEMU (Gen.), Miquel. ` * Racemes or spikes very many-fld., quite glabrous. 4. &. Wallichianus, Schultz. Syst. vii. 100; quite glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate petioled elliptic obtuse penninerved, racemes sen ds fascicled shorter than the leaves, flowers 4 in. 4-merous, glabrous, 74 straight subcylindric obtuse, ovary smooth. DO. Prodr. xvi. 294; W9 | Loranthus.] © cxxxi. romawTHAcEE, (J. D. Hooker.) . 205 I.t.143; Wight § Arn. Prodr. 381; Dale. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl 109. L. polystachyus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 217; Wall. Cat. 509." L. terrestris & tetrandrus, Heyne mss. - DECCAN PENINSULA ; on the Western Ghats, from the Concan southwards, Branches terete, bark pale, dotted. Zeaves 23-4 in., very coriaceous, base acute, herves slender ; petiole 4 in., stout. Racemes 1-3 in., suberect ; pedicels 4-4 in. ; tact concave, gibbous. Flower erect, then spreading, pale red. Ovary globose’; calyx-limb annular, Corolla 4.cleft ; style slender, stigma capitate. Fruit j in., ovoid, rugose. 5. L. intermedius, Wight mss.; quite glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate petioled elliptic or broadly ovate obtuse penninerved, racemes rather stout solitary or fascicled shorter than the leaves, flowers j-$ in. merous glabrous, buds curved subcylindric, ovary smooth. L. Blumeanus, Wight mss. in part. . DECCAN PENINSULA; Shevagerry Hills and Kha]sa Range, alt. 3500 ft., Wight iz atri 1234) Nilghiri and kurg Mts, G. p em (Loranth. 37, Herb. Very near Z. Wallichianus, and perhaps a large state of that plant, but the leaves are arger and broader, the racemes more robust, and flowers much larger. It is inter- mediate between R. Wallichianus and R. obtusatus. 8. L. obtusatus, Wall. Cat. 526; glabrous, leaves subopposite long- Petioled ovate or elliptic obtuse penninerved, racemes solitary stout shorter nthe leaves, flowers 3-lin. 4-merous glabrous, buds 4-angled, ovary mos. Wight & Arn. Prodr. 381; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 109. D. ameanus, Wight mss. in part. P DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Ghats from the Concan southwards. FOX oi Branches robust, lenticellate, bark pale. Leaves 3-5 in., sometimes 34 in. diam., TY coriaceous, nerves slender; petiole 3-1 in. Racemes strict, erect; flowers ti vias or scattered; pedicels 1-1 in. Ovary ovoid; calyx angular. Corolla not —m Ab the base, Style slender, stigma capitate. Fruit ovoid, closely rugulose. * petiole is much longer in this than in Wallichianus and intermedius. a i L. pulcher, DC. Prodr. iv. 295; quite glabrous, leaves opposite en alternate shortly petioled oblong- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate penni- Ee, Spikes or racemes subterminal solitary or fascicled, rachis very mi 42 flowers 1 in. 5-merous glabrous, buds straight constricted in the rie obtuse terete. L. speciosus, Wall. Cat. 518. L. coccineus, Hook mE ore t. 58 (not of p. 278). Dendrophthoe pulcher, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. , " Penave, Porter, Phillips. and shining apot, terete; bark pale, smooth. feae 5-7 i stri above, nerves faint spreading ; petiole 4 in., very ro : erecto rather dense-fld. to the base, rachis stout, terete, pedicels 35-3 in., stout ; flowers ò “Patent, Ted; bract boat-shaped, Ovary short ; calyx-limb annular. m ja- ther inflated, terete, tip 5-cleft. Style rather stout, stigma hardly capitate. e ra ~I th; 1 r ' form oo iure in Bot. Misc. given as of L. coccineus undoubtedly is a 4-merous in., very coriaceous, pale ust. Racemes or spikes 8 . " : li = lanceolate BIS Bi, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves subopposite petioled linear- Ceolate acumi . * " l er t stri inate penninerved, spikes terminal Jong n very robust, flowers 1 in. 4-5 moroüs hoary, buds terete obtuse. ASSERIM ; on Donnatoung, alt, 2000 ft., Parish. : Branches very stout; bark black, smooth, shining. Leaves 5-7 by 1-1} in. 206 CXXXII. LORANTHACEX, (J. D. Hooker) [Loranthus. very coriaceous, smooth and shining, and probably flaccid when fresh; nerves many, horizontal, very obscure ; base narrowed into a stout petiole 3 in. Spike erect, many- fid. ; rachis very stout, naked towards the base; flowers erecto-patent, scarlet, quite sessile; bract boat-shaped; calyx subglobose, limb obsolete. Corolla 4-5-cleft to the middle; bud more swollen at the top than the base. Style stout, stigma capitate. —A very distinct plant. 9. L. ensifolius, Thwaites Enum. 134; quite glabrous, leaves sub: opposite petioled narrowly falcately lanceolate acuminate 3-7-nerved, nerves parallel, racemes axillary and terminal slender equalling the leaves.or shorter, pedicels slender, bracteole minute. CEYLON ; at Ratnapoora, alt. 1000 ft., Thwaites. Branches black and opaque when dry. Leaves 3—5 by 1-1} in., thinly coriaceous, opaque, dark brown when dry, narrowed into a petiole 1-1 in. Racemes solitary or 2 together, erect; pedicels 4 in. Ovary ellipsoid; calyx-limb annular. Corolla un- known. Style filiform, 3 in.; stigma capitellate.—The parallel nerves at once dis- tinguish this species. 10. L. pentapetalus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 553; ii. 211, and Ed. Carey & Wail. ii. 290; quite glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate petioled ovate or elliptic acute or acuminate penninerved, spikes axillary erect strict stout longer than the.leaves, flowers à in. 4-5-merous glabrous base suddenly inflated and 5-angled, style jointed at the middle. DC. Prodr. iv. 295; Wall. Pl. As, Rar. iti. t. 225, and Cat. 503; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 322; Grif. Notul. iv. 617, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 624, 625; Blume Fl. Jav. Loranth. 39, t. 14,and 28 A. L. polycarpus, Wall. Cat. 540. L. erythrostachyus, Wall. mss. Phoenicanthemum pentapetalum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 823. Dendrophthoe pentapetala, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 419. NzPAL, Wallich, J. D. H., and from Assam, SILHET and CAcHAR to MALACCA, PzNANG and SINGAPORE, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 691, 692).— DISTRIB. Ava, Yunan, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. Branches stout, terete; bark dark, smooth. Leaves 2—4 in., coriaceous, dark brown or black when dry, nerves very faint ; petiole 4-8 in., rather slender. Spikes solitary and in pairs, dense- or lax-fld. ; rachis very stout, naked below ; flowers erect, then spreading, quite sessile; bracteole ovate, ciliolate. Ovary terete, shortly cylindric ; calyx-limb annular, obscurely toothed. Corolla-lobes reflexed from the middle; bud constricted in middle, tip clavate. Style slender above the joint, stigma capitellate. Fruit ellipsoid, truncate.—The style of this species is very characteristic, the lower part where embraced by the corolla-tube being 5-angled. ** Racemes or spikes very many-flowered, pubescent or tomentose. | 11. E. coccineus, Jack in Mal. Mise. i. 8, and in Hook. Bot. Mist- i. 278 (excl. t. 58) ; rusty-tomentose, leaves opposite and alternate petiole ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate Pose rounded or cordate, spike’ or racemes axillary strict erect, pedicels very short, corolla 3 in. 4-cle straight, base rather swollen and 4-angled, fruit ovoid long-necked. Roxb. | Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey § Wall. ü. 215; DC. Prodr. iv. 296; Griff. Notul. iv. 620, and Jc. Pl. Asiat. t.626. L. racemiferus, Wall, Cat. 539. Phonics themum coccineum & Bennetianum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 825, 942- Dendrophthoe coccinea, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 419. CacHan, Keenan. Prau, M'Clelland. Tenasserim, Wallich, &c. a Grifith (Kew Distrib. 2718). SINGAPORE, Jack.—DISTRIB. Ava, : Borneo. ae Branches long, terete, stout, lenticellate; bark pale. Leaves 3-6 in., very Reva ceous, variable in size and shape, nerves very faint; petiole 1-3 in. Spr racemes very variable in length ; rachis stout; pedicels very short and stout ; bra Loranthus.] CXXXII. LoRANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 207 gibbosely boat-shaped ; flowers scarlet. Ovary ovoid, narrowed below the cupular 4-toothed calyx-limb. Corolla-segments spreading, narrow. Style slender, stigma capitate. Fruit flagon-shaped, neck crowned by the 4-toothed calyx.—It is curious that Jack does not describe the inflorescence of his L. coccineus as being pubescent. —Under Z. pulcher I have referred to the figure given in the Bot, Misc, as L. coccineus, 12. L. Hookerianus, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 381; young leaves and inflorescence mealy or rusty-pubescent, leaves subopposite petioled oblong- or elliptic-ovate or lanceolate obtuse or subacute penninerved, spikes axillary strict erect about equalling the leaves, flowers + in. puberulous 4-merous, A subterete, ovary depressed-globose, calyx-limb 4-lobed. Thwaites num, 134. i DzocAN PENINSULA; at Courtallam, Wight. CEYLON; Batticaloa, Gardner ; tral Province, Thwaites. Branches terete, lenticellate, bark dark. Leaves 2-3 in., coriaceous, dark brown when dry, nerves very faint, base acute; petiole 4-3 in., rather slender. Spikes solitary or in pairs; rachis stout, pitted by the flowers; bracteole small, orbicular. Ovary oblate ; calyx-limb dilated. Corolla orange-red, segments linear ; buds straight, Slightly swollen at the base. Style stout, stigma capitate. Fruit small, globose, . owned with the cupular calyx. 13. I. Wightii, Hook.f; young leaves and flowers mealy or puberu- lous, leaves opposite and alternate small petioled elliptic obtuse, spikes Tather shorter than the leaves strict erect, flowers $ in. 4-merous, buds base not swollen, calyx-limb entire, ovary globose. L. Arnottianus, Wight mss. (not of Korthals). DECCAN PENINSULA; rtallam, Wight. . A small shrub; branches rather slender, terete, pale, bark rough. Leaves 1-1} in., When dry, coriaceous, base acute; nerves slender, lower 2-3 pair nearly parallel to the margin; petiole 1-1 in., rather slender. Spikes solitary or in pairs; rachis stout ; bracteole orbicular and ovary and corolla clothed with a mealy scurf. Corolla- tube straight, base not inflated ; segments long, connate, linear-spathulate. Style slender, lengthening after flowering, stigma capitate. Min Spikes or racemes with 1-2 pairs of flowers. 14. L. li in Roxb. FU Ind. Ed. Carey 4 Wall. ii. 219, and Cat 513; young peris nal dowers rusty-pubescent, leaves opposite and alternate petioled lanceolate obtuse or acute penninerved, rds axillary very short with 1-2 pairs of flowers, flowers $ in. dome p 8 P. rete base swollen 4-angled, calyx-limb entire. DC. Prodr. iv. 294; Don "dr. 143; Brand. For, Fl. 395. TROPICAT, HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft. CHITTAGONG, H. & T. T. Apparently t i i t parasite? Branches stout, terete, closely lenticellate, bark pale, Lorne TUN in, brown or black when dry, very soripseous, nerveg obscure, base acute ; petiole 4-1 in. Racemes single or in pairs, spread B Ein, long ; rachis rigid, glabrous; flowers very shor:ly pedicelled ; brac ^ Aeflexed Bree, orbicular, Ovary urceolate; calyx-limb short. Coretta ond x stigma E. ™ the middle, pink or scarlet, linear; bud straight, obtuse. Style a er, sug “ate.—The parasitism of this and the following should be examined. 419. Ti. terrestris, Hook. f; quite glabrous, leaves opposite and : axillar ie nate Petioled lanceolate obtuse or acute penninerved, rons, buds sub- or long with 1-2 pairs of flowers, flowers $in. 4-merous, 208 CXXXIL LORANTHAOEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Loranthus. terete base swollen 4-angled, calyx-limb entire. L. ligustrinus, Herb. Ind, Or. H. f. & T. in part. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 1-3000 ft. J. D. H. & T. T. Very similar to L. ligustrinus, and always growing from. the ground, and hence ' probably a root parasite, quite glabrous, leaves thinner with more distinct nerves, racemes sometimes 2 in. long.—Dr. Thomson and I gathered this plant at seven or eight places at various localities all over the Khasia Mts., and never found it attached to an aerial tree-branch. It either replaces L. ligustrinus or is a remarkable form of that plant. I find no traces of ferruginous pubescence on it. Secr. III. Heteranthus. Flowers 1-1} in., axillary, cymose or race- mose; bract scale-like ; bracteoles 0. Petals 4-6, free; buds straight or incurved, tip not clavate. -Anthers very slender, continuous with the fila- ment, 2-celled. 16. E. heteranthus, Wall. Cat. 597; very robust, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate shortly petioled elliptic or oblong-lanceolate or linear obtuse or subacute thickly coriaceous penninerved and striolate, racemes longer than the leaves very stout curved sparse-fld., pedicels very stout, ovary cylindric, buds 1-13 in. curved slender acute, petals 6. DC. Prodr. v. 306. L. eleutheropetalus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, ii. 64, and For. Flor. u. 321. Dendrophthoe macrocalyx, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 821. BurMa; Martaban, Wallich, Brandis.—DisTRIB. Java, Borneo. Branches terete; bark smooth, dark. Leaves 3-5 in., very variable in breadth, ` pale yellow-brown when dry, nerves very obscure, base acute, narrowed into the very stout petiole 1-3 in. Racemes solitary or in pairs, 3-5 in., rachis and pedicels very stout ; bract orbicular, concave. Calyx } in. narrow, limb cupular entire. Corolla- buds slender, linear, red; segments very slender. -Anthers twice as long as the fila- ment. Style filiform, stigma simple.— Kurz describes the flowers as at first minutely puberulous. Secr. IV. Cichlanthus. Flowers in axillary fascicles, rarely race- mose, usually scurfily or mealy-tomentose; bract scale-like; bracteoles 0. Calyx hardly produced above the ovary. Corolla long, curved, scurfy, 4- rarely 5-lobed, and deeply cleft behind. Anthers narrow, cells indistinct. Fruit clavate turbinate or pyrifornf, except L. vestitus. * Leaves mealy or scurfy on both surfaces, rarely glabrescent. Fruit pyritorm or clavate. 17. A. seurrula, Linn.;—Kurz For. Fl. ii. 319; young shoots and inflorescence covered with short soft white or rusty tomentum, leaves opposite petioled or sessile ovate elliptic oblong cordate or obovate obtuse or subacute penninerved glabrous or tomentose beneath, flowers in axillary very sho subracemose fascicles pedicelled, ovary pyriform, corolla 1 in. very slender usually curved terete, tube split, lobes 4 short, bud terete, tip subclavate acute or obtuse, berry pyriform tomentose. y Throughout INDIA; from the Sikkim Himalaya and Bengal southwards to Singapore; and from Behar, Central India and the Concan, southwards to Travancore and CEYLON. à _ ,Alarge bush, very variable in amount of pubescence, form and size of leaves, an in inflorescence; bark smooth or lenticellate, usually pale. Leaves rarely ex ing 3 in. coriaceous; nerves slender; petiole rarely $ in. Inflorescence if racemose rarely j in. long; pedicels long or short. Ovary with the base often lengthening into. a pedicel as the fruit ripens; calyx-limb very short, entire. Corolla varia in length, j-l in., very slender, buff or pink, lobes acute, Filaments short. Loranthus.) cxxxit. tonawTHAcEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 209 filiform, sometimes obscurely jointed a little way below the tip (opposite the base of the corolla-lobes), stigma minute. Fruifiin.—I am in doubt as to whether all the following varieties are really referable to one species, and whether, if so, some others should not be included under it. Kurz, who was the first to bring L. obtectus and grandiflorus under L. Scurrula, confines the type plant to a form with solitary or twin flowers ; but this is obviously an abnormal condition, and his mis proper does not appear to be distinguishable. from his var. buddleioides, which take to be the common and typical form of the species.. I have refrained from _ quoting any Malayan Archipelago species as synonymous, but I suspect that several of these, as Z, obovatus, L. sphenoideus, and L.repandus, all of Blume, are referable L. Scurrula. L. Scurrula proper ; leaves petioled from oblong to obovate and rounded or cordate flo young clothed on both surfaces and old beneath-with pale appressed tomentum, t wers fascicled rusty or grey. L. Scurrula, DC. Prodr. iv. 801; Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 140; FL Ind. i. 550 and ii. 186, and Ed. Carey 4 Wall. ii. 206; Wall. Cat. E 7 (specimens very bad, perhaps a mixture). L. buddleioides, Desrouss. in Lamk. Hoes nt. 600; DC. Z. e. 302 ; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 383; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. FI. tet L. Heyneanus, Wall. Cat. 528, L. Heynii, DC. l.c-300. L. pyrifolius, Wall. oe 6869. L. cinnamomeus, Wall. Cat. 537; DC. l.c. 300.—Loranth No. 19, peach à Ind. Or. H. f. & T.—Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 3-6000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. — Silhet and the Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft., Wallich, Griffith (Kew Distrib. Pao, Tenasserim, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 2728). Malacca, Griffith. Deccan eninsula, from the Ganges to Travancore, abundant. Ceylon, ascending to 4000 ft. „ar. bengalensis ; leaves sessile or subsessile ovate glabrous when mature, flowers No ^. rustily tomentose, corolla i-$ in. curved less slender pale buff. Loranth. Distrig Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.—Àssam, Khasia Mts. and Silhet, Griffith (Kew TT 2722, 2734), J. D. H. & T. T. Dacca, Clarke. Noakoly, J. D. H. 4 pe er. obtecta, Kurz For. FI. ii. 319 ; leaves shortly petioled giabrous when mature, v ng very short, flowers racemose scurfily and, rustily tomentose } in. long, corolla Aye ‘lender. L. obtectus, Wail. Cat. 534. L. concavifolius, Griff. Notul. iv. 615.— * Wallich, Malacca, Griffith. Kaints lævigata ; like var. obtecta, but petiole longer, and flowers less scurfily tiri S L. rufidulus & levigatus, Wall. Cat. 535, 536; DC. l. e. 302.—Tenas- var 2, lich, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 2715, 2731). Malacca, Griffith.—Very near 9raciliftora, Ar graciliflora, Kurz lc. 319; leaves elliptic adult glabrous, petiole } in., à A 1-lin. in short racemes very slender much curved hoary with pale or dark Bija. egg, l« gracililorus, Wall. Caf. 521; DC. l.c. 300, L. obovatus, Blume Ll 63, and Fl. Jav. Loranth, t. 9. Dendrophthoe obovata, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. mallioa Sikkim, alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H. Bhotan, Griffith. Assam and Silhet, Timo, ^ Grifità (Kew Distrib. 2714). Chittagong, J. D. H. d T. T. Also 22 18. x. cordifolius, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. Hand Cat, 517; branches and leaves on both surfaces (except in age) entum, leaves opposite usually broadly ovate base rounded or fascicled on a short peduncle el . ie me white or tawny appressed tom rather long-petioled orbicular or very » tip obtuse or rounded, flowers 2-1 in. ! ensely rufous or white-tomeritose, tip of bud very acute, ovary m tm, corolla slender curved terete, tube split, lobes 4 short acute, For, pyriform tomentose. DC. Prodr. iv. 302; Don Prodr. 143; Brand. "FL 396. p, buddleioides, Thwaites Enum. in part, 136. r. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft. ; from Kashmir, Brandis, and Garwhal, toner, to Nepal, Wallich. CENTRAL INDIA, at Hazaribagh, Vicary.. NILGHIRI 1. ight, at Goodaloor, alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. CEYLON, Thwaites. . differing in its greater sizc, 1$ 18 hard] . l tho y more than a.variety of Z. Scurrula, . ter si a and cordate leaves and “the copious white tomentum, which gives it a o V. P 210 CXXXII. LORANTHACEÆ. (J.D. Hooker.) [ZLoranthus. very different aspect from the ordinary state of L. scurrula, of which Wight and Arnott indeed suggest its being a variety. The Ceylon specimens are beautifully white, 19. L. ferrugineus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 551, ii. 188 ( ferruginosus), and - Ed. Carey § Wall. ii. 207; branchlets and leaves beneath clothed with close rusty scurfy tomentum, leaves opposite shortly petioled elliptic obtuse glabrous above base rounded, flowers }-1 in. in axillary sessile or shortly peduncled fascicles pedicelled densely rusty villous, calyx turbinate, limb entire, corolla slender terete, tube split, lobes 4, fruit pyriform villous. DC. Prodr. iy. 299; Wall. Cat. 500 ; Jack in Mal. Misc.1. 9, and in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 279, t. 59. L. Schultesii, Blume in DC. L. c. 800, and FT. Jav. Loranth.t. 2. L. Oortianus, Korth, fid. Herb. Hort. Caleutt. Dendrophthoe ferruginea, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 420; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat.i. 1.812. D Oortiana, Miquel l. c. 813. PENANG and SINGAPORE, Roxburgh, Wallich, Phillips, &c. MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 2727), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 686).—DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra. Branches terete; bark smooth, dark or grey, minutely lenticellate. Leaves 14- 4 in., very uniform in shape, coriaceous, dark brown or black above when dry, nerves faint; petiole 3-2 in., villous. — Fascicles of flowers solitary or clustered, very variable in length, differing from all states of Z. scurrula in the thick tomentum and less pyriform ovary. Corolla when fresh green within, rufous externally. 20. L. rhopalocarpus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, ii. 62, and For. Fl. ii. 319; branches slender and branchlets leaves beneath and inflo- rescence scurfily tomentose, leaves small opposite and alternate shortly petioled obovate or cuneate glabrate above, flowers in axillary sessile ot shortly peduncled fascicles pedicelled tawny scurfily tomentose, calyx opang limb truncate, corolla } in., tube very slender terete curved s ht 4-lo , fruit elongate narrowly clavate truncate, base with a thickened ring. L cuneatus, Wall. Cat. 541; DC. Prodr. iv. 301, excl. syn. P L. fuscus , Blume Bid. 660, and Fl. Jav. Loranth. 98, t. 7. Dendrophthoe fusca Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 814. Peau and ARRACAN, Kurz. MARTABAN, Wallich; at Moulmein, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 232).—DisTRIB. Java ? ` A small shrub, 1-2.ft.; branches terete; bark dark, minutely lenticellate, of shoots rufous. Leaves 1-2 in., young tawny on both surfaces old glabrous on both, narrowed into the very short petiole, tip rounded, nerves few ascending. Flowers f, “whitish, 3—4 in., somewhat lepidote;" bract minute. Fruit j-3 in. long, gradually narrowed from the truncate tip to the base, which has an annular thickening 1M- mediately above the bract, terete, scurfy.— The very remarkable fruit at once Oi tinguishes this species, of which I have seen no corolla. 21. L. malaccensis, Hook. f.; branches slender, branchlets and inflo- — rescence rusty and scurfily pubescent, leaves small opposite on sien er petioles elliptic obtuse quite glabrous, flowers } in. in axillary fascicles 0t * or more very shortly pedicelled, calyx-tube pyriform, limb truncate con tracted, corolla-tube very slénder terete split in front, lobes 4 acute, subcapitately clavate contracted into a very slender pedicel. Maracoa, Griffith. in. Apparently a small shrub; branches terete, closely lepticellate. Leaves 1 ipi thinly coriaceous, very dark brown when dry, almost shining above, nerve rown spreading; petiole 1-2 in., very slender for the genus, Flowers dark rusty the when dry; bract minute. Corolla-lobes very short, acute. Fruit as long rd der corolla, consisting of a short ellipsoid head suddenly contracted into a long $ f chis ‘pedicel which is not thickened at the base, scurfily pubescent.-— The fruit 0 Loranthus.] CXXXII. LORANTHACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 211 also is very characteristic. The only specimens I have seen are Griffith’s, and they were communicated to Dr. Gardner in Ceylon. ` _ 22. D. thelocarpus, Hook. f.; branchlets and leaves beneath clothed with very fine cinnamon or tawny scurfy stellate tomentum, leaves opposite petioled oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse glabrous above, flowers fascicled on - Short, axillary peduncles pedicelled, fruit clavate papillose contracted into a pedicel with an annular thickened base. Loranthus No. 6, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. § T. CuiTtagone ; at Kazi ke hat, J. D. H. 4 T. T. E Branches stout, terete, sparsely lenticellate, bark grey. Leaves 13-3 in., rigidly coriaceous, dark brown and opaque above, nerves most obscure, base rounded ; petiole i-bin. Flowers not seen; bracts very minute. Fruit } in. long, subumbellate, in- Serted on pedicels half their length, puberulous and bearing naked orbicular pustule- ake tubercles, tip rounded.—A peculiar species, not easily distinguished by words — Tom L. seurrula, except by the very different fruit, which bears papille something Tike a Boerhavia; the leaves also are much more rigid than Z. seurrala. 23. L. pulverulentus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. 221, and Cat. 515; branchlets and young leaves clothed with flocculent white fugacious mealy tomentum, leaves often large opposite long-petioled broadly ovate or ovate-oblong glabrous acute or obtuse, nerves distinct, Owers l in, in solitary or fascicled racemes long-pedicelled scurfily white- tomentose, calyx-limb 0, corolla slender curved, tube terete, split, lobes 4 narrow, fruit clavate mealy. DO. Prodr. iv. 301; Brand. For. Fl. 396; Kurz For, Fr. ii, 818. L. carnosus, Wall. Cat. 552. L.leptanthus, Wall. Cat. 553 (excl. B). | l SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 24000 ft., from Garwhal to Bhotan. Prev and Ava, Kurz, CENTRAL Provinors, Brandis. The Concan, Stocks. Branches robust, terete, usually closely lenticellate; bark dark grey. Leaves very Variable in size, 2-8 im. (much smaller in var. leptanthus), dark brown when dry ; nerves arching, much stronger than in its allies; petiole 1-1 in. Racemes 1-23 in. ; pedicels 4—1 in.; bract minute; flowers green when fresh, white or cream-coloured when dry, Ovary pyriform, top contracted. Style very slender, stigma minute ovoid. d * large, club-shaped," Kurz. . ar. leptanthus ; leaves smaller 1-2 in. elliptic or orbicular very coriaceous nerves acne, corolla 1} in. L.leptanthus, DC. l. c. 299. L.leptanthus, Wall., B. rotun- olia, Cat. 533 B. "Ava, Wallich. ** Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Fruit turbinate. 24. L. umbellifer, Schultz Syst. vi. 97; youngest parts rusty- , Pübescent, leaves opposite and alternate petioled oblong obtuse or acute glabrous, flowers 1-1} in. umbelled or fascicled rarely subracemose on short n Xillary peduncles young hoary, corolla-tube slender curved, lobes 4 short, rut turbinate. DO. Prodr. iv. 301. L. umbellatus, Wall. im Rowb. FT. — Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 222, and Cat. 516; Don Prodr. 143.—Loranth. 972, Herb, Ind. Or. Hf & T. . 500g APERA TE and SUBTROPICAL HrwALAYA, from Nepal to Bhotan, alt. 2- fL, Wallich, &e. Knasta Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., common. both end ; ranches rather stout, grey, lenticellate. Leaves 3-4 in., subacute "a otn ends, -riaceous, nerves distinct, brownish when dry; petiole }-} in. nflorescence Variable, flowers sometimes fascicled on the branches without a common peduncle, at Calg Sübracemose, but with the raceme never more than j in. ; bract small, alyantube minute, ovoid or obovoid, rusty-pubescent; limb very short, obscurely 4- Corolla exceedingly slender in bud, with a clavate obtuse or gabecute tip; 212 CXXXII. LORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Loranthus. tube slightly swollen in flower; lobes not l the length of the tube. Filaments shorter than the anther. Stigma capitate. Fruit 4 in., turbinately obovate with a broad subtruncate top.—Brandis says there is no bract, but small bracteoles at the base of the ovary. I think this is a mistake. Var. clavigera ; flowers perfectly glabrous. L. clavigerus, Wall. Cat. 6873. ? L. clavatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 553, ii. 189, and Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 210. L. Cory- nitis, Spreng. Cur. Post. 140; DC. L c. 317.—Silhet, De Silva & Gomez.—Wallich's specimens are the only ones I have seen. 25. I. elatus, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 58; youngest buds rusty-pubescent, leaves opposite and alternate large long-petioled broadly ovate base rounded or subcordate glabrous, flowers 1-1; in. umbelled orfascicled on short axillary peduncles rarely subracemose young hoary, corolla-tube narrow curved split, lobes short linear-spathulate, fruit turbinate. L. umbellifer, Brand. For. Fl. 397. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; from Simla, Royle, Edgeworth, &e., to Bhotan, Griffith. Very near indeed to L. umbellifer, but the bark is almost black when dry, the * leaves much larger, more coriaceous, of a very different shape and long-petioled, the calyx broader and more truncate, and the tube of the corolla is much less ‘slender in bud; it is further remarkable for the elevation it inhabits. *** Leaves tomentose. Fruit ellipsoid. 96. I. vestitus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 218, and Cat. 511; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath clothed with soft appressed buff or pale rufous tomentum, leaves opposite petioled oblong or ovate- or linear-oblong obtuse glabrous above base acute, flowers }—$ in. in axillary sessile or peduncled fascicles pedicelled rufous-villous, ealyx-limb truncate, corolla terete, buds with rounded clavate tips, tube split, lobes 4 obtuse, fruit ellipsoid at length glabrous. DC. Prodr. iv. 302; Don Prodr. 143; Brand. For. Fl. 396; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 320. ` SUBTROPICAL and WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Garwhal to Nepal. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H. & T. T. ` A large- shrub (erect on oak trees in the Khasia Mts.); branches stout, terete} bark dark, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves 23-4 in., very coriaceons, often bullate, an with recurved margins, pale greenish and shining above, nerves faint; petiole 3-4 p^ Faicicles of flowers solitary or clustered, usually peduncled; flowers smaller than : L. ferrugineus. Corolla-lobes very short, obtuse. Fruit 4-À in. long.—A very distinct species, differing in its fruit from the others of this section. Sect. V. Dendrophthoe. Flowers in axillary clusters or raceme often mealy; bract scale-like; bracteoles 0. Calyx usually produced in a toothed tube above the ovary. Corolla long or short, tube often gibbously inflated, straight or incurved, usually split at the back, 5- rarely 4-lobed. Anthers narrow, cells indistinct. Fruit ovoid or oblong (pyriform 1 Stocksii). * Flowers pubescent tomentose or villous. 27. L. tomentosus, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 191; branches gat leaves beneath rusty-tomentose, leaves all alternate petioled oblong, obovate-oblong obtuse penninerved, bract rarely exceeding the 5-too i . calyx, flowers 3 in. in axillary sessile or shortly peduncled fascicles pedice lit. densely rusty-villous with hispid hairs, corolla curved, tube terete T : lobes 5 oblong. L. bracteatus, DC. Prodr. iv. 306, in part. L. tomentosus: Loranthus.] ^ OXxXu. LomawTHaoEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 2 13 ` dar. lanuginosus, Thwaites Enum. 135. L. Candolleanus, Hohenack. Pl. Ind. Or. No. 514 a.—Loranth. No. 9, Herb. Ind. Or. H. SfE T: NILGHIRI and PULNEY Mts., Heyne, Wight, Schmidt, &c. CEYLON, alt. 3- 5000 ft., Thwaites (C. P. 2492). ` Branches stout, dark grey, terete. Leaves 1-14 in., tip rounded, rarely 3-nerved at the base, glabrous, black and opaque above when dry; petiole 4-} in. Fascicles few-fld., solitary or clustered, peduncle rarely 4 in. Ovary short. Corolla-tube terete, curved, split to the middle, not inflated or gibbous. Filaments short, anthers oblong. Style filiform, stigma capitellate.—I have regarded this as Heyne’s tomentosus, in contradistinction to his bracteatus, agreeing as it does with Roth’s character, except in that the pubescence is rusty red and not grey. Roth describes . the bract as only 2 lines long, whereas in Heyne's bracteatus it reaches à in.: this is, however, a very variable organ in both species. Thwaites’ var. normalis (C. P. 1642) is very unlike the normal peninsular forms; it has elliptic-oblong green leaves 3-3} in. long, with subsilky pubescence beneath, dense clusters of sessile flowers, aud less villous flowers. 28. L. bracteatus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey § Wall. ii. 220: branches inflorescence and young leaves beneath clothed with thin Soft grey or buff tomentum, leaves all alternate petioled orbicular or cuneate- obovate penninerved, bract (sometimes 2) much longer than the 5-toothed calyx, flowers $-l in. in axillary peduncled fascicles. pedicelled, corolla curved, tube gibbously inflated in the middle, lobes 5 linear. DC. Prodr. WV. 306 (excl. syn. tomentosus); Wall. Cat. 510; Wight § Arn. Prodr. 985 (excl, syn. Roth, &c.). L. tomentosus, Wight Ic. t. 978. L. Heyneanus, Schult. Syst. 106. SOUTH DECCAN PENINSULA ; on the Nilghiris, &c., Heyne, &c. Rootstock creeping, branches slender. Leaves 1-1 in., grey when dry, rarely emeately obovate, glabrous or grey-pubescent or tomentose ; petiole slender, 3-1 in. "acts oblong, often 3 times as long as the 5-toothed calyx. Flowers much longer than in T, tomentosus, not villous, more appressedly grey-pubescent, tube more slender though gibbously swollen in the middle; lobes very narrow. Fruit j in., elliptic- oblong, puberulous, . ` Var, angustifolia; clothed with thin ashy tomentum, leaves narrowly obovate- cuneate, bracts very narrow, flowers smaller. L. montanus, var. longifolius, Wight in Wall. Herb. (6866 in part) .— Pulney Mts., Wight,—Though very dissimilar in foliage, find no character whereby to distinguish this specifically. - 29. L. Stocksii, Hook. f; leaves small opposité clothed with buff mealy pubescence sessile or subsessile oblong or orbicular rounded at both ends or base cordate, flowers solitary axillary sessile, bracts as long as the calyx oblong obtuse, fruit small pyriform tomentose. Loranth. No. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. FT The C h ONCAN, Stocks. young mealy like the foliage. ranches slender, bark grey, not lenticellate, . R faves 3-1 in, mealy on both surfaces ; nerves few, obscure, Fruit (young) ]-3 in. 2283 tip rounded; calyx-limb not produced truncate,—Apparently a very distinct dum near L, bracteatus, but with, sessile leaves and pyriform fruit like that of a Yctanthus, to which section perhaps it should be referred. la 30. Y. recurvus, Wall. in DC. Prodr. iv. 299, and Cat. 525 ; branch- dit And young leaves clothed with buff or grey pubescence, leaves’ a t erate obovate-cuneate glabrous or ashy-pubescent beneath, 3-nerved at i il base, bract shorter than the 5-toothed calyx, flowers $ in. in numerous meat Sessile tomentose fascicles pedicelled, corolla usually strongly curve 1, we split gibbously inflated below the middle; lobes 5 linear-oblong. Wight 214. - ` CXXXII. LORANTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Loranthus. & Ara. Prodr. 383. L. Candolleanus, Wight & Arn. 1. e. 885; Wight Ie.” t. 305. . Niraenini Mrs., Noton, Wight, &c. u Branches usually very ' tout, sparsely lenticellate ; bark black. Leaves Pus usually very coriaceous, dark and opaque above, nerves few ; petiole 4-3 in. Tome i usually many and dense-fld.; flowers very shortly pedicelled ; corolla stouter than 1 L. bracteatus, often curved in a semicircle, but sometimes straight, ** Flowers at length glabrous. 31. L. cuneatus, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 193; glabrous except the youngest buds, leaves small all alternate petioled obovate-cuneate tp . rounded or retuse base 3-nerved, bract small acute much shorter than n 5-toothed calyx, flowers 3-1} in. in subsessile axillary fascicles pedicell ; corolla-tube ‘split slightly gibbously inflated above the middle, lobes i linear, fruit oblong. Wight df Arn. Prodr. 385; Thwaites Enum, 135 e: . var. B.). L. lobelizflorus, DC. Prodr. iv. 406. L. goodeniseflorus, DC. l.c.; Wight & Arn. l.c. L. montanus, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6866. Deccan PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, CEYLON, abundant. Branches uot robust, bark grey. Leaves 4-1} in., very variable in width, A rowed into the short petiole, nerves few. Fascicles of flowers rarely peduncle ; flowers very variable in size, shortly pedicelled. Calyx hoary. Corolla very slender, straight or curved. Fruit 3 in., oblong, surmounted by the cupular toothed calyx.— I have seen no authentic specimens of L. goodenieflorus and lobeliaflorus. 92. L. sclerophyllus, Thwaites Enum. 135; glabrous except the flower and leaf-buds, leaves all alternate very shortly petioled very ci ceous obovate or cuneate-obovate 3-nerved, bract shorter than the tool calyx, flowers 1 in. in axillary sessile or very shortly peduncled fave A pedicelled, corolla-tube nearly straight split slightly swollen about ihe middle, lobes 5 linear, fruit oblong glabrous. CEYLON ; Central Province, ascending to 7000 ft., Walker, &c. hick! Very much more robust than L. cuneatus, with much larger broader thic y coriaceous leaves 14-2 in. long. Calyx pubescent. 93. P E. ligulatus, Thwaites Enum. 185; leaves petioled glabrous linear or oblong base acute tip rounded nerveless, racemes glabrous few- b. equalling or shorter than the leaves, bract minute, flowers 1 in., calyx 9 scurely toothed, corolla glabrous, lobes 5 linear-spathulate acute. CEYLON; at Jaffna and Calpentyne, Gardner. . to the Branches terete. Leaves 3-2 in.; petiole },-2 in.—I have nothing to add above meagre description taken from Thwaites, the specimens I have seen being very imperfect. 34. b. suborbicularis, Thwaites Enum. 134; young shoots eag flower-buds scurfily pubescent, leaves all alternate petioled very core. orbicular or orbicular-obovate 3-nerved, bract smaller than the sharp T toothed pubescent calyx, flowers 1 in. racemose, corolla straight or cur tube split gibbously inflated below the middle, lobes 5 linear, fruit oblong : glabrous. GEYLON ; in elevated parts of the Island, Walker, &c. metimes Habit of L. sclerophyllus, but leaves more rounded,, petiole longer, son 3 in. long, and flowers in racemes j-1 in. long. 35. Tas longiflorus, Desrouss, in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 498 ; quite glabrous j | Loranthus.] ^ cxxxm. tomaNTHACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 215 throughout (racemes rarely puberulous), leaves alternate or opposite sessile or petioled orbicular oblong elliptic or linear obtuse thickly coriaceous, flowers 1-2} in. in axillary and supra-axillary racemes secund erect pedi- celled, calyx-limb cupular truncate entire, corolla slender curved split slightly dilated above the middle, lobes 5 short linear-oblong, fruit oblong. DC. Prodr. iv. 304; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. n. 217; Wight Y Arn. Prodr. 384; Roxb. Cor. Pi. t. 139; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 86; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 110; Brandis For. Fl. 397; Kurz For. Fl, 321; Thwaites Enum. 134; Wall. Cat. 507; Wight Ic. t. 302; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 320. L. bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 548, ii. 185, and Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 205, and Cor. Pl. t. 139 ; Wall. Cat. 499. L. Kcenigianus, Agardh in Schult. Syst. vii. 108; DC. L c. 307. L. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 6872. It imbricatus and L., lineatus, Edgew. in Trans. Linn Soc. xx. 59.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 4. TROPICAL and TEMPERATE HrMALAYA, alt. 3-7500 ft., from Jamu to Bintan. ANGETIC PLAINS, from Oude eastward to ASSAM, and southward on plains an hills throughout both Peninsulas to TRAVANCORE and MALACCA. CEYLON, in the warm parts of the Island. . . A large bush; branches terete, usually smooth, dark or light grey, lenticellate e not. Leaves 3-10 by 3-5 in, infinitely variable in shape and veining, opaque an rown when dry ; petiole stout, 4-4 in. Racemes 1-4 in., solitary or fascie e i stout or slender, usually upcurved with upcurving flowers of variable length ; pact orbicular, cupular; pedicels stout or slender. Calyx hoary in Ceylon specimens, im quite entire. Corolla pink or red, with often green lobes, lower half of tu MM narrow, reflexed part of the lobes $+} the length of the tube. Filaments shor er an kon anthers, often glandular., Stigma capitate. Fruit à in., smooth, orowned wi the qupular calyx.—Of the many forms of this common and variable plant the following are the most remarkable, . Var. faleata, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 321; leaves linear 4-6 by 4+4 in. often TM flowers i31 in., calyx glabrous or white and seurfy, L. falcatus, Linn. f. “PP n 3 DC. 1. c. 305; Wall. Cat.519. L. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 6872, in part. L. lor g florus y., Wight & Arn. l. c.—Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.—The name of this vari ty ae the earliest for the species, but is very inapplicable, and has hence p ide by general consent, : nr Fy ar. amplexifolia, Thwaites Enum. 134; leaves large sessile 4-7 in. diam, orhi cular- or oblong-cordate amplexicaul. L. amplexifolius, DC. l.c.; Wig RE ea and C ah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 86. L. amplexicaulis, Wall. Cat. 520.—Deccan rening *y'on.— Inflorescence often terminal. : E Peni uke bescene ; peduncle pedicels calyx and corolla iu bud pubescent.—Deccan Insula, 36. ZB. lonchiphyllus, Thwaités Enum. 418; very robust, quite gla- brous, leaves opposite and alternate subsessile very coriaceous ovat ? acute or acuminate strongly penninerved bullate, bract minute, flowers babe very al ortly peduncled fascicles pedicelled, calyx-limb entire, on to the base y ender below gibbously inflated above the middle split nearly to , Pes 5 linear much shorter than the tube, fruit ovoid. Crow; in the Ambagamowa District, Thwaites. 1 Branches very thick, terete, bark pale smooth or lenticellate. Leaves 4-6 by + in., pale brown when dry, margin recurved, base rounded or su cor jim ie ny arching deeply sunk and anastomosing ; petiole 4-4 in., Mu 5 rved. Style °w in a fascicle. Calyx small, bract subacute. Corolla slightly j llata leaves slender, stigma capitate. Fruit } in. long.—The strongly nerved and bullate lez he only specimen I have seen are marked characters. 97. Be ele ans, Wall. in DC. Prodr. iv. 304, and Cat. 530; very robuistyglabrous, loaves opposite and alternate very shortly petioled elliptic 216 OXXXIL LORANTHACEA. (J. D. Hooker) ` [Loranthus or narrow-oblong obtuse very thickly coriaceous, flowers 1-13 in. in very short axillary racemes stoutly pedicelled, bract cupular, ovary oblong, calyx limb cupular obscurely 5-toothed, corolla slender curved, tube split dilated above the middle, lobes 5 linear one-fourth the length of the tube. BURMA ; on the Irawaddy near Yenangeun, Wailich. . . - Branches terete, smooth, bark grey. Leaves 21-3 in., narrowed into the petiole, dark brown and opaque when dry, with undulate margins ; nerves few, faint, very - oblique. Racemes $-$ in., robust, 4-6-fld., peduncle pedicels and calyx hoary ; corolla glabrous, scarlet ?— 1 have seen only Wallich’s insufficient specimens; it 1s possibly a form of L. longiflorus. A somewhat similar plant from Pegu (M‘Lelland) has broader leaves, with smaller flowers and quite glabrous racemes. 38. L. elasticus, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 599; quite glabrous, leaves all opposite sessile very thickly coriaceous from orbicular to elliptic or oblong obtuse 3-5-nerved, flowers 1 in. in axillary fascicles sessile, bract minute, calyx-limb cupular entire, corolla-tube funnel-shaped split, lobes 5 filiform spirally coiled much longer than the tube. DC. Prodr. iv. 306; Rowb. Fl. Ind. Bd. Carey & Wall. ii. 217; Wall. Cat. 508; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 109; Wight Ic. t. 343. L. Euphorbie, Wight Ic. t. 1063.— Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 3. * DECCAN PENINSULA; Vingorla, &e., in the Concan, Dalzell, Ritchie; Malabar, the Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight. Branches dichotomous, stout, terete, smooth, pale brown, lenticels few. Leaves very variable, 1}—4 in., pale brown on both surfaces when dry, base acute. Flowers quite glabrousand sessile; ovary minute. Corolla-tube rather swollen below. Fila- ments very long, spirally coiled like the corolla-lobes ; anthers long, as narrow 83 er filament. Style very long, stigma fusiform. Fruit ovoid, red, **the size of a small beau,” Wight.—I do not find any difference between Z. Euphorbia and elasticus; the corolla-tube is split in both, though Wight does not observe this in Z. Euphorbie, which has smaller rounder leaves than the type. This is one of the few Indian species with flowers absolutely sessile on the branches. : 39. L. pentandrus, Linn. Mant. 63; leaves rarely opposite petioled elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate rarely obovate obtuse or acute, flowers $ 10. "b densely scurfy axillary very short racemes, bract cupular, caly x-lim 5-toothed, corolla straight, tube dilated below equally 5-cleft to the middle, lobes linear acute, fruit oblong-ovoid. DO. Prodr. iv. 305; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 320; Wall. Cat. 514; Blume Fl. Jav. Loranth. 33, t. 10. L. farinosus, Desr. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 597 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. n. REN Wall. Cat. 514; Griff. Notul. iv. 616, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 620, f. L2 L. rigidus, eontractus, & Finlaysoniands, Wall. Cat. 531, 6864, 6871. Dow drophthoe pentandra & farinosa, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. l, 818, 812. Elytranthe farinosa, G. Don Gen. Syst. iv. 427. SILHET, Wallich. CnrvrAcONG, J. D. H. & T. T. Prov, Kurz. TENASSERDP Wallich. MALACCA, Griffith (L. elasticus, Kew Distrib. 2723), &c. SINGAPORE, Lobb. PENANG, Wallich, Phillips.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 1most Branches rather stout, terete, grey. Leaves 2-6 in., dark brown or iar black when dry, thickly coriaceous, nerves faint; petiole }-} in. Racemes sol "1 or fascicled, few- or many-fid. ; flowers usually crowded; pedicels short, stout ; S iod rather large; buds cylindric, not clavate at the tip. Corolla not split, reflexed por * of lobes half the length of the tube. Style stout, stigma capitate. Fruit ” crowned by the cupular unequally 5-lobed calyx-limb. 40. L. neelgherrensis, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 382; very robust quite glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate thickly coriaceous oblong a cular elliptic or oblong-lanceolate obtuse penni- or few-nerved, bract mi» Lovanthus.) , OXXXIL LORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 217 flowers 1 in. in sessile or peduncled axillary fascicles sessile or pedicelled, calyx-limb entire, corolla-tube rather inflated, lobes 5 linear much longer than the tube reflexed above the middle, fruit oblong. Wight Ic. t. 1020, and Spic. Neilgherr. t. 88; Thwaites Enum. 134; Zenk. Plant. Ind. t. 17. Nizan Hirs ; ascending to 7000 ft., Wight, &c. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 1-7000 ft., Walker, &e. Branches very stout, terete, smooth, or minutely cracked, not lenticellate, Leaves 3-6 in, by 13-4 in., narrowed into the petiole, dark brown above and beneath j nerves Very few, raised on both surfaces ; petiole i-i in., very stout. Flowers fascicled on the nodes of the axils, sessile and peduncled together; bract variable; pedicels very short or Q. Calyx minute, ellipsoid or globose, limb cupular, margin thin hardly lobed. Corotla-tube very slender in bud, in flower straight, not split, lobes some- times all free, at others one or two are combined for half their length. Filaments short, anthers long. Style filiform, stigma capitate. Fruit à in, smooth.—The hervation varies much. Thwaites suggests that this may be a variety of L. elasticus, but it is very different. Var.? Clarkei ; flowers smaller $ in. corolla-lobes equal shorter more spathulate reflexed portion about 4 iu. —Ootamaeund, alt. 7000 ft., Clarke.—Amongst the very ‘merous specimens of L. neelgherrensis that I have examined, none have such short and spathulate corolla-lobes as this, : 1l. L. memecylifolius, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 383; quite glabrous, leaves Opposite and alternate petioled narrowly oblong or elliptic obtuse thic Y coriaceous, flowers 1-1} in. umbelled on short stout, axillary peduncles erect pedicelled, ovary cylindric-oblong, calyx-limb cupular obtusely 5-toothed or truncate, corolla straight, tube 5-angled split slightly Inflated above the middle, lobes 5 linear-lanceolate acuminate us long as the tube or longer, fruit oblong or pyriform. . Nizenrgt Hiris, alt. 8000 ft., Wight, Schmidt, &c. . Branches stout, terete,. brown, Leaves 1-3 in., dark brown and smooth when dry, narrowed into the very short petiole, flat, nerves faint, oblique. Umbels solitary or fascicled ; peduncle and pedicels very stout, 4-4 in.; bracts orbicular, very coriaceous, Ovary broad at the top, calyx-limb short. Colla scarlet, strict, erect, tate in bud, lobes reflexed for about half their length. Filaments much shorter than the anthers. Stigma capitate. Fruit i in. smooth, crowned by the cupular ea yx-limb.— Close] y allied to L. neelgherrensis, but the leaves are smaller, flowers ioci and fewer and larger, corolla not dilated at the base, and the calyx obtusely ed. 42. L. sarcophyllus, Wall. in Wight 4 Arn. Prodr. 384, and Cat. 6363; very stout, quite glabrous, leaves large alternate and opposite shortly Petioled, elliptic oblong or orbicular very thickly coriaceous obtuse, flowers l -li in. in short many-fld. racemes, calyx-limb cupular obtusely unequa 7 obulate, corolla curved, tube narrow split dilated towards the base, lpbes ‘near slender much longer than the tube. L. carnosus, Herb. Wight. Nitenrer Mrs. ; at Cumbum on a Ficus, Wight. i ; i i leaves abit of the large-leaved states of L. longiflorus with oblique nerves, but wave » uch thicker, calyx limb distinctly lobulate, and corolla-tube dilated below. Wight’s Pecimens ure the only ones I have seen. 48. T. Crassus, Hook. f.; very stout, leaves | nate A thickly coriaceous Kd or Y blong obtuse, flowers fa in. in small Ty subsessile racemes densely furfuraceous pedicelled, ca a » papular quite entire, corolla straight funnel-shaped not split, equally c ei * ob low the middle into 5-6 lobes with long reflexed linear tips, fruit ovoid- i long. L. retúsus, Wall. Cat. 504, in part. arge alternate petioled 218 CXXXII. LORANTHACEH. (J. D. Hooker) (Loranthus. SINGAPORE, Wallich. i . Branches terete, grey, densely lenticellate. Leaves 3-7 by 14-4 in., dark brown and opaque when dry on both surfaces; nerves broad, distinct ; petiole very stout, 4 in. Racemes 4 in.; pedicels very short; bracts orbicular, cupular. _Calga-tabe globose, limb truncate. Corolla-lobes linear from a cuneate base, reflexed for hal their length. Anthers linear, longer than the filament. Stigma capitate. “Fruit (young) 4 in. long, crowned with the cupular calyx-limb.—I have seen only Wallich’s specimens of this very fine species which are attached to two sheets with L. retusus, Jack, from which they differ entirely in habit, in the texture form and colour of the leaves, and in the unibracteate and scurfy much shorter flowers. The specimens 0 L. retusus are flowerless. Sect. VI. Tolypanthus. F/owersininvolucrate fascicles, 1-bracteate, ebracteolate ; bracts much broader than the flowers, free or connate into & bell-shaped involucre. 44. L. involucratus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 552, ii. 188, and Ed. Cary & Wall.-ii. 208; puberulous,. leaves opposite and alternate long-petiol : elliptic ovate or cordate obtuse, involucre of 4 ovate free bracts in a whor equalling the 4 laxly villous sessile flowers, calyx-limb 4-lobed, corolla 4 inj, tube straight cleft to the middle into 5 linear lobes with recurved tips. Prodr. iv. 298; Wall. Cat. 501; Griff. Motul. iv. 632. ` SIKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. 2-3000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. Assam, CACHAR, SILHET and Knuasra Mrs., Wallich, Griffith, &c. th Branchés slender, young tomentose, old woody terete with dark-brown smoo bark and large lenticels. Leaves 4-7 in., thin, almost membranous, base ace nerves very slender; petiole j-1 in. Clusters of flowers solitary or fascicled, sesste or shortly peduncled ; bracts leafy, 4 in. Calyzx-tube oblong, limb cleft to the base. Corolia-tube rather inflated below, lobes recurved for about half their length. Fila- ments shorter than the oblong-linear anthers. Style very stout, stigma large, capitate, obscurely lobed. The var. hebecladus, Wall., has-no characters that I can recognize. . 45. L- Gardner Thwaites Enum. 133; very stout, glabrous, ree opposite and alternate petioled ovate or oblong obtuse, involucre o 1 ovate free bracts in a whorl much shorter than the 5-6 glabrous sessie flowers, calyx-limb truncate, corolla 3 in., tube straight cleft into 5 linear- oblong lobes recurved above the middle. CEYLON ; at Hantani, alt. 3000 ft, Gardner. in Branches very stout; bark smooth, red-brown, lenticels few. Leaves ose coriaceous, greenish-brown above, red-brown beneath; midrib strong, nerves ^ ek petiole 1-4 in. Clusters of flowers sessile on the branches ; bracts 4-3 in., ob h he nerves reticulate, Ovary very short; calyx-limb annular, thickened. Corolla- rs straight, glabrous, not dilated, sometimes bilabiate, lobes 4 the length of the bud Filaments subulate, as long as the linear-oblong caducous anthers; stigma capa Fruit (young), ellipsoid. 46. L. lageniferus, Wight Ic. t. 306; glabrous, leaves opposite o alternate shortly petioled orbicular or oblong base rounded acute or ra : date, involucre large bell-shaped 5-lobed of 5 connate bracts much, sho lla than the 5 glabrous or hoary sessile flowers, calyx-limb 5-toothed, P]. 80; 13-2 in., lobes 5 very short oblong-lanceolate. Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 95; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 110; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 229, 230. Hills of the Concay, Graham, Law. MALABAR, Wight. Leaves Branches stout or slender; bark dark brown, smooth, lenticels few large- ded 3-4 in., rather thin, and shining above, with short petioles and cordate or roun bases in Malabar specimens, more oblong and coriaceous with acute bases in Con P Loranthus.) CXXXI LORANTHACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 219 ones; petiole 4-5 in. Involweres 1-14 in., shortly peduncled; lobes short, unequal, triangular-ovate; flowers subsessile. Ovary very short, quite glabrous. — Calyz-limb minute, sharply toothed. Corolla narrow, straight, slightly dilated in the middle, suddenly contracted at the base of the lobes, which are } the length of the tube. Filatffents subulate ; anthers linear-oblong, caducous. Stigma capitate. _, Sect. VII. Macrosolen. Flowers large, racemose or subspicate, bracteate and 1-2-bracteolate; bract small, shorter than the ovary ; bracteoles often connate in a cup. Corolla 5-6-cleft. 47. L. retusus, Jack in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 212 ; quite glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate shortly petioled obovate elliptic orbicular or cuneate very thickly coriaceous obtuse or retuse, bract and bracteoles minute, flowers in very short axillary few-fld. racemes, calyx- i limb obsolete, corolla straight tube slightly dilated cleft to the middle into 5 linear-lanceolate lobes, DO. Prodr. iv. 296; Wall. Cat. 504, in part. Macrosolen retusus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 828. Elytranthe retusa, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 425. SINGAPORE, Jack, Wallich, &c. MALACOA, Griffith, Cuming, &c.—DISTRIB. Java, Theo, E Branches stout, terete, brown. Leaves 3-4 by 1-4 in. sometimes obcordate, Pale greenish above and shining a little when dry, pale brown beneath ; midrib stout, verves slender; petiole very stout, 4-4 in. Racemes i in., peduncle and pedicels m., spreading, quite glabrous. Ovary ovoid. Corolla not split dorsally, pale rose; lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers very slender, longer than the filament.. Stigma capitate. Fruit globosely ovoid, i 48. 1. trigonus, Wight 4 Arn. Prodr: 386; quite glabrous, branch- lets very robust triquetrous, leaves very large thickly coriaceous opposite or whorled in threes broadly elliptic obtuse, flowers in short axillary and Cauline racemes or cymes, bracts connate in a small cup, calyx-limb cupular truncate, corolla-bud 4 in. terete clavate 5-merous. š TRAVANCORE; at Quilon, Wight. SovrH Conoan; Belgaum, on the highest Point of the N. E. Hills, Ritchie. N. Canara, Talbot. . Branches terete, as thick as the middle finger; branchlets with the flat or concave a 3 in. broad, smooth. Leaves 4-6 in., often as broad, brown and opaque when TY, base acute or rounded, nerves distinct ; petiole very stout, j-2 in. Flowers in Clustered cymes or racemes, 1-1} in. ; peduncle and pedicels very stout, angled when dry; bracts forming a shallow oblique cup. Fruit à in., ellipsoid, crowned by the Cüpular calyx-limb,—-A very remarkable species, of which flowers are much wanted ; e two localities assigned to this species are so widely apart in position and otherwise as to require confirmation ; possibly two species are hence indicated. 49. L. Brandisianus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, ii. 63, and late #1. ii. 317 ; quite glabrous, leaves subopposite petioled elliptic-lanceo- ate caudate-acuminate, flowers 1-14 in. in short axillary racemes or cymes, ract and bracteoles connate below acute, calyx-limb truncate, corolla aight 6-angled in bud, tube urceolate below cleft to the middle into 6 *ar reflexed lobes. MARTABAN Hiris, alt. 3000 ft., Brandis, MoULMEIN, Parish. . ranches terete, bark ne Leaves 3-7 in., firmly coriaceous, base acuminate, Breenish when dry and shining above, yellowish brown beneath, midrib strong, nerves Very faint ; petiole 1-3 in. Flowers “usually in a 1-2-fld. raceme terminated by a gm of 3—4 flowers," Kurz; peduncle and pedicels very stout ; corolla-tube rather tout in bud, witha ridge at the base of the lobes ; buds stout, glabrous, clavate above middle, very coriaceous, 220 CXXXII, LORANTHAGEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Loranthus. 50. EL. hypoglaucus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1872, i. 309, and For. Fi. ii. 318; quite glabrous, leaves subopposite lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo- late acuminate glaucous beneath, flowers 14-1} in. 2-9-nate on short crowded axillary peduncles, bract and bracteoles minute connate below, calyx cylindric limb entire truncate, corolla-tube curved slightly dilated below deeply 6-cleft, lobes linear. Drier hill forests of MARTABAN, alt. 5-6000 ft., Kurz. : h Leaves 21-3 in., tapering into the short petiole, nerves obscure. Flowers bright crimson ; bract and bracteoles triangular-ovate.—Character from Kurz; I have seen no specimens. 51. L. formosus, Blume Bijd. 660; and FI. Jave, Loranth. t. 15; glabrous, leaves subopposite ovate to elliptic-oblong acuminate or cuspidate shining on both surfaces, flowers 2-3 in. in few-fld. hoary axillary cymes, bract and bracteoles minute, calyx-limb obscurely toothed, corolla-tube very long subinflated, lobes 6 linear. DC. Prodr. iv. 297; Kurz For. Ft. i. 917. Macrosolen formosus, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. l, 827. Ely- trauthe formosa, Don Gen. Syst. iii. 426. BURMA ; “in Tenasserim ? ”. Kurz. —DisTRIB. Java. Branches terete or obscurely 4-angled. Leaves 4—6 in., coriaceous, base obtuse or acute, nerves obscure; petiole very short, thick. Flowers. crimson, pedicelled ; bract and bracteoles 3-gonous. Ovary oblong. Corolla-tube a little curved, lobes greenish, Anthers linear.—I have seen no Indian specimens ; the description is from urz. . , 52. 1. ampullaceus, Ròrb. Fl. Ind. ii. 189, and Ed. Carey & Wall. 1.209; quite glabrous, leaves all opposite petioled elliptic-ovate oblong or. lanceolate subacute or acuminate polished above, nerves distinct, foes 3-7 $-$ in. in short axillary glabrous racemes, calyx-limb entire, corolla-tas oblong 6-angled inflated below, lobes 6 linear-spathulate as long as P tube, fruit ellipsoid. DC. Prodr. iv. 996; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 916; Wor ` Cat.502. L. pallens & carinatulus, Wall. Cat. 523, 529; DC. l. c. 296, 297. Macrosolen ? pallens, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 831. . From BENGAL, Assam and the Kmasra Mrs, to Prnana, MarAoca and SINGAPORE. b Branches stout or slender, pale; bark smooth or lenticellate. Leaves 3-6 A 14-23 in., very coriaceous, base acute rarely rounded, nerves spreading ; pee : in. Racemes very variable, with 3-6 pairs of flowers and a terminal one; peduncle solitary or few in a cluster, rarely 1 in. long; pedicels 0-2 in.; bract some- times half the length of the ovary; bracteoles smaller, connate. Corolla £r long yellow ; bud straight, bottle-shaped, with prominent angular shoulders. P ruit * hin oval smooth yellow the size of a currant," Rozb.—l have difficulty in distingu ihe this from the following; some Mergui specimens have large leaves roun hr der base of a golden colour when dry. Some Malaccan ones have longer and very Ai bs peduncles and pedicels. There is no named specimen of L. carinatulus in Wa p Herbarium, but good ones were distributed to Hooker and Bentham ; they do differ at all from ampullaceus. _53, L. globosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 550, ii. 187, and Ed. Carey I Wall. ii. 206 (excl. oit. Rheede); quite glabrous, leaves all opposite ear € alternate or 3-nately whorled) petioled elliptic-lanceolate subacu s acuminate, nerves very obscure, flowers 3-7 in axillary glabrous ek pedicelled 4-3 in., calyx-limb entire, corolla-tube oblong 5-6-angled F v vs lobes 5—6 linear-spathulate as long as the tube, fruit globose. pe Wall. iv. 297; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 315; Wall. Cat. 6870. L. subglobosus, Jei- Cat. 538; DO. l. è. 297; Kurz l.e. 316. L. oleoides, DC. l. c. L. .0 Loranthus,] CXXXII. LORANTHACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 231 folius, Wall. Cat. 524. L. viridiflorus, Wall. in Rorb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey § Wall. ii. 219; Wall Cat. 519. L. spherocarpus, Blume Bijd. 661, and Fl. Jav. Loranth. t. 17; DC.1. c.997. Macrosolen spherocarpus & oleoides, t PL Ind. Bat. i. 1, 830, 831. Elytranthe spheeroidea, Don Gard. Dict. iv. 127. TROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nepal Wallich. Sikkim, alt. 1-4000 ft, J. D. H. BENGAL, CAcHAR, KHASIA Mr3., Preu, PENANG and MALACCA. —DISTRIB. Java. - I very much doubt this being anything but a form of L. ampullaceus, from which it differs in the narrower nerveless leaves and (according to descrjption) in the globose fruit. Indeed Roxburgh’s own specimens- (in Herb. Bentham) do not agree with his drawing or description, and are certainly Z. ampullaceus. Roxburgh-describes the . flowers as greenish otange, but his figure represents them with a pink corolla-tube and yellow lobes. Kurz Says greenish orange with yellow tips, as does Clarke. Kurz says that the nerves become visible ina dry state. The Plate of Rheede (x. t. 5) quoted by Roxburgh and others for Z. globosus cannot belong to that plant, which is not a native of Malabar ; it is too rude for determination. : Sect. VIII. "Elytranthe. Flowers few, large, crowded, decussately arranged on very short spikes which are sessile, or terminate „very stout axillary peduncles. Bracts and bracteoles subequal, large, coriaceous, at length’ deciduous. Calyx-limb tubular, truncate, quite entire. Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, 5-6-cleft. E * Bracts and bracteoles orbicular, shorter than the calyz. 54. L. loniceroides, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 473 (excl. syn. Pluk.) ; qute glabrous, leaves all opposite petioled oblong-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate, spikes few-fld. terminating short stout axillary peduncles, bract and bracteoles orbicular sheathing the base of the ovary, corolla 1-2 in. narrowly funnel-shaped curved, lobes 5-6 linear-oblong or -spathulate. DC. Prodr. iv. 299 ; Rowb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. 216; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 382; Wight Ic. t. 303; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 110; Thwaites num, 133; Wall. Cat. 506 A. L. umbellatus, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 192; DO. l c. 316. L. macrophyllus, Zenk. Pl. Ind. t. 16. Deccan PENINSULA ; from the Concan fo Travancore, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Nilghiris, CEYLON, in the Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft. . . Branches stout, terete; bark pale, warted. Leaves 2-5 by 14-2 in., thickly coriaceous, nerves spreading; petiole 1—1 in. Peduncles solitary or crowded, very robust, 41 in, long, 2-6 fld. ; bracts shorter than the ovary, very coriaceous, obtuse or subacute, keeled. Calyx-tube twice as long as the ovary, truncate, cylindric, quite entire, Corolla red, thickly coriaceous, very variable in length, split 3 way Own. Anthers slender, multilocellate. Fruit ellipsoid.—L. coriaceus, Desv. in Lam. Encycl. iii, 597 (cited under this by De Candolle and others), is quite another Plant, a native of Bourbon. 95. Xi. capitellatus, Wight 4 Arn. Prodr. 382; quite glabrous, leaves all opposite petioled oblong-ovate or lanceolate acuminate, spikes subsessile or on very short stout axillary peduncles, bracts and bracteoles orbicular sheathing the base of the ovary, corolla 4-3 in. usually straight funnel-shaped cleft to or below the middle into 5-6 linear or spathulate lobes. Wight Ic. t. 304; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 109; Thwaites Enum. 93. L. ampullacens, Wall. Cat. 506 B. "Pul PENINSULA; from the Conean southwards. CEYLON, ascending to t. Thwaites suspects this to be a variety of L. loniceroides, and he is probably 222 CXXXII LORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Loranthus. - right, for except the short straight corolla and usually very short peduncle of the flower, I find little to distinguish it. . 56. L. psilanthus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, robust, leaves all.oppo- site petioled ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate, spikes few-fld. terminating long stout axillary peduncles, bracts decussately opposite and bracteoles orbicular sheathing the base of the ovary, corolla 1-13 in. very slender curved tubular, lobes 6 very slender. Loranth. No. 71, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & Te SIKKIM HIMALAYA and Mishmi Hills; Grifith. KuasrA Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. Very near L. loniceroides, and perhaps a form of that plant, but more robust, with usually larger longer-petioled leaves, longer peduncles often 1 in. long, and very slender corollas bright red with yellow almost filiform lobes. ** Bract and bracteoles oblong, longer than the calya. 57. L. albidus, Blume Bijd. 665; quite glabrous, leAves all opposite petioled ovate or oblong obtuse, spikes 2-6-fld. terminating stout axillary peduncles, bracts oblong twice as long as the calyx, corolla 1-13 1n. tubular curved, lobes 5-6 short oblong. DC. Prodr.iv. 299. LL. leucosiphon, Griff. Notul. iv. 623,.and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 619—623. Elytranthe albida, Blume Fl. Jav. t. 22; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 832. TENASSERIM; at Mergui, Griffith. MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay. —DISTBIB. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. ` A large shrub, branches terete, bark pale. Leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in., moderately coriaceous, rarely cordate, nerves many spreading; petiole 4-3 in., rather slender. Peduncles 4-4 in., solitary or fascicled; bracts } in. long, very coriaceous, concave, keeled, obtuse or subacute; bracteoles as long, opposite, narrower. Calyz-tube short, truncate, quite entire. Corolla constricted above the ovary, then rather swollen, mouth constricted, white, with pale pink limb. Filaments subulate. 58. L. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branchlets and inflorescence rusty- pubescent, leaves opposite shortly petioled elliptic or obovate obtuse, flowers: capitate decussately inserted on a short stout sessile rachis and concen : by the obtuse bracts, corolla 4 in. quite glabrous funnel-shaped regularly cleft into 6 linear recurved lobes longer than the tube. . Mazracca, Maingay. Branches terete, smooth, as thick as a duck's quill, without lenticels; nodes distant, thickened. Leaves 2-3 in., coriaceous, midrib strong beneath, nerves it slender, base acute ; petiole 4 in., slender. Inflorescence of scurfy heads sessile at t aa nodes, solitary or fascicled, about 3 in. long, formed of about 4 pairs of decnse®, broadly oblong obtuse caducous imbricating bracts, each at the base of & perfectly glabrous sessile flower; rachis of the inflorescence very stout, 4-sided, deeply dla cavated opposite the flowers. Ovary very short; calyx-limb cupular. Coro"? coriaceous, lobes spreading. Filaments linear, authers oblong. Stigma capitate. The specimen is a solitary one; so allowances must be made for the description. _ is closely allied to L. Arnottianus, Korth, of Sumatra, which has acute bracts. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. L. BIFLORUS, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encyel. iii. 600; DC. Prodr. iv. 3802; Wight § Arn. Prodr. 386, is probably one of the forms of L. Scurrula. « L. CORIACEUS, Desrouss., which is cited by authors as a synonym of L. lonicer" oides, L., is a very different plant, a native of Bourbon: L? FIRMUS, Wall. Cat. 6874, is Henslovia umbellata, Bl. Loranthus.] ^ cxxxm. LORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 223 L. KANNELI, Schult. Syst. Veg. vii. 153; Wight d Arn. Prodr. 387; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 5, is undeterminable, L. LAMBERTIANUS, Schult. Syst. vii. 118; DC. Prodr. iv. 817, is probably Z. pentapetalus, Roxb., if from Nepal, which is doubtful. L. Mrrengnim, Wall. Cat. 6865, from Madras, is an Olax, probably O. Wightiana. __L. oBovaTUS, Griff. Notul. iv.622, from Malacca, is apparently near L. globosus, differing in the cuneate-obovate leaves. + L. punicevs, Wall. Cat. 522, from Penang, consists of a few detached alternate lanceolate finely acuminate coriaceous leaves, and a few detached small ellipsoid fruits : it is undeterminable. Wallich says it is like his Z. erythrostachys (L. pentandrus, L.) of Nepal. L. zvGvurosvs, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 194; DC. Prodr. iv. 317 ; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 386, from the Deccan, is undeterminable, It is no doubt a Cichlanthus. L. SERRULATUS, Roxb. in Steud. Nomencl. Nothing is known of this. — L. stamensis, Kurz For. Fl. ii, 820, is a Siam plant allied to L. pentandrus. _L. TURBINATUs, DO. Prodr. iv. 806 ; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 886, from the Nilghiris, is altogether doubtful. Wight and Arnott say that but for the ealyx being unequally 4-cleft, it would be referred to a glabrous var. of L. buddleioides, Desr. eurrula, L.). 4 ; L. viscrrorrus ?. Wight in Wall. Cat. 6865, is in too imperfect a state for de- termination. It was communicated by Wight to Wallich, and is probably L. recurvus, al. I find nothing more like it amongst Wight’s plants. The exact locality is Cumbum in the Nilghiris, J any, 1827. 2. VISCUM, Linn. , Leaves opposite, often reduced to scales. Flowers unisexual, small or minute, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves or at the nodes of the branches, rarely terminal. Perianth-tube of the male solid, of the female adnate to the ovary ; limb 3-4-partite, segments usually deciduous. Anthers road, sessile, adnate to the perianth-lobes, opening by many pores. Ovary Inferior ; stigma sessile or subsessile, large, pulvinate. Fruit succulent, pericarp full of viscid matter. Embryo in fleshy albumen, solitary or 2 in each seed.—Species about 30, temperate and tropical. * Branches dichotomous, leafy, or-the lower whorled. Flowers fascicled, terminal in the Jorks of the branches. Perianth-lobes deciduous. l. V. album, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1023; branches terete, leaves obovate- CUneate tip rounded, flowers in sessile or shortly peduncled cup-shaped bracts. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1068; DO. Prodr. iv. 278; Brand. For. Fl. 392; Kurz For, Fl. ii, 323. V. stellatum, Don Prodr. 142; DC. 1.¢.; Wall. Cat. 490. Ww TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Nepal, alt. 3-7000 ft.—DISTRIB. “stward to the Atlantic, N. Asia to Japan. . . x. 4 large green bush, branches jointed. Leaves sessile, very coriaceous, iat 122 in. long, broad ‘or narrow, obscurely 3—5-nerved. Flowers dicecious, sessi ^ 3 ina cluster, bracts concave. Perianth-segments 3-4, triangular, thick, acute, deciduous. ruit white, 4-2 in, long, ellipsoid.— Mistletoe. ** Branches dichotomous leafi (or leaves O in V. ramosissimum). Flowers in axillary sessile or peduncled fascicles, Perianth-lobes deciduous. 224 CXXXIL LORANTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Viscum. 2. V. monoicum, fox). Fi. Ind. iii. 763; branches terete, leaves shortly petioled obliquely ovate or faleate acute or acuminate 3-5-nerved, flowers moncecious in axillary sessile or shortly peduncled fascicles, bracts cuspidate, fruit oblong. DC. Prodr. iv. 278; Brandis For. Fl. 393; Kurz For. FI. ii. 324; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 379 (under V. orientale); Griff. Notul. iv. 637, and Jc. Pl. Asiat. t. 631. V. falcatum, Wall. Cat. 492; DC.l.c. V. benghalensis, Roxb. mss. P V. confertum, Roxb. L. c. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. KnasrA Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., Wallich, &c. Ganers DELTA, Roxburgh. OuDE, Vicary. MARTABAN and TENAS- SERIM, Kurz. NiraRIRI or Kure Hirrs, G. Thomson. A large shrub. Leaves rather thin, 1-5 in. long, very variable in breadth, nerves often strong. Flowers 1-3, minute, greenish, the lateral usually female, central male or absent, sometimes appearing spicate from terminating leafless shoots. Perianth-segments 4, triangular-oblong. Fruit the size of a pea truncate smooth “yellowish,” Kurz, “ blackish brown," Brandis.—Much of the above description is taken from Kurz. I follow Wight and Arnott in regarding Roxburgh’s V. confertum from Silhet as probably the same. . Var. ?/Edgeworthii; branches more robust, leaves very thickly coriaceous some- times 2} in. broad and 7-nerved.—Banda, on Zizyphus, Edgeworth.—This may be a different species. o 3. V. verruculosum, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 379; branches terete opposite and whorled, leaves petioled obovate oblong or rounded obtuse or acute base cuneate 3—5-nerved, peduncles axillary 3-fld., flowers monoecious, '. fruit linear-oblong warted. V. monoicum ? Wight in Wall. Cat. 6875. D&ccAN PENINSULA ; on the Dindygul Hills, alt. 25Q0 ft., Wight. Branches rather slender, terete, branchlets angular. Leaves }-1} in, black when dry, not thickly coriaceous. Flowers as in V. orientale, of which it is (as suggested by Wight and Arnott) perhaps a variety, but according to Wight the fruit is very different, being long slender and warted. -Thwaites unites it with orientale, but gives no reason. f ` 4. V. orientale, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 737; branches terete or angled and grooved opposite and whorled, leaves petioled from obovate to elliptic oblong and linear oblong obtuse 3-5.nerved, base narrowed or rounded, flowers few or many in sessile or peduncled clusters moncecious, fruit glo- bose smooth. DC. Prodr. iv. 278; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 324; Brand. For, F1.393; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 324; Blume Fl. Jav. Loranth. t. 94, 95; Benth. Fl. Austral. iii. 396; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 804; Wall. Cat. 491. V. verticillatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 764. V. Heyneanum, DO. l. c. V. indicum, Rottl. mss. * BENGAL, BEHAR, and CHITTAGONG, and thence southward to SINGAPORE and TRAVANCORE. , CEYLON ; Central Province, ascending to 7000 ft.—DisTr1B. Malay Islands, China, New Guinea, Australia. A rather large much-branched shrub, black or brown when dry ; branches often ` very slender, branchlets angular. Leaves rarely more than 1 ip., often unequal. Flowers winute, rarely more than 5. Flowers as in V. foliatum, but perianth usually 3-cleft. Fruit the size of a pea (Kurz), * purple, copiously minutely dotted,” W. & A.—I cannot distinguish between specimens wit deeply grooved and angled branches, and those with terete ones, there are so many intermediates. 5. V. orbiculatum, Wight Te. t. 1016, and Spec. Neilgherr. t. 86; branches and branchlets acutely angled and deeply grooved, leaves petioled elliptic oblong or rounded much waved obtuse 3-5-nerved, flowers 3-5 1n - sessile or peduncled axillary clusters, fruit oblong rounded at both ends.’ Niteuiri Hinrs, Wight, Herb. Hohenack, Viscum.] I CXXXIL LORANTHACER, (J. D. Hooker.) 225 I doubt this being anything but a form of V. orientale with the main branches angled and grooved and leaves much waved. 6. V. ovalifolium, Wall. Cat. 489; branches stout terete, leaves petioled very coriaceous elliptic or oblong rarely ovate obtuse 3-5-nerved, owers dicecious P crowded in axillary sometimes spicate clusters, perianth lobed, fruit oblong-ovoid. DC. Prodr. iv. 278; Kurz For. Fl.ii. 325. V. obtusatum, Wall. Gat. 494; DC.l.c. . TrNassERIM, Griffith, Lobb, &c. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 2739), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 696). PENANG, Wallich.— Disrris, China, Ava. . This resembles a very large stout form of V. orientale with larger very thickly coriaceous leaves 2-4} in. long, and more numerous flowers clustered at the axils and nodes, Perianth 4-merous.—V. ovalifolium (and V. obtusatum) are reduced to varieties of V. orientale by Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 1, 805, perhaps correctly. 7. V. capitellatum, Sm. in Rees Cycl. xxxvii ; dwarf, branches short terete very stout, leaves shortly petioled ovate obovate spathulate or orbicular yncave above obscurely 3-nerved tip rounded base cuneate upper smaller linear-oblong, flowers 3-6 terminating solitary fascicled or whorled pedun- cles, fruit ovoid. DC. Prodr. iv. 279; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 380. V. mangiferæ, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6878. V. verticillatum, Herb. Rottl. Dxccaw PENINSULA ; from Canara at Sindolé, Ritchie, southwards. CEYLON, common, Thwaites. . ` À small species, forming much-branched tufts 6-10 in. long and broad, often Parasitic on other Loranthacee. Leaves 4-1 in. long, and often as broad, apparently fina hts wanting, Peduncles very variable in length, j in. or less; bracts Nnded, 8. V. ramosissimum, Wall. Cat. 6876; branches terete very long and slender, leaves 0 or very few sessile petioled obovate or linear-oblong or “cuneate tip rounded base cuneate obscurely 3-nerved, flowers 1-3 minute Sessile, fruit subglobose minute. Wight §& Arn. Prodr. 380. Deccan PENINSULA ; on the Ghats and low grounds, from the Concan southwards. ? SINGAPORE, Murton. CEYLON; on Rhododendron at Maturata, 7'rimen. " Branches 10-18 in. long, striate; internodes 1-2 in. long, nodes hardly swo, tha ‘Contracted. Leaves 1 in., coriaceous, only one or two pairs at the bases o M e main branches in a few specimens, the majority are leafless. —It is not easy to dis- ünguish some specimens of this from V. angulatum. The Singapore specimens are Imperfect ; if not ramosissimum, they are probably an undescribed species. M Leafless. Perianth-lobes deciduous. ` V. angulatu Heyne mss.; DO. Prodr. iv. 283; leafless, branches angled long and slender nodes not swollen or contracted, flowers : We minute sessile solitary or whorled at the nodes, perianth-lobes ey oo wht & Arn. Prodr. 380; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. FL 110; Benth. Fl. astral. iii, 396; Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt, 1, 806; Wall. Cat. 49 mr “Hennatum, Herb. Hohen. n. 1478. V. ramosissimum, Wight Ic. t. 1017. Drocay PENINSULA; on the Ghats and low grounds, from the Concan southwards. DISTRIB. Java Australia. i i ks abit of V, ramosissimum, but never so slender as that sometimes is, and aways à fless as far as is known; main stem terete, branches acutely 4-angled or (when ry) many-angled below, VOL. v, N 226 ` CXXXIL LORANTHACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Viscum. 10. V. articulatum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 311; leafless, branches flat- tened, internodes 1-2 in. striate and furrowed when dry contracted at the nodes, flowers very minute fascicled in cup-shaped bracts at the tops of the internodes, perianth-lobes deciduous. DC. Prodr. iv. 984; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat.i. pt. 1, 806; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 325. V. attenuatum, DC. L. c. ; Wight & Arn. Prodr. 380; Brand. For. Fl. 394. V. moniliforme; Blume Bijd. 667, and Fl. Jav. Loranth. t.25 B; DC.l. c. V. fragile, Wall. Cat. 498. V. compre8sum, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. 861; DC.'1. c.; Blume Fl. Jav. Loranth. t. 24. V. fragile, Wall. mss. in DC. l. c. V. aphyllum, Griff. Notul. iv. 634, and Ic. Pl, Asiat. t. 630, SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Chamba, ascending to 3000 ft., eastward to Sikkim. Assam, MISHMI and the Kmasra Mrs., ascending to 6000 ft., and south- ward to TRAVANCORE, MALACCA and CEvLoN.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands. A pendulous much di-tri-chotomously branched green shrub, yellow or black when dry ; internodes very variable in length and breadth, 1-2 by 4-3 in. Flowers few or numerous in the cup-shaped bracts, 3-4-merous, arranged in depressed 3-fld. spikes, of which the lateral flowers are usually male; males with reflexed perianth- lobes; females bibracteolate with erect deciduous perianth-lobes. Fruit subglobose, yellow, smooth.—I think there can be no doubt of this common plant being Burmann $ V. articulatum and Blume's V. moniliforme, which latter name is usually given to V. japonicum. There are two states of it. V. ARTICULATUM proper; more slender, internodes rarely 4 in. broad. . War. dichotoma, Kurz For. Fl ii. 325; much stouter, internodes thicker and broader often j in. broad. V. dichotomum, Don Prodr. 147; DC. Prodr. iv. 284. V. elongatum, Wall. Cat. 495 ; DC. l.c. V. nepalense, Spreng. Syst., Cur. Post. 47. V. opuntioides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 764 ; Wall. Cat. 496. Viscum sp., Griff. Notul. iv. 636, and Je. Pl. Asiat. t. 632. — Common in the Himalaya, Khasia Mts., the higher hills of Pegu, and the Deccan Peninsula.— Harvey (FU. Cap. ii. 581) gives this as a native of South Africa, but describes the fruit as mostly warted, which is not the case in the Indian plant. ** Teafless. Perianth-lobes persistent. ll. V. japonicum, Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 329; a small - tufted leafless species, branches flattened contracted at the nodes, internodes 1-1 in. long, flowers very minute fascicled in cup-shaped bracts at the tips of the internodes, perianth-lobes persistent. DC. Prodr. iv. 283. y: Opuntia, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 64. V.articulatum, Miquel Prol. Fl. Jap. 2975 Frach. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 406; Mazim. Diagn. xx. 616; Benth. an Hongk. 141, and Fl. Austral. iii. 396. V.teenioides, Comm. in Thou. Me Obs. 43; DC. l. c. 983; Baker Fl. Maurit. 135. V. moniliforme, Wig & Arn. Prodr. 380; Wight Ic. t.1018, and Spic. Neelgherr. t.87 ; Kurz For: FI. ii. 325 (not of Blume). V. articulatum, Brand. For. Fl. 393. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 6877 (not of Wight & Arn.). TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Murree to Kumaon, alt. 5-7000 ft. Kast Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft. Matacoa, on Mt. Ophir. NiraHiRI MTS., ascending br 7000 ft., Wight, &c. CEYLON, in the most elevated parts of the Central Province. DisTRIB. Mauritius, China, Japan, Australia. fted Much smaller than F. articulatum, erect, rarely 6 in. high, usually densely te » very variable in the breadth of the internodes. Inflorescence as in V. articulat eu but perianth-segments (3-4) persistent. Fruit 4, in. long, ellipsoid.—This very Jast tinct species is usually referred to the Javanese V. moniliforme, Blume. Of ru at .I haye seen no authentic specimens, but its author describes it as abundas, ig Bintenzorg, where V. japonicum is not likely to be found. I have seen no Jac ty . specimens of V. japonicum, and it is not described in Miquel’s Flora. Miquel," ;5 no doubt, refers Blume’s moniliforme.to articulatum, which is very common 1n acti- Wallich’s No. 6877 consists of several fragments of this, but there has been ** dentally fastened on the same sheet a scrap apparently of V. orientale. Viseum.] CXXXII LORANTHACEH, (J. D. Hooker.) 227 3 Var. eoraloides, Wight Ic. t. 1019 ; dicecious, branchlets narrower, all female.— iii Hills, abundant, Wight (who states that he has never found male OWers). DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. V. Rossum, Wight in Wight & Arn. Prodr. 380; Wall. Cat. 6879.— Wight and Wallich's plants consist of nothing but fragments of branches resembling those of V. album. The flowers are described as fascicled at the nodes, but there are none in the specimens. It is a native of the Dindygul Hills in the Southern Carnatic. ;V.? HETERANTHUM, Wall. Cat. 488; DC. Prodr. iv. 279 (V. latifolium, Ham. in Don Prodr.142. V. platyphyllum, Spreng. Cur. Post. 47; DC. l c.), is Henslovia heterantha, Hook. f. & Thoms. V. Watticntanum, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 379 (excl. syn. V. Wightianum); stem and branches terete, whorled opposite or dichotomously, nodes swollen leaves 2-24 in. flat very stoutly petioled very thick and coriaceous oblong obscurely 3-nerved base cuneate, flowers unknown.—There is a scrap of this in Wight's Herbarium without locality ; it a good deal resembles V. album, but is, I think, distinct. There are also fragments of it in Wallich’s Herbarium, fastened on the sheet with V. Wightianum, Wight & Arn. (not Wallich), and numbered 491, which is V. orientale, a very different plant. V. Wieutianum, Wight d Arn. Prodr. 380 (not of Wallich); stem and branches terete whorled or dichotomous, nodes thickened, leaves 2-2% in. very coria- Céous subsessile broadly elliptic rounded at both ends tip rounded grey and opaque when dry nerves very obscure, flowers unknown.—A pparently a very distinct species, of which there are fragments in Wight’s Herbarium without locality, and in Wallich’s mixed with V. Wallichianum. 2. ARCEUTHOBIUM, Rich. Minute green leafless parasites, with the leaves reduced to opposite scales in which the very minute ebracteolate dicscious ? solitary flowers are sunk. ervanth as in Viscum, but 2-5-partite, and always persistent. Anthers globose, bursting transversely.—Species 5-6, S. Europe, W. Asia, N. erica, A. minutissimum, Hook f.; stem none but the inconspicuous stock that ramifies within the bark and which the minute branches perforate but scarcely rise above the surface, appearing as a 2-lipped cup, male fl. sessile i the cup 3-5-partite, fem. fl. pedicelled. Kumaon HIMALAYA, alt. 10,700 ft., on Pinus excelsa, Duthie. The most minute dicotyledonous plant that I can call to mind. 3. NOTOTHIXOS, Oliv. Dichotomously branched parasitic hoary or tomentose shrubs. Leaves 9PPosite, Hat, coriaceous. Flowers minute, monecions, in unisexual heads, Or spikes, like those of Viseum, but the subsessile anthers are broad, erect, many-celled and lobulate ? and dehisce by pores or a transverse slit at the "pex.— Species 4, a Cingalese and three Australian. ‘a N. floccosus, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. vii. 104; densely woolly mentose, branched, leaves orbicular or broadly ovate obtuse, flowers Spi l . : saites Brum anthers bursting by many pores. Viscum floccosum, Thwaites SEYLON ; in the Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora Districts, Thwaites. uch branched; branches slender, young tomentose. Leaves Q we —} in. long, n2 228 CXXXII LORANTHACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Notothixos: petioled, ovate, 3-nerved and transversely veined, coriaceous, glabrous above with sunk nerves, beneath densely clothed with ochreous woolly tomentum ; petiole 4-1 in. woolly. Flowers few, terminal in short spikes. Anthers 8-celled and lobed. Perianth-lobes 3-4, triangular, acute, persistent. Style very short, conical. ive ovoid, white, 4 in. long.—Hardly generically separable from Viscum, but the habit an woolliness are those of Notothixos. 4. GINALLOA, Korth. Parasitic very slender glabrous shrubs, with the habit of the leafy Viscums, but the flowers are spicate, the branches have usually a thickening at the base like a sheath, and the anthers are. didymous 2-celled and open by slits lengthwise.—Species 4, Malayan. * Flowers in a cupular bract. l. G. Helferi, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 326; leaves linear-cuneate 3-3 in. dam tip rounded or emarginate 5-nerved. ` Viscum Helferi, Pres! Epimel. ot.296. . TENASSERIM, Helfer. . 2 in Leaves 3-4 in., tapering to the sessile base, thinly coriaceous. Spikes 1- ru terminal or in the forks, very slender. Flowers minute; perianth-segments ? triangular, acute. .Anthers large, sessile, : . 2. G. spathulifolia, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 103; leave linear or narrowly linear-spathulate 3-4 in diam. nerves very obscure . Viscum spathulifolium, Thwaites Enum. 136. CEYLON ; on Adams Peak, Gardner, Thwaites. ` tuse Leaves 2-3 in., tapering to the sessile base, thinly coriaceous, tip obtuse or ^N tri. Spikes 1-2 in., terminal and in the forks, very slender. Perianth-segments 9, angular, at length deciduous. Ovary narrowly. oblong. Fruit ellipsoid, nearly § 1 ong. ** Flowers sunk in the fleshy rachis of the spike. 3. G. andamanica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 309, and For. Fl. ii. 326; leaves thickly coriaceous petioled obovate or obova oblong obscurely 3-5-nerved. | SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLAND, Kurz. 11-2 in. A rather large parasite; stem terete, dichotomously branched. Leaves ^37 b long, tip rounded; petiole very short, stout, flat. Spikes 1-4 in., robust, ten and in the forks. Flowers minute, clustered, dicecious?, surrounded with a dilatation of the rachis ; perianth-segments 3, triangular. Fruit (unripe) elongate.— I have seen no specimens. OrpvErR CXXXIII. SANTALACEIE. Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite, quite entire, sr times scale-like or 0, exstipulate, nerves inconspicuous. Inflorescence yane f flowers inconspicuous, green, usually bracteate and bracteolate, reg ite! 1-2-sexual. Perianth superior or inferior, 3—8-toothed -lobed or -part > lobes with often a tuft of hair behind the anthers. Stamens 3-6, 1nse els the lobes above rarely on the base of the perianth and opposite them ; an rior 2-celled. Disk various, epigynous or perigynous. Ovary inferior pe ; in Champereia), l-celled ; style usually short, stigma entire or 3-6-lo Thesium.] CXXXIII. SANTALACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) l 229 ovules 2-3, adnate to, or pendulous from, a central column (solitary and basal in Champereia). Fruit a nut or drupe. Seed globose or ovoid ; testa thin or obsolete; albumen copious, fleshy; embryo usually terete.—Genera 28, species 220, temperate and tropical. . TRIBE I. Thesiere. Perianth j-superior, tube adnate to the base of hard ovary, and usually produced above it. Disk 0, Fruit a very small u Flowersspicate. . . . . . . 4... ee sc. s. S l THESIUM. Tesz II. Osyridese. Perianth superior, tube adnate to the ovary, not produced above it. Fruit a drupe. | * Anther-cells distinct, parallel. 2. PYRULARIA. 8. SANTALUM. 4. OsYRIS. L] * Amen with interposed processes. Leaves alternate . . tamens with interposed processes. Leaves opposite . . tamens without interposed processes. Leaves alternate. . . ** Anther-cells divergent or confluent. Parasitic shrubs, Flowers minute, cymose or fascicled . . . $ aves alternate. Filaments 2-fid . . . . e © © èe o mall leafless parasitic shrubs. . . . . s sc orn 5. HENSLOVIA. 6. SCLEROPYRUM. 7. PHACELLARIA. Trise III, Anthobolese. Perianth inferior, 3-4-partite. Ovary Superior or immersed in the disk. Ovule 1, erect. Flowers in slender axillary panicles, very minute . . e . + 8. CHAMPEREIA. 1. THESIUM, Linn. Slender perennial herbaceous root-parasites, rarely annual or shrubby. aves alternate, narrow, decurrent, 1~3-nerved. Flowers minute, greenish, ria tary and axillary or in 2-chotomous cymes, 2-sexual. Perianth adnate 9 the ovary, tube produced above it; lobes 5, rarely 4, with a tuft of hair on the face. Stamens 5-4, inserted at the base of perianth-lobes, included. 9 vary inferior; style short or long, stigma capitate or lobulate ; ovules 5, pendulous from a basal free often flexuous or crumpled column. Fruit > Sinuate drupe or nut, often ribbed. Embryo terete.—Species about 100, Won and tropical; all but 2 Brazilian species are natives of the Old & T have no sufficient materials for discriminating the Himalayan plants of this most Oublesome genus, which I provisionally include under T. himalense, itself probably 4 widely distributed W. and N. Asiatic plant, possibly also European. al l. T. himalense, Royle Ill. 322; stems procumbent or suberect very sender, leaves bracts and bracteoles linear, nut ellipsoid or globose its nerves rather faint crowned by the narrower perianth-tabe with linear Incuryed lobes. Edgeworth in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 88; A. DC. Prodr. xiv. T. multicaule, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & To? of Ledeb. WESTERN HIMALAYA; from the Chenab Valley to Kumaon, alt. 5-7000 ft., » GC Very closel : A lend d all y allied to Z, multicaule, but very much more slender, and usually tape abeng, Stem 6-18 in. Leaves scattered, l3 by jj-à in., 1-nerved. P erianth rous; lobes bearded within, obtuse, Style often exserted, stigma capitate. - 230 CXXXI. SANTALACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Thesium. Nut d in., with faint but distinct raised nerves and reticulations, —There appearing be several varieties of this plant, approaching T. divaricatum, T." montanw nee various other Oriental and Siberian species, which should probably all be united, their characters are very vague. . lobose.— © Var.? 1; perianth-lobes much shorter broadly ovate, nut more gto Tibet Garwhal, on the Niti Pass, alt. 11,5000 ft., Strachey Winterbottom. Ut» Heyde.—A more alpine plant than T. himalense proper, and possibly +. tauicum, Kar. & Kir. hes divaricate, Var. ? 2; stems slender straggling and much branched, the brane es at Vatar, leaves very much more slender, flowers minute.—North- West Himalaya, a , Brandis; Garwhal, Strachey & Winterbottom (Thesium 2). in the Tibetan Var. 3? pachyrhiza; stems very numerous procumbent from (int e i rait specimens) a stout woody rootstock as thick as the little finger, leaves slender, rved (in Sikkim specimens) ellipsoid or depressed globose crowned with Tinear 500 bs perianth-lobes, —Heights above Kibas, Thomson. Sikkim, at Tungu, alt. 11- , tock ; J. D. H.—]1 think this is nothing but a state of T. himalense,. witha very old roots ‘tion ` the form of the nut is so variable as to afford no distinctive character, and its nerva is that of the other forms included under himalense. 2. T. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4037; stems numerous branching from the base procumbent leafy, leaves very many uniform linear-lanceo the acute tips often bleached, bract and bracteoles hardly longer than d globose reticulated 10-nerved nut which is crowned by the short AU perianth-lobes. 4. DC. Prodr. xiv. 647 ; Wight Ic. 1852 (exclude fig. g anthers). T. nilagiricum, Miguel in Analect. Mel. iii. 15, and in Hohenack. | Pl. Ind. Or. No. 973. Ab Niente Hints, Wight, &c. Conoor, alt. 7-7500 ft., Clarke.— DISTBIP. Ss1nia Branches straggling, sometimes a foot long. Leaves 1-4 by in., almost n minate, rather fleshy. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-nate, minute, sessile. Stamen glabrous. Style short, stigma capitate. Nut |y in. diam., with prominent longitudinal nerves and impressed reticulations. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. . THESIUM sp. ? from Murgulla, in the Salt Range, Vicary.—Apparently a tall very slender erect species, with long branches, scattered leaves, and the inflorescence àn flowers of the common forms of P. himalense. It is perhaps T. multicaule, Ledeb. . 2, PYRULARIA, Michaux. Trees or shrnbs. Leaves alternate, deciduous, membranous. Flows polygamous, axillary or in terminal cymes, bracteolate. Perianth-tube ae d in the male, in the fem. adnate to the ovary; lobes 5, valvate, hairy on s face. Stamens 5, inserted at the bases of the perianth-lobes with the anthers adhering to the hairs. Disk of scales between the stamens. Ovary inferior ; style columnar, stigma capitate; ovules 2-3, pendulous from a free re straight basal column. Drupe large, pyriform, obovoid or globose. >° , globose; embryo short, subterete, near the top of the albumen.— Species ^ a Himalayan and N. American. ` b P. edulis, 4. DC. Prodr. xiv. 628; leaves ovate oblong or elliptic-oblong acuminate young with long hairs beneath, male fl. in hirsutely tomen Ew panicles, fem. solitary, fruit pyriform. Spherocarya edulis, Wall. N : 4033, and in Rowb. T Ind. Ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 371, and Tent. Fi. p: 19, t. 10, copied in Wight Ic. t. 255; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 320. vestita, Wall. C-t. 7207. . CENTRAL AND EasTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nepal Wallich. Sikkim, alte Pyrularía.] CXXXIII. SANTALACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 231 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. Mishmi Hills, in Upper j 4-5000 fi. Wallick, a PP Assam, Griffith. KHASIA MTS., alt, i A large or small thorny deciduous leaved tree; branches stout, youngest villous ; ants large, of pale broad silky rounded imbricating scales. Leaves 3-7 in., rather eshy, rarely obovate-oblong, quite entire ; nerves few, very oblique, sunk above, very Prominent beneath, petiole 1-1 in. Male racemes 1-3 in. terminal and axillary ; flowers pedicelled, about à in. diam., ebracteate. Perianth-lobes triangular, ‘acute. Fl. fem. Ovary clavate, pubescent ; style short. Drupe 14-2 in. long, narrowed into the stout peduncle, crowned with the perianth-lobes; epicarp tough; sarcocarp glutinous, traversed by vessels ; endocarp globose. 3. SANTALUM, Linn. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, coriaceous. owers axillary or in terminal trichotomous paniculate cymes, 2;sexnal ; bracts minute. Perianth-tube adnate to the base of the ovary, campanulate or ovoid; lobes 4, rarely 5, valvate, with a tuft of hair on the face. Stamens » Short, united at the bases of the lobes. Disk of scales between thé stamens. Ovary at first free, at length half-inferior ; style elongate, stigma 2-3-lobed ; ovules 2-3, inserted'below the summit of a long acumi- nate central free column, reflexed. Drupe subglobose, top annulate by the eciduous perianth. Seed subglobose; embryo terete, slender.— Species about 8, Indian, Malayan, Australian and Pacific. S. album, Linn. Sp. Pl. 497; leaves elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or subacute base acute, panicles terminal and lateral, pedicels about equalling the perianth-tube. —.4. DC. Prodr. xiv. 683; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 442, and Ed. Carey & Wall. i. 462; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 177; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 224; Brand. For. Fl. 398; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 329; Beddome FT. Sylv. t. 256; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 321; Dict. Sc. Nat. t. 5 (except the hairs), copied in Spach Hist. Veg. t. 25; Hayne .Arnz. Gewachs, x. t. 1; Bentl. $ Trimen Med. Pl. iii. t. 292; Griffith in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 59, t. 1-3; Bot. Mag. t. 8235. S. myrtitolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 444, and Ed. Carey § Roxb. i. 464. §. verum, Linn. Mat. Med. 102. Sirium myrtifolium, Roxb. Cor, Pl. i. t. 2; Fleming in As. Research. xi. 181 (Syriam). Sanda. . jum album, Rumph. Amb. ii. 42, t. 11.—Ohandana, Jones in As. Research- lv. 253. Deccan PENINSULA; from near Poona on the west and Midnapoor on the east, Southwards, on dry hills, ascending to 3000 ft.; cultivated elsewhere. A small evergreen glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, 14-2 in. long, pale brown when dry, thin, narrowed ihto a slender petiole }-} in., glaucous beneath; nerves faint. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, pedicels opposite; flowers j in. dium., at first straw-cold., then blood-red, inodorous even when bruised. Drupe globose, 81Ze of a cherry, black when ripe, flesh juicy ; endocarp hard, with 3 short ribs Trom the tip downwards.— The S. myrtifolium of the Concan with narrower undulate leaves And less scented wood is regarded by Roxburgh as a very distinct species, and by € Candolle as a variety. Brandis, however, unites them, and I follow him as the test Indian authority. Roxburgh’s dried specimens show no character, 4. OSYRIS, Linn. Leaves alternate. Flowers small, Glab : . J!abrous shrubs; branches angular "Perianth-tube solid in the male axillary, solitary or cymose, polygamous. : fl., in the fem. adnate. to the ary ; lobes 3-4, triangular, valvate, with a tuft of hair on the face. Stamens 4-5, short, inserted at thé base of the obes; anther-cells separate. Disk angled between the stamens. Ovury 232 CXXXIII. SANTALACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Osyris. inferior; style short or long, stigma 3—4-fld. ; ovules 2-4, pendulous from a short stout central placenta. Drupe globose or ovoid. “Seed globose; embryo terete or with cotyledons dilated.—Species 5 or 6, S. European, African and Indian. O. arborea, Wall. Cat. 4035; leaves subsessile elliptic-lanceolate -oblong or -obovate mucronate acute or acuminate base acute, male cymes in axillary peduncled clusters umbels racemes or fascicles, fem. subsoliiary (1-3) on long slender pedicels, drupe subglobose. A. DC. Prodr. xiv. a Brand. For. Fl. 399. O. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4036 ; Wight Ic. t. 1853; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 177; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 223; A. DC. l c. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Simla to Bhotan (exclusive of Sikkim), ascending to 7000 ft. Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 4—6000 ft. 1 -À glabrous (except var. 8) shrub or small tree, black when dry ; branches acu angled, tips puberulous. Leaves 1-2 rarely 3 in. long, very variable in breadth, thickly coriaceous, midrib and nerves prominent beneath, or the latter faint. F lowers very minute. Drupe yellow, 4-1 in. diam. dois Hill Var. puberula, branchlets and leaves beneath finely puberulous.—Nilghiri Hills, Jerdon ; at Conoor, alt. 6000 ft., Beddome. Central Province, Thompson (Brandis), —I have not seen specimens of this variety from the Central Province. The Sind plant (no doubt from Beluchistan) collected by Stocks, cited as the same by Brandis, appears to me to be a very different species. . . ' . 5. HENSLO VIA, Blume. Parasitic shrubs with spreading, erect or twining branches. Leaves alternate, thickish. Flowers very minute, monecious or diecious, axillary or the females with stamens ; males subracemose or capitellate ; fem. solitary or few and clustered. Perianth-tube of male 0, of fem. adnate to the ovary globose ovoid or oblong; lobes 5-6, valvate. Stamens 5 or 6, inserted at the base or middle of the lobes, short, 0, or reduced to staminodes 1n n female fl. ; anthers didymous, with a few long soft hairs at the back. DS čoncave or convex. Ovary inferior; stigma subsessile, discoid or lobe; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the top of a stout central column. .Drupeovors obovoid, ellipsoid or subglobose; inner wall of hard endocarp protruded as 5-10 hard vertical plates into deep fissures of the stellately lobed seed. Embryo linear.—Species about 12, Indian, Malayan and Chinese. m The characters of the 12 species described in the Prodromus, and which are chiefly taken from Blume (Mus, Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 243), are utterly insufficient, and Em the imperfection of specimens I am at a loss to identify the Indian satisfactorily "li the Archipelagan species. H. Aeferantha, Vidal Sinops. Fam. y. Gen. Plant. Filip. t. 82, F, is Exocarpus latifolia, Br. 1. H. granulata, Hook.f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. ; branches pustt- late, lowers sessile on the top of very short .clustered peduncles which a clothed with imbricating rounded bracts, the 4-5 upper of which form & spreading involucre, males numerous, females 1 or few, fruit small obovol’s pyrene 5-furrowed. A. DC. Prodr. xiv. 632; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 328. EASTERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 4-7000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4989), J. D. H. KnasrA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. , A small parasitic shrub, with erect and spreading stout branches. Leaves 1-2 r long, from obovate to roundly spathulate, contracted into a distinct petiole, 5-9- nervcd. Clusters of peduncles ‘very numerous, 4-3 in. long; bracts with mem- branous subciliate margins, upper largest. Flowers quite sessile ; perianth 5-lohed j Henslovia.] CXXXIII. SANTALACER., (J. D. Hooker.) 233 females without stamens, Stigma pulvinate, sessile, obscurely lobed.—I find no difference between A. De Candolle’s var. Sikkimensis and the Khasia plant. The bracts are not more than half a line long (about 4, in.). .2. H. heterantha, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Herb. Ind. Or.; branches smooth or sparingly pustulate, flowers sessile on the top of very short solitary or clustered peduncles which are bracteate at the base and tip only, the bracts at the tip forming a spreading involucre, males numerous, females l or few, fruit small elliptic-oblong, pyrene 5-6-furrowed. A. DC. Prodr. xiv. 632 (excl. syn. H. JSrutescens); Kurz For. Fl. ii. 328. P H. umbellata, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 213; A. DC. l.c. 680. Viscum ? heteranthum, Wall. Cat. 488; DC. Prodr. iv. 279. `V. latifolium, Ham. in Don Prodr. 142; DCLe V. platyphyllum, Spreng. Cur. Post. 47. 0. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Nepal, Hamilton, Wallich. SIKKIM, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H. ? Peau and MARTABAN, alt. 4-7000 ft., Kurz. —DiISTRIB. ava. . A small parasitic shrub, with erect and spreading rough usually pale-brown branches, often minutely pustular. Leaves very variable, elliptic ovate or rounded, 1-4 in. long; sometimes as broad and orbicular, 5-9-nerved, narrowed into the petiole. Flowers about the size of H. granulata; females without or with very imperfect stamens; stigma very shortly 5-lobed, subsessile. Fruit red, tasting of Pyrus eueuparia in Sikkim (1 in. long and less); yellow in the Martaban plant, Kurz.— Kurz describes two. varieties from Martaban, Aeterantha proper, with 5-merous sessile 9r subsessile flowers, and coriacea with 6-merous shortly pedicelled. flowers. The ong Kong H. frutescens, Benth., united with heterantha by A. DC., is, I think, dif- ferent, haviug fewer nerves, a much larger fruit,and pedicelled male flowers: it is described as terrestrial. ar. P sessiliflora; flowers quite sessile.— Khasia Mts., on Oaks near Nowgong. 3. H. Lobbiana, 4. DC. Prodr. xiv. 631; branches terete twining Smooth or faintly granulate, male flowers very minute few spicate, wards the tips of short strict clustered peduncles which are bracteate only at the base and under each flower, females on short fascicled bracteate Pedicels, fruit globose or shortly oblong, pyrene nearly smooth obscurely -furrowed, stigma stellately 5-lobed. istri N Penana, Lobb. 3 on the top of Government Hill, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 9. 1315), Curtis. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1313). — me creeper according to Maingay, some of the branches of whose specimens are Wining, Leaves from obovate-spathulate to orbicular, very coriaceous, dark bortly when dry, Peduncles of male spikes 4-} in. long; flowers sessile or very shortly Pedicelled, so in. diam., subglobose. Pedicels of female 7-35 in. long; bracts very minute in both sexes Perianth-tube ‘of female longer than the pedicel; lobes 5, each with a stamen.—I have described this from Lobb’s specimens (No. 334), which "i from Penang (not Singapore), as are those of Maingay and Curtis. 1 do not he the leaves to be punctato-verrucose beneath as described by A. De Candolle, nor © perianth-lobes ag pilose. 4 H. varians, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 244, t. 43; branches . terete twining nearly liar male fl. ra pihaa or clastered on stout peduncles which are bracteate at the base and under each flower, females Vu pedicelled, fruit shortly ellipsoid, endocarp 5-furrowed and rugose, vas, C- Prodr. xiv. 631. ? H. philippinensis, A. DC. l. e. Dendrotrophe veri Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 780. - -, NASSERIM ; Mergui, Gri w Distrib. 4390, 4392). Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1316/2)" P Quas (Ns Mio). Dietari: Borneo. . ery closely allied to H. Lobbiana, but the leaves arc much paler when dry, with 234 CXXXIII BANTALACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Henslovia. usually a more slender petiole, the male flowers are larger and more racemose, 1.8. longer pedicelled, and the common peduncle is longer; the females also are longer . pedicelled, and have longer bracts, the stigma is very obscurely lobed, not stellately rayed as in Lobbiana. The female flowers of the Tenasserim specimens have very minute imperfect anthers, those of Borneo, as figured by Blume, have perfect ones. The Malaccan plant of Cuming described by A. De Candolle as H. philippinensis is from Malacca; it'has very slender male racemes, and may be Blume’s H. opine h which according to De Candolle differs in the 6-merous perianth (a ian e s value) and glandular flowers.. My Bornean specimens of varians are very insuthcien Maingay's has leaves 4 by 2-3 in. 5. H. buxifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 244; branches smooth terete spreading and twining, flowers minute bisexual on short simple pedicels or sessile on branched few-fld. very short peduncles wien are 2-4-bracteate under the flower, fruit minute globose 4-6-furrowed E rugose, stigma discoid lobed subsessile. 4. DC. Prodr. xiv. 631. Dendro- trophe buxifolia, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 781. Osyris rotundata, Griff Notul, iv. 742, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 627, f. 11. Matacca; in littoral woods, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4391), Cuming (No. 2366).— DistRis. Borneo, Habit of H. Lobbiana, but the flowers are in much shorter branched peduncles, apparently all hermaphrodite, with very small lobes, the fruit is not 3 1n. diam., & the stigma more shortly lobed. Griffith describes the ovules as 5.. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. H. ERYTHROOARPA, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. xiii, (1875) 329; branches striate, leaves oval or oval-oblong narrowed into a broad petiole 3-nerved very ers 14-24 in. long coriaceous opaque glabrous, veins distinct above invisible a fruifs 1-4 in the leaf axils subelliptic-globose size of a large pea orange yellow smoo shortly stipitate.—On trees in woods of Kamorta, Tenasserim, Kurz. HENSLOVIA sp., Tenasserim or Andamans, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4393); 4 rounded 3-5-nerved, petiole short broad, fruit subglobose 3 in. long, endocarp rug HENSLOVIA sp., Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1314) ; leaves very coriaceous broadly oblong, petiole short stout, fruit globose } in, long stipitate smooth or nearly so, with many locelli. 6. SCLEROPYRUM, Arnott. Trees, often spiny. Leaves alternate, coriaceous. Flowers in oh catkin-like spikes at the leafless nodes, polygamous. Perianth-tube 0 bats solid, of fem. adnate to the ovary; lobes 5, valvate or subimbrica™ Stamens 5, inserted at the bases of the lóbes short, filaments 2-fid; ant OF cells separate, dehiscing transversely. Disk annular. Ovary inten of style short, stout, stigma large peltate; ovules 3, pendulous from the top a central column. Drupe pyriform, pedicelled. Seed subglobose; embryo terete.—Species 2, Indian. l. S. Wallichianum, Arn. in Jard. Mag., Zool. & Bot. n. (1858) 550; a spinous glabrous tree except the finely tomentose infloresce * leaves elliptic ovate or oblong obtuse, perianth-lobes imbricate. Wig oe t, 241. Sphwrocarya Wallichiana, Wight & Arn. in Ed. Phil. Journ. $ (1832) 180. Pyrularia Wallichiana and P. ceylanica, A. DC. Pr pror 629; Beddome For. Fl. t. 304. ? Champereia Perrottetiana, Baill. iii. 125.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 18 (fem.), and vii. t. 30 (male). as DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Western Ghats, from the Concan southwards, Sderopyrum.] cxxxmr sawTALAOEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 235 [ood 5000 ft. in Coorg. CEYLON, in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., Branches very stout and woody, bark pale. Z i in ; „and pale. Leaves 3-6 in. penninerved, and the med at the base, which is sometimes cordate ; petiole 4 in. Racemes 1-2 in. long, minuta. f and peduncle stout, of female thickening much after flowering; bracts imbri ai owers reddish. Perianth jj in. diam.; segments ovate, subacute, distinctly ` lon "i m ih one outer, all with a tuft of hairs behind the stamens. Fruit 1 in. $ "d ont 2 M the very stout pedicel, crowned with the persistent perianth.— Wight FA he e leaves as sometimes cordate, upon which A. De Candolle founds his var. ten’ quoting under it “S. Wallichianum, Bertie in Wight Ic. t. 241 ;” but Wight Live Arnott as the author both of the genus and species, and I do not find any Sueco to the name Bertie in Wight or elsewhere. I have referred with doubt on’s Champereia Perrottetiana to this plant, of which it may be an unarmed Owerlng specimen with an occasionally 4-merous flower. f A S. Maingayi, Hook. f.; unarmed (always?) glabrous, except the ah y tomentose inflorescence, leaves oblong or ovate obtuse, perianth-lobes valvate. P Pyrularia moschifera, 4. DC.; Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 228. Matacca ; Maingay. - . but d medium-sized tree," Maingay, resembling 8. Wallichianum in habit and foliage, kun ee branches are unarmed, the flowers smaller, and the perianth-segments strongly n vate. Bentham in Gen, Plant. refers this doubtfully to Spherocarya moschifera, while Mus. Bot. i. 245 (Pyrularia moschifera, A. DC.), a plant I have not seen, but the is described as having leaves acuminate and pubescent beneath, and in which 8 d stamens are not described as bifid. P. moschifera is more probably a true p^crocarya.—] have seen no fem. fl. or fruit of Maingay’s plant. s DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. . PHEROCARYA LEPROSA, Dalzell, is Strombosia ceylanica ; see Vol. I. 579+ 7. PHACELLARIA, Benth. Small leafless parasitic shrubs, stems fascicled. Flowers minute, scat- pred on the branches, solitary or fascicled, sessile or sunk in the branch, ° Uracteate, monccious. Perianth-tube of male solid, of fem. adnate to the they lobes 4-8, short, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the bases of e lobes, filament short thick; anther-cells diverging below. Disk flat. od y inferior; style short, stout, stigma entire or 3-lobed ; ovules 3, pen- tink from and appressed to the top of a conical central column. ruit n qu n. Species 3, Indian. * e Speci : : : . "m Preserved in spiri this genus should be described from specimens in a living state, or Hoty Pe rigidula, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 229; quite glabrous, stems gid terete crowded in a tuft on a small stock simple or sparingly branched, Perianth 4—5-cleft, py NASSERIM ; at Mergui, parasitic on a Loranthus, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 274 ibo tiem 4-6 inches long, strict, rather slender; broad? Flowers scattered along the branches, y; in. y triangular; females with a longer tube. : " P. compressa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 229; stems very stout Caberulously puberulous quite simple, perianth 5-8-cleft. TENASSERIM ; at Moulmein, Parish. uu " tems fewer from the stock than in P. rigidula, and quite simple, much stouter, Owering almost from the base, when dry } in. diam., described by Bentham as com. branches alternate, ascending, diam.; males subglobose, lobes > 236 CXXXII SANTALACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Phacellaria, pressed, but fresh specimens are necessary to confirm this. Flowers smaller even than in P. rigidula, with the lobes often cleft to the base. — 3. P. Wattii, Hook. f.; hoary, stems -much branched, branches stout, flowers clustered, perianth 5-cleft. , MANIPUR; on the mountains, alt. 7500 ft., Watt, growing on Loranthus. Stems 4-8 in. long, about }-in. diam., flexuous. Flowers larger than in the two former species, sometimes crowded in globose masses, hoary. 8, CHAMPEREIA, Grif. Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers minute, in 3—5-fld. axillary panicled cymes, 2-sexual (always P); bracts minute or 0. Perianth inferior; segments 5, valvate. Stamens 5, perigynous, cr ments longer than the perianth, filiform; anther-cells parallel. Dk shortly 5-lobed between the stamens. Ovary superior, half immersed in the disk; stigma sessile, broad; ovule solitary, erect in the centre of the ce Drupe ellipsoid, pedicelled. Seed conform to the drupe; embryo terete, radicle superior clavate.—Species 1 or 2, Malayan. C. Griffithiana, Planch. in Herb. Hook.; leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate acute or acuminate, male panicles very slender often exceeding the leaves. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 330 (Griffithii) —Champereia, Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 237. TENASSERIM, and the ANDAMAN IsLANDS, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4388), &c. Maracca and PENANG, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 375, 1316). A small tree; branches slender, bark very pale. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, ovate- oblong or lanceolate, very pale when dry, nerves slender ; petiole } in. Male panic : almost thread-like; flowers pedicelled, j in. diam. Fruiting panicles with wer branches. Drupe $ in. long, bright red, very shortly stoutly pedicelled, quite smoot d tip rounded.—Opilia manillana and Cumingiana of Baillon (Adansonia, Hl ) are very closely allied plants. Order CXXXIV. BALANOPHOREÆ. Low fleshy leafless or scaly brown, reddish or yellow root-parasites, without stomates. Flowers ‘monecious or diœcious, small or minute, crowded on spadix-like peduncled heads or cones; peduncles very stout, simple, annual or arising from an amorphous tuberous or æ branching annual or perennial rootstock. Marx rr. Perianth 0, or of 3-8-valvate lobes. Stamens 1-2 in the naked flowers; in the flowers with a pernan as many as its lobes and opposite them or more, filaments 0, or fleshy, free or connate ina column or tube; anthers free or connate, 2-many-ce “th opening by pores or valves, or bursting irregularly. FEM. FL. Periüne 0, or confluent with the ovary; limb 0, or minutely toothed. Ovary l-o- celled ; styles 1-2 or 0, stigmas simple or capitellate, rarely pulvinate ri sessile; ovule 1 in each cell, usually pendulous from the top, anatropous o atropous, naked or with a single integument, or reduced to an embryo- sac. Fruit minute, crustaceous or coriaceous, l-seeded. Seed usua nd adherent to the pericarp, testa very thin or 0 rarely thick, albumen dew y granular and oily, rarely floury; embryo most minute, undivided. Genera 14; species about 40, tropical or subtropical. | TRIBE. Eubalanophore:e. Perianth of male fl. 3-6-lobed, of female 0. Stamens connate in a column. Style 1. . 1, BALANOPHOBA .- Balanophora.] cxxxiv. BALANOPHORER. (J. D. Hooker.) 237 TRIBE. Helosidere. Perianth of male entire or 3-lobed ; of female confluent with the ovary, limb i 2-lipped. Styles 2. 2. RHOPALOCNEMIS. 1. BALANOPHORA, Forst. Glabrous fleshy herbs, with a tuberous rootstock warted with lenticels abounding in a waxy secretion. Peduncles bursting through the rootstock, which forms an irregularly toothed or lobed ring or short sheath at its base. Flowers minute, intermixed with clavate cellular bodies (bracteoles), monocious or dicecious. MALE FL. Perianth of 2-6 valvate lobes.: Stamens 2- œ, filaments 0, or connate in a solid column; anthers free or connate. Frw.rL. Perianth0. Ovary ellipsoid, compressed, 1-celled, narrowed into a slender style, stigma terminal; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit minute, crus- taceous. Seed globose, adhering to the pericarp, albumen oily; embryo subglobose, of 9-3-«ells.— Species about 12, Eastern Asiatic, Australian and Polynesian. hi * Scales of the peduncle forming an involucre. Anthers as the perianth- obes, . 1. B. involucrata, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 30 and 44, t. 4-7; involùcre of 2—4 scales connate to the middle, heads ovoid or globose. Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 144. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, on the roots of various trees; Simla, alt, 6000 ft., Thomson; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H. . Rootstock tuberous, lobed, 3—4 in. diam. Peduncles stout or slender, 1-6 in. long, cylindric or compressed, rarely fascicled, involucred about the middle, Male fl. with the tube of the perianth sunk in cavities of the heads, usually 3-merous. Anthers transversely oblong, bursting by transverse apical slits. Fem. jl, sometimes clustered round a clavate bracteole.—In Sikkim I distinguished four forms of this. a. rubra; peduncles and ovoid 2-sexual heads red. B. flava; peduncles and usually unisexual heads yellow. Y. gracilis; peduncles long and slender, and small unisexual heads yellow. ò. Catheartii 3 peduncles stout and (unisexual) heads white or yellow. » Scales of the peduncle scattered or imbricate. Anthers as many as the perianth-lobes. ..9. B. dioica, Brown in Wall. Cat. 7246, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. Xin. 227, in note; rootstock tuberous lobed or branched, scales of peduncle imbricate, heads cylindric usually l-sexual. Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Xxn. 30 and 45 ; Bichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 145; Royle Ill. 330, t. 99 (78) a. - elongata, Scholt. & Endl. Melet. xiii. in part (not of Blume); Fawcett m Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. B. Burmanniana, affinis, alveolata & picta, Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 93, 94, t. 3-6. TROFICAL and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; on roots of various trees, from Nepal Micheal, alt. 3-7000 ft., abundant. Kuasta Mrs, alt. 4-6000 ft. Burma, Rootstock a few inches to a foot in diameter, Peduncles 1-12 in., stout; scales laxly or densely imbricate, and heads white brown yellow or blood-red. Heads 1-3 in. long, cylindric ovoid or conoidal, females with sometimes a few male flowers at the ase, Perianth-lobes 3-6. Staminal column short or long; anthers bursting by curved slits.—A very variable plant. . 3. B. indica, Wail. Cat. 7247; rootstock tuberous lobed, scales o 238 /— OXXXIV. BALANOPHOREJ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Balanophora, eduncle scattered, heads obovoid or subglobose usually 1-sexual. Weddel Da Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, xiv. 167, t. 9, £. 11-22; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 30 and 46; Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 145 ; Fawcett in Journ. Tin Soc. ined. B. picta, Miquel, Pl. Hohen. 1272. B. gigantea, Wall. Qat. 7249. B. typhina, Wall. Cat. 7248/3. B. elongata in part, Hook. f Langsdorffia indica, Arn. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 205,906, and in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. 36. - DECCAN PENINSULA ; Nilghiri Mts., Wight. CEYLON, Thwaites, &c. — E Rootstock very variable in size, often very large. Peduncles 3-12 in. high stout (sometimes 1 in. diam.) or slender, and heads rosy, pale red brown or PEE Miri Flowers usually diwcious. Perianth 4—6-lobed.— Eichler has referred the 1 om specimen which I had assumed to be B. elongata to a var. (B. minor) of ni d (es: on account of its having only as many anther-cells as perianth-lobes, whilst B. et 2 gata has more (the number is not given for either species), and the anthora openi g by longitudinal slits. Mr. Fawcett informs me that B. gigantea may differ | d of B. indica in the rootstock being tessellate rather than warted, and devoi pustules. . - 4. B. Thwaitesii, Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 146; rootstock spal, peduncle a foot high clothed with oblong scales 1-2 in. long, scales 1m + cate oblong lacerate, male head ovoid. Fawcett in Journ. Linn, Soc. 1ned. B. indica, Thwaites, mss. CEYLON; Thwaites. ites, and Known only from a drawing in the Kew collection sent by Dr. Thwaites, - jes which represents either a gigantic male specimen of B. indica or a different PO the The whole plant is of a dirty-yellow colour, the perianth nearly } in. diam., an oblong head of anthers 3 in. long. *** Scales of peduncle imbricate.’ Anther-cells 20-60. 5. B. polyandra, Griff. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 94, t. 7 ; rootstock tuberous lobed, male heads cylindric, female ovoid or oblong. Hook. fit Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 30 and 47 ; Fawcett in Journ, Linn. Soc. ined. typhina, Wall. Cat. 7248 A, B. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; on roots of-trees, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H. Kuasta Mts. Wallich, Griffith, &c. . . General habit, colour and female flowers of B. involucrata, differing in the many celled head of anthers; the male flowers are the largest of the genus. ?. RHOPALOCNEMIS, Jungh. A very stout glabrous dicecious fleshy herb, with a large tuberous warted lobed rootstock. Peduncles many, very stout, bursting throug the rootstock, which forms a warted coriaceous irregularly lobed tube ronm their base. Heads cylindric ; flowers at first concealed under hexagon. connate peltate bracts, intermixed with dense masses of filiform cellular rate cesses (bracteoles or imperfect flowers). Marx rr. Perianth campan? at or funnel-shaped adnate below to the base of the staminal column ; shore entire. Stamens 3; filaments connate in a long exserted column ; ant nth connate, 2-4.celled, irregularly bursting at the top. Fem. FL. Per very confluent with the walls of the ovary, ellipsoid, compressed; limb bh - short, 2-lipped; styles 2, slender; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit pti ovate-oblong, turgid. Seed filling the cavity of the pericarp, consis a “of a very large horny embryo covered with a unicellular layer of en sperm,” Hoffmeister. Rhopaloenemis.] cxxxiv. parANOPHOREX. (J. D. Hooker.) 239 R. phalloides, Jungh. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. Suppl. 1. 233; Gæppert l. c. xxii. 1. 148, t. 11-15; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 92, t. 12; Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 138. Phaocordylis areolata, Griff: ia Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 100, t. 8. EASTERN NEPALESE and SIKKIM HIMALAYA; on roots of trees, alt. 6-8000 ft., J. D. H. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.—DrsTRIB. Java. Rootstock from the size of a pigeon’s egg to that of a man’s head, hard and rough, perennial; sheaths at the base of the peduncles short, 3-1 in. diam. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, 2 in. diam. or less, (and heads) pale brown, cylindric, smooth or of the male warted with scattered deformed bracts. Heads 3-8 in. long by 2-3 diam., the females most elongate; bracts 2 in. diam., formed of peltate stipitate truncate 6-sided pyramids, cohering by their edges and falling away in masses. Male Jlowers with the staminal column 3-4 in. long, projecting far beyond the dense velvety mass of filaments, Female Jl. most minute; styles bent down beneath the bracts, projecting as minute hairs when released.—The germination of this genus and of Bálanophora should be studied, for the structure of their seeds is very obscure. Order CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. .. Herbs shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or oppo- site, rarely divided or compound, usually stipitate. Inflorescence various; flowers usually small, often minute, always unisexual (in Huphorbia consist- ing of single gaked stamens in a perianth-like involucre, surrounding a solitary pistil). Perianth simple and calycine, rarely petioled, often wanting u one or both sexes, rarely double, with the inner of. 4~5 minute petals. tamens various ; anthers 2-celled, often didymous. Ovary superior, of 3, rarely more, or 2 carpels, more or less united together; styles as many as the carpels, free or united, entire or-divided, stigmatic surface usually on the inner face of the styles or style-arms # ovules 1-2 in each carpel, pendulous tom the inner angle of the cell, funicle often thickened. , Fruit either a capsule of 2-valved 1-2-seeded cocci separating from a persistent axis, or a rupe with 1-3 cells, or of one or more combined nuts. Seed lateral y attached at or above the middle of the cell, with or without an aril or thick- ening at the hilum. Embryo straight, in a fleshy albumen, „with n cotyledons and a superior radicle, very rarely exalbuminous with ! eshy cotyledons.—Genera 200 ; species about 3000, chiefly tropical; very rare in cold countries, . Various ornamental s ecies ef this Order are frequent in Indian gardens, espe- cially Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poit. (Kurz For. Fl. ii. 418; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Suppl. 76), a West Indiau succulent shrub allied to Euphorbia, but with d Scarlet slipper-shaped involucre, which is much cultivated in native gardens, and Planted in hedges; and various species of Croton with mottled green yellow an pe mvc and the scarlet bracted Poinsettia pulcherrima, which is a true " is both e American Æ. geniculata, Ortega (E. prunifolia, Jacq., Wall, Cat. 7690), is b Cultivated in gardens, and has been found apparently wild, but no doubt as an escapes in the Sutlej Valley. Others cultivated for useful purposes and epe saria apparently wild are the castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis, Linn., and zeæeari sebifera, Müller, both now so well naturalized iu India, that I have iutroduce d rem Into the Flora; as also the candle nut, Aleurites triloba, Forst., a tree, native ° P Pacific Islands, with oily albuminous seeds, that are used both as an illuminant an in cookery, The Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Kurz For. Fl. ii. 402), a South American tall herbaceous plant, with a tuberous root which yields Cassava bread and Tapioca appears to me to have no claim to be introduced into the Flora, though cultivate ere and there, Tarse I, Euphorbieæ. Flowers monocious; males numerous, con- 240 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) sisting of a solitary pedicelled stamen, surrounding a single female, which consists of a solitary pedicelled pistil, all enclosed in a calyx-like involucre. ]. EUPHORBIA. Trise II. Buxese. Flowers moncecious (in the Indian genera). Mate FL. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens opposite the sepals or numerous. FEM. FL. Sepals 4 or 6. Ovary 2-3-celled; cells 2-ovuled. Ovule with a dorsal raphe. i Leaves alternate . . . . . . . e © . . ee . 2. SaRCOCOCOR Leaves opposite . . . sss . . o « «© . o . . . 8 BUXUS. Tre III Phyllanthese. Flowers unisexual. Sepals 1-2-seriate. Petals very minute or 0. Stamens 1-2-seriate, outer series opposite the sepals, rarely in the centre of the flower. Ovary 2—-3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled. Cotyledons broad.—Inflorescence axillary or lateral. : * Leaves alternate, undivided. Petals present.—Male fl. clustered, axillary or at the nodes; female usually solitary. T Sepals valvate. Filaments united in a column. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a drupe. Venules of leaf parallel . 4. BRIDELIA. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit of 3cocci. Venules of leaf reticulate 5, CLEISTANTHUS. tt Calyximbricate. Filaments free or nearly so. . Albumen scanty . s . e . . . . © . . o o o o 6. ACTEPRILA. Albumen copious. . e . . . . . . . . . o o o 7. ANDRACHNE. ** Leaves alternate (rarely subopposite in Phyllanthus), undivided. Male fl. clustered, rarely subeymose; female usually solitary. Sepals imbricate. Stamens l- rarely 2-3-seriate. Styles slender or dilated at the tip only. - t Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci, rarely indehiscent in Phyllanthus. Sepals of male fl. thickened, with a white margin. Diffuse small-leaved herbs . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. AGYNEIA. Sepals of male fl. thickened at the base or bearing a scale. ° Shrubs with distichous thin leaves . . . 9. SAUROPUS. Sepals of male fl. naked, not thickened. "Styles usually bifid. Herbs shrubs or trees . . . . . ... . . 10, PHYLLANTHUS. Tt Fruit a 3-celled berry. Flowers diecious. Stamens5 . . . . . . . . . . Il. FLUEGGEA. ` Flowers monecious, Stamens3 . . . . . . . . .12. BREYNIA. - kkk Leaves alternate, undivided. Male fl. clustered at the axils or nodes. Sepals imbricate. Stamens usually numerous. Styles (or stigmas) very road. Stamens few. Styles short, spreading . . . . . . . 13. PUTRANJIVA. - Stamens many. Ovary l.celled ; stigma broad, sessile . . 14. HEMICYCLIA. Stamens many. Ovary 2-4-celled. Styles 3, short . . . 15. CxcLosrEMON. *** Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided. Male fl. in axillary clas or very short densely clustered racemes; females few. Sepals imbrica\® Capsule of 2-valved cocci. Leaves all opposite soe . ee . . . 16. CHORIOPHYLLUM- Leaves chiefly whorled . : i ; ‘i . . e. «© c2] « » 17. MISCHODON. CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 241 Shrubs or trees, Calyx 4-6-lobed -toothed or -partite, Disk O in either sex. Styles confluent in a long or short head cone or column >. . . . . . . . . .11. GLOCHIDION. Shrubs. Calyx of 2 large and 3 minute sepals. Disk O in either sex. Styles 3 slender simple . . . . . 11. GLOCHIDION. $ Glochidiopsis. rarely bevateed epar. 3-6 cocci enclosed in a fleshy or dry indehiscent Shrubs. Flowers dicecious. Sepals 5. Stamens 3-5. Styles elongate. Fruit fleshy or dry, with 6 cocci . 12. FLUEGGEA. S'ender shrubs. Sepals and stamens 4-6. Fruit a berry, with 6-12 crustaceous seeds. . . . . . . . . 10. PRYLLANTRUS. T § Kirganelia. rees. Sepals and stamens 4. Fruit fleshy with a bony 3-4-celled putamen . . . . . . . . . . . 10, PHYLLANTHUS. T § Cicca. rees, Sepals 5-6. Stamens 3. Fruit fleshy with 3-4 bony hardly dehiscent cocci . . . . . . . . + 10. PHYLLANTHUS. Sh § Embliea. rubs or trees. Male calyx turbinate or hemispheric, lobes minute inflected. Anthers 3. Fruit dry or fleshy " with 3-6 indehiscent cocci . . . . . .- ender shrubs. Calyx of male rotate or disciform, mouth minute 6-lobed. Stamens3. Fruit dry or fleshy with Gindehiscent cocci. . . . . ee ee s P M Leaves alternate, undivided, entire or serrulate. Sepals imbricate. di als 0. Stamens few or many. Styles or stigmas 2-3, dilated. Fruit a tupe.—Trees or shrubs. Male fl. in axillary fascicles or solitary. Stamens 2-3. Ovary 2-3-celled. Drupe l-celled . . . 15. PUTRANJIVA. Stan elis 8 or more. “Ovary 1(-3)-celled. Drupel-celled 16. HrMICYCLIA. amens 4 or more, Ovary 2-4-celled. Drupe 2-4-seeded 17. CYCLOSTEMON. i e Leaves opposite or subwhorled, undivided, quite entire. Sepals mbricate. Petals 0. Fruit capsular, of 2-valved cocci.—Male fl. in axillary cymes or panicles. . 13. BREYNIA. . 14. SAUROPUS. . 18. CRORIOPHYLLUM. Leaves all opposite. Sepals 4-6, Stamens 4 . 19. MISCHODON. Leaves whorled. Sepals 5-6. Stamens 5-10 . “EEE Trees, Leaves alternate, trifoliolate. Sepals imbricate. Petals 0. Frui : ut a berry.—Flowers panicled. . 20. BIsCHOFIA. Styles or spikes Sepals 5 ; . Pals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5 33k eye B sti * Trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. r Smas usually very minute. Fruit various.— Male fl. in axillary acemes or panicles. ` t Male sepals imbricate. Fruit indehiscent or tardily dehiscent. M m most minute in dense-fld. catkin-like spikes. Male f mens 2-5, Ovary 2-celled. Stigmas 2—4-fid. 3. ee Stamens 5-18, anthers sessile. Ovary N aled. ed, Drupe l-sceded , etm on 1-2. mute, Spicate or racemose, Stamens 2-5. Ovary Male fi “celled. Drupe small rugose usually compressed . 23. ANTIDFSMA, : lled, 4-valved 24. SCORTECHINIA. e . :Panicled. Stamens 4-5. Fruit l-ce X R . 21. APOROSA. . 92. DAPHNIPHYLLUM. 242 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) Male fl. spicate or racemose. Stamens 4-8. Ovary 2-3- celled. Fruit dry or coriaceous, large, 2-3-celled. Seeds arlate . . . . . . . ee eee . . . Ce 25, BACCAUREA. tt Male sepals valvate. Fruit of 2-3 laterally flattened cocci. Stamens 4-5. Cocci separating from a columella . . . 26. HYMENOCARDIA. Series IT. Cells of ovary 1-ovuled. Tribe IV. Galeariese. Perianth double, of calyx and corolla. Stamens 4-10; filaments free. Ovary 1-3-celled; cells l-ovuled. Fruit a small drupe. Flowers in terminal racemes, Petals valvate. Stamens 10 . 27. GALEARIA. Flowers in axillary panicles, Petals imbricate. Stamens 5-10. . . . . . ee ee ee we a o 98. MICRODESMIS. Flowers in axillary cymes. Petals valvate. Stamens 4-5 . 29. PLATYSTIGMA. Tribe V. Crotonese. Perianth single, or of the male, or of both sexes, double. Stamens 1-2-seriate, outer series alternate with the sepals or central in the flower. Ovary 2-3-celled, cells 1-ovuled.—Intlorescence terminal or axillary. Subtribe 1. JarRoruEx. Flowers in terminal 2-3-chotomous cymes; cymes unisexual, or with the central flower female, petaliferous except Elateriospermum. Leaves entire, penninerved, Petals 0. Stamens 10-18 . 30. ELATERIOSPERMUM. Leaves digitately nerved or lobed. Stamens many. Fruit capsular . . . . . . . . . .. . 91. JATROPHA. Leaves penninerved. Stamens many. Fruit capsular . . 32. TRITAXIS. Leaves digitately nerved. Stamens 8-20. Fruit a drupe . 33, ALEURITES. Subtribe 2. Evcroronea. Flowers in terminal androgynous spikes or racemes, males petaliferous, females often apetalous. Filaments inllexed 1n bud with the anthers reversed. Petals usually villous. Capsule of 3 cocci . . . 84. CROTON. Subtribe 3. CnRozormnoREx. Flowers in axillary (rarely terminal) spikes racemes or panicles, males petaliferous, females often apetalous. Filaments straight in bud, or tips inflexed and anthers erect. * Sepals imbricate. Petals united. Fruit a drupe. Panicles subterminal. Leaves entire, 5-9-nerved . . . 35. GIVOTIA. ** Calyx imbricate, truncate lobed or toothed, or of free sepals. Petals free. Fruit capsular. T Sepals not enlarged or leafy in fruit. Stamens 3-5, in a column. Styles 2-fid . . . . , . 36. TRIGONOSTEMON. Stamens 12-15, in a column. Flowers in axillary clusters. 37. TR1GONOPLEUBA. Stamens 15—30, free. Styles slender, entire . . . . . *37. CODIÆUM. Stamens 15-30, free. Styles 2-fid . . . . . . . . 38. OsrODES. tt Sepals enlarged and leafy in fruit. Male and fem. fl. petaliferous. Sepals 4-5, free. . . +. 39. BLACHIA. TT NS eher ds SP itn; OE i. limi o MlÓ€ ‘Leaves alternate. Anther-cells parallel. Fruit of 3-angled CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 243 Fem. fl. apetalous. Male calyx shortly toothed . . . . 40. DIMORPROCALYX. Fem. fl. apetalous. Sepals 4-5. Pistillode very long, filiform . . . . . . . . . . . 4. ERISMANTHUS. *** Sepals valvate. Petals free. Fruit capsular. Glabrous shrubs. Petals 4-8. Anther-cells pendulous . 42. AGROSTISTACHYS. Stellately tomentose trees. Anther-cells connate. Styles entire 2... . we ww ee ee ee o 43. SUMBAVIA, Stellately tomentose herbs or shrubs. Anther-cells connate. Styles bifid. . . . . . . . . . . . . «. . 44. CHROZOPHORA. Subtribe 4. AcarnyPuEx. Flowers in axillary rarely terminal spikes racemes or panicles, apetalous. Calyx of male closed in bud, usually membranous, oblong globose or ovoid, and splitting valvately into3-5 concave sepals. Petals 0. Styles usually long, entire bifid multifid or papillosely fimbriate, Fruit capsular, very rarely drupaceous. * Filaments free; anthers erect, 2-celled, cells united by their base on y. Styles undivided . . . . . . . . . . eee . 45, CLAOXYLON, Styles very long fimbriate orlacerate. Female fl. in large bracts . . . . . 46. ACALYPHA. ** Filaments free; anthers 9-celled or 4-locellate; cells oblong or globose, laterally attached by a narrow or broad connective. T Stamens 4 (or more in Alchornea); anthers 2-celled. Filaments slender, anther-cells globose. Styles plumose. 47. ADENOCHLENA, Filaments very short, anther-cells diverging downwards . 48. CŒLODEPAS. ‘laments slender, anther-cells oblong parallel . 49. ALCHORNEA. tt Stamens very numerous; anthers 2-celled. Leaves alternate. Anther-cells pendulous, Fruit fleshy . 50. PoDADENI4. eaves opposite. Anther-cells parallel. Fruit fleshy or capsular . . . . 51. TREWIA. or -horned cocci . . . . . . . ee . 52. COCCOCERAS. faves opposite. Stamens surrounding a naked receptacle. ] Anther-cells parallel contiguous. . . . . + . 93. CGELODISCUS. Leaves Opposite or alternate. Stamens very many, central in the flower; anther-cells usually globose, adnate to the often broad connective. . e. . 54. MALLOTUS. ttf Stamens one, few or many; anthers 3-4-locellate. Styles - lobose. Fruit capsular long, i Anther cells een 20. . s 65. CLEIDION. Styles entire. Anther-cells subglobose. Fruit capsular . 56. MACARANGA. Styles entire, A d. Fruit . nther-cells oblong, superposed, fru! ] ] very large, indehiscent . . eg a s os 57. PTYCHOPYXIS, * : . . ** Filaments variously connate in bundles, Male and fem f : . " . ql : . fl, in axillary spikes, Staminal bundles in- ; Mal definite, Capsule unmod e er T ond . 58. HoMowNora., ate fl. in axillary racemes, fem. solitary. Staminal bundles Indefinite, Capsule setose . - eror t on 59. LASIOCOCCA. ale fl. in axillary racemes. Staminal bundles definite . 60. PoLYDRAGMA. 244 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [KEwphorbia. Flowers in terminal panicles. Staminal bundles indefinite. *60. RICINUS. Subtribe 5. Getonrem. Flowers in axillary or leaf-opposed clusters, rarely panicled or racemed, apetalous. Sepals of male imbricate or calyx shortly tootbed. Stamens numerous, central in the flower. Fruit dehiscent or tardily dehiscent. Male fl. racemed. Calyx 4-toothed. Styles flat. Fruit indehiscent . . 2... +. ee + + + + . 61, ENDOSPERMUM. Male tl. fascicled. Sepals 5. Fruit smooth, indehiscent . 62. GELONIUM. Male fl. fascicled. Sepals 4-5. Capsule echinate or hispid, B-coccous . . . . ee ee ee ee s s. + 63, CHHETOCARPUS. Male fl. in panicled cymes. Sepals 4-5. Capsule of 3 2- valved cocci . . . . ee ew ee ee ee © O4. BALIOSPERMUM. Subtribe 6. PrukrNETIEX. Flowers in axillary spikes or racemes, apetalous. Male calyx valvate. Styles connate. Fruit capsular.—Leaves alternate in all. T Erect shrub. Filaments inflexed in bud. Spikes androgynous. Fem. calyx at length foliaceous . . 65. EPIPRINUS. tt Twining shrubs.. Filaments straight in bud. Racemes androgynous. Male calyx 4-5-partite. Stamens 8-30. Style-column globose or cylindric e. Racemes androgynous. Male calyx 3-5-partite. Stamens 1-3. Styles spreading above ee e ee Racemes androgynous. Male calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 3. Style-column fleshy... . . . . . . . . .68 Racemes unisexual. Male calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 3. Style- column globose 3-cleft . e|] o9 m 9 n ng Racemes androgynous. Male calyx 4—6-partite. Stamens 20-30. Style-column stout or slender . . . . . 70. DALECHAMPIA. D 65. PLUKENETIA. 67. TRAGIA. . CNESMONE. 69. MEGISTOSTIGMA. Tribe VI. Hippomaneæ. Perianth single. Calyx of male minute and open in bud, or obsolete.—Trees or shrubs (except Sebastiania). iacemes axillary. Male calyx compressed, 2-fid. Stamens 12-18... . eee ee ls. s. s. s. V s. 71. PIMELEODENDRON. Racemes terminal. Male calyx compressed, 2-partite. Stamens 6-50 eism omo. om 9 ol. s. on s Racemes terminal. Male calyx terete, 2—3-lobed. Sta- mens3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 Racemes lateral or terminal Calyx terete, 3 partite. Stamens 3 . Qo. e s. s s. s. s. V9. EXCGECATGA. Annual. Racemes axillary and terminal . . . . . . 74. SEBASTIANIA. *71. HOMALANTHUS. . SAPIUM. GENERA OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. 75. Lopuopyxts. 76. BOTRYOPHORA. l. EUPHORBIA, Linn. Herbs or shrubs of various habit with copious milky juice. Inflorescence of many male and one female flower in a small 4—5-lobed turbinate or cam- panulate perianth-like involucre; lobes with thick glands at the sinuses; glands with often a petal-like spreading white or coloured limb. MALE Euphorbia.] cxxxy. evPmoRBrACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 245 a "pedicelled stamen without floral envelopes of any kind; anther-cells usually globose. Ferm. fl. a solitary pedicelled 3-celled 3-ovuled ovary, in the centre of the involucre, also without envelopes; styles 3, free or com- bined, simple or 2-fid. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci separating elastically from a columella and dehiscing ventrally or both ventrally and dorsally. Cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 600, in all climates but the very cold. _ The species of the Anisophylium section of this genus have been indefinitely multi- plied, and require revision with the view of testing the constancy of the characters by which so many of the New World species which to the eye are undistinguishable from Old World ones are distinguished. Important differences do occur in the sculptur- ing of their seeds and in tlie size aud form of the limb of the involucral glands, but I suspect that these have been much exaggerated, for in so far as the Indian species show, they are variable. Several species founded by Boissier on solitary unnamed Specimens of Heyne's seen in the Herbaria of Vienna, St. Petersburg, &c., and not compared with those of other Herbaria, are little likely to be good. Various specific names usually attributed to Roth, because the species which bear them were de- scribed by him in his ** Nove Plantarum Species," are really to be attributed to Heyne, as stated by Roth himself under each. Heyne was not a mere collector, but an excellent botanist. . , The section Ewphorbium again must be carefully revised with living specimens ; it 1$ Impossible to frame specific characters of succulent plants from dried ones, or even to determine what are species and what varieties. It is unfortunate that Boissier omitted to consult the Wallichian Herbarium at the Linnean Society when monographing the genus for De Candolle's Prodromus; and still more so that several species of the Anisophyllum section have been so mixed in that fine Herbarium that it is difficult to quote their numbers with accuracy. There are very few Euphorbiaceew in Wight's own Herbarium which he presented to Kew, They were probably lent elsewhere for description and never returned. Sect. I. ANisoPnyLLUM. Herbs, rarely shrubby below, prostrate or ascending. Leaves all opposite, oblique or unequal at the base, stipulate or connected by a stipular line. Z»volweres solitary or cymose; glands 4-5, usually furnished with a membranous petaloid limb. ,l. ELEGANTES. Usually erect dichotomously branching herbs, with leaves 4 to m, long. Involucres axillary, solitary, or 2-3 together; limb of gland conspicuous, often large.—Sp. 1-8. . 2. HyPkRICIFOLLE. Erect or decumbent branching herbs or shrubs, with leaves i-fin. long or thereabouts. Involucres in axillary and subterminal cymes or crowded in the uppermost leaves, rarely of only 2-3 flowers; limb of gland usually conspicuous though small.— Sp. 9-16. - CHAMESYCER. Prostrate, rarely erect plants, with leaves 1~} in. long, rarely More. Involucres solitary, or in very short subsessile cymes, usually crowded along one side of the stem, or of short lateral branches; limb of gland of involucre scure or 0, except E. burmanica. —Sp. 17-21. Skcr. IL. EcPHonsIUM. Shrubs or trees (except 6. Rhizanthium) with eshy terete ribbed angled or flattened stems and branches. Leaves 0, or alternate, or the upper opposite ; stipules 0, or glandular or of prickles. Lnvolueres axillary or terminal; or in the forks, often sessile, rarely cymose, glands without a petaloid limb. 4. TIRUCALIT. Erect shrubs or trees, with unarmed angled compressed or terete Dches, leafless or with opposite alternate or fascicled leaves. —Sp. 22-23. - DracaxTHIUM. Erect shrubs or trees, with stout angled ribbed or winged branches that are crenate or nodose at the angles or wings, and there provided with or 3 stipular prickles,—Sp. 24-29. : RmizawTHIUM. Stem reduced to a CYmose rarely solitary involucres.— Sp. 30-31. bra d fleshy tuber with short unarmed branches, an A 216 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEXK. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Euphorbia. Secr. III. Trruymanus. Herbs, rarely shrubby below, usually erect, branches terete, not fleshy. eaves alternate, upper (rarely all) opposite, exstipulate. Involucres in terminal or axillary cymose umbels radiating in threes; glands without a petaloid limb. 7. GALARHA£US. Involucra! glands transversely oblong with rounded margins.— Sp.—32-48. 8. Esuta. Involucral glands truncate retuse or 2-cornute.— Sp. 49-54. 1. ELEGANTES (see p. 245). * Floral leaves distichous, secund, imbricating and concealing the involucres. 1. E. pyenostegia, Boiss. Cent. Euph. 9, and in DC. Prodr. xv. v. 18; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves opposite oblong obtuse or cuspidate sub- serrulate, floral distichously imbricating broadly ovate-cordate or orbicular, involueres subsolitary glabrous, lobes toothed, limb of glands large obliquely obovate entire, cocci obtusely keeled glabrous or puberulous, seeds wit sinuous furrows or flattened tubercles. WESTERN GHATS ; from the Conean to the Nilghiris, Perrottet, Law, &c. A rather slender dichotomously branched herb, 1-2 feet high. Leaves 1-1} m. long, thin, glabrous, except a few scattered long hairs at the axils and near them, nerves very obscure ; floral collected in an oblong head; stipules minute, rhe Involucres turbinate, hairy within. Styles short, 2-lobed. Seeds obtusely 4-angled, greenish, powdery, sometimes very obscurely furrowed.— Boissier's var. lusa, name by him Æ. oligantha in Hook. Herb, I think is certainly his Æ. erythroclada, under which I have described it, 2. E. zornioides, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 19; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves opposite cordately linear-oblong obtuse or mucronate serm. late, floral distichously imbricating broadly ovate cordate, involucres sU». solitary glabrous, lobes fimbriate, limb of glands large entire rosy, Cocc obtusely angled glabrous, seeds smooth or papillose. The Concan, Law, Stocks, &c. . Habit and general character of E. pycnostegia, of which it is probably a variety . . yr We with narrower cauline and smaller floral leaves; the seeds are of the same form, po dery surface and colour, but without traces of sinuous furrows. 3. E. elegans, Spreng. Syst. iii.794; annual, erect, clothed with long soft spreading hairs, leaves opposite broadly obliquely oblong elliptic o ovate-cordate obtuse serrulate towards the tips, floral broader distichousty imbrieating reticulate, involucres few hirsute, limb of glands large sinnate rosy, cocci globose pubescent, seeds grooved cross-wise and granulate. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 19. E. variegata, Heyne in Roth Nov. SP: ` 225. E platylepis, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 156, t. 157. E. strobilifera, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. (1851) 229; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 226. P E. dichotoma, Roxb. FL. Ind. ii. 471. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne. MALWA, Edgeworth. WESTERN BrraR, a weed of cultivation. The Coxcan ; on naked rocks, Law, Stocks, &c. . irs Stem 1-2 ft., dichotomously branched. eaves crowded or in distant pai x 3-1 in. long, subsessile; floral variable, often obovate, reticulate ; stipules m mb setaceous. nvolucres turbinate, pubescent without and within; lobes obovate ; the of glands very conspicuous. Styles elongate, 2-fid.—Boissier’s var. laxa, wit upper leaves not imbricate, is probably a form growing in shade. Euphorbia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 247 4. E. cristata, Meyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 226; annual, prostrate or ascending clothed with long flexnous hairs, leaves opposite obliquely ovate- cordate obtuse serrulate, floral distichously imbricate in a rounded head, involueres subsolitary pubescent, limb of glands pectinately laciniate and fimbriate, cocci globose, seeds with 3 or 4 parallel furrows. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 19. E. fimbriata, Heyne in Roth l. c. 227; Boiss. l. c., and Euphorb. Ic. t. 8; Thwaites Enum. 269; Wall. Cat. 7693. E. capitata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7708 A.— Wall. Cat. 7707 A. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne; Madras, Shuter; Vellore, Griffith ; Palamcottah, Wight. CENTRAL InpI4; Mandoo, alt. 4000 ft., Edgeworth. Ava, Wallich. CEYLON; Batticaloa district, Thwaites. : Stems slender, 6-10 in., often dichotomously branched, Leaves }-% in., sub- sessile, membranous ; stipules short, subulate. Zn»volucres subsessile, À in. diam., hairy, throat ciliate, lobes linear-lanceolate.— I find no characters whereby to separate E. finbriata from E. cristata. Boissier, who says that they are very closely allied, distinguishes eristata by its slender prostrate stems, heads of floral leaves only half the size, and seeds smooth between the farrows. He regards Roth's eristata B. major as the type of his fimbriata, and refers Roth's fimbriata to a variety (lara), dis- tinguished by its upper leaves not being imbricate. ** Floral leaves not distichously imbricating. o B. longistyla, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 9, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 20; annual, glabrous, erect, much branched, leaves opposite elliptie or oblong obtuse distantly serrulate, floral gradually smaller, invols. pedicelled, limb of glands cleft to the base into 7-9 bristles, cocci glabrous keeled, seeds with 3 or 4 parallel furrows. E. elegans, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7713. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne in Herb. Petrop. § Wallich. "- Stems a foot high, flexuous, dichotomously much branched; branches capillary. aves 4—3 in. long, membranous, apiculate ; stipules lanceolate, toothed. Involucres as long as their pedicels, glabrous below, velvety under the glands ; lobes deeply mbriate. Styles (not seen by me) very long, undivided, Capsule long.stalked. — {1 We seen only very imperfect specimens of this plant in Wallich s Herbarium, an lave taken its characters chiefly from Boissier, who says that it probably assumes a form with imbricate floral leaves. 6. E. notoptera, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 26; annual, erect or ascending, glabrous, leaves often deflexed in very distant opposite pairs coriaceous linear-oblong obtuse mucronate margin often recurved serrulate involucres 1-3 terminal between a pair of linear acute floral leaves pedi- celled campanulate lobes fimbriate, limb of glands rather large repand, cocci with two di-tant dorsal narrow wings, seeds rugulose. The CoxcAN and Canara, Law, Stocks, &c., in cultivated fields. san: Habit of p. erythroclada, 12-15 in. high; stems 8-12 in. Leaves iH in. long, narrow, nerveless} stipules very short and broad. Involucres rather large, $ in. long ; glands transversely oblong. Capsule depressed-globose, rather rough, about 4; in. dian. — A very distinet species, easily recognized by the 2-winged cocci. 7. E. erythroclada, Doiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 25; quite glabrous, Stem tall erect dichotomously branched firm red-brown, leaves 1-4 1n. In istant opposite pairs obliquely oblong or obovate- or elliptic-oblong ser- nalate tip rounded, involucres axillary solitary turbinate red, lobes short, limb o glands small narrow rosy, capsule depressed, cocci acutely keeled, "ecd 2-3 obsolete transverse ridges. ? E.py cnostegia, var. laxa, Boiss, 06, 248 CXXXV. FUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Euphorbia. The Concan ? Hugel, Stocks. Stem 1-2 ft., terete, polished ; branches ascending. Leaves rather membranous very shortly petioled ; base not cordate, very unequal but hardly auricled on one side. —My specimens are very imperfect, and without fruit, from the immense collections of Stocks made by himself, Law, and others in the Concan, Canara, and Malabar, but without precise locality. They are labelled by Boissier E. n. sp., oliganthe affinis ? and are, I think, clearly his F. erythroclada, as is also his E. pycnostegia var. laxa. 8. E. coccinea, Roth Nov. Gen. § Sp.228; more or less clothed with soft white villous hairs, stems slender purple, leaves in scattered opposite pairs obliquely broadly elliptic or obovate-oblong quite entire tip rounded base broadly auricled on one side, involucres 1 or few in the axils of the crowded small orbicular terminal leaves, lobes long ciliate, limb of 2 glands large pink, cocci compressed keeled woolly membranous. Botss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 37. The Deccan PENINSULA; Ahmedanuggur, Hugel. The Concan, Stocks. Root woody, apparently perennial. Stems 4-8 in., rigid, slender, angularly flexuous, very brittle. Leaves subsessile, rather coriaceous, very oblique, sometimes retuse ; stipules linear-lanceolate, villous. Znvolucres in villous leafy subglobose heads, g in. diam., with very conspicuous crenate rosy-purple limbs to two of the glands, and very small ones to the other two glands. Styles slender but not long. Capsule 35 in. long.— Probably this should be placed next to Z. cristata. 2. HyYPERICIFOLLE (see p. 245). 9. E. Wightiana, Hook. f.; perennial, shrubby ?, branches spreading slender, leaves 2-4 in. opposite in distant pairs petioled linear oblong or obovate-oblong entire or serrulate, involucral linear or obovate, involucres solitary axillary or in very short axillary cymes minute puberulous, lobes minute ciliate, capsules oblong puberulous, seeds oblong bluish smooth with a furrow on one side.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 7692. Deccan PENINSULA; Madras, Wight in Herb. Wall., and Ic. in Herb. Kew. Branches woody, terete, as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves very variable, some 2-23 by 4 in., quite linear and serrulate, others oblong 21 by 1-$ in. others 1j by 3 in., rounded at the tip and narrowed at the base into a distinct slender petiole; involucral, some 1 in. and linear, others } in. and broadly obovate. Znvolucre almost hemispherical, sessile; glands transversely oblong, unwinged; lobes very Sm?" Styles short, free, 2-fid, erect. Capsule very shortly pedicelled, } in. long, not deeply lobed, top rounded, pale, quite smooth. Seeds rather mottled.— My only materia s for this very curious species are bad specimens in Herb. Wallich, and a drawing marked * Madras R, W. 446." The latter represents all the leaves serrulate an all the upper linear and acute. It is evidently near Æ. Atoto. 10, E. Atoto, Forst. Prodr. n.207; glabrous, stem stout swollen at the nodes erect ascending or decumbent, leaves opposite oblong or linear-oblong obtuse quite entire, base unequally rounded or cordate, involucres axillary or in leafy terminal eorymbose cymes, glands oblong margined, capsu'? glabrous, seeds smooth. “Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 12; Baill. Adans. 6; 282; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 46. E. halophila, Miquel Anal. Bot. iii. 1 j Boiss. 1. e. 13. E. pallens. Dillw. Rev. Hort. Mal. 55. E. articulata, Dennst. Schlüss. Hort. Mal. 37. E.lævis, Poir. Suppl. ii. 612 ; Boiss. l. c. 13. Elev gata, Vahl Symb.ii. 54. E. laevigata ? Wall. Cat. 7705. E. bifida, Thwar : Enum. 269 (not of Hook. § Arn.).—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 7697.— Rhet Hort. Mal. t. 58. . ini. Maranan Coast, from Canara southwards, Wight, &c. PERAK; Scortechi Euphorbia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 249 ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay. CEYLON, Walker, Thwaites, —DıstRIB. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia, Pacific Islands. A dwarf seaside shrub (sometimes climbing?); root stout, long; stems rigid, polished, erect inclined or prostrate, branching upwards, rarely as thick as a goose- quill. Leaves subsessile, 1-14 in., coriaceous, longer or shorter than the internodes ; stipules minute, fimbriate. Znvolucres turbinate, glabrous; lobes triangular; glands With a very minute limb or margin, Styles short, 2-fid. Capsule glabrous; cocci hardly keeled. Seeds nearly globose. ll. E. linearifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 224; quite glabrous, glaucous, stems decumbent, leaves Í in. opposite and secund subimbricate very coria- ceous obliquely linear obtuse or acute quite entire lower in distant pairs ovate, involucres few subcorymbose towards the tips of the branches or solitary and axillary, lobes triangular-ovate hairy, limb of glands large obovate white, styles short, capsule glabrous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 93. E. linearis, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7712. Deccan PrxiNsULA, Heyne. A very remarkable species, quite unlike any other, of which I have seen only fragments in Wallich's Herbarium, and can add little to the descriptions of Roth and Oissier, The branches appear to be stout, curved, and swollen at the nodes as in E, Atoto; the leaves are almost fleshy, with a stout midrib; their arrangement resembles that of the leaflets of a pinnate leaf. 12. E. hypericifolia, Linn. Hort.Cliff.198; annual,glabrous or sparsely pubescent, erect ascending or decumbent, leaves opposite obliquely broadly 9r narrowly oblong obtuse serrulate, nerves distinct, base rounded or cor- ate, involucres minute in axillary and terminal usually peduncled and many-fld. cymes with many subulate bracts often subtended by 2 flora leaves rarely solitary entire glabrous, lobes lanceolate ciliate, limb smaller or larger than the gland usually rounded and white, styles very short, cocci hardly keeled glabrous or hispid, seeds smooth or with broad shallow trans- verse pits. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 23 ; Hook. Exot. FI. i t. 36 ; Thwaites Enum, 268; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 301. E. indica, Lamk. Dict. ii. 423; Boiss. I. c. and FI. Orient. iv. 1086; Wail. Cat. 7711, excl.C. E. cassioides, Pres] Bot. Bemerk. 119. E. decumbens, Willd. Suppl. 27. E. audrossmoides, Dennst, Schlüss. Hort, Mal. 36. E. parviflora, Linn. Syst. Ed. x. 1047 ; Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 472; Boiss. in DC. le. 22; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 179; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. FI. 997, E. papilligera, Boiss. Cent. Euph. 8. ? E. bracteolaris, nss. in DC. 1. e. 99.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 224, t. 105, f. 2.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 7686.—Jeheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 51. a Common throughout the hotter parts of Inpra, from the Panjab, ascending to nod ft. in the Himalaya, to the Southern Deccan, Malacca and CEYLON. —DIsTRIB. Tropics of both hemispheres, except Australia and the Pacific [slands. . t rather slender, rarely stout, annual, 6-12 in. high, of various habit, .Leares, 2D. rarely more or less, not coriaceous, more or less serrulate on all the margins except towards the base ; stipules minute, setaceous, lacerate, or 0. Znvolucres very minute, turbinate, glabrous, with quite entire minute bracts at the base of the pedicel; glands very shortly stipitate, lobes usually projecting above the glands ; imb of the latter white or pale pink, always small, but very variable in size, some- times 0. Capsule subglobose ; cocci more or less pubescent or glabrous. Seeds with a thin mucous coat, blnish when dry, very variable as to the amount and depth of the Shallow depressions on the faces which are often obsolete.— After a very careful examination of numerous specimens, I cannot separate E. indica from E. hyperici- 248, as indeed was the opinion of Bentham, Engelmann and Thwaites. The latter Author quite correctly identifies with it Burmann’s t. 105 f. 2, which is the authority tor Linnens’ E. parviflora, and of which Roxburgh's excellent figure differs in no respect from hypericifolia and indica, Wallich’s No. 7686, from Nepal, is a very 250 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Euphorbia. tall and stout form 16 in. high, of which there are specimens gathered on the banks of the Chenab by Thomson. As I am not so convinced of Linnæus parviflora being the same species as Aypericifolia or indica, I shall give Boissier's diagnostic charaeter of all the species that I have here brought together, leaving it to Indian botanists to test their value. 1. E. HYPERICIFOLIA ; glabrous, erect, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate from a subcordate or rounded base, stipules lanceolate fimbriolate, involucral lobes lanceolate, mouth hirtulous, glands rounded much smaller than their rounded white. limb, capsule glabrous, seeds unequally scrobiculate and rugose.—Not Asiatic according to Boissier. 2. E. INDICA ; sparsely puberulous, stem ascending or decumbent, leaves obovate obtuse from a rounded base, stipules setaceous ciliate from a broad base, involucres glabrous within and without, lobes triangular fimbriolate, glands ovate as broad or broader than their ovate-rounded limb, capsule appressedly hairy, seed with 5-6 transverse broken farrows.—Asiatic and African. . 3. E. PARVIFLORA ; stem ascending minutely crispulously hairy, leaves elliptic- oblong obtuse from an unequal base, cymes subsessile, involuere campanulate, throat ciliate, lobes triangular or lanceolate, limb of rounded glands large orbicular obovate, capsule appressed-hairy, cocci keeled, seed papillose.—Ceylon, Java, Pegu, Burma. . 4. E. BRACTEOLARIS ; stems slenderly filiform dichotomous with spreading hairs, leaves ovate obtuse from a rounded base, tip repand pale and appressedly hairy beneath, stipules very short triangular-lanceolate, floral leaves (bracts) numerous minute, involucres hairy within, lobes lanceolate hairy, glands minute orbicular as broad or narrower than the white roundish limb, cocci rounded hairy, seeds smooth except the outer faces which have 1 or 2 subtransverse and obsolete furrows.— India, Jacquemont ; Nilghiris, Perrottet.—Differs from parviflora in the incon- spicuous furrows of the seed and slenderness of the branches. 13. E. Emodi, Hook. f.; annual, quite glabrous or sparsely hairy, stems straggling from the root, branches divaricate, leaves in rather distant pairs opposite coriaceous obliquely oblong or linear-oblong obtuse serrate or subserrate, involucres subsolitary subsessile chiefly in the axils of crowde terminal leaves glabrous lobes lanceolate, limb of all 4 glands conspicuous broad white or rosy sinuate, styles slender, capsule glabrous obtusely keeled, seeds obtusely angled rough with faint tubercles. E. indica, Aitch. d Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xix. 185. Western HIMALAYA; Simla, Kulu, Chamba and Lahul, alt. 4000-4500 ft., Edgeworth, Clarke, Ellis, Jaeschke; Iskardo, alt. 6-7000 ft., C. B. Clarke.—Dis- TRIB. Affghanistan. "T. Stems rather stout, 4-10 in. long, rather sparsely leafy, often purplish, hairs n present long flexuous. Leaves j-3 in., pale green, sometimes with a broad wi blotch on the upper surface, glabrous or sparsely hairy beneath ; base almost aurie et on one side; nerves obscure; stipules fimbriate. Znvolucres about jg P; long, campanulate, glabrous, shortly pedicelled ; gland purplish, contrasting with its M rose or white limb. Styles half the length of the capsule or more, flexuous. Cap about, in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Seed mucose.—Similar to states of A hypericifolia, but very different in the subsolitary much larger involucres with. la larger limbs, long slender styles, and much larger capsule. Possibly Æ. hispra® Boiss. (see end of genus). l4 E. pilulifera, Tinn. Amen. Acad. ii. 114; annual, erect or ascending, hispid with copious crisped hairs, leaves opposite elliptic-oblons obovate or oblong-lanceolate acute toothed or serrulate, nerves distinct, Hor t minute, involucres numerous in axillary and terminal dense-fld. sessile is peduncled cymes minute pubescent, limb of glands very narrow or obso ^ * cocci compressed keeled pubescent, seeds pale brown acutely angled a on. versely shallowly rugulose. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 21; Jacq. +° Euphorbia.] ^ cxxxv. EurHonBrAcEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 251 t. 478. E. hirta, Linz. l c.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 472; Jacq. Collect. v. t. 11, L1; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.179; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 227; Benth. FL. Austral. vi. 51, and Fl. Hongk. 302. E. capitata, Wall. Cat. 7708, B to ‘FE.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 104 and 105, f. 1.— Wall. Cat. 7707 B. Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA from the Panjab eastwards and southwards to CEYLON and SINGAPORE.— DISTRIB. All tropical and subtropical countries. Stem and branches 1-2 ft. Leaves very shortly petioled, 2-14 in. long, base usualy narrow and obliquely cordate; stipules minute, linear; petiole distinct, Involucres about 35 in. ; glands small, globose, without a perceptible limb. Capsule 34, in, diam., appressedly or patently hairy. Seeds ovoid.—The acute leaves, hispid hairiness, and small fruit render this species easily recognizable. 15. E. rosea, Retz. Obs. iv. 26; perennial, glabrous or sparsely hairy, stems prostrate flexuous, leaves opposite coriaceous obliquely obovate or linear-spathulate tip rounded crenulate, involucres solitary or few in small leafy axillary and terminal sessile cymes towards the ends of the branches, lobes 9—5-fid, limb of 2 upper glands large obliquely oblong or rounded, of lower very narrow, styles very slender, cocci obtusely keeled, seed rugose. Boiss. Euphorb. Ic. t. 21, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 50; Thwaites Enum. 269. E. thymifolia, Wull. Cat. 7710 D. E. indica, Wall. Cat. 7711 C. - parviflora & satureioides, Lamk. Dict. ii. 424. PE. auricularia, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 17, and in DC. l. c. 50. Deccan PENINSULA, from the Carnatic to Tranquebar, on the coast, Rottler, &c. EYLON; common near the sea.— DISTRIB. Affghanistan. Root long and stout ; stems brittle, 4-8 in. long; branches straggling, firm, loosely leafy, Leaves i-8 in. long, lower distant, upper more crowded often subsquarrose, rarely truncate ; stipules minute, triangular, fimbriate. —Znvolucre j;-1 in. diam., Subeaipanulate; lobes triangular ovate, acute; glands suborbicular, often deep Purple, limb rosy very conspicuous; styles deeply bifid. Cocei very minutely rough.— Boissier’s figure of this is very unsatisfactory as regards habit. I can find no character whereby to distinguish his E. auricularia, which be says differs from Æ. rosea in being glabrous, with the floral leaves not imbricate, nor narrowed, in the smooth capsule and involucre, and in the styles spathulate at the tip. It is described rom a specimen of Heyne’s in the St. Petersburg Herbarium. 16. x. corrigioloides, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 1, and in DC. Prodr. XV. ii, 32; perennial, glabrous or papillosely pubescent, stems stout prostrate and ascending leafy, leaves opposite 4 to % in. coriaceous orbicular to bg liquely oblong serrulate tip rounded, involucres turbinate crowded in Small subsessile axillary and terminal often capitate cymes or leafy heads, limb of gland (when present) white lobed, styles usually slender, cocci obtusely keeled, seed smooth. ? E. disticha, Engelm. in Herb. Vind. ex Boiss, in DC. l c. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne; Maisor and the Carnatic, Wight, &c. . oot stout, crowned with a short stock; branches long and flexuous, 4-10 in., pale, Usually much stouter than in other species of this section. Leaves distichously "Preading, thickly coriaceous, base rounded or obliquely cordate ; petiole short, thick ; Stipules short, triangular, lacerate. Cymes leafy at the base. — Znvolucres turbinate, hi in. diam., shortly pedicelled ; lobes broad and cleft to the base into many bristles ; inb when present often broader than the gland and very conspicuous. S/y/es more slender than in others of the section, but this character seems variable. Capsule n in. diatn.— Except by its stout habit, perennial root and longer styles, it is not md distinguish some states of this from some of E. hypericifolia. Between E. Of ua and corrzgioloides, as distinguished by Boissier, I can find no goot pim Bar € former he says, “ Very closely allied to Æ. corrigioloides, but appearing to differ spe; c. VETY Short internodes, short styles, &c.,” characters which I find applicable to Pecimens of the latter. bo uy lo CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Euphorbia. 9. CHAMÆSYCEÆ (see p. 245). 17. E. thymifolia, Burm. Fl. Ind. 2, and Thes. Zeylan. t. 105, f. 2;. annual, more or less hispidly pubescent, branches prostrate, leaves opposite i-i in. petioled obliquely oblong obtuse crenulate glabrous or pubescent beneath, stipules elongate, involueres subsolitary very minute axillary especially in the erowded terminal branchlets, lobes short ciliate, glands very minute stipitate with a minute limb or 0, capsules erect obtusely keeled pubescent, seeds with 5-6 shallow transverse furrows. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 47, and Fl. Orient. iv. 1089; Lamk. Dict. ii. 423; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 473; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 227; Benth. Fl. Hongk, 302; Wall. Cat. 7710, in part. E. Burmanniana, J. Gay in Webb. Phyt. Canar. ii. 239; Thwaites Enum. 269. E. prostrata, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 179 (not of Aiton). E. rubicunda, Blume Cat. Hort. Bogor. 73. E. foliata, Hamilt. ex Dillw. Rev. Hort. Malab. 59. E. maculata, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 479. ? E. pro- strata, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 179. Anisophyllum thymifolium & Burman- nianum, Klotzsch & Garcke in Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. 25.— Eheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 33. Throughout INDIA and CEYLON in the plains and lower hills, ascending in Kashmir to 5500 ft.— DISTRIB. All hot countries except Australia, . Usually a much-branched prostrate plant, with many short leafy stems spreading from the root. Leaves distichously spreading, rather thick, base obliquely truncate ; stipules fimbriate with a long point. Involucres jy in. long, turbinate, pubescent ; glands stipitate, limb obscurely lobed. Capsule 2; in. broad, shortly stipitate, erect from an early stage. 18. E. granulata, Forsk. Fl. Æg. Arab. 94; perennial ?, hispidly villous, stems many prostrate from the root leafy, leaves opposite qo7s 1D- obliquely obovate oblong-obovate or rounded quite entire tip rounded or retuse, involucres axillary subsolitary hairy, limb of gland 0 or minute, styles minute, cocci hirsute not keeled, seeds faintly pitted. Vahl Symb. x. 54; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 33, and Fl. Orient. iv. 1087. E. Forskalii, var. B and y, J. Gay in Webb. Phyt. Canar., iii. 242. E. fragilis, Dene. n Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 2 (1834), 241. E. arillata, Edgew. in Journ. As. Soe. Beng xvi. 1218; T. Anders. Flor. Aden. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 34. E. villosa, Herb. Royle. ? E. wgyptiaca, var. indica, Boiss. in DC. 1. c. 35. E. thymifolia, Wall. Cat.7710 E. Anisophyllum Forskalii, Klotzsch & Garcke n Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. Bot. 25, The Pansab PrarNs and RONILKUND, Royle, &e. Marwa, Edgeworth. SCIND, Stocks, Perry.— Distrib. Affghanistan, Arabia, Egypt, Canaries. . Noot in old plants crowned by a short rootstock ; branches spreading and straggling from the root, 3-6 in., very brittle. Leaves spreading distichously, villous on im surfaces, the largest 1 in. long, opaque, coriaceous, base narrow or cordate; stipu es minute, ciliolate. Znvolueres very minute, axillary and on short leafy branchlets subsessile, turbinate ; lobes short, obtuse, ciliate; glands usually without a lim . Capsule jJ, in. diam., cocci rounded at the back. Seed with a thickly mucous tes i — The Scind specimens are less hirsute than the Panjab ones. Boissier describes t 's as annual, but I think it is certainly a perennial. 1 find no specimen of Boissier H E. ægyptiaca var. indica in Herb. Kew, where its author states there is a specime from Bombay, but I suspect that the plant alluded to is Æ. granulata. 19. E. microphylla, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 229; annual, quite glabrous or sparsely hairy, stems very many prostrate and spreading nm l the root leafy, leaves opposite 1-1 in. very short obliquely oblong roun ed oblong or subquadrate tip rounded truncate or retuse and more OT /® Euphorlia.| |^ cxxxv. EvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 253 toothed, involucres subsolitary axillary glabrous, glands with a very small sinuately-lobed limb, styles very short, cocci obtusely keeled glabrous, seeds smooth. E. serpens, ò., Engelm. mss.; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 30. E. Heyneana, Spreng. Syst. ii, 791. PE. Heyneana, Boiss. in DC. l. c. 35, in part. E. orbiculata, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 421. E. Wallichiana, Boiss. mss. E. thymifolia, Wall. Cat. 7710, in part. E. uniflora, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 227, ?E. Chamæsyce, Rogb. Fl. Ind. ii. 473. Bencar and Benar, J. D. H. & T. T., &c.; at Benares, Madden. BANDA, Edgeworth. The Concan, Law, Stocks. MapRas, near the city, G. Thomson. TENASSERIM, Helfer.—DisTRIB. Java. Stems very slender and much distichously branched, spreading in a whorl from the Toot, 4-10 in. long, whitish, brittle. Leaves always small, coriaceous and opaque, Sometimes as broad as long, spreading at right angles, if toothed only at the broad end, nerveless ; stipules minute, triangular, 2-partite or laciniately toothed. Jn- volucres very numerous from the base to the tips of the stems and branches, minute, campanulate, very shortly pedicelled ; bracts at the base of the pedicels subulate ; lobes triangular, acute, nearly entire; glands very sbortly stipitate. Capsule shortly Pedicelled, is in. diam. Seeds bluish, when wet mucose.— Very similar to Æ. Chamesycee, but with perfectly smooth seeds, It is certainly very near indeed to the E. serpens, Kunth, of N. America and the West Indies, but differs in the minute stipules and the more entire leaves. Roth describes the larger leaves as being only 1-1} line long, but the average in our specimen is 2-3 lines.—As stated under the following species, I suspect that Boissier's E. Heyneana is made up of Heyne's specimen of this species and the North-West Indian ones of Thomson, &c., which I have described as E. Clarkeana. .. . . Var. galioides; more straggling, leaves } in. diam. E. galioides, Boiss. l. c. 36. E. thymifolia, Wall. Cat. 7710 H, in part.—Banks of the Irawaddy at Segain, Wallich.—This is, I think, certainly referable to microphylla, and is hardly even a variety of it, 20. E. Clarkeana, Hook. f. ; glabrous, stems filiform many prostrate and spreading from an annual root rarely subsimple and erect, leaves Opposite 1—1 in. obliquely linear-oblong entire or toothed at the rounded tip, involucres axillary chietly towards the tips of lateral branches minute glabrous, lobes lanceolate toothed longer than the glands which are wholly or almost without a limb, cocci quite glabrous keeled, seeds obscurely trans- versely rugose. E. granulata, Herb. Royle. E. Heyneana, Boiss. in DC. rodr. xv, ii. 35, in part. Nortn-West INDIA, Royle; from Delhi, Clarke, westwards to Lahore, Edge- worth, Thomson, &e. Scrxp, Stocks. . Stems very slender, crowded from the root, a span long and under ; branches Waricating, pale, rather leafy, often with a few scattered hairs towards the tips. faves coriaceous, in typical specimens crowded towards the ends of short branchlets, distichously spreading, base almost auricled on one side; petiole very short; stipules rather large, setaceous from a broad toothed base. Involucres 4; in. long, campanu- ate. Styles very short. Capsule 4, in. broad. Seeds acutely 4-angled. I advance this as an undescribed species with great hesitation. It is undoubtedly the " Panjab, Lahore and Ferozepore” plant included under his E. Heyneana by olssier (who has named some of the specimens Æ. sanguinea, others E. Heyneana), but I have seen no Decean specimens, and I doubt its being the plant of Heyne seen Y Boissier in the St. Petersburg Herbarium, and which I suppose is E. microphylla. Nor do I find the white sub-3-lobed limb of the gland described by Boissier. lt is very near E. microphylla, differing in the long narrow leaves and locality, and more Closely resembles 77 sanguinea, Hochst. and Steud., of Abyssinia, but that plant has a distinct limb to the glands and large reflexed styles cleft nearly to the base, It is »9 doubt the Indian plant alluded to by Engelmann under E. prostrata. (Torrey t. Mex. Bound. Exped. 187) as identical with that species, which, however, differs 254 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Euphorbia. in the broad rounded fimbriate lobes of the involucre and distinct limb of the gland. Of Boissier's var. scindica the specimens are wretched. I have seen no Mauritian specimens of this. Var. erecta; stem simple or branched from the base erect, leaves longer some- times 1 in. long, involucres sometimes in distant axils. E. uniflora, Roxb. (Edgew. mss.) — Probably a state drawn up in long grass. 21. E. burmanica, Hook f. in Ic. Plant. t. 1548; annual, quite gla- brous, stems many very slender spreading from the root prostrate, leaves i-iin. opposite in rather distant pairs petioled obliquely linear subacute subspinulosely serrate, involucres minute axillary subsohtary, lobes fim- briate, glands narrower than the rounded limb, capsules minute glabrous, cocci acutely keeled, seeds acutely 3-gonous faces obscurely undulate. E. thymifolia, Wall. Cat. 7710 H, in part. Burma ; banks of the Irawaddy at Segain, Wallich. . . Root slender, giving off numerous rather rigid dichotomously branching filiform stems 4—6 in. long. Leaves very uniform, coriaceous, base obliquely rounded E margins recurved when dry, more spinulosely serrate than in any species of the section ; stipules setaceous and lacerate. Jnvolucres about Jj; in. long, pedicelled, campanu- late, quite glabrous ; lobes narrow, often longer than the glands, serrate or lacerate ; glands transversely oblong with a semilunar or almost semicircular limb that 1s broader than itself. Styles short, 2-fid. Capsule about 4; in. diam., quite glabrous, nodding ; pedicel very long, slender —A very distinct species, easily known by the minute narrow coriaceous sharply serrate leaves. "The limb of the gland is, though small, larger in proportion than in its allies. 4. TIRUCALLI (see p. 245). E. TIRUCALLI, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 197; an erect unarmed shrub or tree, branches spreading cylindric scattered whorled or clustered, leaves 0 or few small linear-oblong, involucres shortly pedicelled clustered in the forks of the smaller branches, glands peltate, cocci compressed velvety, seeds ovoid smooth. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 96; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 470; Brand. For. Fl. 439; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 417; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 179; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 76; Thwaites Enum. 268; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 301; Wall. Cat. 7687. E. viminalis, Mill. Dict. Ed.i.15. E. rhipsaloides, Lemaire Ill. Hortic. 1857. Misc. 72.—Tiru-cal, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 286.— Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 44. Naturalized in BENGAL, the Decoan PENINSULA and CEYLON. Cultivated in N.-W. Iypia, BURMA and the EASTERN PENINsULa.—DisTrRIB. A native 0 Africa. A small tree, 12-20 ft., trunk 6-10 in, diam., green, cylindric, densely bra above; bark brown, cracked ; branches slender like stout rushes, becoming as th the little finger. Leaves i-i in. caducous, obtuse, flaccid, pubescent at length glabrous. Jnvolucres chiefly temale, small, 7; in. long, turbinate, subsessile with nched ick as 2 small leaves at the base of the pedicel; lobes short hairy, glands transversely ovate, punctate; bracteoles very numerous lacerate. Styles short, recurved, 2-lobed, stigmas capitate. Capsule } in., dark brown.— Hamilton (Trans, Linn. Soc. l. c.) regares this plant as a comparatively recent introduction into India from Africa. 22. E. epiphylloides, Kurz For. Flor. ii. 416; an erect unarmed fleshy small tree, branches jointed flattened with thick crenate wng, leaves subsessile obovate glabrous tip rounded or retuse, involucres in shortly peduncled dichotomous glabrous cymes in the crenatures of the branches, capsules glabrous. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLAND; on the rocky coast of Escape Bay, Kurz. Euphorbia.] CXXXV. wUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 255 A tree, 12-15 ft. ; branches 2-3 in. diam. Leaves deciduous, very shortly petioled, glossy, base obtuse; lateral nerves obsolete. Cymes of involucres inserted at the scars of fallen leaves. Capsules deeply 3-lobed, of the size and shape of those of E. nereifolia, — Description from Kurz. The habitis that of the following section. I have seen only dried flowerless branches. 5. DIACANTHIUM (see p. 245). 28. E. neriifolia, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 196 in part; a small erect fleshy glabrous tree, branches jointed cylindric or obscurely 5-angled with short sharp stipular thorns arising from thick tubercles, leaves subterminal fleshy obovate oblong or subspathulately obovate acute, involucres in small stout dichotomous short-peduncled cymes from the sinuses, hemispheric smooth, styles connate high up undivided, cocci compressed glabrous. DC. Plant. Grasses ii. t. 46; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 79, and Fl. Orient. iy, 1090; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 178; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 226; Brand. For. FI. 439; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 416; Beddome Forester's Man. 216; Wall. Cat. 7689. E. ligularia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 465; Ham. in Trans. vn. Soc. xiv. 285.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 96.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. iv. DECCAN PENINSULA ; common in rocky places; cultivated in BENGAL and else- waere in native villages. Cultivated and probably wild also in BURMA, Kurz. Cultivated only in Ceylon.—DirsrRis. Beluchistan, Malay Islands. . A shrub or small tree, 15-20 ft. Branches $ in. diam. and upwards, with the subconfluent tubercles in 5 irregular rows. Leaves deciduous, 6-12 in. long, terminal 9n the branehes, waved, narrowed into a very short petiole; stipular thorns solitary or in pairs, 4-4 in. long. Jnvolucres yellowish, the lateral ones of the cymes shortly thickly pedicelled, central sessile; lobes large, erect, roundish, cordate, fimbriate ; glands transversely oblong; bracteoles most abundant, fimbriate. Stigmas capitate. Capsule about i in. broad, deeply 3-lobed.—Kurz describes the involucres that are In the forks of the cymes as sessile, aud usually entirely male. I follow Boissier in referring Roxburgh’s Æ. ligularia to E. nereifolia, and his nereifolia to Nivulia. 24. E. Nivulia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 286; an erect fleshy glabrous tree, branches subcylindric with pairs of sharp stipular spines arising from low tubercles, leaves alternate linear- or obovate-oblong fleshy glabrous tip rounded, involucres 3-nate forming small short-peduncled cymes rom above the leaf scars on the tubercles hemispheric smooth, styles connate o the middle undivided, cocci compressed glabrous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ll. 79; Wight Te. t. 1862; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 225; Brand For. FT. 439; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 417; Beddome Forester's Man. 216; Wawra, Bot. Mt. Pr. S, Cop, 45. E. nereifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 467; E. varians, Haw. Suce. Pl. 130; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 179. ?E. antiquorum, Wall. Cat. /688.— Rheede Hort, Mal. ii. t. 43. Norrn.wrst ; ; rocky hills. GozERAT, the DECCAN PENIN- WE and Ser», Wight ke: Oona and Borwa, in dry forests, Kurz.—DISTRIB. agascar P . . di À large shrub or tree, 20-25 ft. ; branches whorled; tubercles arranged ina spiral nt, conical, truncate. Leaves 6-12 in., deciduous, nerveless, midrib stout beneath. nvo “res 3 together in a short cyme with a minute serrulate bract at their base, teral peduncled 2-sexual, central sessile, male; lobes large, erect, ovate, fimbriate ; glands transversely oblong ; bracteoles most abundant, fimbriate. Stigmas capitate. "psule about iin. broad. Seeds smootb. 8. E. antiquorum, Linn. Hort. Cliff. 196; an erect fleshy glabrous 'OL, vy, 8 256 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Huphorbia. tree, branches terete or obscurely 3-6-angled, branchlets with 3-5 thick sinuate wings and a pair of sharp stipular thorns in the sinuses, leaves few small from the sides of the wings fleshy obovate-oblong tip rounded, in- volueres 3-nate forming short-peduncled cymes in the sinuses, styles free 2-lobed, cocci compressed glabrous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 81; Road. Fl. Ind. ii. 468; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 179; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 226; Brand. For. Fl. 438; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 416; Beddome Forester’s Man. 217; Wight Ic. t. 897. PE. arborescens, Roxb. l. c.—Rheede Hort. Mal. n. t. 42.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 7704 A, C. Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA and CEYLON, in dry places, ascending to 2000 ft. ; also cultivated for hedges. . A polymorphous plant, Wight; attaining 25 ft., Kurz.; branches 5-6 in. broad, wings repand-sinuate. Leaves few, small, deciduous, almost nerveless, shortly petioled. Cymes rarely compound; bracts opposite, “obovate” (Kurz). Znvolucres hemispherical, nearly + in. broad, yellow, the lateral ones on the cyme shortly thickly pedicelled, the central sessile, female; bracteoles abundant, fimbriate. Fruit j m. diam.—Wight refers the plant he figures of this species to a var. polygona, and repre- sents the bracts as triangular ovate and acute, and the cymes as lax with long pedun- cles and pedicels. 26. E. tortilis, Rottler, ex Wight Ic. t. 898 ; an erect fleshy glabrous shrub, branches broad jointed 3-4-angled and spirally twisted, angles com- pressed lobulate with a pair of stout stipular spines on the lobes, leaves ?, involucres 3-nate very shortly stoutly peduncled forming small clusters 1n the sinuses campanulate lobes glabrous, styles very short connate at the base, cocci not compressed. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 81; Brand. For Fl. 439.—Euphorb. Wall. Cat. 7704 B. DECCAN PENINSULA; Madras and the Coromandel coast. CryLon, Thwaites. A shrub; branches 2-3 in. broad; spines } in. long. Leaves not described. Cymes of 3 subsessile green involucres each about l in. diam.; bracts minute ovate, acute. Involucre green with fimbriate lobes and large glands; bracteoles very abundant, fimbriate. Styles subspathulate, emarginate. Fruit } in. diam. ; cocci keeled.— Wight’s figure of this differs from that of E. antiquorum in the short crowded cymes, glabrous involucral lobes, rounded cocci, and stouter 2-lobed styles. As with all the other species of this section, careful comparison of these characters 18 much wanted. Thwaites suggests its being a var. of E. antiquorum. 27. E. trigona, Haworth Succ. Pl. 127; an erect glabrous fleshy shrub, branches 3-5-winged, sinus between the wings acute, wings lobulate with one or two pairs of stout stipular spines on the lobes, leaves from the sides of the wings petioled obovate-spathulate fleshy, tips rounded or mucronate, cymes solitary in the sinuses very shortly peduncled, involucres 3 hemispheric, lobes cuneiform fimbriate, styles connate below undivided, p compressed glabrous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xy. ii. 82; Brand. For. Ft. i ’ Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 468; Wight Ic.t. 1863. E. antiquorum, var. B, Linn. P. Pl. 646. E. Cattimandoo, W. Elliot in Wight Ic. t. 1993; Boiss. l ¢. 85; Brandis, l.c. Dry rocky hills in the DECCAN, aud probably other parts of India. ANDAMAN Istanps, Kurz.—Distrip. Moluccas. Mo- The following description is from Roxburgh of specimens brought from the in luccas :—Stem 6-7 ft., branches ascending, usually 3-gonous. Leaves 1-2 by 374! 7 solitary from between the spines, deep green above, paler beneath. Cymes Sroa the sinuses generally of 3 involucres, the central sessile with 5 fascicles of pr 1 only ; lateral pedicelled with one female and five male fi. Znvolucral lobes rout"? jagged ; scales (bracteoles) numerous, multifid. Styles combined to the middle. ald Wight remarks of his E. Cattimandco, that it is so like E. trigona that he wo Euphorbia.] CXXXV. EuPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 257 not have introduced it into his Icones, but for the gum it yields. His description of it differs from £rigona only in the branches being 5-angled; but the figure further differs in the more remote protuberance of the branches, in the much smaller in- volucres, in the few stamens, and in the involucral lobes though fimbriate not being further cleft into lobes; he further figures the ovary of trigona as furnished with a cleft calyculus, which is noteworthy. The number of stamens no doubt varies, for Wight observes that in Cattimandoo sometimes the outer involucres of the cyme are male, sometimes the inner, and that trigona occasionally produces branches with solitary male involucres, 28. E. Royleana, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 83; an erect glabrous fleshy shrub, branches with 5-7 broad flat faces and as many short thick obtuse undulate not lobulate wings with a pair of stipular thorns on their margins, leaves not described, involucres 3-4 in a contracted sessile cyme hemispheric, lobes cuneate fimbriate, styles free to the base P, cocci Compressed glabrous. Brand. For. Fl. 488; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 368. E. pentagona, Royle Ill. 329, t. 82, f. 1 (not of Haworth). OvrER Himataya, in dry hilly tracts from Kumaon to the Jhelum, Royle, Brandis, ascending to 6000 ft. SALT RANGE, Aitchison. , Attains 16 ft. in height and a girth of 6 ft. Branches in Royle’s figure 3 inches in diameter, with flat spaces between thewings. Jnvolucres j in. diam., yellow-green, emispheric. Capsules 3 in. diam.—Royle’s figure is unsatisfactory as to the styles. Brandis says it is probably the species of the dry hills near Jeypur which furnishes a great part of the fuel of that city. Boissier, who has never seen this, points out that the only character whereby Royle’s figure enables him to distinguish it from Wight's plato of Cattimandoo, which species also he has not seen, are the broad flat spaces between wings. 6. RuizANTHIUM (see p. 245). 29. E. sessiliflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 471; a dwarf glabrous fleshy shrub or herb, root large tuberous, stem erect terete, leaves terminal deci- duous subsessile oblong or ovate- or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire, Involucres 1-3 sessile at the scars of fallen leaves minute campanulate, lobes fimbriate, styles short almost free undivided. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 76; Kurz For. Fl. ii, 415. Prev, Carey, Kurz. . Root an irregular tuber, as large as a large potato; stem 1 ft., simple. Leaves 13 in., smooth, fleshy, nearly nerveless ; stipular glands minute. — Znvolucres reddish, Solitary or: the two lateral rudimentary; lobes rounded-ovate, pectinate; glands Tansversely oblong. Ovary glabrous ; styles crimson. ,90. E. fusiformis, Ham. in Don Prodr. 62; a dwarf glabrous herb With a long stout cylindrie rootstock, leaves all radical 6-8 in. subsessile obovate or oblanceolate, cymes from the crown of the rootstock after the faves very variable in length dichotomous, bracts ovate or the upper or all truncate and 3-fid, involucres subsessile or in long or short peduncles “mispheric, styles combined to the middle, cocci compressed. Boiss. in Prodr. xy. ii. 93. E. acaulis, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 472; Boiss. l. c.; Grah, Cat. Bomb. PL 179; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. FI. 226. E. nana, Royle l. 329, t. 82, £. 2; Boiss. lc. 94; Wall. Cat. 7708. B TroPIoAaL HIMALAYA; Kumaon, Royle; Nepal, Hamilton; Oudh, Thomson ENGAL, Roxburgh. The CoxcaN, on the Bababoodan Hills, Graham, &c. ootstock 6-10 in. long, buried in the ground, 1} in. or less in diam., brown, smooth except at the scarred apex. Leaves acute or obtuse, fleshy, nerveless. Cymes in. long and less, with long peduncled involueres or very short in nana, with short uncles of the involucres. Znrolucres about 1 in. diam., greenish; lobes spathulute s 2 258 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Huphorbia. fimbriate. Capsule 4 in. diam., pedicel 4 in. long or less, sometimes very short. Seeds brondly obliquely ovoid, subacute, smooth.—Unlike as Royle's nana is to Rox- burgh's figure of acaulis, I am convinced that these are merely forms of one, the length of the cyme probably depending on the moisture of the soil, and whether produced in open ground or amongst herbage. The Concan specimens are intermediate. 7. GALARRHAUS (p. 246). * Perennial herbs. Capsules smooth (see also E. pilosa and khasyana). 31. E. himalayensis, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 113 (P of Klotzsch); erect, glabrous or pubescent above, leaves 1-2 in. alternate sessile elliptic- or linear-oblong obtuse, nerves obscure spreading, involucral 4 orbicular or rhombic-ovate, rays few short, involucres campanulate hairy within, lobes rounded tomentose, styles stout united below the middle, capsule } in. diam. and seeds quite smooth. ? E. himalayensis, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. 115. Tithymalus himalayensis, KJ. l c. t. 20. TEMPERATE Himataya (Hoffmeister ?) ; Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. H., &c. Stems 6-10 in. from a perennial stock, rather succulent, simple or sparingly branched, base scaly. Leaves rather coriaceous. Involucres 3 in. diam., hidden by the involucral leaves ; glands large, transversely oblong. Capsule shortly stipitate ; cocci rounded, Seeds 3 in. long, short broadly oblong, and very smooth; caruncie peltate.—The stout styles distinguish this from the smooth-fruited forms of E. pilosa and sikkimensis. Klotzsch’s figure of E. himalayensis represents a miserable specimen of a Euphorbia without fruit, which it is impossible to identify ; it has minute 1n- volucres with obscurely ciliate lobes. 32. E. Wallichii, Hook. f.; tall, erect, stem pubescent above, leaves 3-5 in. alternate sessile linear- or elliptic-oblong or -obovate acute, nerves many spreading, involucral 3-4 large rounded or rhombic-ovate acute, rays few short, involucres hemispheric hispid lobes broad margins woolly, styles slender united to the middle 2-fid, capsule 4 in. diam. and seeds smooth. E. involucrata, Wall. Cat. 7696 A, B (excl. loc. Silhet), (not of E. Meyer.) — Euphorbia, No. 330, Aitchison in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 93. WESTERN and CENTRAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich ; Kashmir, Chamba and Jamu, Aitchison, Thomson, &e.—DISTRIB. Kurrum Valley, Affghanistan, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Stems 1-2 ft. from a perennial stock, simple or sparingly divided above. Leaves membranous, sparsely hairy-especially on the broad midrib above and beneath; invo- lucral lj in. diam. — Znvolucres } in. diam. ; lobes very broad, rounded; glands large reniform. Capsule depressed globose; cocci woody ; pedicel very short. Seeds à long, globosely oblong very smooth, grey-blue; caruncle minute.—A large Species distinguished from all other Indian ones by the large involucres, capsules 8? seeds. There are two sheets of it in Herb. Wallich, one, A, from Gossainthan (indicating that it was procured by Wallich’s native collectors at some elevation 10 Nepal towards the snowy ranges) ; the other, B, is stated in the lithographed cata- logue to be from Silhet, but this in the original ticket is queried, and is doubtless i error, for the specimens are identical with those under A. The Western Himalay® specimens seem the same species, but it has not been collected between central Nepa and Jamu. Aitchison describes it as a very handsome species growing 10 large tufts. 33. E. Jacquemontii, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 113; stem simple or crisply puberulous, leaves 2-25 in. subpetiolate lanceolate guber glabrous, floral 3 ovate obtuse, umbel-rays 5 very short, involucre campan late hirsute without velvety within, lobes elongate ciliate, styles rather long; capsule small and seeds smooth. Euphorbía.] ^ cxxxv. gvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 259 Western HIMALAYA, Jacquemont. Rootstock as thick as the thumb, cylindric, rather fleshy; stems 1} ft. Leaves often reddish, base narrowed, beautifully nerved. Znvolucral glands stipitate, margins crisply undulate. Styles shortly 2-fid, connate } of their length. Capsule microsco- Pically granulate.—Of this and its variety I have seen no specimen; there is nothing in the description to distinguish it from a smooth-fruited E. pilosa. Van. B. lasiocarpa; young capsule hirtellous.—N.W. Himalaya, Jacquemont. Kashmir (Pir Panjab) and Western Tibet; Iskardo, Hugel. 94. E. sikkimensis, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 113; quite glabrous, leaves 21—4 in. petioled linear-oblong or -lanceolate acute, nerves ascending obscure, floral whorled and 3-4 involucral ovate-oblong obtuse, involucres hemispheric glabrous without hirsute within, lobes ovate ciliate, styles very slender connate to the middle, capsule 1 in. diam. smooth, seeds smooth.— Euphorb., Griff. Itin. Notes, p. 148, No. 713. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; in the inner valleys, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Buoran, at Lammoo, Griffith. Stems 3 to 4 ft. from a woody rootstock, stout, but not woody, branched above. Leaves 1-8 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, narrowed into a distinct but short petiole. Rays several, often compound ; invol. leaves }-} in. broad, yellow. J; nvolucres } in. 1am, ; glands transversely oblong. Styles very shortly 2-fid. Capsule } in. diam. ; pedicel about as long; cocci globose. Seeds 45 in. diam., nearly globose; caruncle small_— The leaves narrowed into a slender petiole and short involucres distinguish this from E. longifolia. 35. E. Griffithii, Hook. f.; tall, quite glabrous, stem branched above, leaves 2-3 in. sessile linear acute or apiculate, nerves many obscure, floral similar, involucral 3-4 small ovate red, base acute, involucres small cam- Panulate glabrous without villous within, lobes small orbicular villous, styles stout united above the middle, capsule small and seeds smooth. E. oj, mensis, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 113 (the Bhotan plant, Griffith 963, oniy). Buoran Himataya ; at Woolooka, alt. 7-8500 ft., Grifith. Stems from a perennial stock, stout, but not woody, 2-3 ft. ; branches slender. aves rather membranous, 4-} in. diam., narrowed into a very short petiole, nearly lack when dry; involucral scarlet or orange-red, 1-3 in. Rays 8-12, slender, about equalling the floral leaves or longer. Znvolucres much smaller than in sikkimensis ; glands large, reniform. Capsule rather woody. Seeds not seen.—Boissier (quoting Griffith's No, 963) confounded this very distinct species with Æ. sikkimensis. The Scarlet colour of the invelucral leaves is evident in the dried specimens. 36. E. Stracheyi, Boiss. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 114; stems many straggling from the rootstock branching prostrate or ascending pubescent, eaves 1-2 in. sessile obovate obtuse, involucral 2-4 broadly obovate, um- els. Solitary peduncled terminating the flowering branches, involucres emispherie, lobes eiliate, styles short nearly free, capsule globose pabescent Or minutely granulate, seeds smooth motiled.— Euphorb. Wall. Cat. 7685 and 7695 (the 4 small specimens). ALPINE HIMALAYA; Wallich; Kumaon, alt, 12-15,000 ft., Strachey § Winterbottom (Euphorb. MU 17, 19, 20) ; Garwhal, alt. 10-12,000 ft, Duthie; Sikkim, alt. 12°16,000 ft, J. D. H; Bhotan, Grifffh. | EM 1 Rootstock often long, stout, woody, Involucres j5-i n. diam., hairy within ; obes often large; glands reniform. Styles rather long, nearly free (connate to beyond e middle, Boissier). Capsule 1 in. diam., not deeply lobed; pedicel very short. eeds oblong, caruncle minute.— This varies excessively in size according to soil and Exposure. The umbels are almost invariably solitary, but there are indications of 260 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ZEuphorbia. several rays being sometimes formed. Wallich’s specimens have very slender much- branched stems, a foot long, with rather membranous black leaves; Strachey's have stout branches, 1—4 in., and coriaceous leaves sometimes secund on prostrate flowerless branches; Sikkim ones are intermediate between the above, and have often ciliate leaves; Griffith’s are very small indeed, with stout simple stems less than an inch high, and leaves 4—4 in. long. Var.? radiata; leafing stems very many, 3 in. erect pubescent, flowering longer simple nearly leafless with 3-5 long-peduncled umbels, leaves 4 in. elliptic-oblong glabrous.—Garwhal, at Ramni, Strach. & Wint. (Euphorb. n. 16).—A solitary specimen without fruit. 37. E. tibetica, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 114; quite glabrous, stems many suberect or straggling from the woody rootstock, cauline leaves 1-3 in. alternate sessile linear- or subcuneate- or spathulate-oblong tip rounded or truncate retuse or toothed, floral opposite and involucral similar, involucres axillary and in the forks very short turbinate glabrous within, lobes small ovate, styles short stout, capsule and seeds quite smooth. WESTERN TIBET; Laptal (North of Kumaon), alt. 15,000 ft., Strachey & Winter- bottom (No. 6) ; Piti, alt. 13,000 ft., Thomson; Karakoram, alt. 10,700 ft., Clarke. — DISTRIB. Kashgar, Rootstock sometimes as long and thick as the middle finger, Stems 6-12 in., dichotomously branched, and foliage pale rather succulent. Leaves } in. diam. or less, sometimes with the sides quite parallel, toothing of tips very variable. In- volucres z in. broad; glands large, transversely oblong ; lobes entire, lobulate or toothed (ciliate, Boissier). Capsule shortly stipitate (pedicel long, Boissier), 3-¢ in. diam., pale green, furrows not deep between the oblong cocci. Seeds oblong -obovoid, caruncle rather large conic. 38. E. Thomsoniana, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 113; quite glabrous, stem simple sparingly leafy, leaves 2-11 in. sessile elliptic or ovate obtuse or subacute, nerves few obscure ascending, floral broader, involucral 2 sub- orbicular, involucres campanulate glabrous without, with 4 hairy lines within, lobes short fimbriate, styles long slender, capsules large oblong an seeds smooth. WESTERN TIBET; Leh, alt. 10-12,000 ft., Thomson; Gilgit, Gl. Stems a foot high from a stout perennial stock, unbranched, scaly at the base. Leaves 4-3 in. broad, coriaceous, dull yellow when dry, upper and under surfaces alike. Rays 3-6, longer than the floral leaves. Involucres i in. broad; lobes small; glands substipitate, transversely oblong. Capsule shortly stipitate, } in. long, ł in. diam. ; cocci not separate by a deep sulcus, oblong. Seed pale oblong, } in. long, quite smooth; caruncle small, peltate.—A very distinct species. "t ** Perennial herbs. Capsules usually warted. Seed th. (Capsule often smooth in E. pilosa and khasiana.) rte eeds moo ( 39. E. pilosa, Linn. Sp. PI. 460; tall, glabrous or pubescent, stems erect branched above, leaves alternate sessile or subsessile membranous from linear to oblong acute or obtuse, nerves slender spreading, involucral rounded or broadly ovate and aente, rays long or short, involncres campanu- late villous within, styles long slender connate below the middle, capsule small smooth or warted glabrous or puberulous, seeds smooth. `-Boiss. 1m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 116, and Fl. Orient. iv. 1096; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 138, 139, and Je, Crit. ii. t. 145. E. procera, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 378; Reichb. Cent. ii. t. 270.—Euphorb. No. 7,9, 10, Herb. Strachey Winterbottom. WzsTERN HIMALAYA; from Garwhal westward to Murree.—DISTRIB. Soongaris, Eastern Sibe. ia and westward to the Atlantic. Euphorbia.] ^ oxxxv. EvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 261 Stems many from the rootstock, 1-3 ft., leafy. Leaves rarely more than } in. broad, sometimes minutely serrulate towards the tip or along the whole margin; nerves numerous but obscure; involucral bright yellow, always orbicular but some- times pointed at the tip and with an acute base. Aays5-9,long or short. Involucres about } in. diam., often hairy without ; glands reniform ; pedicelshort. Styles often nearly as long as the capsule, but variable in length. Capsule in. diam., subglobose. Seeds 51, in. long, broadly oblong-ovoid; caruncle small, flat.—After a very carefu examination I am unable to regard E. cognata as anything but a form of È. pilosa, with the warts of the capsule usually, but not always, more developed. Boissier de- scribes that of pilosa as smooth or sparsely and minutely tubercled. E. cornigera, which he separates from cognata by the serrulate leaves, in this respect differs from that plant as his own var. trigonocarpa of pilosa does from true pilosa. As to Royle’s E. cashmeriana, it is impossible to refer so wretched a figure with certainty to any one species, but I have little doubt about its being this. Boissier’s locality for cognata of ** Nubra (Edgeworth) " is a misreading; it is not a Tibetan plant. . , E. pilosa proper; capsule smooth or minutely warted.—I find specimens with this character mixed with the following. Var. cognata ; rays often numerous, capsule with few or many small depressed or larger conical warts. E. cognata, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 120. E. consanguinea, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis, Pr. Wald.t.19. Tithymalus cognatus, Klotzsch l.c. p. 66. ? E. cashmeriana, Royle Iii, 329, t. 82, f. 4; Boiss. l. c. . , ar. cornigera ; leaves finely serrulate, capsule with conical warts. E. cornigera, Boiss, 1. c. 122.—Kashmir, alt. 6500-8500, Jacquemont, &c. ; Murree, Fleming, &c. ; Kulu, Edgeworth. . u , Var. myrtifolia; stems short decumbent or ascending, leaves 3-1 in. elliptic acute faintly serrulate. E. myrtifolia, Edgew, mss.— Kulu, Edgeworth. 40. E. Edgeworthii, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 120; tall, robust, quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. sessile membranous oblong obtuse or acute ase rounded, floral broadly ovate, involucral 3-4 orbicular, involucres small Campanulate villous within, lobes ovate ciliate, capsule } in. diam. warted, seeds rugose. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kumaon, above Leetee, Edgeworth. I suspect that this is only a state of E. pilosa with broader leaves rounded at the base, The specimen is a solitary one in fruit, having only one capsule, of the form and size of Er, pilosa, The only ripe seed is rugose, but it may be in a diseased con- ition ; the caruncle is minute and peltate. 4l. E. micractina, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 127 ; perennial, shortly Sparsely hairy, stems short erect, leaves minute alternate sessile uppermost largest $ in. elliptic-oblong obtuse remotely crenulate floral equalling the rays, involucral 3 ovate obtuse, involucre campanulate lobes ovate subciliate, capsule depressed warted, seeds obsoletely granulate. Kasur, on Pir Panjal; Jacquemont, in birch woods. _ Root vertical, cylindric. Stems 6-8 in. Leaves gradually larger upwards, largest 2 in. broad ; involucral 1} lines long. Rays j-j in. Styles connate at the base, 2-fid. Capsule depressed-globose, warts conical. Seed 1} line diam., ovoid, caruncle depressed.—I have seen no specimens. Boissier, who likens it to a very diminutive orm Of E. Apios or dulcis, does not describe the glands of the involucre, but puts it ' the same section as cognata (pilosa). 42. B. longifolia, Don Prodr. 62; tall glabrous or sparsely hairy, leaves 1-4 in. coriaceous sessile linear-oblong obtuse or acute nerves obsolete, involucra] 3-4 orbicular or broadly ovate and apiculate, rays few short, Involuereg campanulate villous within, lobes rounded villous, styles long slender deeply 2-fid connate below the middle, capsule + in. diam. covered obscurely and sparsely with conical warts, seeds smooth. Boiss. in DC. 262 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Euphorbia. Prodr. xv. ii. 120.—Euphorb. Wall. Cat. 7694 A and 7695 (the central specimen). NEPAL, Hamilton, at Thoukote, Wallich. . ] I fear that this is only another form of E. pilosa, with more coriaceous leaves. Capsule rather broader than long, shortly stipitate, sulci deep between the globose cocci, Seeds 53, in. long, broadly obovoid, pale ; caruncle small, —Strachey and Winter- bottom’s No. 10, referred here by Boissier, is, I think, clearly E. pilosa, var. cognata. 43. E. khasyana, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 120 and 1266 ; erect, quite glabrous, stems stout sparingly branched above, leaves 1-2 in. ine sessile coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate obtuse nerves very obscure, involucra 2-3 orbicular or broadly ovate and apiculate, rays few stout, involaers hemispheric villous within, styles stout united to the middle obscurely 2-fid, capsule } in. diam. smooth or warted, seeds smooth. Kuasta Mrs.; alt. 5-6000 ft, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4693, by error named E fimbriata, Wall.), J. D. H. & T. T., &c. . This again I suspect may prove a variety of E. pilosa. It differs from £. M folia, which it is very near, in the shorter stems, stouter habit, shorter broader rather more acute leaves, and obscurely 2-fid styles. The capsule and seeds are exactly "t sikkimensis.—The name fimbriata, Wall, applied to specimens of this distriby e from Herb. Griffith, was inadvertently attached by Boissier to specimens of this plan in the Kew Herbarium, and cited as such in the Prodromus (p. 1266). *** Annuals. Capsule smooth. Seeds pitted (unknown in E. peltata). 44. E. helioscopia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 459; annual, erect, dichotomously branched above, leaves alternate shortly petioled obovate or spathulate serrulate, floral similar, involucral orbicular or oblong rays about 5, va lucres turbinate lobes oblong glands fimbriate, capsule smooth globose, seeds deeply reticulately pitted. Fl. Dan. t. 725; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 1 and 4754; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 196, and Fl. Orient. iv. 1107. The PANJAB and WESTERN HIMALAYA, in fields; introduced into the Nilghiris.— DISTRIB. Affghanistan and westward to the Atlantic, Japan ; introduced elsewhere. Stem often very stout and copiously umbellately or dichotomously branched a ove with divaricate branches. Leaves 2 in. long and under, membranous ; floral large; involucral 2-4, small. Znrolucres -} in. diam., glabrous; lobes small; glands m form. Capsule } in. diam.; cocci rounded at the back. Seed turgidly oblong, © .8. . : ot subglobose.—Boissier describes the seed as acute and compressed, which 1 cann contirm. 45. E. peltata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 474; annual, erect, quite glabrous branched from below, leaves alternate sessile subspathulately oblanceo s acute serrate upper larger, floral 5 oblanceolate, involucral 3-4 elliptic a hin at both ends, involucres minute campanulate with 3 villous lines wit ‘ie glands peltate reniform, stamens few, styles free shortly 9.fid, capsu smooth. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 197. Interior of the COROMANDEL coast, Roxburgh. niin A foot high ; branches curved upwards. Leaves, lower 3, upper and floral : A iu all strongly nerved ; involucral “ oblong to cordate,” Roxb. Rays very slender, lobor Involucres greenish yellow with purple glands; lobes narrow, ciliate. Capsule er dica, scarcely any angle to be seen.— The above description is from Roxburgh’s Flora ^n t 2 and his unpublished drawing at Kew. It is described from plants grown 1M Calcutta Gardens raised from seeds sent from Coromandel. 8. EsuLA (see p. 247). * Annuals. 46. E. dracunculoides, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 428; annual, glabrous, Euphorbia.] oxxxv. EupHoRBIAcER. (J. D. Hooker.) 263 stems erect.many from the root leafy, leaves sessile linear-lanceolate sub- acute base acute rarely rounded or subcordate, involucral 2 broader at the base, involucres turbinate, lobes ovate ciliate, glands semilunate, styles short ee, capsule smooth, seeds oblong leprous. Boiss. in DC. Prodr.-xv. ii. 139, and Ic. Euphorb.t. 91; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. A74. E. lanceolata, Heyne. in Roth Nov. Sp. 930; Spreng. Syst. ii. 791. E. uniflora, Wall. Cat. 7700, and Herb. Royle (not of FT. Ind.). From the PANJAB to BEHAR in the plains and low hills, and southward to CANARA and CoRovAxDEL.—DisTRIB. Westwards to Arabia and Trop. Africa. ! Stems 12-18 in. high, often excessively branched dichotomously, branches divari- cate. Leaves 1-13 in. long; involucral shorter. Znvolucres solitary, hairy within. Capsule i-) in. diam., hardly depressed. Seeds oblong, with a white tuberculate testa.— Roth describes the margins of the leaves as scabrous. 47. E. Maddeni, Boiss. i» DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 141; annual, quite gla- brous, branched from the base, leaves 3-1 in. alternate sessile obovate- spathulate tip rounded base acute, floral longer opposite, involucral ovate oblong obtuse, involucres subsessile turbinate, lobes triangular 2-fid, glands semilunate 2-cornute, styles nearly free 2-fid, capsule smooth, seeds oblong obscurely ribbed smooth.—Euphorb. No. 15, Herb. Strachey § Winter- m. otto WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon to Murree, alt. 5-9000 ft., Madden, &c. Whole plant 4-10 in. high, very variable in amount of branching, pale green, branches sometimes dichotomously divaricate. Zeaves membranous, always narrowed at the base, sometimes retuse at the apex, nerves very slender. Znvolucres solitary in the forks of the flowering branches, or the axils of their opposite leaves, sometimes in Tayed umbels ; vo in. diam., glabrous. Capsule thin, longer than broad, sulci deep etween the oblong cocci, pale, } in. diam. ; pedicel very short. Seeds j in. long, oblong, top rounded, caruncle orbicular. 48. E. falcata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 450 ; annual, dwarf, glabrous, stems erect dichotomously divaricatingly branched, leaves sessile oblong-obovate or linear cuspidately acuminate, floral 2-4 and involucral broader oblong or the mvolucral cordate cuspidately caudately acuminate, involucres minute Urbinate lobes fimbriate glands semilunate, styles free, capsule small ovoid, cocci keeled, seeds transversely furrowed. Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 40, and F7, Orient. iv. 1111; Jacq. FT. Austr. ii. t. 121; HeicAb. Ie. FI. erm. v. t. 14]. The PANJAB, at Rawul Pindee, Aitchison, GILGIT, Giles.—DIsTRIB. Affghanistan and westward to Arabia, Mid. and South Europe and N. Africa. . À small annual, 6-12 in, high, with pale rigid stems and branches. Leaves lin. and less, floral and involucral sometimes serrulate." Znvolucres glabrous, hidden by the floral leaves, glands minute. Capsule 1; in. long, thin. Seeds pale, compressed and obscurely 3-sided, ecarunculate.—I have seen only a single Indian specimen from the Panjab in a young state, and another from Gilgit, but the characteristic "Uspidate leaves of the species are unmistakable. Dr, Aitchison’s note says that it 1S common, 49. E. Rothiana, Spreng. Syst. iii. 796; annual or perennial, erect, glabrous, glaucous, stem copiously branched above, leaves alternate linear- anceolate or oblanceolate base acute, floral sessile ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute, involucra] 2-3 triangular-ovate or ovate-cordate mucronate, involucres portly campanulate lobes toothed and mouth villous glands semilunate 2- yrned, styles free 2-fid, capsule smooth, seeds oblong bluish. Boiss. in - Prodr. xy, ii. 156; Wight Ie. t. 1864; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 226; 264 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Zuphorbia. Wawra Bot. It. Pr. S. Cob. 44. E. glauca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 473. PE. segetalis, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 179 (not of Willd.). E. oreophila, Miquel Analect. Bot. iii. 17; Boissl.c. E. Wightiana, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 37. E. graminea, Kenig in Herb. Vind. E. divergens, Klotzsch in Heise Pr. Wald. Bot. t. l8. E. leta, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 230. E. lanceolaria, Herb. Heyne, and E. linifolia, Herb. Russell, in Wall. Cat. 7691. Tithymalus divergens, Klotzsch l.e. 114. Hills of CENTRAL INDIA and the Decoan PENINSULA, from Banda, Edgeworth, southwards, alt. 4-6000 ft. CEYLON; common up to 7000 ft., Thwaites. Stems usually stout, sometimes profusely dichotomously branched above, the branches bearing pairs of involucral leaves. Leaves 2-5 by i-$ in., coriaceous or membranous, sometimes acuminate, nerves diverging, very obscure, floral and invo- lucral shorter, very variable. Rays few or many. Involucres 4^, in. diam., glabrous or hairy without, villous within; lobes variable, short ; bracteoles very few. Fila- ments hairy., Capsule 3-1 in. diam., glabrous or hairy, quite smooth ; pedicels long or short, deeply lobed. Seeds subglobose pale and imperfect, or broadly oblong or obovoid, brown-black or bluish, quite smooth; caruncle very small.—Boissier dis- tinguishes E. oreophila from Rothiana by being taller, with leaves narrower at the base, umbels with more rays, involucral lobes truncate, and glabrous capsules, none of which characters appear to me to hold good, the organs to which they refer being extremely variable. The infertile seeds which occur in most of the specimens are larger than the fertile, and more globose, with no perceptible caruncle. ‘This species is described as annual, and so are many specimens, but others appear as if from a perennial stock. Klotzsch’s Æ. divergens is stated to be a native of the Himalaya, where E. Rothiana has not been found by others. I follow Boissier in referring it to the latter species. Var. B, pubescens, Boiss. 1. c. ; branchlets and leaves more or less pubescent.— Canara, near Mercara, Hohenacker, Pl. Ind. Or. No. 807. ** Perennials (see also 49. E. Rothiana). 50. E. kanaorica, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 154; perennial, quite glabrous, stems very many from the rootstock decumbent much branched naked below, leaves 4-3 in. alternate coriaceous obovate-spathulate, floral opposite similar, involucres in the axils. of 2 opposite orbicular leaves shortly pedicelled campanulate glabrous within, lobes triangular small, glands large 2-cornute, styles quite free 2-fid at the very tips only, capsule smooth, seeds oblong smooth. WESTERN HIMALAYA; Kunawar on the ascent to the Runang Pass, alt. 15,000 ft. ? Thomson. Rootstock slender? Stems 6-10 in., flaccid, flexuous. Leaves yellowish when dry, always narrowed at the base except the upper involucral; costa and nerves ine visible. Znvolucres 3; in. diam.. Capsules } in. diam., pale. Seeds exactly as 10 E. Maddeni.—This a good deal resembles a very small E. Maddeni, but it has certainly a perennial stock, the leaves are coriaceous or fleshy, the styles short quite free an hardly 2-fid. 5l. E. prolifera, Ham. in Don Prodr. 62; quite glabrous, stems many from a stout rootstock, erect subsimple, leaves 1-3 in. very coriaceous narrow linear to linear-oblong or -spathulate obtuse or acute, floral 4 elliptic obtuse, involucral 2-4 rounded, involucres shortly campanulate lobes tri- angular fimbriate glands peltate very variable, styles short stout revo" deeply 2-fid, capsule broad smooth, seeds globose smooth. E. nepalepsrm Boiss. in DC, Prodr. xv. ii. 157. E. cuneifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 4715 Walt Cat. 7701.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 7698, 7699. CENTRAL and WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Nepal to Kashmir, ascending t° Euphorba.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACER, (J. D. Hooker.) 265 $000 ft.; also in the plains or rocky hills: from Oudh to the Panjab.— DISTRIB. unan. Stems 6-12 in., stout, often with proliferous shoots of very narrow acute leaves ; stock as thick as the thumb. Leaves 4-3 in. broad, base acute or rounded, quite entire, upper or floral rarely oblong or ovate, nerves 3 very slender. Znvolucres } in, diam., glabrous without and within ; lobes acute; glands stipitate, peltate reniform or semilunate and 2-horned, or transversely oblong, entire or irregularly toothed ; bracteoles numerous, Styles connate below the middle. Capsule 1-À in. diam, long pedicelled, rather depressed. Seed mottled or not, ecarunculate, 52. E. thyrsoidea, Boiss. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii, 164; glabrous, tall, stem grooved with ‘many short branches from the axils upper with 6-10 twin 2-fid rays forming a thyrse, leaves rhombic-oblong from a narrow base subacute remotely denticulate much veined beneath, of the sterile branches narrowly linear, floral orbicular-ovate obtuse, involucres short lobes large ciliate, styles rather long connate to the middle. Nortny.West HIMALAYA, Jacquemont. : Stem 3 ft. Leaves 3 by lin., upper smaller, membranous. ZAyrse terminal, in, long, reddish in flower. Znvolucres turbinately hemispheric, lobes truncate or retuse; glands with converging horns. Styles 2-lobed, tips thickened. Capsule unknown.—I have seen no specimens. Boissier, who places it in the same section as F. Rothiana, describes it as allied to E. agraria, M. Bieb., of Asia Minor, and Æ. iberica, Boiss., of Persia, &c., and as being remarkable for the distinctly veined leaves. It seems to have the denticulate leaves of E. pilosa var. cornigera, and the shcots with very narrow leaves of E. prolifera. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. E. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Ham. in Don Prodr. 62; perennial, stem 1 foot erect branched subvillous, umbels trifid, leaves scattered linear obtuse glabrous, involucres subsessile, glands bicornute.—Nepal, at Norcotera, Hamilton. Boissier (in DC. p. 177) suggests this being E. Rothiana, which is not a N epal species and is usually glabrous. E. (Chamesycew) HISPIDA, Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 8, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 27; annual, softly hispid, stems decumbent or prostrate, leaves subsessile elliptic obtuse tip sharply serrulate base rounded, the larger 4 in., involucres solitary forming Short leafy axillary racemes turbinate glabrous, throat with a white beard, lobes ovate, glands transversely ovate as broad as their white or rosy obtusely 2-3-lobed limb, styles short 2-fid, cocci sparsely hairy acutely keeled, seed white, transversely taberculately rugose. E. calliadena, Engelm. mss.—India, Wallich. n. 325, and 207 In Herb, Kew, Himalaya, Jacquemont; Kashmir, at Pir Pundjal, Hugel.—I find B Plant answering to these numbers in Kew Herbarium, nor do I find them cited in sits Herbarium. Boissier places it next to E. coccinea. Can it be E. Kmodi, E. (Chamæsyceæ) NILAGHIRIOA, Miquel Analect. Bot. iii. 17, and in Hohenack. Herb, Ind. Or. No. 1128; perennial ?, much branched from the base, branches 8-12 in. red-brown stout angled when dry leafy, leaves 3-} in. sessile coriaceous broadly obliquely oblong obscurely crenulate tip rounded minutely toothed or not, nerves very Obscure, stipules subulate glabrous, involucres sessile and shortly pedicelled '5 in. ‘am. glabrous lobes subulate longer than the oblong glands which have no limb, Capsule shortly pedicelled trigonously 3-lobed, cocci sharply keeled, styles very short, Nilghiri Mee bare, E. sanguinea, y nilaghirica, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 35.— S., Metz. . . th A doubtful plant, resembling some varieties of E. corrigioloides, but differing from at in the less thick leaves, solitary involucres, larger capsules and shorter styles, th 'ssier refers it to Æ., sanguinea, Hochst, as var. nilagirica, but it is quite unlike i at plant. Engelmann (in Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Survey, 187) refers it to Æ. aequilatera, Sonder (in Linnea xxiii, 105), a Natal plant, referred as a variety atalensis) to sanguinea by Boissier. 266 cxxxv. EUPHORBIACER. (J.D. Hooker.) [Euphorbia E. Pepuvs, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 7706, from Roxburgh, is a specimen of the true plant, no doubt introduced into India. E. prostrata, Ait. Hort. Kew, ii. 139.—Engelmann (in Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Exped.) says of this American species, that it is found in India; but I have seen no specimen, nor does Boissier, who figures it well (Euphorb. Ic. t. 17), mention it as Indian. Itisa native of W. Africa and the Mauritius. It closely resembles E. microphylla, differing in the ciliate keel of the cocci. E. PRUNIFOLIA, Jaeq. Hort. Schanb. iii. t. 277; Wall. Cat. 7690, from the Calcutta Bot. Garden, is an American plant (E. geniculata, Ortega; Boiss. m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 72). E. PYRIFOLIA, Lamk. Dict. ii. 419 ; Wail. Cat. 7084, from the Calcutta Bot. Garden, is a native of Mauritius. E. (Anisophyllum) TENUIS, Ham. in Don Prodr. 62 ; annual, stems decumbent much dichotomously branched pubescent, leaves opposite petioled entire ovate-oblong obtuse pubescent beneath, floral lanceolate acute, limb of the glands entire rounded, capsule trigonous pubescent.—Nepal, at Bassaria, Hamilton. . E. (Anisophyllum) vNIFLORA, Row. Fl. Ind. ii. 473; annual, stems diffuse, di- chotomous, filiform, leaves sublinear, base obliquely -cordate tip serrulate, involucres solitary, capsule glabrous.—Frequent in fields, Roxburgh. Dalzell's plant of this name (Bomb. Fl. 227) is E. microphylla, Heyne. 2. SARCOCOCCA, Lindi. Evergreen glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, quite entire, penni- or triple-nerved. Flowers in short axillary racemes, moncecious, apetalous, bracteate. Disk 0. Mate ru. Sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricate, Stamens as many and opposite them; free; anthers dorsifixed, oblong, at length recurved, Fem. FL. Sepals 4 or 6, as in the male. Ovary 2-* celled; styles short, erect, entire, at length recurved; ovules 2 in each cell, raphe dorsal. Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous or fleshy, endocarp. hare Seeds 1-2, testa membranous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad.— Specie? 2-3, Indian and Malayan. S. pruniformis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1012; leaves from broadly . elliptic to ovate-lanceolate acuminate, fruit ellipsoid or globose. S. saligna, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 11; Beddome Foresters Man. 217; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 371. S. trinervia, Wight Ic. t. 1877. S. suma- trana, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 191. S. salicifolia, Baill. Monogr. Bur 49. Buxus saligna, Don Prodr. 63. B. coriaceus, Spreng. Syst. Y. 314. Pachysandra ? coriacea, Hook. Exot. FL. t. 148. Tricera nepalensis, Wae Cat. 7979 A, B, C, D. Lepidopelma podocarpifolia, Klotzsch in Reise E Wald. Bot. 118, t. 92. Myrica canarensis, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. ™ triplinervis, Mig. l.c. No. 484. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Murree to Bhotan, alt. 5-9000 ft., Wallich, &c. Krnasra Mrs. and MUNNIPORE, alt. 4-6000 ft. Deccan PENINSULA ; on the Western Ghats from Canara southwards. CEYLON, alt. 5-8000 ft.—DISTRIB. Afghanistan, Sumatra. . A handsome shrub; branches green, terete. Leaves and their nervation e variable, 1-5 in. long, sometimes caudate-acuminate, base acute or rounded; pu i-b in. Racemes lax- or dense-fld., 1-8 in. long, female fl. below the males ; e of of the male bracteate and usually 2-bracteolate; bracts very variable in pisi the fem, fl, more numerous, decussate. Flowers yellow, } in. long. Sepals s obtuse. Stamens twice as long. Fruit very variable in size and shape, rarely $ all long, purple.— After a long study I am obliged (following Herb. Wallich) to unt the Indian forms under one species. I recognize the following principal varieties. Sarcococca.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEAE. (J. D. Hooker.) 267 S. PRUNIFORMIS PROPER; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate triple-nerved, fruit ellipsoid.—Himalaya and Western Ghats. Van. brevifolia ; leaves smaller ovate obtusely acuminate usually triple-nerved, irira short, male pedicels ebracteolate. S. saligna & brevifolia, Mueller Arg. l. c. .— Ceylon. Var. zeylanica; leaves usually triple-nerved, male pedicels 4-bracteolate, styles sharply recurved, fruit shortly ellipsoid. S. prunifornis, Thwaites Enum. 290 in part. $. zeylanica, Baill. Monog. Bux. 52; Muell. Arg. l. c.—Ceylon. VaR, Hookeriana; leaves narrower lanceolate or linear-lanceolate usually penni- herved, fruit globose. S. Hookeriana, Baill. Monogr. Bux. 53; Muell. l.c. 13. Tricera nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 7979 A (in part).—Himalaya (attaining 9000 ft. in Sikkim), Affghanistan.—Klotzsch's Lepidopelma, and Mueller’s saligna B, are inter- mediate between pruniformis proper and Hookeriana. 3. BUXUS, Linn. Evergreen glabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, penni- nérved, quite entire. Flowers in dense very short erect axillary racemes, monoecious, bracteate, apetalous. Disk O. MALE rr. Sepals 4in2 series, mbricate. Stamens as many and opposite them, free; anthers dorsifixed, oblong, at length recurved. Ferm. rr. Sepals 6, 2 outer much smaller, imbricate. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, short, thick, often distant ; ovules 2 m each cell, raphe dorsal. Capsule ovoid, crowned by the persistent styles, loculicidally 3-valved, valves bearing the split styles, endocarp splitting away from the coriaceous exocarp. Seeds oblong, testa black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons narrow, oblong.—Species about 20, temperate and tropical, _ B. sempervirens, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 144; leaves oblong linear-oblong or lanceolate tip obtuse rounded or retuse, flowers sessile, Capsule 3-horned. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 153; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 315; edeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 583; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 369. B. Wallichiana, Baill, Monogr. Bux. 63; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1.18. B. emar- gnata, Herb, Royle. B. sempervirens, var. arborea, Wall. mss. B. longi- folia, Jacquem. Journ.—Buxus, Wall. Cat. 7978. TrwPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to Simla, alt. 5-9000 ft.; Bhotan, alt. 5-9000 ft., Griffith. PANJAB, on the Salt range, &c., Aitchison, Fleming. DISTRIB. Westvards to N. Africa and Britain, and northwards in W. Siberia, Turkestan, China apan. À small much-branched bush or tree; buds and edges of young leaves puberulous. aves very variable in form and size, about 1-2 in. long in the Himalayan form ; petiole very short. Racemes few-fld., fascicled, terminal flowers female. Sepals ODtuse. Stamens far exserted, filaments very stout ; anthers 3 times as long as broad. Styles equalling the ovary. Capsule } in. long, ovoid, wrinkled. Seeds black.—The distribution is curious, not extending to Nepal or Sikkim, though found in Kumaon and Bhotan ; and being absent in N, Asia between W. Siberia and China. . va, >È microphylla; dwarf, leaves 1-3 in. elliptic or subspathulate. B. japonica, lla microphylla, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 20.—Kumaon, on dry rocks, alt. ,10-12,000 ft., Duthie. 4. BRIDELIA, Willd. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, sometimes with strong straight nerves and cross-nervules. Flowers small or minute, 1n axillary or Spicate clusters, monoecious or dicecious, bracteate. sessile or very shortly Pedicelled. Calyx 5(4~6)-cleft ; lobes valvate. Petals much smaller than the calyx-lobes.” Disk broad, of the male pulvinate or adnate to the calyx- 268 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Bridelia. tube ; of the female with the centre conical, membranous, truncate, often enclosing the young ovary. Stamens 5; filaments united below in a column which bears a terminal pistillode, free above and spreading ; antheris parallel. Ovary 2- rarely 3-celled, glabrous; styles 2, forked ; ovules 2 1n each cell. Drupe small, with 1-2 usually 1-seeded cocci or pyrenes. Albumen fleshy or membranous ; cotyledons thin or fleshy.— Species about 30, Tropic African, Asiatic and Australian. * Nerves 8-20 (rarely fewer than 12) pair. 1. B. retusa, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 48; shoots and leaves beneath glabrous or tomentose, leaves rigidly coriaceous elliptic oblong ovate or obovate tip acute obtuse or rounded, base acute obtuse or cordate, nerva 15-20 pairs strong straight parallel, flowers diœcious in axillary or spicate clusters sessile or pedicelled glabrous or pubescent, calyx-lobes ovate acata, petals of male orbicular crenate, of fem. subspathulate, fruit globose mete on the hardly enlarged calyx. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1.493; Bait. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 25, fig. 25-34; Thwaites Enum. 279; Brand. for, Fl. 449, t. 55; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 368; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 306 ; "ar dome Fl. Sylvat. t. 260. B. amcena, Wall. ex Baill. l.c. (fid. Muell.). PL montana, Wall. Cat. 7879 (in part); Baill. 1. c. 583; Grah. Cat.. Bomb. a 184; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 233. B. spinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. in. $7 Wall. Cat. 1883 B in part; Grah. l.c. 184. Cluytia retusa, Linn. Sp. t 1042. C. spinosa, Willd. in Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 38, t. 172. Andrachne Doonkyboisca, Herb. Heyne; Wall. Cat. sub 7879.—Rheede Hort. Mal. u. t. 16. Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA, along the foot of the Himalaya from Kashmir to Mishmi, ascending to 3500 ft. and thence southward to BURMA, MALACCA, TRAVANCOR and CEYLON. : A deciduous-leaved large shrub, or a tree 50-60 ft.; young spinous. Leaves 8-5 Ppr base rarely acute, glabrous above, glabrous and glaucous beneath, or finely pubescer, : petiole 1-1 in. Bracts small, obtuse, villous. Flowers in clusters of about 4 = diam., both axillary and in long spikes, pubescent or glabrous, of which the males very slender. Calyx 3 in. diam., tube pubescent, lobes usually glabrous. D k male pulvinate, of fem. enclosing the young ovary. Fruit size of a pea, purple-b "i me cocci dehiscing.—Mueller wakes three varieties, of which the third is the most fi tinct. I add a fourth. Of Wallich's B. amæna I have seen no specimens ; Bail i took it up from a plant so named on Wallich's authority in Gaudichaud's herbarm s and presumably procured in Calcutta; he says it is very near B. retusa, and Mote who, I assume, examined it, united it with that plant. Kurz’s amena 18 © manica. B. RETUSA PROPER ; spikes sometimes a foot long, slightly pubescent. Van. squamosa ; flowers axillary or in short tomentose spikes. leaves Var. Roxburghiana; branchlets and leaves beneath densely tomentose, 73 4; smaller oblong tip rounded pale when dry. B. crenulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. m. 4 fall. Cat. 7880. — Chiefly in the Deccan Peninsula. so glabrous Var. glauca; quite glabrous, leaves as in var, Rowburghiana, but quite € a and very glaucous beneath,— Deccan Peninsula. 2. B. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 279 ; branchlets glabrous or pubescens leaves large coriaceous elliptic-oblong or obovate tip acute obtuse or Tour tl reticulate above puberulous beneath, nerves 12-14 pair strong s A arched with strong cross-nervules, flowers monecious P minute 1n ls of axillary clusters sessile glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, peta t male orbicular irregularly lobed, of fem. oblong, fruit ellipsoid acute & A975 ends seated on the unaltered calyx. Mueller Arg. in DC. Prodr. XV. * Bridelia. ] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 269 Beddome Forest. Man. 201. B. retusa, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 584. Cluytia retusa, Moon Cat. 71. CEYLON ; common up to 2000 ft., Thwaites. Branches stout. Leaves 5-10 by 2-4 in., not glaucous beneath ; petiole }—} in., stout. Bracts and flowers as in B. retusa, from which it differs in the fewer arched nerves, moncecious smaller flowers and ellipsoid fruit acute at both ends. 3. B. montana, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 978; nearly glabrous, leaves mem- branous obovate-oblong or broadly obovate obtuse acute or abruptly mu- cronate shining above, nerves 8-15 pair slightly arched, flowers moncecious 1n small dense axillary clusters sessile or shortly pedicelled glabrous, calyx- lobes triangular-ovate, petals broadly ovate entire, fruit globose seated on the unaltered calyx. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 500; Roxb. Fl. Ind. m. 735; Wall. Cat. 7879 (in part); Beddome Foresters Man. 202; Brand. For. Fl. 450; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 357. Cluytia montana, Rozb. Cor. Pl. ii. 38, t. 171. Along the foot-hills of the HIMALAYA, ascending to 3000 ft. and to 6000 ft. in Sikkim, from the Panjab to Bhotan. KmnasiA Mr's., alt. 2-4000 ft. BEHAR, on Parusnath, J. D. H. CoROMANDEL (Roxburgh). A low tree; trunk short; branchlets often pustulate. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., usually broadly obovate, rarely elliptic and acute, shining above, paler beneath, margin undulate, base almost always acute; nerves and cross-nervules rather strong; petiole 3-4 in. Bracts many, very short, pubescent. Calyx 1—] in. diam. Ovary enclosed in the disk ; styles 2, 2-fid. Fruit the size of a pea.— There are two forms, one with leaves very shining above and narrowed base, nerves 8-12 pair slender; the other has eaves more like retusa, more oblong, nerves 10-15 pair stronger. 4. B. burmanica, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves membranous broadly elliptic or obovate-oblong obtuse margins undulate ase obtuse or rounded shining and finely reticulate above paler beneath, nerves 12-20 pair slender nearly straight, flowers monccious in small axillary clusters shortly pedicelled glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals of male obovate retuse, of fem. larger oblong, fruit globose, B. eg Kurz For. Fl. ii. 368 (not of Wallich). Cluytia, Wall. Cat. í . BURMA (Hort. Bot. Calc.), Wallich; Ava, Kurz. . Branches smooth. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., hardly glaucous beneath ; petiole very short, i in, glabrous. Bracts short, membranous. Calyx à in. diam. Fruit not Seen — "his is the plant referred by Kurz to Wallich's B. amena (see under B. retusa) ; he describes the male fl. as greenish, the fem. crimson, the petals rosy, and fruit globose as large as a pea, sappy, purplish black. 5. B. assamica, Hook. f.; branches sparsely tomentose, leaves large membranous oblong obovate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate finely reticulate and glabrous except the midrib above, minutely puberulous beneath, nerves .9-20 pairs slightly arched and cross-nervules slender, flowers moncecious m minute axillary clusters sessile pubescent or glabrate, calyx-lobes ovate- anceolate, petals of male rounded crenate of fem. larger elliptic entire, fruit void acuminate seated on the unaltered calyx. B. chartacea, Kurz in Herb. Caleutt. (not of Wallich). Cleistanthus oblongifolius, Muell. Arg. n DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 506 (Griffith’s plant only). i „ ASSAM, Griffith, Masters ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4890) ; Nowgong, ‘mons, SILHET . Branches Agen ie pale, sparsely tomentose. Leaves 6-12 by 3-4 in., green on both surfaces, paler beneath, beautifully reticulated ; hairs beneath micro- Scopic, base subacute or rounded, margin subundulate; petiole j in.; stipules on 270 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Bridelia. terminal buds only, subulate. Clusters of flowers $ in. diam. ; bracts minute, densely imbricate, pubescent, shorter than the flowers. Perianth in. diam., lobes subacute. Disk of male flat, of fem. flat raised in the middle into a truncate cone embracing the ovary. Styles 2, 2-fid. Fruit nearly 1 in. long, smooth, pericarp thin. ** Nerves 5-12 pair, rarely more, more or less arched, rarely straight. + Leaves more or less pubescent or tomentose beneath. 6. B. stipularis, Blume Bijd. 597; subscandent, shoots pubescent or tomentose, leaves subcoriaceous elliptic obovate or orbicular-oblong obtuse or acute base rounded or cordate shortly tomentose beneath, nerves 6-9 pair spreading slender slightly arched, flowers monacious in small axillary clusters or long spikes often subtended by long stipular bracts males sessile fem. pedicelled pubescent or glabrate, petals orbicular, fruit oblong seated on the enlarged calyx. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv ii. 499; Brand. For. FI. ii. 449; Kurz For. Fl. ti. 369; Beddome Foresters Man. 201; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 364, and Suppl. 445. B. scandens, Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 979; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 736; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 184; Dalz. 4 Gib. Bomb. Fl. 233; Wall. Cat. 7878 (excl. E). B.retusa, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 27, t. 7, f. 99. B. Zollingeri, Miquel l. c. 364. Cluytia scandens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 39, t. 173. O. stipularis, Linn. Mant. 127. Zizyphus racemosus, Wall. Cat. 7878 D.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 16. Throughout the hotter parts of Inp14, along the foot-hills of the Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhotan, and southward to Travancor, Malacca and Penang. CEYLON; below Alagale, Ferguson.—Di1sTRIB. Malay Islands, Philippines, Tropical Africa. A large more or less scandent evergreen shrub, branches straight or flexuous, usually fulvous-tomentose. Leaves 2-8 by 4-95 in., margins sometimes undulate oF repand, glabrous or puberulous above, rarely acuminate; petiole j-j in. stout, tomentose. Clusters of flowers green in often very long and panicled spikes ; bracts tomentose ; the stipular leaves are ovate-lanceolate, sometimes much longer than the flowers. Calyx 3 in. diam.; lobes lanceolate, acuminate. Petals alike in both sexes. Disk of male pulvinate, of fem. urceolate, with a ring of bristles at the base within. Styles with long slender arms. Fruit nearly } in. long, obtuse, bluish-black, smooth; calyx } in. diam.—I find no specimens of Wallich's Q from Nepal in bis herbarium. The only Ceylon specimen that I have seen has very small flowers, it is not in fruit. Maingay describes the albumen of the immature fruit as fleshy, a” adds that in the mature it probably becomes absorbed; the calyx as olive-yellow spotted with red. Wallich’s n. 7878 E, from Herb. Madras, is a different specie; wbic I fail to identify in its imperfect state. 7. B. pubescens, Kurz For. FL ii. 367; an erect tree, branchlets and leaves beneath tawny pubescent, leaves membranous elliptic-obovate or -oblong acute or acuminate base acute or rounded, nerves 10-12 pair arche slender, flowers moncecious in small axillary and spicate clusters sessile al shortly pedicelled pubescent, calyx-lobes lanceolate, petals of male broa y flabelliform 3-lobed, of fem. obovate fleshy, fruit oblong obtuse seated oD the unaltered calyx. Cleistanthus oblongifolius, var. a scaber, Muell. A'I: in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 506 (the Sikkim plant). TROPICAL EASTERN NEPAL and SIKKIM ; in hot valleys from the Terai to alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H., &c. PrGu; on the Eastern slopes, Kurz. An evergreen tree, 20-50 ft. Leaves 3-8 by 4-44 in., midrib and nerves post | slender ; petiole } in., slender. Clusters of ‘flowers + in. diam. ; bracts short; flowe white with a deep yellow disk. Calyx } in. diam. Disk of male pulvinate, of fem. codon! enclosing the ovary, mouth laciniate. Fruit i-i in. long, blue-black, AP!“ culate. Bridelia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 271 8. B. tomentosa, Blume Bijd. 597 ; branches slender rusty-pubescent or glabrate, leaves small thin lanceolate or linear-lanceolate acute or obtuse beneath glaucous and finely pubescent, nerves 7-12 pairs nearly straight, flowers moncecious in very small axillary and spicate clusters sessile or fem. stoutly pedicelled glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate, petals of male retuse, of fem. ‘rounded or crenate, fruit small globose seated on the unaltered calyx. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 501; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 367; Gamble Man. Ind. Limb. 357 ; Wall. Cat. 7874; Miquel; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 364, and Suppl. 445 ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 309, and Fl. Austral. vi. 120. B. Loureirii, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 211 (excl. syn. Lour.). B. rhamnoides, Griff. Notul. iv. 480. P B. lanceefolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 737. B. lancifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7884. Amanoa tomentosa, Baill. Adans. vi. 336.— Wall. Cat. 7944. TROPICAL Sikkim HIMALAYA, J. D. H.; Assam, KHastA Mrs., SILHET, and southwards to the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, PERAK, PENANG and MaALACCA.—DISTR1B. Malay Islands, China, Philippines, N. Australia. ‘A shrub or small evergreen tree, Leaves 1-3 rarely 4 in., undulate, above glabrous or obscurely pubescent, sometimes reddish-glaucous beneath and soon gla- brous ; petiole 3-1 in. Clusters of 5—6-fid flowers very small in very slender leafy or leafless spikes; bracts minute, villous, stipular if present subulate. Calya jj— in. diam. ; lobes acute, bearded below the tip within, Petals variable. Disk of male pulvinate, of fem. short annular. Styles 2,5-fid to the middle, short, arms recurved. Disk witha conical centre embracing the ovary. Fruit $—j in. diam., blue-black.— Mueller has a var. £richadenia from the Australian plant, with the fem. disk hairy within; Bentham does not notice this character. According to Roxburgh this species is dicecious; Clarke says monecious. 9. B. pustulata, Hook. f. ; branches very stout pustulate, leaves thinly Coriaceous elliptic or oblong acute glabrous above sparsely pubescent beneath base usually rounded or cordate, nerves 6-9 pair strong with strong rather distant cross-nervules, flowers very many in dense globose axillary clusters monoecious glabrous, calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, petals of fem very minute, fruit globose stipitate on the unaltered calyx. MALACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib, 4883) and Maingay (1371). PERAK ; at Goping, ing’s Collector. . Branches woody, bark brown. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4} in., rather abruptly acute or acuminate, dark brown on both surfaces, more sooty beneath when dry, base rarely acute ; petiole 4-2 in., shrivelled, glabrous, black. Clusters j in. diam. ; bracts Minute, rather scarious, short, obtuse or truncate, brown, sparingly hairy. Calyx 15 in. diam., rigid, not much exceeding the bracts. Ovary ovoid ; styles 2, forked at the tip.—I tind no male fl. Maingay describes these as having scale-like emarginate petals, a disk lining the calys-tube, and a conical pistillode. 10. B. dasycalyx, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 369; branches rusty-tomer leaves obovate or oblong subacute or acuminate pubescent beneath, base obtuse or rounded, nerves 6-10 pair, eross-nervules strong, petiole stout, Owers minute numerous in globose axillary clusters, calyx ot fem. tomentose unaltered in fruit glabrous within, disk with a ring of bristles round the ase of the ovary, petals linear-obovate, fruit ellipsoid. Prev and Burma ; in dry forests, Kurz. ve rather thin i Branches rather stout, and leaves above dark when dry. Leaves rather thin in dasycalyx proper, 5~7 in. long, acuminate, contracted at the rounded base and rather glaucous beneath; in var aridicola, Kurz, 3—4 in. long, oblong, obtuse or subacute, i . H . 0l j "n eZ »- thicker ; nerves nearly straight ; petiole 45-3 3n. Fruit 3-3 me long. Kurz e Scribes dasycalyx proper as a climber, and yar. aridicola as more or less erect, tt Leaves glabrous. ll. B. Hamiltoniana, Wall. Cat. 7882; nearly glabrous, leaves VOL. v. T itose, 272 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) (Bridelia. coriaceous small rhombic-obovate or -oblong or lanceolate obtuse repand or repandly toothed glabrous or obscurely pubescent beneath, nerves 6-9 ` pair nearly straight, flowers in minute axillary and spicate clusters glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals of male rounded angled, of fem. ovate, fruit subglobose seated on the unaltered calyx. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 77, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 500; Beddome Forester’ s Man. 202. BERAR, at Monghir, Wallich; Kymaor Hills, J. D. H. The Concan GHATS, Law, Stocks, &c. A straggling shrub. Leaves 1}-2} in., finely reticulated on both surfaces, pale yellowish when dry, base cuneate, tip often suddenly narrowed into an obtuse point ; nerves distant, strong; petiole } in. Clusters of flowers }—} in. diam. ; bracts minute, villous except the stipular. Calyx jin. diam. Fruit $ in. diam. 12. B. Kurzii, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves 4—5 in. oblong obtuse base rounded glabrous and glaucous beneath, nerves 10-12 pair slender nearly straight, fem. fl. minute sessile, calyx not accrescent, petals obovate, fruit small globose. NrcoBAR IsrAND8 ; Kamorta, Kurz. Branches rather slender, black when dry. Leaves rather thin, blackish brown above when dry, margin obscurely sinuate, cross-nervules slender; petiole j m- Calyx of fruit 4 in. diam. ; lobes triangular, acute. Fruit ]-À in. diam.—I am m- debted to Dr. King for a specimen of this very distinct species, which is named B. glauca, Blume, by Kurz ; but that species is described as having rusty-pubescent branches and elliptic-lanceolate acuminate leaves with pubescent nerves beneath. 13. B. penangiana, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches slender pus- tular, leaves membranous broadly elliptic abruptly acuminate reticulate pale beneath, nerves 6-9 pair slender spreading arched, petiole slender, flowers minute in small axillary clusters sessile and pedicelled moncecious pubescent, calyx-lcbes ovate, petals broad crenate or lobulate, disk of male fl. saucer-shaped, of fem. annular, fruit small ellipsoid apiculate. PENANG; on Government Hill, Curtis. Branches pale. Leaves 3-5 by 13-23 in., green above when dry, prominently but not closely reticulate, pubescent on the midrib beneath; petiole 1-}in. Clusters @ Jlowers 4-4 in. diam. ; bracts very small, ovate, subacute, pubescent ; male fl. first appearing, pedicelled. Calyx 5 in. diam., densely pubescent. Petals scale-like, variable. Pistillode notched at the tip. Styles 2, 2-fid. Fruit X in. long.—Leaves a good deal like B. burmanica, but with much fewer nerves. 14. B. Griffithii, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, scandent, leaves 3-4 1n. elliptic-oblong acuminate base rounded brown when dry minutely puberu- lous beneath, nerves 5-7 pair arched, transverse veins faint, bracts minute tomentose, fem. flowers in small globose axillary clusters sessile, calyx-lobes ovate acuminate glabrous tube villous, petals minute entire, ovary 0VOlC» styles 2—4 clavellate, fruit globose seated on the unaltered calyx. B. ovata, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 368 (not of Dene.). SOUTH ANDAMANS, Kurz; Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4883). A scandent shrub with long brachiate branches (Griffith), branchlets puberulous. Leaves 1-2 in. broad, thinly coriaceous, dark brown when dry, rather shining above, opaque beneath, nerves very slender, cross-nervules faint; petiole 4—} in. Clusters, of flowers 1—À in. diam. ; bracts mere rings round the bases of the flowers. Calyx 9 fem. Lin. diam. Petals elliptic. Disk conical with a torn mouth. Styles quite free. —This, which is referred by Kurz to Decaisne’s Timor B. ‘ovata, differs entirely from that plant in the few nerves of the leaf. Bridelia. ] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 273 15. B. minutiflora, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, branches pustulate, leaves membranous 2-3 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong acuminate base acute, nerves 7-9 pair very slender arched, petiole slender, flowers monecious in small dense axillary and spicate heads very minute pubescent, calyx-lobes ovate obtuse, petals oblong entire, disk of fem. depressed, ovary rhombie with one long bifid style, fruit ellipsoid seated on the unaltered calyx, TRENASSERIM, at Mergui, Griffiih.—DisTRIB. Celebes, Riedel; Borneo (Beccari No. 2837, Motley, Barber). Branches divaricate, bark pale, flowering shoots black when dry, quite smooth. Leaves brown when dry, paler beneath, cross-nervules very faint; petiole i in. Clusters of flowers 4 in. diam. ; bracts minute, villous. Calyr jg in. diam., finely tomentose. Disk of fem. flower pulvinate. Ovary quite included in the disk, nar- rowed suddenly into the very stout style which is bifid for half-way, stigmas capitellate. Fruit (in Bornean specimens) $ in. long, apiculate.—A very remarkable species on account of the solitary style. The specimens were mixed with those of B. Maingayi under Griffith No. 867, the leaves being similar in colour and form. The male fl. are too young for description. The fruit is described from Bornean specimens, in Which the leaves are sometimes rounded at the base with 12 pairs of nerves. SPECIES OF WHICH THE MALE FLOWERS ALONE ARE KNOWN. (Possibly Cleistantht.) 16. B. rufa, Hook. f.; branches rather stout densely rusty-tomentose or villous, leaves 5-7 in. oblong or obovate-oblong cuspidately acuminate base rounded rusty-pubescent beneath, nerves 6-10 pair strong arched, cross- hervules numerous straight, petiole short stout, male fl. sessile in dense small globose axillary heads of bracts, calyx glabrous lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals obcuneate or quadrate crenate. P ENANG, King’s Collector. A shrub, 8-12 ft. Leaves thin but hardly membranous, dull green and oprque above, young floccosely rusty tomentose above; petiole 4^, in. . 17. B. cinnamomea, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath Cinnamomeously tomentose, leaves 2-6 in. elliptic-oblong or lanceolate Cuspidate or caudate-acuminate base acute or cuneate, nerves 5-7 pair rather strong beneath. cross-nervules numerous slender, male fl. small Sessile and pedicelled in axillary clusters or on short lateral branchlets, thee quite glabrous lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, petals obovate, disk ck. PERAK, Scortechini; Kinla, King’s Collector. A thorny shrubby creeper, 10-15 ft. ; branches woody, bark pale. Leaves mem- branous or thinly coriaceous; petiole 2—] in., rather slender. Bracts woolly ; calyx Tz in. diam., pedicel sometimes as long as the calyx; disk very broad, margin sub- entire ; pistillode glabrous.—Near B. rufa, but leaves membranous cuspidate or acuminate with the base acute, and nerves hardly arched. There are very small thorns on the larger branches. 18. B. Curtisii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. oblong Tounded at both ends glaucous beneath, nerves 6-10 pair very slender, male Owers minute sessile in small axillary clusters, bracts very small ciliolate, calyx glabrous lobes triangular-ovate, petals spathulate notched or emar- mate, pistillode glabrous. PENANG ; at Tulloh Babang, Curtis. " Branches rigid, divaricate, slender, blackish when dry. Leaves rigid, grey-brown yaen dry; cross-nervules beneath reticulate more or less; petiole $ in., slender. Male f, xg in. diam, 12 274 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Bridelia. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. M B. ALNIFOLIA, Griff. Notul. iv. 481; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 502 ; branches rusty pubescent, leaves oblong obovate obtuse base subcordate pubescent, flowers monccious in the same clusters, calyx green with blood-red spots, petals repand-sinuate.—Tenasserim, at Mergui, in wet places, Griffith.—Possibly B. stipularis (which the spotted flowers resemble), but Griffith does not say whether the calyx of alnifolia is glabrous or pubescent. B. OVATA, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 484; shoots and all parts glabrous, leaves petioled coriaceous oblong or elliptic-oblong obtuse mucronate or apiculate base acute or obtuse pale beneath, nerves 10-20 pairs, flowers minute in dense axillary clusters glabrous, males shortly pedicelled, fem. sessile, disk cup-shaped, fruit globose seated on the unaltered calyx. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 364. B. ovata, B. acutifolia, and ~y. genuina, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 495.—Burma, at Melloon, Wallich. Malacca, Herb. DC. Tenasserim and Andaman Islands, Helfer (No 4884), all accord- ing to Mueller. —I fail to identify this amongst Helfer's or Wallich's plants. Kurz's B. ovata is a different plant (B. Grifithii, p. 272). Dr. King has sent me a speci- men of B. ovata, Dcne., procured by Kurz from the Bintenzorg Botanical Gardens, which agrees with the above description, except in having only 6-9 pair of nerves. Dr. King further informs me that there is no Andaman specimen of it in the Calcutta herbarium, where Kurz has given that name (B. ovata, Dene.) to Griffith’s and Maingay’s specimens of B. pustulata. B. SINICA, Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pi.179, described as capsular, is probably Cleis- tanthus malabaricus. B. URTICOIDES, Griff. Notul. iv. 481; Muell. Arg. 1l. c.; branches warted, leaves lanceolate acuminate subentire dark green and shining above subglaucous and very shortly pubescent beneath, stipules linear membranous brown caducous, clasters axil- lary, or inflorescence naked, flowers numerous minute moncecious in the same cluster odour of Heliotrope, calyx pubescent outside, petals ovate entire or toothed.—Tenas- serim; shores of Madama Island, Grigfith_—Probably B. tomentosa. 5. CLEISTANTHUS, Hook.f. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, quite entire. Flowers small or minute, in axillary clusters and spikes, moncecious, sessile or the females pedicelled. Calyx 5(4-6)-cleft; lobes valvate. Petals as many: minute. Disk of the male flat or pulvinate; of the female conical or tur- binate, more or less enclosing the young ovary. Stamens 5, filaments united in a column in the centre of the disk, and bearing a pyramidal or 3-lobed pistillode, free above and spreading; anther-cells parallel. Ovary 3-celled, usually clothed with long hairs; styles 3, free, bifid; ovules 2 1n each cell. Capsule sessile or stipitate, subglobose or depressed, of 3 2 valved cocci. Seeds without aril or caruncle; albumen copious or scanty; cotyledons thin or fleshy, often folded.— Species about 30, Tropical India, Malayan and African. * Ovary quite glabrous. 1. C. collinus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 268; leaves coriaceous orbicular broadly obovate or elliptic tip rounded or retuse glaucous beneath, nerves 5-8 pair spreading very slender, flowers in small axillary and shortly spicate clusters silkily villous, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals narrow) ovary glabrous, styles free clavellate, capsule large obscurely Sore. Bridelia collina, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 211; Wall. Cat. er Amanoa collina, Baill, Ktudes Gen. Euphorb. 582; Thwaites Enum. qe Lebidieropsis collina, Muell. Arg. in Linnaa xxxii. 80. L. orbicularis, Cleistanthus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 215 Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xy. ii. 509; Brand. For. Fl. 450; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 358 ; Beddome Forester’s Man. 203, t. 23, fig. 5. Cluytia collina, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 37, t. 169, and Fl. Ind. iii. 732; Wall. Cat. 7890. C. retusa & patula, Herb. Wight. Andrachne orbiculata, Roth Nov. Sp. 364. A. Cadishan, Roxb. mss. Emblica Palasis, Herb. Ham. Dry hills in various parts of INDIA from Sra to BEHAR, and southward to Central India, and the DECCAN PENINSULA. CEYLON; at Colonna Corle, rare, Thwaites. A small tree with very hard wood and spreading rigid twiggy smooth or pustulate branches. Leaves 134-4 by 1}-3 in., pale when dry, loosely reticulate, young mem- branous and faintly pubescent beneath, old hard, base rounded or cordate; petiole $ in., slender. Clusters 3-6-fld.; bracts minute, villous. Calyx } in. diam. Petals fleshy, always narrow, incurved. Disk of male pulvinate, of fem. conical with a thick margin, Ovary globose; styles thick, quite free; stigmas fleshy, lobed. Cap- sule $ in. diam., sessile, woody, rounded-3-gonous, top not lobed, dark brown shining and wrinkled when dry. Seeds i in. diam., globose, chestnut-brown; albumen scanty.—The genus Lebidieropsis should probably be restored ; the globose seeds differ wholly from those of any other Cleistanthus. The fruit in Roxburgh’s figure 18 much too oblong. 2. ©. chartaceus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 507 ; shoots and flowering branches rusty-tomentose, leaves 5-8 in. coriaceous elliptic- lanceolate obtusely acuminate subsilvery beneath base acute, nerves 8-10 pair slender, flowers few in small axillary and short spicate clusters sessile glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate acute, petals cuneate lobed, ovary glabrous, capsule stipitate. : C. oblongifolius, Brand. For. Fl. 451; Muell. Arg. l. c. (in part), Amanoa chartacea, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 582. Bridelia chartacea, Wall. Cat. 7881. B. oblongifolia, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. Cluytia oblongifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 730 ; Wall. Cat. 7887. SILHET, Roxburgh, Griffith, &c. ? Andaman Islands, Kurz.—DISTRIB. ? Java. A small spreading tree, branches pale, glabrous except the shoots. Leaves 13-3 in. road, reticulated above by the cross-nervules, beneath appressedly hairy, at length glabrous, base narrowed into a short stout petiole 1-3 in. long. Clusters 3-6 fid., often in short decurved stout rusty-tomentose spikes; bracts short, obtuse, rusty Villous, Calyx 4, in. diam. Capsule 4 in. long and broad, stipitate, woody, laterally 3-lobed, lobes somewhat compressed; stipes d in. long, clothed with the isk, expanding under the cocci into the woody acutely 5-angled base of the colume a è in. diam, Seeds oblong, 3-gonous, faces undulate.—The Javan and the Andaman sland specimens resemble the Indian in foliage, but want flower and fruit. 3. C. stenophyllus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 370; quite glabrous, leaves chartaceous 3-4 n. Iiear-lanceolate long and thinly acuminate paler beneath, ase acute, petiole 4 in., lowers minute few sessile in small axillary clusters, bracts ciliate, calyx slightly appressed hairy, ovary sessile glabrous. TENASSERIM or ANDAMAN ISLANDS (Kurz). . . know of this only by the above deleription taken from Kurz. It is probably, a Plant of Helfer’s, whose Andaman and Tenasserim collections were not separated ; but for the hirsute ovary I should have referred my C. lanceolatus to this. 4. C. myrianthus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 370; branches stout and leaves beneath finely falvoue tomentose leaves 6-9 in. coriaceous narrowly linear- anceolate acuminate base acute, nerves 16-20 pairs arched, flowers many m dense axillary clusters glabrous sessile, calyx-lobes ovate acuto, Pora 8 broadly flabellate crenate, ovary glabrous, capsule stipitate. Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 357, Matay PENINSULA; from Pegu to Tenasserim and the Andamans, frequent Kurz.—Disrzip. Java, Borneo, Philippines. 276 CXXXV. EUPHORBIAORZ, (J. D. Hooker.) [Cleistanthus. An evergreen tree, 40-50 ft. Leaves sometimes 1 ft. long, 14-24 in. broad, smooth and shining above, cross-venules faint; petiole 4-} in., stout. Clusters 4-3 in. diam.; bracts obtuse, short, densely villous. Calyx $ in. diam. Petals fan-shaped, broader than long, with flabellate nerves, Disk of fem. membranous, at length 5-lobed. Ovary globose; styles very short. Capsule immature, distinctly stipitate.— In the Malay Island this species varies greatly in the form of the leaves and in the amount of pubescence beneath. ** Ovary villous, hirsute, or clothed with rigid hairs. T Flowers glabrous (except fem. of C. membranaceus). 5. C. malabaricus, Muell. Avg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 508; branch- lets densely villous, leaves oblanceolate acuminate or caudate glaucous and sparsely villous beneath, nerves 8-10 pair arched, stipules long setaceous- lanceolate, flowers few in axillary clusters subsessile glabrous, calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, petals obovate-spathulate, ovary hirsute with erect stiff hairs, capsule sparsely hairy. Beddome Forester's Man. 203. Lebi- diera malabarica, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 81. "The CoNcAN ; on the banks of the Shirawah, Law, Stocks, &c. Branches slender. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1} in., very pale when dry, whitish beneath, sparsely hairy above, base acute; petiole } in., tomentose. Calyx of fem. ẹ iu. diam., very shortly pedicelled. Disk lobed. Capsule l iu. diam., sessile, deeply 3-lobed at the top and sides, sparsely hairy. Seeds oblong, 3-gonous, rugose.— Closely allied to C. Maíngayi, but the flowers are quite glabrous. 6. C. acuminatus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 508; quite glabrous, leaves membranous ovate or elliptic long-caudate acuminate reticulate, nerves 5-10 pair very slender arched, flowers in very 8m axillary clusters glabrous, calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, petals obovate crenate or lobed, ovary hirsute with erect hairs, capsule small sessile glabrous. Amanoa acuminata, Beddome Forester’s Man. iv. 203; Thwartes Enum, Addend. 428. CEYLON; Colombo and the Galle district, Walker, Thwaites. . à Branches very slender. Leaves 3-5 by 1-24 in., pale green, very thin an undulate when dry, shining on both surfaces, base rounded or acute; petiole Very short, 4-3 in. Clusters } in. diam.; bracts minute, puberulous. Calyx jg-:5 ! diam. Petals variable. Disk of male lining the calyx-tube, of fem. urceolate. Ovary globose; styles 3, slender, bifid, stigmas small. Capsule } in. broad, not 8° long, deeply 3-lobed at top and sides, crustaceous. Seeds unripe.— Perhaps a variety of C. patulus. 7. C. heterophyllus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves coriaceous of two forms, larger on the branches 4-6 in. elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, nerves 4-5 pair slender, smaller on the spikes ii 1D. lanceolate, flowers minute in very small clusters in very slender axillary and terminal panicled flexuous rigid spikes glabrous sessile, calyx-lobes meis ovate. of fem. obtuse, petals narrow, ovary hirsute with long €T airs. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1372). h on Branches rather slender, quite smooth. Leaves greyish green when dry, smoot a both surfaces, base acute, reticulations faint; petiole } in. Clusters 45-5 1" | "o in spikes 4-8 in. long, with or without a small leaf at their base; bracts m1nUv? ovate, acute, slightly hairy. Ca/yx about =}; in, diam, Petals narrow but ening upwards, truncate or retuse. Disk of male pulvinate, of fém. urceolate. Pisti 8-toothed. Styles 3, 2-fid. ' l ect Cleistanthus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 277 8. C. levis, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous ovate or ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate base acute or rounded faintly reticulate beneath, nerves 6-10 pair very slender, flowers solitary or few together axillary or in slender axillary spikes quite glabrous, calyx-lobes ovate-lan- ceolate, petals obovate truncately retuse, disk of male cupular lining the calyx-tube, fruit (young) sessile hairy. SINGAPORE; jungle behind the Botanical Gardens, Murton. A small tree, 15-20 ft. ; branches smooth, woody, but slender, terete. Leaves 1i-23 in. diam., pale grey above when dry, pale brown beneath, quite smooth ; petio.e $-1 in. Flowers very few seen ; bracts very small, ovate or rounded, slightly ciliate. Ca/yz of male iin. diam. Disk with a raised obscurely crenate border. Slaminal column slender; pistillode short, stout, cylindric, truncate. Young fruit deeply 3-lobed at the top, sparsely hairy.— Better specimens of this very distinct Species are much wanted. 9. C. malaccensis, Hook. f; quite glabrous except the flowering shoots, leaves 3-6 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong or lanceolate obtusely sub- caudate acuminate, base acute, nerves 4-6 pair slender, flowers minute in small villous axillary and paniculately spiked clusters glabrous, calyx-lobes of male ovate of fem. lanceolate, petals of male spathulate of fem. rounded, Ovary with a few long erect caducous hairs, styles simple. Maracoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1373). Habit of C. chartaceus; branches stout; bark pale. Leaves dark brown when dry, paler beneath, very smooth on both surfaces, cross-nervules very faint, base suddenly narrowed and shortly produced on the very short petiole, Clusters 1-3 in. diam. ; spikes stout, often recurved, forming terminal panicles a foot long and less with 2 leaf here and there; bracts rusty-villous. Calyx 4*5 in. diam., fem, rather the largest, with much narrower apparently deciduous lobes (they easily break away from the flowers), Disk of male pulvinate, of fem. tubular. Filaments very short. — Pistillode conical. Ovary elongate ovoid; styles apparently not 2-fid. 10. C. lancifolius, Hook. f.; branches and leaves glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic-lanceolate very finely acuminate base acute, nerves 12-15 Pair very slender, fem. fl. solitary or few together axillary clothed at the ase with pubescent bracts, calyx glabrous lobes lanceolate acuminate, petals spathulate entire claw rather long, ovary hirsute. TENASSERJM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. A875). , Branches slender, terete; tips pubescent. ^ i an thinly corinceons, nerves slender, tapering point nearly lin. long; petiole j in. Flowers (unexpanded) 2 in. long. Petals nearly half as long as the calyx. Ovary subglobose, enclosed in the disk; styles 2-lobed at the tip.— Can this be Kurz's C. slenophyilus? if so, the ovary of that plant is erroneously described as glabrous. ll. C. gracilis, Hook. f; quite glabrous, branches very slender, leaves 13-2 in. elliptic-ovate obtusely caudate base acute, nerves o-/ pair very faint, flowers few in axillary clusters and spikes glabrous, calyx-lobes anceolate, petals of male very minute linear of fem. elliptic, ovary hirsute enclosed in the membranous elongate 5-partite disk, capsule sessile quite glabrous, PERAK, Scortechi i. > King’s Collector. . . A much-branched tree 8 25 fi ; branchlets divaricate, ultimate almost filiform. €aves rather coriaceous, pale when dry, sometimes a little glaucous beneath, nerves very obscure ; petiole 2 in., very slender; stipules short ovate. Flowers +5 in. diam., male and fem. together ; bracts minute, ciliate. Pistiliode tomentose. Disk-lobes of fem, with trancate tips, together forming a membranous cone. Capsule about in. long.—A very distinct species, allied to C. heterophyllus and patulus. Leaves spreading, 2-1] in. diam., 278 Cxxxv. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cleistantlws. . C. decurrens, Hook. f.: glabrous except the tomentose flowering branchlets and bracts, " leaves Ax Sin. rather thin elliptic-oblong-obova® obtuse or obtusely acuminate quite glabrous base decurrent on 4 e peti Pa nerves 5-7 pair very slender, flowers few sessile in axillary clus ers us short lateral naked or small-leaved branchlets, fem. calyx quite g hirsute lobes lanceolate, disk very short shortly lobed, petals elliptic, ovary with erect hairs. AK, Scortechini ; Goping, King’s Collector. ` A email tree, 10-12 ft. (at. Goping), branches rather slender, pale, PAN branchlets rusty-tomentose. Leaves variable in size and shape, sometime ed os broad, greenish above, reddish beneath, base always very acute and narrow ^ on the decurrent on the petiole which is 4—4 in.; stipules minute; sma ue ts 1-9 in. flowering branchlets obtuse or acute, pubescent beneath. Flowering brane e : 3 Calya spreading and decurved ; bracts rusty woolly almost concealing the flower . about 4; in. diam., fem. alone seen. Styles 3, shortly 2-fid. Fruit not seen. 19. C. macrophyllus, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 8-12 im thinly coriaceous oblong-ovate obtusely cuspidate base narrowed into. e al x petiole, fem. fl. sessile in axillary clusters, bracts very minute cilia e, 3 "T glabrous lobes ovate, petals subquadrate crenate, disk crenulate w erect truncate tube enclosing the strigosely hispid ovary. PERAK, Scortechini, iddle to Branches rather stout. Leaves 3-5 in. diam., narrowed from above the Tb ied the acuminate base, smooth and rather shining on both surfaces, midri at above; nerves 7-8 pair, arched, cross-nervules reticulate; petiole + In., rather "lo Flowers exserted, buds subglobose; calyx 4 in. diam., thickly coriaceous ; j^ Y = d broad, tubular sheath of ovary truncate, toothed, at length 5-clett. Styles 8, 2-fid, arms flabelliform. 14. ©. membranaceus, Hook. f.; branches slender flowering pabet cent, leaves 2-4 in. very membranous glabrous elliptic or oblong or o oi; lanceolate obtusely acuminate or caudate glaucous beneath, nerven essile pairs very slender, stipules long acicular persistent, flowers un 5 ma minute, calyx-lobes ovate male nearly glabrous fem. hirsute, capsule s sessile deeply 3-lobed hirsute. PERAK; Larut, King’s Collector. the base, A tree, 15-20 ft. Leaves very pale when dry, sometimes narrowed £o d s rigid, which is rounded or subacute, petiole ji, in., young tomentose; stipale at the sometimes j in. long. Calyx > in. diam., of fem. with a villous, Lu fem. à base of the capsule. Petals of male obcuneate, of fein. rhomboid. Disk o crenulate cup at the base of the ovary. Capsule } in. long; cocci oblong. tt Flowers more or less pubescent (see also C. membranaceus). . se 15. C. hirsutulus, Hook. f.; branches slender hirsutely tome with spreading hairs, leaves 4—7 in. membranous obovate-oblong os pair, caudate base rounded pubescent beneath and glaucous, nerves 11- villons flowers in axillary clusters subsessile minute, calyx of both sexe deeply lobes ovate, petals of male flabellate 2-partite crenate, capsule sessile 3-lobed pubescent. Perak, Scortechini, King’s Collector. tole very A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves greenish when dry, nerves strong beneath, petiole b of short, stout, and midrib beneath tomentose ; stipules in. Calyx yz "- sule $ in. fem. glabrous within under the capsule. Disk of male crenulate. Cap long, * waxy, red." — Allied to C. membranaceus, but a much larger species. Cleisanthus.] ^ cxxxv. mvPHoRBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 279 16. C. patulus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 505; glabrous, leaves 1-3 in. thinly coriaceous ovate to lanceolate obtusely acuminate or caudate finely reticulate base acute or rounded, nerves 5-8 pair very slender, clusters minute axillary and in slender axillary or terminal simple spikes, calyx sparsely appressedly hairy, lobes ovate acute, petals orbicular clawed crenulate, ovary hirsute with long erect hairs, capsule small sessile. Bed- dome Forester's Man. 203, t. xxiii. f. iv. l-lland91. Amanoa indica, Wight Ie. t. 1911. A. patula, Thwaites Enum. 280 (acuminata i» part), and A. indica f. minor, Thwaites l.c. 498. Bridelia patula, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 219. Lebidiera patula, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 21. Cluytia patula, Roxd. Cor. Pl. ii. 37, t. 170, and FI. Ind. iii. 783. , Deccan PENINSULA ; Courtallam, in mountain jungles, Wight, CEYLON; common in the warmer parts of the island. A tree with long horizontal dense branches; branchlets very slender, quite smooth, the tips Only sometimes puberulous. Leaves 2-34 in., variable in width, flatter, more rigid and usually narrower than in C. acuminatus, dull grey or brownish when dry, alike on both surfaces, the caudate end sometimes short and obtuse. Flowers yellow, as in C. acuminatus. Styles 2-fid to the middle. Capsule (in Peninsular *Pecimens) 2 in. broad and long, deeply 3-lobed, dark brown, quite smooth, slightly hairy, subtended by the disk. Seeds (in Ceylon specimens) j in. long, broadly qoid, plano-convex, smooth with rounded sides and top and a ventral hilum.— This should perhaps include C. acuminatus, whicb has axillary quite glabrous flowers. Mneller describes the capsule as at length rough with tubercles, but I do not find it so. The Peninsular specimens have less caudate leaves than the Cingalese. Rox- burgh figures the petals of the male as orbicular and crenate. 17. c. pallidus, Muell Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 508; branches slender and young leaves and petioles and midrib beneath pubescent, leaves small elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acute acuminate or caudate base acute, nerves 6-10 pairs spreading, flowers in small axillary clusters which are rarely spicate sessile and pedicelled tomentose, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals obovate, ovary densely villous, styles subentire, capsule small sessile. Beddome Forester’s ‘Man. 20. Amanoa pallida, Thwaites Enum. 280. Lebi- diera pallida, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 80. CEYLON ; near Kand , Thwaites. . d Branches very leafy” bark pale. Leaves 1-23 in. (rarely 5-6} in.), pale when Ty, rather membranous, midrib beneath strong, nerves slender, nervules reticulated ; petiole 25-2 in, ; stipules small, subulate. Clusters 2-5 fld. ; bracts very minute, except the stipular; flowers 5—6-merous. Calyx j in. diam., thickly tomentose externally. ¿sk of male cupular, erenate, of fem. membranous. Ovary globose ; styles very shortly wid. Fistillode large, 3-notehed. Capsule } in. diam., not deeply 3-lobed, sparsely TY. Seeds not ripe. Van, subglauca, "Trimen, Syst. Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 78 ; leaves subglaucous beneath. C. Subglaucus, Thw. mss, 1 18. c. robustus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 504; glabrous, faves 3-5 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong or lanceolate acuminate faintly reticulate base acute, nerves 5-6 pair very slender, stipules minute, flowers °w sessile in small axillary and spicate clusters sparsely pubescent with s minute oblong "PPressed hairs, cal x-lobes of male ovate-oblong, petal may. Beddome Forester's Man. 202. Amanoa indica, Thwaites Enum. rin 428 (excl. syn. Wight). EYLON, in the hotter parts of the island. . abit of ©, malaccanus ; branches and flowering spikes quite black when dry. ares dark brown, shining and faintly reticulate on both surfaces, young quite 230 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Cleistanthus. glabrous. Spikes axillary, more or less recurved, rather shorter than the leaves; clusters 2-3 fld.; bracts very short, nearly glabrous, large rounded concave, smaller oblong; flowers 4—5-merous. Calyx in. diam.; lobes obtuse. Disk cupular. Staminal column short with a large obtuse hairy pistillode. Fem. fl. and fruit wanting. 19. C. ferrugineus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 507; glabrous except the inflorescence, leaves 4—6 in. coriaceous elliptic or oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate base acute or obtuse, nerves 3-5 pair very strong beneath, flowers solitary or few in a cluster or axillary and in very short axillary spikes pedicelled rusty-tomentose, calyx-lobes oblong-ovate subacute, petae deeply irregularly acutely lobed, ovary densely tomentose, capsule shortly stipitate rnsty-tomentose. Beddome Foresters Man. 203. Amanoa fer- ruginea, Thwaites Enum. 280; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 50, t. 27, f. 1-4. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites. i Branches quite glabrous except the tips. Leaves greyish green when dry, pale beneath, lower nerves very long, cross-nervules faint; petiole 4-} in., glabrous. Flowers 2—5 in a cluster or solitary ; pedicels sometimes us long as the calyx; bracts very minute, rusty tomentose. Calyx +}; in. diam., lobes obtuse. Petals ied irregular. Staminal column short; pistillode prismatic with pubescent ang es, truncate. Disk of male pulvinate. Capsule 1 in. long, deeply 4-lobed ; pedicel stout. 20. C. nitidus, Hook. f.; branches and petioles finely tomentose, leaves membranovs glabrous oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate caudate acuminate margins undulate base rounded or caudate shiny above paler or glaucous beneath, nerves 8-12 pair very slender, flowers few in small axillary clusters sessile densely tomentose, calyx-lobes ovate acute, petals of male flabelliform crenate of fem. obovate, ovary densely hirsute with erect hairs, styles 3 slender bifid to the middle. MALAY PENINSULA ; Singapore, Lobb. PENANG, Curtis. nd Branches very slender. Leaves 3—4 by 1—13 in., greyish green when Ww r : polished above, faintly reticulated beneath ; petiole very short, +}; iu. Clusters 2e ad bracts very short, villous. Calyx of fem. cleft half-way down. Disk of malo ee plane, of fem. cupular at length 5-lobed. Ovary globose; styles 2-fid to the middle. The Singapore specimen is a female, the Penang a male. 21. C. Helferi, Hook. f.; branches and leaves beneath pi tomentose, leaves linear-oblong acute or subacute sparsely pubescent a re strongly reticulate beneath, nerves 6-10 pair spreading and arched, stip ary bracts setaceous longer or shorter than the flowers, flowers few in axi ui clusters tomentose sessile, calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, petals of vary broadly ovate sessile of female rhombic-ovate obscurely toothed, ov densely hispid with long stiff hairs. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4886); Mergui, Griffith. . le grey: Branches tulvous-tomentose, Leaves thinly coriaceous, 2-5 by 3-13 in., p CE and brown when dry, base subacute or rounded ; petiole j in., tomentose. Ma oth Jem. flowers similar, nearly } in. diam., glabrous within, fulvous-tomentose f Disk of male adnate to the perianth-tube, of the fem. erect, 5-lobed, thin. | portly column with a 3-lobed top. Styles 3, long, 2-fid. Capsule 1-3 in. long, sessile, * oblong, hairy. 22. ©. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches and young leaves softly rr tomentose, leaves pale elliptic- or obovate-oblong caudate-acummna’é e culate and finely pubescent beneath, nerves 6-8 pair arching, flower in axillary clusters sessile hirsute, calyx-lobes lanceolate finely ace styles peas obovate subentire, ovary densely hirsute with long erect hairs, Cleistanthus.]| CXXXV. guPHORBIAGEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 281 Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1374). Branches slender, smooth. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., glabrous above, subglaucous beneath, with raised reticulating venules between the nerves, tip often suddenly acuminate to a point } in. long, base rounded or subcordate; petiole very short indeed. Calyx about } in. diam., longer than the lanceolate bracts; lobes with long points. Disk of male lining the calyx-tube, of fem. membranous, urceolate. Staminal column long. Fruit not seen.— This much resembles C. malabaricus, differing in the tomentose flowers. 23. C. podocarpus, Hook. f.; a tree 50-70 ft., branchlets and petioles rusty-tomentose, leaves 5-10 in. subglaucous thinly coriaceous oblong or linear-oblong acuminate base cordate, midrib sunk above, nerves 8-10 pair very strong and arched beneath; petiole 3 in. stout, fem. calyx villously tomentose, lobes triangular, petals cuneate, disk with a broad membranous crenulate margin, capsule stoutly stipitate i-i in. diam. broader than long deeply 3-lobed densely rusty-villous. PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector. A very distinct species, with the base of the leaf cordate. SPECIES OF WHICH THE CAPSULE IS GLABROUS, BUT THE OVARY IS UNKNOWN. 24. C. stipulatus, HooL.f.; a tree 20-30 ft.; branchlets pubescent, leaves membranous 3-5 in. glabrous oblanceolate-oblong subcaudately acuminate glaucous beneath base rounded, midrib raised above, nerves 0-12 pair very slender, petiole 45; in., stipules rigid acicular }-} in, capsule $ in. diam. sessile subglobosely 3-lobed quite smooth glabrous. PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector. 25. C. ellipticus, Hook. f.; a tree 30-40 ft, shoots and young petioles rusty or black-tomentose, leaves 3—4 in. coriaceous glabrous elliptic obtusely or acutely acuminate base acute above fincly reticulate, midrib Strong beneath slender above, nerves 7-8 pairs sleuder arched, cross- Dérvules very slender, petiole 4-3 in. stout, fem. fl. sessile in rather large ufts of rusty-villous bracts, capsule stoutly stipitate j in. dium. subglobose deeply 3-lobed quite glabrous minutely wrinkled. Pruax ; usually near water at Larut, King's Collector. This resembles closely C. chartaceus, Muell. 26. €. parvifolius, Hook. f.; a small tree 30-40 ft., quite glabrous, branchlets short, leaves 2-3 in. rather membranous elliptic-lanceolate obtusely subacuminate pale when dry with undulate margins base rounded, midrib sunk above, nerves 10-12 very obscure widely spreading, fem. fl. sessile solitary ?, bracts very minute, calyx-lobes ovate lanceolate, capsule Sessile 1-2 in. diam. subglobose 3-lobed quite glabrous. P ERAK ; on the tops of limestone bills, alt. 300-1000 ft., King's Collector. 27. €. pedicellatus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 1}—4 in. coria- Ceous broadly elliptic or Petidobldug obtusely caudate base acute Shining above, nerves 3-4 pair very faint, flowers in axillary panicles on ong stout pedicels much longer than the calyx perfectly glabrous, calyx- Obes ovate, petals of male cuneate toothed, capsule quite glabrous. Penang, Curtis, Hullett, . Branches woody, bark pale, smooth. eaves very finely reticulate on both snr- aces, otherwise very smooth, margins recurved when dry, petiole {5-3 in. Pedicels i4 n., buds of male ellipsoid jin. long, bracts very minute glabrous; calyx j im 282 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cleistanthus. diam.; lobes 4-5, very thick; pistillode glabrous, Capsule about j in. long,on 4 stout pedicel 4-4 in. long. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND EXOLUDED SPECIES. C. OBLONGIFOLIUS, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 506, is a mixture. Of its two varieties, a, scaber consists of Bridelia pubescens, Kurz (the Sikkim plant), and B. assamica, H. f. (Griffith’s 4890). 8. genuina is Cleistanthus chartaceus, Muell. C. STIPULARIS, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 508 ; shoots pubescent, leaves ovate or ovate-oblong base obtuse or subcordate glabrous above grey-tomentose beneath, stipules long lanceolate acuminate, male fl. pedicelled in small axillary clusters, calyx- lobes ovate pubescent, peta!s clawed obovate plaited puberulous, disk low crenate, male f. and fruit unknown. Beddome Forester’s Mam. 203. Lebidiera stipularis, Muell Arg. in. Linnea xxxii. 81. Bridelia stipularis, Hook. g Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 21 (not of Linn.).—Nilghiri Mts., Hohenacker (n. 1551).—1 know nothing of this plant and I do not understand how it is identified with the B. stipularis of Hook. and Arn. Watt. Car. 8006, from Penang, in leaf only is probably a Cleistanthus ; it has slender tomentose branches, and short broadly elliptic leaves 3-4 by 4-2 in., wit cuspidate tips. 6. ACTEPHILA, Blume. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually large, quite en tire; gtipules deciduous. Flowers in axillary clusters, mono- or di-cecious, petaliferous oF not. MALE rr. Sepals 5-6, subequal or the inner larger, imbricate. Peta as many. much smaller, inserted under the 5-lobed disk, or 0. Stamen 3-6, on the disk, filaments free or nearly so ; anther-cells parallel. Pis lode 3-cleft. Fea. rt. Perianth of the male. Ovary sessile on the 5-lobe disk, 3-celled; styles short, free or connate at the base, entire or 477 ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule hard, loculicidal or of 3 9.valved pers Seeds usually solitary in the cocci, large, 3-gonous, aril or caruncle 0, tes : brittle, very thin, albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons fleshy, folded 9 crumpled together.—Reputed species about 10, Malayan and Australian Mueller's sections * Monocious" and ** Diccious” are annulled by Kurz's observi; tion, that puberula is either ; and the distinctions drawn from the form of the sep and petals are not reliable. The glands at the base of the fem. sepals are proba y present in all the species. 1. A. excelsa, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 78, and in DC. Prof xv. ii. 222; glabrous or with the shoots and young leaves beneath min? "i puberulous, leaves 3-8 in. long- or short-petioled linear-oblong to elip als lanceolate or -obovate acute acuminate or cuspidate, base acute, sepi oblong, petals narrow. Beddome Forester’s Man. 189, t. 23, f. 3. Hook. gherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 1910. Anomospermum excelsum, Dalz. 1? ton Kew Journ. Bot. ii. (1851) 228; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 233. CF lævigatum, Wall. Cat. 7749 (not 7735). Upper Assam; Mishmi Hills, @rigith (Kew Distrib. 4892). Sram i Kuasia Mts. and CHITTAGONG. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. DROCAN Pan YL0N, on the Western Ghats, from the Concan to Travancore, ascending to 5500 ft. CE ascending to 2000 ft.—-DISTRIB. Java. i A small evergreen shrub, 4-8 feet, or a tree. Leaves hardly coriaceous, gr in. yellowish when dry, nerves 6-12 pairs arched, surfaces subsimilar, petiole r i Flowers male and fem. in the same cluster or not ; males several, shortly ped Aclephila.] ^ oxxxv. EuPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 283 fem. clustered or solitary; pedicel slender, 1-2 in. long. Sepals variable in length, obtuse, apiculate or truncate. Petals very variable. Ovary globose, 3-lobed ; styles 8, 2-fid, lobes recurved. Capsule 3 to 1} in. diam., broader than long, 3-lobed, minutely wrinkled when dry; cocci woody, dorsally rounded. Seeds $ in. long, ` obtusely trigonous, dorsally rounded, broader than long; testa very thin, fragile, brown.—The Indian species retained by Mueller are the following. Having no-flowering specimens, I am unable to distinguish them, and suspect they are all forms of one. A. ZEYLANICA, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 77, and in DC. l.c. 221; dicecious, petals of male broadly rhombic-obovate base cuneate, of fem. short cuneate-obovate flabellately dilated truncate emarginate, filaments free. A. neilgherrensis, Thwaites Enum. 280 (excl. syn.). Savia zeylanica, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 571. —Ceylon. A. THomsonr, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 65, and in DC. l. e. 222; diccious, Sepals of fem, linear-lanceolate acute witha series of basal glands, petals linear-lanceo- late rigid entire about 3 times shorter than the sepals.— Mysore and the Carnatic, G. Ti mson. A. JAVANICA, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 356; monccious, sepals coriaceous, petals of male broadly rhombic-obovate cuneately narrowed at the base, of fem. short cuneate- | obovate truncate emarginate, filaments connate at the base, capsules large. Muell. Arg. in DC. L c. 222; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 840. A. bantamensis, Mig. l.c. Savia Actephila, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 243.— Singapore, Wallich (Cat. 8016), Andaman Islands, Java. A. EXCELsA, Muell. Arg. ll. c. ; monccious, leaves from linear-oblong to elliptic or lanceolate ; sepals submembranous suborbicular tip rounded with brown edges, petals oblong-obovate subentire, capsule large, testa membranous. (See citations under the Species.) — Assam, the Khasia Mts. and Silhet. 2. A. puberula, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 341; shoots and nerves of leaves beneath minutely pubescent or glabrescent, leaves long-petioled obovate or 9blong obtuse or obtusely acuminate base rounded or cordate. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. . An evergreen shrub, 4—8 ft. (Kurz). Leaves 4-7 in., hardly coriaceous, glabrous “ove, nerves beneath puberulous. Flowers monoecious or diccious, orange-cold, Ca JT coriaceous. Capsules, as in A. excelsa, wrinkled.—The base of the leaf and long Hi^ les at once distinguish this species from all the forms of A. excelsa. 1 have seen Owers, 7. ANDRACHNE, Linn. (& 8. HEXAKISTRA, Hook. f.) Herbs, undershrubs, or slender shrubs. Leaves usually small, alternate, membranous, quite entire. Flowers small, monecious, pedicelled ; males Clustered in the axils, females solitary. Mate rr. Calyx 9-6-lobed or Partite, Petals 5-6, smallor 0. Disk-glands as many, or twice as many. tamens 5-6, alternate with the petals ; anthers erect, cells parallel. Pis- tillode small. Ferm. rr. Calyx larger. Petals minute or 0. Ovary 3-celled ; styles short 2-fid or -partite ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule of 3 2-va ved cocci. Seeds curved, rugose, estrophiolate, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, cotyledons broad flat.—Species about 10, variously dispersed. When the clavis of the Indian genera of Euphorbiaceæ was prepared, f had determineq to propose for the last two species of this genus a separate ene under the pame of Hexakistra (in allusion to the needle-like style), but on reconsideration I ave considered it best to postpone the dismemberment of Andrachne, which contains in detail types of structure, till all the species now included under it could be studied ail, ° l. A. cordifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 234; shrubby, 284. CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J.D. Hooker) [Andrachne leaves petioled ovate or oblong obtuse or mucronate softly hairy beneath, sepals connate below obovate, petals spathulate keeled, disk-glands mem- branous 2-partite. Brand. For. Fl. 456; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 349. A. Decaisneana, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 577. Leptopus cordifolius, Desne. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 155, t. 156. Phyllanthus cordifolius, Wall. Cat. 7913, and 7930 in part. P. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Waldem. 117, t. 24. P. glauca, Wall. Cat. 7927 B, in part.— Wall. Cat. 4929. CENTRAL and WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-8000 ft., from Nepal Wallich, westwards to Murree, Fleming.—Di1sTRrIB. Affghanistan. A small shrub; branches slender, Leares 1-2 in., pale when dry, nerves very slender; petiole 1—2 in. Flowers 3 in. diam.; pedicels capillary, 4-14 in. Calys enlarged in fruit, acute. Fruit X in. diam., depressed globose. Seeds broadly trigonous dorsally rounded. — The leaves are very variable, rarely cordate, and I suspect that it may prove a form of A. chinensis, Bunge.—There is no No. 7929 in Wallich’s printe List. In his Herbarium in the Linn. Soc. Rooms, that number is written in pent on a sheet of this plant, which has also the misplaced ticket of 7930 (P. hyllanthus tetrandrus). 2, A. telephioides, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1014; prostrate, glabrous, glau- cous, leaves sessile elliptic or obovate subacute, sepals free rounded or rhombie, petals lanceolate, disk-glands membranous 2-lobed. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. à. 235; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1138 ; Sibthorp Fl. Grat. x. t. 953; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 153. A. rotundifolia, C. A. Meyer ™ Hichw. Pl. Carp. 18, t. 20. The PANJAB; on the Salt Range, Fleming; near the Jhelum, Aitchison.—DISTRIB. Affghanistan and westwards to Spain and the Cape de Verd Islands. ; Root woody ; stems very many, 8-12 in., slender, leafy, flowering throughout their length. Leaves }—} in., coriaceous, nerves obscure. Flowers 4 in. diam., p usually shorter than the leaves. Capsules depressed globose, 45-3 in. diam. 3. A. aspera, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 884; prostrate, glaucous and papillosely pubescent, leaves orbicular-cordate or broadly reniform rounc or retuse, sepals free lanceolate obtuse ciliolate, petals rhombic subentire, disk-glands fleshy, of the male peltate incised. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 236; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1138. SciNp, Stocks.—DisTRIB., Persia, Arabia, Trop. Africa. . A small undershrub, with woody root, short rootstock, and very many fire prostrate stems 6-10 in. long, rarely nearly glabrous, pale green when dry. De, 1-4 in. broad, rather membranous, upper sessile ; petiole of lower very slender, ø long as the blade. Flowers j; in. diam.; pedicel as long as the petiole. Fruit à ™ diam., membranous. 4. A. fruticosa, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iti. 484; sparsely hairy, branches terete, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate at both ends, 0Y hispid. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 235. PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector—DistTR1B. Timor-Laut, Java. nt A small erect shrub, 1-2 ft., everywhere except the leaves above sparsely pubes with long appressed hairs; branches slender, divaricate. Leaves 2—3 in., very Jate, pale green ; nerves 3-5 pair, extremely slender, ascending; stipules small, gp deciduous. Male fl. 4, in. diam.; pedicel a little longer, hairy; bracts at the minute ; sepals membranous, obtuse, hairy at the back, sometimes subspathulate i Phe spathulately obovate, 1-nerved ; disk-glands rather fleshy, linear, in pairs opp len en sepals ; filaments narrowed from the base upwards; pistillode not half their * i Fem. fl. 1—y in. diam. ; sepals unequal, hairy on both surfaces. Capsule j in Andrachne.] CXXXV. EvPHORBIAGCEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 285 epicarp separating ; seeds transversely wrinkled.—The Timor Laut specimen so closely Pee oles this, that I think they must be co-specific, though I find no petals in their ew flowers, 9. A. Clarkei, Hook. f; sparsely hairy, branches acutely angled, leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate base rounded, ovary glabrous. MUNNIPORE; on Kohima, alt. 4700 ft., Clarke. A slender erect shrub, 18 in. high ; branches green with slender ribs at the angles. Leaves 2-25 in., pale green, laxly hairy beneath ; petiole }-} in., pubescent. Male ff. è in. diam.; pedicel capillary, 1—3 in.; sepals oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, hairy externally ; petals } as long as the sepals ; disk-scales linear, in pairs opposite the sepals with a gland between the bases of each pair, about as long as the petals. Stamens erect; pistillode 0? Fem. fl. j in. diam.; pedicel 3-1 in.; sepals ovate- lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, green; disk-scales as in the male; ovary quite glabrous. Capsule 3-lobed, depressed, smooth, glabrous, about j in. diam. ; seeds turgidly trigonous, smooth. 9. AGYNEIA, Vent. Annual or perennial glabrous herbs; stems diffuse, often angled or com- Pressed. Leaves small, alternate, quite entire. Flowers minute, moncecious, apetalous; males in axillary clusters; females solitary, largest; bracts often pumerous, stipule-like. MALE rr. Sepals 6, gland-dotted, thickened all but the white margins. Disk 6-lobed. Stamens 3, central; anthers subsessile on the connate filaments; cells parallel, extrorse. Pistillode 0. FEM. FL. Disk 0. Sepals acute, not margined. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, truncate ; styles very short, 2-fid, sunk in the top of the ovary. Ovules 2 in each cell. apsule splitting into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds slender, curved, hilum long, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, cotyledons broad flat.— Species 2, Indian, alayan, and Mascarene. b A. bacciformis, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 24; leaves fleshy sessile ol long obovate or rounded to linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate obtuse gous: Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 238; Wight Ic. t. 1893; Miquel 7 : Ind.. Bat. i. 2. 367. A. impubes, Vent. Hort. Cels. 23, t. 23; A. Juss. : € 109, t. 6, £. 19; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 24, f. 10-14. A. phyl- anthoides, Spreng. Syst. ii. 19. Phyllanthus bacciformis, Lina. Syst. 7.13, 707; Rozb. Fl. Ind.iü. 661; Wall. Cat. 7896. P. racemosus, Linn. "ppl. 415. P. anceps & rotundifolius, Herb. Madr. Diplomorpha her- acea, Griff. Notul. iv. 479. Emblica racemosa, Spreng. Syst. iii. 20. BrNGAL, Griffith, Clarke. CoRoMANDEL Coast, in grassy pastures, Roxburgh, A EYLON, near the sea.— DISTRIB. Java, Mauritius. rare] dnaal or biennial. Stems 6-18 in., laxly branched, angular, green. Leaves short) in. long, nerveless; stipules minute, ovate or lanceolate, acute. Flowers studded e dicelled, males +); in., fem, $—} in. diam. Sepals broadly ovate, acuminate, recury, with immersed glands, persistent. Ovary broadly ovoid, obtuse ; style with 2 teret ed arms, stigmas acute. Capsule 3 in. long, globosely ovoid, obtuse, pearly only T have seen no specimen of the Javanese A. affinis, Kurz (DC. 1. c. 239) ; the : #Vanese species known to me is bacciformis, collected by Horsfield. Roxburgh me tribes the male sepals as laciniate. 10. PHYLLANTHUS, Lina. (See also 11. GLOCHIDION.) Herbs, trees or shrubs. Leaves bifarious or distichous, alternate, quite 286 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Phyllanthus, entire. Flowers small, moncecious, usually in axillary clusters, apetalous. Disk various, rarely 0. MALE FL. Sepals 4-6, imbricate in 2 series. Disk- glands various (0 in 3 of Emblica). Stamens 3-5 in the centre of the flower, filaments free or connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong or didymous, rarely reniform, cells parallel or diverging, slits extrorse vertical or trans- verse by the confluence of the cells. Pistillode 0 (or minute in Sect. Reidia). FEM. FL. Sepals of the male (or more in Reidia). Ovary 3- or more-celled ; styles free or connate, usually 2-fid with slender arms, rarely dilated ; ovules 2 in each cell Fruit of 3 or more crustaceous or coriaceous rarely bony 2-valved cocci, with or without a separable coriaceous rarely fleshy epicarp (in Sect. Kirganelia a berry, in Sect. Cicca a drupe). Seeds 3-gonous, estrophiolate, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat or flexuous. —Species about 350, of all warm countries. Under 11. GLOCHIDION I have given my reasons for retaining the genus of by name, which is regarded by many botanists as a section of Phyllanthus. I think tha Kirganelia may possibly constitute a distinct genus, characterized by the baccate fruit with superposed seeds and a crustaceous testa; and perhaps Flueggeops's another. KEY TO THE SECTIONS. Sect. T. PELTANDRA. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves membranous. Flowers long-(fem. very long-)pedicelled. Sepals 5 or 6 in both sexes. Stamens 5, filaments connate in a slender column; anthers erect, slits ver- tical, connective not produced. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, minute, 2- partite. Capsule of 3 coriaceous or crustaceous cocci. Sect. II. KrRGANELIA. Shrubs. Leaves distichous, usually petioled, Sepals 4-6 in both sexes. Stamens 5, in 2 series, filaments free, or o ony outer series free, of the inner connate; anthers erect, slits vertical, connec tive not produced. Styles very minute, 2-fid. Fruit a 4-8-celled berry. Seeds 2 in each cell superposed, the upper pendulous from the top of t cavity, the lower from the middle; testa ? hard often rugose. Sect. III. FLuEGGEOPsIs. A shrub. Leaves distichous, shortly petioled. Sepals 5-6 in both sexes. Stamens 5, filaments free ; anthers erect, slits Me tical, connective not produced. Styles 3, long, slender, quite entire, un! at the base. Fruita 3-celled, 3-seeded berry ; testa crustaceous. Sect. IV. Emprica. Trees. Leaves very small, closely pinnately ” on the slender branchlets. Male flowers with no disk. Sepals 5-6 1n 90 sexes. Stamens 3, filaments united ina column; anthers erect, slits vertica connective produced. Styles 3, united below, each twice 2-fid. Fruit tar fleshy, with 3 bony 2-valved cocci. Sect. V. PARAPHYLLANTHUS. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves various. Sepals 5-6 in both sexes. Stamens 3, filaments united in a short or long colum anthers erect, slits vertical, connective usually produced. Styles 3, or connate below, 2-fid. Capsule of 3 crustaceous 2-valved cocci. . Sepals Sect. VI. EuruvuhLANTHUs. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves various. f ean 5-6 in both sexes. Stamens 3, filaments more or less united, rarely r hort, recurved ; anthers didymous or reniform, cells subglobose, slits uu pi 3, cells sometimes confluent when the dehiscence appears transverse. d o0 ot free or connate below, 2-fid. Capsule of 3 crustaceous or thin 2-valve n Sect. VII. Rerpra. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves various. Sepals ofte Phyllanthus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 287 toothed or lacerate, of male fl. 4, of fem. 4 or 6. Stamens 2-4; anthers didymous or reniform, sessile around a minute pistillode on the top of a slender or short column, horizontal, cells often confluent, slits transverse. Styles 3, 2-fid or 2-partite. Capsule of 3 thinly crustaceous 2-valved cocci. Sect. VIII. Cicca. Atree. Sepals 4 (rarely 5-6)in both sexes. Stamens 4, filaments free; anthers oblong, erect, slits vertical. Styles 4, free. Fruit fleshy, with a 3-4-celled bony endocarp. . Sect. IX. Pnosonus. Dicecious trees. Leaves deciduous. Sepals 4 in both sexes. Stamens 4, filaments free; anthers erect, slits vertical. Styles 3, free, 2-fid. Fruit large, epicarp thin, dry, bursting irregularly, enclosing 8 thin walled 2-valved cocci. Sect. I. PELTANDRA (see p. 286). l. P. longipes, Muell. Arg, in Linnea xxxii. 10, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 11. 941; quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled 3-5 in. very membranous ovate-lanceolate finely acuminate, fem. pedicels very long axillary, capsule small dry. Peltandra longipes, Wight Ic. t. 1891. Croton pedunculatus, Wall. Cat. 7767. Maranan; Mont. Mamettori, Herb. Madr.; at Quilon, Wight. Shrubby ?; bark white; branches long, terete, slender. Leaves undulate, base acute or rounded, subglaucous beneath ; nerves 6-8 pair, very slender; petiole }-} in., slender; stipules ovate, ciliate, caducous. Peduncles of fem. fl. };-} in., clothed with tetrastichously imbricating ovate fimbriate bracts; male pedicels 3, fem. 2-3 in. Male calyx 35, fem. } in. diam.; sepals 5, rounded. Disk of both sexes orbicular. Capsule 2 in. diam., globose; cocci thinly crustaceous. Seeds (in Wight’s figure) pyriform, 2. P. macropus, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves long petioled 3-5 in. very membranous ovate- or oblong-lanceolate finely acuminate, fem. pedicels very long axillary, capsule small dry. UPPER Assam; in the Mishmee Hills, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4811). Habit of P. longipes, but at once distinguished by the petiole 1-3 in. long.—The Specimens are in fruit only, which appears to be like that of P. longipes. The leaf Margins are crisply undulate, as if crenate. 3. P. suberosus, Wight in Wall. Cat. 7910; branches very slender and petioles crisply puberulous, leaves 1-2 in. very membranous elliptic acute at both ends, fem. pedicels long capillary, capsule minute. Muell. gI. in Linnea xxxii. 10, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 311. Andrachne fru- icosa & Tragia glabrata, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. The Deccan PENINSULA, Wight; Samulcotta, Heyne. . a leaf m very slender, woody, terete; bark at the base corky ; branches flexuous, with at e ine, ; nerves 4-6 pair, extremely slender ; ole re arealer amate nabal B. Pedicels axillary solitary or from 3 petiole +,—1, in.; stipules ovate-subulate. : 1 à very short peduncle clothed with subnlate bracts, male jl; in., fem. 3-1 in. Male d nearly to the top. n . , : i5 In. diam., fem. larger; sepals rounded. Filaments unite sule +; in. diam., cocci thinly crustaceous. 4. P. Thwaitesianus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 341; quite glabrous, leaves 1-2 in. very shortly petioled membranous elliptic subacute ase acute, fem. pedicels capillary, capsule minute. P. Peltandra, Muell. FAA mE Peltandra flexuosa, Thwaites Enum. 281. P. parvifolia,, Wight VOL. v, U 288 CXXXV. EUFHORBI\CEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phyllanthus. CEYLON ; at Minnery, not common, Thwaites. Stem shrubby below, much branched above, branches slender angular. Leaves bright glaucous-green often marbled with white, very thin; nerves 4-5 pair, extremely slender; petiole 4-3 in.; stipules subulate. Pedicels axillary or from a very short, peduncle clothed with ovate fimbriate bracts, male } in., fem. $-$ in. Male fl. y in. diam., fem. larger; sepals rounded. Filaments united to the middle. Style-arms capitellate. Capsule } in. diam.—I have little doubt but that Wight’s Peltandra parvifolia, of which he had lost the locality, is from Ceylon, and is the Phyll. Thwaitesianus, Muell., in which I find the filaments free from the middle upwards. Sect. II. KrRGANELIA (see p. 286). 5. P. reticulatus, Poir. Encycl. v. 298; glabrous pubescent or tomentose, branches smooth or tuberculate, leaves 1-2 in. oblong or elliptic tip rounded obtuse or acute, flowers axillary and subracemose on slender branches, 3 inner filaments connate, ovary globose 5-8-celled, stigmas 3 distant very minute 2-lobed, fruit coriaceous or fleshy 8-16-seeded. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 944; Brand. For. Fl. 453; Beddome Forester $ Man. 190; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 353. P. microcarpus, Muell. Arg. m Linnea xxxii. 51, and in DC. l. c. 943. P. multiflorus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 581; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 664 (not of Roxb. Icon.); Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 180; Wall. Cat. 7921. P. Kirganelia, Herb. Ham. and Roxb. f dalbergioides & myrtifolius, Wall. Cat. 7934 and 7940. P. Wighti- anus, Wall. Cat. 7919. P. griseus, Wall. Cat. 7918 A (im part) = Prieurianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 19. P. Chamissonis, Klotzsch in Nov. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 490. P. sinensis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea l. c.12. P. puberulus, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. No. 728. P. pentandrus, Herb. Roxb. P. virosus, Wall. Cat. 7998 D. P. spinescens, Wall. mss. Anisonema reticulatum, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 19 t. 4, f. 1. A. mul- tiflorum, Wight Ic. t. 1899; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 234. A. Zollinger, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 375, and Suppl. 449. A. dubium, Blume jd. 989; Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 481; Miquel l. e. 375. A. intermedium & eglandulosam, Dene. l. c. 482; Miquel l.e. Kirganelia reticulata, multi- flora, intermedia, Wightiana, puberula, dubia, sinensis & eglandulosa, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 613, 614. K. Prieuriana, Baill. Ree. Of i 82. K. multiflora, Thwaites Enum. 282. Cicca reticulata, Kurz For. " i. 954. C. decandra, Blanco Fl. Filipp. 487. C. microcarpa, Benth. ©" Hongk. 312; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 355. Rhamnus zeylanicus, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 198, t. 88. Throughout TROPICAL INDIA ; in the plains from Scind, Behar, Rohilkund, Sikkim and Assam, to Travancore, Malacca, Perak, the Andaman Islands, Burma and CELO]. —DisrriB. Tropical Africa, China, and the Malay Islands. . A large often scandent shrub; branchlets slender. Leaves thin, someti stiff, variable in size and form, base rounded acute or subcordate ; nerves slender; petiole -4 in.; stipules ovate-subulate, entire. Flowers male à subequal, about +; in. diam.; pedicels about] in. Sepals 5-6, rounded. Disk-g ruit variable. Ovary usually much exserted. Fruit 4—} in. diam., subgranulate. often racemose on the slender leafless branches. Seeds irregularly trigonous, ones crustaceous granulate punctulate.—The pubescent state, though the less common occurs throughout the range of the species. I can find no characters where Js distinguish P. microcarpus from reticulatus ; the lenticellate branches occur m those with globose and depressed.globose fruits. mes rather Sect. III. FrvEcGrorsis (see p. 286). is 6. P. glaucus, Wall. Cat. 7927 A; quite glabrous, leaves 1-1; 7 Phyllanthus.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 289 shortly petioled membranous elliptie or oblong acute obtuse or apiculate, flowers dicecious axillary pedicelled, pedicel clavate at the tip, sepals of both sexes broadly oblong, berry small globose. Muell. Arg. in Lannea xxxii. 14. P. flueggeiformis, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 349. P. griseus, Wall. Cat. 7918 A in part. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich. Sikkim, J. D. H., Kurz, &c. Buoran, Griffth. Kuasta HILLS,on Shillong, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T., Clarke.—DısTRIB. China. A shrub with terete divaricate branches and very slender branchlets. Zeaves blackish when dry, very thin, subglaucous beneath, base acute; nerves 8-10 pair, very slender; petiole ,!,—7; in., very slender; stipules narrow, membranous. Flowers ts in. diam., solitary or fascicled ; pedicels }-}in. Disk of male 6 globose glands; of fem. a very inconspicuous ring. Ovary ovoid; styles exserted, more or less connate at the base. Fruit 4-4 in. diam., usually purple, styles persistent.—This closely re- sembles P. reticulatus in habit, but is easily distinguished by the long simple styles, free stamens, and clavate tip of the fem. pedicel. The Chinese specimens are from the Province of Kiu Kiang (Maries) ; they have rather longer styles. Sect. IV. Emstica (see p. 286). 7. P. Emblica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 982; a large tree, branchlets glabrous or finely pubescent, leaves 1—l in. distichously close-set subsessile linear- oblong obtuse, flowers densely fascicled along the branchlets males pedi- celled, fem. few subsessile, anthers free, stigmas very large twice 2-fid, fruit depressed -globose Lin. fleshy. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 352; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 671; Wall. Cat. 7903; Brand. For. Fl. 454, t. 52; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 180; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 351; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 258; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 312; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 627, t. 24, f 20-24; Lodd. Bot. Cub. t. 548. ? P. taxifolius, Don Prodr. 63. P. glo- meratus, Herb. Roxb. Emblica officinalis, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 122, t. 108; Wight Te. t. 1896; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 235; A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 108, t. 5, f. 15. Cicca Emblica, Kurz For. FI. à. 352. Dichelastina nodicaulis, Hance in Walp. Ann. iii. 367.—Rheede Hort. Mal.i. t. 38. Throughout TROPICAL INDIA, wild or planted, from the base of the Himalaya, Tom Jummoo eastwards, and southwards to CEYLON and Maracca.—DisrRiB. Malay Islands, China. A deciduous tree ; bark flaking conchoidally ; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves equal and symmetrically set, like the leaflets of a pinnate leaf, glabrous or puberulous beneath ; stipules scarious, lacerate. Flowers yellow, racemed on the branches. Sepals 5-6, obovate-oblong. Staminal column short. Disk of male obsolete, ot fem. a lacerate cup. Ovary globose ; styles connate at the base ; arms recurved, very large, dilated and twice branched. Fruit obscurely 6-lobed, 8. P. albizzioides, Hook. f.; a tree, branchlets puberulous, leaves l by 4 in. distichously close-set subsessile oblong or elliptic rarely orbicular Slabrous glaucous beueath, flowers minute subracemose, males pedicelled, em. subsessile, styles 2-cleft lobes broad entire, fruit globose 1 in. diam. fleshy © P. pubescens, Wail. mss. Cicca albizzioides, Kurz For. Fl ii. 352. BURMA; at P lich. Prav; up to 2000 ft., Kurz, Brandis. Branches very slendec, pubescent. Leaves 1 by 4 in. or smaller, rounded at both ends ; nerves 7-io pair, very slender. Cocci bony, with a long pungent apex. 9. P. Pomiferus, Hook.f. ; a shrub or tree, branchlets pubescent, leaves id 1n.long distichously close-set subsessile narrowly linear coriaceous acute or obtuse glabrous margins subreflexed, flowers subracemose, rachis pubescent, Ua 290 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phyllanthus. staminal column slender, styles robust 2-lobed lobes short broad 3-crenulate, fruit 1 in. diam. globose fleshy. Cicca macrocarpa, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 352. Pegu and Prome districts of Burma, Kurz. . mE I have seen no specimens of this, which with the leaves of P. Emblica differs, ac- cording to Kurz, in the wrinkled fissured bark, the styles, and large fruit. ‘10. P. pectinatus, Hook. f.; branchlets scurfily tomentose, leaves 4 in. distichously close-set linear-oblong obtuse coriaceous incurved when dry with recurved margins nerveless, fruit turbinate i-$ by 3-3 1. P. Emblica, Wall. Cat. 7903 G. PERAK, King's Collector ; SINGAPORE, Wallich; MaLracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4799), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1352). Very similar to P. Emblica, but differing in the scurfy rusty branchlets and form of the fruit. . Sect. V. PARAPHYLLANTHUS (see p. 286). * Shrubs or trees. 11. P. polyphyllus, Willd. Sp. Pl. xiv. 586; shrubby, quite glabrous, feaves }—% in. sessile linear-oblong obtuse or apiculate, nerves very distinct, flowers podicelled subsolitary, anthers subsessile on a very short column free, style stout with 3 2-fid arms, fruit small 3-lobed epicarp thin, coctl subglobose crustaceous, seeds remotely foveolate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Proar. xv. ii. 352; Beddome Foresters Man. 190 (excl. some syns.) ; Wight Ie. t. 1895. P. racemosus & polyphyllus, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7902. P. emblicoides, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 15, and in DC. l. c. 393. Deccan PENINSULA, Klein, Heyne; in subalpine jungles, common towards the eastern slopes of the Nilghiris, Wight. CEYLON; common in the north part o the island. Branches terete, strict. Leaves 1—1 in. broad, base rounded or subcordate, nerves 6-8 pair; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire. Male fl. py in. diam; sepals 6, oblong ; disk-glands fleshy ; anthers not apiculate. Fem. jl. twice as large, disk annular. Fruit 1 in. diam., depressed. Seeds flat on the opposed faces, convex on the other.— There is some confusion about this plant. Wight figures the styles as free and sess1 °, and the anthers as cohering and crowned witn a prolonged connective, none 9 " $4 characters do I find. Mueller describes the stylar column as slender, with 3 We slender 2-fid arms, and the anthers as shortly apiculate. I find the stylar cole ong and stout, and the anthers hardly apiculate and quite free. Mueller further cites epi " as a habitat, and Don's P. fazifolius as a synonym, which plant has puberes, branches, and is, I should think, P. Emblica. I find no difference between Muel "p P. emblicoides and polyphyllus. Dalzell’s P. polyphyllus is no doubt Mueller’s £- Lawü. Beddome erroneously unites P. Lawii with polyphyllus. 12. P. Lawii, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 181; shrubby, quite glabro» leaves 1-1 in. very shortly petioled linear-oblong obtuse or apiculate, pce very obscure, flowers subsessile, anthers free stipitate, styles 9 very 8 as 2-lobed, fruit small 3-lobed, cocci subglobose crustaceous. Muell. 107 A. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 393. P. spinulosus, Herb. Heyne, Wall. Cat. 1894 ny ? P. polyphyllus, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. F1.234. P. juniperinoides, Muell. in Linnea xxxii. 18, and in DC. l. c. 358. BEHAR; on the banks of the Soane, J. D. H. DEOCAN PENINSULA, Concan and Belgaum to the Wynaad, Law, Stocks, &c. A shrub; branches usually grooved, branchlets sometimes faintly pub inute Leaves half as broad as long or narrower, base. rounded or cordate; stipules s cute. setaceous. Male and fem. fl. j,-j in. diam.; sepals 6, oblong, obtuse or SUD» from the erulous- Phyllanthus.] cxxxv. gvPHomBrAcEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 291 Seeds not seen.—Mueller describes the styles of P. Lawii as connate for nearly } their length, but they are free, very short, with very short thick lobes, as he has correctly described them under P. juniperinoides. 13. P. hakgalensis, Thwaites mss. in Trimen Syst. Cat. Plant. Ceyl. 80; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 3-3? in. sessile oblanceolate or linear- oblong acute coriaceous nerves very obscure, pedicels capillary longer than the leaves, flowers axillary solitary males } fem. } in. diam., anthers free broadly oblong obtuse column slender, styles spreading cleft to the middle, capsule globose smooth enclosed in the enlarged sepals. CEYLON ; at Hakgalle, Thwaites. Branches terete, woody, scarred. Leaves scattered round the branches, close set. Sepals of both sexes broadly oblong, membranous. Disk of male of 6 rounded glends, of fem. a thick cushion. Capsule 3-4 in. diam.—1 have seen only one small Specimen, 14 P. nemorum, Russell in Wall. Cat. 7897 B; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves lin. sessile linear-oblong apiculate nerves distinct, flowers axillary solitary shortly pedicelled, staminal column equalling the connate obtuse anthers, styles long slender connate at the base with capitate notched tips. Muell. Arg.in Linnea xxxiv. 70, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 358. The Deccan? Konig, in Herb. Russell. . . Branches terete, leafy branchlets 2 in., very slender, horizontal. Leaves $ in. road, coriaceous, brown when dry, nerves 5-6 pair; stipules subulate. Male fl. zin. diam. ; pedicels capillary, about equalling the sepals ; sepals oblong ; fem, fl. 4 in. diam., pedicel stouter, shorter than the narrower sepals; disk annular. Ovary glo- se, glabrous, shorter than the erect recurved styles.—The styles are very peculiar. allich’s specimen is a solitary one, without fruit. On the back of the sheet is written, “ Phyllanthus nemorum, fruticosus foliis bifariis simpliciter pinnatis, pinnis linearibus, fructu baccato exsucco tricocco parvo, ex spec. Kon." 15. P. boeobotryoides, Wall. Cat. 7942; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 2-4 in, sessile ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute acuminate or caudate, Owers in slender axillary spikes or racemes, sepals of male 5-6 orbicular of em. oblong-lanceolate obtuse, anthers erect large acute free terminating the Staminal column, stylar column long straight. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 15, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 354; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 348. Strut, Wallich, Griffith. TENASSERIM, Helfer. , Branches woody, teret, branchlets long, slender, compressed and angled. Leaves thinly coriaceous, brown when dry, shining above; nerves 6-8 pairs, slender ; petiole minute or O; stipules minute, Jéacemes or spikes solitary or 2-nate, very slender, shorter than the leaves; bracts minute; flowers solitary or clustered; males shortly celled, 1; in. diam., with spreading sepals, and disk of 5-6 glands; fem. larger, With erect narrower sepals and an obscure disk. Anthers as long as or longer than e column of filaments, lanceolate ; connective produced, acute. Stylar column as long P: the Ovary, longer than the 2-partite recurved lobes which are linear-clavellate. ruit not seen, but described by Kurz as a more or less woody capsule. 16. P. columnaris, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 15, and in DC, Prodr, xv. ii. 334; a tree, branchlets finely tomentose, leaves 1-2 in. elliptic or oblong obtuse or apiculate, flowers densely clustered in leafless terminal racemes, sepals of male oblong glabrous of fem. ovate tomentose, anthers gorte obtuse terminating a very long slender column, stylar column short, “rz For. Fl ii. 347. P. tetrandrus, Roxb. ?, Wall. Cat. 7930. Peev to Tenasserim, Wallich, Grifith, Helfer. 292 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phyllanthus. A deciduous tree, 20-25 ft.; branchlets long, slender, terete. Leaves thin, dull brown when dry, glaucous and puberulous beneath and rarely above, base rondets nerves 5-7 pairs, slender; petiole j!; in.; stipules minute. Racemes (leafless tipi D branches) 6-8 in., erect; male fl. + in. diam. on capillary pedicels, with sprea ng sepals and minute disk-glands; fem. larger, shortly stoutly pedicelled, with short Lom erect sepals, and an urceolate disk. Staminal column far exserted ; anther-cells "eo x separate, closely adnate to the top of the column, surrounding a minute 3-lobed pistil- lode. Ovary glabrous. Capsule } in. diam., depressed, black. 17. P. frondosus, Wall. Cat. 7932; shrubby, glabrous or branchlets puberulous, leaves 14-2 in. subsessile oblong or ovate-oblong acute or acu- minate, flowers in minute axillary clusters very shortly pedicelled glabrous, anthers erect acute free terminating a very short column, styles free en e 2-partite segments linear. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 17. Giochi j^ frondosus, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 637. ? P. oxyphyllus, Mique hs Ind. Bat. Suppl. 448; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. i. 356. P. acutus, Wall. Cat. 7931, 7945. PENANG, Wallich, Curtis. PERAK, King’s Collector. —DISTRIB. ? Sumatra. L A shrub, 4-6 ft. in Perak; branches woody, with pale bark; branchlets ames slender, erect, tips angular. Leaves membranous, variable in size, dark brown a a ? when dry, paler beneath, base cuneate rounded or subcordate; nerves 5-9 pairs; stipules minute. Flowers } in. diam. ; pedicel not longer than the perianth. Sepa of both sexes broadly oblong. Connectives produced, acute. Disk of male of nin glands. Ovary globose, glabrous, styles reflexed on its crown. Fruit not seen.— "his. absence of flowering specimens of P. oryphyllus, Miq., I hesitate to unite it with ald The leaves of ozyphyllus are larger, 2-3 in. long, with more nerves, but this alone wo not separate it specifically. 18. P. Kunstleri, Hook. f.; branchlets very slender angular pubem lous, leaves 2-23 in. subsessile ovate-lanceolate acuminate, flowers sessile m minute axillary clusters glabrous, anthers erect subsessile, ovary tomentose, styles 3 cleft to the middle arms diverging. PENANG ; alt. 800-1000 ft., King’s Collector (Kunstler). irs very A bushy tree, 20 ft. Leaves membranous, base rounded, nerves 8-10 pairs Con- faint; stipules minute. Flowers in. diam. Sepals of both sexes oblong. nectives not produced. Disk-glands of male 2-lobed. Styles erect and spreading. 19. P. coriaceus, Wall. Cat. 7946; quite glabrous, leaves 3 in. sub- sessile elliptic-oblong acute coriaceous, male flowers minute in a arms clusters glabrous, anthers erect subsessile, stylar column elongate, reflexed. P. pachyphyllus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 353. SINGAPORE, Wallich. nts Shrubby. Leaves unequal-sided with broadly rounded often decurved DM contracted and very narrowly cordate, dark brown when dry and opaque, D lowers pairs, slender, cross-nervules indistinct ; petiole 1, in. Sepals ovate, obtuse. filaments lin. diam.; outer sepals oblong, inner more ovate. Stamens lanceolate, +The very short. Disk-glands of male 2, crenate. Ovary globose ; style columnar. specimens are very insufficient. , ** Herbs. : us, 20. P. maderaspatensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 982 ; quite gao ho leaves scattered i-1 in. subsessile narrowly or broadly cunea “af very vate glaucous beneath, stipules peltate, flowers axillary ma th white minute subsessile fem. very shortly pedicelled, sepals broad green w1 Muell. margins, styles free minute 2 lobed, seeds striated in rough lines. Inds 5 Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 19, andin DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 362; Rosb. Ft. base Phyllanthus.) cxxxv. EvPHonBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 293 654; Wight Ic. t. 1895, £. 3; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 180; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 933; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 311, and FI. Austral. vi. 103. P. andrachnoides, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 575. P. obcordatus, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 65; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 656; Wall. Cat. 7906. P. javanicus, Poir.; Spreng. Syst. iii. 91. P. anceps, Herb. Heyne. P. linearis, Herb. Madr, P. malabaricus, Herb. Wight. P. Niruri, Wall. Cat. 7894. Drier parts of INDIA ; from BANDA, Edgeworth, throughout the DECCAN PENIN- SULA to CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Trop. Africa, Arabia, Java, China, Australia. Very variable in habit, erect or decumbent below ; stems low and herbaceous or erect, slender, woody with spreading branches and sometimes? a woody perennial stock. Leaves from % in. and cuneate or almost obcordate to 14 in., and narrowly oblong-cuneate; nerves few, slanting ; petiole minute; stipules lanceolate membranous. M ale fl. 3; in. diam., usually fascicled with one much larger fem. ; fem. 44; in. diam. in fruit. Sepals rounded or obcuneate. Disk of glands in both sexes. Anthers almost sessile on the column, erect, apiculate. Fruit dry, in. diam., globose.— Mueller distin- guishes four varieties by the size and form of the leaves, but they pass into one another. Roxburgh describes his obcordatus as suffruticose; itis a tall slender form with woody stems and long branches. 21. P. Eheedii, Wight Ic. t. 1895, f£. 1; annual, quite glabrous, leaves 1-1} in. subsessile elliptic or subovate apiculate, stipules not peltate, flowers axillary males very minute fem. larger longer pedicelled, sepals oblong green with narrow white margins, filaments free above, styles short 2-partite, seeds remotely striated. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 363. * flaccidus, Thwaites Enum. 283. NirGuini Hırs, Wight; alt. 6000 ft., Clarke. Cxyton; in the Central Province, alt. 4—7000 ft. Diffusely branched from the base and above, 1-3 ft. high; branches terete. Leaves membranous, dark brown when dry, not glaucous beneath, nerves very faint; petiole re in. ; stipules lanceolate. Flowers a few males on short capillary pedicels, and one fem. on a longer stouter pedicel, the latter in fruit 4 in. diam. Sepals oblong. Disk-glands of male large, lobulate ; of fem. linear, quite distinct. Filaments free above and spreading ; anthers globose, not apiculate. Styles slender. Capsule $ in. diam., globose, hardly 3-lobed, almost membranous. Seeds with rather distant longi- tudinal very slender ridges and minute cross-lines.—Wight’s figure is not accurate, Dor does it accord with his specimens ; the filaments are quite free, and diverge above ; the fem. disk is not cupular, as figured by him and described by Mueller, but of linear glands ; and the fem. pedicel is much too long. Wight suggests this being Rheede’s Niruri, which Mueller rightly doubts. Rheedeis not likely to have had a Nilghiri or Ceylon plant. 22. P. urinaria, Linn. Sp. Pl. 982; annual, rarely perennial, gla- brous or nearly so, stem and branches angled, leaves }-} in. sessile disti- chously imbricate oblong or linear-oblong tip rounded or apiculate, stipules peltate, flowers very minute axillary subsessile, sepals ciliolate, ments very short free, ovary densely granulate, styles short free 2-fid, fruit echinate, seeds transversely furrowed. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxn. 19, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 364; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 660; Wall. Cat. 7893 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 180; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 310, and Fl. Austral. vi. 02. P, leprocarpus, Wight Ic. t. 1895, f. 4. P. alatus, Blume Dijd. 594. ; Cantoniensis, Hornem. Hort. Haffn. 910. P. mucronatus & racemosus, erb. Heyne. P. muricatus & P. polyphyllus, Herb. Madr. P. echinatus, Herb. Ham.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 16. Throughout Inpra ; from the PansaB to ASSAM, BURMA, MALACCA, PENANG. aud CEYLON.— DrsTRIB. T ropics generally. 294 OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Phyllanthus. A low or tall diffusely branched erect or decumbent herb (becoming perennial x some soils, Roxb.) ; branches at the angles and often the margins of the leaves e sepals minutely hispid. Leaves very variable in size, glaucous beneath; a m lanceolate. Flowers j; in. diam., or the males smaller, very shortly pedire ? Dusk perianth in fruit ~ in. diam. Sepals green, of the males orbicular ; fem. ob ong. nited, of male of glands; of female narrow, entire, lobed. Filaments very shor ly Tam anthers erect, didymous not apiculate. Styles with hooked arms. Fruit yg in. imi echinate.— Wight represents the filaments as wholly connate and the anthers as , apiculate, which I do not find to be so. . ; p Var. Hookeri; taller and larger in all its parts, 1-14 ft. high, stem teren y simple long erect angled branches, filaments wholly connate. P. Hookeri, J S ( Kaw in Linnea l. c., and in DC. 1. c. 366.—Khasia Mts., alt. 2-4000 ft., Griff Distrib. 4805), J. D. H. & T. T. Sect. VI. EUPHYLLANTHUS (see p. 286). * Stipules semisagittate or peltate. 23. P. Grifüthii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 27, and in DC. E rod. xv. ii. 384; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves scattered 1-3 In. e Se elliptic or oblong acute or obtuse glaucous beneath, stipules peltate acere € flowers long pedicelled axillary, filaments free or united in a long or n a column, anthers globose, styles very long connate to the middle arms tong very slender recurved, seeds smooth. i Kuasta Hirrs; at Mamloo, Griffith, Clarke, &c. (Kew Distrib. 4822). MUNSI- PORE, Watt. La imbricating Much branched, branches woody angled. Leaves hardly distichously imbri ^4 towards the tops of the branches, rather coriaceous, base acute, nerves 6-8 ri e tinct beneath. Male fl. 3. in. diam., pedicels capillary, sepals rounded; fem. f jt pedicels 3 in., sepals oblong reflexed in fruit. Disk of male of small glands, 3 die annular lobed. Stamens recurved; anthers globose. Ovary globose; styles urely as long, arms capillary recurved. Capsule } in. diam., depressed globose, yon ious lobed, smooth.—There is some error in Mueller’s description. The plant is not Pr and the fem. pedicels are shorter than the leaves. The anthers when upon à elongate staminal column are, I think, imperfect. 24. P. parvifolius, Ham. in Don Prodr. 63 ; shrubby, nearly glabro branches very slender, leaves 1-1 in. distichously imbricate sessile elli ane subcuneately obovate tip rounded glaucous beneath, stipules hastate, vlet minute subsolitary axillary very shortly pedicelled, filaments free! sessile short 2-partite arms slender, seeds smooth. Muell. Arg. p ina Prodr. xv. ii. 985. P. juniperinus, Wall. Cat. 7901 ; Mauell. in xxxii. 28. P. prætervisus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea, and in DC. ll. c. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Jamu and Kumaon, alt. 5-6000 ft., to Bhota? Knas1A Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. es mem- A shrub, 6-8 ft., bark pale; ultimate branchlets capillary, short. "AM A. gs ite branous; nerves 3—4 pair, very faint; stipules very minute, subulate. Ma h cssile or diam., pedicels rather longer; sepals rounded; fem. twice as large, su "erenaté. longer pedicelled, sepals oblong. Disk of male of glands; of fem. annular, sable in Filaments short, spreading; anthers didymous. Ovary globose, styles th length. Capsule } in. diam., globose, obscurely lobed, crustaceous, smeg den minutely mottled with brown.—Wallich’s 7901 A is from tbe Calcutta - lo accords with those from the habitats cited above, but his B from Nepal has acicular stipules on the branchlets. . es 25. P. Roeperianus, Wall, Cat. 7904; a rigid shrub, branch Phyllanthus.] cxxxv. nvpHorpraces. (J. D. Hooker.) 295 ribbed erect, leaves 1-3 in. shortly petioled coriaceous elliptic linear- or obovate-oblong obtuse or acute margins recurved, stipules broad peltate, male fl. shortly fem. longer-pedicelled, filaments connate to the middle, anthers didymous, disk of fem. broad 6-lobed, styles reflexed 2-partite, cap- sule minute, seeds rugulose. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 28, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 385. KnasrA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Wallich, &e. MUNNIPORE, Watt. A small shrub, with erect leafy densely fascicled rigid woody branches, and slender grooved branchlets. Leaves dense, suberect, glaucous beneath, pale greenish when dry ; base cordate or rounded 3 nerves 5-6 pair, faint beneath; petiole 1, in., stout; stipules membranous. Flowers from tufts of fimbriate bracts, males 4; in. diam., on very short pedicels; fem. 3, in., fruiting 44; in. diam., spreading. Sepals 5 or 6, broadly oblong. Disk of male of glands; of fem. broad, expanded, lobes broad emar- Blnate. Style-arms slender, straight. Capsule 4,—) in. diam., depressed globose, crustaceous, faintly 3-lobed. Seeds transversely rugulose on the back, striated in a radiating manner on the sides.—I find no means of distinguishing Mueller's var. genuinus and parvifolius. 26. P. simplex, Retz. Obs. v. 99; annual or suffruticose, quite gla- brous, branches compressed, leaves distichous 3-1 in. subsessile from linear to oblong-obovate elliptic and rounded obtuse acute or apiculate, stipules peltate subsagittate, fem. flowers on short or long pedicels, filaments free, anthers didymous, ovary smooth or pubescent granular, styles short free reflexed arms recurved, capsule minute smooth or sparsely echinate, seeds minutely tubercled. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 391. Throughout Inpra, in the plains and low hills from Kumaon to Assam and southward to TRAVANCOR, MaLAcoa and CEYLON, ascending the hills to 6000 ft.— DISTRIB. Malay Islands, China, Mongolia, Pacific Islands. , Stem either woody below with strict erect slender flattened leafy branches, or erect with Spreading branches, and 3 ft. high; or a low dwarf bush with fascicled terete branches and compressed branchlets. Zeaves sometimes distichously imbri- cating towards the ends of the branchlets, rather coriaceous and glaucous beneath; Petiole minute or 0; stipules very variable, entire or toothed or fimbriate. Flowers often 3-nate 2 males and 1 female, or more frequently the females solitary in the upper axils; males very minute, j in. diam., pedicel capillary y;—/5 in.; fem. on much longer stouter pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves. Sepals broadly oblong, fem. slightly enlarged in fruit, Disk of male of large rounded glands, of fem. annular. tyles variable in length. Capsule 4;—j in. diam. ; depressed globose, smooth, crus- taceous. Seeds 34 in. long, covered loosely with minute tubercles in irregular lines. —A most variable plant, of which Mueller has established four Indian varieties, differing greatly in their extreme forms, but connected by innumerable intermediates. To these add, us a fifth, his P. Miquelianus. P. SIMPLEX PROPER; stems many from a woody stock erect or ascending curved Or strict flattened, leaves usually narrow and long sometimes 1j in., fem. pedicels shorter than the leaves, P. simplex, Row, Fl. Ind. ii. 654; Wall. Cat. 7898 (eel. part of D); Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 234. P. anceps, Heyne in Vahl Symb. ii. 95.” P. virgatus, Herb. Madr. P. depressus, Herb. Russell. P. simplex, var. genuinus, Muell, l c. . ^R. oblongifolia, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 32, and in DC. l.c. ; stem erect wiusely branched, leaves 3—2 in. long elliptic-oblong subacute, fem. pedicels j-$ in. acraea oblongifolia, Wight Ic. t. 1902, f. 1. ? Melanthesa rupestris, M iquel F l. Ind. at. i. ii, 37 l.— Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon.—I can hardly distinguish this from Var. Gardneri i of Miquel's Melanthesa rupestris. riana. I have seen no specimens rt and in DC. Le. 992; usually ar. Gardneriana, Muell. Arg. in Linnea glabrous, branches very long and slender from a short stock, branchlets angular hardly compressed, Jeaves from linear to broadly oblong, male fl. often fascicled, styles slender, capsule smooth. P. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum: 282. P. Gardnerianus, Baill. Etudes 296 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [PAyllanthus. Gen. Euphorb. 628. P. Miquelianus, Muell. Arg. (l.c. P. fruticosus, Herb. Heyne, Wall. Cat. 7899 A. P. debilis, Wight mss. P. marginatus, Herb. Heyne. P. de- pressus, Herb. Russell. P. patens, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. No. 1130. Macraea Gardneriana & ovalifolia, Wight Ic.t. 1902, f. 3 and 4.—The Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, on the hills, alt. 3-6000 ft.— This is perhaps a different species; it is a taller, larger, more branched plant with longer hardly compressed branches, usually fascicled flowers and longer fem. pedicels and style-arms. It seems to be a hill plant. Var. pubescens; characters of var. Gardneriana, but whole plant more or less pubescent.— Ceylon, on the hills. 27. P. Macraei, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 29, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 393; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 1-1} in. subsessile broadly elliptic or oblong apiculate rounded at both ends, stipules subsagittate eltate, male fl. clustered shortly pedicelled, fem. pedicels equalling the eaves, filaments free, anthers didymous, ovary pubescent, styles free reflexed, seeds minutely tubercled on the back. Macraea Rheedii, Wight Ie. t. 1901. TRAVANCORE; Pulney Mts., Wight. I have seen no specimens of this, which may be a large-leaved form of P. simplex. ** Stipules simple, not peltately attached or semisagittate. + Shrubs. 28. P. myrtifolius, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 65; a rigid shrub, branch- lets suberect tips puberulous, leaves 1-1 in. shortly petioled coriaceous linear-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong obtuse or acute base narrowed cordate, stipules minute broad, pedicels slender fem. often equalling the leaves, filaments connate to the middle, anthers didymous, styles short reflexed arms recurved, capsule small, seeds minutely reticulate on the back. Mue il Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1.896 ; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 628; Thwaites Enum, 283. Macraea myrtifolia, Wight Ic. t. 1902, £. 2. CEYLON; on banks of rivers up to 1800 ft. A small shrub, with the habit of P. Roeperianus, but the branchlets are puberulous and terete, the leaves narrower, not glaucous beneath, with the margins not or hardly recurved, the very faint nerves are nearly horizontal, and the stipules minute. Flowers 75-7; in. diam., often clustered; pedicels capillary, of both sexes very p equal in length, sometimes equalling the leaves. Sepals broadly oblong; thick je fem. slightly enlarged in fruit and spreading. Disk of male of very large prex glands; of fem. an almost entire cup. Capsule depressed-globose, slightly 3-lobed, crustaceous. Seeds beautifully reticulated. 29. P. Leschenaultii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 37, and in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 398; shrubby, very slender, quite glabrous, leaves Alm petioled membranous elliptic-oblong obtuse base acute, nerves 6-8 pair a i tinct, pedicels much shorter than the leaves, filaments free, anthers didy- mous, styles short reflexed arms recurved, capsule minute, seeds ribbed. KnasrA Mrs. ; at Kullung Rock, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. (Phy lant, 22, Herb. I. O., Hf. § T.) Nien Hiris, Perrottet, Foulkes. th A shrub, 6-8 ft. Leaves very thin, dull green above when dry, glaucous ben i. nerves distinct on both surfaces ; petiole 2,--3, in., very slender; stipules ny Male fl. often 3-nate, very shortly pedicelled, 1, in. diam.; sepals oblong ; fl a glands large. Fem. fl. 4, in.; pedicel 4 in.; sepals slightly enlarged but not re ec in fruit; styles short, reflexed, arms recurved. Capsule 35 in. globose, smooth, ys as ceous, Seeds with distant very slender ribs.—Mueller describes the filamen Phyllanthus.] oxxxv. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 297 connate for 4 to 3 their length; I find them free, but in dried flowers of such excessive minuteness it is impossible to be precise, Mueller gives Khasia, 2-5000 ft., as the habitat of my specimens, but I suspect some mistake as to the 2000, for I found it ply at Kullung Rock ; it was perhaps confounded with the following in the distri- ution. 30. P. missionis, Hook.f; shrubby, quite glabrous, branches very slender, leaves 4—4 in. petioled very membranous elliptic acute at both ends or obovate obtuse or apiculate, stipules ovate oblong obtuse, flowers clus- tered or the fem. solitary pedicelled, sepals broad with broad white margins, filaments united 3 way up recurved, anthers reniform, styles erect and re- curved arms slender, capsule very small. P. tenellus, Wall. Cat. 7892 A and B in part. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne in Herb. Wallich. . . Stem strict, erect, terete, slender, stiff, leafy, branches ascending. Leaves 1 in. broad, very thin, hardly glaucous beneath; nerves 4-5 pair, spreading; petiole slender, 25` in.; stipules brown when dry, inserted by a broad base. . Flowers Zo~1z in. diam., males on unequal pedicels pgs in., of fem, } in., fruiting } in. diam., Spreading ; sepals thin, obtuse. Disk of male of large entire peltate glands, of fem. broadly lobed; anthers dehiscing across the top. Styles connate at the very base. Capsule } in. diam., smooth, depressed globose, obscurely lobed. Seeds not seen A very distinct species in the obtuse stipules, clustered flowers and longer styles no reflexed on the ovary, but rising up. 3l. P. Clarkei, Hook. f.; shrubby, branches woody, branchlets sca- berulous, leaves 1-3 in. petioled firm cuneate obovate or obcordate tip Tounded or retuse, nerves distinct, stipules membranous fimbriate, flowers Subsolitary, pedicels of male short of fem. almost equalling the leaves, aments very short recurved, anthers didymous cells separate, styles free teflexed, arms incurved. A SikKrw HIMALAYA, J. D. H.; at Catsuperri, alt. 6000 ft., Clarke. UPPER 88AM, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4801). : A rigid’ chest ; branches spreading branchlets grooved, stiff, le gles rongh. oues green when dry, paler beneath ; nerves 3—4 pair, slender ; petiole slender, y; in. lowers arising from minute clusters of bracts, 7s in. diam. ; pedicels of of e Ii J f and upwards, of fem. }-4 in. Sepals broadly oblong, rather thick. Disk ° mae M peltate entire glands, of fem. cupular obscurely lobed. Ovary globose ; sty I "found a arge, arms cylindric long but not slender.— Very distinct from all others. t fA wer similar species in Sikkim, but with sessile exactly elliptic leaves, but out o ? and fruit; Griffith has also, in bad state, what I take to be my Sikkim plant from Upper Assam and the Khasia Mts. . did 32. P. brevipes, Hook. f.; shrubby, quite glabrous, branches rigi leaves 1-3 in. petioled elliptic rA obovate-oblong subacute or obtuse, nerves distinct, stipules membranous fimbriate, flowers very shortly pedicelled from tufts of fimbriate bracts, filaments connate at the base, anthers didymous, styles minute reflexed 2-lobed, capsule minute, seeds striated. UPPER Assam ; Mishmi Hills, Griffith (Anisonema, Kew Distrib. 4821). A scraggy shrub, Griff. ; He De ding, bark brown, rather densely leafy, eaves pale grey green when dry, hardly paler beneath, thinly coriaceous, pase ack e, nerves distinct on both surfaces; petiole 4; in. ; stipules broadly ovate. oret M all the axils, usually solitary or a male and female together, jj in. diam.; pedicel male about as long, of fem. rather longer. Sepals of male broadly obovate, o 1 em. narrower, not enlarged, nor reflexed in fruit. Disk of male of orbicular g d it fem, deeply broadly 6-lobed. Capsule 3; in. diam., depressed-globose, 3-lobed, quite don Seeds with 5 dorsal striz, each of a series of hardly raised minute transverse ots, 298 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Phyllanthus +t Herbs. 33. P. pendulus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 663; biennial, suffruticose, erect, quite glabrous, branchlets filiform very long drooping, leaves } In. distichous subsessile narrowly elliptic-lanceolate acute, flowers axillary very shortly pedicelled springing from short peduncles clothed with decussata y imbricating entire bracts, anthers 3, filaments united above the middle, styles reflexed arms recurved. BENGAL; very rare, Roxburgh. les Stem 2-3 ft., branches twiggy. Leaves with red margins. Bracteate pedune | when fully grown half as long as the leaves ; bracts white, acute, membranous. Sepa f broadly ovate, acute, of female hardly enlarged and not reflexed in fruit. De a male broad, 6-lobed, of fem. crenate. Capsule +, in. depressed globose.—A remar pov plant, described from Roxburgh's Flora and his drawing at Kew. He states that e flowers are altogether like those of P. Niruri, but his figure of the sepals is very different, as aretheanthers. Mueller, probably by an oversight, says he has seen speci- mens, 34. P. Niruri, Linn. Sp. Pl.981; annual, quite glabrous, leaves ri in. membranous subsessile elliptic-obovate oblong or linear tip ron ad obtuse or acute, nerves few obscure, flowers minute shortly pedice ed, sepals 5-6, of male orbicular, anthers 3 sessile on a short column didymon’ styles minute very short free 2-lobed, capsule minute, seeds with et slender ribs and transverse strie. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxu. 43, ai in DC. Prodr. xv. ii: 406; Rowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 659; Grah. Cat. Bomb. : 180; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 234; Thwaites Enum. 282; Wall. Cat. 789 (excl. part of A); Wight Ic. t. 1894. P. urinaria, Herd. Russ. P. Lor phali, Herb. Madr. P. polyphyllus, Herb. Wight. Nymphanthus Niruri, D] Lour. Fl. Coch. 545.— Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 93.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t- 15. Throughout the hotter parts of India; from the PANJAB to AssaM, und southward to TRAYANCOR, MaraccA and CEYLON, ascending the hills to 3000 ft, —DISTRIB. Tropics generally, except Australia. A weed, 6-18 in. high, branched from the base, with an erect stem naked — and slender leafy angular branches above. Zeaves variable, pale green, ofte ý distichously imbricating, glaucous beneath ; petiole minute; stipules subulate. F touer very numerous, males solitary and 2-nate 2, in. diam., almost sessile; fem. Ts aite diam. Sepals of male orbicular, of fem. narrowly obovate-oblong with broad w ds; margins, not enlarged in fruit, spreading, not reflexed. Disk of male of minute glands; of fem. annular, lobed. Capsule 3;—j3 in. diam., depressed-globose, smooth, ha » lobed, thinly crustaceous. Seeds with equal parallel slender ribs and faint cross sn of —As Mueller observes, Thomson’s specimens (from Moradabad) have hirtellous tips the branchlets ; this is just as in P. urinaria and scabrifolius. 35. P. nanus, Hook. f., annual, quite glabrous, stems rigid short prostrate or ascending, leaves ġ in. petioled oblong obtuse, nerves obscu™ flowers very minute shortly pedicelled, sepals ovate-oblong outer acut anthers sessile on a short column didymous, styles minute free reflexed very short, capsules minute, seeds with strong parallel and transverse ribs. BURMA ; at Tsegau, Griffith. : d re- Root stout, tortuous, woody. Stem or branches 4-8 in., with spreading an ris curved leafy slender branchlets. eaves the smallest of Indian species, rather Pis ceous, base rounded; nerves 3-4 pair, obscure; petiole minute; stipules mi" subulate. Flowers very minute; males 4i in. diam., fem. 45 with a thickened with about as long, in fruit 5i. in. diam., and not reflexed. Sepals 5-6, coriaceous i pale margins. Disk in both sexesof glands ; glands of male pedicelled ; of fem. erect. Styles thick, 2-lobed. Capsule 4 in. diam., globose, smooth, crusta Phyllanthws.] cxxxv. EvPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 299 Seeds much more strongly ribbed than in its allies.— This resembles a minute rigid branched Niruri, and has similar styles, but is smaller in all its parts with differently ribbed seeds. 96. P. debilis, Herb. Ham.; annual quite glabrous, leaves i-1 in. very membranous elliptic or obovate obtuse or acute, nerves 4-5 pair very obscure, pedicels much shorter than the leaves, sepals with broad mem- branous margins, filaments very short free, anthers didymous, styles short reflexed arms recurved, capsule minute, seeds ribbed. P. tenellus, Wall. Cat. 7892 G. NonrH-WzsT INDIA, Royle. SIKKIM and BnorAN HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., Griffith, &c. BEHAR and Hazaribagh, Hamilton, Clarke. Assam and Kuasia MTS., Jenkins, &c., alt, 2-4000 ft, J. D. H. 4 T. T. DECCAN PENINSULA, Herb. G. Thomson.—Di1sTnIP. Trop. Africa. An erect very slender herb, 1-3 ft. high; stem terete, naked below, branched above, branches slender, Leaves pale green when dry, glaucous beneath, base usually acute; petiole ;i- in. and less; stipules membranous, lanceolate. Male fl. 3. in. 12 diam., very shortly pedicelled; sepals obovate-oblong; disk-glands stellately lobed ; filaments recurved. Fem. fl. Jy in. diam., fruiting å in. diam. ; sepals as in the male, but much larger, spreading in fruit. Capsule 4, in. diam., coriaceous. Seeds with irregular slender ribs.—Near P. Leschenaultii, but a much more slender and annual plant with smaller leaves, few faint nerves and much larger fem. flowers. Much nearer P. Niruri, but the leaves, fruit and flowers are much larger, the ribs of the seed irregular, the style-arms longer and recurved, and the disk-glands of the male lobulate.— The true P. tenellus is a Mauritian plant, cultivated in Calcutta, and is Wallich’s 7892 A, the left-hand specimen only, and is pentandrous. It is figured in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 1569. 37. P. rotundifolius, Klein in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 584; annual, quite glabrous, stems many rigid ascending from the woody root branched, leaves 4-t in. subsessile coriaceous orbicular or broadly obovate tip rounded or apiculate nerves obsolete, flowers minute males sessile fem. very shortly pedicelled, anthers subsessile reniform, styles minute free 2-lobed, seeds with equal slender ribs and cross strie. Muell. Arg. in Innnea xxxn. 43, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 405. P. bacciformis & rotundifolius, Herb. Madr.; Wall. Cat. 7896 B. P. Niruri, Wall. Cat. 7895 A (in part). P. tenellus, Wall. Cat. 7892 A (in part), C. DECCAN PENINSULA, Klein; Coromandel coast, Roxburgh, Wight, &c. CEYLON, at Ballicaloa, Gardner.-—DISTRIB. Arabia, Trop. Africa. Stems many, 6-24 ft., stiff, terete ; branchlets compressed or angular, angles Sometimes minutely hirtellous. Zeaves pale when dry, glaucous beneath i . Ped minute; stipules minute, subulate. Male fl. 3; in. diam., very shortly pedicelled ; fem, igin.; fruiting } in. diam., spreading ; pedicel stout, not half as long as the leaf. Sepals oblong-obovate, with a broad white margin. Disk of male of minute glands, of fem. annular. Capsule 34—, in. diam., depressed-globose, smooth, scarcely lobed.—Mueller gives Assam as a locality, but the specimen so marked from Col. Jenkins is probably from the Caleutta Gardens. 38. P. scabrifolius, Hook. f.; annual, erect, stem and branches angular and leaves beneath Hoek iba leaves }-} in. subsessile broadly elliptic or obovate tip rounded nerves distinct, flowers very shortly pedi- celled, stipules lanceolate serrate, filaments short united to the middle tips recurved, anthers reniform, styles free short reflexed arms recurved, capsule Smooth, seeds with 7-9 dorsal ribs and faint transverse striz. The Concan, Stocks. A leafy herb, 6-10 in., copiously branched from the base and upwards; stem 300 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phyllanthus. and primary branches stout, ultimate short, all angled; the angles as well as the leaves beneath hispidulous with white hairs. Leaves pale when dry, rather thick, nerves 4-5 pair distinct on both surfaces ; petiole minute ; stipules white, membranous, lanceolate. Male fl. 4^. in. diam., fem. rather larger, pedicels of both 41;—; in. Sepals oblong obtuse with broad white margins; fem. a little enlarged and reflexed after fruiting. Disk of male of rounded glands; of fem. a low crenate cup; anther-cells at length confluent. Capsule} in., depressed globose, 3-lobed, minutely granulate. Seeds very broad, sides with concentric ribs.—A very distinct plant, near P. Nirurt, but with scaberulous branches and leaves, much larger flower and fruit, reflexed sepals after fruiting, and very different seeds. Sect. VII. REIDI (see p. 286). * Leaves 2-5 in. Sepals entire or lacerate. Ovary glabrous, smooth. . 89. P. elegans, Wall. Cat. 7926; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 3-4 in. ovate- or oblong-lanceolate finely acuminate, male fl. shortly pedicelled in clusters on the branches, fem. in terminal racemes, sepals of male 4 of fem. 6 all lacerate, fruit smooth. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 46, and in. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 420. TENASSERIM; at Moolmayne, Mergui and Amherst, Wallich, &c. Branches terete. Leaves coriaceous, glaucous or brown beneath, base acute or rounded, margins recurved; nerves 5-6 pair, very faint; petiole ~} in. ; stipules subulate. Male fl. 3, in. diam., densely clustered; pedicels 7,-} in., capillary; sepals 4, fimbriate; glands cup-shaped; anthers 2, didymous. em. fl. solitary m the axils of lanceolate bracts forming a terminal distichous raceme ; flowering pedicels 4 in., fruiting 1-14 in.; sepals 6, unequal, lacerate, equalling the male in flower, fruiting much enlarged. Fruit } in. diam. or more; cocci coriaceous. Seeds } in. long, finely transversely striolate. 40. P. Baillonianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 47, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 422; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 11-2 in. ovate acuminate pale beneath, male fl. axillary long-pedicelled solitary or few together, fem. axillary and in terminal racemes, sepals entire, fruit smooth. Epistylium cordifolium, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 648. E. latifolium, Thwaites Enum. 283 (excl. syn.). . CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 2-4000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. A bush, 3-4 ft., branches terete. Leaves membranous, green when dry, base un- equal rounded rarely subcordate, often marbled with broad white or brown beneath; ' nerves 10-12 pair, very spreading ; petiole 1, in. ; stipules minute, subulate. Male fl- iin. diam. ; pedicels capillary, 3-4 in. ; sepals 4, orbicular, entire; disk of 2 very large dilated reniform fleshy tuberculate lobes; anthers forming 2-lipped ends of à fleshy cross. Fem. fl. much smaller, axillary or from an axillary short bracteate peduncle; sepals concave, entire, much enlarged in fruit; disk large, dilated, fleshy, convex, tubercled, 6-lobed; styles short, cleft to the base into slender segments. Fruit X in. long. Seeds } in. long.— The disk is very remarkable. This is certainly not the Travancore plant figured by Wight (Ic. t. 1904, f. 3 (2 in text) as Rea latifolia. 4l. P. Roxburghii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 47, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 420; shrubby, branches crisply puberulous, leaves glabrous 1-3} in. lanceolate subacute or acuminate, male and fem. fl. densely fas cicled in the axils or on the branchlets, pedicels of both capillary, sepals ? male pectinately fimbriate of fem. serrate, ovary smooth. P. tetran Ej Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 674; Wall. Cat. 7936. Epistylium Roxburghii, Baw". Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 648. Phyllanthus.? CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 301 SILHET, Roxburgh, Wallick. Branches slender, terete, rusty-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, green when dry above, pale beneath, base rounded or cuneate ; nerves 7-10 pair, very faint; petiole J. in. ; stipules subulate, caducous. Flowers very numerous in the clusters, red, males 51, in. diam., with pedicels } in., females towards the ends of thejbranchlets, 1g in. diam., pedicels stouter. Disk-glands of male reniform, of fem. larger 2-lobed. Fruit 1 in. diam., depressed, deeply 3-lobed, cocci thinly crustaceous. 42. P. acutus, Wall. Cat. 7931; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 1}-2 in. obliquely ovate acute unequal-sided, male fl. from short bracteate peduncles solitary axillary, fem. in terminal racemes, sepals of male 4 of fem. 6 of both ovate obtuse entire, disk of both sexes orbicular deeply lobed, 493 Y glabrous. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 75, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. PENANG ? Finlayson. . Branches smooth, terete; branchlets very slender, long, ascending. eaves thinly coriaceous when dry, dark greenish-brown above, pale brown beneath ; nerves 6-8 patr, very faint; petiole and stipules minute. Male fl. 3 in. diam.; pedicel capillary, iin, bracteate, peduncle 44 in.; sepals membranous, fruiting about 3 in. long. Fem. fi, and fruit not seen.— Wallich's solitary specimen is in a very imperfect, state. Mueller gives Penang as the locality, but Wallich’s ticket gives only * Herb. Finlayson.” 43. P. macrocalyx, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 48, and in DC. Prodr, xv. ii, 493 ; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 15-3 in. elliptic or oblong acute, flowers very large axillary solitary, sepals entire of fem. greatly enlarged in fruit, ovary glabrous. P Reidia latifolia, Wight Ic. t. 1904, £. 2 J error 3, see text), Drocan PENINSULA ; Shevagherry Hills, Wight; Bababoodan Hills, Law. , Much branched, branches terete. Leaves spreading, thinly coriaceous, more or 8s glaucous beneath, base rounded; nerves 6-8 pair, very slender; petiole yy in.; stipules lanceolate, caducous. Male fl. in the lower axils, } in. diam. ; pedicels } in., slender ; sepals broadly oblong; disk greatly dilated, 4-lobed, fleshy, tuberculate. Fem, f. 4 in. diam., pedicels 3 in., thickened upwards; sepals orbicular-oblong ; disk broadly saucer-shaped, fleshy, granular; styles reflexed, 2.fid to the middle. ruiting sepals $by Lin. Fruit not seen ripe. The disk is of the same character "SP. Baillonianus. — 41. P. &omphocarpus, Hook. f: ; shrubby, branchlets and petioles Scurfily rusty-pubescent, leaves 1-4 in. obliquely ovate or ovate lanceolate acuminate base acute or cuneate sides very unequal, male fl. minute panic e Pedicels short capillary sepals ovate fimbriate, fem. large solitary very long E j in. l subglobose 3-lobed lobes inflated” » Sepals denticulate, capsule 1 iv. long subg A shrub, 6 ft.; branchlets long, slender. Leaves membranous, quite glabrous ; Fons 6-8 pair, very slender ; petiolo jy in. Male fl. 5 -4 in. diam. ; pedicel js in. th Ste in. diam. ; pedicel 14-2 in.; stigmas minute. Seeds small for the size of a Pule, 1 in, long, curved, trigonous; testa pale brown, transversely rugose d: Re llied to the Sumatran P. gracilipes, Muell., but the leaves, pedicels and ovary glabrous, ** Leaves 1-13 in., pinnately arranged. ;, $ Ovary and fruit glabrous, smooth. Sepals toothed or laciniate, except ae. longiflorus. 4. P. pulcher, Wall. Cat. 7908; leafing branches pubescent on one 302 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Phyllanthus. side, leaves 3 in. glaucous erect imbricating obliquely obovate-oblong acute or apiculate, flowers solitary, male and fem. subequal, pedicels capillary, sepals laciniate, ovary smooth. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 49, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 421. P. pallidifolius, Muell. Arg. in DO. 1. c. 424. P. Zollingeri, Muell. Arg. in Linnea l. c. 47. P. pallidus, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 983 (under Zollingeri). Epistylium pulchrum & glaucescens, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 648. Reidia glaucescens, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ù. 374; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5437. Eriococcus glaucescens, Morr. 4 Zoll. mss. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay. SINGAPORE, Murton, &c. PENANG, Wallich, Curtis.— DISTRIB. Siam, Java. . Branches very stout, strict, terete, branchletsslender. Leaves subsecund, margins somewhat thickened, nerves very obscure; stipules ovate-lanceolate, some with long flexuous points. Pedicels }-1 ïn., males in the lower axils. Flowers } in. diam., white with a purple eye; sepals deeply lacerate. Disk of male of 4 reniform glands, of fem, thick annular crenate ; styles cleft to the base into 2 filiform segments. Fruit not seen. 46. P. longiflorus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7905; shrubby, quite gla- brous, leaves 4—# in. obliquely oblong or obovate-oblong subacute or apicu- late, flowers subsolitary, pedicels slender, sepals entire of male ovate-oblong of fem. lanceolate obtuse, staminal column long slender, ovary smooth. Heyneanus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii.49. P. nephradenius, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 423. P. tenellus, Wall. Cat. 7892 B. Episty lium phyllanthoides, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 648. ? Reidia ovalifolia, Wight Jc. 1904, f. 3 (by error 2 in text). DECCAN PENINSULA, Heyne. Travancore, at Courtallam, Wight. Branchlets slender, spreading. Leaves spreading, unequal-sided, pale brown when dry, glaucous beneath; nerves very faint; petiole minute; stipules very minute. Male fl. } in. diam. ; pedicel rather longer, capillary ; sepals membranous. Fem. fi. } in. diam. ; pedicels stouter, } in.; disk small; styles divided to the base into slender arms, Fruit } in. long, smooth.—Heyne's name of longiflorus, in allusion to the narrow fem. sepals, which are conspicuously elongate when reflexed from the fruit, 15 unobjectionable. Mueller has referred Wight’s Reidia ovalifolia to ‘this, but the leaves on the branch figured are not only (as Wight observes) too small, but far too narrow ; the separate leaf at fig. 8 is more acuminate, but the petiole is much too long ; the ovary does not taper into the styles, and the male disk is annular and 4-lobed, not of separate glands removed from the staminal column as in its allies. More specimens are required to clear up this point. 47. P. anabaptizatus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii 421 ; leafing branches obscurely puberulous, leaves 4 in. sessile erect imbricating obliquely oblong obtuse or apiculate, flowers axillary solitary, males 00 short fem. on long pedicels, sepals of male orbicular subentire of fem. broadly ovate irregularly toothed, anthers with transverse dehiscence, ovary smooth. P. zeylanicus, Muell. in Linnea xxxii. 49. Reidia polyphylla, Wight Te. t. 1904, f. 4. Epistylium polyphyllum, Zhwaites Enum. 283. E- zeylanicum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 648. CEYLON; Adams Peak, alt. 5000 ft.. Thwaites. A low shrub. Branches stout, strict, terete; branchlets slender, jointed on the branch. Leaves sometimes somewhat falcate, nerves obscure ; stipules entire, minute, ovate-lanceolate. Male fl. 1; in. diam., pedicels } in., disk of 4 glands; fem. $ ™ diam., pedicels 4 in., disk annular, crenate. Styles cleft to the base into 2 slender segments, Fruit 2 in. diam., quite smooth. 48. P. fimbriatus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 47, and in D C. Phyllanthus.] cxxxv. EvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 303 Prodr. xv. ii. 422; quite glabrous, leaves spreading 1-13 in. ovate acuminate, flowers all in axillary clusters male and female together, sepals lacerately toothed, anthers with transverse dehiscence, ovary smooth. Reidia fim- briata, Wight Ic. t. 1904, f. 1. NirenurRI Hiris; on the western slopes, Wight. Quite glabrous. Leaves 13-2 by j-$ in., base obtuse, minutely pellucid-punctate, reticulately veined; stipules of the branches triangular ovate scarious brown, of the branchlets triangular-lanceolate longer acuminate. Pedicels of the male fl. half as long as the leaves. Outer sepals of the female not entire as in Wight's figure, but hardly tess lacerately toothed than the outer. Male disk of orbicular glands; fem. an entire cup. Styles erect.—I do not recognize this plant in Wight’s Herbarium (in Herb. Hook.), where Mueller states that he saw it; he says the habit is that of P. Baillonianus, but that the leaves are hardly inzquilateral, and the sepals are not entire, 49. P. oreophilus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii 49, and in DU. Prodr, xv. ii. 421 ; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves 4-3 in. broadly unequally oblong very unequal-sided subacute or apiculate, flowers axillary subsohtary, males minute pedicels equalling the leaves, anthers with transverse slits, em. larger pedicels much exceeding the leaves, sepals of males 4 of fem. 6 all broad irregularly toothed, disk of male of 4 glands, of fem. urceolate, ovary and fruit smooth. Epistylium montanum, Thwaites Enum. 283. CEYLON; Central Province, Horton Plains, alt. 6-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. Branches long, slender, terete, smooth ; branchlets very slender. Leaves very membranous, dark brown when dry, base acute or rounded; nerves 5-6 pair, very faint; petiole and subulate stipules minute. Male f. yg in. diam., of fem. larger. fruit } in. diam. ; cocci thinly crustaceous.—Closely resembles P. affinis, differing ìn the smooth fruit. The specimens are very indifferent. tt Fruit hirsute tubercled or scabrid. 50. P. Wightianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 47, and in DC. Prodr, xy. ii. 425; shrubby, branchlets and leaves beneath tomentose, leaves 1-1 in. close-set drooping obliquely oblong acute or apiculate, flowers solitary axillary pubescent, males minute shortly pedicelled fem. long- Pedicelled, sepals entire ciliate, disk of separate glands in both sexes, anthers ovary and fruit scurfily scabrid. P. obliquus, Wall. Cat. 7947. Reidia floribunda, Wight Ic. t. 1903. Bradleia obliqua, Herb. Wight. NILGRIRI and Purxxy Hirrs, Wight, Perrottet. ranches terete, scarred ; branchlets long, spreading and upcurved. Leaves mem- Tanous, unequal -sided, pale green when dry, paler or glaucous beneath, puberulous above, base rounded or cuneate, rarely subeordate ; nerves 5-6 pair, very obscure ; Petiole and stipules minute. Male fl. 1, in. diam., pedicel } in., capillary ; sepals 4, ‘neeolate, ciliate ; disk-glands truncate. Fem. fl. }in.diam.; pedicels 3 in., slender ; lanceolate, obtuse; disk-glands cuneate, 2-lobed ; ovary pubescent ; styles with the base in two slender arms. Capsule à in. diam., subsquamosely birsute th rusty short unequal bristles, cocci crustaceous, Seeds smooth.—Wight describes e flowers as fascicled, but figures them, as I find them, solitary. 9l. P, cinereus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 48, and in DC. Prodr. RA u. 425; shrubby, branchlets tomentose, leaves }-$ in. broadly obliquely ep) Unequal-sided or orbicular acute or apiculate pubescent beneath Parsely above, flowers solitary axillary, pedicels of male shorter of fem. ger than the leaves, sepals ovate entire, ovary hairy, capsule rough with minute tubercles, Epistylium floribundum, Thwaites Enum. 283 (in part, ezel. syng.), VOL, v, x 304 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Phyllanthus. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 3—5000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. 2531). Branches slender, smooth, terete ; branchlets upeurved, finely tomentose. Leaves as in P. Wightianus, but less pubescent beneath, almost black above when dry and glaucous beneath ; nerves 5-6 pair, very faint ; petiole minute; stipules ovate-lanceo- late. Male fl. 4; in. diam ;pedicel } in., capillary ; sepals membranous, ovate-oblong, ciliate; disk-glands very large concave stipitate. Fem. fl. larger; sepals glabrous. Fruit about } in. long ; cocci thinly crustaceous. Seeds quite smooth. 52. P. affinis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 48, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 495; shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves ł-1 in. obliquely oblong acute o! apiculate, flowers solitary axillary glabrous, males minute shortly pedi- celled, sepals rounded obscurely toothed, disk-glands of male large lobulate, ovary and fruit densely hirsute with rough hairs. Epistylium floribundum, Thwaites Enum. 283 (in part). CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3-5000 ft. Very similar in habit, foliage and flowers to P. Wightianus, but the fruit is densely clothed with much longer rough hairs. 53. P. Hamiltonianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 75, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 424; shrubby, slender, branchlets and leaves beneatk puberulous, leaves 1-13 in. elliptic or broadly ovate obtuse or acute mem- branous glaucons beneath, male fl. small long-pedicelled in axillary fascicles. fem. on longer pedicels axillary and in terminal racemes, sepals pubesceni at the back male 4 fem. 6 all fimbriate, fruit scabridly hispid. P. sikkim- ensis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 48, and in DC. l. c. 425. Agyneia tetrandra, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 125; Wall. Cat. 7951. AssaM, Hamilton. StkK1M HIMALAYA, alt. 1-2000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. A small bush, branches terete. Leaves very membranous, pale green when dry, paler beneath, base cuneate or rounded, nerves 5-7 pair very faint; petiole jg in. stipules ovate and subulate, caducous. Male fl. ji, in. diam.; pedicels capillary. 15-4 in., springing from minute clusters of bracts; sepals rounded, deeply toothed; disk dilated, deeply 4-lobed ; staminal column very short. Fem. fl. 3 in. diam.; pedicel very slender, longer than the leaves, curved. Sepals less deeply toothed than in the male, hardly enlarged in fruit; disk saucer-shaped; ovary 4-celled ; styles 4, subulate, erect. Fruit 3 in. diam., globose, rufous with rough hairs ; cocci crus- teens Mueller describes the sepals of the fem. as entire, but I find them strongly toothed. Sect. VIII. Crcca (see p. 287). 54. P. distichus, Mue/l. Avg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 4135; a tree. quite glabrous, with very robust branches and slender leafy branch- lets, leaves pinnately distichous 2-3 in. petioled obliquely ovate acute. flowers minute densely clustered, clusters axillary or in slender racemes from the thick branches shortly pedicelled. Beddome Forester’s Man. 191. t, Cheremila, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 114. P. longifolius, Jacq. Hort. Schenbr. Y. 36, t. 194; Roawb, Fl. Ind. in. 672. P. Cicca, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi 50. P.tetrandrus, Wall.Cat. 7930. Cicca disticha, Linn. Mant. 194 ; Lamk. Ill. ii. t. 757, f. 1; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.180; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL. Suppl. 78; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 353.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 47, 48. In Gardens throughout INDIA.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands, Madagascar. A deciduous tree, 20-30 ft.; brauches as thick as the finger; bark very rough, grey ; leafy branchlets 1-2 ft., terete below, angular above. Leaves rather mem branous; pale beneath, base usually rounded ; nerves 5-8 pair, arched; petiole ;5 s stipules toothed. Flowers most densely clustered, 4, in. diam., occasionally 2-sexun > sometimes 3—4-merous ; pedicels capillary, 3-3 in. Sepals orbicular. Disk of male Phyllanthus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 305 of large glands; of fem. annular, crenate. Stamens recurved ; anthers shortly oblong, slits lateral. Ovary ovoid, styles reflexed from the contracted top 2-partite, arms subulate, acute. Fruit globose, fleshy, acid, **3-4-lobed, generally 6-8-grooved, nut 3-4-parted, parts 1-celled, l.seeded," Roxb.—I have not seen the fruit. Mueller Sires it as at length a 4-coccous capsule, Kurz as sappy with a 3-4-celled putamen. Sect. IX. Prosorvs (see p. 287). 55. P. indicus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 52, and in DC. Prodr. Xv. 1i. 417 ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or elliptic obtuse or acute at both ends or broadly oblong and obtuse, male fl. 35 in. diam., stamens short broad, ruit jin. diam. Beddome Forester's Man. 191. Progorus indica, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1852) 346; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 236 ; Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 299, t. 10 C, fig. 3-6, and viii. (1856) 272, aud Enum, 98]. P. Stocksii, Muell. Arg. in. Linnea l. c. 5l, and in DC. l.c P. anomalus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 52, and in DC. l. e. 418. P. ysteranthus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 52. Cicca anomala, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 619. Flueggea major, Baill. l. c. 593, and Rec, Obs. Bot, ii. 49. Securinega hysterantha, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 278. Bridelia Berryana, Wail. Cat. 7876, 7960. Deccan PENINSULA; Courtallam, Berry; on the Ghats of Concan and Canara Stocks, &c. CEYLON, common in the central and southern forests, Thwaites. A deciduous tree, 30—40 ft.; branches terete, with white spots. Leaves mem- Tanous, 23-6 by 14-3 in., distichous, very variable in shape, sometimes acuminate, glaucous, nerves 6-10 pair; petiole i in.; stipules lanceolate, subserrate. Male fl. fascicled in the axils and on the branches, green; pedicels 1-3 in., capillary; fem. nger, solitary or fascicled, pedicel 4-1 in.,stout. Sepals 4, rarely 5; 2 outer largest. isk of male large, of fem. very narrow. -Anthers subsessile on exserted filaments. rut depressed spherical, obtusely trigonous, epicarp brown; cocci white, thin. Seeds blue.—I do not know what authority Mueller has for implying that Wallich’s specimens are from Madagascar ; his No. 7876 is introduced into the Calcutta rden from Courtallam by Dr. Berry, and his No. 7960 is simply marked as from the aleutta Garden. The plant no doubt extends from Canara to Ceylon. Mueller cites allich’s Bridelia Berryana under both P.anomalus and cyanospermus. Possibly * discoideus of Tropical Africa is a form with smaller fruit. P 56. P. cyanospermus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 51, and in DC. rodr. xv, ii, 416 (excl. citations of Wallich), quite glabrous, leaves elliptic- 1 2ceolate acute at both ends, male fl. } in. diam., stamens long linear, fruit in. diam. Beddome Forester's Man. 191. Prosorus cyanosperma, Thwaites "um, 281. p, Gærtneri, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vii. (1856) 272. ; mdicus, Thwaites l. c. (1854) t. 10 C, figs. 1, 2, 7-10. Cicca Gærtneriana, hwaiteg in Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 619. Zygospermum zeylanicum, Waites ex Baill. l. c. 620, t. 97, £. 11. Croton ? cyanospermus, Gertn. ruct. ii. 120, t. 107. virion ; in the Ambagamowa and Ratnapoor districts, Thwaites. u metallis like p. indicus, but with larger flowers and fruit. The seeds are of a brilliant am ic blue, —Mueller has repeated under this species the citations of Wallich which Wal nroduced under his P. anomalus; he probably (rightly) intended to refer ty ich's Bridelia Berryana to P. indicus, but accidentally introduced it under P. anospermus, 11. GLOCHIDION, Forst. qui ergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, shortly petioled, entire. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, monoecious B dicecious, X 306 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glochidion. apetalous, eglandular (without disk-scales or glands). Mate rr. Sepals 6, rarely 5, spreading in 2 series, imbricate. Anthers 3-8, connate in an ellips- oid or oblong sessile column with linear cells, dehiscence extrorse, connective produced into separate points or connate in an umbonate head. Pistillode 0, or very rarely minute and hidden between the anthers. Fem. FL. Calyz usually ‘of 6 short imbricate sepals, or shortly tubular and unequally toothed or cleft. Ovary 3-15-celled ; styles connate in a globose columnar conical or subclavate column lobed or toothed at the tip, or 3 slender free in § Glochidiopsis, sometimes obscure or confluent with the top of the ovary, usually lengthening during or after the flowering; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule of 3 or more 2-valved cocci, often with twice as many lobes as cells, globose or orbicular and depressed or intruded at the base and top, crowned by the often enlarged style; cocci coriaceous or crustaceous, epicarp sepa- rable or not. Seeds hemispherical or laterally compressed, testa crustaceous with often a succulent coat, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat.—Species about 120, tropical and chiefly Asiatic. I find it is inexpedient to follow Mueller (in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 278) and Bentham (Gen. Plant. iii. 272) in reducing Glochidion to a section of Phyllanthus, from which it differs in the total absence of a disk, in habit, and in the singular modification of its styles and stigmas, Further, by keeping it distinct I comply with the wishes of Indian Botanists, whose opinion it is of importance to consult in regard to the no- menclature of so very large and universally distributed an Indian genus. The only deviation in any Indian species from the stylar characters of Glochidion as here limited occurs in the small section Glochidiopsis of Mueller, on which Blume founded the genus Glochidionopsis, and in which the styles are filiform and nearly free. I add with regret, that my long and laborious study of the Indian species has resulted in their very unsatisfactory limitation and disposition, Mueller’s primary division of Glochidion proper, based on the number of anthers, whether 3 or more, is a purely artificial one, and followed here only because I have detected no other £0 generally recognizable. The form of the style offers a far better character, but 1$ very difficult of application, because of its minuteness and deceptive nature, owing to the great changes which it undergoes during its rapid development after flowering. I would urge on Indian botanists a study of this organ in living specimens, and the making careful drawings of it in all stages of growth, particularly observing the period of impregnation. Lastly, I have to acknowledge my frequent inability to identify the Indian species with the described Malayan Archipelago ones, from want of good materials of the latter and the vagueness of their descriptions. ‘The form 0 the capsule, globose, or orbicular with depressed base or crown, is a guide to affinities, though often an obscure one. The female calyx, toothed or partite into sepals, 18 also, I think, a good character, but it is not, when minute, easily observed in dri specimens. I have to acknowledge gratefully the loan of specimens from the Directors of the Botanical Gardens of Calcutta and Ceylon, which have helped me much, KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES. Sect. 1. GLOCHIDION PROPER. Styles confluent into a cone or column which is lobed toothed or notched at the tip. A. Anthers 4 or more. See also 28. obscurum, 38. assamicum, and 55. villicaule (sometimes 3 in 16. fagifolium and 17. braehylobum). * Female calyx of 5-6 distinct sepals. + Capsule depressed-globose, distinctly lobed, base and apex intruded. S $ Ovary 8-12-celled; style a very broad shallow cone, with a hollowed vertex.— p. 1-3. 88 Ovary 4—8-celled : style conical from a very broad base, as long as OF longer than the ovary.—Sp. 4-7. Glochidion.] cxxxv. gvrmonPrAcEx. (J. D. Hooker.) 307 888 Ovary 3-8-celled ; style cylindric linear or subclavate.—Sp. 8-10. t Capsule globose or depressed, terete or very obscurely lobed or angled, not deeply intruded at the base and apex.—Sp. 11-15. ** Female calyx 4—6-lobed or -toothed , usually unequally. Style globose, small.— Sp. 16-19, B. Anthers 3, rarely 4 or 5 in 28. obscurum, and 38. assamicum, and 55. villicaule (see also 16. fagifolium and 17. brachylobum). * Female calyx unequally 4—6-lobed or toothed. Capsule in all depressed-globose, lobed, and intruded at the crown. t Style in the flower globose.— Sp. 20-24. Tf Style cylindric conical or clavate.—Sp. 25-27. ** Female calyx of 6 free sepals. T Capsule globose or depressed-globose, faintly angled or lobed, not deeply intruded at base and apex.—Sp. 28, 29. tt Capsule depressed globose, deeply lobed, intruded at the base and apex. § Style in flower globose or broadly conic, broader than the ovary (doubtful in 32. smocarpum) .—Sp. 30-33. §§ Style in flower very minute.—Sp. 34-36. $88 Style in flower short, columnar or clavate, not much exceeding the sepals. T Leaves usually quite glabrous.—Sp. 37-43. TT Leaves usually pubescent or tomentose beneath.—Sp. 44-47. $8$$ Style in flower greatly exceeding the sepals.—Sp. 48-55. Sect. IT. Grocurprorsrs. Styles 3, filiform. Female sepals very unequal, 2 very much the largest, — Sp. 56-58. l. G. multiloculare, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 59; glabrous or puberulous, leaves 3-5 in. oblong linear-oblong or obovate glaucously pur- plish beneath, nerves strong, male fl. small shortly pedicelled, anthers 4-12, im. fl. large stoutly pedicelled, sepals 8-12 broad spreading and revolute, style a flattened glabrous cone with a hollowed top crowning the depressed : 15-celled glabrous or villous ovary, capsule very large depressed 10-1 3 obed. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 343. Phyllanthus multilocularis, Muell. Arg. in Flora (1865) 370, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 279. Bradleia multilocularis, Bog 7 Syst. ii. 19; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 696; Wall. Cat. 7864. B. pubera, ozb., Wall. Cat. 7870. B. nitida, Wall. Cat. 7867. B. philippinensis, Ham., all. Cat. 7871 iin part. Agyneia multilocularis, Willd. in Neue Schrift. Gesseloh. Naturf. Freund. iv. (1803) 206, and Sp. Pl. iv. 509. A. pubera, erb. Madr. t The GANGETIO PLAIN from Ov»n, N. Behar, and the Sikkim Terai, eastwards ? ÁS8AM, SILHET and UPPER Burma, and southwards to the CrgCARS. branchlets L n evergreen tree, with usually drooping branches and angular n ane bove “Caves thinly coriaceous, obtuse or subacute, apiculate, often green or ye ow above st en dry, beneath brown purplish or glaucous; nerves 5-8 pair, anc n fece: raight, Cross-nervules raised beneath, and usually distinct also in the upper » tout! petiole Yo in., stout; stipules triangular-ovate, cuspidate. Male Jt; pedicels etives ns; Perianth } in, diam.; sepals oblong ; anthers adnate to the middle, Donec ive sligy short, fF, em. fl. stoutly pedicelled, 3 in. diam. ; style low, broad, Mk with ote t furrows, Capsules orbicular, stoutly pedicelled, 3-1 in. diam., mE on thi üpled by a concave rayed adnate disk which is the remains of the A e; ep fro P y D reddish separating from the coriaceous cocci, which again usually fall away from * compressed seeds that persist on the axis, and have a fleshy orange-red coat. 308 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glochidion. 2. G. littorale, Blume Bijd. 585; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 " coriaceous orbicular or broadly obovate tip rounded, male fl. shortly pe 1 celled, sepals elliptie, anthers 5-6, fem. fl. larger subsessile stoutly pedicelled, sepals very broad, ovary 10-12-celled subglobose glabrous or pubescent gra- dually narrowed into the broad short conical truncate crenulate style, cap sule large orbicular depressed 10-14-lobed with the minute conical sty on the flat or depressed apex. Beddome Foresters Man. 191 ; Miquel Ft. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 377, and Suppl. 449. Phyllanthus littoralis, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii (1865) 370, and in DC. Prodr. xv.ii.280. Bradleia littorea, Steud. Nomencl. 222. B. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 7869. Agyneia impubes, Herb. Madr. } — Wall. Cat. 7990 in part. MALABAR; near the coast, Beddome. CEYLON, JWight.—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. d A small tree (Beddome). Leaves 2-3 by 2-2} in., very pale above when dry an brown beneath, base acute or rounded; nerves 6-8 pairs, very spreading, not very strong, cross-nervules few reticulating ; petiole }—} in., very stout; stipules trian- gular. Male peduncles 1 in.; anthers narrow, connectives long, acute, free. Fem. fl. i in. diam. ; pedicels as long or longer; sepals recurved. Capsule 4—4 in. diam., base not intruded. 3. G. coccineum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 60; branchlets angular puberulous or tomentose, leaves 5-7 in. coriaceous ovate oblong or elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate brown beneath, nerves strong, male fl. long; pedicelled, sepals obovate-oblong erect, anthers 5-6, fem. densely clustered sessile, sepals broadly ovate, style globosely conical with a crenulate hollows tip broader than the short villous 8-12-celled ovary, capsule large sessie orbicular much depressed 16-20-lobed, style minute in the deeply sunk top, Phyllanthus coccineus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 370, and in D ^ Prodr. xxv. ii. 280; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 342. Bradleia coccinea, Wall. Cat. 7868. Agyneia coccinea, Ham. in Symes’ Embassy, 479, with figure.— Wall. Cat. 7865. Burma, and from Pegu to Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4880), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4859, 4881, 4863), &c. hen An evergreen shrub or tree, 25-80 ft. Leaves variable in shape, and colour v th dry, sometimes very pale almost white above, and faintly rusty or bluish benes , young pubescent beneath, base acute or rounded; nerves 6-8 pair; petiole To NL. stipules subulate. Flowers more or less pubescent, males à in. diam., pedicels ddis lary, connectives very short; fem. minute. Capsule 4-1 in. diam., pale reddisn, coriaceous, glabrous or puberulous, pericarp, &c., asin G. multiloculare. Seeds com- pressed, with a scarlet-fleshy coat.; ) 4. G. lanceolarium, Dalz. in Bomb. Fl. 935; glabrous, branchlets angular, leaves 3-6 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong or lanceolate BOUT base acute, male fl. large long-pedicelled, anthers 4—6, fem. fl. few sess) M shortly pedicelled, sepals broad, style broadly conie truncate tomen À 9-6-cleft gradually dilated into the 6-8-celled villous ovary, capsule Kurs orbicular depressed 6-8-lobed hoary. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxn. 60; us For. Fl. ii. 343; Beddome Forester's Man. 192. Phyllanthus lanceolar" | Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1865), and in DOC. Prodr. xv. ii. 282; il For. Fl. 453. Glochisandra acuminata, Wight Ic. t. 1905. Bradleia ceolaria, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 697; Wall. Cat. 7855 (excl. C).— Wall. Cat. 993. d Nortu-West INDIA, Royle, and from NEPAL eastwards to ASSAM ?, SILHET an CHITTAGONG. ith A tree, 25-30 ft. Leares usnally glossy and pale or greenish above when ie: the nerves distinct, beneath also pale with 6-10 pairs of slender raised nerv Glochidion.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACER, (J. D. Hooker.) 309 obscure nervules, base decurrent on the stout petiole which is 1-$ in. long; stipules triangular, acuminate. Male fl. in. diam. and less; pedicels $ in. and under; sepals linear-oblong ; connectives long, acute. Fem. Ji. much smaller ; sepals unequal, rigid, lanceolate, acute; style shortly exserted. Capsules 3-4 in. diam., pale. Seeds often persistent on the axis.—The monstrous flowers mentioned by Mueller are males on long stout pedicels thickened upwards into a solid turbinate body crowned with six obtuse hardened perianth-lobes, within this is a conical styliform body to the face of which abortive anthers are adnate. Similar monstrous flowers occur in P. spherogy- num and others, ' 5. G. calocarpum, Kurz For. FI. ii. 343; quite glabrous, branchlets stout, leaves 4-7 in. subcoriaceous from broadly obliquely ovate or oblong to lanceolate acute or acuminate, base very unequal, flowers all pedicelled, male sepals linear-oblong recurved, anthers 46, fem. sepals 5 ovate acute, ovary 4—5-celled glabrous narrowed iuto the conical shortly exserted 5- toothed style, capsule orbicular much depressed 8-10-lobed glabrous, with a long strong style in the smaller top. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, in the beach forests, and NICOBAR ISLANDS, Kurz. A small evergreen tree, 20-25 ft. Leaves very broad, dark brown when dry, base acute or rounded; nerves 6-8 pair; petiole } in., very stout; stipules triangular, Cuspidate. Male fl. on stout sometimes very short pedicels, } in., } in. diam. Fem. - few in a cluster, on rather shorter stouter pedicels. Capsules about 4 in. diam., purple.—I have seen only Nicobar specimens. f 6. G. goniocarpum, Hook f.; glabrous except the flowers and Tut, leaves 4-5 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong acuminate or acute base un- equal acute, flowers sometimes clustered on a short peduncle all (male shortly) pedicelled, outer sepals hispid inner smaller glabrous, anthers 4, ym. fl. stoutly pedicelled, sepals broadly ovate obtuse hispid, style stout short conico-columnar pubescent 8-6 cleft base narrower than the globose villous 5-6-celled ovary, capsule subglobose pubescent 5-lobed, lobes keeled, style columnar on the flat or depressed apex. SINGAPORE ; King’s Collector. LL A tree, 20-30 fi.; branchlets rather stout, slightly angled. Leaves rigid when ne? Pale greenish above with the nerves distinct, brown beneath with raised slender n ves and faint cross-nervules; petiole 4—4 in.; stipules triangular-ovate. Male Jt. short dium.; outer sepals broadly oblong, inner more spathulate, connectives diam, Fem. fl. in stout pubescent pedicels, à-3 in. ; perianth coriaceous, nearly } in. * Capsules } in. diam. and less, base not intruded. k. Journ. Bot. iii. (1853) 38; bite tomentose, leaves 3-6 1n. h, base acute rounded or bra, ©- tomentosum, Dulzell in Hoo eNi t es leaves beneath and flowers finely w eor] M or ovate-oblong pale bluish grey beueat! h then, €, flowers all on short stout decurved pedicels, sepals of both sexes con broad tomentose or the inner glabrous, anthers 5-7, style stout ca M tip 4—5-cleft dilated into the 4—5-celled tomentose or glabrate ovary, conn e much depressed obscurely 10-12-lobed pubescent, style P 4p cal. Beddome Forester’s Man. 192. Phyllanthus tomentosus, Muell. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 371, and in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 283. ORTH CANARA Yoo) Dalzell describes this as a small strict shrub 3-4 ft. high with flexuous branches, l : pa 2-4 by 1-1} in., and 4 irregular female sepals toothed or lacerate at the tip; Kew ves no description of the fruit. This latter 1 appear to have in specimens sent to both by Dr. Stocks and Mr. W. A. Talbot, but as these specimens differ somewhat tro; m Mr, Dalzell’s, I shall give their individual characters. 310 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE&. (J.D. Hooker) [Glochidion. G. TOMENTOSUM PROPER; a shrub 3-4 ft., leaves 3-4 in. elliptic-oblong base rounded or acute, sepals of fem. fl. }-} in. rather narrowly oblong, ovary and style sparingly pubescent, capsule unknown.—Canara, Dalzell. far. G. TALBOTI; a small tree, branches much more robust, leaves more coriaceous and more pubescent beneath 5-7 in. elliptic-ovate or -oblong base rounded or cordate, fem. fl. larger, sepals broader, ovary and style densely tomentose, capsule 1 in. diam. (&c. as in specific character ).—North Canara, Stocks ; Yellapore, Talbot. 8. G. desmogyne, Hook. f.; branchlets leaves beneath and inflo- rescence tomentose, leaves 3-5 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, nerves very slender, male fl. very small shortly pedicelled, sepals elliptic, anthers 4-5, fem. sessile in dense globose tomentose clusters, style exserted obconico-clavate 6-toothed villous twice as long as the lanceolate acute sepals base narrower than the globose villous 6-celled ovary. TENAsSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4867 and 4878)? on Moolyet, at 6000 ft., Gallatly (in Herb. Hort. Calcut.). Branchlets rather stout. Leaves firm, hardly coriaceous, brown when dry, base acute, pubescence rather fulvous; nerves 8—10 pair, raised beneath, cross-nervules slender; petiole 1—1 in. ; stipules subulate. Male pedicel } in., perianth 45 1n. diam., sparsely tomentose, connectives very short, Fem fl. with style $ in. long. (Capsules, in the Moolyet specimens, rather deeply 6-lobed, } in. diam., hoary, style in the deeply sunk top minute. Seeds with hemispheric backs and small flat sides).—This 1m foliage, &c , closely resembles G. Wallichianum, but the fem, fl. are very different. 9. G. Gamblei, Hook. f.; quite glabrous except the ovary, leaves 4-6 in. lanceolate acuminate base acute, male fl. clustered, anthers 4-5, fem. sessile in dense clusters, sepals oblong inner much smaller, style twice as long as the sepals stout clavate truncate top 4-5-lobed glabrous suddenly con: tracted above the depressed tomentose ovary, capsule large sessile depresse 4—5-lobed glabrous, style very short sunk in the depressed vertex. Phyl- lanthus Jussieuianus in part, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 304 (the Sikkim plant). Lower hills and Terai of the SIKKIM HIMALAYA, J. D. H., Gamble. Branches rather slender, terete, branchlets angled. Leaves 4—5 in., chartaceous, greenish und rather shining above, brownish beneath, base unequal-sided acute ; nerves very slender indeed, nervules inconspicuous ; petiole very short. Male fl. 35 ™ diam.; sepals oblong, obtuse; connectives short, acute. Fem. fl. sepals obtuse or subacute, erect; inner smaller; style at first globose, soon lengthening. Capsule —$ in. diam., pericarp very thin; style globose or oblong, not exserted, 4—5-lobed. Seeds obtusely trigonous. 10. G. insulare, Hook. f.; branchlets very slender tomentose, Jon 2-3 in. thin elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous except the midrib benea glaucous beneath, nerves very slender, male fl. pedicelled, sepals linear-oblong nearly glabrous, anthers 4-6, fem. minute shortly pedicelled, sepals vey short tomentose on both surfaces, style exserted short columnar, 3-fid g!a- brous narrower than the globose villous 3-celled ovary. Bridelia glauca, Blume? Wail, Cat. 7875. Penane, Wallich. base Branchlets long, pubescence rufous. Leaves dark brown above when dry, er; acute or rounded, nerves 6—8 pair, cross-nervules faint; petiole ;';—à 1n. slen ter stipules subulate. Male pedicels capillary, 4-1 in. ; perianth j-j in. diam. ; o ach sepals sparsely pubescent, inner smaller glabrous; connectives obtuse. Fem. fl. m smaller, in very small tomentose clusters, Capsules not seen,— A very distinct sperme not taken up by Mueller. ll. G. zeylanicum, 4. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 107, t. 3; glabrous 0" Glochidion.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 311 more or less pubescent or tomentose, leaves 4-8 in. coriaceous elliptie-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely cuspidate base rounded or cordate, male and fem. fl. in the same subsessile or peduncled clasters, sepals of both sexes short, anthers 5-6, style very short stont conical 6-8-toothed dilated into the globose 4~7-celled ovary, capsule shortly peduncled depressed rarely quite spherical globose terete or obscurely 8-14-angled or -lobed tipped with the short conic style. Thwaites Enum. 285; Beddome Forester’s Man. 192. G. obliquum, Dene. Herb. Timor. 481; Miquel. lL c. i. ii. 977. Bradleia zeylanica, Gertn. Fruct. ii. 198, t. 109. B. obliqua, Spreng. Syst. ii. 19; Wall. Cat. 7863 A to E. B. mollis, Wall. Cat. 7858 (not 7859). Phyl- lanthus zeylanicus & obliquus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 281 and 2 Agyneia obliqua, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 696; Wall. Cat. 7863 C, D. A. flexuosa, Herb, Heyne.— Wall. Cat. 7856. The Deccan PENINSULA from the Concan and the Cirears southwards. — ASSAM, Sumer and the MALAY PENINSULA, southwards to Malacca and Singapore, Maingay, &c. (Kew Distrib. 1357 ). CEYLON; in the central and southern parts of the island —Disrrre. M alay Islands. . , å small tree; branchlets rather stout, Leaves drying green or brown, sometimes shining above, base often very unequal.sided ; nerves 9—14 pairs, strong beneath ; Petiole stout, 1—1 in. ; Stipules subulate or faleately-lanceolate. Flowers in axillary Clusters or on short stout axillary or supra-axillary peduncles, females often most numerous in the clusters, Capsule 1—3 in. diam. or rather more, glabrous or pubes- cent; epicarp often deciduous in narrow elliptic-lanceolate valves,—A very variable Plant, to which I think the following are referable. 2 lx G. BAACANUM, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 449 (Kurz For. Fl. ii. 347); branches and leaves beneath densely rusty tomentose, ovary and style tomentose, 7Malacca, Andaman Islands, &c. mM . G. NITIDUM, Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 235; Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. (1862) 60; Beddome Forester’s Man. 192; quite glabrous, leaves shining above, flower-clusterg usually in supra-axillary peduncles. G. canaranum, Miguel Plant. ‘ohenack. No. 743 a. G. canarum, Beddome Forester’s Man. 192. Phyllanthus müdus, Muell, Arg. in Flora xlvii. 371, and in DC. l. c. 282. P. canaranus, Muell, Arg. l. c. 971, and in DC. L c. 284. Bradleia nitida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. fa. 699.— The Concan, Canara, Mysore and the Circars.—I think this is only a por- ectly glabrous state of zeylanicum. Wallich’s Bradleia, No. 7856, from Silhet, wit . out fruit, is probably only a very large glabrous form of this; the flower peduncles *rise from above the leaf axils. 12. S. hirsutum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 61; branches petioles and leaves beneath densely softly white- or rusty-tomentose, flower clusters usually in Supra-axillary peduncles. Bradleia hirsuta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 099: Wall. Cat. 7861 B; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 638. B. mollis, all. Cat. 7859. Phyllanthus hirsutus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. 371, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 283. ^ The Stxxrm Treat and Assam to Currraoox and PENANG, Roxburgh. 5 irst described by Roxburgh from Calcutta Garden specimens said to have een om Penang, but Wallich says it is from China. Mueller must have seen imper ect pecimens, for the male pedicels are very slender and far longer than the petio es, an t © branches are far from “ obscurely " puberulous. Following Roxburgh, he 1 eserit es * Capsule as six-seeded, which is, I suspect, a lapsus for 6-celled. Baillon TS os whi Ovary as many-celled. Wallich has two plants called B. mollis, name M 1859, na ‘ch has leaves glabrous beneath, and is, I think, @. zeylanicum, an 7859, which ha Trower leaves pubescent beneath, and is G. hirsutum. 13. G. Helferi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous except the flowers, leaves 56 m. ovate or oblong anoite obtuse apiculate, nerves slender, male fi. ortly pedicelled small, sepals broadly ovate, anthers 5, fem. numerous 312 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Glochidion. clustered all pedicelled ovate, style twice as long as the sepals rather slender clavate tip 5-6-lobed, glabrous base narrower than the globose 5-celled g 3 brous ovary, capsule small globose terete. G. subscandens, Kurz For. FI. ii. 344 (not of Zollinger). Phyllanthus Helferi, Muell. Arg. in Flora xvm. 372, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 11. 286. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4874, 4879). n Branchlets black when dry, obscurely angled. Leaves brown when dry, rat er thin; nerves 6-10 pair, raised beneath, cross-nervules distinct, often reticulate ; petiole rather long, -4 in. ; stipules triangular, cuspidate. Male pedicels à M perianth 4 in. diam.; connectives short, acute. Fem. pedicels $ in.; sepals oyato- lanceolate, acute, erect. Capsule } in. diam., obscurely ribbed, style minute. See ovoidly trigonous. 14. G. brunneum, Hook. f.; glabrous, branchlets stout angular, leaves (for the genus) long-petioled 4-6 in. thinly coriaceous oblong an cuspidate or oblong-lanceolate and acuminate, nerves slender, flowers d: crowded on the bracteolate ends of a stout peduncle, males shortly p d celled, sepals unequal thick oblong obtuse, anthers 5-6, fem. subsessi style stout cylindric-clavate glabrous 5-toothed twice as long as the ova A oblong sepals base narrower than the villous 4-6-celled ovary, ari globose or slightly depressed obscurely 4—6-lobed tipped with stiff cylindric style. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1358). SINGAPORE, T. Anderson (Herb. Hort. Bot. Calc ). b- Branchlets rigid. Leaves of a fine light red-brown when dry, base obtuse or sub acute; nerves 6-10 pair, very slender, but raised beneath, cross-nervules distan” faint; petiole }-}in.; stipules triangular, coriaceous. Peduncles in. stif; bracteoles minute; pedicels 3 in. Male perianth 35 in. diam. ; connectives pri obtuse. Fem. perianth petaloid, about as large; pedicel lengthening in frui . Capsule }—} in. diam., pericarp thick, valves 2-partite.— Habit of G. zeylamicum, from which the longer petioles distinguish it. 15. G. oblatum, Hook. f.; branches finely tomentose, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute glaucous and glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath, male pubescent, sepals obovate or subspathulate, anthers 4-6, fem. fl. subsessile minute, sepals short tomentose on both surfaces, style short stout conic and 4-5-celled ovary densely tomentose, capsu'e shortly pedicelled orbicular very depressed obscurely-lobed pubescent crow? not intruded tipped by the minute style. H Sikkim HIMALAYA, Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4853). TeRat, J. D. #. CACHAR, Keenan. b- A low leafy tree; branches long, slender. eaves 2—4 in., bases equal or "us . equal, rounded or subacute, brown when dry, quite glabrous in Cachar specimen r nerves very slender, nervules obscure; petiole short, pubescent; stipules slew M Male fl.; outer sepals obovate, inner narrower more spathulate; connectives ree Fem. fl. inconspicuous, minute; sepals obtuse. Capsule 4-3 in. diam., nearly teret» twice as broad as long.—A very distinct species. 16. G. fagifolium, Miquel Plant. Hohenack. No. 1465; quite gia brous, branchlets angular, leaves 2-3 in. thin obliquely ovate-lanceo ^ acuminate rather shining on both surfaces, nerves and reticulations stro g» male fl. numerous in a cluster long-pedicelled, sepals broad, anthers : le fem. fl. subsessile in dense capitate clusters, calyx shortly 6-lobed, " Ta globosely 4—6-lobed much larger and broader than the very short gla er's 4—6-celled ovary, capsule orbicular depressed smooth. Beddome Foren viii. Man. 193. Phyllanthus fagifolius, var. concolor, Muell. Arg. in Flora 373, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 288. Glochidion.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 318 Ninentri Hiris, Metz. (CurrrAGONG P), PxGU and TENASSERIM, Kurz, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4862). Branchlets very smooth, angular and grooved. Leaves greenish or brown when dry, polished, base very acute and decurrent on the petiole; nerves 6-8 pair, distinct on the upper surface, raised on the lower; petiole qig-$ in.; stipules triangular. Male fl. 1 in, diam., pedicels 3 in. or less, glabrous or puberulous ; sepals obovate; connectives acute. Fem. fl. very much smaller, shortly stoutly pedicelled; sepals minute, very broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, margins translucent; style exserted, larger than all the rest of the flower, glabrous, tumid, ovarian cells hidden under the style.—I have seen no capsule, which Kurz describes (from Tenasserim specimens) as smooth and 3—4-coccous. I have described this, which is Mueller's var. concolor, from Metz and Hohenacker's specimens. I cannot identify any of my Chittagong plants with it, as Mueller does; nor have I seen his var. cwsius from the Nilgherries, for which he gives no further distinctive character than that the branchlets are superne intense cesiis,” and leaves paler above. 17. G. brachylobum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 62; robust, quite glabrous, leaves 4—6 in. thickly coriaceous oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate, nerves few faint, flowers all shortly pedicelled, anthers » fem. fl. very shortly pedicelled, calyx cupular unequally 4-6-lobed, ovary obovoidly globose 4—8-lobed with 4—8 basal cells quite glabrous, cap- sule depressed-globose obscurely 3-5-lobed with a very large globose style. Beddome Forester’s Man. 192. G. coriaceum, Thwaites Enum. 285 in part. Phyllanthus brachylobus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 288. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. 3016). . Branchlets woody, bark very pale. Leaves the thickest of any Indian species, green or brown above, brown beneath, base acute or rounded ; nerves 3-5 pair, very faint, nervules 0; petiole long for the genus, 4-3 in., very stout; stipules triangular- lanceolate, Flowers few in a cluster, very coriaceous, male and fem. together. Male pedicel not much longer than the perianth (perhaps not evolute); sepals oblong, very coriaceous ; connectives as long as the cells. Fem. f. with spreading round calyx-lobes, Capsule 3 in. diam., pericarp thick, red-brown when dry. 18. G. macrostigma, Hook. f.; glabrous, branches slender, leaves elliptic-oblong subacute thin very glaucous beneath, male fl. shortly pedi- celled, sepals quite glabrous oblong, anthers 5, fem. fl. shortly pedicelled minute, calyx 6-lobed pubescent, style very large globose 5—6-cleft suddenly contracted into a very short pubescent base which is narrower than the 6-celled globose nearly glabrous ovary. PENANG ; at Penara Bukit, Curtis. . Imost Branches elongate, terete, black when dry. Leaves 3-4 in., membranous, almos ack above when dry, beneath white, base usually very unequal, one side rounded the other acute; nerves 5-6 pairs, very slender, nervules hardly any; petiole short, slender ; stipules minute, triangular. Male fl. generally fewer than the fem., $ 1n. am. ; sepals subequal. Fem. pedicels short, slender, erect ; calyx-lobes triangular- ovate, sparsely pubescent ; stigma exserted, much larger than the perianth, lobes erect obtuse. ` Fruit unknown.—A very remarkable species with a peculiar stigma, not unlike that of the genus Megististigma (of this Order). The habit and foliage are those of P, glaucifolius, Wall. 19. G. sclerophyllum, Hook. f; branchlets robust and leaves beneath and inflorescence D tomentose or pubescent, leaves 3-6 in. stiffly coriaceous broadly ovate or oblong acute or cuspidately acuminate base broadly rounded or cordate, nerves very strong, flowers minute all tpa and pedicelled, male sepals oblong, anthers 5, style subcylindric 3-4- oothed hispid twice as long as the tubular obtusely irregularly toothed calyx base narrower than the hispid or glabrous ovary, capsule pedicelled 314 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glochidicn. small depressed obscurely 4~5-lobed, style short conical. Wall. Cat. 7878 in part, and 7877 in part (in Herbs. Benth. § Hook.). Mazacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. A845). Leaves 2-3 in., broad, rigid and pale cbove when dry, grey-brown beneath, glabrous above with pubescent midrib; nerves 8-12 pair, spreading, much raised beneath, cross-nervules rather distant; petiole very short and stout; stipules oblong, hard. Male fl. | in. diam., pedicel 1—3 in., connectives acute. Fem. fl. on stouter pedicels, 3^; in. long including the style, very hispid as are the pedicels; calyx-teeth very short. Capsule 1—1 in. diam., nearly terete. — The specimens are not very good, and I find none in Wallich's Herbarium in the Linnzan Society’s Rooms: I have seen too few fem. fl. to be confident as to their description. None of the other species are atalllike it. The flowers are sometimes inserted on a very short peduncle. Near G. zeylanicum in many respects, but the stipules differ and the capsule is much intruded at the base and apex. 20. G. Hohenackeri, Beddome Foresters Man. 193; every where glabrous, leaves 2—4 in. thin elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate acutely or obtusely acuminate base acute, male fl. long-pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. sessile in capitate clusters, fem. calyx unequally 4—6-toothed, style broadly tumidl conical, concealing the glabrous 8-lobed ovary, capsule subsessile muc depressed 6-8-lobed with a large globose smooth minutely 3-4-toothed style in the sunk top. Phyllanthus Hohenackeri, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviu. 313, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 988. Bradleia lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 7855 C. The Concan and Canara; on the Bababoodan Hills and in woods at Mercara, &c., Heyne, &c. The Concan, very common, Gibson (Herb. Ind. Or., Hf. 4 T., Nos. 33 & 41). A tree, 12 ft. high; branches slender. Leaves usually dark brown when dry; nerves very slender, usually not raised, cross-nervules faint; petiole j5-3 1n-; stipules broadly triangular. Male fl. 3-4 in. diam.; sepals linear-oblong ; connec: tives half the length of the anther-cells, acute. Fem. f. minute; calyx cup- shaped, lobes or teeth if few broad, rounded or subacute. Capsule i-i in. diam., quite smooth, black, rather thinly crustaceous, style with rather raised margins, about 4 the diameter of the capsule.—Near G. fagifolium, but the calyx differs. 21. G. Ralphii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves 2-3 in. elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base acute, male fl. on slender pedicels, sepals linear-oblong, anthers 3, fem. fl. few minute sessile, calyx cupular unequally obtusely toothed glabrous, style subglobose or obovoid 4—5- lobed at the top broader than the very short villous 3—6-celled ovary, capsule subsessile depressed smooth faintly 3-6-lobed, style slightly sunk globose or shortly clavate. The Concan; Mahableshwar Hills, Ralph. N. Canara, near the Falls of Gair soppa, Talbot. TINNEVELLY, Beddome. : Branches and leaves pale brown when dry. Leaves not shining, thinly coriaceous, base usually unequal-sided and narrowed into the rather long (for the genus) petiole ; nerves 8-12 pair, very slender, nervules indistinct; petiole A} in.; stipules pei gular. Male fl, } in. diam. ; connectives obtuse, Fem. fl, very inconspicuous; sty very much larger than the ovary. Capsules } in. diam., crustaceous, erown veg slightly sunk. Seeds hemispheric, red.—1 assume the fruiting specimens collected d Mr. Talbot to be conspecific with Ralphii, which bear only male and fem. flow : The plant much resembles in foliage and colour var. Wightiana of G. ellipticum, " the fem. calyx and ovary are altogether different. ,22. G. Johnstonei, Hook. f.; branchlets tomentose, leaves 4-5 pa thin oblong or linear-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous s sparsely pubescent beneath, male fl. pedicelled, sepals nearly glabrous, Glochidion.] CXXXV. EvPHOoRBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 315 anthers 3, fem. minute sessile densely clustered, calyx turbinate pubescent irregularly 4—6-lobed or -toothed, style subglobose obscurely 4-5-lobed glabrous or puberulous broader than the pubescent or glabrous turbinate 4-5-celled ovary. The Deccan PENINSULA; Cochin, Johnstone. ? CANARA, Herb. Stocks. Branches slender, terete, from densely ashy-tomentose to pubescent. Leaves dark brown when dry, very uniform in shape; base subequal, cuneate or obtuse; nerves 6-8 pair, very slender, cross-nervules mere lines; petiole ;1,-} in., slender, pubescent ; stipules subulate-lanceolate from a broad base. Male fl. à in. diam., nearly glabrous, outer sepals obovate-oblong, inner narrower more spathulate; connectives short. Fem. fl. in clusters, } in. diam.; calyx-lobes variable in length; style rather de- pressed-globose, not narrowed into the ovary. Capsule unknown. 23. G. nubigenum, Hook. f.; branches and petioles pubescent, leaves 4—5 in. thin ovate or oblong acuminate glabrous above sparsely Shortly hairy beneath with very strong nerves, male fl. shortly pedicelled sparsely pubescent, sepals oblong, anthers 3, fem. fl. subsessile in minute clusters, sepals very short acute spreading, ovary a very broad depressed 9-6-angled glabrous cone 10-12-celled at the very base, capsule shortly stoutly pedicelled depressed pubescent 10-12-lobed top deeply sunk with a large flattened orbicular 6-10-lobulate style. Stxxrm HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft.; at Darjeeling, &c., J. D. H., Clarke. A tree, 60 ft.; branchlets slender, pubescence pale; tips tomentose. Leaves greenish when dry, especially beneath, with 6-8 pair of arched nerves conspicuous above and raised beneath, cross-nervules irregularly anastomosing ; base subequal, rounded acute or subcordate ; petiole 3 in., slender; stipules triangular. Male fl. ; outer sepals and pedicels puberulous, inner glabrous ; connective free, short. Fem.jt. very minute, pedicels short stout ; ovary so broad that the hispidulous sepals are very Spreading, cells in its narrowed concave base. Capsule 4 in, diam., pericarp thinly Crustaceous. Seeds ovoidly globose, pointed, red.—A very distinct species, inhabiting a higher elevation than any other of the genus. 24. G. Wallichianum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 67 ; branchlets Slender and flowers hoary-pubescent, leaves 2-3 in. thin elliptic-oblong obtuse or acute sparsely pubescent beneath, flowers small, anthers 3, fem. Very numerous and “minute sessile in globose or extended clusters, calyx- lobes very short triangular, style turgidly columnar or clavate cleft into 3~4 broad apiculate lobes, ovary 3-4-celled. Phyllanthus Wallichianus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ti. 309. Bridelia heterantha, Wall. Cat. 7873; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 638 (heteranthera). PENANG, Wallich. _Branchlets terete. Leaves brown when dry, base subequal, acute; nerves 6-8 pair, raised, slender ; petiole 1-j in., slender; stipules subulate. Male ji. from the clusters of fem., pedicel 1—1 in. very slender hoary ; sepals linear-oblong, connectives rather long. Fem. fl. 3. in.; calyx-lobes not half the length of the stout short glabrous or hoary style, "Which is somewhat contracted over the ovary. Capsule un- nown.—The fem. fl, are exiremely minute. 25. G. enocarpum, Zeddome Forester’s Man. 191; everywhere glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. coriaceous elliptic oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute Or acuminate base rounded and often very unequal-sided, male fl. shortly stoutly pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. sessile few in a cluster, calyx turbinate unequally 5-6.toothed or -lobed, style very stout columnar or subacute con- "acted at the base 3-5-cleft glabrous twice as long as the calyx, ovary glabrous 3-5-celled, capsule small glabrous depressed 3-6-lobed, style very 316 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) — [Glochidion. stout. G. coriaceum, Thwaites Enum. 285 (in part). Phyllanthus pycno- carpus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 304. CEYLON; Central Province, Gardner, Thwaites (No. 2560). A small tree; branchlets rather stout, angular, Leaves dark brown when dry, often falcate, rarely greenish above; nerves 8-10 pair, slender, spreading, and hardly raised beneath; petiole 1, in.; stipules small, triangular. Male pedicel jg in. (perhaps not fully lengthened) ; sepals oblong; connectives half as long as the cells. Fem. fl. coriaceous ; ovary not very distinct from the style-base. Capsules }-} in. diam., quite smooth.— Mueller distinguishes this from G. coriaceum by the much smaller less coriaceous and unequal-based leaves, as well as by the fem. calyx, whicb is cleft to the middle but not below it into ovate acute lobes. It is very closely indeed allied to G. Candolleanum, and may prove to be a var. of that plant. Var. elliptica ; leaves elliptic obtuse base narrowed into the petiole, capsule 3-5 in. diam.—Ceylon, Thwaites (No. 2560).— This is the supposed abnormal state of G. Jussieuianum alluded to by Thwaites (Enum. 286). 26. G. arboreum, Wight Ic. t. 1907; branchlets and petioles finely pubescent, leaves 4-6 in. ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate reticulately nerved beneath, male and fem. flowers very shortly pedicelled, male sepals oblong, anthers 3, connectives long subulate, fem. calyx tubular unequally 6-toothed, style very stout columnar glabrous with the 4—6 ovarian cells at its very base, lobes 4-6 stout spreading obtuse, capsule large obscurely 4-6- lobed crowned with the stout long 4—6-lobed style. Beddome Forester Man. 193. Phyllanthus arboreus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 303. NILGHERRY and SHEVAGHERRY HILLS; at Chispauray and Nadorputta, Wight (Kew Distrib, 2579, 2580), Gardner. Branchlets rather slender, fuscously pubescent. Leaves rather thin, glabrous on both surfaces, base rounded or acute, pale or brown when dry ; nerves slender, raised, nervules strongly reticulated; petiole -} in.; stipules triangular. Male f. iin. diam., pedicel about as long; connectives 3 as long as the anther-cells. Fem. fi. larger, together with the exserted top of the style 4in. long; calyx rather swollen at the base, very coriaceous; ovary quite merged in the contracted base of the great style. Capsule 3 in. diam., not much depressed, quite glabrous. Seeds large, jin. long, trigonous, red, 27. G. neilgherrense, Wight lc. v. ii. 29; glabrous or minutely hoary, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous often falcately elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, male fl. stoutly pedicelled, sepals linear- oblong, anthers 3, connectives long, fem. fl. few large subsessile, calyx tur- binate ünequally 3-4-toothed, style very stout shortly clavate truncate with 4—6 large lobes and the 4—6 minute ovarian cells in its base, capsule sessieé much depressed 4—6-lobed crowned with the large short lobulate style. G. Perottetianum, Beddome Forester's Man.194. Lobocarpus Candolleanus, Wight § Arn. Prodr. 7; Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1254. Phyl lanthus neilgherrensis, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. e. 303. P. Perotettianus, Muell Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 69, and in DC. l. c. 307.— Wight Cat. 944. Nrranrr Hiris; at Nadorputtab, &c., Wight (Kew Distrib. 2662) ; Conoor, &t» alt. 7000 ft., Clarke. A small tree, 12 ft. Leaves black when dry, or greenish above in fruit, 1-1} rarely 2 in. broad, base usually acute; nerves 6-10 pair, slender, cross-nervules faint or strong ; petiole }—} in., quite glabrous ; stipules triangular-lanceolate. Flowers of both sexes large for the genus; male fl. }-} in. diam., on pedicels as long; sepals linear-oblong, rather thick ; connectives as long as the anthers. Fem. fl. $ in. long 5 calyx very coriaceous, puberulous, teeth obtuse very unequal ; style half exserted, lobes rather spreading into a 4-6 rayed crown. Capsules often as it were spicate os Glochidion.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 317 short latera] and terminal leafless branchlets, 3-3 in. diam., puberulous, pericarp thick, cocci thin; style very large, half exserted. Seeds rather large and broad.— Mueller's description of Phyllanthus Perotettianus agrees so well with this, that, coming as it does from the same locality, I do not hesitate to include it as a synonym. 28. G. obscurum, Blume Bijd. 585; finely tomentose, branchlets long slender, leaves bifarious 2-3 in. oblong obtuse or subacute ashy beneath, male fl. clustered shortly pedicelled, anthers 3 rarely 4-5, fem, subsolitary pedicels lengthening much in fruit, fem. sepals tomentose, ovary globose 6-7-celled and as well as the columnar truncate 5-6-toothed style densely tomentose, capsule globose terete not lobed tip contracted, style truncate. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 377. G. Roxburghianum, Muell. Arg. in. Linnea xxxi. 61. G. distichum, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, xviii. 228. Phyllan- thus obscurus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 581; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 987. Bradleia pinnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 700; Wall. Cat. 7866. Agyneia? pinnata, Miquel l. c. 368. Prenana, Wallich. PERAK, King’s Collector.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, China. . A shrub, 15 ft., or (in Perak) tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves of uniform size and at equal distances along the branches which are 12-18 in. long, rather coriaceous, pale opaque and puberulous above, upper base rounded, lower narrow acute; nerves slender; petiole 2 in, Sepals of male oblong, obtuse, outer tomentose; anthers in a globose small column. Fem. fl. solitary amongst the males; sepals short, recurved. Capsule 1 in. diam., finely tomentose, obscurely 12-14-angled or ribbed, tipped by the lobed style; pedicel slender, pubescent, i-$ in.; pericarp thick, almost woody. Seeds much compressed laterally, 29. G. perakense, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, leaves 3-4 in. oblong- lanceolate acute quite glabrous, nerves very faint ascending, petiole slender, male fl. clustered shortly pedicelled, sepals broadly oblong glabrous, anthers 9, fem, fl. few shortly pedicelled, sepals of the male, ovary and short columnar round-topped, style densely tomentose, capsule ped icelled depressed globose 3-celled nearly glabrous very obscurely 6-lobed, style minate. PERAK ; at South Balang, King’s Collector. . . Branches very sparsely puberulous or glabrous, slender. Leaves thinly coriaceous, greenish above, brown beneath, hardly shining ; base acute, unequal; petiole 3-2 in. Male fl. about js in. diam. ; pedicels 3-4 in. Fem. fl. solitary amongst the males ; style villous to the tip. Capsule } in. diam. when ripe, almost terete, pericarp thick, With obscure raised lines at the sutures. 30. G. spherogynum, Kurz For. Fl ii. 346; everywhere glabrous, leaves 4-12 in, coriaceous lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute, male fl. small pedicelled, sepals elliptic, anthers 3, connectives short, em. densely clustered subsessile, sepals orbicular, ovary turbinate glabrous 6-celled, crowned by the subglobose entire style, capsule subsessile much *pressed deeply 8-12-lobed with the large globose style in the depressed apex, Phyllanthus spherogynus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 375, and In DC. Prodr, xv. ii. 293. P. fagifolius a, Muell. in DC. 1. c. 288 (the hittagong plant). Bradleia lanceolaria, Wall. Cat. 7855 D. EASTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, Clarke; Bhotan, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4832/1). Currragona J. D. H. & T.T. BunMa; from Pegu to Tenasserim, Wallich, &c. d A small tree with weeping branches, bark pale. Leaves very long and narrow, attaining 14 by 2 in., but sometimes only 4 by 1} in., smooth and often green when Ty above, nerves slender ; petiole stout, 3-} in.; stipules short, triangular. Capsule in. diam., shortly stoutly pedicelled, smooth, furrows extending to the large globose style.— Diseased flowers occur as enlarged woody turbinate bodies surmounted by 6 318 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Glochidion. incurved rigid calyx-lobes, surrounding a central cone to which 3 imperfect anthers are adnate throughout their length. Similar malformed flowers occur in other species. 31. G. nanogynum, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. elliptic- oblong or -lanceolate obtusely acuminate shining, flowers minute, males shortly pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. sessile in dense axillary clusters, sepals oblong obtuse, ovary minute villous 3-celled covered by the depressed tur- binate obscurely 3-gonous style, capsule very small globose 3-6-lobed 3-celled rusty-pubescent, style globose. Phyllanthus nanogynus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 376, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 298. Bradleia lan- ceolaria, Wall. Cat. 7855 K; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 638.— Wall. Cat. 8003 D. PEeNANG, Wallich. Perak, Wray; at Goping, King’s Collector. MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1359). A large tree (Wray), branches terete and angular, glabrous to the tips. Leaves thin, dark red-brown on both surfaces when dry, base acute or cuneate; nerves very slender, suberect ; petiole 41.—1 in. ; stipules subulate from a triangular base. Flowers . very small in axillary clusters; connectives short, obtuse. Fem. fl. depressed ; sepals very minute, leaving the broad style exposed. Capsule 1-3 in. diam., lobes rounded, not ribbed.—The bark is used for tanning (Wray). 32. G. desmocarpum, Hook. f.; branchlets pubescent, leaves 3-6 in. elliptic-oblong obtuse or subacute sparsely pubescent on the nerves beneath, male fl. minute in axillary clusters, anthers 3, fem. fl. sessile, sepals un- equal tomentose, style hemispheric 3-lobed glabrous as broad as the pubescent ovary, capsules very small in dense clusters pedicelled much depressed deeply 6-lobed hoary, style very short erect lobulate. PENANG, Herb. Hook. PERAK, in dense jungles, Wray, King’s Collector. A tree, 50-70 ft. (in Perak). Leaves rather coriaceous, dark brown when dry, somewhat shining above, base subacute; nerves slender, raised, ascending ; petiole è in.; „stipules not seen. Flowers pubescent. Capsules 8-10 in a cluster, subsessile, 4 in. diam. or less.—I am doubtful about the affinities of this species. 33. G. Thomsoni, Hook. f.; everywhere glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. elliptic or oblong acute or obtuse very glaucous beneath, male fl. few minute, anthers 3, fem. fl. numerous fascicled all very long pedicelled, sepals very minute, style a depressed fleshy 3-grooved cone capping and nearly as broa as the low 3-lobed ovary, capsules on rigid slender pedicels small depressed 3-4-celled and lobed or obscurely 6-8-lobed, sunken top with a globose rugose style or a very depressed smooth cone. Phyllanthus Thomsoni, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1865) 375, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 293; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 352. z Kasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4846), J. D. H. 4 . T., &c. A small tree, branches slender. Leaves very uniform, green above and bluish beneath when dry; nerves 6-8 pair, capillary, nervules very faint reticulate ; petiole iin. Male fl. rare, scattered amongst the fem., pedicel very short ; sepals elliptic; con- nectives short. Fem. fl. very numerous, ;4 in. diam.; pedicels slender but rigid, ° uniform length; sepals very minute, acute; style fleshy, obscurely trigonous with à tricrural furrow at the apex. Capsules 3 in. diam., very smooth, black when dry, impressed at the top and base, thinly crustaceous ; lobes rounded with a mesial furrow ; style sometimes persistent as a globose fleshy body, at others altogether disappearing: when the disk of the capsule is occupied by a low smooth cone with 3 minute points. —The variable nature of the fruiting style throws doubt on the value of this organ as a guide to other species: this is a very distinct one and easily recognized by the clusters of long-pedicelled fem. fl. and the styles. Glochidion.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACERZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 319 84. G. leevigatum, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branchlets very slender angled, leaves 1-13 in. obliquely elliptic- or ovate-oblong obtusely or acutely acuminate snbglaucous beneath, nerves very faint, flowers all fascicled very minute, anthers 3. ovary glabrous globose 5-celled, style of 4-6 minute points, capsule small shortly pedicelled orbicular depressed 10-lobed crown deeply sunk, style very minute. Bradleialevigata, Wall. Cat. 7853. Phyl- lanthus levigatus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 374, and in DC. Prodr. Xv. ii. 989. TrENaAssrnrM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4844), PERAK, King’s Collector. PENANG, Wallich, Curtis, &c. Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4844, 4860, 4855). SINGA- PORE, Schomburgk, Hullett. . Branches smooth, terete, branchlets filiform, glabrous to the tips. Leaves greenish above, Shining, base equal or one side rounded the other acute; petiole slender; stipules minute, triangular. Male fl. as-tz in. diam., pedicels slender; sepals er oblong. Sepals of fem. oblong, obtuse. Capsules } in. diam., minutely 0 . 95. G. microbotrys, Hook. f:; perfectly glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. elliptic- or ovate-oblong subacute or obtusely cuspidate nerves very slender, Owers in peduncled cymes very shortly pedicelled, males very minute, anthers 3, ovary globose glabrous 3-celled, style obscure with 4-6 points, capsule very small depressed turbinately globose faintly 3- or 6-lobed glabrous, style of 4-5 minute projections. Matay PENINSULA; Perak, Singapore, &c., King's Collector. A tree, 30-50 ft. (Perak); branches spreading and pendulous ; branchlets slender, angular; whole plant black when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, rather shining on th surfaces, nerves 6-8 pair; petiole slender, 1-1 in.; stipules minute, broad. lowers on slender axillary peduncles 3-$ in, long and branched at the top; male and fem, mixed and all pedicelled, males most shortly. Male fl. 5 in. long; outer male broadly ovate, inner almost rounded ; anther-column rather broad, connectives ` tuse. Fem. calyx as in the male; ovary with a very inconspicuous style. Capsule e= in. diam., 6-ribbed, black, top slightly depressed. 36. G. malabaricum, Beddome Forester s Man. 194; nearly glabrous except the flowers, leaves 3—4 in. elliptic-oblong or lanceolate acuminate, male fl. long pedicelled, sepals sublinear, anthers 3, fem. minute sessile in ense clusters, sepals 6 linear-oblong obtuse pubescent or glabrous, style ween columnar and conic gradually swelling into the globose 3-5-celled ovary both tomentose tin truncate 4—7-toothed, capsules shortly pedicelled epréssed obscurely 3-5-lobed puberulous, style very minute coni al. Phyl- ey aos malabaricus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 69, and in DC. Prodr. : li. 305, Western Guars; from the Concan to the Nilghiri Hills (Herd. Ind. Or., H.f. 4 T No. 40, 42, 43). i when the i anches slender, sometimes slightly pubescent. Leaves rather „coriaceons ii: v Plant is in fruit, greenish when dry with rather strong nerves, thinner an Male fl ron In flower, hase acute or obtuse; petiole 4; in.; stipules MM pci n the tufts of female, |, to l in. diam.; pedicel very slender; anthers ree, "7 Ctives rather long, subulate. Fem. fl. minute ; sepals erect or tips recurve i irre 1-3 in. diam., not deeply sunk at the top, lobes broad, with a faint mesia Trow, Crustaceous,— Very near G. ellipticum. 37. G. ass d] uite glabrous . amicum, Hook. f.; branches and leaves q g'a»rous, Caves, 4-6 in. elliptic-ovate o or lanceolate subcaudate-acuminate ‘nish purple beneath base usually acute nerves firm, male fl. long- icelled glabrous, sepals narrow, anthers 3(-9) fem. densely clustered VOL. y, Y 320 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Gochidion. subsessile, sepals linear-oblong, style very short columnar, ovary globose glabrous or pubescent, capsules small densely clustered sessile depressed faintly 4-lobed, tipped with the minute style glabrous or puberulous. Phyllanthus assamicus, Muell. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 378, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 297. P. Andersonii, Muell. Arg. in Flora lv. (1872) 3 (fide King). WESTERN HIMALAYA ; Kumaon, Fdgeworth. BENGAL; at Dacca, Clarke. Foot hills and low valleys of the HIMALAYA from Sikkim eastwards to UPPER AssaM, CAcHAR and CHITTAGONG. Jenkins, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4848, 4871, 4873, 4882), &c. UPPER BURMA, Griffith. . An umbrageous small tree, youngest shoots glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous, always discoloured, smooth above, nerves and cross-nervules raised beneath; petiole +5 in., stout ; stipules subulate from a triangular-lanceolate base. Male fl-4 in. diam., clustered ; pedicels capillary, }~$ in.; sepals somewhat dilated upwards ; connectives large, acute. Fem. fl. minute, very many in a cluster; pedicels very short and sepals and ovary glabrous or puberulous. Capsules often forming clusters along all the axils of the branchlets, sessile or on short slender pedicels, 4 in. diam., quite smooth and usually glabrous, obtusely 4- rarely 3- or 5-angled and celled ; pericarp thin, crustaceous. Seeds hemispheric, red.—A common N.E. Indian species, easily re- cognized amongst the glabrous ones by the small usually obscurely 4-lobed thin walled capsules with a minute style in their hardly depressed top. Leaves rarely 7 by 4in. in Daccan specimens.—Specimens of Andersonii from the Calcutta Her- barium are identical with assamicum. Mueller describes the anthers as 3-5, but find only 3. 38. G. Daltoni, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 344; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves coriaceous 2—4 in. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate shining above purplish brown beneath, base acute, male fl. sessile, sepals ovate-oblong silky within, anthers 3, fem. clustered sessile, ovary globose 4—6-celled pubescent soon glabrous, style exserted stout slightly clavate tip with 4—6 rounded lobes, capsules subsessile depressed 8-10-lobed, style stout clavate lobed deciduous. Beddome Forester’s Man. 195. Phyllanthus Daltoni, Muell. Arg. in Flora, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 310. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, at the foot hills, J. D. H., King. Burma, Wallich, TENAS- SERIM, at Mergui, and PEGu, Griffith, Kurz —DisTRIB. Yunan, J. Anderson. A deciduous small tree or shrub (Kurz). Leaves brown on both surfaces = dry, or green above, smooth; nerves very slender, raised; petiole 4; in. ; stipules ovate, acute. Fem. sepals quite glabrous without, a little pubescent within ; inner smaller, subspathulate. Style glabrous or tomentose below. Capsules 1-3 in. diam., reddish brown, lobes smooth ; pericarp very thin.—Mueller gives the Nilghiri Moun- tains as a locality for this, but I have seen no specimens. 39. G. rigidum, Mvxell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 67; quite glabrous. leaves 3—4 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong or lanceolate base acute, mate f. small, sepals glabrous, anthers 3, fem. all pedicelled few in a cluster, sepals oblong pubescent within below the middle, style a little longer than the sepals shortly columnar or fusiform 3-4-cleft constricted above the globos! glabrous 3-4-celled ovary, capsule depressed-globose smooth 6-8-lobe a crowned by the short stout exserted style. G. Jussieuianum, Thwaites Enum. 285 (exel. C.P. 2560); Muell. Arg. l.c. 67; Beddome Forester Man.194. G. Thwaitesi. Muell. Arg. L c. 66. Gynoon rigidum, A. Juss Tent. Euphorb. 107, t. 3, £. 9. G. triandrum, Wight & Arn. in Wight Te. : 1908. G. Jussienianum, Wight in tert, v. ii. 29. ? Phyllanthus stellatu Retz Obs. v. 29: Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 305. P. Jussiewan™ Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 304. CEYLON ; ascending to 4000 ft., Konig, &c. — Glochidion.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 321 Branchlets rather slender, not flexuous, angled. Leaves rarely 2 in. broad, dark brown or black when dry; nerves 6-8 pairs, very slender, cross-nervules faint reti- culate; petiole 5-3 in., stipules triangular. Male pedicels slender, }-} in. ; sepals Jinear-oblong ; connectives rather long. Fem. pedicel 35-4 in., about as long as the flower, thickened upwards; style about twice as long as the perianth, tip contracted till the lobes spread. Capsule very variable in size, 1-l in. diam., rather deeply lobed.—I doubt this being the plant which Retz called P. stellatus, a name in no way applicable to this, but very much so to some other Ceylon species, in which the long styles spreading from the axils of the leaves have a stellate appearance. As Thwaites truly observes, Retz’s description is far too imperfect for even the approximate ideutification of his stellatus. Mueller unites a Sikkim plant of mine with this, but I do not recognize it. 40. G. coriaceum, Thwaites Enum. 285; quite glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. coriaceous elliptic-oblong or almost orbicular obtuse nerves raised and reti- culate beneath, male fl. shortly pedicelled, anthers 3 connectives long, fem. sessile densely clustered, style cylindric stout glabrous top 3-lobed about twice as long as the oblong free sepals, base narrower than the globose glabrous 3-celled ovary, capsule depressed 6-lobed glabrous with the cylindric style in its sunken top. Beddome Forester’s Flor. 194. CEYLON; alt. 3-4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites. Branchlets flexuous, rather stout, angled. Leaves usually of a rich red brown beneath when dry; nerves 4-5 pair, cross-nervules reticulated ; petiole very short ; stipules triangular. Male and fem. fl. generally in separate clusters; male pedicels of in. ; sepals coriaceous ; connectives nearly as long as the cells. Fem. fl. sepals free to the base, coriaceous; style often slightly curved. Capsule J in. diam., black when dry ; lobes 3, rounded, each slightly again lobed. 4l. G. ellipticum, Wight Ic. t. 1906; everywhere quite glabrous or fem. fl. and fruit sparsely pubescent, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous elliptic- oblong or lanceolate acute or acuminate often unequal-sided base acute, male pedicels rather short, sepals linear-oblong, anthers 3, fem. fl. sessile capi- tately clustered. sepals oblong obtuse or subacute, style short stout conical glabrous 6-toothed narrower than the globose tomentose 4-6-celled ovary, capsule very shortly pedicelled depressed obscurely 4—6-lobed glabrous or puberulous. G. diversifolium, Beddome Forester’s Man. 193. Phyllanthus diversifolius, var. B. longifolia, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 378, and m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 298. Sourn Concan, Law. MALABAR, Wight (Kew Distrib. 2576 and 2663). ., A shrub; branchlets slender, angled. Leaves variable, sometimes very unequal- sided, narrowed into the short glabrous petiole; nerves slender, raised beneath, Cross-nervules very obscure; stipules triangular-hastate, often falcate. Male pedicels very slender, always glabrous, as are the flowers. Male fl. minute. black 7 hen dry. Capsule } in. diam., pubescent in Wight’s figure, —Very near G. mala- baricum, if not a variety of that plant. I find no difference in the styles. G. ellip- ticum has broader stipules, shorter fem. sepals, longer connectives, and larger fruit. Var, Wightiana; leaves smaller 3 by $ in. caudate-acuminate, „stipules subu- late, P. diversifolia, var., and Wightiana, Muell. Arg. l. e. G. diversifolium, B. yg ghtiana, Beddome Forester's Man. 193. Bradieia Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 42. G. . 4n Linnea xxxiv. 65; branchlets glaucifolium, Muell. Arg. in Lt VASE in. elliptic or elliptie- very slender and leaves quite glabrous, leaves 23— 9vate or -oblong acuminate base very unequal, petiole slender, flower very punute, male shortly pedicelled glabrous, anthers 3, fem. subsessile, sepais hispid, style conical obtuse glabrous longer than the puberulous ovary, cap- Sule depressed turbinate 3—4-angled glabrous crown flat. K 2 For. FI. Y 322 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) (Glochidion. i. 345. Phyllanthus glaucifolius, Wall. Cat. 7923; Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 378, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 298. TENASSERIM ; at Martaban, Wallich; Mergui, Griffith. Branches terete, smooth ; branchlets long, glabrous to the tips. Leaves thin, dark above when dry, dirty white beneath, upper base rounded, lower acute; nerves 8-10 pair, exceedingly slender, cross-nervules faint; petiole 1—3 in. ; stipules triangular. Flowers in minute axillary clusters; male } in. diam., pedicels as long; sepals of both sexes oblong, obtuse ; fem. fl. 4, in. long, including the exserted style.—I have seen no capsules, and there is neither flower nor fruit in Wallich’s specimens, which are the only ones mentioned by Mueller, who, however, describes the cap- sules as above; as does Kurz, who adds that they are }—1 in. diam., and sometimes’ pruinose. Kurz further describes the sepals of both sexes as smooth, but they are hispid in Griffith/'s specimens (a character of no moment in the genus). The style at length becomes twice the length of the sepals. In Wallich’s specimens the branches are very glaucous. It resembles 18. G. megastigma. 43. G. andamanicum, Kurz For. FL ii. 346; glabrous except the puberulous flowers, branchlets angular and compressed, leaves 3-4 in. thin orbieular ovate or broadly elliptic-oblong glaucous beneath, male fl. small on short slender pedicels, sepals oblong obtuse puberulous, anthers 3, fem. fl. minute clustered sessile, style thick conical truncate nearly as broad as the tomentose 4—6-celled ovary tip 5-6-lobed, capsule large much depressed strongly 8-12-lobed hispidly pubescent, style very small conical sunk in the intruded crown. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS; rare, Kurz. An evergreen tree; branchlets long, stout, and leaves grey-black when dry. Leaves very glaucous beneath, base rounded or suddenly acute ; nerves 5-7 pair, very slender, arched, nervules few distant; petiole } in., rather slender; stipules subulate. Male pedicels X in ; perianth 54, in. diam.; connectives acute. Capsules sessile, }—} in. diam., thinly crustaceous, crown sunk. Seeds large, red, irregularly trigo- nously ovoid. 44. G. velutinum, Wight Ic. t. 1907/2; branches petioles leaves beneath and inflorescence more or less (sometimes densely) pubescent or tomentose, leaves 2-5 in. from orbicular to ovate elliptic or oblong obtuse or subacute rarely narrower and acuminate, male fl. shortly pedicelled, sepals sparsely hairy, anthers 3, fem, subsessile or very shortly pedicelled, sepals oblong, style stout enlarged at the truncate toothed tip and 4-7- celled ovarv tomentose, capsule depressed globose 4-7-celled and lobed pubescent, style short in the depressed top. Beddome Forester’s Man. 195. Phyllanthus velutinus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 309. P. nepalensis, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 375, and in DC. Le. 291; Brandis For, F1, 453. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 344. Bradleia ovata, Wall. Cat. 7892; Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorb,. 638. Hot valleys of the Himataya; from Kashmir, Clarke, eastwards to BURMA and the Knasta Mrs., alt. 3000 ft., Griffith, &c. Deccan PENINSULA from the Concan to the Nilghiri Hills. A small tree, 20-30 ft., very variable as to the pubescence of the branches and leaves. ‘Those in western and southern examples are clothed with white or tawny tomentum, in eastern ones they are much more glabrous. Leaves rather coriaceous . e or thin, puberulous or glabrate above ; nerves rather strong beneath, as are often t cross-nervules ; petiole 4'.—3 in., stout; stipules triangular. Male fl. 445-5 ™ jam.; sepals oblong; connectives short. Fem. fl. usually densely clustered ; sepals of the male; style variously toothed, tip glabrous. Capsule variable, 4—4 in. diam.— eastern form might be regarded as a variety with more glabrous leaves ins flowers, approaching closely to G. Heyneanum in habit and foliage, and specim may be found to unite these species. Wallich’s examples of B. ovata are in a very Glochidion.] ^ cxxxv. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 323 young state, in which I think that the styles are either undeveloped or arrested in development, whence Mueller’s reference of it to a section with depressed or deplanate styles, 45. G. Heyneanum, Wight Ic. v. 11.29 and t. 1908 (right-hand figure); branchlets slender tomentose, leaves 2-5 in. thin elliptic or oblong obtuse acute or cuspidate sparsely pubescent beneath, male fl. small shortly pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. longer pedicelled clustered, sepals narrow sub- acute, style slender exserted clavate truncate pubescent narrower than the pubescent 4—5-celled ovary, capsules pedicelled depressed 8-12.lobed 4—5- celled glabrous or puberulous, style very short. Beddome Forester's Man. ., Gynoon Heyneanum, Wight & Arn. in Dietr. Synops. v. 388. Phyllanthus Heyneanus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 311. Lower BENGAL, from the foot of the SIKKIM and BRorAN HIMALAYA southwards to the Crecars. A tree, 30-40 ft. Leuves almost membranous, brown when dry, base acute, above 8 abrous except the midrib; nerves slender, tomentose beneath, nervules distinct ; petiole 3; in., tomentose ; stipules triangular. Male pedicels 5-3 in., and linear- oblong sepals hoary-pubescent. Fem. pedicels slender, as long as the flower or longer ; style when fully developed twice the length of the perianth, base hardly contracted. Capsules l in. diam., at length glabrous.—Very near to states of G. velutinum, but more slender, with less tomentose leaves, much more slender styles, id smaller flowers and seeds. The leaves of both seem to be caducous in rying. 46. G. acuminatum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 68; branches long slender and leaves beneath hoary-pubescent, leaves 4-6 in. lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, flowers all pedicelled, fem. densely fascicled, sepals very unequal, anthers 3, style clavate truncate 4—6-lobed pubervlous twice as long as the sepals, capsule very small long-pedicelled depressed deeply 4~-6-lobed hoary, style minute in the deeply sunk top. Briedelia acu- mnata, Wall. Cat. 7585. Phyllanthus bicolor, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. v. d. 311; Brandis For. Fl. 453; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 353. Nerat, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft, J. D. H, &c. Kuasta MTS., alt. -6000 ft., Griffith, &c. . . L An evergreen tree; branchlets often 2 ft. long, drooping, tips tomentose. Caves glabrous above except the midrib and greenish when dry, grey-white beneath with strong slauting nerves, nervules few faint; petiole very short, pubescent; stipules triangular-ovate, acuminate. Male fl. small, nearly glabrous; sepals ovate ; connectives umbonate. Capsules 4-} in. diam., lobes subglobose.—4A very Well marked species. 47. G. superbum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb, 638; branchlets very T. and leaves beneath and inflorescence densely tomentose. Jes cu pin. thickly coriaceous orbicular elliptic or ovate-oblong tip rounde or .Pidate and’ obtuse base broad)y rounded or cordate, nerves very strong, i n stout peduncles, male on long etary pedicels, sepals linear-oblong, s short sepals oblong hispid, ovary 3-celled an 324 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J.D. Hooker) [Glochidion. Penane, Wallich, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1349, 2521). Prax, Scortechini, King’s Collector. Mawacoa, Hervey. SINGAPORE, Schomburgk, &c.— DISTRIB. Borneo, Java. A tree, 30-40 ft.; branchlets as thick as a swan’s quill. Leaves on Singapore specimens rounded, 2}-34 by 24-3 in., in others longer and 3—4 in. diam., dull greenish brown or grey when dry and very rigid, scaberulous above with imperfect nerves, beneath thickly softly tomentose with 6-12 pairs of very strong arched spreading nerves and reticulate cross-nervules; petiole very short and thick; stipules long, slender, subulate from a triangular base. Peduncles 4 in., stout. Male pedicels 4-3 in., very many, capillary; perianth i in. diam. ; connectives acute. Fem. jl. minute. Capsules 1-4 in., pericarp and cocci very thin. 48. Œ. leiostylum, Kurz For. Fl. ii 345; branchlets slender and glabrous or hispidulous, leaves 2-3 in. thin ovate elliptic oblong or oblong- lanceolate rather abruptly narrowed to an obtuse or acuminate point glabrous, male fi. long pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. fl. solitary or few and clustered minute sessile, sepals oblong obtuse, ovary 3-celled villous, style exserted glabrous narrowly conical tip acutely 3-cleft, capsule small sessile or shortly pedicelled depressed 6-lobed hoary, style very minute. Bradleia coronata, Wall. Cat. 7854 (the Singapore plant). PEGU to TENASSERIM, ascending to 4000 ft., Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4861), Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4854), M:Lelland, Kurz, &c. Mauvacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 484, 4877). SINGAPORE, Wallich. An evergreen shrub or small tree. Leaves dark brown when dry, shining above and sometimes on both surfaces, base rounded or very unequal-sided, one side acute the other rounded; petiole slender, 4,3 in.; stipules subulate from a triangu'ar base. Male pedicels glabrous or pubescent, }—} in. ; sepals linear-oblong ; connectives rather long, acute, glabrous or hispidulous. Fem. sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous or puberulous. Capsule l in. diam., crustaceous. Seeds hemispheric.—Kurz describes the leaves beneath petioles and midrib as pubescent. This is not so in a specimen named by himself, in which the leaves are very like those of G. lævigatum. . 49. G. khasicum, Hook. f.; everywhere quite glabrous, leaves 3—4 1n rigid elliptic acuminate, male fl. few, sepals lanceolate obtuse, anthers 3 fem. few clustered subsessile, sepals ovate-oblong subacute very unequal, style 2-3 times as long as the sepals subcylindric 3-grooved acutely unequally 2-3-toothed gradually dilated into the glabrous ovary, capsule very shortly pedicelled depressed 3-6-lobed quite glabrons, style as long stont deciduous. Phyllanthus khasicus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 8- SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H.,&c. Knmasia Hinis, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4357, 4851), &c. An umbrageous dark green tree, 50 ft., branches woody, branchlets angled. Leaves when dry pale above, grey brown beneath, base acute and decurrent on the short stout petiole ; nerves 5-6 pair, slender, arched ; stipules triangular-ovate. Male fl. shortly pedicelled ; connectives umbonate. Fem. sepals erect, coriaceous. Capsule $in. diam., lobes rounded. Seeds hemispheric.— The style is hardly ever clavate. 50. G. nemorale, Thwaites Enum. 286; usually quite glabrous or nearly so, leaves 4-7 in. very coriaceous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate base acute or rounded, nerves 3-4 pairs very obliquely ascending, male fl. shortly pedicelled, anthers 3, connectives very long, tem- als densely clustered subsessile or pedicelled glabrous or pubescent, Sep narrowly oblong, style stout columnar slightly curved 3-fid glabrous the times longer than the narrowly oblong sepals, base contracted above y globose 3—4-celled glabrous ovary. Beddome Foresters Man. 195. P hyllan thus nemoralis, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 312. Glochidion.| ^ oxXxv. EUPHORBIAcEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) .925 CEYLON, Walker; Pasdun Corle, Thwaites. Branchlets stout, not flexuous, terete, smooth, sometimes shortly hairy. Leaves very smooth, greenish brown when dry; nerves 4-5 pair, very slender, ascending, lower almost parallel to the margin, nervules indistinct ; petiole very short and stout; stipules triangular. Flowers male and Jem. together in rather dense clusters, from Which the long stout styles spread stellately. Male pedicel {-{ in.; sepals broad; connectives lanceolate, as long as the cells. Fem. sepals tree to the base; style $ in. long, sometimes slightly thickened upwards. Capsule unknown.—The glabrous long acuminate leaves with very slanting nerves seem characteristic of this species. 9l. G. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 286 (excl. syn.); branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence tomentose or villous, leaves 4-8 in. corlaceous elliptic-lanceolate or oblong acuminate or caudate base rounded or acute, nerves 6-8 pairs, male fl. shortly pedicelled, anthers 3, connectives long, em. very numerous sessile or pedicelled densely clustered hispid, style clavate twice or thrice as long as the linear sepals pubescent 3-cleft rather narrower than the globose pubescent or glabrate 3-celled ovary, capsule glo- bose slightly depressed and 6-lobed tipped with short hirsute pubescent or glabrate style. G. glaucogynum, Beddome Forester’s Man. 195. Phyllan- thus Moonii, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 312. P. pubescens, Moon Cat. 65. P. glaucogynus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 312. Czvrox, Walker, Gardner, Thwaites (n. 2150). . A shrub or small tree ; branchlets rather stout, flexuous, Leaves 2-34 in, broad, Dot black or brown when dry, puberulous or glabrate above, rarely so beneath ; nerves 8-10 pair, usually strong beneath ; petiole d in., very stout; stipules oblong-lanceolate. Maie ft. few in the clusters of fem.; connectives as long as the cells. Fem. fl. with the styles 1 in. long ; sepals free nearly to the base, hispid. Capsule 33 in. diam.— ls is clearly Mueller’s P. glaucogynus, both according to the number he quotes (C.P. 2150) and his description of foliage and style, which latter is clavate also in Thwaites’ description. , 92. G. montanum, Thwaites Enum. 286; branches and inflorescence hispidly tomentose, leaves 14-3 in. ovate broadly oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or cuspidate beneath more or less tomentose or glabrate, base oblique rounded or subacute, male fl. pedicelled, stamens 3, connectives very long, fem, f. sessile, style long, cylindric or subclavate more or less hairy, toothed, capsule depressed globose 3-celled 6-lobed glabrous. Phyl ae thus sy mplocoides, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 311. G. symplocoides, ome Forester’s Flor. 195. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., Thwaites. . . A tree, 15-20 ft. Central very coriaceous, nerves few strong beneath, stipules tri- angular lanceolate. Fem. sepals narrow ; style straight slender, 3—4 times as long tv l b sepals, narrower at the base than the globose pubescent ovary. Capsule rather deep y " *d.—l'hwaites describes this as closely allied to G. Moonii, but more a ith the leaves not acuminate and capsule glabrous. ag? G. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 286; branches glabrous or with the mtlorescence hispidly tomentose, leaves 2~3 in. orbicular oblong elliptic ante Or cuspidately acuminate base acute, male fl shortly pedice led, tiere 3, fem, sessile few in a cluster, style very slender glabrous 3-toothed Tice as long as the narrow sepals and narrower than the globose 3-ce ed ovary, capsule glabrous depressed 3-lobed. G. leptogynum, oe ome xy. i gi Man. 195. Phyllanthus leptogynus, Muell. Arg. tn DC. Prodr. CEYLON ; Central Province, Walker, Gardner. 826 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glochidion. A small tree ; branchlets slender, flexuous, angled. Leaves dark brown when dry, hardly coriaceous ; nerves 4—5 pair, hardly raised beneath ; petiole -5—4 in.; stipules small, ciliate. Male pedicels l in., and linear sepals hispid; connectives nearly as long as the anthers. Fem. calyx tubular at the base. Var. B., Thwaites l. c. ; leaves narrower and longer elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate very pale brown when dry, nerves 6-8 pair, fem. fl. sometimes pediceiled sparsely hispid or glabrous.—Reigam Corle, Thwaites.—This looks very different, but I expect Thwaites is right in regarding it as a variety. 54. G. coronatum, Hook. f.; branches hirsutely tomentose, leaves 3-5 in. subsessile membranous elliptic-oblong acuminate sparsely hirsute beneath, male fl. minute pedicelled hispid, stamens 3, connectives umbonate, fem. fl. few sessile in dense axillary clusters, ovary villous, style slender cylindric 2-3 times as long as the lanceolate acute tomentose sepals acutely 3-cleft glabrous above, capsule subsessile 3-6-lobed hoary-tomentose. Bradleia coronata, Wall. Cat. 7857 (not B. coronata, No.7854, from Singapore). Phyllanthus penangensis, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 310. TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4854). PxNANG, Wallich, Curtis, &c. PERAK; in rocky places, King’s Collector. A shrub (in Perak 8-12 ft.) ; branches slender. Zeaves equal or unequal at the base, dull grey on both surfaces, nerves slender; petiole not 4j in. Capsule j in. diam., depressed, top sunk, style deciduous. 99. G. villicaule, Hook. f:; branchlets hirsutely tomentose with spreading rusty hairs, leaves 3-5 in. thin ovate elliptic or oblong obtuse acute or acuminate softly hairy and strongly reticulately nerved beneath, male fl. few, pedicels and lanceolate sepals hispid, anthers 3-5 large, fem. f. minute sessile, ovary pubescent 3-4-celled, Style much longer than the perianth subcylindric hispid subacutely 2-3-toothed, capsule subsessile depressed 6-8-lobed densely hirsute, style as long columnar acutely toothed deciduous. UPPER Burma; towards the silver mines, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4842). PERAK, Scortechini.—DiIsTRIB. Yunan. Branchlets flexuous, hairs rufous. Leaves very variable in size and shape, brown when dry, sometimes only l in. and very broadly elliptic, base subequal, acute, rounded or subcordate; nerves 6-10 pair, strong, as are the cross-nervules ; petiole very short, villous; stipules subulate. Male ff. shortly hispidly pedicelled ; anthers half as long as the sepals, connectives large free. Fem. fi. inconspicuous ; sepals narrow ; style rather slender, a little swollen above the middle and narrowed to the top. Capsule } in. diam., not deeply lobed, top hardly depressed, style usually leaving a minute rustily hairy base.— The specimens are not very good. Sect. II. Guocuipiorsis (see p. 307). 56. G. sericeum, Hook. f.; branchlets leaves beneath and flowers pubescent, leaves 2-3 in. linear-oblong obtuse base rounded or cordate puberulous above glaucous beneath, flowers all pedicelled, male sepals 6 outor spreading, anthers 3, fem. sepals 2-3, ovary globose villous 3-celled, styte 3 slender villous tips 2-fid, capsule depressed 3-lobed densely ville? Phyllanthus sericeus, Muell. Arg. in De. Prodr. xv. ii. 314. Glochi “IL nopsis sericea, Blume Bijd. 588; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 979; Batt. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 639, t. 27, f. 16, 17. PERAK, Scortechini, Wray, &c. Matacca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4969). SINGAPORE, Hullett. Glochidion.] ^ cxxxv. wupHoRBraces. (J. D. Hooker.) 327 A bush or small tree; branches pendulous. Leaves bifariously rather close-set and uniform, dull greyish green above when dry, pale beneath; nerves 10-12 pair and cross-nervules raised beneath; petiole 4 in.; stipules ovate. Male pedicels } in., perianth 1; in. diam., connectives short obtuse. Fem. Ji. minute, sepals obtuse. Capsule 1-4 in. diam. Seeds nearly hemispheric.—Griffith in a note describes the fem. perianth as of 3 outer minute sepals and 3 inner larger. 97. G. dasystylum, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 344; branchlets and leaves beneath softly tomentose, leaves 2-3 in. thin ovate acuminate base obtuse or rounded, fem. fl. long pedicelled subumbellately fascicled, styles 3 filiform airy, capsules fascicled pedicels slender depressed 3—4-celled 6-8-lobed tomen- tose with spreading hairs, ManrABAN ; in forests east of Tounghoo, ascending to 3500 ft., Kurz. , An evergreen tree, 15-20 ft. ; branchlets slender, terete, almost hirsute with rusty hairs. Leaves pubescent or glabrate; nerves 5-7 pair, very slender, arched, cross- hervules distant; petiole 1, in., tomentose; stipules minute, subulate. Flowers 1 unknown. Capsules 1-1 in. diam. ; Styles inconspicuous, united at the base only. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN AND DOUBTFUL SPECIES. , ,98. G. mishmiense, Hook. f.; branches stout and leaves beneath and intorescence densely brown-tomentose, leaves 6-8 in. coriaceous oblong obtuse or subacute base acute glabrous above except the costa, nerves and cross- hervules strong beneath, capsules clustered pedicelled much depressed 4-8- celled 8-10-lobed densely hoary-tomentose, stigma subglobose or very shortly Conic sunk in an apical depression, seeds hemispheric red. UPPER Assam ; on the Mishmi Hills, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4843). — This has the habit of G. zeylanicum, from the tomentose varieties of which it differs y the greatly depressed capsules clothed with white tomentum and the small obtuse stigma in its small apex. ‘The capsules are nearly } in. diam., and the seeds j in. 59. G. Curtisii, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath Pubescent, leaves 5-7 by 11-2 in. linear-oblong base very unequal-sided, nerves 8-10 pair pubescent above very strong beneath, male fl. small Clastered pedicels very slender, anthers 3, connectives very short. PENANG ; Cooley Lines on Government Hill, Curtis (No. 670). This appears very distinct from all the preceding species. P PHYLLANTHUS asPERUS, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlviii. (1865) 377, and in DC. rodr. xv. ii. 297 ; branchlets hispidulous and obscurely fulvous tomentose, leaves 24-34 by 1} in. elliptic ovate or obovate tip rounded mucronulate pubescent on both surfaces and rough with subtuberculate white hairs, midrib and nerves prominent paler than the Interspaces and beautifully reticulated, pedicels of both sexes short, of male pubescent em. very short tomentose, fem, sepals oblong-obovate subacute pubescent on both en rfaces, Ovary globose 4-celled subtomentose, style subeylindric pubescent twice or nice as long as and about as broad as the ovary. Beddome Forester s Man. 198,— alabar and Concan, Stocks, Law in “ Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. d T” (Mueller Arg.). 7-1 fail to recognize this. i PRYLLANTAUS SILHETICUS, Muell. Arg. in Flora l. c. 378, and in DC 1. c.; branch- ets rather stout tomentose with black yellow or rufous bairs, leaves 34-4} by 2-2} in. eliptic oblong shortly acute margined with a yellowish line base obtuse or sub- 1 ate, nerves above and beneath softly yellowish pubescent, pedicels all very short Blobose 4-celled obscurely tomentose, style conical scarcely longer than the ovary, ple 35 in. diam, depressed small pubescent deeply 6-grooved.—Silhet, J. D. zOoker (Mueller Arg.).—I do not recognize this. Mueller says that the yellow Marginal line of the leaves resembles that of G. zeylanicum. 328 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Flueggia. 12. FLUEGGIA, Willd. Unarmed or spinescent shrubs. Leaves small, alternate, distichous, quite entire. Flowers minute, axillary, pedicelled, dicecious, apetalous ; males numerous, clustered ; females subsolitary. Matern. Sepals 5, sub- petaloid, imbricate. Stamens 5, or fewer, alternating with as many disk- glands; filaments free; anthers erect, cells parallel. Pistillode large. 2-3-fid. Fem. FL. Calyx of the male. Disk annular, toothed. Ovary 1-3-celled ; styles recurved, united below, elongate, entire, notched or 2-fid, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit globose. coriaceous, or with a fleshy epicarp, bursting irregularly or into distinct 2-valved cocci. Seeds triquetrous, dorsally convex, ventrally acute, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty ; embryo curved, coty- ledons broad flat.—Species about 6 in the tropics of the Old World. The large pistillode of the male fl.,and the usually long recurved styles united below into an erect column of the female, are the best characters for this genus. 1. F. microcarpa, Blume Bijd. 580; glabrous, unarmed, branchlets slender angled and compressed, leaves elliptic ovate obovate or orbicular loosely reticulated beneath. F. melanthesoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. vu. 490. F. Leucopyrus, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 236 (not of Willd.). F. virosa, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 593, t. 26, f. 39-43 (not of DC.); Wall. Cat. 7928. F.leucophylla, Wall. Cat. 7916. F. angulata, Baill. Ree. Obs. i. 80. F. obovata, Herb. Ham. F. elliptica, Herb. Ham. Securinega obovata, Muell. Arg.-in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 449; Brand. For. Fl. 495; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 354; Beddome Foresters Man. 197; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 115. S. Leucopyrus, Brand. For. Fl. 456, t. 54 in part. Phyllanthus obtusus, Schrank in Flora Ratisb. Syllog. ii. 65 ; Wall. Cat. 7941. P. Wightianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 6 (not 47), and in DC. l. c. 334 (not 425); Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 180. P. lucidus, Hort. ez Steud. Nomencl. P. virosus, Roxb, in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 578, and in Fl. Ind. in. 659; Wall. Cat. 7928 A, B (C in part), È. P. griseus, Wall. Cat. 7918 A in pert. P. leucophyllus, Herb. Strachey & Winterb. P. retusus, Roxb. l. c. 657. P. glaucus, Wall. Cat. 7997 B. P. rotundatus, Herb. Wight. Leptonema melanthesioides, F. Muell. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ix. (1897) 17. Cicca obovata, Kurz For. Fl.ii. 354. C. pentandra, Blanco Fl. Filipp- 486. Chorizandra pinnata, Wight Ic. t. 1994. Xylophylla obovata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 229. Bessera inermis, Spreng. Pugill. ii. 90. Drypetes bengalensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 902. Bradleia dioica, Vahl mss.— Wall. Cat. Throughout INDIA; from Kashmir ascending the Himalaya to 5000 ft., to Bhotan, and Assam and southwards to Malacca and Travancore. SOIND, Stocks. CEYLON, Kelaart.—DisTRIB. China, Malay Islands, Australia, Trop. Africa. . A deciduous-leaved large shrub or small tree (Kurz). Leaves very variable, thin, 1-3 in. long, subgiaucous beneath, tip rounded, obtuse, acute or rarely retuse ; nerves 5-7 pairs, very slender; petiole 1-1 in., slender. Flowers usually in very dense fascicles from a crowd of minute bracts, 5—5 in. diam. ; pedicels $-4 in., capillary, females the longest. Sepals rounded or oblong, concave. Stamens 3-5 alternately with glands usually far exserced, filaments sometimes very long, all free to the base. Pistillodes 3, united at the base, slender, erect, with recurved simple or lobulate tips» rarely 2 or 0. Ovary ovoid, on an annular disk ; styles 3, bifid. Fruit globose, 9 two sizes, mostly minute 3-] in. diam. with a dry pericarp, a few j in. diam. white with a fleshy pericarp, Seeds 3-6, minutely punctate. ` 2. F. Leucopyrus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 757 ; a glabrous woody tortuous bush, branchlets stout ending in spines, leaves obovate obcordate oF orbica Flueggía.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 329 lar. A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 106, t. 2, £. 7 A; Wight Ic. t. 1875; Thwaites Enum. 981. F. xerocarpa, A. Juss. le. t. 2, f. 7 B. F. virosa, Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl.936. F. Wallichiana, Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorh, 592. Securinega Leucopyrus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 451; Brand. For. Fl. 456, t. 54 (tn part); Beddome Forester's Man. 197. t. 24, f. 4 and 1-6; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 354. 8. virosa, Baill. Adans. vi. 334. Cicca Leucopyrus, Kurz For. FL ii. 353. Phyllanthus albicans, Wall. Cat. 7937. P. Leucopyrus, Ken. mss. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 658; Wall. Cat. 7938. P. Lucena, Heyne mss. Xylophylla Lucena, Roth Nov. Sp. 185. The Pangan PLAIN, Duthie. Deccan PENINSULA, from Canara southwards. Burma, Griffith. CEYLON, abundant. This differs from F. microcarpa more in habit and foliage than in flowers or fruit ; the leaves are smaller, broader, and more rigid, rarely 1 in. long, with longer petioles, the nerves less distinct, the flowers even smaller, the fruit identical. Mueller describes the styles as entire, and they are so represented by Wight, but they are usually 2-fid, as in Brandis’ figure. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. F. PnvLLANTHOrEs, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 592; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 452; an altogether doubtful plant, said by Baillon to differ from the ahurian (Securinega ramiflora, Muell. Arg. l. c. 449) in the leaves not being entire, and to have been collected in the Himalaya by Strachey and Winterbottom, and to exist in the Paris Museum ; where, however, Mueller searched for it fruitlessly. 13. BREYNIA, Forst. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves small, alternate, petioled, quite entire, often distichous, Flowers minute, axillary, monoecious. Petals and Disk 0. ALE Fu. Calyx turbinate or hemispheric, truncate, rim of the tube often much thickened and lobulate opposite the minute lobes which are inflected and rounded. Stamens 3, filaments united into a column; anthers adnate 9 the whole length of the column very slender, cells linear parallel distinct. tstillode 0. FEM. FL. Calyx coriaceous, hemispheric turbinate campanu- ite or rotate, broadly shortly 6-lobed, fruiting often greatly enlarged and Scform. Staminodes Q. Ovary globose or truncate or depressed at the P. fleshy above, 3-celled ; styles 3, sessile or united in a short column, d or 2-lobed ; or stigmas 3, minute simple immersed in a cavity at the P of the ovary; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit more or less succulent, glo- se or depressed, indehiscent or with a 6-valved pericarp, and 3-6 trigonous „Perforate indehiscent cocci. Seeds with a membranous testa and fleshy T bumen, ecaruneulate; cotyledons broad, radicle long.— Species about 12, Topical Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands. * Calyx of female greatly enlarged in fruit. l. B. patens, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 277; quite glabrous, leaves membranous elliptic oblong or ovate obtuse or subacute, style exserted with “id arms, fruit depressed 6-12-seeded seated on the greatly enlarged calyx Melanth i in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 487; . esopsis patens, Muell. Arg. in . Prodr. xv. Y. ; urz For. Fl ii. 348 ; Beddome Forester's Man. 196. M. variabilis, M xett . . . M. tur- WV. in Linnea xxxii, 75, Melanthesa obliqua, Wight Te. tinata, Wight Je. t 1807; Dale. Gils. Bomb. Fl. 234. Phyllanthus A atens, Roxb, pr, Ind. ii. 667; Wall. Cat. 7911. P. turbinatus, Ken, mss. rag, l c. 666; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 180. P. suffultus, Wall. Cat. Mi M retusus, Dennst, in Dillw. Rev. Hort. Mal. 24. P. Naviruli, quel. Plant, Hohenack., No. 1556. P. pomaceus, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 63. 330 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Breynia. P. glaucifolius, Wall. mss. P. rhamnifolius, Herb. Heyne. P. virosus, Herb. Wight. P. cernuus, Herb. Ham.— Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. 43. TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Nepal to Mishmi, Assam, the Kuasia MTS., SILRET CHITTAGONG, MUNNIPORE and Burma. ‘The DkccAN PENINSULA, from tbe Concan and Orissa southwards. CEYLON ; ascending to 3000 ft. An erect tree ( Roxb.) ; a shrub 3-6 ft. (Kurz) with spreading branches. Leaves distichous, 3-1 in. long, rather glaucous beneath, brown when dry; nerves 3-5 pair, raised, nervules lax; petiole 5—3 in.; stipules minute, acute. Male fl. 3ye 1n. drooping, pedicels capillary. Calyx turbinate or campanulate, thickened rim of tube crenate. Staminal column produced beyond the anthers. Fem. fl. 5/5 in. diam., shorter pedicelled. Calyx broadly funnel-shaped, often exceeding the fruit ; lobes reniform, apiculate. Ovary truncate; style very stout, with 3 short forked arms. Fruit 4-2 in. broad. Seeds with the ventral edge entire. 2. B. angustifolia, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or linear- oblong tip rounded base unequal, flowers shortly pedicelled, male calyx campanulate, outer margin of tube raised 6-lobed lobes usually retuse or emarginate, fem. broadly funnel-shaped with 6 broad rounded apiculate lobes, fruit small depressed globose seated on the much enlarged calyx. Prev; at Rangoon, M‘Lelland. TENASSERIM, at Mergui, Griffith; Moulmein, Parish, PERAK, King’s Collector. A shrub; branches and branchlets terete. Leaves 2-1 by }-} in., rather mem- branous, close set distichously on the branchlets, paler or glaucous beneath; petiole Yg-ig iN. ; stipules very minute. Flowers solitary or clustered, very minute, pedicels usually rather longer than the calyx, slender. Male calyx ~y; in. ; fem. To78 Staminal column truncate. Ovary turbinate, sides grooved ; style very stout, with 3 short recurved 2-lobed arms. Fruit 4 in. diam, Seeds with the ventral edge acute entire. 3. B. coronata, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse glau- cous beneath, flowers solitary very shortly pedicelled, male calyx hemisphere outer margin of tube obtusely toothed, tem. broadly infundibular, ovary included broadly cuneiform truncate top concave with 3 minute centra stigmas very globose crowned with a raised ring seated on the enlarged patel- liform calyx. Perak, King’s Collector. A small tree, 10-20 tt.; branchlets compressed and leaves above black when dry. Leaves 13-2} in., membranous, nerves 5-6 pair, very slender; petiole $ in., slender, stipules minute subulate. Male fl. 7e In. diam.; mouth very minute; pedicel slender; fem. fl. } in. long, pedicel stouter. Fruit globose, } in. diam., red, epicarp thin, endo- carp coriaceous 6-valved ; cocci 6, trigonous ; enlarged calyx 4 in. diam. ** Calyx of female slightly enlarged in fruit. 4. B. rhamnoides, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 440 (excl. vars. a7.) shrubby, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled membranous elliptic ovate or rounded obtuse or subacute, flowers on short pedicels, calyx of male tur- binate or subcampannlate mouth of tube entire or obscurely lobed, of fem. hemispherie shortly 6-lobed, ovary truncate, fruit small globose seated on the small slightly enlarged calyx. Brand. For. Fl. 455; Kurz For. ii. 350; Beddome Forester's Man. 196 (t. xxiv. f. 2, by error named Melan, thesopsis petens). B. oblongifolia, Muell. Arg. l. c. 400 (the Penang plan only). Melanthesa rhamnoides, Wight Te. t. 1898; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 ii. 370; Thwaites Enum. 285. Phyllanthus rhamnoides, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1*- 580 (not of Roxb.) P. Vitis-idea, Roxb. FT. Ind. iii. 665. P. trisU$ v Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 108, t. 5, f. 16. P. sepiarius, Roxb. mss.; Wall. Cat. Breynia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 331 7914. P. cinerascens, Wall. Cat. 7915 C. P. virosus, Herb. Wight in Wall. Cat. 7939 C. P. oblongifolius, Dennast. in Dillw. Rev. Hort. Mal. 24. P. tinctorius, Vahl mss. (ex Baill.). Throughout TROPICAL INDIA; from OupH, Hamilton, and BANDA, Edgeworth, eastwards to UPPER AssaM and BURMA, and southwards to TRAVANCORE, MALACCA, SINGAPORE and Ceyton.—Disrrie, China, Malay Islands, Philippines. A shrub or small tree; branches horizontal, flexuous, bifarious, Leaves 3-1 in., dark brown or black when dry, pale beneath; petiole 455 in.; stipules minute, Flowers often dicecious ?, 4-45 in. long; pedicels usually decurved, variable in length. Staminal column truncate. Ovary exserted; styles very obscure. Fruit in. diam., red, succulent. Seeds & in. long; testa imperforate except at the very base.— Very near B. cernua of the Malay Archipelago, but. the fem. calyx is much smaller. Edgeworth's Banda specimens have not blackened in drying. Mueller and others describe the male fl, as springing from minute branchlets densely clothed with bracts, but this is only occasionally the case. 5. B. discigera, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 440; finely tomentose, leaves shortly petioled elliptic rounded or ovate acute or sub- acute. flowers solitary very shortly pedicelled, male calyx turbinate or hemi- spheric outer margin of tube entire, fem. rotate shortly 6-lobed pubescent all over, ovary turbinate stigmas minute, fruit seated on the slightly enlarged pubescent calyx crowned with a raised ring. B. rhamnoides, y. pubes- cens, Muell. Arg. L c. 441. Phyllanthus pubescens, Wall. Cat. 7917 A, B. PENANG, Wallich, Curtis. SINGAPORE, Jaeger, Cantley.— DISTRIB. Siam, ranches and branchlets terete. Leaves 2-1} in., thinly coriaceous, black above when dry, beneath paler or glaucous, sparsely pubescent above, shortly tomentose neath; nerves 4-6 pair; petiole 44,45 in. Flowers subsolitary, minnte ; males, js in. long, about as long as their pedicels ; tube pubescent, teeth inflexed glabrous ; fem. subsessile, 1 in. diam., lobes very shallow, apiculate. — Stamina? column fusiform. truncate, Ovary with a convex top. Fruit globose, 3-3 in. diam., coriaceous; cocci With a small basal hole, Seeds 4 in. long. —Wallich's 7917 C is a very different plant, math rounded subcordate leaves, from Burma (Kayouk Talong); it is neither in flower nor fruit. 6. B. reclinata, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches long divaricate, leaves shortly petioled coriaceous elliptic ovate subacute very glaucous eneath, flowers shortly pedicelled, calyx of male hemispheric thickened month of tube 6-crenate, of fem. turbinate shortly 6-lobed, ovary truncate, ruit small seated on the small calyx. B. rhamnoides, var. hypoglauca, uell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 73, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 440. B. race- mosa, Muell, Arg. in DC. l. c. 441 in part. Melanthesa r-clinata, Muell. Arg. in Linnea 1. c. 74. Phyllanthus reclinatus, Roxb. FI. Ind. in. 669. Dil GArORE and Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4813, Maingay 1356), &c.— TRIB, Sumatra, Java. subseandent shrub. black when dry, branches and long branchlets terete, decurved. : : : in.: sti ninute. Flowers vell tt 1-1} in.; nerves 4-6 pairs; petiole j';—5 m. ; stipules outh contracted : . 1 Y Li p °W, On short usually decurved pedicels; males yẹ in. long, mou , fem, p ; ‘ate, Ovary exserted - rather la i I a}ig taminal column truncate, 4 ed, irger, broadly funnel-shaped. S Sds i. truncate, stigmas min vui } in. diam., globose, depressed, red. ae ig In ong, with a trianguli basal. vewttal cavity Muellers B. racemosa is a mixture ; it jy utains Zolinger's No. 177 from Java, which is undoubtedly B. reclinata, and I ence assume that the Singapore plant referred to racemosa 15 also reclinata ; but Olinger’s No, 176, with a much smaller fruit and a much enlarged calyx, is quite a erent species, possibly B. virgata, Mueller has, in DC. Prodr., erroneously referred xburgh’s P. reclinatus to the Chinese Breynia (Melanthesopsis) fruticosa (Melan- Siam, chinensis, Blume), together with Wallich's No. 7925, which is a third plant from 332 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Breynia. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. B. PANICULATA, Spreng. Pugill. ii. 93; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 442, a plant with 5 glandular-crisped stigmas, cannot be of this genus. The only locality given is Mountains of India. . Melanthesopsis fruticosa, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 349, cannot well be Mueller's plant of this name, which has terete branches, and has not been found elsewhere in India. Kurz’s plant grows in dry hill forests of Martaban at 2500-4000 ft. elevation. Breynia sp. ? from Bamo in Burma, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4818), a fragment ofa plant resembling a B. reclinata with 6 erect conical styles ? surrounding the truncate top of the ovary. A somewhat similar plant from the Calcutta Bot. Garden has 3 erect bifid styles from the truncate top of the ovary; it is a mere fragment. The leaves resemble those of B. coronata. 14. SAUROPUS, Blume. Small shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, distichous, mem- branous, quite entire ; stipules minute. Flowers minute, axillary, monoecious, apetalous, solitary or clustered. Mae FL. Calyx disciform, urceolate or turbinate, 6-lobed or -cleft, mouth very small, with superficial thickenings that meet around the stamens. Stamens 3, filaments combined in a very short truncate 3-gonous column, anthers sessile on the angles of the column; cells linear or subglobose, parallel, extrorse. Pistillode 0. FEM. FL. Calyz 6-cleft, persistent, accrescent. Ovary ovoid or globose, top rounded or con- cave, 3-celled; styles 3, sessile, depressed, spreading, with 3 recurved or incurved arms; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit globose or depressed, epicarp fleshy or coriaceous, 6-valved or rupturing irregularly, containing 6 inde- hiscent 3-gonous crüstaceous or bony cocci. Albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 20, Indian and Malayan. Sect. I. Eusaurorus, Muell. Arg. Styles apical or subapical. Leaves 1}-4 in. long. * Leaves penninerved. 1. S.albicans, Blume Bijd. 596; quite glabrous, branchlets angular, leaves very shortly petioled ovate-oblong obtuse or acute penninerved, male calyx disciform 6-lobed, lobes broad, fruit sessile white 2 in. diam., epicarp fleshy bursting irregularly, cocci with a broad ventral hollow. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 240; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 635, t. 27, f. 19,20; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 349; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 366; Hassk. Hort. Bogor. ed. 2,49. S. indicus, Wight Ic. t. 1952; Miquel l. c.; Hassk. l. c. 91. Gardnerianus, Wight Ic. t. 1951; Thwaites Enum. 984. S. zeylanicus, Wight Ic. t. 1952. Agyneia ovata, Miquel l. c. 367. Phyllanthus strictus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 670; Wall. Cat. 7933. Cluytia androgyna, Linn. Manuss. 128. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; hot valleys, J. D. H. SILHET and the KHASIA HIt1s and Burma, Wallich, &c., to TENASSERIM, Matacca and PENANG, TRAVANCORE, Wight. C&vLoN; Central Province, ascending to 4000 ft.—DrsTRIB. Java, Philippines. t An erect undershrub, with often a slender simple stem umbellately branched s the top; stem and branches terete, green. Leaves 14-3 in., glaucous benea th; petiole 35 in., slender; stipules persistent. Flowers small, males 3-3 ìn- dam greenish red; pedicels capillary. Calyx-lobes of fem. broad, obtuse, emargina™ or 2-lobed, rather enlarged in fruit. Fruit with a fleshy epicarp ; cocci ] in. Pro Odour of the whole dried plant like celery. Mueller describes the fruit as stipitas but it is quite sessile; possibly he took S. stipitatus for the same species. ie hardly recognize Mueller's two varieties (Linnea xxii. 72, and DC. l. c.), Gardneriana Sauropus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 333 and zeylanica; noue of Thwaites’ or Gardner's specimens have **acutely acuminate leaves,” and I find nothing answering to the acute calyx-lobes of zeylanicus figured by Wight. The fleshy aril of some authors is the remains of the septa between the seeds. ` 2. S. retroversus, Wight Ic. t. 1951; leaves of S. albicans, male calyx reflected on the pedicel in an urceolate form mouth 6-toothed, fem. discoid with 3 outer rounded lobes and 3 inner smaller subacute ones, fruit lin. white pyriform. Thwaites Enum. 284; Muell. Arg.in DC. Prodr. Xv. ii. 241, CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites, &. m The specimens do not enable me to add anything to the above description ; they are in male fl. only, and appear abnormal. The fruit difers wholly from that of albicans. 3. S. assimilis, Thwaites Enum.984; leaves of S. albicans, male calyx of S narrow cylindric incurved obtuse segments. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1. 249. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. Male flowers alone are known of this curious species, 4. S. stipitatus, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, branches terete, leaves very shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate penninerved, fem. calyx “partite, lobes narrow, fruit globose stipitate, epicarp crustaceous splitting stellately into 6 valves, cocci closed with a very small basal ventral notch. Sikkim Hrwaraya; Darjeeling (Herb. Griffith). Leaves 2-3} by 3-1 in. base LAE IM or es petiole 5 in. Calyx not or but little enlarged in fruit, 5-partite, segments linear-oblong, obtuse. Fruit j in. am., globose; peduncle 4 in.— Distinguished from S. albicans by the longer dif- ferently-shaped leaves, calyx and fruit. I have seen no male flowers. The female ower is unlike that of the genus. 5. S. oblongifolius, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, branchlets terete, leaves very shortly petioled oblong or linear-oblong obtuse penninerved, calyx dis- Cifurm 6-lobed, lobes rounded or reniform, fruit depressed globose sessile, epicarp thin erustaceous subvalvular, cocci with a broad ventral hollow. ay? Assam, Masters; Dailoon in the Mishmi Hills, Grifith (Kew Distrib. Branchlets slender. Leaves 21-3 in., dark green, very membranous, base acute ; etiole Ys in. Fruit obscurely 6-lobed ; peduncle ġ in. Seeds j-3 in. long, 2^ nl 8. albicans — Near S. aibicans, but the branchlets are terete, the leaves have paralle sides and are not narrowed towards the tip, and the fruit is smaller, 4-3 in. diam., depressed and 6-furrowed, not fleshy, the cocci 33; in. long. 6. S. lanceolatus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches terete, leaves very shortly petioled lanceolate acuminate penninerved, calyx Spare Segments oblong, frnit globose sessile, epicarp thin bursting irregularly, i with a very small basal ventral perforation. JPPER Assam; Mishmi Hills, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4825). Caves 3—4} by 1 a oe ii or cuneate. Calyz nof much enlarged in Dice ements oblong-obovate, revolute. Fruit j in. diam., smooth, bed ; Picarp thinly erustaceous ; cocci 1 in. long. 7. S. macrophvllu . auite glabrous, shrubby, branches S, Hook. f.; quite gia , terete, leaves very shortly petioled n^ a ovate-lanceolate acuminate pen- Dlnerved, fem. calyx deeply 5-lobed, lobes obovate-spathulate, fruit large fruit 834 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Sawropus. depressed-globose sessile, epicarp thinly crustaceous stellately 6-valved, cocci with a large ventral hollow. UPPER Assam ; Mishmi Hills at Laee pane and Yen, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4834). A shrub, 10 ft. Leaves 1-4} in. broad; petiole 1 in. Calyz-lobes in fruit a little enlarged, thick, with rounded thickened and apparently carunculated | tips. Fruit 2 in. diam., white or flesh-coloured (Griffith) ; peduncle 1-2 in.; cocci } in. long. 8. S. forcipatus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. mem- branons penninerved elliptic or oblong lanceolate acuminate base acute, male fl. disciform, lobes minnte in the centre of the disk, fem. fl. much larger sepals 6 oblong spreading and recurved, ovary oblong, styles or stigmas 3 terminal depressed divided into 2 incurved arms like forceps. PERAK, Scortechini. Branchiets stout, compressed, black when dry. Leaves very thin, 13-2 in. diam., base acute, nerves 7-8 pairs very slender, cross-nervules obscure, petiole ṣẹ 1n. slender. Male fl. in the axils of minute imbricating bracteoles shortly pedicelled, i-À in. diam., concave or nearly flat, very obscurely 6-lobed ; anthers oblong. Fem. fl. z in. diam., in the same axil with the male; pedicel short, very stout ; sepals coriaceous, tip rounded. ** Leaves triple-nerved, 9. S. trinervius, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 72, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 242; shrubby, quite glabrous, branches angled, leaves very shortly petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate triple-nerved, lobes of male calyx narrow of fem. broad, fruit globose sessile, epicarp thinly crustaceous stellately 6-valved, cocci with a large ventral hollow. Phyllanthus tri- nervius, Wall. Cat. 79292. Srxxm™m HIMALAYA ; in the Teesta Valley, Clarke. SILHET, CACHAR and the KnasraA Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft., Griffith, &c. A shrub or bushy tree, 12 ft. Leaves 3-5 in., base cuneate or rounded, nerves very slender; petiole 4'; in. : stipules 2 in., subulate. Male Ji. usually racemed oD short axillery peduncles, clothed with minute bracts, pedicel capillary, fem. solitary, both varying from d to din. diam. Calyx enlarging but not equalling the fruit in breadth, sepals obovate-oblong. Fruit 1 in. diam. ; cocci 4 in. long.— Clarke describes the male calvx as imbricate, incurved, and the fem. as of 3 broad sepals and 3 nar- rower, and 6 yellow glands. 10. S. repandus, Muell. Arg. in Flora lv. (1872) 2; glabrous, branches compressed and angular, leaves 3-nerved ovate-lanceolate, flowers in bracteate racemes, male calyx orbicular convex obsoletely 6-lobed, 3 outer fem. sepals triangular ovate obtuse base contracted inner half as long elliptic obtuse, ovary truncate, styles margined. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Nohore, alt. 2400-4000 ft., T. Anderson in Herb. Berol. Branchlets and fem. pedicels shortly papillosely hirtellous. Leaves 2-4 in. firinly membranous, base acute, rufescent beneath; nerves slender, basal about half the length of the leaf; petiole 5—5 in., stipules }-} in. Fruit unknown,—Mueller observes that the habit is entirely that of S. trinervius, but that the leaves are more shortly 3-nerved, and male flower altogether different. I have seen no specimens. Can it be a form of S. a/bicans ? which has occasionally the lowest pair of nerves rather longer than the others. Sect. IL. Cena Toa vNvM. Styles at the circumference of broad concave top of the low truncate ovary. Leaves }-] in. Sauropus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 335 ll. S. quadrangularis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 72, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 242; a dwarf glabrous shrub, branchlets angled, leaves very shortly petioled elliptic or broadly ovate or obovate obtuse or subacute penninerved, sepals of male tongue-shaped obtuse, of fem. rounded or broader than long, fruit globose, epicarp thin bursting more or less stellately, cocci with a basal ventral depression on each side of whichis a tooth. ? Kurz For. Fl. ii. 530. S. Ceratogynum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 635 (excl. citation of Wight & Thwaites); Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 243 (exel. many citations). Phyllanthus rhamnoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 663 (not of Willd.). P. quadrangularis, Wild. Sp. Pl. iv. 585. P. Myrtilus, Ham. mss. P. tenellus, Wall. Cat. 7892 A (the large specimen only). P. Leschenaultii, B. tenella, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 97. ? Ceratogynum rhamnoides, Wight Ic. t. 1900; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 234. NorTHERN BENAR; at Monghyr, Hamilton, COROMANDEL Coast, in culti- vated fields, Roxburgh. The Concan and MYSORE, Klein, Dalzell, &c.' ? BURMA; Common, Kurz. Plant about a foot high, with many slender leafy terete branches, the shoots alone being angled. Leaves à by 1 in., or broader, thin, nerves 4 or 5 pair, margins and those of the fem. sepals most minutely rough; petiole j;—,; in., very slender; stipules minute, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, solitary or male and female from the same axil (or the males long-pedicelled and in racemes from the lower axils, Roxburgh), male very minute, 4; in. diam., fem. 4 in. Styles very short, on the Margin of a crenulate ridge that bounds the broad very concave top of the ovary ; arms subulate, recurved, eventually immersed in the top of the fruit. Fruit In. diam., depressed-globose, narrower than the enlarged calyx. Seeds Js in. long ; albumen scanty.—There has been confusion in respect of this plant, which is un- doubtedly Roxburgh’s Phyll. rhamnoides and the Ceratogynum rhamnoides of Dalzell and Gibson. Wight’s figure of Ceratogynum isso unsatisfactory, and differs so much in the broadly ovate acute leaves, the large male flowers with lanceolate acuminate sepals, and fem. with acute ciliolate sepals, that I have queried its identity. S. quadrangu- laris is Apparently a very rare plant. Mueller states that specimens are in Herb. Hook. from Wight, but I find none. The only ones I have seen are Wallich's single speci- wen on sheet 7092 A, from Herb. Hamilton; another in Hamilton’s Herbarium (in dinburgh Botanical Gardens), both from Monghyr, and Daizell’s from the Concan. f the Synonyms, &c., cited by Mueller under S. Ceratogynum, Wallich s 7892 B, cited as P, Leschenaultii, B. tenella, is a/ mixture of several species of Phyllanthus ; P. rotun- difolius, No, 7 892 D of Wallich, is, I think, a barren specimen of Breynia patens ; and 2acciformis, No. 7909, is Sauropus pubescens. Baillon erroneously cites W ight aS authority for referring Ceratogynum to Sauropus. I have seen no Burmese Specimens ; ` Kurz has a variety pubescens which may be the following, and probably 18 Burmese S, quadrangularis (S. rhamnoides) is X. brevipes. 12. S. pubescens, Hook. :; branches compressed and leaves on both surfaces finely tomentose, ok J small very shortly petioled elliptic sub Acute, calyx-lobes externally tomentose, of the male cuneately pcd Cane, of fem. rounded. Phyllanthus bacciformis, Herd. Ham. in Hati. at. 7909, th Eastern HIMALAYA, and along its base; the Morung, Hamilton ; Siligoree, at e foot of the Sikkim Hills, Clarke. . Leaves à 2 in ranches slender, strict, obscurely 2-winged here and there. — Le LER membranous, nerves 3 pairs; petiole J, in.; stipules minute. Flowers i 5 I the Solitary red ; pedicels } in., very slender.—Hamilton, in a ticket ne ee k by Specimen in Wallich’s Herbarium, queries this being P. bacciformis, which mar doubt is omitted in Wall. Cat. 13. S. brevipes, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 73, and in DC. Prodr. Xv, di 242; quite glabrous, branchlets filiform angular, leaves shortly VOL, v, 336 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sauropus. petioled broadly elliptic glaucous beneath, flowers racemed on a densely bracteate peduncle, male calyx shortly 6-lobed, lobes retuse, glands large, fem. sepals obovate.— Wall. Cat. 7918 B. BURMA; at Prome, Wallich. Habit and leaves of S. quadrangularis, but the latter glaucous beneath, branch- lets much more slender, and male calyx very different. 14. S. compressus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 73, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 243; shrubby, much branched, quite glabrous, branchlets angled and compressed, leaves very shortly petioled elliptic or broadly oblong obtuse or apiculate penninerved, flowers very minute, calyx of both sexes with 6 short broad retuse or obreniform lobes, fruit pisiform sessile, epicarp thin bursting irreeularly, cocci with a minute basal ventral perfora- tion. Kurz For. FL. ii..350. CENTRAL and Eastern HIMATAYA ; Nepal, Hamilton: Sikkim, on the lower hills, J. D. H., &c.; Bhotan, Grifith. MARTABAN; in the Eng forests. Kurz. A deciduous.leaved tree or large shrub; branches flattened, branchlets very slender, Leaves 1 in. and under, brown when dry, nerves 2-3 pair; petiole jj in.; stipules minute. Flowers dark red, solitary or few together, males Jj—; in. diam. ; fem. much larger, hardly enlarged in fruit; lobes of male very variable, sometimes with the truncate ends terminating at each angle in a recurved horn. Styles dis- tant as in S. quadrangularis. Fruit 4-4 in. diam. ; cocci } in. long.—I have seen no Martaban specimens of this. ! 15. S. rigidus, Thwaites Enwm. 284; shrubby. quite glabrous, branch- lets acutely angled, leaves 1-$ in. very shortly petioled elliptic rounded or «nbobovate obtuse or apiculate, flowers minute, male racemed on a bracteate pedunele, calyx discoid papillose within with short retuse lobes, fem. of obovoid obtuse sepals, styles erect sunk in the concave ton of the ovary: fruit very small ovoid. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 243. CEYLON; common in the hot drier parts of the island, Thwaites. A small shrub, 1-2 ft. Leaves black-green above when fresh, with white in the middle, dark brown when drv. Male flowers solitary (or appearing one ata time), from a short axillary peduncle that is densely clothed with sinnate bracts, vellow- green, 45 in. diam.; fem. į- in.diam. Capsule 1 in. long.—T have very indifferent specimens, in male fl. only. "Thwaites remarks that the ovary resembles that of Aqyneia. I have no doubt as to its being a Ceratogynum, and very near to S. quadrangularis. 15. PUTRANJIVA, Wall. Trees. Leaves alternate, evergreen, quite entire or serrulate, penninerved and reticulate. Flowers axillary, pedicelled, mono- or di-cecious, apetalous ; males clustered, fem. subsolitary ; disk 0. Mate ru. Calyx unequally 3-6- lobed or -partite, imbricate. Stamens 2—4 in the centre of the flower. fila- ments free or subconnate; anthers erect, cells parallel. Pistillode 0. Few. PL. Calyx of the male. Ovary ovoid, 2-3-celled ; styles short, spread- ing, dilated into broad fleshy arms; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid or Jobose; endocarp hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed ovoid, testa crustaceous albumen fleshy, cotyledons broad flat.—Species 2, Indian. 1. P. Roxburghii, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 61, and Cat. 6814; nearly glabrous, leaves obliquely ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrulate, sepals of male 3-5, of fem. 5-6, stamens 1-3. Muel/. Avg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 443; Royle TII. 247, t. 83 bis: Wight Ic. t. 1876: Brand. For. Fl. 451, t. 53; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 366 ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 353; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 275; Putranjiva.] CXXXV. BUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 837 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 236; Endl. Ic. Gen. t. 19. P. sphærocarpa & amblyocarpa, Muell. Arg. l. c. 443, 444. Nageia Putranjiva, Row. FL Ind. in. 766.— Wall. Cat. 7889.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 59. Throughout TROPICAL INDIA, wild and cultivated, from the lower Himalaya in Kumaon, eastwards and southwards to Pegu and CEYLON. À moderate-sized evergreen tree, shoots pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate. Flowers small, yellow; males in dense axillary clusters, shortly pedicelled ; fem, solitary or in pairs, sepals minute, pedicels 1-lin. pubescent. Fila- ments more or less connate Ovary tomentose, stigmas 3, cuneately semi-lunar. Fruit from globose to ovoid, size of a cherry or smaller, white-tomentose ; putamen hard, wrinkled. 2. P. zeylanica, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 444; quite gla- hrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate gland-dotted beneath, sepals of male 2 of fem. 4, stamens 2, Beddome Forester's Man. 197, and Fl. Sylvat. t. 275 (the lower left-hand compartment). Palenga zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. viii. (1856) 271, t. 7 C, and Enum. 287; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 649. CEYLON ; at Ambagamowa, alt. 2000 ft., Thwaites. _ u , A glabrous tree, 20-40 ft.; branches terete. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1} in., oblique, shining ; petiole 1 in., rugnlose; stipules minute. Flowers white, yẹ in. long; pedicels about as long. Fruit 3 in. long, tomentose. 16. HEMICYCLIA, Wight & Arn. Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen, alternate, petioled, quite entire, base usually very unequal. Flowers small, pedicelled, dicecious, apetalous ; males clustered at the axils or nodes; females subsolitary. Mare FL. Sepals 4-5, imbricate, inner usually larger and subpetaloid. Stamens 4-23, inserted round an orbicular disk, filaments free ; anthers erect, cells parallel. Pis- tillode 0, Fem. vr, Calyx of the male. Disk flat, annular. Ovary obliquely ovoid, 1-(rarely 9.)eelled; stiemas 1, rarely 2, sessile, or on a short style, broadly reniform, flabelliform, orbicnlar ; ovules 2in each cell Fruit ovoid, oblong, pyriform or globose, endocarp hard. Seeds oblong, grooved on one face, arilled ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.— Species 9, Indian, alayan and Australian. * Fruit globose, terete; endocarp bony. l. H. sepiaria, Wight & Arn. in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xiv. 297; nearly glabrous. leaves very came i broadly elliptic or oblong tip rounded ortuse Or retuse entire or repand-toothed, base rounded or cordate, stamens 8-10, fruit small pisiform. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 487 ; ge Ts t. 1872; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 999; Beddome Forester's Man om Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. (1855) 271, and Enum. 287 ; Baill, Wall Gon. Euphorb. t, 97, f, 7, 8, Periplexis, Wall. Cat. 8022. P. rigida, Wall. mss, Dzccax PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, ascending to 3000 ft YLON ; from the sea coast to 1500 ft. N . h rigid, much-branched shrub, 6-9 ft.; shoots puberulous. Leaves Tet in., ard and almost shining when old, pale brown when dry, net late clusters or petiole 4-1 in, Flowers villous; male 1 in. diam., in axillary brac be ‘sil ith th pup bening into short racemes, pedicels i-t in., Sliform ; fem, su sessile, with the cent pedicels elongating in fruit, Sepals 4, broad. Stame , i and a cupular disk with a waved margin; filaments slender, exserted. Ovary ~Preelled ; stigma peltate, orbicular, or semicircular. Fruit j in. diam., one-seeded, z 2 Cr 338 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Hemicyclia. endocarp bony.—The Australian plant referred to this by Bentham (of which that author had not seen fruiting specimens) differs wholly in the much smaller flower, smaller ellipsoid fruit, and other characters. ** Fruit ellipsoid or obovoid. 2. H. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 287; branchlets tomentose, leaves ovate or lanceolate very obtusely subcaudately acuminate glabrous of the midrib pubescent beneath, flowers puberulous, pedicels very short, stamens 10-16, ovary glabrous, stigma flabelliform, fruit narrowly ellipsoid. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 487; Beddome Forester’s Man. 199. CEYLON ; at Caltura, Thwaites. A tree; branches slender. Leaves 1-3 in., distichous, thinly coriaceous, green when dry, both surfaces alike reticulated, margin sometimes faintly repand, midrib strong, nerves very slender; petiole -},—} in., pubescent. Flower } in. diam., male pedicels 4; in., fem. rather longer. Sepals broadly oblong. Stigma flabelliform, sessile or on a short stout style. Fruit 2 in. long, red; tip oblique, sometimes in- curved with a lateral stigma ; endocarp coriaceous, crested and reticulate. 3. H. Gardneri, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. viii. (1855) 271, and Enum, 287; branchlets tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblong tip rounde obtuse or subacute entire or obscurely repand-toothed glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the midrib beneath, flowers tomentose, pedicels short, stamens 20-25, ovary obovoid gibbous, fruit broadly ellipsoid. Muell. Arg. in DC. sod ky i. 488; Baill. Gen. Euphorb. t. 27, £. 8; Beddome Forester’s Man. . CEYLON ; from the sea coast to 1500 ft. common. Very near H. lanceolata, but the leaves are smaller, more coriaceous, not sud- denly narrowed to the tip, more crenate, the pedicels longer, flowers rather larger more tomentose, stamens more numerous, and the fruit very different, j in. long, apparently flattened, sometimes obovoid. Male fl. 3 in. diam. ; sepals orbicular, con- cave, pubescent on both surfaces; central disk small, pubescent. Stigma reniform on a short style. 4. H. sumatrana, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 488 ; quite gla- brous, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate entire or repand crenate glossy reticulately veined, flowers 1-3 puberulous, stigma flabelliform, fruit small 1-seeded broadly ellipsoid rounded at both ends or base truncate smooth keeled on one side. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 365. Anaua sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 410. BURMA ; in tropical swamp forests of Martaban and the Irawaddi, and ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.—DisTRIB. Java, Sumatra. . An evergreen tree, 30-50 ft. Leaves 3—4 in., rigid, but thinly coriaceous ; petiole 3-} in. Flowers small, yellow green, and pedicels puberulous. Sepals 4; in. long. Ovary glabrous. Fruit À in. long.—1 have seen no Burmese specimens, nor flowers OF fruit of Andaman or others. 5. H. andamanica, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 365; nearly glabrous, leaves oblong-ovate to -lanceolate caudate acuminate entire or repand-crenate minutely reticulate, flowers 1-2 puberulous, stamens many, fruit ellipsoid or obovoid shortly peduncled terete, putamen semiterete coriaceous. ANDAMAN ÍSLANDS; marshy places near the coast, Kurz. . An evergreen tree, 40-50 ft.; bark white. Leaves 3-34 in., thinly coriaceous, rather rigid, puberulous when young, base unequal; petiole 1— in. Flowers rather large, puberulous; pedicels 1, in., hairy. Sepals rounded, concave, 2 inner Hemicyclia.] ^ oxxxv. gupmommrcEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 339 thinner. Drupe over i in.; peduncle 4—4 in., usually deflexed.—I have seen only an indifferent specimen, the leaves of which are almost entire, 6. H. venusta, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. viii. (1855) 272 ; branch- lets glabrous, leaves elliptie or oblong obtuse or acuminate quite glabrous base often oblique, flowers finely tomentose, males clustered, fem. long-pedicelled, stamens 5-8, stigma disciform, fruit obovoid pericarp very thick. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 488; Dalz. à Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 229; Beddome Forester’s Man. 198. Astylis venusta, Wight Ic. t. 1992.— Wail. Cat. 8007. DECCAN PENINSULA ; from Canara to the Nilghiris and S. Tinnevelly, ascending to 4000 ft., Heyne, Wight, Stocks, &c. LL A tree; branches rather stout. Leaves 3-5 in., very coriaceous, shining above, guite entire, base acute or cuneate, coarsely reticulated beneath, nerves many and Suder ; petiole j in. Flowers } in. diam, ; male pedicels } in., fem. 1-2} in. Fruit il In., sometimes gibbous, at the top crowned with the pulvinate stigma ; pericarp thick and hard when dry.—Dalzell (in a letter) observes that the ovary is 1- or 2- celled, that when I.celled the stigma is an entire disk, and not unilateral, when 2- celled the stigma is double ; also that the 2 ovules in each cell are so closely packed as to appear like one. l 7. H. elata, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 279; glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate, male flowers in few-fld. axillary fascicles, pedicels slender, sepals oblong pubescent on both surfaces, stamens 8-12, ovary 1-celled, stigmas Sessile disciform, fruit long pedicelled pyriform pericarp very thick. pre u^ PENINSULA; in the Wynaad, Anamalay and Tinnevelly forests, alt. -» Beddome. A large tree, 90-100 ft. Leaves 4-5 by 13-2 in., quite entire, shining on both sur- Pom? petiole 3-4 in. Male fl. 4-5 in a cluster ; pedicels 3-1 in.; flowers } in. diam. em. fl. solitary, rather larger than the male; pedicel elongating in fruit. Disk annular, Pruit ł-1 in. long.— Beddome distinguishes this from H. venusta by m. being a very large tree with less coriaceous leaves. My specimens do not enable me to distinguish it from that plant. 8. H. Wightii, Hook. >; nearly glabrous, leaves elliptic- or oblong- lanceolate obtusely taper. pointe many-nerved and finely reticulate entire er obscurely crenate, base acute unequal-sided, flowers axillary shortly pedi- celled Solitary or 2-3 together, sepals 4-7 oblong and pedicels fulvous- tomentose, disk orbicular pubescent, stamens 6-10, fruit on a short stout Pedicel ovoid puberulous, pericarp thick, stigma reniform. Deccan PENINSULA ; Nilghiri Hills, Wight. „Habit of H, venusta, but the leaves are uniformly narrower, thinner, more finely nonculate, and the pedicels are shorter than the fruit, which is Ẹ in. long and sub- 17. CYCLOSTEMON, Blume. , Trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire or crenulate, base often unequal- sided, Flowers axillary, dicecious, apetalous, all racemed or clustered and Pedicelled. Mare rr, Sepals 4-6, broad, imbricate (buds globose). Sta hort ew or many, inserted round a flattened or depressed disk ; filaments á ort we; anthers erect, cells parallel. Pistillode 0 or minute. FEM. FL. Calyx of the male. Disk annular or 0. Ovary 2-4-celled, styles elongate or 0, migmas dilated fleshy or connate into a peltate disk; ovules 2 in each gell, rut subglobose or ovoid, indehiscent; pericarp thick, hardened, 2-celled. solitary in the cells, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 18, Tropical Indian, Malayan and African. 340 CXXXV. EUPHORBIAGEE. (J. D. Hooker) —([Cyclostemon. Sect. 1. STENOGYNIUM, Muell. Arg. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4. Stamens 6-8. Disk of male fl. flat or tumid. Ovary 2-celled ; styles elongate, slender ; stigma peltate. 1. C. indicus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 81, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 481 (excl. Malabar and Concan); leaves obliquely ovate- or o s lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate base very unequal, nerves Meus us. flowers axillary small males subsolitary and slender pedicels quite glabrous, stamens 4-6 around a flat disk. Kuasta Mrs., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4736); below Churra, J. D. H.& T air A tree. Leaves 3-5 in., almost membranous, green when dry, nerves 10- pa d. very slender; petiole 4i in. Male fl. 4, in. diam., yellow, laterally Coded ; Sepals 4, almost orbicular, concave, ciliate. Disk 2-lobed. Stamens Mi mo anther-slits introrse. ‘Ovary silky ; styles slender, tips dilated,” AMuell.— ven no specimens have leaves 3 by 1 in.; mine are much broader, 5 by 2 in. I have Srities fem. fl. or fruit. Mueller gives Malabar and Concan, Hook. and Thoms., as 'oca tue» but there must be some error here. 2. C. lancifolius, Hook. f.; leaves lanceolate candate-acuminate base very unequal with thickened margins, nerves strong, flowers » disk sexes in axillary pubescent racemes, stamens 7 or 8 round a fleshy , styles 2 slender. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. Khasia Mts., alt. 3-5000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4738), J. D. H. & T. T. hen dr A tree; branches long, slender. Leaves 4-6 in., coriaceous, pale green when M the thickened cartilaginous margin extending 3-1 in. upwards from the petiole (som times obscure), base very acute; nerves 6-8 pair, slender but very distinct an a) in on both surfaces; petiole 3 in. Flowering branchlets in a young state enclose be imbricating rigidly coriaceous distichous ciliate scales, forming lance-shaped buds i n. long. Racemes few-fid., more or less pubescent. Flowers, male 4—4 in. diam., bes- $in. Sepals oblong, pubescent and ciliate. Disk of male hemispheric, entire, P sely cent. Stamens equalling the sepals, slits introrse. Ovary globose, 2-celled, Pruit tomentose ; styles 2, slender, spreading, sigmoid, stigma entire peltate cordate. 1 iv., ellipsoid, pericarp thick, endocarp papery. 3. C. Griffithii, Hook. f.; leaves membranous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base quite equal, nerves very slender, young fruit long pedice "s ellipsoid abruptly beaked scurfy, styles 2 slender. UPPER Assam; Mishmi Hills, Grigith (Kew Distrib. 4738). 7 pair; Branches very slender, Leaves 6 by 2 in., green when dry, nerves 6- ate: petiole 1 in. Young fruit Y in.; styles slender, crowning the beak, stigma T have peduncle 1} in., glabrous.— Apparently a very distinct species, of which Specimens in young fruit only. ; 9 Sect. 2. Eucyctostemon, Muell. Arg. Stamens numerous. Stigmas ^ sessile, large, broad, 2-lobed. * Flowers all or mostly from the old wood. 4. C. macrophyllus, Blume Bijd. 598; leaves 5-9 in. oblong to elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate base usually very unequal, ? very 6-8 pair, flowers large pubescent or tomentose, disk villous, stamens many. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 482. G Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1435). Anpaman Israxps, Kurz, COOR® Beddome. Cryton; Central Province, alt. 3000 ft.—DISTRIB. Java. | s, quite .. An evergreen tree, 30—40 ft,, with rigid branches, Kurz. Leaves coriaceou Bas entire, pale brown when dry, smooth above, highly reticulated beneath, base ¢ Cyclostemon.] oxxxv. RUPHORBIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 341 rounded or subcordate ; nerves 6-8 pair, strong beneath; petiole 4 in., very stout. Flowers 4-2 in, diam., sessile or pedicelled. Sepals 4 or 5, rounded, concave, more or less pubescent or glabrate. Disk concave. Filaments free or connate, Stigmas reniform. Fruit subglobose, 2-1 in. diam., pubescent, yellow, tomentose or strigose. —There are three varieties, or possibly species, namely— l. zeylanica; male and fem. fl. peduncled, 2 in, diam. C. zeylanicus, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 562; Thwaites Enum. 286. Sphragidia zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook Journ. Bot. vii. (1855) 270, t. 10.— Ceylon. 2. malaccensis, male aud fem. fl. peduncled, 1-3 in. diam. ? C. macrophyllus, Kare dor. FI. ii. 364. — Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1430, 1435, 3349), Andaman ands, 3. peninsularis; male and fem. fl. sessile, 2 in. diam. C. macrophyllus, Bed- dome Fl. Sylvat. t. 27 8.—Coorg, Western Circars, Brandis, 5. C. longifolius, Blume Bijd. 598; leaves 1-2 ft. linear-oblong obtuse very unequal-sided base unequally cordate, nerves 20-30 pairs, flowers large glabrous, stamens very many, disk glabrous flat. Muell. Arg. ın DC. Prodr, xv. 1. 482; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 562, t. 23, f. 22-25. PERAK ; in rocky places, King’s Collector. PENANG and Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1453).— DISTRIB. Java. A tree, 60-80 ft. in Perak. Leaves 4-10 in. broad, very coriaceous, brown when dry, loosely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves spreading; petiole very short, im- mensely thick Male fl. very numerous in a cluster, very shortly pedicelled, j in. diam. Sepals 5, glabrous within and without. S¢amens numerous round a flat disk. Stigmas 3, cuneate 2-fid. Fruit 2-21 in. diam., globose, obscurely trigonous, bright orange, slightly tomentose, 3-celled. 6. C. malabaricus, Beddome Foresters Man. 199; branchlets and pedicels golden tomentose, leaves 8-9 by 2} in. oblong membranous quite entire subcuspidate tomentose on both surfaces when young at length glabrous except the hairy costa, base unequal, nerves 7-10 pairs, petiole m., male fl. fascicled on the old branches, sepals 4 golden tomentose, Stamens very many, disk cupular, fruit on the older branches solitarylby 41n. tomentose, pedicel 4 in., stigmas 2 reniform. Sour DECCAN ; Tinnevelly Ghats, alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. A large tree.—I have not seen this species; the characters are ome's description. 7. C. confertiflorus, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves coriaceous oblong obtusely acuminate reticulate on both surfaces, nerves 5-8 pairs very slender, male f. 4-1 in. diam. in dense clusters on the old wood, stamens many, disk depressed-funnel-shaped glabrous radiately ribbed and with a membranous lobed border. Norra Canara; in evergreen forests at Katgal, W. A. Talbot. . A large tree; branches stout, woody, with pale bark. Leaves 4-9 in, dull Breenish on both surfaces when dry, rather shiny above, base equal or unequal, margins undulate; petiole stout, 1-2 in. Male fl. in globose clusters j in. diam., Sessile or shortly pedicelled, quite glabrous. Sepals 5, orbicular, concave, coriaceous, ."mens about 20, outside the disk, filaments stout ; anthers large, not apiculate. ."Millode minute, conical. Fem. fl. and fruit not seen.—The depressed ribbed disk lining the calyx-tube and its subpetaloid border are very remarkable characters., ** Flowers axillary (see also C. ellipticus). For. Fl. ii. 364; glabrous except the fem. T oval oblong abruptly obtusely cau date- taken from Bed- flo 8. C. eglandulosus, Wers, leaves broadly elliptic or ovate- 342 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Cyclostemon. acuminate, fem. flowers 1-3 together long-pedicelled axillary tomentose, ovary tomentose 2-celled, stigmas dilated triangular. Hopea eglandulosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.ii.611. Sarcostigma eglandulosum, Wall. mss.— Wall. Cat.7994. TrPPERA, Roxburgh. ARRACAN; in forests rare, Kurz. CHITTAGONG; at Seeta- koond, J. D. H. & T. T. 23 An evergreen tree, 40-50 ft., Kurz; branches pendulous, slender. Leaves 2- by 1-1} in., thinly coriaceous, pale when dry, reticulate on both surfaces, base un- equal, nerves 5-6 pair; petiole slender, 1-2 in. Flowers, male glabrous; fem. 4 in. diam., solitary or few, axillary, pedicels puberulous. Ovary velvety-pubescent 3 stigmas cuneate, crenate.—I have seen neither fem. flower nor fruit, nor any Burmeso specimens, and I am hence uncertain as to Kurz’s plant being Wallich’s, which are à from the Caleutta Gardens; his description differs from it in the much smaller leaves 13-2 in. long. 9. C. subsessilis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 364; glabrous except the pubes- cent inflorescence, leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate sub- acute or acuminate, flowers small very shortly pedicelled, ovary pubescent 2-celled, fruit ellipsoid slightly 4-lobed puberulous, stigmas minute. CHITTAGONG, ARRACAN and MARTABAN, Kurz. An evergreen tree, 25-30 ft.; branches slender. Leaves 4—6 in., chartaceous; nerves 10-12 pair, very slender, laxly reticulate, margins waved or subcrenate; petiole } in. Flowers clustered, 4 in. diam., subsessile, axillary and at the scars of fallen leaves. Sepals orbicular, concave. Stigmas 2 or 3, triangular. Fruit $1 in. long, obscurely 4-lobed, shortly beaked, orange-coloured ; peduncle thickened, yg m. —I have seen only one authentic specimen, and that in fruit, sent by Dr. King, which differs from Kurz's description in the more lanceolate acuminate leaves. 10. C. assamicus, Hook. f.; glabrous except the inflorescence, leaves elliptic oblong or linear-oblong tip rounded obtuse or subacute, fruits very shortly pedicelled small axillary clustered rusty-tomentose tip rounded, stigmas minute. SIKKIM TERAI, Gamble, Assam, Simons, Griffith. Kuasta Hiris; at Now- gong, Clarke. Leaves 3-5 in., shining and reticulate on both surfaces, base acute equal or un- equal, margin undulate or repand; nerves 10-12 pair, very slender; petiole 4 in. Fruit immature, $ in diam., globose or very broadly ellipsoid, apparently terete ; stigmas very obscure. ll. C. ellipticus, Hook. f: ; glabrous except the hoary flowers, leaves membranous elliptie obtusely acuminate base subacute unequal, nerves 8- pair very slender, male flowers 4 in. diam. axillary and on the branches solitary or few together shortly pedicelled, sepals broadly oblong, stamens about 20 surrounding a small orbicular disk. TENASSERIM or ANDAMAN IsraNDs, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4962). -— Branches slender. Leaves 4-5 in., dull brown above, lighter beneath, midri slender, nerves filiform ; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Male fl. globose; pedicels shorter than the calyx, slender. Sepals broadly oblong, concave. Stamens with large oblong obtuse anthers as long as the filament. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown. 12. ©. nervosus, Hook. f.; branchlets tomentose, leaves oblong- lanceolate caudate-acuminate entire glabrous except the midrib beneat , nerves very strong beneath deeply sunk above, flowers in sessile axillary clusters, sepals 4 fulvous tomentose, stamens very many disk deeply sun villous, ovary fulvous tomentose, stigmas semicircular. PERAK, Scortechini. Brunches with pale bark. Zeaves 8-12 in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded on one Cyclostemon.] oxxxv. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 343 side acute on the other; nerves 12-15 pairs, cross-nervules few, raised ; petiole 4 in., stout. Flowers 1-1 in. diam. Sepals orbicular. 13. C. Helferi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous except the inflorescence, leaves coriaceous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate or caudate entire or repand serrate base equal acute or rounded, male fl. few sessile on a short stout axillary peduncle, fruit unripe long-peduncled obovoid finely pubescent, stigmas very large dilated. TENASSERIM or ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 214). Branches rather slender. Leaves 3—5 by 13-2 in., pale brown when dry, shining above, nerves many pair, very slender, hardly distinguishable above from the prominent lux reticulations ; petiole $-3 in. Flowers very immature, peduncle + in., stout, pubescent. Sepals 4, orbicular. Stamens many; anthers extrorse. Fruit (young) j in. long.— The large stigma at once distinguishes this from C. subsessilis and assamicus. Male flowers not seen. 14. C. Curtisii, Hook. f; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate very shortly peticled base acute, midrib and nerves prominent above, nerves 8-10 pair very prominent beneath, cross-nervules finely reti- culate, fem. fl. solitary axillary very shortly pedicelled, calyx patelliform glabrous fringed with coarse hairs, young fruit glabrous pericarp thin, stigmas 2 small hemispheric, PENANG ; alt. 2500 ft., Curtis. . ,À small tree, branches slender, bark nearly white. Leaves 6-10 by 1}-2 in., thinly coriaceous dark green when dry on both surfaces, nerves arched, lower ascend- 1g; petiole 2 in., stout. Young fruit à in. diam., 2-celled; cells 2-ovuled ; : .^ 10 icel 41 in., bracteate at the base. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. 15. ©. leiocarpus, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. N. S. iv. (1875) 330; a tree 30-40 ft., leaves 4-6 in. subsessile glabrous chartaceous elliptic or near-oblong subacute or obtusely acuminate, base subequal, dark green When dry, nerves 6-10 pairs hardly distinguishable from the reticulations, petiole -1- in., fruit axillary solitary ellipsoid or subglobose 3 in. diam. gla- Tous obscurely 2-3-lobed 2-celled 2-seeded top rounded, stigmas minute. NICOBAR ISLANDS ; Kamorta, Kurz. 16. ©. calocarpus, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate base usually very unequal-sided, fruit from the old wood large globose hoary, stigmas 2 cuneate. Aporosa calocarpa, Kurz mss. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. . ranches (in fruiting specimen) very stout, woody. Leaves 6-9 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, dull green above when dry, paler beneath, base on one side rounded, on the other very acute; nerves 6-8 pair, very slender; petiole stout, 1-3 in.—Received from the Caleutta Gardens in 1867 under the above name of Aporosa calocarpa, but n. described in Kurz's Forest Flora published in 1877. I have seen no flowers; the "its are inserted on tubercles of the very stout branches far below the leaves. 18. CHORIOPHYLLUM, Benth. A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, quite entire. Flowers small, axillary, dicecious, apetalous; males in racemose cymes ; fem. few, IN sessile spikes; disk 0. MALE FL. Sepals 4-6 membranous, broadly oblong, inbricate, Stamens 4, opposite the sepals, inserted round a conical disk on 344 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [Choriophyllum. rudimentary ovary, filaments free, exserted; anthers stout, dorsifixed ; cells extrorse, parallel. Frm. rr. Sepals 4, broad, fleshy, embracing the ovary, imbricate. Ovary 3-celled; styles free, erect, thick, obtuse, undivided ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci leaving a central column. Seeds oblong; testa crustaceous shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat. m C. malayanum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1280.—Wall. Cat. 7975. MALAYA PENINSULA ; Penang, Maingay; Singapore, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1404). . A tall tree; branchlets stout, woody, terminal buds pubescent. Leaves sub terminal, 4-6 in., from oblong to linear-oblong or nearly obovate, obtuse, ves at the base into the stout petiole, subglaucous beneath ; midrib stout beneath; M" "de many, slender, reticulate ; petiole 4 in. Male cymes clustered, with the stout p dicels l-l} in. long; branches short, flowers 1, in. diam., clustered, sessile or Pe "ute i-i in.; buds globose, glabrous. Stamens as long as the sepals. Fem. sepals acute. Capsule about $ in. diam., epicarp separating from the thickly crustaceous cocci. 19. MISCHODON, Thwaites. A tree. Leaves whorled, long, coriaceous, quite entire, penninerved. Flowers in short axillary panicles, dicecious, apetalous. | MALE FE ens panicled heads. Sepals 5-8, often unequal, imbricate. Disk 0. Stam m 2-10, opposite the sepals, exserted, filaments free, filiform, rough; au " ovate, dorsifixed, cells parallel, slits extrorse. Pistillode 3-lobed. Fem. te: Disk annular. Ovary 3-4-celled; styles short, spreading, flat, oe 1-3 ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule deeply lobed, of 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds in each coccus, testa crustaceous shining; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat. M. zeylanicus, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 300, t. 10 B, and Enum. 975 ; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1124; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 290. CEYLON; near Galle and Kandy, Walker, Gardner, Thwaites. Deccan PENINSULA; on the Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. ubtetra- A very handsome evergreen tree, 30-40 ft. ; branches terete, branchlets eu in., gonous, hoary-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, 3-4 in a whorl, 4-14 by or sub- oblong or linear-oblong, minutely strongly reticulate, base narrowed obtuse axillary cordate; petiole 3-3 in., stout; stipules 2, minute. Male fl. numerous, P. long ; bracteate pubescent panicles shorter than the leaves, reddish-yellow, 7375, 'obtusely sepals lanceolate, acuminate. Capsule X in. broad, smooth, glabrous, cocci Dare not keeled on the back. Seeds smooth, brown, 4 in. long.—Beddome’s specimen in flower or fruit. 20. BISCHOFIA, Blume. te. A glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; leaflets often eielon s. Flowers in axillary or lateral panicled racemes, minute, diœcious, ap Sepals males scattered or clustered, females longer pedicelled. . MALE Sia nens Š, 5, concave, obtuse, imbricate, concealing the anthers. Disk 0. d broad. filaments short; anthers large, cells parallel. Pistillode p ary ex- Fem. FL. Sepals ovate, caducous. Staminodes 5, small, or 0., ach cell. serted, 3—4-celled; styles long, linear, stout, entire; ovules 2 ci o valved Fruit globose, fleshy, with 3—4 cells lined with a parchment-like fleshy ; endocarp. Seeds turgidly oblong, testa fibro-crustaceous, albumen cotyledons broad flat, radicle straight elongate. Bischofia.) OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 345 B. javanica, Blume Bijd. 1168 ; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 478 ; Brand. For. Fl. 446; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 355; Beddome Sylv. Madr. t. 259; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 355; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 363, and Suppl. 444. B. trifoliata, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 844. B. Roeperiana, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 153; Baill. Gen. Euphorb. t. 26, f. 25-52. B. Cum- mgiana & B. Toui, Dene. l. e. B. oblongifolia, Dene. l. c.t. 154. Stylo- discus trifoliatus, Bennet Plant. Jav. Rar. 133, t. 29; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 235. Microelus Roeperianus, Wight & Arn. in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xiv. 298; Wight Ic. t. 1880. Andrachne trifoliata, Roxb. Fi. Ind. iii. 728. A. apetala, “Roxb. mss.; Wall. Cat. 7956. Phyllanthus ? gymnanthus, Baill. Rec. Obs. Bot. ii. 240 (fid. Muell). TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards, and from Assam southwards, to TENassERIM. DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Western Ghats from Canara southwards to the Nilgiri Hills. (Absent from Ceylon.)—DisTRrB. Malay and Pacitie Islands. A round-headed more or less deciduous-leaved quite glabrous tree, 30-40 ft.; bark Smooth. Leaves very variable; petiole 1-6 in.; leaflets 3-5 in., from ovate to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, repand-toothed, petiolules 3—2 in. Panicles very slender, flowers green, males minute on short slender pedicels, fem. 3 in. diam: on stout pedicels. Fruit fleshy, on long thickened pedicels, smooth, size of a pea, blue black. Seeds smooth, shining, testa splitting longitudinally, dark brown.—Kurz describes the fleshy fruit as almost indehiscent and containing a crustaceous 3-4-coccous capsule (implying a dehiscence within) Wight, and Hook. Ic. Pl., figure a 3-celled shy fruit and 3 seeds with thick testas. Mueller describes a 3-coccous parchment- like endocarp, and says nothing of the testa. 21. APOROSA, Blume. Trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, rarely sinuate-toothed, penninerved. Flowers minute, dioecious, rarely moncecious, apetalous; males most minute in axillary catkin-like spikes; fem. sessile or shortly pedicelled in very short bracteate spikes. Mar rr. Sepals 4 (3-6), membranous, imbri- cate. Stamens 1-5 in the centre of the tlower, filaments capillary ; anthers didymous. Pistillode minute or 0. Fem. rr. Sepals of the male, but arger. Ovary 2-(rarely 3-)celled; stigmas small, plumose, short, spreading Or recurved, simple or 2—4-cleft, rarely elongate and 2-partite; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit globose, ellipsoid or ovoid, bursting irregularly, or partially ~4-valved from the base upwards, epicarp thin or thick and spongy or eshy, endocarp thin, often separable; cells glabrous or hairy within, espe- cally on the septum. Seeds oblong or suborbieular, usually plano-convex, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 80—40, Tropical Asiatic and Malayan. Series I. STIPULES SMALL, DECIDUOUS. * . . Ovary pubescent or tomentose (unknown in A. petiolata). E T Leaves more or less tomentose beneath (or glabrous in A. microcalyx). emale flowers and fruit sessile. 1 l. A. villosa, Baill. Gen. Euphorb. 645; branchlets petioles and faves beneath softly tomentose, leaves large from broadly oblong to elliptic- 95ovate obtuse quite entire, bracts of male spikes broadly ovate acute hir- sute, fem, fl sessile, ovary villous, stigmas long 2-partite plumose, fruit 9void apiculate tawny-tomentose. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 471; urz For, F1. ii. 36], Scepa villosa, Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot. Ed. 2, 441 (male 346 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Aporosa. and fem. fl. transposed), and Veg. Kingd. 283, with woodcut. Lepidostachys P villosa, Wall. Cat. 7298. Prou and TENASSERIM, in open forests, Wallich, M ‘Lelland, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4953, 4954).—DistTr1B. Cochin China. . A deciduous-leaved tree, 20-30 ft.; branchlets stout. Leaves 4-10 in., coriaceous, glabrous above except the nerves, base subcordate, rounded or acute ; petiole 3-4 M., stout. Male spikes clustered, 3—} in. long; fem. subsolitary sessile, very short, oblong ; bracts concave, ciliate. Sepals of male 3-5, oblanceolate, acuminate, pubescent. Stamens 2-5, exserted. Ovary rusty villous. Fruit size of a large pea, orange- coloured, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded.—The description of the fruit is from Kurz. 2. A. ficifolia, Baill. Adans. xi. 177; branches stout and leaves beneath rusty villous, leaves 6-9 by 3—4 in. thickly coriaceous elliptic or oblong acute or acuminate obscurely sinuate-toothed pale when dry, fem. f. sessile, stigmas depressed broad 2-partite plumose, fruit globose, pericarp not very thick, cells glabrous within.— Wall. Cat. 8017. PENANG, Wallich, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1498). PERAK, King's Collector.— DISTRIB. Cambogia. un Branches as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves rather rugose above, hardly shining, midrib above tomentose ; nerves 10-12 pair, strong beneath with reticulating nervules ; petiole 3-2 in., stout. Ovary globose, villous; stigmas 4, very large and broad, 2- partite. Fruit globose, 3-1 in. diam., 2-celled, crowned with the radiating sessile stigmatic lobes. Seeds suborbicular, plano-convex. 3. A. microcalyx, Hassk. in Bull. Bot. Soc. France vi. (1859) 714; branchlets pubescent or tomentose, leaves coriaceous 3-6 in. elliptic ovate or oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate base acute or cuneate entire or sinuate- toothed glabrous or pubescent beneath, nerves 6-8 pairs strong arched and meeting in large loops, fem. flowers sessile on very short spikes, ovary hirsute, stigmas short recurved 2-partite, fruit ellipsoid or broadly fusiform pubes- cent, top rounded base contracted, cells sparsely hairy within. A. DM" calyx, a. genuina, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 471. A. aurita, Migue Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 431 (excl. syn. Tul.). A. Cumingiana, Baill, Rev. Gen. -Euphorb. 645. Leiocarpus serratus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 196. Tetrac- tinostigma microcalyx, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. Ed. nov. 55; Miquel Le. 62. PERAK ; at Goping, King’s Collector. MarACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4958) and Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1417).—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, China. tiole A small tree. Leaves rather shining on both surfaces, yellow when dry ; pe vr 4-3 in., often pubescent and minutely stipellate at the top. Male sepals 3 Mn. y irregular, glabrous. Stamens lor more. Fruit i-i in. long; pericarp rather thin. ++ Leaves glabrous or nearly so (see also 3. A. microcaly2). Female flowers sessile. § Fruit globose or nearly so (sometimes ovoid in A. villosula). 4. A. macrophylla, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 470; ques glabrous except the spikes, leaves very large long-petioled ovate or ni ous oblong base deeply cordate, bracts of male and fem. fl. very broad gla "For. ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary villous, fruit subglobose velvety. Kurz Fl.ii.361. Lepidostachys macrophylla, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, xv. (1851) 253. BunMA, Wallióh. Prev to TENASSERIM, Kurz, M‘Lelland. by 1-1 ft» E deciduous-leaved tree, 20-25 ft.; branches very stout. Leaves 1-2 rd 12 pairs thinly coriaceous, obtuse or subacute, with vesicular dots beneath ; nerves 1 Aporosa. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 347 petiole stout, 2-4 in. Male catkins 1-2 in.; Jem. very short, with smaller narrower tomentose bracts. Sepals of male narrowly spathulate, of fem. oblong. Stamens 2. Ovary obovoid-oblong, rusty-tomentose. Fruit the size of a large pea, yellow, 2-celled, 2-seeded.—The fruit is described from Kurz; the stigmas are undescribed. 9. A. nigricans, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous except the tips of the Shoots, bark pale, leaves coriaceous oblong or elliptic-oblong acuminate base obtuse rounded or cordate brown when dry above, beneath blackish olive- green with a few hairs when young on the midrib, petiole } in. stout, fruit globose 4 in. diam. nearly glabrous yellow black when dry, epicarp very thick with 2 or 4 lines of dehiscence, stigmas 2 short depressed 2-partite, septum hairy. PERAK ; at Larut, King’s Collector. A small tree, 20-30 ft. Leaves 6-12 in., nerves 8-10 pair, very strong beneath, cross-nervules strong or slender. 6. A. globifera, Hook. f.; branches slender and petioles and midrib above rusty-tomentose, leaves 3—4 in. thinly coriaceous elliptic-oblong or -oblanceolate obtusely acuminate base acute or rounded laxly tomentose beneath, nerves 6-8 pair very strong meeting in large loops, petiole i-i in, fem. fl. sessile axillary, fruit globose pubescent, stigmas small depressed 4-lobed ?, cells glabrous within. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. A small tree, 20-30 ft., crown spreading. eaves green when dry, pale beneath. Fruit 1 in. diam., yellow and red (red brown when dry), epicarp rather thick, endo- carp thin. Seed orbicular, plano-convex. 7. A. villosula, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 362; glabrous except the shoots and spikes, leaves long-petioled oblong to obovate-oblong or -lanceolate Obtuse aeute or subacuminate base obtuse or acute, fem. fl. sessile, ovary globose densely villous, stigmas short shortly 2-fid., fruit globose or turgidly ovoid hirsute or glabrate apiculate, pericarp thin, cells hairy within. 4951) 8. to TENASSERIM and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Griffith, Helfer (Kew Distrib. » AC. An evergreen tree, 25-30 ft. ; shoots appressed-pubescent, soon glabrous. Leaves in., shining, membranous; nerves 5-8 pairs, slender; petiole 1-17 in., thickened at the tip. Fem. spikes with crowded glabrous ciliate bracts. Fruit sometimes ellip- toid.— Near 4. Roxburghii, but the ovary is densely clothed, and the fruit globose. 8. A. latifolia, Thwaites Enum. 288; glabrous, leaves thickly coria- cous obovate or broadly elliptic obtuse base rounded or subcordate, bracts ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary hairy stigmas reflexed 2-fid, fruit large broadly ovoid subacute glabrous, pericarp very thick fleshy, cells villous within, stigmas depressed recurved 3-partite lobes 2-fid. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. XV. 11.470; Beddome Forester’s Man. 199. Agyneia latifolia, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 65, CEYLON ; south part of the island, Thwaites. . - 4^4 medium-sized tree; branches stout. Leaves 5-6 by 3-4 in., shining above, midrib Stout ; nerves 5-8 pairs, slender; petiole }-1 in., very stout, Fruit 3-1 in. Ong, Pericarp as thick as the cavity, at length 4-valved at the base, —I have seen no flowers, 88 Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid (see also A. villosula). b 9. A. Eoxburghii, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 645; nearly gla- ‘ous except the inflorescence, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate 348 CXXXV. EUFHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Aporosa. entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed, bracts of male and fem. fl. broad gla- brous ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary thinly hirsute, stigmas very short 2-fid, fruit ovoid-oblong nearly glabrous, pericarp thin, septum hairy. Kurz For. Fl. ij. 362. A. dioica, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 472. Lepido- stachys Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 6816. Alnus dioica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 580. A. integrifolia, Roxb. mss.— Wall. Cat. 7991. SIKKIM HrMALAYA; in tropical valleys, J. D. H. Assam, Jenkins. The KHASIA Hits, Stnuet, CACHAR, and southwards to TENASSERIM, Wallich, Kurz, &c. An evergreen tree, 20-30 ft. ; tips of branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3-5 in., thinly coriaceous, sometimes caudate-acuminate, base acuminate cuneate or rounded; nerves 5—7 pairs, slender, sometimes puberulous beneath; petiole 1—3 in., sometimes minutely 2-stipellate. Male spikes 1 in., solitary or clustered; bracts rather longer; fem. shorter. Sepals pubescent. Fruit 4-4 in. long.—The Chittagoug plant referred to A. Roxburghii by Mueller has glabrous ovaries and is 4. aurea. 10. A. oblonga, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 78, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 472; glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong obtuse or subacute entire base acute or rounded, bracts of male and fem. fl. glabrous ciliate, fem. fl. sessile. ovary silky, stigmas cleft to the middle arms long reflexed, fruit small ellipsoid contracted into a short beak with 2 recurved plumose stigmas, base pay. pericarp thin, septum hairy. Lepidostachys ? oblonga, Wall. Cat. 299. Burma; at Amherst, Wallich (a solitary specimen). Shoots glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., thinly coriaceous, nerves 6-7 pair slender, base sometimes almost cordate ; petiole 3—2 in., slender. Fem. spikes 1-} in., rusty-tomen- tose, bracts sparsely pubescent. Fruit j—3 in. long, nearly black when dry.— Possibly referable to A. Roxburghii. . 11. A. Clellandii, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate base cuneate, petiole 4-4 in., fruit sessile ovoidly globose shortly beaked puberulous, pericarp very thin fragile, cells sparsely hairy, stigmas 2 very short recurved. Prev; at Rangoon, M*Lelland. Branches rather slender, glabrous. Leaves 5-6 in., thinly coriaceous, pale when dry, rather shining above; nerves 8-10 pairs, very slender, arched and spreading, cross-nervules reticulate; petiole slender. Fruit }—} in. long, pericarp very thin and endocarp papery. 12. A. Maingayi, Hook.f.; branches slender, leaves small glabrous elliptic-oblong or obovate caudate-acuminate base acute, midrib beneath hairy or glabrate, bracts tomentose, fem. fl. sessile, ovary densely villous, stigmas very short 2-cleft fimbriate, fruit ellipsoid or subfusiform, pericarp thin, cells glabrous within. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1418). SINGAPORE, Cantley. Branches dark when dry, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., membranous, dull green when dry ; nerves 5-7 pairs, rather strong; petiole 1—1 in. Male spikes jin.; fem. so short that the flowers appear to be capitate. Sepals 4, hirsute. Stamens 2. Fruit } in. long, subacute at both ends; at length 4-valved at the base,—The leaves of this and of A. Planchoniana are the smallest of the Indian species. Maingay remarks that the seed is imbedded in yellow pulp, and the testa osseous. 13. A. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 988; glabrous, leaves elliptic- lanceolate caudate-acuminate base acuminate, male spikes stout, bracts villous, sepals ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary hirsute, stigmas 3 large recurve 2-fid, fruit turgidly ovoid acute hairy, pericarp very fleshy, cells glabrous Aporosa.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 349 within. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 473; Beddome Forester’s Man. 99. TINNEVELLY, Beddome. CEYLON ; alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites. A small sparingly-branched tree, branches very slender and all parts but the bracts quite glabrous, Leaves 13-5 in., membranous, pale when dry, tip obtuse or acute, base tapering into the slender petiole 1—} in. long, margin obscurely undulate; nerves 6-7 pair, arched, cross-nervules loosely reticulate. Male spikes } in.'; bracts ciliate; sepals 3; stamens 2. Fem. spikes usually 1-fld. Ovary 3-celled, silkily hairy, and fruit 3 in. long, usually 3-seeded.—In Beddome’s specimens the pericarp is much thinner than in the Ceylon ones. 14. A. microstachya, Muell. Arg.in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 474; branches slender, shoots and young petioles pubescent, leaves shortly petioled ovate or lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate base acute, fem. fl. sessile sub- capitate, ovary densely rusty-villous, stigmas short broad plumose, fruit very small globosely ovoid glabrous, pericarp very thin, cells glabrous. A. Tulas- neana, Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 645. Scepa microstachya, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, xv. (1851) 255. ? S. stipulacea, Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot. Ed. 2, 441, Lepidostachys Griffithiana, Planch. mss.— Wall. Cat. 7985. Burma; at Amherst, Wallich. 'l'ENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith. ranches smooth, black when dry. Leaves 5-7 in., membranous, dull green when drv; margin entire or subrepand ; nerves 8-10 pairs slender, nervules very faint ; petiole 4-l in. Fem. spikes in small clusters. Fruit }-} in. long, smooth.— Closely allied to 4. Maingayi, but the leaves are much broader and longer, nerves fewer and fainter, and the fruit is black when dry and much smaller. Kurz’s A. microstachys is 4. aunea, having a glabrous ovary. 15. A. glabrifolia, Kurz in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. N. S. iv. (1873) 330 ; branches very robust, shoots tomentose, leaves 3-5 in. coriaceous elliptic- ovate obtuse or subacute base aente smooth above sparsely hairy beneath and with minute hairy tufts at the base on each side, nerves 7-8 pairs, petiole 4 in., fem. fl. sessile, fruit % in. long ellipsoid subacute finely pubes- cent 4-valved at the base, stigmas 2 short stout recurved, pericarp thin, septum hairy. Nicopar Istanps; Kamorta, common in dry grassy places, Kurz. . Kurz (possibly by misprint) gives the size of the fruit as 13 in. The only speci- men of this which I have seen has stout woody branches, from which it appears as if the habit of the plant was scraggy, with short leafing shoots. Leaves greenish and reticulate above, glabrous and pale brown beneath; petiole 3 in., pubescent. ttt Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Fem. fl. pedicelled. 16. A. Lindleyana, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 645; glabrous, leaves oblong ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute, base acute rounded or sub- cordate, stipules large hairy, bracts glabrous ciliate, fem. fl. shortly pedi- celled, ovary silky-pubescent, stigmas short 2-3-partite arms hardly plumose, fruit pedicelled globose cuspidate or very broadly ellipsoid, pericarp thin, Septum villous. — Mel. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 473; Thwaites Enum. 88; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 986. A. affinis, Baill. l. e. A. sphiero- tarpa, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864) 529, and in DC. l. c. Scepa Indleyana, Wight Ic. t.361; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 236. The Deccan PENINSULA; from the Conean southwards. CEYLON, abundant. much-branched evergreen tree. Leaves 4-6 in., thin or coriaceous, smooth above ; nerves 8-10 pairs; petiole }-} in., rather stout. Male spikes 1 in. or less, Tather stout ; sepals 4-6, ciliate 3 stamens 2-3. Ovary fusiform, distinctly pedicelled, 350 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aporosa. 2-3-celled. Fruit }-} in. diam., quite globose, smooth, abruptly tipped by a very short style; pedicel half its diameter in length, tomentose. 17. A. nervosa, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 4~7 in. coriaceous oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate base rounded or cuneate with 6-8 pair of very strong nerves and strong reticulating cross-nervules, petiole ł-1 in. stout, male spikes 3-3 in. clustered, fruit shortly pedicelled globose puberu- lous, stigmas depressed each 4-partite, pericarp thick, cells glabrous within. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1365). Branches rather stout, black when dry. Leaves variable, 2—4 in. in breadth, pale greenish when dry and smooth above, pale brown beneath. Sepals of male 4, ovate, tomentose; filaments short. Fruit 3 in. diam. ** Ovary glabrous. Fruit sessile on the spike. T Fruit globose. 18. A. microsphera, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves coriaceous lanceo- late caudate-acuminate shining above with the midrib raised, reticulate beneath with 6-8 pairs of very slender arched nerves, fem. fl. sessile, ovary glabrous, fruit 1-j in. diam. spherical smooth glabrous, stigmas 2 very short 2-cleft, pericarp thick, septum hairy. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. A shrub 10-15 ft. or tree 30—40 ft. ; branches rather slender, bark pale. Leaves 4-6 in., greenish or yellowish when dry, grey beneath ; petiole —3 in. Fem. spikes often clustered, very short, -5—4 in.; rachis tomentose, bracts crowded. Fruit yellow (black when dry), indehiscent. Seed orbicular, compressed, plano-convex, “ with a thin fleshy pale-red coat ” (Kunstler). Tt Fruit ellipsoid or ovoid. 19. &. Planchoniana, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb.645 (Planchiana); glabrous, or the shoots puberulous, leaves small shortly petioled lanceolate caudate-acuminate base rounded or acute, nerves very obscure, bracts and sepals glabrous, fem. fl. sessile, ovary fusiform glabrous, fruit small ellip- soid beaked by the 2-fid styles glabrous, pericarp very thin, septum hairy. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 475. A. lanceolata, Kurz For. FI. ii. 363 (not of Thwaites). Lepidostachys parviflora, Planch. mss. c TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4956). PERAK, King’s ollector. A small evergreen tree. Leaves 2-3 in., hardly coriaceous, pale yellowish green when dry on both surfaces; nerves 6-8 pairs, extremely slender; petiole 4—4 in. very slender. Male spikes 1 in. and less; sepals orbicular ; stamens 2. Fem. spike very short indeed. Fruit }—} in. long. 20. A. Wallichii, Hook.f; quite glabrous, leaves oblong lanceolate or linear-lanceolate obtusely acuminate base acute or rounded, male bracts and sepals tomentose, fem. fl. sessile, ovary fusiform glabrous, fruit ellipso! beaked by the base of the rather long plumose 2-partite stigmas, pericarp thick, cells very hairy within. Lepidostachys Roxburghii, Herb. Ind. Or» H. f. & T.—Wall. Cat. 8019. SILHET and the KHasrA HILLS, Wallich, &. CHITTAGONG; at Seetakoond, J. D. H. T. T. Movtmern, on Thyong Guyung, Lobb. A large tree; branches rather stout. Leaves 3-8 in., rather coriaceous, green and rather shining when dry, base rarely cordate; nerves 5-7 pall pale very Aporusa. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 351 slender, petiole j-1 in. Male spikes 1-14 in., rather stout; sepals 4; stamens 2. Ovary slender, narrowed at both ends ; styles rather slender. Fruit } in. long. 21. A. aurea, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled coriaceous elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate obtusely acuminate, base acute or obtuse golden- green or -yellow when dry, male spikes clustered. bracts glabrous, fem. fl. sessile, ovary flask-shaped glabrous, styles long 2-fid fringed, fruit globose glabrous, pericarp thick, cells glabrous within. A. microstachya, Kurz For. Fi. ii. 363 (not of Mueller). CHITTAGONG and Ava to TENASSERIM, ascending to 4000 ft., Kurz. PERAK, Herb. Hort. Calcutt. MAracoA, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4959). An evergreen tree, 20-30 ft.; branches pale. Leaves 3-6 in, shining above, paler beneath ; nerves 5-6 pair, very slender; petiole 3-1 in., rather slender. Male spikes 3-13 in.; bracts membranous, glabrous; sepals rounded, glandular. Fruit 2 in. diam., yellowish, crowned by the rather large thickly fringed stigmas, 2-valved at the base, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular, plano-convex, grooved on the ventral face, as if formed of 2-connate seeds.—The fine golden hue of the dried leaves is characteristic of this species, which approaches 44. Wallichii, and is well likened by Kurz to the colour of a Symplocos. J have seen no fem. flowers, the characters of which are taken from Kurz’s description of his 4. microstachya, which is certainly this, and not that plant of Mueller; nor have I seen any Tenasserim, Avan or Chittagong specimens, and hence my identification of the Perak and Malaccan plant with that of Kurz may be erroneous, 22. A. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum, 288; glabrous, leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate caudate-acuminate base acute, male bracts glabrous ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary glabrous, stigmas 2 very minute entire together forming a 2-lobed disk, fruit small ovoid obtuse or subspherical. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 475 in part; Beddome Forester's Man. 199. Lepidostachys lanceolata, T'ulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. 253. CEYLON; very common. A smallevergreen tree, everywhere except the ciliate bracts glabrous. Leaves ìn., membranous, caudate tip very long, green or yellowish when dry, base acute ; nerves 5-6 pair, arched, cross-nervules reticulate; petiole j—3 in., slender. Male spikes 3-1 in.; bracts, clawed; sepals 4-5; stamens 4. Fem. spikes very short. Ovary ovoid. Fruit (from Thwaites’ description) the size of a pea. Seeds with a fleshy outer coat.—M neller describes the ovary as scabrid, the stamens as 2, and leaves às sometimes repand-denticulate, which makes me suspect that these characters are taken from a Bornean plant which he refers to this species. The plant of Helfer's referred here is A. Planchoniana (as is Kurz's A. lanceolata), the Malaccan (Griffith's 4959) is 4. aurea. Ihave seen no ripe fruit of this, 23. A. fusiformis, Thwaites Enum. 988; glabrous, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong or orbicular acute obtuse or retuse rarely acuminate, base cuneate or rounded, bracts glabrous ciliate, fem. fl. sessile, ovary glabrous, stigma 2-3-partite short recurved, fruit fusiform glabrous, pericarp thin, cells hairy within. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 471; Beddome Forester's Man. 199. A. Thwaitesii, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 645. epidostachys grandifolia, Planch. mss. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 5000 ft., Walker, Thwaites. tree, branches stout. Leaves 4-8 in., very coriaceous, shining above, base sometimes cordate; nerves 5-7 pair, slender; petiole 4—3 in., usually stout, but some- times much lengthened. Male spikes 1-1} in., very stout. Fem. fl. crowded. Fruit in. long, beaked, base acute. Seed oblong, plano-convex.—Mueller has over- ooked Thwaites description of the ovary, and placed this species in a section in Which that organ is clothed. Thwaites says that it resembles 4, latifolia generally, differing in the form of the much less fleshy fruit. l VOL. v. Aa 352 OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aporosa. Series II. Stipules large, persistent, lunate or falcate. 24. A. lunata, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 282; branches robust pubes- cent, leaves 8-12 in, linear-oblong base cordate shining above with deeply impressed nerves, tomentose beneath especially on the midrib and very strong nerves, stipules large lunate, fem. spikes densely tomentose, stigmas 3-4 very stout 2-fid. Antidesma lunatum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 467 i Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 251. ? A. coriaceum, Blume, ex Hasskar in Herb, l PENANG, (Ic. in Herb. Kew.) PERAK; on low hills, King’s Collector. —DISTRIB. Sumatra, ? Java. . A tree, 50 ft. Leaves 3 in. broad, very coriaceous; petiole }-} in., very stout ; stipules 4—4 in. long. Fem. spikes short; flowers sessile; sepals 5-6, linear-oblong, obtuse, tomentose.— The Perak specimens are imperfect, and in fem. fl. only. It may not be Miquel's plant, which is described as having leaves with a few marginal glands near the base and subentire stigmas. A closely allied Bornean species (Beccari No 1213) has shorter broader tomentose styles; its fruit is ovoid, } in. long, 8-cellec with 3 apical beaks. Bentham no doubt rightly refers Miquel's Antidesma lunatum to Aporosa, but is mistaken in uniting with it Maingay’s plant, which is the following. In a drawing of this species (in Kew Library) the fruit is represented as of the size of a small pea, globose, yellow and red, and the styles as long and rounded. 25. A. Benthamiana, Hook. f. in Ic. Plant. t. 1583; quite glabrous, leaves 8-18 by 3-5 in. subsessile linear-oblong acuminate or caudate base narrowed cordate,'stipules large lunate, fruiting spikes 1 in. long, fruit ellipsoid 3-celled, cells glabrous within. P SINGAPORE, Cantley. Branches stout. Leaves coriaceous; nerves 12-16 pairs, very strong beneath ; petiole 4-} in., stout; stipules coriaceous. Male spikes cylindric, obtuse; rachis very stout ; sepals 4, ovate; stamens 2, anther-cells pendulous. Fruit j-$ m. long. — Very different from 4. lunatum, being perfectly glabrous, and in the much shorter petioles. The anthers are nearly as in Antidesma. The Singapore plant has longer petioles and more membranous leaves broader upwards. 26. A. falcifera, Hook. f; branchlets petioles and stipules tomen- tose, leaves coriaceous elliptic- or linear-oblong acuminate sparsely hairy beneath, base rounded or subcordate, nerves 7-9 pair strong, stipules per- sistent sickle-shaped coriaceous, male spikes 1—$ in. sessile clustered. PERAE, King’s Collector. . d A tree, 40-60 ft. Leaves 3-5 by 11-12 in., above almost shining reticulate an with the nerves distinct, beneath brownish, cross-nervules slender; petiole $$ n» stout ; stipules about as long, margins recurved. SPECIES OF WHICH THE FRUIT IS UNKNOWN. 27. A. stellifera, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 8-10 in. thinly coriaceous oblong cuspidately acuminate base rounded or acute smon above with raised midrib, nerves 10-13 pairs arched, cross-nervules iher late, petiole 1-2 in., male spikes slender sessile and peduncled, fem. spi a glabrous, flowers pedicelled, ovary glabrous 3-celled, stigmas connate 1n -rayed disk. PENANG, alt. 1500-1800 ft., and PERAK, at Larut, King's Collector. — large A tree 10-15 ft. in Penang, 25-30 in Perak; branchlets very smooth with wats stipular scars. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., sometimes polished above. Male ft. pubes ts sepals 4; stamens 2, short. Rachis of fem. spikes j,-1 in. long, few-fid.; brac Aporosa. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 353 few ; pedicel 41; in., glabrous. Ovary oblong, crowned with a stigma as broad as itself, cells 2-ovuled.—I have seen no ripe fruit. 28. A. Griffithii, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong acuminate base rounded or acute, male and fem. spikes clustered, bracts tomentose, fem. fl. sessile, ovary ovoid glabrous, stigmas minute recurved. Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4955). Branches rather stout, pale. Leaves 3-5 in., thickly coriaceous, shining on both surfaces ; nerves 6-8 pairs, very slender; petiole i-iin., stout. Spikes of both sexes 4 in., simple or racemose, rusty-tomentose. Ovary minute, style very short, 2-fid ; stigmas smooth, grooved on the faces. Fruit unknown.— The leaves are those of A4. ozburghii and villosula, from which the tomentose bracts distinguish it. APOROSA sp.P A species in Griffith's collection from his journey to Burma resembles 4. acuminata, and no other, but is too imperfect for description. 22. DAPHNIPHYLLUM, Blume. Small glabrous evergreen trees with robust branches leafy at the tips. eaves alternate, long-petioled, quite entire, penninerved, usually glaucous neath. Flowers in axillary racemes, dicecious, apetalous. MALE FL. Sepals 3-8, small, or calyx 4-toothed or discoid. Stamens 5-18, filaments short free or 0; anthers large, erect, often apiculate; cells parallel, dehiscing laterally. Pistillode 0. Frm. Fr. Calyx of the male. Disk 0, or of 4-6 scales or glands. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled ; styles or stigmas short, dis- tinct, thick, recurved, entire; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe oblong, usually "seeded. Seed with a membranous testa, albumen thick fleshy ; embryo small, cotyledons narrow ovate or oblong.—Species 11, Tropical Asiatic and yan. 1. D. majus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 76, and in DC. Prodr. Xl. i 2; leaves long-petioled elliptic acute or acuminate, flowers sub- fry bose, stamens 8, anthers laterally compressed not apiculate, Ricinus urfuraceus, Wall. Cat. 7805 (in part). BURMA ; near Amherst, Wallich. . Leaves 8-12 by 4-6 in. very glaucous beneath; petiole 3-6 in. Male corymbs ü any-fid., flowers long-pedicelled. Sepals of male triangular-ovate, acute. Fem. ower and fruit unknown.—Very nearly allied to D. laurinum, but the male calyx is - ply divided and the inflorescence corymbose. This being under Ricinus furfuraceus erb. Wallich is due to an accidental misplacement of tickets. lo ^ D. laurinum, Baill. Gen. Euphorb. 565, t. 91, f. 25-27; leaves ong-petioled linear-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate or acute, calyx of fem. unequally 4-lobed or -toothed -persistent, stamens 7-10, anthers laterally jo mpressed not apiculate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 4. Gyrandra vi rina, Wall. Cat. 8090. Goughia laurina, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. * (1854) 9. q, Griffithiana, Wight Ic. v. p. 22. ( Prnax, Scortechini. MaArACCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4915, 4916), Maingay ew Distrib. 1419). Sinaarore, Wallich.—D1stRIB. Sumatra, Java. A shrub (Griffith) ; branches robust. Leaves 6-10 in.; base rounded or broadly Cal ate, more rarely acute, glaucous or not beneath; petiole 2-5 in. Racemes 2-3 in. | of male disciform ; lobes triangular, acute. Fruit 4-4 in., subacute, smaller !gapore specimens, data glaucescens, Blume Bijd. 1153; leaves elliptic- or oblong- ip rounded or obtuse rarely acute, flowers racemose, sepals of fem. Aaa 354 CXXXV. EUPHOnBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Daphniphyllum. minute deciduous, stamens 7-10, anthers dorsally compressed, apiculate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 3; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 88; Miquel FL Ind. Bat. i. ii. 431, and Suppl. 472. D. Roxburghii, Baill. Gen. Euphorb. 565 (excl. syn. Roxb.); Benth. Fl. Hongk. 316. Goughia neil- gherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 1878-9. NiraniRI and Purxry Mrs., common, Wight, &c. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft. —DrisTRIB. Corea, Java. . A small tree. Leaves 2—4 in. ; base acute, under-surface glaucous or not ; petiole 1-2 in. Racemes l-l} in. Fruit ellipsoid about À in. long, subrugose when dry, tip rounded.— The var. concolor of Mueller is not tenable; the under-surface of the leaf is sometimes glaucous in the Ceylon specimens, and sometimes not in the con- tinental. 4. D. himalayense, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i 4; leaves elliptic linear-oblong oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers racemed, sepals of fem. deciduous, stamens 5, anthers dorsally com- pressed apiculate. D. Benthami, Baill. Gen. Euphorb. 565. Goughia himalensis, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 9.— Wall. Cat. 8020. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA from Kumaon to Mishmi, alt. 4-6000 ft., and Sikkim, alt. 4-9000 ft, Griffith, kc. Kuasta Mrs. alt. 4-6000 ft. P TENASSERIM, ON Moolyat, alt. 6500 ft., Beddome. A small tree, branches robust. Leaves 4—10 in., base acute, very rarely rounded or cordate, glaucous beneath; petiole 1-24 in. Racemes 1-3 in. Fruit -$ mM., ellipsoid, slightly tubercled when dry, tip rounded.—The Tenasserim specimen 1$ & female in imperfect condition; the leaves are very dark.coloured on both surfaces and not glaucous beneath; the ovaries are quite like those of D. himalayense.—W atlich's 8001, from the Snowy Mts., is stated to be from Herb. Heyne, which is probably an error (for Herb. Hamilton). SPECIES OF WHICH THE FLOWERS ARE UNKNOWN. 5. D. Kingii, Hook. f. ; a tree 30-40 ft., leaves 8-10 in. rather mem- branous elliptic-oblong obtusely cuspidate subglaucous beneath, base acute, nerves about 10 pair with slender cross-nervules which are not reticulate, petiole 1-13 in., fruiting raceme 1-1} in., fruit i-i in. long ellipsoid smooth top rounded, pedicel 1-3 in. PERAK ; Scortechini, and King’s Collector, in low grounds. 6. D. lancifolium, Hook f.; a tree 40-60 ft , leaves 4~6 in. coriaceous lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate at both ends hardly glaucous beneath, nerves reticulate on both surfaces, petiole 1-13 in., fruiting racemes 1-4 in., fruit } in. long ellipsoid rounded at both ends rugose, pedicel 4-3 12- Perak; alt. 4500-4600 ft., King's Collector. 7. D. Scortechinii, Hook. f. ; a tree 10-15 ft., leaves 3-4 in. coriaceous oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute base acute glaucous beneat , nerves reticulate on both surfaces, petiole 1—3 in., fruiting racemes 2-3 10., fruit 3-} in. gibbously ovoid subacute smooth, pedicel }-} in. PERAK ; alt. 3000—4000 ft., Scordechini, King’s Collector. 23. ANTIDESMA, Linn. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire, stipulate. ae ot small or minute, in slender axillary or terminal simple or panicled sp the racemes, dicecious, apetalous. Mare FL. Calyx 3—5- rarely 6-8-t00 Anfidesma.] ^ cxxxv. guPHOnBIAOEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 355 -lobed or -partite. Disbentireorlobed. Stamens 2-5, rarely more, inserted on or around the disk, often irregularly, inflexed in bud; anthers lunate or didymous, connective thickened; cells globose, approximate or distant. Pistillode minute, clavate or globose or 0, rarely 2-fid, glabrous or hairy. Fem. ri. Calyx of the male. Disk usually annular or pulvinate. Ovary l- (rarely more-)celled ; stigmas 2-4, usually short, 2-fid or 2-partite ; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit a small more or less compressed drupe, crowned with the sublateral or terminal stigmas. Seed small, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons prea flat—Species about 60, Tropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the acific. Owing to the minuteness of the flowers, and the frequent impossibility of matching the sexes of Herbarium specimens, I am unable to limit and define the forms of this most difficult genus with much confidence. Comparatively few of Wallich's specimens Were examined by Tulasne or Mueller, who are the chief authorities for the Indian Species. I expect several of these which are not hitherto identified with previously (often imperfectly) described Malay Island ones, will prove to be the same with them. 'The Stipules, the length of the pedicels of the male flowers, the size and form of the bracts, and the depth of the calyx-lobes are all variable. In De Candolle’s Pro- dromus too much importance is attached to the number of stamens and the division of the calyx, whether as to depth or number of lobes, as affording sectional characters ; and I am not satisfied with the more restricted use I have made of the same modi- ations of the calyx. The fruit may probably prove to afford the best sectional Characters, Series I. Leaves very large, 10-18 in. long. Fruit large, 1-l in. long. ee also 23. acuminatum, and 94. martabanicum). l. A. longipes, Hook. f.; branches slender and leaves puberulous beneath, leaves 10-12 in. oblong-obovate base rounded or cordate, nerves 20 pairs, fem. racemes very long slender simple pubescent flowering erect fruiting pendulous, fem. fl. minute pedicels very short greatly lengthened in Uit, ovary tomentose, fruit iin. obliquely ovoid flat rugose, stigmas very re subterminal. ERAK, King’s Collector. . . , A shrub or tree with a simple stem; branches whitish and petioles and pedicels midrid above and nerves beneath finely pubescent. Leaves membranous, 3-6 in. Toad, nerves 15-920 pairs; petiole stout, }-} in.; stipules not seen. Racemes Peduncled ; pedicels filiform, 4—4 in.; bracts very minute. Fem. fl. j in.; sepas 4, ovate, acute ; stigmas acute, spreading; disk glabrous. Fruit bright red, margins very acute, faces puberulous deeply impressed, pericarp thin.—I assume ne Owering and fruiting specimens to be conspecific, and that the pedicels lengt en described, but I have seen only flowering and fruiting individuals (apparently of the Same species), 2. A. pachystachys, Hook. f.; glabrous, or nearly so, branches stout, leaves 12-18 in obovate. or des Taneoolate cuspidately acuminate ase narrowed acute or rounded, nerves 17-20 pairs slender, petiole ver y ‘tout, stipules large foliaceous, spikes solitary simple, male filiform, EN Sessile pubescent, fruiting female erect very stout, fruit $ in. very shor nd Pedicelled obliquely ovoid compressed reticulate, stigmas very minute su “*rminal.—Antidesma ? Wall. Cat. 8569. » ENANG, Wallich. PERAK ; at Larut, King’s Collector. . b A shrub, 6-8 ft. ; branches as thick as ‘a swan's quill, bark white. Leaves mem- enous, 4-6 in. diam., quite glabrous on both surfaces; petiole 9-1 um er es 4-23 M., obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, many-nerved. Male spikes 10— el; pendulous, glabrous ; bracts very small; flowers jy in. broad ; calyx cupular obtusely 1-6-lobed ' to the middle ; stamens 4-5, short; disk hirsute; pistillode clavate. 856 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Antidesma. Fruiting racemes as long as the leaves, strict, as thick as a crow-quill; fruits $pread- ing, pedicel 4; in. ; calyx small, acutely 6-lobed, nearly glabrous; disk glabrous. 3. A. pendulum, Hook. f.; glabrous, branches stout, leaves 10-14 in. membranous oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate cuspidately acuminate or caudate base acute, nerves 10-14 pairs very slender, petiole very stout, spikes solitary simple very slender, fruiting pendulous equalling the leaves, flowers of both sexes sessile, sepals 4—6 orbicular hairy, disk glabrous 5-lobed, ovary gibbously decurved glabrous, stigmas very short, fruit j in. shortly pedicelled broadly ovoid compressed rugose tip rounded stigmas terminal. PERAK, Seortechini. A shrub, 6-12 ft.; branches as thick as a swan's quill, bark whitish. Leaves brown beneath when dry ; petiole}-%in. Male fl. rather scattered ; stamens 5, stout; pistillode clavate, lobulate at the top. Fem. fl. 44 in.; sepals very short; disk glabrous. Fruiting racemes as long as the leaves; pedicels slender, ṣọ in.; calyx obtusely 6-lobed. Fruit with acute margins, quite glabrous.—Closely allied to a Bornean species (Beccari No. 1300), which has a glabrous shortly lobed fem. calyx, and a few bristles on the fem. disk. 4. A. Kingii, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles nerves beneath and spikes densely rusty-tomentose, leaves 10-12 in. subsessile oblong or broadly obovate-oblong cuspidately acuminate base rounded or cordate, nerves 16-20 pair strong beneath, male spikes subpanicled, peduncle bracteate, flowers sessile, fem. spikes short stout erect, flowers subsessile, ovary densely tomen- tose, fruiting spikes very stout, fruit } in. subsessile falcately ovoid deeply reticulate pubescent styles terminal. PERAK ; at Goping and Larut, King’s Collector. : A stout shrub or small tree, 25 ft.; branches very stout. Leaves rather coria- ceous, 3-6 in. broad, more or less rusty-pubescent all over beneath ; nerves spreading, close-set; petiole very stout, }-} in. ; stipules 4-1 in., rigid, lanceolate. Male spikes erect, 4-6 in., with lanceolate stipular bracts at the base of the common peduncle ; floral bracts very minute; sepals 5, free, hairy ; stamens 5, rather short ; disk tumid, glabrous; pistillode short. Fem. spikes 4-6 ïn., erect in flower, decurved in fruit; bracts obscure ; sepals about 4, ovate, acute; disk with a few bristles. Series II. Leaves 2-10 in. long, rarely more. Fruit 4-1 in. long. * Ovary tomentose or pubescent (sometimes glabrate in A. alatum & leucocladon). 5. A. velutinosum, Blume Bijd. 1125; densely tomentose, leaves 5-8 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, petiole very short, male f. sessile or very shortly pedicelled, bracts linear or lanceolate, calyx villous 9-8-partite, stamens 5-8, ovary obliquely globose tomentose, style sublateral stigmas long recurved forked, fruit pedicelled obliquely globose } in. diam. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 248; Kurz For. FÌ. ii. 359 ; Miquel FI. Ind. Bat.i.ii. 428, A. tomentosum, Blume ex Miquel l. c. 427, t. 26. A. attenuatum, Wall. Cat. 7286; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 235. A. molle, Wall. Cat. 7287; Muell. Arg. l. c—Antidesmea, Wall. Cat. 8582, 8577 in part. Prou to TENASSERIM, and Burma, Wallich, Griffith, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 2946, 4947), &c. PENANG, Porter, Curtis. SINGAPORE, Hullett.—D18TRIP. ava. An evergreen tree, 25-30 ft. Leaves hardly coriaceous, variable in amount f Tr rt base narrowed or obtuse, rarely cordate, nerves 10-15 pairs; peto ~} in.; stipules from ovate to linear-lanceolate. Spikes or racemes subsolitary; Antidesma.] CXXXV. EvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 357 stout for the genus, peduncle bracteate; lower floral bracts frequently exserted and recurved. Sepals lanceolate, villous, very unequal. Disk of male minute, tumid, lobed ; pistillode clavate, hairy; of fem. cupular, slightly hairy. Style distinct.— Wallich’s A. attenuatum and A. molle are the two sexes of this species; his Penang Specimens (Porter’s) are more densely tomentose, beneath especially, than the others, VAR. lancifolia; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate.—Penang, Curtis, VAR. orthogyne; ovary ellipsoid quite straight, stigmas terminal.—Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4928). 6. A. Helferi, Hook. f.; branches and leaves glabrous, leaves 4-7 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse base acute nerves slender, fem. spike stout pubescent, flowers sessile, bracts subulate, calyx 5-partite, ovary obliquely globose tomentose, stigmas 2 stout 2-lobed or partite terminal. TENASSERIM (or Andaman Islands), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4942). . . Leaves coriaceous, perfectly glabrous on both surfaces; nerves 8-10 pair, arching ; petiole 4 in., very stout, and the linear stipules ‘glabrous. Spike terminal, li in. ; rachis stout. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse. Disk of fem. cupular, hairy.—I have seen only one specimen of: this very distinct-looking species. The leaves may hence be found to vary a good deal from the above diagnosis. A Perak species (Herb. Cal- cutt., No. 4056) in fruit only may be the same; its spike is 2-3 in., rather stout, quite simple, the fruit shortly pedicelled 4 in. long broadly ellipsoid turgid top rounded with very minute subterminal stigmas. 7. A. Ghaesembilla, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 189, t. 39; tomentose or gla- brous, leaves orbicular obovate or oblong obtuse, spikes panicled, flowers Sessile, calyx 5-7-partite, disk 5-partite pubescent, stamens 4-7, ovary pubescent, fruit din. subglobose, stigmas terminal minute recurved. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 251; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 38; Brand. For. Fl. 446; Kurz For. Fl. 358; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 186; alz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 236; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 349; Beddome Forester’s Man. 200. A. paniculatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 770; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 246; Wight le. t. 820; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 237 ; Tulasne l.c. 228; Wall. Cat. 7280. A. pubescens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. n. 35, t. 167, and F7. Ind. iii. 770; Wight Ic.&. 821; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 186 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 1. c. ; Wall. Cat. 8567; Blume Bijd. 1193; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. i. 496. A. acidum, Retz Obs. v. 30 (ew Herb. Rottler). A. sylvestre, seme. Dict. i. 207 (ew Willd. mss. in Herb. Rottler).—Antidesma, Wall. Cat. TRoPrcAT, HIMALAYA; from Simla to Bhotan and southward to CEYLON, SINGA- PORE, PERAK and PENANG.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands, China, Australia ?, Africa. A small tree ; branches, spikes, petioles, and often the leaves beneath rusty-tomen- ose. Leaves 2-3 in., rarely more or less, base rounded or cordate, tip rounded, pately subacute or retuse, nerves 5-6 pairs; petiole J-} in. Spikes rather slender; “acts minute; male fl. clustered. Fruit subglobose (when fresh). 8. A. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 7283; villously tomentose, leaves 6-10 in, subsessile obovate-oblong caudate-acuminate, spikes very long and Stout subsimple, bracts minute, flowers of both sexes sessile, calyx 3—4- Partite, stamens 3-4, fem. disk hairy, ovary straight tomentose, stigmas Very short terminal, fruit } in. long subsessile ovoid or ellipsoid subcom- Pressed, stigmas minute sublateral. Tulasne in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. gen 234; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 261. Stilago tomentosa, orb. Fl. Ind. ii, 757 ; Wight Ic. t. 767, 768. SiH»T, Wallich. Assam, Griffith. 358 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Antidesma. Young branches and leaves densely rusty villous, Leaves 3-4 in. broad, often unequal at the rounded base, flat or bullate above; nerves 8-10 pair, spreading ; petiole à in. or less ; stipules linear. Spikes 4-6 in., sometimes subpanicled, peduncle bracteate; rachis stout, densely tomentose. Calya-lobes rounded, villous. Disk of male glabrous. Pistillode subglobose. 9. A. alatum, Hook. f.; glabrous, branches white, tips puberulous, leaves 3-5 in. shortly petioled elliptic-oblong or -oblanceolate abruptly cus- pidate or subcaudate base acute, stipules large orbicular-ovate acute persistent, spikes short, male fl. sessile, sepals 5 hirsute, disk pulvinate gla- brous, stamens 5, fem. fl. subsessile, ovary pubescent or glabrate, disk very large pulvinate glabrous, fruit 3 in. shortly pedicelled turgidly ovoid shortly beaked, stigmas subterminal minute conic.—A ntidesmea, Wall. Cat. 8583. Perak ; Larut, alt. 1-3000 ft., King's Collector; Waterfall Hill, Wray. Sıx- GAPORE, Wallich. Maracoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib., No. 4941). — A small tree, shoots puberulous. Leaves thin or subcoriaceous, midrib glabrous or puberulous beneath ; nerves 8-10 pairs, very faint; petiole 5—4 in. ; stipules 3 In» coriaceous. Spikes 13 in., males panicled ; flowers very minute, rachis puberulous; stamens short; pistillode minute, sunk in the disk. Disk of fem. fl. often exceeding the calyx in width.—The remarkable stipules and very large fem. disk are conspicuous characters. The stipules a good deal resemble those of the Sumatran 4, neuro- carpum, which has tomentose branches and strong nerves. 10. A. leucocladon, Hook. f.; glabrous, branchlets slender white, leaves 5-7 in. membranous oblanceolate or oblong caudate-acuminate base acute or obtuse, petiole short, stipules filiform, male spikes panicled very slender tomentose, flowers sessile very minute, calyx 4-lobed, disk tomen- tose, fem. fl. subsessile, ovary tomentose or glabrate, stigmas long recurved, disk glabrous or ciliolate, fruit } in. very shortly pedicelled broadly gib- bously ovoid compressed beaked, stigmas large. A. Bunius, Wall. Cat. 7282 A (the right-hand specimen). Prnana, Wallich. PERAK, Scortechini'; at Sunga Ryah, King’s Collector. | A small tree; shoots puberulous. Leaves membranous, drying brown; mdr glabrous or puberulous beneath; nerves 10-12 pairs, very slender ; petiole 1i ed Male spikes seen only in Penang specimens; bracts minute; calyx obtusely lobe below the middle; disk small, 4-lobed ; pistillode columnar.—A very similar species 10 fem. flower only, from Perak (Caleutta Herbarium, No. 3845), has longer female peduncles and shorter stigmas, ** Ovary glabrous (see also 4. alatum & leucocladon). T Male flowers sessile or nearly so. Calyx not deeply lobed. 1l. A. Bunius, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 826; shoots tomentose, leaves elliptic-oblong lanceolate obovate or oblanceolate glabrous shining avoves petiole short, spikes simple or panicled stout pubescent villous or tomentos bracts minute ovate, male fl. sessile or subsessile, calyx cupular short y 4-lobed, disk glabrous, stamens 3, fruit shortly pedicelled g-4 1n. elipt stigmas 9-4 very short terminal. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. 1 26% Blume Bijd.1192; Presl Epimel. 234; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser xv. (1851) 186; Miquel FT. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 423; Wight Te. t. 819; Kurz 777 Fl. i. 358; Beddome Forester’s Man. 200, t. 24, f£. 3; Wall. Cat. 7 7 (except A and part of B); Thwaites Enum, 289. A. Thwaitesianum, M stre, Arg. l. c. 263. A. glabrum & floribundum, Tulasne l. c. 188, 189. A. syle "n Lamk. Dict.i.207. A. ciliatum, Presl l. c. 285 Stilago Bunius, Linn. ^*^^ Antidesma.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 359 122; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 758—Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. 26.—Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8570 A, 8574. Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA, from the Nepal and Sikkim Terai and Assam, southwards to Singapore and Penang; and from Parusnath in Bebar to CEYLON. Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4933, 4934).—DisTRIB. Malay Islands. À small evergreen tree. Leaves very variable, 3-6 by 13-23 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate ; base acute; nerves 10-12 pairs, arched; petiole 1—$ in.; stipules ovate- cordate (Kurz), deciduous. Spikes often 4-5 in. long, slightly ‘rusty-tomentose ; flowers rather large for the genus; fem. shortly pedicelled. Calyx of male very short, lobing very various in depth; of fem. shortly tubular, truncate. Disk of male lobed, of fem. cupular.—Of Thwaites’ var. 8., from Caltura, which he distinguishes by the firmer leaves and more delicate less pubescent inflorescence, I have only seen fruiting specimens, which I cannot distinguish from 4. Bunius. Mueller, who regards It as a diflerent species (A. Thwaitesianum), relies on the minute bracts, deeper-lobed calyx and rusty-hairy disk ; but as there are no male flowers on Thwaites’ specimens, I cannot verify these characters. 12. A. Alexiteria, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1027; nearly glabrous, leaves 1-3 in. subsessile from oblong or lanceolate to orbicular-ovate or -obovate obtuse acute or acuminate shining above, spikes simple or panicled slender pubes- cent, bracts minute, male fl. quite sessile, calyx very minute 3-4-lobed, disk glabrous, stamens 3, fruit 1 in. diam. gibbously orbicular turgid, stigmas very short sublateral. A. zeylanicum, Lamk. Encycl. i. 207; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr, xv. ii, 956 ; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 209.—Anti- desma, Wall. Cat. 8568.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 22, t. 10. SOUTHERN DECCAN PENINSULA, Heyne, &c. CEYLON, common. Much branched, rather slender. Leaves very variable in form, the smallest of the Indian species, brown when dry, reticulate and shining on both surfaces, coriaceous, nerves usually very slender and obscure ; petiole rarely œ, in. Spikes 1-1} in. ; bracts short, broad ; fem. fl. very shortly pedicelled ; calyx 4-lobed. 13. A. brunneum, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, leaves 24-34 in. long- Petioled coriaceous dark brown and opaque when dry elliptic obtuse or pbtusely acuminate base acute, male spikes short branched pubescent, urs oblong, flowers quite sessile, calyx shortly cup-shaped lobed to the middle, stamens 5 seated on the tumid glabrous disk, pistillode large often with two recurved stigmas. CEYLON, Thwaites (C.P. 2208 and 2535 in part). hi ranches stout, shoots finely pubescent. Leaves very dark brown, hardly si a 45 Above, quite glabrous; nerves 4-6 pair, very slender; petiole slender, 1-3 in. ; stipules small. Spikes 3-4 in., rather stout. Calyx-lobes rounded, hairy and ciliate. P ‘stillode a small well-developed ovary, and stigmas, quite glabrous. Fem. jc atit unknown, This differs from A. pyrifolium in the larger broader more Leone one brown leaves, with fewer nerves, and longer petioles; also iu the more pu loped Outer spikes, quite sessile flowers, deeper-cleft calyx, and remarkably develope Pistillode. Fruit not seen, MH Male flowers sessile or very shortly pedicelled. Calyx deeply 4-lobed 0» -partite. 14. A, fallax, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 68, and in DC. Prodr. RV u. 253; glabrous, leaves 17 in. petioled coriaceous oblong or ovate- ong acute or acuminate shining above, spikes simple and panicled rusty- .mentose, flowers sessile, male calyx 4-5-lobed or -partite, stamens 3-4, Cupular lobed and subglobose, ovary glabrous, fruit very shortly pedi- 1n. diam. orbicular compressed, stigmas subterminal. A. coriaceum, 360 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Amtidesma. Tulasne in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 9, xv. (1851) 204.—Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8584, 9101. PENANG, Porter, &c. MALACOA, Maingay. PERAK, Wray, King's Collector. SINGAPORE, at Johore, Cantley. A tree?, 30-70 ft. in Perak; branches pale, tips alone rusty-pubescent. Leaves rarely ovate, base acute or rounded, nerves 8-10 pair; petiole 1-3 in., quite glabrous inage. Spikes 1-21 in., bracts minute, oblong, Sepals rounded or oblong, villous. Filaments rather short. Pistillode clavate. Ovary and Disk glabrous or very minutely puberulous; stigmas very short, thick, suberect. Fruiting racemes stout. —Very near A. Bunius, if not a form of it. Under A. Moritzii I have indicated Mueller’s erroneous citations of Wallich’s numbers cited under his A. coriacewm. 15. A. nigricans, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 224; branches petioles and spikes densely tomentose, leaves shortly petioled 4-7 in. elliptic oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous except on tke midrib above and beneath, spikes or racemes short simple or panicled, flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, calyx 4-partite, stamens 4 inserted on the large hemispheric glabrous disk, ovary glabrous on a large glabrous disk, stigmas rather long recurved terminal. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 258. A. flexuosum, Tulasne l. c.; Muell. Arg. l.c.263. A. Bunius, Wall. Cat. 7282 A (the upper specimen).—Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8575. ASSAM, Jenkins, S1iuEt, Wallich, J. D. H. & T. T. Leaves greyish brown when dry, sometimes caudate-acuminate, base acute or obtuse; nerves 6-12 pair, strong beneath and forming strong intra-marginal arches ; petiole 1-3 in., shorter than the stipules. Bracts minute. Sepals glabrous or sparsely villous, broadly ovate, spreading. Séamens inserted on the rounded sides of the disk. Pistillode conical, glabrous, but sometimes large and 2-fid like a minute ovary.—Tulasne’s A. nigricans and flexuosum are the same, and Wallich's No. 8575 is quoted for both ; the large hemispheric male disk is very characteristic. My own Silhet specimens have longer leaves than Wallich’s; Mueller refers Willdenow $ A. Alexiteria to this. See No. 27, p. 365. 16. A. cuspidatum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 67, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 252; shoots petioles and spikes finely pubescent, leaves long- petioled 5-7 in. oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous shining 02 both surfaces, petiole 1-3 in., spikes racemose, male fl. sessile, bracts as long as the flowers, calyx 4-5-partite, disk pubescent, stamens 3, fem. fl. sub- sessile, disk villous, ovary glabrous, stigmas conical erect, fruit 4 1n. obliquely orbicular compressed, stigmas minute sublateral. ? A. rotatum, Muell. n DC. l. c. 256. . Maracca; at Ching, Grififh (A. pubescens, Kew Distrib., No. 4823), Maingay (Kew Distrib., No. 1341). SINGAPORE, Cantley, King’s Collector. P TENASSERIM, Grifit (Kew Distrib. 4927), Helfer. baee A tree, branches glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, dark above when dry; jane rounded or acute ; nerves 8-10 pairs, prominent beneath, arched ; stipules ovate lan ceolate, caducous. Spikes slender, 11-3 in., with stipular bracts at their base an M the pedicels, bracts narrow. Sepals villous, of males rounded, of fem. ovate acuti . Disk of male lobed, pistillode subglobose, of fem. cupular. Fruiting racemes very slender, pedicels } in., slender.—The long petioles and villous fem. disk are gr characters for separating this species from its allies. From Mueller’s description im locality of A. rotatum, I think his plant must be conspecific with A. cuspida tor, There are in the Calcutta Herbarium from Perak (Scortechini and King’s Collec iag Nos, 2314 and 3464) male specimens of a species precisely resembling this in pus long petiole, leaves and panicled spikes, but the flowers are smaller and the glabrous. 17. A. fruticulosum, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 359; branchlets leaves Antidesma.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 361 beneath and spikes villously tomentose, leaves 1-1} in. subsessile obovate- oblong or -lanceolate obtuse acuminate or obtusely mucronate, spikes short solitary or panicled, male fl. sessile, sepals 4 rounded subacute tomentose, stamens 2~3 inserted at the base of the hemispheric glabrous disk, ovary glabrous, fruit 1-3 in. long, obliquely ovoid, stigmas terminal simple. Prev; in the sandy soil of tidal forests near the station, Kurz. , A small branched shrub, 2-4 ft. Leaves small, yellow brown when dry, some- times retuse; base acute ; petiole } in.; stipules subulate. Flowers minute; bracts minute, ovate-lanceolate. Pistillode globose, glabrous.—I have seen only young specimens with male flower. , 18. A. velutinum, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 223 (in part) ; branches very short petioles leaves beneath and spikes tomen- tose, leaves 3-5 in. elliptic oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, spikes solitary or panicled, male fl. sessile, sepals 3-4 orbicular villous, stamens inserted within the glabrous lobed disk, ovary glabrous, stigmas short terminal. Muell. Arg. im DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 258; Kurz For. Fl. ii, 359. Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8577 in part. Prov, Tenasserim and Burma, Wallich, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4927), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 6945), &c. An evergreen tree, 25-30 ft. Leaves more or less pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous above, dark brown when dry; stipules lanceolate. Disk of male sometimes Süpitate; pistillode columnar, hairy. Very young fruits, which are shortly pedicelled, only seen.—Tulasne’s A. velutinum is a mixture of this and velutinosum, which occur on the same sheet of Wallich’s herbarium. The character which Kurz gives of Ovary pubescent is, I think, an error. The number of Wallich 1701, cited by Tulasne, 15 not that of Wallich’s Catalogue, where 1701 is a Polygonum. "mu Male flowers pedicelled. Calyx 3-4-lobed above the middle or ed. 19. A. diandrum, Roth Nov. Sp. 369; glabrous or the shoots pubes- cent, leaves obovate-oblong -elliptic or -lanceolate very shortly petioled not Shed, racemes very slender usually branched quite glabrous, flowers all Pedicelled, calyx spreading obtusely 4-lobed or -toothed, stamens 2 rarely 3 atthe base of the small glabrous lobed disk, fruit — in. long ovoid acute, stigmas minute terminal. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 266; Brand. Por. Fl. 447; Kurz For. Fl, 360; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 350 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 237; Beddome Foresters Man. 200. A. sylvestre, Wall. Cat. 7281. A, lanceolarium, Wall. Cat. 7284; Wight Ic. t. 766; Thwaites num, 989. À. lanceolatum, a. Walkeri, Tulasne in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 3, Ww. (1851) 195; Muell. Arg. l. c. 266; Beddome Foresters Man. 201. A. h allichianum, Presl Epimel. 235. A. parviflorum, Herb. Ham. Stilago podra, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. t. 166, and Fl. Ind. iii. 759. S. lanceolaria, orb. Fl. Ind. iii, 760.—Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 7285, 8579. an jieorican HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards, and southwards to TRAVANCORE A LRASSERIM, CEYLON, ascending to 1500 ft. obtuse ush or small tree, shoots glabrous or rusty- , cute or acuminate, the longest 5 by lin, t ni 1 Ys in, thin in texture, rarely slightly pubescent beneath, yellowish green when a Always acute, nerves faint; petiole 44-1] in.; stipules slender. Ltacemes P lowe quite glabrous ; bracts short, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, lowest often the longest. (deg, ers minute, a few here and there sessile. Disk lobed and quite gla rons rela as appressed pubescent by authors).—The varieties proposed by mE rith an hed by Mueller (ovata, genuina, lanceolata and parvifolia) are untena e wit Y approach to definiteness. Thwaites mentions a Cingalese form with leaves at pubescent. Leaves very variable, he largest 5 by 2 in., the smallest 362 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Antidesma. times only 4 in. broad. The only male Ceylon specimen of diandrum that I have seen is uniformly triandrous. Walker’s specimens of this in Herb. Hook. are accompanies with detached fruits of a much larger size than those of 4. diandrum, and which suspect belong to A. Aleaiteria. 20. A. pyrifolium, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 68, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 265; nearly glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. long-petioled elliptic- oblong or -lanceolate caudate-acuminate shining above base acute, racema slender simple or branched puberulous, male fl. shortly pedicelled scatteret , bracts short broad, calyx cup-shaped 4—5-lobed, stamens 9-5 seated on the tumid glabrous disk, fruit subspherical, stigmas minute terminal. Beddome Forester’s Man. 200. A. montanum, Thwaites Enum. 288. CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 3-6000 ft., Walker, &c. Habit of A. Alewiteria, but larger, and at once distinguishable by the longer rather slender petioles, 4—4 in. long, and larger fruit. The flowers are always pedicell " enough to place it in this group. The tumid disk of the male fl. often rises hig above the calyx, and the pistillode is minute and glabrous. 21. A. Moritzii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 67, and in De. Prodr. xv. ii. 252; branchlets petioles midrib above and spikes finely tomentose, leaves 5-10 iu. oblong elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute or rounded, spikes very slender panicled glabrous, male " minute pedicelled, calyx 4—5-lobed, stamens 4-5, disk pubescent, fem. i. pedicelled, ovary glabrous, fruit 1-1 in. pedicelled subglobose acute, stigmas very short terminal. A. pubescens, Moritzi in Zoll. Verzeichn. 73; Mique Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 426, not of Roxb. A. pubescens, var. Moritzii, Tulasne al Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, xv. (1851) 215. A. minus, Blume?, Wall. Cat. 7288. A. leptocladum, B. genuinum, Muell. Arg. l. c, 253. A. leptocladum, Tulasne l. c. 199. A. Alexiteria, Presl Epimel. 234 (not of Gertn.). TENASSERIM; at Mergui, Grifith and Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4926). PER Porter, PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. Maxacoa, Griffith (Kew D istrib. 4935).— DrsTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands. . n A tree, 12-20 ft., bark of branches grey, lenticellate. Leaves very variable, usually broadest above the middle, largest 8 by 4 in., smaller 5 by 2 in., membranous, pale grec beneath rather shining and glabrous or faintly pubescent on the 8-10 pairs of rais nerves; petiole 1-2 in.; stipules small, subulate or lanceolate. Male spikes 3-6 ad forming effuse panicles; rachis very slender; flowers nearly glabrous, scatter , bracts very minute; pistillode globose. Fem. racemes fewer, shorter; fruiting very slender; pedicels j,—i in. Fruiting panicles widely spreading.—1 am very A puzzled with this plant, which is, I suspect, one of the commonest Malayan Antidesmas, and is variously named in Herbaria. Tulasne and Mueller reter Wallich’s “ 7288 the (there is no A in Herb. Wallich) to 4. coriaceum, which from the description An all other number cited, 8584 (misprinted 8548), is 4. fallax. In habit, foliage, and Sis- fruit A. Moritzii resembles A. cuspidatum, from which its short petioles at once u- tinguish it, and A. oblongifolium, which differs in the tomentose panicle, and 14 minatum, which has longer pedicelled male fl. and the midrib tomentose above, um Menasu, which has much larger flowers, a deeply lobed calyx and acute ' sepals. 22. A. khasianum, Hook. .; nearly glabrous, leaves subsessile 3-6 in. from elliptic lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate acuminate or caudate midrib above glabrous, male racemes short slender solitary 4 panicled, male fl. pedicelled, calyx cupular shortly 3—4-lobed, stamens, ^. inserted on the tumid glabrous entire or lobed disk, ovary glabrous, sub- 3 1. long gibbously orbicular or elliptic acute, stigmas terminal or Cat. terminal. A. lanceolatum, Herb. H. f. d T,~Antidesma, all. 8570 ? B and 8573. | Antidesma.] ^ cxxxv. EuPHOonblACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 368 Assam, Hamilton, &c. ; on the Duphla Hills, Booth. Kuasta MTS., Wallich, &c., Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4929); common at 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. Branches with whitish bark; branchlets sparingly pubescent. ^ Leaves very variable, smaller 2-3 in. and elliptic, larger 5-7 in. and lanceolate or linear oblong, greenish when dry, base acute; nerves arched, slender; petiole 1-4 in. ; stipules narrow, lanceolate. Racemes much shorter and with shorter pedicels than in 4. acuminatum ; peduncle with lanceolate stipular bracts; floral bracts ovate. Male fl. glabrous. Disk sometimes exserted, and hardly lobed ; pistillode small. Fruit large, tipped by the 2-3 rigid bases of the stigmas.—The glabrous midrib of the upper sur- face of the leaf, short racemes and pedicels, and cupular shortly lobed calyx distin- guish this from 4. acuminatum, and the narrow leaves and not tomentose branches and terminal stigmas fiom A. assamicum, of which it has the simple female racemes and large oblique fruit. Can this be Mueller’s A. oblongatum ? (see p. 365,) which he describes from a specimen in the Berlin Herbarium as having the fruit ellipsoid obtuse at both ends with a stigmatiferous notch half-way between the base and apex. HHH Male fl. pedicelled. Calyx 3-4-partite. 23. A. acuminatum, Wail. mss. in Wight Ic. t. 1991; branchlets finely pubescent, leaves 3-12 in. shortly petioled obovate-oblong or -elliptic or lanceolate caudate or acuminate above shining with the midrib tomen- tose, male racemes long and very slender in branched pubescent panicles, owers minute long-pedicelled, sepals 4 broadly ovate, stamens 3-4 inserted tween the lobes of the glabrous disk, ovary glabrous, fruit in large wide spreading panicles } in. long ellipsoid acuminate with a distinct terminal Style. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ij. 268; Beddome Forester s Man. 201. A. refractum and A. Menasu (in part), Muell. Arg. l. c. 257. A. simile, Muell. Arg. l. c. 259. A. pubescens, Tul. ?, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $T. - Bunius, Wall. Cat. 7282 B (the right-hand specimen) A. zeylanicum Ham. in Wall. Cat. 8572. P A. Menasu, Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 350. A. macrophyllum, Wall. mss. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, ascending to 2000 ft., common, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4931), P AssAM, Masters. KHaslA Mrs., and SiLHET, ascending to 4000 ft., Wallich, A large shrub. Leaves rather thin, often very large and 4 in. broad ; base acute or rounded; nerves 8-15 pair, very slender; petiole 4-4 in.; stipules much longer, mear or lanceolate. Racemes often several inches long, with wide spreading branches ; bracts lanceolate; pedicels many times longer than the calyx. Disk Variable, usually lobed, but sometimes hemispheric; pistillode columnar or short and 2-3 lobed, or developed into an imperfect ovary. Fruit tipped witha very short slender style and minute stigmas.—Habit and foliage of A. Menasu, and possibly not speci- cally different, but the racemes are much more slender, the branches not so tomen- tose, and the pedicels much Jonger. The fruit is similar but smaller, with a more distinct style. I have restored Wallich’s name as authority for this, a specimen in the Kew Herbarium from the Calcutta Garden being labelled acuminatum. Wight’s figure ìs taken from cultivated specimens in which the flowers appear to be occasionally frmaphrodite, A Sikkim fruiting specimen of this or an allied species from Clarke as densely tomentose branches and racemes. 24. A. martabanicum, Pres! Epimel. 232 ; branches petioles nerves of leaves beneath and panicles tomentose, leaves 4-11 in. shortly petioled near-oblong acuminate, stipules large oblong-lanceolate, racemes panicled, nale - pedicelled, calyx 3-4-partite, stamens 3-4, disk glabrous, ovary S'abrous, fruiting racemes in open panicles, fruit j-j in. long globose or elipsoj n : : i inal. Muell. Arg. in DC. Psoid top rounded, stigmas minute sessile terminal. - g. n DC rodr. xv. ìi. 961; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 358. A. oblongifolium, var. Wallichii, asne in Ann, Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 221; Muell. Arg. l c. 264, A. 364 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J.D. Hooker) [Antidesma. Menasu, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 360 (not of Miquel). A. oblongum, Wall. mss.— Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8578. Peau to TENASSERIM, and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Wallich, Grifith, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4947).—DisTRIB. Java ? Aa Branches velvety-tomentose. Leaves thin, glabrous above except the midrib, beneath between the 10-16 pair of pubescent nerves glabrous or puberulous ; petiole stout, i-i in.; stipules on young shoots }-} in. from subulate to broadly oblong or ovate, acuminate. Male sepals rounded. Pistillode short, columnar, glabrous. Fruiting pedicels 4 in. or shorter.— Wallich's No. 1982 cited by Tulasne is not that of his Catalogue, but an MSS. one on a ticket inscribed A. oblongum. I have no doubt as to this being Kurz's A. Menasu, from which martabanicum differs in the tomentose branches and panicle, &c. 25. A. Menasu, Miquel Plant. Exsicc. Hohenack., No. 104; branch- lets and petioles tomentose or pubescent, leaves 4-6 in. glabrous shortly petioled elliptic oblong or lanceolate acuminate or caudate shining beneath, spikes or racemes pubescent solitary or sparingly panicled, male and fem. fi. sessile or very shortly pedicelled, calyx 3-4-partite, stamens 3—4 inserted between the lobes of the small glabrous disk, ovary glabrous, fruit j-i in. long ovoid or ellipsoid acute, stigmas short terminal. Muell. Arg. m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 257 (the Canara plant only). A. Bunius, Miguel l. c. No. 459 a, and Wall. Cat.7282F. A. pubescens, Roxb., B. Menasu, Tuslasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1852) 215. A. lanceolatum, Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 237. A. pubescens, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (from Madras). PA. Alexiteria, Gertn. Fruct. i. 188, t. 99. P A. acidum, Retz Obs. v. 30.— Antidesma, Wall. Cat. 8571. DECCAN PENINSULA, from the Concan and Circars southwards, Heyne, &e., Wight (Kew Distrib. 2654). Habit of A. Moritzii, and very like it in foliage. Leaves sometimes narrow and 8 by 3 in. base rounded or acute; midrib sometimes {puberulous beneath; nerves 6-10 pairs, arched; petiole 4-3 in., glabrous or puberulous; stipules lanceolate. Spikes or racemes usually long; bracts very small, acute; flowers larger than m A. Moritzii, rachis much stouter. Calyx-lobes rounded, of the fem. often very acute. Pistillode columnar, glabrous. Disk of female sometimes bearing staminodes.—The common plant of the Deccan Peninsula. The Khasian and Sikkim plant brought under this by Mueller is A. acuminatum, differing in the more glabrous branches, and very slender racemes with longer pedicels. Probably A. acidum, Retz, belongs to this; it is a plant of Keenig’s described as having obovate leaves, solitary spikes, aD a §-toothed calyx. 4, Menasu is no doubt the species alluded to by Wight under A. acuminatum as occurring in Malabar, and may be a form of that plant. What Gertner’s A. Alexiteria is cannot be determined from his figure or description, and he gives no locality for it; the fruit exactly accords with this species. Var. linearifolia; leaves 3-5 by 4-14 in. linear-oblong shining on both surfaces.— Canara, Dalzell, Talbot. . IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. 26. A. andamanicum, Hook. f.; branches woody glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. quite glabrous membranous shortly petioled cuspidately acuminate base acute, petiole slender, male spikes solitary very slender pubescent, male fl. quite sessile, sepals 4 rounded hirsute on both surfaces, stamens Y, disk villous, pistillode clavate 3-fid. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. th Apparently a scraggy shrub much branched. Leaves uniformly brown on bo surfaces when dry, very thin, nerves 6-8 pair extremely slender ; petiole +s in», glabrous. Antidesma.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 365 Male spikes 3-4 in.; flowers minute, scattered.— This resembles no other Indian Species. 27. A. nigricans ? (p. 360); branches densely tomentose, leaves 4-6 in. shortly petioled oblong obovate-oblong or -lanceolate or narrowly linear oblong abruptly acuminate or caudate midrib above pubescent, male fl. pedicelled, calyx 4-partite, disk glabrous tumid, fem. racemes terminal and axillary subsimple short stout, rachis pubescent, calyx deeply 4-lobed, fruit large gibbously suborbicular turgid top rounded, stigma sublateral. A. nigricans, in part, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Assam, Masters, Herb. Griffith (Kew Distrib., Nos. 4930, 4937, 4943). SILHET and KmasrA Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., J. D. H. d T. T. CACHAR, at Shapore, Keenan. A shrub. Leaves most variable, thin, the extreme forms are 3—4 by 12-2 in., broadly obovate-oblong, abruptly obtusely acuminate, and 6-8 by 1-1} in., with finely cordate tips, narrowly linear oblong (I have gathered both in Khasia) ; nerves 8-10 pair, very slender; petiole zo in., tomentose; stipules not seen. Fruiting racemes l-l} in. long. Fruit about j in. diam.— Tbis has the large oblique fruit of 4. khasianum, from which it differs in the tomentose branches, foliage, and midrib tomentose above ; it is probably the fruiting state of A. nigricans, 28. A. comptum, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 190; shoots puberulous, leaves 2-3 in. lanceolate long-acuminate base narrowed shining above, spikes short simple or branched, flowers sessile or very shortly pedicelled, bracts minute ovate acute, calyx 3-toothed rusty-tomen- tose, disk glabrous entire, ovary glabrous above below fulvous pubescent, pe globose, stigmas terminal Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 263. Deccan PENINSULA, on the Cottalam (Courtallam ?) Mts., Leschenault. The above description is taken from Tulasne, who says of it that it is a shrub 6- 12 ft, high, with small narrow fulvous pubescent stipules not longer than the petioles, and a very minute calyx, and that Thwaites (Enum. 289) has wrongly united it with 4. Bunius, I have seen no Indian species with the lower part of the ovary pubescent. The habitat is that of a flowerless specimen of Heyne in Herb. Rottler, and which I Suppose is 4. Menasu. 29. A. oblongatum, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 254; branches obscurely pubescent, leaves 41-7 by 1-2 in. shortly petioled linear-lanceolate cuspidately acuminate rigidly membranous glabrous, petiole 3 in. rather shining, stipules lanceolate-subulate equalling the petioles, racemes very slender panicled with stipular bracts at their bases, bracts linear-lanceolate, male fl. minute long-pedicelled, calyx 3-4-lobed below the middle lobes orbicular-ovate, disk thick glabrous, stamens 4-5, pistillode subcylindric glabrous, frnit 2 by 7 in. ellipsoid obtuse at both ends with a lateral stigma- tiferous notch half-way between the middle and tip. Knasra Mrs., J. D. H. & T. T. ; . Cannot find any plant answering to this description amongst Thomson's and my Indian collections. In most characters it agrees with 4. acuminatum, but that of the h ‘gma being placed in a notch of the fruit half-way between the base and apex is one I ‘ve not met with in any species of Antidesma. See also 22. A. khasianum. 30. A. perserrula, Kurz in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. iv. (1875), 330; branchlets rusty-hirsute, leaves 6-10 in. from oblong-lanceolate to obovate- nong acuminate or mucronate, nerves beneath hirsute, spikes simple, male „minute sessile, sepals 3-5 acute, stamens 3-5, ovary yellow tomentose, à terminal. NicosAE Isuanps ; forests of Kamorta, Kurz. 366 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J.D. Hooker) [Antidesma. A tree, 25 30 ft. Leaves chartaceous; petiole stout, minute, 4-4 in. Fruit faleately ovate, } in. long, compressed.—Description from Kurz, who likens the plant to A. puncticulatum, Miquel; I have seen no specimens. 31. A. salicifolium, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 467? (not of Presl); branchlets slender finely pubescent, leaves 3-5 by 3-% in. shortly petioled linear-lanceolate acuminate quite glabrous, fruiting racemes slender axillary and in short terminal branches, bracts minute subulate, fruit j in. long ellipsoid hardly compressed rugose, style distinct short terminal, stigmas minute. PERAK; on the Pluss river, Wray.—DISTRIB. Sumatra. A small tree. Leaves thin, greenish when dry, base very acute, midrib pubescent above, nerves very slender; petiole 3 in.; stipules narrowly lanceolate. Fruiting spikes erect, 1-3 in.; bracts very minute, subulate; calyx very minute, lobes 5 mem- branous; disk thick, glabrous. Fruit shortly pedicelled.—' The Perak and Sumatran specimens are flowerless. This differs from the description of A. salicifolium in the Prodromus in the fruit being ellipsoid and straight, not subobliquely ovoid, and in the perfectly glabrous petioles and midribs. 32. A. Wattii, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, leaves subsessile 2-3 by i-i in. coriaceous narrowly linear-lanceolate acuminate glossy above margins recurved, racemes small slender axillary and in terminal panicles, male fl. minute pedicelled, calyx cupular unequally 4-lobed, stamens 3-4 at the base of the small glabrous deeply lobed disk. Munirvr, Watt, Branches very stout, woody, densely leafy, bark dark ; branchlets and young parts pubescent. Leaves dull brown when dry, remarkably stiff, paler beneath, with very slender ascending distant nerves; petiole hardly any; stipules small, subulate. Racemes 4-1 in., numerous; bracts ovate or lanceolate, as long as the pedicels. Disk lobed to nearly the base; pistillode minute, glabrous.—Quite unlike any other species. In foliage it is almost identical with a Bornean species (Beccari No. 3831), which however differs in the flowers being quite sessile and their structure. 24. SCORTECHINIA, ook. f. Trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire or subserrate, penninerved, petiole thickened at the apex. Flowers minute, dioecious, in lax axillary an subterminal panicles, shortly pedicelled, apetalous. MALE FL. Sepals 4-9, rounded, imbricate. Stamens 4-5, alternating with as many minute hairy disk-glands; filaments stout, free; anthers broad, cells diverging à little, adnate to the connective, dehiscence introrse. Pistillode short, 3-lobed, hairy. Fem. rr. Sepals 4, imbricate. Ovary 2-3-celled ?; stigmas 4, very minute ; ovules (? 1 or 2), pendulous from the top of the cells. Fruit a ]-celled elliptic-oblong thinly erustaceous hoary-white capsule, dehiscing by 4 free deciduous elliptie-lanceolate valves. Seed solitary, elliptic-oblong; compressed, pendulous, testa thin crustaceous, albumen rather scanty firm; cotyledons amygdaloid, oblong, rounded at both ends, compressed ; radicle minute, superior.— Species 3 or 4, Malayan and a Papuan. 1. S. Kingii, Hook. f.; leaves eglandular at the base. Perak, King’s Collector. Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5030), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1434).—Disrrip. Borneo (Beccari 1164). lous A tree 40-60 ft. high in Perak. Branchlets woody ; tips and leaf-buds puberu om: Leaves 4—7 in., dark chestnut-brown when dry, elliptic or cuneate-obovate, ob acute or cuspidately acuminate, base very acute, serratures obtuse glandular, rà Scortechinia.] CXXXV. EuPHoRBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 367 shiny above; nerves 6-8 pair, arched, anastomosing, slightly raised above, more so beneath; petiole 3-1 in. ; stipules small, lanceolate. Panicles shortly peduncled, hoary, 2-6 in. long, branches spreading. Male fl. 4, in. diam. ; sepals tumid on the back. Stamens included; anthers basifixed. Fruit erect, 1-1} in. long, stoutly very shortly pedicelled, clothed with an appressed white tomentum. Seed rounded at both ends, pendulous from a spermaphore that is longitudinally attached to the walls of the cavity from its apex for } way down, eventually free below; albumen forming a dense covering of the embryo.—The spermaphore consists of the remains of the axis and septa, and bears at the top opposite to the insertion of the seed (that next to the wall of the capsule) a minute ovule. The position of the undeveloped ovule may indicate its having been solitary in a normally 2-(or 3-)celled ovary, of which the remains of the septa and axis form the column from which the seed is suspended. 2. S. nicobarica, Hook. f.; leaves with 2 prominent glands above at the insertion of the petiole. NICOBAR ISLANDS; Novara Expedition (in Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt.). Leaf elliptic, 6 by 3 in., sinuate serrate, nerves about 8 pair; petiole 1} in., slender. Capsule 1 in., as in S. Kingii.—I am indebted to Dr. King for a fruit and leaf of this very distinct species. 25. BACCAUREA, Jour. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, entire, rarely crenate-serrate, penni- nerved, Flowers in simple or compound spiciform racemes or racemiform panicles, dicecious, rarely moncecious, apetalous ; males usaally very minute, hoary or tomentose. Disk 0, or of obscure glands in the male fl. Marr rr. Sepals 4-5, usually unequal, imbricate. Stamens 4-8, filaments short free; anthers small, didymous. Pistillode pubescent, orbicular, sessile or sti- pitate, rarely an irregular cleft column. FEM. FL. Sepals 4-6, linear or oblong, much larger than in the male. Ovary 2-5-celled, ovoid or globose ; stigmas 2-5, small, sessile, free or connate into a short style, 2-lobed or -cleft, arms broad or subulate, papillose, rarely united into one peltate stigma; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid globose obovoid or fusiform, 2—4- celled; pericarp thick or thin, coriaceous crustaceous or woody, tardily loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds broad, usually dorsally compressed or flat- tened, testa with a thick fleshy coat (aril P); albumen fleshy or hard; coty- ledons broad, flat.—Species about 30, Tropical Asiatic, African and olynesian. The species of this genus are most difficult of discrimination, owing to the necessity of having for this purpose flowers of both sexes and also ripe fruit, and cause in foliage very different species resemble one another. The male in 2 rescence appears to me to afford the best sectional characters, but it may have to yield to earpological ones, when the fruits are better known. The male flowers of individual species are very inconstant as to number and form of sepals, and number Of stamens. The disk-glands, when present, are too minute and, I think, variable as to presence or absence, to afford aid in the Indian species; nor do I find the anthers truly extrorse in any, the slits being more or less lateral when not truly in- irorse, In this as in so many other genera, I am rarely able to identify the Indian Species with the Malayan, from want of good specimens of the latter. Iam greatly indebted to Dr. King for the loan of the extensive collection of Baccaure@ of the Calentta Herbarium, without which I could not have completed even this imperfect sketch of the Indian species. la Series I. Male racemes simple or nearly so; bracts very minute at the se of the simple clusters of flowers. l. B. courtallensis, Muell Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 459; gla- VOL. v. B b 968 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker) [Baccaurea. brous, leaves oblanceolate or obovate obtusely acuminate base acute, male racemes tufted strict quite simple, bracts very minute ovate acute, flowers jy in. diam. very sparsely hoary, sepals 4 subequal rounded, stamens 4-6, fem. spikes 6-8 in., flowers } in. diam. sessile, sepals 5 nearly glabrous small broadly ovate, ovary subglobose hirsute, stigmas 3 very small sessile. B. sapida, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 280. Pierardia courtallensis, Wight Ie. t. 1912.—Pierardia, Wall. Cat. 8077. TRAVANCORE, Heyne; Anamallay Hills, Wight, Beddome. A middling-sized tree; shoots and young petioles sparsely pubescent. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in, thin; nerves 5~7 pairs; petiole 1-14 in. Male racemes in large clusters from the trunk and subsolitary on the branches.—An imperfectly known plant, considered by Beddome as the same with B. sapida, but differing altogether in the male racemes; and in the small sessile fem. flowers, if I am right in referring to this a specimen from the Anamallay Hills collected by Beddome, and named by him B. macrostachys (and which was lent to me from the Calcutta Herbarium). The male flowers described above are from Heyne (in Herb, Wallich) and from Wight. Beddome says that this species is most abundant in all moist forests of the Western Ghats from Canara to South Travancore; but it is curious that except the Ana- mallay specimens of this, neither the Wallichian, Kew or Calcutta Herbaria have a specimen of any Baccaurea from the Deccan Peninsula. 2. B. lanceolata, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 457; glabrous, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate base obtuse acute or cordate finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves 10-12 pairs, male racemes simple in cauline tufts 6-8 in. slender flexuous glabrous, bracts very minute, flowers 4 in. diam., sepals subequal glabrous without tomentose on the margins and within, stamens 4 with interposed glands. Hedycarpus lan- ceolatus, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 359. H. cauliflora, Hassk. ex Miquel in Herb. Kew. Adenocrepis lanceolata, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 82. PERAK, King’s Collector. —DIsTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. A tree, 20 ft.; bark pale. Leaves 8-12 by 31-6 in., thinly leathery, very pale green when dry and rather shining; petiole 14-5 in., very stout; stipules silkily pubescent. Male racemes pale; bracts broadly ovate; flowers rather long -pedi- celled. Fem. racemes in Borneo specimens 6-10 in. long; towers shortly pedicelled ; sepals oblong-spathulate, nearly glabrous; ovary (4-5:celled, Mueller) subglobose, strigose ; stigmas sessile, peltate. Fruit in Borneo specimens about 2 in. long, ellipsoid, glabrous. Seeds dorsally sulcate. 3. B. Scortechinii, Hook. f.; branchlets hirsute, leaves shortly petioled membranous subrhombic-obovate cuspidate base very acute, nerves 7-8 pairs very slender, racemes from the branches, male very slender simple white tomentose, bracts minute at the base of the flower clusters, fem. racemes slender, pedicels slender, sepals long very narrow hoary, ovary ovoid silky contracted into a stout style with 3 recurved 2-fid stigmas. PERAK, Scortechini. . d Leaves terminating short branches, 5-6 in., very thin; petiole 4-1 in., i“? midrib sometimes sparsely hairy. Male fl. 3, in. diam., very shortly pedicelles 5 sepals 4-5; stamens as many; pistillode small. Fem. racemes 4-6 in.; pedicels minutely bracteate at the base, jointed about the middle; sepals 4 in. long; ovary 6-ribbed or grooved when dry. 4. B. parviflora, Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 462 (in part); glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate is caudate base acute, nerves 4-5 pairs, male racemes very slender hoary brac very minute, fem. racemes tufted, pedicels very short, sepals linear-oblos nearly glabrous, ovary ovoid silky contracted into a short neck or sty le wi DBaccaurea.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 369 3 large recurved stigmas, fruit small fusiform, pericarp thick. Kurz For. Fl. i. 357. B. affinis, Muell. l. c. Pierardia parviflora, Muell, Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 89.— Wall. Cat. 7759 B. TENASSERIM, Wallich, Helfer. PENANG, Curtis. Perak, King's Collector. Matacca, Hervey, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1364, 1368). SINGAPORE, Hullett. Distrip. Sumatra (Beccari No. 896). A small tree, 15-25 ft. (in Perak) ; branches slender. Leaves variable in form, 2-5 by 2-31 in., rather thin; petiole 3-1} in.; stipules lanceolate, ciliate and usually pubescent on the back. Male racemes from both the old wood and young branches, 2-4 in. ; flowers ;1, in. diam. ; sepals 4-5, broad; stamens 4-8; pistillode orbicular. Fem. racemes in tufts from the old wood (near the root in Perak specimens), 3-6 in. ; pedicels bracteate at the base, jointed above the middle; sepals } in. long, obtuse, hoary and white within. Fruit 2-3 in. long, fusiform or narrowly ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, 3-celled, pericarp thick corky rugose and obscurely angled when dry, endocarp not separable nor thickened, smooth within. Seed } in., oblong-lanceolate, acute, with a shallow dorsal groove.—This is Mueller’s Pierardia parviflora, described from Wallich’s male specimen. In the Prodromus a Bornean plant (Motley No. 757) with broken remains of fem. fl. is united with it, and may or may not be conspecific.— Motley's and Barber's No. 80 from Borneo (in Herb. Hook.) may be the same, I trust I am right in referring the fusiform fruited species to this, but I have no authority for so doing beyond the fact that both sexes are common and found at most of the same localities, and that the foliage of the two is uniformly alike. Series II. Male racemes with short few-fld. lateral branches to which the tact is adnate and produced beyond the sessile flowers as a short claw with 2 lateral bracteoles. Fem. racemes ebracteate, except at the joint of the pedicel. 5. B. polyneura, Hook. f., shoots petioles and leaves beneath pubes- cent, leaves oblong obtuse or subacute base cordate, nerves 10-14 pairs, male racemes on the branches very short, flowers sessile on the bracteate tips of the short side branches hoary-tomentose, fem. racemes very long ebracteate, ovary globose, stigmas subulate recurved, fruit ellipsoid, pericarp rather thin, seeds orbicular. , Mazacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4910), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1421). PERAK, King’s Collector. . A tree, 60-80 ft. (in Perak). Leaves 2-6 in., yellowish when dry, coriaccous, Sometimes subfalcate, nerves and numerous cross-nervules very strong beneath ; petiole rather slender, 3-1} in. Male racemes 1-2 in., clustered ; flowers ;'; in. diam.; Sepals 4-5, very unequal; stamens 4-5; pistillode orbicular. Fem. racemes 8-12 in.; pedicels 3 in., jointed beneath the flower; sepals } in. long, ovate or oblong, very unequal ; stigmas not like those of any other Indian species I have seen. Fruit about 1 in, long, erect on the spreading pedicel. Seed obtuse at both ends. 6. B. macrophylla, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 460; glabrous except the pubescent racemes, leaves 6-12 in. long-petioled very coriaceous elliptic. or obovate-oblong cuspidate or acuminate, nerves 10-12 pairs very . strong beneath, stipules large broad coriaceous, male racemes 2-3 in. catkin- like, lowers sessile on the bracteate tips of the branchlets, fem. stout, sepals small, ovary globose hoary-tomentose, stigmas 3 small broad 2.lobed “Pressed, fruit small ellipsoid or globose glabrous 2-celled, seeds flat sub- asa 27 testa wrinkled. Pierardia macrophylla, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. 516. PENANG, Phillips PERAK, King’s Collector.—DtsTRIB. Borneo. . . A tree, 60-80 Tt. (in Perak), (a climber, Phillips.) Leaves very variable in size, smooth dark brown and shining above, rich red-brown beneath when dry, cross- B 370 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEH. (J. D. Hooker) [Baccaurea. nervules faint, base acute cuneate or rounded ; petiole 2-3 in., stout; stipules (as in B. Griffithii) oblong, base obliquely auricled, often persistent and recurved. Male racemes subsessile or peduncled ; side branchlets incurved, bracteate and 2-bracteolate at the tip, flower s5 in. diam.; sepals subequal, rounded; stamens 4; pistillode very small, Fem. fl. 3; in. long; sepals oblong, obtuse. Fruit 3-3 in. long or broad, bluish green speckled with white.—The confluence of the bract of the male fl. with the branchlet of the raceme is as described in B. sumatrana, where however the flowers are solitary. In the fem. raceme the bract is suppressed. 7. B: minor, Hook. f.; branches slender, leaves 2-3 in. ovate or ovate- lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous base acuminate, nerves 4-5 pairs forming strong intra-marginal loops, petiole slender 3-1 as long as the blade, racemes on the branches, males 3-1 in. yellow tomentose, male fi. ternately sessile on the bracteate tips of the branchlets, fruiting racemes slender, rachis ebracteate, fruit globose pubescent smooth, pericarp thin. PERAK, King’s Collector, Scortechini. A tree, 20-30 ft.; shoots finely pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous, yellow when dry, greener beneath, strongly reticulate between the nerves. Male racemes peduncled, dense-fld.; flowers 2, in., sessile on very short side branches with a persistent bract produced beyond these and 2 bracteoles. Fem. racemes 6-10 in., slender, brown-tomentose, ebracteate; pedicels very short, jointed and obscurely dilated in the middle, as if with a suppressed bract ; sepals } in., oblong, obtuse, tomen- tose ; ovary globose, densely tomentose ; stigmas sessile, spreading, 2-fid with recurved hardly papillose subulate arms which are tomentose at the back. Fruiting racemes on the older wood, 6-10 in. ; pedicels 4 in., jointed about the middle. Fruit 3-} in. diam., tipped with 3 minute broad 2-lobed stigmas, pericarp thin with a thin smooth endocarp. Seed orbicular, flat. 8. B. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branchlets hoary-pubescent or glabrous, leaves quite glabrous coriaceous long-petioled broadly ovate or oblong obtusely cuspidate or acuminate base usually broadly rounded or sub- cordate, nerves 7-10 pairs with slender cross-nervules, male racemes from the young branches rusty-tomentose, bracts small broad adnate to the short, branchlets that bear the flower clusters, fruiting racemes from the older wood rather slender, pedicels bracteate above the middle, fruit globose very finely rusty-tomentose 3-celled obscurely 3-ridged, styles minute 2-lobed depressed, pericarp very thin, cells hairy within, seeds flat, orbicular- ovate. Mauacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1415). PERAK, (King’s Collector.) . A tree, 25-30 ft. (in Perak), branches woody. Leaves 7-10 by 3-5 in., yellowish when dry, above smooth often shining, greenish or red-brown beneath, nerves slender ; petiole 4—4 the l-ngth of the blade. Male racemes 2-3 in. ; flowers subsessile, 35 i diam.; sepals 4-6, very unequal; stamens 5-6; pistillode obscure. Fruit 3 i. diam., like that of B. minor ; epicarp separating from a very thin coriaceous endocsrp, the walls of which within, and the membranous septa, are clothed with long lax hairs. —This is the only species in which I have observed the cells of the fruit to be (as 0 so many Aporose) hairy within; but it probably is so in others. Series IIT. Male racemes with short branched many-fld. lateral branches ; bracts if present on the rachis, or if on the branches caducous. * Bracts on the rachis 0, or small ovate or lanceolate much shorter than the flower clusters. 9. B. flaccida, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 459; shoots sparsely hairy, leaves glabrous 6-8 in. elliptic-lanceolate oblanceolate or obovate acu caudate or acuminate base acute, nerves 6-7 pairs, male racemes 1-2 "b. tomentose, bracts ovate shorter than the clusters of flowers, flowers 8U Baecaurea.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 371 sessile, stamens 6-8, fruiting racemes slender, pedicels bracteate in the middle, young fruit ovoid puberulous and hairy contracted into a short ame with 3 broad 2-lobed depressed stigmas. Pierardia flaccida, Wall. Cat. BURMA, Wallich. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4907), Beddome. Habit and foliage of B. sapida, ditfering in the shorter very deciduous male bracts, and in the bracts of the female not being at the base of the pedicel, but upon Yt. —An imperfectly known species. 10. B. Griffithii, Hook. f.; shoots sparsely stellate pubescent or glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate cuspidately acuminate base acute, nerves 6-8 pairs, stipules large oblong, male panicles 3—4 in., bracts small obtuse much shorter than the peduncles of the many-fld. lateral branchlets, fem. racemes short, bracts broadly ovate acute at the jointed base of the tomentose pedicels, sepals small, fruit 1-14 in. diam. long pedicelled depressed globose rugose, pericarp very thick. Matacoa, Griffith. Perak, King’s Collector. A tree, 50-60 ft. (in Perak); branches petioles and often leaves above black when dry. Leaves 8-12 in., thinly coriaceous, not shining, red-brown or pale beneath ; nerves strong, cross-nervules slender, reticulations large; petiole rather slender, equalling 1-3 of the blade; stipules J in. black, obtuse, like those of B. ma- crophylla. Male racemes much more compound than usual, rachis slender ; lateral branches much divided ; bracts often on the branchlets, caducons. Fem. racemes 2-3 in., rachis stout ; pedicels 3 in., stout; sepals 4^; in., obtuse ; ovary ovoid, densely tomentose, narrowed into a very short style with 3 recurved plumose stigmas, Pedicel of fruit -2 in., woody, very stout. Fruit sparsely pubescent or glabrate, pericarp } in. thick. Seeds not in a state for description.—The male flowers are described from a Malaccan specimen of Griffith. ll. B. Motleyana, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 461; branches robust, shoots petioles and leaves beneath finely tomentose, leaves large thinly coriaceous elliptic-oblong subacute, base narrow subcordate, nerves 12-16 pairs, male racemes on the branches tomentose very slender, bracts on the rachis minute lanceolate, lateral branches many-fld. Pierardia Motleyana, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864) 516. Perak, King’s Collector.—DrsTRrB. Borneo. A tree, 60-80 ft. (in Perak); branchlets as thick as the little finger. Leaves 8- 2 in., smooth above, greenish beneath with rusty pubescence on the nerves; petiole -3 in, stout.— Motley describes the fruit as having a thin yellow skin, and the seeds, Which are much esteemed, as surrounded by a juicy pulp, pleasant and sweet, but con- taining also an intense acid. This species much resembles in foliage and fruit the plate (t. iv.) of a Baccaurea in “ Marsden’s Sumatra,” alluded to under the description of the Lanseh (Ed. 3, p. 101) as the Rambe. ** Bracts on the rachis lanceolate, all or the lowest in the racemes longer n the clusters of Jlowers. .12. B. sapida, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 459 ; leaves glabrous elliptic-lanceolate oblanceolate or obovate acuminate base narrowed into the petiole, nerves 5-6 pairs, male panicles 2-3 in., bracts lanceolate usually much longer than the flowering-clusters hirsute, fem. racemes very long, fem. pedicel bracteate at the base, sepals linear-oblong i in. long, ovary -celled strigosely tomentose, stigmas sessile broad depressed 2-lobed, fruit subglobose or ellipsoid and contracted at the apex, pericarp coriaceous fleshy, seeds flat with a smooth testa and thick fleshy covering. Kurz For. F l. ii. 356, B, macrostachya, Wight Ie. t. 1913. B. propinqua, Muell. Arg. l. c. tha 372 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Baccaurea. 463. Pierardia sapida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 254; Wall. Cat. 8072.— Wall. Cat. 7758, 7761, 8071. Base of the Eastern HIMALAYA, J. D. H., Clarke. Assam, Hamilton. SILHET, Burma, the MALAY PENINSULA and ANDAMAN ISLANDS, wild or cultivated.— Disrris. Malay Archipelago. . An evergreen tree, 40-50 ft., shoots substrigosely pubescent. Leaves 4-8 in., rather membranous; petiole 1-14 in. Male racemes usually on the branches or trunk, fem. lower down, or on the trunk, both tomentose. Male fl. about 1. diam., on very short lateral branches; sepals 4-5, unequal; stamens 4-8. Fem. sepals j-j in. long. Fruit 3-1 in. diam., yellow, puberulous ; endocarp not separable, smooth within. Seeds orbicular, fleshy coat rose-coloured.—1 find no characters whereby to distinguish B. propinqua from sapida, which appears to be a commonly cultivated tree in India, but to be also truly wild in the Sikkim Terai (Clarke) and Khasia Hills. The detached pyriform fruits distributed by Wallich with his No. 8071 do not, I think, belong to this species. 13. B. brevipes, Hook. f.; branchlets robust and leaves beneath pubescent or tomentose, leaves large thinly coriaceous obovate-oblong nar- rowed into the petiole subacute or acuminate, nerves about 12 pairs very strong beneath ascending and slightly arched, male racemes on the branches very long and slender hoary-pubescent, bracts linear-lanceolate lower longer than the clusters of flowers, fem. spikes from the trunk and branches stout tomentose, flowers sessile, sepals 3 in., ovary ovoid villously strigose, stigmas short broad depressed 2-lobed, fruit subglobose 3-celled, seed compressed beaked smooth. PERAK, King’s Collector, Wray, Scortechini. MaALAoCA, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4908, 4909), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1366, 1367, 1405).—DIsTRIB. Borneo. A small tree (in Perak); branchlets as thick as the little finger. Leaves 8-14 by 4-6 in., from sparsely pilose with scattered hairs to tomentose beneath; base acute obtuse or cordate ; petiole 1-3 in., very stout. Male racemes with short lateral 2 3-fid. branches ; flowers 54, in. diam ; sepals 4-5, unequal; stamens 4-8. Fem. spikes 6-10 in., stout. Fruit j-l in. diam., pubescent, cream-coloured, or waxy white. Seeds }-} in. long, contracted rather suddenly into a beak ; aril light blue. *** Bracts large, broad, concave, enclosing the clusters of flowers, deciduous. 14. B. bracteata, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 466; shoots petioles nerves beneath and spikes rusty-pubescent or tomentose, leaves long-petioled coriaceous elliptic-oblong -ovate or -lanceolate acuminate or acute, with 5-7 pairs of strong nerves and black dots beneath, inflorescence of both sexes on the young branches 1-3 in., bracts of male panicle broadly ovate concave exceeding the clusters of flowers, ovary villous ovoid contracte into a short style with 3 suberect 2-fid stigmas, fruit globose, pericarp very thick 3-valved. Pierardia dulcis, Wall. Cat. 8075 (not of Jack). Sapium sterculiacum, Wall. Cat. 7974.— Wall. Cat. 7824. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector, &c. Matacca and SINGAPORE, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4900, 4899), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1362, 1390).—DISTBIB- Borneo, A tree, 30-60 ft. in Perak; branches terete, smooth, red brown. Leaves from 3 by 1-1} in. to 7 by 4 in., base rounded or acute, dark brown above when dry. usually reddish beneath with black glands, and strong nerves; petiole equalling + t the length of the blade. Male panicles 2-3 in. ; branches rather long and distant, i first sheathed in the often opposite imbricating bracts, which are 4—4 in. long obten . and tomentose. Male flowers 4',—4 in. diam.; sepals 3-5, oblong, very unequa ; stamens 4-6; pistillode columnar. Fem. racemes lax-fid. ; sepals } in. long, linea Baccaurea.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 378 oblong, obtuse. Fruit 3-1 in. diam., obscurely 3-gonous, loculicidal, pericarp very thick; endocarp not separating, walls smooth within.—This cannot be Jack’s B. ulcis, 15. B. reticulata, Hook. f:; shoots petioles and nerves beneath finely yellow-tomentose or hoary, leaves long-petioled coriaceous elliptic- oblong or elliptic acuminate or cuspidate not dotted beneath base acute pale eneath with 8-12 pairs of strong nerves, nervules strongly reticulated, male racemes on the branches stout finely tomentose, bracts broadly ovate cucullate longer thon the short lateral branches and flower-clusters. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4899), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1360, 1360/2, 1365), Hervey.—DisTR1B. Sumatra. Habit of B. bracteata, but leaves much paler, often yellow beneath, with very strong reticulations and no black dots. In the Calcutta Herbarium this bears three names, B. costulata (from Malacca), B. pubera (from Banca), and B. bracteata (with- out locality). B. costulata (of whieh I have seen authentic specimens) has few nerves and leaves nearly smooth beneath between them. B. pubera is a doubtful Baccaurea with stellate tomentose parts ; and B. bracteata is described above. 16. B. latifolia, King in Herb. Calcutt.; branches and petioles sub- stellately puberulous, leaves long-petioled coriaceous elliptic or elliptic- oblong cuspidate or acute tomentose with soft hairs beneath and 10-12 pairs of very strong nerves, male panicles hoary-pubescent, bracts broadly ovate acuminate longer or equalling the flower clusters, fruiting racemes from the old wood stout, pedicels bracteate above the base jointed at the top, fruit globose smooth finely pubescent tipped with a short style 3-celled, pericarp very thick spongy. Prrax, King’s Collector. A tree, 50-60 ft.; branches stout. Leaves 6-8 by 3-5 in., or more oblong and 6-7 by 3-34 in., dark red brown above when dry, paler beneath, base acute or obtuse, petiole rather stout, $ or 3 the length of the blade. Male panicles from the youngest branches, 2—4 in. ; bracts 3 in. long, concave, hoary, caducous ; flowers ji; in. diam. ; sepals 4-5, broad; stamens as many; pistillode low, tumid. Fruiting racemes 6-8 in.; rachis hoary-pubescent, as thick as a duck’s quill; pedicels }-} in. long, Woody, with 2-3 broad short bracteoles, distinctly jointed below the calyx. Fruit 1n. diam., with the short obtuse calyx-lobes at the base. SPECIES OF WHICH THE MALE FLOWERS ALONE ARE KNOWN. 17. Baccaurea sp. A; branches slender black when dry glabrous to the tips, leaves 3-5 in. membranous elliptic subcaudately acuminate pase Very acute, nerves 4-6 pairs very slender, nervules obscure, petiole 1- M Very slender, male racemes on the branches very short #-1 in. de densely tomentose, bracts obtuse small adnate to the very short 2-3-fid. side branches, sepals and stamens 4, pistillode depressed orbicular. PENANG, King’s Collector (No. 1589). 18. Baccaurea sp. B; leaves glabrous 6-9 in. elliptic oblong or lan- ceolate acuminate base acute, nerves 5-6 pairs, petiole 2-2} in., male racemes from the branches 4-6 in. long by $ in. broad finely tomentose, Facts on the slender rachis } in. oblong acute or obtuse caducous shorter than the side branches, which bear many cymes of minute flowers zg 1n. lam., bracteoles on the branchlets minute persistent, sepals 9-6 unequal, anthers 5-7 sessile round the subclavate truncate pistillode. Prrax, King’s Collector (No. 3266). 874 CXXXY. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Baccaurea. 19. Baccaurea sp. C; a tree 40-60 ft., leaves glabrous 8-12 in. coriaceous elliptic obtusely acuminate base acute, nerves 9-10 pairs strong beneath, petiole 12-3 in. stout, male racemes on the branches 11-2 in. finely tomentose, rachis stout, bracts 1-1 in. longer than the clusters of flowers ovate-oblong obtuse concave glabrous caducous, flowers j—j; in. diam. in very short branched lateral cymes, sepals 4-5 very unequal, anthers minute filaments slender, pistillode lobed unequally. PERAK, alt. 2500-3000 ft., King’s Collector (No. 7368). 90. Baccaurea sp. D; branches petioles and leaves beneath and racemes brown tomentose, leaves coriaceous 5-8 in. oblong obtusely cus- pidate base rounded or cordate, nerves 10-12 pairs strong beneath with close- set cross-nervules, petiole stout i-l in., stipules broad tomentose, male racemes on the branches 4-6 in., bracts on the rachis lanceolate shorter than the short 3—4-fld. lateral branches. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4905, 4909 ?) ; * Rambehootan," Griffith. SPECIES OF WHICH THE FEM. FLOWER OR FRUIT ALONE IS KNOWN. 21. B. Wrayi, King in Herb. Calcutt.; a tree 60-80 ft., young branches and petioles hirsute, leaves 5-7 in. membranous elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate base very acute, beneath glabrous or with sparsely hairy midrib and 7-9 pairs of slender nerves and reticulate cross-nervules, etiole 1-2 in., stipules broadly ovate villous, fem. flowering racemes vil- ously tomentose rather stout, pedicels very short bracteate at the base, sepals 4 in. linear-oblong obtuse tomentose caducous, ovary ovoid hirsute, stigmas 3 depressed sessile 2-lobed, fruiting racemes 6-12 in. stout tomen- tose, pedicel 75-4 in. jointed in the middle, fruit 1-13 in. long ellipsoid or subovoid granulate bright red glabrous or puberulous 3-celled, pericarp thick, endocarp not separating smooth within, seeds 13 in. long ovate acute compressed. Perak, Wray, King's Collector. 22. B. malayana, King in Herb. Calcutt. ; a tree 60-80 ft., branches very stout, leaves 6-10 in. coriaceous glabrous pale broadly elliptic-oblong or lanceolate obtuse entire or crenate-serrate base acute or rounded, nerves 7-10 pairs arched slender, petiole 1-2 in., fruiting racemes short woody, pedicels 1-5 in. stout woody jointed about the middle or inarticulate, fruit very large 2 in. long ellipsoid or subglobosely obovoid softly appressedly white tomentose 2-3-celled, tip rounded with a minute style and 3 recurved 2-fid stigmas, pericarp very thick }1 in., endocarp hard and coriaceous smooth within sometimes separating, seeds large 1 in. long orbicular 1n the 2-celled fruit subtrigonously oblong in the 3-celled thick compressed smooth not furrowed. Hedycarpus malayanus, Jack. in T'rans. Linn. Soc. XiX. 18. Perak, King’s Collector. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1363).—DISTRIB. Sumatra. The Malaccan specimens have much narrower leaves, with acute bases and slanting nerves, than the Perak ones, which are broad and agree well with J ack's description of the Sumatran plant. Jack's character of the flowers is imperfect; he does not describe the bracts nor distinguish the sexes; he says the perianth is 4 or 5-partite, stamens 4 or 5, ovary 3- or 4-celled, stigmas 3 or 4. The bracts he describes as small broad and on the pedicel below its subdivision; this presumably applies to the fem. flower. It is the onl ecies with disti h this is not constant, y species wit istinctly serrate leaves, thoug 1 Baccaurea.) CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 875 23. B. Wallichii, Hook. f.; a tree 30-40 ft., glabrous, leaves 5-6 in. thinly coriaceous pale elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate obtusely often cau- dately acuminate, base very acute, nerves 5-7 pairs and cross-nervules slender, petiole slender usually i-i of the length of the blade, fruiting racemes from the old and young branches pubescent, bracts obscure or 0, pedicels 4 in. rather slender jointed about the middle, sepals caducous, fruit 3-1 in. diam. trigonously globose scarlet puberulous 3-celled, top rounded with a short style and 3 minute stigmas, pericarp thick corky, endocarp not separating pale red-brown within, seeds oblong or obovate acute compressed but turgid. Pierardia? Wall. Cat. 8073. Penana, Wallich. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. B. Warnucumn, var. P, leaves of B. Wallichii, flowering fem. racemes 1-2 in. very slender pubescent, pedicels very short bracteate at the base bracts very broad short, sepals } in. linear-oblong obtuse very finely pubes- cent, ovary ellipsoid densely tomentose 3-celled, stigma sessile peltate obscurely 3-lobed densely papillose, fruit as in B. Wallichii, but pale yellowish brown when dry minutely granulate and stigma sessile. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1365, flower, and 1368, fruit). 24. B. macrocarpa, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 459? quite glabrous, bark of branches white, leaves 5-7 in. coriaceous oblong or obovate- oblong abruptly obtusely caudately cuspidate grey brown and shining above, dark red-brown beneath with 6-8 pairs of strong nerves and cross-nervules, base narrow obtuse or subcordate, petiole 1-14 in. black when dry, fem. Owering racemes from the branches 3-6 in. nearly glabrous stout black When dry, pedicels à in. stout recurved jointed about the middle, very obscurely bracteate at the base and short rounded sepals glabrous, ovary broadly ovoid laterally 3-lobed contracted into a stout style with 3 large recurved plumose stigmas quite glabrous. Matacea, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4903).—Closely resembles a Sumatran specimen marked p, macrocarpa, Miquel, in the Calcutta Herbarium, but which differs from Mueller’s description of that plant in the glabrous branches petioles and leaf-nerves neath, and in the fruit being globose and not at all ellipsoid. 25. Baccaurea sp. E; a tree 30-60 ft., glabrous, leaves 4-6 in. coria- ceous elliptic- or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute, base rounded or acute Yellowish above when dry and greenish beneath, nerves 10-12 pairs very (rong beneath, nervules strongly reticulate, petiole 1-3 the length of e blade, fruiting racemes from the old branches 4-8 in. slender pubescent, pedicels è in. jointed about the middle ebracteate or with a very minute pact at the joint tomentose as well as the short obtuse sepals, fruit 3-3 in. "rgidly ellipsoid or globose contracted into a very short beak with 3 very Minute recurved 2-fid stigmas obscurely 3-ridged puberulous and obscurely wrinkled, pericarp very thin, endocarp not separable pale brown within, Seeds 3 in, long orbicular-ovate smooth compressed slightly pointed. Perak, King’s Collector (No. 6240 and 6860). 26. Baccaurea sp. F; branchlets and petioles scurfily tomentose, leaves in. coriaceous oblong acute or acuminate base subacute smooth above, jitly tomentose beneath, nerves 6-7 pairs very strong beneath and forming tune marginal arches red brown when dry, young with minute marginal ts of hairs, fem. sepals very short ovate, stigmas minute sessile 2-fid, itl in, diam. very shortly pedicelled on a very short stout peduncle 376 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Baccaurea. depressed-globose 3-celled obscurely 3-lobed smooth rusty-puberulous, peri- carp rather thick, seeds 3 in. long broadly ellipsoid compressed smooth. PERAK, Scortechini.—This in Herb. Calcutta is named B. macrocarpa, Muell., but it does not agree with the description of that species. 27. Baccaurea sp. G; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath tomen- tose, leaves 5-6 in. coriaceous elliptic acute or acuminate base acute or obtuse shining above, nerves 6-8 pairs very strong beneath, petiole equalling NUN the blade, fruiting racemes 1-3 in. very stout tomentose, fruit subsessile ł-1 in. long obovoidly pyriform terete 3-celled smooth finely puberulous, pedicel bracteate at the base, top rounded, stigmas 3 short depressed 2-fid, arms short recurved, pericarp thick glabrous within, seed as in sp. 26. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4901), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1361).—Perhaps a variety of 26, 28. Baccaurea sp. H; a small shrub or tree 10-15 ft., branches slender with pure white bark, leaves 3-5 in. rather membranous elliptic-laneeolate obtuse, base very acute, nerves 5-6 pairs very slender and nervules faint y reticulate, petiole 1—3 in., fruiting racemes very short from the branc os 1-2 in. slender glabrous, pedicels 5 in. ebracteate tomentose jointed abou the middle, sepals caducous, fruit 4 in. turgidly ellipsoid rarely globose obscurely puberulous and wrinkled 2-celled base rather contracted p rounded with a very short style and 3 minute stigmas, pericarp very, t lar endocarp not separable pale red-brown within, seeds 3 in. obovoidly orbiculat compressed smooth, umbonate at the lower end. Perak, King's Collector (No. 7213).—Closely resembles a fruiting Javanene specimen of B. javanica, Muell., from Teysmann, which differs in not baving W Iso bark, and in there being minute subulate bracts at the base of the pedicels. En resembles a plant named B. acuminata, Muell., from the Nicobar Islands in 1 e Calcutta Herbarium, but neither has that white bark. The Bornean plant, Motley n. 579, referred by Mueller to B. javanica is, I think, quite different from all the above. 29. Baccaurea? symplocoides, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves 4—5 in. membranous ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate pen- ninerved, nerves 6-7 pairs slender, petiole slender, fem. racemes axillary on the young branches rather longer than the petioles, rachis and pedunc? puberulous, bracts minute broad membranous, sepals 4-5 minute broad, ovary ovoid oblong compressed truncate, stigmas 2 very short, fruit jan long ellipsoid or ovoid smooth, epicarp thin, endocarp papery. PERAK, Scortechini ; Larut and Goping, King’s Collector. ssh when A tree, 30—40 ft. ; branchlets smooth, often dark purple. Leaves greens mes dry and margins undulate, base cuneate or acute; petiole }-} in. Fem. aruit. 1-1} in.; pedicels j'; in., of fruit }-+ in. Calyx very minute, not enlarged in fleshy Fruit yellow, endocarp and septum glabrous within. “Seeds oblong with a thin coat. . and i$ PIERARDIA, Wall. Cat. 7906, from Singapore, is not of this genus, undeterminable. HYMENOCARDIA, Wall. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, and triple-nerved ats base or penninerved. Flowers dicecious,apetalous; males solitary 10 the mes} of a catkin-like lateral spike, females in short axillary or lateral Tao bracts often foliaceous in fruit. Disk 0. Mars ru, Calyx membra Hymenocardia.] cxxxv. EvPHOoRBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 377 irregularly 4—6-lobed or -partite. Stamens 4-6, filaments included, free or united below in a column; anthers large, at first reflexed, then horizontal, cells parallel. Pistillode small or equalling the filaments. Ferm. rr. Sepals narrow, free, caducous. Ovary 2-celled, flattened at right angles to the plane of the septum; styles long, subterete, entire, papillose all over; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule flat, of 2 compressed very broad wing-like cocci, separating from a centralaxis; pericarp crustaceous ; endocarp mem- ranous. Seeds usually solitary in the cocci, flat, testa thin, albumen not Copious ; cotyledons very thin, broad, flat; radicle long.—Species 5, Tropical ndian, Malayan and African. H. punctata, Wall. Cat. 3549; shoots and leaves beneath pubescent and lepidote, leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or acute, male spikes lepidote. H. Wallichii, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Vat. Ser. 3, xv. (1851) 256; Muell. Arg. m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 416 ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 394. Samaropyxis elliptica, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 465. TENASSERIM, and Burma, Wallich, &c. ? UPPER Assam; Mishmi, Grifith. A deciduous shrub or small tree; branches woody, terete. Leaves 1-3 in., coria- Ceous, elliptic, obtuse acute or acuminate, polished above, pubescent and densely glandular beneath, costa with 3-5 pairs of straight nerves; petiole }-} in. Male spikes ) in., 1-3 together, yellow, puberulous and clothed with large glands, flowers Very minute; bracts peltate, pedicelled. Ovary ellipsoid, compressed. Capsule very broadly obcordate, or transversely oblong, broader than long, $ in. diam., reticulately veined and with an intra-marginal vein ; epicarp thin, endocarp papery shining within. Seed rounded, quite flat.—The fruit is not winged, as described, the cavity corre- ‘ponding with the superficies. The Mishmi ticket may be an error for Burma. 27. GALEARIA, Zol. 4 Moritz. Glabrous or pubescent slender small trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, Siortly petioled, quite entire, penninerved, base usually unequal-sided. lowers small or minute, in very long slender terminal racemes, dicecious ; racts minute or 0, rarely long and very slender; males fascicled, fem. Usually solitary. Disk 0, or obscure in the male. MALE Ft. Calyx 5-toothed r -partite. Petals 5, short, very concave, with inflexed margins and tips, Induplicate-valvate, keeled down the middle within. Stamens 10, filaments very short, the antipetalous shortest; anthers didymous, glabrous or hispid. istillode usually hirsute. Fw. FL. Calyz and petals of the male. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles short, slender, 2.partite ; ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit small, transversely oblong or very broadly obcuneate cuneate or subreni- orm, rarely large and globose, endocarp hard 1-2-celled. Seeds conform to e cells, compressed, testa membranous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, t.—Species 12 to 15, Malayan. ; , The Herbarium materials for this genus are very incomplete indeed. The pons ìs uniform throughout, or nearly so. The sections founded by Mueller on the petals ing hooded only at the apex and on these being hooded throughout their length are not tenable. `The pistillode is, I think, a very variable organ. G@. Maingayi fers much from the other species in the fruit, and may prove generically distinct. * Anther-cells glabrous; filaments and tip of connectives tomentose. l. G. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves oblong obtuse, racemes stout, Pedicels longer than [M male idars, calyx cupular 5-toothed, petals pube- Fulous margins and midrib within tomentose, fruit subglobose 1 in. diam. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1412 and 1412/2). 978 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Galearia. Glabrous ; branchlets rather stout. Leaves 6-8 in., coriaceous, dark brown when dry, base rounded or broadly cuneate; nerves 10-14 pairs, very spreading, slender ; petiole 4—4} in. Racemes 6-8 in.; bracts 0; pedicels j3,—j in.; flowers longer than in the other species. Pistillode columnar, truncate, tomentose. Fruit immature, “ fleshy, capsular, rugose, pale green with 3 longitudinal alge extending from. e apex to the base, 2-3.locular," Maingay mss.—Possibly generically distinct from Galearia. ** Anther-cells hispid, filaments glabrous or pubescent. 2. G. fulva, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 205, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1037 (Bennettza) ; branchlets and racemes rusty-tomentose,leaves elliptie- lanceolate acuminate sparsely pubescent at length glabrous beneath, oars flowers shortly pedicelled, margins of petals ciliate, anthers hispid, filamen glabrous. Cremostachys fulva, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xv. (18 ) 262.—Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 O (in part). PENANG, Wallich, Phillips, &c. . th Shoots densely rusty tomentose. Leaves 4-8 in., yellowish especially bene? le when dry, base acute, rarely elliptic with a rounded base, nerves 7—10 pairs; petio t 4 in. pubescent. Racemes a foot long and less, slender; bracts minute, or the lowe subulate ; male fl. subglobose, 3; in. diam. ; pedicels rather longer. Petals orbicu »" Pistillode short, subclavate, with a rounded hispid top. Ovary densely fulvous to- mentose. Young fruit transversely oblong, velvety with pale tomentum. 3. G. pedicellata, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251 (Bennettia) ; branch- lets and racemes puberulous, leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong or narrow y oblong or lanceolate acuminate glabrous or puberulous beneath, male pedicels much longer than the flowers, petals very broad glabrous margins ciliate, filaments and anthers hispid. Bennettia pedicellata, Muell. Arg. ™ DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1039.—Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 (in part). PzNaxG, Wallich, Phillips. . 1 A small tree, 10 ft. Leaves 6-12 in., and petioles very much as in G. fulva. Male racemes 12-16 in., slender; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels j5- ign flowers 5—4 in. diam., depressed. 4. G. Helferi, Hook. f.; branchlets and racemes finely tomentose, leaves narrowly oblong or elliptic or oblanceolate acuminate glabrons beneath, flowers subsessile minute, petals wholly glabrous, anther-ce!s hispidly ciliate filaments glabrous. G. Wallichii, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 407. TENASSERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4968), Kurs. e Branchiets and racemes, when dry, almost black with very fine pubescence. Leaves 8-12 by 23-353 in., rather membranous, narrower than in other Indian specien with fewer (6-8 pairs) nerves for their length; petiole longer, $ in., and m beneath dark and pubescent, Male racemes 12 in. ; bracts 0 or obscure; flowers 2 ais subglobose. Filaments very short, glabrous. Pistillode conical, glabrous. |” from his description is evidently Kurz’s Wallichii ; he describes the fruit as (accor ing to Brandis) “ the size of a prune, blue and pruinous, broader than long; the stone unequally wrinkled,” 5. G. Jackiana, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251 ( Bennettia) ; branchlets and racemes finely pubescent, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceo" acuminate glabrous or puberulous beneath, flowers subsessile very 285 A. margins of petals ciliate, anthers hispid,—Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8 Limonia leptostachya, Jack mss. PENANG, Jack. , This has the foliage of G. fulva, and the minute flowers of G. Helfert. Galearia. ] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACERZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 979 6. G. subulata, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1039 (Bennettia) ; branchlets petioles and rachis of racemes rusty-pubescent, leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate cuspidately acuminate yellow-green puberulous on the costa and nerves beneath, bracts erect subulate, flowers subsessile, sepals rounded, margins of petals ciliate, filaments and anthers hispid. Prnan@ (in Herb. Sonder from Herb. Lindley). ? Perak (Herb. Hort. Calcutt., No. 840 and 2684). I have seen no Penang specimens of this, which must be very near G. Jackiana, differing in the long bracts. The Perak specimens, which I doubtfully refer to it, have green leaves, 7-12 by 21-5 in., with acute or rounded bases and 5-6 pairs of Very strong nerves beneath; they are not in flower, but one (No. 2684) has fruit 4 in. broad by 3 long, very broadly wedge-shaped with rounded angles and a truncate broad base, densely clothed with a pale tomentum. The bracts seem early deciduous. *** Anthers and filaments quite glabrous. 7. G. Lindleyana, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 205, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1037 ; branchlets and leaf-nerves beneath and racemes finely fulvous tomentose, leaves ovate elliptic or oblong acuminate, male racemes strict, flowers small very shortly pedicelled, petals and stamens quite gla- brous, pistillode with a truncate hispid dilated top.—Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 C (in part). Prvane, Wallich, Porter ; on West Hill, alt. 2500 ft., Curtis. Leaves 6-7 in., rather coriaceous, base acute or rounded; nerves 6-8 pairs, rather strong beneath ; petiole 4 in. Racemes apparently erect, 6-10 in.; bracts 0 or obscure, pedicels shorter than the flowers which are not 4, in. diam. ; petals rounded with a few cilia on the tips, 8. G. affinis, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251 (Bennettia); branchlets leaves beneath and racemes finely pubescent, leaves elliptic oblong or lan- ceolate acuminate puberulous beneath, male racemes erect, flowers very shortly pedicelled, petals and stamens quite glabrous. Bennettia affinis, Muell, Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1037.— Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 B. SINGAPORE, Cantley. Matacca, Mt. Ophir, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4966). Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1411),—D1sterB. ? Siam, Finlayson. — Leaves rather coriaceous, 5-8 by 11-3 in.; nerves 6-8 pair, strong beneath; Petiole very short, jj in., stout, Male racemes 4-5 in. (2 ft. in the Singapore speci- mens), rachis faintly pubescent or tomentose; flowers j; in. diam., almost sessile. : ruit transversely oblong, pubescent, $ in. diam. when dry.—I am doubtful as to all ` e specimens from the above localities being referable to one species ; they present e following differences :— | habi; Wallich's No. 8585 B, in part, which is from Herb. Finlayson and is pro- 8 Y Siamese (not Penang as stated by Mueller), has oblong-lanceolate leaves lai by 14-2 in., with acute bases, male racemes 4 in. long, and a short columnar ary pistillode, 2. Cantley's Si in No. 1 emes 2 ft. long, and a | pisti ley's Singapore plant has leaves as in No. 1, racemes. "ng | Mrillode with few hairs below and a dilated glabrous top.—A fruiting specimen from | of NOCT Maingay, has a similarly elongate raceme, but the leaves are more like those o. 1. 3. Griffith’s from Mt. Ophir and a Malaccan fruiting specimen from Maingay re leaves 5-7 by 21-3 in. with rounded or even subcordate bases, racemes of No. 1, | a stout columnar villous pistillode. l 3. G. Wallichii, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251 (Bennettia) ; branchlets “aves and racemes glabrous, leaves oblong elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate 380 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ, (J.D. Hooker) [Galearia. acuminate, petiole short but slender, pedicels of male fl. shorter or longer than the flowers, petals and stamens glabrous. Bennettia Wallichii Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1038. — Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 E. TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Gomez, Helfer, Lobb.—St1NGAPORE, Hallett. A tree. Leaves 5-7 by 14-23 in., base usually acute (in our species 4j by 21 with rounded base), nerves 6-7 pairs ; petiole ,—} in., much more slender than in the other species. Male racemes 6-12 in.; bracts O or minute, subulate ; flowers js—5 in. diam, Petals quite naked at the margin and tips. Pistillode short, tomentose, conic or with a dilated top.— Mueller describes the fruit as 4 in. broad and 3i long and rugose, but as there are no fruits in Wallich's specimens and he does not allude to any others, those he described may belong to another species, Kurz’s Wal- lichii is G. Helferi, having tomentose branches, petioles and racemes. 10. G. phlebocarpa, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251 (Bennettia) ; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate quite glabrous, male flowers very minute subsessile, petals narrow glabrous except the ciliate tips, filaments and anthers quite glabrous, fruit transversely oblong tessellately rugose. Bennettia phlebocarpa, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1038.—Bennettia, Wall. Cat. 8585 D. SINGAPORE, Wallich, ? TENASSERIM, Helfer. Branchlets glabrous, or with puberulous tips. Leaves 6-12 in., acute or obtuse; nerves 8-10 pairs, strong beneath; petiole 5 in., glabrous or puberulous. — Male racemes 6-12 in., pubescent or tomentose; bracts very minute, crowded, villous; flowers 434. in. diam. Petals narrower than usual in the genus, tips hispid with deciduous hairs. Stamens very short. Pistillode obconic, glabrous, with a truncate villous top. Fruit 3 in. diam., broadly wedge-shaped.—The Tenasserim specimen, à solitary one in flower only, has shorter broader leaves 44 by 2} in. with only 4 pairs of nerves, and a more tomentose rachis of the raceme and calyx; without fruit it cannot be identified.—I refrain from citing (after Mueller) the Sumatran G. suma- trana, elliptica and angustifolia, Miquel. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. BenNETTIA Finlaysoniana, Br. in Bennett Fl. Jav. 251; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1039). Wallich’s specimens (No. 8585 B) have neither flower nor fruit, nor have they any locality assigned to them in Wallich’s printed Catalogue. In the Flora Javæ they are said to have been collected in Penang by Finlayson. lis described as having pubescent branchlets and glabrous petals and stamens. ueller suggests its being the Sumatran G. splendens. 28. MICRODESMIS, Planch. Slender shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, penninerved. Flowers minute, in axillary clusters, dicecious; males numerous, fem. few. Mate FL. Sepals 5 (4—6 P), imbricate. Petals small, twisted and imbricate. Stamens 5, or 10 and 2-seriate, inserted on a fleshy receptacle, filaments free; anthers erect, cells subparallel. Pistillode columnar, ovoid or 9? h Fem. FL. Perianth of the male. Ovary fleshy, minutely 9-3.celled at t s base; styles short, 2-partite or lacerate; ovules 1 in each cell. p fleshy; putamen bony, rugged. Seeds broadly ovoid, testa membranous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons ovate, flat.—Species 2, tropical, an Asiatic a an African. M. caseariefolia, Planch. in Hook. Ic. Pl. under t. 758; Jm elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate entire or obscurely toothed, stamet” 10 in 2 series, ovary 2-celled. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1+ : Kurz For. Fl. ii. 408.— Wall. Cat. 7987, 9077. : Microdesmis.] oxxxv. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 381 TENAssERIM, Helfer, &c. PERAK, King's Collector. PENANG, Wallich, &c. Mataooa, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1424, 1454).—DISTRIB. Borneo, South ina, r A small evergreen tree; branchlets and youngest leaves puberulous. eaves 2-6 in., often subfalcate, glabrous, glossy, base very acute, minutely pellucid-punc- tate ; petiole 2 in. Flowers very shortly pedicelled, puberulous. Sepals elliptic- ovate. Petals orbicular, concave. Stamens alternately shorter, counective apicu- late. Styles reflexed. Fruit l-4 in. diam., globose, 2-celled, bright red.—Wallich’s No. 7987 is stated to be from Silhet, but this is no doubt an error. 29. PLATYSTIGMA, Brown. A tree P? with rust -pubescent shoots and inflorescence. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules? Flowers in short axillary panicles, sessile or very shortly pedicelled, dicecious. Disk 0. Mark FL. racteate and 2-bracteolate. Sepals 4-5, unequal, imbricate. Petals 4-5, ovate, acute, valvate. Stamens 4-5, filaments very short; anthers large, cells oblong parallel, slits subextrorse. Pistillode 0. Fem. ru. 1-bracteate. Sepals 5, broadly ovate, imbricate, 2 interior. Ovary cylindric, pubescent, l-celled ; stigma very broad, sessile, disciform, quite entire; ovule 1, pen- dulous from the top of the cell, linear, without an obturator. P. myristiceum, Brown in Wall. Cat. 7523 (fem. plant); Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1707.—Myristicea, Wall. Cat. 9017 (male plant). Stuer, W, Gomez. . M Branches woody, terete, black when dry, hoary. Leaves 9-7 by 2-3} in., elliptic or elliptic oblong, acute or acuminate, base acute or obtuse, glabrous above, beneath rary pale brown; nerves 10-12 pairs, slender, nervules obscure; petiole }-1 in. Male panicles 1-3 in., sessile, rachis and branches stout; buds globose; flowers t in. am., crowded on the tomentose branches; sepals hispidly pubescent, much shorter an the corolla; petals glabrous or with a few very minute stellate hairs ; anthers .PPosite the petals and nearly as large. Fem. panicles much shorter and fewer-fid. than the male; flowers on very stout pedicels, which are 1-bracteate at the base ; pals 4 in. long ; ovary rusty-tomentose with very thick walls and a narrow central cell; stigma broader than the body of the ovary, black when dry; ovule linear.—I $m not certain that this is an Euphorbiaceous plant. Bentham, who has noted that it as 2 ovules but one sometimes abortive (I find but one in the many specimens examined), has suggested (Gen. Plant. iii. 283) that it may be a Baccaurea, from Which the 1-celled ovary, linear ovule, stigma, and absence of a thickening or joint at © apex of the petiole at once distinguish it. I find no trace of stipules. 30. ELATERIOSPERMUM, Blume. A handsome glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, jointed on to the 2-glan- dular long petiole, quite entire, penninerved, reticulate. Flowers mn di- trichotomous panicled cymes, moncecious, apetalous, central of each cyme a Sessile female, Marg FL, Sepals 4-6, broad, imbricate. Stamens 10-20 or more, on a villous receptacle, filaments very short, free; anthers linear Oblong, erect, cells adnate, parallel, connective gland-tipped. Pis ul ode minute or 0, Ferm. FL. Sepals 6, imbricate, caducous. Disk elevated, pubescent, Staminodes many, within the disk. Ovary ovoid, tapering into 1 Short thick style, 2-4-celled ; stigmas 3, dilated, crescent-shaped ; ov ules 5» each cell, obturator large. Capsule large, of 2 2-valved cocci with a in fleshy exocarp, and bony endocarp. Seeds large, oblong, testa crus- taceous shining, a basen Pt in iL cotyledons plano-convex, fleshy, Tadicle very short. 382 OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Elateriospermum, E. Tapos, Blume Bijd. i. 621; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. i. 1131; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. i. 412, and Suppl. 460; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1294. PERAK, Scortechini. Matacca, Gaudichaud, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4960), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1440), &c.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Java. A lofty evergreen ? tree, 60-80 ft. ; branchlets robust. Leaves 4-8 in., coriaceous, oblong or linear-oblong, obtusely acuminate, base acute, nerves 12-16 pairs; petiole 1i-2 in. slender. Panicles in the uppermost axils, peduncle stout, 14-3 in., branches and pedicels short. Male fl. } in. diam.; fem } in. Sepals oblong. Ovary ovoid, pubescent. Capsule 2 in. long, oblong, smooth. Seeds 1} in. long, oblong, chestnut- brown, subtrigonous with rounded top base and sides, and an obscure dorsal and ventral ridge; testa white and veined within. 31. JATROPHA, Linn. Herbs shrubs or trees, often glandular and prickly. Leaves alternate, entire or digitately lobed or partite; stipules often ciliate. Flowers in terminal cymes, moneecious, the central in the cyme or its forks usually female, often petaliferous. MALE rr. Sepals 5, imbricate, often petaloid. Petals 5, contorted, free or connate. Disk entire or of 5 glands. Stamens many, filaments of all or the interior only, connate; anthers erect. Pistil- lode 0. Ferm. rr. Perianth of the male. Ovary 2-4-celled; styles connate below, 2-fid, lobes entire or 2-lobed; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 2-4 2-valved cocci, endocarp crustaceous or bony. Seeds ovoid or oblong, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 70, chiefly American. * Petals free or nearly so. 1. J. glandulifera, Row). Fl. Ind. iii. 688; glabrous, leaves simple and ovate or 3—5-lobed below the middle base cordate, lobes ciliate with long-stipitate glands, stipules long capillary laciniate, and cymes glandular, bracts setose and glandular, sepals entire, stamens 8. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1084; Wall. Cat. 7802; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 403; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 229. J. glauca, Vahl Symb. i. 78; Thwaites Enum. 277. Deccan PENINSULA from the Concan southwards. CEYLON; at Damboul, Gardner.—Distr1B. Tropical Africa. A small evergreen tree, 4-8 ft., trunk stout. Leaves 3-5 in. long and broad, sub- peltate; lobes acute, sometimes toothed ; petiole 2-3 in., smooth or with simple or branched capillary glandular hairs. Flowers greenish yellow, in glandular corymbose cymes. Sepals glabrous or glandular-ciliate, male obtuse, fem. acuminate. Petals united at the base only. Ovary glabrous. Capsule size of a cherry, slightly 6-lobed. —I have seen only Deccan specimens. 2. J. nana, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 229; dwarf, glabrous, leaves entire or 3-lobed base cuneate, lobes entire, petiole very short stout, bracts and flowers glabrous, sepals entire. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 1083. The Concan ; stony places near Poona, Bombay, &c., Dalzell, óc. NEN A small sparingly branched shrub, 1-2 ft. Leaves broadly cuneate, 3-5 in. diam., lobes broad, acute ; petiole 21—l in.; stipules not seen. Styles slender, stigmas Capi- telate.—The specimens are not in a very good state. This and the following are dwarfs of African type. _ 9. J. heterophylla, Heyne mss.; dwarf, glabrous, eglandular, CEN simple, leaves petioled simple and cordate or 3-5-lobed below the middle, Jatropha.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 383 lobes quite entire, stipules capillary, bracts and sepals entire.— Wall. Cat. 7808 (the upper specimen). Deccan PrNINSULA; Hyderabad, Heyne; Madras, Shuter; Northern Circars, in cultivated ground, Wight. : Stems 4—6 in. from a tuberous rootstock, stout, subsimple, terete. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., rather thick, very variable in form, glaucous beneath, base cuneate, petiole i-i in., stout. Flowers very small. Capsule } in. long.—Wallich’s solitary speci- men, received from Wight, has quite simple ovate or oblong-ovate cordate acuminate leaves ; those of Heyne, &c., are lobed. ,, J. GossyPIroiia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1006; shrubby, leaves 3—5-lobed or -par- tite, lobes glandular-serrulate, petiole with branched glandular pales or hairs, stipules capillary multifid glandular, bracts and entire sepals glan- dular-ciliate, stamens 10-12 monadelphous. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1086; Bot. Reg. t. 746 ; Jacq. Ic. t. 633. BENGAL, Clarke. SINGAPORE, Maingay (cultivated or an escape).—DISTRIB. ative of Brazil, A shrub or herb, glabrous or with the inflorescence and leaves pubescent. Leaves 2-4 in, diam., lobes broadest in the middle; petiole 2-4 in. Male sepals ovate, acute; petals purple or red. Capsule ovoid, 3-lobed. J. MULTIFIDA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1006; glabrous, leaves long-petioled orbi- cular palmately cut into many narrow entire or lobulate caudate-acuminate segments, stipules capillary multifid eglandular, bracts and entire sepals glabrous, disk of fem. fl. urceolate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. il. 1089; Wall. Cot. 7801; Salisb. Hort. Paradis. t. 91. Cultivated and naturalized in various parts of INDIA.—DISTRIB. Native of South merica. . A large shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-5 in. diam., glaucous beneath ; petiole about as long. Cymes long-peduncled ; flowers scarlet ; anthers linear. ** Petals cohering to the middle or above it. 4. J. Wightiana, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1080; pubes- rent, eglandular, leaves peltate orbicular or ovate entire or roundly 5-7- obed. lobes obtuse entire, bracts and sepals entire, corolla-tube of malo ous within, ovary and styles pubescent. J. peltata, Wight Te. t. 1 J. villosa in text). J. Curcas, Wall. Cat. 7799 D (in part). ; : The Deccan PENINSULA; in dry stony jungles near Coimbatore, Wight. low branching shrub, shoots Tasty -villous. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., tomentose beneath ; petiole as long; stipules unknown. Cymes corymbose ; peduncle stout ; wers pale yellow. Calyx-lobes lanceolate. Corolla salver-shaped, 4 me n o% S ovate-oblong, Styles united in a slender column; stigmas 2-partite. Cap 1n. long, globosely oblong.—I have seen leaves only. J. Cvncas, Lina. Sp. Pl. 1006; glabrous except the shoots, leaves long- betioled not peltate orbicnlar-cordate entire or 3-5-lobed or angled, ki vles Tous or pubescent, corolla-tube of male villous within, ony ree glabrous. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1080; Roxb, Fl. Ind. Y. 365) rand. Foy, Fi, 449; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 403; Gamble Man. Ind. Tim P 3; Wah. Cat, Bomb. Pl. 183; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 77; Jacq. ort. nd. iii, 36, t. 63; A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 11, p. 34 A; Wall. Cat. 7 (n Part) and 7799 (except part of D). J. moluccana, Herb. Russ. izeg troUghout INDIA and CEYLON, common near villages, cultivated and natural- —Disraig. Throughout the tropics. VOL. y. ougho e trop ce 384 CXXXV. EUFHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Jatropha. A large shrub or small evergreen tree. Leaves 4-6 in. diam.; lobes obtuse or acute, quite entire; petiole as long as the blade. Flowers yellow. Capsule 1-1} in. — Poison, physic or purging-nut. 32. TRITAXIS, Baill. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, penninerved. Flowers in terminal dichotomous cymes, moncecious, with the central one of each cyme female subsessile, surrounded by many pedicelled males, or diecious?P Mar FL. Calyx 5-fid. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Disk of 5 glands. Stamens in 2-3 whorls, the inner or all forming a central column; anthers of the outer whorl] erect, of the inner horizontal, cells parallel, slits introrse. Pistillode 0. Ferm. ru. Calyx of the male. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 2-fid. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci.—Species 3 or 4, Indian and Malayan. In Genera Plantarum, iii. 392, the calyx is, by misprint, described as 3-fid, and for Antitaxis read Anisotazis. T. ? Beddomei, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 221; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate-oblong entire or subsinuately toothed, cymes peduncled all male, stamens 8, filaments of the 2 or 3 inner combined 1n à slender column, of the outer free forming a whorl at the base of the column. TRAVANCORE ; at the foot of the Tinnevelly Ghats, Beddome. Branchlets slender, terete. Leaves 3-4 in., thinly coriaceous, obtuse or acute, base rounded, pale beneath ; nerves 10-12 pair, very slender, hardly stronger beneath than the nervules; petiole 4—4 in. Cymes terminal, branched, peduncles and pedicels slender. Flowers } in. diam. Calyx obtusely 4-lobed. Petals much longer, oblong. Disk-glands large. Filaments slender; anthers broadly oblong, slits lateral.—A very obscure plant, unlike in habit to 7. Cumingii, and with no fem. flowers in the male cymes, hence perhaps not a Zritavis. The Andaman Island (Port Mouat) plant referred doubtfully to Tritazis by Bentham (l. c.) has quite entire leaves with three strong basal nerves, and 5 to 6 pair of pinnate ones, and an exceedingly slender panicle ; it is referred to T'rigonostemon by Kurz. 33. ALEURITES, Forst. ° Trees with simple or stellate pubescence. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, broad, entire or 3-7-lobed, 3-7-nerved from the base, petiole 2-glandular at the top. Flowers in lax terminal panicled cymes, mono- dicecious. MALE FL. Calyx subglobose, bursting into 2-3-valvate lobes. Petals 5, longer. Stamens 8-20, on a conical receptacle, 5 outer opposite the petals, alternating with small glands, filaments free; anthers erect, adnate, cells parallel. Pistillode 0. Frm. FL. Perianth of the male. Disk obscure or of glands alternating with the petals. Ovary 2-5-celled; styles with 2 linear stout arms; ovules 1 in each cell. Drupe large; putamen hard, 1-5-celled. Seeds with a thick woody testa, albumen thick hard; embryo straight, cotyledons broad flat.—Species 3, Asiatic and Pacific. A. cordata, Muell. (Dryandra oleifera, Wall. Cat. 7958), a native of China and Japan, with broadly ovate-cordate acuminate leaves, and with anthers reflexed after flowering, is cultivated at Singapore, and elsewhere in India, but very rarely. A. moluccana, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 590; shoots and young bavis stellately puberulous or tomentose, leaves long-petioled polymorphous ora 1 to lanceolate or broadly rhomboid and obtusely or acutely 3-7-lob: base obtuse or truncete, calyx velvety, petals obovate-oblong bearded within, Aleurites.? OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 385 anthers erect, ovary 2-celled hispid. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 723; Kurz For. Fl. 377; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 276; Benth. Fl. Hongk. vi. 198. A. triloba, Forst. Char. Gen. 112, t. 56; Lamk. Iil.t.791; Willd. l. c.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 629; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 181; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 76; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 385; Wall. Cat. 7850. A. ambinux, Pers. Syn. 587; A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 12. A. cordifolia, Steud. Nomenc. 49. Camirium cordifolium, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 195. Jatropha moluccana, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1006.—Camirium, Rumph. Amb. ii. 180, t. 58. Oceurs in various parts of INDIA, especially the Malayan Peninsula, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4795), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1884). Wild in the Wynaad, but probably escaped from cultivation, Beddome.—DrisTRIB. Native of the Malay ? and Pacific Tslands. An evergreen tree, 40-60 ft. Zeaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 4- in. long; petiole 2-21 in., pubescent. Cymes tomentose ; flowers white, shortly Pedicelled. Calyx usually splitting into three lobes or segments, +5 in. long. Petals in. Stamens 15-20, on hairy receptacle, filaments hairy, short. Fruit 2-2} in. diam., uod lobose, fleshy, smooth, olive-coloured, containing 1 or 2 large, hard seeds with a Wed testa. 34. CROTON, Linn. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or Whorled, 2-glandular at the base. Flowers solitary or clustered on the rachis of a terminal raceme with small bracts, mona@cious, rarely dioccious. ALE FL. Calyx 5-(4-6-)partite, imbricate or subvalvate. Petals as many as and equalling or shorter than the sepals. Disk-glands as many, opposite e sepals. Stamens indefinite, inserted on a hairy receptacle, filaments ee inflexed in bud then erect; anthers adnate, cells parallel. Pistillode 0. EM. FL. Sepals usually more ovate than in male, rarely accrescent in fruit. Petals smaller or 0. Disk annular or of glands. Ovary 3-(2-4-)celled ; styles usually long and slender, 2-4-cleft; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule subequally 6-valved or of 3 deciduous 2-valved cocci. Seeds smooth, caruncle Small, testa crustaceous, albumen copious; cotyledons broad.—Species Uncertain (500 described), in all hot countries. ha The Indian species are all referable to Mueller’s section Eucroton, described as ‘ing the sepals equal (though often unequal in both sexes), the receptacle o " fen fl. villous, and the petals distinct in the male fi. but minute or wanting in the e. A. Ovary lepidote or stellately tomentose. * Inflorescence lepidote. (See also C. levifolius and Griffith.) T Leaves densely lepidote beneath, or on both surfaces. l. C. argy ratus, Blume Bijd. 602; leaves elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate j minate silvery or rufous-lepidote beneath penninerved, racemes ong P ìdote, stamens 10-12, ovary lepidote, styles slender 2-partite, p» E» se rusty-pubescent. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ui. 526; "n l. Ind. Bat. i. ii, 380; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 372; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 4 C. bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 680. x Collect ARTABAN . PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. Marac Ca, Grifith, Mangan Bee Curtis,— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. mig, Evergreen tree; branchlets lepidote. Leaves 4-7 in., thinly coriaceous, pase ^ nutel y Cordate; petiole 1-11 in. Racemes 4-6 in.; male fl. shortly pedicelled ; uy, "TBer, stouter pedicelled. Sepals of fem. linear-oblong, lepidote, glabrous n- Petals and stamens villous. Capsule } in. diam., hardly rene Seed ` ce 386 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Croton. broadly obtusely 3-gonous, with a broad convex nearly smooth polished back.—I have seen no Tenasserim specimens, 2. C. reticulatus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7724 B in part; branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence silvery lepidote, leaves ovate or elliptic- lanceolate acuminate quite entire shortly 3-nerved at the base, racemes few- fld., sepals of fem. linear-oblong accrescent, stamens 15-18, ovary stell ately lepidote, style-arms divided, capsule 4 in. long broadly oblong. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 580. C. hypoleucus, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. iil. (1851) 123; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 231; Thwaites Enum. 276. C. zey- lanicus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 107, and in DO. /. c. 581. Deccan PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards, Heyne, &c. CEYLON; Central Province, Thwaites. . A shrub; branches slender, terete. Leaves opposite and alternate, 4-10 in., smooth and glabrous above, base acute or rounded ; petiole }-1} in., rusty lepidote. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Sepals of male oblong, margins woolly, twice as large as the woolly oblong petals. Stamens glabrous except at the villous base. Sepals of fem. sometimes } in. long in fruit. Ovary globose; scales stellate, red- brown ; styles very variable, usually 2-partite with long slender unequally 2-fid arms, in Wallich’s specimen very large and flabellately multipartite from a cuneate base. Capsule stellately lepidote.—l find no character whereby to separate Mueller’s C. zeylanicus; the fem. sepals enlarge in all the forms, and though largest in the Ceylon specimen are not otherwise different; the styles are too variable to found a character upon, and I find no difference in the capsule. 3. C. malabaricus, Beddome Icones, t. 171, and Forester’s Man. 204; branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence silvery lepidote, leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate acuminate quite entire sub-3-plinerved sparsel stellately lepidote above, racemes few-fld., sepals of fem. ovate-oblong Vil- lous at the base within, stamens 10-12 villous below with long silky hairs, ovary stellately lepidote, style-arms long slender, tips 2-lobed, capsule obovoid lepidote. MALABAR; common in western forests, ascending to 4000 ft., Beddome. A tree, 20-30 ft. Leaves 2-6 in. long ; petiole 1-2 in. Racemes solitary or clus- tered, 1-2 in. Petals of male woolly, much smaller than the sepals; of fem. h Capsule about 1 in. long.—Closely allied to C. reticulatus, but the leaves are mu broader, female calyx less deeply divided and lobes much shorter; male calyx wit long silky hairs at the base, as also have the filaments and petals. 4. C. scabiosus, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 283; branchlets leaves on both surfaces and inflorescence clothed with subsilvery lepidote scales, leaves ovate- or orbicular-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate 3-5-ph- nerved at the base, raceme short stout, stamens 10-12 quite glabrous, ovary densely lepidote, styles 2-partite arms very long and slender, capsule sub- globose 3-lobed. TRAVANCORE; on the Nullay Mallay Hills, Kurnoul, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome A small tree; branches brown when dry; branchlets stout, much shrunk when dry, greenish or silvery lepidote as are the leaves. Leaves 2-44 by 14-3 her coriaceous, alike on both surfaces, nerves 1 or 2 pair above the basal ; petiole rat t shorter than the blade, stout. Racemes 1-4 in.; rachis and pedicels very stov Sepals of male short; petals narrowly spathulate, deeply fringed. Ovary globose- Capsule } in. lóng, rather longer than broad. tt Leaves glabrous when old. 5. C. oblongifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 685; shoots and youns Croton.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEXZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 387 leaves and inflorescence lepidote, leaves oblong elliptic-oblong or -ovate or -lanceolate acute more or less repand-toothed or serrate penninerved old quite glabrous, base acute or obtuse, racemes elongate, sepals lepidote, stamens 10-12 woolly below, styles 2-partite slender, capsules globose i in. diam. lepidote. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 573; Brand. For. Fl. 440; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 373; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 931; Beddome Forester's Man. 204; Thwaites Enum. 976. E. elexocarpifolius & levigatus, Wall. Cat. 7734, 7735. C. Boragatch, Roxb. mss. ©. Dudia, Herb. Ham. C. Jouffra, Miquel Plant. Hohenack., No. 832.— Wall. Cat. 7739 (in part). BENGAL, SILHET, BEHAR, CENTRAL Inpra, the Deccan PENINSULA, MAR- TABAN and BURMA. CEYLON; in hot dry places. . A small deciduous tree; branches rather stout. Leaves 6-12 in., rather coria- ceous, sometimes 4 in. broad, very pale green when dry; nerves 12-16 pairs, slender ; petiole very variable, 1-24 in., rather slender. Racemes often fascicled, erect; pedicels long or short, Sepals of male broadly oblong; petals as long as the sepals, woolly; disk-glands 5, rounded; stamens 12, glabrous. Sepals of fem. oblong ; petals small, linear, ciliate; disk depressed. Ovary oblong, 3-gonous, lepidote. apsule X in. diam., globosely 3-lobed, scaberulously lepidote, top depressed.—C. allichianus, which resembles this, differs in not being lepidote. 6. €. Joufra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 685; inflorescence lepidote, leaves elliptic- or linear- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate quite entire or remotely Tepand-serrate penninerved old quite glabrous, base very acute, racemes elongate, sepals stellately lepidote, stamens 12 filaments villous, styles 2- partite slender, capsules 1-12 in. ovoid lepidote. Muell. Arg. in DC. rodr. xv, 1.919; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 973. C. persimilis, Muell. l. c. 619 (Wallich’s, plant only). C. oblongifolius Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7718 D. SILHET, Roxburgh ; at Terrya Ghat, J. D. H. & T. T., Clarke. SEEBSAGUR, Grine Preu and MARTABAN, Kurz. Upper Burma, near the Silver Mines A shrub very similar to C. oblongifolius, but the leaves are shorter petioled, narrower, more acuminate and less serrate or toothed, and the capsule is very flerent.—I have seen only Silhet and Clarke's and Griffith's Burmese specimens ; * Capsules in the latter are terete, very obscurely 3-lobed, and the seeds oblong, % described by Kurz.—Mueller's C. persimilis, a. genuina, is a mixture of this with : oblongifolius from Khasia, Assam, and Ceylon. His B. glabrata, from Rawak, is Probably Something very different. KA robustus, Kurz For. Fl.ii. 972; leaves coriaceous elliptic or n liptic-oblong obtuse or subacute sparsely lepidote beneath penninerved, C m. spikes robust and subsessile flowers lepidote, styles slender 2-fid. toton, Wall. Cat, 7737. ? C. oblongifolius, Wall. Cat. 7736. Prev to TENAssERIM, Kurz. Moolmayin, Wallich. A small tree ; branchlets very robust, rüsty-scaly. Leaves 13-8 in., dull greenish grey or brown when dry, pale but not shining beneath; nerves very slender ; petiole n., robust, Male fl. much larger than in C. argyratus ; petals very | , tops: ciliate. Sepals of fem. fl. broadly ovate, obtuse; disk obscure. vary Pery-lepidote. Ca sule id-globose, 3-coccous, 6-grooved, size of a large pea, ? chien scaly and tubereled Tl specimens are very indifferent, and the description ie ` i f ‘ly from Kurz. Itake Wallich's 7736, from Tavoy, to be a male specimen o wis with Very slender spikes and pedicelled flowers; it differs from C. oblongifolius * entire obtuse leaves, ms Inflorescence stellately tomentose or glabrous (not lepidote except ely in C. levifolius and Griffithii). 388 OXXXY. EUPHORDIACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Croton. + Leaves 3-5-plinerved at the base, more or less stellately pubescent or tomentose on both surfaces. 8. C. aromaticus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1005; branches and leaves scaberu- lous or tomentose with stellate hairs, leaves long-petioled ovate- or orbicular- cordate acute or acuminate denticulate 3-plinerved, racemes elongate softly tomentose, stamens about 20, ovary stellately hispid, styles short 2—5-par- tite, capsule 4 in. subglobose stellately scabrid. Vahl Symb. ii. 98; Geisel Monogr. Croton. 91; Wall. Cat. 7773 B, C; Beddome Forester's Man. 204. C. aromaticus & lacciferus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1, 588. C. lacciferus, Linn. l. c.; Wight Ic. t. 1915; Gaertn. Fruct. ii. t. 107. C. tilissfolius, B. aromatica, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 206. Aleurites laccifera, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 590.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 201, t. 91. The Deccan PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, CEYLON, common. . An aromatic shrub or small tree, usually grey when dry. Leaves 2-4 by 1-3 in., usually scabrid above and softer pubescent beneath ; nerves 2-6 pair above the basal ; glands subsessile; petiole 4—1 in., stout, pubescent. Racemes 4-6 in. Male fl. with woolly petals as long as the sepals; stamens short; receptacle densely villous ; disk- glands small. Fem. fl. remote, stoutly pedicelled, thickly tomentose ; sepals short, broad ; disk hairy; petals minute, filiform, ciliate. Capsule obscurely lobed. Seeds broadly oblong, dorsally rugose, opaque.—Near C. caudatus, but the leaves are less toothed, the racemes more woolly, the styles much shorter, usually many-lobed and hardly exsetted, and the capsule much smaller, I find no difference between C. lacet- ferus and aromaticus, nor does Beddome, who would include under this C. caudatus, Moonii and nigro-viridis. Thwaites distinguishes aromaticus from laceciferus by the longer weaker branches, less hairy leaves often more openly cordate, and the larger longer capsules with scattered stellate hairs.—C. Moonii appears to differ in the penninerved leaves. 9. C. caudatus, Geisel Croton. Monogr. 73; branches and racemes scurfily stellately hairy, leaves from ovate- to orbicular-cordate acute oF acuminate irregularly toothed scaberulous above scabrid or softly pubescent with stellate hairs beneath 3-5-plinerved, racemes very long slender, stamens 18-30 filaments silkily hairy below, ovary stellately woolly, styles 2-partite arms very long slender hairy below, capsule large globose or broadly oblong terete woody. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. M. 599; (exel. y.) ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 375; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 359. C. denticu- latus, Blume Bijd. i. 603. O. drupaceus, Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 683; Wall. Cat. 7720 A, C, 7721. Tiglium hispidum, .KZotzsch.— Wall. Cat. 7126, P 7769, 7826 E. EasrERN HIMALAYA; Sikkim, J. D. H., and Bhotan, Griffith. ASSAM, BENGAL and Sinner to the Deccan and Maracca. CEYLON; north part of the island.— DisTRIB. Java, Philippines. id A more or less scandent shrub, branches stout or slender, scurfily scabrid. Leaves very variable, smaller 1-3 in. ovate-cordate, larger 4-7 in. orbieular-cordate ; margin denticulate or rather coarsely toothed, often with a gland at the sinus, OF the teeth glandular, upper surface smooth or scaberulous, lower scabrid or tomen nerves 2-3 pair above the basal, pubescent above; glands minute (long-pedice i in some Ceylon specimens); petiole 1-2 in., scabrid, Racemes solitary, terminà, 4-10 in.; bracts subulate or 0; pedicels long or short. Male fi. tomentos. ý petals as long as the sepals, woolly; disk-glands minute; receptacle villous v. . white hairs; stamens often far exserted. Fem. fl. ; sepals ovate, subacute, 803 long petals very minute, subulate, long-ciliate; disk low, hirsute. Capsules 3-1 m. lved or broad, terete or with 6 slender ridges, densely rusty scabridly pubescent, ev L from the top downwards. Seed very variable, dorsally compressed, slightly gc ing The variable fruit is a remarkable character of this plant. I recognize the follow Croton.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 389 forms, to which may be added Kurz's genuina, with capsules the size of a bullet or larger and glabrous seeds ; and var. minor with capsules the size of a large pea or small cherry and unripe seeds sprinkled with stellate hairs, Wallich’s No. 7762 from Singapore is referred to C. caudatus by Mueller, but if the unattached capsule belongs to it, its thin crustaceous texture is very different, the leaves too are much larger and more coriaceous; it is in a very bad state.—Roxburgh in describing the fruit alludes to two varieties, of which the larger has 3-nerved cotyledons. . Var. 1. hispida; leaves large rounded cordate, capsule globose 2 in. diam. stellately hispid, seeds lin. Var. 2. rwminata ; leaves large rounded cordate, capsule globose or broadly oblong 3-1 in. long or broad, seeds broadly obiong, finely rusty scaberulous, endocarp woody recurved, seeds } in. long longitudinally obscurely furrowed covered with scattered stellate hairs.—Sikkim and Khasia Mts. 1: 1 Var. 3. globosa; leaves as in 2, fruit globose endocarp quite smooth, seeds 1 in. ong. . Var. 4. tomentosa; leaves ovate softly tomentose beneath acutely toothed with often a cup-shaped gland at every tooth on the under surface.—Silhet (Wall. Cat. 7838), Assam, Griffith. . Var. 5. malaccana ; leaves smaller usually ovate-cordate base rounded acuminate sharply toothed, capsule 2-1 in. globose or broadly oblong with 6 low ribs finely rusty- pubescent, endocarp woody smooth, seeds very broad à in. long, retuse at both ends, and with a dorsal shallow furrow.—Mergui and Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4775) ; Maingay (1376). 10. C. tomentosus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 107, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 588 ; all parts thickly clothed with stellate tomentum, leaves coriaceous ovate or oblong acute entire or denticulate 3-plinerved, racemes short few-fld., bracts lon glandular, stamens about 25 glabrous, styles 2-partite arms slender 2- d, ovary densely stellately hispid. C. chinensis, Benth. FI. Hongk. 309. C. chrozophoroides, Kurz mss. C. crassifolius, Geisel Croton. Monogr. 19. Tridesmis tomentosa, Lour. Fl. Coch. ii. 707. Prau, Kurz.—Disrrrp. South China. k _ Stems or branches 6-10 in. high, apparently erect from a prostrate woody rootstock, stiff, terete. Leaves few, 2-3 in. rigid; nerves 4-5 pair above the basal, strong beneath ; petiole 3-1 in., very stout. Racemes 2-4 in.; glands of bracts long- stipitate. Sepals ovate, nearly glabrous within. Petals of male as long, oblong, Margins woolly. Young capsule } in., terete ? densely stellately hispid. ll. c. ccelococcus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 377 ; shrubby, all parts scaberu- lous with stellate hairs, leaves broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate acute entire or denticulate 3-plinerved at the rounded base, racemes slender, hair j minute, sepals hispid, ovary stellately hispid, styles 2-partite slender hairy, capsule small deeply 3-lobed tuberculate and stellately hispid. Prev, M‘Clelland: at Ran oon, Kurz. . rigid shrub, branches terete. Leaves 2-3 in., basal nerves extending beyond he middle ; glands Stipitate; petiole 1—3 in. Racemes 1-2 in. ; male i bet NA Bepals not acerescent. Capsules }—} in. diam., broader than long, 3-lobed a Tib and sides, lobes spreading. Seeds broadly ovoid, arillate, smooth, brown.—the Specimens are indifferent. 12. C. birm ll. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 112, and in DC. Prodr, Xv. ii. BOL, brans Muel a ith stellate hairs, leaves coriaceous orbicularly ovate-cordate acuminate finely gland-toothed minutely stellately Pubescent on both surfaces strongly 3-5-plinerved at the base, racemes solitary stout terminal, fem. sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate, stamens 390 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) (Croton. about 15 glabrous, ovary densely stellate-tomentose, styles 2-partite slender. C. drupaceus ?, Wall. Cat. 7744, and C. aromaticus, 7773 A. BurMA; on the Irawaddy at Taong-dong, Wallich. Peev, M‘Clelland. Branches woody, bark pale. Leaves 3-5 in., yellow-brown when dry, base very broadly cordate; nerves 5-6 pair above the basal, strong beneath ; glands cup- shaped, sessile; petiole 1-1} in., stout. Capsules “large, depressed-globose, inflated, rigidly chartaceous. Seeds smooth," Mueller.—There are no capsules in Wallich's Herbarium; and I have seen none. tt Leaves penninerved, not or obscurely 3-nerved at the base; mature usually quite glabrous above (or scaberulous in C. Moonii). § Inflorescence tomentose or stellately pubescent. 13. C. Wallichii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 118, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 623; shoots and young leaves softly stellate-pubescent, leaves obovate oblanceolate or elliptic acuminate subserrate glabrous or softly puberulous beneath base narrowed acute or narrowly cordate nerves 6-12 pair, racemes fascicled finely tomentose, stamens 10-12 hairy below, ovary stellately pubescent, styles slender 2-partite, capsule small 3-lobed puberu- lous. Kurz For, Fl. ii. 373.—Croton sp., Wall. Cat. 7729, 7730, 7738, 7739 (in part). Burma, Wallich. Prov, to TENASSERIM, Griffith, Kurz. A small deciduous tree. Leaves 3-10 by 13-3 in., yellow when dry, quite glabrous above, base often produced, glands depressed ; petiole 1-1} in., scaberulous. Ra- cemes 4-8 in., slender. Sepals tomentose. Disk of fem. fl. obscure. Styles shorter than in many species. Capsule the size of a pea. Seeds 4. in. long.—I have seen no fruit, and described it from Kurz and Mueller. The latter describes the habit and inflorescence as of C. caudatus, but this must be a lapsus, possibly for oblongi- folius. The fem. fl. have petals which it greatly resembles, but differs in the inflo- rescence not being lepidote. 14. C. sublyratus, Kurz For. Fl. i. 374; shoots rusty-scurfy, leaves very shortly petioled obovate to almost lyrate oblong obtuse or acuminate repand-serrulate beneath glabrous or with scabrous nerves, racemes stellate-tomentose, stamens 15-20 glabrous, ovary densely stellate- tomentose, styles short 2-partite, capsules small 3-lobed . crustaceous sparsely pubescent. Maritime forests of the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. ? MOULMEIN, Falconer. | _ , A deciduous shrub.—The only authentically named specimen I have seen of this 1s in a very young state; the branches are stout; the leaves 6-8 in. long, dark brown, acuminate, subentire, glabrous on both surfaces, cordate at the narrowed base; the petiole stout, 1—1 in. long, and the inflorescence too young for examination. Others also collected by Kurz in the Andamans, but unnamed, have membranous serrulate pale-brown leaves, and scaberulous old fruiting racemes; the foliar glands are either sessile or shortly stipitate, capsules 4 in. diam., and seeds subglobose smooth and mottled. A very similar plant from Moulmein in bad state, collected by Falconer, has decandrous male flowers with filaments villous below, and a shortly villous recep- tacle. The narrowing of the leaves above the base is characteristic of this species. . l5. C. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 276; branches and leaves beneath stellately scabrid, leaves oblong or linear-oblong acuminate subserrulate smooth or scaberulous above penninerved base rounded or unequally cor- date, racemes tomentose, stamens 10-16, ovary stellately hispid, styles 2-5- partite, capsule }-; in. diam. depressed.globose scurfy and tubercled. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 590. C. punctatus, Moon Cat. Croton. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 391 CEYLON ; at Caltura, Moon, Thwaites. A small tree; branchlets woody. Leaves 3-6 in., rather coriaceous, very dark above when dry, greyish beneath; nerves 7-12 pairs, slender, spreading; glands minute; petiole 4—2 in., scabrid. Sepals obtuse, stellate-tomentose. Disk of male obscure, of fem. small annular.—The specimens are in a young state, and I have seen no fruit. Beddome regards it as a var. of C. aromaticus, from which Thwaites’ spe- cimens differ in the longer narrower penninerved leaves. The styles are as in aromaticus. 16. C. erythrostachys, Hook. f; branches young leaves petioles and racemes rusty stellately scabrid, leaves ovate oblong or linear-oblong acuminate subserrulate penninerved smooth and shining above scabrid beneath, racemes short stout, stamens about 12 glabrous, ovary depressed stellate hispid, styles very slender 2-partite, capsule 3-1 in. diam. globose Scabrid. MALACCA, Cuming (No. 2393), Griffith (Kew. Distrib. 4777), Lobb. Leaves coriaceous, 3-8 by 1-21 in., base subacute rounded or subcordate ; nerves 8-12 pair, slender, spreading; glands sessile; petiole 3-14 in., stout, rusty. Racemes 1-21 in.; flowers rather large; males tomentose, fem. more hispid ; sepals glabrous within. Petals of male oblong, of fem. subulate. Capsule crustaceous. 17. c. rhodostachyus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 108, and in DC. Prodr. xy. ii, 590; shoots and young leaves beneath stellately puberulous, leaves long-petioled elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse or subacute crenulate penninerved base acute, young racemes fascicled rusty-tomentose, stamens 10-12. C. denticulatus, Wall. Cat. 7731.— Wall. Cat. 7739 in part. Burma ; at Taong-dong and Sejavi, Wallich. . . n width Branches woody, stout, bark grey. Leaves coriaceous, 4-7 in., variable in width, doll greenish when dry, base contracted and sometimes very narrowly cordate; Derves 8-10 pair, very slender; glands minute; petiole 1-2} in., terete, puberulous. acemes too young for description.— A very imperfectly known plant. §§ Inflorescence glabrous or nearly so. 18. C. leevifolius, Blume Bijd. 603; glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or oblong acuminate subserrate penninerved base usually acute, racemes rather short, flowers small males filled with silvery wool, stamens about 10, disk of fem. of 5 large glands, ovary globose stellately ‘spd and, with lepidote scales, styles 2-partite, capsule } in. diam. depresse globose smooth and shining. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 619. C. Üadenus, Miguel F7. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 451.— Wall. Cat. 7719. Knasra Mrs., alt. 34000 ft., Wallich, &c.—DisTR1B. Mts. of Java, Sumatra. A small tree, very young shoots and leaves sparsely stellately lepidote. Leaves ~4 in,, membranous, green when dry, nerves 8-12 pair; glands small, at length Stipitate ; petiole 3-13 in., very slender. Racemes 2-4 in., sometimes with a few Scattered stellate scales ; bracta lanceolate; flowers often 2-3 together seated on small pulvini of the rachis, males appearing as if stuffed with the stellately woolly recurved. receptacle. Sepals of male bearded at the tip; of fem. ovate, acute, tarred, quite glabrous. Filaments glabrous. Styles rather short. Capsule crus- sew? With no stellate hairs or scales.—I have seen no Javanese or Sumatran Pecimens, and take the identifications from Mueller. The similarity of this to C. lo zchianus has led to these species being indiscriminately numbered in the distri- ution of Wallich’s plants. C. argutus, cited under levifolius by Mueller, is C. lotzschianus. The Philippine Island C. leiophyllus, Muell. (Tiglium Cumi ngii, otzach), is very near C. /evifolius, but the ovary islepidote and the fruit is wanting. 392 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Croton. 19. C. Griffithii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse or acuminate entire or obscurely subsinuate-serrate penninerved shining above, racemes elongate glabrous or sparsely lepidote, flowers small solitary, males filled with silvery wool, stamens 8-15, disk of fem. of 5 large glands, ovary depressed 3-lobed stellately tomentose and white with lepidote scales, styles 2-partite, capsule } in. diam. depressed 3-lobed sparsely lepidote smooth.— Wall. Cat. 7754, 7967. Maracoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4778, 4781), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1406). SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. Branchlets with pale bark. Leaves 4-8 iu., rather coriaceous, very smooth, yellow brown when dry, base rounded or acute; nerves 8-12 pair, spreading, very slender; glands minute, sessile; petiole 1-21 in., terete. Racemes 4-8 in., rachis thickening in age; sepals of fem, ovate, subacute, tips bearded. Capsule not shining, with globose lobes. Seeds subglobose.—Griffith’s and some of the Perak specimens have obtuse leaves with rounded bases; in Maingay’s they are more acute, and the racemes more slender; in the Singapore ones the racemes are much shorter and sparsely lepidote ; hence there may be more than one species under the above descrip- tion. A solitary specimen of Griffith’s from Malacca (Kew Distrib. 4779) has the very slender racemes of C. levifolius and lepidote ovaries.—It is possible that this is the true levifolius of Blume; and if so, the Khasian plant so called should bear the name of khasianus. 20. C. Gibsonianus, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 251; quite glabrous, leaves membranous elliptic oblong or linear-oblong caudate- acuminate penninerved and 3-nerved at the obtuse or rounded base, racemes very long and slender, sepals membranous, disk of male of 5 large glands, stamens 10, ovary stellate-tomentose, styles very long 2-partite, capsule } in. diam. 3-lobed stellately hairy. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 692; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 232. T [CANATA, Gibson, Law; common in moist forests on the Ghats to the south, albot. A shrub; branches slender, smooth, young shoots and leaves sparing stellate pubescent. Leaves 3-8 by 1-4 in., green or yellowish when dry ; nerves 8-10 pairs, very slender; glands minute, stipitate; petiole 4—4 in., terete. Racemes 6-10 vail, flowers distant, solitary or fascicled, bracts small. Receptacle of male very Smal» woolly. Disk of fem. saucer-shaped. Styles very long, recurved. Capsule crus- taceous. Seeds broadly oblong, smooth, shining. 21. C. Klotzschianus, Wight Ic. t. 1914; glabrous except the stel- lately lepidote youngest shoots, leaves small membranous elliptic-oblong acute entire or serrulate penninerved and 3-nerved at the base, racemes short very slender, sepals membranous, disk of male and fem. of 5 large glands, petals of fem. subulate, stamens about 10-12, ovary stellate-tomen- tose, styles long 2-partite, capsule depressed 3-lobed. Thwaites Enum. 270 5 Beddome Foresters Man. 204. C. Thwaitesianus, Muell. Arg. m Linne t xxxiv. 116, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 621. C. caudatus, y. Muell. Le C. argutus, Zeyne, & umbellatus, Heyne in Wall. Oat. 7768. Tig punctulatum, Klotzsch in Hayne Arzneik-Gewachs. ined.— Wall.. Cat. 7 (one specimen). ht DECCAN PENINSULA; Nilghiri Hills, Foulkes; Travancore, Heyne, Wight. CEYLON, not uncommon. d mem- A small tree or bush; branches slender, pale. Leaves 1-2 in., small ane ader ; branous for the genus, pellucid-punctate, base acute; nerves 6-8 pair, Very " s glands minute, sessile; petiole 1—3 in., very slender. Racemes 1-3 in. H isk- subulate ; male fl. long-pedicelled ; sepals and petals translucidly gland- doktor bed in glands very large; receptacle very small; stamens hairy below. Dis k 5-lo Croton.) CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 393 both sexes.. Sepals of fem. ovate, acute; petals subulate, hairy ; styles very long, divided 3 way down. Capsule “at length glabrous,” Thwaites.—This is un- doubtedly, as Beddome has pointed out, Wight’s Klotzschianus, and is well figured by him. Wight compares it with C. Tiglium, from which it differs widely in the elliptic leaves and nerves. I have seen no ripe fruit, 22. C. ardisioides, Hook. f.; robust, quite glabrous, leaves oblong or linear- or obovate-oblong obtuse crenate penninerved base acute, racemes very slender, flowers small scattered, disk of male obscure of fem. 9-lobed, stamens about 12, ovary depressed stellate-tomentose, styles 2-partite, capsule very small globose smooth. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4783).—Dr1sTRIB. Borneo. Branches stout. Leaves 2-4 in., rather coriaceous, tawny yellow when dry; nerves 6-10 pairs, very slender; glands petiolar, small; petiole 1-11 in., stout, terete. Racemes 3-5 in., flexuous; bracts minute; flowers scattered. Sepals glabrous, of male with bearded tips; of fem. ovate, obtuse. Capsule (one only seen) 4 in. diam., terete. ttt Leaves strongly triple-nerved, glabrous or nearly so. 23. ©. Tiglium, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1004; youngest shoots sparsely stellately hairy, leaves long-petioled membranous glabrous ovate acuminate serrate 3—5-plinerved, rachis of racemes and small flowers glabrous, fem. stellately hairy, stamens 15-20, ovary stellately hispid, styles slender 2-partite, capsule large oblong 3-lobed, pericarp thin glabrous or slightly hispid. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 600; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 682; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 374; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.181; Wall. Cat. 7722; Blume Bid. li. 602; Klotzsch in Hayne Arzneigew. xiv. t. 3; Marchand in Baill. Rec. Obs. Bot. i. 232-245, t. 9, 10; Bentl. & Trimen Med. Pl. iii. t. 239. C. Jamal- gota, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xiv. 258. C. Parana (Parona in Wall. Cat. l. c), Ham. l. c. 959; Muell. Arg. l. c. 623 (Paranae). Tiglium officinale, Klotzsch in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 418.—Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 90.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 33. BENGAL, Assam, and southward to Maracca, BURMA, and CEYLON, naturalized or cultivated.—Disrris. China, Malay Islands. 2n A small evergreen tree. Leaves 2-4 in., yellowish when dry, rarely elliptic or oblong, sometimes glandular beneath; nerves 2-3 pair above the basal; glands minute, sessile; petiole 1-2 in., slender. Racemes 2-3 in. ; bracts subulate. Ma +3 pedicels stellately hairy; sepals nearly glabrous, tips bearded ; petals narrow, Woolly -edged ; stamens glabrous, receptacle villous ; disk-glands 5, small. Fem. fl. ; sepals villous at the base within ; petals 0; disk obscure, annular ; ovary oblong. Capsule 3-1 in. long, white, turbinately obovoid, obtusely trigouous. Seed 4-3 in., oblong, obtusely trigonous, pale.—I find no characters whereby to distingui sh amilton's C. Parana from Tiglium; Mueller is mistaken in supposing that allich’s 7722 B is not Hamilton’s plant; the specimen is Hamilton’s own from oyalpara in Kamrup (Assam), and is so named by himself. 24. C. nigre-viridis, Thwaites Enum. 276; shoots racemes and young leaves beneath sparsely stellately pubescent, leaves coriaceous broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrulate base strongly 3-nerved, Tacemes short stout, ovary stellately hispid, styles long 2-partite, fruit small subglobose 3-lobed woody scabrid and sparsely stellate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 601; Wawra Bot. It. Pr. Sax. Cob. 37. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 5000 ft., Thwaites. A small tree; branches very stout, smooth. Leaves 3-5 in., leathery, greenish when dry, quite smooth on both surfaces, base rounded ; nerves 1-3 pair above the 394 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Croton. basal; glands rather large, subsessile ; petiole 1-2 in., stout, terete. Racemes 2-3 in. ; pedicels very short, stout ; bracts minute. Sepals of fem. stellate externally, glabrous within except the villous base; disk annular, 5-lobed ; petals minute, subulate, with long hairs; styles rather stout. Capsule 4 in. long, rather longer than broad, top depressed. Seeds unripe.—1 have seen no male flowers, nor the lanceolate leaves described by Thwaites. Beddome is disposed to regard this as a form of C. aromaticus, but it appears to me entirely different, with the leaves of C. Tiglium, but very thick. 25. C. flocculosus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 375; shoots and leaves beneath with soft woolly tomentum, leaves broadly ovate-cordate acute crenate strongly 3-5-plimerved, capsules in terminal racemes subglobose softly tomentose, seeds elliptic-oblong.— Wall. Cat. 7743. Prev and BURMA; in the swamp forests of the Irrawaddi, Kurz; hills opposite Paghamew, Wallich. A tree; branches stout, woody; bark pale. Leaves 2-8 in. long and broad, pale when dry, smooth above, at length glabrous beneath; nerves 3—4 pair above ei basal, glands minute; petiole 1-1 in., rather slender. Capsule obscurely lobed. Seeds 4 in., smooth, subterete or plano-convex.—A very distinct species, but in an incomplete state. B. Ovary glabrous, styles united in a short column. Sepals greatly enlarged and foliaceous in fruit. 26. C. Lawianus, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 251; young leaves finely softly stellately hairy, leaves shortly petioled broadly ovate caudate-acuminate quite entire strongly 3-nerved, racemes short few-fld., male fl. large membranous, stamens about 20, sepals of fem. large oblong glabrous, ovary oblong glabrous 3-lobed, styles 3 united below very stout recurved, capsule large rugose glabrous. Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. FT. 232. Tri- gonostemon Lawianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 212, and in D c. rodr. xv. ii. 1105 (in part). CANARA ; on the Bababoodan Hills, Gibson, Law, Dalzell. Branches slender, terete, smooth. Leaves 3-5 in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded, greenish when dry; nerves 2-3 pair above the basal; glands minute; petiole a terete. Racemes very slender; bracts 0. Male fl. 3-5, } in. diam. ; pedicels capillary ; sepals ovate, obtuse, gland-dotted, sparsely stellately hairy; petals larger, oblong, fimbriate; stamens short; disk of 5 large glands. Fem. jl. few, 3 ed, long; pedicel as long, very stout, erect; disk annular; styles recurved 2-lo B lobes 2-fid. Capsule 2 in. diam., shorter than the leafy green sepals, thickly “The taceous, Seeds 3-1 in. long, oblong, striately mottled brown and white to female calyx resembles that of a Trigonostemon, whence Mueller’s reference of this his T. Lawianus (Dimorphocalyz glabelius, Thw.). 27. C. chlorocalyx, Wail. Cat. 8001; quite glabrous, leaves linear- lanceolate caudate-acuminate subserrulate penninerved, racemes cy. s very slender, male fl. membranous, stamens 12-15 fem. subsolitary, Sor oblong foliaceous, ovary oblong glabrous 3-lobed, styles 3 united below very stout recurved 2-lobed. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 590. SILHET, Wallich. hen dry Branches stout, woody, bark pale. Leaves 5-9 in., ochreous yellow w lender; pale beneath, base narrowed into the petiole; nerves 10-15 pair, very "n in. glands minute; petiole }-} in. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Male Ji. Soap: diam.; sepals and petals obtuse, undulate, tipped with hairs ; disk-glands 0;r con tacle small, villous. Fem. fl. shortly pedicelled; sepals oblong, } in. long, g re- tip rounded ; petals subulate; disk 0; ovary shortly stipitate; styles very stout, curved, once or twice 2-fid.— Habit of C. oblongifolius. Croton. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 395 DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. C. CARDIOSPERMUS, Gertn. Fruct. ii. 120, t. 107; Geisel Croton. Monog. 77; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 695.—Ceylon.—Mueller remarks that the absence of a caruncle excludes this from Croton. It is impossible to say what it is; possibly & Phyllanthus. C. RAMIFLORUS, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 182 ; Muell. Arg. 1. c. 693; “a small tree, leaves alternate petioled oblong-ovate subglaucous beneath, flowers small white growing on the naked branches, capsules size of a large pea half wid in the scarious 9-winged calyx, sparsely hairy."— The Concan; near Gibson.—I have not recognized this plant. C. RurEDEI, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 182; Muell. Arg. l. c. 693; “an erect suffruticose plant 2-3 feet high, flowers in terminal spikes." Croton Gibsonii, Grah.l, c, —Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 83.—It is impossible to say what C. Rheedei is ; Mueller unites with it Graham's C. Gibsonii, which Graham says much resembles Rheede's t. x. f. 83, and should probably be referred to it. It is also a suffruticose species, and has petioled cordate serrate leaves, — C. Rheedei is a. native of Tull Ghat, Salsette and Jowaur, C. Gibsonii of the northern peaks of the Deccan, D. Gibson. cal botanists must rediscover both. C. TABACIFOLIUS, Geisel Croton. Monog. 26; Muell. Arg. l.c. 696, is un- determinable by the description. Mueller observes that from its simple hairs it cannot bea Croton, and that it may be Claozylon indicus. 35. GIVOTIA, Griff. A small stellately tomentose tree. Leaves alternate, rounded, and cor- ate, sinuate-toothed, base 5-9-nerved. Flowers in axillary and subtermi- nal racemed or panicled cymes, diwcious. Disk entire or lobed. Mate FL. Sepals 5, broad, unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, longer, cohering in a glo- bose 5-lobed corolla. Disk of orbicular glands. Stamens 13-25, crowded 9n à woolly receptacle, filaments connate below, erect; anthers ovate, dorsi- fixed, cells parallel. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Perianth of the male. Disk cupular. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles short, spreading, 2-fid; ovules 1 in each cell. Drupe subglobose; putamen crustaceous, l-celled, l-seeded. Seed globose or ellipsoid, testa bony, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat. G. rottleriformis, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 388; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 11 t4 Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 389; Wight Ie. t. 1889; Brand. For. Fl. 442; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 365; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. FI. 228; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 285. Govania nivea, Wall. Cat. 7851.— Wall. Cat. 7819 A, C. Deccan PENINSULA; common in the central ranges of the Ghats from Dharwar and Bellary southwards, Wight, &c. CEYLON; in the drier parts of the island. A small tree; branches stout, wood soft. Leaves attaining 10 in. long and broad, coriaceous, hoary above, beneath white with dense appressed wool; nerves 5-7, basal, with several pairs above them ; petiole stout, 4-6 in., woolly, with sometimes a few glands. Panicles 4-8 in. long; cymes dense or lax-fld. ; bracts filiform; pedicels jointed. Male fi. è in. diam., fem. 3 in.; sepals stellately tomentose, shorter than or equalling the oblong glabrous petals; filaments hairy below. Fem. ft. ; ovary globose, stellately hairy. Drupe 3-1 in. diam., hoary. Seed smooth. 36. TRIGONOSTEMON, Blume. Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers in an ary or terminal spikes racemes or cymes, moncecious. MALE FL. Sepals » imbricate. Petals 5. Disk of 5 glands, often united in a lobed cup. 396 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Trigonostemon. Stamens 3 or 5; anthers sessile, or filaments united in a column with free spreading tips; anthers erect or horizontal, cells united by their bases, each cell with an often thick crested connective, extrorse. Pistillode 0. FEM. FL. Perianth of the male, or petals 0. Disk usually entire. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 2-fid or twice 2-fid, rarely entire; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovoid or globose, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 15 or more, Indian and Malayan. The following sections are those proposed in Genera Plantarum, iii. 298. They are not natural, the species with long petioles thickened at the tip differing in habit from the rest, and resembling Ostodes. Sect. Pycnanthera appears generically distinct, but I should hesitate to separate it before having studied the whole genus thoroughly. (Under Trigonostemon in Gen. Plant. l.c. for Cheilosiopsis read Cheilosopsis, and for Antitazis read Anisotawis.)—Wall. Cat. 8018, from Penang, is possibly a Trigo- nostemon, but is in too imperfect a state for determination." Sect. I. Eutriconostemoy. Racemes axillary. Anthers 3, on a column, erect or horizontal, 2-partite ; cells connected at the base only. 1. T. longifolius, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 341, t. 11, f. 12; leaves subsessile 8-18 in. oblanceolate acuminate, panicles or racemes axillary long spiciform hispid and pubescent, capsule hispid, styles shortly 2.obed. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1108; Kurz For. FI. ii. 406. Croton longifolius, Wall. Cat. 7717. ? Athroisma dentatum, Griff. Wotul. iv. 478, and Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 585, f. 4. From TENASSERIM and PENANG to SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c. A small tree or shrub; shoots with golden hairs. Leaves 2—4 in. broad, narrowed into the very short petiole; nerves 15-20 pair, very slender, margin entire or with few distant glandular teeth. Racemes rigid, rachisangled; bractssubulate. Male fl. about } in. diam, ; sepals broad, hispid, one much the largest; petals obovate-oblong, red; anther-cells acute, connective hardly thickened. Capsule 4 in. diam., equalling the stout pedicel, tridymous, densely hispid. Seeds minute.— The Tenasserim speci- mens have the broadest leaves, and those of one of Wallich’s specimens are rounde at the narrow base, with a short distinct petiole. 2. T. heteranthus, Wight Ic. t. 1890; glabrous, leaves very long- petioled 5-10 in. elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate entire or serrate, panicles axillary very slender, pedicels capillary, styles shortly 2-lobed, capsule glabrous. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1109; Kurz For. FI. 1.206. è Athroisma serratum, Grif. Notul. iv. 477, and Ic. Plant. Asiat. . , 1. 9. TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffi/h. Shrubby or arboreous (a tree 28 ft., Griffith); shoots tawny-pubescent. Leaves 2-34 in. broad, membranous, base acute 2-glandular, teeth gland-tipped; nerves 10-15 pair, slender, arched; petiole 1-5 in., very slender, tip swollen. Panicles 9-6 in.; bracts minute; pedicels simple and branched. Male fl. j in. diam. ; sepals rounded, unequal, membranous, ciliate; petals twice as long, rounded ; disk-glands large, ascending; staminal column stout; anthers 3, forming a star of 6 obtuse points, each being horseshoe-shaped with a cell on each arm opening downwards. Sepals of fem. fl. ovate, gland-ciliate; petals as long; disk of the male; ovary glabrous. Capsule 4 in. diam., tridymous, crustaceous, glabrous. Seeds sub- globose, pale. 3. T. malaccanus, Muell. Arg. in Flora (1864) 482, and 1n DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1110; glabrous, leaves long-petioled 3-12 in. lanceolate long- acuminate entire or crenate-serrate, racemes or spikes axillary very ong slender puberulous, ovary silky, styles 2-partite. Trigonostemon.] coxxxv. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 397 Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib, 4782). Branches stout, woody. Leaves 1-2} in. broad, base obtuse or rounded; nerves 15-20 pairs, arched; petiole 1-4 in., thickened at the tip. Male spikes and fem. racemes rigid, angular, glabrous or puberulous; bracts minute. Male fl. minute, ig in long, clustered ; fem. larger, in long, subsolitary, stoutly pedicelled ; sepals of male coriaceous, pubescent, of fem. oblong, erect; petals of male broadly obovate, of fem. minute or 0 ; connective of anthers papillose, cells parallel, united at the base only. Capsule unknown. 4. T. leetus, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 341 (excl. syn.) ; glabrous, leaves long-petioled 4-6 in. oblong to oblong-lanceolate obtusely repand- toothed base obtuse, racemes axillary elongate spiciform, pedicels very sh ort, ovary silky, styles 2-fid to the middle, capsule glabrous. Muell. Arg. an DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 1109 (eal. syn. Croton letus) ; Kurz For. Fl. i. 406.— Wall. Cat. 7740 B. Burma, at Amherst, Wallich; UPPER TENASSERIM, Kurz. A shrub; buds tawny-pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in. broad, nerves 10-12 pairs ; petiole 1-13 in., thickened at the tip. Racemes rather robust, bracts minute. Sepals appressed -pubescent, of the fem. ovate-lanceolate ciliolate ; petals puberulous. Cap- sule 1-3 in. diam., depressed, tridymous. Seeds subglobose, marbled.—I have not Seen a good flowering specimen, and have taken the description partly from Kurz. Baillon erred in citing for this plant Wallich's Croton latus, which is his No. 7738, and a Mallotus. Of Wallich's 7740 there are three sheets in his Herbarium, of Which two, both marked A, consist of Claozylon Wallichii and scraps of what I think Is Trigonostemon indicus; the third, marked B, is T. letus of Baillon; it bears the mss. name of Acalypha atropurpurea, Wall., which was evidently intended for the Claowylon, some leaves of which have retained a red-purple hue. 5. T. semperflorens, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1110; branches hispid, leaves very shortly petioled 5-10 in. oblanceolate from & narrow cordate base pubescent beneath, racemes very short subsessile, pedicels short stout, ovary hispid, styles 2-fid to the middle, capsules sub- sessile hispid. T. Hookerianus, Muell. l. c. 1109. Sylvæa Hookeriana, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. $42. S. semperflorens, Hook. § Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 911. Cluytia semperflorens, Roab. Fl. Ind. ii. 740. Agyneia ciliata, Wall. Cat. 7959.— Wall. Cat. 8004. Assam, SirHET and Ca HAR, Hamilton, &c. A small shrub ; branches rather stout. Leaves 1-3 in. broad, very dark when dry, membranous, panduriformly constricted above the base, obscurely serralate and ciliate ; nerves 15-25 pair; slender, spreading, and midrib tomentose ; petiole +4 in., very stout, tomentose. Racemes inconspicuous, axillary and from the branches. Male f many, purple ; fem. fewer, larger, 3}; in. diam., green ; sepals unequal, oblong, hispi ; petals orbicular; disk and anthers as in T. heteranthus. Capsule j-i in. 1am., 3-lobed, thinly erustaceous.— Roxburgh describes the fem. fl. as apetalous in semper- Orens, and Mueller as obovate in Hookerianus. 9 T. villosus, Hook. f.; branchlets leaves beneath and inflorescence villously rusty-tomentose, leaves thin oblanceolate from a narrow rounded or subcordate base finely acuminate, racemes long-peduncled, anthers 3, vary villously hispid, styles divided to the base. Prax, King’ eaves 4—7 Wy 13-2 fu. Grown when dry, membranous, sometimes a little con- tracted above the base and subpanduriform, pubescent above, at length glabrate, ype Or very obscurely toothed; nerves 9-14 pairs, slender, spreading; petiole in. Peduncles slender, nearly as long as the leaves ; bracts leafy, lanceolate, t=} in. long; pedicels as long or longer. Male fl. in. diam. ; sepals oblong, villous; 398 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Trigonostemon. petals obovate-oblong; disk-glands erect; anthers discrete, cells with crested connec- tives. Fem. fl. iin. diam.; sepals lanceolate, villous; ovary globose; style-arms filiform. Sect. II. TELocYwE. Characters of Eutrigonostemon, but anthers 5. 7. T. indicus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1107 (excl. syn. Croton levigatus) ; quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic lanceolate or oblan- ceolate acuminate glaucous or not beneath, racemes lax-fld., anthers 5, ovary tomentose, styles 2-partite. Telogyne indica, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 398. Enchidium verticillatum, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. vii. 89.— Wall. Cat. 7740 A in part, 7849, 7997. PENANG, Wallich, &c. Prrak, Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. Branches slender, bark pale. Leaves subverticillate at the ends of the branches, 14-2 in. broad, usually pale ochreous beneath, margin rarely with a few minute distant gland-tipped teeth, base usually acute; nerves 15-20 pairs, very slender ; petiole 2—4 in., sometimes as long as the blade, very slender. Racemes 2—3 in., slender, quite glabrous, the uppermost flower female about } in. diam., males much smaller ; sepals nearly orbicular, glabrous; petiole larger. Capsule (immature) hoary.—Baillon, followed by Mueller, erroneously cites as a synonym Wallich’s Croton levigatus, which is a different plant. Sect. III. PycNANTHERAa. Racemes or spikes terminal. Anthers 3 sessile on a short column, cells adnate to the greatly thickened connective. 8. T. diplopetalus, Thwaites Enum. 277; nearly glabrous, leaves 6-9 in. shortly petioled elliptic lanceolate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate remotely denticulate, racemes terminal sessile elongate puberulous, male fl. minute clustered shortly pedicelled, anthers 3, fem. solitary longer edi- celled, ovary pubescent, styles short twice bifid, capsule pubescent. uell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1108; Beddome Foresters Man. 212. CEYLON; in the Reigam Corle, Thwaites. A shrub or small tree, young parts puberulous. Leaves 14-21 in. broad, dar k brown and opaque when dry, toothlets glandular, base very acute; nerves 20-30 pair, slender, nearly horizontal; petiole 4—4 in., channelled above. Male spike with a stout rachis; flowers 54, in. diam. ; bracts very short; fem. fl. on pedicels $ in. long ; sepals oblong; petals larger, 2-fid, lobes rounded sinuously laciniate ; anthers sessile, cells diverging from the top of an almost globose connective. Capsule 3-lobed, globose, smooth, 4 in. diam.—Thwaites describes the capsule as 2 in. diam., possibly a typo- graphical error for 3-3. I have seen but one specimen and no fem. flowers. 9. T. nemoralis, Thwaites Enum. 277 ; nearly glabrous, leaves 3-7 m- very shortly petioled elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse sinuate-toothed, racemes terminal stout shorter or longer than the leaves silkily pubescent, male fl. clustered shortly pedicelled, fem. solitary longer pedicelled, ovary hispid, styles very short and broad, capsule muricate and hairy. Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1108; Beddome Ic. Plant. t. 183, and Forester $ Man. 213. TRAVANCORE ; on the Tinnevelly Hills, alt. 2400 ft., Beddome. Crxzow ; ‘Central Province, alt. 2000 ft., Thwaites. A shrub or small tree; young parts silkily hairy. Leaves 1 at the ends of the branches, green when dry, rather coriaceous ; 1 fs often slender, arched ; base narrowed into the short stout channelled petiole which is 0 a 2-glandular at the top. Racemes with a stout rachis, bracts subulate, lower HUM 1 long and more. Flowers red, males } in. diam., fem. j in.; sepals very uned eti with pubescent backs and slender tips, the three largest nearly orbicular; petals larger» —2 in. broad, crowded nerves 10-12 pairs, Trigonostemon.] cxxxv. EuPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 899 oblong ; anthers sessile, cells subparallel on a globose connective. Capsule 4-2 in. din. deeply 3-lobed at the top, less so at the sides, thickly crustaceous, Seeds globose. 37. TRIGONOPLEURA, Hook. f. A shrub or tree. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, oblong, quite entire, glabrous, penninerved. Flowers dicecious ?, small, in clusters in the leaf axils or on the branches, apetalous. MALE FL. Sepals 5, broadly oblong, coriaceous, broadly imbricate. Petals rather longer, obovate, villous on both surfaces. Disk of 5 large glands, round the base of the staminal column. Stamens about 8, filaments united in a column, tips free; anthers oblong, extrorse, cells adnate to the villous connective. Pistil/ode of 3 subulate processes terminating the column. FEM. FL. unknown. Capsule small, 3-lobed, oary; epicarp separable, wrinkled; cocci bony, separating from a columella with 3 hyaline wings. Seeds solitary in the cells, broadly oblong, dorsally compressed, testa black, polished ; aril large, pale. T. malayana, Hook. f. Perak, Scortechini (Herb. Perak. 738, 2056). Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 1452). Branches woody, stout or slender, branchlets puberulous, tips tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in. by 14-21 in., sometimes linear-oblong, coriaceous or thin, brown when dry, obtusely cuspidate or subcaudate, base acute obtuse or rounded; nerves 8-10 pair, rather strong beneath, cross-nervules faint; midrib sometimes puberulous; petiole ot 1n.; stipules minute, ovate-oblong, pubescent. Flowers in numerous clusters of 3 or more along the branches, hoary ; males about } in. diam. when spread open; Pedicels short, stout, tomentose; bracts 0; sepals obtuse, unequal ; petals small, when dry clothed with rafous hairs, sometimes notched at the tip or side, coriaceous. Staminal column included, rusty villous. Ovules (undeveloped seeds) solitary in the cells, with a broad fleshy ? obturator. Capsule about $in. diam. Seeds attached to a thickened placenta.—This genus differs from Trigonostemon in the anthers being Seated on a central column terminating in a 3-cleft pistillode, and entirely in habit and inflorescence, 37*. CODIZEUM, Juss. Glabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, penninerved. owers moncecious, in usually unisexual racemes, rarely a female at the base of the male racemes; males small, fascicled, fem. solitary. MALE FL. Sepals or calyx-lobes 3-6, membranous, imbricate. Petals small, alter- hating with disk-glands. Stamens 15-30, free, crowded ona low receptacle ; anthers erect, cells on the margins of a large connective, tips at length con- fluent. Pistillode 0. FEM. FL. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 0. Disk subentire. vary 3-celled ; styles entire, elongate, slender, recurved ; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule globose, of 8 2-valved parchment-like cocci. Seeds shining, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 4, alayan, Australian and Pacific. . c. variegatum, Blume Bijd. 606; leaves very variable from oblong to narrowly linear often variegated green and yellow, racemes long axillary. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1119; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 405. C. pictum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3051. Croton bractiferus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 680. C. variegatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3, 1424. C. pictus, Wall. Cat. 7714.—Rheede ort. Mal. vi. t. 61. In gardens, &c. specially in the Eastern Provinces ; native of the Moluces inert throughout INDIA, especially VOL. v, pd 400 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Codicum. An evergreen shrub. Leaves 2-10 in. long, often waved and infinitely variable in form and colouring. 38. OSTODES, Blume. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, broad, toothed or entire, penninerved, rarely triple-nerved at the base, which is 2-glandular or not. Flowers in lax terminal and lateral panicled racemes, rarely in axillary fascicles, mono- or di-cecious; males fascicled or cymose, fem. in separate racemes or solitary in the male cymes. MALE FL. Sepals 5, broad, unequal, imbricate. Petals 5-6, longer. Disk of 5 glands or 0. Stamens 8-30, inserted on a convex or columnar receptacle ; anthers dorsifixed, of the inner series often horizontal, cells introrsely adnate to the broad connective, rarely extrorse, parallel or divergent. Pistillode 0. FEx.rr. Perianth of the male. Ovary 3-celled; styles short, 2-cleft, ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule subglobose, 6-ribbed, endocarp almost bony, at length breaking up into 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovoid, testa crustaceous (? pulpy when fresh), albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, dlat.— Species 6-8, Indian and Malayan. As above defined, Ostodes is a heterogeneous assemblage of trees and shrubs with simple leaves, unisexual flowers, a double perianth of 5—6 imbricate sepals, as many petals, and 8 or more free stamens on a central receptacle. 1. O. zeylanica, Muell Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 214, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1114; leaves elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate crenate-serrate all penninerved longer than the petiole, flowers in large branched finely scurfily tomentose panicles, petals elliptic. Bed- dome Fl. Sylvat. t. 274. Desmostemon zeylanicus, Thwaites Enum. 278; Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 925, t. 97. TRAVANCORE; on the Anamallay Hills, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. CEYLON; common in the drier parts of the island ; ascending to 4000 ft. A tree, young parts scurfily pubescent; branchlets robust. Leaves 6-12 by 2—4 in., coriaceous, brown when dry, serratures glandular; petiole stout, 1-5 in., terete. Panicles 6-12 in., pendulous; branches spiciform, strict; bracts short ; flowers fascicled, sessile or very shortly pedicelled, } in. diam. Male fl.; sepals rounded; petals longer, erect and recurved; stamens about 15, 5 free, 10 with filaments united below. Fem. /l; disk annular, strigose within ; ovary subglobose, strigose; styles cuneate, 2-fid. Capsule 1} in. diam. or less, hoary.— Thwaites describes this as a very variable plant. Some branches bear, instead of flowers, short fol in. long spikelets clothed with subconfluent bracts. Van. minor, Thwaites l.c. ; subarboreus or shrubby, smaller in all its parts, leaves sometimes narrowly lanceolate, branches of panicles very slender, flowers $ in diam.» capsule 14 in. diam. O. minor, Muell. Arg. in Linnæa and DC. ll. ce. Trigonostemo zeylanicus, Muell. Arg. in Linnæal. c. 213, and in DC. l. c. 1106 ; Beddome Forester $ Man. 212. Tritaxis zeylanica, Muell. Arg. in Flora 47 (1864) 482. 2. O. paniculata, Blume Bijd. 690; leaves ovate acuminate or can date serrate equalling or longer than the petiole, base triple-nerved, flower in short or long branched glabrous panicles, petals broad glabrous, wit 15; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i.i. 384; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 1- 1119; Kurz For. FL ii. 404. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, in tropical valleys, and ascending to 5000 ft., J. D. H. fT a &c. BHOTAN, Griffith. SILHET, at Terrya Ghat, J. D. H. 4 T.T. MARTABAN, Ad? —DISTRIB. Java. 2 by A tree, shoots pubescent; branches very stout, bark white. Leaves 8-12 les 4-7 in. thickly coriaceous, 2.glandular at the base; petiole 2-10 in. Panic Ostodes. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 401 8-12 in.; bracts minute; flowers } in. diam., pedicelled. Sepals unequal, concave. Petals unequal, very shortly clawed. Disk-glands of male large; receptacle convex, villous. Stamens about 20, filaments villous at the base; anthers erect, introrse. Capsule 1} in. long, subglobose, 3-lobed, rather rough, valves thickly crustaceous or woody. Seeds globose, 1 in. diam., brown and mottled, smooth.—The leaves are distinctly triple-nerved at the base; the other nerves are very rarely hairy at the axils ; the petals are not hairy at the base. 3. O. appendiculata, Hook. f.; leaves subsessile 1-2 ft. linear- oblong all penninerved glabrous quite entire, racemes from the lower part of the stem tomentose stout; petals broad villous at the back and furnished towards the base within with 2 waved transverse appendages. PERAK; at Larut, alt. 500-1000 ft., King’s Collector. u A leafy tree, 40-60 ft. Leaves coriaceous, 6 in. broad, green when dry, shining above, base acute; nerves 12-15 pair, arched, strong beneath; petiole } in., very stout. Racemes white-tomentose, branches stout, 6-8 in.; male fl. in short 3-5-fld. branches; bracts short, pedicels equalling the calyx or shorter. Male calys of 5 broad rounded very coriaceous imbricate hoary sepals, glabrous within. Petals longer than the sepals, erect with recurved tips, thick; the long white hairs on the back occupy a broad round area below the middle; villous in front below the appendages. Disk 0. Stamens 8, in the centre of the flower; filaments free, clothed with long silky hairs; anthers broad, introrse. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.—This may form a distinct genus when the fem. fl. and fruit are known. 4. O. Helferi, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 215, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ji. 1115; leaves bifarious 8-9 in. glabrous oblong or obovate-lanceolate cuspidately acuminate quite entire, petiole very short, flowers very small fascicled in the axils. Kurz For. Fl. 404. TENASSERIM ; at Moulmcin, Helfer. . Branches densely lenticellate. Leaves 3-4 in. broad, thin, base rounded, egla n- dular, midrib rough beneath ; nerves 10-14 pair, arched, rather slender ; petiole am., very stout. Male fl. on short stout pedicels shorter than the petiole and with many bracts at the base, ` Sepals and petals 5-6 each, externally finely pubescent, bot : concave and very coriaceous, 5}; in. long. Stamens in a hemispheric tO d numerous and densely packed ; anthers short, adnate to the broad filament, -C de . extrorse,.— The habit of this is entirely different from any of the preceding, and 18 likened by Mueller to a Gelonium, but the leaves are much larger. The specimens seen by him are probably more advanced than the Kew ones, for he describes the receptacle as hairy, and the bracts as distichous. . O. muricata, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled, elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate entire or serrate penninerved base acute, male fl. long-pedicelled in short cymes, calyx obtusely 5-lobed, petals oblong smooth within, stamens 20-30, fem. solitary, capsule trigonously globose on a stout woody peduncle echinate. PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector. . A small tree, 10-20 «t. branchlets woody, bark pale. Leaves 6-10 by Stin, coriaceous; nerves 10-12 pair, basal pair inconspicuous, cross-nervules very aint 5 Petiole 13-21 in., rather slender, 2-grooved above. Male cymes axillary and on the old wood, about 1 in. long; pedicels 1—1 in., slender, irregularly fascicled on, the short rachis; bracts small, ovate; flowers white, black when dry; calyx-lobes rounded ; Petals oblong ; stamens short, subequal, anthers introrse. Capsule about 4 in. diam. ; peduncle 2-2 in, long; pericarp of valves black, echinate, thin; cocci rather thick, Srey. Seeds upwards of 2 i . long, ellipsoid, smooth, brown. . Van. ? minors haves? smaller 4-7 "n. thinner more ovate-lanceolate re much 402 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ostodes. : : 3; der fainter nerves pale glaucous brown when dry, petiole shorter 4-1 in. long slender, rachis of cymes shorter, fem. fl. and capsule unknown.—Penang, King’s Collector, Curtis (No. 811). Singapore, Lobd (No. 304). 39. BLACHIA, Baill. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, or opposite or the upper suboppo- site, membranous, quite entire, eglandular, penninerved. Flowers monco- cious or subdicecious; males terminal subumbellate or racemose with filiform peduncle and pedicels, fem. solitary or fascicled, pedicels thickened above. Mate FL. Sepals 4-5, concave, membranous, imbricate. Petals 4-5, small, rounded, hyaline. Disk-glands scale-like, alternating with the petals. Stamens 10-20, on a convex receptacle, filaments free ; anthers ovate, cells on the margin of the connective, tips at length confluent. Pis- tillode 0. 'FEw.rr. Sepals accrescent. Petals0. Disk obscure or annular. Ovary 3-4-celled ; styles filiform, 2-partite, recurved or revolute; ovules in each cell. Capsule of 32-valved cocci. Seeds oblong, estrophiolate, testa crustaceous shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 5 or 6, South Indian, Ceylon and one Chinese. 1, B. umbellata, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 387, t. 19, £. 18-20; leaves very shortly petioled elliptic-subrhombic or oblong, male flowers umbelled, fruiting sepals slightly enlarged spreading obtuse persistent. Benth. in Journ. Linn Soc. xvii. 226; Thwaites Enum.277. Croton umbel- latus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 545; Wall. Cat. 7765. Codisum umbellatum, Mell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1118; Beddome Forester’s Man. 213, t. 23, TRAVANCORE, Klein, Wight. CEYLON; common in the south of the island, ‘especially near the sea. A shrub. Leaves 4—7 in. by 11-3 in., broadest at or above the nriddle, cuspidately acuminate, much narrowed at the base; nerves 8-10 pair, very slender, nearly straight; petiole 3—4 in. Male fl. 8-10, on a capillary peduncle 1-3 in. ; pedicels 4-4 in. ; buds globose; perianth + in. diam. Fem. fl. 1-4, on a rigid erect slender peduncle 1-2 in. long; pedicels 1—1 in., thickened upwards; perianth j in. diam., in fruit iin. Capsule 2 in. diam., smooth, deeply 3-lobed. Seeds j in. long, oblong, shining, mottled.— There is a tendency to an enlargement of the female sepals. 2. E. reflexa, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 226; leaves petioled subrhombic.or elliptic obtuse cuspidate or obtusely acuminate, male flowers umbelled, fruiting sepals slightly enlarged acute spreading or reflexed persistent. NıLGHIRI Mrs., Herb. G. Thomson. Very closely allied to B. umbellata, but the leaves are usually much smaller, 2-3 by 1-1} in. the petioles longer, }~} in., and the fruiting sepals more acute. The fruiting sepals are spreading as in umbellata or reflexed. Seeds } in. long, oblong, smooth, polished, mottled with brown. 3. B. calycina, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 226; leaves sub- sessile elliptic-rhombic or -lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, male f racemose, fruiting sepals much enlarged oblong obtuse or lanceolate acuminate persistent. Croton umbellatus, Wight Ic. t. 1874; Wall, Cat. 7770, 7776, 8013. The Deccan PENINSULA, Klein, Heyne (Herb. Rottler), TRAVANCORE, at Cour- tallam, Wight. Nitaurei Mrs. (Herb. G. Thomson). Blachia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 408 This has the subsessile leaves of B. umbellata, and even smaller leaves than B. reflexa; it differs from both in the enlarged fruiting sepals, which are 3-2 in. long.— The specimens in Rottler's Herbarium (from Heyne) are marked from Ceylon. .4. B. denudata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 226; leaves petioled elliptic oblong lanceolate or ovate obtuse acute or acuminate, male fl. race- mose, fem. shortly peduncled, calyx deciduous after flowering. Croton umbellatum, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 231 (excl. syn.). The Concan and N. Canara, Ritchie, Stocks, Dalzell, Talbot, &c. . . . A shrub or small tree. Leaves very variable, 3-5 by 1-21 in.; jpetiole j-j in. r ^ fi. at the base of the racemes. Fruit variable in size, 4—} in. long, peduncles in. 9. B. andamanica, Hook. f.; leaves elliptic or obovate obtusely acuminate, male fl. subumbellately corymbose, fem. corymbs subsessile, flowers very shortly pedicelled. Codiæum andamanicum, Kurz For. Fl. 1.405. Dimorphocalyx andamanicus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 302. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, in tropical forests common, Kurz. A large evergreen shrub, everywhere glabrous. Leaves 3-6 in., base acute or obtuse, chartaceous, entire or subsinuate ; petiole}-$ in. Male fl. as in B. umbellata, fem. rather larger, both terminating young often axillary shoots. Sepals glabrous, of male rounded, of fem, ovate acute. Petals of male small; glands large, trigonous, ‘truncate, fleshy. Stamens in several series. Ovary appressed hirsute; styles very long, 2-cleft. Capsule size of a small cherry, globose, 3-coccous, woody-coriaceous, roughish ; peduncle nodding, thickened upwards, Seeds ovoid-elliptic, silky grey, variegated.— Description chiefly from Kurz. 40. DIMORPHOCALYX, T7. Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, coriaceous, penninerved. lowers in axillary or terminal peduncled few-fld. racemes, or the fem. sub- solitary, dicecious. Marx rr. Calyx cupular, or 5-partite, 5-toothed or lobed, open in bud. Petals 5, longer and broader. Disk-glands 5, alternate with the petals. Stamens 10-20, on a short columnar receptacle, filaments stout, ree or the inner connate; anthers dorsifixed or innate; cells adnate to thick connective, parallel or divergent. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Sepals 5, Imbricate, enlarging greatly in fruit. Petals 5. Ovary 3-celled ; styles *erect, 2-fid; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds ovoid, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.— Species 3-4, South Indian and Malayan. l. D. glabellus, Thwaites Enum. 978; leaves 2-3 in. elliptic-ovate polong or -lanceolate obtuse or subacute, stamens about 10, ovary strignse, oct i -Aii i dl ong or obovate. tri- € perianth 3-11 in. diam., segments broadly o g m o orate on gonostemon Lawianus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. i Plant only). Croton glabellus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 8019.— Wall. Cat. 8010 and 7750 in part, s DECCA N PENINSULA, Heyne, Wight, CEYLON; common in the drier parts of the nd, Thwaites, kA small tree, Zeaves red brown beneath when dry, base acube oboro T rounded ; : many, very slender; petiole in. Male cymes erect; flowers . diam., AD pedicelled ; central ea ted in a slender column with 5 free ones at its Ve Fem. flowers long pedicelled ; pedicels with few small obtuse bracts. Petals 404 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Dimorphocalyx. of both sexes oblong, of the males longer than the sepals, of the fem. shorter. Capsule 4-1 in. diam., slightly hairy. Seeds } in. long, oblong, mottled. =I have exam ined many female plants of this species from both Ceylon and the Peninsula, bu has no males. Croton Lawianus, Nimmo, referred here by Mueller, is a true Croton. do not know what * Falconer 1255,” cited by Mueller, refers to. 2. D. Lawianus, Hook. f.; leaves 4-8 in. elliptic-ovate -oblong or -lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, stamens about 15, ovary strigose, fruiting perianth 1-2 in. diam., segments oblong or lanceolate very ROUEN D. glabellus, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 225, t. 26 (except figs. ET Trigonostemon Lawianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 212, and in . Prodr. xv. ii. 1106 (the Concan plant only); Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 273- (ezel. syn.). The CoxwcAN, Law, Stocks, &c. TRAVANCORE; on the Anamallay Hills, alt.. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. . 2x MEM I advance this as a species distinct from D. glabellus with hesitation ; it difor from that plant in the much larger more membranous leaves with longer peto es, tin more numerous stamens, the usually much narrower and longer very unequal rui 1 8 sepals, and the fruit and seeds which are almost double the size. The plate o Anamallay plant given by Beddome in the Linnæan Transactions agrees with Lawianus- except in the fruiting sepals being in every instance equal, which they rarely are dv in the figures 10, 11, 12 of the male flower, which, if correct, indicate a wi different species, for the sepals are represented as free almost to the base, oblong with. a rounded dorsal gibbosity, and the corolla as having a broad entire tube aud 5 small recurved lobes; the male disk also is represented as glabrous. Figs. 14 and 15,. which are stated to be abnormal male flowers of Concan specimens, precisely accord with normal ones of D. Lawianus, except that the receptacle is glabrous. I susp that the calyx of figs. 10 and 12 is taken from a fem. flower, that fig. 12 is ovr and that the hairs on the receptacles of figs. 12 and 15 were overlooked. Beddom male and female specimens of the Anamallay plant in all respects agree with Concan ones. 3. D. malayanus, Hook. f.; leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate, stamens about 10, ovary glabrous, fruiting perian about 1 in. diam., sepals broadly oblong subequal. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4785). Pzwaxa, Curtis, King’s Collector.— DISTRIB. Borneo. A shrub, 10-15 ft. Branchlets slender, bark white. Leaves rather membranous, - : : ; . in base acute or obtuse, nerves many pairs very slender; petiole 4 in. Male fi slender branched cymes; calyx with 5 short obtuse teeth; central stamens united in. a slender column with 5 free ones at their base; disk of large glands ; receptacle glabrous. Capsule 1 in. diam., deeply 3-lobed, quite glabrous. Seeds subglobose, dark, mottled.—Kurz's Codieum andamanicum, which Bentham by oversight (Gen. Plant. iii. 302) referred to this species, is a Blachia. 4. D. capillipes, Hook. f.; leaves 6-10 in. oblanceolate from a ooi tracted obtuse base acuminate obscurely serrate, petiole short, frui E racemes elongate capillary naked few-fld., bracts foliaceous, fruiting perian 1j in. diam., sepals lanceolate acuminate very unequal. SINGAPORE, Lobb. Quite glabrous; branches slender ; aves 2 10-12 pa stipules . Li . M hairs. tips and stipules strigose with yellow -3 in. broad, membranous, brown when dry ; base minutely cordate; nerves ir, very slender, flexuous, cross subulate-lanceolate. Fruiting racemes axillary, 4-6 in. ; bracts oblong, jm -nervules very faint reticulate; petiole $—4 in. Dimorphocalyx.] cxxxv. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 405 long; pedicels as long, thickened and angular above. Fruiting sepals l-nerved, larger oblong-lanceolate. Capsule i in. diam., hoary, cocci globose smooth thinly crustaceous. Seeds subglobose, polished, mottled. 9. D. Kunstleri, King mss.; leaves 2-3 in. elliptic-oblong obtuse quite entire whitish beneath base acute, male cymes subterminal short, stamens about 13. Pgnana, King’s Collector. A shrub, 10-15 ft., quite glabrous, much branched, branches slender. Leaves 1-1 in. broad, thin, brown above when dry, nerves many very slender; petiole 4 in.; stipules triangular-ovate. Cymes of male fl. 1 in., 6-8-fld., quite glabrous, leafy towards the base; bracts minute; pedicels 4,—1 in. Flowers campanulate, white, 3 in. broad ; calyx cupular, broadly 5-toothed; petals oblong ; glands large; stamens 5 at the base of the column, and 8 at the top. 4l. ERISMANTHUS, Wall. Subscandent shrubs. Leaves subsessile, opposite, bifarious, oblong, base on one side cordate, penninerved ; stipules rigid. Flowers axillary, monce- cious, males on long capillary pedicels arising from the bracts of a short subsessile axillary cone, petaliferous, females solitary in separate axils long pedicelled, apetalous. Disk 0. Matz rr. Sepals 4-5, oblong, reflexed, imbricate P Petals half the size, narrower. Stamens about 12, inserted on à conical hairy receptacle, that terminates in a very long capillary pistil- lode ; filaments very short; anthers large, broadly didymous, compressed ; cells dehiscing along the top and margins. Ferm. FL. Sepals 5, elliptic- oblong, large, unequal, foliaceous, enlarging in fruit. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled, hispid; styles very long, united below, 2-partite, arms filiform hispid; ovule 1 in each cell. Capsule of 3 crustaceous subglobose hispid cocci. Seeds globose.—Species 2, the following and a Chinese one. E. obliqua, Wall. Cat. 8011; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1138; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 669. an "oi Wallich, Prerak, King's Collector.— DtsTRIB. Borneo (Beccari No. 769 A sparsely hairy shrub; branches slender, terete, woody. Leaves 5-7 in., thinly coriaceous, green when dry, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 10-12-nerved, obscurely crenate, lower base rounded, upper very narrow; petiole y in., often bright red ; stipules $} in., lanceolate, green, persistent. Cones of bracts of male fl. i-i in., usually reflexed, and concealed under the leaf-bases; bracts subulate, most densely imbricate, hispid; male fl. 1 in. diam., very numerous, forming a tangled mass ot ary capillary pedicels iin. long; sepals and petals membranous ; pistillode } in., as slender as the pedicels, sparsely hairy, terminated by two narrow lamellie. £F em. Pedicel 2-6 in., stiff, strigose, with a few minute bracts; perianth 3-1 in. diam. ; repals rigid, 1-nerved, mucronate, obscurely serrate. Ovary minute, styles 4 in. „0ng; ovule with a 2-fid obturator. Capsule about } in. diam., epicarp not separat- ing. Seed mottled.—I am indebted to Dr. King for notes and materials enabling me to complete the description of this curious genus, of which a Chinese species 1s red in the * Icones Plantarum ” (t. 1578). 42. AGROSTISTACHYS, Dalz. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, usually very long, often subsessile, entire, serrate or sinuate. Flowers in axillary or supra-axillary 406 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Agrostistachys. 1 iceci ithin each teate racemes or spikes, dicecious; males few or many within € bracts fem. solitary, longer pedicelled. Mars rr. Calyx globose, splitting Eh 2-5-valvate lobes. Petaís8,shorter. Disk-glands very large, a rna MM the petals. Stamens 8-13, on a convex receptacle, filaments near Md tips subulate; anthers versatile, cells pendulous from the t hicl e Apiha nective. Pistillode 2-3-fid or 0. Frm. rı. Calyx 5-6-fid. i a * ea: caducous. Ovary 3-celled; styles short, thick, spreading, entire tdeshy ovules lin each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved crustaceous cocci, or su bern Seeds globose, testa crustaceous shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons , flat.—Species 6 or 8, Tropical Indian and African. Sect. I. EvAGRosTISTACHYSs. Bracts of male 1-3-fid., glumaceous, densely imbricate, on short small axillary or supra-axillary spikes. 1. A. indica, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. (1850) 41; leaves - petioled elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute acutely serrate, base very none spikes supra-axillary very short subdistichous, bracts 1-fld., as E Bomb. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 726 (excl. var. 8.); Dalz. gf » ne Fl. 232; Thwaites Enum. 279; Beddome For. Man. 205.— Wall. Cat. 7492. The Deccan PENINSULA, on the Western Ghats, from the Concan southward. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 1-2000 ft., Walker, &c. . . s A shrub, 5-6 ft.; branches stout, leafy. Leaves 4-12 by 134-4 in., CO ole reticulate on both surfaces; teeth incurved, spinulose ; nerves 10-15 pair; liate; l-1i in. Male spikes usually shorter than the petioles ; bracts broadly ovata, hairy; bracteoles 2, linear; pedicels very short ; sepals membranous, ovate, Pian cus 5-13. petals 5-8, rounded or subquadrate, white; disk-glands very large; stam . . * r 8; with sometimes a few fleshy filaments intermixed. Capsule $ in. diam., tridymou cocci woody, globose. 2. A. Gaudichaudi, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 144 and ely DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 725; leaves petioled oblanceolate acuminate piss) sinuate-serrate base very acute, spikes infra-axiilary very short tere A 1-fid. Sarcoclinium Gaudichaudi, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphord. . indica, var. longifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 726. A. longifolia, Kurz For, Fl. ti. 377. PENANG, Gaudichaud, &, "TENAssERIM (or Andaman Islands), Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4921). ore Very like A. indica, but the leaves in Helfer’s plant are longer, narrower have acuminate, with shorter petioles and with fewer very shallow obtuse teet sation seen no Penang specimens, and the flowers of Helfer’s are too young for exam . . inate 3. A. Maingayi, Hook. f.; leaves sessile oblanceolate acumina quite entire, spikes supra-axillary, bracts pubescent. Maracca, Maingay. Branches as thick as the little finger. Leaves 12-14 by 3-34 in., thinly 4 in. ceous, tapering down to their insertion, nerves about 12 pair. Capsule a diam.; cocci crustaceous, hoary. Seeds à in. diam.—I have seen only leaves, very young spikes and fruits of this species. Sect. IL SancocLmiUM, Bracts remote on a long rachis. Male fi. many under each bract. ile 4. A. Hookeri, Benth. Gen. Pl. iii. 303; leaves very large subses# Agrostistachys.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 407 oblanceolate acuminate many-nerved entire or denticulate, stipules very long, fem. racemes 1-2 ft., pedicels solitary long, fruit subbaccate. Sarco- clinium Hookeri, Thwaites Enum. 279; Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 310, th f. 17,18; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 727; Beddome Forester’s an. 206. CEYLON; in the Ratnapoora district, T'waites. . A moderate-sized tree; branchlets as thick as the middle finger. Leaves thinly coriaceous, 2-3 ft. by 5-8 in.; base narrowed almost to the insertion; nerves 40-50 pair, spreading, nearly straight; petiole very stout, }-} in.; stipules 1-33 in., subulate from a base 3 in. broad, rigid, striate, brown. Fem. racemes slender, quite glabrous, flow ers distant ; pedicels 4-1 in., jointed about the middle; sepals minute, triangular; petals? ; ovary obtusely 3-gonous, minutely tomentose; style short, thick, 3-fid from the middle, branches emarginate. Capsule 1 in. diam., glabrous; cocci rounded. Seeds 4 in. diam.—Male fl. unknown. 9. A. longifolia, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 303; leaves very coriaceons Subsessile from cuneate-obovate to narrowly oblanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate quite entire, racemes much shorter than the leaves and flowers quite glabrous, bracts many-fld., pedicels of fem. fl. very short, ovary POO. cent. Sarcoclinium longifolium, Wight Ic. t. 1887-8; Muell. Arg. in . f oa xv. ii. 727; Thwaites Enum. 979; Beddome Foresters Man. 205, ° » i. 1. Canara, NILGHIRI and TRAVANCORE HILLS; in mountain woods facing the West, Wight, &c. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., M. acrae, pe ver large shrub; branchlets very stout. Leaves, smaller 3-7 by 1-3$ in. from 12-16 by 2-3 in., nerves 10-18 pair, not reticulate; stipules $-§ in., subulate set a broad base, Male racemes stout ; fem. slender, rarely minutely puberulous ; racts broadly ovate, minutely gland-toothed. Sepals of male 2-3, membranous, gta 5-3 o of fem, 5, ovate, acute. Petals 5, rounded. Disk-glands very large. Stamens : Pistillode 2-3-cleft. Capsule }-} in. diam., very shortly pedicelled, tridymous ; cocci globose, smooth, crustaceous. berulous.— AR. malayana ; racemes as long as the leaves, rachis and flowers puberulo e Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4739), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1407). Singapore and Penang, Wallich (No. 7717 in Herb. Benth.), &c.—A Bornean plant ( iti : No. 817) is, I think, the same as this; it has, however, broader leaves and straighter es, Var. latifolia ; leaves 12-18 by 8-6 in., nerves fewer ‘more horizontal, racemes much shorter than the leaves quite glabrous.—Perak, Scortechini and King ollector. ^ i anous oblan- ceolatens * filipendula, Hook. f; leaves petioled membrano e acuminate quite entire, male racemes filiform, bracts distant 5 6-fld. m. fl, lon g-pedicelled, ovary glabrous. PERAK ; at Larut King’s Collector. SINGAPORE, Hullett. : i A tree, 40-60 ft. (in Perak), branches stout. Leaves 12-20 by MERE ikam and glossy on both surfaces; nerves 15-20 pair, arched; pe tiae almost ten Winged. Male racemes 6-10 in., quite glabrous; bracts i ill oye flowers a ed when spread out, smooth ; pedicels exceeding the bracts, capillary scold s tante Sepals obovate-oblong; petals hyaline; disk-glands 4-5, d at the base : i tillod 8-9, filaments very long and slender, the alternate ones dilate xil 4-6 in. ode Q, em. racemes numerous, often fascicled above the leaf-axi p m. monety slender ; bracts oblong, obtuse, 1-fld.; pedicels 4-1 in. ; obed, styles nons; orange, thick, crenulate; staminodes filiform. Ovary 3- Si j Sty I "Though the male specimens are from Perak and the fem. from Singapore, 408 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Agrostistachys. find no reason to doubt their belonging to one species, and that a very elegant one. 43, SUMBA VIA, Baill. Trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves alternate, broad, 3-nerved, quite or subentire. Flowers in axillary spiciform racemes, monoecious; males clustered, subsessile ; fem. solitary amongst the males, pedicelled. MALE n Calyx globose, membranous, splitting into valvate lobes. Petals E , short. Stamens many, on a convex eglandular receptacle, filaments free; anthers oblong, erect, dorsifixed, cells parallel. Pistillode 0. FEM. ri Calyx 5-fid, lobes narrow, imbricate. Petals minute or 0. Ovary 3-celled ; styles recurved, entire; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 2 2-valved cocci. — Species 3, Malayan. Differs from Mallotus only in having petals. S. macrophylla, Muell. Arg. in Flora, 1864, 432, and in D C. Prodr. xv. ii. 727; leaves narrowly peltate ovate-oblong or -lanceols acuminate sides rounded or angled base contracted or rounded 2-glandular. Kurz For. Fl. 376. UPPER BURMA; near the Serpentine Mines, Griffith. Prau to TENASSERIM; in forests, Kurz. ‘tish An evergreen tree, 25-35 ft.; shoots, petioles, leaves beneath and racemes whitis with scurfy tomentum, Leaves 6-12 in., thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, ia jn 6-8 pairs above the basal, transverse nervules distant ; petiole 2-3$ in., tip rat er thickened. Racemes shorter than the leaves, pendulous; flowers d-i in. diam. 7 bud. Sepals 4, unequal, larger orbicular, concave, tawny, stellate-tomentose. Petals of the male rounded, shorter than the stamens, hyaline. Disk of fem. urceolate. Stamens about 70 on a sparingly pubescent receptacle; filaments very short, slender , anthers longer, linear-oblong. Ovary ovoid-oblong, acuminate, densely stellately tomentose; styles erect, spreading.—I have seen Griffith’s specimens, which are m male fl. (bud) ; the description of the female is from Kurz. The anthers are dorsi- fixed though far down, not basifixed as described by Kurz in his plant. 44. CHROZOPHORA, Weck. Diffuse, densely hispid or stellately tomentose herbs or undershrubs- Leaves alternate, sinuate-toothed or lobed, wavy or plaited, 2-glandular n the base. Flowers in sessile axillary bracteate racemes, mon@cious ; braci iS 1-fld.; males crowded in the upper part of the raceme; fem. solitary, Pe ui celled. Mate rr. Calyx globose or ovoid, splitting into 5 valvate segments. Petals 5, short. Disk obscure. Stamens 5-15, filaments connate below de one or more whorls; anthers oblong, cells contiguous, parallel. Pistillo " 0. Frm. ri. Sepals narrow. Petals narrow or 0. Disk-glands short, broad. Ovary 3-celled; styles erect or spreading, 2-fid; ovules 1 in each ods Capsule of 3 hispid tomentose or scaly subfieshy 2-valved cocci. "m estrophiolate, testa shining, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat. Species 4-6, Mediterranean, Asiatic and African. l. C. tinctoria, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 98, t. 7, f. 25; annual prostrate, leaves 11-21 in. long petioled from ovate and sinuate-too Gn or entire to rounded and obtusely lobed, ovaries and capsules stellately tomer tose and clothed with silvery scales. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 8. ^^" ee ana D Chrozophora.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 409 Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1140; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 152; Sibth. Fl. Grac. t. 950. The PANJAB, Thomson, Edgeworth; Salt Range, Aitchison. SCINDE and the Deccan, Stocks.—Distris. Affghanistan and eastward to the Mediterranean region. Whole plant softly clothed with stellate tomentum. Root stout ; branches 6-10in. Leaves thick, softly tomentose on both surfaces; petiole often 3 in. Racemes short, lengthening in fruit; male fl. numerous; pedicels of fem. at length decurved and sometimes 3 in. long in fruit. Stamens 5-20. Capsules } in. diam.—Boissier refers Griffith's Affghan plant to C. verbascifolia, which hardly differs, and is regarded as a variety by Mueller; it has thicker tomentum, 2. C. obliqua, 4. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 28; shrubby, erect or sub- erect, thickly stellate-tomentose, leaves usually about equalling the petioles orlonger ovate sinuate-toothed, ovaries and capsules stellately tomentose and with silvery scales. C. tinctoria, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 749; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1141. C. oblongifolia, A. Juss. 1. c. Croton obliquus, Vahl Symb. i. 78; Geisel. Monogr. Crot. 71. C. oblongifolius, Del. Fl. Egypt. 139, t. 51, £. 1. C. argenteus, Forsk. Cat. PI. Egypt. 75. C. tinctorium, Wall. Cat. 7716 G. Hinpostan, Wallich. KASHMIR, Thomson, &c.; the PANJAB, at Ferozepore, Thomson. ScINDE, Stocks.—Dis tris. Arabia, N. Africa. A taller more bushy plant than C. tinctoria, described as perennial by Mueller and Boissier, but the Panjab specimens are annual, as are others from Egypt, &c. The stamens are 5 in the F erozepore plant. In Wallich’s the lower petioles are twice as long as the leaf-blade and stamens 3-4. Schweinfurth’s C. obliqua (Plant. Nilot. 10, t. 3), quoted under ob liqua by Boissier, is not the true plant, being represented with- out stellate scales on the capsule. 3. €. plicata, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 28; annual, prostrate or ascending, leaves 2-5 in. broad subscabridly tomentose above, petiole equalling or exceeding the blade, from ovate and sinuate-toothed or entire 29 broadly rounded and lobed, ovary and capsule densely stellate-tomentose without silvery scales. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 747; Boiss. FI. Orient, iv, 1140; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 232. C. Rottleri, A. Juss. l. c.; Sp reng. Syst. iii. 850; Thwaites Enum. 443. Croton plicatus, Vahl Symb. 1.75; Geisel. Crot, Monogr. 70; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 681. C. Rottleri, Geisel. l. c. 54. O. asper, Ken. mss. C. tinctorius, Wall. Cat. 7716, (except G). C. moluccanus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 551. C. Burmanni, Spreng. l. c. 851. C. tinctorius & C. hastatus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 304 t. 69, f. 1 and 305, t. 63, £. 1. * Polycarpus, Hort. Calcutt. Throughout INDIA, from the PANJAB to TRAVANCORE, and from BENGAL to to Ss. and Burma, CEYLON; near Trincomalee, Genie.— DISTRIB. Westwar pain and N. Africa. The larger states of this are to be distinguished from C. tinctoria by the rather madrid upper surface of the leaves, and especially the absence of fringed scales on h ovary and capsule; in other respects it simulates the varieties of that plant. E e smallest states again look exceedingly different in habit, size of leaf, colour, an maa ìn the shorter fewer-flowered racemes and small capsules. I am quite tio e to follow Mueller in respect of his reference of the older tigures an eserip- ns to the three varieties he has established. Burmann's, Vahl's and Geisler's mis ptions are far too vague, and the figures of the former too inexact for deter- pan The following are the three prevalent Indian forms. I have seen no Ba panene from the Moluccas or Malay Islands, or from any country S. or . from for Maii" Malaccan habitat attributed by Mueller to Klein is probably an error 410 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Chrozophora. i i ightly 1. Leaves large 2-4 in., leathery, rounded with a rather truncate base slig lobed often rügose or plaited, petiole long, racemes many-fid., fruiting peduncle often 2-3 in., capsule } in. diam. C. plicata, Dalz., Boissier. Croton plicatus, Roxb. Rottleri, Thwaites. . 2. Leaves less thick and less tomentose ovate entire or repand toothed, petioles shorter. 3. Leaves 3-1 in., rounded deeply bullate together with the branches often densely tomentose or woolly sometimes deep green, racemes shorter fewer-fld., capsules sma ^. their pedicel never greatly lengthened. C. prostrata, Dalz., in Dalz. & Gibs. Boma Fl. 233.—This, which often grows completely appressed to the „ground, 1s regar ter by Dalzel as a very distinct species, occurring commonly in dried up wa holes. 45. CLAOXYLON, A. Juss. Evergreen trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, usually long- petioled, and oblong, entire or sinuate-toothed, penninerved (3-plinerved in one Indian species). Flowers small or minute, in axillary or lateral sp: ^ or racemes, usually dicecious. MALE FL. Calyx subglobose, of 3—4 valvate segments. Petals 0. Disk 0. Stamens many, rarely few, inserted on or around a central receptacle often intermixed with glands or long linear ciliate scales; filaments free; anthers erect; cells distinct, connate, at t 0. base only, quite free above and erect, dehiscence extrorse. Pistillode . Fem. rr. Ca x ofthe male. Disk 0 or of 3 petal-like hypogynous scales alternate with the carpels. Ovary 3-celled; styles short, rarely long, entire, spreading, fringed; ovules lin each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci, OF coriaceous and indehiscent. Seeds subglobose, arillate or not, testa crus- taceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 40, native of the tropics of the Old World. The discovery of frutescent species of Claoxylon with the hypogynous male scales (petals ?) of Mierococca requires the suppression of the latter genus, the only other character for which is its being an annual. Mueller describes the seeds of Claoxylon as enclosed in an often coloured lax epidermis, Kurz as having a pure white or scarlet axil. The genus will require revision when fuller and better materials than those here described from are forthcoming. Sect. I. Fem. fl. without hypogynous scales. Stamens central in the male fl. (See C. hirsutum in Sect. IIT.) ' * Filaments intermized with ciliate filiform scales. 1. C. indicum, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 235; robust, leaves long-petioled from elliptic to broadly orbicular-ovate sinuate-toothed tomentose pubescen hoary or subglabrous, racemes 4-6 in., flowers shortly pedicelled, stamens 20-30, mixed with copious filiform villous scales, capsules small 3 in, diam. trigonously 3-lobed, seeds 3 in. diam. Muell. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 782; Miquel Fi. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 386. C. macrophyllum, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 249. C. spiciflorum, Baill. Rec. Obs. Bot. i. 985 (excl. syn.). ©. parvi florum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 212 (excl. syn.); Benth. Fl. Hongi 305 (not of Juss.). Erythrochilus indicus, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 615». E. mollis, Blume l. c — Wall. Cat. 7842. MADRAS PENINSULA, Wight in Herb. Wall. TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Grif ray and PENANG, Wallich. SINGAPORE, Schomburgk.—D1sTR1B. Malay Islands, ina. A large shrub or small tree ; branches stout, soft, pubescent or softly tomentose. Leaves in the broad form 6-10 by 4-6 in., in the narrower 6-8 by 3-410» Claoxylon.] CXXXV. EvPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 411 acute obtuse rounded or subcordate, eglandular; petiole 3-5 iu. Racemes hoary- tomentose; males longest with scattered clusters of subsessile flowers; female with solitary pedicelled flowers. Capsules tomentose, depressed; cocci keeled. Seeds (ripe ?) rugose.— The more glabrous narrower-]eaved forms look very different from the very broad tomentose ones (Mueller's var. B.), but in the Malay Islands both accompany the same very marked capsule, which is quite unlike that of any other Species. 2. C. longifolium, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 781 (in part) ; leaves long-petioled elliptic-oblong or lanceolate quite glabrous base acute sinuate-toothed or entire, racemes 4—6 in., flowers pedicelled, stamens 40-50, receptacle with long villous scales, fruit $ in. diam. with 3 globose rugose cocci, seeds 3 in. diam. smooth. Erythrochilus longifolius, Blume Bijd. 616.— Wall. Cat. 7715 B. PENANG, Wallich, Curtis, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1408). SINGAPORE, Hallett. —DisrRIB. Java. Sumatra (Beccari No. 540). An evergreen shrub or small tree, 4-10 ft. (Kurz) ; stem hollow ; shoots pubescent. Leaves 3-6 in., green when dry, puberulous beneath; petiole 2-5 in. Racemes hoary, 2-3 in. ; flowers à in. diam, Fruit apparently bursting irregularly tridymous, hoary without, silky within.—The Calcutta Garden plant is, I think, rightly referred to this by Mueller, but is, I suspect, from Penang, and not from the Khasia Mts. On the other hand, the Khasia plant of Thomson’s and my collection, also referred here by Mueller, is C. khasiana, differing in the very short scales amongst the stamens. I ave seen no Javan specimens of C. longifolium. The Indian plant differs from - indicum in the fruit and seed. The following varieties may be distinct species. C. LoNGtFOLIUM proper; racemes 4-8 in., flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled.— Penang (Wall. Cat. 7715 B). yy Var. brachystachys; more glabrous, racemes 2-3 in., pedicels longer more slender + In. long.— Penang, Curtis; Singapore, Hallett. ** Filaments mized with very small scales, or scales 0. 3. C. khasianum, Hook. f.; leaves long-petioled elliptic- or oblong- lanceolate acuminate obscurely sinuate-toothed glabrous, racemes 1-3 in. Cary, flowers minute sessile, stamens about 50, receptacle with minute scales or glands, fruit of 1-3 globose membranous hoary carpels $ in. diam., seed? in. diam. C. longifolium, 8. glabrum, Muell. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 781 (the Khasian plant only). Assam, SILHET, CACHAR and the Kuasta Mrs., Grifith, Wallich, J. D. H. & T. T. Habit and foliage of C. indicum and longifolium, but differing from the former in the fruit and seed, and from both in the small male flowers, 41; in. diam., and the minute scales and glands of the receptacle. . . ar. ? serrulata ; leaves serrulate, racemes 6-10 in.—Garrow Hills, Simons. hei C Wallichianum, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 781; leaves Shortly petioled oblanceolate or subcuneately obovate acuminate base very narrow sinuate serrulate, racemes 1-2 in. slender few-fld., stamens about Scales of receptacle few minute, fruit $ in. diam. 3-lobed, seed } in. diam. —Wall. Cat. 7740 A. Ki. Mataca PENINSULA; Penang, Porter, Curtis; PERAK, ascending to 4000 ft., ing $ Collector. 0 by 14-3 i ranches rather slender, terete, and petioles pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by 14-3 in., fen tanous, pubescent beneath ; petiole yl in., slender. .Kacemes pubescent, P hn Minute fascicled, Fruit pedicelled, nearly glabrous, pericarp thinly crusta- 75 glabrous within, Seeds 4 in. diam., subglobose, pointed, rugose. 412 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) ^ [Claoxylon. Sect. II. Fem. fl. without hypogynous scales. Anthers sessile in several series around the margin of a flat naked receptacle. 5. C. anomalum, Hook. f.; leaves long-petioled oblong-lanceolate acuminate subserrate glabrous base very acute 2-glandular, racemes very short dense-fid. TRAVANCORE; at Courtallam, Wight. Branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in., membranous; petiole 3-2 in., very slender. Male and fem. racemes 3-1 in., very shortly peduncled ; flowers 4 in. diam., subtomentose. Anthers very numerous, quite sessile, imbricating ; cells short, diverging, truncate when dehisced. Ovary tomentose.—I have only one male and one fem. specimen of this singular species. Sect. III. Fem. fl. with 3 ligulate or oblong hypogynous scales alter- nating with the carpels. Racemes very slender in all. Micrococca, Benth 6. C. Mercurialis, Thwaites Enum. 271 ; annual, herbaceous, nearly glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse crenate, racemes numerous capillary glabrous, stamens few or many, ovary hirsute with 3 linear scales. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 790. Mercurialis alternifolia, Desv. in-Lamk. Encycl. iv. 120; Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 490, and Rec. Obs. Bot.i. 76; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 186. Microstachys Mercurialis, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora 503; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 927. Tragia Mercurialis, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3, 1391 (excl. var. B. and syns.); Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 576; Wall. Cat. 7790.— Plukenet Lconogr. t. 205, f. 4. BEHAR; at Monghir, Wallich. The Deccan PENINSULA, in cultivated ground’ common. Burma, Wallich. CEYLON; very common.—Distris. Arabia an Tropical Africa. Stem 6-24 in., stout or slender, soft, pale, often much branched, minutely pubes- cent with soft long hairs. Leaves 1-11 in.; base acute or obtuse, rarely cordate ; nerves 4-5 pair, slender ; petiole 3-2 in.,.very slender. Racemes equalling or exceeding the leaves; bracts very remote ; flowers short- or long-pedicelled, fem. usually solitary with several males. Sepals glabrous, Stamens very variable in number, rarely only 3, often 5-10, sometimes very numerous in a globose mass in a nearly naked recep- tacle ; anthers nearly sessile, cells short, dehiscence extrorse. Fem. fl. about 7's in. diam. Capsule 3 in, diam., glabrous or sparsely hairy, tridymous, depressed ; stigmas Mat phort, fimbriate; cocci globose, thinly crustaceous. Seeds pale brown, deeply 7. C. oligandrum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 104, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 784; shrubby, nearly glabrous, leaves long-petioled from ovate- to linear-lanceolate entire or serrate acuminate, racemes filiform longer than the leaves, flowers minute males arising from distant minute spikelets of imbricating bracteoles, stamens 5-18, ovary silky with 3 linear hypogynous scales. C. longifolium, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 493 (in part); Thwaites Enum. 271 (excl. syn. Blume). CEYLON ; in the Central Province, ascending to 5000 ft. A branching shrub, branches and petioles rarely pubescent. Leaves 3-8 by $13 iD. rather membranous, very rarely puberulous beneath; base obscurely 2-glandular, acute, rarely obtuse ; nerves suberect; petiole 1-21 in. Racemes solitary, curved or flexuous; spikelets very distant, 5}, jj in. long; pedicels about as long or less. Fila- ments short, mixed with stipitate radiating glands. Capsule very small ; cocci globose: —Mueller distinguishes as a variety a form with leaves obtuse at the base and few (5-8) stamens, but acute and obtuse based leaves occur on the same specimen, and the number of stamens varies excessively, Claoxylon.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 413 8. C. Wightii, Hook. f.; shrubby, sparsely softly hispid, leaves ovate- or oblong-lanceolate obtuse subentire or crenate, racemes numerous filiform flexuous hairy, stamens 6-9 subsessile, ovary hispid with 3 ligulate and very short fimbriate styles.— Wall. Cat. 7747. TRAVANCORE; at Courtallam, Wight; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. Branches terete, slender, woody, younger together with the petioles and racemes laxly clothed with soft tawny hairs. Leaves 2-3 in., membranous, base acute; nerves 4-6 pair, very slender, midrib often fulvous-hairy beneath; petiole 3-1 in., slender, Racemes numerous, 1-2 in. long; bracts minute, lanceolate, vilious ; male fl. with globose hairy buds 35-45 in. diam., on capillary pedicels as long. Stamens mixed with a few unequal hyaline scales. Capsule about `} in. diam., 3-lobed, hispid, cocci thinly crustaceous. Seeds globose, smooth, dotted with shallow white pits. 9. C. Beddomei, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or coarsely serrate, racemes filiform strict, males with very distant bracts each containing a short spikelet of densely imbricating racteoles from the axils of which the pedicelled male fl. arise, stamens 15-20, anther-cells linear, ovary glabrous with 3 ligulate scales and long fimbriate styles. TRAVANCORE; on the Anamallay Hills, Beddome. . Branches terete, slender, woody, youngest shoots hispid. . Leaves 4-6 in., mem- branous, base acute; nerves 8-10 pairs, very slender; petiole j-1$ in. slender. Racemes long-peduncled ; bracts minute, lanceolate; spikelets ;5,—3 in. long; brac- teoles lanceolate, green, ciliolate. Stamens without scales or glands; anthers subses- sile, cells much longer than in the other species, quite free except at the very base. Capsule } in, diam., glabrous, cocci thinly crustaceous. Seeds foveolate. 10. C. hirsutum, Hook.f. ; shrubby, villously hirsute with tawny hairs, leaves lanceolate acuminate subcrenate villous on both surfaces, stamens about 8, anthers short. TRAVANCORE ; on the Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. . Branches rather stout, terete, woody. Leaves 3-5 in., villous on both surfaces, pith dense softer longer hairs beneath; nerves 4-6 pair; petiole }-1} in. Racemes 2-3 in. long, filiform, clothed with soft spreading hairs; bracts distant, with clusters of minute shortly pedicelled male flowers. Calyx 3-4 lobed, filaments longer than the anthers.—I have seen but one specimen, a male. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. 11. c. longipetiolatum, Kurz For. FI. ii. 396 ; leaves 4-8 in. long- petioled elliptic- to ovate-oblong shortly finely acuminate subcrenate or toothed base acute obtuse or subcordate slightly pubescent beneath, peto e 5 in., racemes hispid, capsules deeply 3-lobed hirsute with soft prickles, cocci the size of a pea. Prov, Marrapan and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. I A shrub or small tree, 8-15 ft.; stem fistulose ; shoots appressed folium ve 1 e H u " mbie . except in the fy imperfect specimens in young flower; they rese 12. C. leucocar z For. Fl. ii. 896; leaves broadly ovate obtusely acuminate a “foot lous and almost as broad 3-5-nerved at the rounded or subcordate base repand-toothed scabrid above stellate-pubescent ineath, petiole 3-8 in., racemes stellate-tomentose, capsules the size of a avid 2-4-lobed fleshy-coriaceous softly stellately hispid, seeds ovoid- Slobose smooth 1 in. diam. enveloped in a white aril. 414 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Cl/aoxylon. Forests of PEcv, Kurz. An evergreen meagre low shrub, 3—4 ft. ; stem very stout, fistular ; shoots stellate- pubescent. Leaves eglandular at the base.— The only specimen I have seen is in fruit; the three strong long spreading basal nerves are quite unlike any Indian species of the genus. The fruiting raceme is very short, the fruit pedicelled, and the seeds remain attached to the axis of the fruit after the fall of the crustaceous stellately woolly valves. 13. Claoxylon sp.; leaves long and stoutly petioled 10-12 by 2—4 in. oblong acuminate subentire glabrous above sparsely pubescent beneath base acute eglandular, petiole 2-3 in., young racemes very short, stamens 60-70 filaments short, anthers long for the genus, receptacle glabrous. PERAK, on Larut Peak, alt. 2-2500 ft., Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale. (No. 2177). A shrub, 3-6 ft.—Possibly a variety of C.longipetiolatum, but the flowers are much larger. 14 Claoxylon sp.; leaves 5-6 by 2-24 in. membranous oblong acuminate scaberulous on both surfaces subserrate base acute 2-glandular, petiole 2-1 in., fruit about 3 in. diam. 3-lobed hoary crustaceous. Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. 15. Claoxylon sp.; stem very stout, shoots hoary, leaves very large 12-16 by 5-7 in. oblong acute or obtuse quite entire or sinuate-serrate base broad rounded or subcordate eglandular, nerves very spreading scaberulous above nearly glabrous beneath, petiole 6-10 in. stout, racemes peduncled, hoary, flowers (very young) minute. Cacuak, Keenan. PEGU, Kurz. A very large robust species, possibly a form of C. Ahasianum. 46. ACALYPHA, Linn. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, toothed or crenate, rarely entire, penninerved or 3-5-plinerved. Flowers minute, in axillary or ter- minal racemes, or females 1-2 in a peduncled solitary bract, monoecious, rarely diccious, apetalous; males very minute, ebracteate; fem. at the base of the male spike, or in separate spikes, often at the base of large accrescent leafy bracts. Marx FL. Disk 0. Calyx membranous, splitting into 4 valvate sepals. Stamens many, often 8, on a convex receptacle, filaments free ; anther-cells divaricate, often twisted or flexuous. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Sepals 3-4, imbricate, often minute. Ovary 3-celled; styles filiform, often very long and laciniate or fimbriate; ovules 1 in each cell- Capsule of 3 minute 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds subglobose, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species upwards o 220, tropical and subtropical. * Fem. bracts solitary, very large, 2-flowered. 1, A. Dalzellii, Hook. f:; shrubby, glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate obtuse base cuneate obscurely crenate, bract very large orbicular- reniform 2-fld., peduncle capillary. The Concan ?, Dalzell. , Much branched, branches terete, bark brown. Leaves 2-3 in., membranous, 3-5- plinerved, nerves very slender; petiole 4-1 in., very slender. Bracts (female flower- ing) i-i in. diam. , quite entire; peduncles }-1 in. ; sepals lanceolate, ciliate ; ovary glabrous, 3-4-celled ; styles pectinately laciniate, 4 in. long.—A very remarkable Acalypha.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 415 species, of which there are fem. specimens and a good drawing in Dalzell’s Herbarium, but without locality. In the drawing two specimens are represented, one with an- drogynous spikes, each consisting of one female bract, and a very slender rachis with minute male flowers; the other is wholly female, and bears solitary axillary long- peduncled fem. bracts. ** Fem. spikes with many bracts. 2. A. paniculata, Miguel FI. Ind. Bat. i.i. 406 ; leaves long-petioled ovate acuminate, male fl. in axillary filiform long spikes, fem. fl. in axillary and ierminal racemes or panicles, bracts minute not enlarged in fruit. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 802. A. racemosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7784; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 449. A. Wallichiana, Thwaites Enum, 271. A. filiformis, Heyne mss.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 83. DECCAN PENINSULA; from Malabar southward. CEYLON ; ascending to 3000 ft. —Disrrip. Java, Trop. Africa. An undershrub or herb, finely pubescent. Leaves 2-6 in., coarsely unequally crenate-serrate ; petiole 1-4 in. Male spikes solitary, 2-6 in., dense-fld.; fem. racemes or panicles capillary ; bracts scattered, 3-fld., ovate, obtuse, shorter than the pedicels, Sepals of fem. gland-ciliate, ovate-lanceolate, at length reflexed. Capsule vz in. diam., 3-lobed, glandular; styles 3-7-partite, Seeds reticulately pitted.— Mueller points out that Heyne’s unpublished name of racemosa, as taken up by Baillon, is the oldest, but not applicable.— Mueller has described as forma depauperata (Linnæa xxxiv. 8) a starved state from the Nilghiries with weak reduced axillary male and female inflorescence. 3. A. fruticosa, Forsk. Fl. Æg. Arab. 161; shrubby, stem glabrous, leaves ovate acute or subacute crenate glabrous and glandular beneath, spikes axillary short, bracts of fem. few lax 1-fld. many-toothed, enlarged in fruit. Muell Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 822; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 397. A. betulina, Retz. Obs. v. 30; Thwaites Enum. 271. A. amentacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 676. A. capitata, Wall. Cat. 7783 B. DECCAN PENINSULA, Heyne, &e. Peau, MARTABAN and Ava, Kurz. CEYLON, waites, &e.—DIsTRIB. Arabia, Trop. Africa. A strong-smelling shrub, more or less covered with yellow waxy glands; shoots and spikes pubescent. Leaves 1-3 in., crenate, obtuse or subacute, base usually acute ; petiole much shorter than the limb. Spikes 3-1 in., solitary, bracteate and 2-bracteolate, usually male with a few fem. fl. at the base. Sepals of male pubescent. Ovary hairy and glandular ; styles with filiform arms. Capsules tomentose. Seeds smootb.— Habit of 4. alnifolia, but the stems and leaves beneath are glabrous, and the latter more or less glandular. I have seen no Burmese specimens. Large Specimens apparently of this species in male flower only, from the sea coast, Tinnevelly, Wight (Kew Distrib, 2619), have leayes 3 in. long, deeply crenate, the young only glandular beneath. 4. A. alnifolia, Klein mss.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 525; shrubby, stems pubescent and often ciliate with long deciduous hairs, leaves ovate acute serrate pubescent above and usually tomentose beneath, male spikes axillary slender dense-fld. fem. terminal sessile capitate, bracts 1-Ad. 6-9-toothed longer than the Howers, styles very long fimbriate or plumose with short capillary branches. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 843; Baill. Etudes Gen. Huphorb. 442; Wall. Cat. 7782; Wight in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 31.1.29. A. capitata, Willd. & Muell. ll. c. Wall. Cat. 7783 A. The DECCAN PENIN ; Heyne, &c. . A small shrub, eglandulan, Leaves 12 in., sometimes almost orbicular, base Tounded or subcordate variable in hairiness; petiole rarely half the length of the blade. Male spikes 1-3 in.; fem. of few obtusely lobed imbricating bracts. Sepals VOL. v. ? Ee 416 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) (Acalypha. of male pubescent. Capsule hispid. Seeds suhglobose.—] can find no good cha- racters whereby to separate capitata from alnifolia. Mueller distinguishes the latter by the longer petioles and deeper lobed bracts. 5, A. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1003; herbaceous, pubescent, leaves long- petioled ovate or rhombic-ovate crenate-serrate, spikes all axillary andro- gynous elongate, male A. few minute terminal, bracts many distant large broad 3-5-fld. truncate crenate much larger than the capsules. Muell. Arg. in DU, Prodr. xv. ii. 868; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 675; Wight Ic. t. 871; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 186; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 228. A. spicata, Forsk. Fl, Æg. Arab.160. A. ciliata & A. canescens, Wall. Cat. 7779 and 7185. Hotter parts of Inp1a from Behar eastwards to Assam and southwards to Singa- pore and Burma ; and from the Concan to Travancore. CEYLON, common in fields. —DISTRIB. westwards to Tropical Africa, and eastwards to Timor and the Philip- pines. . . Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., acute or obtuse, base cuneate entire; petiole slender, often longer than the blade. Spikes 1-8 in., slender, erect; bracts 1-3 m. diam., cuneiform, many-nerved. Ovary hispid. Capsules quite concealed by the bract, often only 1-seeded, hispid. Seed ovoid, acute, smooth. 6. A. brachystachya, Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 909; herbaceous, flaccid, nearly glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate subacute crenate-serrate, spikes all axillary sessile very short androgynous, male fl. very few terminal minute, fem. bracts few 2-3-fid. crowded at the base of the spike very large cut into 3 linear spreading l-nerved obtuse lobes, styles pectinately laciniate. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 870. n conferta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 677. A. calyciformis, Herb. Wight, and A. fissa, Herb. Madr., Wall. Cat. 7786. Tragia tenuis, Herb. Madr.; Wall. Cat. 7787. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 4-8000 ft.; from Kashmir to Nepal, Wallich, &c. The Krasti Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Deccan PENINSULA, from Canara southwards, . CEYLON, Walker.—DisTRIB. Java, Trop. Africa. . . A flaccid annual, 6-12 in. Leaves 1-3 in., membranous, acute obtuse or acuminate ; petiole often longer than the blade. Bracts forming axillary clusters, each i-i m. long; lateral segments shorter, all spreading. Male flowers in minute clusters n the very short filiform apex of the Spike. Capsules hispid, quite concealed in the large green bracts. Seeds subglobose, nearly smooth. 7. A. malabarica, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 42, and in DC Prodr. xv. ii. 871; herbaceous, flaccid, stem pubescent, leaves long-petiole ovate subacute subserrate, spikes all axillary sessile short androgynous, ma e fl. very few terminal minute, bracts 3-7 alternate 92—5-fld. glabrous many- toothed and bordered with slender gland-tipped hairs rather longer than the capsules. A. hispida, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne, Law. A rather stout leafy annual, 4-6 in.; stem stout. Leaves lj-2 in., base cuneata, glabrous; petiole longer than the blade, Spikes } in., male portion with few mine glabrous flowers, Bracts } in. broad, separated by short intervals. Seeds globose y ovoid, obscurely granulate.— The more entire leaves, shorter sessile spikes, 9? deeper glabrous 2—3-fld. bracts distinguish this from A. lanceolata. 8. A. fallax, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 43, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 872; herbaceous, leaves long or short-petioled from rhombic- : orbicular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, spikes PERRO RAL I Acalypha. ] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 417 axillary sessile or peduncled androgynous, male fl. few terminal minute, bracts many dense or remote 1-fld. hispid many-toothed often bordered with gland-tipped hairs rather shorter thau the capsules. A. lanceolata, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 594. A. Wightiana, Muell. Arg. ll. e. A. hispida, Herb. Wight and Thwaites Enum, 971. A. ciliata & lanceolata, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7780. A. flexuosa, Herb. Wight. A. virginiana, Herb. Russell in Wall. Cat. 7779 G. A. corchorifolia, Vahl mss. in Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb, 443. A. boehmerioides, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 459. A. apicans, floribunda, villosa & collina, Heyne mss. in Herb. Rottler.—Wall. at. 7778. The DECCAN PENINSULA; from Mysore and the Circars southward, common, Klein, Heyne, &c. Burma, at Melloon, Wallich. CEYLON, common. DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, &c. L. Annual, 6-18 in. high, usually branched from the base, flaccid or rather rigid, more or less pubescent and with sometimes long deciduous hairs on the stem as in A. alnifolia. Leaves very variable, 1—4 in., membranous; petiole shorter or longer than the limb. Spikes 1-5 in.; male fl. in a minute head concealed by the upper- most bracts, or produced into a minute spike; bracts 3-2 in. diam., always 1-fld., 9-12-toothed, Capsule hispid, styles rather short, laciniate. Seeds globosely ovoid, nearly smooth, —I am very doubtful as to the name this species should bear; it is a most variable plant, and I am sure that all the synonyms quoted above belong to it. The three extreme forms are (1) a short robust state, with small elliptic leaves not above 1 in. long with the blade longer than the petiole; (2) a common form with broad leaves and elongate long-peduncled lax-fld. spikes, and (3) an often more lanceo- late-leaved form with shorter sessile dense-fld. spikes. "The flowers and fruit are the same in all. 9. A. ciliata, Forsk. Fl. Æg. Arab. 162; herbaceous, leaves long- petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate, spikes all axillary sessile short androgynous, male fl. few minute terminal, bracts crowded 1-2-fd. longer than the capsules with many nerves ending in long subulate hispid teeth. Muel. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 44, and in DC. Prodr. xv. u. 873; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 676; Wight & Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. (1839) 111, t. 5; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 228; Thwaites Enum. 971 (excl. syn.) A. fimbriata, Schum. Beskr. 409; Baill. Rec. Obs. Bot. i. 272. A. ciliata, Herb, Heyne, and A. rubra, Herb. Wight, in Wall. Cat. 7781. i Western HIMALAYA, alt. 3-6000 ft., from Kashmir to Garwhal. BANDA, Edge- worth. The DECCAN PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. CEYLON, not un- common.— Disrrrs. Arabia, Tropical Africa. . . Annual, 1-2 ft., rather stout, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., omoun candate-acuminate, base cuneate or rounded; petiole usually longer than the i ade. Spikes rarely 1 in. long; bracts (like the calyx of a Labiate plant) hispid or glabrous, pale, teeth as long as the limb. Ovary sparsely hispid. Capsule glabrous ; oy Y quin, white, glabrous, twisted after dehiscence. Seeds globosely ovoid, nearly ooth. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. ol A. HISPIDA, Burm. Fl. Ind. 303, t. 61, f. 1; Muell. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 815 (Caturus spiciflorus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 760), with very long spikes, minute bracts, and very long styles, is a garden plant only in India. A. CYLINDRICA, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 628, is doubtfully referred by Mueller (in DC. l. e. 880) to the Brazilian A. Poiretii, Spr. 47. ADENOCHLENA, Baill. Trees or shrubs, glabrous or stellately tomentose. Leaves alternate, 418 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Adenochlena. penni- or tripli-nerved, quite entire. Flowers in terminal or axillary spici- form racemes, or capitate, monccious, males many clustered, females few, at the base of the spike. Disk 0. Marx rr. globose in bud. Sepals 4—6, valvate. Stamens 4—6, filaments free, exserted ; anthers dorsifixed, versatile ; cells adnate to the thick connective, parallel. Pistil/ode columnar. Frm. FL. Sepals 5-8, narrow, very unequal, sometimes accrescent and pinnatisect. Ovary 3-celled; styles long, connate below, spreading and bifid above with recurved plumosely papillose multifid arms; ovules lin each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci. Seeds estrophiolate, subglobose, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 4 or 5, Indian and Malayan. P Secr. I. Leaves penninerved. Fruiting calyx unaltered. SYMPHYLLIA, aill. 1. A. silhetiana, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 308; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, subpanduriformly oblanceolate acuminate from a con- tracted cordate base, spikes terminal interrupted, flowers densely clustered sessile on short lateral thickened branchlets glabrous. Symphyllia silhe- tiana, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 474, t. 11, £. 6, 7; Muell. Arg. in DC. por i ii. 764, Cluytia semperflorens, Wall. mss. (not Roab.).— Wall. at. 9095. Kuasia Mrs., Wallich, Griffith. Branches stout, woody, finely stellate tomentose, as are the petioles and rachis of the racemes. Leaves 6-10 by 14-24 in., thinly coriaceous, contracted above the 2-auricled base; midrib and 12-15 pairs of arched anastomosing nerves very pro- minent beneath; petiole 45-3 in., very stout. Racemes stout, erect, 2-6 in. long ; rachis quite naked between the clusters of flowers; bracteoles minute, pubescent ; flowers 4!; in. diam. ; sepals 4, ovate ; disk with a few hairs; pistillodesmall. Ovary stellately tomentose ; styles united below in a column, arms pubescent. Capsule unknown. Var. trichantha, Muell. l.c. ; flowers smaller stellately tomentose. Kurz For. Fl. ji, tect er Helfer.— Possibly a different species, but the specimen is too ect. 2. A. indica, Beddome mss.; leaves short- or long-petioled elliptic or oblong obtuse, spikes lateral and terminal interrupted, flowers densely clustered scurfily puberulous. Cephalocroton indicum, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 261. Symphylli llotiformi j j xiv. 136, and in DU. Pl "A y mT iformis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xx Deccan PENINSULA; on the Ghats from Canara to Travancore. A large tree, branchlets puberulous, Leaves 3-7 in., greenish or pale brown when dry, rather shining above, tip often narrowed but obtuse, base rounded or narrowly cordate at the petiole; nerves 8 pair, strong beneath; petiole very variable in length, 3-4 in., rather thickened at the top. Spikes 2-6 in.; bracts minute; male buds globose, 5}; in. diam. ; stamens 4—5, large, exserted. Fem. fl. very rare, at the base of the spikes; sepals lanceolate, unequal, tomentose; ovary and style tomen- tose, the latter stout and often much longer than the sepals ; stigmas twice-forked, fimbriately papillose. Capsule subglobose, slightly scabrous, j in. diam.— Some specimens of this were distributed under * Herd. Ind. Or., Claoxylon, 14," and its re- semblance to Mallotus is singular. It is also singular that no specimens occur in Wight’s Herbarium, and that it has not been found in the Nilghiri Hills; the ** Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T.» specimens, obtained by G. Thomson's collectors in the Nilghiri and Kurg, are hence no doubt from the latter country. Sect, II. Fruitin l i ini ENTRO- Pe paar e ting calya accrescent, pectinately laciniate. C Adenochlena.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 419 3. A. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 270; branches leaves beneath and racemes finely stellate-tomentose, leaves subdeltoidly ovate or lanceolate acu- minate from a truncate or subcordate 3-plinerved base, male fl. in peduncled heads. Cephalocroton zeylanicus, Baill. Rec. Obs. Bot. 5, 148; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii, 763. Beddome Foresters Man. 206. Centrostylis zeylanica, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 470, t. 2, f. 28, 29. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 4—5000 ft., Thwaites. A suberect shrub; branches slender. Leaves membranous, 3-7 by 1-3 in., brown when dry, pale beneath; nerves 5-8 pairs above the basal, slender; petiole 4-1 in., slender; stipules minute, subreniform. Male fl. 3; in. diam., tomentose ; sepals 4-5, rarely 2, obtuse; filaments very stout; anthers large ; pistillode pubescent below. Fem. fl. larger than the males; sepals 5-6, flowering lobulate at the base, fruiting nearly lin. long with filiform purple gland-tipped segments; ovary tomentose, 3- lobed ; styles very large, much branched, branches clothed with long papilla. Capsule depressed, cocci rounded. Seeds subspheric, 3 in. diam., brown marbled with black. Ont should be disposed to keep up Baillon’s genus Centrostylis in a revision of the rder. EXCLUDED SPECIES. A. LEUCOCEPHALA, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 473. Cephalocroton leuco- cephalus, Muell. Arg. in DC. xv. ii. 762; Beddome Forester’s Man. 206, is a Mada- gascar plant, erroneously also ascribed to Ceylon. 48. CELODEPAS, Hassk. Trees. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire or toothed, penninerved. owers in axillary spicate clusters, monoecious or dicecious, apetalous ; fem. few at the base of the spike. Disk 0. Mate rr. Calye globose, splitting into 3-4 valvate segments. Stamens 4-8, filaments cuneately dilated from the base upwards, free or connate at the very base; anthers terminal, didymous, cells pendulous or spreading from the connective, introrse. Pistillode minute, protruded. Fem. rt. Calyx cupular, embracing the ovary, often enlarged in fruit; lobes 4-10, imbricate. Ovary 3-celled ; styles spreading, flattened, 2—multifid, lobes toothed or lacerate; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 3 2-valved stellately-pubescent cocci. Seeds sub- globose, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 3, South Indian and Malayan. 1. C. Wallichianum, Benth. in Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 1288; branchlets glabrous, leaves subsessile broadly oblong-lanceolate quite entire or sub- entire glabrous base cordate, spikes interrupted tomentose upper andro- gynous lower short female, anther-cells pendulous introrse, styles dilated. —Wall. Cat. 9098. Penana, Porter, 6-10in A tree ; branches glabrous, tips of shoots and petioles puberulous. Leaves " in., Coriaceous, shining, red-brown when dry, sometimes obscurely crenate near t naa herves 12-14 pairs arched, reticulate; petiole very short and thick or 0; stipu ns small, subulate, Spikes short, white-tomentose ; male fl. minute, globose, clustered em. few, solitary in small bracts, Filaments united at the base, dilated upwar mick Suddenly contracted at the tip; anther-cells small, diverging. Pistillode thick, truncate. Fem, calyx tomentose, lobes short ; styles thick, much larger than the vary, multifid, lobes papillosely fringed. 2. C. calycinum. Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 320, and Forester's Man. 207 ; branchlets fürfuraceously pubescent, leaves subsessile elliptic or linear- biong acuminate crenate-serrate, spikes scurfily pubescent, fem. calyx much enlarged in fruit, styles 2-fid lacerate. 420 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Calodepas. TINNEYELLY HILLS ; in forests, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. A tree. Leaves 5-7 in., thinly coriaceous, greenish when dry, base acute or contracted and subcordate ; petiole rarely } in., seurfy ; stipules subulate, lacerate. Male spikes 4-5 in. long, slender. Sepals 4. Stamens 4-5; filaments dilated up- wards with angular shoulders, connate below and adnate to the pistillode ; anther- cells divaricate. Fem. racemes short, few-fld. Sepals 5, concave, tomentose. Ovary pubescent. Capsule X in. diam., 3-lobed, stellately pubescent, fruiting broadly ovate, 3. C. ferrugineum ; branches petioles and capsules rusty-tomentose, leaves petioled linear-oblong obtusely acuminate quite entire base rounded fem. calyx closely embracing the young globose fruit. Maracoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5017). Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in., thin but stiff, dark brown and almost shining above when dry, with the nerves all raised, beneath a little pubescent, red-brown with 10-12 pairs of raised nerves and parallel cross-nervules; petiole 4-1 in. Racemes very short. Male fl. very minute; sepals 5, broad, villous; stamens with very short stout fila- ments greatly thickened in the middle; anther-cills ovoid, pendulous, diverging ; pistillode broadly conical. Fem. calyx very thick, globose, densely stellate to- mentose, valvately 3-lobed, crowned with the large densely branched corolliform stigmas, 4. C.? longifolium, Hook. f., branchlets petioles and spikes tomentose, leaves very shortly petioled linear-lanceolate acuminate subserrate strongly reticulate beneath, male fl. in small clusters on axillary peduncles, calyx stellately pubescent cup-shaped valvately 3-5-lobed, stamens 4-5, filaments connate below in a fleshy cup, free part triangular, anthers didymous horizontal. PERAK ; at Larut, King’s Collector. A tree, 20-30 ft. Leaves 6-10 by 1-1} in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded ; nerves 12-16 pairs, raised on both surfaces, strong beneath with strong cross-nervules ; petiole stout, 3-4 in. ; stipules very slender. Spikes 1-3 in., rachis stout; flowers very minute, ebracteate. 49. ALCHORNEA, Swartz. ‘Trees or shrubs, more or less pubescent. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, 3-5-pli- or penni-nerved, sometimes stipellate and usually glandular at the base above. Flowers small, clustered on simple or panicled terminal spikes or racemes, diœcious or moneecious, apetalous ; bracts minute. Dis usually 0. Mate rr. Calyx globose, splitting into 2-4 valvate segments. Stamens 6-8 or indefinite, filaments free or connate at the base; anthers dorsifixed, cells parallel or diverging. Pistillode 0. Fem. rL. Sepals 3-6, imbricate. Ovary 2-3- rarely 4-celled ; styles distinct, often very long, linear, entire, 2-fid or sparingly lobed; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 2-3 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds subglobose, estrophiolate, testa crusta- ceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 30, tropical. . Sect. I. STIPELLARIA. Leaves triple-nerved, stipellate. Female sepals 9-8. Disk O. Stamens 7-8, Styles tiliform. .. d; A. mollis, Muel/. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 168, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 11. 902; pubescent or tomentose, leaves long-petioled orbicular or broadly ovate cuspidate dentate or serrate pellucidly dotted, base rounded or cordate, ovary tomentose, capsules globose faintly 3-lobed smooth densely pubes- cent, seeds as broad as long dorsally compressed rugose. Stipellaria mo lis, Alehornea.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 421 Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 8. Rottlera mollissima, Wall. Cat. 7825. Sapium cordifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 693. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA, in hot valleys; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, Clarke. Assam, Masters. The Crroars, Roxburgh. A small tree; branches woody ; branchlets petioles leaves beneath and racemes finely pubescent or tomentose. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., with usually large glands at the base above ; petioles stout, 2-6 in., terete; stipules small, subulate; stipelle tin. Male racemes 4-6 in., very slender, pubescent ; buds ji, in. diam., globose, glabrous, grooved between the anthers; calyx membranous, glabrous, usually bursting irregularly. Fem. racemes 4-6 in., bracts small; base of calyx eglandular; sepals èin., lanceolate, pubescent; ovary tomentose, styles free nearly to the base. Cap- sules } in, diam.—I have seen no specimens from the Circars, and have no means of Verifying the citation of Roxburgh’s Sapium cordifolium. . 2 A. villosa, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 168, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 4. 902; pubescent or tomentose, leaves short-petioled ovate acuminate serrulate pellucidly dotted, base rounded cuneate or cordate, bracts and sepals narrowly lanceolate hispidly hairy all over, styles twice as long or more than the pubescent ovary, capsules globose faintly 3-lobed rather rough or smooth glabrous or puberulous, seeds nearly as broad as long dorsally compressed tubercled. A. Zollingeri, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. Ed. ii. 37. Stipellaria villosa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 4. Aparisth- mium sumatranum, Zécichb. f. et Zoll. in Retzia 37. Bleekeria Zollinger, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 407. Matacca, Cuming, Griffith, &e, (Kew Distrib. 4749), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1379) PERAK, Scortechini, Wray, &c. — DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. . . Branchlets and racemes pubescent, tomentose, or villous with spreading hairs. aves 4-6 in. broad, with or without basal glands; petiole 1-2 in.; stipelle 4 m, Male racemes slender, pubescent ; buds ;; in. diam., subglobose, hispid; flowers very minute; sepals 2-3, stamens 8. Fem. fl. including the capillary styles }-} in.; sepals and bracts together about 12, very unequal; ovary glabrous. Capsule size of pea. Var. glabrata; leaves glabrous beneath.— Penang, Curtis. Var. ? latisepala ; leaves pubescent on the nerves beneath only, sepals and bracts ovate obtuse or acute coarsely ciliate closely imbricate, styles shorter stouter.— Tenasserim, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4752).— Probably a different species. 3. A. discolor, Hook. f; branchlets petioles and racemes finely pubescent, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate nearly glabrous not pellucidly dotted red-purple beneath, ovary sparsely pubescent, styles unite form 3 their length.— Wall. Cat. 7777. Penana, Wallich, Walker; on Gool Hill, Curtis. boy , ranches woody. Leaves 4-6 in., base narrowed, green and glabrous a ove With usually basa] glands, beneath a fine vinous purple; nerves 6-7 pairs above ‘les ‘sal, slender, pubescent, cross-vervules raised ; petiole 2-5 in., very slender ; ae id. liform ; stipelle narrow. Male racemes 2—4 in., slender; buds j; in. diam., PM am. racemes slender; bracts subulate; calyx-base glandular ; sepals o, e one Subulate, unequal ; ovary glabrous with the style Lin. long. —Wallich’s specimens have icker opaque leaves, in which I do not see the pellucid glands. P 4. A. tiliæfolia, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxi. 168, and in DC. rodr. xv, ii, 903; branches petioles and racemes finely pubescent, leaves Ong petioled from broadly ovate to orbicular cuspidately acuminate or c udate dentate or serrate most minutely pellucidly dotted, ovary pubescent, 211.58 equalling the oblong or subglobose tubercled capsules, seeds obovoid- oblong nearly smooth. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 386. Stipellaria tilizefolia, Benth 422 cxxxv. EUPHORBIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Alchornea. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 4. Croton Chiamala, Wall. Cat. 7719.— Wall. Cat. 7829, 7995. SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; at the foot of the hills, J. D. H., Clarke. Buotan, Griffith. Assam, the Kuasia Mrs. and SILAET, Wallich, &c. TENASSERIM and ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. An evergreen shrub; branches rather slender, terete, woody; branchlets some- times tomentose. Leaves 6-10 in. broad, thin, base cuneate, rounded or cordate, pellucid glands very minute; base glandular or not; nerves pubescent; petiole slender, 2—4 in.; stipules filiform; stipelle subulate or O.. Male racemes very slender, 4-6 in., sparsely pubescent; buds globose, j!; in. diam., glabrous; o yx membranous, often bursting irregularly. Hem, fl. shortly pedicelled ; calyx- n» eglandular; sepals subulate-lanceolate, } in. long; ovary minutely tubercled; style free to the base. Capsules 4-2 in. long, very shortly pedicelled, 3-lobed, puberulous, green with purple tubercles. Sect. II. Crapopzs, Muell. Arg. Leaves penninerved, estipellate. Female sepals 4-6. Stamens 9-8. Styles shorter, flattened and lobed. 5. A. rugosa, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 170, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 905; glabrous, leaves petioled or sessile oblong-lanceolate or oblanceo- late acuminate gland-serrate, male racemes panicled rigid slender, stamens 5-8 few stout, styles very stout united in a short coluwn at the base, tips dilated entire or cleft, capsules tridymous glabrous. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 380. A. javensis, Muell. Arg. ll. c. Aparisthmium javense, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 235. Conceveibum javanense, Blume Bijd. 614. C. latifolium, Zipp. 1n Linnea xv. 949. Adelia glandulosa, Blanco Fl. Filip. 814.— Wall. Cat. 7732, 7792. Burma; at Amherst, Wallich. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. MALACCA, Gr igith (Kew Distrib. 4730, 4780), Maingay (1409).—DıstRIB. Eastward to China, the Malay Archipelago and Bouton Straits. t An undershrub (Maingay). Branches woody, terete, tips sparsely pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by 2-3 in., thinly coriaceous, puberulous on the midrib beneath, very obscurely and minutely pellucidly dotted; base contracted, sometimes subcordate 5 nerves 8-10 pair, slender, as are the cross-nervules beneath; petiole 0-1 in, ; stipu s subulate. Male spikes 4-8 in., strict; flowers minute, in distant clusters; sepas 3-4. Fem. spikes shorter, stouter; flowers very shortly pedicelled ; bracts minute, 2-glandular; sepals 6, broad, base subcordate; disk thick ; ovary 3-lobed, puberulous i style short, stout, arms twice as long as the rest of the ovary, thick, flattened an sparingly cleft. Capsule the size of a pea.—Maingay describes the style-arms as either entire or cleft. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 6. Alchornea sp.?; densely white-tomentose, leaves estipellate 2-3 10. oblong obtuse or subacute penninerved denticulate not pellucid-dotted base triple-nerved, petiole 1-1} in. slender, spikes terminal as long as the leaves, bracts minute, sepals 4 in. narrowly oblong closely imbricate, ovary pubes- cent 3-celled, style stout, stigmas 3 long revolute.— Perak, Scortechini. The fem. spikes resemble the catkin of a willow, the flowers resembling wilo pistils. The specimens are in a very young state, and in fem. fl. only. The play ve very unlike anything I know, and 1 hope it may be recognized by the abo diagnosis. 50. PODADENT a, Thwaites. A large villous tree. Leaves alternate, broad, quite entire, penninerved. Flowers in terminal tomentose bracteate glandular paniculate race dicecious, apetalous; males clustered; fem.subsolitary. Disk 0. MALE Podadenia.] ^ cxxxv. gvPHoRBrACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 423 Calyx glandular, ovoid or globose, acuminate, splitting into 3-4-valvate segments. Stamens many, in a convex receptacle, filaments free, mixed vith glands ; anther-cells distinct, pendulous from a projecting acuminate connective. Pistillode 0. Fem. rr. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Staminodes subulate. Ovary 3-celled; styles very large, long, recurved, entire, papillose - on the inner surface; ovules l in each cell. Fruit subglobose, flesky, inde- hiscent, covered with sessile or stipitate glands. Seeds large, oblong, testa bony, aril large white fleshy, albumen copious ; cotyledons flat. P. sapida, Thwaites Enum. 274. P. Thwaitesii, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 791. Rottlera Thwaitesii, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 426 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 282. CEYLON; at Ambagamowa and near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. , A tall tree; shoots and panicles tawny villously tomentose. Leaves 5-10 by 2}- 5 in., coriaceous, dark brown when dry (as is the whole plant), obovate, abruptly acuminate, hairy beneath, midrib above tomentose, base narrowed; nerves 10-12 pair, spreading ; petiole 3-2 in., terete, tomentose. Panicles large, spreading, tomen- tose, and with many red long.stipitate glands. Flowers red, males ł in. diam. Ovary globose, tomentose ; styles long, stout, twisted. Fruit reddish, subspherical, li in. diam., clothed with long fleshy projections terminating in peltate discoid glands. Seeds 3 in. long, brown. 51. TRE WIA, Linn. „Trees, soft-wooded. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate- or orbicular-cordate, Quite entire, 3-5-plinerved. Flowers rather large, developed before the eaves, dioecious, apetalous; males in lax lateral bracteate racemes, one 1n each bract; fem. solitary on a long peduncle, or racemose. Disk 0. Mate r^ Calyx globose, splitting into 3-4 broad concave often reflexed segments. Stamens numerous, on a convex receptacle, filaments free ; anthers dorsifixed, oblong, cells contiguous parallel. Pistitlode 0. Frm FL. Sepals 3-5, broad, mbricate, caducous. Ovary 2-4-celled ; styles connate below, very long, rete, entire, papiliose all over ; ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit 2-4-celled, eshy, indehiscent or loculicidal, endocarp crustaceous. Seeds ovoid, testa ard, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.— Species 2, Indian. L T. nudiflora, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3, Append. 1661; fem. fl. solitary w long-peduncled, fruit globose 1-1} in. diam., pericarp very thick. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xy. ii. 953; Koxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 887; Wight le. 4 1870-1 (exel. fem. fl.) ; Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 18, f. 18-23; Brand. Cor Fl. 443; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 379; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 859; Grah. at. Bomb, Pl.185; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 231; Wall. Cat. 7816, 7817. Renn tophylla, Roth Nov. Sp. 373. T. macrostachya, Klotzsch in Bot. eise Pr. Wald. 117, t. 23. Rottlera indica, Willd. in Gótting. Diar. Tete Nat. i. 8, t. 3; A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 9, f. 29 C ; Wall. Cat. 7837. t dg astris ossea, Gertn. Fruct, ii. 130, t. 109, f. 5.— Rheede Hort. Mal. i. Co Ass mmon in the hotter parts of India from Kumaon southward, and eastward to AM, MALACCA and CEYLON.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. ü leave: arge deciduous tree, more or less tomentose or woolly, shoots and sometimes nearly beneath and inflorescence clothed with flocculent cottony wool, a others len 7 glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in. long and often as broad, variab'e in propor ion o fone to breadth, membranous, base rounded or cordate; petiole 1-3 in ale usually, 3-8 in.; flowers 1-j in. diam. ; pedicels slender, as long or longer. em. fl. long. " solitary, peduncle sometimes 4 in. long ; ovary densely lanate; styles i-i in. icf ost woody.— There are, I think, two varieties of this, both common, 424 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) | Trewia. one much more densely cottony than the other. There is also a small leaved state. j ii ; fl. in short 2. T. polycarpa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 319; fem. : racemes, fruit ovoid or subglobose } in. diam., pericarp thin. T. nudiflora, Wight Ic. t. 1871 (the fem. fl. only); Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 281. The Concan, Law, Stocks, &c. . Leaves subopposite, of the form of T. nudiflora, but faintly puberulous beneath, sometimes 8 in. diam.; petiole very slender. Fem. racemes many-fld. . oan it celled ; styles 3-3 in. long. Fruiting racemes 2-3 in.; pedicels about j in. $ in. diam., densely finely tomentose; pericarp crustaceous, loculicidal. THE FOLLOWING SPECIES ARE ALTOGETHER DOUBTFUL. T. DISCOLOR, Smith in Rees Cyclop. xxvi.; leaves ovate entire minutely densely tomentose, minutely punctate above white beneath, panicles terminal, male lis villous, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 954. — E. Indies ?—Mueller suggests being Mallotus Apelta or M. paniculatus. T. HERNANDIFOLIA, Roth Nov. Sp. 874, is probably Macaranga indica, Wight. T. RUsCIFLORA, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 374. "Thisisundeterminable generically by the description. Mueller, Arg. (in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 954), suggests it being a Mallotus. 52. COCCOCERAS, Miquel. Trees. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, 3-plinerved. Flowers 3 axillary and terminal racemes, dicecious, apetalous; males clustered, sub- sessile; fem. lax, pedicelled. Disk 0. Matz rr. Calyx globose, splitting into 3-6 valvate sepals. Stamens 15-20, on a couvex receptacle, filaments free; anthers dorsifixed, cells distinct parallel. Pistillode 0. Fem. n Sepals 5, lanceolate, imbricate. Ovary 3-celled ; styles spreading, hispi ; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule hard, depressed, the ribbed angles sometime horned or produced horizontally, at length loculicidally 3-valved. See subglobose or compressed, estrophiolate, testa smooth crustaceous.—Species 3, Malayan. In a Bornean species apparently of this genus (Beccari 2502) the leaves are not triple-nerved. l. C. muticum, Muell. Arg. in Fora 1864, 470, and in DC. Prodr. xv. li. 950; quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic- or cuneate-oblong obtusely acuminate quite entire, nerves 5-7 pairs above the basal, fruiting racemes short, fruit shortly pedicelled triquetrous. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib, 4770). . land- Branches woody. Leaves 5-6 in., pale grey when dry, most minutely g "the dotted beneath, base minutely cordate; petiole 2-24 in. Fruiting racemes (in m- solitary specimen) 1} in., pedicels i in. Fruit (immature) 1 in. long, lobes 0p a pressed, acutely keeled, broader than long; top broadly rounded or truncate wi very short style.—Griffith in a note says the sepals are 6 reflexed. 8- Var. ? pedicellata ; leaves with 3-4 nerves above the basal, fruiting jupe ost 12 in., pedicels 1 in.—Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4789).— The leaves are à nt identieal with those of C. muticum, but the racemes so very different that I exp this will prove a distinct species, which may be called C. pedicellatum. It is in very young fruit only. 2. €. plicatum, Muell. Arg. in Flora 1864, 539, and in DC. ren XV. 11. 950; shoots racemes and young leaves beneath finely tomen ate, leaves shortly petioled elliptic or oblong obtusely acuminate cren?» Üoccoceras.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 425 racemes equalling or longer than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicelled. Pr in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. 217. Hymenocardia plicata, Kurz For. . ii. 395. From Peau to TENASSERIM ; in swamp-forests, M* Clelland, &c. A tree, Leaves 4-6 in., dark brown when dry, most minutely gland-dotted beneath, base rounded or subcordate, nerves 4-6 pair above the basal Racemes slender. Male Ji. $ in. diam., clustered, shortly pedicelled; sepals membranous, concave, glabrous; stamens very numerous in a globose mass, filaments very short. em f. larger, pedicelled ; sepals minute, subulate, ciliate; ovary 3-gonous; styles 2-3 fimbriate. Fruit not seen, 53. CHELODISCUS, Baill. Shrubs or small trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves opposite, or alternate by the suppression of one, broadly ovate or orbicular, often long- petioled, 3-7-plinerved. Flowers bracteate in axillary spikes or racemes, small, dicecious, apetalous; males clustered in the bracts, fem. solitary. Disk 0. Marx rt, Sepals 3, valvate. Stamens 20 or more, surrounding a naked central receptacle, filaments free; anthers small, oblong, erect, cells Parallel, introrse. Pisti/lode 0. FEM. FL. Sepals 3, narrow. Ovary 2-5- celled; styles stout, erect, entire; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of 3 tomentose or spinous 2-valved cocci, separating from a central axil. Seeds Subglobose; testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy, cotyledons broad flat.— pectes 5 or 6, Indian and Malayan. Differs from Mallotus in the stamens surrounding a naked disk and the usually oblong anthers with the cells contiguous. l. C. montanus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 759; softly tomen- tose, leaves opposite or subopposite long-petioled 3—7-plinerved ovate-cor- ate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate sinuate-toothed minutely glandular heath, male spikes and fem. racemes short stout, stamens in one series, laments long villous, capsule smooth tridymous densely stellate-tomentose. Croton montanus, Wall. Cat. 7723 B. Ricinus dioicus, Wall. Cat. 7828; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb, 294. Penang, Wallich, Porter, &c. A shrub or small tree, 18-25 ft.; branches terete. eaves in rather remote etal pairs, or with one of the pairs replaced by a branch or raceme, rather thin, "S greenish when dry; the broadest ovate-cordate, 7 by 4 in., narrowest 8. y “2 m, base rounded cuneate or cordate, upper surface scaberulously tomentose ; peno e Stout, 1-3 in. Racemes axillary or supra-axillary or nearly leaf-opposed ; ma d d abo, nacta minute; flowers in remote clusters of 2-3, subsessile, ovoid cute slend. 8 In. long; sepals 3, unequal, ovate lanceolate ; stamens about 25, fruit n iL quite free to the base, anthers didymous, connective inconspicuons i ron n 98e at the back of the anther; central receptacle orbicular, nearly at cocci l emes more robust; sepals 3, tomentose. Capsule 4-2 in. diam., depresses» lera Blobose, Seeds globose, smooth.—Thwaites, while referring this to his /tottle *rlocarpa, remarks of it that it differs in the hairy filaments. 2. €. lappaceus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 393; densely furfuraceously to- ieee leaves opposite 4-8 in. ovate or broadly oblong entire or obscurely st and denticulate, racemes short axillary, bracts linear, ovary 3—4-ce e , denen crowded on the rec:ptacle, filaments glabrous short, capsules sessile ned with long soft villous filaments. Mallotus lappaceus, Muel/. Arg. DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 957. Croton letus, Wall. Cat. 7738. Rottlera lap- » Wall. Cat. 7845, 426 CXXXV. EvuPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Caelodiscus. Burma; at Segain and Yenanghur, Wallich, Griffith.—DrisTRIB. Yunan. " A shrub; branches very stout, herbaceous. Leaves obtuse or acute, base 4 use or rounded, above pubescent, at length scaberulous; nerves 4-6 pair above the asl nearly straight and reticulated, cross-nervules all very strong; petiole 2-3 eo in. stipules linear. Male racemes 3-4 in., peduncled ; bracts subulate ; flowers "id diam.,stellately villous, sepals acute ; stamens very numerous, mixed with long eid anthers orbicular, connectives broad, cells touching above and below. Fem. spikes short, dense-fld. Capsule about $ in. diam, cocci thin. Seeds small, smooth. Kurz describes the leaves as having occasionally an acute lobe on each side. 3. C. hirsutulus, Kurz For. Fi. ii. 393; branchlets hispid, leaves very long petioled orbicular-cordate entire or repand-toothed 5—¢-plinerver sparingly hispid on both surfaces with long white scattered hairs, ma o spikes short sessile dense-fld., flowers tawny tomentose, stamens sur rounding a central area. Mallotus longipes, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxw. 193, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 969. Peau; from Prome, Wallich, to Irawaddi, Kurz. " A low simple-stemmed deciduous-leaved shrub or undershrub, branchlets eony pressed. Leaves 5-7 in. diam., thinly coriaceous, sparingly and obscurely oon dotted beneath ; nerves 3—4 pair above the basal, very strong beneath with s rong cross-nervules and reticulations; petiole 1 foot, stout, hispid. Male spikes à in.j buds globose; stamens very many.—Description chiefly from Kurz. 4. C. glabriusculus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 393; branchlets slender DA berulous, leaves glabrous broadlv elliptie rarely ovate subentire 3-plinerv base rounded or cordate eglandular, male spikes very short oblong or globose, flowers tawny-tomentose, stamens surrounding a central area. Prev and MARTABAN, Kurz. : A small deciduous-leaved shrub; branchlets compressed. Leaves 3-6 by 2-5 "M thinly coriaceous, rarely ovate-lanceclate, glabrous on both surfaces except t le midrib above when young (sparingly hirsute beneath, Kurz); nerves slender; potio" 1-4 in., stellately pubescent, at length glabrous; stipulessetaceous. Sepals glabro within and orange-coloured. Stamens very numerous.— Description chiefly from Kurz. 5. C. longipes, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 393; branchlets pubescent, leaves very long-petioled from orbicular to elliptic-obovate cordate 5-9-plinerv? entire or sinuate crenate glabrous above and beneath except the stellate y pubescent at length glabrous nerves eglandular, petiole tomentose, racemes pubescent, flowers long pedicelled tawny-tomentose, ovary 2-3-celled, cap sules very long pedicelled tridymous shortly muricate. Prev to MARTABAN and AVA, Kurz, 1 A low deciduous-leaved shrub, 1-2 ft., rootstock stout strong, shoots dense Y pubescent, branchlets compressed. Leaves 3-4 in. long and often as broad, "lar branous, young stellately pubescent, nerves slender; petiole }-3 in. Racemes di we or from the base of the stem, or supra-axillary ; flowers orange-yellow 5 wn itely 1-3 in., pubescent ; stamens very numerous, glabrous; ovary muricate and stel n , hispid ; stigmas sessile, crimson, papillose, Capsules } iu. diam., peduncle stout 2-4) ue, cocci thickly erustaceous, densely stellately hispid. Seeds subspherical, brown, oe once aril white fleshy.— Description chiefly from Kurz. The short petioles, and abse of long hairs on the leaf and inflorescence distinguish this at once from hirsutulus, which is Mueller’s Mallotus longipes. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. m 758; C. sPEciosus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 154, and in DC. Prodr. xv. S nOg branches and petioles flocculently tomentose, leaves alternate 44-7} in. mem Celodiscus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 427 peltate orbicular-ovate cuspidate entire or 3-lobed denticulate softly appressed-tomen- tose and ashy -white beneath, petiole as long as the limb, racemes elongate bisexual white-tomentose, bracts sublinear, pedicels very short, fem. calyx thrice as large as the male very unequally 3—5-fid, stamens about 60, filaments long, connectives thick papillose, central receptacle broad naked, ovary ellipsoid pubescent, styles papillose within.— East Indies (Herd. Lenormand).—Description from Mueller. From the peltate limb this may be sought amongst Malloti. Mueller says it is something like M. barbatus, but that it wants a fem. disk, that the male has an intrastaminal disk, and that the ovary is not softly echinate. C. THuNBERGIANUS, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 758; Beddome Forester’s Man. 206; branchlets glabrous, young compressed angled and rusty-pubescent, leaves Opposite not peltate in very unequally petioled pairs ovate cuspidate or acuminate base rounded contracted or subcordate entire crenulate or repand-toothed glabrous above beneath glandular-dotted and with the nerves roughly puberulous, stipules small subulate, petiole 6-10 times shorter than the limb, racemes slender long- peduncled rusty puberulous shorter than the leaves, bracts short few-fld., male fl. sub- ellipsoid } in. long, stamens about 100 polyadelphous, connective apiculate glandular, central naked area broad.—Ceylon, Herb. Thunberg.—Habit of Mallotus eriocarpus, ut more robust and polyandrous. Mueller l.c. It is unknown to Thwaites. 53. MALLOTUS, Lour. Trees orshrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire toothed or 3-lobed Penninerved or 3-7-plinerved, peltate or not, often glandular-dotted beneath, and sometimes with glandular areas at the base above. Flowers small or minute, dicecious or moncecious, in axillary or terminal simple or panicled Spikes or racemes, apetalous ; males clustered, fem. solitary in the bracts. Disk usually 0. MALE Fr. Calyx globose or ovoid, valvately 3—5-partite. tamens 90-30 or ‘more, crowded on a central flat or convex receptacle, ments free; anthers small, dorsifixed, cells globose or shortly oblong Darallel adnate to and often widely separated by the thickened connective. Pistillode 0 or very minute. Fem. Fr. Calyx spathaceous or valvately 3-6- lobed or partite. Ovary 2-4-celled; styles free or connate below, spreading or recurved, entire plumose or papillose ; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule of ; rarely 4, 2-valved smooth tubercled echinate spinous or paleaceous cocci. eds ovoid oblong or globose, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons Toad, flat. — Species about 70 in the tropics of the Old World. It is very difficult toarrange the species of this genus in a natural manner, and the Owing attempt will require modification when the species are better known. " Sect. I. Buumzopenproy. Disk glandular in both sexes. Seeds with a ick fleshy coat, natti M. Kurzii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves very coriaceous ter- eyma Whorled triple-nerved elliptic or subcordate obtusely cuspidate, male Toke „very short fasciclel not viscid, buds globose. Blumeodendron okbrai, Kurz For. Fl, ji. 391 (not of Mueller). CD AMAN ISLANDS, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 5010), Kurz. ?PERAK, King's ector, ie evergreen tree, 40-60 ft. Leaves 6-10 by 3-6 in., pale brown when dry and z ngh base rounded or subacute ; nerves 4-6 pair above the basal, very strong eig ^ diverging in the Perak specimens, nearly straight in the Andaman ones, ale oles very faint; petiole 14-2 in., very stout, swollen at the base and top. iin "ames 1-1 in., with a very short stout peduncle; pedicels as long. Perianth aam., 2-3-valved ; receptacle convex, covered with tumid glands between the ents. Stamens 20-30; anthers nearly orbicular, connective rather broad, slits foll 428 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mallotus- nearly lateral.—I have seen no fem. fl. or fruit of this apparently very distinct species, which ditfers from M. Tokbrai in the much larger thickly coriaceous leaves, short not viscid male cymes, very much larger male flowers and globose perianth. Kurz describes the capsule as almost globose, 2-3-coccous, about 1-14 in. diam., brown, glossy, fibrous-woody ; and seeds as purple, covered with a thick spurious ar The Perak plant has shorter petioles, larger leaves with 6 pairs of nerves above the basal, and larger flowers than the Tenasserim ones, and may be a different species. Sect. II. Evmarrorus. Disk 0, or if present annular or cupular. Seeds without a fleshy coat. A. Capsules echinate, tubercled, or clothed with soft spines or bristles. (Capsule unknown in 20. leptostachyus, 91. Clellandii, 22. filiformis, 29. pu- berulus, 24. bracteatus, and 34. Kingii.) * Leaves 4-14 in. broad, broadly triangular-ovate orbicular or "hom Bw, 3-5-plinerved, tomentose beneath. Racemes or panicles much longer than the leaves. 2. M. barbatus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 184, and in DC Prodr. xv. ii. 997 ; branches petioles and racemes softly floceulently woo y leaves alternate very large peltate suborbicular palmatinerved short Y 3-lobed densely white stellate-tomentose, racemes terminal elongate, maa calyx unequally 4—5-toothed, fem. 4-cleft, capsule globose densely clothe with layers of stellate hairs. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 981; Beddome Forester $ Man. 208. Rottlera barbata, Wall. Cat. 7822; Baill. Gen. Euphorb. 423.— Wall. Cat. 7820. UPPER TrNassERIM, Kurz; Amherst, Wallich. PrRAK, King’s Collector, Wray SINGAPORE, Lobb. Prnane, Wallich. Nizeurrt Mrs.?, Noton. The Conca, Stocks.—DisTRIB. Java. . n A low shrub (Kurz); branchlets very robust. Leaves 8-14 in. diam., dark bean or green above when dry and tomentose or flocculent when yourg, beneath near y white, with 9-11 basal, and several pairs of lateral much raised nerves and red nervules; lobes acute. Racemes 6-10 in. ; peduncle and rachis stout ; bracts thic , obtuse; male fl. } in. broad ; fem. as long; calyx short 4-cleft. Capsules $ in. diam. Seeds + in. long, broadly oblong, black, opaque. 3. M. Roxburghianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 186, and » DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 962; stellately pubescent or tomentose, leaves largo alternate long-petioled 7-9-nerved peltate orbicular or triangular-ova : acuminate or caudate subentire or toothed, racemes stout longer than po leaves, capsules 3-lobed hairy and prickly. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 389; Gam Man. Ind. Timb. 361. Rottlera peltata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 828 ; Wight 1^ t. 1873; Wall. Cat. 7828, SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 2000 ft., Clarke. Assam, the KnasrA MTS., SILHET, SILLHOK, MUNNIPORE, CHITTAGONG and MARTABAN, Roxburgh, &c. . 7 in An evergreen tree or shrub; branchlets rather stout. Leaves rather thin, 4- th ’ diam., simply pubescent above, glandular aud softly stellate- pubescent ben e, nerves 4-5 pairs above the basal; basal glands minute; petiole as long as the ina stipules linear lanceolate. — Racemes as long or longer than the leaves, pers erect; bracts lanceolate; male fl. j in. diam., buds globose, pubescent. Fem. cija irregularly split, segments lanceolate. Capsule 4 in. diam. ; cocci thickly crustac shortly aculeate. Seeds subglobose, smovth. 4, M. nepalensis, Muell. Arg. in Linnec xxxiv. 188; branche robust, leaves beneath and inflorescence shortly white- or rusty-tomen Mallotus. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 429 leaves opposite or alternate long-petioled broadly or orbicular ovate finely acuminate, base 3-nerved, male racemes elongate very stout, flowers large, fem. racemes shorter, capsules thin tomentose and shaggy with long soft flexuous stellately tomentose spines. M. oreophilus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 188, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 964; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 362.— Wall. Cat. 7824. CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D. H.,&c. KnasIA Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. 4. T. T. A small tree. Leaves 3-8 in. diam., thinly coriaceous, glabrous above except when young, quite entire; base truncate, rarely subcordate, or acute in young leaves ; colour of pubescence very variable, nerves and nervules strong. Male racemes 6-12 in.; bracts lanceolate; flowers i in. diam., globose in bud; stamens very numerous. Fem. racemes very stout, especially in fruit; pedicels short, stout ; sepals narrow; ovary shaggy with short tomentose processes. Capsules „densely crowded, 3 in. diam., crinite; cocci very thin. Seeds % in. long, subhemispheric, black, opaque. 5. M. albus, Muell. Arg. in Linnæa xxxiv. 188, and in DC. Prodr. Xv. n. 965; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence appressedly stellately or scurfily white or rusty-tomentose, leaves alternate broadly ovate or orbicular or triangular-ovate acuminate entire or with shallow lobes rarely sinuate- toothed, base 3-5-nerved rounded and narrowly peltate or truncate rarely acute, flowers in axillary and terminal pyramidal panicles, males globose, fem. calyx 4-5-lobed, capsule 3-4-coccous muricate and with short soft white tomentose processes. Brandis For. Fl. 444; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 361; Beddome Forester’s Man. 208. M. tetracocens, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 383. Rottlera alba & tetracocea, Rowh. Fl. Ind. iii. 829, 826. R. mappoides, Dalz. in Hook. Journ, Bot, iii. (1851) 122; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 230. R. peltata, Wight Ic. t. 1873. R. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 7812.—Wall. Cat. 7818 B, C, E. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; ascending to 3000 ft., J. D. H., &c. BENGAL, Assam and Southward to CHITTAGONG. A small evergreen tree, 30-40 ft.; branchlets rather stout. Leaves 4-6, rarely in; diam., young densely rusty-tomentose, sometimes coriaceous, base with 2 glands ; petiole 3-8 in. ; stipules minute. Male panicles with long rather slender branches, fem. shorter stouter. Flowers diccious; male buds globose 1—j in. diam., calyx 4-5 partite, fem. calyx hemispheric. Capsule 3-2 in. diam., globose, white, unn 4- rarely 5-coccous. Seed black, shining.-—1I have not given the Penang ocality to this plant, and I suspect that Roxburgh is in error in doing so. a AR. occidentalis; fem. panicles larger and more effuse, capsules with longer and enser processes. —Deccan Peninsula, on the Ghats froin the Concan southwards. eylon, common, b 6. M. macrostachyus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. i. 963; ranches petioles leaves beneath and inflorescence shortly whitish or rusty- mentose, leaves large usually alternate long-petioled orbicular- or trian- T-cordate acuminate entire or remotely sinuate-toothed, base rounded ?* transverse 5-nerved sometimes slightly peltate, racemes spiciform very ong, male branched at the base, male fl. small globose, fem. larger sub- cylindric cleft and 5-fid, capsules subglobose densely spinous, Sines con- galed by a thick soft stellate wool. Rottlera macrostachya, Miquel FI. ^d. Bat, Suppl. 454. D Prrax ; King’s Collector. MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1381).— STRIB, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, 430 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX, (J. D. Hooker) [Mallotus. A smalltree; branchesstout. Leaves rather coriaceous, 3-6 in. diam., eglandu lar, young clothed on both surfaces thickly with rusty pubescence ; nerves very strong beneath ; petiole 4-8 in., stout. Spikes axillary; male 8-16 in., rather slender ; flowers subsessile, 1 in. diam.; stamens very numerous; fem. with occasionally a few male flowers, calyx 3 in. long, shortly tubular. Fruiting raceme sometimes 18 in. long. Capsule }-2 in. diam., obscurely trigonous. Seeds in Bornean specimens sub- globose, 4 in. long, smooth ; in Malaccan (immature) smaller, black, opaque, as in M. barbatus, 7. M. ricinoides, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 189, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 963 ; young parts clothed with floccose fugacious tomentum, leaves alternate long-petioled ovate to orbiéular-ovate cordate or peltate entire or remotely denticulate, glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers small tomentose in simple or compound axillary and terminal spikes, bracts minute, fem. calyx 4—5-cleft, ovary villons echinate, capsule 3—4-coccous size of a cherry densely clothed with stellately scurfy long soft subulate bristles, seeds globose black slightly tubercled. “Kurz For. Fl. ii. 382. Rottlera ricinoides, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 33, t. 9, f. 29 A. R. Zippelii, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 238. Adisca Zippelii, Blume Bijd. 611. R. peltata, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 395 (not Roxb.). Mappa Zippelii, Zoll. & Morr. Verz. 17. Adelia barbata, Blanco Fl. Filip. Ed. 2, 561. A. Bernardia, Ed. 1, 814. Croton ricinoides, Pers. Encheir. à. 586. C. mollissima, G eisel. Monog. Crot. 73. Crozophora mollissima, Spreng. Syst. iii. 851. UPPER TENASSERIM, Kurz.—DrISTRIB. China, Philippines. An evergreen shrub. Leaves 5-6 in. long and broad, thickly membranous, base 5-nerved ; petiole 2-4 in., scurfily tomentose.—I have seen no Tenasserim specimens of this species, which is readily distinguished by the dense clothing of soft spines on the capsule. 8. M. cochinchinensis, Lour. Fl. Coch. 635; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence appressedly white- or rusty-tomentose, leaves alternate orbicular or deltoidly ovate caudate-acuminate entire or 3-lobed, base usually cuneate 5-nerved, nerves peltate, flowers in effuse slender panicles, males globose, fem. calyx 3-4-partite, capsule 3-coccous clothed densely with long white squarrose tomentose processes. M. paniculatus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 189, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 965; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 383. Rottlera paniculata, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 93; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 307; Wall. Cat. 7818. Croton paniculatus, Lamk. Encycl. n 207. Echinus trisuleus, Lour. L c. 633 (excl. syn.). Mappa cochinchinensis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 878. "Trewia tricuspid Lo ini! Sp. PL iv. irit Wall. Cat. 78917 ricuspidata, Wi lp Prov and TrwassenIM, Wallich, Helfer, &c. PENANG, PERAK, SINGAPORE and Maracca, Wallich, &c.—DrisTRIB. Malay Islands, China. A tree much resembling in habit M. aléus, but branches more slender, leaves smaller, nerves peltate, more membranous with longer points and usually a cuneate base, panicles much more slender, flower and fruit smaller, fem. calyx 3—4-partite, and capsule squarrose with long processes.—I maintain Loureiro's name of cochin- chinensis for this species, which is the monotype of his genus, and should never have been superseded. From Loureiro’s description I doubt his Echinus sulcatus being the same plant ; but I assume that Mueller, whom I follow, had good reasons for 80 disposing of it. bi Leaves elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblong, tripli- or penni-nerved. Spikes or racemes usually simple and shorter than the leaves (longer ™ M. leptostachyus and a few others). Mallotus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 431 f Female calyx spathaceous. 9, M. acuminatus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 187, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 966; branchlets hoary or glabrous, leaves opposite and alter- nate long petioled peltate oblong caudate-acuminate entire or repand- toothed obscurely glandular beneath, base peltate 5-7-nerved rounded or cordate, male racemes slender, buds ovoid, fem. calyx spathaceous pubescent, ovary strigose and echinate, style very long stout, capsule tridymous glan- dular hispid and clothed with short pubescent spines. PM. acuminatus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 383. TeNASSERIM; at Mergui, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4758). ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz, Prrax, King’s Collector. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1446).— DISTRIB. Sumatra. An evergreen tree, variable in pubescence; branchlets terete. Leaves 3-8 in. rather thin, almost membranous, midrib and 8-10 pair of nerves beneath hairy, cross- nervules faint or strong; petiole 1-3 in. Male racemes (in Andaman specimens) 3 in.; flowers minute, glabrous, in crowded clusters; buds ovoid, acute, j; in, long; stamens about 30, filaments free or connate, anther-cells separated by a truncate thick warted connective. Fem. racemes larger than the males, stouter ; bracts lanceolate, caducous ; calyx obliquely urceolate, entire or 2-3-cleft, deciduous ; style very stout, puberulous or glabrate, stigmas rather short. Capsule (in Perak Specimens) '$ in. diam.; cocci globose.— The Perak specimens have more hoary branchlets, petioles and fem. racemes than the Malaccan. I refer this to M, acumi- natus, of which Mueller says stamens 60, rather than to the Sumatran M. longi- Jolius, in which he states them to be (as they are in this) about 27-30; he further adds ander longifolius that it is extremely like acuminatus, but that besides the number of stamens it differs in the rather longer and slender spines of the capsule, and in the shorter style. Kurz says of his acuminatus that it is frequent in the Andamans, and that the leaves are either peltate or cordate, but I have seen no. Specimens from thence. I have not cited the synonyms of M. acuminatus given by Mueller, feeling doubtful about the species. 10.2 M. Helferi, Muell Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 190, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 968 ; branchlets young petioles and racemes sparsely stellate - pubescent, leaves nearly glabrous alternate long-petioled ovate- or linear- oblong caudate-acuminate sinuate-toothed obscurely glandular beneath base rounded or subcordate not peltate 3—5-plinerved, male racemes slender, buds minute obovoid nearly glabrous, fem. racemes elongate, calyx spathaceous, ovary clothed with short stout soft spines, style twice as long as the stigmas. P Kurz For. Fl. ii. 384. TENASSERIM ; Koloukhin Island in the Saluen River, Helfer (in Herb. DC.); ergui, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4731). Ma acca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1446). Branches slender, but woody, tips and racemes sparsely glandular. Leaves 3-6 in., rather membranous, greenish when dry; nerves very slender, 6-8 pair above the short basal, often pubescent beneath; basal glands 0; petiole 1-13 in. Male racemes filiform ; bracts minute, 2-4-fld.; flowers 4j in. diam. ; sepals 3-5, lanceolate ; stamens about 20; anther-cells separated by the truncate tubercled connective, Which sometimes is produced above them. Fem. racemes 6-8 in., many-fld. ; calyx sPathaceous ; ovary pubescent and clothed with soft turgid nearly glabrous spines ; ‘tyle stout, twice as long as the short reeurved papillose stigmas.—The male flowers are described from Mergui and the fem. from Malaccan specimens. It is possible at they may not be conspecific. Kurz says of Hedferi that it is very common all over Burma from Pegu to Tenasserim and the Andamans, but I have seen only Helfer’s male specimens, and as he described the style as short, I doubtfully quote m. It differs from acuminatus chiefly in the not peltate leaves and ovary not being densely hispid, VOL, v. rf 432 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Mallotus. 11. M. Porterianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 185, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 960; branchlets petioles and racemes puberulous, eaves alternate long-petioled not peltate oblong-lanceolate caudate acum: "a penninerved sinuate-crenate or entire, racemes slender, males 8 or er i the fem., fem. calyx spathaceous, ovary and capsule echinate, sty d 1 ong with long recurved stigmas.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 8000, 9093, 9094. PENANG, Porter, Curtis. Leaves 4-7 in., membranous or thinly coriaceous, base contracted subcordate, giabrous above, minutely glandular, glabrous or slightly hairy beneath ; ‘hairy 6-10 pair, slender, basal very short; petiole 1-2 in., very slender, sometimes oi d. Racemes shorter than the leaves, strict; male fl. in distant clusters, 4; 1n. ML ov rhet calyx membranous, nearly glabrous, stamens about 30, anther-cells paral om ower distant. Fem. fl. shortly pedicelled ; bracts concave; perianth minute; sty ta eous large, recurved, united below. Capsule about à in. diam.; cocci thickly erus d to be shortly aculeate. Seeds broadly oblong, smooth.— Wallich's No. 8000 is sai tion of from Silhet, but this is an obvious mistake ; the specimens evidently are a portio the Penang collection. l 12. M. floribundus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 187, and in Dc. Prodr. xv. ii. 962; leaves long-petioled alternate peltate orbicu ^n ° orbicular-ovate acute glaucous beneath base 7-9-nerved, racemes axi ary slender, calyx spathaceous, ovary clothed with long soft white tomen a spines, capsule 3-dymous glandular and covered with long scattered fer slender prickles. M. amentiformis, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864), IL. and in DC. l. e. Rottlera floribunda, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 238 ; E A Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 426; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 393. Adisca a. bunda, Blume’ Bijd. 610. Mappa floribunda, Zoll. 4 Morr. Verz. 14 Ricinus Tanarius, Lour. Fl. Coch. 580. TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 476?). PERAK, King’s oe lector. Matacca, G'rifith.—DrisrRiB. Cochin China, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Samoa, . A tree, 20-30 ft.; branches slender, nearly glabrous. Leaves membranous, quite entire, base with tomentose glands in the axils; nerves all slender, cross-nervo o distinct, glands beneath scattered ; petiole 2-34 in., very slender. Male spi al 3-4 in.; flowers crowded, } in. diam ; stamens 40-50, puberulous. Fem. racemé elongate. Capsules 3 in. diam.; cocci «topose, thickly crustaceous, pubescent ; styles shortly united. Ht Female calyx 3-6-partite (un} own in several species). a. Leaves 3- rarely 7-9-plinerved at the base. 13. M. eriocarpus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 185, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 959; branchlets and racemes rusty-tomentose, leaves oppos! l- elliptie oblong or ovate obtuse base 3-plinerved rounded or subcordate Ses lately puberulous above more so and minutely glandular beneath, sp! " slender, flowers small clustered, capsule globose 3-coccous clothed with 60 hairy filaments. Beddome Forester’s Man. 208. Rottlera eriocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 273 (excl. syn. Wight). CEYLON; in the hot drier parts of the island, Walker, Thwaites. rves A shrub ; branchlets rather slender. Leaves 3-4 in., hardly coriaceous ; "3 in 3-4 pair above the basal, cross-nervules and reticulations copious ; petiole i m h slender. Male fl. conic in bud, j in. long; stamens very numerous, filaments $m M ° . 7 3, scabrid or hairy, Fem. fl. Ovary surrounded with numerous staminodes; sty les very plumose.—I have seen no fem. fl. or fruit. Mallotus. | CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 433 14. M. subpeltatus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 189, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 968 ; nearly glabrous, leaves alternate long petioled with very long caudate tips puberulous beneath, base rounded or minutely cordate 3-plinerved, male fl. in sessile fascicles on the branches, fem. sessile axillary, calyx 5-partite, styles very long and slender, capsule clothed with very long Squarrose tomentose processes. Adisca subpeltata, Blume Bid. 610. Rottlera subpeltata, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb.433; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i n. 994. R. rhynchophylla, Miquel l. c. Suppl. 454. Mappa acumi- natissima, Zipp. ez Spanoghe in Linnea xv. 349.— Wall. Cat. 7755. PENANG, Porter. PERAK, Ki ing’s Collector, Scortechini. Mauacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4759), Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1410).—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. . Branches terete, very smooth, tips puberulous. Leaves 6-12 by 2—4 in., thin, greenish when dry, nerves 3-5 pair above the basal and cross-nervules strong and puberulous beneath ; petiole 3-5 in., slender; stipules lanceolate. Male fl. shortly pedicelled, globose, 4 in. diam.; sepals 4, broad, densely pubescent; stamens very numerous, connective rather broad, not produced. Fem. fl. subsessile, 4 in. diam. ; sepals 6, lanceolate pubescent on both surfaces, ovary clothed with hispid spines, styles + in. long, flexuous. Capsule depressed, 1 in. diam., 3-lobed; spinous processes rather rigid, j in. long. Seeds } in. diam., globose, smooth.— Mueller describes the leaves as subpeltate, but I should not so call them. _ 15. M. Griffithianus, Hook. f. ; glabrous except the hispidulous viscidly glandular inflorescence, leaves opposite and alternate long-petioled euptriplinerved oblong or elliptic-oblong cuspidately acuminate quite entire eglandular beneath, racemes leaf-opposed, males of panicled spikes, fem. simple, fem. sepals 6-9 very irregular lanceolate, ovary hispid and clothed with stipitate capitate glands, styles 3 sessile long slender, capsule hispid clothed | with long glandular viscid and hirtellous spines. Diplochlamys Ipa fäthianus, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864) 539, and in DC. Prodr. xv. n. PERAK; at Larut, King’s Collector. Maracoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4961) and Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1432 and 1450). |. A shrub (in Perak) 6-8 ft. ; branches woody, terete, smooth or viscidly glandular ; nodes swollen. Leaves 6-10 by 21-44 in., coriaceous, greenish when dry, quite glabrous, or with a few bristles on the midrib beneath, base broad and rounded or narrowed and obtuse 2-glandular and minutely peltate; nerves 10-12 pair, basal Opposite often obscure, short and intramarginal, cross-nervules rather distant ; petiole 13-3 in., rigid, terete, swollen at the top. Male panicles 4-5 in., flowers } in. diam. ; bracts acute, buds globose, pubescent; sepals 3, receptacle conoid; stamens Tul many, anthers didymous, connective swollen at the back, inconspicuous in front. em. fl. pedicelled ; pedicel hispid with very long bristles; perianth $i in. diam. ; Sepals lanceolate, very unequal and unequally inserted, hispidulous ; ovary with a ring of spreading hairs at its base on the receptacle ; styles subulate, hispid and rugulose ; Stipitate globose glands? of ovary quite smooth. Capsule 3-coccous, about in. diam., cocci woody. 16. M. Wrayi, King mss.: Quite labrous, leaves opposite very long- Petioled triple-neivel coriaceous elliptic. or oblong-lanceolate cuspidately caudate quite entire obscurely glandular beneath base acute 2-glandular, yle short stout, capsule tridymous appressedly tomentose and echinate with Short tomentose spines. PERAK; at Larut, Wray, King’s Collector. oo . 6-10 tree, 60-80 ft.; branches woody, terete, smooth. .Leares in distant pairs, abo by 2-24 in., thinly coriaceous, drying green, paler beneath; nerves 5-6 pair ve the submarginal basal, cross-nervules rather distant strong; petiole 2-5 in., nder, firm, swollen at the base and top. Fem. fruiting racemes axillary, shorter rÍí2 434. CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) | Mallotus. than the petiole, hoary with deciduous stellate pubescence. — Capsule 1 in. diam., yellow, carpels hemispheric, spines in. long. Seeds 3 in. diam., globose, smooth, mottled. 17. M. lancifolius, Hook. f.; glabrous except the stellately tomen- tose buds and racemes, leaves thinly coriaceous alternate long-petioled tri- plinerved lanceolate acuminate quite entire eglandular beneath, racemes very slender shorter than the leaves, male clusters few-fld., bracts longer than the globosely ovoid rusty-tomentose buds, style very short, capsule tridymous hoary glandular and with a few short slender spikes. PENANG; on Government Hill, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1451), Curtis. A tree, about 20 ft.; branches slender, woody ; tips of branchlets and racemes stellately tomentose. Leaves 5-9 by 14-23 in., brown beneath when dry, baro eglandular acute or rounded ; nerves 3-5 pair above the basal which do not reac the middle, very slanting, strong beneath, i cross-nervules few; petiole 1-23 nal slender, stif; stipules ovate-lanceolate. Racemes 1-1} in., axillary, fem. with ^ e fl. below, bracts lanceolate; buds of male 4; in.; sepals 3, ovate; stamens 50-60, — anther-cells subglobose, connective rather narrow. Capsule $ in. diam.; cocci globose, thinly crustaceous, epicarp not separating. Seeds globose, smooth. 18. M. decipiens, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 194, and 1n De. Prodr. xv. ii. 977; branchlets racemes and often leaves beneath softly tomentose rarely glabrate, leaves opposite shortly petioled tripli- and perked nerved subrhombic-ovate oblong or obovate obtusely caudate repand-toot minutely glandular beneath, racemes elongate, stamens surrounding ^. minute pistillode, capsule small 3-dymous pubescent glandular and sparse Y tubercled. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 381. “Coelodiscus eriocarpoides, Kurz l. c. 992. — Wall. Cat. 7725 and 8009. Burma; at Attran, Wallich; Moulmein, Parish. n A shrub; branches woody, branchlets and petioles often velvety. Leaves 1 unequal pairs, larger 5-10 by 2-5 in., smaller not half that size, rather coriaceous, greenish when dry, base rounded broad or narrow, often 2-glandular, glabrous above velvety pubescent beneath or glabrate or quite glabrous; nerves 6-8 pair above t basal which are intramarginal ; petiole 1—2 in., stout; stipules oblong, pubescent, caducous. Male racemes 3-6 in.; bracts minute; flowers subsessile, $ in. diary , sepals 3, broadly lanceolate, membranous; stamens 20-40, connective small; pisti ) lode minute, columnar. Fem. racemes much stouter; pedicels very short, hirsute ; sepals 3—4, like the males; ovary hirsute and tubercled ; style very short; stigini plumose, short. Capsule 3 in. diam.—A specimen in Griffith's Herbarium from ti Calcutta Bot. Garden, marked “ Croton urophyllum," has leaves glabrous beneath. Kurz had no specimens of M. decipiens, the description of which he takes froni Mueller. Of his Cælodiscus eriocarpoides he had seen no fem. flower or fruit, 9U as he has attached this name to Parish's specimen of M, decipiens in the Calcutta Herbarium, I regard it as a synonym of the latter plant. 19. M. Wallichianus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 196, and m DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 980; branchlets and racemes scurfily pubescent, leave long-petioled alternate and opposite elliptic-oblong obtuse or acumina ° crenate-serrate mature glabrous triple-nerved, racemes spiciform slen ? longer than the leaves, male fl. globose apiculate. M. eriocarpoides, Muett. Arg. in DC. Prodr. l. c. 959. Croton castaneifolium, Wall. Cat. 7760— Croton, Wall. Cat. 7728. Pecu; at Rangoon, M*Clelland. Attran River, Wallich, TExAssERIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4963). MERGUI, Griffith. Branches woody, branchlets slender. Leaves 4-6 in., old coriaceous and P when dry, and quite glabrous, densely most minutely glandular beneath, tip 80 Mallotus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 435 times rounded, base rounded ; nerves 4—7 pair above the basal, cross-nervules distinct reticulations obscure; petiole 13-2 in., slender. Racemes longer than the leaves; bracts ovate; male fl. 44; in. diam.; calyx membranous, nearly glabrous; stamens about 30.—Fem. fl. and fruit unknown,—Mueller’s M. eriocarpoides is founded on young leaves of Wallichianus. 20. M. leptostachyus, Hook. f.; branches very slender and petioles leaves beneath and inflorescence softly tomentose, leaves alternate or upper- most pair opposite thin triplinerved elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glandular beneath, base acute, male spikes terminal very long interrupted, flowers globose capitellate. ayog, SEED, King’s Island in the Mergui Archipelago, Helfer (Kew Distrib. Branchlets terete, scurfily tomentose with long hairs intermixed. Leaves 4-10 by 2-3} in., almost membranous, pale greenish brown when dry, glabrous above except on the midrib, nerves 4-6 pair above the basal, slender and as well as the cross- nervules raised and hairy; glands minute, scattered, yellow; petiole of upper leaves short, of lower 1-2} in.; stipules lanceolate, tomentose. Spike 6-12 in., slender ; bracts shorter than the globose flowers, which are sessile and ṣọ in. diam. Calyx unequally 3-partite, segments broad glabrous within, Stamens about 80, anther-cells subglobose, separated widely by the truncate connective.—Fem. fl. and fruit un- nown, . 9l. M. Clellandii, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles leaves beneath and inflorescence stellately tomentose, leaves opposite long-petioled triple-nerved linear-oblong from a cordate base obtuse strongly nerved and reticulated ut eglandular beneath, male spikes short axillary, bracts subulate, flowers globose, calyx splitting irregularly, stamens very numerous, anther-cells oblong adnate to the truncate connective. Prev; at Rangoon, M*Clelland. ranches terete, smooth. Leaves 3-5 in., firm but not coriaceous, dark brown M en dry, paler and sparsely pubescent beneath, glabrous except when young and on e midrib above, nerves 3.4 pair above the basal, cross-nervules and reticulations much. raised beneath ; petiole 3-2 in.; stipules subulate, tomentose. Male spikes ~1} in, ; flowers globose, } in. diam., densely tomentose. 22. M. filiformis, Zook. f: ; branchlets slender and petioles stellately pubescent or glabrate, leaves opposite and subopposite rather membranous Penninerved elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtusely caudate base rounded or cuneate usually 2-glandular above, beneath eglandular but minutely, pel- uci “punctate, male racemes very longand slender pubescent, bracts minute *taceous much shorter than the globose pubescent buds. TENAssERTM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4732), Griffith. green caches slender, woody ; branchlets compressed. L d forming intra- Marging) dry, thin, nerves 7-10 pair very prominent beneath an on E ander ; QE nal Strong arches, base above eglandular; petiole 4-1} ìn., rather s ll e racemes axillary and subterminal, 4-6 in.; flowers in rather distant sma v SS buds about i. in, diam. ; stamens sparsely pubescent and glandular 3 sepals compen nay ovate ; stamens very numerous, small ; anther-cells globose vehe bracts "T 've.—This closely resembles M. bracteatus in habit and foliage, bu Owers are quite different, i puberulus, H ioles leaf-nerves beneath . ook. f.; branches petioles ieai-nerves an „poemes puberulous, leaves m ibranons alternate long-petioled caudate: eeply ae Sinuate-toothed minutely glandular beneath, base contracte buds cordate 7-9-plinerved, male racemes slender, clusters many-fid., 8 Ovoid nearly glabrous, eaves 4-7 in., dull brownish 430 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Mallotus. PERAK, Scortechini. . Youngest shoots fulvous-tomentose. Leaves 5-7 in., with long slender tips, greenish when dry, glabrous above, base eglandular; nerves 8-10 pair above the basal, substellately puberulous, strong beneath, cross-nervules distant ; petiole 2-3in., terete. Racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves; bracts minute; flowers 10-20 in a cluster ; buds 44; in. long; sepals usually 3, membranous, very sparsely stellately hairy and glandular; stamens 60-70; anther-cells globose, separated by the con- nective which is not produced.—Differs from M. Helferi in the much larger leaves and flowers and very numerous stamens. 24. M. bracteatus, Hook. f. ; shoots and racemes stellately pubescent, leaves opposite and subopposite membranous triple-nerved elliptic-oblong obtusely subcaudate acuminate sinuately subserrate obscurely glandular beneath base subacute, male racemes slender stellately pubescent shorter than the leaves, clusters few-fld., bracts lanceolate longer than the ovoid buds both densely subsilkily tomentose. PERAK, Scortechini. . Branchlets compressed when dry. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in., very thin in texture, glabrous on both surfaces, with no pellucid glands, dull greenish when dry, base narrow with obscure glandular areas; nerves 6-9 pairs above the basal, slender but strong beneath, cross-nervules distinct distant ; petiole 1-14 in.; stipules ovate luuceolate, pubescent. Male racemes 2—3 in. ; bracts lanceolate, buds fulvous tomen- tose =}; in. long; sepals 3, ovate; stamens 30—40, anther-cells globose separated by a broad sometimes produced connective. b. Leaves penninerved, not or very obscurely 3-plinerved. 25. M. anisophyllus, Hook. f.; sparsely pubescent, leaves subsessile opposite in very unequal pairs penninerved eglandular beneath, larger 0 each pair 6-8 in. elliptic lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate smaller orbicular-ovate or -cordate, racemes very short few-fld., sepals of both sexes 3 lanceolate, ovary spinescent, styles elongate subplumose, capsule rauricate. Maracca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1413).—Drstr1s. Borneo (Motley). . Branches terete woody, branchlets compressed simply hairy. Leaves rather thin, red brown and rather shining when dry, sometimes subfalcate, entire or subsinuate- toothed, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the midrib beneath, base very contracted but rounded; nerves 10-15 pair, cross-nervules very slender; petiole very short, stout, densely velvety-tomentose; stipules } in., subulate-lanceolate, rigid, persistent. Male racemes 4-1 in., filiform, bracts minute, flowers } in. diam., on slender pedicels ; sepals membranous, glabrous; stamens 15-20, connective broad fleshy carunculate. Fem. fl. few, on very short racemes; sepals pubescent; ovary clothed with appressec erect hispidulous spines; style O ; stigmas very long, slender, almost feathery nearly all over.—Maingay describes the male perianth as unequally 2-cleft. 26. M. muricatus, Beddome Forester’s Man. 208 (not of Muell. Arq) quite glabrous, leaves opposite shortly petioled penninerved rhombi; lanceolate obtuse or obtusely narrowed at both ends entire or sinuate-toothe ; minutely glandular beneath nerves 6-8 pairs, male racemes and few glabrous slightly glandular, males short, fem. elongate, ovary with a y conical glabrous tubercles, capsule tridymous, cocci with two rows m tubercles. Claoxylon muricatum, Wight Ic. 1886. Croton muricat? " Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7751. ? Axenfeldia intermedia, Baill. Etudes Ue" -Euphorb. 419. MYSORE, Heyne. TRAVANCORE, at Courtallam, Wight (Kew Distrib. 2672). s _A tree, branches terete, branchlets compressed. Leaves 2-5 in., co tronk shining above; base with often two spots; petiole }-} in.; stipules oblong, gla Mallotus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 437 Male spikes 1-2 in., slender; flowers few in the very short rounded bracts; buds ovoid, +3; in. long; sepals 4; stamens 30-40, anther-cells oblong not separated at the top by a truncate connective (as in Lawi). Fem. racemes 4-6 in., slender; bracts as in the male ; flowers remote; sepals 6, lanceolate, glabrous ; ovary glandular ; style very short or 0.—I have not seen the capsule, which Wight describes and figures. The quite glabrous branchlets and 2-seriate tubercles of the cocci dis- tinguish this species. Heyne's authentically named specimens in Rottler's and Wallich's Herbaria prove that this, and not JM. stenanthus, is the Croton muricatus of Heyne. M. muricatus of Mueller (in DC. l.c. 972) is a mixture of the Ceylon M. Walkere, the Claoaylon muricatum of Wight, the Philippine Cuming 1170 5., the Javan Zolling. 3804, and a plant cited from the Hookerian Herbarium as Falconer n. 1352 (of which latter I find no specimen in Herb. Hook.). Of all these Wight’s figure alone represents Heyne’s Croton muricatum. Beddome erroneously gives Wight as the author for Croton muricatum being put into Mallotus, for Wight refers it to Claowylon. Beddome, following Mueller, refers to his M. muricatus (which, as stated above, includes this and others) Baillon's Awenfeldia intermedia, which may be M. Walkere or stenanthus. 27. M. Walkeree, Hook. f.; branchlets and spikes tomentose or pubescent and glandular, leaves opposite long- or short-petioled penni- nerved rhombic-ovate -obovate or -lanceolate obtusely acuminate or caudate sinuate-toothed minutely glandular beneath, base acute, nerves 6-10 pair, male racemes short, bracts large, flowers glandular, fem. racemes elongate, capsule tridymous glandular and clothed with long soft spines. M. murica- tus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 972 (the Ceylon plant only). Rottlera muricata, Thwaites Enum. 273 (excl. syn.). 108) 9^ Walker, &c, ; Central Province, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites (C.P. A small tree, branches terete, branchlets compressed. Leaves 3-8 by 2-34 in., hardly coriaceous, pale greenish when dry, tip often broadly and obtusely cau- date, base very acute or cuneate, quite glabrous; petiole }-1 in.; stipules ovate- oblong or -lanceolate, pubescent. Male racemes stout or slender, 1-2 in. ; bracts broad, concave, often as long as the flowers; buds 45-3 in., ovoidly globose ; sepals 3-4, tomentose; stamens about 30, anther-cells obloug not separated by a truncate qnnective. Fem, racemes slender, pubescent or pilose ; flowers few, distant; sepals 3, lanceolate, and pedicels tomentose; ovary densely echinate ; style very short. miele d in. diam., yellowish from the copious glands; cocci puberulous, as are the es, Var. laxiflora; male racemes with capillary pedicels x; in. long.—Ceylon, Walker. 28. M. stenanthus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 191, and in DC. Prodr, xy. ji, 972; nearly glabrous except the resinous and puberulous branchlets and inflorescence, leaves opposite very shortly petioled elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate or caudate entire or sinuate-toothed minutely glandular beneath penninerved, nerves 5-6 pair, racemes short, male buds ovoid, fem. narrowly oblong, capsule tridymous glandular an with scattered short conical tubercles. CANARA; at Tulliwally, Ritchie; Jellapore, Talbot. . Js "M 9 , _ A small tree, branches red-brown, branchlets compressed. Leaves 3-6 in, rather Coriaceous, tapering from the middle to both ends, pale greenish-ye low when dry, and shining, with 3-4 black spots above the acute base; nerves raised beneath, as are the cross.nervules and reticulations; petiole j-to } in, of young leaves lower oy Racemes 1-3 in., axillary and terminal, very slender Spahr newts TS clus ile: : . ; stamens 20; : - cells oblon tered, subsessile; buds 4, in. long; sepals 35 solitary in’ the bracts ; E tips separated by a broad connective. l Sepals 3, lanceolate, Capsule i in, diam. yellow from the glands, cocci rounded, 438 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Mallotus. Seeds globose, smooth, polished.— Very near M. muricatus, but the shoots and spikes are pubescent and far more glandular, and the male buds narrower. 29. ME. Lawii, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 192, and in DC. Prodr. xv. li. 975; branchlets petioles and inflorescence pubescent, leaves opposite shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate penui- nerved nerves 5-6 pair entire or repand-toothed minutely glandular beneath, racemes very slender few-fld., fem. 1-3 fld., capsules tomentose glandular and densely clothed with long villous filaments; styles sessile. Beddome Foresters Man. 209. M. aureo-punctatus, Muell. Arg. in DC. l.c. 973; Beddome Foresters Man. 909. Rottlera aureo-punctata, Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1851) 122; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 230. The Concan and Canara, Law, Stocks, &c. COCHIN, Johnstone. Branches terete, branchlets much compressed, finely pubescent, Leaves 4-8 by 13-3} in., rather coriaceous, pale when dry, young thin shining above and glabrous, midrib and rather slender nerves puberulous beneath, base acute obtuse or rounded; petiole 1-2 in.; stipules lanceolate, villous. Male racemes shorter than the leaves; bracts small; flowers few, solitary or in distant clusters, sessile or pedicelled, 1 in. diam. when expanded, buds globose; sepals 3-4, broad, villous ; stamens about 50, anther-cells short, separated throughout by the broad truncate connective. Fem. subspathaceous, splitting into 4-6 lanceolate, unequal, villous segments, Capsule 3 in. diam., 3-4-coccous; styles 3-4, appressed to the fruit, plumose, Seeds subglobose, smooth, polished. . 30. M. Beddomei, Hook. f; glabrous except the branchlets and inflorescence, leaves opposite short- or long-petioled penninerved ovate or oblong obtusely caudate-acuminate entire or subentire minutely glandular beneath, nerves 6—8-pair, racemes very slender, male pedicels as long as the ellipsoid acute buds, fem. buds linear-oblong, ovary echinate, style distinct, capsule tridymous glandular stellately pubescent and clothed with long soft spines. M. muricatus, Beddome Forester’s Man. 209 in part. TRAVANCORE, at Courtallam, Wight; Anamallay Hills, alt. 4000 ft., Beddome. Branches smooth, terete, branchlets compressed. Leaves 5-7 in., thinly coria- ceous, not at all rhombic, base rounded or obtuse; nerves arched and cross-nervules strong beneath; petiole 4-2 in.; stipules ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Male racemes 2-5 iu., lax-flowered; bracts very short, obtuse; buds 4l in. ; sepals 3, membranous, glabrous or puberulous ; stamens about 25, anthers large, cells separated by a very narrow connective. Fem. racemes few- and distant-flowered ; sepals 6, free or some connate, } in. long, lanceolate, membranous. Capsule } in. diam. —Differs from Walkere in the oblong or ovate leaves with no trace of being rhombic, small bracts, and stella 1 ) À tely tomentose larger fruit. Beddome no doubt includes this under his muricatus. 31. M. khasianus, Hook. f.; glabrous except the tomentose 1m- florescence, leaves opposite shortly petioled penninerved elliptic-ovate -oblong or -lanceolate entire or sinuate-toothed caudate-acuminate eglandular beneath, base rounded or broadly cuneate, male racemes many-fld. buds globose, fem. long slender, capsules long-pedicelled tridymous pubescent and clothed with slender prickles. Claoxylon No. 10, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. $ T KnastA Mrs., Griffith; near Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. A small tree; branchlets woody, tips and young petioles stellately pubescent. Leaves 4-10 by 2-31 in., thinly coriaceous, pale when dry and alike on both surfaces, base with 2-3 glands above; nerves 6-9 pair, slender, cross-nervules distant faint; petiole 1-3. in., rarely more ; stipules triangular-lanceolate. Male racemes 3-6 M., sessile, seurfily stellately-tomentose ; bracts very short and broad ; flowers clustered, sessile and shortly pedicelled,.} in diam. ; calyx tomentose, unequally 3-cleft ; stamens Mallotus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 439 40-50, filaments free, anther-cells reniform free above and below. Fruiting racemes slender, 6-8 in., pedicels $in. Capsule $3 in. diam., cocci rather thick and woody, epicarp not separating. Seeds 4 in. long, subglobose, rather longer than broad, smooth, brown, 32. M. polyneurus, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, branchlets slender leaves alternate petioled penninerved very membranous elliptic oblong or oblong-lanceolate cuspidately caudate-acuminate sinuate-toothed pellucid- punctate but eglandular and shining beneath, nerves 10-12 pair, fem. racemes very slender 1-2-fld., fem. sepals 6, ovary tomentose and clothed with hispid spines, style very short, stigmas 2 plumose recurved. TexasseRIM, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4764). TE Branchlets smooth, tips faintly hoary, as are'the young petioles and midrib beneath. Leaves 5-8 by 23-4 in., very thin, greenish above when dry, brown beneath, with a few basal glands on the short lowest nerves; base acute or subacute, with no superficial glands above; nerves and distant cross-nervules very slender; petiole 1-11 in., slender. Fem. racemes 2-3 in., 1-2 fd.; flowers pedicelled ; sepals lanceolate.— The specimens are scanty, in very young fruit only, which is 4 in. diam. hey resemble no other species. The leaves, though pellucid-punctate, have no superficial glands beneath. 33. M. andamanicus, Hook. f. ; nearly glabrous, branchlets flattened, leaves opposite very shortly petioled penninerved elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate entire or sinuate-toothed base acute minutely glandular beneath, perves 12-14 pair, male spikes very short terminal and axillary glandular, tacts broadly ovate, flowers globose. M. muricatus, Kurz For. FL. ii. 384 (ezcl. syn.) ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 362. S. ANDAMAN IsrawDs, Kurz. . Branches stout, terete, smooth, branchlets strongly compressed, tips and very young leaves covered with golden glands. Leaves 31-7 by 2-4 in., firm, greenish rown when dry, base eglandular ; nerves 12-14 pair, and cross-nervules slender, irehed ; petiole }-} in., rather stout; stipules broadly ovate, glabrous. Spikes 1-Lin., sessile, dense- 4d. Male fl. globose, +1; in. diam. ; calyx 3-partite, glandular ; stamens about 30, anther-cells separated by a rather narrow connective, shortly oblong +, rounded, sometimes divaricate below.—A female specimen bears what I take to be TÉ very slender terminal peduncle, 1 in. long, of a capsule that has fallen away. b us differs remarkably from the Deccan M. muricatus in its much larger size, large road leaves with no tendency to the rhombic form, and especially in the numerous pers of nerves. Kurz describes the ovary as densely golden glandular and muricate ; a pea Pule as golden glandular shortly sparingly muricate, and the cocci the size of 34. M. Kingii, Hook. f.; branchlets petioles leaves beneath and Panicles softly white-tomentose, leaves alternate penninerved narrowly elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate entire eglandular beneath, male flowers Sübsessile in long slender sparingly branched leaf-opposed panicles, sepals 3 ?nentose, stamens very numerous. PERAK, alt. 2000-2500 ft., King’s Collector. , rath tree, 40-50 ft., branches terete smooth. Leaves distant, 8-10 by 31 3h e eun er thin, pale green when dry and glabrous above, whiter beneath, base broadly te eate eglandular; nerves 12-16 pair, strong beneath, with rather distant ol gular Cross-nervules; petiole 1-1} in., stout, terete, swollen at base and top ; stipules ong-lanceolate, tomentose, Male panicles 6-8 in., peduncled, one opposite each ‘ © Upper leaves; bran-hes very slender, flowers } in. diam., in the axils of minute oad bracts, pedicels œ in.; sepals unequal; stamens very numerous, anther-cells Se M " > Parated by the broad truncate connective which is often produced beyond them. 440 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) [Mallotus. B. Capsules smooth. Leaves triple-nerved in all. (See also the species mentioned under A.) 35. M. penangensis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 186, and in DC Prodr. xv. ii. 961; quite glabrous, leaves opposite coriaceous penninerves jointed at the petiole oblong-lanceolate polished cuspidate quite entire eglandular beneath base acute, male spikes short puberulous, fem. laxly clothed with long spreading hairs, styles free slender, capsules 3-dymous villous and bristly. Antidesm.?, Wall. Cat. 8576.—Euphorb., Wall. Cat. 9092. PrwawG, Porter, Curtis. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1444). PERAK, King's Collector. shed Branches woody. Leaves 4-6 by 13-23 in., brown when dry and usually polishe above, base acute, obscurely glandular beneath with 6-10 pairs of strong nerves besides a very obscure basal pair that are very short aud close to the margin, Cross- nervules obscure; petiole 1-14 in., slender. Male racemes 1-2 in., rather stout ; bracts short, triangular, acute; buds globose, j; in. diam., puberulous ; stamens about 50, connective broad glandular. Fem. racemes remarkable for the white hairs è in. long on the slender rachis and on the rigid bristle-like spines of the fruit. Sepals 6, lanceolate. Capsule } in. diam., 3-lobed, villous between the spines; styles connate at the base.— The Malaccan specimens have more nerves than the Penang. 36. M. rhamnifolius, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 196, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 979; branchlets petioles and inflorescence finely pubescent or tomentose, leaves opposite and alternate oblong or oblong-lanceolate acum) nate beneath minutely glandular strongly triple-nerved and reticulate, baso 2-glandular rounded or subacute, male spikes equalling or exceeding we leaves, flowers clustered globose, capsules small tridymous unarmed stellata 7 tomentose. Croton rhamnifolius, Willd. in Nov. Act. Nat Cur. . micranthus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea l. c. 191, and in DO. L. c. 971; Beddomé Forester’s Man. 209. M. zeylanieus, Muell. Arg. in Linneea l. c. 195, an in DC. l. c. 977; Beddome 1; c. 210. Rottlera oppositifolia, Thwaites Enum 273 (eacl. syn.). A. nervosus, Rott/. & Willd. in Neue Schrift. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freund. Berl. (1803) iv. 190. C. reticulatus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 545; Wall. Cat. 7724 A. Deccan PENINSULA; Trincomalee, Heyne; Courtallam, Wight. CEYLON; common up to 2000 ft., Moon, Gardner, &c. . tire A tree ; branches terete, smooth. Leaves 3-6 in., firm, but not coriaceous, en th or obscurely toothed, red brown when dry, subglaucous and puberulous bener ad glands very minute, two basal often obscure; nerves 4-5 pair above the basal an , cross-nervules all strong and raised beneath; petiole j-3 in. Male spikes M^ PN bracts minute; flowers globose, } in. diam. ; calyx 4-partite; stamens "" anther-cells subglobose, separated by a thick truncate connective. Fem. AP ias long, many.fld. twice or thrice as long as the leaves ; calyx 2-3-partite; stig ale short, thick.—I have seen no fem. fl. or fruit. Wight's specimens are in e fl., and have leaves rather glaucous and puberulous beneath ; the Trincomalee both is so named by Heyne in Rottler's Herb. In Wall. Cat., Herb. Heyne is cited lius under this and M. atrovirens. The citation of ** Nov. Act." for Crot. rhamnifo is from the Neue Schrift., and is not verifiable. d, nerves Var. ? ovatifolia ; leaves much smaller ovate acuminate base broad rounded, n 2-3 pairs above the basal.—Ceylon ; at Balangoda, Thwaites (C.P. 196). ] in DC. 37. M. atrovirens, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 195, and io a Prodr. xv. ii. 978; glabrous except the sparsely pubescent raceme: tic oF rather shortly petioled alternate triple-nerved at the acute base elip Mallotus.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 441 obovate obtuse or acute entire minutely glandular beneath, racemes slender shorter or longer than the leaves, ovary 2-celled rusty-pubescent and scaly, styles sessile. Beddome Forester’s Man. 210. Croton atrovirens, Herb. Madr., and C. coccineus, Wall. Cat. 7771. Deccan PENINSULA; from Cochin, Johnstone, to Travancore, Heyne, Beddome. Branchlets glabrous, except the rusty-pubescent tips, Leaves 3-5 in., brown when dry, especially beneath, nerves 5-7 pair above the rather short basal, cross- nervules faint; petiole 4-1 in. Racemes 3-6 in., simple; flowers rather long- pedicelled ; bracts minute; male fl. about 444 in. diam., buds globose; sepals membranous, sparsely glandular. Fem. racemes shorter; pedicels as long as the 4-5 ovate unequal acute scurfy sepals. Fruit unknown. 38. M. fuscescens, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 195, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 978; glabrous except the glandular rusty-pubescent inflo- rescence, leaves opposite petioled elliptic elliptic-oblong or obovate acute or obtusely acuminate very minutely glandular beneath penni- and obscurely triple-nerved, base subacute, racemes shorter than the leaves, ovary 3-celled glabrous glandular, style very short, capsule tridymous unarmed glandular. eddome Forester's Man. 210. Rottlera fuscescens, Thwaites Enum. 273. CEYLON; not uncommon up to 2000 ft., Walker, &c. b A small tree ; branches smooth, terete ; branchlets slender, compressed, gla both Leaves 3-5 by 13-21 in., thinly coriaceous, sometimes shining on the upper or ot ! surfaces, brown when dry, paler beneath, base obscurely 2-glandular, rarely rounded ; nerves 5-6 pair, arched; petiole 1-1 in. Male racemes 2-3 in., subsessile, flowers è in. diam. ; buds ovoid, acute; pedicels as long as the calyx; sepals 4, unequal ; stamens 20-40, anther-cells not separated at the top by a truncate connective. Fem. racemes stout, about as long as the males; flowers } in. diam. ; calyx 3-5-cleft, acute. Ovary densely glandular, styles 3-4 short. Capsule about } in. diam, ; cocci subglobose, 39. M. leucodermis, Hook. f. ; glabrous except the racemes, branches woody bark white, leaves ‘alternate long-petioled triple-nerved elliptic or obovate entire minutely glandular beneath, racemes elongate, capsule tri- dymous unarmed smooth. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1433). . Upper branches. sometimes as thick a swan's quill, very white. iih 10 in. by 3-5 in., more or less coriaceous, brown beneath, base rounded 2-3-glandu né nerves 5-6 pair above the basal, which extend beyond the middle, cli " strong beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes axillary and from the naked branc te! stellately pubescent, males 4-6 in. slender, fem. longer in fruit; bracts Miam Male f. nearly ł in. diam., clustered ; pedicels slender; buds large, 4 in. ne globose ; sepals 4, broad, membranous, glandular, glabrous; stamens 40-50, an A ; cells oblong, globose, almost connate with a very narrow connective or separate X a broader one, Capsules on stout pedicels 1-1} in. long, about 1 in. dian bose Tounded, rather woody, epicarp not separating. Seeds j-j in. diam., subgiobose, Smooth, polished, brownish. 40. M. distans, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 194, and in DC. Prod, . Xv. ll 976; branches petioles leaves beneath and inflorescence semn y stellate-tomentose, leaves opposite long-petioled triplinerved ovate orbicula I Ovate or oblong acuminate entire or obscurely sinuate eglandular beneat b racemes few-fid., males short, fem. elongate in fruit, ovary tomentose, styles », Capsule tridymous unarmed densely stellate-tomentose. Beddome Forester's Man, 209. Sournern Deccan, Heyne; Travancore, Wight; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome CEYLON, Heyne d d 442 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Mallotus. Branches terete, pubescent, yellowish. Leaves in distant pairs, 6-10 by 3-5 in., very variable in form, thin or the older coriaceous, glabrous above, brown-tomentose beneath, with 3-4 pairs of nerves above the long basal and strong distant cross- nervules, base minutely peltate cuneate rounded or cordate with 2 or more variously disposed minute basal glands above; petiole 2-3 in. Racemes axillary ; male 2- 3 in. ; expanded flowers } in. diam., buds globose; sepals 3; stamens very numerous, filaments free, anther-cells oblong, connective obscure. Fem. racemes 4-5 in. slender, fruiting pedicels 3-1 in.; sepals 3; styles (or stigmas) rather short. Capsule iim. diam., yellow; cocci globose. Seeds globose, smooth.—Good specimens of this are in Rottler’s herbarium from Heyne with his ticket written “ Croton distans sub., Trinconom., Zeylon, 1796." Mueller Arg. refers Wallich's 7772 A to it, but not B; they are, however, clearly the same species. 41. M. repandus, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 197, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 981; tawnily stellately pubescent or tomentose, leaves alternate long- petioled triplinerved broadly rhombic-ovate acuminate entire or repand- toothed glandular on both surfaces, male racemes often panicled flowers large, fem. axillary, capsules didymous stellately tomentose, seeds black. Brand. For. Fl.444; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 380; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 361; Beddome Forester's Man. 910. Rottlera tricocca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 829; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.930. R. rhombifolia, Thwaites Enum.272. R. dioica, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 423; Wall. Cat. 7826 C/,, D/E, F. R. viscida, Blume Bijd. 608. R. scabrifolia, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. iii. t. 9, f. 29 B; Reichb. f. & Zoll. in Linnea xxviii. 319. R. trinervis, Zipp. in Linnea xv. 348. R. ? cordifolia, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 307. RB. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 7818 D in part. Croton repandus, Willd. in Neue Schrift. Naturf. Freund. Berlin iv. 206. C. rhombifolius, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 555. C. lacci- ferus & bacciferus, Wall. Cat. 7774, 7826 A, B, C, D. Throughout India, from the TRoPICAL HiMALAYA in Bhotan to Assam and south- wards to TRAVANCORE and CEYLON in the west, and to PENANG and PERAK in the east.—DISTRIB. China, Malay Islands, New Caledonia. A large scandent shrub or tree, trunk sometimes 60-80 ft. long; branchlets woody, scurfily tomentose. Leaves 2-3 in., rarely with 2-3 lateral lobes, smooth or scaberulously stellate above, often softly tomentose beneath, base cuneate, nerves 3 pair above the long basal; petiole 1-2 in. Male panicles sometimes 5-6 in. long ; flowers rather long pedicelled, i-i In. diam.; sepals ovate, glandular; stamens 50- 60, anther-cells oblong; connective inconspicuous. Fem. racemes simple or branched ; sepals as in the male; ovary tomentose, always-2-celled ; style 0; stigmas plumose. Capsule X in. across the two globose glandular carpels; cocci crustaceous thin, epicarp not separating. Seeds opaque, subglobose. 42. M. philippinensis, Muell, Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 196, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 981; branchlets and young leaves and inflorescence rusty oF tawny pubescent, leaves alternate petioled triple-nerved ovate to ovate- or obovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate entire or sinuate-toothed, glabrous above, beneath subglaucous puberulous and covered with scarlet. glands, spikes terminal solitary or panicled, ovary with crimson glands, stigmas * sessile, capsules tridymous unarmed pulverulent, seeds black. Brand. For. FI. 444; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 881; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 361; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 989; Bentl, & Trim. Med. Pl. iv. t. 236. Rottlera tinctorih Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. 36, t. 168, and FI. Ind. iii. 827; Wall. Cat. 832; Groy Cat. Bomb. Pl. 184; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 230; A. Juss. Tent. Euphor®- 83; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 307; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 454. R. sare tiaca, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 270. R. affinis, Hassk. in Flora pn Beibl. ii. 4l. R. montana & mollis, Wall. Cat. 7833 and 7839. Croton p 4 lippensis, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 208. C. punctatus, Retz. Obs. v. 30. C. coc Mallotus.) CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 443 cineus, Vahl Symb. ii. 97. C. montanns, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 545; Wall. Cat. 7723 A. Č. distans, Wall. Cat. 7792 A in part, and B. C. cascaril- loides, Rauesch. ex Steud. Nomencl. i. 446.—Wall. Cat. 7844.— Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. 21, 94. Throughout Troprcan INDIA, along the foot of the Himalaya from Kashmir eastwards, all over Bengal and Burma, Singapore and the Andaman Islands, and from Scind southwards to CEYLON. —DISTRIB. China, Malay Islands, Australia. A small evergreen tree, 25-30 ft.; branches rather slender. Leaves 3-5 in., variable in form, glabrous or nearly so above, base narrowed, acute or obtuse ; nerves 4-7 pairs above the basal; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers in stiff spikes, small, sessile or subsessile, males clustered, fem. solitary. Capsules about 1-3 in. diam., covered with crimson powder. Seeds globose, smooth, black. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 43. M. ? Caput-Meduse, Hook. f. ; a large tree (in Perak), branches petioles leaves beneath and racemes densely rusty-tomentose or villous, eaves 6-18 in. coriaceous oblong or elongate obovate-oblong obtuse base obtuse or subacute 2-glandular above penninerved, nerves 10-12 pairs strong beneath with strong cross-nervules and reticulate interspaces, petiole 2-1 in. stout, fem. racemes 1-1} in. very stout, flowers very shortly stoutly pedi- celled, sepals 5 ovate subacute, disk annular villous, ovary ovoid con- tracted into a short stout style with 3 recurved entire stigmas 3-4-celled densely clothed with close-set long rigid hairs, fruit 15-2 in. diam. globose Indehiscent densely clothed with long soft villous spines, pericarp thin crustaceous, seeds broad $ in. long dorsally compressed suborbicular, testa smooth crustaceous. . PERAK, King’s Collector. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1426, 1443, 1445). I am doubtful as to the genus of this fine plant. Maingay describes the tree as small, and hairs of the fruit as stinging, and the seeds as arillate. 44, M. ? Kunstleri, King in Herb. Calcutt.; quite glabrous except the Inflorescence, leaves 8-12 in. alternate long petioled coriaceous penni- nerved elliptic-lanceolate acute or acuminate subserrate or serrate eglandular ase decurrent, male fl. in sessile bracteate clusters on the divaricating rigid ranches of a large spreading sessile panicle, buds lanceolate, sepals glu- maceous and broadly ovate coriaceous, bracts more or less subsilkily pubes- Cent, margins ciliate. Prrax, Scortechini, Kunstler (King’s Collector). A tree, 40-60 ft.; branchlets woody, pale. Leaves smooth, very pale green or Yellowish above when dry, with a very strong midrib, yellowish green beneath ; nerves 15-20 pairs, spreading, strong but slender, nervules faint reticulate ; petiole -3 in., strong but not thick. Panicles axillary, 6-10 in. long and as broad; rachis and branches slender but very stiff, finely but not stellately pubescent, at length glabrate ; clusters of flowers rather distant, 4 in. diam., 4-6 fld. ; buds yọ in. long, me as long as the bracts, rigid, acute, pale brown; stamens 20-30, filaments gender, anthers didymous, cells usually separated by the thick connective.—A very istinct and handsome plant, of a totally different habit from any Mallotus, and which fan hardly doubt is generically distinct ; and if so, Dr. King proposes the name "nstlera glumacea, after his collector who has procured so many new and interesting Plants in Perak, lon M. 2 Vernicosus, Hook. f; quite glabrous, leaves alternate ong petioled rigidly coriaceous elliptic-ovate obtusely acuminate highly Polished above eglandular beneath, penni- and obscurely tripli-nerved, male Tacemes or panicles axillary solitary and in pairs ebracteate, flowers long Pedicelled, buds globose, sepals 4, stamens 30-40, connective narrow. 444. CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Mallotus. SINGAPORE, Botanical Garden, Cantley. . . . Branches stout, woody, terete, quite smooth, brown. Leaves 3-43 in., dull olive- green when dry above and brilliantly polished as if varnished, margin thin with a broad yellow border, base acute or rounded, nerves 6-8 pair including the intra- marginal basal pair, strong beneath, cross-nervules slender ; petiole 1-1} in., slender, terete, rigid. Male racemes stout, about as long as the leaves or longer, sometimes paniculately branched ; pedicels 4—4 in. long, stout; buds j in. diam.; sepals coria- ceous.—A remarkable plant, quite unlike any species of Mallotus known to me. The specimen bears a ticket inscribed Kaya Karangi, but it does not appear whether this is the name of a place or of the plant. M. MorvccaNvus, Linn.; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 958, is an Amboyna species ( Wall. Cat. 7827 B in part), cultivated in the Calcutta Bot. Garden. Bed- dome (Forester’s Man.) gives S. Arcot as a locality for it, but without authority. 55. CLEIDION, Blume. Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, usually sinuate-toothed, penninerved. Flowers small, moncecious or dicecious; males in long axillary racemes ; fem. 1-2 on a long axillary peduncle. Mate rr. Calyx globose, splitting ` into 3-4 valvate segments. Stamens over 20, in a globose mass on a conical receptacle; filaments free; anthers dorsifixed, 4-celled, or the 2 cells trans- ` versely didymous on the margins of a broad connective. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Sepals 3-5, imbricate. Ovary 2-3-celled; styles 2-3-fid, united below, arms long filiform; cells l-ovuled. Capsule of 1-3 2-valved cocci Seeds subglobose, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.— Species about 13, tropical. 1. C. javanicum, Blume Bijd. 613; leaves long-petioled elliptic, to oblong or elliptic-lanceolate acute or acuminate sinuate-toothed or entire, male tl. racemose on slender pedicels, fruit tridymous cocci globose smooth. Muell. Arg.in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 987; Thwaites Enum. 272; Kurz For. FI. 390; Beddome Sylv. Madr. t. 272; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 9, f. 3-0. Lasiostyles salicifolia, Presl Bot. Bemerk. 149. Rottlera urandra, Dalz. 1? Hook. Journ, Bot. ii. (1851) 229; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 230.— Wall. Cat. 7718, A, B, C, 7742, 7753, 7759 A. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 2-4000 ft., and KHasrA Mrs. to MUNNIPORE, BURMA, TENASSERIM, PENANG and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS ; and from the Conoan to TRA- VANCORE. CEYLON; Central Province.—DrsTRIB. Java. An evergreen tree. Leaves 4-8 by 14-43 in., coriaceous, green when dry, base acute, nerves 6-10 pair; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Racemes 3-8 in., pubescent OT almost glabrous; bracts minute; male fl. } in. diam., sessile and pedicelled ; fem. solitary on long thickened pedicels; sepals minute ; ovary 3-lobed, style and stigmas 3 in. long. Capsule 1-1} in. diam., on a peduncle 2-4 in. long. Seeds j- in. diam., globose, smooth, mottled or not. 2. C. nitidum, Tw. ex Kurz For. Fl. ii. 391; leaves very shortly petioled broadly to elliptically lanceolate acuminate at both ends sinuate- toothed above the middle, male fl. sessile in small clusters on a long slender spike. Mallotus nitidus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 979. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, rare, Kurz. CEYLON, Gardner, Walker, &c. d A small evergreen tree, Leaves 2-3) in., thinly coriaceous, brownish when m glossy; petiole j-3 in. Spike equalling or exceeding the leaves. Caly» glabro globose in bud.—An imperfectly known plant, of which I have seen no Andama lsland specimens, and of which the description is taken from Kurz. I have, howo p a Ceylon Cleidion collected by Gardner, in female flower, that agrees with paler deseription; the leaves are elliptic or obovate-oblong, dark brown above, Cleidion.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 445 beneath, polished on both surfaces; the female pedicel is about 1 in., the ovary tomentose, and the styles free nearly to the base. 56. MACARANGA, Thouars. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often large and peltate, entire or lobed, more or less glandular beneath, 3-5-plinerved. Flowers in axillary racemes or branched panicles, usually dicecious, apetalous; males many, clustered; fem. one or few under each bract; bracts often large, entire or toothed. Matz FL. minute. Calyx globose or obovoid ; sepals 3-4, valvate. Stamens ove or more, central ; filaments flexuous; anthers 3—4-locellate, cells more or less 2-valved. Pistillode 0. Frm. rt. Calyx 2-4lobed or toothed. Ovary 1-6-celled ; styles entire, long or short; cells 1-ovuled. , Capsules small, of 1-5 2-valved naked or armed cocci, often glandular or with a waxy coat. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous or osseous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 80; in the tropies of the Old World. Series I. Male and fem. fl. in branched panicles (except the fem. of M. trichocarpa). Ovary 1-3-celled ; styles free, short, recurved or reflexed. * Floral bracts of male panicles very small, not concealing the clusters of flowers. T Leaves not peltate. 1. M. pustulata, King in Herb. Calcutt. ; leaves orbicular ovate or Bubdeltoid acuminate nearly glabrous not or hardly peltate triple-nerved, panicles short hoary, stamens 20, styles very short, capsules 2-lobed tomen- tose, cocci with two large dorsal viscidly glandular patches. i TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; Kumaon, alt. 4-5000 ft., Duthie. SIKKIM ; alt. 2-4500 ft., ing, Clarke. Branches rather glaucous, tips rusty-pubescent. Leaves 3-6 in. broad, base truncate or subcordate, yellowish beneath, 2-glandular above at the petiole; basal nerves 5, lowest pair very short, lateral nerves 6-8 pair; petiole 3-4 in., hoary ; stipules large, ovate-lanceolate, upper recurved or revolute. Male panicles 2-8 àn.; racts very minute; flowers 4; in. diam., pubescent and glandular. Fruiting Panicles 2-3 in.; calyx 4-lobed, circumsciss ; stigmas lingulate, recurved. . Capsules $ in, diam., 2-valved across the cocci, which do not separate, pericarp thin. Seeds globose, nearly black, hilum large. 2. M. £melinsfolia, King in Herb. Calcutt.; leaves membranous subrhombic-ovate acuminate glabrous not peltate subglaucous beneath triple- nerved, base cuneate, male panicles hoary, stamens about 20. SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; at Kursiong, alt. 4500 ft., Kurz. 4 , Branchlets and petioles glaucous, tips of branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4- „în. broad and rather longer, grey-brown beneath, triple-nerved at base with some- times a short intramarginal pair, lateral nerves 6-8 pair, very slender, glands incon- *Pieuous, basal 0 ; petiole 3-5 in.; stipules large, ovate-lanceolate, revolute. Male Panicles 2-3 in. ; bracts very minute; flowers y in. diam., pubescent and glandular. ~I have seen but one specimen of this, kindly communicated by Dr. King, which appears to be distinct from M. pustulata in the less broad very membranous eaves, with broadly cuneate bases, faint nerves, and glaucous petioles. 3. M. Gamblei, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous Mininer ed, male panicles sioner pubescent, stamens 15-20, stipules minute uia SIEXIM TERA; at Dalkathar, Gamble. 446 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Macaranga. A small tree, branchlets not very stout, woody, glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., very obscurely sinuate-crenate, thinly coriaceous, base rounded shortly and obscurely triple-nerved with 2 glands above the base, ‘glands of under surface very obscure and sunk in the tissue of the leaf, but on some leaves there are very conspicuous large circular black glands; nerves 10-12 pair, very slender; petiole 3-1 in., very slender ; stipules at the tips of the branches, minute. Male panicles subtomentosely pubescent ; flowers 34; in. diam., pubescent and glandular.—I have seen only male flowers of this very distinct plant, which differs in habit and altogether in stipules from the two preceding. In stipules it resembles the group with M. javanica. tt Leaves deltoid-ovate, peltate, entire. 4. M. denticulata, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1000; leaves deltoid-ovate acuminate or obtuse base rounded or truncate peltate or cordate 9-13-nerved glabrous or puberulous beneath, male panicles slender, bracts minute, stamens 6-30, styles very short, capsule small didymous more or less clothed with waxy glands. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 287; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 363. M. gummiflora, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. Mappa denticulata, Blume Bijd.695; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 403. M. gummiflora, Miquel l. c. Suppl. 458. M. truncata, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 198. M. „allichi, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 430. M. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 10 H, I. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 3-5000 ft, J. D. H., &c. Assam and tbe KHasIA Mrs., ascending to 3000 ft., Wallich, &c. From CHITTAGONG to TENASSEBIM, common. PERAK; at Goping, King's Collector.—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. — A small evergreen tree; young parts rusty-tomentose ; branches and petioles at length hoary and rather glaucous. Leaves 4-12 in. diam., thinly coriaceous, rather longer than broad, base truncate with 2 glands above, glands beneath dense; nerva 6 or more pairs above the basal, strong beneath; petiole 2—4 in.; stipules small, ovate-lanceolate, tomentose, fugacious. Male panicles 4-6 in., hoary, with ver slender rachis, horizontal branches, and minute clusters of globose glandular sn pubescent flowers; bracts small, sometimes expanding into an elliptic tomentose lamina; sepals 2-3, hemispheric. Fem. panicles smaller than the males; calyx 3-4 lobed ; stigmas very short, linguiform, recurved. Capsules X in. diam., didy- mous, black, with yellow glands. Seeds globose, black.— Mueller describes the leaves as eglandular, probably through inadvertence. I find no difference between the Indian plants named denticulata and gummi*fiora, or their distribution, but I have seen no typical specimen of tbe former, which was described from a Javan plant, or of the latter which is a Sumatran one. Gamble gives Darjeeling alt. 5000 ft. as a locality for both. 5. M. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1883 and 1949, f. 2; leaves orbicular-ovate cuspidately acuminate or acute entire or toothed broadly peltate palma nerved, male panicle large broad, branches zigzag, bracts minute or Hr a large elliptic glandular appendage, stamens 3-8, ovary l-(rarely 2-)celled, styles subulate, capsule small globose or didymous glandular. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 11.1009 ; Kurz For. Flor. ii. 387 ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 363; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 287 right-hand figure, and Forester’s Man. 211. M. flexuosa, Wight Ie. t. 1909, f. iii. P Trewia hernandifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 374. Eastern HIMALAYA; Sikkim, alt. 3000 ft., King. Mitsumi HILLS, Griffith Knasra Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T., &e. Deccan PENINSULA ; es the Concan southwards, on the Western Ghats. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. C5712") abundant up to 4000 ft., Thwaites. sty- A tree, 50-60 ft.; branchlets very robust, glaucous, tips and young leaves er tomentose or flocculent. Leaves 6-8 in. diam., membranous or coriaceous, hove smooth and glabrous except the pubescent nerves; base rounded, 2-glandular 2°" Macaranga.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 447 beneath puberulous or softly tomentose and gland-dotted, with 6-8 pairs of nerves above the basal, and cross-nervules; petiole 6-12 in., glabrous, glaucous; stipules broadly ovate, acuminate, recurved. Male panicles with a glaucous peduncle and rusty-tomentose branches; clusters of flowers remote; floral bracts very broad, concave, or broader and flat, not concealing the flowers; glandular appendages 1— in. long ; flowers 4; in. diam.; sepals obovate, membranous, pubescent. Fem. panicles smaller, bracts glandular ; flowers pedicelled ; calyx 4-cleft ; styles equalling the globose glabrous waxy ovary. Capsule very small, rarely didymous.— Ceylon specimens have Normally didymous very small capsules, with the central axis often persistent as an elliptie disk. — Wights M. flezuosa, of which no specimen exists, is, I think, only M. indica with larger bracts of the male fl. than usual. 6. M. perakensis, Hook. f.; leaves 3-4 in. diam. deltoid-ovate cuspi- date base rounded peltate palmately 7-9-nerved minutely hoary beneath, male panicles very slender subtomentose, stamens 10-12, styles short recurved, capsules small didymous clothed with waxy glands. PERAK, Scortechini. Branchlets woody, puberulous, not glaucous, tips and young leaves rusty-tomentose. Leaves much smaller than in M. indica, membranous, glabrous and brown above with 2-3 glands at the base above, pale beneath, with 8-10 pair of nerves above the basal ; petiole 2-3 in. hoary ; stipules small, subulate, rusty-tomentose. Male panicles like those of M. denticulata, but smaller ; bracts at the base of the branches lanceolate, oral very minute, rounded ; flowers 44 in. diam. ; sepals 3-4, pubescent, hardly glandular. Fruiting racemes 1-1} in. Capsule 3 in. diam. ** Floral bracts of male large, often toothed, concealing clusters of owers. T Leaves peltate entire. (See also M. megalophylla.) 7. M. Tanarius, Muell Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 997; leaves broadly peltate ovate or deltoid or orbicular-ovate acuminate or cuspidate smuate-toothed, base rounded or cordate palmately nerved glabrous pubes- cent or tomentose beneath, bracts small toothed or pectinate, stamens 5-6, fem. fl. loosely panicled or racemed, styles slender subulate, capsules 2-3- lobed sparingly softly prickly. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 388. M. molliuscula, “rz mss. Mappa Tanarius & tomentosa, Blume Bijd. 624; Zolling. in Linnea xxviii. 307. M. Tanaria, Spreng. Syst. iii. 878; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. t n. 401; Benth. FI. Hongk. 304. M. glabra, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 14, f. sA. M. moluccana, Wight Ic. t. 816 (excl. syn.) ; Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1843) 233; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 456. Rottlera Tanaria & 9mentosa, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 238. R. integrifolia, Herb. Ham. Ri- Onus Tanarins, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 1.1430. R. Mappa, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 690. Croton Jaeciferus, Blanco Flor. Filip. Ed. ii. 517 (not of Linn.).— Wall. Cat. 7810, E, F. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. PERAK, Wray. Maracca, Maingay.—DISTRIB. alay Archipelago. A small tree; branchlets stout, glaucous, tips and young leaves softly pubescent. aves 6-24 in. long, sometimes as broad, membranous, glabrous or puberulous above » on both surfaces, glandular or not above at the insertion of the petiole ; nerves 6-8 pair above the basal, strong beneath; petiole 4-8 in., glaucous; stipules 4 in. long, roadly Ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, back pubescent. Male panicles long- Peduncled, slender, branched; bracts §—} in., acute, eglandular, rarely entire; wers 31: in. diam. ; sepals 3—4, membranous, glabrous. Fem. fl. in usually simply panicled spikes or racemes. Ovary hispid; styles larger than the carpels. Cap- q^ d of a large pea, clothed with waxy glands. Seeds globose, rough.—Roxburgh OL. v, eg 448 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE&. (J.D. ilovzzr.) [MMacaranga. describes 2 or 3 glands as present in the smallest superior 1 erves of his A. Mappa, the stipules as acute cordate and reniform, and the male sepals as 2. , S? ij 8. M. Roxburghii, Wight Ic. t. 194% f. 4, and v. ii. 23; leaves deltoid- or rhombic-ovate or orbicular broadly pelaire cugpidate palriatinerved entire or minutely toothed, bracts broad tomimd, stamens 2-5, ovary 1-celled, style lateral large sessile peltate pii amate,-carsule globose glandular with the persistent stigma on one side. #".alz. g Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 298. ; Wightiana, Baill, Etudes Gen. Euphoy^. 439. M. tomentosa, Wight L. c. t. 1949, f. 1, and v. ii. 23; Beddcme F”. Sylvat. t. 287. Mappa P peltata, Wight Ic. t. 817 ; Beddome Forester’s Man. 211. Osyris? peltata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 755.— Wall. Cat. 7810 A—D, G, K. The Deccan PENINSULA; in the Circars and on the Ghats, from the Concan to Travancore. CEYLON, abundant up to 3000 ft. A small resinous tree; branchlets very stout, glaucous, tips rusty-tomentose. Leaves 5-8 in. diam., coriaceous or thin, glabrous above except the pubescent nerves, and eglandular at the rounded base, beneath finely pubescent or glabrate and gland- dotted with 6-8 pairs of strong nerves above the basal, and strong cross-nervules ; petiole 3—6 in., glabrous or puberulous ; stipules ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, not broad, tomentose. Panicles densely rusty-tomentose, or the branches nearly glabrous; bracts at the axils and tases of the terminal branches very broad and often veined, floral hemispheric; flowers 2, in. diam. Fem. panicles simpler, branches racemose with larger bracts; calyx-limb obsolete; ovary densely glandular, glabrous or pu- berulous ; stigma sessile often embracing one side of the ovary, thickly papillose. Capsule globose, 1—3 in. diam. Seed globose; testa brown, erustaceous, rough. — Wight’s figure of M. Roxburghii, t. 1949, f. iv., is a reproduction of the right-hand figure of his t. 817, which is itself a copy of Roxburgh’s drawing of Osyris ? peltata. Of this the figure in question is intended to represent a portion of a male panicle ; it is very badly done. 9. M. Curtisii, Hook. f; branchlets petioles leaves beneath and panicles densely rusty-tomentose, leaves broadly peltate orbicular-ovat? acuminate sinuate-toothed palmatinerved, male panicles long laxly branched, bracts cymbiform acuminate entire, flowers very glandular, stamens 2-3. PENANG; on the West Hill, alt. 2000 ft., Curtis. A tree of medium size, branchlets woody. Leaves 6-10 in. long and nearly he broad, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above and eglandular at the insertion of the petiole; nerves 4-5 pair above the basal, strong beneath; petiole 5-7 in., ston . Male panicles as long as the petioles or longer ; bracts } in. and less ; flowers yo 1n» covered with large glands. tt Leaves peltate, lobed. 10. M. hypoleuca, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 992; branches petioles leaves beneath and branches of inflorescence milkily glaucous, leaves peltate palmatinerved broader than long deeply 3-lobed, lobes divergen ovate-oblong acuminate, male panicles long and long-peduncled, bracts toothed, stamen 1. styles very short, capsule 3-lobed, cocci each with two glandular lines. Mappa?hypolenca, Reichb. f. & Zoll. Rottler. 30; Lali in Linnea xxviii. 209; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 404, and Suppl. 499. Ricinus inermis, Wall. Cat. 7806. PENANG, Wallich. MALACCA, Grifith.—DIsTRIB. Sumatra, Borneo. thed Branches stout. Leaves 8-10 in. across the lateral lobes, coriaceous, clo ab- beneath with a white waxy secretion obscuring the glands, base rounded or "d cordate, 2-3-glandular above, lobes entire or with shallow teeth, each with 6-8 pa Macaranga.] cx) *. kuPHoRBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 449 of stout nerves; petiole 4-7 in.; stipules broad. Male panicles longer than the leaves ; bracts 4—4 in. long, broadly ovate, finely rusty-tomentose ; flowers 3, in. diam. ; sepals 3, membre ‘ous, papiliose; filament stout; anther 4-locellate. Fem. panicles shorter ; calyx cupular, toothed; ovary glabrous; styles subulate. Capsule } in. diam., rather depressed. Seeds imy€-ssed-punctate.— Mueller describes the fem. fl. as sometimes dianarous, no doubt ajbOV'ersight for the male. Ihave not seen the stipules, which are deciduous in my sel aens, mal ll. M. megalophylls, JM "4. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 995; branches petioles leaves beneath imd panicles densely rusty pubescent or tomentose, leaves very large and có.iaceous broadly peltate orbicular-ovate obtusely 3-lobed rugose and reticulately nerved beneath, lobes short rounded or obsolete, male and fem. panicles much branched peduncled, floral bracts of male broad pectinately toothed, stamens 1-3, ovary 2-celled, styles very short united at the base, capsules didymous glandular. M. rugosa, Muell. l. c. Mappa megalophylla & rugosa, Muell. Arg. in Flora 1864, 467. Tragia rugosa, Wall. Cat. 7807. Matacca, Griffith. PERAK, at Goping, King's Collector.—D18TRIB. Borneo. A tree, 40 ft. in Goping; branches woody but with large pith, puberulous. Leaves 12-18 in. long, above pubescent when young, when old glabrous except the Dérves, truncate or cordate at the eglandular base above, beneath dark brown with pairs of strong nerves cross-nervules and close deep reticulations concealing the glands; lobes entire, toothed or sinuately lobulate; petiole 1-2 ft., hoary, very stout ; Stipules very large, oblong, erect. Male panicles 6-10 in., braaches rather slender ; floral bracts à in., rhomboid, eglandular; flowers jj in. diam., tomentose ; sepals 3, ovate; stamens short; anthers 4-locellate. Fem. panicles broad; sepals 4. Capsules X in. diam. ; cocci globose, crustaceous, puberulous, and glandular, Seeds subcompressed globose, testa uneven thick.— Probably this does not differ from the - gigantea, Muell., of Sumatra. 12. M. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches glaucous and petioles and main branches of panicles glabrous, leaves broadly peltate very coriaceous rounded or broader than long in outline 3-lobed to or above the middle neath rusty-tomentose and closely deeply reticulate, lobes short divergent acuminate, male panicles subsessile much branched, floral bracts brown- tomentose broadly ovate acuminate deeply serrate, sepals 2-4 concave ensely tomentose, stamens 2. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1891). PERAK, King's Collector, —— d E tree, 30-40 ft. in Perak ; branches glabrous to the tips. Leaves 5-7 in. diam., the brown when dry and glabrous, when young rustily hoary above and eglandular at à € rounded concave base; lobes broad, entire or obscurely toothed, beneath finely ensely tomentose on the nerves and nervules which are so close that the glands are obliterated ; petiole 3-4 in.; stipules very broad, membranous, spreading, not recurved, deciduous. Male panicles 6 in. long and almost as broad, branches *"Preading and rachis slender; floral bracts 44j—1 in. long, 9-6.fld., those at the axils on . . j z . . t ger more acute entire; flowers gy in. diam. ; sepals rounded, glandular aud Omentose, 13. M. Hosei, King in Herb Caleutt.; branches glaucous and petioles and branches of panicle glabrous, leaves peltate or deeply cordate at the ase coriaceous broader than long 3-lobed to or below the middle puberulous eneath and hairy on the nerves, lobes broad divergent cuspidate, male Panicle very long-peduncled, bracts tomentose pectinately-toothed, fem. very db much Shorter, bracts entire, ovary 1-2-celled waxy glabrous, styles Malacca, Grigith. Purax, King's Collector, Scortechini. - eg2 450 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Macaranga. A tree, 30-40 ft.; branches stout, glabrous to the tips. Leaves 8-12 in. across the lateral lobes, dark brown above, eglandular at the concave cordate base, beneath paler with strong nerves and slender cross-nervules which bearlong spreading straig t hairs, glands invisible ; lobes very broad, distantly minutely toothed; petiole 3-5 » ; stipules very large, reniform, glabrous, reflexed but not revolute. Male panicle " 14 in. ; bracts at the axils glabrous, floral 2 in. long, 5—6-fld. ; flowers 4j; in.; sepals membranous, pubescent, eglandular. Fem panicle much shorter, with shorter stouter branches; flowers shortly pedicelled ; calyx 3—4-lobed; ovary clothed with yellow waxy glands. ttt Leaves not peltate, triple-nerved, deltoid -ovate, not lohed. 14. MI. minutiflora, Muell. Arg. in Flora (1864) 466, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1012; branchlets leaves beneath and panicles finely tomentose, leaves deltoid-ovate from a broadly cuneate base caudate-acuminate denticu- late, male panicles sessile shorter than the petioles, bracts ovate pectinately toothed villous eglandular, flowers villous, stamens 2. Kurz For. Fil. n. 388. M. Helferi, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c. 1004. TENassERIM, Helfer. b A shrub (Kurz); branches slender, terete ; pubescence fulvous. Leaves 4-6 M 3-4 in.. rather membranous, above greyish and minutely stellately pubescent, w! pubescent nerves and eglandular base; beneath glandular, with 4-5 pair of slender nerves above the basal and slender cross-nervules and reticulations ; petiole 13-2 imr stipules lanceolate, tomentose. Male panicles with very slender rachis and branches ; floral bracts 4} in., eglandular; flowers ṣẹ in.; sepals villous, cuneate. —The leaves of Mueller’s M. Helferi are rather more tomentose beneath than of M. minutifiord bot I find no other difference. Perhaps this is only a state of the following; the fruit is unknown. 15. M. trichocarpa, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1003; branchlets leaves beneath and panicles finely tomentose, leaves ovate Or deltoid-ovate acuminate denticulate scaberulous above, panicles very short, bracts large ovate pectinately toothed glandular and villous within, for, panicles few-fld., capsule 2-lobed clothed with soft bristly white prick a Mappa trichocarpa, Reichb. & Zoll. Rottler.8; Zolling. in Linnea TS 307: Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 402. M. Zollingeri, Miquel l.c. Suppl. 491- M. borneensis, Muell. Arg. in DC. l. c.—Wall. Cat. 7831. PERAK, Scortechini. SINGAPORE, Wallich, Hullett, King’s Collector. MALACCA, Beemann.- DISTRIB. Sumatra, Malay Islands, Cochin China. 6 b Branches rather slender, terete; tips and young leaves villous. Leaves 4- y 2-34 in., rather rigid, above greyish, puberulous on the nerves and stellately scaber? lous hetween them and sometimes 2-glandular at the petiole, beneath yellowish or rte, glandular and simply pubescent; petiole velvety, 1-2} in.; stipules lanceola i villous. Male panicles 1-13 in., subsessile, rachis and short branches sessile ; for bracts } in. long, membranous, veined, gland-dotted, with a villous pad at the E within in my specimen, Fem. fl. 2-3, subsessile at the top of a short peduneri calyx elongate urceolate, acutely 4—5-fid; styles small. Capsule 4 in. across no cocci, which are thinly erustaceous. Seeds globose, black, rugose.—I have seer n flowers, Mueller describes the stipules as broad and obtuse. The simple fem. inflorescence is that of the following section. tttt Leaves not peltate, ovate or oblong. 16. M. populifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1006; near? glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-oblong acuminate quite en od brown and glaucons beneath, male panicles very short and shortly pedene “i, bracts small very broad toothed acuminate glandular, flowers glabro Macaranga.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 451 stamens 1-2, styles very short, capsules small didymous covered with waxy glands. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 389. Mappa populifolia, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 198. Pachystemon populifolius, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 462.— Wall. Cat. 7813. PrwawG, Wallich. Mauacoa, Griffith, Maingay. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz.— DısTRIB. Sumatra, Borneo. A small evergreen tree; branches rather slender, terete, tips quite glabrous or puberulous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2} in. membranous, brown above when dry, base eglandular rounded, beneath of a dark yellow-brown colour, triple-nerved and with 6-8 pair of slender nerves above the basal, cross-nervules very faint ; petiole 1-3 in., Very slender; stipules lanceolate. Male panicles shorter than the petioles ; branches short; bracts at the axils obtuse, hoary, floral concave giabrous; flowers 45; in. diam. ; sepals broad; anthers 4-locellate. Capsule 4 in. diam., yellow from the glands. Seeds globose, rough.—Kurz describes the cocci as sparingly and minutely tubercled. 17. M. javanica, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1004; shoots and panicles rusty-tomentuse, leaves long-petioled ovate-lanceolate from a broadly cuneate base acuminate entire strongly tripli- and penni-nerved, panicles elongate subsessile, bracts of male broadly ovate pectinately serrate and glandular, sepals 2-3 very broad glabrous, stamens 2-3, stigmas large teflexed lobed, capsule minute 2-lobed densely glandular. Wawra It. Pr. Sax. Cob. Bot. 48. Mappa javanica, Blume pn 625; Zolling. in Linnea xxviii. 308. M. bancana, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 458. Rottlera javanica, Hassk. in Cat. Hort. Bogor. 238; Miquel l. e.i. ii. 403. R. mon- tana, Heyne mss.— Wall. Cat. 7835. PENANG? and SINGAPORE, Wallich. Maracca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4725), ervey. —DISTRIB. Java. , . Branches stout, woody, terete, black, sparsely pubescent towards the tips which and the youngest leaves are red with scurfy stellate pubescence. Leaves 5-7 by 14- 3 in., coriaceous, above smooth biglandular and minutely cordate with incurved Margins at the very base, beneath red-brown with 6-7 pair of very strong nerves above the bases, and close strong cross-nerves, glands pitted; petiole 1-2j iu.; stipules variable, linear or lanceolate from a broad base. Male panicles 6-8 in., rachis and branches slender; floral bracts very broad, } in. long ; flowers gg in. diam. ; Sepals orbicular, concave. Fem. panicles as long but less branched than the male ; bracts shorter ; calyx 4-lobed ; styles fleshy. Capsule }-§ in. diam., black when dry. eeds 3. in, diam., globose, nearly smooth, black.—Mueller describes the capsule of the Javan plant as covered with soft green prickles. The bracts of the Peninsular Specimen are larger than in the Javan. Series IT. Male ft. in branched anicles, fem. subcapitate on a stout short Peduncle. Ovary field styles united below into a short often thickened all n to the ovary. Leaves peltate and often lobed.— The species are all very imperfectly known. (See also M. trichocarpa.) 18. M. Kingii, Hook. f.. uite glabrous, leaves very large rather bam branons broadly peltate palnatinerved 5-lobed eglandular beneath, t © rounded and sinuatel y angled, lobes ovate-lanceolate acuminate sinuate- Sothed midlobe much the longest, fruiting racemes very short shortly and very stoutly peduncled, capsules large depressed slightly 4—5-lcbed m stigmas 4—5 slender erect combined at the base. ^LAY PENINSULA; Jaffaria at Johore, King's Collector. _ the] small tree ; branches glaucous, smooth, fistular. Leaf 20 in. long by 24 across la ateral lobes, above smooth, eglandular on both surfaces, greenish when dry, longer teral lobes 10 by 3 in., midlobe 12 by 5 in., 9-nerved from the base, with 12-15 pair 452 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACER. (J.D. Hooker.) [Macaranga. of nerves on the midlobe, cross-nervules slender ; petiole 12 in., stout, soft, terete, swollen at the fleshy base which is much contracted when dry ; stipules on the stem free, 1 in. long, lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, and with the margins recurved, Capsules shortly pedicelled, forming a head 1} in. diam., at the end of a very ston smooth axillary peduncle 1-1} in. long; each capsule j in. diam., very obscure y tubercled and with 2 glandular patches on each carpel; styles persistent, ¢ 1. long, pericarp very thin. Seeds subglobose, compressed laterally towards the hilum, pale brown, opaque, nearly smooth ; testa thin, crustaceous.—A very remarkable species. 19. M. Griffithiana, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 993; quite glabrous except the panicles, leayes broadly peltate palmatinerved orbicular or obovate from a rounded base quite glabrous subglaucous beneath shortly 3-lobed above the middle, lobes triangular acute, male panicles long. peduncled, floral bracts short concave cuspidate entire or obscurely toothe rusty tomentose, sepals tomentose and glandular, stamens 3—4, fem. panicles shorter flowers 3-nate, styles short stout connate into a short tumid crown. Mappa triloba, Muell. Arg. in Flora 1864, 466. Matacca, Griffith. PERAK, Scortechini ; Goping, King’s Collector. A medium-sized tree in Perak; branches smooth, terete, fistular, glauco glabrous to the tips. Leaves 6-10 by 5-9 in., usually narrowed at the rounce eglandular base, thinly coriaceous, yellowish when dry, smooth on both surface above obscurely glandular, beneath with 6-7 pairs of nerves above the basal p» faint cross-nervules, Jobes suberect, entire or remotely denticulate, sinus rouu he Male panicles 6-10 in. ; peduncle and branches glabrous or tomentose ; bracts rdi ds axils } in., lanceolate, caducous ; floral bracts closely imbricating, forming ovoid hen h iin. long; flowers y in. diam. ; sepals orbicular, glandular. Fem. panicles mus stouter, more tomentose, with the flowers usually at the ends of the branches "he sessile; calyx cupular 3-lobed, ovary 3-5 celled, carpels glandular towards : : ; e base; styles thick, subulate, erect or recurved, forming a tumid crown to th ovary. 20. M. triloba, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 989; leaves large deeply peltate palmatinerved 3-lobed from a broad rounded base glandu " toothed, lobes oblong-ovate acuminate lateral ascending midlobe longee» retienlate above beneath obscurely glandular and puberulous on the ne male panicles subsessile, bracts small concave, fem. fl. few capitate or te short axillary very stout peduncle, ovary 5-celled, styles 5 short erect aou t combined below into a tumid crown, capsule depressed, cocci produce M the back into blunt cones. Pachystemon trilobus, Blume Bijd. 626 ; Wig Te. t. 1949, f. 5; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 20, f. 38-41 ; Muell. Arg. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev, xvii. ii. 454 with analysis. Ricinu trilobus, Reinw. in Blume Cat. 108.— Wall. Cat. 7809. PrNawG, Wallich. Perak and Gornona, Scortechini, King's Collector. SINGAPORE, Cantley.—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. . sther Branches as thick as the little finger, terete, smooth. Leaves 8-12 in. el the way, or narrower than broad, margin rather waved, glands large terminating obe short teeth, above opaque not smooth, beneath brownish, nearly glabrous; m'i les with often 16-20 pairs of nerves; petiole 6 in., stout, terete, puberulous ; SO Ped much broader than long, recurved or revolute. Male panicles stoutly pedune als branches tomentose; flowering bracts i in. long; flowers 5 in. diam. ; Ale; obcuneate, papillose. Fem. peduncle 1} in., with the scar of a bract at the m! tose ; flowers 6-10, quite sessile (bracts all fallen away); calyx 4-lobed, tomas ^ ovary tomentose at the base, above it covered with yellow waxy glands. Ce 7 . . it (unripe) j in. diam., crown nearly flat.—I have seen only two leaves and young fru of this fine species. 21. M. Hullettii, King in Herb. Calcutt. ; glabrous, leaves oblong- 9* JMacaranga.] CXXXV. EvPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 453 ovate-lanceolate from a rounded peltate base entire caudate-acuminate sinuate-dentate minutely glandular beneath, fem. fl. few capitate on an axil- lary short very stout peduncle, ovary 4—5-celled, styles 5 short acute connate into a subglobose base, capsule depressed, cocci produced into conical horns. Perak, King’s Collector. : A small tree; branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, terete, hollow, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in., broadest opposite the insertion of the petiole, thinly coriaceous, above rather shining and reticulate, eglandular at the 7-nerved base, beneath opaque, paler, with 8-10 pairs of slender nerves above the basal and slender cross-nervules ; petiole 3-4 in., very slender; stipules not seen. Peduncle of fem. fl. 1 in., very stout; calyx 4-lobed. Capsules bluish, 4-3 in. diam., hemispheric below, horns glandular. Series III. Male and fem. fl. racemose, or fem. subsolitary. Styles very long and slender. Leaves narrow, not peltate. 22. M. digyna, Muell. Arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 1007; nearly glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate from a rounded base caudate-acuminate obscurely crenulate copiously glandular beneath, racemes very slender, bracts of male very minute, stamens 10-12, capsules racemose compressed didymous. Beddome Forester’s Man. 211. Rottlera digyna, Thwaites Enum. 973. Mappa digyna, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 198. Claoxylon digynum, Wight £c. t. 1884. CEYLON ; at Caltura, &c., Moon, Walker, &c. z . A small tree; branchlets slender, terete, smooth, tips glandular. Leaves 5-8 by 1}-2 in., thinly coriaceous, shortly triple-nerved and 2-glandular at the very base above; nerves 8-15 pair above the basal, very slender; petiole 1-3 in., very slender ; stipules on the terminal buds only 4 in., needle-shaped. Male racemes 3-4 in., quite simple; bracts subulate or 0; male fl, 3; in. diam., buds globose ; sepals 3, orbicular, glan- dular. Fem. racemes longer ; sepals 4, very unequal ; stigmas filiform, $ in. long. Capsules 3 in. diam.; cocci quite smooth, thinly crustaceous. Seeds globose, brown, shining. i 23. M. Lowii, King in Herb. Calcutt.; glabrous except the inflo- rescence, leaves long-petioled elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate (some- times obtusely) coriaceous penninerved minutely glandular beneath, male racemes sessile slender pubescent, bracts small concave, stamens 15-20, cap- sules 1-3 terminating a long peduncle with a foliaceous bract didymous *pinous.— Wall. Cat. 7996 (flowers monstrous) and 9100. PEnana, Wallich; on Goot Hill, Curtis. PERAK, King’s Collector. SINGA- PORE, Cantley, . Leaves A small tree; branches woody, terete, glabrous or nearly so to the aps ee -7 by 1-2 in., pale when dry, and rather shining above, margins with o oseur ves tant glands, tips long or short, cordate at the very narrow 2.glandular base; x lea 2-14 pair, very slender, cross-nervules faint ; petiole 1-3 in., very slender ; § pe ‘ts rigid, subulate, 3 in. long. Male racemes sometimes as long as the leaves ; rats tomentose, shorter than the flowers, concave, acute; flowers 45-1 in. diam., g E. et and hispidulous ; sepals orbicular. Peduncle of fem. fl. 2-3 in., stout, st! eec Pubescent ; flowers 1-9 near the end of the peduncle; bract j in. long and, brow . orbicular, toothed, acute ; sepals 6, lanceolate ; ovary spinous ; styles Jong, re Capsules 1-$ in diam., puberulous; cocci globose, thickly crustaceous. Seeds globose, ; ; mel rown, polished.— The Singapore plant is not in a good state, the stipules are extreme!y slender, 24. M. Brandisii, King in Herb. Calcutt.; glabrous, leaves shortly 454 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Macaranga. etioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate or caudate penninerved with scattered Plack glands beneath, fem. bracts large leafy, capsules didymous glandular smooth or with a few soft prickles. TENASSERIM, on Moolyet, alt. 2-6000 ft., Beddome, Gallatly. thint A tree, 20 ft. ; branchlets slender, woody, terete, tips glandular. Leaves. ul coriaceous, 4-6 by 1-2 in. margins eglandular, base acute or rounded minute y cordate eglandular; nerves 8-10 pairs, very slender; petiole 3-1 in., slender, 9 der viscid; stipules minute, setaceous. Peduncles of fem. fl. 2—4 in., VY AT at les 1-2-fld., erect, leafy ; bracts 4-1} in., broadly ovate to lanceolate ; sepals 4; s ther filiform, about as long as the cocci. Capsule j-2 in. diam.; cocci globose, ra compressed, crustaceous. Seeds globose, smooth, brown. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN, DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. M. DEPRESSA, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 989, is a Javan and Borneatt plant; Ceylon is given as a locality to a specimen in Thunberg’s Herbariu Upsala, but there is no confirmation of it. M. INVOLUCRATA, Muell. Arg.l.c. 1011, from Bengal (Leschenhault), tine doubt a garden plant, and is Wallich’s No. 4621 from the Calcutta Garden. 1 bel it to be a native of the Moluccas. M.sr.? Chittagong (Hook. f. 4 T., Clarke); a small tree, branches o glaucous quite glabrous, leaves narrowly peltate ovate acuminate glaucous bene base rounded eglandular, nerves 8-10 pair very slender, petiole as long as the blade. M. MEMBRANACEA, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 889 ; an erect subsimple shrub, leaves long- petioled membran ous hardly peltate entire and ovate lanceolute caudate acumina vel broadly ovate and entire or with 2-3 caudate lobes minutely gland-dotted, mars or minutely toothed above minutely scaberulous beneath pubescent, base cunea 1 3 truncate, nerves very slender, petiole 2-3 in. very slender, male fl. unknown, fem. " l sepals at the top of a slender peduncle with a lacerate puberulous leafy br act fort urceolate. embracing the style base, ovary hirsute and glandular, styles żin. i * red glabrous, capsule 2-coccous 2-lobed, cocci size of a small pea powdered with ica glands and loosely covered with filiform flexuous smooth bristles, seeds Spb nan brown smooth glabrous.—Pegu, Ava and Martaban, alt. 4—6000 ft., Kurz. žute» J. Anderson.—1 am indebted to Dr. King for specimens. M. JAVANICA, var. montana, Wawra, Bot. It. Pr. Sax. Cob. 48.—I am unable to identify this. 57. PTYCHOPYXIS, Miquel. A tree with densely tomentose very stout branchlets petioles and info- rescence; hairs simple. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branchie’, alternate, very coriaceous, oblanceolate, acuminate, entire, penninerve i petiole very short. Flowers axillary, dioecious ?, crowded and BUTTO ate with densely tomentose thick lanceolate bracts; males spicate, fem. cap! ery Mate ru. Sepals 4-5, subequal, thick, valvate. Disk 0. Stamens V his numerous, in a globose head on a convex hairy receptacle; flame 4 flexuous, filiform, with subulate tips; anthers broadly oblong, flat, c uced 1n superposed pairs on each side of the broad connective, which is P blong beyond them into a broad acute triangular point, two upper celis © lly ; two lower much smaller, testicular, slits of all introrse longitu “hic » polen very minute. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Sepals 6, lanceolate, le vil- unequal or subequal, persistent. Ovary 3-celled, and elongate ee idly lously tomentose; stigmas or style-arms 3; short, recurved, entire, hisp Plychopyris.] ^ cxxxv. EuPHORBIAcEK. (J. D. Hooker.) 455 papillose on the inner surface; cells l-ovuled. Fruit large, broadly ovoid, densely velvety, suddenly tapering into a long stout velvety beak or style ; pericarp with 6 thick raised ribs, wrinkled transversely. P. costata, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 402 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1703. Perrak, Scortechini, King’s Collector. Mawacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 5031). Marneay (K. D. 1442).—DisvRIB. Sumatra. A tree, 30—70 ft., branchlets woody. Leaves 6-12 in., base contracted rounded or subcordate, above glabrous except sometimes the midrib, beneath more or less rusty-tomentose; nerves 15-20 pair, cross-nervules impressed above, much raised beneath ; petiole $ to 4 in.; stipules subulate. Male spikes 3-5 in., very stout. and as well as the flowers densely brown velvety; flowers shorter than the bracts, solitary or clustered, sessile or shortly stoutly pedicelled, globose in bud, expanded about in. diam. ; sepals broadly elliptic or oblong, leathery, glabrous within; stamens 100 or more, contorted in bud, glabrous. Clusters of fem. fl. à in. diam., covered with lanceolate velvety bracts like those of the male; sepals about } in. long. Fruit 1-13 in. diam.; pericarp thin except at the thick wavy close-set ridges ; endocarp thin. Seeds immature.—I refer this with little hesitation to Miquel's P/ychopyzis, of Which its author had very imperfect specimens. It agrees in the foliage with his description and with a slight sketch made by Professor Oliver from the type speci- men lent to Kew trom Leyden, when the Z7/liacee (to which the genus was doubtfully referred by Miquel) were being examined for the “ Genera Plantarum." 58. HOMONOIA, Lour. Rigid shrubs. Leaves alternate, narrow, or short and toothed, glandular- lepidote. Flowers in many- or few-fld. axillary spikes, or from the old wood, usually dioscious, apetalous. Disk 0. Mare FL. Calyx globose, splitting Into 3 valvate segments. Stamens numerous, in a dense globose head of branched filaments and anthers; anther-cells subglobose, divaricate, sessile on the filament, connective obscure. Pistillode 0. Fem ri. Sepals 5-8, narrow, unequal, imbricate, caducous. Ovary 3-celled; styles spreading, entire, papillose; cells 1-ovuled. Capsule small, of 3 smooth 2-valved cocci. eeds ovoid, testa crustaceous, hard, with a thin fleshy coat, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 3 or 4, Malayan. J. H. riparia, Lour. Fl. Coch. 637 ; leaves linear-oblong or -lanceolate quite entire or serrulate towards the tip densely glandular beneath, spikes long slender. Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 200, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1023; Brand. For. FL 401; Kurz For. Fli. 401; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 364; Beddome Fl. Sylv. & 919. Adelia neriifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 375; Jus). Fl. Ind. ii. 849; Wight Ic. t. 1808; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 185; Dale. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 231, Ricinus salicinus, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 264. Spathiostemon salicinus, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. Ed. Nov. 4l. S. Pwense, Blume Bijd, 692; Thwaites Enum. 273 (not of BL). Hemato- .Permum salicinum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb, 993. H. neriifolium & Monee Wall. Cat. 7953, 7955. Croton salicifolius, Geisel. Croton. ogr. 6. th Rocky river banks, Srxxrm HiwaravA, alt, 1-2000 ft., J. D. H. Assam and e KHasrA Hitz and southward to BURMA, TENASSERIM aud the ANDAMAN some and BuNDELKUND, Edgeworth. DkocAN PENINSULA, from the Concan me ward. CEYLON, common.— DisrRIB. Java. rigid evergreen shrub ; branches terete and leaves beneath glabrous or pubescent. aves erect, 24-7 in., hard when dry and red-brown beneath, obtuse acute or acumi- 456 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Homonota. nate, base acute or rounded ; nerves 10-30 pairs; petiole ~,-} in. Spikes 2-5 in.; flowers quite sessile, males 4 in. diam. ; rachis pubescent ; bracts acuminate. Sepals of male oblong, glabrous, of fem. ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Ovary pubescent. Capsule 4 in. diam., globose, tomentose, smooth or sparingly tubercled. 2. H. retusa, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 200, and in DC. Prodr. xv.ii. 1022; leaves obovate or cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate entire or toothed towards the tip sparsely glandular beneath, spikes short stout. Brandis For. Fl. 445; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.185; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 231; Beddome Forester's Man. 212. Adelia retusa, Wight Ic. t. 1869. A. cuneata, and Hematospermum cuneatum, Wall. Cat. 7954. In river beds, Deccan PENINSULA, from the Concan to the Nilgbiris. uu A small rigid glabrous shrub, with stout woody branches. Leaves 1-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, narrowed from above the middle to the acute base, tip rounded or retuse often mucronate; nerves 6-10 pairs; petiole very short. Spikes $-1 in. bracts subulate, rachis giabrous; flowers minute. Sepals of male glabrous, of fem. pubes cent. Capsules j;— in. diam., hoary. 59. LASIOCOCCA, Hook. f. A small tree. Leaves alternate or subternately whorled, shortly petioled, narrow, quite entire, penninerved, eglandular. Flowers moncecious, apeta- lous; males in axillary racemes; fem. solitary, in the upper axils pedicelled. Mate rr. Calyx globose, splitting into 3 valvate concave segments. Disk 0. Stamens very many, in a dense globose head of branched filaments bearing many anthers; anther-cells globose, divaricate, connective arching over the top and sides of the cells. Pistillode 0. Fem. ru. Sepals 5-7, unequal, imbricate, glandular and pubescent, persistent and enlarged in fruit. Ovary 3-celled; styles 23, filiform, combined in a column below; cells ]-ovuled. Capsule of 3 cocci, densely clothed with rigid hispidly setose pales. A remarkable genus, differing from Homonoia in the inflorescence, persistent fem. sepals enlarged in fruit, and the capsule densely clothed with rigid setose paleæ. L: symphilliæfolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1587. Homonoya sy™ philliæfolia, Kurz in Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 364. SIKKIM TERAI, Gamble (and cult. in Calcutta Bot. Garden). A moderate tree (Gamble). Branchlets terete with white bark; shoots pubes: cent. Leaves 3-6 by 1-1} in., panduriformly lanceolate, acuminate, contracte above the narrow cordate base, smooth, glabrous, green when dry ; nerves 8-10 pair, slender, arched ; petiole ;,—] in., pubescent. Male racemes pendulous, many-fid.5 rachis pubescent ; bracts rounded, concave, pubescent ; flowers shortly pedicelled, 4 in. diam., or smaller, Sepals orbicular, membranous, finely pubescent. Stamens effuse, anthers minute. Fem. flowers erect, on hispid glandular bracteolate pedicels iin. long. Sepals irregularly placed, 2-3 inner much smaller than the others, outermost broadly ovate, the others ovate-lanceolate, all glandular on the back and with the margins with long simple and shorter gland-tipped hairs. Disk obscure or 0. Ovary subglobose, 3-labed, pubescent ; styles long, erect, connate below in a stout column, with three slender erect arms. Capsule (immature) 4 in. diam., depressed, seated on the enlarged spreading linear-oblong acuminate glandular sepals.— The native spect mens are male, with flowers as described; the Calcutta Garden ones have muc smaller male flowers. 60. POLYDRAGMA, Hook. f. A shrub or small tree ¥ Leaves*alternate, elliptic-oblong or -obovate Polydragma.] CXXXV. guPHomRBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 457 cuspidately caudate or acuminate, penninerved, eglandular. Flowers small in axillary racemes, dioecious, apetalous. Disk 0. Mark Fv. globose in bud. Sepals 3, broad, concave, valvate. Stamens very many, filaments combined below in 6 bundles, each bundle branching out at the top into a globose mass of stipitate didymous anthers, connective arching over the top of both cells. Pistillode 0. “Frm. rr. Sepals 5, unequal, lanceolate, erect. Ovary globose, granulate and hispid; styles 3, elongate, subulate, erect, papillose on the inner surface, ovules l in each cell. Fruit? P. mallotiformis, Hook. f. MALAY PENINSULA; Perak, Scortechini. Branches slender, terete, woody, branchlets and racemes finely pubescent. Leaves 6-9 in., membranous, green when dry, base acute or cuneate; nerves 5—6 pairs, with a very short basal marginal pair, all and the midrib very slender, cross-nervules distant; petiole 14-2 in., slender, hoary; stipules small, subulate. Male racemes Spiciform, solitary but numerous, 1—3 in., erect; pedicels short, 3-bracteate; bracts minute, ovate, acute; buds i in. diam. ; sepals membranous, nearly glabrous, obtuse, 3-uerved ; filaments in 6 (rarely more) bundles, branching irregularly from below the middle; anthers innumerable, cells connate, connective forking at the top and arching over each cell but quite inconspicuous between them. Fem. racemes 3-4 in., slender, erect, lax-fid. to the base; pedicels à-i in., 3.bracteolate at the base; sepals jj in., pubescent and ciliate ; ovary covered with minute rounded tubercles and also sparsely hairy; styles about twice as long as the sepals. 60*. RICINUS, Linn. A tall glabrous annual, sometimes shrubby or subarboreous. Leaves alternate, broad, palmately 7-many-lobed, serrate. Flowers large, in ter- minal subpanicled racemes, moncecious, apetalous, upper male crowded, lower female. Disk 0. MALE FL. Calyx membranous, splitting into 3-5 valvate segments. Stamens very many, filaments crowded variously con- nate or in branching clusters ; anther-cells distinct, distant, subglobose, divergent. Pistillode 0. Frm. ru. Calyx spathaceous, caducous. Ovary 3-celled ; styles short or long, spreading, often very large, entire 2-fid or 2- partite, feathery or papillose; cells l-ovuled. Capsule ot 3 2-valved cocci. Beeds oblong, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat. R. communis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1007; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 1017; Rozb. Fl, Ind. ii. 6892 Brand. For. Fl, 445; Kurz For. Fl. D. 400; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 183; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 78; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 363; Sibth. Flor. Grac. x. t. 952; Hayne Arzneigew. x. t. 48; Schkuhr Handb. t. 312; Benth. & Trim. Med. Pl. iv. t. 237; Gerin. Pruct. t. 107; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. t. 10,11; Bot. Mag. t. 2209. R. inermis, Jacq. Ic. Rar.i.t.195. R. lividus, Jacg. Je. Rar. 1. t. 196; Schkuhr Handb. t. 812; Reichb. Hort. Bot. t. 153. R. speciosus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 307, t. 63, f£. 2. R. spectabilis, Blume Bijd. 623. R. viridis, Willd. Hort, Berol. t. 49. Croton spinosus, Linn. Sp. Pil. 1005.— Wall. Cat. 7804.— Rheede Hort, Mal. ii. t. 32. Cultivated throughout Inpra and naturalized near habitations.— DISTRIB. Tropics generally, probably indigenous in Africa. in evergreen bush or small tree; shoots and panicles glaucous. Leaves green or reddish, 1-2 ft. diam., membranous, lobes from oblong to linear acute or acuminate, gland.serrated ; petiole 4-12 in. Racemes stout, erect. Male fl. } in. diam. ; fem. 458 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ricinus. calyx nearly as long; styles often highly coloured. Capsule 4-1 in. long, globosely oblong, smooth or echinate. Seeds oblong, smooth, mottled. 61. BENDOSPERMUIM., Benth. Trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, rounded, ovate-cordate, often. su» peltate, entire, 3—5-plinerved. Flowers small, in axillary long simp e spikes or racemes, diœcious, apetalous; males clastered, subsessi e M the rachis; fem. solitary in the bracts. Mate rr. Calyx globose, shor y unequally subvalvately 4-toothed. Stamens 6-10, on a convex or cons receptacle, filaments short; anthers didymous, equally 4-locellate s -valved. Pistillode 0, or minute. FEM. FL. Calyx 5-toothed. Ovary ile celled; styles connate, forming a flat spreading entire or 3-lobed disk; ce s l-ovuled. Fruit globose or indehiscent.9-3-lobed, endocarp orustacenu , columella 0. Seeds globose, testa reticulately rugose ; embryo ?— Species 3—4, Malayan and Chinese. l. E. malaccense, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864), 469, and » DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1132 ; leaves orbicular-ovate, obtuse or acute, above Ë " brous or puberulous, beneath hoary and studded with minute glands, bas rounded or subcordate eglandular, fruit stellately hoary. PENANG, PERAK, SINGAPORE and MALACCA, Griffith, &c. . . us A tree; branchlets stout, pubescent or furfuraceous. Leaves 4—6 in., NA ed pale grey when dry above, yellowish or pale brown beneath, base cuneate roun ed or subcordate ; nerves 3-4 pair above the basal strong as are the cross-nervu " tors reticulations ; petiole 3-5 in. Racemes 3-4 in., slender, hoary, flower-elus era scattered; male fl. 3, in., sessile; fem. pedicelled. Fruit j in. diam., gio ose didymous, pericarp thin, wrinkled when dry, yellow, densely minutely glandular. 2. E. perakense, King in Herb. Calcutt.; nearly glabrous, leaves broadly ovate-cordate glabrous above, base eglandular, fruit viscid. Perak; at Larut, King’s Collector. h more A tree, 80 ft., resembling E. malaccense, but the branchlets are muca der slender and quite glabrous, leaves smaller (3-5 in. long), peticle more siende’, : " iscid fruiting racemes shorter (3 in. long), quite glabrous, and fruit clothed with a vise! secretion. 3. E. chinense ? Benth. Fl. Hongk. 304; leaves broadly ovate obtuse base truncate with 2 large glands beneath at the insertion of t petiole.— Wall. Cat. 7846. Perak, Scortechini. SINGAPORE, Wallich. . nd The specimens are very imperfect, but agree with the Chinese plant in form Kew the large tumid yellow glands at the base ot the leaf.—A similar plant is im the Herbarium, from Palembang in Java, Wallich’s specimens are in leaf only. 62. GELONIUM, Roz). Evergreen glabrous shrubs or small trees ; branches with stipular lines at the nodes. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, pellucid-punctate, cc o: serrate ; stipules connate, sheathing, caducous. Flowers small, in sessi o shortly pedicelled axillary clusters, diœcious, apetalous. MALE FL. Separ o n orbicular, concave, imbricate. Disk obsolete. Stamens 10-60, crowde ells a convex receptacle, filaments filiform; anthers oblong, dorsifixed ; € Gelontum.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 459 parallel, introrse. Pistillode 0. Frm. FL. Sepals 5-6, narrower than in the males, imbricate. Disk cupular: rarely enlarged and bearing stami- nodes. Ovary 2-4-celled; styles minute, reniform, semi-lunate or 2-fid, depressed; cells l-ovuled. Fruit globose, 3-4-gonous or 2-4-lobed, fleshy coriaceous or crustaceous, tardily dehiscent. Seeds subglobose, arillate, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 15, Tropical Asian and African. l. G. multifiorum, 4. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. ii. t. 10. f. 31 A; leaves 3—7 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, male fl. 4 in. diam., stamens 40-60, fruit 1-3 in. diam. globose obscurely 3-lobed, pericarp very thick fleshy. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1127; Kurz For. Fl.ii. 409. G. fasciculatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 832 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3231. Suregada glabra, Roxb. mss. S. multiflora, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 396. S. bilocularis, Wall. Cat. 7981 B (in part), C. Rot- hera fasciculata & congesta, Herb. Ham.— Wall. Cat. 7980 B (one sheet) and 2. BENGAL and the Crrcars, Roxburgh, and northward to the foot of SIEKIM Himataya. J.D. H. From CHITTAGONG to TENASSERIM and MALACCA, UPPER and L wer Burma.—Disrris. Siam, China, Malay Islands. A tree, 30-40 ft, quite glabrous. Leaves bright green, coriaceous, narrowed at the acute base; petiole very short. Flowers sometimes subracemose, yellow, odorous, males in clusters or peduncled cymes; receptacle glandular. Stules short, papillose, obcordate or 2-cleft with the arms 2-fid. Fruit rough, with a very thick pericarp enclosing 3 crustaceous 2-valved cocci. Seeds 4 in. diam., sub- globose, testa with broad shallow pits.—The minute styles are very variable, usually obcordate, but sometimes with short subulate papillose arms. Ina cultivated specimen (Hort. Liverpool) the fem. disk is greatly enlarged and pitted and bearing a few slender filaments. This and the two following species are mixed in Wallich’s Herbarium, where his 7981 A is G. bifarium ; B consists of multiflorum (Rottlera Sasciculata and congesta, Herb. Ham.), together with G. lanceolatum and bifarium (Rottlera lanceolata and bifaria, Herb. Ham.) ; C is multiflorum. 2. G. lanceolatum, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 832; leaves 3-5 in. from obovate-oblong to elliptic elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate entire or more or less acutely serrate, male fl. 1-1 in. diam., stamens 20-40, capsule 1-1 in. diam. 3-lobed, cocci keeled. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1127; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 831; Wight Ic. t. 1867; Wall. Cat. (983 ; Beddome Forester's Man. 214 (excl. syn.); Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. Xxix.; Thwaites Enum. 274 (excl. syn). G. bifarium, Herb. Wight. G. angustifolium, Muell. l. c.1128. Suregada angustifolia, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 396. The Deccan PENINSULA, Heyne; Naggur Hills, Wight; Cochin, Johnson, EYLON; common, ascending to 4000 ft. . A small evergreen tree. Leaves extremely variable, usually much smaller than in G. multiflorum, and more often serrated, sometimes spinulosely so. Flowers smaller, Sometimes in short racemes of which the rachis is covered with imbricating bracteoles. Capsules rough; cocci crustaceous. Seeds globose, à-1 in. diam., testa with large shallow pits.— Roxburgh, I think, describes under this the fruit of G. multiflorum. e varieties proposed by Mueller (elliptica, lanceolata and spathulata) all run into one another, The specific name is not very appropriate, truly lanceolate leaves being sxceptional. Thwaites, under this species, says that he is disposed to refer all the ndian species to varieties of one. 3. G. bifarium, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 830; leaves 5-6 in. elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate, male fl. j-À in. diam. in sessile fascicles, 460 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Gelontum. stamens 12-20, capsule + in. diam. deeply 2- rarely 3-lobed. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1128; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 410. Suregada bilocularis, Roxb., Wall. Cat. 7981 A, B (in part). S.dicocca, Roxb. mss.— Wall. Cat. 7980 (in part). PENANG, Wallich, &c. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. PERAK, Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale.—Distr1B. Malay Islands. . Habit and foliage of G. multiflorum, but the flowers are much smaller, always in sessile fascicles. longer pedicelled, and the capsule is like that of G. Zanceolatum.— Specimens of this in the Kew Herbarium are named by Roxburgh G. bifarium and Sarugada dicocca, but whether it is the G. bifarium of that botanist’s Flora Indica is rather doubtful; for he describes the latter (from garden specimens the locality of which he did not know) as having a fleshy yellow always 2-lobed capsule, of which fleshiness there is no sign in his specimens. Kurz describes the fruit as fleshy- coriaceous, the size of a large pea, rarely 3-coccous. 4. G. glomerulatum, Hassk. Hort. Bogor. 237; leaves 2-3 in. elliptic-oblong or -obovate shining tip rounded nerves faint, male flowers 3 in. diam. very shortly pedicelled, stamens 20—40, capsule à in. diam. globose 3-celled smooth. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1128. G. ob- tusum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 4/2. Erythrocarpus glomerulatus, Blume Bijd. 605. Suregada glomerulata, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorh. 396. Maracca, Griffith, Hervey, PENANG, Curtis. Perak, Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale.— DistR1B. Malay and Philippine Islands. A small robust much-branched species, distinguished by its small flowers, always round-topped very shining yellow leaves, very faint nerves, and globose capsules, which show no sign of dehiscence.— The Penang specimens are not in fruit, but I think they belong to this species. 63. CHEETOCARPUS, Thwaites. Shrubs or trees with the habit of Glochidion. Leaves alternate, quite entire, penninerved, coriaceous. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, dicecious, apetalous. Disk entire or 4-10-lobed. ` MALE rr. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 5-20, filaments combined below in a slender column, spreading above ; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, cells parallel. Pistillode crown- ing the staminal column, 3-fid, villous. Fw. rr. Ca/yz of the male. Ovary 3-celled ; styles distinct, incurved, 2-partite; cells l-ovuled. Capsule sub- globose, of 3 echinate or tubercled 2-valved cocci, endocarp hard. Seeds ovoid or subglobose, caruncle large coloured 2-lobed, testa crustaceous black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, broad.— Species about 8, Indian, Malayan and American. l. ©. castanocarpus, Thwaites Enum. 275; glabrous, leaves ovate or elliptic- or ovate-oblong acuminate polished, capsules subglobose or oblong densely clothed with long rigid bristles. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1122 (castaneæcarpus); Kurz For. Fl. 409; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 866; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 284, £. 1-10. C. pungens, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 301 (in part), t. 10 A, f. 2-4. Adelia castanicarpa Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 848; Wall. Cat. 7984. Bradleia ? coriacea, Wall. Cat 7872. Regnaldia mvrtioides, Buill. Adans. i. 187. Casearia ? coriacea» ‘all. Cat. 7196.— Wall. Cat. 7891, 7988. From SILHET and CurrTAGONG to MaLaAccA, Penana and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Roxburgh, Wallich, &. CEYLON, in the Ratnapoora and Ambagamowa districts. An evergreen tree; branches and leaves quite glabrous. Leaves 2-8 in., coria- nti ene Cheetocarpus.| CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 461 ceous, dark brown when dry, base acute; nerves 8-12 pairs, arched, very slender ; petiole 4—4 in., stout or rather slender ; stipules obliquely oblong-lanceolate. Flowers k in. diam., in globose clusters. Sepals rounded, concave. Stamens 8. Capsule {-1 in. long; bristles tawny yellow. Seeds black shining, caruncle 2-lobed fleshy crimson. Thwaites (Enum, l. c.) cites fig. 1 of the plate in the Journal of Botany as representing the male fl. of C. castanocarpus, but it appears to me to belong to coriaceus. _ 2. C. pubescens, Hook. f.; branches petioles and leaves beneath hirsutely tomentose, leaves very coriaceous oblong orlinear-oblong acuminate opaque, capsules subglobose densely clothed with long rigid bristles. C. castanocarpus, var. pubescens, Thwaites Enum. 975. CEYLON ; at Pasdun Corle, Thwaites. This, which is placed under C. castanocarpus by Thwaites, seems to me entirely different, in the mach stouter and very hirsute branches and leaves beneath, the much larger very coriaceous leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., and more minute sessile tomentose flowers, narrower sepals, and shorter tomentose staminal column. 3. C. coriaceus, Thwaites Enum. 275; glabrous, leaves very coria- ceous elliptic acuminate at both ends, capsule ellipsoid tubercled. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1122; Beddome Forester’s Man. 214, and Ft. Sylvat. t. 984, f. 11-14. C. pungens, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 301 (in part), t. 10 A, £. 6-9. CEYLON ; with C. castanocarpus. A moderate-sized tree. Leaves 3-6 in., base acute and produced on the very short stout petiole; nerves 5-7 pair, slender. Flowers tomentose. Sepals oblong. Fila- ments hairy. Capsule obscurely 6-angled, $ in. long, woody. 64. BALIOSPERMUIM, Blume. Erect shrubs. Leaves alternate, sinuate-toothed or lobed, penninerved or3-5-plinerved at the 2-glandular base. Flowers small, monoecious or diccious, panicled or racemed, apetalous. Marr rr. globose. Sepals 4-6, membranous, orbicular, concave, imbricate. Disk of 4-6 glands. Stamens -30, on a small receptacle, filaments free or a few connate; anthers ter- minal, cells adnate for their whole length to the broad connective (nearly ree m B. malayanum), slits lateral, at first introrse. Pistillode 0 (or 3 in B. malayanum). Fem. FL. Sepals 5-6, lanceolate, entire or toothed, some- times acerescent in fruit. Disk entire. Ovary 3-celled, styles rather long, Stout, 2-fid or 2-partite, stigmatic surfaces smooth (not fimbriate); cells l-ovuled. Capsule of 3 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds ovoid, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, broad.—Species 6, Indian, One of them Malayan. , The smaller species a good deal resemble Claozylon, but the anthers at once dis- inguish them. Kurz’s B. reidioides (For. Fl. ii. 411), from Siam, belongs to a very ifferent genus; it has 5 petals and 3 anthers crowning a column, which is seated in a Cupular disk, . 1. E. axillare, Blume Bijd. 604; moncecious, stem stout, leaves Sinuate-toothed upper small lanceolate lower large oblong ovate or rounded entire or palmately 3-5-lobed 3-5-plinerved, flowers in numerous axillary racemes, fruiting calyx not accrescent, ovary densely strigose, capsule large, dents Oblong. B. polyandrum, Wight Ic. t. 1885; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 23 -. B. indicum, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 154, t. 155. B. Moritzianum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 395. B. angulare, Dene. mss. (fid. Baill). 462 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Baliospermum. B. montanum, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. ii. 1195 ; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 410. Jatropha montana, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 563. Rottlera suffruticosa, Wall. Cat. 7743. Ricinus montanus, Wall. Cat. 7727. Croton polyandrus, Rowd. FI. Ind. iii. 682. C. solanifolius, Geisel. Monogr. Croton. 74.— Wall. Cat. 7763. TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; from Kashmir, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thomson, to Bhotan, Griffith. From AssaM and the Knasia Mrs. to CHITTAGONG, Peau, TENAssERIM, BURMA and Penang. Deccan PENINSULA; from Behar and the Concan to Travancore (not recorded from Ceylon). —DisTRIB. Java, Siam. A stout subherbaceous leafy shrub, 3-6 ft., branching from the root, nearly glabrous except the shoots and sometimes the leaves beneath. Leaves, upper 2-3 in., lower 6-12 in., and sometimes as broad, biglandular at the base, rigid, strongly veined, base acute obtuse or cordate; petiole stout, of upper leaves short, of lower sometimes as long as the blade; stipules of 2 glands. Racemes 3 in., interrupted, all male or with a few fem. below; bracts small. Male fl. 1 in. diam.; sepals 4-5, membranous, orbicular, concave. Disk-glands soft, lobulate ; stamens 15-20; anthers broad, subreniform, cells subeonfluent at the tips. Fem. fl. subsessile ; sepals 5. ovate, acute, toothed ; disk short, cupular, crenate ; ovary 2-3.lobed; styles stout, smooth, deeply bifid, arms recurved. Capsule 4-4 in. long, obovoidly 3-dymous ; cocci oblong, crustaceous, sparsely strigose or glabrous. Seeds } in. long, oblong, smooth, mottled. 2. B. sinuatum, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864) 470, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1125; dicecious, stem stout, leaves shortly petioled linear or obovate-oblong sinuate-toothed acuminate often subpinnatifid lobed above the middle with spreading or recurved triangular acuminate lobes, male racemes narrow longer than the leaves, fruiting calyx accrescent, ovary glabrous. mo Assam ; Mishmi and Patkoye Hills, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. 740). A shrub, 6 ft. Leaves 6-8 by 1}-3 in., glabrous, base narrowed acute or rounded, 2-glandular, upper sessile, lower with petioles 1-2 in. Racemes interrupted ; male fl. } in. diam.; sepals and glands as in B. azillare; stamens 20; fem. sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, unequal, glabrous; ovary smooth. Fruit not seen. 3. B. calycinum, Muell. Arg. in Flora xlvii. (1864) 470, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1126; dicecious, branches petioles and panicles finely pubescent, leaves long-petioled oblong acuminate sinuate-toothed or serrate, male panicles longer than the leaves copiously branched, fruiting caly* accrescent, ovary strigose. UPPER ASSAM ; in the Mishmi Hills, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4744). Habit of B. sinuatum, branches reddish yellow when dry. Leaves 6-10 by 24-34 in., glabrous except the finely pubescent nerves beneath; base acute OT rounded, 2-glandular or 2-auriculate; petiole 2-4 in. Male panicles erect, long- peduncled, with slender erect alternate and fascicled branches; bracts minute or 0; male fl. jin. diam.; sepals orbicular, concave, membranous; disk-glands fleshy ; stamens 20, filaments sometimes connate. Fem. panicles shorter, cory mbiform, with short fewer-fld. branches and leafy bracts; flowers } in. diam., stoutly pedicelled ; sepals 5, linear-lanceolate, } in. long in fruit. Capsule 1-3 in diam., ‘of 3 globose cocci. 4. B. micranthum, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxiv. 215, and in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1126; dicecious, branches slender and petioles and racemes finely pubescent, leaves long-petioled membranous oblong or lanceolate acuminate sinuate-toothed, male panicles contracted very slender equalling or exceeding the leaves, fruiting calyx small, ovary glabrous.— Wall. 7715 A Baliospermum.] cxxxv. evPHonBrAcEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 463 KnasrA Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c. A slender bush. Leaves 4-8 by 1-2} in., pale green when dry, base acute or rounded, 2-glandular; nerves 15-20 pairs, very slender; petiole 1-3 in. Male panicles sometimes 1 ft., and glabrous; flowers +; in. diam., on capillary pedicels ; sepals orbicular, hyaline; disk-glands fleshy; stamens about 16. Fem. panicles shorter, simpler, much fewer-fld.; flowers i in. diam., longer and stouter pedicelled ; fruiting pedicels often 1-14 in.; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate. Capsule subglobose, 3 in. diam., 3-dymous, smooth. 9. B. corymbiferum, Hook. f.; dicecious, branches finely pubescent, leaves long-petioled membranous elliptic-oblong acuminate sinuate-serrate or subentire, male panicles very long peduncled, flowers in short corymbi- form clusters, EASTERN NEPAL and SIKKIM ; alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke, King. Stem 6-8 ft., slender, naked, simple or sparingly branched. eaves 6-8 by 23-3) in. ; base rounded, 2-glandular ; costa pubescent ; nerves 8-10 pairs; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Male panicles much longer than the leaves; peduncle very long, naked ; corymbose clusters 1—2 in., 6-10-fld. ; flowers 4 in. diam., pedicelled ; sepals 9-6, membranous ; disk-glands fleshy ; stamens about 20, filaments sometimes connate. Fruit unknown. 6. B. malayanum, Hook. f.; diccious, leaves long-petioled elliptic- oblong rounded at both ends entire or sinuate-toothed penninerved, male owers monoecious minute in pubescent axillary and terminal panicles, sepals 5 rounded toothed, stamens 10, anthers hispid, pistillodes 3. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1455).—DisTRIB. Borneo. Branches woody, black when dry. Leaves 3-5 by 2-2} in., coriaceous, brown when dry ; nerves 6-8 pair, sometimes obtuse, often glandular; petiole 1-13 in. ; stipules of arge glands. Panicles much shorter than the leaves, contracted ; bracts minute, subu- Ate; male flowers Ji. in. diam.,very shortly pedicelled. Sepals rounded. Disk-glands rounded, villous. S¢amens on a convex villous receptacle; filaments short, subulate ; anther-cells oblong, free except at the top where they meet on the connective. Pis- til lodes subulate, villous.—Perhaps a distinct genus, differing from the other described Species of Baliospermum in the fewer stamens, convex receptacle, discrete anther- cells, and pistillodes. ‘The female fl. and fruit are unknown. EXCLUDED SPECIES. BALIOSPERMUM, Griffith, Mishmi Mts., alt. 5-5500 ft. (Kew Distrib. 4741) ; a small tree, leaves 6-8 by 21-31 in., thin, elliptic-oblong, euspidately acuminate, quite entire, base triple-nerved, petiole 2-3 in. ; male fl. minute, on slender axillary pubes- cent panicles, shortly pedicelled ; calyx subturbinate with 4 short rounded ciliolute lobes ; petiole O; anthers 4 half exserted subsessile round a clavate pistillode, cells oblong, erect, united at the base only.—No doubt an undescribed genus, but without fem. fl. or fruit I hesitate to name it. The habit is somewhat that of a Baliospermum, but the male fl, are widely different. 65. BPIPRINUS, Grif. A small tree or shrub. Leaves alternate, large, long-petioled, entire, Penuinerved ; floral crowded, subsessile. Flowersin stout axillary spiciform androgynous racemes, apetalous; males crowded, subsessile; fem. in the ower part, scattered. MALE FL. Calyx globose, membranous, valvately 74-lobed. Stamens 5-15, filaments free, tips slender abruptly inflexed ; i thers large, oblong, dorsifixed, erect in bud, cells parallel. Pistillode lex, 3-lobed. Fem. FL. on pedicels greatly thickening and lengthening r flowering. Sepals 5-6, enlarged in fruit, lanceolate, alternating with OL. v. Hh 464 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [piprinus. as many minute naked or 2-glandular thick scales (or involucral bracts). Ovary short, 3-celled ; styles 3, connate in a long stout column, tips sprea , ing 2-fid. and subpalmately lobed; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule large, 0 2-3-subglobose 2-valved cocci. Seeds subglobose, testa crustaceous. E. malayanus, Griff. Notul. iv. 487; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1024. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4787), Maingay (K. D. 1393). PERAK, Scorte- chini, King’s Collector. A shrub or tree, sometimes 30 ft.; branchlets very stout, puberulous. Leaves 8-14 by 4-6 in., thinly coriaceous, smooth, greenish or brownish when dry, oblong ovate, long-acuminate, base obtuse or cordate; nerves 9-12 pair, slender but muc raised, as are the nervules; petiole 3-5 in., terete, tip swollen; stipules not "I : Racemes 2-6 in., simple or branched below, hoary-tomentose ; rachis very stout ; bracts small. Male sepals rounded, glabrous within. Ovary deeply 3-lobed am stout style densely stellate-tomentose, Capsule 1 in. diam., hoary, valves woocy N pedicel stout, 1-14 in. long; fruiting sepals 14-2 in. long, pubescent on both surfaces, midrib and nerves strong. Seeds 3 in. diam. 66. PLUKENETIA, Linn. Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, often cordate, 3-5 plinerved, entire or toothed. Flowers in axillary lateral or leaf-oppote androgynous racemes, apetalous; males usually minute, fascicled; fema » lower on the raceme. Dist 0. Mate rr. Sepals 4-5, valvate. Stamens 8-30, on a prominent receptacle, filaments short free; anthers erect, ^t l- globose or didymous, parallel or diverging. Pistillode 0, or filiform, capt P ate. Frm. FL. Sepals imbricate. Ovary 3-4-celled; styles connate d fleshy globose mass or cylindric toothed or lobed column; cells l-ovu ed, Capsule subglobose or depressed, dry or fleshy, of 3—4 2-valved cocci. Se i globose, sometimes 3-ribbed on one side, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 12, tropical, chiefly American. P. corniculata, Smith in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi. 4; nearly glabrong leaves oblong from a truncately cordate base caudate-acuminate toot! ie sepals 5, stamens 8, ovary 4-celled, style column obovoid, capsule grea PA depressed of 4 stellately spreading granulate cocci, each produced outwar ji mto a vertical green linear obtuse wing. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. io- 773. Pterococcus glaberrimus, Hassk. in Flora 1842, Beibl. ii. 41. Hedrait stylus corniculatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 234. Sajorium corniculatum, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 484. Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 2000 ft., Clarke. Upper Assam, Jenkins, Griffith TENASSERIM and MALACCA, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4716).—DISTRIB. Java. Leaves Stem slender, tips of shoots and often the petioles appressed puberulous. omes 3-8 in. membranous; petiole 1-3 in., 2-glandular at the apex. Male reels} 1-14 in., very slender, glabrous ; bracts lanceolate, 3-fld., shorter than the pe 1 ip. calyx globose, j; in. diam. Fem. jl. } in. diam.; sepals lanceolate. Capsule diam. diam., crown nearly flat, wings nearly as long as the nucleus. Seeds 3-2 ded wit porgidly lenticular with a sharp keel all round ; testa crustaceous, pale, mottle rown, 67. TRAGIA, Linn. D. . . irs» Perennial, usually climbing or twining herbs, hispid with stinging be , Leaves alternate, simple or palmately 3-loped, serrate, base often, T os 3-5-plinerved. Flowers monacious in terminal axillary and leat-opp Tragia.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 465 androgynous racemes, apetalous; males superior in the raceme; fem. few, inferior. MALE FL. Calyx globose or obovoid, valvately 3-5-partite. Disk 0, or obscure. Stamens 1-3, rarely many, filaments free or connate ; anthers ovate or oblong, cells contiguous parallel. Pistillode 0, or minute. Fem. FL. Sepals 6 (rarely more or fewer), imbricate, entire or pinnatifid, often enlarged hardening and stellately spreading in fruit. Ovary 3-celled ; styles united below in a column, then free spreading and entire; cells -ovuled. Capsule of 3 2-valved cocci, endocarp crustaceous. Seeds globose, estrophiolate, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat—Species about 50, chiefly tropical. l. T. involucrata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 980; more or less pubescent hispid or tomentose and with scattered stinging bristles, rarely almost glabrous, leaves from linear-oblong to broadly ovate-cordate acuminate serrate, and from entire to deeply 3-fid or tripartite with irregularly serrate or subpinnatifid odes, racemes hispid or glabrous, fruiting sepals rigid stellately spreading oblong pinnatifid rarely subentire, ovary hispid, seeds mottled with a broad tumid chalaza. Muell Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 943. Kurz For. Fl. n. 398; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 186; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 228. Throughout INDIA, from the Panjab and lower Himalaya of Kumaon, eastward to am and southward to BURMA, TRAVANCORE and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. China. An evergreen twiner. Leaves 1—4 in., membranous, protean in form and indu- mentum ; petiole long or short. Racemes 1-2 in., slender; bracts small or minute, ale fl. minute, shortly pedicelled ; sepals and stamens 3 ; pistillode 3-fid. Fem. fl. strigosely hispid, fruiting € in. diam. Style-column very variable in length. Capsule 'n. diam., hispid or strigosely tomentose or nearly glabrous. Seeds obscurely hoary. —It is impossible to define the varieties of this most variable plant. The following are the principal forms. T. INVOLUCRATA PROPER ; coarsely strigosely hispid, leaves ovate or lanceolate acuminate coarsely toothed or serrate. Var. a. Rheediana, 8. genuina, and y. hispida, Muell. Lo. T, hispida, Willd. Sp. PL iv. 823.—Burm. Fl, Zeyl. 202, t. 92 ; Rheedo Hort. Mal. ii. t. 89 ; Wall. Cat. 7791 B, C, D. , ot. cordata, Muell.1.c.; leaves (often broadly) ovate-cordate coarsely serrate mUSpidately acuminate. T. cordata, Heyne in Wali. Cat. 7791 A. Var. montana, Thwaites Enum, 270, T. montana, Muell. Arg. l. c. 904. ted cordate, angustifolia; leaves narrowly linear- or oblong-lanceolate base contracte lob Var. cannabina 3 leaves all palmately 3-partite with narrow toothed or pinnatifid es, ar. e. intermedia and (. cannabina, Muell. Arg. l. e. T. cannabina, Lin . “ppl. 415; 4. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. t. 15, 49 B; Wall. Cat. 7715. T. hispida, erb. Russel], Croton hastatus & urens, Linn. Syst. Ed. 13, 722. 2. T bicolor, Miguel i j 53) 23 d Plant. Hohenack. ; el in Linnea (1853) 22, and. No. 1552; branches villously hirsute, leaves shortly petioled ovate.cordate Y Uminate serrate tomentose on both surfaces, racemes rather stout, rac 8 ery long lanceolate, fem. sepals strigose entire, capsule tomentose and setose. : i 1 , . "ET ‘ . tz. Ns. 7gs) ama, var. bicolor, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 943 (excl. Me Nizenmr Hits, Wight &e.; at Conoor, alt. 5000 ft., Clarke. are esembles some tomentose forms of T. involucrata, but the bracts of the racemes fully 3 in, long, the flowers larger, the fruiting calyx much smaller, } in, diam., i *epals entire, hirsute within, and wanting the rigid woody midrib. It isa mon- ^ plant, often but not always pulverously or rustily villous when dry.—] a er's " ‘queliana var, bicolor consists of this, and of Hohenacker’s No. 755, w hich is a Wve of Canara (not as Mueller supposes, the Nilghiris), and which is T involucrata. 466 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tragia. 3. T. burmanica, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 399; nearly glabrous, leaves broadly ovate abruptly acuminate subserrate base sinuate-cordate, fruiting sepals broadly ovate acute, stigma appressed to the hirsute woody capsules. MARTABAN ; east of Tounghoo, in forests, Kurz. . A large twining shrub, young parts appressed puberulous. Leaves 2-5 in. sparsely setose above; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes 2-6 in., puberulous. Fruiting sepals nearly 1 in. long, leafy. Capsule of 3 cocci each as large asa pea. Seeds velvety, mottled. 68. CNESMONE, Blume. A climbing villous shrub. Leaves alternate, oblong from a broadly cordate base, toothed, 3-5-nerved and penninerved; stipules broad, per- sistent. Flowers monoecious, in terminal or leaf-opposed androgynous racemes, apetalous ; upper male, lower fem. 2-bracteolate. Disk 0. MALE FL. Calyx globose, valvately splitting in 3 broad lobes. Stamens 3, alternate with the lobes, hardly exserted, filaments stout free; anthers dorsifixed, connective thick produced into a reflexed lamina, cells separate sub- parallel. Pistillode obscure or 0. Frm. rr. Sepals 3, enlarging in fruit. Ovary short, 3-celled, strigose; styles or stigmatic lobes 3, fleshy, united at the base in a fleshy mass, incurved, fimbriate within; cells 1-ovuled. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous with a fleshy coat, albumen fleshy; coty- ledons broad, flat. C. javanica, Blume Bijd. 630 (by misprint ONESMOSA); Muell. ^n DO. Prodr. xv. ii. 926; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 399; Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphord. 458, t. 4, f£. 14-17. Tragia hastata, Reinwdt. in Hassk. Pl. Rar. 245. h mee Wall. Cat. 7794. T. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 7793.—Wall. Cat. 4400. Sinner, Wallich. Kuasta Mrs, J. D. H. 4 T. T. Mrsuwr Hrx1s, in UPPER Assam, Griffith, BENGAL; at Dacca, Clarke. Matay PENINSULA and BURMA from Pegu to Malacca and Penang, Wallich, &c.—DisTRIB. Java, Sumatra. Evergreen, densely villously tomentose ; branches stout. Leaves 3-5 in» oblong or obovate-cordate, acuminate, tomentose on both surfaces; nerves 4-5 pair above the basal, nervules reticulate; petiole 4-14 in., stout ; stipules broadly ovate, acute. Racemes pubescent or tomentose, 1 in. long; bracts deciduous; male fl. 3 in. diam» pedicelled ; fem. larger, subsessile ; sepals velvety, broad, }—} in. long, fruiting 8$ long as the capsule, rhomboid-ovate, entire or crenate. Capsule hispid, of 3 cocci ene as large as a small pea. Cocci velvety. Seeds with a mottled testa. 69. MEGISTOSTIGMA, Hook. f. A nearly glabrous twiner. Leaves alternate, petioled, elliptic, cuspidately acuminate, quite entire, triple-nerved. Flowers moncecious, in small axillary unisexual racemes, apetalous; males minute, fem. small. MALE FL. Caly? ovoid, 3-lobed to below the middle; tube obconic, lined with a thicker disk; lobes ovate, obtuse, valvate. Stamens 3, erect in the centre of ^ flower, filaments short thick; anthers triangular-ovate, obtuse, base te truded; cells narrow, adnate to the face of the thick connective, she introrse. Pistillode 0. Fw. FL. Calyx of 5 linear-lanceolate sepals, ra d enlarged in fruit. Disk 0. Ovary tridymous, depressed, densely hiret 3-celled; style column very large, globose, contracted at the base, fory smooth, 3-lobed to the middle, lobes rounded connivent ; cells 1-0v0 5. Capsule depressed, tridymous, appressed-pubescent, of 3 2.valved wo cocci Seeds globose, testa mottled. Megistostigma.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES, (J. D. Hooker.) 467 M. malaccense, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1592. Matacoa, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1423). SINGAPORE, Lobb. Stem about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, smooth, pubescent, as are the petioles young leaves and racemes, Leaves 4-6 by 2-2} in., thinly coriaceous, base sub- acute or rounded, pale greenish when dry, nerves 2-3 pair above the basal, transverse nervules slender; petiole 4—1 in., slender. Racemes, male 1-3 in., very slender, fem. shorter stouter; bracts minute; male fl. 4 in. long, fem. à in. Calyx of male sparsely hairy, of the female more hairy; anthers broadly trigonous in section, with the angle on the inner face, so that all three anthers meet by their adjacent faces. Styles united in a globose 3-fid mass much larger than the body of the ovary, on which it is sessile; lobes smooth within, not papillose. Capsule i-i in. diam.—Allied to Spherostylis, Baill., of Madagascar, which differs in the stamens. . 70. DALECHAMPIA, Linn.. Shrubs or undershrubs, often twining. Leaves alternate, entire or 3-5- lobed or -foliolate, usually 3-7-plinerved. Flowers moncecious, apetalous, m axillary androgynous sessile or peduncled racemes or heads, often mixed with sterile deformed flowers, involucrate ; involucre of two often large and coloured entire or 3-fid bracts, with a whorl of small outer ones at their ase; upper or inner floral bracts male, 3- or more-fld., lower or outer female. Disk 0. MALE rr. Sepals 4-6, membranous, valvate. Stamens 20-30, on a convex receptacle, filaments free or connate ; anthers erect, often didymous, cells contiguous, parallel. Pistillode O. Frm. ru. Sepals 5-12, Usually pinnatifidly |fimbriate or lacerate, imbricate. Ovary 3-4-celled; Styles connate in a fleshy slender or stout colamn, with an obtuse dilated or lobed stigma; cells l-ovuled. Capsule deeply lobed, splitting into 3-4 2-valved cocci, endocarp hardened. Seeds globose or ellipsoid, estrophiolate, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 60, all tropical, chiefly American. l. D. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1882; leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets serrate, bracts acutely 3-lobed, toothed, floral bracts 3-lobed, fem. sepals pin- natifidly laciniate segments subulate tips glandular. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xy. ii. 1241. D. coromandeliana, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7798. D. bidentata, Thwaites Enum. 270 (excl. syn.). D. ternata, a. zeylanica, Muell. 7g. 4. c. Deccan PENINSULA; Coromandel, Heyne; Dindygul Hills, Wight. CEYLON, at Gonagama, Thwaites. . A slender twiner, finely pubescent except on the leaves above. Leaflets 2-3 in., membranous, very shortly petiolulate, acuminate, terminal elliptic ovate, Jateral with the outer base enlarged rounded and sometimes lobulate ; petiole 1—3 in., very slender ; stipules and stipelle lanceolate. Involucral bracts 1 in. and less, yellow. Flowers Surrounded by many broad fleshy scales (deformed flowers). Sepals of fem. 8-12, Sender, rigid, ciliate. Ovary pubescent; style slender, stigma subeupular. Cap- "e 4 in. diam. Seeds globose, mottled.—I can find no difference between the ylon and Deccan plant. Mueller puts indica into a section with petiolulate leaflets, uM ternata into another with sessile ones, but the Ceylon specimens have the gest petiolules, 2. D. velutina, Wight Ie. t. 1881; leaves deeply 3-lobed tomentose beneath, lobes ovate-oblong serrate, the lateral spreading, peduncle shorter an the leaves, involucral bracts 3-fid ovate-cordate serrulate, fem. bracts ute: Sepals of fem. 8-10 pinnatifid hirsute. D. scandens, var. €. velutina, uell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1245. 468 OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Dalechampia. Niventri Hirrs, Wight, Gardner ; at Conoor, alt. 5000 ft., Clarke. . An evergreen twiner; shoots pubescent. Leaves 2-4 in., base cordate 3-5-pli- nerved, segments lanceolate; petiole 1-2 in. Peduncle spuriously axillary, 2-3 in., puberulous.—I do not venture to follow Mueller in regarding this plant, which is confined to considerable elevations in the Nilghiri Hills, as the same with the D. scan- dens, which is found nowhere out of South America. Specimens in fruit are wanted to confirm such an identification. 3. D. Kurzii, Hook. f.; leaves 3-lobed to or below the middle sparsely pubescent beneath, lobes lanceolate subserrate lateral erect, peduncles equalling the leaves, involucral bracts 3-lobed entire, sepals of fem. 8-10 filiform ‘hispid pinnatifid segments filiform. D. scandens, Kurz For. Fi. 400 (not of Linn.). RANGOON; at Pegu, M‘Clelland, Kurz. TENASSERIM; at Moulmain, Lobb. Stems and petioles sparsely softly hairy. Leaves 4-5 in., base cordate, lobes acuminate ; petiole shorter than the blade; stipules oblong-lanceolate. Peduncles 8-5 in. ; involucral bracts like the leaves, with narrow or broad lobes. Male sepals 4; fem. 5-8. Ovary scabrid, style } in. long. Fruiting calyx 1 in. diam. Capsule of 4 globose cocci. Seeds globose, mottled, 71. PIMELEODENDRON, Hassk. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branches, quite entire, coriaceous, penninerved; petioles very unequal, tumid at the top. Flowers in simple or branched lateral and very short axillary racemes, dicecious P, apetalous; pedicels rigid; bracts caducous. Mate FL. Calyx saucer-shaped, of 2 very short broad coriaceous compressed and appressed imbricating lobes. Disk O. Stamens 12-15, in oue series within the margin of the perianth, filaments short, fleshy ; anthers terminal, broad, truncate; cells adnate, widely diverging, extrorse. Pistillode 0 Fe. FL. and fruit unknown.— Species 2 or 3, Malayan. P. Griffithianus, Benth. in Gen. Plant. iii. 331; glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-ovate .eaudate-acuminate sinuate-serrate, base acute. Stomatocalyx Griffithianus, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1142 in part. MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1400). . Branches robust, woody. Leaves 3-5 in., dark brown when dry, nerves 4-5 pars arched ; petiole 4-2 in., very slender, terete, swollen at the top. Racemes solitary OF crowded, black when dry, 1—£ in., rachis and pedicels very stout; bracts, small, broad, obtuse, Perianth + in. diam., coriaceous or fleshy, lips very short. Stamens shorter than the calyx-lobes.—Bentham rightly points out that the Bornean plant of Barber (also Beccari, No. 293) is a different species; it has more obovate and more obtuse entire leaves with more nerves. ? 71*. HOMALANTHUS, A. Juss. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, broad, entire, often glau- cous or hoary beneath, penninerved ; stipules deciduous. Flowers smal monccious, in terminal androgynous racemes, apetalous ; males many 12 each bract; fem. at the base of the raceme, few or solitary in each pe or solitary at the ends of the branches. Disk 0. Mate rr. Calyt short, compressed, of two flat appressed sepals. Stamens 6-50, rarely fewer, filaments very short; anthers exserted, cells short divaricate 2-valv i t the top. Pistillode 0. Fem. rr. Calya terete, 2-3-fid. Ovary 2-3-cellec ; Homalanthus.] ^ cxxxv. nupHoRBIAcEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 469 styles linear, divergent, entire; ovules 1 in each cell. Capsule didymous, fleshy, indehiscent or tardily splitting into 2 9-valved cocci. Seeds evoid, with a fleshy aril, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 7-8, Malayan, Pacific and Australian. H. porvutirouius, Gra. in New Edinb. Journ. Sc. 1827, and in Bot. Mag. t. 2780 (Omalanthus) ; leaves broadly rhombic- or triangular-ovate acuminate, bracts 3-6-fid. very short broadly toothed, male sepals subequal base dilated 2-glandular, stamens 6-10. Carumbium populneum, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1144. C. populifolium, Reinw. in Blume Cat. Hort. Bogor. 105, ex Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 414; Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 150. Omalanthus Leschenaultianus, A. Juss. Tent. Euph. 50, t. 16, £. 53.— Wall. Cat. 7972 G. PrzNANG, Wallich. CEYLON, Dahl (Muell. Arg. l. ¢.).—DisTR1B. Malay and Pacific Islands, Australia. A small tree. Leaves 2-4 in., membranous, penninerved, more or less glaucous and often reddish beneath; petiole as long, very slender; stipules 3-1 in., lanceolate. Racemes 1-4 in. Flowers ig in. diam. Calyz-lobes ‘unequal. Stamens 6, or fewer, Capsule 1-3 in. diam., glaucous, didymous, tardily dehiscing. Seeds half enveloped in the aril.—The only Indian specimen that I have seen is one sheet (9) ot Wallich’s Herbarium from Penang, under S/illingia sebifera. It may be introduced into that island; and yet so common a Malayan plant may be expected to occur iu British India. The Ceylon habitat is probably an erroneous one. 72. SAPIUM, P. Br. Trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, serrate or toothed, penni- nerved; petiole often 2-glandular at the top. Flowers in terminal simple or panicled spikes or racemes, moncecious (always ?), apetalous; males several in each bract ; females in the lower part of the spike, or in separate spikes, solitary in the bracts. Disk 0. Mave Ft. Calyx membranous, shortly 2-3-lobed or toothed, or split to the base into 2-3 valvate sepals. Stamens 2-3, filaments free ; anther-cells ovoid, distinct, contiguous, parallel. Pistillode 0. FEM. rr. Calyx 3-fid or -partite. Ovary 2-3- celled ; styles free or connate at the base, spreading and recurved, undi- vided, cells 1-ovuled. Capsule crustaceous, fleshy or pulpy, rarely woody, at length loculicidally (not elastically) 3-valved. Seeds globose, estrophio- late, usually long-persistent on the columella, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species 25, all tropical. Sect. I. Trrapica. Spikes androgynous. Fruit baccate or cocci deciduous from a broadly 3-winged persistent columella. l. S. discolor, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 121; branchlets and leaves beneath glaucous, leaves long-petioled elliptic acute or acuminate quite entire glaucous beneath, racemes simple terminal solitary, fruit glo- se capsular. Stillingia discolor, Champ. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 1; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 303. Excoscaria discolor. Muell. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1210. MALACCA, Griffith. SINGAPORE, Maingay. —DISTRIB. China. " glabrous glaucous shrub or small tree. Leaves 2-24 in., base acute; nerves 0-12 pair, very faint, nearly transverse; petiole 4-1 in., very slender, 1-2-glandular onthe tip. Spikes 1-2} in., dense-fld. as in S. sebiferum. Styles very short, pointed on the top of the ovary. Capsule } in., globose. 470 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) [Sapium. 2. S. eugenisfolium, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7970 ; branchlets glau- cous, leaves long-petioled ovate or elliptic acute or subacute quite entire not glaucous beneath, racemes simple terminal solitary, fruit capsular obtuse. S. Hookeri, Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 3-4000 ft., Duthie, to Sikkim, King. AssAM ; at Goyalpara, Hamilton. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. A glabrous glaucous tree. Leaves 3—4 in., base acute; nerves 6-10 pairs, very slender, arched ; petiole 14-23 in., very slender, 2-glandular at or below the tip (the glands are rarely on the blade itself). Spikes 3-4 in., dense-fld. Styles jointed on to the top of the ovary. Capsules 4-4 in. diam., globose, wings of columella thick, horned at the outer angle ; cocci very thick, woody. Seeds globose.— Perhaps not distinct from S. discolor. The ticket attached to Wallich’s 7965 D, from * Sirmore, ?? W. S. Webb, ? " is probably intended for this plant, though represented T a fruiting specimen of S. baccatum which has never been found so far west as irmore, 3. S. baccatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 694; branches glaucous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate quite entire glaucous beneath, petiole glandular or not, racemes spiciform in terminal panicles with conglobate glands on the rachis between the flowers, male fl. very minute, calyx irregularly toothed, fem. 3-fid, fruit baccate. Wight Ic. t. 1950, f. 2 (S. populifolium on plate). S. populifolium, Wall. Cat. 7966. S. Daidece & S. hexandrum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 7965 (excl. D). Excoecaria baccata, Muell. Arg. in. DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1211; Brand. For. Fl. 441; Gamble Man. Ind. Limb. 367. E. affinis, Griff. Motul. iv. 486; Muell. Arg. l. c. 1223. Carum- bium bacoatam, Kurz For. FL. ii. 412, Stillingia paniculata, Miquel Fl. Ind. at. i. i. . SIKKIM HIMALAYA, Clarke, Gamble. Assam, SILHET and the Kaasta MTS., Roxburgh, Wallich, &c. Cuittagone, J. D. H. 4 T. T. BURMA, Wallich. PENANG, Curtis. MALACCA, Grifith.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. A glabrous evergreen tree. Leaves 3-8 in., tips very slender; nerves 6-10 pair, very slender; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes 3-4 in., in a spreading panicle, very slender ; bracts very short. Male fl. 2; in. diam., pedicels capillary ṣẹ in.; stamens 2, in- cluded. Fem. fl. subsessile ; style very short; stigmas revolute, Fruit 1-3 in. diam. globose.—Wallich’s No. 7973 from Singapore with leaves linear oblong and petioles 2-3 in. may be this, but it is a mere shoot.—I have no doubt as to this being Griffith’s Exeecaria afinis, in the description of which inferius should be inferne. S. SEBIFERUM, Roxb, „Fl. Ind. iii. 693; leaves long-petioled ovate orbi- cular-ovate or subrhombic quite entire finely acuminate glaucous beneath, racemes simple terminal solitary, fruit capsular subacute. Muell. Arg. 17 Linnea xxxii. 121; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 181; Dalz. Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 77. Excoecaria sebifera, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1210; Brand, For. Fl. 44; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 366 ; Wall. Cat. 7972 (excl. G). Stillingia sebifera, Michaux Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 213; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 64; Benth Fl. Hongk. 302. S. sinensis, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 512, t. 7, f. 26-30. Stilingfleetia sebifera, Bojer Hort. Maurit. 284. Carum- eg sebiferum, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 412. “Croton sebiferus, Linn. Sp. Pi. ad. d, 20. Cultivated in various parts of INDIA; and elsewhere in warm countries.—A native of China. , A small glabrous tree, Leaves 14-2 in., sometimes broader than long; nerves 6-10 pair, very slender, almost transverse; petiole 1-14 in., 2-glandular, slender. Racemes 2-4 in.; the earliest in the year all male; bracts short, acute. Mate Jr clustered, jj in. diam., pedicelled ; calyx cupular, truncate ; anthers large, exsertec. Fem. fl. longer and more stoutly pedicelled ; sepals ovate, acute. Ovary glabrous Sapium.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 471 narrowed into a stout style with recurved stigmas. Capsule coriaceous, the size of a pea, subglobose, shortly pointed. Seeds globose, with a coating of wax under the epidermis, Sect. IT. Parasartum. Spikes simple, androgynous. Fruit large, woody, globose; cocci at length deciduous, not leaving a columella. 4. S. indicum, Wi id. Sp. Pl. iv. 572; leaves shortly petioled elliptic- lanceolate obtusely acuminate serrate or subserrate not glaucous beneath, petiole eglandular, racemes spiciform terminal solitary, male fl. iw fem. pedicelled elongate, capsule large woody. Roxb. FL Ind. ni. 692 ; Wight Ic. t.1950; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI.181. S. Hurmais, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 299. S. Bingirium, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. 7963. Stillingia indica & Bingyrica, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb, 513, t. 6, £. 11, pe QS. himalayensis, Klotzsch Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. 116,t. 21. Exccecaria in lea, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1916; Kurz For. FI. 413; Brandis For. Flor, 441; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 367 ; Beddome Forester’s Man. 215.— ? Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 51. . Bay of BENGAL, from the Sunderbunds to Tenasserim. ? SourH CONCAN, Graham. An evergreen glabrous tree. Leaves 3-5 in., rather coriaceous, dark Breet. brown when dry, base acute, nerves many pairs; petiole }-} in. Racemes 2-4 de B. srowded lateral short branches, sparsely pubescent; bracts broad, obtuse, ciliate ; malo " stile in clusters, pedicel very short ; calyx-lobes acute, ciliate ; fem. larger, with Ml lent and stigma ; sepals acute, ciliate. Fruit 1 in. diam., old woody, y lon "eli soid. obscurely 3-lobed, walls of cocci very thick and hard, Seeds j in. mE remarks slightly compressed; testa pale, polished.—Bentham (Gen, Plant.) rig v it. that the African plant referred to this species by Mueller is quite distinct from it. 5. S. virgatum, Benth. im Gen. Pl. ii. 335; leaves moderately Petioled subcoriaceous base 2-glandular, bracts broadly ovate dle three their glands small rugulose, styles rigid connate beyond the middle inate times or more longer than the ovary, capsules large woody acumi ata, Stillingia virgata, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 508. puru 7 Zoll. § Moritz. in Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 416; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. Xv. ii. 1216, Movzwarxz, Wallich in Herb. DC.—DISTRIB, Java. +s Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, base acute crenate or subrepand-serrate d Above; bracts many-fid., powdery-puberulous. Fem. pedicels 2-3 toothed Fem. the calyx. Male fl. subsessile ; calyx segments lanceolate, laciniately too Capsules calye multiglandular within. Stamens 3, styles sharply „revolute above. r Pager 2 cm, broad. Seeds smooth, shining.—Differs from E. indica in the argo form of more coarsely serrate lucid leaves, larger flowers, strong connate styles a Wallichian the capsule.—The above description is copied from Mueller. I find in the erb, no Sapium or Excecaria from Moulmein. Sect. III. FALCONERIA. Spikes unisexual. Male fl. sessile T orpioular clusters under each bract; fem. solitary. Calyx of male 2-lippe "th tar di -3 ovate acuminate sepals. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, wi y ehiscing or indehiscent cocci. . eee iptic or oblong- 6. S. insigne, Benth. in Gen. Pl. iii. 335; leaves ellip : è lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, spikes solitary terminal, rachis very robust. Falconeria insignis, Royle TIl. 354, t. 84 (or t. 98). Kure For Ft Royle l.¢.f.3; Brand. For. Fl. 442. Carumbium insigne, Kurz Lor. £i. u. 412.— Wail. Cat. 8021. 472 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sapium. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Simla and Kumaon, alt. 5300 ft., to Bhotan (except ? Sikkim), Cuirragone, J. D. H. & T. T. Peau, Kurz. . A very robust deciduous-leaved tree, with thick soft branchlets leafy at the tips, shrinking when dry. Leaves 6-12 in., greenish when dry, nerves 12-20 pairs spreading slender; petiole 1-2 in., glandular below the tip. Spikes 3-10 in., fem. greatly thickened in fruit. Male fl. in circular clusters 4-4 in. diam.; bracts very small, central flowers opening first and leaving short persistent pedicels, outer fl. sessile ; calyx membranous, lobes rounded concave ; stamens 2, very short. Fem. fl. shortly pedicelled ; sepals ovate, acuminate; ovary globose; stigmas very short, pulvinate. Fruit } in. diam., 1-3-celled, ovoid or globose, obscurely lobed.— Kurz describes the cocci as 2-valved. Except in the form of the fruit, I know of no difference between the two following forms. S. INSIGNE PROPER; fruiting racemes very stout, fruit ovoid. . Var. malabarica; fruiting racemes more slender, fruit globose. Exceecaria insignis, Beddome Forester’s Man. 214, t. 22, f. 5. Falconeria malabarica, Wight Ic. t. 1866; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 227; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 367.— Wall. Cat. 8014. 73. BXCGCARIA, Linn. Glabrous trees or shrubs, with acrid milky sap. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire or subserrate. Flowers minute in lateral axillary or ter- minal spiciform unisexual or androgynous racemes or spikes, dicecious or monoecious, apetalous ; males 1-3 in each bract, 2-bracteolate; fem. at the base of the raceme, or on separate racemes; rachis with large glands beneath or at the sides of the bracts. Disk 0. Mate rr. Sepals 3 (rarely 2), small, subequal. Stamens 3, filaments free; anthers didymous; cells globose, distinct, contiguous, parallel. Pistil/ode 0. Fw. rr. Calyx m or-partite. Ovary 3-celled; styles shortly connate, stout, spreading an recurved, entire; cells l.ovuled. Capsule of 3 cocci separating from à columella, valves crustaceous twisting elastically. Seeds globose or sub- globose, estrophiolate, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.—Species about 20, Tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. This genus had better be reunited with Sapium. * Leaves alternate. 1. E. Agallocha, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1451; leaves alternate long-petioled elliptic ovate or orbicular acute or obtuse quite entire or sinuate-crenate, male spikes axillary dense-fld., bracts rounded fleshy 1-fld., male fl. sessile, sepals minute unequal, fem. spikes short few-fld., flowers pedicelled, sepals broadly ovate acute subserrulate with a basal gland within, capsule 4-5 10. diam. tridymous smooth. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1220; Wall. Cat. 7962 and 7964; Brand. For. Fl. 442: Kurz For. Fl. 414; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 368; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 185; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 227; Beddome Forester’s Man. 255; Wight Ic. t. 1865 B, and in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 306, t. 30. E. Camettia, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 864; Lamk. lil t. 805. E. affinis, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norf., 83. Stillingia Agallocho Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 518, t. 7, f. 31-34.—Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. ^? Tidal forests on all the coasts of IxprA and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Eastwards to Australia and the Friendly Islands. n A small evergreen tree. Leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, 2—4 in., pale brota when dry, base acute or rounded; nerves many, very faint, subhorizontal ; pm 4-1 in., slender, tip sometimes 2.glandular. “Male spikes numerous, 1-2 in. ; 5 ot racemes few, j-1 in.; flowers fragrant, upper fem. usually imperfect. Bracts male spike with 1 flower and several minute bracteoles, Filaments mach lengthening Excecaría.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 478 after flowering. Styles free nearly to the base. Seeds subglobose, smooth.— The variations in the size of the fruit and seeds are remarkable. 2. E. acerifolia, F. Didrichs. Plant. Nonnull. Mus. Univ. Hafn. 7; leaves alternate short-petioled elliptic oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate serrulate or crenulate, nerves strong beneath arched, spikes ter- minal and axillary bisexual, bracts broadly ovate acute entire 2-3-fld., male sepals lanceolate acuminate entire, fem. broadly ovate acute glandular at the base within. Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1222; Brand. For. #1. 441. E. himalayensis, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 122. Stillingia himalayensis, Klotzsch in Bot. Reise Pr. Waldem. 116, t. 21.—Wall. Cat. WESTERN and CENTRAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal, Wallich, to Kumaon, alt. 5-6000 ft., Edgeworth, Strachey & Winterbottom. Kuasta Mrs.; at Nunklow, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. A small evergreen tree. Leaves 8-6 by 1-2 in., rather membranous, green when dry ; nerves 8-10 pairs; base acute or subacute; petiole 4—4 in., stout, eglandular. Spikes 1-2 in., slender; bracts rounded or acuminate ; male fl. sessile; fem. pedicelled. Style short, very stout. Capsule about % in. diam., tridymous, smooth. Seeds globosely ovoid, mottled.—The Khasian specimens have much narrower leaves than the Himalayan, and are referred by Mueller to a variety (E. himalayensis, var. B. cuspidata, Muell. Arg. in Linnea xxxii. 122, and in DC. l. c.). 3. E. holophylla, Kurz For. Fi. ii. 414; leaves alternate oblong to broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate obtusely acuminate quite entire, nerves arched very slender, spikes terminal slender, bracts short broad 1-3-fld. . female at the base, bracteoles 0, sepals of male very minute subulate. Forests of MARTABAN and UPPER TENASSERIM, Kurz; on Thoungun, Brandis. An evergreen tree. Leaves 3-6 in., thin, quite glabrous rather polished ; petiole -4 in., eglandular. Spike 2 in.; male flowers in scattered clusters, sessile ; bracts rounded.—I have seen only a small flowering specimen collected by Brandis and named by Kurz, in which the male flowers are as described. 4. E. rectinervis, Kurz in Herb. Hort. Calcutt.; branchlets very. Stout, leaves 5-7 in. coriaceous obovate-oblong abruptly narrowed to an obtuse point, nerves numerous nearly horizontal, petiole stout 1-15 in. glandular. Actephila rectinervis, Kurz in Trimen’s Journ. Bot. xv. (1875) NicoBAR IsLanps; Katchall, Kurz. . h, dull Branchiets as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 3—4 in. broad, very smooth, du green and leathery when dry; base acute; nerves 12-15 pair, distinct beneath but pender, Fruiting raceme axillary, young fruit j in. diam. on a stout pedicel j in. g. ** Leaves opposite. 5. E. crenulata, Wight Ic. t. 1865; leaves shortly petioled from elliptic to lanceolate serrate or crenulate acuminate, spikes axillary and terminai unisexual, bracts 1-fld., male fl sessile, fem. pedicelled short few-fld., brac- oles subulate as long as the flower, male sepals oblong irregularly toothed, em. broadly ovate erose. E. cochinchinensis, Muell. Arg. 1n DC. Prodr. Xv. li. 1215; Beddome Forester's Man. 215. E. oppositifolia, Muell. Arg. in C. Prodr. xv. ii. 1219 (excl. syn.) (not of Jack) ; Beddomel.c. Salix gla- brata, Herb, Heyne. Microstachys, Wall. Cat. 7977 A. The Deccan PENINSULA; in woods on the Western Ghats from Coorg south- 474 CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEEK. (J. D. Hooker) [Excacaria. wards, ascending to 7000 ft. CEYLON, common in the Central Province, alt. 4—6000 ft. . A small evergreen tree or shrub, branchlets slender, sometimes 4-gonous. Learta 2-6 in., rather coriaceous, rarely somewhat obovate, base very acute, nerves 10- 1 pairs, faint, spreading or subhorizontal; petiole 1-3 in. Spikes usually terminal, males 1-2 in.; fem. very short, always axillary, sometimes 1-fld.; bracts ero bracteoles subulate, erose, conspicuous beyond the bracts. „Sepals 3, of male quie free, inserted by a narrow base ; of fem. tl. ovate, acute, with a large gland at tmo base within. Styles very short, and stigmas persistent. Capsule $—5 m. ehis? deeply 3-lobed, especially at the top; cocci thinly crustaceous, twisted after dehi t cence. Seeds broadly ovoid, mottled.—In the absence of authentic specimens o E. cochinchinensis, Lour., to which this is referred by Mueller, I hesitate to fol ow him, for the subulate bracteoles distinguish it from all the more eastern species that à have examined. Some specimens with shorter more coriaceous highly reticulated leaves with fewer very prominent nerves look different, but I find no floral character whereby to distingnish them. Mueller describes this under the name of E. opposi! " folia, Jack in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist., by error for Griffith, l. c. (Jack has no species of that name), and he omits Griffith’s Silhet habitat. In fact Griffith’s plant is very different from the Deccan one (see No. 8). 6. E. robusta, Hook. f.; branches very stout, leaves opposite linear- oblong acuminate coriaceous entire or sinuate-subserrate, spikes axillary unisexual very robust, bracts 1-fld., bracteoles broadly ovate erose, sepals a male orbicular irregularly toothed. E. oppositifolia, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1219 (not of Lour.).— Wall. Cat. 7968. The Concan, Stocks; Mts. of Kurg, Herb. G. Thomson, Wight (in Herb. Wall.). ; Branches as thick as a goose-quill, Leaves 5-8 by 134-2] in., base acute; nery le 15-20 pair, very spreading, slender; petiole 4-2 in., very stout, eglandular. Ma e spikes solitary, sessile, 4-5 in. ; rachis very stout; bracts small, broad, fleshy ; pid teoles large, embracing the unexpanded flower. Male sepals 3, membranous, 2t broad cordate, point of insertion small. Fem, fl. not seen. Fruit immature, 3 m. diam., on a very short axillary raceme, shortly stoutly pedicelled, 3-lobed, top t! the cate, style short persistent.—The robust habit, stout long male spikes and form of th , bracteoles and sepals distinguish this at once from E. crenulata. 7. B. quadrangularis, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. n. 1218; branchlets slender 4-gonous, leaves opposite elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceo- late acuminate, spikes axillary slender bisexual, bracts 1-fld. serrulate, brag: teoles lanceolate erose, sepals of male oblong irregularly spinulose-toothe , of fem. ovate acute spinulose-serrate with many subulate processes at the base within.—Microstachys, Wall. Cat. 7977 B. PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich. h A shrub or tree with the habit and lanceolate leaves of Æ. crenulata, but 10 branchlets are more distinctly 4-angled, the leaves more membranous, with only 5d pair of more arched nerves, the bracteoles and male sepals are spinously toothed, at . M . ies O the fem. sepals have a row of fleshy sete at the base within, as in some species Sapium. 8. E. oppositifolia, Griffith in Calcutt. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1v. 986; branchlets terete, leaves opposite linear-oblong acuminate entire Or "rire serrate, spikes unisexual ? males terminal very slender 1-fld., bracts °K urz 1-fld., bracteoles 0, sepals broadly oblong toothed. ? E. oppositifolia, For. Fl. ii. 414 (excl. syn. Bedd.).— Wall. Cat. 8028, Gnetum. B SILRET, Wallich, and Hort. Bot. Cale, (Kew Distrib. 4707). ? UpPE TENASSERIM, K'urz.—DISTRIB. ? Excecaria.] ^ OXXXV. EUPHORBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 47,5 Leaves 6-8 by 2-22 in., thinly coriaceous, glossy above, base more or less acute, nerves 16-20 pair slender, slightly arched; petiole 3 in., eglandular. Male spikes 4-5 in., pedicelled, rachis very slender, flowers scattered, sessile ; sepals of male free, base auricled, insertion very small. Fem. ft. solitary, terminal, pedicelled, with a large basal gland on each side. Ovary 3-celled, ovoid, narrowed into a short robust style with 3 subulate recurved stigmas. Fruit {pedicelled, berried, subumbilicate, 6-grooved, of 3 cocci, size of a small apple. Seed subglobose.— This is named FZ. oppositifolia, Griffith, by himself in his herbarium. I have seen no specimens but his and Wallich's. In Kurz's E. oppositifolia the flowers are shortly pedicelled, males several in each bract; male spikes robust and fruit the size of a cherry. See under crenulata for the erroneous quotation of Jack as the authority for this species. IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. ExcccARIA? Larut, Perak, alt. 2-3500 ft. (Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt., No. 2344) ; a shrub 8-12 ft. quite glabrous, branches terete, leaves membranous 4-6 in. ovate-lanceolate acuminate margin slightly waved, base acute or rounded, nerves very many slightly arched, petiole 4—4 in. slender, capsules sessile clustered in the leaf-axils } in. diam, 2-3-dymous, cocci globose quite smooth. 74. SEBASTIANIA, Spreng. Shrubs, rarely (the Indian species) a herb. Leaves alternate, penni- nerved. Flowers moncecious, in terminal axillary and lateral slender racemes, apetalous; males minute, 1-3 in each bract; females solitary or at the base of the raceme. Disk 0. Mate FL. Calyz minute, membranous, unequally 5-lobed or -partite. Stamens 2-4, filaments short free or nearly so ; anther-cells distinct, contiguous, parallel. Pistillode 0. Frm. FL. Calyx 3-lobed or -partite. Ovary exserted, 3-celled; styles free or connate at the base, entire, revolute or spreading; cells l-ovuled. Capsule globose, of 3 cocci separating from a columella, endocarp crustaceous. Seeds oblong or subglobose, strophiolate, testa smooth, albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat. —Species 40, all American but the following, and another which is American and African. S. Chamelea, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1175; annual, glabrous, leaves linear obtuse finely serrulate, racemes very short, cocci with two dorsal rows of spinules. Benth. Fl. Austral. v. 151. Miero- stachys Chamælea, A. Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 49; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FT. 228. Cnemidostachys Chameelea, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 835. Stilhngia Chamelea & asperococca, Baill. Etudes Gen. Euphorb. 516, 517. Exccecaria Cham:elea, Baill. Adans. vi. 323. Cnemidostachys linearifolia, Miquel Fi. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 460. Elachocroton asperococcus, Ferd. Muell. in Hook. Journ..Bot. ix. (1857) 17. Tragia Chamelea, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1391; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 186; Wall. Cat. 7797. BEHAR ; at Dunwah, J. D. H.; Hazaribagh, &c., Clarke. DECCAN PENINSULA, from Bombay southwards. Burma, Maracca and SINGAPORE, Wallich, Grifith, Maingay. CEYLON, common.—DIsTRIB. China, Malay Islands, Tropical Australia an rica. . Stems usually many from the root, ascending 1-2 ft., slender, grooved ribbed or terete, dichotomously branched, Leaves 1-3 in. by }-} in., base acute ; petiole 1573 in., Very slender. Male spikes axillary or leaf-opposed; bracts minute, acute with a large often stipitate gland on each side, 1-2-füd. Fem. fi. usually solitary at the base of the male, or lateral on the branches. Sepals minute, of the male ovate, acute, ciliate ; of the fem. the larger, obovate, acute, lacerate and ciliate, 2-glan- ular within. Capsule subglobosely oblong, thinly crustaceous, i-i in. diam. Seed 476 CX¥XV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Sebastiania. oblong, mottled.—I can find no character whereby to separate the specimens with terete, and those with grooved ribbed stems, GENERA OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. 75. LOPHOPYXIS, Hook. f. A glabrous climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, quite entire, 3-nerved at the base. Flowers small, monoecious, cymose, cymes in lax elongate branched axillary and terminal panicles, females towards the base of the branches. Mate ru. Calyx 5-partite, persistent; lobes ovate, spreading, valvate, tomentose. Petals minute, oblong, tomentose, inserted under the obcordate lobes of a thick disk. Stamens 5, alternate with the disk-lobes, filaments short pubescent; anthers short; cells oblong, dehis- cence extrorse, connective minutely produced. Pistillode small, villous. Fem. FL. Perianth of the male. Disk annular, crenate. Ovary tomentose, 5-celled ; stigmas 5, sessile, subulate, recurved ; ovules 2, linear, collaterally pendulous in each cell, obturator 0. Young fruit cylindric-oblong, finely tomentose, deeply 5-grooved and ribbed. L. Maingayi, Hook. f. in Ic. Plant. t. 1714. Mauacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1429). Branchlets brown, grooved, puberulous. Leaves 4-6 in., coriaceous, ovate from a broad subcordate base, subcaudately acuminate, shining and minutely reticulate above, purplish brown beneath ; nerves 4—5 pair above the short basal, cross-nervules reticulate; petiole 4 in.; stipules not seen. Panicles a foot long, drooping, rachis puberulous, branchlets hoary-tomentose ; flowers 4^5 in. diam., very shortly pedicelled ; buds globose, bracts very minute. Sepals tomentose on both surfaces. Young fruit 3 in. long, crowned with the subulate styles, grooves extending almost to the 8x!s, ridges obtuse.—I am very uncertain as to the affinities of this curious plant, which resembles no Euphorbiaceous one known to me. 76. BOTRYOPHORA, Hook.f. A glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, coriaceous, elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, caudate, quite entire, penninerved. MALE FL. sessile on the simple horizontal branches of an erect terminal ? puberulous pyramida brachiate panicle; buds pisiform, globose, glabrous. Perianth membranous, bursting irregularly. Stamens very numerous in a globose mass ; anthers peltately attached to a central receptacle, imbricating ; connective broad, disciform with 4 minute oblong free cells in two pairs pendulous from its outer margin. B. Kingii, Hook.f. PERAK, in open sandy soil near the coast, King’s Collector. A tree, 40-50 ft. ; branchlets woody, knotted ; bark red brown, smooth. Leaves 8-10 by 3—4 in., pale yellowish brown when dry, base acute; nerves 10-12 pairs, very strong, raised on both surfaces, cross-nervules finely and strongly reticulate ; petiole 23—4 in., strict, geniculate at the base of the leaf, terete ; stipuies not seen. Panicles 6-10 in. long, 4 in. diam. at the base, terminal and axillary, shortly peduncled, rachis and branches rigid; bracts minute. Male fl. à in. diam., al yellow half red, waxy. Stamens yellow.—This may be allied to Mallotus or Maca, ranga, but 1 know nothing at all like it, and it is too remarkable a plant to be passe over. The anthers, which are in a young state, recall on a minnte scale those of # Cycas ; the connective is very large in proportion to the cells, which are distant from one another. Sphyranthera.] CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 411 77. SPHYRANTHERA, Hook. f. An evergreen bush; branches slender, puberulous. Leaves alternate, petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, entire, penninerved. Flowers minute, dicecious ; males subumbellately crowded on the top of a slender solitary axillary peduncle, emerging from a capitate cluster of very minute pubescent imbricating bracts; bnds globosely ovoid. Sepals 4, broadly ovate, acute, concave, pubescent without, valvate. Petals? much smaller than the sepals, membranous, variable, entire or cleft to the base into two lanceolate segments. Stamens about 29, in the centre of the flower, filaments filiform, free; anther-cells globose, distant, divaricate, one at each end of the rather dilated connective. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown. S. capitellata, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1702; Codizeum ? lutescens, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 405. MIDDLE ANDAMAN ISLAND; in bamboo jungles along the Middle Straits, urz. A bush, 10-12 ft., of a yellowish green. Leaves 3-5 in., rather membranous, straight or subfalcate, narrowed into a petiole $ in. long; nerves 10-15 pairs, slender. Peduneles 4 in., slender, pubescent, pedicels -4 in., decurved. Petals or disk-glands sometimes subspathulate.—I am quite uncertain as to the affinities of this curious plant. I had named, figured, and described it before recognizing it as Kurz's Codiewm ? lutescens, or I should have adopted his specific name. Orper CXXXVI. URTICACZJE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves rarely opposite, often oblique. Stipules various. Inflorescence cymose or clustered; flowers usually minute, mono- or di-cecious, rarely unisexual, often crowded on the surface of a fleshy flat concave or globose involucre, or on (in Ficus) the inner walls of a closed receptacle. Perianth equally or unequally toothed, lobed or partite. tamens as many as and opposite the perianth divisions, or fewer; anthers 2-celled. — Pistillode small or 0. Ovary superior, l-celled, style often excentric, simple or 2-fid with stigmatose arms, or stigma sessile plumose or penicillate; ovule solitary. Fruit simple, a drupe or samara or of small indehiscent free achenes, or compound as a confluent mass of perianths and pericarps. Seed erect or pendulous, testa membranous ; albumen copious, scanty or 0; embryo various.—Genera 108; species 1500, chiefly tropical. The seven tribes of Urticee here adopted (following Gen. Plant.) are by many considered as 2 or more Orders. Phenax Sonneratii, Wedd. (DC. Prod. xvi. i. 23537), a S. American herb, differing from Maoutia in the filiform stigma, is, according to Sonnerat, an Indian plant; if so, no doubt introduced. Trize I. Ulmesze. Trees, sap watery. Flowers usually 2-sexual or polygamous, appearing before the leaves. Anthers erect in bud. Style -id. Ovule pendulous, anatropous. Fruit dry. Leaves serrate. Cotyledons flat . eo] on not “aves entire (serrate in young plants) Cotyledons SC , , .,., 7. 2... lle. 1. ULMUS. 2. HOLOPTELEA. Trix II. Celtidese. Character of U/mee, but fruit a drupe. Male sepals imbricate. Stipules free. Cotyledons broad 3. CELTIS. 478 CXXXVL URTICACEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) Male sepals induplicate-valvate. Stipules free. Cotyle- dons harrow. . . . 4 e e e ee ee ew n. n A TREMA, Male sepals imbricate. Stipules connate, convolute . . 5, GIBONNIERA. Trise II]. Cannabineze. Herbs, sap watery. Flowers dicecious. Anthers erect in bud. Style 2-fid. Ovule pendulous. Fruit an achene. A climbing hispid perennial Leaves opposite. Embryo spiral . . 2 4 4 4 ee we ee ee . 5*, HUMULUS. An erect annual. Leaves alternate. Embryo curved. . 6, CANNABIS. Trips IV. Moree. Trees or shrubs, sap usually milky. Stamens inflexed in bud, anthers reversed. Ovule pendulous, anatropous. Subtribe 1. Farovem. Male fi. in axillary cymes, with a few fem. inter- mixed, or fem. fl. solitary.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire. Male sepals imbricate. Cotyledons twisted 7. PSEUDOSTREBLCUS. Subtribe 2. Srrrsrrz. Male fl. capitate spicate or racemose, fem. soli- tary or few on a common peduncle. Style 2-fid.—Shrubs or trees. Male fl. racemed ; bracts minute. Fem. sepals very short 8. TAXOTROPHIS. Male fl. subcapitate; bracts many, large. Fem, sepals foliaceous. . . . 4. l.l. ee ee ee) 9. PBHYLLOCHLAMYS. Male fl, subcapitate ; bracts 2. Fem. sepals clasping the ovary. . . e es se . 10. STREBLUS. Subtribe 3. BnoussoweTIEx. Male fl. capitate spicate or racemose, fem. in globose head. Style undivided, elongate.— Shrubs or trees. Male fl. spicate. Achenes stipitate. Leaves 3-nerved . 11. BRUOSSONETIA. Male fl. spicate. Achenes sessile. Leaves penninerved . 12. ALLHZANTHUS. Male fl.in globose heads. Achenes sessile. Leaves penni- nerved . . . . . 18. PLECOSPERMUM. Subtribe 4. EvwonEx. Male and fem. fl. spicate, or fem. subcapitate. Fem. sepals fleshy in fruit and enclosing the achene . . 14. MORUS. Subtribe 5. DonsrENiEX. Male and fem. fl. crowded on a narrow OF broad flat fleshy receptacle. Receptacle linear, like a unilateral spike.— Trees . . . 15. SLOETIA. Receptacle flat, entire or lobed.—Herbs or shrubs . . . 16. DoRSTENIA. TzrsE V. Artocarpese. Trees or shrubs, sap usually milky. Flowers unisexual, males or all in globose heads or open or closed receptacles. Anthers erect in bud. Flowers on the inner walls of a closed receptacle . . . 17. Ficus. Male fl. on a disciform receptacle, fem. solitary . . . 18. ANTIARIS. Fiowers in naked or bracteate heads, rarely racemes. Flowers all in globose heads; stamens 4. . . . . Flowers in globose oblong or cylindric heads, male monandrous , . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, ARTOCARPUS. Male fl. in cylindric spikes, fem. racemose . . . 21. BALANOSTREBLUS. 19. CUDRANIA. Trise VI. Conocephaleæ. Shrubs, often climbing, or trees, 5°? usually milky. Flowers in unisexual heads. Anthers erect in bud. Sty undivided or 2-fid. Ovule erect, orthotropous. Male and fem. heads cymose, or fem. solitary. Stamens free. Styleshort. . . . . . . . a a a . 22. CoNOCEPHALUS. CXXXVI. URTICACER, (J. D. Hooker.) 479 Male and fem. heads solitary. Stamen 1. Style 2-partite . eme oe mom os m e n om m s Male and fem. heads solitary. Stamens 2, connate. Style simple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Kvnzia. 28. PRAINEA. Trige VIL. Urticeze. Trees herbs or shrubs, sap watery. Flowers unisexual Stamens 1-5, inflexed in bud, with the anthers reversed. Style undivided or 0. Ovule erect, orthotropous. Subtribe 1. Urerex. Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with stinging hairs. lowers cymose, 2-5-merous. Leaves opposite. Achene straight; stigma penicillate . 25. URTICA. Leaves alternate; stipules connate. Achene oblique; stigma ovate or linear e e keso onm ng n ng Leavesalternate. Fem.sepals4. Acheneoblique; stigma filiform . . . . . . . . 4. ls. s. s. + 27. LAPORTEA. Leaves alternate. Fem. perianth tubular, 2-3-toothed . 28. GIRARDINIA. 26. FLEURYA. Subtribe 2, PnocnrpEx. Herbs, rarely shrubs, without stinging hairs. Inflorescence cymose, or flowers on a fleshy receptacle. Fem. fl. 3-5-partite. Stigma penicillate. * Leaves opposite. Flowers cymose or capitellate. . . . . . . + . + 29. PILEA. Flowers on a discoid receptacle . . . . . . . . . 30. LECANTHUS. ** Leaves alternate. Flowers all cymose. Fem. sepals longer than the achene 31. PELLIONIA. Flowers all on a fleshy receptacle, fem. perianth small orO 32. EraTOsTEMA. Male fl. cymose; fem. on a fleshy receptacle. . . . . 33. PROCRIS. _Subtribe 3. BoEnuwERrEX. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, without stinging airs. Flowers not involuerate, spicate, fascicled, racemed, or panicled ; male perianth 2-5-merous, fem. tubular or 0. * Fruiting perianth membranous or dry, including the free or adnate achene. Shrubs or undershrubs, Stigma filiform, persistent . . 34. BOEHMERIA. A herb, Leaves opposite. Stigma ovate, persistent . . 35. CHAMABAINA. Herbs, Flowers 4-inerous. Stigma deciduous, filiform . 36. Povzorzia. å herb, Flowers dimerous, Stigma linear. . . . . 97. DISTEMON. ** Fruiting perianth moreor less fleshy, including the free or adnate achene. —Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate. Leaves narrow. Ovary free; stigma penicillate . . . 38. SARCOCHLAMYS. eaves broad. Ovary free; stigma linear, deciduous . . 32. PiPTURUS. eaves broad. Ovary adnate; stigma sessile, subpeltate ciliate. . , y nate; shig , suoee ' 40. VILLEBRUNEA. ves broad, Ovary adnate ; stigma penicillate . . 41. DEBREGEASIA. VP Fem. perianth minute or 0. Shrubs, Flowers in panicled clusters. . . . . + + 42. Maouta, Subtribe 4. PAnrETARIEX. Herbs or undershrubs, without stinging hairs, Leave r i ire. Flowers in cymose involucres, 8 alternate, quite entire J3. PARIETARIA. VOL. V. I1 480 CXXXVI URTICACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ulmus. Subtribe 5. FonskouLEx. Herbs or undershrubs, without stinging hairs. Leaves toothed. Flowers in naked or involucrate clusters, males monandrous. Involucre 3-6-partite, woolly within . . . . . -. - 44. FoRSKOHLIA. Involucre campanulate, toothed . . . . . . - . . 49. DROGUETIA. 1. ULMUS, Linn. Deciduous trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, serrate, penninerved ; stipules lateral, scarious. Flowers fascicled at the leaf-scars of annotinous shoots. Perianth campanulate, 4—8-lobed, imbricate. Stamens 4-8, erect in bud. Ovary compressed ; style short 2-fid or 2-partite, branches stigma- tose within to the base; ovule pendulous. Fruit dry flat, nucleus expande into an orbicular obcordate or obovate reticulate wing. Seed flat, exal- buminous; embryo straight, cotyledons flat, equal, radicle small superior. —Species about 16, natives of N. temperate regions. The Western Himalayan small-leaved elm, referred to by Brandis as probably the European U. campestris, and which he describes as a small shrub along river-beds, and a middle-sized tree where planted by villages, is, I suspect, only U. JF. allichiana. This latter tree is very closely allied to U. campestris ; its leaves vary as greatly as do those of campestris and take similar forms. U. erosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 183; Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 163, a plant of Heyne's,is not an Udmus, and 18 indeterminable. L U. Wallichiana, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, x. (1848) 277, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 158; branchlets tomentose, leaves 4-8 in. obliquely elliptic acuminate or subobovate and cuspidate doubly or trebly serrate scabrous or smooth above pubescent or tomentose beneath, nerves 15 pairs, perianth 5—6-fid, samara orbicular-obovate, stipes very slender excee A ing the perianth, seed inthe middle. Brandis For. Fl. 432, t. 52; Gamble an. Ind. Timb. 341. U. erosa, Wall. Cat. 3546 (not of Roth). U. levi gata, Royle Ill. 341. U. pedunculata, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Nepal to Kashmir, alt. 3500—10,000 ft. - A tree attaining 90 ft., with a trunk 24 in girth; bark very rough, exfoliating in diamond-shaped flakes; branches suberect, roughly pubescent or tomentose. Leaves usually narrowed at the very unequal base, which is cordate or round on one side acute on the other; nerves strong, pubescent beneath. Flowers in short dense many- & racemes ; rachis 1 in. or less, pubescent ; pedicels 4 in., pubescent below the Jom Perianth turbinate, glabrous, persistent ; lobes ciliate. Stamens 5-6. Samara iu long, glabrous or disk puberulous, sometimes obcordate, wings reticulate ; stipes very slender, longer than the calyx.—4As in the European U. campestris, the leaves on shoots differ greatly from those on the older branches, being larger, more coarsely doubly or trebly serrate, and more scabrous above. 2. U. lancifolia, Ror). Fl. Ind. ii. 66; subdeciduous, leaves 1-9 1” obliquely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate crenulat shining, nerves 15-20 pair, perianth 5-cleft, samara obliquely obovate, or cular or obcordate stipitate, seed in the middle. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1L ©.» t. 200; Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. (1848) 281; DO. Prodr. Xv 162; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 473; Gamble Man, Ind. Timb. 342. U. Hookeriante Planch. in DC. l.c. SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Kumaon, near Sooring, alt. 4—5000 ft., Strachey $ Winterbottom; Sikkim, alt. 1-4500 ft., J. D. H. Kuasta Hixzs, alt. 1-3000 CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh. Precu and MARTABAN, Kurz. Ulmus.] OXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 481 A tree attaining 70 ft., with thick bark, wide-spreading branches, and the drooping branchlets pubescent with deciduous hairs, Leaves hard, reticulate, shortly petioled, base acute on one side rounded on the other; petiole very short, stout, pubescent. Flowers in very short racemes, which are axillary or at the leaf-scars; pedicels sometimes } in., slender, villous; bracts many, ciliate. Perianth campanulate, 5-cleft, glabrous. Samara about 1 in. long, lobes usually incurved. 3. U. parvifolia, Jacg. Hort. Schoenb. iii. t. 262; a shrub or small tree, branchlets pubescent, leaves 2-3 in. shortly petioled coriaceous oblong- lanceolate finely serrate glabrous, nerves 14-16 pairs with axillary tufts of hairs, flowers appearing with the leaves, clusters androgynous, perianth 4-fid, samara shortly stipitate elliptic or obliquely oblong, seed in the middle. Brand, For. Fl. 434. U. virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 67; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 67, t. 290; Cat. 3548; Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. (1848) 272. U. pumila, H. f. & T. Herb. Ind. Or. WESTERN TIBET; Nubra, alt. 10,000 ft., Thomson.—DistriB. China, Japan, Described by Brandis (but not from Indian specimens) as a slow-growing shrub with reddish flowers, the male and fem. mixed in scaly clusters. He gives Kumaon, Sikkim and Bhotan as habitats, but I have seen no other Indian specimens than Thomson’s Tibetan, which are not in flower or fruit. Wallich’s figure is of a Chinese specimen cultivated in Calcutta, and is a copy of Roxburgh’s drawing. ‘The Tibetan plant may be a small-leaved form of U. Wallichiana. 2. HOLOPTELEA, Planch. Habit and characters of Ulmus, but leaves quite entire, perianth cleft to e base, and cotyledons complicated longitudinally. H. integrifolia, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, x. 269; DC. Prodr. xvi. 164; Wight Ic. t. 1968; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Ft. 938. Ulmus inte- grifolia, Roxb. in Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1326, and Fl. Ind. ii. 68; Cor. Pl, 36, t. 78; Brand. For. Fl. 431; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 473; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 4 Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 342; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 3105 Wall. Cat. Outer lower ranges of the H1MALAYA, from Jamu to Oudh, ascending to 2000 ft. -Tom BANDA and BEHAR to TRAVANCORE, and from Peu to MARTABAN, CEYLON, 1n the hot drier regions, —DrsTRIB. Cochin China. . . . , À large spreading deciduous tree; shoots pubescent. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, elliptic or obovate-oblong, acuminate (in seedlings serrate), glabrous, or pubescent beneath, base unequally rounded or subcordate; nerves 5-7 pair; petiole i te lowers à in. diam. Sepals pubescent. Anthers hairy. Ovary long-stipita e. amara 1 in. long, obliquely elliptic or roundish, glabrous or pubescent; wings membranous or chartaceous, tip 2-fid, lobes incurved.— Planchon has three varie ies fes carpa with glabrous fruit deeply notched, hebecarpa with similar but pubescen "uit, and zeylanica with smaller obsoletely notched fruit. 3. CELTIS, Linn. Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate, bifarious, ovate, entire or serrate, triple-nerved. Flowers small, polygamous, cy ale ae male and androgynous cymes usually at the base of the shoots; female in he upper axils. Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 4—5, short, erect in bud, Surrounding a woolly torus. Ovary sessile; style central, arms plumose simple or lobed; ovule pendulous. Drupe small, ovoid or globose, endo- carp hard smooth or rugose. Albumen O or scanty; embryo curved, coty- 482 cxxxvI. uRTIOACEa. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Celtis. ledons broad, inflexed flat or replicate, surrounding the upeurved radicle.— Species about 50, temperate and tropical, chiefly in the northern hemi- sphere. The species of this genus appear to me inextricable. The Asiatic, except C. Wightii, are founded on very variable characters. 1. C. australis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1043; leaves deciduous very obliquely ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate coarsely serrate green when dry, drupes subsolitary subglobose or broadly ovoid, putamen rugose. Brand. For. FI. 428, t. 50; Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 169; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1156 ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 349. C. caucasica, Willd.; DC. L e. 170; Boiss. l. c. 1156; Gamble l.c. C. Acata, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 211. The Sart RANGE and TEMPERATE ;H1MALAYA, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Marri to Nepal (and ? Sikkim).—Disrris. Westwards to Spain. A tree; branches slender, pendulous, and leaves beneath glabrous pubescent or subtomentose with often: fulvous hairs. Leaves 3-5 in., entire towards the base, glabrous above, basal nerves not produced into the tip; stipules subulate. Male fl. in axillary tufts or racemed on short leafless axillary branchlets, pedicels capillary. Sepals oblong, obtuse, margins woolly. Fem. or bisexual flowers rather larger than the male. Ovary ovoid, woolly at the base or all over. Drupe very variable in size and shape, } in. long or less; peduncle 4-2 in.—I follow Brandis in referring the common W. Himalayan Celtis to australis, and uniting with it €. caucasica, which, according to Boissier, differs only in the drupes being yellow (they are black in European australis) and more rugose. . VAR. eriocarpa ; drupe pubescent tomentose or woolly. C. eriocarpa, Dene. ™ Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 150, t.152; Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 179; Brand. For. Fi. 429; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 343.—Has the same range as C. australis, but is not common. Brandis, who doubts its being a species, refers Hamilton's C. Acata to it, but that has a glabrous ovary. Planchon implies that the pubescent drupe alone distinguishes eriocarpa. I find this to be an inconstant character. 2. C. tetrandra, Rox). Hort. Beng. 91, and FI. Ind. ii. 63; leaves asin C. australis, but more persistent more entire usually brown when dry, flowers usually tetrandrous in shorter more robust, more often bisexual cymes, drupes solitary or binate globose or ovoid. Planch. in Ann. Sc. Vat. Ser. 3, x. 300; DC. Prodr. xvii. 179; Kurz For. Fl. 472; Dalz. 5 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 337. C. trinervia, Roxb. Fl. Ind.ii. 65; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 344; Wall. Cat. 3695. C. serotina, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. l. c.; Wight Te. t. 1570; Beddome For. Man. 918, and. Sylv. Madr. t. 218. C. Roxburghit, Planch. in Herb. DC. l. c.; Bedd. l c.t. 312. C. glabra, var. nepalensis, Planch. l. c. 298. . LOWER OUTER lHrMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards, ascending to 3000 ft. in Sikkim ; Kasra Mrs., CnuirracoNG, Burma, BEHAR, and the DECCAN PENIN: SULA on the Eastern and Western Ghats.—DısrtRIB. Malay Islands. al , Except by the trifling characters given above, I do not see how this is distin- guished from C. australis. The leaves are often subentire. The drupes vary " shape, size and length of pedicels, . Var. Hamiltoni ; branchlets and leaves tawny pubescent, leaves yellowish gem on both surfaces when dry. C. Hamiltoni, Planch, ll. c. 301 and 179.—Sikki Himalaya, the Khasia Mts., Chittagong and Burma. th v AR. mollis; leaves entire or subentire softly fulvous-tomentose benea h. yellowish when dry, drupes sparingly hairy. C. mollis, Wall. Cat. 7203; Plane’: ll. c. 297,179; Kurz l.c. 472.—Burma, Wallich. 3. C. cinnnamomea, Lind! in Wall. Cat. 3696; leaves evergree? coriaceous obliquely ovate acuminate crenate-serrate 3-nerved to below the Celtis.] = CXXXVI, URTICACE&. (J.D. Hooker.) 483 tip, cymes short, flowers stoutly shortly pedicelled, drupes racemed nar- rowed to the tip. Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. x. 303; DC. Prodr. xvii. 181; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 472; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 72; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 419. C. dysodoxylon, Thwaites Enum. 907; Bedd. For. Man. 219. C. Waitzii, Blume l. c. 71; Planch. in DC. l. c. 180. SIKKIM HIMALAYA; in the lower hills, ASSAM, CHITTAGONG and BURMA. CEYLON ; Central Province, ascending to 5000 ft.—DIsTRIB. Malay Islands. , ,l doubt this being distinct from C. tetrandra; the habit is the same, as is the inflorescence, but the drupes have an almost beaked apex.— The wood in Ceylon smells disgustingly. 4. C. Wightii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, x. 307 ; DC. Prodr. xvii. 184; leaves very coriaceous straight oblong or elliptic-oblong acute entire or very sparsely crenate-serrate 3-nerved to the tip, drupes racemed ellipsoid obtuse or 2-cuspidate scarlet. Wight Ic. t. 1969; Bedd. For. Man. 218; Wall. Cat. 9056. Solenostigma Wightii, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 220; Kurz For. Fl. ii. A71. S. consimile, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 68. Bosia trinervia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 87. The Circars, Rozburgh. NiranrRi Hirs, alt. 4-6000 ft., Wight, &c. ANDA- MAN ISLANDS, Kurz. CEYLON, dry parts of the island.—DzsTRrs. Malay Islands, Australia, . ,, large tree (Roxburgh); branches stiff, glabrous or tomentose. Leaves 4—6 in., bifarious, acute or cuspidate, yellowish when dry, glabrous or pubescent beneath, nerves very strong, cross-nervules parallel; stipules peltate, caducous. Cymes stout, short, axillary, male and bisexual fl. together; sepals acute. Drupe j-i in. long; nut reticulate, styles deciduous.—The straight leaves with nerves produced to the tip are very different from those of the preceding species. I suspect that C. philippi- nensis is not different from C. Wightit. 4. TREMA, Lour. _ Shrubs or trees, unarmed. Leaves alternate, serrate, base 3-7-nerved ; stipules lateral, caducous. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, in small axillary cymes. Mark rr. Sepals 4—5, induplicate-valvate or subimbricate. Stamens 4-5, erect in bud. Pistillode 0 or small. Fem. FL. Sepals of the male in staminiferous flowers, flat and suvimbricate in unisexual. Ovary Sessile; style terminal, arms 2 linear; ovule pendulous. Drupe small, straight, ovoid or subglobose, usually crowned by the style, endocarp hard. Albumen fleshy; embryo curved or involute; cotyledons narrow; radicle upcurved, incumbent.— Species about 20, tropical and subtropical. l. T. timorensis, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 60; nearly glabrous, branches very slender, leaves membranous ovate-oblong or -lanceolate caudate- acuminate serrulate base rounded or subcordate, petiole very slender, yi mes gla Tous equalling the petiole or shorter, fruiting sepals narrow ciliate, UA turgidly ovoid, nut rugose. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 469. T. virgata, Blume Je ponia virgata, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 8, x. (1848) 316; DC. Prodr. rvn.195. S. timorensis, Dene. Herb. Timor. 170; Planch. ll. c. 318, 196. Celtis virgata, Roxb. in Wall. Cat. 3694. TENASSERIM and the Maray PENINSULA.—DISTRIP. China, Malay Islands? Australia. L A small evergreen ost filiform, pubescent, drooping. eaves Poon thin, nerves slender] petiole ie Cymes tv. fid., glabrous. Drupe jin. 484 cxxxvi. UnTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Trema 2. T. angustifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 58; branches ver slender, leaves ovate-lanceolate finely acuminate serrulate scabrous on bot surfaces base rounded rufous beneath with strigose nerves, cymes hispidulous about equalling the petioles, drupe ovoid. Sponia angustifolia, Planch. in Ann Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 326; DO. Prodr. xvii. 202. Celtis angustifolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3691. Penana, Wallich. Matacoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4685). Very similar to T. virgata, and perhaps a variety of that plant, but the leaves are narrower, scabrid, rufous when dry beneath, and the flowers hispidulous. 3. T. orientalis, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 62; branchlets appressed- pubescent, leaves rigid obliquely ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate acu- minate crenate-serrulate scabrid above beueath silvery with appressed pubescence, base 3-7-nerved cordate, cymes lax spreading usually longer than the petiole, drupe ovoid black. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 468 (var. orientalis proper); Benth. Fl. Austral. vi. 158. Sponia orientalis, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 823; DC. Prodr. xvii. 200; Brandis For. Fl. 430; Bedd. For. Man. 919. S. Wightii, Planch. l. c. 322; Wight Ic. t .1971; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 311; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 238. Celtis orientalis, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 176 in part; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 65; Wall. Cat. 3689. Foot of the NEPAL and SIKKIM .HIMALAYA ; BENGAL, BEHAR, and southwards to TRAVANCORE and SINGAPORE. CEYLON common.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands. An evergreen small tree. Leaves 3-6 in., nerves 3—4 pairs, stipules as long 89 the young petioles, deciduous. Stigmas villous, reflexed in fruit. Drupe $ in. long, glabrous. 4. T. amboinensis, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 61; branchlets villous o7 tomentose, leaves usually large ovate-oblong caudate-acuminate serrulate scaberulous or pubescent above beneath silkily tomentose velvety or villous, cymes usually large compact and exceeding the petiole. Benth. FT. Austral. vi. 159. T. orientalis, var. amboinensis, Kurz For. Fi. ii. 469. T. velutma & Burmanni, Blume l. c. 62. ?'T. cannabina, Lour. Fl. Coch. Spon! amboinensis, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 498; Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 199. S. Griffithii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 324. S. amboi- nensis & velutina, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.i.ii.216. S. velutina, Planch. l. c. 327; Bedd. For Man. 219. S. Burmanni, Planch. in DC. l. c. 200. Celtis amboinensis, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 997; Wall. Cat. 3690; Brongn. in Bot. Duperr. Voy. 212, t. 47. C. tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 66. C. caudata, Wall. mss. SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; in hot valleys, Assam, SILHET, and southwards to SINGA- PORE and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS. A tree with the habit of T. orientalis, from which it differs in the tomentowt leaves, and of which it is perhaps a large form, as considered by Kurz. If it shou prove to be the Trema cannabina of Loureiro, that author's name will stand. 5. T. politoria, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. x. (1848) 326; DC. Prodr. xvii. 202 (Sponia) ; branchlets stout scabridly hairy, leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base nearly equal serrulate very scabrid on bot. sufaces, cymes compact males about equalling -the petiole. Brandis For. Fl. 430; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 345. Celtis politoria, Wall. Cat. 3699. o Dry places in the SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from the Salt Range eastwards 1o TR and SIKKIM, and southwards to Mount Aboo in Marwar and CENTE A small tree, sparingly branched. Leaves 2-5 in., triple- and penni-nerved, very Trema.] CXXXVL URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 485 hard and roughly shortly hispid, usually shining above, paler beneath, base rounded or cordate, hairs with swollen persistent bases; petiole 1 in.; stipules longer than the petiole, deciduous. j 5. GIRONNIERA, God. Evergreen unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, penninerved ; stipules sheathing the buds, caducous. Flowers diccious, in axillary cymes, or the fem. solitary. MALE FL. Sepals 5, broad, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens 5, erect in bud. `Pistillode woolly. Frm. FL. Sepals narrower than the males, acute. Ovary sessile; style central, arms 2 filiform; ovule pendu- ous. Drupe ovoid or suborbicular, terete or compressed, often 2-keeled, endocarp hard. Albumen 0, scanty or copious ; embryo contorted.—Species 8 or 10, South Indian, Malayan and Chinese. 1. G. nervosa, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. (1848) 338; DC. Prodr. xvii. 206; branchlets petioles peduncles and leaf-nerves beneath tawny or golden silkily villous, leaves elliptic or oblong acuminate entire subsilky between the very stout nerves beneath, male cymes spici- form, drupe ovoid compressed beaked hispidulous. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 469; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 223; Suppl. 412; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 74. Anti- esma nervosum, Wall. Cat. 7289. Prnane, Porter; PERAK, MALACCA and SINGAPORE, Griffith, &c.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands. A tree attaining 70 ft. Leaves 5-7 in., coriaceous, opaque and glabrous above ; nerves 12-15 pairs, sunk above, very strong beneath, interspaces reticulated, base acute; petiole 1—1 in. ; stipules 3-1 in., silky. Cymes 1-1} in. ; males rather stout with few dense-fld. branches; fem. cymes of sparingly branched racemes. Drupe shortly pedicelled, 3-} in. long, obtusely 2-edged.—Kurz gives “ Burma probably Tenasserim ” as a habitat, but I have seen no specimens. 2. G. subsequalis, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. 339; DC. Prodr. xvii. 206; branchlets stipules young petioles leaf-nerves beneath and cymes sparsely strigose, leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong acuminate entire scaberulous beneath between the nerves shining on both surfaces, drupe broadly ellipsoid compressed 'appressed-pubescent. Mig. Fl. Ind. at. i. ii, 222; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 73. G. nervosa, var. subequalis, Kurz For, FI. ii. 470. G. costata, Mig. in Zoll. Cat. 88, and in Fl. Ind. Bat. I. c. Sponia annulata, Teijsm. d Binnend. in Nat. Tijdsch. Neerl. Ind. ii. 363. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. MALACCA, Maingay. ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz—Disrrrp, Malay Islands, China. hen d A tree, 70-80 ft. Leaves 5-8 in., sometimes 5 in. broad, pale brown when bel very coriaceous, reticulate beneath between the 8-10 pairs of strong nerves; ch „cute; petiole 1-2 in.; stipules 1-2 in. Cymes sparingly branched, slender, muc longer than in G. nervosa, Drupe i-i in., compressed, obtusely 2-edged, usually aked, rarely orbicular. dat AR. ceylanica, Thwaites Enum. 268; more slender, leaves narrower cauda te- acuminate less rigid and coriaceous sometimes oblanceolate and serrulate towan 8 N tip, stipules smaller silkily villous, fem. cymes very few-fid., drupe er subsolitary axillary. G. parvifolia, 8. in part, Planchon l. c. G. subzequalis, eaa. or. Man. 219, and Fi. Sylvat. t. 313. Helminthospermum scabridum, 7 hwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot, vi. (1854) 303, t. 9 C.— Ceylon, in the Central Province, alt. 1000- T „ft Walker. —Referred by Planchon to G. parvifolia, but I think, ‘ted hwaites, that it is much nearer G. subequalis. Better specimens are wan eà. dome figures the Ceylon G. subequalis as having only 4-5-nerved leaves, and the e flowers as forming minute axillary clusters. 486 OXXXVI, URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Gironniera. Var. birmanica ; leaves large elliptic more membranous crenate-serrate above the middle. — Tenasserim, on Mount Moolyet, Beddome (fem. fl. only). 3. G. parvifolia, Planch. in Aun. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, x. (1849) 338; DC. Prodr. xvii. 206 (excl. syn.); branchlets young petioles stipules an leaf-nerves beneath faintly strigose, leaves elliptic ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate rather shining nearly smooth beneath, male cymes very el much branched, flowers very minute, drupe ovoid or orbicular compresse 2-edged appressed puberulous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 223. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. PENANG, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1470). MaLAOCA, Griffith. . . A shrub or small tree; branches slender. Leaves 3—5 in., quite entire, reticulate, nearly smooth beneath between the 6-8 pairs of rather slender raised nerves; petiole i-lin.; stipules } in., silkily strigose. Male cymes with scattered clusters of flowers, peduncle and branches filiform. Fem. cymes few-fid. Drupes 2-3 ono long slender peduncle, 4 in. broad, often long-beaked, and with the style-arms 1 in. long. —Planchon, erroneously including the Cingalese G. subequalis var. ceylanica, describes the leaves as serrate above the middle. 4. G. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 268 ; glabrous except the youngest shoots, leaves oblong- to ovate-lanceolate ‘acuminate or caudate base rounded or acute quite smooth and glabrous on both surfaces, male Cyr much branched, fem. few-fid., drupes large solitary axillary ovoid hardly compressed quite glabrous. Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 313. G. cuspidata, Kur For. Fl. ii. 470. Sponia subserrata, Kurz in Flora, 1872, 448. Aphanant e cuspidata, Planch. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 209. Galumpita cuspidata, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 73; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.i. 224. Cyclostemon cnspidatw Blume Bijd. 599. Helminthosperma glabrescens, Thwaites mss. Celtis reticulata, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. . SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., Kurz, &c. Assam; Goalpara, Hamilton. KnasrA Mrs., alt. 2000 ft., Mann. UPPER BURMA, at the Serpentine mines, Prov, Kurz. DECCAN PENINSULA; on the Ghats from S. Canara to Travancore CEYLON ; Badulla district, ascending to 3000 ft.—DrsTRIB. Java. «ated A lofty tree, branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves 3-7 in., very long-porntess finely reticulated on both surfaces, young serrulate above the middle, often shining above ; nerves 10-12 pairs, slender; petiole 3-3 in. Male cymes shortly pedunciec 5 branches short, many-fid.; flowers nearly glabrous; pistillode of male a very ams tuft of hairs. Drupes about as long as their pedicel, }-% in. long, stoutly beaked, obscurely 2-angled. 9. G. lucida, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 470; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate or -ovate acuminate shining on both surfaces, cs rounded or cuneate, male cymes shortly peduncled much branched: qu! glabrous, drupes large solitary axillary ovoid hardly compressed qui glabrous. SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz, King’s Collector. ; _A tree, 30-40 ft. Leares 5-8 in., very coriaceous, glossy above with 10-15 p of impressed nerves, reticulate beneath ; petiole }—} in. Male fl. and drupe as G. reticulata, from which G. lucida differs chiefly in the larger more coriaceous glossy foliage, with more leaf-nerves. 5*, HUMULUS, Linn. , Perennial, twining, scabrid herbs. Leaves opposite, lobed, palmatinerv® > stipules lateral, persistent. Flowers dicecious, males panicled; fem. m Pand iu the axils of the broad bracts of a catkin-like ovoid spike, bracteate the 2-bracteolate. MALE FL. Sepals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, adnate to Humulus, | CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 487 sepals, erect in bud. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. Sepal, a membranous scale. Ovary sessile, compressed; styles 2,* subulate; ovule pendulous, cam- pylotropous. Fruit an ovoid spike! of imbricating bracts in the axils of which are 2 flattened achenes each enclosed in its sepal. Albumen scanty or 0; embryo a flat helix.—Species one Chinese and Japanese, and the following. _H. Luputus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1028; bracts and bracteoles scarious covered with resinous glands. 4. DC. Prodr. xvi.i.29; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. lv. 290; Reichd. Ic. Fl. Germ. xii. t. 656. Nonra-Wast HIMALAYA, cultivated. Native of N. America, and perhaps of » Asia, i_ Rootstock stout, branched ; stems tall, scabrid or prickly with reversed bristles. aves 3-4 in. diam., petioled, cordate, toothed, upper ovate, lower 3-5-lobed. Male ft, 1 in. diam. ; panicles 3-5 in. across. Fem. heads } in. diam., yellow ; styles purple; fruiting 1} in. diam., scales orbicular.—The Hop. 6. CANNABIS, Tourncf. A tall erect annual herb. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite, upper l-3- lower 5-11-partite, serrate, palmatinerved ; stipules lateral. Flowers small, axillary, dicecious, males fascicled in short pendulous panicles ; fem. crowded under leafy convolute bracts. Mair ru. Sepals 5, imbricate. tamens 5, erect in bud. Pistillode 0. Fem. ru. Perianth hyaline, embracing the ovary or €. Ovary sessile; style central, arms 2 filiform caducous; ovule pendulous. Achene compressed, crustaceous. Seed flat- tened, albumen unilateral fleshy ; embryo curved, cotyledons broad thick subequal, radicle upcurved incumbent. C. sativa, Zinn. Sp. Pl. 1027; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 772; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 187; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 30; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. iv. 231; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 655; Wall. Cat. 4665. C. indica, Lamk. Encycl, i. 695.— Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 60, 61. Throughout INp1A; wild in the N.-W. Himalaya, cultivated elsewhere.— DISTRIB. entral Asia, wild; cultivated in{temp. and trop. regions. Stem 4-8 ft., strict, subsimple. Zeaves 4-8 in. diam. Flowers green.—Hemp ; Produces cordage, and Bhang or Kief. 7. PSEUDOSTREBLUS, Bureau. , Unarmed glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules small, lateral, caducous. Flowers moncecious, axillary, males in Short cymes, fem. 4-bracteolate, solitary in different axils, or solitary in the male cyme. MALE rr. Sepals 5, orbicular, imbricate. Stamens 5, inflexed in bud. Pistillode small, linear. Frem. FL. Sepals 4, orbicular, concave, embracing the ovary. Ovary subglobose; style terminal, arms 2 filiform subequal ; ovule pendulous. Fruit (unripe) enclosed in the enlarged Perianth.—Species 3, Eastern Indian and Malayan. P. indica, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 220; leaves elliptic oblong 9r oblong-lanceolate acuminate base acute, nerves very many parante up horizontal and anastomosing.—Epicarpurus, No. 8, Herb. Ind. Or. 483 CXXXVL URTICACE®. (J. D. Hooker) [Pseudostreblu* KnasraA Mrs.; Bor panee River, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. 6 T.T. . A small tree; shoots and inflorescence puberulous. Leaves 4-6 in., coriaceous, glabrous, drying brown, rather shining on both surfaces; petiole 3—-§ in.; stipules ovate-lanceolate. Male fl. about i in. diam.; buds globose; fem. much larger. Fruit 1 in. diam. or more. 8. TAXOTROPHIS, Blume. Spinous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, penninerved ; stipules small, connate, caducous. Flowers dicecious, axillary, males in short spikes racemes or fascicles, fem. 1-4 on a long peduncle. Mare Fu. Sepals 4, valvate. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode with a dilated top. FEM. FL. Sepals 4, imbricate, persistent and shorter than the fruit. Ovary ovoid, straight, at length very oblique; style 2-partite, at length lateral; ovule pendulous. Fruit obliquely subglobose, fleshy on one side and at the base, apex thin. Seed oblique, albumen 0; cotyledons broad, fleshy, crumpled, radicle upcurved.—Species 3-4, Ceylon and Malayan. T. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 264; glabrous, leaves rhombic or trapezoidly elliptic obtusely acuminate serrate. Beddome Forester’s Man. 222, t. 26, f£. 3. Diplocos zeylanica, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 215. Epi- carpurus zeylanicus, Thwaites im Hook. Lond. Journ. iv. (1852) 1, 3, t. 2; Wight le. t. 1962 (the lower left-hand figure). Streblus zeylanica, Kur For. Fl. ii. 464. Burma, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4659). CEYLON, near Kandy, Thwaites. A small evergreen tree or shrub ; spines short or long, straight ; shoots puberulon. Leaves , 9-4 in., rhomboidly oblong or lanceolate, obtusely caudate, glabrous ; petiole s15 in.; stipules lanceolate. Male fl. minute, shortly pedicelled, subracemose, paberulous. Fruit size of a pea, subtended by the small lanceolate rather enlarged sepals. 9. PHYLLOCHLAMYS, Bureau. Glabrous spinous trees or shrubs; sap milky. Leaves alternate, pennr nerved; stipules lateral, free. Flowers dicecious, males in short axı lary involucrate spikes or clusters; fem. solitary, peduncled. MALE FL. Sep p^ 3-4, ovate, imbricate. Stamens 3-4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode dilated 4 the top. , FEM. FL. Sepals 3-4, accrescent and foliaceous in fruit. ud straight in flower, at length very oblique; style 2-partite, at length latera j ovule pendulous. Fruit small, shorter than the sepals, obliquely globose o ovoid, subfleshy below, with a very thin umbonate apex. Seed oblique, albums" very scanty; embryo globose, one cotyledon very large 2-tid enclosing t smaller, radicle upcurved.—Species 2 or 3, Indian and Malayan. 1. P. spinosa, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 218; leaves subsessile elipti- cally rhombic or subtrapezoid remotely serrate ‘on one or both marg or subentire. Brandis For. Fl. 411; Bedd. For. Man. 220, t. 26, f e Epicarpurus spinosus, Wight Ic. 1962 (upper and right-hand figures), at timorensis, Dene. Herb. Timor. 171, t. 21. Taxotrophis Roxburghit, Biwi is Mus. Bot. ii. 78; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 279; Thw. Enum. 264. Tropa , spinosa, Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. 762 (not of Willd.). T. taxiformis, Spreng. 5r ni. 902. T. taxoides, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 368. T. P Heyneana, Watt- Cat. 4642. Streblus taxoides, Kurz For. Fl ii. 465. e DeccAN PENINSULA; the Circars, Heyne; Courtallam, Wight. Borua ant r3 AMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. CEYLON, in the dry districts. —DrsTRIB. Malay ^9 Phyllochlamys. oxxxvi. vmmicAcEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 489 A small evergreen gnarled tree; spines long, strong, often leafy and flowering. Leaves 2-4 im., nerves 6-8 pair, nearly straight; petiole à in.; stipules acute. Bracts of small involucres short, imbricate. Fem. peduncles solitary or binate, bracteate at or below the middle. Fruiting sepals 4-1 in., lanceolate, acuminate. ruit size of a cherry.— Wight describes the fem. sepals as 5, but figures 4. . AR. P microphylla, Kurz l. c. ; shoots and spines puberulous, leaves 1-1} in. ovate to oblong obtuse mucronate crenate.—Irawaddi River in swampy forests, Kurz. 2. P. Wallichii, King in Herb. Calcutt.; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate quite entire or very obscurely toothed.—Erythroxyli fere facie, &c., Br. in Wall. Cat. 1519. PENANG, Porter, Curtis. PERAK, King’s Collector. . A thorny shrub or small tree, 10-15 ft.; branchlets quite glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in, coriaceous, pale when dry, strongly reticulate between the nerves beneath ; petiole in. Male fl. in small globose sessile clusters, sparsely pubescent. Fruit j in. diam., sepals 4 in., oblong, obtuse.—In Wallich’s specimens some branchlets are clothed with ovate acute rigid imbricating bracts or scales wi long, which no doubt led to Brown's observation (facie Erythrozyli) in Herb. Wallich. 10. STREBLUS, Lour. Unarmed shrubs or trees, juice milky. Leaves scabrid, alternate, penni- Dérved; stipules small, subulate. Flowers axillary, di- rarely moncacions, males in peduncled heads or spikes; fem. peduncled, solitary or A together. MALE rr. Sepals 4, imbricate. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode dilated at the top. Frm. FL. bracteate. Sepals of male embracing ovary. Ovary straight, retuse; style central, arms very long ;, ova le pendulous. Fruit membranous, subglobose, not oblique, laxly clothe M € persistent sepals. Seed globose, testa membranous, albumen 0; embryo 8'0bose, one cotyledon very large fleshy, enclosing the other which is very small and the upeurved radicle.—Species 2, Indian and Malayan. l. S. asper, Lour. FI. Cochin. ii. 615; scabrid, male fl. capitate. Bureau in DC. Po iL 218; Brand. For. Fl. 410; Kurz For. I n. 64; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 240; Bedd. For. Man. 221, t. 26, f. 1; o FI. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 978, and Suppl. 171; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 326. Epicarpurus orientalis, Blume Bijd. 488; Wight Ic. t. 1961. E. [sn Steud. Nomencl. i. 556. Trophis aspera, Retz. Obs. v. 30 (excl. syn.) ; Ca A FI. Ind. iii. 761; Wight in Hook. Journ. Bot.i. (1834) 62, t. 121 ; Wali. we 4640. T. cochinchinensis, Poir. Encycl. viii. 123. T. aculeata, Roth Nov. Sp. 868. Achymus patens, Soland. mss.—Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 48. Drier parts of India; from RoHILKUND, eastward and southward to Larne ini rr ochin Chie the ANDAMAN ISLANDS. CEYLON; common.—DisTRIB. Malay H ochin China China, Siam. A rigid shrub or gnarled tree; branchlets tomentose or pubescent. | Leaves M. ^^ rigid, elliptic, rhomboid, ovate or obovate, irregularly toothed ; Vanele short "d heads globose, solitary or 2-nate, sometimes androgynous; pedu j Í i it pisiform; perian th yellow flowers minute. "Fem. fl. longer peduncled. Fruit pisi pe 2. S. mitis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 464; glabrous, male fl. in simple or branched spikes, Ava; on the Kakh i . I do not know this hug Ma Ki Karz describes as an evergreen tree with leaves 490 OXXXVI. URTICACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Streblus. like those of S. scaber, but much larger (2-4 in.), membranous, oblong to obovate, with rounded base, and male spikes 3-1 in. Fem. fl. unknown.—Probably not a Streblus. 11. BROUSSONETIA, Tent. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrate or lobed; stipules lateral, deciduous. Flowers diccious, in solitary capitate or cylindric „spikes. Mark FL. Perianth 4-fid, or -lobed, valvate. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode minute. "FEM. FL. mixed with persistent bracts. Perianth ovoid er tubular, 3—4-toothed, persistent. Ovary included, stipitate ; style subulag » 2-partite; ovule pendulous. Achenes in small heads, surrounded wit e bracts and perianths, stipitate, exserted, fleshy below crustaceous above; style excentric. Albumen scanty ; cotyledons oblong, equal, radicle ascending incumbent.— Species 2-3, Malayan, Chinese and Japanese. B. papyrifera, Vent. Table Régne Vég. i. 547; branchlets sub tomentose, leaves obliquely ovate or oblong acuminate entire or (young: sinuately 2-3-lobed and toothed scabrid above pubescent beneath. n , in DC. Prodr. xvii. 994; Brand. For. Fl. A10; Kurz For. Fl. n. 467; Dot. Mag. t. 2358; Andrews Bot. Rep. t. 488. MARTABAN and Ava HILLS, Kurz.—DisTRIB. Malay and Pacific Islands. Sin A small tree. Leaves 3-8 in., membranous; petiole 2-3 in. Male spikes ants cylindric, peduncled, pubescent. Fem. heads longer peduncled, globose, 4-3 in. ” tomentose. Fruit fleshy, red, shining, stipes long. 12. ALLIEANTIEHUS, Thwaites. Trees, flowering after the leaves fall sap milky. Leaves alterna penninerved from the base; stipules lateral. Flowers diccious, "m + fd very long cylindric spikes, fem. capitate. MALE FL. Perianth * ed imbricate. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode minute. FEM. FL. Tory with persistent bracts. Perianth tubular, 4-toothed, persistent. ale sessile; style elongate, undivided or with a short basal branch ; ov ed pendulous. Achenes in globose tomentose heads, oblique, sessile, SUITOUP with bracts and perianths, coriaceous. Seed exalbuminous; embryo recury , cotyledons broad plicate, radicle ascending incumbent.—Species 2 or 9 Indian, Malayan and Cingalese. l. A. zeylanicus, Thwaites in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. (1855) paa t. 9 B, and Enum. 263; branchlets pubescent, fem. heads solitary. u in DC. Prodr. xvii. 223; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 307. CEYLON ; in the Central Province, alt. 1-2000 ft. . :stichous A deciduous tree, 30—40 ft. ; branchlets terete, hairy. Leaves 3-4 iD., die ales hairy, cordate-lanceolate, acuminate, paler beneath; petiole } in., hairy; " p obliquely oblong, acuminate, striate. Fem. heads } in. diam., stoutly pedunc'ec- ds 2. A. Kurzii, Hook. f.; branchlets quite glabrous, fem. hea cymose. Malaisia tortuosa, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 466 (not of Blume). 5 A657). Assam, Masters; at Goalpara, Clarke. Burma, Griffith (Kew D istrib. PzGv to TzNASSERIM, Kurz. :4. in shortly Branchlets very long, terete. Leaves not seen. Male spikes 1-13 in., » diam» ped uncled subracemose clusters, pendulous; bracts orbicular. Fem. heads $ sd acute, 1-6 in a raceme, pubescent. Achenes 6-12 in a head, not protruded, oc , coriaceous; style very long, undivided; cotyledons subequal, broad, thin, inc Alleanthus. | CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 491 Resembles Malaisia tortuosa, a widely diffused Malayan and Australian plant, and mistaken for it by Kurz; it differs in the erect habit, embryo, and undivided style. The genera might well be united. The true M. tortuosa, though abundant from the Malay to the Pacific Islands, has not hitherto beer found in the limits of British ndia. 13. PLHCOSPERMUM, 7recu/. Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules minute. Flowers diccious, in axillary solitary or 2-3-nate peduncled heads. MALE Fr. bracteolate. Periunth-lobes 4, concave, imbricate. Stamens 4, inflexed in bud. Pistillode minute, hairy. Fem. FL. Perianths fleshy, 4-toothed, connate into a fleshy many-celled head. Ovary straight, included ; style filiform, undivided; ovule pendulous. Achenes few in the globose fleshy receptacle, coriaceous, adnate to the perianths. Albumen 0; embryo subglobose, one cotyledon very large fleshy, embracing the smaller folded one; radicle upcurved.—Species 3, an African and the foliowing. 1. P. spinosum, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, viii. 124; spinous. Bureau in| DC. Prodr. xvii. 233; Wight Ic. t. 1963; Brand. For, F l 401; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 391 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. ,220. Batis spinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 769 (excl. syn. Rumph.. B. aurantiaca, Wall. mss. Trophis spinosa, Heyne in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 734; Wall. Cat. 4641 A, E. T. aculeata, Roth Nov. Sp. 368. From the SALT RANGE, alt. 3000 ft., eastwards along the foot of the Himalaya, and southwards to TRAVANCORE and CEYLON. . . A shrub or tree, spines axillary, straight; branchlets puberulous, Leaves 2-3 in., elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse or acute, glabrous; nerves obscure; petiole 4-5 in. Male heads } in. diam. ; sepals obtuse or notched, pubescent. Fruiting heads } in. diam., lobed, with 1-2 achenes.—Closely resembles Cudrania javanensis in habit and foliage. 2. P. andamanicum, King in Herb. Calcutt.; unarmed. TENASSERI ; banks of the Atran, Lobb. ANDAMAN IsrANDps, King's Col- ctor. . Apparently a larger stouter species than P. spinosum, and unarmed, with elliptic-oblong coriaceous leaves 4—5 by 2-3 in., rounded at the base, longer petioles (3-1 in.) and larger fem. heads on very stout peduncles. 14. MORUS, Linz. „Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or 3-lobed, base »-nerved; stipules small, lateral, caducous. Flowers mono- or dicecious, Spicate. MALE FL. Sepals 4, imbricate. Stamens 4, inflexed iu bud. Pis- tillode turbinate. Fem. FL. Sepals 4, ducussate, imbricate, accrescent and Succulent in fruit. Ovary included, straight, l-celled; sty le central, 2 partite or 2-fid; ovule pendulous. Fruiting spikes or heads many; achenes enclosed in the succulent perianths. Seed subglobose, albumen copious fleshy; embryo incurved, cotyledons oblong equal, radicle ascending mcumbent.— Species few, tropical and temperate. I follow Brandis as to the first four Indian species of this genus, which he knew well in a living state, and had carefully studied. M. atropurpurea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 595, Wall. Cat. 4647, a Chinese species closely allied to if not a variety of M. alba, with long cylindric dark-purple fruit, is cultivated in India. 492 OXXXVI, URTICACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Morus. M. ALBA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 986; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate acute often lobed toothed base 3-nerved, male sepals} elliptic, fem. spikes short ovoid, outer sepals keeled, inner flat or concave, styles short free. M. alba (in part), Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 238; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 594; Brand. For. Fl. 407, t. 47; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 327; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 657. M. serrata, Wall. Cat. 4648 B. M. tatarica, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3, 1399; Roxb. l. c. 598; Pallas Fl. Ross. i. ii. 9, t. 59. Cultivated in the PANJAB, Nortu-Werst HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET, ascending to 11,000 ft.—DIsTRIB. Affghanistan, N. and W. Asia, wild, or cultivated (for its fruit). : A deciduous monecious tree, 30-40 ft.; branchlets petioles and leaves beneath puberulous or pubescent. Leaves 2-3 in., rather membranous; petiole 3-1 1. Fruiting spikes peduncled, white or red, sweet.— Roxburgh describes this as dicecious. The common black mulberry differs from alba in its broader firm thick often 5- nerved leaves, subsessile fem. spikes, densely hairy perianth and styles, and purple aci- dulous-sweet fruit, Brandis. M. alba is cultivated for its fruit. 1. M. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 986; leaves ovate caudate-acuminate sharply serrate often deeply lobed scaberulous, male sepals elliptic hairy, fem. spikes short ovoid, sepals obovate, outer keeled, inner flat, styles long hairy connate below. M. alba, var. indica, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvu. 243; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 596 ; Brand. For. Fl. 408; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 468; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 328; Wight Ic. t. 674; Wall. Cat. 4645 (except H). M. parvifolia, Royle mss. PM. acidosa, Grif. Notul. iv. 388. M. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 4646; Gamble l. c. M. alba, var. cuspidata, Bureau . €. 243. TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Sikkim, ascending to 7000 ft., wild and cultivated (for silkworm-feeding) in Bengal, Assam, Burma, &c.— DISTRIB. China, Japan. . Habit of M. alba, but cultivated usually as a shrub, of which it is perhaps 4 form with long points to the rougher leaves, connate styles, and obovate female sepas. Wallich’s 4645 H is a very different plant, which I do not recognize. 2. M. serrata, Rorb. Fl. Ind. ii. 596 ; leaves broadly ovate-cordaté acuminate coarsely toothed or serrate, petiole tomentose, fem. spikes sho cylindric, fem. sepals 2-4 equal oblong ciliate, styles very hairy connas? below, fruit shortly cylindric purple sweet. M. alba, L. ?, Wall. Cat. 4648 A; Brand. For. Fl. 409; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 328. M. alba, var. serrata, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 242. M. pabularia, Dene. in Jacquem. oy: Bot. 149, t. 151. M. vicorum, Jacquem. mss. . K emer) ATE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 4-9000 ft. (cultivated in unawur ). A lofty tree, attaining 60-70 ft., and girth of trunk 28 ft.; young parts pubescent or tomentose. Leaves 2-8 in., often lobed, membranous ; petiole 1-2 in» and young leaves beneath pubescent ; stipules broadly lanceolate. Spikes, males 1-2 In» fem. 4 in., peduncles softly tomentose. Sepals of male elliptic-oblong, ager filaments flattened below. Fruit mucilaginous.—United with alba by Bureau, m I think very distinct. Roxburgh describes the leaves as rough but void of poet cence, and distinguishes the species by the long points and remarkably large teet the leaves, thus resembling M. indica, 3. M. levigata, Wall. Cat. 4649; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate cuspidate finely serrate toothed glabrous or subscaberulous, spikes of bo of sexes very long-peduncled, sepals 4 rounded concave of male very hairy | fem. glabrous, styles nearly free papillose, fruit long cylindric yellow? M ————HHÁÀ— Morus. | CXXXVI. URTICACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) 493 white sweet, acini very small. Brand. For. Fl. 409; Kurz For. Fl. ii. PB M. alba, var. levigata, Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 245. M. glabrata, all. mss. TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from the Indus to Assam, wild and cultivated, ascending to 4000 ft. BEHAR, cultivated, Brandis, MARTABAN and TENASSERIM, wild, Kurz. A medium-sized tree, shoots stipules and peduncles softly hairy. Leaves 3-7 in., membranous, young sparsely pubescent, base rounded or cordate; petiole 1 in., pubescent ; stipules slender. Male spikes 4—5 in., slender, villous, shortly peduncled ; fem. as long, glabrous. Fruit insipid. Van. viridis, Bureau 1. c. 245 ; leaves rounded at the top. M. viridis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4650.—Patna, Hamilton. 15. SLOETIA, Teijsm. and Binnend. Trees. Leaves large, alternate, entire, penninerved; stipules lateral, caducous. Flowers moneecious, in solitary or binate axillary long male or androgynous spikes with peltate bracts, often unilateral; fem. few, amongst the males. Mars rL. Perianth 3-lobed or -partite, imbricate. Stamens 3, inflexed in bud. Pistil/ode small. Fem. rr. Sepals 4, embracing the ovary. Ovary straight; style subcentral, persistent, arms 2, very long and slender; ovule pendulous. “Fruit globose or turgidly ovoid, elastically ejected. Albumen 0; cotyledons thin, broad, unequal, concave, outer embracing the smaller, radicle elongate.— Species 3 or 4, Malayan. l. S. Sideroxylon, Teijsm. & Binnend. in Tijdschrift. Nat. Ver. 1863; leaves petioled 10-12 by 34-5 in. elliptic-oblong or broadly oblanceolate cuspidate base acute subequal. Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. 257; Kurz in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 168, t. 19. Artocarpus elongatus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 172, 419. Morus bifaria, Hort. Calcutt. (in part). SINGAPORE, Kurz.— DISTRIB. Java, Sumatra. .. A tall tree; shoots puberulous; branchlets smooth. Leaves shining above, sub- scaberulous beneath; nerves 16-22 pairs; petiole 3-1 in.; stipules $ in. Spikes 3-5 in., one narrow part of the rachis flowerless. Fruit pisiform.— Kurz l. c. describes the nerves as 12 to 15 pairs, but I find (in his specimens) 16-20. 2. S. penangiana, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1531; leaves 9-15 by 3-5 in. subsessile elongate-oblong acuminate broader at the unequal sub- cordate base, PENANG; on Government Hill, Curtis. Perak; at Goping, King's Collector. The form of the leaf distinguishes this from S. Sideroxylon. Old leaves from Perak are very large, glossy above, quite smooth beneath, cordate with overlapping develope Pe a very stout petiole } in. long. Spikes à-3 in. long (perhaps not well 3. S. Wallichii, King mss.; leaves 6-9 by 1-3 in. shortly petioled oblanceolate or oblong and widened upwards cuspidate or acuminate, base very unequal acute obtuse or semicordate. Urticea, Wall. Cat. 9090. Morus ifaria, Hort. Cale. (in part). PENANG, Wallich, &c. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector, MALACCA, Main- 9?y (Kew Distrib. 1490). SINGAPORE, Murton.—DisTRIB. Java? (Herb. Hort. ogor., No. 7357.) a much smaller-leaved species than either of the foregoing, with 10-20 pairs of nerves. Spikes 2-4 in, with a narrow flowerless streak on one side.—The Calcutta Garden specimens have elliptic-oblong leaves quite equal at the base. 491 CXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ficus. 16. DORSTENIA, Linn. Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves alternate or radical, entire or lobed; stipules lateral. Flowers moncecious, crowded on a flat simple or lobed androgynous receptacle. Mate FL. Perianths more or less connate and adnate with the receptacle, obscurely 2-lobed or toothed. Stamens 1-3, inflexed in bud. Pistillode 0. Fem. FL. deeply sunk in the receptacle; perianth-mouth almost closed. Ovary included ; style excentric or lateral, arms 2 subulate; ovule pendulous. Achene minute, crustaceous. Albumen 0; cotyledons subequal, contorted, embracing the upcurved radicle.—Species about 45, all American and African but the following. D. indica, Wall. Cat. 4639 ; stem simple, leaves alternate membranous from obovate to lanceolate acuminate sinuate-toothed, receptacle peltate broadly obconic rounded or angular with 5-12 linear arms. Bureau m DC. Prodr. xvii. 272; Wight Ic. t. 1964. Deccan PENINSULA; in the Nilghiri, Pulney and Dindygul Mts., Wight. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 3-6000 ft. Sparsely hairy; stem 3-10 in., erect from a ereeping base, stout or slender. Leaves 2-3} in., narrowed into a petiole 3-1 in., puberulous or glabrous. Receptacles 4-2 in. diam. 17. FICUS, Linn. (by G. King). ` Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, sap milky. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, lobed, serrate or toothed; stipules various. Flowers minute, unisexual, on the inner walls of a fleshy receptacle, the mouth of which is closed by imbricate bracts; flowers often mixed with bracteoles. Mate FL. Perianth 2-6-fid or partite, imbricate. Stamens 1-2, rarely 3-6, erect in bud. Fem. ru. Perianth of the male, or imperfect, or 0. Ovary . straight or oblique; style excentric, stigma various; ovule pendulous. Achenes crustaceous or fleshy. Albumen scanty; embryo curved, coty- ledons equal or unequal, radicle upcurved.—Species about 600, mostly tropical. In Ficus the receptacles are sometimes unisexual, but are usually androgynous with the males nearest the mouth. The flowers are of four kinds or forms, n e female, galls, and (rarely) neuters, The male and female fl. are described el The gall fl. are like the female but perfect no seed, their style is short, often dila od above, and the ovary occupied by the pupa of a Hymenopterous insect. Neu » flowers, found in Sect. Synccia only, have the perianth of the males.— The ma o, fem. and gall fl. may occupy the same receptacle; or the males and galls one set receptacles, and the fem, and neuters in another set; or the males and galls may in one set of receptacles and the females in another set. . ted 1 am indebted to Dr. King for the following account of the Indian Figs, exime from his fine work on the Indo-Malayan Fici prepared for the “ Annals 0 at Caleutta Botanical Gardens,” of which the first part only, embracing the fout aye sections of the genus, have as yet come to hand. It will be observed that I a throughout modified the wording and arrangements of the characters, 80 aS to bri the descriptions into harmony with those of other genera in this Flora. — duced Owing to the redundancy of the synonymy and citations unhappily intros an into this genus through the multiplication of the species by the late Dr. Mique, e the numerous works in which he published, I have been compelled to abbrevia ave titles of the latter, which would otherwise have occupied an unreasonable etiem S4 space, Thus *' Mig. Anu." stands for ** Miquel’s Annales Musei Lugduni Batavo ; '** Miq. Flor." for his ** Flora Indie Batav ;” and “ Miq. in L. J. B." for his pa in Hooker's London Journal of Botany.—J. D. H. Ficus, G. King.) oxxxvr. vRTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 495 KEY TO THE SECTIONS, &c. Sect. I. Panzomorpue. Male fl. monandrous and containing a pistillode, in the same receptacles with gall fl. Fem. fi. in separate receptacles, their perianth gamophyllous (except in M. gibbosa).—Small trees or erect or sub- scandent shrubs. Sp. 1-6. Sect. II. Urnostiema. Flowers unisexual or asexual. Male, fem. and gall fl. in the same receptacle; stamens 1 (sometimes 2 in Nos. 52 and 53) ; stigma elongate, usually acute.—Usually trees or powerful climbers, epiphytal, at least in early life. Leaves alternate, entire, rarely mem- branous. Receptacles axillary, or from the scars of fallen leaves, base tri- bracteate (bracts at the base of the peduncle in Nos. 34 and 42). Series 1. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous ; petiole short or moderately long, nerves jointed to the blade. 8 7 Leaves coriaceous, more or less ovate and cordate, pubescent when young.— p. 7-12. b. Leaves coriaceous, more or less ovate or elliptic, base not cordate, glabrous even when young (except F. altissima).—Sp. 13-20. c Leaves coriaceous, tapering at both ends; basal bracts of receptacles large and prominent.—Sp. 21-24. d. Leaves coriaceous, tapering at both ends; basal bracts of receptacles not large nor prominent.—Sp. 25-27. . 29 Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, tips broad obtuse.—Sp. J. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous; primary and secondary nerves equally Prominent, close together, straight and anastomosing little, except near the margin.— Sp. 30-32. j. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate or elliptic subovate or sublanceolate ; secondary $e se almost as prominent as the primary ; anastomoses numerous, minute, distinct.— p. 33-41. s i Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or oblanceolate ; receptacles without basal bracts.— p. 42. Series 2. Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous; petiole long, jointed to the blade. Sp. 43-51. : . EO n9 Series 3. Leaves coriaceous. Stamens 2 (or Lin F. cdllosa). Sp. 52-53. Sect. III. Svwccra. Flowers unisexual or neuter; male and gall fl. in one set of receptacles, fem. and neuters in another set (neuters 0 in F. apio- carpa). Male fi. membranous.—Climbers with large coloured receptacles. aves alternate, tessellate beneath. Sp. 54-57. Sect. IV. Syctprum. Flowers unisexual; male and gall fl. in one set of receptacles, female in another set. Male fl. monandrous.—Shrubs small Tees or climbers, rarely epiphytal. Leaves alternate, small, more or less scabrid, Receptacles small, chiefly axillary (rarely fascicled). Sp. 57-67. Sect. V. Covert. Flowers unisexual; male and gall fl. in the same mCeptaele, Fem. fl. in separate receptacles. Male fl. monandrous; sepals * Fem. perianth gamophyllous, short, or 0, rarely of 4-5 sepals.—-Trees or shrubs, never epiphytes or climbers. Leaves alternate or opposite. Sceptacles on long subaphyllous branches from near the base of the stem, x Stbhypogeal, or on tubercles of the trunk or large branches, rarely ary.—Sp. VOL. V. p. 99-78. Kk 496 CXXXVI URTICACE®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. Sect. VI. Eusvcr. Flowers unisexual; male and gall fl. in one set of receptacles; fem. fl. in distinct sets (except F. Thwaitesii). Male ft. dian- drous (95 F, hirta is mono- triandrous, and 80 F. levis is often triandrous). —Scandent or erect shrubs or small trees, rarely epiphytes. Leaves not scabrid or hispid. Receptacles small (except F. levis and vars. of F. foveo- lata), axillary. * Scandent or creeping shrubs. Sp. 79-90 (see also 91). ** Shrubs or trees. Sp. 91-103. Sect. VII. NrowonPmE. Flowers unisexual, male and gall fl. in one set of receptacles; fem. fl. in a distinct set, smaller than the males. Male fl. diandrous (F. Clarkei is triandrous); perianth inflated, 3-4-sepalous.— Trees, rarely scandent shrubs, never epiphytal. Leaves alternate. Recep- tacles often very large, in clusters from tubercles on the stem and larger branches.—Sp. 104-111. Sect. I. PALÆOMORPHE (see p. 495). 1. F. pisifera, Wall. Cat. 4504; branchlets scabrid-hispid, leaves shortly petioled membranous or subcoriaceous inequilateral subobovate or elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate or cuspidate repand remotely serrate-toothed or subentire along the upper margin and entire towards the narrowed very unequal base, receptacles 4-10 together i-i 1. diam. peduncled mostly in the axils of fallen leaves globose scabrid or verruculose, basal bracts usually 0. King Fic. 3, t. 1; Mig. in D.J.B. vii. 427 ; Flor. i. ii. 801. F. Tremblas (in part) Tadjam, & hypsophila (in part), Mig. Pl. Jungh. 61, 62, 60; Flor. l. c. 304, 312, t. xx. C and 303. F. grewiæflora, Blume Bijd. 475 (in part); Miq. l.c. 306. F. saxatilis, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. 92. F. acuminatissima, Miq. in L. J. B. l.c. 233. F. Tondana, Mig. Flor. l. c. 905, and F. microtus, l. c. Suppl. 498. F. leucoxylon, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 61. P? F. exasperata, Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii. 555. PENANG, PERAK and SINGAPORE, very common.—DirsrRrs. Malay Islands. A shrub or small tree. Leaves 4—7 in., subscabrid and punctulate beneath, above smoother; nerves 3-5 pairs and midrib prominent and puberulous beneath, reticu- lations distinct; stipules 2, 5-3 in., lanceolate, puberulous, persistent. Recepts 1 with yellow dots; peduncle 1-1 in., slender, scabrid, with sometimes 1-2 wart-like bracts. Male fl. near the top of the receptacle with gall flowers ; sepals 4, unite at the base; stamen 1, with a pistillode. Gall fl. ; sepals 3, linear-lanceolate; ovary obovoid, smooth, stipitate ; style short, lateral, stigma clavate. Fem. ft. ; calyx deeply 4-cleft; achene ovoid; style subterminal, stigma capitate.—Closely allied to F. rostrata, Lamk., but shrubby or arboreous, leaves more unequal-sided, receptac more hispid and more generally peduncled. Most of Blume’s grewiefolia are refera » to this, but a few belong to F. Ampelos, Burm., and I have hence adopted Wallich's name. Probably Roxburgh’s F. exasperata is this, judging from a drawing 12 Roxburgh’s Icones. If this was certain, his name would claim priority, but n9 specimens of Roxburgh's plant appear to be extant. 2. F. gibbosa, Blume Bijd. 466; branchlets scaberulous otie pubescent, leaves petioled coriaceous usually inequilateral elliptic-ovate lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse cuspidate or obtusely or acutely acumina entire, base cuneate or obtuse 3-nerved never rounded gibbous on ene si both sides, receptacles 1—j in. or in pairs or fascicled axillary or from belo the leaves peduncled globose or depressei-pyriform mammillate scabrid an verruculose yellow, umbilicus rather prominent, basal bracts 0, pedunc’? Ficus, G. Kíng.] cxxxvi urticacez, (J.D. Hooker.) 497 long bracteate at the base. King Fic. 4, t. 2; Mig. Pl. Jungh. 62; Flor. i. ii, 398, and var. unigibba, 7. c. Suppl. 430. F. rigida & cuneata, Blume l. c. 465, 468. F. paradoxa, Blume l.c. 467; Mig. l.c. 308. F. Altimeraloo, Roxb. mss. ; Wi At Ic. t. 650; Mig. in L.J. B. vii. 495, and Flor. l. c. 311. F. excelsa, Vahl? in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 552 (excl. syn. Rheede), Kurz an one ii. 451; Wall. Cat. 4477 A to D. F. subobliqua, Mig. Ann. iii. » 293. Bases of the hill ranges throughout INDIA from Kumaon eastwards to Burma, and southwards to the Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, and Ceylon.—DIsTRIB. Malay Islands, Hong Kong. , A tree. Leaves 21-8 in., always with prominent and usually (except in var. para- sttica) more or less lucid nerves and veins; nerves 3-7 pairs (rarely more), pale- coloured and shining to (in vars. cuspidata and parasitica) dull and neither shining nor coloured, above glabrous, shining to dull, and (in var. parasitica) minutely hispid especially on the midrib and nerves, bencath firm, often more or less harsh from the prominent venation; petiole 4-4 in.; stipules 1-4 in., ovate-lanceolate, convolute. Male sepals 4-6, linear, fleshy, hairy ; stamen 1, filament short, united by its base to an abortive (insect-attacked) pistil. Gall fl.; perianth of the male ; ovary globose, smooth ; style short, lateral. Fem. sepals 4, hyaline, linear, slightly airy; achene slightly papillose, obliquely ovoid; style elongate, lateral.—The forms of this protean plant fall under four groups, F. GIBBOSA, Blume; leaves variable glabrous shining purplish brown beneath When dry, midrib nerves and reticulations pale.— Malay Peninsula and Islands. E. CUSPIDIFERA, Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 434; leaves elongate gradually narrowed above more or Jess acuminate minutely tubercled beneath opaque little coloured.— F. excelsa, Wall. Cat.'4477 F. F. reticulosa, Mig. l. c. 435. F. pervia, Mig. l. c. 433; Wall. Cat. 4777 D.—Rumph. iii. 58.—Throughout India, Timor. „F. PARASITICA, Ken. in Willd. Act. Berol. 1798, 25, t. 3; leaves broad subrhom- boid scabrid and hispid above and beneath. Bedd. For. Man. 224; Miq. l.c. 433; Wall. Cat. 4476 A to D; Brand. For. Fl. 420. F. Ampelos, Kan, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 553 ; Wight Ic. t. 652. F. sclerophylla, Rogb. l. c. 546. Urostigma Ampelos, Dalz. § Gids. Bomb. Fl. 315. U. volubile, Dalz. l c. 242.—Central India, Behar and the Deccan.—Under Urostigma Ampelos, Dalz. § Gibs. 315, these authors suggest their volubile being the same species. ; TUBERCULATA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 554; like parasitica, but leaves narrower, rometimes irregularly serrate. Wight Ic. t. 651; Bedd. Forester’s Man. 224. F. angu- Mig. l. c. 434. —Western Ghats and Ceylon. h 9. T. subulata, Blume Bijd. 461; young parts puberulous, leaves ü ort-petioled membranous elliptic elliptic-lanceolate or -subovate some- 3.768 slightly inequilateral cuspidate margins entire waved, base acute oF mMore-nerved, receptacles axillary short-peduncled or subsessile Solitary in pairs or clusters, the male ovoid with the umbilicus rather pro- paent and numerous umbilical bracts, the female globose when ripe, poth i1 in. diam. scaberulous subverrucose orange-red with no basal sheets but with a few scattered irregularly along the sides, peduncles A ort with numerous basal bracts. King Fic. 8, t. 6; Mig. Flor, i. ii. 311 5 im. m. 275, 292; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 452. F. acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 298; Wall Cat. 4478. F. ancolana, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 62. F. virgata, nw. in Blume l.c. 454. 45090 Cuirragone, southward to Preu, Perak and PENANG, ascending to t.—DISTRIB. China, Malay Islands. . Semi-scandent or straggling dicecious shrub. Leaves 4j-10 in., nerves 7-10 » rather prominent beneath, glabrous when mature, dull when dry, rather pale late ¢ i petiole about $ in., stout, scaberulous ; stipules about 1 in., convolute, subu- Urving. Male fl. (only in the ovoid receptacles with the gall fl) ; vente thick, K 498 OXXXVI. UnTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. fleshy, tubular, 4-toothed ; stamen 1, anther broad; pistil globose, insect-attacked. Gall fl. pedicelled, perianth of the male; achene subglobose, smooth ; style short, lateral ; stigma capitate. Fem. fl. (in globose receptacles without male fl.) ; perianth hairy, gamophyllous, with 4 long teeth; achene oblong; style lateral; stigma elongate.— Truly dicecious. The ovoid receptacles with male fl. and gall fl. occur only in the erect shrubby form ; those with globose receptacles bear only fem. fi., and are semi-scandent epiphytes. 4. F. parietalis, Blume Bijd. 462 (excl. var.) ; branchlets’ receptacles petioles and under surfaces of the leaves rusty-pubescent sometimes rather scaberulous, leaves coriaceous petioled elliptic -oblong -ovate or rarely -obo- vate sometimes inequilateral rather abruptly and shortly caudate mar- gins entire revolute, base rounded obtuse acute or subcordate 3-5-nerved, receptacles peduncled axillary in pairs (solitary by abortion) globose or ovoid tapering towards the ebracteate base rather strongly umbonate especially when young hispid-tomentose, ripe }—} in. diam. yellow or orange, peduncles hispid about 4 in. sometimes with 2 or 3 small ovate-acute bracts at their base. King Fic.10, t.8; Mig. Flor.i. ii. 307. F. Junghuhniana and F. rufipila, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 56,57. F.concentrica, Van Has. in Mig. Chorr Pl. Buitenz. t. 11. F. cerasiformis, Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris Ed. 3, 43; Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 498; Lemaire Ill. Hortic. v. t. 167. F. acuminata, Bot. Mag. t. 3989 (not of Rozb.). F. phlebophylla and F. Tabing, Mig. Flor. Suppl. 430. F. grandifolia, Wall. Cat. 4525; Mig. in L. J. B. Lc. ia PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich. PERAK, Kunstler, Wray.—DIsTRIB. Malay slands. . Ashrub or tree, often epiphytal. Leaves 3-12 in., glabrous smooth and shin- ing above, beneath much paler and when young covered with short straight ba many or all of which disappear with age, leaving the under surface hard, sub- scaberulous, glabrous or glabrescent; nerves 2-3 pairs, nervules transverse, re- ticulations distinct, all prominent beneath ; petiole 3-1 in., stout, hispid-pubescent ; stipules small, ovate, acute, hirsute, about } in. long. Male fl. few, under the oval -bracts with the gall flowers; perianth gamophyllous, lobes 5, narrow, elongate ; stamen 1, base of filament adnate to the pedicel of a pistillode. Gall fl. large rounded; perianth of the male; style short, lateral; stigma dilated. Fem. Jt. with a gamophyllous perianth deeply divided into three linear-lanceolate segments? achene reniform-ovoid; style rather long, subterminal, stigma cylindric.—Allie? to F. urophylla, but is a much larger species. The receptacles with male and gè flowers are slightly larger and more umbonate than those with female flowers. 9. F. urophylla, Wall. Cat. 4483; young branches and petioles scurfy or subscabrid when dry, leaves subcoriaceous broadly ovate ° ovate-elliptic abruptly caudate usually entire or sinuate towards the apo base always entire gradually narrowed to the petiole 3.nerved, receptat! - i-i in. diam. shortly peduncled axillary subglobose umbonate scabrit hispid without basal bracts reddish-yellow when ripe, peduncle iir hispid-hirsute. King Fic. ii. t. 9. AssaM, the Knasra MTS., CHITTAGONG, BURMA and PERAK. we bove, An erect shrub or small tree. Leaves 21-4 in. smooth and shining & th; dull and harsh beneath; nerves 2 or 8 pairs, and midrib bold and harsh. serat y petiole 4-3 in.; stipules subulate, minute. Male fl. ; sepals 4; stamen 1, wn ag ; jointed to a pistillode. Fem fl.; perianth 3-cleft; achene obliquely ovoid, a ed. style short, diverging. @ali fl. ; achene smooth, globose ; style short, slightly te —This and F. rostrata, Lamk., afford an excellent example of agreement in er being associated with considerable differences in the flowers. 6. F. celebica, Blume Bijd. 461; branchlets hirsute, leaves me Ficus, G. King.] cxxxvr. urticacrz. (J. D. Hooker.) 499 branous short-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate or caudate-serrate, papilla beneath with 4-6 pairs of hairy nerves above the 3-5 basal, recepts subsessile solitary or fascicled axillary or from scars subglobose setose, basal bracts 0. King Fic. 12, t. 10; Mig. Flor. i.ii. 313; Ann. iii. 274, 292 F. lancifolia, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 459; Ann. 292. Perak, Kunstler.—Distr1B. Celebes, Philippines. A subscandent shrub. Leaves 4-7 in., base entire, often auricled; petiole 45-1 in., hirsute; stipules subulate, tomentose. Recepts white, about } in. diam., young ovoid. Male perianth 3-5-cleft; gall 3-cleft. Gall ovary stipitate, smooth ; style long, lateral. Fem. fl. not seen.—The Perak plant may be regarded as a var. (Kunstleri) with leaves shortly acuminate, little tapering at the base and often fascicled recepts. Sect. II. Urostiema (see p. 495). 7. F. Dalhousizw, Mig. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 571; young branches at first softly pubescent afterwards glabrous, leaves subcoria- ceous petioled elliptic- or broadly ovate acute entire base cordate 3-7- herved, receptacles in pairs shortly peduncled axillary obovoid with 3 road triangular apical scales which and the 3 spreading broad triangular sometimes bifid basal bracts are densely hairy when ripe about lin. diam. pubescent, peduncles about } in. densely hairy. King Fic. 16, t. 11 and 81*; Mig. Ann. iii. 285. Nirenini Hiris ; alt. 2-3000 ft., Wight, Gamble, King. An umbrageous tree, 30—40 ft. Leaves 4-9 in., minutely dotted and puberulous or glabrous above, beneath softly minutely pubescent ; nerves 10-12 pairs, rather Prominent beneath, with midrib minutely pubescent ; petiole 1-2} in., pubescent ; stipules 3-1 in., ovate-lanceolate, much acuminate, puberulous or glabrous. Male ft. very few, only near apex of receptacle, sessile, globose ; sepals 3, concave, rounded ; stamen 1, connective wide, filament thick adnate. Gall fl. on thick pedicels ; peri- anth gamophyllous; ovary obovoid, smooth; style short. Fem. Jl. sessile; achene 9vate ; style long, lateral, stigma cylindric. | 8. F. bengalensis, Linn. Hort. Clif. 471, n. 4; young parts softly Pubescent, leaves coriaceous petioled ovate or orbicular-ovate to elliptic Obtuse entire base rounded subcordate or slightly narrowed 3-7 nerved, receptacles sessile in pairs axillary globose puberulous red and about the Size of a small cherry when ripe with 3 broad rounded spreading near] 7 glabrous coriaceous basal bracts. King Fic. 18, t. 13, 81°; Linn. Sp. Ed. 2, ii. 1514; Beddome For. Man. 222; Brand. For. Fi. 412; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 440. Urostigma bengalense, Gasp. Ric. 82, t. vin. 1 Wight Ic. 1.1989; Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 572; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. FI, 240. F. indica, Linn. Amen. Acad. Ed. 3, i. 27, n. 6 (excl. 7 and 8, and syn. Rheede); Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 539; Champ. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1841, 284- 292, t. 13, 14.— Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 28.—Ham. in Linn. Trans. xu. 459.—Vuta, Asiat. Res. iv. 310.— Wall. Cat. 4560 (in part). Planted in all the plains of Ixp1A; wild only in the sUB-HIMALAYAN FORESTS on the lower slopes of the DEccAN HILLS. . A tree, 70-100 ft. rooting from the branches, and thus forming accessory trunks, extending the growth of the tree indefinitely. Leaves 4-8 by 2-5 in., gla 4 about above, beneath glabrous or minutely pubescent, reticulations distinct ; n p u pairs, prominent ; petiole. 1-2 in., stout ; stipules 4-1 in., MEME 2 a vi Tàther numerous near the mouth of the receptacles ; sepals 4, rather broad; s nth a i Gall fl. with a similar perianth, style short. Fem. ft. with shorter perianth dt elongated Style.—Known to Europeans as the banyan, and to natives of India under * variety of names, The name F. bengalensis was first published by Linnzus in and 500 OXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. 1737 in the Hortus Cliffortianus. The figures there quoted, and the remarks about the aerial roots, prove that this name was intended for the banyan, to which he unfortunately subsequently gave the name F. indica. In the Amanitates, ed. 3, i. 27 (1785), a list is given of three species of Ficus which Linnzus named F. indica. The third of these is probably American. The second is F. Tjiela, Roxb., the Tjiela of Rheede (Hort. Malab. iii. t. 63), whilst remarks on the aerial roots appended to the notice of the first make it quite clear that the banyan is there meant. But under it is quoted Rheede’s Katou alow (Hort. Malab. iii. t. 57), which is really F. mysorensis, Heyne, as also F. indica, Rumph’s Varinga repens (Hort. Amb. iii. t. 84), and to this the name F., indica, Linn., has by modern writers been confined. F. bengalensis, Linn., is also mentioned in the Amenitates (l. c., p. 29), and under it is quoted Rheede’s figure of the Peralu (Hort. Malab. i. t. 28), which is unmistakably the banyan. It is thus clear that Linneus gave two specific names, bengalensis and indica, to the banyan, and, further, confused with the banyan the Katou alow of Rheede. F. bengalensis, Linn., is hence the earliest name which can without doubt be connected with the banyan. _9. F. mysorensis, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 390; branchlets covered with rusty grey or rufous flocculent tomentum afterwards nearly glabrous and dotted, leaves coriaceous petioled ovate elliptic-ovate rarely -obovate cuspidate entire base rounded emarginate or cordate 3—5-nerved, receptacles sessile in axillary pairs oblong to subobovate truncate or slightly depressed at the apex, young flocculent-tomentose, ripe nearly glabrous 1 in. long orange-red, basal bracts 3 broadly triangular obtuse spreading. King Fic. 19, t. 14, 15, 81°; Beddome For. Man. 222; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 440; Mig. Ann. iii. 285. F. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2 (1763), ii. 1514; Aman. Aca i. 27, n. 6 (partly). F. cotoniæfolia, Vahl Enum. ii. 189 (excl. sy”. Rumph). F. citrifolia, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1137. F. Gonia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 137 ; Wall. Cat. 4496 A, B and C (not D); Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 57. Urostigma mysorense, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 574. Forests of the base of the HIMALAYA from Sikkim eastwards; the Kaastra MTs. Burma, the Deccan PENINSULA and CEYLON. . A large ambrageous tree; aerial roots few, embracing thestem. Leaves 31-8in.; nerves 10-13 pairs, prominent, upper glabrous and minutely dotted, beneath floccu- lent-tomentose, ultimately nearly glabrous; petiole 3—14 in., stout; stipules id in., broadly triangular, floceulent-tomentose, Male jl. near the apex of receptacle, rather numerous, pedicelled; stamen 1; anther-cells subglobose. Gall ft. broad, smooth ; sepals 4 ; style short, subterminal. Fem. ff. with ovoid achene and elongate lateral style.— Young receptacles enclosed in calyptriform involucres (as n F. bengalensis, Linn.), and others. The following are varieties. F. PUBESCENS, Roth Nov. Sp. 387; leaves smaller, nerves fewer, pubescence denser longer deeper rusty red especially in the youngest parts. F. rupestris, Haw in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 137. F. tomentosa, Herb. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 4499. Urostigma dasycarpum, Mig. in L J.B. vi. 574; Dalz. 4 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 242.— Deccan Peninsula, and Ceylon with the typical form ascending to 2500 ft. 71 22d F. SUBREPANDA, Wall. Cat. 4508 A ; leaves larger, adult glabrous subscabrid an dotted, nerves 12-20 pairs above the basal 7-9, receptacles globose (young over 1} in. diam, smooth orange-red. F. lateritia, Wall. Cat. 4496 D.— Himalaya, Khasia and Burma Hills, 10. F. pilosa, Reinw. in Blume Bijd. 446; young parts covered with short flocculent (usually grey) oaducons tomentam, Soh eed subcoriaceous elliptic-oblong to -obovate entire or margins subundulate, base narrow rounded or truncate often subcordate occasionally slightly une ual, aper with a short abrupt obtuse apiculus, receptacles sessile in axillary P ovoid-cylindrical umbonate 3 in. long reddish and glabrous when ripe W! Ficus, G. King.) oxxxvi vnTiCACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 501 3 minute rounded membranous ciliate basal bracts. King Fic. 21, t. 16, 81°; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 441. Urostigma pilosum, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 90, 96, and Flor. i. ii. 351. U. bicorne, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 47, and Flor. l.c. 350, t. 24 A. U. subcuspidatum, Mig. in Zoll. l. c. 97. UPPER TENAssERIM, Kurz. PENANG? (I have seen no specimen).—DISTRIB. Java, Borneo, N. Australia, A jarge tree, with a few aerial roots. Leaves 3} in., nerves about 8-11 pairs, curving and anastomosing near margin ; petiole 1—$ in. ; stipules 3-3 in., membranous, rufous-tomentose when young. Male fl. on short thick pedicels; sepals 4, hyaline ; anther 1, filament stout, short. Gall Jl. with a gamophyllous 3—4-toothed, oblique, closely-embracing perianth ; style elongate, stigma flattened ; ovary smooth. Fem. JL. very like the galls, but the perianth less distinct and the achene broader and tuber- culate.—Probably a var. of mysorensis. The only good fruit ] have seen is in Queensland specimens, here described. The following variety is parallel to the var. pubescens of F. mysorensis. F. cmrYsocoma, Blume Bijd. 443; tomentum more copious bright rufous. Urostigma chrysothrix, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 90, 96. ll. F. tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng., and Fl. Ind. iii. 550; shoots petioles leaves beneath and receptacles covered with rusty-grey tomentum, leaves crowded towards the ends of the branches coriaceous petioled elliptic- ovate or -obovate obtusely apiculate entire, base rounded or slightly cordate 57-nerved, receptacles sessile in axillary pairs pisiform tomentose 1-3 in. diam., apical scales small glabrous, basal bracts 3 large spreading pubescent Sometimes 3-fid when young. King Fic. 22, t. 18 and 815; Willd. Spec. lant. iv. 1136; Wight Ic. t. 647 ; Brand. For. Fl.414; Bedd. For. Man. 29. Urostigma tomentosum, obversum & connivens, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 573. F. mollis, Vahl Symb. i. 82, and Enum. ii. 192 (excl. syn. Willd.) F. asinina, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 138; Wall. Cat. 4497 A to D. Drier parts of the GANGETIO PLAIN, BEHAR, BANDA, CENTRAL INDIA, the ECCAN PENINSULA, and CEYLON. ` large umbrageous tree, throwing out small aerial roots from the branches. Leaves 2-5 in., with about 5 pairs of nerves, upper surface glabrous or glabrescent minutely dotted when dry; petiole 3-1 in.; stipules }-} in. densely woolly outside, margins broad scarious glabrous. Male fl. few, near the mouth of the receptacle; sepals 4, lanceolate; stamen 1. Gall and fem. fl. with 4 sepals shorter than the Ovary; gall fl. with smooth ovary and short style; fem. fl. with tubercled achene and long style. _12. F. bracteata, Wall. Cat. 4498; young branches leaves beneath stipules petioles and receptacles densely covered with deciduous [reddish- Town flocculent tomentum, leaves coriaceous petioled obovate-oblong entire with an abrupt short obtuse apiculus, base ‘cordate slightly unequal TUncate 5-nerved, receptacles sessile crowded at the apices of the branches in the axils of the undeveloped leaves globose or turbinate slightly trigonous t naely tomentose even when ripe bright orange } in. diam. King Fic. 23, EM 81^; Mig. in L.J. B. vi. 576. ] ENANG, PERAK and SINGAPORE, Wallich, King.—D1sTRIB. Java. be powerful scandent epiphyte. Leaves 7-11 in.; nerves 4-6 pairs, prominent i neath, upper surface smooth except the persistently rusty-tomentose midrib, lower n adult leaves pubescent or subglabrous ; petiole 3-14 in. ; stipules flaccid, ovate- pruminate, 2 by 1 in., densely tomentose on the midrib outside; basal bracts 3 or 4, Toad, rounded, scarious, glabrous, Male fi. scattered all over the receptacle, pedi- h ed; sepals 2 or 3 hyaline; anther 1, filament very short. Gall fi. with a gamo- Phyllous, 3-toothed perianth closely enveloping „the smooth ovoid ovary. Fem. fi. 502 CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. with 4 loosely attached lanceolate sepals, achene elongate, often sessile.—The interior of the receptacle contains numerous lanceolate bracteoles. The enormous persistent prefoliar stipules (really leaf-scales) on the apices of the branches and surrounding the densely tomentose young fruit distinguish this from any other Urostigma. 13. F. pruniformis, Blume Bijd. 451; all parts except the stipules glabrous, leaves coriaceous long-petioled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire, base much narrowed rarely rounded 3-nerved, receptacles long-peduncled axillary solitary or in pairs ovoid slightly umbonate and reddish when ripe about l in. long, apical scales small coriaceous, basal bracts 3 small coriaceous free ovate acute puberulous sometimes attached to the peduncle a little below the base of the receptacle, peduncle j-$ in. slender. King Fic. 24, t.21 and 81*. F. depressa, Blume l.c. 450; Mig. Ann. iii. 286. Urostigma pruniforme, Mig. Ann. l.c. 266, 286 ; in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 91, 97; and in Flor. i. ii. 352, and Suppl. 177, 440? U. depressum, Mig. Flor. l. c. 351 (not of L. J. B.). U. peracutum, Mig. Flor. l. c. 343. PERAK, Kunstler, alt. 1-4000 ft.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. A powerful stem-clasping epiphyte or large tree. Leaves 4-6 in.; nerves 6- 10 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole slender, 3-1} in.; stipules linear-lanceolate, 3-1 in., pubescent. Male fl. very numerous over all the receptacle, pedicelled ; sepals 2, broad, concave, hyaline; stamen 1, anther elongate-ovate sessile. Gall fl. pedi- celled ; perianth gamophyllous, 5-cleft ; ovary smooth, short, stigma obliquely truncate. Fem. fl. mostly sessile, the achene ovoid, tuberculate; style long, lateral; stigma flat, elongate.—Readily recognized by its large long-peduncled receptacles. 14. F. annulata, Blume Bijd. 448; all parts glabrous or (var. valida) the leaves and stipules beneath and petioles more or less pubescent, leaves thinly coriaceous oblong or oblanceolate or ovate-elliptic and shortly acuminate entire or margins slightly undulate, base acute or slightly round never cordate 3-nerved, receptacles peduncled in axillary pairs ovoid or oblong prominently umbonate smooth, ripe 1-14 in. long greenish orange- yellow with white spots, basal bracts 3 ovate acute free, peduncle stout $-i in. with a thickened annulus near the top and below the basal bracts of the receptacle. King Fic. 25, t. 23, 81'; Mig. Ann. iii. 285; Kurz For. Flor. ii. 443. F. flavescens & valida, Bl. l.c. 449. Urost. annulatum, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 90; Flor. i. ii. 952, and Suppl. 440. U. flaves- cens, Mig. in Plant. Jungh. 48, and Fl. Ind. Bat. l. c. 335, and Suppl. 436. JU. biverrucellum, Mig. Flor. Suppl. 436. U. validum & conocarpum, Mig.'l. c. 337, 350. U. depressum, Mig. in L. J.B. vi. 576, and Zoll. Syst. Verz. (excl. F. depressa, BL). BURMA; on the plains and lower hills, Prrax, Kunstler.—DisrEip. Malay Islands. ? A large stem-clasping, semi-scandent epiph rely an independent tree. Leaves 6-12 in.; nerves 10-15 pairs, prominent with. curving submarginal anas- tomoses, reticulations conspicuous; petiole 1-1} in. ; stipules linear-oblong, flaccid, fugacious, 1}-6 in. Male fl. scattered all over the interior of tbe receptacle, numerous, pedicelled. Gall fl. numerous; perianth gamophyllous, 3-toothed ; achene ovoid, smooth; style long, stigma long flattened. Fem, fl. very few ; perianth deeply 4-cleft ; achene tubercled; style shorter than achene, stigma clavate.— idely distributed and variable; the following are the two principal forms. F. FLAVESCENS, Blume; leaf-base much narrowed. U. biverrucellum, Miq.— Burma; ascends to 5000 ft. in Java. Cultivated in Bengal as F. magnifolia. | T. VALIDA, Blume; leaves puberulous beneath especially on the nerves, stipules silky, pedicels only } in. very stout deciduously tomentose. 15. F. Beddomei, King Fic. 26, t. 24 and 817; all parts glabrous T. Ficus, G. King.] oxxxvi, vRTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 503 young branches thick, bárk pale, leaves coriaceous long-petioled ovate-rotund or broadly ovate shortly acuminate entire or margins slightly undulate, base broad truncate or very slightly emarginate 3-nerved, receptacles pe- duncled in axillary pairs ovoid or'subobovoid with a rather prominent apical umbilicus and several vertical ridges smooth 1 in. long about $ in. across, basal bracts 3 small broadly triangular coriaceous united by their bases, peduncles stout 2 in. Deccan Peninsuta; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. n A tree? Leaves about 7 by 4 in.; nerves nearly at right angles to the midrib, about 12 pairs, prominent on both surfaces; petiole stout, about 2} in.; stipules lanceolate, about i in. Male Jl. numerous, scattered, shortly pedicelled; anther broad, single, sessile ; sepals 2 or 3. Gall and fem. fl. shortly pedicelled ; sepals 4 or 5, lanceolate (ripe achenes unknown). Interior of the receptacle covered between the insertions of the flowers with long, narrow, pointed scales.—A remarkable species; I ave seen only three specimens. 16. F. globosa, Blume Bijd. 449; younger branches covered with deciduous brown scurf mixed with a few hairs ultimately all parts glabrous, leaves thinly coriaceous petioled elliptic or oblong suddenly shortly cuspi- date entire, base broad rounded slightly emarginate (narrowed in var. anok) 3-nerved, receptacles shortly peduncled in axillary pairs subglobose and umbonate when young, ripe depressed at the apex almost turbinate i-lin. diam. minutely scurfy, basal bracts 3 small, peduncles stout z in. King Fic. 27, t. 25, 81"; Miq. Ann. iii. 285. F. onusta, Wall. Cat. 4563; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 441. F. firma, Wall. Cat. 4564 A, B. Urost. globosum, Mig. Flor. i. ii, 335. U. Manok, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 90,96; Flor. l. c. 837. U. onustum, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 57; Flor. l.c. 336. Burma and PENANG, Wallich. PERAK, Kunstler.—DISTRIB. Malay Islands. _ large climber. Leaves 34-6} in.; primary nerves 6-9 pairs, nearly at right ` angles to the midrib, rather prominent below; petiole 3-13 in.; stipules 3-2} in., deciduous, linear, acute. Male JL. few, scattered, pedicelled ; sepals 4, hyaline ; anther single, sessile, Gall Jl. mostly pedicelled ; perianth gamophyllous, 5-cleft; ovary smooth; style short, lateral. Fem. fl. few, sessile or nearly so; perianth gamophyl- lous, with 5 lanceolate teeth; style elongate, stigma obovate ; achene ovoid, tuber- cled.—Miquel's U. Manok is a variety with a narrowed leaf-base. 17. F. travancorica, King Fic. 28, t. 26, 82^; young parts minutely pubescent all ultimatel glabrous, bark of young shoots pale, leaves coria- ceous lanceolate acuminate entire margins subundulate, base much nar- rowed 3-nerved, receptacles in axillary pairs peduncled globose smooth when ripe and about in. diam., apical scales broad flat, basal bracts broadly triangular obtuse, peduncles 4 in. Hiris of NorTH TRAVANCORE, alt. 3500 ft., Beddome. . émet but not ++ straggling shrub. Leaves 5-6 in.; nerves 10-12 pairs, distinct bu e thick, reticulations minute but distinct; petiole about } in. ; stipules linear-lanceolate, about 1 in. Male Jl. scattered, sessile; sepals 4 or 5; anther 1, filament short. Gall and fem, Jl. subsessile, sepals of both 4 or 5; ovary of the gall elongate-ovate, and Style short; uchene of fem. ovate, with a long style and bifid stigma.— The single »Pecimen of this at Kew is the only one I have seen; it approaches F, Beddomei, but differently shaped leaves and much smaller receptacles. 18. F. xyloph . branchlets thick pale scurfy . ylla, Wall. Cat. 4558; bra : When very young, other parts quite glabrous except the stipules and recep- ular bracts, leaves large very coriaceous broadly elliptic or oblong to *"Iptic-obovate, narrowed to the strongly 3-nerved base, apex broad rounded, 501 cxxxvi. URTICACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Ficus G. King. i i i litary margins entire revolute when dry, receptacles in axillary pairs or solit sessile cylindro-conical base truncate, apex umbonate, ripe smooth brighe red with faint white spots 15-2 in. long by 1 broad at base, Aca Mig. spreading broadly triangular pubescent. King Fic. 29, BT. Flan ie Ann. iii, 286. Urostigma xylophyllum, Mig. in L. J. D. vi. ; . 352, t. 23. PERAK, PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich, &e.—DISTRIB. Sumatra. es about A powerful epiphyte or small tree. Leaves 6-10 by 3-43 t S boat 1-1) in. 5 pairs, prominent below, reticulations inconspicuous ; petiole stou ?beocent, or with stipules 14 in., coriaceous, broadly ovate, acute, shortly reddish pube ton de of the broad smooth margins. Male fl. numerous, scattered over the whole in or ile or receptacle, pedicelled ; sepals 4; anther 1, elongate, sessile. Gall fe e minutely pedicelled ; sepals 5 ; ovary smooth ; style elongate. Fem. JL. sessile ; ac tubercled; perianth degenerate into cellular tissue. s lous, ulti- 19. F. altissima, Blume Bijd. 444; young parts puberulous, mately all glabrous except the external surface of the stipules, hotly coriaceous petioled broadly ovate-elliptic rarely ovate-lanceo "lo slightly obtusely cuspidate entire, base rounded rarely narrowed occasiona Y^ g aits unequal never cordate 3-5-nerved, receptacles sessile axillary ia Pith, enveloped when young in early deciduous calyptriform bracts ovo obtuse ripe 2-1 in. long lake-red or yellowish, basal bracts 3 short BL 82 82" ; united at the base pubescent or puberulous. King Fic, 30, t. 30, Fi Tad iii. Mig. Ann. ii. 285; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 449. F. laccifera, Roxb. Rodd. For. 545 ; Wight Ic. t. 656; Brand. For. Fl. 418 ; Kurz l. c. 441 ; T "omini, Man. 223; Wall. Cat. 4559 F, 4560 (in part). Urostigma altiss s Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 90 and 96; Flor. i.iì. 349. U. lacciferum, Mig. ™ L. J. B. vi. 575. : hills TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal to Bhotan, and in the plains and id and of the DECCAN PENINSULA, and from Assam to Burma, the Malay Peni , the Andaman Islands, CEYLON common.—DistrIB. Malay Islands. erves 5 or 6 A large spreading tree, with few aerial roots. Leaves 4-7 in.; Plate greyish pairs, distinct; petiole 1—14 in. ; stipules 1-12 in., very coriaceous, lance? dicell pubescent. Male fl. scattered all over the interior of the receptac polos deeply sepals 4; anther subsessile. Gall and fem. fl. with a similar gamop E rcled ; style 4-cleft perianth ; ovary of the gall fl. smooth, of the fem. minutely tu MC mach in both elongate; gall fl. sometimes pedicelled; fem. usually sessile.— t altissima, consideration, I cannot but regard F. laccifera, Roxb., as a northern form o best distinguished by its larger, thinner leaves. 9-12 pairs Var. Fergussoni; leaves narrower often narrowed at the base, DONI med after closer, receptacles smaller subglobose.— Ceylon, Thwaites (C.P. 2221).— peculiar to my friend, Mr. W. Fergusson, F.L.S., an indefatigable botanist. Jt is p Ceylon, and, as Dr. Trimen informs me, certainly indigenous. » nales 20. F. Lowii, King Fic. 32, t. 33, 82"; young branches and M p^ covered with a deciduous brown scurf, ultimately all parts glabrous M idate, very coriaceous oblong or elliptic rather suddenly and shortly ^ tly margins thickened strongly revolute, base rounded or tapering ^ 2 rowded the petiole strongly 3-nerved, midrib very prominent, receptacies a, apical sessile in axillary pairs globose with a broad flat apical mam al practs 3 bracts 3 flat, ripe about 3 in. diam. yellow with purplish spots, basa! PF! rather small broad coriaceous. PERAK, Wray, Kunstler. inent, reti- A powerful clanber. Leaves 6-8 in. ; nerves about 6 pairs, not prominent ut, culations obscure; beneath dull whitish, above smooth rather dull; pe Ficus, G. King.] oxxxvi. urticacez. (J. D. Hooker.) 505 1-1} in. ; stipules 3-1 in., ovate, acuminate, convolute. Male fl. over whole interior of the receptacle, pedicels thick, sepals 4; anther 1, sessile, elongate. Gall ft. pedicelled or sessile ; sepals 5, distinct ; ovary smooth ; style elongate, lateral ; stigma elongate, flat, bilobed. Fem. fl. sessile, globose, tubercled ; style long; stigma clavate; perianth degenerating into a glairy cellular mass.—A remarkable and very distinct species. The leaves are very pale when dry. 21. F. consociata, Blume Bijd. 447; young parts especially the leaves beneath basal bracts and stipules densely covered with reddish-brown flocculent deciduous tomentum, otherwise glabrous, leaves coriaceous nar- rowly elliptic or oblanceolate (broadly subobovate-elliptic in var. Murtoni) with a rather short obtuse cusp entire, base narrowed 3-nerved, recep- tacles crowded near the apices of the branches axillary sessile depressed- spheroidal young flocculent ripe glabrous about 1-3 in. diam., apical bracts flat shining, basal 3 broadly ovate keeled sometimes bifid. King Fic. 38, t. 96,37, 82*. Urostigma consociatum, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 91, and Flor. |. n. 9337; Suppl. 177, 437 ; Ann. iii. 286. . Maracoa, (var. Murtoni) Griffith (Kew Distrib. 593). PERAK, (var. Murtoni) King’s Collector.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Java. . _A large tree with aerial roots (Miquel). Leaves 3-7 by 11-24 in. ; nerves 5-8 pairs, distinct, not very prominent; petiole 3-1} in., stipules 1-143 in., membranous, ovate-lanceolate, at first densely tomentose, ultimately glabrous, caducous. Male ft. numerous, scattered over the whole surface of the receptacle, pedicelled ; sepals 2, Concave; anther single, sessile. Gall and fem. fi. similar, sessile, sepals 5. Gall achene ovoid-reniform; fem. achene broadly ovoid, tubercled.—The perianth degene- rates into gelatinous tissue. 24. AR. Murtoni ; all parts larger less flocculent, leaves subovately elliptic to ovate Obtuse base rounded or cordate, receptacles 3 in. diam.—Malacca and Perak.—Inter- mediate between Javan F. procera, Bl., and consociata, approaching the former in the More or less ovate leaves, large receptacles, and smooth coriaceous basal bracts, and to consociata in the tomentum. 22. P. rigida, Mig. in Ann. Mus. iii. 280; perfectly glabrous, leaves petioled coriaceous lanceolate acuminate or broadly oblanceolate shortly and acutely cuspidate, margins entire recurved, base acute 3-nerved, receptacles Sessile in axillary pairs subglobose smooth + in. diam., basal bracts 3 large orbicular glabrous. King Fic. 35, t. 39, 82. Urostigma rigidum, Mig. i L. J. B. vi. 578. PENANG, Phillips. Perak, Kunstler. . Atree?, Leaves 51-61 in., dotted above ; nerves 3-4 pairs, 1 . reticulations fine ; petiole 3 in., stout; stipules coriaceous, ovate-acuminate, § d. ale fl. numerous, scattered, pedicelled, clavate when unexpanded; sepals 2, ls 8. Concave ; anther sagittate, filament short. Gall fl. sessile or pedicelled; sepa at : style short ; achene ellipsoid. Fem. fl.sessile; sepals 4 or 5, narrow; style elonge e5 achene tubercled.—There are only two specimens of this at Kew, both with immature receptacles, 25. P. Hookeri, Mig. Ann. iii. 215, 286; glabrous, leaves thinly coriaceous iong-petioled bedadiy elliptic or subobovate with a short broad e>tuse cusp entire, base rounded or slightly narrowed 3-nerved, receptac ei 12 axillary pairs sessile obovoid depressed ripe 1] in. diam., large basal racts united in an entire cartilaginous cup which envelopes the lower thir 9 us ripe receptacle. King Fic. 36, t. 42, 827°. IKKIM H lt. 1-6000 ft. ; not common. tree, Leaves BAL dne MAI E 8 pairs not very prominent; under surface pale; stipules 14-34 in., linear-lanceolate, flaccid, caducous. Male fi. numerous, prominent beneath, 506 CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J. D. Hooker) [Ficus, G. King. scattered, with no proper perianth ; stamen single, filament long and embraced by the anceolate bracteoles. Gall and fem. fl. alike, except as regards the contents of the ovary ; sepals 4 or 5, linear-lanceolate ; achenes very dark brown; style rather short, thick.— At once distinguished by the cup formed by the united basal bracts. 24. F. glaberrima, Blume Bijd. 451; glabrous, branchlets and leaves beneath puberulous, leaves subcoriaceous shining above elliptic oblong ot ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire, base acute or narrowed rarely rounded 2- nerved, receptacles peduncled in axillary pairs subverrucose when young globose smooth, ripe 2 in. diam. orange-coloured, basal bracts 3 broad minute pubescent deciduous, peduncle 1-1 in. King Fic. 37, t. 43,827?; Mig. Ann, li. 286. F. angustifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 554. P F. bistipulata, Grif. Notut. iv. 398; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 559, f. 1. F. Thomsoni, Mig. in Ann. l. c. 215, 286; Kurz For. Flor. ii. 443. F. fraterna, Mig. Ann. l.c. 217, 287. F. aurantiaca, Wall. Cat. 4565 (not Griff). Urostigma glaberrimum, Mig. F l. Ind. Bat. 1. ii. 940. TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, Duthie, to Bhotan. Burma and the AN- DAMAN IsLanps.—DistTRIB. Malay Islands. A tall tree. Leaves 5-8 in. ; nerves 8-10 pairs, nearly horizontal, not very pro- minent; petiole 3-1i in., slender; stipules glabrous, linear-lanceolate, fugac oup i-iin. Male fl. few, only near the mouth of the receptacles, subsessile; sepa “tly lanceolate ; stamen 1, anther broad, filament short. Gall fl. sessile or shortly stoutly pedicelled; perianth 4.cleft. Fem. fl. when ripe with viscid achenes and no perianth.—The receptacles are often attacked by an insect, and become three or ied times their normal size. The leaves of some individuals retain their hairs muc longer than others, but all ultimately become glabrous. There are two distinc forms cf the leaf-base ; broad and rounded in Chittagong specimens, much narrow at the base in Sikkim and Khasian ones. 25. F. microstoma, Wall. Cat. 4560 ; glabrous, leaves cori petioled elliptic-ovate to -obovate shortly abruptly and obtusely cusp! » occasionally rounded obtuse and non-cuspidate entire, base narrow s 3-nerved, receptacles sessile in axillary pairs pisiform dotted gla free prominently umbonate, apex perforated, basal bracts 3 broadly ovate tree. King Fic. 38, t. 44, 83°. SINGAPORE, Wallich. PERAK, Kunstler. tiole A tree. Leaves 3-6} in.; nerves 4-7 pairs, rather prominent beneath ; P acle 3-14 in., rather slender; stipules } in. Male fl. scattered over all parts of T ovary pedicelled ; sepals 2, broad, concave ; anther 1, elongate. Gall fl. with b oadly and hooked stigma ; perianth, as of female, of 4 lanceolate sepals; achene Dtacle ovate ; style not hooked — The scales, which usually close the mouth of the recepito are here partially united in a ring surrounding a comparatively wide opening very the receptacle. In the unripe receptacle this annulus is bright yellow an conspicuous. , 26. F. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. ii. 1514 (in part); glabrous except tho stipules, leaves coriaceous shortly petioled broadly to narrowly -nent acute or shortly caudate-acuminate entire, base narrowed with 2 prom. e and sometimes 2 small basal nerves, receptacles in crowded pairs, 8 and globose (ovoid or ellipsoid in var. Gelderi) smooth ripe yellowish-ret ing- about j in. diam., basal bracts 3 rather large ovate acute spre? or. King Fic. 39, t. 45, 83°; Mig. Ann. iii. 287 (excl. many syns.) i »ellucido- Fl.n.442. F.sundaica & rubescens, Blume Bijd. 450, 403. F. pe ifolia, punctata, Griff. Notul. iv. 394, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 544. F. ears Ham, in Wall. Cat. 4570 (C, D, and part of E). Urostigma rubes Ficus, G. King.] coxxxvr. urticacez, (J. D. Hooker.) 507 sundaicum, Mig. Flor. i. ii. 338, and 339 (in part) U. Tjiela, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 580 (excl. syn.), and Flor. l. c. 344 (excl. all syns. but sundaicum). P? U. pseudo-rubrum, Mig. Flor. l. c. 343. BURMA, PERAK, SINGAPORE and the ANDAMAN IsrANpDs, Wallich, &c.—DrIsTRIB. Malay Islands. _A large spreading tree. Leaves 4-7 in.; nerves about 4-6 pairs, not very pro- minent, reticulations distinct; both surfaces (but especially the upper) minutely tuberculate ; petiole 4-1 in. ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, }-$ in. Male fl. numerous, scattered ; pedicels long, thin; sepals about 2, concave; anther elongate, elliptic, sessile. Gall and fem. fl. alike; ovary ovoid or elliptic; style long, lateral ; stigma oblique, infundibuliform; achene tubercled and viscid; gall fl. sometimes pedicelled.— Linnzus quoted figures of several different plants for his F. indica, and the retention of that name for this species in particular is therefore quite arbitrary. It might be better to abandon the name. 27. F. acamptophylla, Mig. Ann. Mus. iii. 264, 287 ; branchlets thinly covered with rufous scurf tips pubescent, leaves thickly coriaceous glabrous subobovate oblong or elliptic shortly ohtusely cuspidate margin entire thickened subrevolute, base narrowed 3-nerved, receptacles numerous crowded in pairs towards the extremities of the branches turbinate apex much flattened, umbilical scales large smooth ripe yellow 1 in. diam., basal bracts 3 large ovate-rotund puberulous. King Fic. 40, t. 46, 83*. Urostigma acamptophyllum, Mig. Flor. Suppl. 439. Perax, Kunstler.—DrsTRIB. Banka. . A large tree, young epiphytal. .Leaves 24-4} in.; nerves 3-6 pairs, not much more prominent than the secondary, reticulations obscure; petiole $-$ in. ; stipules ovate, acute, silky pubescent, about } in. Male fl. scattered; pedicels long, thin; sepals 2 or 3, concave; anther elongate, sessile. Gall and fem. fl. similar; sepals 3, obtuse ; style elongate; stigma slightly infundibuliform ; achene tuberculate. 28. F. truncata, King; young parts and especially the leaves beneath thinly covered with brown deciduous powder and a few minute airs, ultimately all parts glabrous, leaves coriaceous crowded short-petioled obovate or cuneate-oblong top broad obtuse sometimes truncate entire, base much narrowed strongly 3-nerved, receptacles much crowded near the apices of the branches sessile in axillary pairs depressed-spheroidal reddish- yellow smooth 1— in. diam., apical scales broad flat shining surrounded by a ring, basal bracts 3 large free ovate-rotund. King Fic. 41, t. 48, 83°; Mig. Flor. i. ii. 336, and Ann. iii. 286. Urostigma truncatum, Mig. in Zoll. yst. 91, 97. PERAK, Kunstler.—DirsTRID. J ava, Borneo. . . A small tree. Leaves 21—4]in.; nerves about 5 pairs, very prominent beneath, as are the reticulations; petiole 1-4 in.; stipules lanceolate, about j in. Male fl. few, only near the apex of receptacle, sessile ; sepals 3, broad, longer than the single ovate, sagittate, subsessile anther. Gall and fem. fl. sessile ; sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate; ovary of galls ovoid-acuminate, with long straight terminal style; achene ovate-rotund, tubercled ; style subterminal, bent at right angles. .29. F. obtusifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 546 ; all parts glabrous, leaves thickly coriaceous short-petioled shining elliptic-oblong or -obovate, tip rounded obtuse or very slightly and obtusely apiculate, margins entire slightly undulate, base acute faintly 3-nerved, receptacles rather crowded m axillary pairs sessile chiefly at the scars of fallen leaves globose sub- "igonous apex depressed yellowish when ripe and dotted, basal bracts 3 coriaceous large rounded cordate. King Fic. 42, t. 49, 83€; Wight Ic. t. 662; 508 OXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J.'D, Hooker) [Ficus, G. King. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 443. F. longifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4570 A, B. Urostigma obtusifolium, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 569. Tropical forests of the base of the EASTERN HIMALAYA, from Sikkim to Munni- pore; ASSAM, CHITTAGONG, BURMA and PERAK. A large tree, young often epiphytal. Leaves 4-7 in.; nerves obscure, about 8-10 pairs, secondary nearly as prominent as the primary, reticulations obsolete; petiole 3-3 in., stout; stipules 3-1 in., lanceolate or ovate, acuminate. Male jl. scattered, very numerous, on long pedicels; sepals 3, lanceolate. Gall ft. pedicelled or sessile ; sepals about 4; ovary spherical, white; style subterminal, elongate. Fem. fl. sessile ; achene ovate-rotund, tubercled and viscid; style lateral, as long as the achene, stigma infundibuliform. 30. F. Benjamina, Linn. Mantiss. 129 (excl. syn. Rheede); all parts glabrous, leaves petioled thinly coriaceous shining more or less broadly ovate-elliptic abruptly shortly acuminate entire, base rounded or subacute, receptacles sessile in axillary pairs globose or ovoid smooth and blood-red when ripe about. 4 in. diam. with 3 short broad rounded basal bracts or (var. comosa) globose narrowed at the base and about $ in. diam. King Fic. 43, t. 52, 83^; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 446; Bedd. For. Man. 993. F. nuda, Mig. Ann. iii. 288; Kurz l. c. 445. F.comosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. t. 125, and Fl. Ind. iii. 552; Bedd. l.c. 223; Wight Ic.t. 658. F.pendula, Link. Enum. ii. 450. PF. striata, Roth Nov. Sp. 387. F. papyrifera, Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 554. F. dictyophylla, Wall. Cat. 4502 A, B, D. F. hzmatocarpa & neglecta, Blume, fid. Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. ii. 494, 495. Urostigma Benjamina, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 583, and Flor. l.c. 346; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 242. U. nudum, Mig. in L. J. B. l. c. 584. Cultivated in the MALAY PENINSULA, wild (var. comosa only) in the base of the EASTERN HIMALAYA, Assam, CHITTAGONG, Burma, the ANDAMAN ISLANDS and the DECCAN PENINSULA.—DisTRIB. Sumatra, Celebes, Timor. : An umbrageous tree, branches drooping ; nerves very numerous, close, straight, anastomosing just inside the margin ; petiole 4—1 in. ; stipules lanceolate, about jm. Male fl. very few, scattered, pedicelled ; sepals 2, large, flat; anther subsessile. Gall fl. mostly pedicelled; sepals 3 or 4, long, spathulate ; ovary ovoid, smooth, Fem. ji. sessile; sepals shortly spathulate; achene ovoid-reniform, longer than the style, stigma large, Van. comosa, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 446; fruit large globose narrowed at the base about $ in. diam. when ripe, sepals of all the flowers lanceolate-acuminate not spathulate. F. comosa, Roxb., &c.—I have seen wild ‘specimens only from Timor, Celebes and Sumatra. Beddome and Dalzell mention it as in the Western Peninsula, but I have seen no specimens. 9l. F. elastica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 65, and Fl. Ind. iii. 541; all parts quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled coriaceous shining oblong to elliptic rather abruptly obtusely caudate entire, base rounded or narrowed obscurely 3-5-nerved, receptacles in pairs sessile in the axils of fallen leaves covered at first by hooded involucres which fall off and leave a basal involucra entire-edged cup when ripe ovate-oblong smooth greenish yellow about zim long. King Fie. t. 45, 54; Blume Bijd. 446; Wight Ie. 663; Griff. Ic. Pl As. t. 552; Brand. For, Flor. 417; Kurz For. Flor. ii. 444. Urostigma elasticum, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 578, and Flor. i. ii. 347, t. 23; Wall. Cat. 4557 A, B, C, D. U. circumscissum, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 292; Flor. l. ¢. ve Karet, Mig. le. 348. U. odoratum, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 49; Flor. l. c. M^ Gasp. M 83, pe astica, Gasp. Nov. Gen. Fic. 9. Macrophthalma elastic» Ficus, G. King.) cxxxvi. URTICACEE, (J. D. Hooker.) 509 In damp forests at the base of the SIKKIM HIMALAYA eastwards; the KHASIA Hiris, Assam, BURMA and PERAK.—DIsTRIB. Malayan Archipelago. A large tree, usually epiphytic. Leaves 3-12 in.; primary and secondary nerves numerous, hardly distinguished from one another, all nearly horizontal; midrib thick, prominent and running nearly straight almost to the margin; petiole 1-21 in. ; stipule single, subpersistent, coloured, almost half as long as the leaves, lanceolate, flaccid. Male fl. scattered over interior of receptacle, pedicelled ; sepals 4, ovate; anther ovate, sessile. Gall fl.; sepals 4; ovary smooth; style subterminal, hooked. Fem. ft. mostly sessile; achene ovoid, tubercled; style long; stigma large, sub. capitate. This species, though it has received many names, is not very variable. The greatest difference.is, that the leaves of old fruiting-branches are very much smaller and broader in proportion than those on young shoots. In all states the close parallel straight nervation of the leaves (almost resembling that of a monocotyledon) and the enor- mous “ stipules ” form unmistakable diagnostic marks. 32. P. Trimeni, King in Trimen Journ. Bot. xxii. 242; all parts glabrous, leaves coriaceous elliptic acute entire, base slightly tapering obscurely d-nerved, receptacles sessile in axillary pairs globose slightly verrucose when ripe 1-j in. diam, basal bracts 3 small spreading ovate- cordate slightly pubescent. Urostigma Tjiela, Thwaites Enum. 265 in part, The Deccan PENINSULA and CENTRAL Provinces of INDIA. CEYLON; Central Province, Thwaites. . 2. A gigantic tree, with very few aerial roots. Leaves 3—44 in. ; nerves diverging at alow angle from the thick prominent midrib, very numerous, close, straight, anasto- mosing just within the slightly thickened revolute margin; petiole about iin. stout ; stipules ovate, acuminate, j-$ in. Male fl. scattered, peduncled ; sepals 3, broadly 9vate; anther sessile. Gall jl. pedicelled ; fem. fl. sessile ; sepals of both 5, lanceo- late; achenes similar; style of both elongate; stigma flattened, especially in the gall flower.—A pproaches Tsiela, Roxb., and retusa, L., var. nitida, but differs by its more numerous straight primary nerves, much more spreading habit, and fewer aerial roots, 33. F. dubia, Wall. Cat. 4561; all parts glabrous, leaves petioled thickly coriaceous shining from broadly oblanceolate to elliptic acute entire, base narrowed 3-nerved, receptacles peduncled solitary axillary ovoid-globose slightly narrowed to the peduncle smooth dull red with yellowish spots when ripe 1-12 in. diam., peduncle thick } in. with basal bracts 3 short broad rounded. King Fic. 46, t. 56, 83*. Prnana, Wallich; Matacca, King.—DiISTRIB. Sumatra. . , ^n epiphytal climber or small umbrageous tree. Leaves 4-5 in. ; nerves 6-8 pars, reticulations minute but distinct; petiole about $ in., rather stout ; stipules near-lanceolate, flaccid, caducous, 11-24 in. Male fl. numerous, scattered, elongate ; Sepals 3, elongate-spathulate; stamen 1, filament long. Gall fl. ; sepals of the male; Ovary ovoid, pedicel as long as the perianth; style short, subterminal. Fem, f Sessile ; sepals 3, long, lanceolate, acuminate; style longer than the smooth-ovoi &chene.—The flowers are mixed with numerous linear bracteoles. 34 F. XLurzii, King Fic. 47, t. 57, 83t; all parts glabrous, leaves Petioled thinly coriaceous ovate-elliptic or elliptic upper surface minutely tubercled shortly acuminate entire, base narrowed obscurely 3-nerved, Teceptacles axillary peduncled (in pairs P) globose when ripe about 3 in. am. dark purple and apparently tubercled, apical scales prominent, racts at base of receptacle 0 but ati base of the peduncle 3 minute glabrous caducous, F, nuda, Miq., var. macrocarpa, Kurz For. Flor. ii. 446. PF. euphylla, Kurz 2. c, 445. 510 OXXxvI. uRTICACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) (Ficus, G. King. Burma, Kurz.—DisTRIB. Java (Zollinger, Herb. 2228). A tree. Leaves 4 in.; nerves 10-14 pairs, obsolete above, distinct beneath, diverging from the midrib at a high angle, secondary almost as prominent as the primary and more numerous; petiole about $ in.; stipules lanceolate, glabrous, i in. Male fl. few, only near the mouth of the receptacle, on thick pedicels ; sepals 2, broad, ovate, hyaline; anther single, ovate-rotund, sessile. Gall fl. pedicelled ; perianth 4-toothed ; ovary ovate, with broad ends, smooth; style elongate, stigma flat. Fem. fl. sessile; achene ovate-reniform, minutely tubercled. 35. F. rhododendrifolia, Mig. Ann. iii. 286; quite glabrous except the stipules, leaves thinly coriaceous shining smooth elongate-elliptic or oblong rarely elliptic-ovate acuminate entire, base narrowed or subcun eate rarely rounded, receptacles in axillary pairs sessile smooth globose purplish- red when ripe about 4 in. diam., basal bracts 3 broad rounded glabrous rsistent. King Fic. 47, t. 58, 83". Urostigma rhododendrifolium, Mig. în . J. B. vi. 979 (not of others); Kurz For. Fl. ii. 445. At the base of the Sikkim and Booran HIMALAYA; the Kaasra and PrzaU Hir. A tree. Leaves 4-5 in. ; main nerves slightly more prominent than the secondary, from 12-14 pairs, anastomosing near the margin; petiole 3-2 in.; stipules lanceolate, iin. deciduously pubescent. Male fl. few, only near the mouth of the receptacle, sessile; sepals 2, broadly ovate, flat, longer thau the stamen ; anther ovate, apiculate, filament very short. Gall fl. shortly pedicelled, perianth with 3 sharp teeth; ovary globose ; style elongate; stigma flat. Fem. fl. sessile; sepals 3, lanceolate ; achene triangular, prominently but minutely tubercled ; style elongate; stigma small. —A species badly represented in herbaria, and not well understood. Kurz is, I believe, in error in giving the Andaman Islands as a habitat. 36. F. caudiculata, Trimen in Journ. Bot. xxiii. 243; all paris glabrous, leaves petioled thickly membranous narrowly elliptic shortly cuspidate margins entire when dry subrevolute, base broad rounded or sub- truncate, receptacles shortly peduncled axillary solitary or in pairs globose smooth bright red when ripe about } in. diam., basal bracts 3 broad obtuse united in a shallow cup, peduncle 4 in. King Fic. 48, t. 58 A. CEYLON; in the Western Province, at Paregodde and Padun Korle. | 1 A large tree. Leaves 24-3} in.; lateral nerves about 12 pairs, prominent, anie at right angles to the strong broad midrib, reticulations dark-coloured, small, te very distinct beneath; petiole stout, about À in.; stipules ovate, much acumina " about 1 in., membranous, rather persistent. Male fl. few, scattered, sessile; Sep? t 3, lanceolate, scarcely covering the single stamen; anther ovate, apiculate, ee short broad. Gall and fem. fl. similar, sessile or pedicelled; perianth 4-5-cleft ; ovary ovoid ; style elongate when young, short when ripe from breaking off. The affinities are with F. nemoralis, Wall., from which the thicker an elliptic leaves, and larger stipules and receptacles distinguish it. more 37. F. pisocarpa, Blume Bijd. 454; glabrous except the stipules, leaves crowded at the extremities of the branches membranous elliptic rare y subobovate-elliptic very shortly cuspidate margin entire undulate, base 3-nerved obtuse rounded or very slightly narrowed, receptacles crow e along the branches in pairs fróm the scars of fallen leaves sessile Sm? turbinate-globose smooth 1 in. diam., basal bracts 3 broad obtuse. mg Fic. 48, t. 09, 83". Urostigma pisocarpum, Mig. Flor. i. ii. 344. PERAK, Kunstler.—Distr1B. Java. + ang fine _ A small tree. Leaves 13-24 in.; nerves 5-7 pairs, prominent, reticulations ^ distinct; petiole slender, 4-2 in.; stipules ovate-lanceolate, pubescent externa: iin. Male fl. few, only near the mouth of the receptacles, sessile ; sepals 2, broa Ficus, G. Kíng.] cxxxvi. urticacem. (J. D. Hooker.) 511 ovate, longer than the stamen, anther ovate, filament short. Gall and fem. fi. alike; sepals 1 or 2, hyaline or 0; achene elongate-ovoid, smooth ; style elongate, stigma cylindric.—I have not seen the specimens from Java on which Blume founded the species, but Kunstler's plant agrees well with the description. 38. F. glabella, Blume Bijd. 452; young parts pubescent or all glabrous, leaves petioled thinly coriaceous obovate-oblong or oblanceolate (except in vars.) shortly cuspidate entire, base 3-nerved acute or cuneate rarely rounded jointed to the petiole, receptacles rather crowded in axillary pairs from the scars of fallen leaves sessile or peduncle 44-1 in. spheroidal apex often slightly depressed smooth dark-bluish purple with sometimes yellow dots 3-4 in. diam., basal bracts minute broadly triangular. King Fic. 49, t. 60, 83°; Mig. Ann. ii. 286. F. parvifolia, Miq. l. c. F. affinis, Wall. Cat. 4524; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 444. F. subpedunculata, Mig. I. c. 217, 286. F. Wightiana, Benth. FI. Hongk. 327. Urostigma glabellum & Mo- nitzianum, Mig. Flor. i. ii. 340 and 3492. U. canaliculatum & parvifolium, Mig. in L. J. B. vi. 579, and Flor. l. c. 340, 343. EASTERN HIMALAYAS, the KrasrA MTs., CHITTAGONG and BURMA. . . , Atree. Leaves 2—4 in. ; nerves 7-10 pairs, not very prominent, reticulations dis- tinct ; petiole $-lin.; stipules ovate-lanceolate, } in. Male fl. few, only near mouth of receptacle, sessile; sepals 2, ovate, hyaline, larger than the single subsessile anther. Gall and Jem. fl. ali i ke, sessile or shortly pedicelled ; sepals 4, hyaliue, free or O; achene spherical or ovoid, smooth ; style very long, stigma obovate.—The following 15 one variety, and there are others in the Malay Islands, &c. F. arrinis, Wall. Cat. 4524 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate shining, base narrowed, nerves up to 12 pairs, receptacles peduncled. Herd. Griff. (Kew Distrib. 4989, 4590); Herd. H. f. &. T. Ficus, 113. 39. T. retusa, Linn. Mant. 129; quite glabrous, leaves shortly Petioled coriaceous broadly ovate obovate or rhomboid obtusely cuspidate or subacute, base 3-nerved narrowed into the petiole, receptacles small sessile m axillary pairs 3 in. diam. yellow or reddish, basal bracts broadly ovate obtuse spreading persistent. King Fic. 50, t. 61, 62,84»; Brand. For. Fl. 7; Kurz For, FI. ii. 444; Bedd. For. Man.923. F.dilatata, Mig. Ann. i. 18, 288. F. nitida, Thunb. Fic, 14; Blume Bijd. 455; Wight Ie. t. 642. F. rubra, Roth Nov. Sp. 391 (excl. syn.). F. littoralis, Blume l. c. 455. F. mi- crocarpa, Linn. f. Suppl. 442. F. Benjamina, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 1143 (excl. uc Lin.) Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 550. Urostigma retusum & nitidum, Mig. l lor. i. ij, 345; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 241, 242. U. microcarpum, Miq. F. Cunia, Ham. in Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 561 ; leaves alternate ellip- Ue to oblong-lanceolate inequilateral acuminate entire or serrate, above Scabrid or smooth, beneath more or less pubescent, base semisagittate, nerves 9-14 pairs, recepts in pairs or clusters on scaly usually leafless branches globose or pyriform hispid. Wight Ic. t. 648; Mig. Ann, iii. 282, 296; Brand. For. Fl. 421; Kurz For. Fl. ii, 461; Bedd. For. Man. 453] Conglomerata, Roxb. 1. c. 559; Wight Ic. t. 669 5 Walt. Cat. 331, Covellia Cunia, conglomerata & inæquiloba, Miq. in L. J. B. vu. 459. th Sv B-HIMALAYAN Forests, from the Chenab to Bhotan ; CENTRAL INDIA, ASSAM, € KHAsra Mrs., CurrrAGoNG and Burma ; ascending to 4000 ft. d: petiol À low tree, Leaves 4-1 in., larger basal lobe 3—4-, smaller l-nerve l; petiole a m., scabrid ; stipules 3—1] in., linear-lanceolate, puberulous. Recepts jn iam., Gu red-brown ; basal bracts 3; peduncle short. Male sepals 3; ant ler ovate. sa and fem. sepals about 4, lanceolate, united below ; gall ovary glo ose, sm o 3 M le Very short, latera], Achene broadly ovoid, emarginate on one side, tuberculate, ? style very long, lateral; stigma large, bifid. 3. F. Prostrata, Wail. Cat. 4536; glabrous, leaves alternate oblan- ceolate-oblon l : : bout 10 pairs, receptacles sub- : - e, nerves abou pairs, rece : Pytiform on long fexuons nearly simple leafless branches solitary in the 524. CXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. axils of scarious bracts glabrous. Mig. Anan. iii. 297. Covellia prostrata, Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 465. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 2000 ft., Kurz. SILHET and the Kmasra HILIS, Wallich, &e. . A small tree. Leaves 54-7 in., tapering from above the middle to the rather obtuse 3-5-nerved base; petiole } in.; stipules $ in., narrow, convolute. Fruiting branches 10-12 ft., prostrate. Recepts with 3 ovate acuminate basal bracts, pedun- cle jin. Fem. fl. sessile or pedicelled ; sepals 3—4, linear; achene broadly ovoid; style about as long, stigma cylindric.— Male and gall fl. unknown.— Closely allied to F. Ribes, Reinwdt., but distinguished by its larger size, absence of hairs and larger receptacles; intermediates, however, occur. 74. F. Miquelii, King; shoots strigose, leaves subopposite and alter- nate obovate-oblong or oblanceolate cuspidately tailed entire subglabrous, nerves 6-8 pairs, recepts depressed globose in woody panicles from the stem ubescent. F. caulocarpa, Mig. Ann. iii. 285, 297 (not Urost. caulocarpa). . fistulosa, Kurz For, Fl. ii. 459 (in part, not of Reinwdt.). PEGU to TENASSERIM, Kurz PERAK, Kunstler. SINGAPORE, King.—DISTRIB. Sumatra, Celebes, A tree. Leaves 44-8 in., membranous, pubescent above and beneath when young, adult almost glabrous, tail 1 in., base narrowed 3-nerved; petiole j-à in.; stipules i in. lanceolate, pubescent. Fruiting branches cauline, large, much panicled, sour A Recepts 3 in. diam., ripe greenish with pale stripes ; oral bracts many broad, basa : ovate acute; peduncle 4 in. Male sepals 3, ovate, inflated, broadly imbricate, ; anther broadly ovate, emarginate. Gall and fem. fl. naked. Gall ovary ovo! L globose; style short, lateral, stigma tubular. Achene obovoid, tubercled ; style lateral, as long as the ovary, stigma cylindric. 75. F. fasciculata, King; shoots purplish-strigose, leaves alternate short-petioled narrowly or obovate-elliptic cuspidate subcrenate glabrovs above tuberculate beneath with 4-5 pairs of appressed hairy nerves, recep fascicled on cauline tubercles peduncled subglobose ridged glabrous. PERAK ; banks of the Kampo River, Kunstler. . ‘vid A small tree. Leaves 7-9, minutely 3-nerved, base acute; petiole 3 in., hispo with purplish hairs; stipules 1 in., lanceolate, hispid. Recepts 5-8 in a cluster, russet-brown; basal bracts 3, minute, ovate; peduncle }in., pubescent. Fem. lv pedicelled ; perianth tubular, girding the lower half of the stipes of the oblique Y ovoid tubercled achene; style subterminal, filiform, about as long as the ova » stigma clavate.— Male and gall fl. not seen. 76. F. Ribes, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 463; shoots strigose, leaves alternate petioled glabrous except the appressed pubescent midrib ane nerves beneath lanceolate or oblanceolate subfalcate caudate entire, nerve 7-9 pairs, recepts on long leafless branches from the base of the stem very small peduncled subglobose constricted at the base ribbed puberulovs. Mig. Ann. iii. 284, 297; Kurz For, Fl. ii. 458. F. polycarpa, Roxb. F. Ind, iii. 556; Wall. Cat. 4509. F. copiosa, Steud. Nomencl. 1. 635. 395. prostrata, Wall. Cat. 4536 (in part). Covellia Ribes, Mig. Flor. 1. 1. nd s microcarpa & paniculata, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 466, t. 9 A, a 7. TENASSERIM to PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c.—DistRiB. Malay Islands, New Guinea. :ddle to A small tree. Leaves 23-44 in., membranous, narrowed from below the mol . the acute sub-3-nerved base; petiole 4 in., strigose; stipules $ 1n. pose Recepts } in. diam., young warted, mouth closed by 5 broad bracts, base cons fated ; into a 3-bracteate stipes 4'; in. long; peduncle } in. Male sepals 2, large, ? Ficus, G. King.] CXXXVI. URTICACEAE. (J. D. Hooker.) 525: anther subsessile, very broad. Gall ovary naked, broadly obliquely obovoid; style terminal, thick. Fem. perianth tubular, covering the pedicel of the rhomboid tubercled achene ; style much longer, stigma cylindric or clavate. 77. F. fistulosa, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 470; nodes of shoots stri- gose, leaves opposite and alternate oblong to ovate- or obovate-lanceolate acute entire or subserrate, nerves 4-7 pairs, recepts axillary and short- peduncled or rameal or cauline and clustered depressed-globose glabrous. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 459 (in part). F. geminifolia, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. 93; Flor, 318. F. tengerensis, Mig. Ann. 11. 296. F.diphylla, Wall. Cat. 4543. Covellia subopposita, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 66; Flor. i. ii. 327, and Suppl. 435, and Ohoix Pj, Buitenz., t. 15. C. tuberculata, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. 94, 99, and Flor, l. c, 395, Knasra Hits, J. D. H., &. CHITTAGONG to PENANG, PERAK and SINGAPORE. —DisTRIB. Malay Islands. . A shrub or small tree. Leaves 33-10 in., granulate beneath with coloured nerves ; petiole 3-13 in. ; stipules }-3 in., scarious. Recepts 4-1 in. diam., sometimes con- stricted at base, warted and subpyriform when young; oral bracts many; basal 3, small, acute ; peduncle 1-1} in. "Male jl. few ; sepals 2-8, concave. Gall and fem. Jl. naked or perianth small round the base of the pedicel of the ovary. Gall ovary ovoid, smooth ; Style short, subterminal, stigma funnel-shaped. Fem. fl. as a rule in the axillary short-peduncled recepts. Achene obliquely obovoid, granulate; style ‘eral, long, stigma cylindric. 78. F. lepicarpa, Blume Bijd. 459; nodes swollen at first pubescent, leaves subopposite and alternate obovate-oblong cuspidate glabrous except e midrib and nerves, base narrowed unequal 5-nerved, nerves 7-8 pairs pect, recepta subsolitary axillary sessile ellipsoid sparsely hairy warted, sit» in a ring below the umbilicus large flat tips white. Mig. Ann. iii 283, 297. F . volkhameriæfolia, Wall. Cat. 4542. F. inclinata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4486 A. Covellia didynama, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 65; Flor. i. ii. C lepidicarpa, Mig. Flor. 328. C.volkhameriefolia, Mig. in L.J. B. ,t.8. pax, Kunstler, Stnearorg, Wallich; in rocks and by streams, up to 3500 ft. CUISTRIB, Malay I lands. . . A small tree. Leaves 7-10 in., sometimes subrepand near the tip; petiole t in. ; stipules 3-1 in., large. Receptacles usually solitary ; basal bracts 3, ovate, reading. Male sepals 8, inflated; filament adnate short curved, Ga anth * pellueid Sack enclosing the ovary, style terminal, stigma dilated. Fem. perian en tubular, toothed; achene obliquely obovoid; style lateral, long. ee D ddric.— Miquel describes the recepts as sometimes long-peduncled and cauline, bu ave not seen them so. 79. P. ob ; first tomentose, leaves elliptic ' ^*Obpyramidata, King; shoots at first to ) ovate or subobowate acute margins subentire undulate, nerves 6 pairs, Tecepts 1n small clusters from leafless cauline branches peduncled obpyra- Tidal ridged warted puberulous. "ma tree, 25-30 fe Doom er in., base 7-nerved rounded or cordate, abo ve fae hair nerves and midrib beneath pubescent ; petiole jin. tome ; Stipa er i of the a 2/5 lin. diam., umbilicus depressed. Fem. perianth a ring bterminal © stipes of the ovary; achene ovoid, granulate, viscid; style long, subterminal, sti ; . gua cylindric or subclavate. Sect. VI. Evusyce (see p. 496). 80. P, Thw 7 Mus. iii. 229, 294; leaves polymor- Phous, cauline epe p. Be on S-lobed and subhastate obtuse scabrid 526 cxxxvi. URrICACE E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. above pubescent beneath, those on fruiting branches twice as large elliptic or obovate entire, recepts subsolitary axillary globose smooth. F. diversi- formis, Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 441; Ann. l.c. 281, 294, and F. disticha, Thwaites Enum. 266. F. oxycoccoides, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 438. F. stipulata, Moon Cat. 6. CeYroN ; Central Province, ascending to 5000 ft. . A slender climbing rooting shrub, with free fruiting branches. Leaves i in., base 8-nerved notched or cordate; petiole 1 in.; stipules a little longer, ovate. Recepts } in. diam., base contracted into a 4; in. stipes with 3 broad basal bracts. Sepals of all fl. 3, short, broad; gall and fem. fl. similar. 81. F. excavata, King; shoots tawny-pubescent, leaves obliquely or orbicular-ovate obtuse entire glabrous above sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath, nerves 2 pairs, reticulations lacunose, recepts in axillary clusters sessile depressed-globose pubescent. PERAK, King’s Collector.—Distr1B. Borneo. Scandent. Leaves 14-1} in.; base subequal, 5-nerved ; petiole 4 in., pubescent ; stipules in pairs, } in., ovate, acuminate, silky, deciduous. Recepts in clusters of about 6, unripe orange-red (ripe unknown) ; basal bracts 3, triangular-ovate, glabrous. Fem. fl. subsessile; sepals 4; achene oblong, subpapillose, style short, subterminal.— Allied to F. recurva and lanata, Blume. f 82. F. leevis, Blume Bijd. 437 ; usually glabrous, leaves membranous long-petioled orbicular or broadly or elliptic-ovate cuspidate entire or obscurely toothed towards the tip, nerves 3-4 pairs above the basal, recepts axillary peduncled subsolitary globose rarely pyriform. Mig. Ann. iii. 278, 293. F. vagans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 537. F. Emodi, Wall. Cat. 4515. ? F. pedicellata, Wall. Cat. 4486 (in part). F. ceylanica, Miq. Ann. l. c. 298; and in L. J. B. l. c. 75. Pogonotrophe levis, Mig. Flor. i. ii. 330. P. assamica, Mig. in L. J. B. 73. P. dasyphylla, Mig. l. c. 74, and Ann. l. c. TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards, alt. 2-5000 ft.; and from AssaM to the MALAY PENINSULA and CryLton.—Disrris. Malay Islands. A small tree or epiphyte. Leaves 4-7 in. glabrous above except the nerve» beneath puberulous or pubescent; base rounded to cordate rarely narrowed, ° nerved ; petiole 14—24 in. ; stipules 1—1 in. Recepts }-1 in. diam., ripe greenish-yellow, smooth, puberulous or tomentose, hispid within; basal bracts 3, small, spreading 5 peduncle slender, glabrous. Sepals of all fl. 5, linear-lanceolate ; anthers 2-3, elon- gate, subsagittate. Gall ovary globose, smooth; style short, subterminal, stigma dilated. Achene ellipsoid, style terminal, nearly as long, stigma bifid.—The follow- ing are the prominent forms, , VAR. dasyphylla ; leaves more or less appressed pubescent beneath, receptacles and peduncles tawny-tomentose.— Ceylon (the only form there). 1; Van. tomentosa ; leaves tomentose, receptacles tomentose or pubescent, in. — r erak. . Van. assamica ; shrubby, leaves very broad rather thick puberulous, in pairs, peduncles 14 in. divaricate.— Khasia and Dupbla Hills, Cachar. peduncles receptacles 83. F. scandens, Rozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 526 ; leaves ovate or clliptic-ovate subacute or acute entire base broad rounded, nerves 3 pairs above the basal, receptacles axillary long-peduncled solitary or in pairs globose scaberulous. Wight Ic. t. 643; Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 452; Ann. iii. 281, 294; Brand. 22% Fl, 421 ; Kurz For. Fl. à. 455. F. fructicosa & hederacea, Roxb. l. c. e) oaa E Eraticosa, Roxb.?, crustacea & triplinervis, Wall. Cat. 490], 3) " . Ficus, G. Kíny.] oxxxvt. urticacez. (J. D. Hooker.) 527 TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards ; ASSAM, Kunasia HILLS, CHITTA- GONG, Burma and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS. BEHAR, on Parusnath. Scandent 3 stem and branches often rooting. Leaves 2-31 in., rugulose and sub- scabrid above, beneath subareolar, base strongly 3-nerved ; petiole }—} in. ; stipules + in., ovate, acuminate. Reeepts lin. diam., yellow to red; base sometimes con- stricted into a stipes ; umbilicus rather prominent; peduncle 3—5 in. Sepals of all fl. 4; anthers subsessile, Gall ovary obovoid, smooth ; style subterminal, short, thick, stigma hooked. Achene oblong, smooth; margin broad, pale; style lateral, long, stigma subcapitate.—In Roxburgh’s drawings of F. scandens and hederacea the wale fi. are monandrous, of fruticosa diandrous. . 84. F. obtusa, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1844) 75; shoots softly rown tomentose, leaves broadly or elliptic-ovate or subobovate acute or obtuse entire hispidulous above when young scabrid when old, beneath puberulous or pubescent, nerves 3 or 4 pairs above the basal, recepts sub- sessile in axillary pairs subglobose or depressed glabrous puberulous or pibtomentose. F. alnifolia, Mig. Pl. Jungh. 51; Flor. i. ii. 930 ; Ann. iii. Te 293, t.8 D. F. piperifolia, Mig. Ann. l. c. 293. F. platycaula, Mig. or, l. c. 318. Pogonotrophe javana, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 75, Flor. l. c. 30; Ann. l c. 278, 293. P. piperifolia, Mig. in Zoll. Verz. 93, 99; Flor. '€ F. borneensis, Flor. l. c. 330. Perak, Kunstler.—DtsTRIB. Java. nerved ves 24-6 in. ; base broad, rounded, rarely narrowed, cordate or notched, 5-7- or vill 3 petiole 3-2 in., tomentose or subscabrid ; stipules } in., lanceolate, pubescent Orate ous. Recepts in. diam., yellow-brown to crimson; basal bracts 3, broadly elli t pubescent ; peduncle 1-3 in., fulvous-tomentose. Fem. sepals 5; ovary long- disk. 10; style long, filiform, adjacent stigmas cohering in a thick umbonate ans F. alutacea, Blume Bijd. 457; leaves coriaceous, elliptic or Ptic-ovate or oblong entire acute or cuspidate, smooth and shining above, aeath pale tessellate squamulose, nerves 5-6 pairs above the basal, recepts ng-peduncled in axillary pairs or cauline and fascicled globose smooth. 4. Flor, i. 319, sree, Cunstler, —DISTRIB. Java. ; or n Oots puberulous or glabrescent, verruculose. Leaves 4—7 in. ; base round ed stout, re sub-2-auricled, 3-nerved ; nerves prominent beneath ; petiole 1-11 in., i ScUrfy; stipules in pairs, } in., ovate-lanceolate, puberulous. Receptacles Blabrogs a a” ripe reddish; basal bracts 3, united; peduncle nearly 1 in., slender, s Teysmanniana ; branches warted, leaves pubescent beneath, especially on “rvules, receptacles axillary. F. Teysmanniana, Mig. l. e. 319. shoots subscabrid and deciduously ceolate obtuse or acuminate entire hairy beneath, nerves 2-3 pairs receptacles sessile or subsessile ed on short axillary tubercles sn rh recurva, Blume Biid. 457; su scal eaves elliptic-ovate oblong or lan ove ud above glabrous or sparsely axillary a, rounded or subcordate base, depre J and solitary or in pairs or clustered o axillary tu ero e 43 Ssed globose pubescent or glabrate. Miq. Flor. i. ii. 817; Suppi. and Ann, iii, 279, 294. F. Spanogheana, Mig. in L.J. B. vii. 451, and My Le F. villipes, Mig. in L.J. B. le. F. strigosa, Blume l.c. 318; l, i iem. l. c. 979, 294. F. urnigera, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. 92, 98, and F lor. ` “18, t.19. F. ribesioides, Wall. Cat. 4522; Mig. dan. l e. 293. F. ns, Wall. Cat. 4578 B. OL. v, xm 528 CXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker) [Ficus, G. King. PENANG, Curtis. PERAK, Kunstler. SINGAPORE, Wallich.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, d Stem often rooting. Leaves 3-5 in., above smooth and glabrous or scabri , beneath from glabrous .to sparsely pilose and hispid, nerves more or less horizontal ; petiole 4—4 in., stout, glabrous strigose or scaberulous ; stipules 4 in., broadly ovate, } in. on the barren shoots. Receptacles 2-3 in. diam., (ripe) yellow, umbilica annulus smooth sometimes open, basal bracts 3, rather large, ovate acute. Male f and galls in the upper half of the cavity ; anthers subsessile, large, oblong. Sepals o all fl. 4, lanceolate. Gall ovary obliquely ovoid, smooth, style short lateral. Achene subobovoid or oblong, style terminal.—The following forms are distinguishable. F. RIBESIOIDES, Wall. (and ADNASCENS) ; leaves lanceolate glabrous or sparsely hairy, receptacles 3 in. diam. fewer in a cluster, peduncle 3 in. or less. F. URNIGERA, Mig.; leaves substrigose beneath, receptacles flattened at the top, annulus large, basal bracts large. 87. F. foveolata, Wall. Cat. 4493; shoots pubescent, leaves mem- branous ovate elliptic or oblong or lanceolate acute or acuminate entire glabrous above base rounded, nerves 3-6 pairs, recepts subsolitary ^ 1 axillary globose to ovoid or obovoid. Mig. Ann. ii. 294; Brand. For. PL 423. F. erecta, Mig. l.c. 904. F. nipponica, Franch. 4 Savat. Enum. y. Jap. i. 436. F. Thunbergii, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. xi. 339. A impressa & Wrightii, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 398. F. luducca, Rogb. in ve : Cat. 4493 D. F. pubigera, Wall. Cat. 4518; Brand. l.c. 424; Kurz Por. Fl. ii. 450. F. ludens, Wall. Cat. 4579. Pogonotrophe pubigera, UL rucosa & reticulata, Mig. in L.J. B. vii. 76, 77.—Ficus sp., Griff: Notul. iv. 400, and Jc. Pl. Asiat. t, 561. Ovrer HIMALAYA, from Chamba to Bhotan, alt. 2-7000 ft.; the Kuasta HILLS, CHITTAGONG and BURMA.—DISTRIB. China. ath A creeper or lofty climber. Leaves 14-6 in., pubescent or glabraté bene with prominent nerves ; base 3-nerved, rounded cordate or subcuneate ; petiole 5-3 and pubescent ; stipules in pairs, 3 in., villous. Receptacles }—} in. diam., or ovo! n 1 by.ł in., umbonate puberulous warted or wrinkled or obovoid and 13 m. long a broad; basal bracts 3, ovate, acute, often reflexed; peduncle 445-3 in. Ma Gill pedicelled, filaments connate; anthers 2-3 ovate, pointed. Sepals of all fl. 4. tvle ovary obovoid, style short, stigma dilated. Achene oblong-reniform, papillose, Sty long subterminal.—Distinct forms are— les Van. oleeformis ; creeping (never on trees), leaves oblong-lanceolate, receptac 1 in. long ovoid.—Sikkim. olate Van. maliformis; climbing and fruiting at the top, leaves ovate-lance , recepts 13-2 in. diam. much umbonate. 88. F. ramentacea, Rorb. Fl. Ind. iii. 547 ; leaves coriaceous ov or elliptic-ovate subacuminate entire glabrous except the 9 or 6 Pisters nerves beneath, recepts subsessile solitary or in axillary pairs Or eu Ann. depressed globose stipitate. Kurz For Fl.ii. 454. F.rigescens, Mig. pl. ii.993. FF. subrigida, Mig. Flor. Suppl. 175. F. oligosperma, Mv - Jungh. 55, and Flor. l.c. 319. F. microcarpa, Blume Bid. 442. F. vag ia Wall. Cat. 4562. F. leptocarpa, Steud. Nomencl. i. 636. F. adherent he Pl. Jungh. 55; Flor. l.c. 319, t. 99; Ann. l.c, 280, 294. PogonotroP rigida, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 74; Flor. l. c. 331. lands Sinurr, Wallich. BURMA, Kurz. PERAK, Kunstler.—DisrRIB. Malay niu A powerful epiphyte, often eventually a tree, Leaves 23-8 in. (on shoots innte; base rounded notched or cordate 3—7-nerved, nerves parallel, reticulation | rem petiole 2-1j in., stout; stipules 4 in., villous or pubescent, caducous. Teer? acts 3, diam., young sparsely hairy, suddenly contracted into the stipes; basa t an small reflexed glabrous, Sepals of male and gall fl. 2-3; filaments short, Ficus, G. King.] cxxxvi urticacez. (J. D. Hooker.) 529 elongate, Gall ovary obovoid, smooth, style short. Achene elliptic, style long, stigma cylindric.— F. adherens is a constant form with smaller leaves and sessile Tecepts. 89. F. araneosa, King; leaves ovate-lanceolate obtusely cuspidate entire glabrous above, densely flocculent beneath, recepts in axillary pairs or clusters pyriform flocculent. Perak; at Laroot, Kunstler. Leaves 23-3} in. ; petiole 3-3 in.; stipules ovate, convolute, flocculent. Recepts shortly peduncled, basal bracts 0. Sepals in all fl. 4, broad, anthers 2 elongate ‘gittate. Gall ovary narrowly obliquely ovoid; style short, subterminal. Achene (Young) with a short thick style. 90. T. villosa, Blume Bijd. 441; shoots fulvous villous, leaves coria- cous ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate entire glabrous and subrugose above except the hirsute midrib and 5-6 pairs of nerves, beneath densely yous villous, recepts in clusters on axillary tubercles shortly pedun- Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 451; Flor. i. ii. 317, t. 21 B; Ann. iii. 294. 4; lives, Mig. Choix, t. 19. F. obtecta & ? F. barbata, Wall. Cat. 4505, 0/0, PENANG and SINGAPORE, Wallich. Perak, Kunstler.—DisTRIP. Malay Islands. Mos 5-73 in., base 3-5-nerved rounded notched or subcordate ; petiole J-1 in., Villous ; stipules in pairs 1-1$ in. broadly oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, caducous. “cepts $ in. diam., (ripe) orange-yellow, umbonate; peduncle j5-X in., villous, bracts minute, Sepals of all fl. 4, lanceolate ; anthers elongate, filaments short. ovary narrowly elliptic, style subterminal. Achene ellipsoid.— Very near F. @ and recurva, Blume. int F. erininervia, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 432; shoots tawny- silky » leaves coriaceous "slliptie- or ovate-oblong acuminate or cuspidate entire above glabrous and minutely lepidote beneath tessellately reticulate, nerves 5-6 pairs above the cordate or subsagittate base silky beneath, bacbts axillary solitary or in pairs obovoid or globose smooth in age, gal bracts 0. F, lanigera, Wall. Cat. 4577. F. grossinervis, Miquel in ero, lanat Assam, Gri th, Clarke. Currraaone, Lister.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands. . Creeping und rooting from stem and branches. Leaves }-1} in., base S re oars Petiole 1} in, scurfy and deciduously hirsute; stipules }—-1} in., in pairs, inear- “eeolate tlaccid glabrous, very conspicuous on the branchlets. - Recepte iz ate lam, subumbonate, base contracted, hairs deciduous ; peduncle }—} in., base brac . i i tigma large, sepals 3; achene (young) obliquely ovoid; style subterminal, short, stig 2. F. diversifoli Blume Bijd. 456; leaves sessile polymorphous omally deltoid or cuneatc-obovate with the apex obtuse rounded EM p efid and base narrowed glandular with a forked midrib, some mes Vate oblanceolate or rhomboid and penninerved tip acute or o em on pts axillary solitary or in pairs depressed globose ovoid or PY L and ore iq. Ann. iii, 988. F. deltoidea, Jack Mal. Mise, 6 2 441 Hie ea, Lee, ; Wall. Cat. 4526. F. spathulata, Miq. in L.J. Pr by Pa: UN F. retusa). F. sideroxifolia, Griff, Notul. iv. 389; Ie. diversifolia, Vii z J: gres De Hort Por, 1i 3,118, Smocin versie Vision D. J. B. 1.0. 470, t. 9 B; Flor. i ii. 328. Erythrogyn , “ani in Gaspar, Ric 86; Mig. in L. J. B. l. c. 453. Mm 930 JCOXXXVL URTICACEE. (J.‘D. Hooker.) [ Ficus, G. King. PENANG, PERAK and SINGAPORE, Wallich, &c.—DrisTRIB. Malay Islands. Often epiphytal shrub or small tree. Leaves 1 by ł in., to 5 by 4 in., coriaceous or subcoriaceous, beneath granulate and with dark glands in the fork of the midrib or in the axils of the lower nerves in the penninerved forms; petiole 4-3 in. (13-3 in. in var. Kunstleri) ; stipules 1-1 in., linear-lanceolate, convolute. Recepts dull yellow or reddish ; basal bracts 3, short, broad, spreading, puberulous ; peduncle 3-1 in. Male sepals 4, obovate. Gall sepals 3, ovate or linear; ovary globose, smooth, or angular rough and crustaceous; style short, subterminal; stigma wide tubular. Achenes twice as large as the gall ovary, elongate-reniform shining; style lateral, long, stigma forked.—The leaves are usually of the obovate-cuneate type, with bifurcating midrib, rarely also elongated oblanceolate and penninerved. Such dimor- phous individuals suggested Blume’s name of diversifolia. This was not published until 1825, whereas Jack’s deltoidea and ovoidea were both published in 1822. I, however, retain Blume’s name, because it recognizes the dimorphism, and covers both Jack’s forms. Three vars, are distinguishable. VAR. ovoidea; all parts smaller, leaves narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, tip rounded entire, recepts usually in pairs subglobose or ovoid } in. long. ¥. ovoidea, ack. Var. Kunstleri; leaves large cuneate-deltoid, tip rounded or notched, petiole 1i-3 in., recepts about } in. long, male fl. long-pedicelled, perianth minute, gall sepals 3 linear much longer than the achene. —Perak. Var. lutescens; leaves pinnate-nerved subrhombic acute at both ends. F lutescens, Desf.— Perak, alt. 4-5000 ft., on the ground and trees. 93. F. palmata, Forsk. Fl. /Egypt. 179 ; leaves membranous orbicu- lar-ovate acute or apiculate toothed or serrate entire or obtusely 3-5-lobed subscabrous above scabrid or shortly tomentose beneath, nerves 3-6 pairs, recepts solitary axillary subglobose to pyriform, base constricted. | Vah Symb. i. 84, t. 24; Mig. Ann. iii. 290, and in L. J. B.vii.925. F. caricoides, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 529; Mig. in L. J. B. l c. 224. F. pseudo-sycamoru» Dene. Fl. Sinaie.; Mig. in L. J. B. l.c. 227; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1155. F. virgata, Roxb. l. c. 530; Wight Ic. t. 649; Mig. in L. J. B. 228, and Fie: Afric. 130; Brand. For. Fl. 419; Wall. Cat. 4507 A and ? B, 4492. N.W. INDIA, from the Indus eastwards to Oudh, ascending to 3000 ft. 1 HrwALAYA. Mr. Asoo, King.—Disrris. Westward to Egypt and Abyssinia. A bush or small tree, nerves epiphytal, shoots tomentose, pubescent or glabrous Leaves 14-5 in., base 3-nerved; petiole 1-2 in.; stipules in pairs, ovate, 200 ts pubescent, deciduous. Recepts 4-1 in. diam., umbonate, (ripe) yellow ; basal bracts 3, acute, deciduous; peduncle 1-1 in. Male fl. on hairy pedicels ; sepals 4-5, lane late, hairy. Gall fl. sessile or pedicelled ; perianth deeply 5-cleft; ovary lr smooth ; style very short, lateral, stigma dilated. Fem. jl. ; perianth of gall The achene trigonous, granular; style subterminal, long, hairy, stigma bifid.— Indian representative of F. Carica, L n the c ovate- oot entum 94. F. alba, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 467 ; leaves ovate ellipti lanceolate or subrhombie entire or acutely 3-lobed irregularly t scabrid or hispidulous above clothed with white or cinnamon tom beneath, nerves 3-4 pairs above the basal, recepts in axillary p? nd depressed globose or ovoid smooth when ripe. Mig. Flor. i. D- 294, p F. Mappan, Suppl. 424, 425; Ann. iii. 270, 290. F. nivea, Blume 7g Miq. Flor. l. c. 294. F. gossypina, Wall. Cat. 4488 ; Mig. in Hook. L. 225, vii. 455; Flor. l e. 294; Suppl. 495. F. Hunteri, Mig. in L. J. B. l.c. and Flor. l. e. 296. PF. palmata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 529. PENANG, PERAK, SINGAPORE and Matacca, ascending to 4000 Malay Islands. ft, —DISTBIP: Ficus, Œ. King.] cxxxvi. URTICACEZS. (J. D. Hooker.) 991 A shrub or small tree. Leaves 5-8 in., base 3-nerved, narrow or broad and cordate, or the shoots large palmately $—7-lobed and -nerved; petiole 11-3 in., glabrous or pubescent; stipules 4-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, at first pubescent. Recepts 4-3 in. diam., young pubescent; basal bracts 3, broadly ovate, obtuse. Male ft. sessile, short, broad ; sepals 3, broadly imbricate; stamens 1-2. Gall sepals 2, lanceolate ; ovary ovoid, smooth; style short, lateral, stigma funnel-shaped. Achene crustaceous, tubercled ; style as long, lateral, stigma cylindric, 95. P. fulva, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 578; shoots hispid, leaves membranons from ovate or elliptic to rounded rhombic 3-5-sinuate or -lobed acute or apiculate denticulate above scabrid with tomentose nerves heath tawny-tomentose, nerves 2-4 pairs, recepts crowded sessile or sub- Sessile in axillary pairs ovoid to globose. Mig. Ann. iii. 269, 290; For. 1. ii. 96; De Vriese Pl. Rar. Jard. Leyd. fase.1. F. Reinwardtii, Link & Otto, Te. Rar. T. 6, t. 31 ; Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 457. F. suborbicularis, Mig. Flor. Buppl.495. F. apiculata, Mig. in Zoll. Syst. 92, 98; Flor. l c. 296 ; Ann. l. c. 269, 290. F. chlorocarpa, Mig. Flor. 294. Pogonotrophe flavidula, 19. L e. Suppl. 435. eee, the ANDAMAN IsraNDs and MALAY PENINSULA.—DiSTRIB. Malay nds, A small shad . , in., base rounded or cordate, 5-7-nerved ; petiole 113) in., pubescent ; ele Tingle, broadly ovate, acute, base truncate, hairs deciduous, Recepts 43 in. diam., (ripe) yellow-red ; basal bracts 3, broad, villous, Hale fi Sessile ; sepals 3, large, oblong, much overtopping the 2 subsessile oblong anthers, Gall and Jem. sepals 5, narrow-lanceolate; gall ovary ovoid, smooth ; style short, lateral, stigma funuel-shaped, Fem. fl. sessile or pedicelled ; achene vu uely Ovoid, crustaceous, granulate.—There are two principal forms: F. fulva “ith rounded leaves, and F. flavidula & chlorocarpa with ovate or elliptic ones. 96. P. chrysocar a, Reinwdt. in Blume Bijd. 475; leaves mem- branous elliptic to oblanceolate acute serrate (not lobed or cordate) above Parsely strigose beneath pubescent or tomentose, nerves 3-4 pairs a ove the basal, recepts in axillary pairs ovoid or globose densely er. DE] i do Flor. i ii. 302, and Suppl. 497 ; Ann. iii. 270, 291; Kurz For, PI. ç 596. F, aurata, Miq. Ann. l. c. 271, 291. F. densiserra, Miq. Flor. Suppl. 496, F. arguta, Wall. Cat. 4489. Covellia aurata, Mig. Flor. Suppl, 433, , Idan th TABAN, Kurz. PrNANG, Wallich. Perax, Kunsler.—DisTRIB. Malay A tree, branchlets holl w, yellowish or rusty hirsute. Leaves 4-7 in., base sierve 3 stipules 2 in., lanceolate, rufous-tomentose. Recepts iin. diam, iani void, Interior densely hairy. Male sepals 4, broadly ovate, glabrous: Mi ont lur sepals 4. oblanceolate, tips penicillate. Gall ovary ovoid, smoor T i stigma cylindrig 4 ene subrhombic, wrinkled, tubercled; style long, lateral, hairy, m 9r. F, hirta, Vahl Enum. ii. 201; leaves polymorphous ovate elliptic wat oblong-lanceolate acuminate serrate entire or 9-9- above the 3.5 ridly hispid beneath hirsute or tomentose, nerves 2-7 pairs abos vi usna o recepts in axillary pairs sessile or subsessile hispig y d. iii. 534: W; ly fem. fl. and ovoid with male and gall. i. Roxb. F nd. Bi 534; d Ic. t. 672; Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 456; Flor. i. i. 200 t 3 P d lions gr Fi HM. F setosa, Bune Bid ATi Seu p^ 406 ; ook. ch. Voy. , t. 49. " s pve’ menel, i 638, EE A A A A Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vi. 77. 932 CXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. ii Mig. i j i j ll. Cat. F. Roxburghii, Mig. in L. J. B. l. c. 456. F. triloba, Ham. in Wa ut 4491 Mig, Ana. i c. 270, 290; Brand. For. Fl. 423; Kurz For. Fl. i. 449. F. hirsuta, Roxb. l. c. 528; Wight l. c. t. 670. TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Sikkim eastwards; Assam, Burma and the MALAY LA.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, China. . PN or small tree. ‘Leaves 5-12 in., base narrow, rounded or cordate ; petiole 3-1 in., hirsute ; stipules À-$ in., ovate-lanceolate, deciduously strigose or P Recepts $—1 in. diam.; oral bracts many, some large ; basal ovate, acuminate. RM of all fl. 4, lanceolate, glabrous. Stamens 1-3. Gall ovary globose or ovoid, ar style short, stigma funnel-shaped. Achene granulate, ellipsoid, notched at the of the lateral long style, stigma cylindric. . F. hirta proper has narrower leaves and recepts } in., and is the southern m F. triloba, Ham. (Roxburghii, Miq.), has ovate or rounded ovate leaves entire deeply lobed, and recepts 4 in. diam. Both forms meet on the Khasia Mts. 98. F. variolosa, Lindl. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. (1842) i. 492; glabrous, leaves oblong- or ob-lanceolate subacute entire, nerves 8-10 pairs basal subhorizontal, recepts in axillary pairs peduncled globose umbonase warted glabrous. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 328; Mig. Ann. ii. 294; Maxim. t Bull. Acad. Petersb. xi. 336. Perak, Kunstler.—Distr1B. Hong Kong. . te, not A shrub. Leaves 23-41 in., sometimes obtusely acuminate, base cunea Fan 3-nerved, margins recurved; petiole }-1 in.; stipules $ in., ovate, aenn below, Recepts 3 in. diam.; oral bracts large, basal 3, triangular-ovate, bajen 3-4, spreading ; peduncle }—} in., slender. Fem. fl. subsessile or pedicelled ; sepals d achene trigonous, wrinkled minutely ; style lateral.—Male and gall fl. unknown. 99. F. erecta, Thunb. Diss. Fic. 9, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 327, m Sieboldi , leaves long-lanceolate acuminate entire or subserrate towards p tip above glabrous or scabrid beneath hispid and minutely tubercu e , nerves about 8 pairs, recepts in axillary pairs peduncled pyritorm amoo , base'much constricted. Kampf. Ic. Sel. t..4; Franch. & Savat. En. EO ee. i 435, ii. 490. F. pumila 8, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 33. F. Sieboldi, Mig. | Ta i. 199, ii. 295; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. xi. 327. PF. pyrifom™ Burm, Fl. Ind. 226; Mig. Prolus. 931. ? F. japonica, Blume Bid. T , Sieb. & Zucc. FI. Jap. Fam. Nat. No. 778; Maxim. l. c. 328.—Itaber, Kempf. Amen. Exot. 803. SIKKIM HIMALAYA, J. D. H. KnasrA HILLS, Mann.—DISTRIB. China, Japans A small tree, shoots subglabrous. Leaves 2—4 in. Recepts 1 in. diam., gla style or puberulous. Male and gall sepals 3, lanceolate. Gall ovary globos; E. short, lateral, stigma dilated. Fem, fl. subsessile; sepals 4; style lateral, fewer- stigma 2-lobed.-—The typical F. erecta has broadly ovate or elliptic-obovate fe var. nerved leaves, and depressed recepts less constricted below. The Hong Kong —See (Beecheyana) has the leaves beneath and recepts hispid or almost tomentose. F. silhetensis and chartacea. 100. F. glandulifera, Wall. Cat. 4481; leaves membranous ovate to subobovate-oblong cuspidate entire glabrous except the puberulous 7 hous and 4-5 pairs of nerves, recepts in axillary clusters smooth dimorh; 205 subglobose with male and gall tl. or ellipsoid and female. F. m 203 99, Miq. Ann. iii. 293., Pogonotrophe aurantiaca, Mig. in Zoll. Sys 1 e. l. aud Flor. i. ii. 332. P. glandulifera, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 77; Flor. t. €. P. sumatrana, Mig. Flor. Suppl. 436. th, ri Burma, Falconer. PzNANG, Porter. PERAK, Kunstler. MALACCA, Griff Maingay.—DisTRiB. Malay Islands. Ficus, Œ. King.] cxxxvi. urticacez, (J. D. Hooker.) 533 A small spreading tree, shoots and petioles rusty-pubescent. Leaves 3-4 in., olive-green, base broad, rounded or notched, 3-nerved ; petiole $—1 in. ; stipules} in., broadly ovate, villous. Zecepts j in. diam., top flattened, base constricted, (ripe) yellow, nearly smooth, young softly pubescent; peduncle } in., and basal bracts rusty-pubescent.— The colour of dry leaves is characteristic. 101. F. silhetensis, Miq. Ann. Mus. iii. 223, 291; leaves membra- nous ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate acute or acuminate entire subglabrous above granulate and sparsely hispid beneath, nerves 3-4 pairs, recepts axillary solitary or in pairs subsessile ovoid or subglobose sparsely hairy. F. umbonata, Wall. Cat. 4548; Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 437. Assam, SILHET and the KHASIA HILts, ascending to 4000 ft., Wallich, &c. A shrub, shoots tomentose. Leaves 21-4 in.; margins sometimes subundulate when dry; base acute or subacute, 3-nerved; petiole $—1 in., hairy ; stipules as long, lanceolate, glabrous. ecepts 4 in. diam., (ripe) reddish, young much umbonate ; oral bracts many, basal 3, minute. Sepals of all fl. 3, lanceolate. Stamens 2-4. Gall ovary globose or obovoid, smooth ; style short, lateral. Achene obovoid, flat- tened, granulate ; margins thickened; style long, lateral, deflexed, hairy.—Probably à form of F. erecta of smaller size and with sessile receptacles. 102. P. pyriformis, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 216; leaves oblong- to linear-lanceolate obtusely acuminate entire smooth or scaberulous above glabrous pubescent or hispid beneath, nerves 5-10 pairs, recepts axillary solitary peduncled pyriform umbonate. Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 437, 6, f. A; Ann. iii. 281, 294; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 328. F. Millettii, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 438; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. xi. 336. F. Abelii, Mig. Ann. 1. e. 281, 295. F. subpyriformis, Mig. Ann. 1. e. 229, 294; Kurz For. Hl. ii. 456. F, Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 4553. F. ichnopoda, Mig. Ann. l. c. 229, 294; Kurz l. e. Assam, the Kasra Mrs., Burma and PERAK.—DISTRIB. China. — shrub, young parts pubescent. Leaves 1$-4 in., minutely reticulate, base acute, 3-nerved; petiole 3-} in.; stipules as long, subulate, glabrous. Recepts -+ ìn. diam., stipitate, puberulous or subhispid; basal bracts 3, triangular, those with fem. fl, smallest. Male fl. many; sepals 3. Gall sepals 4; ovary globose, smooth ; style short, lateral; stigma dilated, tubular. Achene reniform, granulate ; style subterminal, long, slender.—The following forms are connected by intermediates. ©: pyriformis, H. & A.; leaves lanceolate glabrous asperulous punctulate beneath (China) — F. . Abelii, Miq. ; leaves of type but hispid beneath, receptacles hispidulous (China). — p . subpyriformis, Miq.; leaves linear-lanceolate pubescent beneath, nerves about 10 pairs, recepts and peduncles pubescent (India).—F’. ichnopoda, Miq. ; leaves of subpyrifi ormis but glabrous, receptacles long-peduncled glabrous (India). 103. P. chartacea, Wail. Cat. 4580; leaves membranous glabrous lanceolate or ovate- or ob-lanceolate acuminate or cuspidate entire, nerves p», Pairs, receptacles in axillary pairs clustered subsessile globose smooth. 4559 "ponga, var. chartacea, Kurz For. Fl.ii.451. F. torulosa, Wall. Cat. Burma, Wallich. PERAK, common on the coast, Kunstler. shrub, shoots appressed -pubescent. Leaves 2-4 in., narrowed to the cuneate erved base, scaberulous beneath; petiole 1-1 in., slender; stipules j-j in., anceolate, convolute, glabrous. Recepts } in., (ripe) yellow, young umbonate ; basal oe 3, minute; peduncle 0-4, in., glabrous. Male fl. sessile; sepals 3, spathulate. an * Pedicelled; sepals 4, "linear-lanceolate ; ovary subglobose, smooth; stylo sort, lateral, stigma tubular, Fem. fl. pedicelled ; sepals of gall. fl. ; ac rene voit , b Sose; margin thickened - style subterminal, stigma cylindric. —Near Suhetensts, üt leaves quite glabrous, not punctulate, and recepts subsessile. Possibly a local lor m of F, erecta, F., torulosa is a more obovate-leaved form. 534 CXXXVI. URTICACEÆ®. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ficus, G. King. 104. F. nemoralis, Wall. Cat. 4517; glabrous, leaves membranous ovate-elliptic- or ob-lanceolate acuminate entire, nerves 7-12 pairs subhori- zontal, recepts subsessile axillary subglobose or clavate. Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 453; Ann. iii. 295 (excl. verrucosa); Brand. For. Fl. 424. F. gemella, Wall. Cat. 4516, and F. densa, Mig. in L. J. B. l. c. 545; Ann. l.e. F. Fieldingii, Mig. in D. J. B.l. c. 439; Ann. l. c. 280, 994. F. trilepis, Miq. Ann. l. c. 294; Wall. Cat. 4494 B. F. binata, Wall. Cat. 4554. A HIMALAYA, from Hazara to Bhotan, alt. 1500-6500 ft. KmasrA Mrs. and SSAM. A small glabrous tree or shrub. Leaves 3-5} in., base cuneate, rarely rounded, 3-nerved, nerves and reticulations prominent and dark beneath; petiole 3-1 in. ; stipules lanceolate, convolute, glabrous. Recepts } in. diam., all with male fl.; basal bracts 3, broad, connate; peduncle 4 in. or less. Male fl. pedicelled, few in the fem. recepts and near the mouth, numerous and sometimes scattered all over the gall recepts. Sepals in all fl. 3, lanceolate, fleshy. Stamens 2-3. Gall ovary ovoid, crustaceous. Achene rounded, wrinkled ; style longer and more lateral than of gull fl. —The forms are disposable in two series. I. Recepts ovoid or clavate; male fl. few, fem. many, galls few or 0.—F. nemoralis; leaf-base rather broad, recepts ovoid shortly peduncled (Central and E. Himal., Assam).—PF. trilepis; recepts clavate young ellipsoid truncate (Central and E. Himal.). II. Recepts subglobose, male and gal fl. many, fem. few or 0.—F. gemella; leaves narrow, recepts sessile (Central Himal. and Assam).— F. Fieldingii; leaves narrow much acuminate, recepts abruptly shortly peduncled (W. Himal. to 300 ft., E. Himal. to 8000 ft.). Approaches Urostigma. Sect. VII. Nromorpus (see p. 496). 105. F. macrocarpa, Wight mss.; scandent, leaves long-petioled membranous broadly ovate shortly acuminate sometimes unequal-sided glabrous above pubescent beneath, nerves about 3 pairs, recepts in cauline clusters globose, basal bracts 0. Pogonotrophe macrocarpa, Mig. in Wight Ic. t. 1965. Niransmi HILLs, alt. 5000 ft., Wight, Gamble. A large climbing tree, shoots at first puberulous. Leaves 5 in., base rounded or sub- cordate; petiole 2-25 in. ; stipules } in., lanceolate. Recepts 1-2} in. diam., spotted ; peduncles about j in., with several bracts at their base. Fem. fl. sessile or pedicelled 5 sepals 6; ovary subovoid; style as long, subterminal, hairy; stigma 2-lobed.— Miquel (Ann. iii. 278) refers macrocarpa, Wight, to vagans, Roxb., which is levis. Perhaps a form of the following. 106. F. guttata, Kurz; leaves broadly ovate cuspidate sparsely puberulous above minutely villous or glabrescent beneath, nerves about 3 pairs, recepts in cauline and rameal ‘clusters shortly peduncled subglobose pubescent, basal bracts 3. Covellia guttata, Wight Ic. t. 1966. NILGHIRI and Putnry Hiris, Wight, Gamble, Beddome. A climbing tree, branchlets tomentose at length glabrous. Leaves 4-5 in., base broad, rounded or subcordate, 3-5-nerved. Recepts 1-11 in. diam., (ripe) blotched. Fem. fl. sessile; sepals 6, style short, stigma widely fuunel-shaped. 107. F. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat, 4508; leaves broadly ovate 0 rounded mucronate entire or toothed above glabrous or glabrescent beneat softly pubescent base cordate, nerves 3—4 pairs, recepts on short leafless cauline branchlets peduncled turbinate 8-12 ridged. Brand. For. Fl. v ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 460. F. macrophylla, Rorb. Fl. Ind. iii. 550 ; Wight 10- t. 673. ° F. scleroptera, Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 558. F. regia, Mig. Am. iii. 230, 297 (in part). Covellia macrophylla, Mig. in L. J. B. vii. 465. Ficus, G. King.] | CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 535 OvTrR HIMALAYA, from the Indus to Bhotan; KRas1IA Mrs., CHITTAGONG and URMA, ascending to 5000 ft. A low spreading tree, 10-30 ft., bark brown. Leaves 5-15 by 41-12 in., base cordate, rarely rounded, 5-7-nerved ; nerves prominent on both surfaces, nervules nearly transverse ; petiole 1-4 in.; stipules 3-1 in., ovate-lanceolate, pubescent, Recepts 2 in. diam. and more, pubescent or glabrous, (ripe) russet-brown or purplish and spotted, umbilicus large, base sometimes constricted; basal bracts 3, rather large, triangular ; peduncle #-1} in., pubescent. Male sepals large, inflated, broadly imbricate; stamens 2-3, filaments long, stout. Gall perianth 2—3-lobed ; style short, subterminal, stigma dilated. Fem. fl. subsessile or pedicelled, perianth of gall fl.; achene granulate, viscid; style long, lateral, curved, hairy, stigma cylindric, 108. F. pomifera, Wail. Cat. 4547; leaves glabrous or nearly so elliptic subovate or lanceolate acute coarsely serrate, nerves 4-5 pairs, recepts clustered on cauline and rameal tubercles or short leafless branches 9ng-peduncled globose or subpyriform 4-6-grooved pubescent. F. oligodon, ^q. Ann. ii. 234, 997. F. regia, Mig. l. c. 230, 296 (in part); Kurz For. Fl i. 458. p. Hamiltoniana, Wall. Cat. 4545 A. . BIKKIM HrwALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft., J. D. H., &e. CHITTAGONG, Lister. BURMA, urz, &c, PERAK, Kunstler. —DISTRIB. Malay Islands. À tall tree, head narrow, bark white. Leaves 41-8 in., above when young pube- rulous, beneath papillose puberulous or glabrous, base rounded or subcuneate, S-nerved ; petiole 13-34 in., pubescent ; stipules j-$ in., ovate-lanceolate. Recepts lin. diam. (ripe) reddish, sometimes warted, oral bracts large, pubescent, basal 3, ovate, "006; peduncle 1-21 in. Male sepals 3, large, enclosing the 2 curved anthers. Gall and fem, perianth 3-toothed, of the gall fl. often enveloping the ovoid smooth ovary. Achene papillose; style long, lateral, stigma clavate.— Differs from F, Rovburghii in the white bark, smaller more glabrous not cordate leaves, and hairy receptacles on longer slenderer peduncles ; it is also a more southern plant. 109. P. variegata, Blume Bijd. 459; leaves broadly or elliptic-ovate acuminate entire subrepand or denticulate glabrous above puberulous or 8’abrous beneath, nerves 4 pairs, recepts clustered on cauline and rameal tubercles peduncled globose smooth. Mig. Flor. i. ii. 320; Ann. id. 295. ' Subracemosa, Blume l c. 469; Mig. Flor. l c. 330; Choir PI. CI racemifera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 000; Wight Ic. t. 639. F. SION cerif es, Mig. Ann, l. c. 930, 995. F. subopaca, Mig. Flor. l e. 320. F. cerifera, dime in Ann. Se, Nat. Ser, 4, ii. 333, t. 14. F. ceriflua, Jungh. Java i. $9. F. chlorocarpa, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 330; Mig. Ann. l. c. 296 Zh lavim. yal Acad. Petersb. xi. 330. Covellia racemifera, Mig. in L. P vi ri Plor, 1. e. 325, Sycomorus capensis & gummiflua, Mig. Pl. Jungh. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 145, t. 93. Malay T rAGONG, Lister. Assam, Mann. PENANG, King’s Collector.— DISTRIB. Slands, `. tall spreading tr z labrous or pubescent. Leaves 4-7 in., has nd are ail, hens elaro P periret (ine 1-2 in.; stipules 13 in acuminate, glabrous. Recepts lin. diam., MM "Pe) red, with white streaks and dots, base sometimes constricted ; basal bracts > » deciduous ; peduncle 3-2 in. Male sepals 3 or 4, linear-lancoolata ; elena boya; PeriantA 4—5.toothed ; ovary ovoid, smooth, stigma funnel-shaped. oid, granulate, stigma clavate. 110. P, lo r. Pl. ii. t. 123, and Fl. Ind. iii. 558; leaves mente anous nna? eee long or -lanceolate subacute glabrous "Mely softly pubescent above pubescent and glabrous or asperous beneath, 536 CXXXVL URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Ficus, G. King. nerves 4-6 pairs, recepts on cauline and rameal short leafless scaly branches rarely axillary peduncled pyriform turbinate or subglobose allbearing male fem. and gall fl. Wight Ic. t. 667; Mig. Ann. iii. 297; Brand. For. Fl. 492, t. 49; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 458; Bedd. For. Man. 224; Wall. Cat. 4511 A. F. chittagonga, Mig. Ann. l. c. 994; Kurz l. c. 596. F. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4549. F. mollis, Mig, Ann. l. c. 283, 296. F. Goolereea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 538. Covellia glomerata, Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 465; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 243. C. mollis, Mig. in L. J. B. l. c. 466; Flor. 326. OUTER HIMALAYA and plains and low hills of INDIA, from Rajpootana and the Salt Range to the Khasia Mts., Burma, the Deccan Peninsula and CEYLON. . A tree, shoots glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 4-7 in., tapering to the point, entire, base obtuse, rarely acute, 3-nerved ; petiole 1-2 in.; stipules 4-1 in., ovate- lanceolate, pubescent. Recepts 14 in. diam., reddish, umbilicus depressed, base of young much contracted ; basal bracts 3. Male fl. near the mouth of the recept; sepals 3-4, inflated. Gall and fem. fl. intermixed, perianth toothed; gall ovary ovoid, rough. Achene granulate, stigma clavate.— Three forms are definable: F. chittagonga ; shoots leaves beneath and pyriform recepts pubescent, leaves ovate- oblong or -lanceolate.—F. Goolereea, Roxb.; leaves of the type, recepts densely white- pubescent.—F. mollis; leaves softly pubescent above and beneath (Java).—VAR. elongata; leaves 7 in.-oblong acute (Burma, Chittagong). Only distinguished from F. lanceolata by the recepts, which are not ridged and warted. lll. F. Clarkei, King; leaves glabrous unequal-sided oblong or narrow-oblong entire or 1-2-toothed near the cuspidate tip, nerves pairs, recopts in short cauline and rameal scaly panicles peduncled pyriform smooth red. Kuasta HILLS; alt. 5000 ft., Clarke. A tall tree, bark whitish, shoots hispidly scabrid. Leaves 6-10 in., obscurely granulate beneath, base cuneate, 3-nerved; nerves spreading, prominent beneath ; petiole $ in.; stipules as long, lanceolate, convolute. Recepts 1 in. diam., red, base contracted into a long stipes, with 3 basal ovate-lanceolate bracts; peduncle jin. puberulous. Male fl. at the apex of the receptacle; sepals 3, large, loose ; stamens 2-3, filaments short, anthers ovate apiculate. Gall perianth with 3 linear- lanceolate teeth; ovary ovoid, slightly tubercled ; stigma cylindric. Fem. fi. not seen. 112. F. lanceolata, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 557; leaves mer" branous narrow-lanceolate entire or remotely serrate granulate beneath; nerves 6-8 pairs, recepts in cauline and rameal clusters of 6-8 peduncle pyriform glabrous with white warts, top depressed. Wight Ic. t. 645; Miq. Ann. iii. 297; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 457; Wall. Cat. 4519. Covellia lanceolata, Miq. in L. J. B. vii. 465, Kuasra Hiris, Mann. CmrrTAGONG, Lister, Gamble. Burma, Kurz. "n A much-branched glabrous shrub. Leaves 4-8 in., base 3-nerved ; petiole im stipules } in., lanceolate. Recepts 1-1} in. diam., (ripe) russet-brown with whi» warts, young turbinate, top concave, base slightly constricted ; basal bracts 3, minute ovate, acute. Male sepals 3-4, large, inflated. ` Gall and fem. perianth 3-toothec : gall ovary ovoid, smooth ; style short, subterminal, stigma dilated. Achene oblique y ovoid, granulate ; style elongate, lateral, stigma clavate.— Related to F. glomera & Roxburghii. UNDETERMINABLE AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. F. ABBREVIATA, Wall. Cat. 4573, from Singapore, is not determinable. F. BIGLANDULOSA, Wall. Cat. 4480, is a Chinese species. . F. ALTERNANS, Wall. Cat. 4555. Siam ? (Herb. Finlayson.) There is no $ answering to this number in Herb. Wallich. pecimen Ficus, G. King.) oxxxvr unTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 537 F. APERTA, Wall. Cat. 4592, is a solitary leaf, from Siam. F. cALONEURA, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 448, from Burma, without locality. The leaf resembles that of an Euphorbiaceous plant, the fruit is unknown. F. CINERASCENS, Wall. Cat. 4535, from Burma, is not identifiable. F. CONGESTA, ozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 559 (from Amboyna) and Wall. Cat. 4510, is not recognizable. F. CUNEATA, Wall. Cat. 4534, is an Erythroxylon. - P? GRACILIS, Wall. Cat. 4572, is not a Picus. F. GRISEA, Wall, Cat. 4544, from Burma, consists of leaves only. m . F. HAPALOPHYLLA, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 461, from Chittagong and the Khasia Hills, I$ not identifiable. F. iNCISA, Wall, Cat. 4490, from Ava, consists of leaves only. . . . F. INCLINATA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4486 B! from Silhet. There is no specimen in Herb, Wall. answering to this number and letter. . F. MACROPODA, urz For. Fl. ii. 459, from South Andaman Islands, is probably * Copiosa, Steud. DM F. NUDA, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 445 (not Miquel), is probably F. rhododendrifolia. F. PUBIGERA, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 450 (not of Wallich and Brandis), from curtabun, alt. 4000 ft., is undeterminable. Kurz has left no specimen in Herb, ulcutt, F.? putcura, Wall. Cat. 4571, from Singapore, is not a Ficus. P. RAMEA, Wall, Cat. 4556, from Mauritius, is F. rubra. — i, ; ROTUNDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 555, from N. Bengal, is undeterminable. : SUBREPANDA, Wall. Cat. 4568 B? from Silhet, is not identifiable. : URTICIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 533, from N. Bengal, is undeterminable. . ; VESTITA, Wall. Cat. 4500, from Nilghiris. There is no specimen answering to this number in Herb. Wallich. oni 6 .IPER CLYPEATUM, Wall. Cat. 6655, referred to in this volume, p. 96, p a Species of Ficus, is not so ; but what it is (if not a Piper) I cannot tell.—J. D. H. 18. AN TIARIS, Leschen. Evergreen trees. Leaves alternate, bifarious, penninerved, entire or serrate; stipules small, "lateral and connate and intrapetiolar, caducous, were monccious, males crowded on the surface of an axillary unisexua fleshy shortly peduncled receptacle surrounded by. imbricate bracts ; em. itary in a pyviform involucre of many bracts. Mate rr. Sepals 4, rarely ’ Spathulate, imbricate. Stamens 3-8, short, erect, included. Pisti M e EM. FL. Perianth 0. Ovary adnate to the involucre; style -parti » arms subulate recurved ; ovule pendulous. Fruit fleshy, pericarp con jaen with the involucre. Seed exalbuminous, testa hard; embryo subglobose, cotyledons equal fleshy, radicle small superior.—Species 5-6 P Indian, alayan and Australian. A, toxicaria eschen. in Ann. Mus. Paris xvi. 478, t. 22; leaves l long or elliptie-oblong acuminatecend mucronate entire or serrulate Seaborus «u$ glabrous or tomentose beneath, male receptacles 3-4 together rounde l Beye tomentose, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 462; Gamble Man. Ind. T: imb. 332 ; piene Rumph. i. 56, t. 22 23; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 11, t. 17i enn. e Jav. Rar, 52, te 13; "recul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, viii. o ‘) "A tye} Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. ii. 291; Wall. Cat. 7494. A. innoxia, ume ^. S rt. 54; Thwaites Enum. 263; Brandis For. Fl. 427; Miq. t - . Bomp dora, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. (1851) 232; Dalz. d ibs mb. Fl. 944. Wight Ic. t. 1958; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat.t. 307. A. dubia, ont in Li t acci Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb” pr inne xv. 343. Lepurandra saccidora, Num 538 CXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Antiaris. The DEccAN PENINSULA, on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards. Prev to MaRTABAN, Kurz. CEYLON; in the drier parts of the island.—DisTRIB. Malay Islands, A majestic tree, attaining 250 ft. ; branchlets glabrous, pubescent or pruinose, young villously hirsute. Leaves 4-8 in., glossy, base rounded or cordate ; young lanceolate, serrulate, hirsute; petiole very short. Male receptacles orbicular and peduncles velvety, } in. diam. Fruit like a small fig, purple, scarlet or crimson, pyriform, velvety, intensely bitter, tipped with a few bracts.—Kurz was the first to unite the western A. saccidora with the eastern toxicaria. The N. Australian A. macrophylla, Br., may be the same, for A. toxicaria is found as far eastward as Timor. According to Dalzell, the leaves on the shoots are very different from the old, being densely hirsute, elliptic-lanceolate, caudate acuminate, and serrulate ; similar but much larger leaves, 6-10 by 2-34 in., occur in Malayan specimens named A. rufa, Miquel, from Batsam and Suembu Pula (Hort. Bogor. No. 7311, 7302). Low sends from Perak as the Ipo (A. toxicaria) a species with oblong acute entire leaves 3-6 by 13- 3 in., which are scabrid above and hirsutely tomentose beneath ; and Pierre has the same as A. innoxia, Blume, from Cochin China. 19. CUDRANTA, Trecul. Shrubs or small trees, usually spinous, erect or scandent. Leaves alter- nate, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules lateral, small. Flowers dicecious in small naked globose heads, bracteolate. MALE rr. Sepals 3-5, oblong, obtuse, adnate to 2-4 bracts,imbricate. Stamens 4, erect, more or less adnate to the sepals. Pistillode subulate or 0. Fem. ru. Sepals broader than m the male, embracing the ovary. Ovary straight; style terminal, simple or 2-partite, arms stout or slender; ovule pendulous. Achenes enclosed 1n the enlarged fleshy bracts and perianth forming a globose fleshy head, ovoid, compressed, crustaceous. Testa membranous, albumen scanty ; cotyledons twisted and folded, equal or unequal, embracing the slender upcurve radicle.—Species 3 or 4? Asiatic, Australian and New Caledonian. Habit and foliage of Plecospermum. 1. C. javanensis, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. viii. (1847) 1235 branchlets pubescent, spines straight or recurved, leaves 1-3 in. oblong oF obovate to oblanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate glabrous, nerves slender 8-10 pairs, style 2-fid short. Brand. For. Fl. 425; Benth. Fl. Austral. v1. 179. C. amboinensis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 434. Cudranus Rumphii, Thwaites Enum. 262; Bedd. For. Man. 220, t. 27, f. 1. C. amboinensis, Miq. Ft. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 290. Maclura amboinensis, javanica & timorensis, Blume Mus, Bot. ii. 83, 84, t. 31. M. javanica, Mig. l. c. 280. Trophis spinosa, Blume Bijd. 489 ; Willd. Sp. PL iv. 734 (im part). Plecospermum cunel- folium, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 303; Wall. Cat. 4641 B, D. Batis fruticosa, Roxb. ? Wall. Cat. 4643 B. Morus Cudranus, Herb. Ham.—Cudranus, Rumph. Amb. v. 22, t. 15, 16. TnRoPICAL HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards to the Kaasta HILIS. CHITTAGONG, PERAK and MaraCcA. CEYLON, common in the drier par island.—DisTRIB. E. Africa, Malay Islands, Australia. ves A straggling or subscandent shrub, or small tree with drooping branchlets. Leani reticulate, base obtuse; petiole } in. or less. Flower-heads solitary or binate, un peduncled, pubescent; males } in. diam.; fem. smaller at first, $ in. diam. in PAIS Sepals of male 3-5, cuneate, unequal, hairy. Fem. fl. more or less incurvec ; sets 4, tips thickened, velvety. Fruit 2-3 in. diam., glaucous green, velvety.— T ina C. javenensis (Ic. t. 1960), founded on the Morus scandens, Hort. Calc. from China, differs in the obovoid or subclavate fem. heads and very long style-arms. Bu RMA, ts of the Cudrania.) CXXXVI. URTICACEA. (J. D. Hooker.) 539 2. €. fruticosa, Wight ex Kurz For. Fl. ii. 494; branchlets glabrous, spines curved, leaves 4—6 in. oblong or elliptic subcaudate-acuminate gla- brous, nerves 3—4 pairs very strong beneath, styles slender deeply 2-fid. Batis fruticosa, Roxb. 9 Wail. Cat. 4643 A. KnasrA Hirzs, alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. 4 T. T. CHITTAGONG, AVA and UPPER NASSERIM, Kurz. A large scandent shrub. Leaves membranous, base rounded, laxly reticulate ; petiole 4-3 in., glabrous, Flower-heads globose, the size of a pea, puberulous ; females in pairs on stout puberulous peduncles 3-}in. long. Fruit the size of a cherry, glaucous green, velvety. Achenes the size of a large pea, ovoid, protruding from the fleshy perianths.—This description is taken from Kurz, who gives Wight as the authority for the specific name, which I do not find elsewhere published. 3. C. pubescens, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. viii. (1847) 123; branchlets pubescent, spines straight, leaves 4-6 in. ovate or ovate-lanceo- ate cuspidately acuminate puberulous above softly pubescent beneath, nerves very strong beneath, style simple slender. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 435; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 290. Prev and MARTABAN, ascending to 3000 ft., Kurz.—DrsTRIB. Java. An evergreen woody climber; stem lenticellate. .Leaves membranous, base rounded; petiole 1 in. Flower-heads globose in pairs; peduncles long, slender, puberulous. Fruit the size of a large cherry, fleshy, compact, velvety, wrinkled, glaucous green, (Descr. from Kurz.) 20. ARTOCARPUS, Forst. (by G. King). , Evergreen trees. Leaves often very large, alternate, coriaceous, entire or Pinnately lobed, peuninerved; stipules various. Flowers moncecious, densely crowded on globose or oblong unisexual solitary axillary (rarely terminal) receptacles, often mixed with peltate bracts. MALE FL. Perianth 2-4-lobed e, Partite; lobes obtuse, concave, valvate or slightly imbricate. Stamen 1, Ace, Pistillode 0. Fem. rr Perianths tubular, connate, and con- fluent below with the receptacle, mouth minute. Ovary straight; style t ntral or lateral, stigma entire, rarely 2-3-fid; ovule pendulous. Fi ruit a rge fleshy oblong cylindric globose or lobed receptacle, clothed with the catly enlarged fleshy perianths and carpels (anthocarps) which have arvened spinous or truncate or pyramidal or plane tips. | Achenes deep ly sank in the fleshy mass. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight or incurved, ab ledons fleshy equal or uuequal, radicle very short, superior.—Species oth 40, Tropical Asiatic and Pacific. «ot the ue following descripti mainly taken from Dr. King’s monograph o Indian Species to be published in the Annals of the Calcutta Botanical Gardens, " t 4. incisa, Linn. f, the bread-fruit tree (Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 927; Bot. Mag. cud 9-2871), a native of the Pacific Islands, with pinnatifid leaves, 1s occasionally vated in the hottest parts of India. Secr. T, Fruit spinous or tubercled (tips of the anthocarps mame arp spine or tubercle). * Poy. Fruit spinous. sh T Fruit globose or subglobose. l. A. Forbesii, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. ; leaves elliptic- 540 CXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Artocarpus. oblong or -obovate glabrous shining, fruit subglobose lobed nearly glabrous, spines conical shining. PERAK, King’s Collector.—DrisTRIB. Sumatra. A glabrous tree, attaining 60 ft.; branches glabrous. Leaves 3-5} in., obtuse or cuspidate, base narrow; nerves 5-6 pairs; petiole 11-2 in. Fruit 4-8 in. diam., irregularly lobed; spines } in. and less, stout, spreading, recurved, glabrous, per- forate. 2. A. bracteatus, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined.; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate tip rounded puberulous or glabrous above softly or subhispidly puberulous beneath, fruit globose bracteate at the base, spines straight slender terete smooth. A. rufescens, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 431 (not of Miquel). Matacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4663), Maingay (K. D. 1476). . A tree ; branchlets stout, annulate, fulvous-pubescent. Leaves 6-8in., reticulate ; nerves 10 pairs; petiole 1 in., puberulous; stipules ovate, acute, silky. Fruit pedun- cled, basal bracts 3—4.—** This is the A. rufescens of Kurz, but not of Miquel (F/. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 420), which that author has subsequently (Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii, 211) reduced to A. Tampang, which is a variety of A. Lakoocha, Roxb.” (G. ting). 3. A. calophylla, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 431; leaves broadly ovate or oblong scaberulous above tomentose or pubescent beneath base rounded or subcordate, fruit globose ebracteate, spines straight terete hispid. King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. UPPER TENASSERIM, Falconer, Kurz. . A medium-sized tree, shoots deeply striate and rugose. Leaves 4-6 in., acute, mucronate, base not narrowed ; nerves 9-11 pairs ; petiole $ in. or less ; stipules ovate- lanceolate, tomentose. Fruit 4-5 in. diam.; peduncle }—3 in., tawny-tomentose ; spines } in., perforate. Seeds} in., oblong or ovoid.—Fruit of A. echinata, but leaves very different. King throws doubt on the fruit (collected by Kurz) and the leaves (by Falconer) belonging to the same species. 4. A. rigida, Blume Bijd. 482 ; leaves oblong or oblong-obovate obtuse mature glabrous above tomentose hispidulous or glabrate beneath bn pubescent nerves base narrowed, fruit globose ebracteate, spines straig i narrowly conical angled scabrid or hispid. Kurz For. FL ii. 431; Trecut in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, viii. 114; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 286; King “7 Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined. A. echinata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 527; Trec 1. c. 113; Wight Ic. t. 680; Miquel l. c.; Wall. Cat. 4658 (in part). cuspidata, Griff. Notul. iv. 400. [n Burma, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 4669). Prax, King's Collector, Scortechint: PrwawG, Roxburgh. MALACCA, Griffith (K. D. 4664), Maingay (E. D. 1474). Distris. Malay Islands. hase A tree, 50-80 ft.; shoots strigose. Leaves 4—7 in., hard, obtuse or subacute, mE rounded or acute, above at first scaberulous; nerves 10-12 pairs; petiole 1 d stipules lanceolate, strigose. Male receptacle 1 in. diam., globose ; peduncle hisp in. sepals 2, ovate, obtuse, hispid; bracteoles with flat ciliate tips. Frut about diam., spines $ in. Seeds j in., ovoid or oblong. tt Fruit oblong or ovoid. 5. A. Kunstleri, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined.; leaves e large ovate-oblong narrowed at both ends young coarsely serrate appre hairy beneath, fruit oblong, spines strongly reflexed hispidly tomentose. Artocarpus. | CXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 541 Perak, King’s Collector. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1484). A tree, 40-60 ft. ; branchlets annulate, fulvous-tomentose. Leaves 9 in. to 3 ft. by 6-15 in., minutely strigose above; nerves 10-12 pairs; petiole 13-3 in.; stipules 4-7 in., sheathing the buds, ovate-lanceolate, fulvous-tomentose. Male heads cylin- ric, 4-5 in., pubescent, cream-cold. ; peduncle (of both sexes) 2-3 in. ; sepals 2, ovate, concave, hispid. Fruit 4—7 in., yellow ; bracteoles 0. 6. A. hirsuta, Lamk. Encycl. iii. 201; leaves broadly ovate elliptic or obovate subacute glabrous except the hispidulous strong nerves beneath, fruit ovoid, spines straight cylindric hispid. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 521; Brandis For, Fl. 426 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 308; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl.193; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 331; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 244; Wight Ic. t. 1957. A. pubescens, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 189; Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, vil. 122; Wall Cat. 4656; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 39. Decoan PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards, ascending to 4000 ft. A lofty tree ; branchlets, stipules, petioles, midribs and peduncles strigose. Leaves 9 in, entire, base slightly narrowed ; nerves 7-11 pairs; petiole 3—1 in. ; stipules about as long, lanceolate. “Male heads pendulous, 4-6 in., slender, narrowly cylin- me; sepals 2, united below ; bracteoles chaffy. Fruit erect, size of a lemon; spines 0., perforate. Seeds 1-3 in., ovoid. ** Fruit tubercled, i.e. with flattish rarely acute tips of the antho- Tps. t Fruit oblong or cylindric. 7. A. integrifolia, Linn. f. Suppl. 412; leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate acuminate entire or Sched tose acute rather rough beneath, Stipules large spathaceous lanceolate, fruit large oblong or clavate, antho- pes Pyramidal. Zrecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, vii. 115; Roxb. Cor. Lt. 250, and Fl, Ind. iii. 599. Griff, Notul. iv. 402; Brand. For. FI. 25; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 432; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 244; Bedd. For. an, 219; Wight Ic. t. 678; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 3829; Wall. Lat. 4654 ; King in’ Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined.; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 287 ; Bot. Mag. i. 2833, 4. Sitodium caulifloram, Gertn. Fruct. i. 345, t. T1, 72. “Eheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 26—28. Polyphema Jaca, Lour. Fl. Coch, 547. C Deccan PENINSULA, native of the forests of the Western Ghats, Beddome. erated throughout the hotter parts of India and Eastern Asia. ; Leame ree evergreen tree, attaining 60 ft.; shoots and nearly all parts gla rous, ne 4-8 iu. thickly coriaceous, dark green, those of young plants often obed ; oun’ 7-8 pairs ; petiole 1-1 in., rather slender; stipules glabrous. Plower- eads tate, d by spathaceous deciduous stipular sheaths, axillary and terminal, often 2- bracet peduncles 4 in., at first slender; male cylindric, 2-6 in. by 1-2 in. imn. ; racteoles 0; sepals 2, oblong or spathulate, tips pubescent. Fruit 1-2} ft. long. eeds size ofa nutmeg, oblong or reniform, testa coriaceous.— The discovery of this Plant in a wild state by Beddome is a very interesting one.— The Jack fruit. 8. A . ; Bot. iv. (1875) 331; * Peduncularis, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1v. (. ; leaveg ovate or ovate-oblong obtuse base rounded, fruit erect entire or lobed . aia tie, anthocarps pyramidal subacute smooth. King in Ann. Bot. Gard. res AK, King's Collector, NICOBAR ISLANDS, Kurz. both ree, 40-50 ft.; branchlets annular, puberulous. Surfaces ; nerves 6-7 pairs; petiole 13-2 in. ; stipules as long, Leaves 5-7 in., glabrous on linear-lanceolate, 542 CXXXVI URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Artocarpus. appressed pubescent. Flower-heads of both sexes erect, cylindric ; peduncles 23- 35 in. ; male 23 in. long, very slender, ebracteolate ; sepals 2, oblong, obtuse, hairy. Fruit immature, 2-24 by 1 in. diam.; anthocarps 4-5-angled. Seeds few, i in. long. 9. A. Lowii, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined.; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate acute glabrous or puberulous base narrow, stipules very long, young fruit cylindric-oblong, anthocarps pyramidal obtuse or subacute smooth. Perak, King’s Collector. A tree, 50-70 ft.; branchlets, petioles and peduncles sparsely hairy. Leaves 9-11 in., thinly coriaceous, minutely reticulate beneath; nerves 10-11 pairs; petiole 14 in. ; stipules 21-3 in., narrowly lanceolate, puberulous. Male heads 3-4 m. slender, erect ; bracteoles ligulate; sepals 2, ovate, truncate, hirsute. Fruit imma- ture, 2-3 in., erect, oblong, glabrous; anthocarps 4—5-angled. 10. A. Polyphema, Persoon. Syn. ii. 521; leaves ovate-oblong or subobovate cuspidate strigose beneath, stipules large, fruit cy lindric-oblong, anthocarps low pyramidal puberulous. Blume Bijd. ii. 481; Trecul 1n Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 9, viii. 115; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 286 ; Wall. Cat. 4659; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. Polyphema Champeden, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 547. PENANG, Wallich, King's Collector. Mauacca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 4667), Maingay (K. D. 1473).—DıstRIB. Malay Islands, Cochin China. A tree, 20-25 ft. in Perang ; shoots, petioles, peduncles, stipules and leaf-ner beneath strigose. Leaves 34-8 in., opaque above with pubescent nerves, shining beneath, young densely clothed with tawny bristles ; nerves 5-9 pairs; petiole 3 1n. ; stipules 1-1} in., lanceolate, convolute. Flower-heads erect, cylindric ; males 1-14 m., ebracteolate; peduncle as long, slender; sepals 2, thick, oblong, truncate, pubescent. Fruit 2 in, by 1 in. diam., cylindric, not lobed. f-nerves 1l. A. Maingayi, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined.; ier elliptic-obovate obtuse base narrowed scaberulous above appressed-pubescen beneath, petiole slender, stipules small, fruit obovoid-cy lindrie surface tessellate, anthocarps broad truncate. PERAK, Scortechini, King's Collector. MALACCA, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1481); A tree, 20-40 ft. ; branchlets slender, striate and annulate, scaberulous. “00 2}—4 in., rigid, reticulate beneath, base narrowed; nerves 8-9 pairs; petiole à ID» pubescent ; stipules j in., lanceolate, silky. Male heads 11-2 in., cylindric, slender, rugulose ; peduncle j in., pubescent; bracteoles 0; sepals 2, flat, square. Fruit | " long ; anthocarps flat, scaberulous.—King remarks that this differs from the denor P tion of Miquel’s 4. Dadah in the leaves narrowed at the base (not rounded) and the nerves meeting the midrib at a different angle. 12. A. Scortechinii, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined. 5 leaves ovate-oblong obtuse base narrowed softly pubescent beneath, stipules large fruit cylindric, anthocarps truncate scaberulous. PERAK, King’s Collector, Scortechini. A tall tree, 60-80 ft. ; branchlets annulate, warted, puberulous. Leaves dly rigid, puberulous above, especially on the nerves; nerves 14-16 pairs, LL pubescent ; petiole 1} in., puberulous; stipules 2-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, silky, marg ; recurved, Fruit long peduncled, immature, 21 in. by 1} in. diam.—Foliage ° Kunstleri, King. 8-16 in. ovate 13. A. nobilis, Thwaites Enum. 262; leaves large broadly nded, cuspidate coarsely crenate glabrescent base obtuse narrowed oF rou Artocarpus.] CXXXVI URTICACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) . 543 stipules very large, fruit oblone transversely constricted, anthocarps broad Pyramidal truncate. Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 309; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. A. pubescens, Moon Cat. 61. CEYLON ; in the central and southern districts, ascending to 2000 ft. , A large tree, 40-50 ft. ; branchlets, peduncles, petioles, stipules and nerves beneath hispidly scabrid. Leaves 6-14 in., more or less scaberulous on both surfaces, on young plants pinnatifid ; nerves about 9 pairs ; petiole 1-13 in., stout ; stipules 3-5 in., Spathaceous, Flower-heads erect, oblong ; peduncles 3 in., stout; bracteoles in both sexes hairy, peltate ; male 3-6 in. by $-3 in. diam. ; sepals 2, broad, truncate. Fruit 6-8 in. by 34-4 in. diam. ; anthocarps 4-5-angled. Seeds } in. diam., subglobose. tt Fruit globose. l4. A. lancesefolia, Rorb. Fl. Ind. iii. 527 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong obtusely cuspidate glabrous on both surfaces, stipules small, fruit globose, anthocarps truncate pubescent. Wight Ic. t. 679; poni in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, viii. 122; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 259; mgm Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. . Di PENANG, Roxburgh. PERAK, King's Collector. Maracca, Maingay (Kew strib. 1478), . A tree, 60-80 ft., glabrous except the flower-heads, fruit and stipules ; shoots annulate, Leaves 9-14 in. base narrowed; nerves 8-10 pairs; petiole 3-1 me 5 Stipules 2-2 in, ovate-lanceolate, appressed hairy. Flower-heads on peduncles, i n.; male obovoid-cylindric, 4-1 in. by } in. diam, ; sepals 2, narrow, entire o! 2M bracteoles almost funnel-shaped, entire or lobed, ciliate. Fruit about 3 in. làm, pubescent, 15. A. Cha lasha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 525; leaves obovate rounded or oblong tip broad rounded or cuspidate entire serrate or lobulate base Aatron obtuse or subcordate scabrid on both surfaces, stipules large, frait Rlobose, anthocarps hispidulous. Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, viii. 1 3» ight Te. +. 682; Brandis For. Fl. 426; Kurz For. Fl. i. 432 ; Gamble inq” d. Timb. 331; Wall. Cat. 4657; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. Transgangetic India, from BENGAL, SIKKIM and ASSAM, to TENASSERIM and the ANDAM AN ISLA ' NDS. p hoa deciduous tree, attaining 150 ft. ; shoots rough. Leaves 7-12 in., on young ai 1-2 ft. and often pinnatifid, thinly coriaceous ; nerves 8-10 pairs, app Fl Ty or hispid ; petiole 4-2 in., stout, hispid ; stipules 1j in., spathaceons, e pubes eads globose, long-peduncled, males size of a nutmeg ; bracteoles pelate del Sepals 2, narrow, 2-fid. Fruit 3-4 in. diam., nodding, globose, no . in., oblong, Sacr. IT, Fruit smooth (tips of the anthocarps truncate and flat). 16. A.L 8i .] oblong elliptic or : bakoocha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 524; leaves ca ni ate cuspidate Softly pubescent beneath base usually rounded, in Paes Small, fruit globose sublobed smooth or wrinkled glabrous. ; “ i V; nu Sc. Nat. Sor. 3, vii. 117; Thwaites Enum. 262 (ere ale, ( Gif,’ Te t. 681; Brandis For. Fl. 426; Kurz For. Fl ii. 433; por 339^ Bom}, Fl. 944. Bedd For. Man. 219; Gamble Man. Ind. me ; Wall, Cat. 4665; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. A. mollis, all. Cat, 466). nid se ICAL HIMALAYA, ascending to 4000 ft., from Kumaon eastwards to DURMA, ron to TRAVANCORE and MALACCA. xn 544 CXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J.D. Hooker) ([Artocarpus. A large deciduous tree, attaining 60 ft.; branchlets softly tomentose or villous. Leaves 4-12 in., thinly coriaceous, above glabrous or puberulous, reticulate beneath, young sometimes serrate; nerves 8-12 pairs; petiole 1-1 in., pubescent, at length glabrous ; stipules } in., lanceolate, pubescent. Flower-heads shortly peduncled, pubes- cent ; male j—1 in. diam., oblong or globose, pubescent; bracteoles clavate, puberu- lous. Fruit 2-3 in. diam. Seeds oblong. Var. malayana, King l. c.; leaves more uniformly elliptic and narrower, pedun- cles 1 in., male sepals fleshy, fruit 14 in. diam. — Perak, King’s Collector. 17. A. Denisoniana, King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. ined. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or -ovate cuspidate base narrowed rarely rounded beneath glaucous or subpuberulous, stipules small glabrous, fruit obovoid not lobed smooth. Perak, King’s Collector. A tree, attaining 60 ft.; branchlets slender, grey, smooth, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 in., glabrous except the nerves and shining above; nerves 7—10 pairs; petiole il in., glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate. Flower-heads shortly peduncled ; males iu the upper axils 1-12 in. long, slender; bracteoles stipitate, peltate, ciliate ; sepals 4, oblong, truncate, hirsute, sometimes connate below, tips thickened. Fruit rugulose, at length smooth; bracteoles sessile, crowded, peltate.— King suggests this being possibly the Sumatran A. tephrophylla, Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 422), but that 1s described as having velvety golden stipules; in other respects the descriptions tally very closely. 18. A. Gomeziana, Wall. Cat. 4660; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong cuspidate glabrous shining above subpruinose beneath base rounded or obtuse, stipules small linear, fruit unevenly globose or ovoid. Kurz For. ii. 433 ; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. ined. A. rigida, A. pomiformis, Teijsm. & Binnend. in Nat. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. xxv. 400. _TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Wallich, Perak, King’s Collector. MALACCA, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1486). ANDAMAN IsLANDS, King’s Collector. : A medium-sized tree, quite or nearly glabrous, and subpruinose. Leaves 6-10 in, reticulate beneath between the 8-12 pairs of very strong nerves ; petiole ilm stipules sparingly hairy. Flower-heads on short pubescent peduncles, more or less globose or ovoid, or the males cylindric ; bracteoles of male broadly peltate, stipitate, puberulous; sepals 2, ovate, puberulous. Fruit smooth. g VAR. Griffithii, King mss.; smaller in all its parts, leaves 33-6 in. obiong or elliptic-oblong, fruit ovoid not shining or pruinose beneath.— Perak, Soorteehin King's Collector; Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4665), Maingay (K. D. 1482) 5 Penang, Curtis. 21. BALANOSTREBLUS, Kurz. A small nearly glabrous evergreen tree. Leaves alternate, penninerved, : axillary; MALE FL: y . tss ) Sepals 4, thick, obtuse, subvalvate. Stamens 4, erect in bud. Pistillode minute. Ovary included, half-superior; style short, bifid, arms 8 or thick villous; ovule pendulous. Fruit a globose drupe enclosed 1 B. ilicifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 247, t. 19, and For. FI. ii. 465. CHITTAGONG, Kurz, J. D. H, & T. T. Buamo, J. Anderson. PENANG, on Prang Islan’, King’s Collector. AVA, Kurt Wall. Cat. 4658 A. Balanostreblus.] cxxxvi. URTICACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 545 _Branchlets pubescent and rough. Leaves 1-3 in., very coriaceous, deep green, elliptic, orbicular, oblong, subrhomboid or lanceolate, tip and teeth spinescent, base acute or obtuse, subequal ; nerves few or many pairs, straight, reticulate and anasto- Mosing. Spikes l in.; male very dense-fld.; bracts rounded, ciliolate. Drupe red, tubercled and wrinkled, glabrous. 22. CONOCEPHALUS, Blume. Climbing shrubs often very large. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, penninerved, and sometimes 3-nerved ; stipules connate, intra- Petiolar. Flowers dicecious, in axillary usually cymose heads. Mate rr. ertanth tubular or turbinate 4-lobed or -partite, valvate. Stamens 2-4, erect in bud. Pistillode small. Fem. ru. Perianth oblong. or clavate, 4- obed. Ovary included ; style undivided, stigma linear oblique or recurved ; ovule erect, orthotropous. Acheneincluded. Seed erect, testa membranous, albumen scanty or 0; embryo straight; cotyledons fleshy or thin, equal, icle short superior.—Species about 10, Tropical Asiatic and Malayan. The species of this genus are (all but C. suaveolens) very imperfectly described. l. C. suaveolens, Blume Dijl. 483; glabrous, leaves elliptic ovate oblong or subobovate obtuse obtusely cuspidate or acuminate, base acute obtuse rounded or cordate glabrous or puberulous on one or both surfaces, la e m excessively branched cymes, heads very small, fem. of 3-5 much "ger heads, fem. fl. very shortly pedicelled oblong obtusely 4-tootbed. 3 urz For, Fl ii. 430; Benn. Pl. Rar. Jav. 47,5. 12; Miq. FT. Ind. Bat. para C. ovatus, pubescens, Roxburghii & suaveolens, Trecul in Ann. Se. t Ios". 3, viii, 87-90, t. 2, f. 37-41. C. naucleiformis, Lindl. Bot. Rej. I 203. C. gratus, Mig. Pl. Jungh. i. 43. Urtica nancleiflora, Roxb. Fi. Md. iii. 657; Wight Ie. t. 684; Wall. Cat. 4624; Griff. Notul. iv. 385. Tr Tropical forests of the EASTERN HIMALAYA and the Kuasra Mrs., southwards to NASSERIM and Matacca.—Disrris. Malay Islands, Cambogia. in mmense climber ; shoots glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves 6-10 Y bas m. dotted and streaked with cystoliths ; nerves 8-12 pairs, above the very sho! in b ; Petiole 2-6 in, ; stipules large, rusty-brown, smooth. Male heads 4 in. jam., im ^d shortly peduncled dichotomous cymes; stamens 3-4, Fem. heads 1 m. Am. ; : : ; - sh- "E Tracts rounded, concave, opposite, deciduous.— Flowers sweet scented, fle Au amoenus, King mss.; quite glabrous, branches very stout, leaves el by 5-7 in. elliptic or broadly oblong-ovate obtuse shortly 5-7-nerved at c ? cordate base, nerves 12-15 pairs above the basal, petiole 3-5 in., malo tings with very short thick branches, heads } in. diam. pink, flowers sess! edi lar angular 4-toothed, stamens 4, fem. heads fewer |-2 in. iam. toes as thick as the little finger, flowers shortly pedicelled shortly 4- Urtica superba & amoena, Wall. Cat. 4625, 4626. NANG, Porter, PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. 3. €. Scortechinii, King mss uite glabrous, branches slender -3 glabrous, NH, leaves 3-6 in, shortly petioled diliptic-oblong or -lanceolate and 6g Rate or subobovate and cuspidate, base acute or rounded, nerves ve Pairs basal 0, petiole 1-1 in., male cymes excessively branched, heads stamens and numerous 2 in. diam., perianth 4-lobed (or partite 7), s 4, filament very broad, fem. cymes sparingly branched, heads 546 CXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J.D. Hooker) [Conocephalus. 1-lin. diam. shortly stoutly peduncled, flowers shortly pedicelled, perianth obtusely 4-lobed. PERAK, Scortechini, King’s Collector. SINGAPORE, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1489). 4. C. subtrinervius, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl.417; glabrous, leaves 6-8 in. long-petioled oblanceolate rarely obovate-oblong cuspida e or acuminate finely reticulate beneath, base narrowed 3-nerved rounde acuto or cordate, nerves 6-8 pairs above the basal, petiole 2-4 in., heads Vin in very short axillary and rameal cymes shortly pedicelled, males im diam., perianth tubular 4-crenate, stamens 3-4, filaments slender, . heads 1 in. diam., flowers shortly pedicelled, perianth subclavate. PENANG and Maracoa, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4673), Maingay (K. D. 1487). PERAK, Scortechini, Kunstler. SINGAPORE, Lobb. . . h enclose The leaves are of a fine brown colour when dry; the reticulations beneath en silvery areoles. . : nti te 5. C. sp.? ; quite glabrous, leaves 12 in. long-petioled elliptic-obova obtuse, bane subacute nerves 10-12 pairs above the short basal very ly beneath, petiole 2-4 in. very stout, fem. heads 2 in. diam. shortly 5 hed pedicelled, fem. f. on pedicels very much longer than the oblong 4-to perianth. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1499). , The leaves bile those of a Bangka plant ticketed as Akar Kelange - Telangis (Teijsm. in Hort. Bot. Bogor. Nos. 7307, 7297). (There is quite a dile plant under this name, also from Hort. Bogor.) . : iptic 6. C. sp.?; quite glabrous, leaves 4-8 in. shortly petioled ep obtuse, base rounded, nerves 7-10 pairs above the very short basal, Pon a-l in. stout, male headsin pairsin very shortly peduncled cymes, pe 4-toothed, stamens 4, fem. heads as in C. suaveolens. Maracca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4675). PxNANG, Maingay (K. D. 1488). n. broadly trong; than eijsm. 7. €. sp.?; quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled 8 by 61 1 ovate cordate subacute, nerves 10-14 pairs above the short basa i petiole 3 in, fem. heads 1i in. diam., fem. fl..on pedicels longe the narrow perianth which is 4-cleft to the middle. ? C. azureus, d Binneud. in Tijdschr. Nedert. Ind. (1864) xxvi. 26. PrRax; Pluss River, Wray.—DrisTRIB,? Sumatra. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. g-nerved C. CONCOLOR, Dalzell in Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 239; “leaves 1 ft. oneal perfectly smooth oblong-ovate acute green on both sides, fem. fl. axillary. at the Phoonda Ghat. 23. PRAINEA, King mss. A lofty glabrous climber. Leaves alternate, quite entire, pen? Flowers of ‘both sexes in globose axillary pedicelled heads, mi toothed peltate bracts. Mare FL. minute. Perianth tubular, obtuse 2 Fes. Fl Stamen 1, filament short, thick; anther ovoid. Pistillode y upwards, much larger than the male. Perianthtubular-clavate, thickene 9-fid, mouth minute. Ovary included, free; style terminal, deeply * Prainea.] OXXXVI. URTICACEZ. (J.D: Hooker) 547 included; ovule erect, orthotropous. Fruit globose, of many dry abortive flowers and one or few oblong achenes enclosed in their enlarged fleshy perianths. Embryo exalbuminous, cotyledons plano-convex, radicle minute superior. P. scandens, King mss. Perak ; in dense forests, King’s Collector. _A climber, 50-100 ft.; stem 12-15 in, diam. Leaves 3-8 in., thinly coriaceous, elliptic. or obovate-oblong, quite smooth on both surfaces, yellowish brown when dry, base acute ; nerves 10-12 pairs, very slender; petiole 1—3 in., very slender. Male heads 4-1 in. diam., peduncle stout, 1-14 in.; bracts minute, hairy, long-stipitate. Fem. heads 14-2 in. diam. ; flowers $ in. long.— Habit of Conocephalus. 24. HULLETTIA (Kurzu, p.479), King mss. Diccious shrubs, branchlets tomentose. Leaves alternate, quite entire, Penninerved; stipuies small. Flowers 10-12, sunk in cavities of axillary peduncled open funnel-shaped 3-4 lobed receptacles. Mare FL. Perianths oblong, tubular, connate below and with the receptacle, tip free, 2-lobed or ‘toothed. Stamens 2, filaments connate in a column; anthers ovoid, erect. Pistillode 0. Vw. FL. Periunth tubular-clavate, mouth minute. Ovary "ee, clavate; style short, central, included, stigma minute; ovule erect, orthotropons. Fruiting receptacle subglobose or lobed, fleshy, 1-6 seeded ; pericarp membranous. Seed erect, subglobose or fiattened ; cotyledons sub- “qual, plano-convex, radicle minute included. dor thi Dr. King informs h ame Kurzia, which he originally proposed for this genus, is preoccupied and that he has replaced it by Hullettia, in recognition of Mr. ullett’s valuable contributions to a knowledge of the Singapore Flora. l H. Grifüthi j ; 1 ordate or rounded at the . ana King mss.; leaves C o or | ` t contracted base, peduncles elongate slender. Dorstenia Griffithiana, Kurz " Beng, As, Soc. Journ.; For. FL ii. 462. TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4676), Helfer (K. D. 4676). ._ n evergreen shrub, branches stout. Leaves 8-16 in., cuspidate, er ane Pns undulate, shining above, scaberulous beneath ; nerves 15-20 pairs, very Strong Neat » Spreading ; petiole 1l in.; stipules subulate, tomentose. Peduncles 3-2i., pubescent, Fruiting receptacles 1-2 in. diam., velvety ; involucral bracts minute, reflexed, I p ?. H. dumosa, King mss.; leaves acuminate at the base, peduncles “ery short stout. Prax, Scortechini, King’s Collector. ‘Sit and general characters of H. Grifithiana. 25. URTICA, Linn. Annual or erennial herbs, rarely suffruticose, with stinging hairs. Leaves opposites: toothed or lobulate, base 9-7-ner ved ; stipules late ral, free dr connate. Flowers mono- or dicecious, in axillary unisexua Str e 4 Ogynous Cymose clusters. MALE FL. Sepals 4, ovate, imbricate. ^ M > Inflexeq in bud. Pistillode cupular. Fem. FL. Sepals 4, outer usually uch smaller. Ovary straight, stigma sessile or subsessile, feathery or Penicillate ; ovule erect, orthotropous. Achene embraced by the eke, S, Void or oblong, compressed, membranous or thinly crustaceous. ve erect, the pericarp, albumen scanty, cotyledons rounded.— Species a ut 30, temperate and subtropical. 548 CXXXVI. URTICACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Urtica, U. pilulifera, Linn., the Roman nettle, a common European weed, occurs occa- sionally near Simla and elsewhere near houses in the hills. 1. U. hyperborea, Jacquem. mss. in Wedd. Monogr. 68; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 45; a low tufted undershrub pubescent between the small stinging hairs, leaves subsessile broadly coarsely toothed or ovate-cordate serrate, stipules in opposite intrapetiolar pairs, cymes small androgynous, inner fruiting sepals not armed hispid larger than the achene. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 12-17,500 ft., Jacquemont, Falconer, &c. EASTERN TIBET, north of Sikkim, alt. 16—17,000 ft., J. D. H. . Roots stout, woody; stems stout, ascending, densely tufted, 6-18 in., woody below. Leaves 1-2 in., glandular-puberulous beneath. Cymes very short, crowded. 2. U. parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 581; herbaceous, slender, monecious, glabrous or pubescent, stinging hairs copious stiff, leaves ovate or ovate-cordate or -lanceolate acuminate doubly crenate or serrate, stipules connate, cymes slender effuse axillary and forming an erect termina pyramidal panicle, inner fruiting sepals rounded twice as long as the outer. Wedd. Monogr. 85; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 55; Wight Ic. t. 690. U. ardens, Link. Enum. ii. 385. U. himalayensis, Kunth & Bouché in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser.-3, vii. 182. U. virulenta, Wall. Cat. 4586. TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-12,000 ft., from "Kashmir:to Mishmi. NILGHIRI HiLrs, at Ootacamund, Foulkes. led Root perennial; stem 3-5 ft., slender, sparingly branched, obtusely angíec. Leaves 1-4 in., membranous, wrinkled ; petiole 1-2 in. ; stipules ovate-oblong, entire, puberulous. Cymes shortly peduncled, lower males more simple; male an fruiting sepals hispid, _ 3. U. dioica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 984; herbaceous, monoecious OF dicecious, pubescent, stinging hairs copious, leaves ovate-cordate oblong oF lanceolate serrate, stipules usually free, cymes unisexual rarely androgy pone inner fruiting sepals longer than the outer. Wedd. Monogr. 77 ; DC. Proar: xvi. 1. 50; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 654; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 1146. . N.W. HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir and the Salt Range to Simla, alt. 8-10,700 ft. WESTERN TIBET, alt. 8-12,000 ft.— DisrRiB. Westward to the Atlantic. one . ish x Habit ot U. parviflora, but differing in the free stipules. —The common Englis Nett e, 26, FLEURYA, Gaud. Annual herbs, with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, toothed, 3-nerved; stipules connate in opposite pairs, or 0. Flowers mono- or dicecio” ; clustered, clusters in solitary axillary cymes or spikes, unisexual or androg? nous. MALE FL. Sepals 4-5, ovate-lanceolate, subvalvate or imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inflexed in bud. Pistillode globose or clavate. al Perianth cupular, 4-lobed, or sepals 4, imbricate, equal or very ely posticous hooded, anticous minute or 0. Ovary oblique ; style ob ovoid or linear, at length hooked, with sometimes 2 basal arms; arly erect. Achene oblique, compressed, exserted, membranous. See ran. exalbuminous, cotyledons broad.—Species 8, Tropical, and South Afr - Dr. King has sent me (from Herb. Hort. Caleutt.), as Pilea umbrosa, what | think, a species of Flewrya with tomentose branches, leaves and cymes ; it 18 Sikkim, in male fi. only. F. interrupta, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 497, t. 83; sung s er scattered, leaves ovate acuminate crenate or serrate base subcorda Fleurya.] CXXXYL URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 549 cate or cuneate, cymes spiciform or paniculate, usually mnch larger than the petiole, fem. perianth cupular, 4-lobed or -toothed stipitate, style unequally 3-lobed. Wedd. Monogr. 115, t. 1 A, f£. 9; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 74; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 238; Wight Ic. t. 1975; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. F. spicata & glomerata, Gaud. l. c. Urtica interrupta, Linn. Sp. Pl. 985; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 985; Wight Ic. t. 692; Wall. Cat. 4693. U. java- nica, Blume Bijd. 503. U.affinis, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 4, 69. U. lomatocarpa, Hochstett. in Bot. Zeit. xxxiii. 260. U. spicigera, Steud. omenct. ii. 736. Boehmeria javanica, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 79. B. in- terrupta, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 342—Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 110, f. 1, 2. Knasra HItts, Griffith. Tavoy, Gomez. Matacca, Hallett. DxccAN PE- TINSULA, from the Concan southwards. CEYLON, common. —DISTRIB. Malay and Pacific Islands, China, Abyssinia, Stem 2—4 ft., erect, flexuous, furrowed, branched. Leaves 2-6 in., sparsely clothed with stinging hairs ; petioles as long as the blade; stipules 2-fid. Cymes 6- n., very slender, erect, branchlets recurved. Fem. perianth compressed, i keeled 9n one side, the keel decurrent on the stipes, reflexed, exposing the cordate ene. 27. LAPORTEA, Gaud. „Perennial herbs, shrubs or trees, with (sometimes very minute) stinging ars, Leaves alternate, entire or toothed, 3- or penninerved. Stipules in 9bposite free or connate pairs. Flowers mono- or diccious, in axillary paniculate usually unisexual cy mes or racemes, upper cymes usually very long and male, flowers and fruit often reflexed. Mate FL. Sepals 4-5, sub- Valvate. Stamens 4-5, inflexed in bud. Pistillode clavate or subglobose. EM. FL. Perianth-lobes or segments 4, subequal or outer small, one some- times absent, Ovary at length oblique; style linear, papillose on one side ; ovule erect, Achene oblique, flattened or compressed, membranous or eshy, Seated on the perianth, sometimes obliquely stipitate. Seed sub- ae >Uminons, cotyledons broad.—Species about 25, Asiatic, Australian, "ean and a few North American. b Sect. I. Scrersion, Wedd. Fem. sepals 4, very unequal; pedicels Toadly winged. l. L. ter t Ie. t. 1972; herbaceous, glabrous or pubes- Tae stinging hate fo a maa, leaves orbicular to oblong-obovate or ..nceolate acuminate coarsely toothed or serrate base rounded or sub cordate, male cymes axillary, fem. subterminal panicled long-peduncled, Diels spathulate broadly winged, fem. sepals very unequal, achenes parply deflexed. Wedd. Monogr. 125, t. 2 C, f.1. L.evitata, Wedd. in Mr smooth, pubescent or Sca : : * etincei airs on both surfaces; berulous above, very variable in the amount of stinging hairs the petioles, Petiole slender, 13-6 in.; stipules X Pedum [es Sepals subequal, pubescent. Fem. cy pu cied; branches and branchlets divaricate ; scent, Achene slightly tubercled on the faces. 2. X. ol Wi 141, and in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 87 ; * Oleracea edd. Monogr. , an . . srarly glabrous and stingless, leaves broadly ovate acuminate coarsely te base rounded subcordate or cuneate. 550 CXXXVI. URTICACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Laportea. SIKKIM Himataya; interior valleys, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J. D. H. This has the cymes in a very young state, and is, I think, a slight var. of L. ter- minalis with distinctly serrate (not toothed) leaves. 3. L. crenulata, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 498; shrubby, dicecious, branches unarmed, leaves from broadly elliptic ovate oblong to elliptic lanceolate acute or acuminate, clothed beneath and often above wt small stinging hairs, entire or sinuate crenulate above the middle, base rounded or cordate, cymes short flexuous suberect, fem. pedicels cylindric, sepals subequal, achenes ovate erect. Wedd. Monogr. 183, t. 2 C, f. 5; DU. Prodr. xvi. i. 85; Brand. For. Flor. 404; Kurz For. Flor. n. 421; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 300 ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 323; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i ii. 230. L. gigantea & latifolia, Gaud. l. c. t. 81. Urtica crenulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 591; Wight Ie. t. 686; Wall. Cat. 4611. U. gigantea, Poir. ? Encycl. Suppl. iv. 994. U. sinuata, Blume? Bijd. 605. U. Churta, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4608. Urera javensis & gigantea, Gaud. c. 496. U. crenulata & Commersoniana, Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, xin. 104, 105. Dendrocnide crenulata, Mig. Pl. JungA. i. 31. TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Sikkim eastwards, AssAM, the KHASIA Mrs. and southwards to PERAK. The Concan, Stocks. CEYLON, ascending to 5000 ft.— Distrrs, Sumatra, Malay Islands. Au evergreen shrub, 8-10 ft., or small tree; branches stout, terete, green. Lease 9-12 in., largest 16 by 12 in., base acute obtuse cordate or notched, nerves D pairs; petiole stout, 1-4 in.; stipules ovate lanceolate, Cymes longer than the petioles, dichotomously branched ; flower-clusters remote, often unilateral; flowers subsessile. Male perianth 4-partite; fem. subcampanulate, lobes acute. Achene oblique, ventricose, seated on the minute perianth, crowned with the style. 28. GIRARDINIA, Gaud. Herbs or undershrubs with stout stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, 9-nerved, entire or lobed, serrate; stipules connate, foliaceous. Flowers dicecious or moncecious, clustered, clusters in simple or panicled spikes or heads armed with stinging hairs. Mark FL. Sepals 4-5, valvate. Siame 4-5, inflexed in bud. Pistil/ode globose or cupular. FEM. FL. Perian tubular, ventricose, 2-3-toothed, at length split on one side. Ovary straight; stigma subulate, papillose; ovule erect. Achene broad, com" pressed, seated on the perianth, pericarp thickish. Seed sub-exalbuminoUs; cotyledons broad.— Species 7, Tropieal Asia and Africa. G. heterophylla, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 151, t. 153; 9 or coarse herb armed with very long stout stinging hairs, leaves large bron cordate variously lobed often palmately. coarsely toothed Peo jem, stipules large 2-fid, cymes peduncled lower male subcylindric, PP 7 ing with capitate clusters. Wedd. Monogr. 161; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 100; 938 ; Mus. Bot. ii. 158; Brand. For. Flor. 404; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL., 76; Gamble Mun. Ind. Timb. 393. Urtica heterophylla, Vahl Symb. wo Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586; Wight Ic. t. 687 ; Wall. Cat. 4603. U. divert & horrida, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 385. U. palmata, Hore: Ægupt. 159.— Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 41. " to TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Marri eastwards, ascende 5000 ft. Assam, SILHET and southwards to BURMA; and from Mavu CENTRAL INDIA to TRAVANCORE. CEYL: N, not uncommon.— DISTRIB. Jav ranches A tall stout erect tuíted herb, 4-6 ft., with perenrial roots; stem and Girardinia.] CXXXVI, URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 991 furrowed, pubescent hispid or hirsute. Leaves 4-12 in. long, often as broad, upper often palmately 3-5-lobed ; petiole 4-6 in. Male cymes loosely paniculate, shorter than the leaves, flowers subsessile hispid; fruiting cymes elongate, lobulate (14 in. long and pendulous in Mishmi specimens); perianths hispid. Achene broadly ovate or subcordate, punctate, black, style persistent.— The following are varieties. Var. G. PALMATA, Gaud. l. c. 498; leaves hirsute beneath, stipules large usually cordate, fruiting cymes elongate. Wedd. in DO.1.c.101. G. Leschenaultiana, Dene, HE Wedd. Monogr. 165. Urtica palmata, Leschen. U. acerifolia, Zenker Pl, ad. dec, i. t, 3, 4.—Nilghiri Mts. Ceylon, alt. 5-6000 ft. ar. G. ZEYLANICA, Dene. Lc. 152; leaves pinnatifidly lobed, stipules broadly Teate, cymes in reniform clusters, stinging hairs slender, Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 167, and in DC. J. c, 101; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 233. G. hibiscifolia, Miquel wae Jungh. i. 32. Urtica zeylanica, Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 232. U. heterophylla, git Te. t. 687.—Decean Peninsula and Ceylon. 29. PILEA, Lindl. Herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves in opposite equal or unequal pairs, entire or serrate, 3-nerved, very rarely penninerved; stipules connate into one Intrapetiolar. Flowers moneecious or dioecious, minute, in axillary long or short peduncled dichotomously branched cymes; bracts small or 0. ALE FL, Sepals 2-4, free or connate in a cup, often gibbous or horned at the back, Stamens 2-4. Pistillode conic or oblong. Fem. rr. Sepals 3, rarely 4, very small and unequal, dorsal longest, sometimes gibbous or hooded. Staminodes minute, or of scales, or 0. Ovary straight; stigma Sessile, Penicillate; ovule erect. Achene ovoid or oblong, compressed, Mbranous or crustaceous, embraced or not, and at the base only, by the Sepals. Seed erect, albumen very scanty, cotyledons broad.—Species abont » Tropical (none Australian). I have been b»ffled in m ts to correlate all the Indian species of Pilea, as named by Weddell (evidently im glent haste) in the Hookerian Herbarium, with the “criptions in his Monograph of Urticacew and in De Candolle’s Prodromus, and am low him satisfactorily in respect of their diagnoses, nomenclature and m The genus is an exceptionally difficult one, and I am not satis e h sown results, Of the characters most relied on, that of moncecious or icecious of little avail, for the sume species may be unisexual, or have male and fem. cymes or i . and unisexual eymes on the sume individual. Of the commoner Species the leaves are very variable in size and form, but there is usually a mani ced n those with large deep serratures, and those with small an A sha low impossible to say from dried specimens whether the stipule rem zx bed or have fullen away. The length of the peduncle of the cyme, and the the cymes of both sexes are so variable that it is of no use for xac o Enostic purposes. The male sepals vary as to the number in each flower t nat have dime Eibbosities or spurs, as does the length of these spurs. There is an d prions na rox ^6 between the female perianth of 3 subequal orbicular sepals, and that of one 8 en" Concave dorsal and two small lateral sepals or lobes. All of the Ln ian engi have fleshy staminodes on the fem. perianth -lobes, which ee a Me ened, inflexed, and by recurving elastically discharge the achenes. „Tho achenes the goo characters, but they are extremely minute, usually about yo d those with moot, có definite line to be drawn between those with granulate an aces, l l jare no materials that enable me to compare, the ny with the Malay Island > and therefore have but sparingly cited Malayan syno 2n . Linn Y^ little p. muscosa, Lindl. (P microphylia, Liebm., Urtica microphylla, the n), the “ gunpowder plant" (so called from the cloud of pollen lisc arge 0 Suthers when the plant is shaken), a common S. American species, has been in- 532 OXXXVL URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Pilea. troduced into India, and will no doubt soon be ubiquitous there. It occurs under two forms, as a creeping weed with very minute petioled elliptic or orbicular leaves 3g in. broad, in the streets of Calcutta (Harrington St., Clarke); and in a more erect form with spathulate leaves } in. long, on damp walls at Hoogly (Levinge), at Dacea, and in Perak (Kunstler), lt has been found also in Ceylon. It is a penninerved entire-leaved species, but the nerves are very obscure. A. Leaves penninerved throughout. -Achenes smooth. 1. P. ternifolia, Wedd. Monogr. 202; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 124; quite glabrous, stem erect usually simple, leaves opposite and ternately whorled subsessile linear or linear-oblong more or less coarsely serrate, cymes short lax or dense-fld., peduncles longer than the petioles, achenes minute oblong- ovate smooth. SrkxiM HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft., Griffith, &c. (Kew Distrib. 4520). Stem 10-18 in. from a thickened base, smooth, slender, rarely branched. Leaves 23-33 by 4—4 in., flaccid, base obliquely cordate, subglaucous beneath; nerves very many, close set; petiole 4!; in. ; stipules obscure. Cymes sometimes half as long as the leaves very slender and sparingly branched, at others short rounded or with spreading branches. Flowers and achenes very minute.—In the absence of the 3 nerves, this species suddenly departs from the typical condition of its near allies. “The incurved sepals eject the achene with elastic force ” (Clarke). B. Leaves 3-nerved, those of each pair unequal. Achenes smooth. 2. P. anisophylla, Wedd. Monogr. 193; DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. n suffruticose, dicecious, shoots petioles and peduncles more or less furfurous'y tomentose, leaves 3-nerved in unequal pairs, larger petioled obliquely oblong lanceolate caudate-acuminate base hastate or cordate, smaller sessile ovate deeply cordate auricled on one side, achenes smooth. Urtica anisophylla, Wall. Cat. 4594. EASTERN SUPTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nepal, Wallich; SrkxKiM, alt. 3-5000 ft. J. D. H., Clarke ; Bhotan, Grifith. Naga Hırs, alt, 6500 ft., Clarke. . Stem 2-3 ft., sparingly branched, rustily hairy. Leaves glabrous or strigos? beneath, larger 4-6 in., subfaleate, entire serrulate or crenulate ; petiole il ek smaller $ in. or 0; stipules small, triangular. Cymes half as long as the leave paniculate, peduncle longer or shorter than the petiole. Achene smooth. se VAR. robusta ; stem stouter, shoots petioles and cymes more densely tomentose small cymes very robust, flowers densely crowded along one side of the rac 5 and branches.—Sikkim, at Rungbee, alt. 5000 ft., Clarke (who states that it} monccious). i : Var. khasiana; larger leaves ovate or oblong, smaller petioled or sessile oblong base hastate.—Khasia Hills, at Moflong, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 4512), and Shil y^ alt. 5-6000 ft. ? Mishmi Hills, @rigith.—Male flowers more minute than 1m type; achenes not seen. The Mishmi specimens are imperfect. . 9. P. insolens, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 118; quite glabrow dicecious, leaves alternate or in very unequal pairs 3-nerved, larger Tess petioled broadly ovate caudate-acuminate remotely serrate more OF ub- base peltate or cordate, smaller sessile orbicular-ovate base cordate OT t . hustate, cymes very slender panicled, flowers very minute, achene amo’ Mishmi Mts. in UPPER Assam, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 1425). . d Stem 6-12 in., subsimple, terete, wants membranous, larger 2-4 in n Sa from the insertion of the petiole, cross-nervules distant; petiole 14-3 1m» 3 oblong-ovate. Cymes (fem. alone seen) as long or shorter than the leaves; rather scattered. Achenes very minute, obliquely ovoid. Pilea. ] CXXXVI. URTICAcEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 553 4. P. Clarkei, Hook. J:; dwarf, nearly glabrous, dicecious, leaves 3-14 in. in unequal pairs oblong ovate or lanceolate obtuse or subacute oblique or not sparingly serrate 3-nerved base cordate, cymes erect longer than the leaves sparingly branched, sepals half the length of the minute straight turgid orbicular-ovate smooth achene. Sikkim HIMALAYA; at Tchonpong, alt. 5000 ft., Clarke. Stems 3-6 in., simple or much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous, smaller from alf to two-thirds the size of the larger; petiole about half as long as the blade, Stipules broadly ovate obtuse. Cymes usually long-peduncled. Achene 44 in. long, pale, sometimes hardly longer than the broadly ovate or narrowly oblong dorsal pal, C. Leaves 3-nerved, subwhorled at the top of the stem, very unequal. 5. P. approximata, Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xv. 123; quite glabrous, dicecious, stem short naked below, leaves crowded and almost Whorled at the top of the stem lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate coarsely serrate 3-nerved, petioles very unequal, cymes very small on very long peduncles often subglobose few-fld., achenes smooth. P. ternifolia £., Herb, Ind. Or. H., L&T. TEMPERATE Srk rM. HIMALAYA, alt. 710,000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke, Treutler. — tem 4-8 in. from a tuberous base, slender. Leaves 1-4 in., very variable in length, lower pair sometimes distant, smaller ovate and oblong, obtuse, all the upper crowded and spreading, base rounded or subcordate; petiole 3—$ in. ; stipules minute. edunele of cymes much longer than the petiole; male sepals broad, shortly mu- cronate ; fem. very unequal, narrow, one or more nearly as long as the minute straight achene.—Mr. Duthie sends from the Jumna Valley (No. 580), Kumaon, y Dung plants of what may be a form of this with ovate leaves } in. long, or is perhaps ' Wightii, var, Roylei. D. Leaves 3-nerved, those of each pair subequal, quite or nearly entire. 6. P. smilacif Wedd. in Aun. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, i. 186 ; Monogr. 181; pc. Prodr. id 1 ; suffruticose, quite glabrous, dicecious, branches tpetlar, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate quite entire (rarely serrate at &. tip) 3-nerved, cymes shortly peduncled, achenes smooth. P. Gog ne glaberrima, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 53,54. P. miconisfolia, Mig. in Zoll. An Verzs. 106; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. ii. 235. U. glaberrima, Blume Bid. 93. U. smilacifolia, Wall. mss. U. Goglado, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4593. PAsTERN Tropica HIMALAYA ; from Sikkim to Mishmi, alt. 2-4000 ft. AM, Kitasra Mrs., Situ £v and CHITTAGONG.—DISTRIB. Java. bove, Leaves 3- tems 2-4 ft., very robust, woody below, many-angled, branched a ove, Does stipulas? membranous, narrowed into a petiole 1—4 in, cross-nervu es £ i g; Pules triangular or lanceolate persistent. Cymes often in pairs, very varia lef ieee and form, short and dense-fld., or lax and dichotomously branched ; d . E fem. sepals much shorter than the achene. Achene gg i. long, "Piles Mjuely ovoid.— In many respects this approaches P. scripta. The names Pilea smi ; - | Hacifolig, & miconiefolia appeared in the same year. 7. P. lancif . small, herbaceous,. quite glabrous, diecions, slender, leetes lomg-petinled subfalcately lanceolate acuminate satire or sparingly serrate towards the tip 3-nerved, cymes very slender