i » ks nf » x i . ‘ 3 . ; 5 be : we é i : Fi ie « 4 - * er n 4 . i a K F © « , * : 3 E k : i* “ r As b © Mi % wh te : “ é as : r re i ‘ fe : oe eee ; ; ; | ¢ A) . Y ‘t . _ ed ” : ' 4 e * t if ” ‘ a ‘ ' Pa - abel 1 * e ; - t / * } is as Ut Rea / hy eat f : : he & < ; x : . * id . 5, ‘ et : t . : ‘ . i ~ 4 d ‘ <q j ‘ ‘ , : ' ‘ ° 3 a4 os a : dp) | : ay ¢ : an ¢ ee ie s ; i as, a Bre — , _ rf ; : : , x . 4 ne Be — 2 x ' * j ¥ ; r i 3 “1 is ; F - 3 + 3 =| ‘ ‘ f . » ae a i ’ + & AN i cag i ‘ : Boe). SS ‘ perk ‘ RO © 4 ‘
2. eit: AIT
bs oe ee
Ae ses we
A SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT BRITISH PLANTS;
INTRODUCTION TOT HE STUDY OF BOTANY.
ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER-PLATES.,
BY WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D. F.R.S. Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon; Fellow of | the Linnean Society ; Honorary Member of the Royal Medical Soctety at Ediuburgh, &c,
THE FOURTH EDITION, IN FOUR VOLUMES: ; CORRECTED AND ENLARGED BY WILLIAM WITHERING, ESQ. Of the College of Glasgow and University of Edinburgh; Extras ordinary Member of the Royal Medical Society ; ellow of the Linnean Society, §c.
‘* Primus gradus sapientiz est res ipsas nosse.’? Linn Sa RIN ** Increscunt quotannis Scientiz, emendantur quotidie, et ad fastigium suum optatum sensim sensimque, plurium virorum opera et studie junctis, feliciter properant.’’ ‘THUNBERG.
VOL. III.
LONDON: PRINTED FOR T. CADELL, JUN. AND W. DAVIES, G. AND J« ROBINSON, WYNNE AND SCHOLEY, J. WALKER, Je CUTHELL, AND JAMES WALLIS.
1801,
MissouR! BOTANICAL GARDEN LIBRARY
’ | k e i ‘
ae
CLASS ‘All. ICOSANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA. PRU’NUS. Cal. iors 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Drupa
with an entir [Cratzgus. ] DIGYNIA. CRAT#’GUS. Cal. raed 5 cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: erry with 2 see [Prunus insitia.] — TRIGYNIA. SOR’BUS. Cal. superior, 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Berry with 3 seeds,
PENTAGYNIA. MES’PILUS. Cal. superior, 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Berry with 5 seeds.
sian Cal. superior, 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Fruit a Pomum, with 5 cells and many seeds.
SPIRH’A. Cal. beneath, 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Cap-
sules many, crowded together.
POLYGYNIA.
RO/SA. Cal. 5-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Cup like a berry, eeds.
with many se
RU’BUS. Cal. 5-cleft: Bloss, 5 petals: Berry com- pound.
VoL. IIL. | G G
446
Pa’ a
ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Prunys. ee Cal. 8-cleft: Bloss. 4 petals: Seeds
pink Cal. 5 to 10-cleft: Bloss. 5 to 8 petals: Seeds many with woolly awns. FRAGA’RIA. Cal. 10-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Seeds many, deciduous, situated upon a receptacle resembling a ber
erry.
POTENTIL’/LA. Cal. 10-cleft: Bloss. 5 petals: Seeds many, awnless,
GE’UM. Cal. 10-cleft: = 5 patals: Seeds many,
- with a knee-jointed aw
CO’MARUM. Cal. 10-cleft : "Blass. 5 petals: Seeds many, permanent, upon a fleshy receptacle. [Spirea, Sempervivum tectorum. ]
———— MONOGYNIA. ; PRU’NUS. Cahe 5-cleft; beneath: petals 5:
drupa \-celled, closed at the top: aut with projecting seams.
P. Flowers in bunches: ty deciduous, with 2 glands at the base on the un
FI. dan. 205—Ger. 1322. Sikes 6 7+ 1—Ger. em. 1504. G- FJ. B, i. a. 228—Lob. obs. 593. 2-Park. 1517.3, . ~ Bunches from below the leaves. Petals serrated, not nicked as in P. Cerasus. Linn. Cad, finely serrated; wit thin at. the —s — with numerous woolly hairs. Petals finely serrated. Stam. Birds Cherry. Wald Gluster Shee Woods and hedges in the northern counties. Ina lane between Temple Mills and Epping Forest. [About Inglcboroogh, Yorkshire. Curt.— Woods in Norfolk, common. Mr. Woopw.—Hedges at ore ford, Stafford. Mr. Prrr.—Woods by thi Tees. Mr. Rosso A few miles age of of Manchester very common in woods cal ges. Mr. Can S. wip
* It grows well in woods, groves, or fields, but not in a moist soil. It bears lopping, and suffers the grass to grow oe ong it. The fruit is
agree able flavour. A strong decoction of the bark is ut by the Finlanders to eure venereal complaints; which practice is corroborated b
ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Prunus. 447
P. Umbels mostly on short ve enna Fe: et egg-spear- Ce’rasus. shaped, smooth, doubled togeth ; _* bot. 706-Sheldr. 54.1 and Soi dosh 188.1... 181. ; . 11.—-Blackw. 449—Matth. 233, and 235—Dod. 808. 4 1—Ger. Foz, 1-Ger. 1319. 1—Fuchs. 425-F. Bui 1. @ ; 220-Trag. 1026—Lonic. i. 18; 2. ! Leaf-scales toothed. Floral-leaves 3-cleft, serrated ; the in- termediate one leafy. ‘The terminating duds producing leaves, the lateral ones flowers, which are from the last year’s shoots Blossoms white. Fruit red. Linn. Wild Cherry-tree. pecan and hedges not uncom- mon ; but probably from the stones e garden varieties drop- by birds. Ray.—[In Hertfordshire gtowing to a large size. r. Woopwanrp. | T. May.*
P, Umbels sitting: leaves ceg-spear-shaped downy un- a’vium. derneath, doubled toge Ludw. 108-Blackw. Lesa 54. 5—Ger. 1323. 11.
: Leaf-stalks with 1 or 2 3 towards the end. Umbel sit- | ting, 3-flowered. Flowers on fruit-stalks, from the shoots of the i
last year but one. IJnvolucr. 4-leaved. Linn. Black Cherry-tree.Mazzards. Beige in an Ray. (Herts. Mr. Woopw.] T. May. ¥
P. Fruit-stalks mostly ey earns ree domes’tica, 7 coiled; branches thornles
i mony of M. Broerland in the Stockh. trans. He directs 6 ounces of the dry, or 8 of the fresh bark, to be boiled in 8 to 4 pints of water. The 4 se is 4 ounces 4 times aday.—It alone cures the slighter infections, ae and combined with Mercury facilitates the cure of the severer states mA the sease, esa and a decoction of t erries is sometimes given wit success in the dysentery. The wood being smooth and tough is made into i i ows
“* 4 ey =
23 are
[3 2
oF ao)
e.
wea a et ~~ . a9
2 A nal ~ 5
a 4 =.
=]
o
g °
are not fond of it. Boom ae
re Mt neler situation. The gum that poe from this tree is anil to arabic. Hasselquist relates, that more than 100 men, duringa seat, wae kept alive for near two months,
mouth sometimes, and suffered gradually to dissolve. The common peo-
ple eat the fruit either fresh or dried ; and it is jee! infused in brandy
tor the sake of its flavour. The wood is a and tough. It is used y
the turner, and is formed into chairs i to imitate mahogany.
This tree is the — stock from which 1 sey of the oultienead kinds . Lin
a
Ue ee ee ee ¥
+ It gr ores sare in a rich saben on the sides of hills, —— with other trees. cropping, and suffers the grass to rit. In Hert- fordshire there i is a cultivated variety, . called NB es New which are larger, Mr. D
ee
.
448
47
insiti‘tia.
<
spino’sa.
ICOSANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Prunus.
Woodv. 85-Park. 1512. 1-Ger. 1311. 1—Matth, 265—Lonie. ,
i. 52. 1—Fuchs. Sree 1019—Dod, .805—Lob. ob:. 595. 2-Ger. em. 1497.1 Leaves, when expanding com the bud, coiled. Floweri rin buds producing no leaves. Linn, Calyx sometimes 6-cleft. Style crooked. Prunus communis domestica. Huds.—Plamb-tree. Common Plum Hedges, [probably from the bois of the cultivated. varieties accidentally dropped there, Sr. } T. April.*
P. F gam in pebt em pnts pcre -shaped, slightly wool- y, coiled: brane E. bot. 84 ef aaa rane is @ Var. P. domestica.) Ss lar ge as P. domestica. Branches reddish brown, smooth,
_ appearing like an outer cap. Flowers sbiied larger than those.
of P. domestica. Sole straight. Fruit black ; but Mr. Relhan says sometimes the colour -wax. Bullace Plumb. Black Bullace:Tree. Hedges. T. April.t
P. Fruit-stalks solitary: leaves spear-shaped, smooth: branches thorny.
Fl. dan. 926-E. bot. 842-Sheldr. 73-Woodv. 84—Fuchs. 404—Trag. 1016-F. B. i. a. 193—Lonic. i. 51—Blackwe 494—Matth. 266—Dod. 753. 2-Lob. obs. 595. 1—Ger. ems 1497. 5—Park. 1033—Ger. 1313. 1. 2.
s spear-egg-shaped, serrated ; aeoaipes terminated by
Leave. an excretory duct, the terminating one blunter and shorter. Leaf- Linn. | Styles sometimes 2 Black-thorn. Sloe-tree. Scrogs. Hedges. T. Marc, April 5
t loves a lofty exposure, and is favourable to pasturage. The v ricties have probably agate ‘from the red and white sina Ane
either sown by design or accident. The cutee & nm plumbs are de- rived from this species, “The bark dyes yel e fruit is acid, but so tempered by a sweetness and roughness as
not to be unpleasant, purticelatiy ee it is ocliaind by the frosts. A conserve is prepared by mixing the pulp with thrice _ weight of sugar.
‘The bark of the roots and branches i is considerably styptic. An infusion of the flowers, sweetened with sugar, is a mild piinpllive, not improper for a
‘his isnot well adapted to grow in hedges, because it spreadsits roots ‘ee and encroaches upon the pasturage; but it makes a good dead fence. The
\
in at Sip
~ ICOSANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Crategus.
DIGYNIA. CRATAYGUS. Cal. 5-cleft: petals 5: berry be-
neath, opening at the top, 1-celled, 1 or
more seeded. | | C. leans B Sea bane, cut, _ serrated, cottony under- ~ Fi. Ene 902=Crante. i ii. 2, 2-Mill. ill—Hunt, Evel. 181.4.
p- 175. ed. 2d-F. B. i. a. 65~Lob. adv. 435. 1=Ger. em. 1327. 2—Park. 1421—Ger. 1146. 2.
Seeds 4, in each cell 2, like those of the ee Crantz.
Styles 2 to 4, with as many seeds. Du Ro. Leaves ue white underneath. Calyx woolly. ca scolloped tow the end, and
uit re
White-beam Haswthorn Fides e-beam Trees lo Pear Tree. Woods and fn especialy lly ountainous situations and cal- careous soil. [ Mountainous Set ree. Derbyshire, from the fis- sures of the. precipices, without any appearance of soil. Mr.
oopw. Breiddin Hill, Salop. Mr. Arkin. Wick cliffs, and on rocks in Leigh wood opposite the Hot-wells, Bristol. Mr. Swayne. In Eden deane. Mr. Rosson. } T. May.*
A‘ria.
449
C. Leaves heart-shaped, with 7 angles; lowermost lobes tormina‘lis. straddling.
The wood is hard and tough, and is formed into teeth for rakes, and walking sticks, From some effects which { have repeatedly observed
substitute that has yet been tried.
gives it a beautiful red colour, and a pleasant subacid roughness. An in-
fusion of a handfu i of the grr baat a safe and ond purge. The bark pow~ an Pe d
a = Me
goats, and we i nouri
> peti and qoemae Aphis ” padi ; ores ater, and Pruni nd rege pes cola.
* It lov esd hills and a 12 i
cellent charcoal for the makers io gun mein Mr. Goves. Vor, III, Hs
450 ICOSANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Crategus.
Facq. austr."443-Fl. dan. 798—Hunt. Evel. 182. i. 176. eds
2d—E. bot. 298—Matth. 2638—Clus. 1.10. 2-Dod. 803. 2—
Lob. obs 614. 2-Ger. em. 1471. 2-Ger, 1287. 2-Trag,
~ 1010-Park. 1420. 2-F. B.i. a. 63-Cam. epit. 162- Lonic. i. 50. 2.
Cells 2. — das Crantz. Cups woolly. Blossoms white.
Fruit reddish bro
Wild Bidiceinis r Sorb. Service Hawthorn. Woods and
hedges. [ Bath Hills near ae ee Mr. Woopw. Pendeford,
Staffordshire, in hedges. Mr. Prrr.] T. May.
Oxyacan ‘tha, C. Leaves mostly 3-cleft : Sevens blunt, serrated. Facq. austr. 292. 2-Matth, 163-Blackaw. 149. oJ B. i. b. am dan. 634. Var. 2. Monogynia. Flowers with 1 pistil ; leaves, segments more acute ‘and expanding, Facq. austr. 292. 1-Fl. dan. 1162-Sheldr. 21-Barr. 563- Clus. i. 121—Lob. obs. 614. 2—Park.1025-Wale.—Blackw. 149. 1-Trag. 984~Ger. 1146. 1-Dod. 751. 1~Ger. em. 1327. 1. Var. 3. Trigynia. Flowers with 3 pistils. Hunt. Evel, 398, ii. p. ed. 2d. All the above varieties _— our rows, that with 1 pistil is the most common, and chat with 3 ‘the most rare. Flowers white, but in clayey soils pinky red. Berries mostly a coral red, but sometimes yellow, or ae Leaves, the segments unt or acute; the middle segment 3-cleft; the ts more or less serrated upwards, but entire at the base. ‘Capsules mostly 1-seeded, but sometimes there is a 2d cell, and the rudiment of a 2d seed. White-thorn. Haw-tharn. May. Hedges, woods, and old parks. T. May, June.* ‘Var. 4. Guastonsury THorn. Appendages at the base of x foxes: kidne y-shaped, toothed, very large. It does not grow in the rui a
ofa pit. It appears to be a very old tree. An ol of on account of the stiffness of its b he sharpness of its . thorns, its roots not spreading wide, and its rae te of bearing the se verest winte ithout injury, this plant is universally preferred for making hedges, whether to clip or to grow at | d is tough, and is formed into axle-tree: d tae Pa 0G Srpes are the winter tood of Thrush and many other bi s sok? 4
_ Cratzegus afford papeekinens to Papilio Crate "Pee a Hosp Oxyacantha, and cratega
ICOSANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. Sorbus.
gO never remembers it, otherwise than as it now a appears. There is another tree of the same kind 2 or 3 miles from Glastonbury. They tell you it has no thorns, but chat I found to be a mistake :
~ duce pte nowise differin fies” the common Hawthorn.
robably - tree which gave birth to the legend grew within
hie wails f the abbey, and may have died from age, or been aotoved af the time of the reformation.
TRIGYNIA.
SOR’BUS. Cal. 5-cleft: petals 5 : pomum 5-celled, open at the top, 3-seeded. S, Leaves winged, smooth on both sides. Mill. ill.—Hunt. Evel. 218. i. p. 211. ed. 2d—Fl. dan. 1034— E. bot. 337-Blackw. 173-—Matth. 262—Dod. 834-Ger. Cm. 1473-Lob. obs. 544, 2 ~F. B. i. ae 62—Ger. 1290— Park, 1419. 2-Trag. 1009-Crantz.i ii. 1.4, Leaves, rib channelled. Leafits 7 or8 pair, sitting, spear- s serrated, the intermediate ones the longest. Corymbus terminating. Berry round, of a pleasant red or scarlet. Seeds 3, 4, 5) reddish. RetHan. Flowers whitis Quicken-tree. Mountain Ash. Roa. said. Service. Woods and hedges in mountainous and boggy situations in Wales, Scot- land, and the North of England,.*
S. Leaves winged, woolly underneath. Facq. austr. 447~-E, bot. 350—Crantz, ii. 2. 3~Nash. i. at p. * It ; in is or open fields, but best on the sides of hills and in fertile soil It ve not bear lopping. Plants grow well in its
shade. ood is soft, tough, and solid. It is converted into tables, spokes for wheels, shafts, chairs, &c. The roots are formed into handles
for knives, and wooden spoons. berries dried and reduced to powder ma’ " n spirit may be distilled from them, hich a r, but it is small in q The berries too, i
zi
by the poorer people in Wales. in n Germany the fowlers use
to entice the R msl pea. Fieldfares into nooses of hair suspended in the \
‘woods ; hence its triy HHO
461
aucupa’ria,
domes’tica,
452 ICOSANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. Megspilus.
obs. 544. 1—Ger. em. 1471. 1~Park, 1420, 1-Blackaw.1742 Fuchs, 576-Trag. 1012-F. B. i. a. 59.—Lon. i, 50. 1. Fruit the size of a crab. Does not IS fruit till grown to a gpg id a Linn. Cells 5. 1 the seeds seldem com ing to perfection. Bloss. white. Fruit brownish, Crawrz. Sigles stay 15. vid. E. bot. where it is removed to Pyrus. Pyrus domestica. E. bot.-Truze Service, or Sorb. Moun- Pg forests. Mountainous parts o: phir and the Moore- s of Staffordshire. [In the middle of a thick wood in the Sthent of Wire, near Bewdley, Wo encilien 1 mile from Mopson’s Cross, between Mat’ ‘and Dowles Brook T. April.*
hy’brida, S. Leaves wing-cleft, cottony underneath. Fi, dan. 301-Linn. fil. a 1, 6. : Linnzus considers it as a new tree, produced between the Cratzgus Aria and the Sorbus ei having the flowers and stils of the latter, with the. foliage of the former, the leaves Feng rather winged at the base, but confluent upwards, Bastard Service. On mountains. [On the walls of Castle Di- nas z bene neat Llangollen, Denbighsh. Mr, Gairritu, ]T.May:
PENTAG YNIA.
MES’?PILUS. Cai. 5-cleft : petals 5: berry with its 2, or 5 cells.
german’ica, M. Thornless: leaves ea a cotton underneath : F flowers solitary, si
FI. Ross. 13. 1-Ludw. ae 154—Ger. 1264. 1-Dod. 801. 1-Lob. obs. 591. 1-Ger. em. 1453. 1-Matth. 253=
Park. 1422. 2-F. B. i. a. 69-Trag. 1014—Lonic. i. 13, 1. Branches woolly. Leaves oval-spear-shaped ; towards the point serrated, and somewhat srodllx: Leaf-stalks iad, short,
as the blossom. Linn. Flora
woelly within ; teeth longer than the blossom, Stamens unequal,
30 or more. Summits cloven. Blossoms white. Fruit reddish brown. Medlar Tree. “me Sy about Minehiville. T. May.t
The fruit is mealy and austere, not much unlike the Medlar. one Sarbi and Coccinella Bia i live upon this and 5. aucuparia, Lin N. T he VWro
men’ ee sticks. Nasu
ople are fond of the fruit when it becomes soft by keeping; ~
+ Man it is scones austere, and binds the bowels,
ICOSANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. Pyrus. 453
PY’RUS. Cal. 5-cleft : petals 5: pomum beneath : 5-celled, many-seeded. P. Leaves serrated, smooth: flowers forming a corymbus. commu’nis. Blackw. 453-Matth. 251-Lob."abs. 590. 2~Ger. em. 1457= Park. 1500. 1 and 2-Dod, 800-Ger. em. paeo-Grer. 1267 to 1270=Lowic. i. 11~Trag. 1045. . Bloss. white. —Pear Tree. Woods and hedges, T. Apr. May.*
P, Leaves serrated: flowers in a simple umbel. Ma'lus. Fl. dan. 1101~E. bot. 179~Blackw. 178-Cer. 1276, 1, 2. 3» ~Ger, 1272. 4—Ger. em. 1461—Park. 1503. 2. aves ae ae than those of the preceding specics. Peta tinged with red on the outside. Crab Tree. W; ilding. Woods and hedges. T. May.t Var. 2. cultivated —Blackw. 141-Mill. ill.-Ger. 1273 to 1274-F. B. i. a. 1-Lob. obs. 590. 1-Ger. em. 1459. 1- Park.1503. 1-—Dod. 789-Ger. em. 1459, 2—Lonic. 1. 10.1.
* It loves a sof soil and slopes ground ; but will not thrive well = moist bottoms. It stands the severest winters, and does not destro he grass. i
ferior to wine. orses, cows, sheep, and goats a Bis ves, which afs urishment to Papilio ae oad Phal 2 Popa Lh a guercifelia, gate cerulocephala, brumata, “Powenetta 3 Apbis Pyri; Chermes Pyri @ Pyri; Musca Pyrastri, Linn t+ It Deaitice ae on Ueclivities and in shady ese aie sme in _ exposures or boggy lands, Grass and even corn will ig pox n : ; . peace
because its roots are neither killed by frost nor eaten By fla wee The
clean, and when made into cogs for wheels obtains a polish, and wears a long time. The acid juice of the fruit is called by the wea people erjuice, and is much used in recent sprain in other cases, as an astringent or repellent. With a proper addition of sugar, it is probable that a very grateful liquor might be made vate repr juice, but little infe- ock. aay S eat it; swine are very fond of the meee Linn. Phalena dispar, vay " Faseiline , Chryserrhaea, P. “siy Oporana, ee Pomonella, Monacha; Aphis Mila; Sea i a Hora ticola feed upon
° & wn .
oO om “a .
af
454
salicifo’lia,
Filipen’dula,
ICOSANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. Spirza. Apple Tree. Orchards, and hedge rows. ~ T. May.*
SPIR AVA. Cal. 5-cleft : petals 5: caps. A or more, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
S. Leaves spear-shaped, blunt, serrated, naked; flowers in a compound bunch. .
FI, Ross. 21-Gmel. sib. tii. 39-Kniph. 3~Clus. i. 84. about 4 feet high. Serratures _ the leaves not very regu r. Flowers rose red, paler when expanded. I am indebted o Mr. Goucn of Kendal for the knowledge sof this bein a na-
moreland, in many places on the borders of Winandermere, and that it has lately been discovered by Mr. Datton of the academy Manchester, by the road between Pool Bridge and Colthouse, near Hawkshead, Cumberland. _ It is well known in our gardens by the name of Spirea frutex, $. July.
S. Leaves interruptedly winged : a strap-spear-shaped,
irregularly serrated, very smooth : flowers in tufts. FI. dan. 635-E. bot. 284-Blackw. ‘Wckeok 3—Fuchs. 562. Trag. 883-Lonic. i. 220, 2-Ger. 900. 1-Matth. s65- Clee. ii. 211. 2—Dod. 56. 1—Lob. obs, 420. 3-Ger. em, 1058. 1~Park, 435. 1—Pet. 71. 6-H. ax. 1X. 20. row 1,
left hand figure.
Caps. numerous, disposed in a circle. Linn. Sve ot be erba.
ceous. Leafits mostly alternate, smooth on both sides and shin-
les man Dropwort. Misteiebedi. Mountainous meadows and pas- tures, in a Feo soil, [S Sakae Heath, Norfolk. Mr,
Worcest. Mr. BALLARn oe Vin erate: Roeks; Bristol. Mr. Swayne.—Rocky ground between Dundee and sg aber ait Mr. Brown. About Stone Henge. | P. June, July.+
* The juice fermented is called Cyder, of which large quantities are made in Herefordshire, Devonshire, part of Worcestershire and Glouces-
ge the liquor would be now improved by a fresh import he tuberous sini i roots, dried and reduced to oni make a Mok of bread, which, in times of scarcity, is not to be Seapleed: a
_
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rosa. 455
S. Leaves interruptedly winged : leafits egg-shaped, doubly Ulma’tia, serrated, hoary underneath : flowers in tufts. Curt. 340-Ludw. 23-Fl. dan. 547-Blackw. 465—-Kniph, 1 —Clus. ii. 198. 1-—Dod. 57-Ger. em. 1043-—Park, 592. 1 | —Pet. Tie 8-H, OXs ix. 20; row is 1. Jig. 3d.-Ger. 886—~ Ff. B. iii. 488, 2. Stem angular, reddish. Leaves bright green above, white ‘underneath, irregularly serrated ; the terminating leafit divided into 3 segments. Flowers yellowish white, Ca/. segments and petals sometimes 4, Capsules 5 to 8, but mostly 6, twisted spi-
“rally together. Common Me adowsweet, Queen of the ce Moist m dows, and banks of rivers. P. June, July”
POLYGYNIA.
RO'’SA. Petal 5: Cal. urn-shaped, 5-cleft, fleshy, contracted at the neck so as to form at length a coloured berry of 1 cell, opening at the top; seeds many, hispid, dispersed in the pulp. (4) Germens more or less globular. R. Germens and fruit-stalks smooth: stem and leaf-stalks arven’sis. prickly: flowers in tu ya bot. 188—Wale. _¥, BB il. 44, ¥é Leaves simply serrated. Fruit-stalks beset more or less with hairs terminated by globular nn not Ons as ina deog nor rising exactly from the same point as in an umbel; some- times solitary. Prickles bowed downwa rd. Blasstadh white. Styles as soon as they have passed through the neck of the calyx, com- ps cted i os a cylinder resembling a single style, serge bya ob composed of the summits. s circumstance will alone distinguish it from the other species. Fruit globular, red. St. pep cmb Dogs Rose. Corn Rose. Hed. and, heaths.
[ This is the most commgn rose in the west of orkshire, and — about Manchester. Have not seen it within 50 miles . Dar- lington, Mr. Rosson. } S. July.
Var. 2. Hups.—Wild Dog Rose, with only 1 flower. Ray ya: indic. Between mapas and Lovie and Bishop’s Wood, :é.
are ssf fond of them. ti inn.—When a es oom and enlarged by cultiva- tion, it is a beautiful addition to the ean gard
. "The flowers infused in boiling water, he) it a sees flavour, ‘ge rises in distillation. Sheep and swine eat it. Goats are extremely fo of it. Cows and Te refuse it. Sphi nx ocellata, aad Filipendaa fed on both species. Lin
456
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rosa.
spinosis'sima. R. Germens and fruit-stalks smooth : stem and leaf-stalks
villo’sa.
fully set with straight prickles: leafits circular, smooth.
E. bot. 187-FI. dan. 398—Ger. 1088-F. B. ii. 41. 1-Park, 1018. 8—Clus. 1.116. 1-Dod. 187—Ger. em. 1270.3-F.B.
ii. 40. 2. Packs awl-shaped, straight, horizontal, Pp) thickly an une Fruit-st. with or without prickles. Ca/. leaves entire.
Livy. “Leake stellt not iy hal Leafs very small, roundish, sitting. Leaf- scales small, BS geet rag toothed. Woopw. Bhoss. white, or cream-coloured, sometimes red. Licntr. Prickles very unequal in size, some flat, others like needles. The R. spi- nosissima, and the R. pi mpinellifolia of Linnzus, we are now assured, are the same plant. Burnet Rose. Pi mperuel ae. Heaths and sandy places. edges near Yarmouth, frequent. Mr. Woonwarp.—Perran wns, Cornwall. Mr. Wa TT. —Hedges and ditch banks pes: Worcester. Dr. Sroxes. Frequent in the sandy country about Bewdley. ] P. June, July. Var. 2. — red, striped with white, Srspatp. Licutr. Ciphian Ro
Vat«3: Fruita prickly ; ; flowers cream-colour, aa
to white.
Specimen from Lanscale Haws, Lancashire; sent by Atkinson, hs informs me that it covers several acres of ae to the exclusion of every other vegetable.*
R. Germens and fruit-stalks hispid: Rieti with scattered prickles : leaf-stalks prickly ; leaves cottony. E, bot. oe B. ii. 38. 1-Park. par. 419. 7.
Stem smooth, 2 or 4 prickles near together below the knots, Leaves blunt. Pak wpe Linn. Frait-stalks, pine leaf-stalks, ae of the /eaf-scales, and sertatures of the /eafits beset with
hairs of various lengths, terminated by a ae Leafits 6, with an odd one, egg-spear-shaped, more or less pointed. Petals longer than the calyx. Fruit not seayy hispid. Mr. Woopw. Leaves — serrated. St. Leaves cottony on both sides.
Apple Rose. Mountainous hedges and shady places in the northern counties. [Grass Wood, near Kabwasys Yorkshire, Curr.
T fruit is eaten by children; it has a grateful sub-acid Beate. The juic ¢ of i it, diluted with erp dyes silk and muslin of a peach- eolour; and with the additi = um a deep violet ; but it has very little effect on woollen or lin
s dwarfish growth, ant vale singular elegance of its little leaves, which resemble those of the upland Burnet, entitle it toa place in the
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rosa.
—In the vallies of rowan countries. In the Craven part of Yorkshire. Mr. Woop. — Near Ulswater, Cumberl <p Mr. Woopwarp.] — S. June. pei ae _ minitianstss ild Briar, or Dog Rose, with large =
ope
not hairy or te piers egg-shaped, serrated, 1 and 2,
but mostly 3 pair, cottony on both surfaces. Fruit-stalks, gee
leaves, calyx, germens, edges of the sy and /eaf-sta
pe k with globular glands supported on longer, shorter, mse rser hairs or bristles. Prick/es a little hooked downwards, ra-
sherds flat, not broad. The leaves when rubbed have a faint agree-
scent. Hedges, common, Ray. Woopw.—Near London, Huns. ; P, June.
(2) Germens egg-shaped.
4357
R. Germens and fruit-stalks prickly at the base : aga rubigino’sa.
on the stem bent back: leaves rusted underneath
FI. dan, 870-Facq. austr. 50-Wale.—Dod. 186. 2-Ger. em. ort ly es hand Fig.-Ger. 1087. 1-Park. par. 41 9. 8
eg ~ of the widen ae ‘In the Garde pet Siar ‘the ees eset above with ato short hairs, wish shaped, and
-, be rusty appearance chiefly ri to the lower leaves, The swee scent seems to be owing to the glands, R. suxavifolia. Licutr.—R. eglanteria. Hups. Du Rot. Sweet-briar Rose. Eglanteria. ee and heaths. { Hedges, Norfolk, but not frequent, Mr. Woopwarp,—Between Dudley
é
cani’na,
idz’us.
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rosa.
and ‘Tipton. In Mr. Terne’s garden, Worcester, from a gravel Zt neat Claines Church. Dr. Sroxes. ] “$
R. Germens and fruit-stalks smooth : stem and Siar eg pric
Curt, 200-Kriph. 7~-Fl. dan. 555~Blackw. 8—Ludw. 70-
Wale. 5-Park, 1017. 1-F. B. ii, 43. 2-Trag. 986.. 2~ Ger. 1087. 2. smooth, with 2 alternate hooked prickles between each
5 } NN, odd one, pointed ; 5 Serzatre terminated by minute parple g lands.
road, wards, Cal. ments a, f rnis.
ses -| with long teeth on > gia 2 without, and the 5th with —
teeth on one edge. Petals red, sometimes nearly white ; 1 lobe Jarger than the other Dogs Rose. Hep Tree: Wilt car. Hedges and woods. S. Jun
une.*
RU’BUS. Cal. 5-cleft : petals 5: TT from the top of the germens: drupa clustered, 1-celled, fixed to a conical receptacle so as to argemble
_a berry. (1) Shrub-like. R. Leaves einer, with 5 or 3 leafits: stem prickly : leaf-
stalk ch
i pte a water may be distilled from: the blossoms. The pulp
of Pa berries, beat up with sugar, makes the conserve of heps of the London Dispens i bags with wine it i an acceptable treat in the north ope 1 birds teed upon i leaves of every species of vos ati especially of this, Fis recomm: in the Eps.
» as a substitute for tea, giving out a fine colour, a sub-ast gent taste, and a grate eH, ied, infused in ae water.
by nature.
ifferent species nourish the following insects: Phalaena nang ee
Pavenia, Libatrix, Retularia ; Tenthredo Rosa, Cynoshati; Ichneum Bede-
gauris; Cicada Rose; Aphis Ros@; Scaraba us auratus 5 ” Mus usca pellucen ick nces,
and those ays pri excresce: the branches of roses, nl aia upon the last sora are the habitations ~s ay Canine Rose, ‘This excrescence was formerly in reput
and was kept in the shea under the PAPE. P of Bede Aoetge Ani infil coe of the full blown blossoms of all the roses, especially the paler kinds, is purgative ; but the petals of the red eles, gathered before they expand, and dried, are astringent,
mente eset)
SRS
; : ; f\
ICOSANDRIA.. POLYGYNIA. Rubus.
Fl. dan. 788-Woodow Naore i. 117—Dod. 743. 1~Lob.
obs. 619, 2-Ger. em. 2. IF. B. ii. 59. 2—Lonic i. Al, 2-Park. par. sy fen 973—Ger. 1089. 1— te 1019
stalks roug. aaah Sais Linns Blossoms waited! Berry red. Raspberry Bush, or Bramble Bush, Framboise. _ Hind-berry. Raspis. Woods and hedges, t situations. — Wood, near Kilnsay, “Yorkshire. Curt.—Th » Near orwich. Mr. ee ara: Herts. Mr. Woopw. Woods to the west of Bishop’s Aukland. Mr. Hurcu HINSON.—— South side of Edgbaston pool. In wet woods, and
Wood on the in thickets and rough places near tivaliets, nap a about Bi mingham, ]
ir- at, S. May, June.* R. Leaves 3 together almost bare; lateral leaves 2-lobed :
stem prickly, cylindrical: panicle few-flowered.
Woopwar
re ta 826—Dod. 742. 2. Stem 3 feet long, purplish, branched, with pendent shoots at
the top. Price wr fine, scattered, small, bowed eon rm
betwe a points, Leaves green, not
rie the lat ichegermeslly 2 y 2 _—. Ne Fruit- stalks round, pewter on Es oo eee sometim
» Frui of fewer and fader granulations from i a“ 5. Woopwarp. Blossoms white. Fru:t bluish black.
ew-berry Bush, or Bramble. Woods and — [and balks of cornfields. Mr. Woopw.] S. June, July.
459
cw’sius.
R. Leaves winged, with 3 or 5 leafits: stem and leaf- frutico’sus.
stalks prickly: panicle oblong. Woopwarp. E. bot. 715-Fl. dan. 1163—Mill. ill.-Schmied. 2-Blachw. 45; 7—Kuiph. 5—Matth. 1009—Dod. 742. 1-Lob. 065.619. 1, i¢. liy 211. 2—Ger. em. 1272. 1—Park. 1013—Fuchs.152 -Trag. 970-Ger. 1089. 2-F. B. il. 59. 1—Lonic. i. 41.1. Stem angular, very long, with runners often several times the
_ .™ The fruit is extremely grateful, as nature presents it; but, made Into a sweetmeat, with sugar, or fermented with wine, the flavour is im- proved. It is fragrant, sub-acid, and cooling. It dissolves the tartarous concretions af the teeth, but for this purpose it is inferior to the Straw- be e white berries ate sweeter than the ut they are erally bideteioinased by insects. The fresh leaves are the fav ourite food of k
460
“ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rubus.’ height of a man in length, spreading and climbing far and wide,
_and sometimes striking root ; prickles alternate, strong, bowed
back. Leaves sharply and unequally serrated, either green on both sides, or white and cottony underneath ; the middlemost
leaf begeste heart-shaped, on a leaf-stalk, the rest sitting, the j \
owermost very small, potensngt backwards. Linn. Leaves, the
lower pdooaen the upper 3-fingered, and sometimes simple or
with 2 or 3 lobes. Peta/s flaccid, white, or purplish. Granula- tions about 50. Haut. Stems a always angular ; prickles always strong and hooked. Leafits usually elliptical, sometimes oval-
pore oe serrated, dark green above, white witha closedown __ und
sometimes, though rarely, only hairy, ro = pale green ; thee most on a long Jeaf-stalk, the next pair on short ieafctalks, the lower - see ne 1és€- calle; aie sometimes,
though rarely, sitting. Mr. Woopwarp. Prick/es broad at the —
base and flatted. Fruit tckacs : Var. 2. major. Leaves i finpered and 5-fingered. Woopw. ©
lag aig ne ee mL ee
E. bot. 827-Blackw. 45. 1—Park. 1014. 2, but the eat on the 2
left hand side is that of R. fruticosus.
Stems roundish ; when growing in hedges frequently stronger and larger than the R. fruticosus, but in ditches not larger than R. cesius, and throwing out creeping runners ; prick/es smaller
an those of var. 1, slightly bent, but not hooked. Leaves bright grein above, beneath pale and ne rel hairy, but never’
y¥ jag than in var. 1; in the 3-fingered ones the lateral leafs lobed. Fruit-stalks roundish. Flowers smaller, and later than those of var. 1, often abortive. Fruit we few and 5 lations, i BR. Sy Syn.
seems to have been clear that. were 2 ecrts “of Great tae ifferences. This
he determined shy examination, if the segments of the ee of the fruit are not always bent inwards pe ee the fruit in this plant, always bart in the R. cexsius, always re-
flected back in R. fruticosus. Woopwarp.
R. coryfolius. E. bot. pe Norfolk, ge ea intef- mixed with R. fruticosuse Messrs. Prrcurorp and WoopwarD.
Var. 3. Fruit white. Bark and leaves of a see green.
467 5
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rubus.
_ Hedge near Oxford. Bosarr in R. Syn. 467. 2. Bramble. Black-berry Bush. S aasicsigal Hedges and woods. S. June—Sept.* (2) Beliiicas: R. Leaves 3 together, naked : shoots creeping, herbaceous. Linn. Lower-leaves sometimes 5 together. Dr. J. E. Smirn. Fil. dan. 134—Clus. i. 118. 1—Ger. em. gf 4-Ger, 1090, 3—Park. 1014. 4—F. B. ii. 61. Shoots thread thread-shaped, very long, dying down. at the end - the year, rough with hairs, and often beset with weak thorn ae, of the derries distinct. Linn. ae iorstalk 1
near Snowdon. Penn. Wales. Woods ~ out Settle and Ingle-
ton, and not far from the summit of Helsfelnab, near Kendal. wrt. Helk’s Wood, by Ingleton, Yorkshire, — opposite Matlock Bath. Mr. Woopwarp. In Dob Bottom, a deep,
woody, rocky dell cape the Holme, near Berle Lanca- shire. ‘Mr. Wont] * ’P, June.
R. Leaves 3 together : stem without prickles, supporting a single flower. :
Fl. lapp, 5. 2-Fl. dam. 488. About a span high. Flower purplish, - Berry dark ae ae oe! the size of a mulberry. Linn. This species is said lately to have been ieernesod in ra Highlands of Scotland
R. cn bee lobed: stem without prickles, with 1
: Male and female flowers on different plants.
E. ey 165i dan. 1—Fl. lapp. 5. 1-Lightf. 13. at p. 266- Park. 1014. 7-Ger. 1368-Ger, em. 1420.
Male and female flowers on different plants, ‘but Dr. Soran.
DER discovered the roots of the 2 plants to be united under
Cows and Nach eat it. seed: are not fond of it. Li ety Three horses refused it. Silk-worms mall Sori feed upon the leaves in defect of those of the mulberry. Sto
ves’cae
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Fragaria. Linn. Stem hardly a foot high. Blass. white, of pur
r ° ¢ -berry B bl. Kwok Berit’ Krontsbervies Peat
h ears Yorkshire. Woopwarp. Near Egleston. Mr. Hur- CHINSON. | P, May, June.*
FRAGA’RIA. Calyx 10-cleft; petals 5: seeds _ naked, smooth, on a receptacle which is egg- shaped, coloured, peereeeet resembling a berry. F. Leaves 3 together: runners savour he's Blackw.77.1-Ludw. 136-Kniph. 8-Sheldr. 3. 6—Dod. 672. 2-Ger. em. 997 «1-H. ox. ii, 19. row 1. 1. f. 2—Pet. 40. 7~-Fuchs.853—F. B. _— ig bee 500—Lomic.i.215.1- rowing in w ments of the calyx cut at the point. Retcu. Wieee le og ‘deka smooth, often tinged = purple. Leaf-stalks woolly. Leaves, deafits 3, egg-shaped, mona Fruit- stalks with 2 or more flowers. Biles. white.
ruit “Sereno. Hedge banks, &c. . Fruit harsh, rough, and prickly, greenishly
Re some ew of sonmaat Blossoms greenish. Ger. em.
Hyde ; Hampstead Wood. Merrer.
Var. 3. “Fis white.
Common in woods, hollow-ways, and hig banks, particu- larly in ak or clayey soil. P. May, June.t
* The bettie are not unpleasant, and held to be an excellent anti- scorbutic. ‘The Norwegians pack them up in wooden vessels and send
and also they are cnevine brought to table with the dessert. The Papilio Rubi, Phalena Pavonia, Rubi, Fascelina, and Sambucaria, are nourished by the different species
o the urine, and Sinctve: tne 1 tartarous incrustations upon the. teeth.
eople afflicted with the gout or stone have found great relief by using them largely, and Hoffman says, he has known consumptive people cured by them. a h
ICOSANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. Potentilla.
This has been supposed. to be the common stock from which all the ailierene sorts cultivated in gardens are derived, but one of the garden sorts witha very large berry, called the Hautboy coached: the var. 6 of Linn. bears male and female flowers
ifferent\ ents '
F, Stem prostrate, without creeping runners. Curt. 173—Vaill. 10, 1—Lob. ic. i. 698—Ger. em. 998—Pet. 40. 8-F. B. ii. 395-H. or. ii. 19. 5. Shoots thick, depressed, covered with spear-shaped stipulz of the colour of Tusty iron. Leaves growing by threes, in-
Mr. Curtis considers this et as Sarena ng the connecting link between the Fragaria and Potentilla, having the leaves of the former, but in facliiation more resembling the latter. Gmelin considers it as a Comarum, and calls it C. fragarioides. Barren Sinetbers), Barren pastures, heaths, and hedge nks. P. Be ril, May.
POT ENTILLA. Calyx forsiett petals 5: seeds roundish, naked, wrinkled, fixed to a recep- tacle, which i is small, juiceless, spongy, tu- bercled.
(1) Leaves winged. + ps winged: stem shrub-like. Dicks. h. s.-E. bot. 88-Kniph. 5-Wale.—H. ox. ii. 23. row 3. f. Sd-R. cat. ed. ii, at p. 228=Pet. 41. 8—Amman.17 and 18.1. — Whole #/ant set with fine silvery hairs. Stems reddish. Leafis strap-spear-shaped, turned back at the edges, dark green above, aiiiheneeties ap hardly to be called winged, consisting of 2 pairs set crossw sing from the same point, with a ter- minating one div ided ak to the base into 3 open segments. Biloss. yellow Shrubby Cinguc foil. On the south banks of the 'Tees below Thorpe, and Eggleston Abbey, and also near Greta bales and “Mickle Force Teesdale, Yorkshire. Ray.—Mr. Robson assures me that it still grows in great abundance upon these spots oe
* The beautiful appearance of its numerous flowers has gained it ad- Mittance into ns. Besos are made of it. Cows, horses, goats, and sheep cat it. Swine refuse it.
ste’rilis.
463
frutico’sa.
464'
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Potentilla.
Anseri‘na. P, Leaves winged, serrated: stem creeping: fruit-stalks
rupes’tris.
argen‘tea.
with 1 flower Curt. 203-Fl, dan. 544—Maith. 1016~Dod. 600. 1-Lob. ice 1. 693. 1, obs. 395. 1-Ger. em. 993-Park. ae Ger. 841-Pet. 41, 11-Fuchs. 619-7. B. ii. 398. b= Hy, ox. ii, 20. row 2. 4-Trage 480-Lonic. 1, 240. 2= - Blackw. 6.
With long creeping runners. Leaves silvery and white un« derneath ; Teafits curiously folding themucives up.’ Receptacle hai
Silver-weed. Wild Tansey. Goose-grass. Goose Tanse, aioe of paths and roads, and in low pastures, especially pe water stood during winter. P, June ney July.”
P, Leaves winged, and by threes: stem upright, without creeping runners.
Jacq. austr. 114—Clus. ii. 107. 1—Ger. em. 991—Park. 397.» 7—Pet. Al, 6~F. B. ii 598. 3. d. 2-H, OX il, 20, row ~—Kniph. 11. very feicesits.
deafits 5) 7, and 9, Blossoms white. Govan. Whole plant
hairy. Stem forked above. Leaves, serraturesy and segments of the cup, ‘inet with scarlet or ‘purple.
On the sides of Craig Wreidhin, Montgomeryshire. P, July.
(2) Leaves with finger-like divisions. P, Leafits 5 together, wedge-shaped, snipt, cottony under neath: stem upright. E. bot. 89—Fl. dan. 865~Maith. 1020-F. B. ii. = t. l= HZ. ox. ii. = il. s numerous, wood-like, reclining, a foot. or more in Ey cplitaicieal; " dow wny, forked upwards. Branches axillary. Leaf-stalks of the lower leaves long, gradually shortening up- wards, Leaves green above, white and cottony: sniieenealied
oo or hoary Cinguefoil. Meadows and pastures iSies
he leaves are erly ee Dried and powdered they ha
been Soap with succe! sual dose is a meat spoenre a of the powder every 3 eats between the tits. The. roots in the winter time
eat like parsneps. Swine are fond of them, Cows, horses, oats aud,
swine eat it, Sheep refuse it,
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Potentilla.
velly soil. [Side of the PR epee road pay the one of Holt Castle, Worcestershire. Mr. Battarp.—On Blackheath. Mr. Jones. About Harrowgate plentiful. Mix Rowson! iP. a Sept.
P. Leafits 5 together, serrated at the end; points of the al’ba. sérratures approaching to the margin: stem thread- like, trailing : receptacles hairy.
Jacq. austr. 115—Kuiph, 8—Clus, ii. 105. 1-Ger. em. 989. 10—Park. 596. 2-F. B. its 398. e. 2-Trag. 507-Ger. 839-Fuchs. 623-F. B. ii. 398. e. 1.
Leaftts | entire, except towards the end; serratures 5 to 7,
sligh tly downy ml rensgeet paler and more downy, with the veins and edges white with a silky down. Leaf-stalks dow Ts 1 etals
ny. Fruit-stalks long, slender, downy, 1-flowe white, inversely heart-shaped, as long as the calyx. Manian. White Cinquefoil. In Wales P, July, Aug,
P, Leafits 5 together: stem creeping : frnit-stalks 1-flowered. rep’tans. _ Fl, dan. 1164-Kaiph. 7-Ludw. 116-Curt.-Woedv. 59- - - Wale—Lonic. i. 216. 2—Fachs. 624—F. B. ii. 397-—Lonic. i. 216. 1—Blackw. 454—Marth. 1018-Ger. 836. 1—Dod. 116. 1-~Lob. 2c. 690. 1. obs. 393. 3+Ger. em. 987. 1—Pet. 41. 3-Park. 399. 1-H. ox. ii. 19.7. Stem and Sruit-stalks cylindrical. carne segments ending
in pe ts; a sometimes Flower-scqles spear- Bogart Torment r ans has been thought a var. this, but not to Paonia other differences, the Poten-
tilla reptans has. a creeping stem striking out roots at the joints, but the Tormentilla reptans a ¢railimg stem not striking root.
M. Arzetius. Common — Five-leaved Grass. —* pastures and road-si P. June. Sept.*
P, Root-leaves 5 together, sharply serrated, “ap at the ver‘na. end: stem-leaves 3 together: stem decli E. bet. 37-Kniph. 8~Allioni 24. 2-Clus. ii. idee 2-Ger. em. 988. 8-F. B. il. 398. a, 1—Crantz. ii, Tels
Root below clothed with broad rusty-coloured scales, but throwing out several stems from its head. Stems not creeping, ascending, tm ore very much branched, thread- like, scarce perceptibly spri with hairs, with many flowers. Leaf-
The red cortical part of the root is mildly astringant and antiseptic. A Senet of it is a good gargle for loose teeth and spongy gums. hee. it.
466
au’rea,
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Potentilla.
scales entire, broad, pointed, growing to the leaf-stalk. Leaf stalks long, somewhat hairy. Leafs sitting, naked, deeply ser- rated towards the end, with the serratures somewhat hairy ; the uppermost with shorter serratures, and, as it were, dented at the end; the lateral ones shorter, broader, and often cloven. Floral. Jeaves broader than the leaf-scales, with often 3 sitting-leafits. Pa faba solitary, long, somewhat hairy. Petals yellow, nicked, with sometimes a tawny spot at the base, sometimes wihoies Stam. and Pistils yellow. Plant when grown to ma- turity nearly smooth, Linn, Whole plant beset with ee
entire Hee Sy ‘the we one. the sure sie pinnelone . Stem-leaves 3-cleft. Leaf-scales in pairs, spear-shaped, embrac- -
ing the stem. Wig Seen A a eet and ee oe
Se eston “Giaglsvick, Yorkshire, Gloggaeth, Caernarvo op of Craig-cailleach, near Finlarig, Breaaare ing 8 = ee Kaiabareh, on the south west side
Arthur’s seat. Horz.—And Salisbury Craigs, Sr.—Near Carr End Wensleydale, Yorkshire. Curt.—Canham Heath, near Bury, Suffolk. Mr. Woopw.—Braid hills and Craig Loch- art, near Edinburgh, Mr. ricenegiiaiae wigs Mr. Swayne. ]
P. April—June.
A Bootaleaves 5 together, alg pointed : stem-leaves:
3 together : stem dec E bot. 561—Fi. dan. 114~Hall. bias te QT; right hand fig. ; a
enum. 6. 4—Clus. ii. 106. 3—Ger. em. 989. 9—Park. 399e.
4~F, a il. 398. a. 2—Pet. 41. 4.
Petals eat yellow, with an eatge-solouredh blotch at the
ase. Leaves with 3 or 5 segments at the end, but not dented as in the P. verna,
Pastures near Kippax, 3 miles from Pontefract. Ray. [Rocks of Malghyrdy, Ben ee car, Ben Lawers, and Craig Cail- leach. Mr. Brown. ‘P. June, July, Aug.
Mr, Curtis thinks that Ray’s-plant is no other than the
was inserted in the Fl. angl. ag the P. opaca, rst Mr Afzelius convinced me that oe plant Seond 3 in our ic Gar-
dens under that name is really the P. aurea. It has been ~- gested that this latter is ome a var, of P, verna, but its habit is”
very different,
ow Satenacciepeaeiw a es ieee
Lae eae
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Tormentilla.
TORMENTIULA. Cai. 8- cleft : petals 4: seeds roundish, naked, fixed to a small Juiceless receptacle. ;
T. Stem somewhat ascending : leaves sitting.
Kuiph. 6-Ludw. 174—Curt. 337-Blackw, 445-Fl. dan, 589 —-Woodv. 27=Park. 394. 1—Fuchs. 260-F. B. ii. 398. &e 2-Sheldr. 47~-Treg. 503—Matth. 947—Dod. 118-Lobd. obs. 395. Q,. ile 696. 2-Ger, MMs 902-H. OXs ii. 19, 13 Pet. 41. 9-Ger. 840.
ie (in Lapland) generally 8, are 16, and sometimes 4. . Stems generally declining. Flow ring branches ascending.
Leaf “scales in Bye to wedge-shaped, daly eivides into 3 ie —
obes. Mr. WARD, Stem poe ri and at length asc
tase wes of a yet iful green, 3 together. Root- i
stalks; deaf-stalks shorter than the breadth of the ieaftad t lenfits
serrated. Calyx, the 4. smaller segments on the ‘outside of the other 4. Foals sometimes 5, of a fine yellow, with an orange- coloured blotch at the base ; claws very short. Stamens 14 to
18. Pistils6 to 16. Receptacle woolly.
Several highly respectable Botanists have thought that the Potentilla and Tormentilla ought to constitute but one genus, the only difference consisting in the number of the petals and of the clefts of the calyx ; but after mentioning this circumstance, x ap eh onde disposition more favourable for investiga-
_ Un mn s we ie to change a Linnzan name, his epi-
t et erecta a (ve ty given to the present species, is so very er-
ro. se pifsted’t o mised that we havé chosen with
Mr. Chan to eters it T. offcin
T. erecta. Sp. pl. Patntille ipPoust¥es Neckar. Porentilla Tormentilla. Bot. Arr. ed. 2. Septfoil, prime ee Moors, barren pastures, and shady places, P. Jun ran
LF Stem trailing: leaves on leaf-stalks. Wale.Plot. oxf. 9. o% at p. 146—Pet. 41. 10.
All the /eaves an leaf-stalks. Leafits 3 together, wedge. shaped, generally on short leaf-stalks, serrated upwards, entire at the base ; the upper frequently 3-cleft. Szipule spear-shaped,
entire, with 2 or 3 clefts. Vhen cultivated in a garden, it frequently varies with 4 and 5 petals, which” probably induced’ Mr. Hudson to think it a var.
467
officina’lis.
Tep’tans.
* The roots may rank with the strongest in wer astringents, and as such have a place in the modern practice of phy rea used in several countries to tan leather. Farmers find Shi 8 sy a in
the dysenteries of cattle. oe igi ait Come, goats, ane, and swine Horses refuse it, Linn, A horse
12
urba’num.
riva‘le, .
: ene el So Geum,
th wae stem iets does ni take root at c.the joints, vg that has a. creeping stem whi ch takes root at every joint. Woods a sandy barren astures. [About Manchester. Mr. . Carry. Lakenham, near Not , aa ent 9 Berkham- stead, Herts. Mr. Woop w-] P. June, July.
GE'UM. Cal. 10-cleft : petals 5: ‘ati terminat- “ ing: seed with a jointed awn: recept. pillar-like. G: Flowers upright: fruit globular, woolly : awns hooked, ‘bare: root- moe lyre-shaped : stem-leaves in threes: > Ait. H. Kew,
- Ludw, 36-C; urt, 113-Knipbh. 9-Blackw. 953-Wale. Fl. dan. 67 2-Fuchs. 384—-Woodv. 259—Pet. 40. 1=Ger. 842. 1-Maith. 984-Clus. iis 202, 2~Dod. 137. 1—-Lob. ic. 693, 2 Ry obsi 396. 2-Ger. eit. 994. 1 1-Park. 136.°1—H, ox. iv. 26, ‘row 2.1 and 2.
Cetlia Avens, or Herb 7S Woods and hedges. Re — Aug.* Var. 2. large-floweréd. Hups.—Fuchs. sania 37 -
Tedford Wood in the Welds, Lincolnshire, and in bridgeshire. Ray.
BS
D. Flowers nodding : fritit oblong: awns anaes twisted: og ping ee roundish wedge-shaped : leaves wi inged.
E. bot. 106—FI. dan. 720-Kniph. 1~Lod, ic. 5 694--Clai: i id.
* The roots, gathered in the spring, before the stem grows UP, and put into ale, give it a pleasant flavour, and prevent its sour. In- fused in wine it isa good stomachic. Its taste is mildly austere ail aro-
matic, especially when it ani in warm dry situations ; but, in shady and moist places, is has litt ‘ace Cows, goats, sheep, and swine eat its Horses are not fond of
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Dryas. ~ 203. 1-Ger. em. 995. 4—Pet. 40. 3-H. ox. iv. 26. 7 T=
§recnise purple, cloven iy Fi go way Hom Bloss. streaked, of a dilute deadish red. Water Avens, or Bennet. When cultivated in a dry soil the flowers are apt to become double, or proliferous Var. 2. Flowers double; sometimes proliferous. Mr. Rosson. Nipien a pastures about Settle, and Ingleton, in Yorkshire. Ray. Curr.—And about Snowdon. _ [Sides vers and ioantaics in the north, ene. oop.—Near Norwich. Mr. Prrcurorp. —<"Matsh m, near ‘Swaffham. Mr. sare ARD.—-Water of Leith, near fibdiciesty ces of Durham, common. Mr. Ro nson.—In a meadow aes plentiful. Mr. Prrr.] ; P. June » July.”
469.
G. Flowers large, yellow.—Dr. Smith conjectures this tointerme’dium. s
hybrid. between G, rivale and urbanum. It awns are hairy as in the former, its habit, _—
and size more resembling the latter. Mr. Rosson says, “ I have cultivated this Geum some years, and find no alteration with it. I saw it this spring in r, Curtis’s garden, named G. intermedium, where it has been ling cultivated, and Mr. Curtis agrees with me in opinion that
it isa Po 3 species.”?
ear Darlington, frequent. Mr. Rosson.—About half a mile ri Sawlow, on the road to Giggleswick, Yorksh. Mr, Catey.—At Matlock, Dr. Smiru. E. bot.] Sept.
DRY’AS. Ca/. 5 or 10-cleft : petals 5 or 8: ‘siaie with tails, formed by the feathered style: re- ceptacle broad and flat.
D. Petals 8: leaves simple.
7 bot. 451—Penn. hebr. 30. at p: 2385—Fi, dan. 31—Clus. :. 351. 2—Ger. em. 659. 6~Ger. 533. 4—Lob. adv, 209, it. i.'495. 1-Gisek. iii. GO—Lob. obs. 260. 2, ic. 495. 2- Park. 106. 1.
sidbidined root will cure — agues, and is daily used for that
purpose by the Canadians. Sheep and goats eat it. Cows, horses, an swine are not fond of it. “Linn. ae is made use of to cure ropy mals ‘St. .
- octopet’ala.
palus’ tre.
ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Comarum.
Leaves very blunt, and almost nicked. Raot-/eaves 88 shaped, bent back at the edge, perennial, white-underneat
Stalk bare, with 1 flower. Blossoms flat, falling off, of a snowy - Lr
white, Seeds oblong. Linn.
cuntain Avens. High mountains. On those between Gort and Galloway, and near Sligo, in Ireland ; and on those on Breadalbane, ea of Skye, aie Sutherland, and Argylesh. Ray. y, and Messrs. Sruarr and Ticwiv —On Amel? Clowder, in Lidendale, ¢ near Kilnsay, Yorkshire. Curr.—Near Settle, Yorkshire... Dr. Fert.—Stonecliffe, near Liteenae, in ee Cras ven part of Yorkshire. Mr. Woo D.] P. May, June.
CO’MARUM. Cai. 10-cleft, permanent; seg- ments alternately smaller: petals 5; seeds naked, smooth: recept. globular: fleshy, woolly, permanent. C. Leaves winged : petals smaller than the calyx. Dicks. b. s.—Kniph. 9-Fl. dan. 636-E. bot. 172—Ger. 836, 4—F. B. ii, 398. ¢. 2-Dod. 117. 2-Lob. ic. 691. 1-Ger.
em. O87 ~- de ‘The calyx; petals, stamens, ayes and receptacles of a dark » approachin ackne
'- Marsh Cinguefail. Purple Marshloths. Muddy Batrid sieckton [Gigpicawick Tarn, near Settle. Curr. Marl near Dalton.
Yor. 2. Differs o nly in the leaves being hai, which oe ness also it loses in the following year. Linn.*,
Pluk. 212, 2-Pet, 4t, 2, - root dyes adirty red. The Irish rub oes milking pails with
~. and it ponies the milk appear thicker and rich Goats eat it, Cows d sheep are not fondof it. Horses and swine hia a ;
Nips... Bare: : | 3s Ss re a
SSR: Pe PS HE TA AS a se age Sh
POLYANDRIA.
CLASS XU. POLY ANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.
(1) Petals 4. PAPA/VER. Calyx 2-leaved : Capsule 1-celled; crowned, CHELIDO’NIUM. Calyx 2-leaved: S.vess, a long Pod,
ACT ZA. me 4-leaved: Berry dacelled : Seeds in a double
(2) Petals 5. CIS’TUS. Fai oe nearly globular: Cal. 5-leaved: 2 leafits smal TIL‘IA. Cap 5-celled ; like leather : Seed 1: Cal, deci- duo [Delphinion Consolida. }
(3) Petals many. NYMPELAYA. Berry many-~celled ; outer coat like bark : Cal. large.
DIGYNIA.
POTE’RIUM. Flowers M. and F. on the same plant. Cal, 4-leaved: Bloss, with 4 divisions. F. Berry formed of the indurated tube of the blossoms
TRIGYNIA. DELPHIN’IUM. Cal. none: Bloss. 5 petals ; upper petal
horned-shaped behind: Nectary cloven; sitting, {Chelidonium hybridum. Reseda Luteola, ]
TETRAGYNIA. { Myriophyllum yerticillatum.] ~
471
AT2.
POLYANDRIA.
PENTAGYNIA.
AQUILE’GIA. Cal. none: Bloss. 5 pees: Nectaries 53 horned in the lower part. [{Papaver cambricum. ]
HEXAGYNIA.
STRATIO’TES. Cal. with 3 divisions: Bloss. 3 petals : Berry 6-celled; in as she ath.
[Papaver cambricum. aS
Ss POLYGYNIA. ZOSTE’RA. “eT aoe strap- -shaped ; bearing fruit on one side: Cal. none: Bloss. none: Stam. alternate :
bpm Cal. none: Bloss. 4 penis. Seeds many} wned.
THALICTRUM. Cal. none: Bloss. A or 5 pas Seeds many; awnless; naked.
A’RUM. Sheath 1 leaf; cone- chains Sheath-Fruit- stalk, naked above; bearing Pistils below, and Sta- mens in the middle, — ‘
HELLEB’ORUS. Cal. none: Bloss. 5 petals; permanent: Nectaries many : Caps. many seeded. |
CAL’THA. Cal. none: Bless. 5 petals: Caps. many : Nectaries none.
ANEMO'NE. Cal. none: Bloss. 6 petals: Seeds many. TROL/LIUS. Cal. none: Bloss. 14 petals: Nectaries strap-shaped : Caps. many-seeded. SAGITTA’RIA. Flowers M. and F. on the same plant. Cal, 3 leaves: Bloss. 3 petals.
M. Filaments about 24. F, Seeds many); naked.
RANUN’CULUS. Cal. 5 (or 3) leaves: Bloss. 4 (or 8) a Seeds many: Petals with a Nectary in the claw
ADO’NIS. Cal. 5 leaves: Bloss. 5 or 10 petals: Seeds many: angular; covered with a.thick skin, [Nymphza alba. Papaver somniferum. ]
POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Actea.
MONOGYNIA. ACT EVA. Bloss. 4 petals: cal. A leaves: berry 1- l
celled: seeds semi-circular.
A. Bunch egg-shaped: fruit berry-like. Blackw. 505-—F1, dan. 498—Clus. ti. 86. 2—Dod. 402. 1-Lob. obs. 389. 1, avd ic. i. 682. 1—Ger. em. 979—Park, 379. 1-Ger, 8290—H: ox. i. 2. 8—F. B. iii. 660. 1.
Petals ee ees flat, membranaceous. Linn. Blossoms
white. Berries blac
Herb Chrittopher. Bane-berries, Woods and shady places. Near Malham Cove, and in a wood near Clapham, Yorkshire. [ Whitfell Gill, or Arthur’s wri near Askrig, Yorkshire. Curr. On Ingleborough: Mr. Woopwarp. And im the fissures of the very curious natural pavement cof limestone at the foot of it. St. About Thorp Arch, and in Wensley Dale, near ponies Yorks. Mr. Woop 3) P, May, June.*
CHELIDO’NIUM. Bloss. 4 petals ; cal. 2 leaves : pod strap-shaped ; receptacle of the seeds (generally) lattice-like,
C. Fruit-stalks forming umbels. Ludw, 132—Kniph. 8—Fl. dan. 542-Woodv. 263-Blackw. 91-Mill. 92. 1-Wale.—Fuchs. 865~F. B. iii. 482-Trag. 107-Ger. 911-Clus. ii. 203. 1-Dod. 48—Lob. obs. 440. 1, and ic. 1. 760. 2-Ger. em. 1069. 1—Park. 617. I= Lonic. i. 105. 3-Matth. 628-H. ox, iii. 2. row 1. 2. Leaves winged ; segments, nearly circular, scolloped. Flowers yellow. Stamens sometimes not more than 20. Seed-vessel cy lindrical, but compresse Greater or Common on Colendine, ee rough shady places, on rubbish and uncultivated ground. | P. May—July. Var. 2. Jagged-leaved. Kniph. 8, first fig -Fl. dan. 676—Mill 92, 2~F. B. iii. 483 —Clus, ii. 203-Ger. em. 1069, 2-Park. 617. 2,
* The plant ep saetagg: repellent. The root is useful in some oe cases, but i t be administered with caution. The berries sonous in a ie ‘hig hdegree., It is said that toads, sue by the foctid pty of this plant, resort to it; but it grows in shady places, and toads are fond of damp and shad Hg tuations. Sheep and goats eat it; cows, horses, and swine refuse i
473
spica‘ta.
aT®
Glau’cium.
cornicula’- tum,
POLY ANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Chelidonium.
C. laciniatum. Leaves with 5 lobes, Lobes narrow, sharply jagged. Mizu. who, during the cultivation of it for upwards of 30 pecs could never perceive any alteration init. Sr.
ong the ruins of the Duke of Leeds’ S$ seat at "Wimble-
C. Fruit-stalks with 1 flower: leaves embracing the stem,
indented: stem smoot
Fl. dan. 585-E. bot. Fuchs. 520-F. B. iti. 398-Kxiph. 4—Trag. 123-Clus. ti. 91. 1~Dod. 448~Lab. obs. 1416 1. and ic. i. 270. 2=Ger. em. 367. 1=Ger. 294. 1-Pet. 59. 7—Maith. 1061—Lonie. i. 82—H, Ox. iil. 14, lef. j= Park. 262. 1 and 2.
. Plant sea-green. Leaves soughish ‘reot-leques with winged clefts; those of the stem only lo obed. Bloss. yellow. Pods rough, separated by a partition into cells. Linn, Stem much
, g the stem, deeply inden ough above, smooth beneath. ara laos _Fruit-stalks thick, ‘slightly hairy, with 1 or 2 flow Cal. large, oval, hai Petals large, egg-shaped, yellow. "Pods very long, bent in various direction, terminated by an arrow-shaped summit. Pods often 10 or 12 inches stig. -—It is remarkable that a high wind does not affect the petals, and yet it is diffi- cult to _— the flowers without some of them fall ling off Mr. TKIN Yalow torerd Poppy. Sea Celandine. Sandy sea shores. eae: and Suffolk coast, particularly about Dunwich; and tmel Sands and Roosebeck, Lancashire. Mr. Woopwano. eas iene ht. St. Walney Isle. Mr. Arxinson. Sea c A. July; eee
C. Fruit-stalks with 1 ages: leaves sitting, ying aee: stem rough with hai Curt. Glaucium—-Clus. ii. ot 2—Dad. 449. 1~Lob. obs. 141. 2 and ic. i, 271. 1—Ger. em. 367. 2-Ger. 294, 2-F. B. iii. — 1. le ae Root spindle-shaped. Root-/eaves in a circle, on i stort leaf-stalks; wings alternate, od at the ends, the upper ones largest, the terminating ones broad, blunt with 3 or 4 indentures, hairy. Stem slightly wey panne
* The juice of every part of this plant is Nacese and very acrimonious. It cures tetters and hing tyne Diluted with milk it consumes white ote $pots Re the eyes. Itdestroys w ithe ca cures the itch
Th o doubt «etic _ such activity will one day be converted to
pian irnpantant purpose
‘
Bae ise
as
nate. * Brsitasiclle terminating, and from t om of the up. per leaves, pte airy, with sometimes | or-2 leaves, similar o ges stem ne — Petals oval, ~ Sena
- Woopwarp, Red Celandine. god corn sbieae Norfolk, discovered by Mr. Stillingfleet, A. July, August.
C. Fruit-stalks with 1 flower: leaves wing-cleft: seg- ments strap-shaped: stem smooth; pod with 3 valves.
E, bot. 201~Kniph. 10-Clus. ti. 92, 2-Dod. 449. oe 141. 3. and ic. 272. 1—Ger. fem. 367. 4—Park. 262. F. Be iii. 399. 2-Pet. 52. 8-H. ox. iii. 14.2. fo 2. :Sammire 3. Pods with 3 furrows. Was it not originally pioduced by the pollen of a species of Chelidonium impregnating the germen of Papaver Argemane? Lawn. Leaves very much like those of Papaver Oi dteres Caps. 2inches long, some. what crooked, rough with a few hairs. Summit with 3 rays. Lyons. Root spindle-shaped, slender. Root-/eaves on leaf- stalks. Stem-leaves sitting, simply or doubly winged ; divisions strap-shaped, hearly equal, smooth. Svem slightly hairy. Fruit- stalks smooth, Calyx oval, slightly hairy. Petals egg-shaped, cep purple, Pods lon "B smooth, terminated with a roundish ob. Woonwarp. apaver caule ramoso, Fc. Hort. ups. 136, 2 2 vy. Ste Violet Cdladixe, Sindy cornfields. Between Swaffham and Burwell, Cambridgeshire. Ray. Recay. A. May, June.
PAPA’VER. Bloss. 4 petals: cal. 2 leaves : swm- mit target-shaped, radiated, scolloped; caps. (often) many celled, opening with holes un- derneath the permanent summit.
P; Capers neaey globular, knobby, bristly: stem leafy, any -flow
SAR, ie ous om 144, 1. and ic. i. 276. 1-Ger. em. 373, Park. 369. 1-F. B iit. 396. i—Pet, 52. Soth ax. iii, 14, 9-Ger. 300. 1.
Caps, with 6 furrows like a melon. —_ 6-cornered.
BSON, Leaves doubly. wing-cleft; upments -strap-shaped, neatly equal, the terminating one 3-cleft; nearly smooth above,
475
hy’bridum,
hy’bridum.
476
Argemo’ne.
Se Capsules roundish-oval. Woopw. Petals small, dark dirty
scarlet. Filaments deep purple. «dzthers ee blue. ReLHan.
Round rough-headed Poppy. Corn fields. [Near Norwich. Mr. Prrcnrorp. At Wells, Norf. Mr, Crowe. About Dur- ham. Mr. Rosson. | A. June, July.
P. Caps. club-shaped, bristly: stem leafy, many-flowered.
E. bot. 645-Fl. dan. 867—Curt. 313-F. B. iii. 396, 2-Lob.
_ obs. 144, 2. and 1c.1, 276. 2—Ger. em. 373. 2—H. ox. ili, 14. 10—Pet. 52. 6-Ger. 300. 2.
Leaves with 3 eet, wing ease Fruit-stalks rough. Calyx hairy. Linn. Leav winged 3 wings opposite, decur- rent, spear-shaped, ‘deeply, wing- -¢ left, Rieabecserica one 3- cleft; nearly smooth above, ner hwith
eaves hairs. Stems and ee acdc eh hairs pointing up-
wards. Petals shag os narrow. Caps. e oe tical, gets
set with strong hairs. Woopw. Root-leaves wit road mid-
is cloven into 3. Petals invetsely eg ashaete scarlet, with a black spot towards the base, white before t
men inversely conical. Summit t, rays 5 to 8. C. cells as many as rayson the summit; bristles strong, shits pointing upwards.
Rough-podded Poppy. Cornfields. A. June, July.
maritimum.P. Capaties Pp bane , bristly: stem supporting a
Rhe’as.
ah - BS set aa bristly hairs laid flat. Stem-leaves 2,
sitting, wing-cleft. Rost-leaves wing-cleft; /eaf-stalks longer
than the leaves. Petals wedge-shaped, scatlet, black at the
ase. t tome by Mr. Atkinson, from Roose ebecks where it
grows in great abundance in a sandy soil, and hath, he says, in-
oe only | flower upon a plant. I collected siintler speci-
the sea side at Weymouth in May. All the plants I
have seen are only about 4 inches high. If when cultivated in a good soil it still continues to bear only a single flower, ie can
be no doubt of it being a —— species. In reply to my fur-.
ther enquiries, Mr. Atkin eaer hy: “The Poppy with 1 : Sewer upon a plant I have seen sae n gardens near the coast very laxoriantly, » with this difference say that the leaves are not quite so rough as when growing upon the sand ban
A. Tune, July.
P, Capsules smooth, urn-shaped: stem hairy, many~.
wered: leaves wing-cleft, jagged,
POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Papaver.
‘ - Curt. 215-E. bot. 645—Blackw. 560-Ludw. 17—-Kniph. 55 the 2d fig —Woodv. 180~Fuchs. 516-Trag. 120-Ger. 299. 1-Lonic. i. 81—H. OX ili. 14, 6—Dod. 447 =Lob, bse 143. and ic. is 275—-Ger. em. 371. 1-Park. 366. 4- Pet. 52. 2—Matth. 1057~-Blackw. 2
_ Stem, hairsexpanding. Linn. Leaves ea leafits strap.
shaped, indented, serrated. Frait-stalks long; hairs expanding.
yons. Stem cyl ne branched.. vated not aioe
ier Poppy. “Co orn taal Copsiagd Head-wark, Finer ss une— 4] A Srey 9 Sat rar with an oval shining black spot
at the base of each petal, 4 lines long and 3 w From this ,
ng originate many beautiful. ‘alte frequent in var Woopw.
- *~
477
P: ee She: smooth: stem many-flowered : du’bium.
t-stalks with bristles laid to: leaves wing-cleft, snipt.
E. bot. 644—Curt. 207—Wale.—H. ox. iii. 14. 11—Pet. 52. 3.
Stem woolly below, ae ey more bristly upwards, the bris- tles on the fruit-stalks laid Close.. Leaves, segments entire; edges and mid-ribs hairy. wane ‘tosilealy, much longer tha - says of the summit from 6 to 10. Petals dilute scarlet. A strict attention to the.proportionate length and — of the capsule, and to the hairs on the Fale being laid close or expanding, _ will alway eect grat s species from the P. rheas.
me & pod. ot long smooth-headed Poppy. Cornfield chiefly i in Het na seid A. June ak; uly. we inane Whole plant very hairy : segments ‘of the leaves snipt. Fi. dan. 902.
This seems to be an intermediate plant between the P. rhea and the P. dudium, if it be not a distinct species.. The bristles on the fruit-stalks are ‘laid close as in the latter, but the segments o the leaves are very much snipt at the edges. The calyx is studded with large transparent globules, with a taper bristle springing outof each. The capsule is nearly twice as long as it 1s broad, = that it mea than in the P. rheas, but shorter than in the
on
the he of Wight. }
Shanklin Chine, and in pastures in various BE: of he
The petals give out a fine colour wheninfused, anda syrup pr epared from the asics is Boe: ga in the shops, It partakes im a small degres of
478 | +« POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Nympheea,
seed
somni ferom, P, Calyx and capsules smooth: leaves embracing the stem,
Blackw. 482 8 483~Woodv. 185—Dod. 445. 2~Lob. obs. 1426 li and ic. i, 272. 2-Ger. em. 369, 1—Park. 366. 2— Fuchs. 518—Dod. 445. 1—Lob. obs. 464. 1. and ies i. 2746 1~Ger. em. 369. 2 ¢—Park. 365. 1-F. Bs 390=Mazth. 1058-Ger. 296. b-Ger. 296. 2 &+Trag. 122-Lob. obs 464. 1. and ic. i. te 2-Ger. em. 370.
Stem, leaves, calyx, and capsule smooth. Summi Petals white, tinged with purple, mile Ate deep sn fio at the base. Ray.
Wild or White Poppy. Uncultivated neglected gardens. en Cornfields. Hups. Water beach, and banks of the closes hich separate Denny Farm from the Ely road. RELHAN.
A. June, July.” 7,
cambricum. P. Cope smooth , oblong: stem many-flowered, smooth: | wi nged, j jagged. —_
Dill. aL 223. 290—-E. bot. 66—Park. 369. 4—H. ox. iii. 140
12—Pet, 52. 4.
Summits 5 or 6, distinct. Copia: oblong, narrower below, with a kind of beak at the end. Linn. Leaves winged, nearly smooth; reot-leaves on ante long Baity leaf-stalks ; wings 2 or 3 pair, aval-spear-shaped, d eeply cut, almost lobed, the ter-
minating one with 3 lobes ; stem-/eaves on short fruit-stalks, the upper sitting. oR nbitostndie slightly hairy, with 1 flower. Petals egg-shaped, pale yellow, scored towards the base. Woonw.
Yellow Poppy. Mountains of Wales, and about Kendal. [ By the Ferryhouse on Winander Mere, Westmoreland, and near Holker, Lancashire. Mr. Woopwarp. | 2 June Auguste
U
NYMPH’A. Bhss. many petals: cal. 4 or 5 leaves: seemmit round, flat, sitting: berry su- perior, lopped, many-celled.
Iute’a. | N. Leaves heart-shaped, very entire: calyx sre much larger than the petals.
* Opium is the eax juice of this planta papinsted by the heat of the sun. The Edin ract to be prepared from the heads, i. a the a lh i This erat” ie Sup ‘o be milder in its effects than the foreign oo agreeing with many constitutions by whic that cannot be borne, but it requires double the
shops, under te ame of Diacodion. The seeds nah ‘onus used to make emulsions, but et rag lie of the narcotic virtues of the other parts of the plan
POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNTA. Nymphea.
Fl. dan. 603-Blackw. 497. a and b, and 499. 1-E. bot. 159—Lonic. i. 177. 2-Kniph. 8—Fuchs. 536=Trag. 697- F. B. iti. 771—Matth. 894-Cluss li. 77. 2—Dod. 585. 2- Lob. obs. 324. 2. and ic. is 594. 2-Ger. em. St Q— Park.1252. 5—Pet. 71. 3-Ger. 672. 2. . Calyx, leaves roundish. . Petals very small. Linn. Leav egg-shaped, with a deep notch at the base. Calyx, leaves wae.
fruit-sta
Yellow. Water vr Lily, or Watercan. Slow rivers, aaa: and ditches. _[River Avon, at Pershore, Worcestersh. Mr. Bat~ xarp. Mr, Watpron Hitt. ] P, July, August.*
N. Leaves heart-shaped, very entire: calyx 4-cleft.
Fl. dan. 602-Blackw. 498. a@ and b. and 499-~E. bot. 160-Fuchs. 535-Trag. 696-F. B. iii. 770-Gmel. iv. 1~Lob. obs. 324. 1, and ic. i, 595, 1—Ger. em. 819. l= Park. 1251. J—Pez. ibe lb .
Petals in several rows, resembling a double flower. The
lower s about 7 in the morning ; closes about 4 in the after- noon, and sha lies down upon the surface of the water. Linn. pecs foots ~~ [fruit-stalks round ; within full of pores, 4. of which rger than the rest; hairs interwoven between. 7a Cabs ae smaller than the outer petals, Renuan. Summits 17 or 18, placed in a circle, and ear with as many cells in the germen. Stamens fixe e side of the germen. St. Leaves oval, with a deep notch is he base. Leafits nearly central. Petals numerous, white. Water-lily. Water-can. Candock. Watersocks. In slow rivers nd ponds. [Marazion Marsh. Mr. Stacku Mtg bys er Stow ei Stafford. In the large pool at Patshull, Staffor y uly.t
* The roots rubbed with milk destroy Bids gr and cockroaches. Swine eat it. hae boi not fond of it ; cows, sheep, and horses refuse it Linn, Ray observes that the bs smell like brandy. An infusion: 4a a pov of the fresh ot toa gallonof watets taken.in the dose of a
morning, cured a leprous eruption It extends ieeelé pil long runners en forma root at the end, and
Send up leaf-stalks i water. The root is bulbous. It is one of the ~
most beautifi piaiabe ‘Enelch plants, and ar be pen ee by tran en ing the ome roots in winter. Mr. Stackuouss. Botanists often affect despise the labours of the florist, who we nee by m coniaetnon the eet to produce double flowers, stigmatising them by the name of monsters They may be monsters, but they are often beautiful monsters.
al’ba,
480
ba TILIA. Bloss. 5 petals: cal. with 5 divisions: seed-
~POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Tilia.
vessel leather-like, globular, 5-celled, 5-val- ved, opening | at the base.
Europe’a. T. Flowers without.a nectary: berry ducelied.. ;
Var fruit tckime ne’ Re
E.bot.610-—Ludw.48—Kniph, 10-Sheldr. 50-Hunt. evel. at p.
Q1.4, p. 194. ed. Pd—F I. dan. 553-—Blackw. 469-Maith.
' 174-Ger. 1298. 1—-Dod. 838—Lob. obs. 606. 1. and it. i,
188. 1—Ger. em. 1483. 1—Park. 1407. 2—Lonic. 1.33. 3= Fuchs. 86°-F, B. i. 6. 133-Trag. 1110.
Leaves heart-shaped, serrated. Floral-leaf yellowish Birt nearly as long as the fruit-stalks, and attached to it for abou half its length. Blossoms whitish.
Common Lime Tree. Linden Tree. Woods and hedges.
ly.
Var. 2. Leaves unequally serrated: fruit cottony : cells 5. Du Ror Tike ¢ ordata. Mitt. bu Rot. Small-kaved anes or Linden Tree. Bast. soviet oie and Lincolnshire. Ray
Var. 3. Fruit 6-cornered.
ae bie, Bay and near Dating? Meer.
. Small pase red: leaves with a soft wooliness
d Lime. Stoken Church Wood. Rar.*
e double bl i cherry ? And when, as in tk alias wants mad the ails are ccuetly multiplied to a great de-
ng island of Juratodye a dark brown. Swine eat it; goats are not fond
it; cows and horses refuse S . Both the coca support the Aphis sauinacti and Leptura eer * It flourishes best ide hills, but it bas live very well in w grounds, Itis easi ity yore Rance and gras s grows beneath it; it is useful to form shady walks and clipped hedges. The wood is soft,
turner. The leaves are rion in some countries as winter
’ ade i and shing nets. The — - et a _ vm — mies i bees.
Tilia ; Pha. > lgeweh i deat, sd Pi, Boonies Acarus t tart
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Cistus. a | CIS'TUS. Bloss. 5 petals: cal. 5 leaves; 2 of | them smaller: caps. from 1 to 10-celled;
from 3 to 10-valved. ;
(1) Shrub-like; without stipule.
C. Stems rating? —- hairy, opposite, oblong, edges niarifo’lius, rolled back: flowers in bun E. rs 396-Dill. elth. 145. ei. B. ti. 18. numerous. Flowering branches eBiegd 4 hairy. pee: cag shaped, blunt, opposite, sitting, | hsides . but covered with white hairs. Bunches cerminating, with 3 or 4 flowers, with Sal peat shapes floral-leaves. Petals velo, finely scolloped. WARD. Hairy Cistus. C. pies Huds. C. gxglicus. Bot. Arr, 3. Mountainous pastures and rocks. On the west side of Be. tham Bank, a mile from Kendal; Buckbarrowbank-scar, be- tween Bridgsteer and Conswick, and about Cartmell Wells, Lan- cashire. Ray. sae Caerarvonshire, Penn. West foot of Bwrdd Arthur, A . Mr. Davies in Penn. Wales ii. 255. [On Humphrey Ted ip Cartmel. Mr. Jacxson.] P. May.
(2) Herbaceous ; without stipule. C. Leaves opposite, spear-shaped, 3-fibred: bunches with- gutta’tus, out floral leaves.
Dicks. b. s.—Ger. em. 1281. 19—Park. 661—F. B. ii. a. 14. 1. Whole plant pss expanding hairs. Stem upright. Leaves sitting, opposite, 3 or 4 pairs. Bunch slender, often without . _ floral-leaves. - ait upright, but when just out of blossom pen- dent. Fruit wprighte _datals with a ane spot at the base. Calyx 2 of the lea open, Lin and leaves gon
Bunches i pa Sh “F ruit-stalks oo ender, wishes fa leaves. Mr. Woopw. Flowers Annual Cistus. Sandy pastures on M. Lleck ddue, near Ho. lyhead, Anglesea. And in the island of Jersey. iar i ; A. June.
(3) Herbaceous ; with stipule. C. Spreading, woolly: flowers in bunches, upright, pe- salicifo’lius, dicles horizontal. 3
Clus. z 79. 2—L0b. obs. 552.13 and it. ii. 118. 1-Ger. em,
Willow leaved Cistus. “Sandy g roartine and pastures near Brean-Down, Somersetshire. A. June, July. ¥o.. Ill, Kx
~
489 . -POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Cistus.
(4) Somewhat shrub-like; with stipule. | Halian‘the- C. jews. stipulze serra stat leaves yest edges d back, somewhat ha . ~Kniph. 12-Fl. dan. aS 5—Park. 656. Gh 1.73. 1-Lob. ic. ii. 117. 1-Ger. ems 1283. 4~F. 15. 2-Lob. ic. ti, 117. 2-Ger. em. 1282. 3-F. B, ii. Te 1~Ger. 1100. 3 and 2-Matth. 744-Trag. 221. . Petals nearly circular, very entire, peri yellow, with gene- ece b
Sok poe ake vaso
i= 5S i=] 08 oa _w “S NE ° Gc =] <2 ve rad - a o —_— ao = 5 o
ribs, connected by a semi-transparent dotted me aiseiie ee outer spear-shaped, green, and which os more like fea ve Petals yellow, a little toothed on the outer part. silky, white. Style dio eae, green. at, cel 1, valves 3 Dwarf ‘Cistais. Little Sién flower, Sunflower Cistus. Moun- tainons meadows and pastures, especially in a calcareous soil.
po a shire. ] P. June—Aug.
Var. 2. Blossoms white. Gogmagog Hills. ;
‘Var. 3. Blossoms rose-coloured.
Var. 4. surrejanus. Huns. C. surrejanus, which see.
Inclined to consider it with Mr. Hudson, as a variety of C. Helianthemum, there being so As a resemblance, and the ma- __ terial difference being only the shape of the petals, and that of i the calyx, though the last diffarebui very little. Woopwarp.
surreja‘nus. C, Trailing: leaves egg-oblong, somewhat hairy: petals ' spear-shaped.
Dill. ae aoe 74 Differs from the precedi s being more pointed, narrower and ested: a he steve bing more hairy. Blass. yellow. C, Helianthemum. 2. Huns Narrow-petaled Cistus. Near Croydon, Surry. Du Sages s R. Syn. S. July-
polifo’lius. C, pn leaves aoe egg-shaped, hoary: calyx : petals se
iy ae lame eabio ove dis. 2 arene
POLYANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Poterium.
Dill. elth. 144. 172-Pluk. 23.6.
Flowers white. Linn, Stems numerous. Flowering branches age cottony, white. Leaves opposite, rolled back at the edge, with a prominent mid-rib underneath, cottony, white. Babes pr fe Fruit-stalks short. Leaf-scales spear- Shaped. Calyx purplish, slightly hairy; the 2 outer leaves spear-shaped, minute. Woopwarp.
Mountain Cistus. Brent Downs, Somersetshire, near the Severn Sea, P, July.
DIGYNIA.
POTE/RIUM. Stamens and pistils in different
flowers, on the same plant. Calyx 4 leaves: bloss. with 4 divisions.
Male. Stam. 30 to 4
Fem. Drupa juiceless ; benedtit: 1 or 2-celled ¢ formed of the indurated tube of the blossom.
P, Thornless: stems somewhat angular. Dict ke s.-Ludw. 197—Kniph. 1-Curt.-Matth, 1034—Dod. « 1-Lob. obs. 412.33; and it. i. 718. 2-Ger, em. way 1—Park. 582. 1-Ger. 889. 1-Sheldr.-Gars. 457— Fuchs. 789-F. B. iii. 4. LS Grime 413-Col. ecphr. ~ is 124—H, ox. viii. 18. 1 Barren esner. wee. 2 feeble pistils. Berry dry, angular. Seeds 4.cornered, to each en inn. Fem. flowers at the top of the ike: Fi owers greenish, sometimes purplish on the outside. The plant has the habit of the be sg epee offici- nalis, and its fruit bears also a near ee e, but the number and disposition of the stamens, &c. will re ily. distinguish tains Upland Burnet: Ina dry calcareous aa: | Brathay pe WS, near a hg and elsewhere in Furness Fells. Mr. ATKInson. Weaver Hills, Staffordshire. Mr. rine St. Vin sea $ roc Salisbury Plain in] ; P. April, May.*
* The leaves and seeds are mildly paler. and have been used dysenteries and hemorrhages. Lewis. The y tang leaves are sometim used in elles, 28 and in cool tankards. When bruised ney smell like
mber has, of late ears, been cultivated, as ing fe ‘or
bage over a great extent of that — mages heep-walk. Iti i eo
483,
Sanguisor’ba.
POLYANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. Delphinium.
'TRIGYNIA. DELPHINIUM. Calyx none : petals 5 or 6: nec
tary cloven, horn-shaped behind : caps. legu |
minous, many-seeded.
consol’ida. D. Capsule single: nectary of 1 leaf: stem er,
Riv. pent. 124, Delphinium—Kniph. 2-Ludw. 54-Blackw,
26~-Fl. dan. 683—Lomic. i. 182. 2—Fuchs.27-Trag. 569- F. B. ii. a. 210-Dod. 252. 2-Lob. obs. 427. 1, and it. i, 739. 9-Ger. em. 1083. 5—Ger. 923. 4~Park. par. 279. 3-Dod. 252. 1-Lob. obs. 426. 25 and vic. i. 739. In Ger. em. 1082. 1.
Branches round. Leaves divided down to the base into 3 or
hich are deeply cut into slender strap-shaped segments Pf sad ts forked at the end. Floral-leaves 2, en sha ped = site. Se ittegulatly scolloped' at the edge; the ica ones b ; the uppermost spear-shaped, not blunter than the rest, rather pins than the poser bat but projecting backwards into a conical tube. Nee ie pper petal, zabe pro- ‘jecting ee _ losed within ‘the tok tube of that petal, the upper pag under green and fleshy. Anthers double, ye sale onical, w oolly. Szydes nones Summits 2, white, saul, Se Grey on lying ¢ close together. Flowers blue, by cultivation white, putple, red, or bay.
Wild Lark-spur. Larkishe el. Larks-claw. Larks-t0es, Com
fields. Swaffham Field. Lower road between Cambridge and | gmagog Hills. Rena. all the varieties of colour. Mr. pwarD. Hinton, Trumpington, Feversham, Cam-
bridgeshite, RELHAN, A. June—Sept.*
penne very close Ae the large a which depasture on it every dey, :
em which is left growin ng. I have
ee ee
doubt but it isa thot valuable phils in hard stocked sheep basen
pogo when fully grown, though when close bitten it proves so valuable cep.
* The ri dna — of the petals, were the reer of a little alum, The seeds cul-
are acrid and tivated the bien ‘often te double. sheep pay goats eat it. Horses are not fond of it. Cows swine refuse it. Phalena Delpbi- sium lives upon it, Linn,
POLYANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA; “Aquileia.
PENTAGYNIA.
AQUILE'GIA. Calyx none: petals 5+ nectaries 5, horn-shaped, alternating with the petals: caps. 5, distinct.
A, Nectaries aoe inwards, nearly equal to the petals :
afits all o leaf-stalks es distant, roundish, plunge.
Kniph. 5-Ludw. 181-E. bot. 297—Fl. dan. 695-Mill. ill. Dod. 181. 1—Lob. obs. 44.0. 2, and ic. i. 761. 1-Ger. em. 1093. 1-H, ox. xii. 1. row 3. 1-Fuchs. 102-Trag. 137- F. B. iii. 484. 1-Park. 1367. 1—Matth. 629-Swert. ii.
8. 9-Lonic. i. 85. ee payt. 1-Ger. 935.1. - Stem upright, 3 fe ee ranched, somewhat angular.
Leaves, the lower on leaf dal Sy doubly 3.fold ; leafits roundish,
with 3 lobes, papa eds a the - rmost leaves finger-like, val, very entire. Leaf-stalks from the root very long.
Blossoms ae or are tes black. Flowers pendent. Lyons.
Sometimes of a yellow gree
Columbin nes. Woods std thickets. [Bpper part of at Trough, near Coniston, Kilnsay, Yo ne , Com. ing- ‘ham, Norfolk, with blossoms blue, o ou 3 near mae
Vcopw
iscodimnen near which the Ligusticum cornubiense eta 1} mile from Bodmin. St. Vincent’s Pati, Bristol. } P. June
HEXAGYNIA.
STRATIO’TES. Sheath 2 leaves: cup 3-cleft, or 3 leaves : — 3: berry b-celled 5 6-cor- nered : beneat
S. Leaves» anglar-swod-sape edge fringed with pac
a bot. Aas dan. 337-Mill, ill.—Bergen de Aloide. at p. 1—Dod. 589. 1—Lob. obs. 204. J » and ic. i. 375. 2—Ger. CM. 825—Ger. 677—Park. 1249, 1-7. Be ili. 787. le Pet. vic 5.
* The beauty ai its vem has Jong introduced it into our flower bor-
wel ents eat it, Sheep are not fond of it. Cows, horses, and swine zefuse i
485
vulga’ris.
Aloides,
marina.
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Zostera.
Stamens and Pistils Poy generally ey in the same flower, but they have been sometimes observed to be on different plants ; and where they are ate e in the same eee the anthers have
been found to be barren, Linn. Leaves strap-sha inted,
aped, po gristly ; pescad prickly. Stalk 2-edged, 1 jeftowernde Sheath the P
as long a fruit-stalk ; sheath-leaves 2, concave, pointed. Calyx beavas's 3, white, egg-shaped, blunt. Petals egg-shaped, ans 28 genes, . loes. Freshwater Soldier. Slow streams, and fen
Sime Tih Norfolk, very frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. In
Is about 4 miles from Holmes Chapel, Chesh. Mr. Hunter. ithe Gyme near Thorn, EERE Mr. _ - P, June—July.*
POLYGYNIA. | ZOSTERA. Spike-stalk strap-shaped, concealed within a grass-like leaf, bearing the fructifi-
cations on one side: ohh none: bloss. none:
stam. alternate : caps. a cue : seeds solitary.
Z. Seed-vessels sitting. a POR. bee, we dan. 15,
Stems much branched. Leaves floating, long, grass. ike blunt, from Jeaf- igilen Leafscle heeeuis + pee nted. Floqwe’ ina cavity, 3 or 4 inches the leaf near a the base, which is at first pide Sith a wee transparent skin. Woopw
Sea Gra sswrack. On the sea shores, almant every where, [Salt water aitciies, Yarmouth. Mr. Woopwarp.] P. June—Aug.t
* Jn the autum the plants sink to the bottom of the water, and in the Spring from amongst the leaves of the old plants arise numerous thick suckers, each bearing a young plant, Bites pr and floats on, the pine gelg it grows to maturity. Som es 8 or 10 form a circle on pon Sg surface, to which the strings were radii, atid the old plnt bt t the bot-
a the abana and in this manner they sometimes rise sv thick as en- tirely to fill up the one of ditches, preventing all other plants from
growing init. I should suppose the mother plant decays, as the floating
plants sheot o inex; which, if t not sooner, on sinking probably
lay hold of the mud, and these in the Spring, | apprehend, produce the
tresh offsprin such be its mod » itis an ex e of
biennial ofa very singular nature. W ARD. A great variety of insects
are nourished by this plant; some of them pursue it down to the bottom and devour the leaves. Sw t es
+ Thrown on the sea shore by the tide, in great plenty, and mounds or walls are built with it to oppose the encroachment of the sea. Ex- posure to the weather bleaches it white. Buildings are thatched with the green leaves, and it will endure upwards of a century. It is used the ig a f Gothland, in Sweden, as a manure, and also for stuffing
nN preference to “hay, as being softer.—Horses and swine eat it. Cows pas not fond of it
i]
ee
aia
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Arum,
Zs Seed-vessels on pedicles, olive-shaped. Lob. obs. 471.2, and ic. ti. 248. 2—Gers eme 1569. $—Park: 1292. 1-7. B. iii. 794. Differs also from Z. marina, in the roots being matted into a
ball. Linn. It varies much both in the length and breadth of
the leaves}. » Shores of the Isle of Mersey. Portsea Island at Gatham Haven, ‘Ray. P. June—Aug.
A’RUM. ais leaf, coiesshapls - fruitst. naked above, bearing germens at its Poteet and stamens in the middle.
A. a halberd- Pact very entire : oe club-
= Curt. 114-Riw. mon. 124. 1, Arum.-Mill. ill. pj pete 228 Fl. dan. 505-Woadv. 25-Bulliard-Fuchs. Os-7. B 11. 784—Dod, 329. 2-Lob. obs. 325. 2, and ic. 1. 597. i Ger, em. 834, 1-H. ox, xiii. 5, row 3. 1-Lonic. i. 1 200. 1 ~-Trag.774—Matth, 506—Park. 373. 1. 2 § pike-stalk, the u urple, sometimes buff-coloured, and sometimes Bunge vith b Pot and purple. Germens greenish yellow, the upper ak te in a hate ike or awl-shaped style or summit, purple at the end. cago with 2 open cells. Nec. taries, the row above the stamens xactly simi similar to the upper ermens. Leaves generally spottéd with black spots, and some- times with white streaks. "sheath conical ; pale green. Berries red, growing in anaked cluster. ake Robin. Cuckowpint. Lords and Ladies. Shady places, we banks and rough grounds. [Plentiful in the ees at Edg- baston. ] P. May.*
* Fie berries ripen about the close of summer. Curt.-—The root ‘and the when recent, are so extremely acrid, that it is highly disagree- set o taste them. The root has been employed in medicine as a stimu-
r from that plant, owes its virtues chiefly to the other in ts. ere
no doubt but this acrid quality may be turned to very useful purposes, but we must first ae how to ascertain its dose.—~The root, dried and
e acrimony of the roots is ex- tracted, either by boiling * baking, they sartiialy will wpa a very mild and “ ¢ nourishment. Many nations pepe | the they ants as acrimonious as this: st dsspatog The noxious
qusthiee :- ae force of heat, Sar may be made from the roots.
437.
ocea‘nica.
macula'tum.
488: POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Anemone.
ANEMOYNE. Cai. generally none : petals'5 to 10: 24 se many, with.awns or tails formed by the style.
7 (1) Fruit-stalks with an involucrum; seeds with ros praten’sis, A. Leaves doubly winged : petals the ends turnedsbe “back. “Wade, 148—Clus. 1. 246. 2~Dod. 433. 2-Lob. il, de "983. 1 Ger. em. 386. 4—F/. dan. 611—Kniph. 1. The flower is smaller and of a darker colour than that of the A. Panta nodding, bat the Be “ the cee bent tak Rs! Darkflowered Anemone.
Forest, — a sei and we te Downs; ) Oxf Dr. Sist -P. Apr vil,
Pulsatil/la. A. Leaves =tiechte winged ; petals meaige Ludw. 119-E. bot. 5\-F. dan, 153-Relh. at p. 208-Matth, 620-Clus. i. 246. 1-Dod. 433. 1—Lob. obs. 149. 2, and Gee i, 281, 2-Ger. em. 385. 1-Park. 341. 2-Kniph. 1= H. ox. iv. 26. row 1. 1-Pet. 40. 9-Ger, 308. 1 and 2, and 300—Lonic. i. 83. 2-F. B. iii. 409. 2 and 3. Stem downy, with 1 flower. Flower at ie covered by the saidlesum, afterwards nodding, on a long fruit-stalk. Involucr, many-cléft, downy. Petals downy without, within smooth, of a sep purple, Seeds crowned with the hairy lengthened styles. Woopw. Pasque Hens, Passe Flower. High pastures, Gogma
gog Hills, Hildershaw, Bartlow, Cambridge ire. aback Heath
near Stainford ; Leadstone Hall, above a lake in a place called the Close, woth Pontefract ; Cornbury Pak near Charlbury,
common, Mr, Baxz
(2) Flowers naked; seeds without tails. nemoro’sa,A. Seeds pointed: leafits snipt: stem with 1 flower.
E. bot. 355—Curt —Kniph, 1—Fl. dan. 549—Fuchs. 161-F. B.
iil, 412. 2~Lonic. i, 163. 4~Trag.95.1-Ger.306. 2-Wale.
—Clus. i. 247. 1-Dodv 435. 2-Lob. obs, 384.2 and it. ie
673. 2-Ger. em. 383. 2—Park, 325. 1-H. ox. iv. 28.
10-Pet, 40. 9-Ger, 307. 3 and 4. a
* The whole Pla is acrid, and blisters the skin. The juice of the
petals stains paper green.—Goats and sheep cat it. Horses, cows, and swine refuse ir
e Sir J, Paul’s, Rodborough, Gloucestershire, RER-] P, Apr. May.”
er Se
ie ae Sat ia Ca eta le er eee eh
q ; ’ § i
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA, Anemone,
» Petals 3 inner rand 3 outer. Linn. Plant smooth, excepting
leaves. Stem-leaves Sooty S-fold ; leafits egg-spear-shaped, variously jagged-or lobed ; veins slightly hairy. epee” the ut ; RD. Stem
5 oO Le J ad 5 4 = = i> af a He oO Py oo + a oO o no 2
eath. The flowers are sometimes: double,
and sometimes entirely of a purplish red colour. Wood Anemone, Woods, bles _hollow-ways, com-
mon, P, April,*
A. Seeds pointed: ae snipt: petals roundish: stem mostly 2-flowere . Fuchs. 162-Trag. 95. pres i, 163. 5-Kniph. 1-Ger. 306. 1—Fl, dan. 140-Lob, ic. i. 674. 1~Ger. em. 383. 1+Park, 825. 5s ets from A. zemorosa as follows: Petals yellow, 2 alter nately on the outside, 2 alternately within, and 1 without shee rhich is next toit, and 1 within that which i yh next to it. Fruit. NN.
he fig. of shaggy and Fl. dan, represent this wivicty.: Yellow memone, Shady places and hedges. Near King’s Langley, Herts, and Wiovken; Kent, © P, May.
A. sae s pontad leafits. puipt: petals . spear-shaped,
. arate i. 254, a-Dod. 434. 9. Petals blue; sometimes vi agen OoDWARD a ges Aviincin me. Woods and shady places. "Wim bleton r Harrow on the Hill; Luton Hooe, Bedfordshire. [New Beck hantivend, Herts. Mr. Goopatt. | _P. April.
* The flowers fold up in a curious manner against rain. The whole plantis acrid- When sheep that are unaccustomed to it eat it, it brings on a bloody flux. Goats and sheep eat it. Horses, cows, and swi fuse it. Linn.—The tots in bp the dried specimens ate preserved ts
‘been mistaken for pe iypad um. Sons Pa ve baetnedy ‘these dots the work an ins rad but without sufficient proof. Dr. Pulteney, in Linn Tr. ii, $055 has rendered it probable that they are formed of a minute species 0: Ore ycoperdon, though as they may be discovered in their younger State under the outer cuticle of the leaf, it is not obvious how the seeds
could be introduce
hese Piette a = ‘evidently i in a diseased state, of a yellow green, and do not bear flower. he leaf of the Betonica officinalis is liable to be affected in the eae stadia:
489.
ranuncu- loi’des.
apenni’na,
Vital’ba.
alpi‘num.
fla’vurn.
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Clematis. CLEMATIS. Cz/. none: petals 4, rarely 5 or 6:
styles permanent: i es BEBY with tails: 7
receptacle a knob.
C. Leaves winged: leafits heart-shaped, ‘efinbing E, bot. 619—Curt. 244—Facg. austr. SO8—Fuchs. 97-Trag. 8187. RB. ii. 195. 1—Lonie. Ti 2105 1—Pet.- 40. 12- Math. 957-Clus. i. 122, 2-Dod. 404. 1-Lab. obs. 345, 2, and ic. i 626. 1-Ger. em. 886. 1—Ger. 739. 1-Park, 383. 1-7. B. ii. 125, 2-Per, 40. 11. Petals leather-like, spear-shaped, Leafits entire, or toothed. inn. Stem scored. Leaves opposite, on leaf-stalks; /eafits on leaf-stalks.: The leaf-stalks twine about any thing they can lay hold of, and thus support the plant. Fruzt-stalks branched, with triple divisions, woolly, from the bosom of the leaves. Petals green on the elude, cream. coloured within rolled back, scored, woolly. Styles becoming very long, slender, crooked, and co. vered with fine silky para Leovallerceiet- Great Wild Climber, Virgin's Bower. soi Com.
ps it North of Wore Seal way Aw 8
THALICTRUM. Cal. none : etals 4c or 5: cap-
sules many, rather beake
T. Stem unbranched, almost naked: bunch simple, ter- _ minating.
Fl, dan, \i-Lightf. 13.1. at p. 266-E. bot. 262-Pet. 71. 12+H, ox. ix. 20. 14—Boerh, ind. alt. at p. 44.
A delicate little plant, cari aspan high. Petals 4. Stam. 12. Prstils 8. Flowers on crooked fruit-stalks. Blossoms brown. Linn. Root-leaves aoaipen 60 long leaf-stalks. Stem leafless, or in very luxuriant specimens with one nearly sitting
¢ number of Stam. and Pistils variable.
Nasco Rue-weed. Moist rocks and on the sides of alpine rivulets in Scotland and Wales. [On Ben Lomond. Dr. Hore. On Mal ighyrdy, Ben eae ry, and te Cailleach. fase
¥, une.
T. sige farrowed, leafy: leafits acute, 3-cleft: panicle anched, upright, compact ; flowers upright.
z fom 307 Kai 5—FL, dan. 939-Moris. umb. 12. 2-He
OM. 1X. 20. row 2. 1-Ded. 58, 1-Lob. obs. 508. 3 and
7
Licurr.
rivers.
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Thalictrum.
ie. ii. 56. 1—Ger. em. 1251. 1—Park. 264. 1—Pet. 71. Se Ger. 1067. 1-7. B. iii. 486. ies a full yellow. Petals 4. Stam. 24. Pistils 10'to 16.
str 2. Lilies of the leaves narrower, and more wrinkled.
H. OX. 1X. 205°3%
Leafits the lower irregular, sometimes wedge-shaped, with 3 clefts ; sometimes oval, entire, with a sort of lobe on one side; the upper. he ig pale or Bi 3 clefts. eae nume- rous, close yr thick. dD; yellow ish w adow Rue-weed. gta cnidadowy pastures, a ark of
u e.*
T. Leaves triply winged: leafits 3- fan nee large, ex- panding: flowers on crooked fru - Jacq. austr. 419-F]. dan. 7 beat oa i 5-E. je 11—Dod. 8, 2-Lob. obs. 508. 2, and ic. it. 56. 2-Ger. em. 12514 2-Park, 264. 5~H. ox. ix. 20, 12-Pet. 71. 10-Ger. 1067. 2-F. B, iii. 487. S—Pet. 71. 11. © Distinguishable by the posh: p points of the eaves, and a bluish bloom on the stem. Linn, Leafits broad and blunt; the number of clefts variable. Panicle branched, flowers few, scat- tered, at first nodding afterwards ppright, Woopwarp. Lesser Rue-weed. ist mountainous ws in a calcareous soil. About ik cass oe. sa borders of Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgsh moun n Malham and Settle, Yorkshire, elhe “{Chedder Cliffs, Saeed Dr. Forp.— In the North, and in Caernarvonshire, Hups.—Gloddaeth, Caermarvonshire. Paik, Wales. —Marham, Norfolk. Mr. Caows. —Skirreth Wood, near oh tgs and about ee Yorkshire. Curr. an Thee Ar ch, Yorksh. Mr. Aixin.—Links of Montrose, also between Caroline Park and Cramond. ear Brown. } P, July, August.
fe rears with many divisions; flowers nodding: flower- branches axillary; 2 or 3 together. Facq, austr, 420,-E, bot. 611.
Gr adows, or in stoney ages with the Th. minus, but in ditine from that. It — s the Th, sibiricum. - flowers nearly a month sooner than the Th. minus. Root pere nial, acting up 1 or 2 stems every year, Stems crooked, 2 “a
cataplasm, madeof the ns, has been known to give relief in the 'Sciations The root dyes wool yellow. 2 Pome horses, goats, an sheep eat it. Swine are not fond a ‘ Linn
mi‘nus,
ma’‘jus,
ns POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA: Adonis. -
3 feet high, cylindrical, scored; wee green, leafy, panicled, Branches always several from the same point, of different] esti
sweet, pendent: Petals ds purplish green. Stam. 15 to 20. Ante thers yellow. Pistils o 7. Seeds spear-sha aped, furrowed, acute. It may be diotingushed from the Th. minus by its al- ways sending ou or 3 branches from the same knot on the stem or larger owha, and by the leafits being dark green above and glaucous underneath; whilst in the minus the branches rise singly and the leabsn are of a lighter green gig and scarcely to be called glaucous underneath. This plant is also much more | branched and .one ae taller than the minus. er This species seems first to have been described by Crantz, in his Stirp. Austr. fasc. ii. p. 108, who particularly notices its differing from
_ the Thalictr. minus in its branches growing 3 together, the . darker colour of its leaves, rg greyer green i their under sur- face, and their pellucid vein
observes share that this plant approaches the .
Thalictr. sibiricum, but omits to eerste the differences, whic are sufficiently obvious. In that the fruit is different; the stem’ — is green, not purplish, the leafits are finely serrated, and very ‘much. smaller than even those of ie Th. minus.
to 18, the anthers yellow, the bal from 5 to 4 . Rosson, about 2 le fom Darling:
ton, ina and ay hse situation! among bushes. He'says it fre-
quently attains the height of 4 or 5 feet, and that he has since
seen specimens which s were collected in Cumberland. ] Pee
ADONIS. Cal. 5 leaves : petals 5 or more: nect. none: seeds naked.
testiva’lis. A. Flowers with 5 petals: fruit egg-shaped. ; Cam. epit. 648—Pet. 39. 8. Ee Only 1 or 2 flowers on a plant. Peta/s 5 or 6; longer and narrower in the A. autumnalis ; scarlet, [Corn fields on Salisbury plain, near the road from Ambres- bury to Everly. ] A. May. » Junes
I
autumna’lis. A. Petals about 8: fruit egg-cylindrical. | Curt. 135-Kniph. 5-Clus. i. 336. 1-Dod. 260. 3-E. bot.
308-Lob. obs. 150, ic. i, 283. 2-Ger. em» 387-Gere 310
1-Park. par. 291.5,
}
Ae %
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranunculus. "493
b Adonis Flower. Red Maithes. Red Morocco. Autumnal ne sants eye. Corn fields, In the counties round ae ndo on. Cur
une, July.
RANUN’CULUS. Cul. deciguenn 5 for 3) -leaved: petals 5, (rarely 2, 3 or 8) with a nectariferous scale or pore within the claw:
E. bot. 584—Ludw. 52-Fl. dan. 499-Curt.-Blackw. 51- Wale—Kniph. 1-Fuchs. 807-7. B. iti. 468-Lonic. i. - 166. 1-Dod. 49-Lob. obs. 323. 1, and ic. i. 593. 2—Ger. em. 816—Park. 617. 3~Pet. ates 1-Ger. 669-Mateh. 831
-Trag. 613.
| Root composed of oblong egg or club-shaped bulbs. goon
| shining. Cal. leaves 3 or 4. Petals Sor 9;
yellow. Small egg-shaped germinating bulbs Ae said sometimes to be found in the bosom of the leaf-stalks. Pilewort. Lesser Celandine. Ficaria ee —
Meadows and pastures, common pril.t
:
: styles permanent : seeds incrusted, upright,
| (1) Leaves undivided.
: ’ R. Leaves heart-shaped, angular, on leaf-stalks : sam 1- Fica’ria, flowered: flowers with 8 peta s: calyx with 3 leaves
|
R. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, on se stem declin- Flam’mula.
Curt.-E. bot, 387.-Fl. dan. 575—Dad. 432. 1-Lob. obs. 382. 2, and ic. i. 670. 1~Ger. em. 961. 2-H. ox. iv. 29. 34~ Wale. 5=Park. 1215. 2-Ger. 814. 2. Sr arte pie i a doubling of the leaves. Leaves more or less toothed or serrated. Flowers yellow. The plants with teaves serrated are senienetial | in
® Its beautiful scarlet blossoms have gained it admittance into our gardens.
he peas leaves ge be eaten in the spring along with eo Bare s and —. it. Cows and horses refuse it. ; . dorsalis i is found upon it
494 POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranurculus. Dod. 432. 2—Lob. obs. 382. 3, and ic. i. 670. 2-Ger. ente 962. 3—Pet. 39. 6-H. ox. iv. 29. 35-F. Bs ili, 864. 34 Ger. 814. 3=Park. 1215. 3. Lesser Spearwort. Bogs, boggy meadows and ae of rivu-
e. Sept.” ©
Lin’gua. R. Leaves long spear-shaped: stem upright. BE. bot. 100—F/. dan. 755-Ger, 814. 1-Ger. em. 961. 1= Park. 1215. 1-H. ox. iv. 29. 33—Pet. 39. 5-F. B. iii. 865.
ow aot. ‘ lakes. Bogs on Iver Heath, near Uxbridge. Between Ros therhithe and Deptford. Bogs son Malvern Chace, Worcester. ire. Mr. Battarp.— n Pool, near Stafford. Sr. Ditches about Restennet, Angua shire. Mr. Brown.—Sides o Ancott Pool, Salop. Mr. Arxin.] P. = my Ae
gramin’eus. R. Leaves spéar-strap-shaped : stem sarc very smooth, few-flowered. y
Bauh. hist. iti. 866. 3. About a foot high. Leaves quite smooth, sitting, long and narrow like those of the grasses. F lowers pale yellow, smaller han those o
ingua. cimens brought from North Wales, by Mr. Prarrcnarp.
rep'tans, R. Leaves strap-shaped: stem creeping. Dicks. bh. s.—Kniph. 9-Lightf. i. frontispiece-Fl. dan. 108 Amman. 13. 1-Fl. lapp. 3. 5.
* It is very acrid. — externally it inflames and blisters the skin. Horses eatit. Cows, sheep, goats, and swine refuseit. Its acri- mony rises in distillation. Some years ago a man travelled in several
instant they were swallowed. The distilled water of this plant was his edicine ; and, from the pened mer have had of it, I feel myself au- thorised to assert, of in the case of poison being swallowed, or other
which the white ee sometimes does, thereby defeating the intention for which it was give
~~
7 ee ae
*
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranunculus.
IT am almost certain that it is merely a variety of R. Flam- ‘mula, having observed a series of gradations between the two. Hatt. Woopwarp. Brown. It approaches very near to some states of R. Flammula, Licute. Stem slendere Leaves 1 to 4 at each joint, upright. F/owers solitary, terminating, or at the joints ; small, yellow. Woopwarp.
Narrow-leaved Crowfoot. Sides of lakes, rare. West end of Loch Laver. a= margin of Conniston Water, Laneash.
Mr. Woopw.—lIn a field between an old entrenchment and the igh road near Radeibe race ground, ' Mr. Carry. On the gins of Loch Tay. Mr, Brow Ne] ee ‘ae Aug.
@) Leaves dissected and dwided, not unt
R. Root-leaves kidney-shaped, scolloped, cut: stem- eaves fingered, strap-shaped: stem miany-flower-
e
Cini » bot. 624—Fuchs. 156-Trag. 97-F. B. iti. 857. 3- Lonic. i. 162. 2-Kuiph, 2—Fl. dan. 665—Lob. ic.669. 2- Ger. 954. 7-Park, 320. 7—Pet. 38. 2-H, ox. iv. 28. 15— Pet. 38. 6—Ger. 807. 8.
Root-leaf heart-shaped. _Stem-leaves, the lower bird footed, on leaf-stalks , broader, blunt; the upper fingered, sitting, op- posite, sakbeeacli estem. Stem forked or 3-forked. Calyx united at the base, scarce perceptibly woolly. ee during the season for the le afin ng o of trees 2» in the season of the flower- ing of trees 2 or 3, in the season of fruitin jee bs on. a it may be easily taken for a different plant. Linn. Nectary a small oblique hole at the bottom of ay petals not covered a any scale. Curr. “ae and ne neon
weet viafaun, Galilocks” Woods groves, and btves in darcy soil. Mr. Woopw. ] P. April, May.
R. Lower-leaves hand-shaped, the upper fingered: fruit oblong.
E. bot. 681—Curt -F]. dan. 571-Fuchs. 159-Trag. 93-F. B. iii. 858. 1—Lonic. i. 163. 2—Dod. 426, 2-Lob. obs. 382- 1, and ic. i, 669. 1-Ger. em. 962. 4—Park. 1215. C~Pet. 38. rd. ox. IV. 20. 27 and 28—Matth, 610.
small Riccptecls egg-sha TOODWAR ant dark green,
» much branched. Stem smooth, ewes thick. Leaves smooth, with 3 or 4 deep divisions ; segments -shaped, more or less ja 5 pepe small, yellow. Fras conical, or ob- long eggs
495
afiri’comus.
scelera’tus.
496 POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranunculus.
Rowstil-lenvied Water Crowfoot. Celery-leaved Crowfoot. — A. Ma
Shallow waters. ay, June.*
a’cris. R, ae expanding: fruit-stalks cblindsiealé leaves with
divisions, and many clefts, the uppermost strap- Se
inca Cart.-E. bot. 659.-Waode, 246-Wale.-F. B. iii. 416- Blackaw. 31.2 and e~Dod. 426, 1-Lob. obs. 379. 2; and ic. i, 665, 1~Park. 328. 2=Pet. 38. 3-H. ox. iv. 28.16. Stem with hairs laid to. Cal. hairy, coloured. Leaves hairy, segments black or deep e at the points ; stem-deaves sitting,
but sheathing the joints. Leaf: stalks hairy. Fruit-stalks not
furrowed. Bloss. yellow. Battie Flower, Batter Cups. Meadows and Figg very P, June » july.t Var. 2. Fruit-stalks flatted; flowers small. Pool dam at Edgbaston ; the end of June.
(3} Leaves dissected and divided uniform. parviflo’rus. R. Seeds rough with tubercles ending in hooked points:
leaves heart-shaped, hairy, lobed or toothed: stem a rostrate,
ae eed | 8 Tae
E. bot. 120—Ray 12. 1, at tps 326~—H., OX. iv. aie 21~Pet. 38. te
9§—Pluk. 55.1
Whole plant srailisig close on the ground, Root-leaves on very" long leaf-stalks, kidney, or heart-shaped, toothed. Stem leaves kidney-shaped ; upper ones sitting, simple or with 3 divisions, all the leaves extremely soft to the touch like the nose of a horse. pic; small, yellow. Seeds flatted; the hooked prickles very _ min Small. flowered Crowfoot. Corn fields and meadows, in a gravelly soil. Near Camberwell; and Greenstreet Green not fat from Dartford, Kent. [ Malvern Hill, Wescueealiies, Mr. ALLARD.—Near Norwich. Mr. Pircurorp.—and Worcester. Sr.—St. Vincent’s Rocks. Mr. Swaynz.—Lymington and Lul-
worth Cove, Dorsetshire. plentiful. ] A, May, June: |
hedera’ceus, R. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed, very entire: stem creeping.
he whole plant is very Corrosive; and beggars are said to use it te ulcerate their feet, which they expose in that seed to excite compassion —Goats eat it. Cow s, horses, and sheep re and goats eat it, Cows, horses, and swine refuse pace sad | horses leave this plant untouched, oe a their aia ree are,—It is very acrid, and easily blisters the skin,
a ee ea
ee ell ek cade
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranunculus,
Curt. 247-Fl. dan. 321—F. B. tii 782. 2-H. ox. iv. 29.29 Bh EDs
Leaves shining, some kidney-shaped, lobes nearly tan: shaped. Leaf-sta is flatted. Fruit-stalks not furrowed. Petals spear-shaped, white. Sram. 5, 6, 7, rarely more. Nectaries bagi ee smooth,
Ivy d Crowfoot, On the mud vd slow shallow rivu- lets. “Winery laces, ne and slow a. . ee speek in Suffolk. Mr. CopWARD.}]
497
R. Leaves wpe water snatches those above with sia aquat‘ilis. cen
E. bot. 101—Pet. . aes B, iii. 781. 1~Barr. 565~Dod. 587. 2—Lob. obs. 497. 2, and ic. ii. 35. 2—Ger. em. 829. 2—Park. 1216. 8-H. ox. iv. 29. 31.
Flowers on fruit-stalks which arise from the same
sheath — or leaves ; white, with a yellow spot at the base. Nectary a short
tube. Water pea Ponds and ditches. | P. May—July.
Var. 2. large-flowered. None of the leaves hair-like ; flow- ers very large.
Tg!
n 1 that had i‘ ao Sw ~~ “y been a quarry, near Sodbury, Gloucester “ be 3. circinatus, All the leaves hair-like, forming a round~ ish outl
PE: 55. o-Pet. 39. 3-C. B. pr. 73. 2-F. B. iii. 784. "af
“a 1257. 8. ii All the leaves hair-like, segments Gacal. ing, auiiae ular. Hi. ox. iv. ad 32—Ger. ae: B. iii. 781. 2—Pet. 39. 2.
Var ign All the leaves hair-like ; segments very long, parallel, t aking the direction of the stream
Fl. dan. 376-F. B. iii. 782. 1-Lob, ic. i si 1—Ger, em.
827. 3—Park. 1256. 5—Pet. 39. 4. Rivers. River Tame about Tamworth, &c. the sed ay t. ST
* So far is this plant from possessing the deleterious a ueeally attributed to it, that Dr. Pulteney, i oe the fifth Vol. of the Lin. t
498"
hirsu’tus,
bulbo’sus,
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Ranunculus,
R. Root fibrous: stem hairy: calyx pimpled, hairy, taper ponies at length reflected. (Curris.) Curit.—F. B. iii. 417. 3.
Stem more branched and spreading ; hairs stiffer and longer than in R. bulbosus. Leaf-stalks of the lower leaves hollow, and if cut asunder, the nerves appear projecting into the inside of the tube. Leaves, lobes 3 more distinct, the middle sua outer- most rounder ir ‘ess deaty divided at the edges, the side ones with a portion as if cut out from the inner edge ; ym mee! with irregular pale or whitish spots, and the upper su ith projecting points, from which the hairs arise. Flower vs more
numerous, smaller, and seeds smaller than in R. du/bosus. Curr.
Rows fibres lon thick, white. Root-leaves either entire of
the middle leafit on a leaf-stalk.. _ Flowers pale yellow. Wooswras
Mr. Chek: a it not an uncommon plant, but that its = calyx has upon botanists, bo from that cir it~
mstance have iecddensa it as the R. dulbosu Bale clayey places, where water’ has sions ‘during the win- ter. Salt ma arshes near Gravesend. Ray.—Various places about
plentifully by the sea side on the sore. Aas banks about South+
ampton. Curt.—Road sides, rubbish, inc oe 088 bee i [Amongst corn in a cla sgt a pep a ar marshes, Yarmouth. Mr. Woopwarp.} A. June Sef E
R. Root bulbous: calyx reflected: fruit- Va. furrowed : stem upright, rany-flowered: leaves compound.”
E, bot. 515—Mill. ill.-Curt.-Kniph. 7-Walc.-Fl. dan. 551=
Dod. 431. 1-Lob. obs. 380. 3, and ic. Ay 667. 1-Gere 953. 6~Park. 329. 5—Pet. 38.4—-Fuchs. 160-F. Be iike 417. 4—Ger. 806.°6~Matth. 614. Root globular, fibrous at the base. Stems a foot high Soc right, bare at the base, towards the top leafy, and branche Lyons.. Calyx at the Salen thin and semi-tran
never throwing out suckers like the R. repens. ee “Uy a ;
leaves, divisions strap-shaped. Bulb formed d above Se
last ad When i it comes into flower, the old one, in eee in a state under the new one, and suf-
may rounded by the fibres, but without the least appearance of suckers
proceeding from either of them. In a turf containing 6 pl the roots were all distinct, excepting one, which ie its size, to be a seedling, with the old bulbs at
has given ample gene to its capability of almost alone support vin orses, cows, and pigs in good condition, and the an om eat 1
i
ttom. Pes
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Trollius.
tals bright yellow. Mr. Woopw. Balbous root globular, but compressed. Nectary short, inversely heart-shaped ; but in the Re irsutus, . is oblon ow This circumstance alone is wo to distinguish t Butter Flower. Butter an Gold Cup. Bulbons — Meadows and pastures.
R. Calyx expanding: fruit- stalks furrowed: suckers creep ing: leaves compound. .
Curt. 211—E, bots 516-Blackw, 31. 1=Fl. dane 795-Dod: 425=Lob. obs. 379. 1, and ic. 1. 664. 2=Ger. em. 951. 14 Pet. 38.7 and 8—H.ox. iv. 28.18-Pet. 38, 8—Ger. 804.1. The stem creeping and striking out roots from the joints, will diwiye distinguish this from the R. bulbosus. Fruit-stalks with 5 furrows, one or two flowers. Cai. hai -
not t gehoredh Bloss, of a deeper yellow than in the R. acris. reeping Crowfoot, Butter Cups. Meadows, pastures, on rub-
bish under hedges, and in gardens, i in moist gee
P, June—Aug.
R. ot #8 DEC upper leaves doubly compet strap-
ge Be 135-Kniph, 12-Walc.—Fl, dan. 219—Fuchs. 157-f- B. iii. 859. 1-Dod. 427. 2—Lob. obs. 380. 1, and 7.1. 665. 2—Ger. em. 951. 3—Park, 328. 4—H. ox. iv. 29. Bae 33. 10-Ger. 805. 3.
Whole plant leafits era owers rye yellow. Seeds mo cbrioen'y pki tie those of t R paorilore: Seeds a and flowers existing on the same totem ii the same time.
Co rn Crowfoot. Common in corn field A, June.*
TROL'LIUS. €a/. none: petals about 14: cap- sules many, egg-shaped, many-seeded. T. Petals approaching : nectaries as long as the stamens. Kxniph. 4-Fl. dan. 133-E. bot. 28-Clus, i. 237. 1-Dod. 430. 1—Lob. obs. 385. 1, and ic. i, 675—Ger. em. 955. 12— Ger. 809. 13-F. B. iii. 419=H. ox. xii. 2. 2-Matth, 613—Park, par. 219. 11. * It has 1 lately been said that cows, horses, and sheep in Italy eat it greedily, though . is soacrid as to poison the latter, Three ounces of the juice killed a n four minutes. Its ayruce: ote, if not wi in
cornfields, where aetle are excluded, may possib y be the reaso have not heard of mischief being done by it in chit ——s LL2
pale; upright, eae eee of the upper
re‘pens.
arven’siss
Europe’us.
viridis.
fuet’idus.
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Helleborus.
Blossoms closed, yellow. Nectaries Ac ig not longer than she of stamens. Germens upright. Linn. aves round in. their circumscription, divided to the base into 5, agence very entire
at the base, jagged upwards. Capsules ribbed transversely, ter- _ minated by a crooked horn, pointing outwards, giving the heada
star-like appearance. Mr. Woopwarp. Globe flower. Lockecipest ‘ans. Gowlans Globe-flower. Sides of mountains and mountainous meadows in ‘Wales and the north of England. Hups.—Skirrith Wood, and moist woods about Settle, Yorkshire. Curr.—Scotland, Licutr.—[ Near Trout- beck, Westmoreland. Woopwarp. At the road side near Dale Park, i in Furness Fells. ag mens apantis 5 in the county of Durham, common. .OBSO - May, June. It is cultivated i in our ‘ore oe
HELLEBORUS. Bloss. none: cal. 5 leaves, often coloured : wectaries 2-lipped, tubular: caps. like a legumen; many-seeded, rather up- right, beaked.
H. Stem many-flowered, leafy : leaves finger-like.
Facq. austr, 106—Curt.-Blackw. 509 and 510-E, bot. 200- Kuiph. 1-Fuchs. 274-F. B. iii. 636~Clus. i, 275. 1- Dod. 385. 2-Lob. obs. 387. 2. andic. i. 680, 2-Ger. em. 976. 2-Park. 212. 2 and 3-H. ox, Xil. 4. 5-Ger. 825.2% —Trag. 405—Lonic. i. 171. Q—~Mazrth.-1221.
Pistils 3, sometimes 4, rarely 5. Crantz, Segments of the
leaves fake ae particularly upwards. Flowers mostly.
2: ,Jeny
Green, flowered Hellebore. ‘Woods and dry pastures in chalky soil. Bigwin Closes, Ditton, and Whitwell, Cambridgeshire. rundel Castle, Sussex Knowlton - Kent; and Stoken
Church, Oxfordshire. [Orchard near ‘Mr. Ballard’s, Robinson’s End, Malvern Chace. Mr. Wexts. Near Piersbridge, but scarce. Mr. Rosson. ] P. March—May-
H. Stem many-flowered, leafy : leaves bird-footed.
E. bot. 613-Woodv. 19—Kniph. 12—Blackw. 57-Fuchs. 275 -¥, B. iii. 880-Trag. 251—Ded. 386—Lob. obs. 337. 4¢ and ic. i. 680. 1-Ger. em. 976. 4—Lob. obs. 387. 3. and ic. i, 679. 2-Ger. em. 976. 3—Park. 212. 3—H. ox. Xiie 4,6-—Ger. 826.
Ail the ye" on = stem, none towards the root. Linn. Leaves dee ranches, leaf-scales, floral-leaves, and
Rep. BFS fiwwers pale eck yéllor: Stipula at the divisions of the
a ee Sa
el BS
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Caltha.
branches oval-spear-shaped, omnes the stem, solitary, with 3 — clefts at the end tinged w tple. Floral-leaf oval. ar-shaped, entire, solitary, at ie ase of each fruit-stalk, ‘lged with purple. Mr. Woopwarp. F/oqwers numerous, some- what globular, green, sometimes tinged with purple at the edges. Stem sot a yard hi
igh. ars-foot. Setterwort. Oxheel. Stinking rebct Mea. - Cherry-hint
dowis shady places, and h ‘ Ty » Fulbourn, Triplow, Cambridgeshire. Downs near. ai Sussex. Woods betw:
een Gounsbery and Blackwell, Somersetshire. [ Bath ear Bungay, - Mr. Woopwarp. . Woods in 'Tort-
Hills, a woes Park, Geecweatie. Mr. Baxer. Rockingham F. orest, Northamptonshire, P. April.*
common. Mr. Pirr.]
CALTHA. Cul. none: petals 5: nectaries none : caps. several : many- seeded. .
“E. bot. 506—Kniph. 7—-Munt. pan 436. 129=CurtoFl, dan: 668-Marth. 846~-Clus. ii. 114, 4—Dod, 598. 1-Lob.obs: 323, 2. and ic. 1. 594. 1—Ger. em. 817. 1 -Trag. T42- ¥. B. iii. 470—Lonic. i. 88. 3—Park. 1213. 1-Ger, 670, 2 and bo ali: :
Caps. from 4 to Mr. Houerear. pets ki dney- shaped, entire, aba MA regularly toothed. . Petals yellow, from 5 to7. Stamens in 2 rows, inner row wi ith broad anthers, outer row twice Gb tongs club-shaped, with the anthers com-
Var. 2. Blossoms double.
Park. 1213, 2—Clus. ti. 114. 2-Ger. em: 818. 3-Ger. 681: 3.
pate Pes be Meadow-bouts. Moist meadows. Banks of rivers and pools, common. P, April, May.t SAGITTA’RIA. Stam. and pist. in different flow- ers on the same plant: ca/. 3 leaves : sages
3 petals.
beigad ai leaves are frequently given to children to destroy worms,
but ‘Gay st be used s eb , being violent in their operation ; and in-.
spar
Stances Ae a at fatal effects are\ recorded. country people put the
root into setons made through h the dewlaps of oxen. A decoction of 1 or 2 — either of this, or of the preceding species, is a sharp purge.
The flowers gathered before they expand, and preserved in salted
ae
s such an inflammation that they generally die. U pon May-day the paced people strew the flowers before their doors.
> palus’ tris.
POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Sagittaria.
Male. Filam. about 24. Fem. Seeds many, naked.
sagittifo/lia, S. Leaves arrow-shaped, acute.
E. bot. 84—Gies. 64-Fl. dan. 172-Wale, “B=Dod. 588. 2= Lab. obs. 161.2, and ic. 3. 302. 1—Ger. em. 410. 2=Park, 1247. anF- B. iii. 789—Pet. 43.11.
done in Pet. 43.9; baie reed which fae Mare eas water, arrow-shaped, very entire, smooth, with parallel ribs and a net- work of veins. Leaf-stalks tapering, convex underneath, con- cave above, covered by the water. Flowers 3 in a whirl, Flower-scales smail, oval leeecaieced. 1 t the fale of each fruit- stalk, embracing the stem. Frunatalés of the barren flowers an inch long, of the fertile flowers about ah an inch, and stronger. al. 1 \eaf with 3 divisions. Lower flowers female, -t od upper ~ with from 1.to 5 pistils ; none stamens Flowers white with a purplish tinge at. es claws of the. . but Bs ‘eadily falling off that it is difficult to carry tfipes home for examination Commun Arrowhead. Ditches and banks of slow rivers, P, July.*
Var. 2. smaller. Ger. 337-7. B. iii. 790. 2=Pet. 43, 12.
On the Thames shore, over against Lambeth palace; and before the E, of Peterborough’s bo ouse, above the horse ferry, on
Westminster side. R. Syn he other varieties mentioned by
pte appear to me to differ merely in size, ‘The ?of Linneus of Hall. i is surely imaginary, for the strap-shaped igs al tes always found both before and after flowering. Woopw.
re is always a bulb at the ete part of the root, growing in the
solid Boag ‘ema ¢ mud. This bulb constitutes a considerable part of the oft “te and u that acc — ~ vin ig it. Horses, goats, and swine cat it; cows bas not fond of it
ia aaa
DIDYNAMIA.
CLASS XIV. DIDYNAMIA. | GYMNOSPERMIA.
(1) Cups mostly 5- cleft.
'
* LEONU/RUS. Anthers sprinkled with hard sciehae
GLECO’MA. Anthers in pairs; each pair forming a cross, gee Filaments distant ; coments Bloss. nearly re-
VERBENA. Blas nearly aan’ upper segment of the
cup shorte TEU’CRIUM. Bios. without any upper lips ; we seg ment of the petal divided.
A’JUGA. Bloss. upper lip shorter than the stamens.
GALEOB/DOLON. Bioss,. upper lip entire, vaulted: lower lip 3-cleft ; ents broad, acute: Anthers fleshy on the back. (E oid
BETO’NICA. Bloss. upper lip Tube og _Jindrical : Stam. as long as ne yeti the tube
LA’MIUM Bloss. with a bristle-shaped sent. on Amy side the lower lip, (on each side the mouth.)
GALEOP’SIS. Bloss. with 2 teeth upon the lower lip.
STA’CHYS. Bloss. lateral segments of the lower ips a flected: Stamens after flowering turned to the si
NE’PETA. Bloss. lower lip scolloped: Mouth with ‘he edge reflected.
BALLO’TA. Cup with 10 scores: Bloss. upper lip vaulted.
MARRU’BIUM. Cup with 10 scores: Bloss. upper lip flat and straight.
_[Origanum. Melissa Nepeta.]
(2) Cups 2-lipped.
SCUTELLA’RIA. Cup after Se closed with 2 cover, and Nisctatttige HO a helm
DIDYNAMIA. THY’MUS. Cup (mouth small ;) closed with soft hairs, (* In Melissa Calamintha, and M. Nepeta, the mouth of the cup is also closed with hairs.) PRUNEL/’LA. Filaments all forked at the end, ORIG’ANUM. Cups forming a tiled cone. CLINOPO’DIUM. Cups inclosed in an involucrum. MELITTIS. Cup wider than the tube of the blossom: Upper lip of the blossom flat; entire Anthers cross- ing each other
ene Cup seca skin-like 3 upper np ascend. foe ]
ANGIOSPERMIA. (1) Cups. cloven. .' OROBAN’CHE. Caps. 1 celled: Bloss. nearly equal ;4- cleft: a gland under the base of the germen. - (2) Cups 4~cleft. | LATHR#’A. Caps. 1-celled: ‘Bloss. gaping: a pa une der the base of the germen BART’SIA. Caps. 2-celled: Blois. gaping: Cup coloured: (not coloured in our species.)
EUPHRA‘’SIA, i ~ celled: Bloss. gaping : lower An-
thers with pease “Cofe” 2-celled: Calyx thi cased' Bloss. gaping. MELAMPY’RUM. Caps. 2-celled: Bloss. gaping: Seeds 2; bulging.
(3) Cups 5-cleft. © LIMO’SELLA. Caps. 1-celled, many-seeded: Bloss bell-shaped; regular,
‘SCROPHULA/RIA. — Caps. 9-celled: Bloss. facing ne
wards; the lip with a middle segment more inwar SIBTHOR’PIA. Caps. 2-celled: Bloss. wheel-shaped: Stam. placed 2 and 2; approaching. DIGITA’LIS. Caps. 2-celled: Bloss. eee. ele shaped ; bellying. op, toe under side: Stam, decl ing.
»
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Ajuga. 505
ANTIRRHI’NUM. ve Z —— Bloss. gaping; with @ projecting nectary
, PEDICULARIS. Caps. necmree Bloss. gaping: Seeds ated.
LINNE’A. Berry 3- celled, aHIPeless Bloss. bell- ee ., Calyx superior, ;
GYMNOSPERMIA.
A'JUGA.. Bloss. upper lip very small : stamens ‘longer than the upper lip. A. Plant prolly forming 'a 4-sided harass leaves ob- ejriamsldatln, » dong, toothed: root-leaves the largest Fl. dan. 185-Blackw. 64. 2. Plan as taken from the bottom to the top Neg a. py- ramid, ve ty simple, clothed with leaves pointing 4 ways, gradu-
= Ge
ence of a oat far in opposite alternate pairs ; the upper tinged with purple. Paral eee longer than the flow- ers. Flowers from the bosom of the leaves, not more than 3 to- gether. Calyx very hairy, dhe a way down ; segments awl-shaped, nearly equal. Mr. Woopwarp.
I have never seen a specimen of British growth ; the Ass eae taken for itis the A. alpina. Mr. W oodward th inks
from the North of Ragland; but does not recollect the particular eer Dr. Hope informs me that it has been found on Ben Ne-
in Lochaber, and on the Burn of Killogower and Ord of Cie, 3
A. Stéms simple ; leaves pearly all of a size. Linn. middle alpi‘na. stem- leaves the =a root-leaves smaller, taper- “ ing into leaf-st E. bot. 477-Ludw. a Kaish 3-F. B. iii. 432. 1 1-Pet. 34. 4—Riv. mon. 76; Bugula montana.-H. ox. xi. 5. 3. bad, “Pluk. 18.35 bad; not agreeing with his description ; very unlike the A. pyramidalis, and too meagre for the
506
rep’tans.
Chame’- pithys.
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA, Ajuga:.
|< A; alpina~Clus. tis pa 43, Bugula carne flore, quoted by Linnzus, seems from the creeping suckers, to be only @
hairy var. of the As reptans. ‘* The pairs of leaves and the-whorls are rather distant, by no means crowded into a pyramidal form as in A. pyramidalis, not are the radical leaves (as in that species) 3 or 4 fee a, large as
those on the stem, and very hairy; but, on the tary, the lower leaves are but little larger than the pith no all very: nearly smooth, veiny, unequally toothe he bractee some-
times quite entire, sone toothed ; the ep ae only ti nged ey are all reddish.
son ‘Turner. untains. Carnedh enti Garmirvieahirey Wh Ra ¥. Gy Jats.
A. Plant smooth ; a creeping kas leaves “88° _ shaped, scolloped. E. bot. 489-Curt.—Fl, dan. 925-Sheldr. 35-Riv. mon. 75,
1, Bugula.—Fuchs. 391. B, iii. 430. 2 and 3-Walem
Kuiph. 3-Trag. 311-Blackw. 64, 1-Lonic. i, 145. 2 H. ox, xi. 5. row 3. 1-Barr. 337 and 338—Matth. 962+ Ded. 135. 2-Lob. obs. 252.1, and ic. i. 475. 2-Ger. ettte 631. 1-Park. 525—Ger. 506. 1. In high and dry situations it becomes somewhat baitye the stem Jess distinctly 4-sided, the spike tapering “bn a ~~ short ; oan to ris A. ghar t has ‘only m from a se t the la ag gh Mr. Goucs.
A. Leaves 3-cleft, strap- -shaped, very entire: flowers sit- ting, lateral, solitary : stem spreading
E. bot. 77-Kniph. 8-Ludw. 130—Riwv. mon. ee: 1, Chame-
pithys—Fl. dan.7 33-H.ox. xi. 22. row 3.1—Dod. 46.1—Lob-
obs. 07. 2, and ic. i. 382. 2~Ger. em. 525. 1-Matth. 940-
Ger. 421, 1—Park. 283. 1—Fuchs. 886-F. B. iii. 295. 1
and 2-Trag. 80-—Blackw. 528—Lomic. i. 159.2. Bless, yellow, with minute red dots, Rannan. Stem hairy.
EO LLL ee ee
tie. dee nena a medeanaael _
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. Teucrium. 507
what heart-sha bsidcm:* - the rest v hate airy. Mr. Woo oopw. Ground Pine, Germander. Teucrium Chamepithys, Linw But the structure of the upper lip of the blossom is not like that of the Teucrium, deeply divided with the stamens standing in the division, but short and slightly notched as in the Ajuga. On this account it has been removed from the former genus aa , Schreber,’ &c. and Dr. Smith in E. bot. ranks it as an Ajuga, to which genus it undoubtedly ought to be in practical system Sandy fallow fields. On the Lays about the border of Tri act low Heath, ti about Rochester and Dartford Kent. . Roehill Aw: ‘April—June.*
TEU’CRIUM. Upper lip upright, deeply divided, ~ even below the base : stamens in the division. T. Lege wedusceag shaped, cut, scalloped. on leaf-stalks, Chamadrysé flowers 3 together: stems somewhat hairy. E. bot. aE Be os oe 97. 1.6.-Sheldr. 87-Blackw. 180-Riv. mon. 10-Fuchs. 869-F. B. iii. 288. 1-Ger. 530. 1, 2, and 3—Matth. 818-Trag. 204- Lonic. i. 62, 4—Dod. 43. 1, and 2-Lob. obs. 260. 1 and ic. i. 401. 1, and 2~Ger. em. 656, 1 and 2-Park. 104— Ay oxi Xi. 22, 10 and 11-Clus. i. 351. 1s Floral-leaves serrated. Bloss. purple; lip re a 3 "1 low clefts. Linn. Stem eylindvical, hairy. Leaves leaf. stalks, deeply jagged, entire at the base, hairy ; the cer oval. spear-shaped, often purple. Flowers on fruit-stalks. Mr. Woop- warp. Calyx the upper segment broadest, the 2 lower ones est, beset with white globules, Bloss. amg? purple, be. set without with white globules; middle ent of the lower lip ree with a double row . hairs at the Common Germander. Borders of coriiidlds far from any house. Ruins of Win alee. ‘Castle, Ray. [Norwich city
walls. Mr. Crowe. In the area of Carisbrook Castle in the Isle of Wight. Sr. Rubbish of 1 Whittington Castle, near Os- westry, Salop. Mr. Dickenson, ] P. June, July.t
* This plant has a degree of bitterness and acrimony, but its real use is far from being a Ante ascertained. It stands recommended in the Gout, jaundice, and intermitting fevers.
+ The | gue is bitter, with a degree of a, and may be used with advantage in weak and relaxed couatnitions. ntti is an ingredient in the celebrated go gout powders,
508
Scorodo’nt
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Nepeta. _T. ~n heart-shaped, serrated, on leaf-stalks : flowers n lateral bunches, pointing one way: stem upright.’
Curt. 295-Kniph. 11—Blackav. 9—Dod. 291—Lob. obs. 262. 1, and ic. i, 497. 2—Ger. em. 662-—Park. 111. 2-H. oxs
xi, 20. 15-Riv. mon. 12=Fl. dan. 485-Trag. T5y 2
ayaet tages dh B. iti. 295. 1, aye 294.
dip none, but the top of abe ‘dbs: slightly en. Wood Sage. Sage Germander. Woods, waco pie te and ditch banks, P. July
Scor’dium. T. Leaves oblong, sitting, toothed, nakedish : flowers m
Cata’ria.
pairs, ‘on fruit-st talks, axillary: stem pubescent,’
spreading. ©
E. bot. 828—Blackw. 475-Fl. dau. 593-Woodv. 57-Matth. 842—Ger. 534. 1 and 2-Trag. 885—Riv. mon. 11-Scor- dium.—Dod. 126. 2—Lob. obs. 261. 3, and ic. i. 497. I- Ger. em. 661—Park. 111. 1-H. ox. 11. 22. 14—Lonic. 1. i 196. 3-Fuchs. 776-F. B. iti. 292.2.
Stem cylindrical, hairy. Leaves gat pepe tapering and
entire at the base, serrated upwards, t the top of the -
branches alas rte d, nearly entire. Calyx hairy, purplish. wer flowers often solitary. Woopwarp. Flowers pink.
Water Germander. Marshes of the Isle of Ely. Between
ibaa and Histon, Waterbeach. Cottenham P. July, Aug.t
NE/PETA. Bloss. middle segment of the lower lip -
scolloped; mouth, the edges reflected : sta- mens approaching.
N. Flowers in spikes : whirls on short fruit-stalks : leaves on leaf-stalks, heart-shaped, tooth-serrated.
The people of Jersey are said to make use of it in brewing. It possesses the bitt but upon trial it gave too much colour to the liquor.
+ The fresh leaves me a and somewhat pungent. etna, ed they destroy worms. ecoction of this plant is a good fomentation in gan- “grenous cases. If cows aa - when compelled by hunger, their milk gets a garlick favour, Sheep and goats eat it. Horses, cows, and swine refuse it.
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA, Verbena.
E. bot. 137—Blackw. 455-Fl. dan 580-—Kniph. §-Dod. 90-
Lob. obs. 270. Ny and ic. 1. 51}. 1-Ger. ems 682. 1=Pet.
32. 1-Matth. 719—-Lonic. i. 112. 1—Riv. mon. 52, Ne» peta-Trag. 15. 1—Ger, 554. 1-H. ox. xi. 6. row 2.3. Leaves of a velvet-like Sheen sabe mostly turned to one
side of the stem. Calyx owny, W ith g haere Bloss. white,
wards, and set with a tuft of white bristles at the base. Stamens ahee “ee than upper lip. Stem and /eaves white with down. Nep. mint. Pastures and hedges in a calcareous soil. Cie Banga, “Saffolk. Woopwarp. oe act ts. Mr. Swayne. e beach at Rampside, urness. Mr. Arxinson.—
Dudley Caste, Needwood F shes Staffordsh. ] P. Jaly.*
VERBE‘NA. Bloss. funnel-shaped, segments near- Ty equal: calyx one of its teeth lopped : seeds 2 or 4; naked.
509
V. Spikes thread-shaped, panicled : leave. with many officina’lis,
efis : stem E. bot. 767—Ludw. 149-Curt. —Kniph. 4~Riv. mon. 56-Ver- bena—Woodv. 218—Wale.—Clus. ii, 45. 2-Ded. 150. 1= Lob. obs. 289. 2; and ic, is 534. 2-Ger. em.7 18. 1—Park. 675. 1-F/. dan. 628-—Blackw. 41-Trag. 210-Matth. 1052 see 580. 1-Fuchs. 593~F. B. iii. 443-Lonic. i, 138
ids tae deeply lobed, and jagged, the “fais 3.cleft, or simple. Woopwarp. Stem nearly 4-co A pm Flowering branches
with 2 lips, the upper cloven into 2, the lower into 3 nearly equal segments ; purplish. Stamens 4, 2 of them longer. Seeds
Res English botanist to look for it in this class, though Linnzus has placed i it in the class Diandria, because the greater number of species have only 2 stamens.
may be ee for adose. Cats are so de-
iti is chloe om ‘evils 3 and, in cuppett of this opinion, quotes an old say- ing, ‘* If you set it, road ee will eat it; if you sow os the cats will not know it.’? It cannot well be planted Sakon t being more or less bruised. St.—-Sheep eat it. nea horses, goats, and swine sat ae gh
sylves’tris.
viridis,
_ of flowers much longer than
<%
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Mentha. Simpler’s Fay. “Waste places, stone walls, sides
Vervain. of great roads, [At the foot of Pe Vincent’s rocks all along the course of the river, very aie 1.] A. Aug. —Sept.
MEN’THA. Bloss.. nearly equal; 4-cleft: the . broader segments notched at the end ; stant. upright, distant.
Ons. ‘The. species and varieties of Mint are not sufficiently ascertained. The proportionate Iength of the stamens and the blossom seems a variable circumstance, and if so, should not form a part of the specific character.
(1) Flowers in spikes. [M. piperita.] M. Spikes oblong : leaves oblong, serrated, cotton rs? stamens longer than the blossom. Linn. not longer. Huns. E. bot. 686—Kniph. 9-Riv. mon. 51. 1-Fl. dan. 484—Clus.ii. 32. 1-Dod. 90-Lab. obs. 273. 1, and ic. 1, 509, 2-Gere em. 684. 3—Park. 33. 0-H. ox. xi. 6. 6—Pet. 31. 11 Fuchs. 2992-F. B. iii. 221-Trag. 20. 1—Maztth. 714, Leaves whitish, woolly and cottony enderseath. Linn. Horse Mint. pepe and watery places. Burwelbeck, Lin- daeabiee behind the a ten Great Yea m, Essex. Lewis- , Kent, between Ripleytal d Guildf { Bungay, Suffolk, frequent. Woopw. Thorn, Yorkshire, Mi. Rosson. ] P. Aug.
itn S5 vte Sn ar = cecil
M. Spikes oblong: leaves spear-shaped, naked, serrated sitting: stamens longer than the blossom, = Woodv. 270-Cait. epit. 4774Ger. 552. 2-Dod. 95. 4-Lob. obs. 271. 4. and ic. i. 508. 1-Ger. em. 680. 4—Park. 31— Dod. 95. 3-Lab. obs. 271.3. and ic. i. 507. 2—Ger. eft. 680, 3—Pet. 31. 7-Fuchs. 290-F. B. iii, 220-Trag. 20. 2—Lonic.i. 113. 2-Martth. 712. f Very nearly allied to M. y Met but smaller and smoother. Bios. purplish red. Liyn. — ea rap-spear-shaped. Spikes — roa
Oe ee yer ee
Spear-mint, Watery places and banks of rivers. Near Ex- mouth, Devonshire, and on the banks of the fem Hops.
feta toh
e Ss
red, taller, thicker, and stronger, and divided at t the top id more flowering branches. Leaves blacker, shorter, and not $0, taper-pointed, appearing blunter, more wrinkled, teeth not sO
ee
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA., Mentha.
fine. Flowers smaller and paler.- Scent stronger, and not so agreea le. Ray.
M. Villosa. Hups. On the river side sat Bocking, Essex, and on the Medway near Maidstone. Ray.
M. Spikes oblong : leaves roundish, scolloped, sitting.
E. bot. 446-Riv. mon. 51. Ger. 555. omg 31. 12— F- Bi isi,. 240, % Leaves rather serrated than scolloped. Whole plant woolly. Flowers pale red. Round leaved Mint. i, ee pe side, Lydbrook, = Ross, E eant th door all, Essex, and near
‘ally, Kent. Horn refield eth: yards. Buacxst. rNed Saltburn, Yorhie. sas the sea, in a dry sandy place. Ne] P. Aug.
Mr. Rosso
(2) Flowers in Heads. M. Leaves egg-shaped, serrated, Beaty sitting, downy : stamens longer than th the blos E. bot. 447-Ger. 55S! 2~F. RB. iii. icausi. 32. Differs from from M,. aquatica in the leaves having shorter leaf- stalks, agrees in poe and the stamens being longer than the bloss. Calyx fringed. Piszil Jon er than the blossom. Bloss. with 4 clefts near. inn. Leaves smaller more pointed than M. aquatica, Bloss, purplish white. me Sides of rivers and wet P. Au Var. 2. Heads and leaves smaller, sages and ‘taki
Flowers smaller, not so much branched. Ray
The flavour of this species being more agreeable than sone a the th, Rd persian B32 Shiga cot culinary and medicinal purposes, A
given to stop ae gay and frequently with aya From the circum- under M,
- Stances notice arvensis, it has magined, that cataplagms
mentations of Min t, would: dissolve teas pesed of milk in the breasts ; but Dr. Lewis pe that the curd of milk, digested in Mt ies infusion of Mint, sould not be perceived to be any otherwise a by common wat ‘Hyehige 2 wages ie in which Mint leaves na a to ma-
erate did not deaulate ries T so as an equal quantity of the same itself
UK Dr. Lewis beats that dry Mint, steven in rectified Spirits of wine, gives out a tincture, which appears, by dayollg of ‘ ‘ine dark green, but, by candle-light, of a bright red colour. The fac
day-light; however, when held besvesen the ape and a ‘candle, or between
the re and the sun, it o that if put into a flat bottle it 5 either green, or red, as it is viel through the flat side or through the igs of the bottle,
hirsu’ta.
rotundifolia,
aquatica,
piperi’ta.
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA, Mentha.
Round-headed Mint. On a ad side from Pevensoy me |
East Borne. Ray. [Cornwall. Mr. Warr. Near the mill at Lilleshall, Shropshire
M. Leaves egs-sheped, serrated,,on leaf-stalks: stamens 3 longer than the blossom
Kniph. 11-Riv. mon. 49. M. 3 spic—H. ox xi. 7. 6—Fuchs.
722-F. B. iii. 223-Martth. 486-—Dod. 97-Lob. obs. 27 2+
2, and ic. 12 509. 1-Ger. em. 684. 1—Park. 1243—Pet.
31. 6-Lomic. is 114. 1-( Fl. dan. 673, is totally unlike it.)
The length of the stamens variable. Hupson. Svem reddish
coruals the top, and set with a few bristly hairs pointing down- war Leaves egg-spear-shaped, a little hairy on hoth sides,
sometimes woolly. Branches generally shorter than the leaves.
Calyx coloured, ribbed, hairy without, scored within ; teeth not
quite -equal, glands semi-transparent, loss. hairy without.
it pp half as long again as the blossom, nearly equal. Blass.
er
a Mint. Watery places and banks of rivers. [Sides of the river at Tamworth, the stamens in some specimens longer; in others shorter than the blossom.] . P. Aug.
M. ea eae shaped, on leaf-stalks stamens shorter an the b E. in ane 31. pare 10. 2. bas stamens niec® longer than the blossom, though referred to by
Flowers sometimes in whirls. Huns. Cina broader iad ES
Stem upright. Blossoms purplish red. Under each obi there are 2 pointed, spear-shaped, hairy feral-leaves. Var. 2. Flowers in spikes. Sr. Woodv. 169-Kuigge diss,—Blackw. 291. 2, and 1-Pet. 31.10. Spikes terminating the stem and u branches, consisting of from 9 to 12 whi W bhirls, the lower on fruit-stalks at a distance from each other. In external appearance corresponding with ay. wiridis, for which : aay easily be mistaken, but in
ie SE
_ Both this and the rf ay viz. the Linnezan M. piperita,
possess the same kind of odour and flavour, par in this the fla. .
8
roughness to the touch. In 2, the leaves are spear-shaped, and ite smooth on the upper surface, ‘This plant sends out suckers
very ae
Pepper Mint. Paling = and sides of rivulets, In Hertfordshire and Esse: tween Newington INSY » [Near the river anworth,] P. Aug, Sept.*
(3) Flowers in whirls.
513
M. Leaves eve-shaped, acute, serrated: stamens shorter genti‘lis. than the blossom.
E. bot. 440—Kuiph. 11-Fl. dan. 736—Fuchs. 201-F. B. iii.
Z17- le Very pan resembling M. arvensis, but hot so hairy, the stems red, an f the blossom
Whirls of pred lateral. Bloss. lower segment pointed. Calyx sprinkled with resinous dots. Linn. Stems red, smooth, Leaves bate es ee hairy. Hups. Stems with more or less of a red- dis towards the top. Leaf-stalks flat, short. Whirls com. of 2 lateral amb on eae Spee fee it-stalks. Floral-leaves 4 or 5 under ea rest smaller an srrap shepa wie a aif fay Hbbed, Belscred sprinkled with ing dots. Blossom with white hairs on the outside, and within rue Sichen: all of the same length, shorter than the bloss. Style half as long again as the blossom, falling off. Germens 4 ona Balowish green fleshy receptacle. Bloss. pale red. rubra «. Hupvs. Red Mint. Watery places and sides of arolele: P. July, Aug.
M. Leaves egg- ne iy acute, serrated: stamens as long a as the blos:
Kniph. i1-Fi/. das 519-Fucbs. 435-Trag. 16. 2-F. B. iii. 217. 2—Lob. obs. 270. 1, and ic. i. 505. 2—Ger. em. O84. 2—Park, 37. 5—Pet. 31. 5—Matth. 718-Trag. 24-H, oxe xi, Ty row 2, if 25
* The stem and leaves are beset with numbers of very minute glands, r
essence of Pepper Mint is ~ a medicine, and possesses the most active properties of the pla
Vor, III, Ms
arven’sis.
Pule’gium,
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Mentha.
Stems spreading. Whirls\ateral. Whole planthairy. Stamens equal in length to the border of the blossom. Bloss. lower seg- ment blunt. Calyxhoary. Linn. Stamens often lie within thi tube, so that were it not for the magi middle segment blossom, it might be supposed to entilis, POLLICH. Whole p/ant covered with soft white bie of a paler green than — * gentilis. Stem not tinged with red; hairs pointing down-
ards. Leaves towards the top ces <pear- a towards the mend roundish, Whirls composed of 2 opposite umbels, sit- ting. Calyx pale green, beset with soft white hairs, interspersed with very minute semi-transparent glands. Blossoms ithin and without. Stamens in some plants longer than the blossom.
Corn Mint. Watery places and moist corn fields.
P, July—Sept.
Var. 2. sativa. Stamens longer than the blossom. M. sativa. Lyn. In this variety the leaves are sometimes smooth, |
E. bot. 448-F/. dan. 794-Riv. mon. 48, 1. M. verti-He
@%. 3. 7. row 1
Marsh Mint. Marshy places, sides of —— and gardens. . A
. July
Var. 3. Leaves smaller and smoother. Ray Syn. 232. 2+ M. rubra 8 Huds. Side of the new river = athe saath end of Stoke Newington. Hop ground at eaene %
M. Leaves egg-shaped, blunt, somewhat. scolloped? stems roundish, creeping: : stamens longer than the bloss. .
Ludw. 195-Blackw, 302=Riv.23. 1 , Palegitm-Woode« 7 7 ~Fuchs. 198-F. B. tiie 256, 2-Trag. 23-Maith. 704- — Dod. 282-Lab. obs. 266. and ic. is 500. 1-Ger. em. 671. 1—Pet. 32. 2—Park. 29-Lonic, i. 114, aHe4 Ox. She To
row 2. 1. Stems with 4 blunt corners, hairy, branched. Leaves thick, slightly toothed, underneath set with deep semi-transparent dots.
loss. twice as long as the calyx, hairy Kowa Stamens equate - Pistils as long as the stamens, Bloss. pale purple. Pennyroyal Minty Moist heaths and dep See oF a pool at Robert’s End, near Hanley Castle, Worcestersh, Mr. Bate LARD. Side of a = at Erdington, ee ee Aug. Sept.
* It prevents the pee of — and when cows have eaten ity as they will do largely a end of summer, when the opaaniiea are bares and inner distresses them, their milk can hardly be oe 2 aoe cheese vhich sometimes puzzles the dairy m nd gat eat it; sheep : are not fond of it; cows and sw
expressed juice, with a little sugar, is nota bad medicine ia the houpiea cough, A simple and a spirituous water, “distilled from pee
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Glecoma. 515
~GLECO’MA. Cal. 5-cleft: anthers in pairs, each _ ~ pair formingacross, ©
G. Leaves kidney-shaped, scolloped. Hedera’ce! - E. bot. 853-—Ludw. 62-Vaill. 6. 5 and6-Curt. 143~Woode. — Q8=Fl, dan. 789-Riv. mon. 67.2, H. minor-Lonic. i. 205. 2—Matth. 626-—Dod. 394—Lob. obs. 336. 2. and ic. is 613. 2-Ger. em, 856. i-Park. 677. b-Wale.-F. B. iis
855. 2-Gere 7) 05-Fuchs. 876-Blackw. 225-Trag. 799. $ are somet imes imperfect, beg. of filaments
‘ L ut not secrete any odoriferous oil, for this surface being rubbed gives out no peculiar scent, whereas the under surface affords a pleasant sayin. odour. Bless. blue; sometimes, though rarely, flesh-colou F Var. 2. More dele Ot more hairy. Riv. mon. 67.1, Hedera terrestrisVaill.G. —Clus, iis 38.2 —Ger. em, 704. 6—Park. 677. a [Near Worcester. Sr.] : Gill. Ground Ivy. Cats-foot. te Alb Tun-hoof. Robin rur in the hedge. Groves, eesiaile shady places. , P, April, May.*
LA’MIUM. Bbloss. upper lip entire, vaulted ;
__~ lower lip inversely heart-shaped: mouth with a bristle-shaped tooth on each side. dried leaves, are kept in ines shops. ° They are prescribed in om ecth not without pomp anti-spasmedic erties. An infusion of the plas t may be used with the same inten noe Ts Musca Pipiens ; Cassida viridis, Phalana Chew live upon the different species.
eaves com into Ke vat with ale, larify it and give it a
Ale thus prepared is often drank as an antiscor rbutic, n in-
and aperient. The expressed } juice, mixed with a little wine,
d spall morning and evening, destroys white specks upon horses’
eyes. The pl hat grow near it do not flourish d to be
hurtful to horses if they eat seh of it. Sheep eat it; horses ot
of it; cows, g and swine refuseit. Lit dec Ss, coM=
Posed of man _o are samnptionts found ee the leaves, and are occa-
y Stoned by insects, The Phalena hibatrix and the Cynips Glecoma live upon .
MM2
516 DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Lamiuni.
al’bum. L, Leaves heart-shaped, tapering to a Kien serrated, on
leaf-stalks: flowers about 20 in a whirl. A; E, bot. 768-Ludw. 162-—Curt. pe ve 3-Riv. mon. 62« mi, 1-Fl. dan. 594—Blackw. 33-WalcTrag. 8. 1-Ger. 566—Matth. 1129—Dod. 153. 1-Lob. 280. 2, and ite 1.
520. 2-Ger. em. 702. 1—Park, GU5s-on Flowers white, sometimes, though piers with a vin tinge; 12to20inawhirl. Axthers hairy,
White Archangel. White Dead neti On rubbish, corn. fields, and ditch banks. P, May, June.
purpu’reum, L. Leaves heart-shaped, blunt, on leaf-stalks. =. bot. 769-Curt.-Sheldr. 69-FI. dan. 523-Blackw. 182. 1-Kniph. 3-Riv. mon. 62. 2, Galeopsis minar-Ger. 508. 4—Wale.—Dod. 153. 2—Lob. obs. 280.1. and ic. 1. 120. I= Ger. em. 703+ 3~Park. 605. 1. and 587+ 11-H. ox. xi 11. 9. Flowers 6 in the bosom oF each leaf, ina double row. Calyx
streaks, the rest ale ae nearly ite. Red Dead i ae or cbc si Dee Nettle. Rubbish, corn- fields, = kitchen gardens, A. April—Sept.
dissee’tum. L. Leaves deeply and irregularly cut, stem-leaves extend- ing down the leaf-stalks. Pet. 33. 3—Pluk. 41. 3.
Leaves es deeply cut, so as almost to be lobed, tapering dow into leaf-stalks. Mr. Woopwarp. Mr. Woodward suspecting this might be distinct from the L. purpureum, wished it to be cultivated in order to ascertain that point. Mr. Robson, with this view, introduced it into his garden, where it has shed its
al
been of the s It rs and ripens its ae and these seeds produce others twice in ties summer. He bre? that bosh sorts are common about Darlington, siti owing t0-
gether, we may therefore conclude that the difference is not ow- ing to soil and situation. Laminm rubrum minus cogaed eared incisis, Ray Syn. 240. L. purpureum, 8 Huds. and Bo
: ie
Kitchen gardens and fallow wi not unfrequent. Ona bank between Pimlico and Chelsea. Cur A. April—Sept.”
young leaves both of og and the preceding species may be eaten with other pot-herbs. Goats, sheep, and horses eat it; cows Te
ea nian eed
=
a aii i i alam ne I a Nia a AN et Le » :
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Galeopsis.
Sij
L. Floral-leaves sitting, embracing the stem, blunt. amplexicau'le.
E. bot.770-—Curt. 109—Kziph. 11-Riv. mon. 03. 1 and FI. dan. '752-Lob. ic. i. 463. 2-Ger. em. 616. 4—Park.
762. 2-Pet. 33. 4-H. ox. xis 11. 12-Ger. 493.4. Flowers of 2 kinds, the first expanding in February and March, only a little longer than the calyx, the latter opening in Ma and June, 4 times as long as the calyx, all containing pene and pistils. Curr. Low Teena: on leaf-st oe heart-
d
ea, Mr.
ARD. Great Henke Henbit Archangel. Pollichia eeicadk: eee Sandy 08 Ae and cultivated ground.
A. Feb,—June.
GALEOPSIS. Bloss. wpper lip vaulted, some- what scolloped; lower lip 3-cleft: mouth with a concave taper-pointed tooth on each side,
G. All the whirls remote; re bell-shaped, pubescent; La’danum.
teeth longer, strap-bristle-shaped, diverging. Kuiph. 12-Riv. mon. 24. 1—Pet. 33. 11.
Stem Bost scarce sensibly swoln. Ca/. teeth hardly to be called dunia ent. loss. helmet kneeled. Linn. Stem upright, actornered, somewhat hairy, with s sa branches. Leaves ae on leaf-stalks, sometimes spear-shaped, ser- rated, sometimes very entire; taper- scneed, naked, o Suneahet hairy, with 3 or 4 serratures on each edge. owier's red, slightly woolly. Boss. helmet toothed ; /ips scolloped, the sintered Segment red and white. Cal, teeth taper-pointed, or
‘thorny. H
Comfields in a calcareous soil, frequent. A. June—Aug. 2. Calyx woolly. Ste ems acta thickest upward. Leaves entire, or distant- ard
518 DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Galeopsis.
[At the foot of a Scar near Kendal, and Giggleswick Scar near Sere Mr, G
nfield 2 aes ay of Stratford upon Avon, near a
tidiesione g auarets A. Sept,
grandiflo’ra.G. All the whirls remote: calyxes tubular, very hairy; : teeth spear-shaped, taper-pointed, short, straight. Dicks. b. s.—Riv. mon. 24, 2—Pet, 33, 10. Stem upright, 4 cornered, of equal thickness between each joint ; branching, woolly. Leaves serrated, woolly, or silky, on leaf-stalks, opposite; those near the root egg-shape por
and in the colour of the blossoms. Hups. “the airs on the calyxes in this species are straight and pus but in ihe pre- ceding white, and curled like wool or cott
villosa. Huds. Sandy cornfields, veka. and Lanca- shire. Near Newark, and about Bangor. —s A. July, Auge
~ Je’trahit. G. Viper whirls nearly contiguous: calyx bellying, teeth long, bristle-shaped, equal: stem swo len bes ae the joints. Riv. mon. 31, Cannab. spur-E. bot. 207-Kniph. S-Dod. 153. 4—Lod, 1c. i. 527. 2-Ger. em. 709. 2. au-Ger. eme hak 1-—Ger. 573=—Pe?, 33. 8.
Knots swoln. Cal. teeth thorny. Blossom helmet scolloped petal ft Bla ey purple, sometimes white. Ra lyx t by. ep awns as long again as ane of G lols
Vir. 2. Hloasbed white, wii much larger ae those of Ie Cannabis spuria fore albo magno eleganti, R. Syn, 240+
Var. 3. Terminating flower salver-shaped,
Baona by Dr. Smith at Matlock in 1788. ‘The ne paces flowers were always regularly 4-cleft, and salver-shaped, with equal stamens, while all the rest had their proper form. See E. Bot, 207.
In all these varieties the leaves are egg-spear-shaped, and
only upper i ts of the stem and branches a re Shay. ee
Nettle Hemp Allheal, Hedge banks, bortert of Cornfields,
and amongst rubbish. A. July, Aug.
eanna’bina. G. Upper whirls nearly contiguous: ree tubular, shorter
teeth strap-shaped, unequal, 3 of them larger.
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Galeobdolon,
Curt.E. bot. 667~Riv. mon. 32, Cannab. spur. fl. maj Fl. - 929-Barr. ic. 1158—Lob, ic. i. 527. 3-Gersem. 709. 2. b-Park. 599. 1~Pluk. 41.4 ia specific character will hardly ee this from the G. Tetrabit, but an attention to the following circumstances will do it. Stem and branches very hairy in every part. Leaves
apers [Hedges at Kirkby j in ye = in fallow ground near
‘Hatton Roof, Westmoreland. Mr. Arxtyson. Moist cornfields
in a gravelly soil, and under a moist hedge at Sete geen near
_ Birmingham. ] A. July, Aug.
GALEOB’DOLON. Bless. upper lip entire, vaulted; lower Jip without teeth, 3-cleft ; segments broad, pointed : azthers fleshy on the back.
G. (Hups.)
Curt. 223; Galeobdolon Galeopsis~E. bot. 787-Walc.-Dod. as 3—Lob. i le a pet, 1~Ger. em. 702. 2—Park, 6v6—
Hy ox. xi. 11. 5—Pet. 33. 6-Riv. mon. 20. 2, Lam. fi. ta: “Kniph. 3~Ger. 567.2~-F. B. iii. 323.1.
Lower leaves heart-shaped; the em cgg:sh Nene sacra
Flowers in eg Bee 6 to 1l2inaw
Involucrum. s. yellow ; middle see of the baie fp
tawny, mark ith 3 lines. Huns.—Fioral-leaves bristle-
shaped, 1 at the base ofeach flower. Blass, lower lip beautifully
Striped and spotted des ee orange. Mr. Woopwarp. Stems
4-cornered, y aaa es spear-shaped, on leaf-stalks, un-
a serrated, aig, RS at the edges. Wbir/s the up- t with 6 flowers, the rest with from 7 to 10. Jnwolucr.
Mian growing to the base of the calyxes. dathers fleshy or ie back part. Seeds oblong, convex on the outer side, 3-cornered on theinner. Galeopsis Gelcabdalon, Linn. Pol-
lu’teum,
520
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Betonica.
Yellow Archangel. Yellow Dead Nettle, or Weasel snout Woods, shady places, and moist hedges. { Bath Hills, near - gay, | sete 3 and a 3 Rees r. Woopw.—Hedges n Mal Chace Woods near Worcester. Sr — Staffordshire and Warwickittize: frequent. ] P. May.
BETO'NICA. Cahe« awned : bloss. upper lip up: right, flat; tube cylindrical.
officina’lis, B. Spike interrupted: blossom bo lip ree 3 bie lip th ish.
iddle segment notched; calyxes
Ludw. 2-Curt. 154—Kniph. 5, and 11~Riv. mon. oy Beto- nica.-Woadv. 244—Wale. 5-Ger. 577. 1—Blackw. 46= Sheldr. 36-Fl. dan. 726—Lonic. i. 188. 1=Tourn. 96- — Clus. ii. 39. 1-Dod. 40. 1-Lob. obs. 286. 4, and ic. i 532. 2—Ger. em. 714—Park. 614. 1-H. ox. xi. 5. row Je 1.f. 1-Pet. 32. 6-Fuchs. 351-Trag. 198-F. B. 301-
Matth. 944—Ger. STR R Stems square, hairy. Root-/eaves oblong-heart-shaped, scol- loped, pair on one Ee Stem-leaves distant, spear- shaped, se warp. Stem-leaves more strap
than spear- a ined. Hire on sat stem laid flat and pointing downwards. Bloss. purple.
Var 2, sa flowered.
Wood Beto Woods a nd hak groves. [Plentiful about Manchester, ‘beth in had and e exposed places. M Cateye
Meadows in St. Faith’s, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Riptony
' Huntingdonshire. Pastures, Herts, Mr. Woopwaro. |}
sylvat*ica.
P, July, Aug.*
STA’CHYS. Bloss. upper lip vaulted; lower lip bent back at the sides, the larger middle segment notched: stamens after shedding the pollen bent to the sides.
S. Sx Sowers. 3 in a whirl: leaves heart-shaped, on leaf- stalks,
Curt. 183-E. bot. 416-F/. dan. 1102-Riv. mon. 26. 2% Stachys sylvatica.—Blackw. 84, 2-Clus. ii. 36, 1-Ger. emte
This plant was pare sag used in medicine, but it is discarded niles the modern pra howe a it is not dest it ute of ee , for when fresh it ‘ot neat “and the d ied leaves €x t 15 often
smoaked as tobacco. . The root provokes yomiting. Sheep eat it, Goats refuse i
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Stachys.
704. 5—Park, 908. 1—H. ox xi. 11. 10—Pet, 32. 7~Trag. ' $5—Lonie. i. 109. 3-Blackw. 84.1. Stem leaves and calyx com Floral-leaves spear-shaped, pointed. Blossoms deep purple with white s ae © Woop- warp. ‘Tube of the bloss. much longer than the calyx.
Var. 2. Leaves angular. Hedge Nettle Woundwort. Hedges and woods, P. July, Aug.* Var. 2. Huns. Smaller. Leaves angular.
S. About 6 datas in a whirl: leaves strap-spear-shaped, half embracing the stem sitting.
Curt. 208-F/. dan. 1103—Kniph. 7-—Riv. mon. 6.1; Stachys palustris.-Sheldr. 45-Ger. 565. 2-Ger. em. 1005~ Blackw. 273-—Ger. 852—Park, 852—Pet. 33.9.
Whirls with 6 to 10 flowers. Linn. Stems 4-cornered, rough with hairs pointing downwards. Leaves in opposite pairs, very soft, unequally serrated, spreading half way round the stem Floral-leaves, 2 small ones under each whirl. Calyx purple, be-
set with fine hairs terminating in small globules, “Blots. reddish
purple, mottled; tube white; mouth compressed; upper lip, = all the segments sg the lower lip, slightly notched at the
e ciet Witadecer, or All-beal. Watery places and banks of river: P. Aug.
S. Six wee in a whirl: =~ blunt, almost naked: blossoms as long as the calyx: stem feeble, Cart, 246—-F). dan. 587—Riv. mon, 27. 2, Stachys arv. min bas Gake LS.
hairy than the stem. Leaf-stalks hairy. Cups sitting, hairy, with 5 equal, sharp-pointed, shales. clefts. Blass. gi almost smaller than the cup; helmet very entire; lip wit cleft, the middle one the broadest, purplish, dotted, not nicked inn. Blossoms flesh-coloured. Hatt, It neither possesses striking character of any other genus, nor sufficient marks of distinction to form a genus by itself. Curr. ‘Tube of the blo- som not longer than the calyx. _ Corn Woundwort. In cornfields. [Thorp a Yorkshire. Rev. Mr. Pizrson, On St. Vincent’s rocks, Brist AS une—Aug.
Tt will — Yellow, The whole plant has a foetid smell, and toads are thought to be fond of living —_ its shade. Sheep and goats cat it. Horses, cows, and swine refuse it
palus’tris, ,
arven’sis.
5223
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Ballota,
german’ica. §, Many flowers in a whirl: serratures of the Jeaves lap-
'
hiera,
ping over each other: stem cottony.
Sacq. austr. 319-Kuiph. 10-E: bot: sok ae. mote 2761s Stachys monte~Fl. dats 684~Barr. ice 297+Fuchs. 766= SFB. iii, 320-Trag. 9. 1—Lonic.i. 110. 1-ii. 30. 4~Ger.
563. 2-Mazth. sbedieds 90. 3—Lob. 068/285. 4y and ite i, 530. 2—Ger. em. 695. '2—Park. 48, 2=H. ox. xi. 10.1. Whole plant doe Ri a thick be down. _ Lowier- “om
und. G ney Park, Deanne. plentifully, and 4 miles S, of Grantham,
near the London pee opposite ee hin a in Oxford- shire. ‘Mr. Newserry.—Between im aes Pie ‘Woopw. | Julys
BALLO'TA.§ Calyz - shaver chaneet seth 5 teeth
and 10 scores: wight upper ip concanes scolloped. .
B. Leaves heart-shaped, undivided, serrated : ie teeth tapering to a poin Kuiph. 6-Blackw. ori “fie 46—Fuchs. 154—F. B. itis 318. 1—Riv. mon. 65. 1, Marrubiastr.-Matth, 823- Clus. ii. 346 1-Dad. 90. 1-Lob. obs. 279. 15 and its is 518. 2—Ger. em. 701, 1-Park. 1230, 3-H, ox. xis Qe 14
see 32. 4. Lower leaves heart-shaped, upper. ones egg-shaped. Floral — leaves prndeunapeds hairy a Whe, Core hal at y round ©
the stem. Calyx hairy, ‘din 5-cornered ; teeth ending in > -shatp bristle-shaped Srats, Bloss. tube containing ee closed above y 5 hairy tufts; upper Lip hairy, not very entire, purple, vatl rie-
ran with white lines. ‘The cups attaining their full size long ore the blossoms expand, the latter appear as if already fa a 20 be though, on examination, they will be found at the botto the cup. Pike Horehound, or Henbit. On rubbish ae in hedgess y, Aug.” Blosssoms white, with a ee of oe We the B alba yi ‘Lines as Mr. Hudson supposed.
stands recommended in hysterical cases.. The Swedes reckon it ithe a universal eons in the diseases of their cattle. Horses, cows sheep, and goats refuse it
E i ic
oN BP.
t 4 a
DIDYNAMIA. .GYMNOSPERMIA. Leonurus.
[Near Hammersmith, on the road side. Woopwarp, Nor- wich, Mr. Cammts and Staffor d. St.]
MARRU'BIUM. Calyx dicta rigid, with 10 scores: boss. upper ip cloyen, strap- shaped, straight.
M. Teeth of the calyx bristle-shaped, hooked, _ £, bot. 410—F1. dan. 1036-—Ludw. 145-Riv. mon. 66. 1, Marrubium alb.-Blachw, 479-Ger. 561. 1—Fuchs, 590— F. B. iti. 310—Matth. 828-Lonic. i. 110, 2-Trag. 8. 2 =Clus. ii. 34. 1—Dod. 87. 1—Lob. obs; 278 3, and ite i. 517. 2-Ger. em. 693. 1—Park. 44~Pet. 32. 3-H. ox. Xie 9. TOW Se =
egg-shaped. Mr. Woopwarp. Leaves wrinkled, hoary. Calyx woolly, fringed on the inside at the bottom of the teeth with woolly hairs. Bloss. compressed, bowed ; uppe par dip ny r-shaped ;
lower lip, middle segment slightly scolloped, 1 ral segments spear-shaped; short. Anthérs with a black qataeancs in the .
white White Halioasd. " Road sides and sr yt pa
July—Sept.* LEONU’RUS. Anthers sprinkled with shining particles. :
“L. Stem-leaves spear-shaped, 3-lobed.
Kuiph. 4—Ludw. 5—Fl. dan. 727-Riv. mon. 20. 1, Cardiaca.
—Blackw. 171—E. bot. 286-Dod. 94—Lob. obs. 278. 1s
and ic. i. 516. 1-Ger. em. 705—Park. 42. 7-Ger. 569- Fuchs. 395—Lonic. i. 110. 3—H. ox. xi. 9. 18,
Flowers in whirls, purplish within, white on the “eer
Anthers brown, partly covered on the outer side with white
hates ivi, which look like enamel, but are not of a bony
* It is very bitter to the taste, and not altogether unpleasant to the
: eat. Every m _ tried to remove it, ,rather increased the complaint. At, length Linnzeus
Prescribed an infusion of this plant, and the paticat got wellin a short t Horses, cows, sheep, and goats refuse its
vulga’re.
Cardi’aca,
vulga’res
vulga’re,
— GYMNOSPERMIA. Origanum.
2 Motherwort. Hedges, and on rubbish and dung. a {Ditchingham, Norfolk, in a hedge, and on an adjoining bank, ina gravelly soil, Mr. Woopwaro.] B. Linn. and Hups. P,Reuw.j Tube — Aug.*
CLINOPO’DIUM. Stamens crooked ; anthers ap- ges involucr. bristle- -shaped, beneath - the whirl
C. Heads roundish, hispid: floral- leaves bristle- vince Fl. dan. 930-Kniph. 11—Clus. i. 354. 2-Lob, obs. 960. 2= ic. i, 504. 2-Ger, em. 075. 2-Park, 99, 4-H. ox. xi, 8 row 1.1—Pet. 32. 9-Riv. mon. 43.1, Clinopodinm—Trag. ' 36. 9—Lonte, i 118. 1—Maith. 814—Lonic, i il. O 1. 15 Leaves heart-egg-shaped, scolloped, on leaf-stalks. Bioss. tube long ; upper Ip "hicks d, the lower scolloped. Rexu. Whole planthairy. Heads exceedingly hairy. Calyx with 13 scores. r. Hotter. Stems square, haily; reddish. Leaves egg-shaped, serrated, sometimes nearly entire, on short leaf-stalks. Flowers many on one branched fruit-stalk. Bloss. bright purplish red, Woopw cund-biaded Basilweed. Wild Basil. Meadows, hedges, dry pastures, especially in a calcareous soil. [Plentiful about Claphan in Vorkshire. ir. Cauey.] +. Jue
ORIG‘ANUM, Flowers forming a 4- sided spike-
like cone.
O. Spikes roundish, eeiiita clustered : floral-leaves egg- shaped, longer than the calyx. “Raph. rie 9§0-—Curt. 338—Woodv. 164—Riv. mon. 60» 1, Origanum.—Ger. 541. 4—Matth. 1701—Dod. 285. 2- Lob. obs. 263. 1, and ic. i, 492. 2-—Ger. em. 666. 4- Park. 12. 6-H. ox. xi. 3. 12-Pet, 34. 8-Blackav. 280- Fuchs, 552-F. B. iii, 230-Trag. 36, 1—Lonic. i, 118. 2 —Fl]. dan. 638, a little woolly, often coloured. Leaves Gl aig pee! i, very slightly serrated, opposite, dotted, more or ess Floral-leaves spear-s aped, coloured. Calyx ‘feat wick mouth closed with bristly hairs, which at first lie parallel to the nes but when the blossom falls off they ceaie out closing
* The leaves have a strong, but not anagreeable smell, anda bitter ~ Sats sheep, and horses eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Swine
;
_ — 2
a ee ee eS
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Thymus. 525.
up to the mouth ; without beset’ with ‘short fine hairs, and mi- nute white shining globules. B/oss. pale-red, paler 3; the middle 2 Re rather longer than the rest. Szamens as long, or longer the blossom, but in some specimens they are shorter, and fe the anthers appear to be destitute of pollen Var. 2. Leaves egg-spear-shaped. Lob. obs. 264. 2—ics i. 494. 2-Ger, em. 664. 2-Park, 12. 4~ és OX. Xi. Os 9.
Oram.
Wild or Field _ pita Thickets and sen in a calcare- ous soil. [Catton, near Norwich. Mr. Woopwarn. Ina wo near Cartmel Wells. Mr. Arxtxson. Clapham, Mockchire, Mr. Carey. ]
P. July.*
THY’MU: S. Calys 9-lipped; mouth closed with soft hairs.
ae Floweid in heads: stems creeping: leaves flat, blunt, serpyl’lum. fringed at the base
Fi, dan. 1164-Kuiph 6—Ludw. 121-Vaill. 32. 9, and 7~ Curt.-Clus. i. 359. 1—Dod. 277. 1—Lob. abs. 230. 2; and it. 1.423. a-Gere em. 570. 1—Park 8. 10—Pet. 31. i" Huox. Xi. 17, row 1. 1-Fuchs. 251~F. B. iii. 260- Blackw. .418-—Matth. 725—Riv. mon. et 2, ania minore.—Ger. 455. 1, and 2—Lonic.i. 119.
_ Calyx teeth fringed. Stamens as long as the blossam. Liny.
Filaments those inserted below the upper lip shorter than the Ho
tube, those below the under lip longer than the tu L- LEFEAR. S. oody, nearly cylindrical. Leaves oblong-egs- s A entire, with hollow dots on both surfaces, fringed
at the base with a few fine white hairs. Calyx coloured with a
ae of white hairs running round the —. at the base of the
ts, which, while the plant is in flower, lye flat to the
ides of the calyx, but when the blossom falls of expanding close os its mouth. B/oss. purplish red.
oak The whole plant is a warm aromatic. ‘The dried leaves, used in- Stead of tea, are exceedingly grateful ; the essential oi! of this plant is so acrid, ‘that it m may be considered as a caustic, and is much used wit that
} nt € use the saps to dye purple. Goats and sheep eat it. Horses are not fond of it., Cows tefuse it.
- DIDYNAMITA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Thymus; er of Thyme. Wild Thytnes Conon Bae
ie. see Be places. P, July, Aug.* ee
Iti is subject to considerable variations, the principal of which :
Miss 2. white flowered. Huns. Blossoms white, Var. 3. large flowered. Huvs. Blossoms large. Vaill. 32, 8-Riv. mon. 42, 3, Serpyllum.—Pet. 31,2 Serpyli hs secundum genus, R. Syn, 230-Serpyll. vulgs fore ampla. Vat Var. 4. braid hei Linn, Larger. Leaves broad. Ger. 456. 3-Lob. ic. i. 424. 1-Ger. em. 573. 7-Park. 7-7 —Pet. ~ 3=Ger. em. 570. 3 Okey Hole, Somersetshire fees aoe de Serpyllum Sale a MajUse R. Syn. 2314 e Var. 5, Lemoz. Leaves with the scent of, lemon peel. _ Clus.i. 359. 2—Dod. 277. 2—Ger. em. 571, 7-Park. 8. 9a F. B. 270. 1—-Ger. 458. 2-Pet. 31. 4. It is used in sauces. Var. 6. smooth. Leaves narrow, smooth. Sheldr. 52-Woodv. 110. - Boxly Hill, by Kitt’s Coffee-house.
Vat.7s ree Differs from 1 in the hairiness of the leaves,RATs
2. 6-Riv. mon. 42.1, Serp. mont. hirsute ‘caer Hills, and other isi places. Sele 8. shrubby. Moreshrubby. Hairy. Blossoms pale reds
on
pte 9. Speen Sr. Hairy, small, creeping, — PL0% las. hirsut. min. rep. inodorum. R, Syn. 2
*
+ The whole sta ° fragrant, and yields an essential oil that is very heating. An infusion of the leaves removes the head-ach cecasjenes by the debauch of the oecedn: evening. A general opinion prevails, that the flesh of sheep, that feed upon aromatic plants, parecularly upon Thyme, is much su — in flavour to common mutton ; but Mr. Bow kSs
when walking apace, and then they will catch at any thing. ampe" ment of bees to this and other aromatic plants is well known. Sheep and goats eat it, Swine refuse it. The Pha/ana pepilions ia lives upon ite
Pastors on the summit of y Wydhva, Caernarvonshire, and i
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Melissa,
T- Flowers in whirls, 1 upon each fruit-stalk : stems up- A’cinos, d.
right, somewhat branched: leaves acute, serrate Dicks. bh. s-CurtE. bot. 411—Kuiph. S—Riv. mon. 43. 2, Acinos=Clas, i. 354. 1-Dod. 280—Lob. chs. 270. 2, and ace i. 506. 1-Ger. em. 675. 1—Park, 21. 1-H. ox. xi. 18, row 1. 1—Pet. 32. 10—Fuchs. 896~F.B. iii. 259-Lonie. i. 116. 3—F/. daz. 814—Trag. cient 548. 1—-Mazth. 815.
Stems ascending. Leaves in distant Plant hairy. Calyx scored, at the fore or at the buses bitred.
about the middle contracted, and then dilating into the lower
lip: Mr. Hotterzar. The middle Acard of the lower lip of the blossom notched at the end. Bdossoms purple.
(‘Wild Basil. Basil Thyme. Pd hills, bad on chalkand gravel. [Not unfrequent in Norfolk. - Woopwarp. and Surry. Sr. On the side of Hamilton, Wasksbire. Mr. Rosson. Wick Chifis, Mr. Swayne. St. Vincent’s Rocks. j A. June—Aug.
MELIS’SA. Calyx dry, angular, the upper lip ex- panding and reflected : d/oss. upper lip some- what vaulted, cloven ; lower lip, the middle seginent heart- shaped.
»
M. Fruit-stalks —- Beas: longer than the leaves ; Nep’eta, | ing,
stem ascen Riv. mon. 47, Calamen. ae fil incano~Gies. 1. 14~Curt.- Blackw. 167-Matth. 617-Dod. 98. 2-Lob. obs. 275. 1; and 1c. 1. 513. 2—Ger. em. 687. 2-Park. 37. 4. ce Fruit-stalks much longer than the leaves ; their branches again forked, the last generally bearing 3 flowers, the 2 outer of which havea pair of floral-leaves, the middle one cat Floral. éeaves very small, 1 pair oa a Boe of the fruit-stalks. Flowers very small, Woop L — sitting, egg-sha Fr rmittalls,: the forks subdivided with 3 to 6 fruit-stalks, each supporting a flower. Calyx coloured, ribbed, beset on the outside with short hairs as) shining glands, smooth within, but closed at : the mouth with = : or the 3
x hers to which it nai seems to belong. In a garden the
. leaves become six times” as large as in its natural soil, but the
Calamin’tha,
Melisso- phyl‘lum.
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Melittis.
— are not larger, and the fruit-stalks are shorter than the
“Field Baum. Sides of eet and cornfields, and hedge banks. [ Norfolk, frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. P. Aug. The Cassida viridis Goin ihe ite
M. Fruit-stalks axillary, forked, as long as the leaves.
Kniph. 4-Ludw. 33—Riv. mon. 46.2, Calamentha-Dod. 98» |
1-Lob. obs. 274. 2, and ic. 1 513. 1=Ger. em. 687. 3-
Park. 36-H. ox. xi. 21. row 2. 3-Pet. 34. 1-Blackw.
166—Martth. 716-Ger, 552. 1.
Fruit-stalks Anges 6 shorter than the leaves, sometimes as of th W.
long. wee near the e e branches longer. WoopwarD. Leaves in opposite naa on lechiaratlend Fruit-stalks 3-forked, the ed arms forked. Calyx with 13 ribs, short hair, and shining globules ; segments sa and the mouth closed with
long hairs ; teeth pointing upwards after the blossom falls off,
the 3 upper equal, the 2 lower longer, and more pointed, B/oss.
tube beset within with white sh eth ey i ci ptt ag . marked with
coloured within; /ower Lip pale wit round ots and a few short streaks a a dept ies Sens ; segmen nag longer than the o
Baum. Sides of on a crt. LD
int. Castle. New Tamworth Castle. Banks o:
Bristol "P. paid Hi
MELITTIS. Culyx wider than the tube of the _ blossom: é/oss. upper lip upright, entire;
lower lip 3-cleft: anthers each pair forming
a cross. M. Calyx three-lobed. E. bot.
E. bot. 57 7~¥acq. austr. 206-Kniph. 6—Riv. mon, 21—Melite
sophyllum—Lab. obs. 277+ 2. and ic. i. 515, 1-Ger. tte 690. 3. f. Park, 41. 4-Fuchs. 498-F. B. iii. 233 2 oe 12—Clus. ii. meh 2-Cam. hort. 30-F. B. ib. As
n upper lip — meio entire; and a Jower re with 3 sii, the mi ost larger, flat, entire, purple, — Je ow, shorter ies the blossom, Linn. Stem somewhat squats scored, hairy. Calyx hairy i. nearly smooth bese eee arges
veined and tipped with purple. Woopwarp. Whole plant hairy- Leaves opposite, egg-spear-shaped, wrinkled, serrated, the t
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Melittis.
terminating in purplish glands. ae ie from the bosom of the leaves, 2 or 3 together, not ~_ ding +, gia Calyx, border on the upper side turned outwards like a spout, witha spear-shaped segment on each wide, the lowes lip cut off and finely serrated. Bloss. whitey stained with purple, reali the mado segment of the lower lip, which is ‘A ull purple edged with white. Anthers st the shorter stamens lying in to each other in form of a cros
Bastard Balm, or Baum-leaf. Hedges ‘and woods in the ~ ‘West of En ees About Totness, Devonshire ; absteotie e betw
west, Pembrokeshire ; New Forest, Hants. Bon Leskard and Callington, Cornwall. ] P, May— —June.
mr)
M. Calyx four-lobed. E. bot. : grandiflora,
“ E. bot. 636—Curt.—Mill. ill.~Ger. em. 690. 3. = q,
‘On the authority of Dr. Smith in the English Botany, we cannot hesitate to insert this new species of Melittis, there first distinctly sepeiated from the M. Melissophyllum. It is one of the most beautiful of the plants natural to this island, and has been lately found by Mr. D. Turner and Mr. Sow city ie os
e ly-
mouth, a in Cornwall.— Dr. observes he en is 4.lobed, having on each side two ater, a vertical lobes, so times notched, but more generally entire. The blossom i = Inge than in the more common species, es with a yellow on the upper side, the lower lip marked wide is a ace: un. divided purple spot, surrounded by a white mar; ptt. nwall and Devonshire, where it is admitted into gar-
dens. My specimens gathered near Callington, in May 1794 appear to Re this species, and not the Melisepi lm as at that time supposed. ] May, June.
SCUTELLA‘RIA. Calyx, rim nearly entire, closed id.
after flowering ; covered with a
S, Leaves heart-spear-shaped, scolloped : flowers axillary. . galericula ‘ta,
Curt. 155-E. bot. 523—Kniph. 8-Riv. mon. 77. 1, Scutel. laria~Blackw. 516-Walc.-Fi. dan. 637-H. ox. xi. 20. row 3. 6—Lob. obs. 186. 3. and ic. 1. 344. 2—Dod. 93. 2— Ger. em. 477. 10—Park, 221—Pet. 34. 10.
Stem nearly smooth. Leaves nearly smooth, scolloped at the
base, pa upwards. Flowers hairy on the outside. Woopw. Plant much branched, about 3 a yard high, Bloss. blue. An- thers ple.
Vor. III, “Nw
minor,:
vulga’ris,
DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. Prunella. Hooded Willowherb. Blue Skullcap. Banks of rivers and
edges of ponds. [Side of thestews at Edgbaston.] _P. Aug.*
S. Leaves heart-egg-shaped, nearly entire: flowers axillary.
Disks. bh. s—Curt. 283-E. bot. 524—Ger. em. 581. 3—Park.
' 220, 4—H. ox. xis 20. row 3. 8—Pet. 34. 11-Ger. 460.2
Very small and slender. Leaves egg-shaped, with Ape lor
2 scollops at the base. Woopwarp. Plant fr 8 ae ie ee nerally unbr snclied: Leaves someti
nearly “te! lower lip broad, ‘tiie: reflected, but neither notc at the end nor keeled beneath: Bless. reddish purple, the low lip mottled within oe deeper coloured spots. Axnthers white. Summit slightly clov poe oe Bo; round and edges of ponds. [Hi ead hea wie ak ae ons’ we ha Ve foiin d bags AIkin. Tesieien hill. Mr. ee In Goldmire near Dal. ‘ on the part next to Al- tringham, Cheshire. Mr. Cxiey. ah Bagot” s Park, and on Norton Staffor dsh, Hon. = Bacor, — ood Forest, Staffordsh. i Pe July, August,
PRUNEL'LA. Filaments forked, one of the divi- sions bearing the anthers : summit cloven.
P, All the leaves egg-oblong, serrated, on eee up- per lip of the calyx lopped, 3- toothed
Curt. 229-Ludw. 1$—Kniph. 5-Fl. dan. paces 24-
Mill. 69. 2-Dod. 136. 1-Lob. obs. 251. 3» and ic. i. 474 2-Ger. em. 632. 1—Park. 1680. 1—H, ox. xi. 5. row 1. 1- fi4=Pet. 32. 11-Wale—Riv. mon. 29. 1, Brunella- Ger, 507, 1~Fuchs. 021-F. B, iii, 428, 2-Trag. 310- Marth. 963.
_* When the blossom falls off the cup closes upon the seeds, which,
nd owe, ane must consequently rental aaitert without a pos- sibility of escaping, But nature, ever full of resources, finds am method
parts ; so that the seeds, already detached from the receptacle, fall to the gr round, Cows, goats, and sheep eat it; horses and swine refuse it.
=
®
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Bartsia.
In open meric situations be opin trailing, and not above a Sigiet 8 length, but in woods it is upright, and near a foot high. myn. Whole sian ehinly’ ot with hairs. Leaves opposite. Floral-leaves heart-shaped, ribbed, edged with purple and cringed. Calyx, upper lip with us ribs 3 lower lip with 2 spear- -d segments, each marke 3 lines, and serrated with ioe stiff hairs. Bloss. upper hp ‘lightly notched at the end: peer lip, middle segment jagg fs ummit, segments rolled
oii
BART’SIA. Calyx 2-lobed, notched at the end, the points sometimes) coloured: loss. (sometimes) less coloured than the rar the upper lip longer : capsule 2-celled. —
B. Upper leaves alternate, serrated: flowers distant, seca,
Lightf. 14. at p. 321-Ger, 85-Pluk. 27. 5-Pet, 36. 6= - Barr.665.
Stem cylindrical, simple. Tate a s -ar-shaped, sharp- ly serrated, slightly’ tain. Flowers single, " saris the bieicen of the leaves, on short a. asilén! Calyx very large, as long as the blossom, with 5 deep divisions ; far cited teanad
Nearly equal se: s, rarely with 5. I have never seen it co- i Filaments rolled in a spiral under the upper lip of a blossom. Anthers pointed at bottom. Miss Giopy.— Mr, Sta House also observes that the calyx is not colou fed mgt A se iy Marshes in Cornwall and Devonshire ;
about Latham, near Ormskirk, Lancashire: and about ‘Ardenca- ple in ae vicizicy of Loch Gyle; near Loch Long, in the district of Cowal, Argyleshire. [Cornfields, near Plengwarry, and Cosgarne, Cornwall. Mr. Wartr.] A. July, Aug.
B. Leaves opposite, heart-shaped, bluntly serrated. | Dicks. by s.-E. bot. 361-Fl, dan. 43-Pluk. 163. 5—Pon. in “Clas. ii. 343; Leaves a onl shaped. Flowers in a short terminating spike. Mr. warp. Blossoms in leafy spikes, purple. ‘Mesgueit Penne Cup. Banks of rivers in rough sunny laces. By a rivulet near rrabiek in crossing the road to Cros- ¥, Westmoreland, Ray, H P, Sept.
Ww. ' Meadows and pastures. 3 _ P. Aug.
visco’sa,
alpi‘na.
532:
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Rhinanthus. -
Odonti’tes. By Upper leaves alternate, spear-shaped, serrated: flowers
“ Oil
lower lip of the blossom not Riek ng e — it oe in the struc.
circumstances it differs from the Barts: “Sr. ‘Mr. Afzelius observed to me, that this agrees in generic character with the Bartsia alpina, ‘but that the latter has not the character of the other Bartsias; he therefore would constitute a new genus to contain these two plants
RHINAN’THU S. Calyx z cleft, inflated : capsule >> Q+celled, blunt, compressed ; seeds few.
Cris‘ta gal'li. R. ree = 4 of the blossom compressed, and shorter: calys
sn A i bot. 657~Kniph. 12-FI. dan. 081—Riw. oe
92.2, Crista galli-Dod. 556. 1-Lob. obs. 2854 2, am ile le 529, 2-Ger, em, 1071. 1—Park. 713. 2~H. On xis “Q3y row 2. Atte 36. 2-Wale—F. Be iii. 436, 3-
Ge Te 9. 12, Calyx equal, apeils capien bordered at the edge. Sveds isetbyed aya ioe embrane. Linn, Stems nearly 4 cornered,
with dark caries ita ains, Leaves in pairs, o ee agar prpetiic serrated, above dark green hice ee th grey with a curious network of green veins. Bless. yellow; ie lip sipped with a aed blue, eens se mdel at the
by a membranaceous nectary, in the front a short, crooked horn poate aad. The seeds when ripe rattle in the capsule, whence its English na
Yellow Rattle. Beeetene. “ Coxcombs Cg Mes. i woods.
dows, LuPio and A. June, July
- Linn.—Blossoms smaller; lower lip purple. Corn- fields » esi Wetherby and Catall, and near Burrowbrid;
Yorkshire, and W. rere Northumbe tland. Ray.
EUPHRA‘SSIA. Cal. A-cleft, cylindrical : anthers, the lower ones with one thorny lobe at the
base : caps. 2-celled, egg-oblong : seeds few, leaning backwards,
officinalis, E. Leaves egg-shaped, streaked, sharply toothed.
Curt. 335-Fl. dan. 1037-Weodu. 220-Sheldr. 48-Kniph- ® -Walc.Ludaw. 135—Riv. mon. 90.1, Euphrasia-H. 0X
nies pointing one way. Hups. See Euphrasia
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Euphrasia.
xi. 24. 1. b.—Marth. 1022~Ger. 537, 1—Dod, 54. 3-Leb.
obs. 201. 1, and ic. i. 491. 1-Ger. em. 663—Park. 1329. 1-H, ox. xi. 24.1. a~Fuchs. 247-Trag. 238-F. B. iii.
. 432. 3-Blackw. 427.
_. The lower lobes of the lower anthers ogg * in a thorn which bends the filament to one side, Linn. Stems reddish,
Branches in opposite pairs. Leaves sitting, mostly opposite.
streaked with a few Stole tie, cloven into 2, scgmenta ending
in 3 teeth ; Souser | lip, aan cloven at the end, with a very
with very m sli tly notched at K chi a Tittle Bey towards the top, an marked with black atte _Seéds egg-shaped. Blossoms bluish white, with purple st ; Common Eyebright, “Heaths ; oy barren iesdis and pas. tures. A. July—Sept. [But, on Arthur’s Seat, near mg tet T have found it in blossom in the beginning of May, in great » imc but eg or from # to 13 inch ig and the leaves blun
E. Leaves cae all serrated. pm Curt.Kniph. 12°F, dan. 625-Riv. mon. 90. 2, Odontites~ Dod. 55-Lob. obs. 261. 2, and ic. i. 496. 2—Ger. em. O1. 2—Park, 1329. 3-H. ox. xi. 24. 10—Pet. 36.4—Ger. 85. Stem bluntly four-cornered, rough. .Branches in opposite irs, Peoeats sitting, Opposites rough ; reat ee
t the end. Filaments ies The lobes of all the anthers endive at the taper point, and between the lobes are a number of white club-shaped substances. Germen compressed, hairy, surrounded and sheathed at the base by a
skinny membrane ‘ummit knobbed. Leaves sometimes red- dish, Blossoms dusky tl, or purple, Red Eyebrigh
* Itis a weak “gibt a and hee ee in tee as a remnedy for impaired —— It will not grow but when surrounded by plants taller than it Cows, horses, goats, ch abe eat it, ‘Swit teluse it
Odonti’tes,
534 DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Melampyrum.
Var. 2. Flowers white.. Stem very light. ene Leaves without the least tinge of red.
Sent to me by Mr. Bourne, who gathered it on Northington
Farm, Grimley, near Worcester, Cornfields and Ay
ly—Sept.
MELAMPY’ RUM. Cal. A-cleft : bloss. upper lip compressed, edges bent back : caps. 2-celled,
compressed, slanting, opening on one 2 side : : ng. |
seeds solitary, bulgi
crista’tum. M. Spikes quadrangular : floral-leaves heart-shaped, com- pac tiled.
act, finely toothed,
E. bot. 41-Fl. dan. 1104=Kniph. Fc Rian,. tanks 81. ra M. cristatum—Pluk. 99. 2—F. B. iii. 440 wieategen xi: 23426
site “tence: ; and among corn at t Waltegield Wake-~ field. [Ripton Wood, Huntingdonshire. Mr. ae une, july
arven’se. M. Spikes conical, loose : ‘Aloralsleaves with bristle-shaped eeth, coloured
dan. 911—E. oy 53-Riv. mon.80, M. arvense.-Kniph- 1—Clus, ii. 45. 1—Ger. em. 90. 3-F. B, iii. 439. 2-H. 0x-
xi. 23. row 1. 1-Dod. 541. 2~Lob. obs.,23. 1, and its ie
37, Trit.vace.—Ger.em. 90. 1-Park. 1327. 4—Trag. 663.
Stem upright, slightly hairy, branched. Lee. ves _ gopogtes spear-sh:ped, lengthened out into a very long poi sittings slightly downy, Flowers in an oval head, Tiedtteu longs
FE
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Melampyrum.
spea r-shaped, wing-cleft, with teeth at the base, entire upwards. Woopwarp. Blass. yellow and dusky : Purple Cow-awheat. Cornfields. Near ‘Lycham m, Norfolk; Horsley Bath, near Beeston Castle, Cheshire. Between Nor- wich and Cossey. [Costesey, nes Norwich. Mr, Crowe. Bix- ley, near Norwich. Mr. Woopwarp.] A. July.*
soms close
535
M. Flowers lateral, pointing one way: leaves in distant praten’se, pai .
E. bot. 113-Kuiph, 11-Wale. M. sylvaticum-Ger. 84, 1 and 9—Clus. ii. 44, 2-Lab. obs. Oo Le Ce : 36. 9-Ger, em, 91. 1—Park. 1326. 1-H. ox. xi. 23. 3.
Lower lip of the pomiee straight, not bent downwards, as in M, sylvaticum. Sr. not gaping as in M. rival. Linn. - Whole plant Saackenii brownish, beginning to flower early and continuing to flower all the summer, growing more and more b » in the manner of M. cristatum, and in the latter
part of the yeat extremely branched. Branches weak, opposite.
Leaves on very short pene sala stiffish, from the bosom of the
lower ones an egg-shaped glan d, possibly an an. ahortine igi 3
those towards the base of the branches strap-spear-shaped, the
upper spear-shaped, nes, = blackish Loom hg
sometimes a tinge of purple. Only the foral-/eaves too
that early in the spring very few will be visible, but later they
are very numerous, the branches extending in length and conti-
nuing to flower the e is very long; er
spapeds with oly 2 or 3 teeth at the base; the per nearly with Winged at the base, with long aw/-shaped reflected teethy
0.
eatly tapering towards the point, all serrated, but the serratures Prag fine, and the aie of the leaves
The seeds, when ground with com, give a bitterness and greyis sh cast to the bread, but do not make it unwholesome, Cows and ies €at it, Sheep refuse it,
536
arnt icum. 1M. Flowers lateral: pothsing one way: leaves in distant
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Melampyrum.
ing at the front edge, divisible into 4 portions, but as Sages breaking in any other direction ; after flowering separatin 2 or 4 parts: Sule c cor emake o the bend of the upper. 8 “ee
the blossom, ming < one si anther, and presenting its sammit to the opening ot 3 Hen escapes. Seed-wessel a yellow.
glandular na Bila at e ase on the fore part, doubled down, and so brittle as not to admit being straightened. The teeth at the base of the leaves, particularly of the leaves next to the 23 sufficiently distinguish this from the M. sylvaticum, in which all the leaves are entire. The lower lip of the blossom in M. sylvaticum is tu downwards and outwards, but in M. pias it turns apweree and inwards. eadow Conm-w
Var 2. Blossom wade, with 2 ‘yellow spots on the lens
li is oF Woods aid thickets, i in soil that holds the wet, not uncoeds [Frequent = — and hedges ih a clayey soil in Nor- foll ‘and Suffolk. pw. In woods ntar the road from Bir-
tention toa civil name tik: be en the occasion of error
pairs : blossoms widely gaping. = bot. 804-—FI. dan. 145—Kniph. 9. Differs from M. pratense as follows: Stem more nodding. Leaves aly expanding. 2 Bloss, only half as long, entirely yellow, the tube white ; mouth or the opening between the
2 seh Woods and shady i UDs. Of
aym sta Siokarig at he head of Loch-Tay. Not common. A et rarer Pent than M. pratense, Bente [ Wick Clifts.
Mr. Swayne A, June—Aug-t * Where this plant abounds, od butter i is yellow, and uncommonly
good. Swine are be ond of the seeds. Shee ads and goats eat it. Cows
are pips tond of it orses and swine evel use 1 é
+ Cows, pratt and goats cat it; and with a plentiful allowance of it suon grow fat.
[ DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Lathrea. 537
LATHR/?’A. Calyx with 4 or 5 divisions: ger- "men witha depressed gland at the base of the seam: caps. 1-celled; receptacles lateral, sponge-like. .., L: Stem undivided: be pendent; lower lip 3-cleft.. buna’ ria. f . Dicks. he .-Ev bot. 50—Fl. dan. 136—Riv. 89.2, Sguamarias ce ~Barr. 80-H. ox. xii. 16. 14—Matth. 964—Ger. 1387. 1-F, B. iii. 783. 2-Blackw. 430-—Dod. 553. i-Park. _, 1863. 4-Clus. ii. 120. 1-Ger. 1585. 1-H. ox. xii. 16. il. | Root beaded. . Root-leaves none. Stem-Jeaves membranace- | ous, coloured. Branches none. Blass. lower Jip white. Linn. Stem naked, except sometimes 1 or 2 oval sc Flowers in a spike, from one side of the stem, in a double row. Floral-leaves roundish-oval, large, reddish, 1 at the base of each fruit-stalk, forming a double line opposite to the flowers. Calyx bellyin se mah ue bluntish. B/oss. upper lip rather s ort, leppel. pwarpD. Bloss ss pale parple except the lower lip. esyae Toothwort. Grow in shady places which the sun’s rays can scarcely penetrate, af being almost destitute of leaves, and such plants alone can live without the solar light. inn. Woods, shady lanes, and at the bottom of mountains, but rather rare. Maidstone, Kent, Harefield, thickets below Con- Serer near Kendal. [Informed be it is found in woods in yshire. Mr. Woopwarp, In Plumpton. Mr. Jacxson. Not es to shady woods, but i its choice of situation is de- termined by other causes, for it is found i in very light dry soil, and so entangled with the roots of some neighbouring tree, €spe~ cially with those of the Hazel, thatI have reason to believe - rasitical, Mr. Goucx. At the roots of trees in a wood nea insford, Durham. Mr. Rosson.] » P, April, May.
PEDICULA'RIS. Calyx 5-cleft: caps. celled, EP ROMs slanting: seeds tew, angular, ae
ee ee ee ee ee ee ae) &
P. Stem branched: calyx crested with callous dots: lip palus’tris. of tHe blossom slanting E. bot. 399.—Riv. mon. 92. of Pedicularis.—Pet. 36. 3-Ger. 913
tem sion a foot — Branches expanding. Leaves san
. parte distant. Mr.Woopwarp. Stem angular, purplish, winged; leafits vith witiged clefts. Flowers solitary, i in the ean of the leaves, Calyx with 2 lips, opening sidewise; segments
338 DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Pedicularis.
cloven and jagged, 2 of them bordered with leafy appendages... - Bloss
. purple, sometimes white ; Ae/met with a little tooth on each side not notched at the end ; lower lip fringed with fine soft
a Lousewort. te at ditches, moist meadows, an pastures. P. June, July z
sylvat’ica. P. Stem branched: cat oblong, angular, smooth: Pe of
the blossom heart-shape E. bot. 400-Clus. ii. 111. 1—Ded. 5B6. 1-Lob. obs. 431. 3, . and ic. i. 748. 2-Ger. em. 1071. 2—Park. 713. 1-H. ox. Xi. 234 ieee dan. 225—Pet. 36. 4~Trag. 250-Lonic. i i. ae ae
tem very short. Branches from the root, LN spreading close to the ground. Leaves and floavers crowded. Mr,
WARD. Branches ope Floral-leaves ce A dived» 5 ee
upper lip with a little t ooth on each side; /ower lip with 3 divi- sions, the middle geet a little smaller. eee the 2 taller hairy tte the
Common Lousewort. Wer pastures and heaths
P. June, July.t
ver 2, Blossoms white.
[ Near Redruth, Cornwall, ae the sea. Mr. Waits Near Berkhamsted. Mr. Woopwa
ANTIRRHIYNUM. Calyx with 5 ‘ditioits: bloss. either bulging at the base; or ending in 4
spur: caps. 2-celled, many-seeded, opening —
at the top and the divisions bent back.
(1) Leaves angular. Cymbala’ria. A. Leaves heart-shaped, 5-lobed, alternate: stems trailing:
* This is an unwelcome guest in meadows, being very disagreeable to cattle. Goats eat it. Horses, sheep, and cows refuse it. Swine are not tond of it
+ The expressed juice, or a decoction of —_ plant, has eis used with advantage as 3 inlet for gear rep. ulcers, It is said that if the peathicit flock of sheep be fed with 7 hecestie scabby and scurfy im - short time; the wot Pill get oo, at they will be over-run with ermin, Cows and swine refus:
ne nM NT
ge tes. piso
fe
TE
a
Meso ee | oe ee ee ee eee
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Antirrhinum.’
Curt—E. bot. 502-Riv. mon. 86.2, Cymbalaria.—F. B. iii. 685—Matth. 1184—Lob. obs. 337. 2. and ic. w 615. 1-
oe em. 529. 6—Park. 682.. 1-H. ox. v. 14. 30-Lon. i.
- 2. Poin pierre like the kernels of the ie ae ss. SOMe+ white. Linn. Whole plant smooth and s he srtallest with only 3 lobes; lobes of the lasre Bhatt ra the upper pointed. Flowers on long fruit-stalks bending at the ~ Bloss. spur as long as the calyx. Woopwarp. Stems thread- s
yx.
Ivy-leaved Snap dragon. Old walls. About,London, fre- quent, sige! SRE tothe Thames. Walls of Bur- Wh . Woopwarp.} P. Jpne—Oct. A
A. fon Fiioiecel. sls, stems trailing. E. bot. 691-Curt. 205—-Fl. dan. 913~Fuchs. 167-J. B. iii. 372. 1~Dod. 42. 1-Ger. em. 625. 1—Lonic. i. 63.3—Park. 553. 1-H. ox. v. 14. 27-Mattb. 694—Ger. 501. 1—Lob. adv. 197, and ic. i. 470, 1-Riv. mon. 86. 1, Elatine. Stem branched from the base, with ae expanding hairs.
‘the fren wie sorte the upper longer than the leaves. llow and purple Bio narc
pap Round-leaved Snap dragon, Cornfields. Sata frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. ] A. July—Sept.
A. Leaves itthnerd-chapelt alternate: stems trailing. E. bot. 692.—Curt.—Fl. dan. 426-Sheldr. 60-—Park, 553. 2— Ff. B. iii, 372. 2-Ger. 501. 2-Matth. 1012-Blackw. 170—Dod. 42. 2—Lob. ic. i. 470. 2-Ger. em. 625. 2-H. ox. V. 14, 28.
Woonwarp. Leaves the lower ones apposite sometimes egg- shaped and toothed. Calyx hairy. | Bloss. upper lip yellow,
* Its trailing one oo ron es interwoven often cover old moist walls with a thick ta > and — in blossom make a beautiful ap- arance. Mr, W phason
spu’rium,
Elat’ine,
re’pens.
arven’se,
monspes- sula’num,.
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Antirrhinum,
Var. in Peloria, Sherine, Fluellin, or Suap-dragon. Cornfield ‘fSuf-
folk, freq Mr. Woopwarp..On walls in Cee Mr. ree _ A. Aug. Oe
(2). Leaves opposite : ine long, pointed.
A. Leaves strap-shaped, graded ; the lower. 4 in fours; calyx as long as the c - Dill. an fe 197. gt lower ie 4 or 5 in.a whirl. aber aa in terminating spikes st bl he flowering. stem is $ rie. a RE at all corr tresponding with = idea given be the trivial name, which applies only to the roo Creeping Snap-dragon. "Fields; banks, and walls near Henly, and in Herts. Ray. \ [Specimens from the West. of Cornwall sent by Mr, Gropy.] P. July, Sept.
A. Leaves nearly sireps shapes ‘the lower in fours: calyx with | clam ger fe airs: ict et in sae stem up- pit. elth. 163. ‘se oe : epee smooth. Flowers very small; blue. " Floral-leat and —- t back. Linn. rnfields in a sandy soil. ‘ A. July, Aug. Var 2. Blossoms 5 ig Col. ite 300, 1. Near Settle, Yorkshire.
nF
(3) Leaves opposite: nectary short, blunt.
A. Leaves strap-shaped, crowded: stem shining, panicled: -fruit-stalks spiked, shining. F. B. iii. 459. 1 Flowers sweet-scented. Blass. spur straight, way short rest even than the calyx. Very nearly allied to 4.
Livy. Flral-leaves spear-shaped, 1 at the base of sacle
stalk. Blass. pale blue, with darker spots ; spur nearly as lng
* This is considerably more bitter than the other species, and is-said
+ Flosrers reat bacleff, and with 35.45 Or 5 epursas Hup
lower lip and ‘the Axthers edged with aps purple.} Mr : "THomson. 4
o have been used successfully in cases of foul ulcers, and in cutaneous —
peso ons
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Antirrhinunt,
as the body of the blossom. Ca/yx very small, segments pointed. Woopw arp.
Antirrhinum repens @ Huns. Stweet verlling pack Srent® Hedges near Penryn, Cornwall. Ray. [Stone wall betwe Penryn and Falmouth. Mr.Wartt.] P, Jul Sept.
A. Leaves. mostly alternate, ste shapes blunt: stem very much Lectiched spreading. Dicks. ti s.—Curt. 296-FI, dan. 502-—Riv. mon. 85.2, Li- arv. min.—Lob. ic. i. 406. 1-Ger. em. 549. 5- Pak 1334. 2-F. B. iii. 465. 1-Maith. 1198. Leaves, only the 3 lowermost pairs opposite. Linn.
- and equal to, or longer than the leaves. Calyx segments strap-
el. nearly ona the blossom. Bloss. spur blunt, shorter than the body of the blossom. Mr, Woopwarp. Boss. purple and yellowish white.
Least a. — cornfields. [Binham, Nor- folk, Mr. Crowe, ae ieee Herts. Mr. Woop- WARD. A. June—Sept. (4) Leaves alternate.
A. Leaves spear-strap-shaped, crowded: stem upright:
spikes terminating, sitting: flowers tiled. - Dicks, b. s.~Curt.-E. bot. 658—Kniph.6-F/. dan. 982-Riv mon. 83.1, Linatia.Woedv. 221—Sheldr. 49-Ludw. 12~ Dod. 183, 1-Lob. obs. 222. 2. and ievi. 400. 2-Ger. em. §50. 1—Park. 458. 1—-Ger. 440—Lonie. i. 154. 2~Fuchs. 545-F. B.iit. 456. 2~Blackw. 115-Trag. 357-H. ox. vs
12, 10.
Bloss. a palate woolly, orange-coloured. Nectary longy awl-s Caps. opening with equal divisions. Luwn., Stem
om of the leaves. Calyx smooth. Blass. lower lip, segments
circular, the middle one much smaller, the projecting part orange- coloured, woolly, the rest of the blossom pale yellow and smooth.
Var. 2. Flowers nearly white.
as 3. Nectaries 2 or more to each flower. . ead-flax. Snap d: BaF pak and B85, Barren mea- a and pastures, road sides, P. July.—Sept.
Var. - ae ‘Biesoii mato asa 5 equal stamens and 5 nectari
541
minus,
Lina’ria,
san DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Antirhinum.
Curt.—Amoen. acad. i. 3. at p. 298—-E. bot. 260—Kniph. 9. { leaf, with 5 divisions, ere ery short, permanent.
with 5 nettith s at the aie. bo long, pots pee: 0.
ce is awe fe at, asses a horn, gr in a circle he fhise of t Stam. filaments 5, neti
Sandy fields about Clapham, Hups. A wood in Lincoln: shire. E, bot. _~P. June, July.*
(5) Bloss. gaping 3 without a spur.
Oron’tium. x gece: without s er : owes nearly spiked : calyx onger than the ee s—Fl, dan. MiB. 234-Kniph. 19-Riv, M0tte $2. 2, Antirrhinum arvense.—Dod. 182. 2—Lob. obs, 222, 1, and ic. i. 405. 2+Ger. em. 549. 4~Park. 1334. 1= ‘ee i. 155. 3-Matth, 1199-Ger. 439. 4. opening resembles the skull of a cooked
iry.
ate Flowers axillary on ver ry short friutstalks, sometimes, hough rarely, sitting. C'a/, segments strap-shaped, and lengthen-
ig after the falling off of the blossom. Caps. much shorter than eta Woopwarp. Calyx hairy. Blossoms red with alittle
Calf? s-snout er ig dragen. cena in a — soil, and turnep fields. N: —and Worcestershire. Mr- Battarp.—Comrnfields, tone nonin Mr. Pier.)
A. July, August.
ma‘jus. A. Blossoms without a spur: flowers in spikes: cups rounded, E, bot. 129-Kniph. 1. 3—Ludw. 51-Riv. mon. 82.1, Antir-
rhinum—Mill, 42-Ded. 182. 1 1-Lob, obs. 221. 2, and ite i. 404, 2-Ger. em. 549.1. 2-Ger. 438. 1~Matth. 1197-
An infusion of the leaves is diuretic and purgative, An ointment prepared from ape: Lape: es relief inthe piies. The expressed j lege ae with, milk, isa 0 flies, as is likewise thesmell of the flowers.—
Cows, horses, and Swink refuse i it, Sheep and goats are.not fond of it.
~
ee ae ee ee ae ee SS Se eee ee
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Scrophularia! 543
Stem spreading, rod-like. Eeaives spear-shaped. Calyx leaves short, with clammy hairs. Nectary blunt, scarcely pro-
low mas sometimes ket . 2. Leaves sitting, bent downwards. Blass. rose co- foured 0 or white. Greater Snap dragon. Old walls; chalk cliffs near Dover, and betweenNorthfleet and Gravesend. [ Walls near Norwich,
Walsall. Mr. Prrr.—Somersetsh. and Devon. plentiful, and on Bey Castle and Church in rich profusion. A P. B. June, July.*
‘SCROPHULARIA. Cal. 5-cleft: bloss. with 5 divisions; tube globular; the lower segment reflected: caps. 2-celled, partition double.
S. Leaves heart-shaped, doubly serrated: bunch com-Scorodo‘nia, pound, with leaves interspersed. Hi, ox. v. 35. row 2. f. 2-Pluk. 59. 5—Pet. 35. 11. ‘Resembles S. xodosa and S. auriculata, but differs from the latter in the hairiness of the stem, and the want of appendages - _ leaves, Stem very hairy. Leaves with a gaping hollow
an r serratures inted, ( Mant.) serratures Hot ( Syst veg.) ashe with Spits inters tspere, hil sae is oes he case th the othe eaves
upper t an si as a eee ie serratures. Floral. baie
Peer a pair beneath each division of the fiat eile: Mr. Woopw. Blass. dusky e le.
Balm-leaved Figwort. Watery places, and Poa Island
of Jersey, between the Port and St. Hi ilary. Sea shore about St.
Ives, Cornwall. ?. July, Aug.
S. Leaves oblong-heart-shaped, 3-fibred at the base, nodo’sa.
corners 0 the stem acute.
Fl, dan. 1167-Kniph. 2—Ludw. 72-Gunn. ii. 4. 1-Blackw. 87-Fachs. 194—F. B. iii. 421-Riv. mon. 107. 1, Scro- phularia.—Matth. 1130-Ded. 50. 1-Lob. obs. 289. 1, and ic. i. 533. 2-Ger. em. 716. 1—Park. 610. 1-H. ox. v. 8. row 3. 3—Pet. 35. 0-Ger. 5 79. 2-Trag. 184— Mit. de 195..3.
* Though tie seeds vegetate on the ground, it is only in dry soils and Situations that the plant continues to tive long enough to produce flowers.
544
aquat’ica,
verna’lis,
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. ne
Bunch saneniaeiihs Linn. Stemty angles clearly acute, some= i i alled
“eo
times edged with a membranaceous ine, but not to winged. Leaves imperfectly heart-shaped, the base being ra- ther cut transversely. Crantz. Leaves and serratures pointed, Flowers on forked branches. Floral-/eaves spear-shaped, taper- pointed, a pair toeach flowering branch. Woopwarp. _ Uppers
pera leaves nearly sitting, spear-shaped. SF ruit-stalks cylindrical,
with short pellucid hairs terminated by globules. Calpx toothed and pecubmeserons.¢ f thes nd. Bloss. tube fille d at the
celis. Great a Kernelwort. Knobby-rooted oe Woods —
and moist hedges. P. July*
S. a heart- Ea blunt, on. leaf-stalks running
down the stem: corners of the stem edged with a
_. membrane: bunches terminating. Curt. 291-E. bot. 854—Kniph. 11-Blackw. 86—Fl. dan. 507 —~Dod. 50. 2—Lab. obs. 288. 1, andic.1 I, 533, 1—Ger: Cm,
715—Park. 613—Pet. 35. 10-H. ox. v. 8. row 3. 4-Ce
pg | sas
cornered, corners membranaceous ;_ the
INN.
pcre bo lower branches opposite, the rates forked. level leaves. 2a] shapes a pair at the base of each Pea: Mr Woopw. Upper /eaves egg-shaped. Flowers
rty re Water Betony, or Figwort. Watery places, and banks of — vers. al Ps J
uly. Septe S. Leaves heart-shaped; those of the stem in threes: uit-stalks axillary, solitary, cloven. E. bot. 567—Fl. dan. 411—Riv. ‘mon. 107. 2; Scrophularia
frore Iut-Barr. 273—Clus. ii: 38. 1-Ger. em. 717-Parke
608. 4—C. B. pr. 112.
* This plant is rap known in capa practice; but ~ rank smell, ik visi taste of the rege — roperti¢s.— Swine that have the scab are od ie hing them with a decoction of the leaves. Wasps resort greatly to the "tases ts. Goats eat ows, horses, sheep, and swine refuse it.
DIDYNAMIA. PUSSRORSEDALS: Digitalis.
Stem and leaves hairy. Blos. epg. ayy 8 yellow. Linn: Leaves doubly serrated. Fruitestalkt airy, the primary ones longer than the leaves, the secondary short. Floral-deaves spear-
_ shaped, bays a pair at the base of the secondary fruit-stalks.
Woopw
YX ‘low Piliodl. Watery places and hedges. About Bury, and near Mitcham, Surry ; Gloddaeth, Caernarvonsh. [Forn- ham, near Bury; Suff. Mr. Woopwarp.] B. April, May.*
DIGITA‘LIS. Cul. with 5 divisions: d)oss. bell- shaped: 5-cleft, bellying: caps. egg-shaped,
2-celled, many-seeded.
045
D, Segt ents of the calyx egg-shaped, acute: blossom’ purpu’rea,
lunt, upper lip nearly entire Riv. mon. 104, al go Wood. 24—FI, dan. 74> Tourn. 73. A. E. L. M.~Fuchs. 893-Trag. 889-F. B. ii. 812. 8—Lonic. i le 14. t~Blackur, 16—Dod. 169-Led. obs. 308. 2, ie, i. 572. 1-Ger. em. 790, 1-Park. 053. 1-Ger. 646. 1-—Lob. ic. 1. 572. 2-H. ox. v. 8 row 1. 1-Swert, 6. 1 and 2. wrinkled. Bioss. the bellying part sprinkled on the inside ikea spots like little eyes. Linn. Leaves scolloped ; teeth small, deep ; ie a net-work of fleshy veins underneath. Leaf- stalks half embracing the op tah Bo a a embracing the ste ste i point. Mr. WARD. gene sitting, a little = woolly aeherncah Flow, long termin: spikes, all pointing one way. Blossoms pro edigently' mot within ; inversely conical, but swelling out the under si
Dean Tenens, Hedge banks and sides of hills in dry gtavelly or sandy soil, but it is not found in flat grou cept in very dry land, “for though the seeds vegetate there, the Winter wet rots the roots, which are otherwise bien
oy common in the midland, but rare in the eastern
Counties June, July.t
Var. 2. Flowers white.
* The differ of Scrophularia afford usin a — Phalena Verbasi, ies ids tevindai, arid Tenthredo Scrophular:
+ It is certainly a very active ah » and merits much attention For some acconnt of its medical uses ee Witisxinc on the Foxglove, 1785, octavo, with a beautiful fig. of the Tae copied under the images ton of Mr. Curtis from his Flora Londinensi
Vou. III. . Oo
» 546
borea‘lis.
Europee’a.
DIDYNAMIA. sp seaamaraeiaicoes Linnea.
[Shenstone lane near Hart c. St.—-About Mox- The
“holl, Staffordsh.| ‘The pure eaerkin ate of the blossoms
makes this veer an ormament to our flower gardens.
LINN Av’A. Cale double, that of the reel leaved, that of the flower. with 5 divisions, superior: b/oss. mapper a dry, 3-
celled.
L. Flowers in pairs. .
—=&€z bot. 435—-Fl. dan. 2-Blackw. 597-Fl. lapp. 12. 4—Kniph. C-Ludw. 142-H. ox. V. 2. 19, Stems thread-shaped, from’s to 6 feet gong trailing. bee tur
_ Opposite, | roundish ens. with 2
side, ending in leaf-stalks. . Branches daeccee undivided, up- right, an inch long, bearing 6 or.8 leaves. Frait-sta dks termi- ‘nating the older branches, solitary, a finger’s len ne Ne ie ‘Bloss. white on the outside, flesh-coloured within.
[Lately we ina wood a at gi in Kincardine, by Mr. Beatriz.) . P. June.
SIBTHOR?PIA... Cal. with 5 Bmore bloss.
wheel- shaped, with 5 divisions : stamens in
distant pairs: capsule compressed, roundish, 2-celled; partition tranverse: seeds few.
S. Leaves between kidney and target-shaped, scolloped.
E, bot. 649—Pluk. 7. 6—Pet. 6. Ube Habit ge stem of Hydrocotyle, fruit of Veronica. Root a- nual, but sometimes, as also the whole plant, perennial. Stems “numerous, a “sfobe long, thread-shaped, limber, not much branched, trailing, mire haig out roots, near the leaf-stalks, pet
Leaves alternate, very remote, on leaf-stalks, like those of
CPgiespleniam, heart-orbicular, one side opening to neat the centre, horizontal, with 6 or7 slight lobes, the et ones the
smallest, blunt, about the breadth of a pea, sprinkled with. small, °
simple, scattered, transparent bristles. Leaf-stalks ole ee
ing. Fruit-stalks thread-s abana, from the bosom of the Faw? pnd
upright, solitary, as lon e flower, often short
leaf-stalks, nodding after fhlowssing, Rlecal- senses sage one towards the point of t it-t alyx , hairy: Bless. generally 5.cleft, small, purple at the ites about the
Stam vacancy at one of the divisions of the blossom, syns its, 1
creteenien a:
ee
DIDYNAMIA.. ANGIOSPERMIA., Limosella.
Bastard Moneywort. Shady marshy places, springs and ri- vulets. Cornwall and Devonsh. Riise sigs Longs Westmoreland. ede.
LIMOSEL’LA. Cal. 5-cleft: bloss. 5- cleft, equal : stamens approaching in pairs: germen 2- celled : caps. often 1-celled, 2-valved, “deen seeded.
L. Leaves spear-shaped.
anal E. bot. 357—-F1. dan. 69-Haill. an pS phe 205—H. OX. XV»
+ Qe row Qo fr 2-Pluk. 74. 4.-Pet.
Leaves rolled inwards. Bloss, hairy, a ve. Stamens 2 and
2, in opposite pairs. Linn. Stems trailing. ries Peep vf
long. Floavers solitary. Bloss. white without, within
aly ie Plantain, or Plantain ree ctt ~ r places liable to be flooded, and where waters have stood ie the winter.’ A. Ju in se
OROBAN’CHE. Cal. somewhat. cloven: dhss. gaping: germen resting on a «niet 5 caps. 1- “celled, 2-valved, many-seeded
0. Stem unbranched, pubescent: stamens the length of the blosso
ce 232-E. oe ‘421-Kniph. %=Tourn. 81, Orobanche.—Clus.
4 1.270. 2-Dod, 552. 3—Ger. em. 1311. 2-H. ox. xii. 16.
1-Riv. mon. 89.1, OrobancheGer. 1130. 2—Pet. 69.
10-Lob. obs. 531.1. a, and ic. ii. 89. 1. a-Ger. em. 1311.
1. a—Park. 229. 1. a—Matth. 536-F. B. ii. 781. 1- Lonic. ii. 24. 1.
Root large, fleshy, oval, scaly. Leaves none. Stalk 8 to 12
inches, with dry scat ttered scales, Flowers spiked, cylindrical,
the lower ae Woopwa Flower rs rust-colour, with some. what of a purplish tin on Broomrape "This parasitical plant is found in dry
roadie Centaurea Scabiésa. [ Also in corn-
feldy in a rem soil, which yee probably had Broom growing
547
aquat’ica,
ma’jor.
548
ramo’sa.
DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA. Orobanche.
on them. Broom Hills, very frequent. Mr. Woopw.—Shrawley Wood, Worcestershire. Mr. Battarp.—On a dry bank near Clifton upon Teme, Worcestersh. St.—Raby Park County of
urham. Mr, Ross ON. | P. May; June.
O. Stem branched: blossomis 5-cleft. E. bot. 184; (Q the root in a diseased state, Mr. Wostenard. i Sabbat. iii. 12-Cam. epit. 311-F. B. ii. 781. 2-Clus i. 271. 1-Ger. em. 1312. 3-Pet. 69. 11.
Root a solid bulb, elliptical, naked, or furnished with 1 or 2 spear-shaped. sitting scales, and numerous short thick fibres dffixed laterally, adhering and intermixed with the fibres of the
* :
roots of Hemp or other p a continuation of th
near drical when fresh, angular when dry, slightly downy; i ellow, ately or furnished with very fe
Drescher either immediately from the root, or alternate, swel-
ling at the base, nearly Hanh ge with each a scale at be
Spikes terminating. Floral-/eaves oval spear-shaped, somewhat
pets, nie Calyx segments pointed, the a larger the
, the sides next the stem being wanting. Blois ibe be bellying: yellow at the base, the upper part ad lips bluish
e, hairy on the outside ; xpper /ip roundish, cloven, /ower lip road, 3-cleft;. the middle nt largest, and with 2 yel- lowish prominencies at the mouth, similar to those in Melami
men, longer than the filaments and bending towards them, bluish. Sum- amit blunt. Woopwarp. Stem about a span high, generally, but not always branched. Branched ical as ch minor purpureis floribus sivt vamoso. J. B. ii. 781. (Mr. Woopwarp.) Cornfields and dry stures. Near Beccles, Suffol
near Feversham and Rochester ; about Glastonbury, and in De-
vonshire and Hants. Hups.—[ Brome near Bungay, Suffolk, 02 the roots of Hemp and Caleopsls. Tetrahit, both annual plants. r, Woopwarp.—Hemp fields near Wisbeach. Mr. ReiHan: A. June—Sept,
Var. 2. Stem simple. 6 ge Se os Be Stem very scaly, slightly downy; scales oval -shaped- Spike loose. Rlrebhioon rabdpnen: -shaped, ‘nerd ene
as long as the calyx. Ca/. with 4 deep divisions ; segments — » the 2outer the largest, the inner one next the stem ee
mall. Bloss. tube longer than the calyx; upper lip shorty KE en, roundish; /ower 3-cleft. Stamens within the flowe Woopwarp
Field af oats 2 miles beyond Rochester on the left hand going towards Horn’s-place, Ray.—[Northreps, Norf. a single plant:
TETRADYNAMIA.,
Mr. Prrcurorp.—Specimen from Mr. Lightfoot agreeing with that of Mr. Pitchford’s. Mr. Woo pwarp]
Dr. Smith, in E. Bot. is inclined to think that Ray’s = should be referred to the O. major, and doubts whether M Pitchford’s specimen from Northreps be the same with either, a serving that it agrees better with the O. purpurea of Jacquin: but remarks also that the whole genus wants a thorough investi- gation,
F———|
CLASS XV.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA.
1) Pouch not notched at the end. MCEN’CHIA. Pouch 5 ah crowned with the style: valves rather con DRA’BA. Pouch with ‘sae is valves: Style none. SUBULA’RIA. Pouch with half-egg-shaped valves : Style shorter than the pouch,
MY’AGRUM. See Meenchia. BU’NIAS. Pouch deciduous; egg-oblong; prickly. CRAM’BE. Pouch deciduous; globular; like a dry berry. Filaments 4, long ones cloven at the end. I’SATIS. Pouch deciduous ; spear-shaped; with 1 seed. VEL’LA. Pouch with valves only half the length of the partition. {Cochlearia Coronopus. ] (2) Pouch notched at the end. VBERIS. Two outermost petals the largest. ee oes Pouch heart-sh 7 alves blunt; bulgi
LEPYDIUM, Pouch heart-shaped : Valves sharply keeled. THLAS’PI. Pouch inversely heart-shaped; Valves (in some species) bordered ; keeled,
549
550:
Sati’va,
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Meenchia.
SILIQUOSA. (1) Cup closed ; the leafits approaching lengthwise. RA/PHANUS. Pod jointed. ERYS’IMUM. Pod 4-cornered. CHEIRAN’THUS. Germen with a gland on each side its base.
Its Dase
HES’PERIS. Glands within the shorter stamens : Petals oblique
A/RABIS. Glands 4: within the leafits of the cup: Sum- mit undivided.
BRAS’SICA. Glands, 2 within = pee stamens ; 2 on the outside the longer stam
TURRI'TIS. Petals upright.
DENTA‘RIA. Pod, valves, rolling back when open.
(2) Cup open, the leafits wide asunder upwards. CARDA’MINE. Pod opening: Valves rolling back. SINA’PIS. Pod opening: Cup expanding horizontally. SISYM’BRIUM. Pod opening: Valves nearly straight;
Cup open. ye
[Brassica Napus. ]
SILICULOSA. MCEN’CHIA. Pouch entire, egg-shaped, i
with the style: valves rather convex, pa- allel to the partition : ce//s with many seeds. Gme.in. M. Pouches inversely angie Res on fruit-stalks, contain- ing many seeds. Fi. dan, 1038-Kniph, 11-Trag. 655—Lonic.i. 154. 1-Ger 213. 2~Dod. 532, 1-Lob. obs. 11s Se and its ix 224- 2° Ger. em. 273. 3-Park. $68. 2—Pet. 48, 11—H, ox. tiie
21. row 3. 2~F. B, ii, 892-H. ox. iii, 21, row 2. Ife 4~Matth. 1172.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Crambe.
. Pouch, each side bellying out, but marked with a cavity inwards, which cavity disappears in the oe ee pled INN. ay cylindrical below, somewhat angular above, slightly hairy, clothed eee leaves. Leaves alternate, spear-shaped, ar- WR ice se, half embracing the stem, slightly tooth- Blass, yellow. Pouches on long fruit-stalks, termi- d
WA
Myogrum pas Se cae Gold of Blicsnre. Common Cam 3+ n plentifully, but apparently
rom aon countries. Near Bridport and Lime in Paleeret e. {Heydon, Norfolk. Rev. Mr. Bry- ANT. ] » May, June.*
BU'NIAS. Pouch, or rather drupa, A-sided, deci- duous: angles unequal, acute -B. Pouch egg-shaped, smooth, with 2 syed and 2 joints, E. bot. 231-Fl. dan. 1168—Kniph. 8—Lob. obs. 110. 3. te. i. 223. 1—Ger. em, 248, 5—Park. Bit LH, OX. “hii. 6. 20. —Pet. 46. 6-F. B. ii. 868. ie . Plant seen sea-green, of a salt taste. Leaves fleshy. ches falling off, and leaving a cloven base behind. Linn. Root slender. , woody, running deep into the sand, and terminated §
terminating segment "laigest. Glands, 1 within each shorter stamen, and 1 on the outside each pair of longer stamens. Pouch oblong -egg-shaped, crooked, 1 seed in ea Sea Rocket. Sea shore, [in deep sand, frequently just above Wes water mark. Yarmouth, Norfolk; Southwold, Suffolk. oopwarp. On the sandy den at bie. eomavee: po J une—Uct.
CRAM’BE. The 4 Lecgier filaments cloven at the top, one of the clefts bearing the anther; sceB-Bessel simple, piobulyy,.¢ deciduous.
Cc; Leaves and stem smooth.
* It is cultivated in Germany for the sake of the expressed oi} of the
seeds, which a ne ener use for inal, culinary, and economical
Urposes. re a favourite food with geese. Horses,;cows, goats, and Pm cat it.
55)
‘Caki'le.
marit’ima.
tincto’ria,
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Isatis.
FI, dan. 316~Ger. 248. 16—Pet. 48, 12—-Ger. em. 315. ld= H. ox. iii. 2. 16~Park. 270. 4. b.-Lob. adv. 92. and it. i. 245—Park. 270. 4. a.-Ger. 248, 15-F. B. ii. 830, a3 ;
/ not Kniph, 10, C. maritima.) This lant — i = were under the alee dl of a altro
Low Furness, | aac Mr. W OODWARD. Near Mera Cornwall, Mr. Wart. Chalk cliffs at Weymouth and Lul- worth-cove, and ie other slate on that coast.] P. May; Iie eo
Var. There is one variety with jagged — and another with yellowish ates.
VSATIS. Pouch or seed-vessel simple, oval-spear- shaped, compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, crowned by the style.
I. Root- rid scolloped ; stem-leaves arrow-shaped: pouches oblong Cultivated. — Fuchs. 332+F. B li. 909, 2~Maith, 635- Dod: 79: 2=Lobs obs. 190.1. and ic. i. 352. 1+Ger. em. 491. 9-Pet. 48. ive Wild.—E. bot. 97—Fuchs, 331-F. B, ii. 909, 1-Matth. 634 —Dod. 79. 1-Lob. obs. 189. and its 1.351. 2-Ger. ettte 491. 1-Park. 600, 3—Trag. 256—Ger. 394—H. ox. tii. 15« 10 and 11—Blackw. 246—Lomic. i. 149. 1. ~ Pouches on gos ia hanging down. Mr. es tem branched, aves, the uppermost strap-s Fin Calyx yellow. Petal ae at the end; yello ae —_ chesnut-colour Woad. Cornfcldy, and. bo borders of cornfields, but ra-
ther por Hups, N r Ely, Revuan. [Culti-
* The young and tender leaves are hoiled.as cabbage, but when fll
oom they occasion giddiness. Horses, cows, —_ sheep, and sw
ee
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Subularia.
vated about Heynsham, Somersetshire. Mr. Swayne. By th tiver Wear, near Durham. Mr. Rosson. | B. June i July.”
VEL’LA. Pouch globular, partition twice as large as the valves, and extending beyond them like the bit of a spoon, V. Leaves wing-cleft: pouches pendent. Kniph. 10-Clus, ii, 130. 1-Lob, obs. 102. 3, and ic. i. 205, 2-Ger. em. 247. 4~Park, 830. 2-F. B. ii. 920—Pet. 50. 5-Trew. pl. rar.
Stem branched, hairy. Leaves, segments strap-shaped, tooth. a: Petals cng with deep purple veins. Pouches hairy,
from Stonehenge. Ray.
SUBULA/RIA. Pouch entire, egg-shaped : valves egg-shaped, concave, placed across the par- tition : sty/e shorter than the pouch.
S. Leaves awl-shaped. _
Dicks, b. s.-E. bot. 732-Fi. dan. 35-H. ox. Viii. 10. 20-0 re 48, 8~Pluk. 188. 5, es and blossoms under water. Linn, Leaves %
ater Awlwort. Grows under water on a gravelly bottom in yedensh <i Ireland, on the side 42 Spgs Ray. es
rrys. Snowdon. nnon fréch rig Sdowdon: Denbighshire Mr. Grirritn. In a Clunie, “ag
DRABA. Pouch entire, aieaal. -oblong, rather .
compressed ; valves flat, parallel to the par- tition: style none,
* With the juice of this plant, it is said, the ancient Britons Bg re their bodies to render themselves mere terrible to their enemies. It is much used by the dyers for its blue colour, and \it is the basis of many pe ple rs. Swi anS OY ile wee. Cows eat it ; horsés, sheep,
553
ver’'na.
stella’ta.
mura’lis.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Draba. D. ae naked: leaves a serrated. Linn. Peas F di id ded. Sr. ? j ‘
Fi, c 983—Curt.-E. bot. '586-Thal. 7. E.-Walc.-Ded. 112. 2-Lob. obs. 240. 2. and ic, i, 469. 1-Ger. em. 624. 1~Park. 556. 3-Ger. 499. 1—Pet. 48. 6 and 7-F. B. ii 937. 2-Seguier. 1. 4+ 3. at p. 328—Kniph. 1.
hanging down at night. Petals divided. Linw;
Flow Stalks smooth after flowering, = hairy when young. Leaves
hairy, sometimes entire. F/owers when in blossom in broad. topped spikes, about 15 in Shek It is difficult to find the full complement of stamens when the flower is. fully expanded, as they sree when the germen begins to enlarge.
amon Ss saan Nailwort, Walls and dry places, and pastures Raa, Apri
D: Leaves hairy, toothed or entire: stalk with 1 leaf: pouches oblong, upright. Jaca. Petals entire. _ Jacq. austr. 432; and enum. 4. So Evfois inversely egg-shaped, Ao thick, tapering at the base into leaf-stalks, either entire or with a’ single tooth on each side, fringed and set on each sctfare with white. hairs, ay ends which are star-like ; these hairs are often wanting on the upper surface. Svza/k cylindrical, upright, hairy like the leaves; espe- cially on the lower part; furnished with 1, rarely with 2 leaves. Corymbus terminating, consisting of about 7 longish fruit-stalks. Petals pure white, large, entire, expanding. Jacquin. Draba hirta of Linneus. Dickson. In the D. hirta the petals are notched at the en ace ound by Mr. Dickson on rocks in the Highlands of i ae land ; on - Lawers, at great heights, and on t the mi summ Mr. ‘Brown Toe.
D. Stem eaiieheit leaves oa she. sitting, toothed. - Col. ecphr. 272—Barr. $16-Bauh. pr. 50-Park, 843. 13= A ox. iil. ze 5-F. B. ii. 939- oat i 48. 5.
* One of our earliest fowering plants, It is. good as a saiae Goats sheep, and horses cat it; cows are not fond of it; swing refuse it
| | | |
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Lepidium.
| Speedwell-leaved Whi Medi -grass. Fissures of rocks, moun- an
wo
Derbyshire, Yorkshire, and oat means Armbar Scar near Arncliff, Littendale and urT. [Near to a cotton manufactory a little ied Malham Cove. Mr. Carry. ] aye D. Stem-leaves ee hoary : pouches oblong, slant- i - ing, nearly sitting. E, bot. 388-Fl. dan. 130—Pet. 48.3 and 4—Pluk. 42. 1. Root a hand’s breadth long. Root-leaves very numerous,
disposed in a rose-like wee spear-shaped, cottony and somewhat ‘ poe pointed ; tem- leaves often = of 30, sitting,
esis stiff cL scciching to the It flowers with the nemone. Linx. Stems 6 to 9 files, slightly cottony, simple, aot: ' Leaves oval-spear-shaped, a little hairy, the lower
nated by the blunt summit. Mr. Wodbwanp. Wreathen-podded tienes, ae — of limestone roi = Saad mountainous meadows, Westmoreland and Caernar-
u pore, on the west Bex Woopwarp. Side of Rose-
LEPIDIUM. Pouch notched at the end, com- pressed : values sharply keeled; 1 seed in each cell.
+ (1) Four stamens vtec
tony pastures, especially in a calcareous soil, in.
555
inca’na,
¥s leave winged, very entire: petals notched, smaller petree’um.
than the calyx. , bot. 111-Facg. austr. 131-Col, ecphr. 273-Crantz. i, 2. oe 4. a, wiv Soares! smallest delicate ‘plants. Lan fies es dark 3 leaftts elliptical, tapering each way, on a stalks, very as thickich, isin 6 t ripe g. Bh an od Blowers 2 close Ose corymbus, which, as the fruit ripens, iespshene out into
8 ‘bunch, Petals spatula-shaped, white, as long as, and narrower
556 TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Lepidium.
than the calyx; generally very entire, but sometimes slightly notched. Pouches broad egg-shaped, blunt, convex ums erneat flat above ; wa/wes keeled. Jaco. Stem branched fi ni _ . the root. Leafits spear-shaped, horizontal, just sodtky Cadel than the mid-rib. Sr.
Mountain Dittander. Rocks, walls, and stony places. St. Vincent’s Rock, on the low rocks over against Goram’s Chair, and on the walls about Bristol. Uphill, ie [ Dove- dale. Mr. Carey, | B, March—April..
latifo’‘lium. L. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, entire, serrated. FI. dan. 557—-E. bot. 182-Kniph. 3—Fuchs. 484-F. B. ii 940. 1-Trag.83-—Maith. 609-Dod. 716. 1-Lob, obs. 172 4, and ic. i. 318. 2-Ger. em. 241. 2-Park. 855. 1-H.0%s Hii, 21. row 2. 1-Blackw. 448-Lonic. i. 161—Ger. 187+ 2-Pet, 48. 10-F. B, ii. 940. 2. Stem branched, zigzag. Leaves smooth, een entire,
sometimes a little serrated a middle part ; lower ones unequal at the base. Calyx leaves purplish, ey at the edge. ue . Flowers numerous, in panicles, Rigeudes Leapepuatt: Poor-man’s Peppe ommon Ditt
r. Com ittaite der. pastures. Hythe, near Colchester; Hey- bridge, near ’Maldon ; ; and marshes near Grays, int Essex ; Sher-
ingham Cliffs, Norfolk ; and between Beningborough and Mit.
ton in the North Riding of Yorkshire. [Near Seaton, plenti- _
fully. Mr. Rozson. Near St. Asaph. Lord ua ISHAM. ] : P, June, July.»
(2) Stamens either 2 or 4. did’ymum. L, Stem eee Te bt foe leaves with winged clefts: fruit
8 bot, 248. Stem a foot — Leaves winged ; ae sa lepine spear-shaped, toothed on the fore edge. Bux. of the leaves, as long as the leaves. ee, very mi ute. Caps. roundish, double, hat wrin An fiehiediae plant the C Cachlearias and Lepidiums, Linn. Stamens
L. anglicu e> ups. Procumbent Dittander. On rubbish about kane 5 pu Truro and Penryn, sone snag Near Exe- ter. Mr. Newserry. } une, July.
rudera‘le. LL. Root-leaves tooth- winged ; branch-leaves wae das very entire: petals sometimes wanting.
This is sone of the acrid antiscorbutics, a _ formaesty usod in the Ses of Horseradish. An infusion of it yomit
CR ee
FPruit-stalks pr
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Thlaspi.
Trag. 83. 2—Fl. dan. 184-Maith. 608—Dod. 713. 1-Lob. ic. i. 214. 1-Ger. em. 262. 4—Park: 820—H. ox. iii. 19, row
2. f: 3-Pet. 50. 15 Fuchs, 307-F. B. ii. 914. Ste tansy crooked, eines stiff. Leaves fleshy, smooth. numerous, small, much com- - Woopwarp. Fle wers either with or without petals.
Na in Pee ed Dittander. On rubbish, and on the sea some Maldon, Essex. Yarmouth, Lynn, and Clay, Norfolk ; Tru Corn Salt marshes near Yarmouth, Portail plentifally. Mr. Woopwarp. Rubbish on the side of the Severn, above Worcester. St. Near King’s Weston, below ‘Brit The plant smells like a fox. B. June, July.
THE AS EL. oe pola heart-shaped, notched -at the end; valves like a keeled boat, often ~ winged with a border ; cells many- seeded.
Ludw. 173—Fl. dan.7-93-Blackw. 6S=Marth. 567=—Ger. 204. 1-F. B. iz. 923-Sheldr. 105—Dod.7 12—Lob. obs. 108. 1,
and its: Te 212. 2-Ger. em. 262. 1-Park. 836. 1-H, ox. ili. 17..12—Pez. 50. 9.
Leaves arrow-shaped at the — nine the stem. Phiches
deeply notched. Mr. Woopwaro. Stem about 2 feet high, with or 8 membranaceous get Seeds Seek but com-
‘pressed, hanging or pointing downwards. Bloss. white.
Treacle Mustard. raat Cornfields, especially in a muddy soil. A, June, July.*
.
357
T, Pouches round and flat: leaves oblong, toothed, smooth. arven’ se.
T, Pouches roundish : leaves arrow-shaped, toothed, hoary. campes’tre.
Curt.—Ger. 204. 2-Pet. 50. 7 7 —Fuchs. 3 are Bi gic 921.. l= eo 87. Leaves very soft, and almost velvety. Linn. Stems many
from the s ate root, thickly clothed with leaves. Leaves grow- ing without order. In some. situations it is green and sienty
iry, in others very downy and white, and is Gd then the: T hirtum of Hudson. Woopwarp. Stem clothed with leaves, un- divided except at the tops where it separates into 7 or 8 ong
seer the branches naked. Raot-/eaves spear-egg-shaped, on
bs i leaf-stalks, sometimes wing-cleft at the base. Frait- stalks horizontal. Pouches nearly heart-shaped, smooth, convex
e Mays shee whole plant has something of a garlic flavour. The seeds have
mony of mustard. When cows eat it their milk gets a ads bi —Cows, goats, and swine eat it. Sheep and horses re
558 TETRADYNAMLA. SILICULOSA. Thlaspi.
on the lower, and concave on the upper surface. Bloss.. white, Cups fi brown spots,
ridate Peverd Bastard Cress. ae — sunny }
Sadan: in a clayey and sandy soil. e, July. - 2. Leaves, smooth, ‘scarcely serrated ; thes at rile root not indeed
Blackaw. 407-Dod. 713. 2—Lob. obs. 108. 2, and ic. ix 213. 1—Ger. em. 262. 2—Park. 830, 2-Pet. 50. 8-H. ox. ili, 17. 14—Marzh. 566. Leaves ee an 1, and not so tapering to a point. Pouches aspi vaccarie he pilio glabra R. Syn. 305. Between Beccles and Bungay, Suffolk. Ray bie Var. 3. cotteny. Pouches, stem and es cottony., .. This has been supposed al be the Thlaspi hirtum of Linn. t I am of opinion with Woodward, that-it is only a va- riety of the 'Thl. campestre. aud is like soft velvet to the touch, nor are the pouches properly rough with baits, (hirsute) eer are only cottony in a slight degree. It di obviously from the T..campestre, in the root ee yes peti entire, Mi on very rong leaf-stalks. It is about 10 or 12 inches high, b uh She aa ean Thi. hirtum is not above half so high, an Sevdieel y-egg-shaped, a and broad at the end, but in our i, ae
are’ strap-spear-shaped. Th wok hirtum nOF Hudson and other English authors, [On Dartmoor. ] May, June.
perfolia'‘tum. T. Pouches inversely-heart-shaped: stem-leaves _heart- @ abapes ed, smooth, somewhat toothed : petals as long e calyx : stem branched. Dicks. h. s.—Facq. austr. 337-Col. ecphr, 276. o-Tab. itt 851=Pet. 50. 12.
. wermost ives sede , on leaf- sik es 8 inches high. Leaves glaucous green, claspin; t Perfoliate et Wide aa Thlaspi tae Huds. ed. ii. Stone pit ep beset and Burford, and on Burford Downs, Oxfordshire. Ae AREY
monta‘num, T. Pouches inversely heart-shaped : leaves smooth ; au. les attledore-shaped, very entire: stem-leaves embracing the stem: petals bs than the ¢ pot
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Thlaspi.
aoe. austr. 237-Cal. ecphr. 276. 1-F..B. ii. 926~-Tabern. 852. 1-Ger. em. 208, right hand fig.—Clus. ii. 131. 2. -| Root. creeping. Ray. -Root-/eaves large, smooth, seiesing down into ra, Mr. Woopwarp. Seeds only 1 or 2 in each cell. E. b Fl owers large, white. Axnthers po pe . Thlaspi “vats Globilarie. Ray. Synz. 305. In about the ebbing and flowing well, a Shile from Settle i in York. “shire, towards Ingleborough ; nan in many places of the moun- inous pastures between Sett am, Ray. I found it on the road from Settle to Malham, within about half a mile of the Tarn. Curr. [On Ingleborough. Woopwarp. dbus P. June, July. aes Pouch ingerecly heart-shaped : leaves glaucous, some- what toothed, embracing ne stem : petals as long as the eps seeds num “EB. ‘bot. 81-—Clus. ii, 131. Saupe: $54. 19~Ger. em, 263. 7. Ger, 210, 7-Park. 837. 8-Thlaspi perfoliatum minus. Ray Syx. 305. 6.° * Root leaves forming a tuft. Stem stile; central, flowering ¢arly ; other lateral stems afterwards shoot up, flowering later. Petals white, about the length of the calyx. Anthers purplish. eeds 3 or 4 in each cell. E. bots © Dr. Smith observes, that Mr.
has been m
any view to Mr. Hudson’s opinions, and are founded on
the indlipueable veracity, and well known accuracy of Ray, who, in his Bebe ae Pp: at No. 4 and 6, records two species, refer-
fag to the same figures which Linnzus in the Sp. Pl. has quoted
to the Thi. ae “Gnd Thi. alpestre, so se I must believe
‘le grass. Yorkshire Merrer. ost limestone re Rae Westmoreland and Cumberland, Strcabadcaie Limestone rocks ey ae Dr. SMITH, B. July.
alpes’tre.
560
ursa pasto’ris.
officina’lis.
~
TETRADYNAMIA., SILICULOSA. Cochlearia.
T. Pouches compressed, triangularly inversely heaps tiage ed, smooth, without a border: root-leaves w ing-cle
Ludw.186—Curt.-Blackw. 5~Walc. 5~Dod. 103.1-Lob. obs. 110. 1, and it. i. 221. 1-Ger. em. 276. 1-H. ox. iii. 20. row 1. 2~Pet. 49. 4, 5, 6, and 7-Ger. 214, 1-Fuchs. 611=Trag. 215-F. B. ii. 930-Lonic, i. 139. 1-Park. 866. 1—Maith. 569.
e embracing the stem iy Porch long, flatted at the top, termt- nating. Calyx Petals entire, white. Summit circular,
ringed, concave, “Anthers a little woolly. Germen egg-shaped, compressed, with a channel down the middle. epherds-Purse. Shepherds-Pouch. Among rubbish, road sides, ally cornfields, gravel walks, - March—Sept. is plant is a strong instance of the influence of soil and —— for it grows almost every where, and sometimes is not re than 2 inches high when it flowers and perfects ‘its seeds ; while’ in other situations it attains the height of 2 or 3 Liny. The plants of this genus begin to flower long before they have ere: their full size, the flowers at first forming a corym after a while s. out and assumes the form of a long pike bunch. ‘The stem also, at first simple, in time becomes branched, the first brnshens issuing from its upper part.
COCHLEA’RIA. Pouch notched at the end, turgid, tough, DARN rimss 5 valves bulging, blunt. C. Root-leaves heart-circular ; stem-leaves oblong, a little indented : fruit globular. - .E. bot. 551-Kniph. 3-Ludw, 133-Fl, dan. 135-Blackw. '227~Woodw. 29~Pet. 49. 1-F. B. ii. 942—Dod. 594. 1* Leb. obs. 156.4, and ic, i. 293. 2-Ger. em. 401. 1—Park. 283. 2-H. ox. iii, 20. 1-Ger. 324, 1. tad kidney-shaped, contin veined, on long leaf-stalks ; stem-leav Ra outing, slightly toothed, and in a mountain dr men much larger the Silanes Fruit-stalks longs ie —— ton bent back. Pouch, style hardly mible. Mr. Wome ARD. Stem angular, Root-leaves OM - om ng leaf-staleg heart-kidney-shaped, fleshy ; stem-/eaves sitting, so oar halberd-shaped, the lower sometimes on short broad . leaf-stalks, Petals fleshy, "clear white ; c/awi greenish. Pouch
scat by the style; smooth ; Fh. oc Souble Seeds ay
curuy-grass. crooby-grass. Ss, common, also on inland mountains in Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Scotland, an Wales. A. April, May.*
r. Hudson considers the C. groenlandica as “ott a var. of this, nly as far as a gos from the — character, the C, da. re, so great are the changes to which it is subject ; but the e following oetameenhint of this Proteus-like plant, is more extraordinary phan ay, other thing of the kind which has occurred to my obsery Rost woody, sending out fibres. Stem none. Leaf stalks lying close on ‘es ground, springing from the crown ty very slender, about 1 or 1} inch lon pees a entire, varying from Opentye to heart shaped, sometimes with a oi indentation on each side, about of an inch in dia Frit-stalks from the crown ‘oe the root, rey. senders leafless, 1 to 13 inch long, supporting a single flo Bloss, a reflected, very much larger ind che calyx, of a rich lilac-colour, sraked with deeper purple lines. Pouch ihe heart-shaped, 2-celled, with 4 _foegt seeds in each, placed alt ternately, on short pedicles This pelegant little Fk grows in a rich soil in various places about Lisbon, but more particularly on the shores of the Tagus ; ra desieg in January and Fe rane sed I never saw it = aS~
oO fi. n ° oad i=] oq 7 ~ ° a Bb
1794. in every respect with the Pratagal ‘aie In April t the
colour of the peta arte more eae the hau plant larger, and much resembling the Cochl. danica fig. in the Fl. dan. t. 100. In
May the petals “oe entirely white, and much
smaller than those which had flowered in March: the flowers
*d a. corymbus, the stems pet to a foot or more in heighr,
+ Spite, Standing this is'a native of the sea soning it is cultivated in out without any persibid alteration of its properties. It possesses a wore able degree of ony, and this acrimony seems to reside ina
ery subtile essential ail. Its effects as a anti-scorbutic are untversally $ i. and it is a powerful remedy in t germ wr Re and in what
y denham calls the scorbutic rheumatism. A distilled water, and a con+ os phe Prepared from the leaves, and its j juice. is prescribed along with A salad mnt by the name of anti-scorbutic juices, It may be eaten as wee WS eat it. Horses es, goats, and sheep refuse it.
Vox. III. P Pp
561
563
dan‘ica.
groenlan’
ica,
_TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Cochlearia,
beating angular ave a in every respect cotresponding with the ordinary C. officina
‘C. All the leaves Pfejeredsaltlanes: with tatberd-shapa 1e base.
angles at
E. bot. 696=Fi/. Axe 10¢—Lob. oe 338. 1, oe jacks Ole 2=Ger. em. 27\—Park, 848. _ B. ii. 939. ei Ox» ili, 20. 3~Pet. 49. 3.
Stem not branched asin C, ofcinalis. Suckers trailing. All
the leaves balbershegees or egg-shaped, with an angle on each
side of the base. Leaf-stalks not toothed at the base, or embrac-
ing the stem. Capsules en Linn. Stems numerous ‘ir. Woopwarv. Bless. white
cgi meson, Ger, em. 271. Patt 848, (Sr.) Danish
curvy-gr res, Islé © an re, ai near Licnbadtick charels east Rar. “Dale » No pe E.] . A. Ma ays June
C. Leaves kidney-shaped, entire eto - Barth, act. iii. t. 144.
R anelenc very small, underneath very convex and ‘fleshy, without veins, very Rape le on ne leaf-stalks. Linn. Cochlearia hich ae grows on the mountains of Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, and Wecemoreaad, of which hi have have now plants in my garden from Wales and Craven, yearly sow oo
five continued the same for above 10 years. RiIcHARDSON in R. Syn. e same is confirmed in Mr. Sherard’s eile at Eltham, Drit, 74. Miller also, who from his manner of speak- ing appears to have cultivated it, speaks of it as a distinct spe-
cies, and er it is biennial, but that the C. offcimalis is an an-
nual. Sr. only a starved variety of C. offtinalis, Licutr specimens above mentioned seem to answer equally to the descriptions of c. groenlandica and officinalis, except that the Zeaves are ve
rom-the specimens I have seen, I suspect it to be
r. Woopwarp. From such differences in opinion, whatever may ie the ae plant of Linnzus, I am inclined to suspect that ~ py us variety of the C. o is.
ie 6 enquiries sent to Mr. Griffith, he’ favoured me with the he following esse re “« ‘The Cochlearia groen- landica is certainly not an annual. I cultivated it 3 or 4 yeat during which time it retaisied its diminutive state, which gavé me reason to suppose it distinct from the C. officinalis ; but I have since repeated the experiment, and it became as large as the Cochl. officinalis.’” Mountains of Caernarvonshire ;» about Llanberys, plenti fully. Huns. Mountains near Settle. Corr.” ~ Linn. Hup5. Be Mut,
SSS NE TE ee en eT Se AE Fel SS STS AS TEE STS eR Se Nau Te
———
TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Cochlearia, 563.
C. All the leaves egg-spear-shaped. an’glica,
_ E. bot. 552-Fl. dan. 329-Blackw. B18Dod, 594. 2~Lob,
obs. 157. 1, and ic. i, 294. 1-Ger, em, 401, 2~Park.285« 1.—H. ox. iii. 20. row 3. 2~Ger. 324. 2.
he root-leaves are generally entire, the stem-leaves genes rally indented, but sometimes they are all entire, or all indented,
Pouches roundish, fleshy, much larger than t C. officinalis, and Soran by a longer style about 2-3ds of a line in length, WARD
onetini English Seurvy-grass. Sea shores, in mudd Soil. Salt marshes, ae and Been whe — the salt Fuad over« flows it every tide. Mr. La ¥ th, Mr. C on the coast rg Mr. Woo ati Isle of Wight, sb and ng’s Weston. Sr. River banks site the Hotwells, Bristol. Mr. Swayne me A. or B, May.
C. Leaves wing-cleft: stem depressed. _Coro’nopus. Fl. dan. 202—Blackw. 120-Ger. 340. 2~Ded. 110—Lob. obs. 240. 1, and tc. 1. 438. 1=Ger. em. 427. 2—Pet. 50. G~ H. ox. iii. 19. 9=Tourn. 102—F. B. ii, 919, 2~Marth. 851—Park. 502. 5—Park, 502. 2; and root-leaves prostrate, longer than the branc woke cut ato the fore edge, sat entire dogg the back Tice terminating one. strap-shaped, very entire. ~Pouc ney- crim depressed on de sides, with furrows and sharp ridges runn ing towards ad edge, where ey run out into sharpish poi points; one of the cells not unfrequently empty, in Which case the fertile heel expands filling up almost the whole of the seed-vessel. In t st respect it accords with the Magram, Sr. Buncher “a “a bosom of the leaves. Boss.
2S apa Cress. Seuveypraiy: Cornfields ; age ae. C. Root-leaves spear-shaped, scolloped: stem -leaves snipt. Armora’cia, Woodv. 150-Blackw, 415—Fuchs. 660~F. B, ii. 852-Lonic. i. 160, 1-Trag. 734=Dod. 678. 1-Lob. obs. 173, and it, i. 320. 1-Ger. em. 241. 1—Park. 860-Pet. 49, 11-Gers 187. 1~Matth, 442-H. ox. iil. 7. row 3. 24 Var, 2. Root-leaves deeply wing-cleft. Sr. Pet. 490.12. * Plonwers white, PP2
564° TETRADYNAMIA, SILICULOSA. Iberis.
Horse-radish. Sides of ditches, banks -of ~rivers. About “Alnwick, Northumberland banks of Stsunbes. oat else- where in Bolland, in Crayen. Ray. . P. May.” C. didyma, See _ idium didymam
IBERIS. Bloss: pee the two outer petals larger: pouch roundish, compressed: /parti- tion placed crosswise; 1 seed in each cell.
ama’ra, J. Herbaceous: leaves Sat ep acute, somewhat toothed :, flowers .in bun E. bot. 50. 2-Kniph. —_ tetr. 109, Thlaspid. file Nasturiu-F. B, ii. 925. 1~Ger, 205. €-Ger, em. 203-55 on the right hand. _« Similar to J. umbellata, (the common Candytoft but smaller, Linn. Leaves ocue am ped, generally with 1 or
2 teeth on Maal: ide. Flowers in a terminating spike-like _
bunch ;
Bitter "Cand Cétafeli' about Henley, and other places in PA UDs. ” about Wallingford Ber s- Dr. Sur FRoad side reno wen, Cheadle and Oakmoore ; ona Ginenh "Rev. J. A, Dickenson. | A, June, Julye
nudicau‘lis. J, Herbaceous: leaves wing-cleft : stem naked, simple. Dicks. bh. s.—Curt.—Dod, 103. 2-Lob. ic. i. 221. 2-Gers ems 276. 2~Park. 866, 2-¥. B. ii. 937. 1~Pet. 50. Q-Fla dan. 323~Ger. 194. 3—Ger. em. 251. 4—Park, 828. T- Magn. bot. 187—-H. ox. iii. 19. 5.
Stems numerous, with usually one sitting leaf below the middle. Root-Jeaves spread on the ground in a circle, smooth, with winged clefts, the terminating lobe large. Pouches some- -what convex on one side, flat on the other, bordered with a pro- jecting margin, and marked with a perpendicular line, which 18 ‘the edge of the partition. Woopwarp. From 2 to 4 inches high, Leaf-stalks as long as the leaves. Flowers small, whitt, in a terminating spike-like bun
Rock Cress, Naked candy mr and very barren heaths, Near Hampton Richmond d Ba res
xy € root scraped is in common use at our tables as a condiment for
fish, roast beef, &c. and it is used for many other culinary purposes, AB
infusion ‘of i it in cold-milk, makes one.of the safest and best cosmetics.
In paralytic and dropsical cases it is an useful stimulant and di eee y A
strong mfusion of it excites amen A ‘istilled water is prepared from
it. Horses, cows, goats, sheep, and swine refuse it ~ Lhe Papitio Brassic@ $ upon the several species,
PI fait ee ne ee RIE te a ee Tie Te. Mo as tk Sha) = ES
-TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Dentaria.”
Commons. Ray. Putney Heath. Mrz. Old. stone pits by the side of Pensham Field, Worcestershire, Nasa. . [ About
Nerwich, frequent. Mr. Prrcur.—and B Bungay, Suffolk. “Mr.
Woopw.—Between Corby Castle and Carhsle. Sr: Harmer
Hill, near Salop. Mr. Arnin 204 oo Ay May—July. _ SILIQUOSA.”
DENTA‘RIA. Pod cylindrical, bordering, open-
: ing with a jerk; valves rolling back,: rather shorter than the sponge-like partition: szm- mit notched: calyx closes
D.° Lower-leaves winged; the upper ones undivided.’ ~ bulbi’fera.’
~ _ &. bot. 30G-Fl. dam 361-Clas iis 127. sie 9 te. 1. we Qe
Ger, em. 984. 1—Park. 620. 1-Ger. 833. roduced from the bosom of the leaves as in the Lilium bulbiferae and the fruit in the like manner abortive. Linn. temsimple, Leaves, the lower with 3 pair of leafits, and an oddone confluent with the. pair beneath; . leafits Blan spearshaped, serrated. Flowers flesh-coloured, Bulbs of the upper leaves, scaly, which falling off take rot and produce new. plants, ‘It rarely produces seeds. Mr. Woo ‘WARD. Bulbs black.
- Bulbed Coralwort. . Woods and shady Pise and.Foxholes Woods near Mayfield, Sussex. say Wood, near Hatefield: Bracxsr. Woods epee pee
d Wickham. Huns P. April, May.
CARDAM‘INE. Pod long, pe, opening with a jerk: valves rolling back, parallel to the -membranaceous partition: sammit a knob, entire: calyx rather open.
(1). Leaves undivided.
C. Leaves egg-shaped, very entire, on long leaf-stalks.
Fl, dan. 20-Facq. misc. i. 17, 2-Fl. lapp. 9. 2-
- . Root-leaves on leaf-stalks. In its larger growth there are leaves on the stem, but rarely, with leaf-stalks. Flowers white.
e
ated in ie laces near Denbigh where the Cardamine was said © The specimens pee 2 me were gathered wild in Scotland, an and seit me by Mr. Mun P,
» pellidifo'lia.
566 _ TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. ‘Cardamine.
petre’a. C. Leaves oblong; toothed. et. eth de eos — hed. Bloss. w n Ladies smock. [ bg rock in Caernarvonshire as Mocyathea near abe i 4 y Clogwyn, du ynyr Ar hie y Carnedh near Llanberys ; and on moist rocks sbaws the ake Layn-du. Ciispyn du yn yr Arddes. R. Spx. In great plenty. Mr.Grirritn. By the Ist raed stone from Bi kedcieh to Welsh Pool, Mr. Atxty.] P. May—July. : (2) Soapes singed. : impa’tiens. C, Leaves winged; leafits apearebapeds,t toothed or cuts stipulz fringed. (E. bot.). E. bot. 80-F, B, it. 886. 1-Barr, 155-Ger, em, 260. 7a _ Park, i241. 4—H. ox. iil, A 1—Pet, 47. htt 1533 Stem seldom branched. Leafits of | aes upper nae nearly entire, of the middle ones toothed, of the lower ones considers ably cut and jagged. Stipule crescent-shaped, half embracing the stem. Peta/s small, white, deciduous ; sometimes wanting. <°_ Impatient Ladies s mes Mountainous meadows on the sides of | Soot ee on rocks and moist stony places, i in Derbyshire, beer shire, and Westmoreland. bs ate ee oe [Roc Matlock Bath, Derbyshire. Mr. Woo RD. por thrown up from a quarry "above Leach Ford; nearly opposite
Shrawley, and in Chay Wood near Hanley, Worcesters. St.] * A. Mays J unes
hirsu’ta, C. Leaves winged, leafits opposite: stamens 4. E. bot. 491—Cam. as 27 0-Scop, 38, at li, pe 21-Barte 455—F. B. ii Stems generally numerous, the central one upright, the rest declining, hairy. oot-leaves very numerous, forming a a circle on the 3 /eafts roundish, 3 or 4 pair, with an odd one m Jarger ; dim lees 2 or 3 on each stem, oat or spear- shaped. Mr. Woopwarp. Stems from 3 to 5 inches high. Leafits opposite, mostly 3 pair, the “dia one at the end larger and more cir ircular, Cardamine hirsuta 8 Huns. Cardamine minor arvensis. D * ol
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Cardamine
gone. Mr. Gippy and Mr, Sracxnouss ; and j ie Scotlands, Hore, enue and Seafertiabreys panes March-—June,* *;
C. ee leafits toothed, ae alternate, unequal . at the base.
Curt. Q7+FI. dan. 735-Walc. C. hirsuta. Sren 8 to. 12 inches high; stiff, angular, ‘ribbed, Zigzag, being bent at the setting off of every leaf or bran Leaves: Root-leaves 2 a in a circle on the puis on _ leaf-stalks,- Leafits 5 or 6 pair, with an odd one at -\ the.end: ssdagremanry irregularly ‘toothed, unequal at the base, Stem-leaves alternate, irregular sitting. _ Leafits 3 to 5 pair, with an odd one which is lar , ; some sitting, some on short leaf-stalks, irre ay ~ toothed.
Fruit-srauxs cylindrical, but compressed; ‘slanting. Catrx half the length of the blossom: generally purplish. Bross. Petals white, rounded at the end. —
Stamens 6, longer than the blossom. — Anthers yellow. Pist, Summit pale green.
_ 8. Vess, Pod straight, néarly Bes haat but ey RU sed.
-compresse
SeEps 6 on each side of the partition.
PLANT somewhat hairy; hairs few, soft, white, mpeth ly on the lower ‘part of the stem and the edges of the leaves.
ers in a terminating corymbus, which in time
shoots out in form of a spike-like bunch; and the full grown plants sometimes put forth ally bunches.
iat beeen ape By oa tadge af a var. of
the C, hirsuta, _ but i it has rote nera baa ef for the C.
stalks being slanting upwards, not atc tal. a: does not appear that the C, nan sega been found in our Island.
Zigzag Ladies smock. C. parviflora. Bot. Cardamine hirsuta. Weser, Curtis, WaALcoT, Hops. Gan.
The young leaves are a good sallad. Lt is pretty warm in the mouth, much resembling Water Cress in taste, St.
567:
flexino’ $307
568 aie, STLIQUOSA. Cardamine.
damine impatiens whee hirsutior. R. Syn. 300. Ditches,’ Sosis, shady, wet, and boggy places. Rsoleett at Edgbas. ton, aad in ahha at the tail oe the Pool. A. May —July.
praten’sis. C, Leafits of the root-leaves vouridith, those of the stem- leaves spear-shaped; very €
Curt. 175-E. bot. 776-Knipb. ah dan. 1039-Weode.
30-Wale.—Sheldr. 109—Blackhw. 223—Lob. obs. 100+ 25
and ic. i. 210. 1-Ger. em. 259. 1-Gers 201, | 1-Clus. its
128. 2~Dod. 592. 2~Lob. obs. 106. 3, and ic. i. 210. 2-
Ger. em. 259: 2=Ger. 201. 2+Park, 826. 2, and 1239. f.
— ox. ili. 4. 7—Pet. 47. ee le 159. 5—Fuchs.
25-7. B. ii. 889. 1-Trag. 82, oe of the lower stem-leaves cages higher up ae shaped, those of the upper ihe WARD, Flow
* Var. 2. Double flowered. This is a at besa lant in the garden, me is viviparous. [Meadows about fies Hall, neat Salop. Mr. Arxiy. In a field 5. W. at the Tap-house at Hagley, Worcestersh. ]
ama’ra. C, Leavés winged: suckers from the bosom of the Icaves Linn, Leafits of the stem-leaves angular, sitting. ST. va 158—Allioni. 56. 1—Herm. par. 2003—F. By ii. “§85- - pr. 45. 1—Park. 1239. 3-Pet. 47. 1.
‘dik purple, ae yellow as in C, pratennis » Linn. Stem '» stron ost W chers round, crooked. Leafits irregularly fridbsnted, and thinly i with little teeth.
Bunches terminating and lateral. Flowers white.
* The virtue of the flowers in hysteric and setliait: cases, Rik first mentioned by Ray, in his letters, published by himself; and. since then by Dr. Baker in the Med. trans. i. 442. The oie i is from es a grains
‘ec aday. Do they not act like ts Er “ese # oe in the epl-
i the different success a = and f iteee eat it, Horses and swine refuse it. Cows are not fond of :
a eel id
= much used = that purpose in
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Sisymbrium.
* Bitter Cresses, or Ladies smock. Near purls of water, es on ieithe banks of rivers, boggy places, and moist meadow
tures. Dorking, Surry ; Braintree, Essex ; Middleton, War: wickshire ; Lewishatn Harefield, Uxbridge, Batters, Chelsea and G. Comberton, Worcestershire, { Norwich. Mr. Crowz. Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woopwarp. oe Worcester. Sr. Aston on, near Birmingham, M4 P. April, May.*
SISYMBRIUM. Pod cylindrical, opening; valves
straightish, about the length of the wie ae ae and d/oss. expanding.
(1) Pods declining ; short. s. Leaves winged; -leafits ege-shaped. ag: dan. 690-E. bot. 855—Woodv. 48—Fuchs. 723-7. P. ii, ,; ~ 884-Trag. 82. 2—Dod. 592. 1—Lob.obs. 105. 3, and ic.1. 209. 1—Ger. em. 257. 5—Park. 1239. 1-H. ox. iii. 4. 8- Per, 47. 2, and 3—Matth. 487—Lonic. i. 114. 2-Blackw. 60.
Bhs, white, terminating. © Common water-cresses, Springs, brooks, and rivulets. B, June, July.t
S. Pods chiong-ep-shaped or cylindrical : ‘eafits spear- Shaped,’ se Cnty ett Bes 190-Ger. em. 248. 6-Park. -1249—Pet. 46. 5-H. ox. iti. 6. 17-Fuchs, 263-7. B. ii. 866. Be. & very cen Leafits of the root-leaves dient 3 stem-leaves spear-sha Flowers cig 2 ede Petr dectning. Bloss. a lutle longer than th Eup Nect. glands 4, circle. Seeds gene- y eee: it increasing so , coasiblaliy by the root. Mr. Woopwarp. _ - Stem and reir zigzag. Pods with us the
* Sheep eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Live. The young leaves are acrid and bitterish, but do not taste amiss in sallads. Laon. fc ved Vv in sucha degree a 0 promise very co sab medical 1 uses. The Papilio Cardamine ees upon the diferent Speci
Thi isis very universally used as anearly and wholesome spring sal- lad. It is ane taslicas aati orbutic and stomachic, with less acrimony than the Scur rvy-grass, It isan ingredient in the anti-seorbutic juices.
Nasturtium,
sylves’tre,
=
57m TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. Sisymbriumy
when they do. the ipa isso an -oblong-egg-shaped ‘oes as Tonnens deseri 6 it.
Mr? Novi snd Su On the ‘banks of the Severny: 1 neak Worcester. 2 P. June, July.
etals longer than the ct
Wate be oe Radish Water-cress Watey laces anon banks o ers. »_ P. Jun iy
qrands't See ee ieiede, soenbid aeteiadl Sig tyr
gmphib'ium. S. Fans a Pap feattes wing-cleft, serrated? asi
+ Rl. dan, 984-Kniph. 12sC.B. pr. 38- 1-Park. 1m on
Pet. 49. 8-H. ox. ili, 7 row 3. 4—Ger. Sinai ttt. 234, 250 ef ~ een VES ° eo When growing in water es some’ » depth the deaster oe the sorfate strap-shaped, winged, nearly like those of the Horomia; spear-shaped, serrated. Linn. Stem oth ted, smiosth, half
ae at first + cei afterwa rds - - Woopwarp. Stem smo cored, ¢ +96 int Leaves egg-spea 2 Sein 3 scolloped and set with litde teeth at the edge, with often from 1 to 3 winged clefts at the base. Leaf stalks semi-cylindrical, channeled above. © Fruit-stafks while in ower about 2 an inch long, and upri iglit; but Becbgits bendi ing back and pointing downwards. oak the one 5
Sip. ee amphi ibium. aquaticum 6 Lixx, S. eanitie Potiicu. hatte sylvestris seu potable: R. ‘Syn, 301... (St) {In the Foss at York. Mr. Woop,—Side of the river and ae ditches. at Tamworth, and of the Sevetn near’ Worcestels
Var. 2. Leaves deeply’ wing-cleft. ;
-Kniph. 5+Ger, 185. 2-F. B. ii. 867. 2-Pet. 49. ote tle
i. 319-Ger. em. 240, Q—Park, 1228. 1.' » the clefts extending nearly to the mid-rib, segments epear. tap apd pine ne , generally very entire, or with 1 of 2 ‘saw-l i tire ate ps ving hitermestign specimens with leaves pretty deeply cut and serrate _ ST,
2% ae
\
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. ‘Sisymbriunr. $71
«| Silymbrium amphibium tervestre y Linn, on. the authority of - the figures referred to by Vaill.* es
S. Root annual : leaves wing-cleft pods full of seed: terres’tre. petals ‘shorter than'the cup. ~ ; Curt, 289-F]. dan. 931-F. B. ti. 867. 1-C. B. pr. 38. 2 oi Park, 1228. 1. f. 2-H. ox. iti, 7. row 3. 3-Pet. 49. Oe
fated, or toothed here and thete. Hatt. Petals yellow, blunt, ..°..+ +95 very entire, somewhat shorter than the cups.
tween the Magdalen Hospital and Lambeth Marsh. Curr.— on the road to the Castlehill, Sr.] _ A, June.—Sept.
Ne i. (2) Stem naked, or nearly so.
S. Leayes smooth, nearly entire; the lowermost once or tenuifo'liam.
twice pinnatifid; the uppermost undivided. (E. bot. i E. bot. 525—Curt. :
_ Very much branched from the root. Leaves with nearly winged clefts. Mr. Woopwarp. Stem 1+ foot high, upright, tylindrical, woody at the base. Leaves with winged-clefts and sced, smooth, expanding, of a disagreeable scent. Cal. 2 the leaves almost upright; 2 bulging at the ends, bent back ; be-
ice YX, yellow, with claws. Style very short. Pods 1} inch >» round, marked with a prominent line on each side. Seeds egg-shaped, slightly compressed. Curt. Leaves, segments of those with winged clefts strap-shaped-oblong, expanding, toothed, and sometimes quite entire, the terminating one broader, spear- ped, indented. Sr. : Weare indebted to the accurate researches of Dr, Smith for
nds of the general fruit-stalks often swoln into a cauliflower-like
E " Substance, purplish, and containing small grubs of the same colour. 57.
Cows refuse it. Sheep and goats are not fond of it.
ne
‘monen’se.
So’ mee
sri T’rio.
_ TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. Etysimari)
rescuing this’plant from its former improper situation’ among the Brassice, and placing it = its congeners,’ ‘the mein oe Seg me ne nN. Brassica m
don; Bristol and Exeter. Hubs. London Br a e. Mr. Jox ONES.
Near Sunderland; arid about 'Tinmouth Castle, abundantly, Mr. Rosson Mayo~ —June.
S. Leaves between winged and toothed, somewhat bsg: t stalks smooth. See Brassica monensis :
) (3) Leaves compound or winged. Ss. — smaller than the cups: Jeaves doubly: eomipound:
sed, °
pie ‘73-#l., dan. 598-8 heldr.—Kniph. 6-Dod. 133. Quae Lobcobse 426. 1, and if+. ie 738. 2-Gersem: 1068—Park. 830.-3~Pets 46. 19-Fuchs. 2-F. Beis - 886. Bairhg 338-Ger. 910.1 and °—Lonic.
Pods long, stiff, and crooked. Seeds yellow. reli
Flix-weed Watercress Walls and among rubbish. A. July. -
S. a notched, toothed, naked: stem’ ‘smooth : pods
Pic. ites 329—Curt. 311—Park. 834. 4-H. ox. iii. 3. row 3. 3—Pet. 46,4-Col. HP 265.
. obe; tl shaped, with one or two teeth towards the base. Pods tongs Sag ae upright, but not pressed to the oe Fruit-statks shor tr, Woopwarp. Blossoms small, yello Wea naced Water-cress. Old Walls and 5 amongst rubbish. A. May. Aug-
ERY/SIMUM. Pod straight, strap-shaped, exactly A-sided: cal. closed: summit a knob. All the — of this plant are considerably acrid, and have a or singel The oi retain the seeds all winter, and small birds feed upon
en The plant has been sometimes prescribed in eee and dysene-
he seeds are ei to detroy worms a ep am and cows cat it. Horsesand goats arenot fond of it. Swine refuse it
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Erysimum. E. Pods pressed to the spike-stalk: leaves notched.
Curt. 326-E. bot. 735—Ludw. 187-F/. p ag 560-Weodv. \) »244-Sheldr.-Blackw. 28-Ger. 198. 1=Pét. 4602+Fuchs. 592~F. B. 863-Dod. 7 14—Ger. em. 254. 1-Trag. 102.1
* ~Zonic. i. 165. 1—Lob. adv. 69, and ic. i. 206. 1.
Stem exkiednes!, frequently purple, particularly at the angles of the branches. Branches very expanding. Pods roundish, noe awl-shaped, pressed so close to the spike-stalks as to appear naked. Mr, Woopw. Stem hairy, branched towards the top. Braveber ascending. Leaves slightly woolly, the lower winged, the upper halberd-shaped, Ca/yx about half as long as the petals. ia. ellow. Germen cylindrical, be fide up-
wards. Summit flat, witha shallow nick. Pod conical, scarce sensibly 4-cornered, hairy. Seeds oblong. Plesuer in long atin
spikes, termin lige Mu ard, or Wormseed. Bank Cresses. Scrambling Rocket, Under walls and hedges, road sides and among rabbishe . A. May, June.
E, Pods indistinctly 4-cornered: leaves lyre-shaped, the terminating segment circular B. bot. 443-F1. dan. 985- Wale —Ger. 188—Fuchs. 746- J. B. ii. 869-Trag. 101. 2—-Lonic. i. 165. 2-Dod. 712. 1 —Lob. obs. 104. 2, and ic. i. 207. 2-Ger. em. 243-Park. 820-H. OX iil. 5. 11 and 12—Pet. 46. 1-—Matth. 572.
; many sha ridges. Leaves half eibiatiie the stem, winged, she terminat- ing leafit egg-shaped, notched. Ca/. /eaves in the flowers not et expanded ea an 2 Fd Be larger, with a helmet-shaped ollow at the op. , slender, somewhat cylindrical,
slightly Steady not tend sensi iiely 4-edged. Blossoms yellow.
rinter Cresses. Winter Rocket. Rocket Wormseed. Walls,
banks on the sides of runnin cases Bap place
s, and times in piped fields. {Com n Devonsh. sa plentiful in Launceston Castle, Cornwall. — P. May. Oct.
Var, 4 “aes smaller, and more frequently este Ray. Pet, 46. a. ney Birr
% Secitgs pee Birds a ond of the seeds an goats eat iz Cows, horses, and swine tabs it, means of this herb a hoarseness, °ecasioned by loud speaking, was sow in 3 days, by Rondeletius ce >. Juice of Hedge Mustard is beyond any thing 3 in ulcers ra the throat.
This was found by experience by the Honourable Harry Gray, Esq. a ea all advice of Doctors and Surgeons availed nothing. This from
mouth. ’’—Manuscript note in a copy of Parkinson which for- mnerty belo belonged to Mr. Saunders, surgeon at Stourbridge. }
373
officina’le,
Barba’rea.
574
Allia’ria.
Py e-
cheiran-
thoi‘des
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA, Erysimumt,
Blossoms yellow If this = really an annual, as eal by Dillenios and Pe. tiver, it may: prove distinct, but plants which grow in situations 50 differents the sides of streams and the rubbish of an old Castle on an elevated mount, are. Sesessaily, liable to great variations. & A. Dut, Per. Apr.* E. Leaves heart-sliaped. © EY bot. 790—Ludw. 77+FI. dan. 935—Curt. 144—Kniph. 3a Woodv. b45- Wale. Paabe 104—F. B. ii. 883—Lonic. i. 160. 2-Trag. $6—Matth. 843~Ded. 686—Lob. obs. 285+ 3, and ic. 1.530. 1-Ger. em. 7)4—Park. 112. 5—H. 0x0 —
Stem cylindrical.” Leaves peat and iregularly serrated, alternate, on Sn stalks. Floqwers in a corym Nect. glands 4, lon tside of each pair of sage! nibs and I’ support- ing each of the short .stamens which grow in a cavity at the top of them.
ack-by-the-hedge. Sauce-alone. ve Wormseed. Hedgesy ditch bakes and shady places -P. May.t
E. Stem very much branched: leaves spear-shaped, : oblique, “waved and toothed : pods expanding. : | Facq. austr. 23—Kniph. 11-F/, dan. 923-Lob. obs. 112. 1, and ic, i. 225. 1-Ger. em. 273. 4-Park, 868. 3-
H. ox. iii, 5. 7—Pet. 45. 2-F. B. ii, 894. 1. Pods slightly expanding, or at a distance from, not near to the stem. Summits small, scarcely divided. Linn. Seeds oblongs
yellowish brown, intensely bit AY to 2 cubits
igh, r » stiff, straight, scored, sometimes a little branched. Leaves very entir roughish, the mid-rib ning down the Ser the sometimes a little toothed. Blosse
Ty ae Wormseed. Onis he ie at banks of the river neat Ely; Ashburne, Derbyshire ; and cornfields about Elden, Suf-
‘common people in Sweden use the leaves i - salads sary in
the spring, and ome in the autumn; they also boil them as Cale sown in gardens as an early aptigs sallad. cia Ne ty eres fa Bitgland, where it is called French’ Cress. Sr. Cows eat it. Horses aad swine
pore it. Goats and sheep aie not fond of it
eri Pee: <3 the leaves along eeieli Deis meats in the pa They are useful w th Lettuce and the colder sal The seeds exc
The Curculio Alliaria pre upon it. Linn.—When it grows in pouty yards the fowls eat it, and it gives an intolerable seo taste to their fesh- n Wales it is much used as a frying h erb,
Cn a a er mR ee reenact tnt eeesneennnerenenn — =
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. Hespetis.
folks [Vety common. amongst tumeps near Bungay, Suffolk. Wonow a2. —On Pullion Ballast Hills, near Sunderland, Dur- . Mr. WEIGHELL “ A. July.*
CHEIRAN'THUS. Germen ite a slain tooth on each side: calyx closed, 2 of its leafits bulging at the base: seeds flat.
C, Leaves spear-shaped, acute, smooth : branches angular: stem shrub-like.
— 12-Kaniph. 2-Ludw. 157-Wale.Ger. 371. Jie Fache. * 458-F. B. ii. 872-Trag. 500—Maith. 877—Dod. 160. 2- Lob. obs. 179.' 1, and ic. i. 330. 1=Ger. em. 456. 1-
_ Park. 625. 1-H. ox. iii. 8. 15—Pet, 45. 3. rs in. terminating bunches, yellow ; sometimes with
tust-coloured or dark blood-coloured blotches, hokey “ate Wild Cheir. Wall Gill; ons ome and 4 GAY»
S75
Chei’ri;
June.+
€. Leaves cottony, blunt, somewhat sidenieds those of sinua’tus, ckly.
ranches entire: pods pri Me Me 462-Lob. adv. 140, and ic: i. 330. 2- Gees emt. 460. 2—Ger. 374. 2-F. B. ii, 876.1. Whole plant cottony, hoary. Stem Pix us Reot-leaves
. broad, ‘spear-shaped, alternately toothed, blunt; stem-/eaves
“mi neta blunt, whitish at the base. Pods very long, cottony.
‘ ws BB me Gilliflower. Sandy sea shores of Caernarvon- shite lesea, and petite and on the rocks at Aberdovie, Meria RY i. B. June, July.
| AES’PERIS. Pigs turned Brees : glands _.
within the shorter stamens: calyx « closed : pod _ stiffand straight : summit forked at. the base, dor approaching at the top. . be Stem ct i upright: ‘leaves toothed : cane blunt.
$ Thedaastel mooth-sienthe 6d: to Asset worms, and.with toad pose, — Horses, one. Boas, aheeP» and swine eat it., i + It has fi found a plac ardens wyhaze'is has, preiupett's con- rable number of ‘Varieties, ey none which have a more delightful a tan the wild one. The Phalena meticilesa, and Shera feed upon
inodo’ra.
576
thalia’na.
. TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Arabis.
Jacq. austr. 347-E. bot. 731=F I. dan. 924 and 921-Rupfe
a. Hall. at p. 78-F. B. ii. 878. 2-Clus. i. 297. 14 Dad.
161. 1-Lob. obs. 175-1, and ic. i. 323. 2-Ger. em. 462. 1—Park. 1682. 8-H. ox. ilies 10. row led.
So like H. matronalis as to be scarcely Goveagailable but by
a very experienced botanist, but the leaves atly halberd-
shaped, with a transverse base, sharply fotfied, Paaphetally at the
base, softer, and not so rough Calyx not riba ured. Petals
ware without a point. Szamens not projecting beyond the tabe
of the flower. Linn. pps sshashiah 3 nd woolly on both sides,
with sharp ts Se serratures, spear-shaped, both broad and
narrow. Petals very en ais or slightly nicked, white, flesh-
a
lyx. Le “8 “x . tooth-serrated, painted, nearly sae I have emotes seen any halberd-s - Huns. Szem hairy. s hairy, irregularly tooth-serrated, either. sicing or on
albe
guia 4 “Teaf. stalks ; Not halberd-shaped. Picwer large, purplish in
end. Fruit-stalks expanding. p. pl. refers the fig.
Dod. 161 to the H. matronalis, and "that of Clus. i, 297. 1. to
H. inodora; — these igures; eing both i ‘npessajons from the same > bl oubt arises ther these 2. species are = y
fig. * oe and the Flora Scentless Damewort. Poser ar ea On the banks of the rivulets iecis Dalehead, Cumberland, and Grassmerey Westmoreland. Ray. [About Falmouth. B, Linn, and Huns. P. for 10 years. Jaco. May, June
NRABIS. Nectary, glands 4, within the leafits ‘of the calyx, resembling a reflected scale: pod long, compressed, strap-shaped, entire, and knobbed at the end.
A. Root-leaves spear-shaped, toothed, tapering into leaf-
stalks: stem-leaves very entire ; sitting. Curt.—Fl. dan. 1106—Pollich. ii. at p- 243-Pluk, 80. 2- ue B. il. 870. 2H, Ox. ili. — 48. Boyne 7D Root-leaves pane ina se on “a nd, hairy ; those of the stem nearly smooth. Flowers ssitcahien: Hatt. Stem
1 inch to more than a foot high. Leaves, hairs at the base sim-
ple, those on the edges and surface dividing i nto 2 2 and 3 forks.
Nectary glands so ere minute as scarcely to be discovered even
ith a Phage. Curt
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Arabis.
gelato -fod. Codded Mouse-ear. Walls, roofs, dry sandy tures [and cornfields. Sr. , On walls near eee : Shscticenshirc. Mr. Swayne. |
A. Leaves toothed, rough with hair; those of the root o tula-shaped, those of the stem half ee stem, oblong: pods 2- edged, pace Hup
ners mar. pl.—E. bet. 614-Cranta. i i. i. 3. 2.
Or 4y a the stem, bats coe rough with hair. Flowers w
ugh Turkey-pod. Arabis thaliana. Caw i. 39. Car. dening’s pumila Bellidis folio, alpina. R. Syn. . St. Arabis hic nid u. 837. Rocks and stony a situations. incent’s Rocks near Bristol, Ray. Hups, [in great plenty»
DB Broucuton and Mr. For D.] A.
A. Leaves embracing the stem: pods gain backwards, . flat, strap-shaped: cups somewhat wrinkled.
an austr. 11-E. bot. 178—Clus. ii. 126. 2-Ger. em. 272+
2—Park, 852. 2—Pet. 47. 1-H. ox. iii. 2. 23-Barr. 353.
Flowers straw-coloured, Linn. Glands as in Brassica. Marr.
_ Rut w Woody. nia te on leaf-stalks, egg-shaped, toothed,
3 ty a : nent, “ee nova compressed. Lyons. —_ 1 to es airy
NOt so SOgrey. Pods v very. oe smooth, strap-sh on short fruit- — merieing a End base and then npc
mS lege ower ettey sad, Old w alls end stony places. [On Tri- ar and St, John’s a Galleae Walls, Cambridge. Wooew ans ] A, May, June.
<
=a a, ; ‘Qe
stric’ta,
Turri’ta.
577
hirsu’ta.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA, Turritis.
TURRITIS. Pod very long, angular, stiff and straight : calye close, upright : d/oss. upright,
T. Root-leayes toothed, rough with hair; pagans = entire, embracing the stem, smoo
Curt. 253-Fl. dan. 809~E. bot. ects: ii. 126. Re F 40-220. 2=—Ger. em. 272. 1~Gere 212. 1—Park. $52. l= HA ox. iti. 2. 22—Pet. 47. 10.
Nectary glands none. Poutic#. Stem 2 to 3 feet high, sim- L end tighe y scored, smooth, Root-/eaves “peat
pits, and waste places, in a and Lewisham, Kent ; near Colehioetie, eSabiiee, war * Woopwarp. Lichfield, Mr. Wuarety. Castle Bromwich Mr. Jones. Between Ashbourne and Okeover. Sr. ~ In oe uarries above Bath, which is one of the habitats mentioned by ay for his Cardamine Bellidis folio. Mr. Swayne. St. Vin- cent’s Rocks, near Bristol, which, being another habitat of Mr. Ray’s plant, makes it probable that his Cardamine » our Tut- ritis glabra. ] A. May, June.
T. All the leaves hispid: stem-leaves embracing the stem.
Dicks. b. s.—E. bot. 587—Facq. ic. i-Wale.-C. B, pro 42? Park, 834. 6—Pet. 47. 12-H. OXs iii. Se 5—Fi, dan. 1040. Stem rough with hair, simple, not so tall as that of T. tae Rost-leaves egg-shaped, toothed ; stem-leaves spear-shaped, blunt, toothed, half” Agger si. the stem. Pods raga not so " nume- rous as in T. glabra. Woopwarp. Bless. white. Bunches omseating. Distinguishable from — thaliana ioe stem leaves embracing the stem. Sr. irsuta, SCOP. 1s nec corresponding with jinmeut *s character of the weve
Scop, Wicc#rs. Cress. Hairy Towerwort. Rocks, stony. walls and castles, and dry mountainous teat oi idhurst, Sussex ; Switham Bottom near Croydon bout Settles Yorkshire ; King’s Park, Edinburgh. eagreb;- Takenbas neat Norwich. Mr, Crowe. | Wisbech, Bu ury. crete St. Vincent’s Rock, plentifully. Dr, Brovcuon and Mr. Fo
nike Cliffs. Mr. Swayne, Baydales, Darlington gt Hor
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Brassica.
BRAS’SICA. Calyx upright, close: glands, 1 be- tween each shorter stamen and the pistil, and 1 between each pair of longer stamens and: the calyx: seeds globular.
B, Leaves heart-shaped, embracing the stem, smooth ; root-leaves rough, very entire: pods 4-corner Linn. All the leaves smooth.* Syst. Veg. PoLLicH,
Jacq. austr. 282-Kniph. Brassica campestris~F. B. ii. 835 4—Clus. ii. 127. 1—Dod. 626. 2—Lob, bs. R15; 3, and it: i, 3906. 2.—Ger. em, 536. 2—Park. 580. 0-H, OX. iii. Qe
19 and 20-Pet. 45. 5-Ger. 430. 2-F. B. ii. 835. 3. Petals white, Linx. Too nearly allied to the B. campestris. Huns. Stem-Jeaves egg-shaped, blunt at the end, heart-shaped at the base, smooth, sea-green, very entire. Petals white, with atinge of straw-colour. Fruit-stalks expanding. Pods 3 or & inches long, the lower abies wide, Specimen from Mr.
Curtis’s garden. Woopw
Brassica campestris perf frre albo. R. Syn. 293. Huds,
i. Brassica Turrita. Perfoliate Cabbage. C fields and cliffs on the sea pions on Harwich, and Bardsey near Orford, Suffolk. Ray. Cornfields near Godtione and Marsh. Sussex. Huns. A. June.
579
orienta’lis,
B, Root and stem slender: stem-leaves uniform, heart- campes ‘tris.
shaped, sitting.
Jacq. austr. 282, is referred to by Hudson, and F/. dan. 550, by Linnzus, but Jacquin considers his as a new species, which he calls B. austriaca, observing, that the angles at the base of the leaves are rounded, and not pointed, as in the fig. of the Fl. dan. He adds too, that the flowers are not in bunches as represented in that figure, but in broad-topped spikes, a few flowering at a time.Sr. Mr. Woodward suspects the reference to FJ. dan. observing, that Mr. Hudson does not cite it. (Ger. em. 536. 2, referred to by Hudson, is the same as C/us. ii, 127. ly which deh refers to B. orientalis. Ff. B. ii. 835. 4 is also B. orientalis.)
Reotleaves | lyre-shaped, somewhat rough with hairs; stem
veave Smooth, Blossoms has Linn. Reot-leaves oblong,
_ These contradictions render it probable that the a given in = Burj ues: 224 supposed he B. sventallg of Tourn, cor. an Mopiman species, are distinct, Dr. Sto
22 2.
Na’pus.
Ra’pa.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Brassica.
indented, blunt, rough. Flowers yellow or white. i
Flowers yellow in a garden specimen. Woopwarp. y places of growth given by Hadson are those from Ray, eid h really belong to B. orientalis, to which they are a referred, St. Hence it is probable that we have not both s and not unlikely that our plant may not accord well with either. 1 learn, — very lately, from Mr. Pitchford, that the B. campestris as found by the Rev. Mr. Sutton, of Norwich, at Bradley Orford, Suffolk, A. fs
B. The root a regular continuation of the stem; spindle- shaped.
~ Ludw. 165~-Blackw. 224—Wale.—Fuchs. 177-F. B. ii. 843,
= Trag. 730-Lonic. i, 191. 3-Lod, obs. 200. 2-Ger. em
235. Pack 865-Pet. 45. 9-H. ox. ili. 2. row 3.2. fr 3<Ger. 18). 200+"
’ Root-leaves lyre-shaped, smooth; stem-leaves sie dae
dBlorgy embracing the stem, a little toothed. Calyx expanding,
approaching to hae of Mog o Linn. Stem some wha branched,
Calyx yellowis green. (tatty a flatted knob. with fre- quently 3 or A wary excrescences, not occasioned wae by the bulk of'the inc’ . ere is a variety with the leaves
hairy at the edge. at yellow Wild Navew. — Nape . Rape Cabbage. On ditch banks, and among co B. May.*
B. The root a papes continuation of the stem ; round, depressed, fl Blackw. Sie em 728-Matth. 435—Dod. 675+ 1—Eob. obs. 98. 1, and ic. 197. 1—Ger. em. 232. 1-H. 0%: iii. 2. row 2. 1-Pet: 45.7-Ger. 177. 1-Ger. 177. 2 we rough, deeply indented, a prhow Bosse
Set Cabbage.
Var. 2. Roots oblong.
J. B. ii. 838—Matth, 436-Dod. 673. 2~Lob. obs. 98. 2, and ic. i, 197. 2—Ger. em. 232. 2-H. ox. iii. 2. row 3.2. f.} —Pet, 45. 8.
* The roots of the cultivated variety may be eaten like the Turnep, but they have a stronger taste, and its seeds, which are called Coleseed
afford a large quantity x il, called Rape Oil, What after the expressing of the oil is called Oil Cake, and is used for fattening © k $s roken to pieces, and st on the Jand as a manure i t to be a very efficacious one, and
from 41. to 61. per ton. About half a ton is laid onan acre. WoopwAs® Cows, goats, and swine eat it.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Brassica. Turneps. Kuelles. Cornfields, and borders of cornfields. B.A
B. The root a regular continuation“of the stem ; cylindri- cal, fleshy.
E. bot. 637—Pet. 45. 6. Stem-leaves very much waved, and sony Peieboers sea. sabe =
short, swelling. Mr. ‘Woopwarp. Seeds dusky purple.
Sea Colewort. Sea Cabbage. Bice Cabbage. Cliffs on the ‘sea coast. ied r Cliffs. —Near Harleck Cast. Me- rionethshire zance, and Gee r places in Cornwall. Huns. [tientnty on i the Sea Cl liffs at Staiths, Yorkshire, Mr,
B. Leaves wing-cleft, rings cut serrated: stem nearly naked, trailing. Hup
Lightf.15. 1, at p- saith 46. 7—Dill. eith. 111.135, has
- wing-cleft leaves, the segments very entire. It accords
best with the Linn. char. and ity I suspect, a distinct
* The roots are ae eaten oi boiled, or roasted.. Pepper is com. monly used with them. ‘They relax the bowels, and are supposed to sweeten the blood. They are hartal to pregnant or hysterical women,
g ee use of Turneps is in feeding oxen and 4 inter. : * “rete in fhe mee the sea oe is preferred before the ns Sago 3 but, w hered on the sea coast, it must be
Use at our tables. The ed cabbage is chiefly used for pickling. In Some countries they bu che white cabbage when full grown in the au~ ti and thus preser ve it all winter. The G
there they soo n ferment, and are then eaten under the name of Sour The cahhiga, whilst’ young, is food for the tant i a saltatoria, ards for the Papilio re The former may be kept 0: strewing the ground with soo 3 and it is said the sity wil ag bona
hv 9 of flie orse eat the leayes, but did not seem fond of them. a: WS grow th ¢ anon them.
olera’cea.
monen‘sis,
582
arven’sis.
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Sinapis.
plant from that of Lightf. and Pet. It corresponds exe actly with some of my specimens of B. muralis. Sr.
Very much accords with S, murale in the size of the plant, Yéaves, flowers, and fruit. Root perennial. Leaves with almost winged clefts, being divided more than half way to the mid-rib, strap-shaped, beset with a few hairs; wings remote, bluntish, mostly 7. Sta/ks upright, smooth, Ca/. closed. Petals yel- low, entire. Linn. Stems smooth, reclining, from the centre of the leaves; 10 or 12 inches long, with commonly one Jeaf to. wards the base. Root-Jeaves with generally a few scattered hairs, especially about their leaf-stalks ; «wings 5 or 6 pair, oval, pointed, deeply indented, some alternate, some opposite, increas- ing in size towards the end, the terminating one larger, with 3
SINA’PIS, Cul. expanding : 4/oss. claws upright:
glands between the shorter stamens and the pistil, and between the longer stamens and the calyx: pod beaked, opening; valves shorter than the partition, S. Pods with many angles, swoln and bunched out by the seeds: smooth, longer than the 2-edged beak. ‘Curt. 321-Fl, dan. 753-Fuchs, 257-F. B. ii. 844—Dode 675. 1-Ger. em, 233. 2-Ger. 199-Lob. obs. 99. 1, and 2. ig 198. 2—Park. 862. 3-H. ox. iii. 3.7—Pet, 452 12
Seeds brown.
* The different species afford nourishment to the Papilio Brassitds Rapa, and Napi; Phalena fuliginosa; Aphis Brassice; and Chrysomela Hyoscyami, :
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Sinapis. 585
Chadlock. Wild Mustard, or Charlock. Corn Cale, Corn. fields, and borders of cornfields. A. May.*
Mr. Pirrt, in his Staffordshire Reports, observes that cbs name Charlock, or as it is more commonly pronounced in the midland counties, Kedlock, is not confined to one plant only, but is indiscriminately app lied sd Sinapis nigra, Brassica Napus, Sinapis arvensis, and Raphanus Raphanistrum, as one or other of these abound more or less in diferent places,
S, Pods rough with hair: beak very long, slanting, sword- al’ba. shaped.
Curt. 322-—Blackw. 29-Ger.em. 244. 4—Pet. 45. 10-Fuchs. 538-F. B. ii. 856-Trag. 101. 1—Lonic. i. 164. 2-Marth, 563-—Dod. 707. 1-Lob. obs. 100. 2, and ic. i. 203. 16 Ger. em. 244. 2-H. ox. iii. 3, row 1. 2.
Bunches and Pow stalks scored. Peds with 3 knots, some- what keeled ; hairs expanding ; beak keeled, even as far as the last joint, Linn. shjeter rough, all deeply indented or lobed, and frequently.with a pair of small wings on pr leaf-stalk. Pods bunched we bia seeds ; beak scored, dark _ Wit few hairs. Mr. Woopw.—Stem mm Strong, hand. nearly yatta pay set oh song b hairs pointing downwards. Leaves
be Mustard. Cornfields and road sides, A. Aug. +
S. Pods smooth, laid flat to the spike-stalk. nigra, é Woodv. 151~Blackw. 446-F, RB. il. 855.
Stem very much branched ; branches distant, expanding, Root-leaves. son we sacioaliine smooth. Pads x Sg parallel Retyan. oo colindeieals marie 3 upper nai ota pele
upper frequently simple, spear-shaped, sharply toothed. Pods slightly bag bea ,, smooth,” Frits short. Mr. Woopw.
Cups yellow, ied pone yello
* The Scandinavians boil — eat it as pared and in Ireland the - = are collected for the same purpose.—Cow goats, and swine
po —_ = put are very fond of se? diac generally pir fa
bl tis sown in the-winter, and early in the spring, to pee our ta- es rie sallading. The seeds haye iesily the same properties as those of the next species,
Raphanis’- trum,
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA. Raphanus.
Common Mustard. Cornfields, ditch banks, road ree ae banks of the Severn. St.] A. June. RAPH’ANUS. Cal. close, upright : nect. glands 2
tween the shorter stamens and the pistil, and 2 between the longer stamens and the calyx: pod round, but protuberating, with cells, and nearly jointed.
R. Pods round, jointed, smooth, of 1 cell, Lun. originally of 2 cells, lut, as the seeds increase in s ize, the parti- tion becomes obliterated. HA.
Curt. 267-E. bot. 856—Linn. amen. acad. vi. at p. 451-
FI, dan. 67 8-~F. B. ii. 851. 1-Ger. 179, 2-Lab. ie. a 199, 1-Ger. 240. 1—Pet. 46. 10-Ger. 199-Park. 863. 4 ~H. ox. iii. 13. 1 and 2-Park, 863. 5-H. ox. iii. 13;
row 254. fo 4e Stem rough with transparent hairs pointing backwards. Leaves sometimes rough with hairs ; the /ower lyre-sha mee alter-
r lyre-shaped, _ nate, heart-oblong, serrated, the lowermost very small, the odd on
on 3 pe with purplish waite: Curt.—Plant ae a a sea-green cast. Petals of whatever colour, veined with dark
_ * The seeds, reduced 2 powder make. the common dso much in request at our tables. They yield a pose ES quantity of expressed oil, which pattakes but little of the acrimony of the plant.
a crumb o negar, and powdered mustard seed, are very com- monly wd ote to he son of the feet, as stimulants, in fevers that fig such treatment; they are used 3 vantage, topically applied, in ed rheumatic and sciatic ains. U he whole, wherever we want a strong oa that acts upon the nervous goer without exciting much heat, e know none preferable to Its acrimony consists in alt sitential otl,—The Phaléda. Fuliginosa Lived upon the different species.
MONADELPHIA.,
oa Mr. Woopwarp. Bless. yellow and straw-coloured, and whi _ White-flowered Charlock. Wild Radish, Amongst corn. A. Fame July.*
CLASS XVI. MONADELPHIA.
TRIANDRIA. JUNIPERUS. M. and fem. Rawers on different plants. M. Cal. a catkin : Biloss. no F, Cal, with 3 divisions : Bloss 3 petals: Styles 3: Berry beneath ; 3-seeded ; the cup at the base.
| DECANDRIA. ; GERANIUM. Pistil 1: Common. Receptacle beaked: Caps. 5 dry berries; with a long beak; twisting. [Spartium. Genista. Anthyilis, Ulex. Ononis, Oxalis. |
~POLYANDRIA. (1) Pistid 1. TAX’US, Male and ie ewes on different plants: Cai, 4-leaved: Bloss. n
_ M. Anthers 8-cleft. as Summit 1: ‘Berry 1-seeded : Seed naked at the end.
(2) Pistils 2.
PYNUS. Bloss. M. and fem. flowers on the same plant : Bloss. none. M. Cal. 4-leaved
F. a cone-like Cathkin: Nuts 2; with a membrana-
ceous Ww * In ws in great quantity amongst the barley, in Sweden, and Se se ge who eat barley bread, are afflicted with violent = parse a age ts int se provinces and i in those seasons
wher this plant abounds. Amen. acad. vi. 430.—Horses eat it. Cows
585
556" MONADELPHIA. TRIANDRIA. Juniperus.
(3) Pistils many. picherdaceys Outer Cup 3-cleft : Seed-coats in whirls eed in
PN ay es é leayeas. Secd-coats several ; in whirls 3 1 seed in ALTHA’A. Outer cos - ae : Seed-coats several ; in
whirls; 1 seed in each
TRIANDRIA.
JUNIPERUS. Male and female flowers distinct. Male. Cal. a scale of the catkin: -Bloss, nope. Fem. Cal. with 3 divisions : petals 3: pistils 3:
drupa juicy, closed, 1-celled, many-seeded ; with 3 tubercles formerly the ca yx.
communis, J, Leaves 3 together, expanding; sharp-pointed ; longer than shechesty: :
Fl, Ross.1. 54—F1. dan. 1119—Ludaw. 189-Mill. ill.-Blackwe 187—-Sheldr. 70-Wagdw. 95—Kuiph. 1~Gars. 88-Tourne 361. 2-Maith. 121-Ger, 1189. 1~Fuchs, 88-F. B. i. be 293-Trag. 1074—Lonic. i. 24—Cam. epit. 53—Dad. 852- Lob. obs. 628. 25 and ic. li, 222. 2—Ger. ems. 1372 I= Park. 1029. 1. Anthers under the lateral scales often 5, Leers. Ber. tinuing 2 years; green, at —— blackish purple. Rexx, ” park reddish. Berries bluish b uniper Tree. eer [Near Eee ce Hertford-. shire, and abundantly on a commo lenheim and Ditchley, Oxfordshire. Mr. Weccaraaee ae heaths, ‘west of Bis me s Aukland, Mr. Rosson.] S. May.*
ndy ie oe ,or e: moist and close w nthe oie of hills 8 ack oom long ; ” put on the oot of rocky mountains an is little ter tha: he -—** A grea of it grows by the side of t road, between the General’s Hut and Inverness, f neighbouring hills are almost covered with it: a ship load of the berries used annually sent from hence to > Garnett’s Tour.—It 1s easily transplanted, and it bears cropping rass will not grow bene i ena pratensis destroys it.—-The wood i ble.
The bark may be made into ropes.’ ‘The berries are 2 years in ripening: hen bruised they afford a pleasant diuretic liquor, but it_is not easy t0 prevent
‘
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Glatt
Var, 2. Pv Leaves tage and thicker, Berries longer, more oval than spherical... Lig Fo Be ic b, 302% a i. es 2-Ger. em. 137263; On the summit of Snowdon, and the mountains of Westmore- land. On Kendal Fell, R. Syz, [About 200 yards south west of Llyn y Cwn, Caernarvonshire, Me. GairFita. )
DECANDRIA,
: GERA’NIUM., Cal. with 5 divisions : bloss. 5 pe-
tals ; pst. 1: summits 5, common receptacle beaked: seeds 5, with a very long twisted tail,
(2) Blossoms regular ; fruit-stalks 1 flowered, G. Leaves circular, with 5 or 7 divisions: segments 3- cleft: fruit-stalks with a joint; stem trailing, Fi. dan. 1107—E, bot. 272-Kniph. 7—Wale.—Clus. ii. 102, 1— Lob.i ic. i. 660, 1-Ger.em. 945. 2—Pet. 64. 9-Fuchs. 209 FJ. B. iii. 478, Q-Lonic. i, 152, 2—-Trag. 348~Park, par. 227. 6, Stem hairy, from a foot to a cubit high. oe were songs hairy underneath and on the edge. Frait-stalks » longs ty, with a knot and 2 floral-leaves about 1 middle. Bsimnn Calyx leaves oval, with membranaceous edges, and ter- minated by a short red awn. Petals inversely egret, very targe, ae pale red, with deep red veins. Mr, Woopw xo.
Te
WaRD. St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol. On the left side
the | wake sae ian chetresbana: to giana ‘ faye from the former place. ] y- Sept.
H teed but it is fitter fora medicine shi t food. The spirit ii
Pregnated with the essential oi] of th is every where j h f Gin, uniper water. T ries sometim in une the leaves of the cup grow double the usual size; ap- saiengs but losing ; the 3 petals fit exactly close, so as t cep the air from the Tipule Funiperi, which inhabit them.—Gum San- darach, nly called Pounce, is of this tree. Horses, s y and goats eat it. Cimex juniperinus, Thirps ict and
Coce a 9- = Senbetice ‘ed upon it
sanguin’eum,
}
Lancastri- en’se .
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium.
Var. 2, eaves larger, paler, and more deeply divided. Ray. x ete 64, 10,
Banks of the Devil’s Ditch. Ray, Retuan, and the left side of Dallingham Gap going from Canvass-hall. Ray
G. Leaves circular, with 5 or 7 divisions; segments 3- cleft : fruit-stalks with a joint : stem upr ight.
Dill. elth. 136. 1638—Pet. 64. 11.
rs white, with reddish veins. Ray. Leaves smaller and more re haly divided than in G. sanguineum; the flowers
smaller ; it ‘grows upright, whilst the G, Be creeps upon the ground. Mr. Arxinson. G. sazguineum @ Linn. y Huns. G. hzmatodes Tancastriens, flore eleganter striato, Dill. Ray ; who remarks that it does not change when cultivated, that it is 2 smaller nti more bumble dae than the G. a
le af W fal Ls Lani _— the bank in a sandy soil. 3] 3 P.
y, Aug.
(2) Petals aoe = sania 3; fruit-stalks 2-flowered. ENNIAL.
pyrena'icum.
G. Petals 2-lobed: leaves circular, lower ones with 5; upper with 3 lobes; lobes blunt, 3-cleft. Cprt. eo bet. 405—Ger. the 1679,
longer than the leaves. Floral-leaves pointed, 4 to a9 fruit-
ba mi which are rather silky than hairy, the hairs ying close. M. AFZELI Mo. mney Cranesbill. Meadows and pastures. On the banks of the river between Bingley and Keighley, Yorsk, near Enfield, about Brompton, Chelsea, andin thedry part of the pasturage in Battersea Fields, [Near Oxford. Mr. Woopwarp,]
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium. 589
Var 2. Blossoms white. — P. June, July. In Chelsea garden, growing as a weed. Curr.
G. Stem 4-cornered, upright: leaves 5 or 3-lobed, toothed, nodo’sum, rough above, glossy underneath : petals scored, . notched.
Clus. ii, 101. 1-Ger. em. 947. 2—Park. 703. Q-F. B. iii,
478. 1—Pet. 65. 4-H. ox, v. 16. 22-Clus. ii. 101. 2. Stems ian more compressed than in G. striatum. Petals flesh-coloured, with 3 p ee scores, running half way to the
rated upwards, wit ) stron aoe parallel ae and with a few short stiff hairs aime, from glands ths @ and Poser scales alike, small, ted. Fruit-stalks s al, leaves awned, smooth. Petals cee scolloped ; scilleing blunt, regular, Mr. Woop Knotty "Cranesbill. Mountainous situations in Cumberland. Ray. [Mr. Woopw. ] P, July, Aug
G. Stem upright; leaves 5-lobed, cut-serrated: petals en- sylvat'icum. tire, or only slightly notched. E. ‘bot. 121—Rose 1, at p. 472, G. palustre-F]. dan. 124~ Cam. epit. 602—Park. 705. 5-H. ox. V. 16. 25. Panicle forked, cri level. Pedicles much longer than the Tnvolucrum. Calyx x awned. As soon as of eo: is over it
time a flowers. Floral-leaves swt » small. Calyx and Prt -cdalls very hairy. Petals large. 00
D. irs on the flowering stems, edges of the cre, and
X, ending in small globules. etic segments ter-
1 the caly minating in ‘stall fleshy glands; the upper sitting. Ca/yxes ribbed, membranaceous at the edge, ending in s Eran. Petals purple, slightly notched at the end, a little woolly at the ba eranium batrachoides tieram:. Gax, em. 942. St.) Wood Cranesbill, Mountainous thickets and pastures in Westmoreland,
umberland, and Yorkshire, and sides of rivers in rocky and + places, [Holt Wood in Leziate, neat Lynn. Norfolk.
Rowe, About Aysgarth Force, Wenslydale. Mr. Woop. et Conniston, Lancash. and elsewhere in the North. Woopw,
soe MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium.
Corby Castle, Cumberland. Sr. Very common in moist shady laces in most parts of the county of Durham, and the petals are
P ’ frequently found entire as slightly notched, nor are the oe.
target-shaped as pees by Linnaeus. Mr. pean Hal
es Owen, Shropshire. | P. June, aly. Var. 2. Dwarf, veh very large flowers. LigHTFooT. Scotland.
(3) Petals notched or cloven; fruit-stalks 2-flowered. ANNUAL.
dissec’tum. G, Fruit-stalks shorter than the leaves: leaves 5-lobed, obes 3-cleft or teeny th petals notched, kocds coats with soft *
Curt.—E. bot. peach oe 936—Vaill. 15. 2Plot. oxf. 9
4. at p. 146-Pet. 64. 6, and 7—Fuchs. 207-7: By iti,
474. 1—Blachw. 58, 2. _ Leaves divided down to the leaf-stalk into 5, and these again into 3, segments strap- Piviiey usually entire, but the middle one sometimes sub-divided. Fruit-stalks very short. Flower- scales minute. Mr. Woopwarp. Calyx leaves 3-ribbed. Seed- — beast with glandular hairs Mr. Hotiergar. Stem hairs ing downw uae Calyx hairs viscid. Curt. Calyx awned. er
s blue, agged Cranesbill. Road sides; borders of fields, ditch banks. Hedges about Marston and Botley Ca ily pe next Ox- ford. Pror. Woods near Marston, Oxfordshire, Ray
A. May—Auge
. columbi- G. Fruit-stalks longer than the leaves: leaves 5-lobed, um lobes many-cleft: calyx 5-sided: seed coats smooth. Aiton Hort, Kew.
B — Rei 15.4~Pet. 64. 8.
ying. Woopw. Svem hairy ; Aairs laid ats r. ft: Ros Leaves a little hairy on both surfaces. Calyx somewhat haity skinny at the edges, terminated by short awns reddish at the ey Petals marked with 3 lines; the little tooth between the lobes = — pointed, reddish blue. Stamens with 10 green glands at e Se ong-stalked Cranesbill, Cornfields, pee and hedge: [Hey don, Norfolk, Mr. Bryant. St. Vincent’s Rocks. na barren gravelly soil near the entrance upon Barr bette from Bir- g A, June—Aug-
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geraniunté
591
= — kidney-shaped, 7: or’ 5- iotabie lebes. wadge- pha liu
haped, 3-cleft, bluntish: calyx awnl ess? seed-coat bat (Cavanill, diss. t. 82. fo 14) on Gmelin’ s isohunt 2 This plant seems to have been sopiper ried sometimes with the molle, and sometimes with the rotundifolium, It differs from the former in its payer Belge hairy and not pins from the latter in its awnless calyx and its notched petals,
have no doubt but it is the G. pusi//um of Linneus, Rs been in Ray 16. 2. (a) and (6); though that being a dwarf or
starved specimen has occasioned an improper trivial name to be applied to the species, and which, if continued, would infallibly
occasion a repetiti ion of the se doubts and “aiculee which °
have hitherto attended the su Lam indebted to Mr. oe for a full grown specimen of
this plant, as wellas for the following description of it.
root throws out many cylindrical much ‘branched stems,
banc age & pare Calyx ag Sorting. Petals in- versely heart-shaped, bluish purple, notched; claws upright, the length of the calyx. Stamens distinct at the base, 5
With and 5 without anthers. nigel even, ss with short bristles pointing upwards. Seeds smooth. bs. Varies with leaves alternate towards the tops of ‘ay nim branches, and with 3 or sometimes 4 flowers on a fruit-stalk. Mr, Rosson. ae malvefolium, Scor. but excluding his parent to Vail-
{ Hedges, and — ee as common ato Darlington as the = molle, Mir. Ronson. }
tr. 1. pusillum i Ten tem sean: leaves kidney-
shined fingered ; lobes s strap pass acu
E. bot. 385—Vaill. Ls I—Ray Syz. 16. 2 4, b,
About 2 or 3 inches hi igh. Leaves small, Bios. bluish, eer
4mall, j Ze equal. Found in situations by no mean whence it cannot be thought merely a variety of the G. rendfli Dita. i R, Syn. Resembling the G. rotund: fo- tum but smaller, Lobes of the leaves acute, not blunt, Petals dloven, blue. Gabe awnless. Linn. Stem and branches co- Vered with a very short down; extremely soft and velvet-like
592
mol’Je.
phee’um.
‘-MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium.
when drawn through the nepeske Leaves opposite. Fruit-stalks
alternate, pore Woopwar High di h banks. At lw Layton, early in spring, Ditt.
G. Fruit-stalks and floral-leaves alternate: petals cloven: calyx awnless: stem somewhat upright.
Cart. 141—E. bot. e 8—F/. dan. 679-Vaill. 15. 3—Pet. 64. 2.
Pedicles declining. Flower-scales cloven. Calyx scarcely awned, shorter shai the blossom. Petals s slightly cloven, with. out a tooth between the lobes. cn. Stem hairy, hairs ex-
anding. Mr. Rosson. Trailing when growing alone, upright when amongst grass or other plants. Bloss, sometimes almost as large as those of G. pyrenaicum. Curt. Root-leaves kidney- shaped, with a circular outline, with 7 lobed, lobes with 3 clefts ; the upper more distinctly kidney-shaped, and more finely divided. In the above it agrees with G. rotundifolium, but differs in the stem and branches being cloathed with long soft hairs expanding horizontally. Woopw. Flowers purplish red ; sometimes white. R !
folium they are dotted. In the G. rotundifolium the petals are entire, but cloven i oe G. meters M. Arzextus. Stem-leaves 5-lobed ; lobes wedge-shaped, blunt. Fruit-sta/ks opposite the pe Glands 5y on ‘il outside of the afithés-bearin g filaments,
en. oe Soft Cranesbill. Deovifits Diy banks, cornfields, rere and pastures, in a sandy soil. A. April te
(4) Petals entire; fruit-stalks Se usiserar PERENNIAL.
G. Fruit-stalks solitary, 2-flowered, opposite the ote a
c sca somewhat awned: stem upright: petals
, E, a 322—F7/. dam. dpe 5-Wale.—Clus. ii. 99. l~ Ger. em. 942. s-Park. 704. 3
egg-shaped but angular, blackish purple, shining; c/aws white, marked with 5 lines, and woolly. Fi/aments purple, broad and woolly at the base, slightly united by means of 5 green glandular —— placed on the outside of them ; after flowering orig twards. Axthers whitish, the seams marked with a purple line
|
' MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium. nee greenish yellow. Germen woolly. Style teen, shorter t
G, ones me cae central ; leaves with many divisions, rinkled: lobes with winged clefts, acute: petals itive: Curt. 250-E. bot. 404.—Kuiph, 5—Matth. eee ii, 100. 1~Dod. 63. 2—Lob. obs. 376. 35 and ic. i. 659. 2-Ger. em. 943, 1-Pet.05. 7-Walc.-Ger. 797. 2-Fuchs. 208-F. B. saci a Ox: Ve poke 4.
Petals blue, rounded. at the end, not nic “d. ty e longer than the stamens, Begins to flower when - ylvaticum is going out. Linn, Stem 2 to 3 feet high. Lrigis with 7 to 5 divi-
sions ; ‘e ments lobed, sepia toothed, hairy, with strong ribs underneath ; those of the upper leaves almost strap-shaped. stalks ‘long veeraie parr 4, spear-shaped, pointed. fe ce
terminated by spit-point s, thick set with fine white hairs tipt by ieier” globules... Petals inversely egg-shaped, with so to 9
tS 3 CS 6 whitish gars and a little hairy at the base. Filaments very broad, and somewhat concave at the base. Anthers nee a Pél- len yellow. ~
-rowfoot Cranesbill, Moistish meadows and pastures 7 P. June, July.
praten’se.
G, Stem trailing : leaves heart-egg-shaped, sees cut, marit'imum,
rough : fruit-stalks 1 to 3-flowered: stam -Ditks A, s—-E. bot. 646. ~Plak. Ke 4 ries 65. a OX. Vo 35. row 3. f. 2,
Umbel often leafy. Petals entire, ofith wanting, Fru talks with often 2 flowers. Linn. Stems branched, lying aves tothe g §round. —Root-/eaves on long fruit-stalks, spreading ina nearly I the ground, ath variously cut and jagged, oe
an vee Flowers. 1 3» stnall. Beaks very small, not ated ° Til, Rr
\
594 - » MONADELPHIA, DECANDRIA, Geranium.
half an inch ‘a length. Woopwarp. esta talks much
_— than the leaves, Fruit-stalks compressed. Filaments
speat-shaped, eras purple. Summits prectih yellow. Blass. le red.
= Erodium maritimum. KE. bot. Sea Cranesbill, Sandy ” shores,..common. [Acle, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. Rocks a
Portawen, Comiwa - Mr. Warr. Sandy commons between En.
ville and Bewdley, ‘Worcestershire, always in a’ South aspects
eigh Down, near Bristol. Mr. Swayne. Sea
coast Teignmouth, with flowers from 2 to 4. on each sities J
ne—Octs
(5) Petals entire: fruit-stalks 2 aevered ANNUAL.
tu’cidum. G, Calyx pyramidal, the angles raised and wrinkled: leaves roundish, 5-lobed. Fl. dan. 218-E, bot. 75—Kniph. 11-Thal. hI B, iii. 481 Park. 707. §-Wale—Pet, 64. 12-H. ox. Ve 15. 6. : Stems shining, yet slightly hairy. Leaves the same, kid- ney-shaped, with mostly 5 lobes : lobes with 3 lobes, the mile one with usually 3 scollops, the side ones entire ; in rocky s tions only half an inch broad, and not so much divided. Pedicle straddling. Teasers des very minute. Mr. oo.
coat with sever ribs , hairy at the top. F, éct. Whole plant often assuming a dark purplish Fd colour. like the G. — Stem branched. Cal x not quite equal, Petals rose
Shining Cries sbi ll, Walls, Ps sec places, dry banks;
and shady places, in a sandy soil, [and frequently — corn
' ona — soil, and in expoved situations, as near Stamford; Bury, Suffolk; common in the North. Mr. Weenwaste
Abundant about the entrance of Peak’s Hole, pha bats
Ais June ug
rotundifo’- G, Petals entire, as long as the calyx: stem
lium, leaves kidney-shaped, cut: seed-coat even, _ seeds reticulated. E. bot.
E, bot. 157—Pet. 64, 4. and 3—Fuchs, 205—F. B. iii. 473°
Ger. 793-Wale.~Matth. 855—Dod. 61. 2—Lob. obs. 375+
2, and ic. i, 658. 1-Ger. em, 938—Park. 706. 2~Pet. 64)
1-H. ox. ve es 2.
Stem cylindrical, downy, clammy. Leavth ‘ wanes hi see somewhat clammy, especially underneath, — lobed, with a red point in the hollows, cate TN reddish
brown. Cah x awned, wrinkled, open,
wrinkles, Patals wedge-shaped, very fig with 3 reddish
MONADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. Geranium.
brown scores at the base, the under surface not lying pee, on raised from the calyx. Anthers yellow. Linn. Stpule - shaped floral-leaves always of a ded eep red. Mr. Wosinen nts Stem velvety. Mr. Rons son. Seeds dotted ; Petals entire. These ish G
circumstances at once distin it fro e ec. M. Arzettus. Floaers purplish flesh spon bee ¢ ari es W white: » Round-leaved Cranesbill. Walls, » ditch banks, and
sandy pastures, about Bath, Bristol, Macey Wandsworth, Mortlake, and Kew. | [Suffolk, common. Mr. Woopwaro. St. Vincent’s rocks, Bristol. ] A. May—July. mbinum, malvefolium, nalti, and oP pow ea whose distinctions have occasioned much trouble, may be clearly y attending t G, ea. Its awned calyx distinicsiahes it from de molle and — zefolium, and its notched petals from the rotundifoliu 1 meefige Its awnlens eulgesheieguishes! it from the columbinum, iry se pos coat from the molle, and its notched petals from ey torn foli —*molle, Its ] aly hes it from the columbinum, its : hairless and wrin pe fe coat from the nt alent: and its notched —_ — mip pes ans —~rotundi se tted seeds distinguish it from e other i _ Shonla any further distinctions be necessary conisult. an inge- $ paper in Gent. Mag. p. 487, for the year 1797.
G. — by vir or by threes, lobes wing-cleft; calyx with 10 angles. pra Gea wel Bake 480-Lonic. i. 152, 1-F. da
939, and 945. 5—Park. 710. S-—H. OX. Ve 15< 11=Pet. 65. 5—Fuchs. 206—Trag. 108-F. B. iti. 480-Matth. 858. |
~ Calyx ae, the 10 angles fo s formed by the Ist and 3d iia
leaves being each folded into 3 keel-like angles, the a and jth
1, int ae 4th into 2. Petals Cos Scent ra
lant sometimes red. Linn. Leafs of the ‘pier leaves
those of the upper confluent. Frwit-stalks very long.
ce) phase Whole plant beset with
with wi clefts ; segments eect: ie : Tit sharp th orn. Stems eg with red at the joints. ce he —, more evident as the seeds ripen. Petals,
oe, “ sometimes w.
RE?
- 694—) Dod. 62-Lob. obs. 375. 1, and ic. i. 657. 2-Ger. em.
595
%
robertia’« num,
moscha'tum.
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium.
Herb Robert. Stockbill, Roberts Cranesbill. Walls, betes rubbish, and stony places. A. April, Aug.
Var. 2. White flowered.
{Road ‘ea Lichfield to Stafford, a little beyond the 4th mile stone, plentifully. Mr. Savinte. Den of Portend, near he Loch of Monteith. Mr. Brown. Near Exeter. Mr. Martyn
ne] Var. 3. shining. Whole oa sane: Leaves smaller and more deeply divided. Woop Pet. 65. 5. a a Saie Near Swanning, Dortsetshire. Shore of Selsey Island.
(6) Fruit-stalks many-flowered: leaves winged. G. Flowers in umbels: leafits mostly on short leaf-stalks, unequally cut Riv. pent. 112. G. mosch.—Facq. hort. i. 55-Blackw. 150- Maith. 856—Dod. 63. 1-Lob. obs. 376.1, and ic. i. 658. 2-Ger. em. 941—Park. 709. 1—Pet. 65. 2-H, ox. Ve 15. 10-Ger. 7 96-Trag. 347. Very like the G. cicutarium; of an ambrosial scent. Ln INNe ole plant more — than G. cicutarium ; hairs a, fe
$ vine clefts. Woopwarp. Who le plant co. Stems swoln and crooked at the joints. coite opposite and alternate, the
unequal, ribbed, ending in spit-points. Pera/s with 3 fibres. Seed-coat with veel ai hairs. B/oss. red or purple. nea 5 on the Spo ~ the anther-bearing fil
eicuta’rium. G, oi in umbels : leafits: sitting, wing-cleft, blunt : ntir
petals
Curt.—Fl. dan. ORG Kaisa: 11—Fuchs. 204-F. B. iii. 479- Dod. 64. 1-Lob. ic. 659. 1-Ger. em. 945. 3—Pet. 65. 3- H. ox. v. 15. 9-Ger. 800. 3, and 4—Cam, epit: 601-Riv- irr, pent. G. robertianum, —
MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Geranium.
The us appearances of this plant 2 pe seasons and in diferent ith and its resemblance in m Saperts to starved specimens of the G. moschatum, have aceaee 1 many errors. The spots on the petals are not to be trusted, ne ter are the in-
cisions of the leafits.. The musk odour of the G. moschatum, is the most obvious distinction. In the G. ireiee ie the leafits
sufficiently obvious, and in the larger specimens the edges of the ae are little more than serrated. Flowers rose red. emlock-leaved Cranesbill, Cornfields, road sides, ditch’ ig walls, rubbish, in a sandy soil. [Near the shore at _ Teignmouth. ] A. April—Oct. Vi ar. 2. egayecn Leafits with winged clefts, segments te Sys
ceding. Lirtle wings oth stra fs z sody heaths and cornfield =f iy ie sas Ae D ak x t. aha wb Bt ie a Pancd spec so does Mr. R » but we are not yet in possession Bs a ark oT ge sci to establish it as such. Ray refers us to Rivinu ntap, icon. G. Seip aes: for a figure of sie nellefolig but that fi $ a representation of G, B sitstin in
its largest and probably coeyuel state.
a in this and in the preceding there are 5) Seep a a = 40ur on the sige the base of the anther-bearing fil ware larger. Bloss. white. S ‘ep rane. doce: not 80 ean ely cu » Ray. Leaves eer with white hairs, possibly the effect of these air. Mr. Woopwarp.
ear Camberwell. Ray. Sea eA ee ear Weems, Fifeshire..
- “Licure [On Yarmouth ‘Denes very plentifully, and elsewhere within 1 the Sitti of a iles from the sea. Mr. Woopw. St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bris oa i"
mong the pote aang instances of obvious providenas design and contrivance, i in the structure of the seeds and seed-vessels lants, few
Shia in the seeds o Geranium cicutarium, moschatwm, and, perhaps, in
other species of rah a The seeds of this genus surround se pis
*
597°
598
MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Althza.
\
POLYANDRIA.
ALTH/H’A. Calyx double, outer 9- ete capil many, 1 seed in each.
officinalis. A. Leaves undivided, angular, cottony,
Kuiph. 6-Ludw. 1-E. bot. 147-Woodv. 53-Fl. dan. 530 Blackw. 90-Park, 304. 1-Fuchs. 15-Trags 371-F. Be il, ee ies i, 157. 1-Ger. 787—Matth. 925—Clus. ii. 24, 1-Dod. 655. 1-Lob. obs. er I, and i ic. i, 653. 1- Ger. em. 933..1=H. ox.v. 19. 1 Stem upright, a yard high or more, cottony, cylindrical, somewhat branched. seeds egg-spear-shaped, gts very soft, velvety ; the upper smaller, with generally 3 i lobes, serrated, with mostly 5 ribs underneath ; the radia lagers with 7 ribs, sometimes serrated, sometimes “rather scollo: Flowers from the bosom of the leaves, on fruit-stalks, in a ind of panicle. Floaver-scales — g36 bristle-shaped. Petals nicked, flesh-coloured. Rex and /eaves clothed with
+ rece ile, feeling exactly like ney All the /eaves obscurely |
——— serrated ; the lower egg-shaped, somewhat heart.
a at its base; each seed is covered with a distinct seed-coat peculiar ich, after having inclosed the seed, runs out in the form of a
rm, when dry ; and of again extending itself into a right line, when moist. In short, itis a su! springs which lengthens or contracts itself alternately, as often, and in such proportion, as it happens to become wet or dry. This Pr caiogea t exerts itself when the seed and its ap becomes ay, in con t maturity ;_ when it gradaly
‘till it is either destroyed by the vicissitudes of the seaso ons, or meets with
crevice in the earth, or some light porous ee int to which it cam
Thane insinuate itself, and from thence, i in due time, iF lay egal
curious seed will be better understood by inspection, on the Bon 3h
accurate and laboured description : and all its manceuvres may be seen in, a.short space of time, by altern ‘aay moistening and drying it : ects may be readily done, by putting a little water on one edge of a white stone oF
rying it before I mention a white plate, because on that, I ima- gine, the fine hairs which display ee from the sides c of the talk 3 as tnat contracts,
in its motions, are most easily dstiaguished.: Dr ARNOLD,
: |
ey & MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Malva,
-shaped at the base; the poi egg-spear-shaped. Blass. white or pale flesh- — Woopwarp. Leaves on leaf-stalks, an. lar. Calyx, the outer with sometimes 11 or I2 segments.
gular. . «Petals Snes at the base
ar allow. W {Salt marshes, Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Woopw.—Sea shore near Marazion and Penzance, Cornwall, Mr. Warr.] P, Aug.*
MAL’VA. Calyx double, the outer mostly of . Jeaves: capsules 8 or more, in a whirl; rarely 2-celled : 1 seed in each.
M. ote seep S leaves roundish-heart-shaped, slightly pusilla,
5-lobed : flowers on fruit-stalks, ere in pairs : petals the length of the calyx. (E. bot.) f Bi bot. 241,
rviflo ra. Huds. Said to have been found by him, as Pe al by Mr. Sherard and: Mr. Rand at Hithe in Kent. Dr. Smith observes that it is chiefly distinguishable from the
M. rotundifolia in the petals scarcely exceeding the calyx, a the fruit-stalks being only 2in the bosom of each leaf-stalk ; though he is not quite satisfied that they are permanently distinct. {My specimens gathered in Pembrokesh. | B, July.
M. ‘prs eat leaves heart-shaped, cheubie -lobed: fruit ~stalks when ripe e decli
e Hes dan. 7 o1—Fuchs. 508-F.B. ii. 5 1g 369-Dod. 653. 2-Lob. obs. 371. 25 and it. i, G51. 1= Ger, em. 930. 2-Lonic.:i. 156. 2.
Bloss, white, with a tinge of purple, but oe as in the neighbourhood of Upsal, tiatte white and smaller. Linn. Svem and "blag lying close to the ground. Dhawite sendiek Leaf-
ery long. Leaf-scales im: pairs, spear-shaped, , fringed Path, much shorter than the leaves, with | flower. Bloss, White, with por ia eins. Mr. Woopwarv. Leaf-stalks twice oF more tim: s longer than the leaves. Sr. When the Targer. leaves are e laid quite flat, hardly any interval remains between the 2 edges at the base, so that the r quite circular, Flowers several together, on fruit-stalks of very different lengths. Calyx, outer scales spear-shaped, nearly as long as the inner cup.
The whole plant, particularly oa root, abounds with a mild, — Sage: The root boiled is much used as an emolliént cataplasm, — of it is a generally preser: casaetbelie in all ca ses wherein mild aa. “aging Us substances are useful.
699
Jaited, rotundifolia,
606
sylves’tris.
moscha’ta.
Bloss. purplish rose red, sometimes paler, full twice as long a9 the cal
MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Malva.
#
Xe 3 Mauls. Dwarf Mallow. Road sides, pr rubbish. ite be Saint Vincent’s rocks. Mr. Smarus, J A. June a.
M. Stem rough ; leaves 5 or 7-lobed, toothed outer — leafits partly united at the base. Curt:-E. bot. 671—Blackw. .22-Waoedw.. 54-Fuchs.. 509- F. B. 949. 1-Ger. 785. 1-H. ox. v- 17. 8=Dod. 653. 1= Lob. a dyle Ay a 4 ic. i. 650. eet? em. 930. 1.
nicked, but not bitten, purple, with 3 or 4 Aine streaks. Sum- mits 11 or 12. The colour of the flowers varies with more or Jess of a bluish cast, and the leaves are liable to be variegated wit tb. yellow: white los —
auls, yt t paths, and See Yhough so common in most patts of England, it is t Kendal in Wesiiateed: that to find a pla
il a — with its usual places of growth in this countrys igh so common in the midland parts of England, I don’t recollect ever clang found it in a wood. } A. Ju une—Aug.
M. Stem upright: root-leaves Joe haw cut : stem- leaves with 5 divisions ; 3 segments between winged and many-cloven : leafits of the outer cup distinct.
Cutt. oad ks 754—FI. dan. Pre ecphr. 147-Wale. ~F. B. ii. 1067. 1-H. ox. v. 18.4
Differs from Si Alcea as follows: Stew not so tall, with 50- litary upright hairs rising from a prominent little Batt, Seed- coats rough with hairs. Flowers of an ambrosial scent. Livy. In the M. Alcea the calyx has a protuberating ring at se base, and the outer cup is formed of 3 ¢ g-shapes leafits, but the M- moschata has no < ite at the base he calyx, and the leafits
are spear-shaped, C The M. moschata may also be distin- guished by its ata ke smell, ‘ot “this 1 is not always percep- tible, and there i . reason to at in this case it has been
mistaken for the M. Alcea, npr’ which I believe is not one of our natives, Flowers flesh-coloured, Styles 14 to 186
ae
MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Lavaters.
Musk Mallow. Meadows, pastures, road sides, and ditch banks. [Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Derbyshire, and the _ North, frequent. .In Norfolk and Suffolk sparingly. Mr. Woopw.
Very Common in the midland counties. } P. July, Aug.
a LAVATE’RA. Cal. double, the outer 3-cleft : cap- : sules many, equal in number to the sum- mits ;. placed in. a circle, 1 seed in each.
L,..Stem woody: leaves with 7 angles, cottony, plaited : fruit-stalks crowded, axillary, 1 flower 6n each.
— Garin. 136. 2, Calyx and fruit-Besl. Eyst. estiv. vi. 6.1, on the authority of Gertuer, and Cavanill. diss. v. 139. 2, on that of Gmelin.
_ Stem in the smaller plants like that of a cabbage, but taller; In the larger plants from 4 to 6 feet high, and as muchas 4 inches indiameter. Leaves with 7, 5, or 3 angles ; as soft as the finest velvet. Flowers mostly in pairs. Calyx, outer much larger than the inner ; the segments broad, blunt, sometimes notched. ‘Bless. purplish red, with dark blotches at the base of the petals. The cylinder of united filaments woolly at the base.
Tree Mallow, ot Velvet-leaf. Sea shores. Hurst Castle, over against the Isle of Wight. Portland Island, rocks of Caldey Island, and Basse Islands, near Edinburgh. Ray.—Inch Garvey and Mykrie-Inch, in the Firth of Forth. Stssaup. Cornwa and Devonsh. Huns. [Chissel in Portland Island. Mr. Warr At Teignmouth, ] : B. July—
TAX’US. Male and female flowers on different plants: A/oss. none: calyx a 4 or a 7-leaved
ud.
Male. Anthers target-shaped ; 8-cleft. °
Fem. Siyle none: seed 1, surrounded at the base by a pulpy receptacle ; the upper half naked.
T. Leaves solitary, strap-shaped, prickle-pointed, near bacca’ta.
together: receptacle of the male flowers somewhat globular. ‘
E, bot, 746~Hunt. Evel. p.378; i. p. 275. ed. U1—Blackaw. 572-Kniph. 1~Cam. epit. 840-Tourn. 302. 1-F. B. i. b. 241. 2-Dod. 859. 1-Lob. obs. 637. 1, and ic. ti, 232= Ger. em. 1370=Ger, 1187. 2=Park.s 1412-Gars, 580 Matth. 1099, 2
6ylves’tris,
“
MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Pints, i
Berries very singular, proceeding from a receptacle which falf covers and protects the seed, coming to perfection in the 2d year. Seed with 2 seed- lobes. Livny, Bark reddish, Berries
Common Yew Tree. Mountainous woods ee hedges. R. Sym
Mountains of Westmoreland, Cumberland, and hills of Heres
fordshire. Huns.—In a t ruly wild state out of the clefts of the s 0 gle
tance. . [In inaccessible situations, on the rocks of Borrowdale, and on Conzi Scar, near Kendal. ‘There can be Tittle doubt but these are its truly natural situations. Woopwarp.—On = mountain called Yew-barrow, clearly in its indigenous state,and in several other inaccessible places on the mountains of Furnes¢ Fells. Mr. Arxryson.—On castle Eden dean, Bent hd! wild. Mr. Rosson. ] T. March, Aprile:
PI'NU S. Male sii Fem. flowers on the same plant + b
Male. Calya> scales forming a | bud standing open : anthers naked, eee Calyx scales forming a cone, 2 flowers in scale: pistil 1: nut of 1 cell, wie valves, bordered with a membrane.
Noe SES RE eNO pe SRA A ea eee
é n pairs, rigid: cones ege-conical, mostly in te as long as ‘the leaves : scales oblong, blunt.
4
- * It grows best in a moist leary oi il. en Sees or dry mountains it languishes. It bears transplanting even when ¢ It is often planted
Children often eat them in large quantities without an nvenience.— 5 ares are fond of them. ‘The fresh leaves are fatal to the
pees cee: —a a a3 1 mS a wv ¢ = =. a = = ja! a — ee
= 3 a EF a ; & a oO BS] 2“s Be oO a | oll oO ao 2 & aq n 2 ay 5B = & % 1
Th ied us’ 0: ve geta ble poiso The same apa of the dried: leaves had been given the day beter without an y effect. Percival’s essays, iii. ~ Sheep and goats” eat it, horses and cows re oe ‘t Linn.—but there are instances of both
State, are most ps camer to cattle.—Several mountainous places are named in the Gent. Mag. 1793. p. Yor, - which it doubtless grows wild. "Those trees situated in — ae Po parts of the mountains are genera rally cut down and brought t et for sire: and steps of lager rs, for which use their durability cadet pa yaluable.
MONADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Pinus. FI; Ross. Il. Fol, i-Mill. ill.—Blackw. 190—Hunt. Evel.
266; u ue 274. ed. Sa 207—Barr. fs pale 355, 356, P. Q.—Matth, 98-Ger. 1175. 2-J. B. i. b. tanh 860. faa AK 631.2, aud ic. ii, 226, Im Ger. em. 1356, 1 1.
Cones whitish, » penden
Scotch Fir. Hig blah mountains, both scattered, and in na~
tural forests of many oie extent. LicHTroor. T. Ma
eit flourishes ma in a poor sandy soil a grove; the ¢ runk be= comes ta ; in sunny open tices ranched, rocks or bogs, it on one a aut size. In black soil it i wa dtsenset and in chalky land it die Sometimes, it will thrive near F faaaing, but never near stagnant berets, None but the terminating buds send forth
hes, therefore it will not bear the least clipping. The roots spread
Sahieans, of the North of E the follow. mgmanner. They choose a tree whose trunk is even, for these contain
oil.—s goats are
a t affords: nourishment to the Phalena P Pini, grab te gts 5 ae Cin imex Abietis.,
DIADELPHIA.
CLASS XVII. DIADELPHIA. -
HEXANDRIA.
FUMA’RIA.. Cal. ¢ leaves: Bloss. gaping, bulging, at the Poo and containing at Filaments with 3 anthers
OCTANDRIA. — POLY’GALA. Cal. with 2 segments like wings : Bloss. standard cylindrical: Stamens connected : ‘Caps. in~ — heart-shaped, 2-celled. - DECANDRIA.
( 1) Stamens all wnited.
R'TIUM. Filaments adhering to the germen : Summit hairy, growing to the upper “side of the style. GENET ‘A. Pistil pressing down the keel: Summit rolled wards.
ANTHYLLIS. Cup swoln and turgid; inclosing the
legumen.
ieee Cup 2 leaves: Legumen hardly longer than the a eben Legumen ———oo sitting: Standard ored. Summit downy: Filaments 9 united; 1 distinct. O’ROBUS. Style slender, nearly cylindrical ; woolly on the upper or inner side.
PI’SUM. Style keeled, woolly above. LATH’YRUS. Style flat, and woolly above, VI’CIA. Siyle bearded under the Summit.
DIADELPHIA.
(3) Legumen 2-celled. : ASTRA’GALUS. Legumen 2-celled, curved. (4) Legumen with about 1 seed. i. Pad
TRIFO’/LIUM. Legwmen longer than the cup ; with 1 ‘or 2 seeds: flowers (mostly) in heads. [ Medicago lupulina. Hedysarum Onobrychis. ] (5) Legumens almost jointed; sometimes spiral. Sr. HEDY’SARUM. Legumen with roundish compressed joints: Keel very blunt. ORNI’THOPUS. Legumen jointed; bent ike a bow. HIPPOCRE’PIS. Legumen compressed; membranace-
ous; 1 of the seams hollowed out with very deep notches.
MEDICA’GO. ey ga spiral ; membranaceous: com-
pressed; Pisti/ pressing down the keel. (6) eens gf 2 E cell; with 2 or more seeds: (without ks of the former subdivisions.) ER’VU a sree with : Critees nearly equal ; and nearly as long as the bloss LO'TUS. Legumen cylindrical; filled with cylindrical seeds, a —
Linnzus also give us the following natural arrangement of the different gene
Wincep witout an opp Learit. Orebus, Pisum, Lathy- ras, Vicia, Erv.
Wincep wirn an opp Learir. Astragalus, Hedysarum. Wirn THREE Learits. Trifolium, Lotus, Medicago, Genistay
Ononis Fiowers in Umaets. Lotus, Ornithopus, Hippocrepis.
1
605
606 _DIADELPHIA, HEXANDRIA. Fumaria.
.-..... HEXANDRIA. FUMARIA. Calyx 2-leaved: bloss. gaping : fila-
ments 2, membranaceous, each supporting 3 anthers: caps. \-celled ; many seeded.
interme’ dia. F. = bulbous solid: stem a il floral-leaves hand- shaped, as long as the blosson :
PLATE XXIX.
Flowers purplish red, and yellow, ane a loose spikes Floral-leaves divided into finger-like segments. 5. V’ess. oblong egg-shaped, opening at the bottom, 4 or 6 se eda in each. F, bulbosa. @ Linn. F. minor. Gmelin
This plant was first sent to me ‘by Mr. Hall, then by Mr. Gough, and afterwards by Mr. Robson. The former found it in [Levans Park, 5 miles from Kendal. Wattsfield, 4 a mile from Kendal, amongst a clump of tall trees, pleneifal. Mr, Goveu. Near Ulverstone; also between Cartmel and Kendal. Mr. Ros- son. At Perry Hall, near Birmingham, ina meadow between ee! House and the River. Mr. Pirr. At Blithfield, wStaffordsh.
cor. Ina . wood at Wickham, near Fareham Daan. Mr. GaanieR. © P. March, April.
F, Legumens strap-shaped: 4-sided: stems spreading, the angles acute. -
Es bot. 588,
Segments of the leaves ending ina little point. Fruit-stalks about half the length of the flower; Floral-leaf strap-spear- pig about tone third i length: of the fruit-stalk. Bloss. yel- ow.
Yellow re Ke Fi irst found in England by Mr. Howard, growing on old walls near Castleton in Derbyshire. [ Holm- head near Giggleswick, Yorksh. growing wild in great abund- ance. .Mr, Goven, —Fountain’s Abbey. Mr. Rosson. }
officina’lis. F, Seod-veseds in bunches, 1 1 seed in each: stem spread-
ude 83-Curt. 112—E. bot. 589-Matth. 1158—-Riv. tetre 1-Kniph. \-Woodv. 88-Fl. dan. 940-Fuchs, 338-J- Be iii. a. 201—Blackw. 237-Wale.—Ger. 927. 1—Lonic. io 166. 2—Dad. 59-Lob. obs. 437 3 and ic. i. 757 1-Gere 1088. 1—Park, 287, 1-Trag, 110-Mill, 136, 2-H. ox ili, 12. 9.
Fumaria imteguedia, ‘
» Fumaria capredala.
——a
DIADELPHIA. HEXANDRIA. Fumaria.
Pouch roundish, falling off. Linn. | Stem smooth. Leaves @nooth, somewhat fleshy, sea-green, trebly compound, the last divisions with 5 or 3 clefts, the extreme po Ss spear-sha
fruit-s Faia Rie ny pons atk ca r. Woopw.. Calyze leaves coloured. Bloss. upper lip keeled at ‘ie back, rellects ed at the edges towards the end. Necrary distended, shorter _ than the fruit-stalk, inclosing a greenish tongae-shaped sub. stance, purple at the edge. Wings each with 3 keel-shaped ridges near the wiirtinee on ne outer side. Style 3 or 4 times as long as the germen. Flowers pink and dark purple, in lon
ering spike-like me ie sometimes very pale, or nearly
te
Common Fumitory. Cornfields. Hedge panies Gardens. - May—Aug.*
F, ‘Seed-vesselai in bunches, 1 seed in each: leaves climb- ing, sparingly furnished with tendrils. Dicks. b. s.—Curt. PLATE XXX.
Pedicles bowed back. ‘The extreme /eafirs running into tena drils. Lin. Stems longer and weaker than those of F. officinalis. Leaves more distant, not so finely divided, the extreme divi.
erandblunter. Flowers fewer on the spike. Fruit.
onger. Mr. Woopwarp. Svem sometimes trailing, and interweaving i its branches among the grass, very much branched, sometimes 3 feet long. Bloss. pale red. Sr. Clearly eee
the F. officinalis, as I have proved by sowing the see The leaves frequently run into tendrils. Mr. Rosson. Seed yes- sels glo bular.
Ramping Fumitory. Gardens, cultiv nee P dogs ae under ‘ Walls’ with the F. offic ey Ray. Rocks by the oe soled Ditch banks. S$ A sass
F, Legumens strap-shaped: leaves with tendrils.
FI. dan. 340—E. bot. 103—Ded. 60-Lob. obs. 438. 2, and ic. 1.758. 1-Ger. em. 1088. 2—F. B. iii. a. 204. 1-Park. 288. 6~H. ox. iii. 12. 3—Ger, 929. 5 and 6.
* Cows and sheep cat it. Goats are not ee of it. Horses and swine
| -Wfuse it. Linx. “A horse eat it. Sr. The leaves are succulent, saline bitter, The ex ressed j Negras “aes or 3 ounces,
xpre
Sinemet ged ng ee and cachectic Habits. It corrects say rs
ic one of the stomach, Hoflinan prefers it to all other me- Icines a spi an ofthe blood. There is no doubt of its utility in ob-
ruttions of the oe and the diseases arising therefrom. An infusion cosmetic to remove freckles and clear the skin.
Sor
capreola’tay .
clavicula’ta.
DIADELPHIA. OCTANDRIA. Polygala.
Tendrils from the ends of the leaves. Linn. Leaf- stalks oftent
trooked. Texdrils — forked, and sometimes with 2 mi+ - mute leaves near the - pe stents Fruit-stalks straight, naked. Legumens with 9 seeds. Mr. Woop. Flowers few,
yellow. Spikes short. Mrs Wo oopwarp. Stems 3- pier
to perfection. Calyx leaves inversely heart-shaped, white, very small. — Bloss. sauitard oblong, concave, reflected at the end, not
land quite covered with it. Mr. Brown. Among loose stones . E. side of the Wrekin. Mr. 5 oe Dry stony places in Furness Fells. rm hill, above the
OCTANDRIA.
POLYG/ALA. Calyx 5- Yeaved: 2 larger wing- like, before the ripening of the seeds, co- Joured: caps. inversely heart-shaped, 2- celled: seeds solitary.
vulga’ris, P. Flowers in bunches: stems herbaceous, simple, trail-
ing: leaves strap-spear-shaped,
Walc.—Fl. dan. 5\6-—Kuiph. 11-E. bot, 76-F. B. iii, $86. 3 and 4—~Dod. 253—Lob. obs. 228. 1, andit. i. 416,.2-Ger. em. 564—Park. 1332. 2-Trag. 57 1—Lonic. i, 183. 1-F« B. iti. 362-Lab, ics i, 417. 1-Ger. em, 563, 3-Gere 449, 4.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Spartium.
Stem with us never nearly upright. Sheaisers with a pencil- m4-comered, undivided. Leaves
quite upright Common Milkawort. Pastures and heaths, a i une, July.*
DECANDRIA.
SPAR’TIUM. Cal. extending downwards; Qe lipped : “filaments adhering to the germen: summit woolly above.
S. Leaves in threes, and solitary: branches without scopa’rium.
prickles Curt.—Kniph. 3-Riv. tetr. 63. 1, Genista.-Woodv. 89-Fl. dan. 313~Blackw. 244—Sheldr. 7-Dod. 761. 1-Lob. obs. 531. 1, and ic. ti. 89. 1-Ger. em. 1311. 1—Park, 229. 1-Ger, 1130. 1~Fuchs, 219-7. B. ie é. 388. 3-Trag. 961-Lonic. i. 39. 2. “pa the = bp beneath the keel with 3, the other with 2 very short Retuan. Legumen fringed at the edge with long airs. Wecies aRD. Leaves and rs be ep re — Kalyx the upper segment with 2 teeth larger than those of t ower, Blass, peetere nearly circular, slightly sexed at a tnd; keel, the petals rather hooked, united at the lower edge by Ne imertextare r very fine, soft, woolly hairs. Stamens, 4 long and 6 short. Style bowed almost into a circle, and after
‘d nnzeus found it to possess the properties of the Senega Rattle. : re eto rf neyees Senega) but in an inferior mer Duhamel used ses with the desired success. Mem, de Paris, 1740.
biter, taken in the morning fasting, about 3 ofa pint t daily, promotes ex- Bitotation, and is good for a catarrhous cough, I tried at with success.
Vou} III, Ss
610 ©
tincto’ria.
a
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Genista.
flowering into a spiral ; the very end, which one should be in.
clined to regard as the summit, = iry. — yellow.
Common Broom. a5 ete S. May, June.*
GENIS‘TA. | Calvi a bbe: the upper 2, the lower 3-toothed: standard oblong, bent back from the stamens and pistil: legumen regular-shaped.
G. Branches scored, cylindrical, upright: leaves spear- shaped, sm mooth: legumen cy] indeed ical,
Dicks. b. s.=Fl. dan. 526—E. bot. 44—Kniph. 6-Fuchs. 808-
Trag. 604—Dod. 763. 1~F. Bs i. b. 391-Ger. 1134. 1- GClus. i. 101. 2—Lob. obs. 521. 2, and ic. ii. 90. 2-Gere em. 1316. 1~Park. 229.7.
Flowers in leafy spikes. Flower-Jeaves shorter than the blossoms. Calyx with ¢ nearly equal clefts. Bioss. neat egg-shaped, blunt; «wizgs oblong-ov val, keel ressed. Sime mit a little knob. Bloss. ys, It is justly io in E.
mee d. Greenwood. Sue Wood Waxems Pastures a iden of cornfields, S. dos Aug.t
* The young flowers are sometimes preserved as pickles. The plant,
when burnt, affords a tolerably pure alcaline salt. Dr. Mead relates the
ap ; but, whoever expects these effects to follow Spi ledhes drop- sical case will be greatly or A ste se that
plentiful, and the dropsies soon disappeared. Jed. at vol. i. p- 373: i a -~ men kind of coffee. The plant,
when growing large, merits wink our flowering s shrubs, ne, 5* count of the = Pty hapsny of i - golden coloured! blos soms. Page s, horses, and pores Lin Whe n the ag — se contents toa eo Foran aed we a aceontr antck men . + A yellow colour m fi , and for wool that is to be Sere g reen, the pani piste it to ote: Seneiee A ‘dean and a half of the powdered seeds, operates as a mild pu A decoction of the
plant is sometimes diuretic, and therefore has prove serviceable in atop" sical Horses, cows, goats, ad sheep ea
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Genista.
G, Leaves spear-shaped, blunt: stem with tubercles, pro- pilo’sa, strate.
wae: austr, 208=E. bot. 208—Kniph. 5~Rose 3. 1~Clus. i. 3. 2-Gers em. 1313. 6-Ger, 1132. 6-~F. B. i, 393. 2.
u — seny or only Q orien Reicu. Stem and branches tough, ly lose to th ven beneath the moss ; stem much bra chet: the old branches naked, the young ones clothed with leaves. Leaves numerous, minvte, oval, or oval« res entire, smooth above, mah white silky hairs un- derne owe os goa ascending. F/oqwers in. short = ag at the ends of t nches. PrasnisGhs short, hairy. Calyx hairy, yellowish Stet een ; lips nearly equal, pointed. Bless. ellow, hairy without, excepting the wings. Legum. hairy.
r. Woopwarp, Pastures, heaths, dry and hilly places. About Lackford, 4 or 5 miles from St. Edmund’s Bury. Sir J. Curium. Heaths near Bury, which are “perfectly yellow with it when in flower, = after flowering it is with difficulty found, the stems lying so to the ground. Mr. Woopwarp. Between Dolgelly and Lier, at the foot of Cader Idris, about half a mile from - Mr, GrirritH. | S. May, June.
G. Very thorny; smooth: thorns simple and compound : leaves spear-shape
Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. ee dan. 619—Dod. 760-Lob. obs.
535. 2, and ic. its 93. 2-Ger, em. 1320. 4—Park. 1004, 4—Ger. 1140. 5—Lonic. i. 39. 1.
The old branches thorny, the flowering branches without thorns, or with scattered thorns. RELHAN. Stem much branched. The old branches peal without leaves, beset with thorns ;
ery sha
the sides » with numerous leaves intermixed wit thorns. Leaves sometimes oval, s h, entire, small, green. Flowers pale yellow, small, few. Legumens short, broad, smooth,
3 or 4 seeds. Woopwarp, - Summit a small kno . vess. With from 3 to 14 seeds.
Needle Ferns. Petty Whin. Needle Greenweed. Heaths, and moist t spongy ground, [ Bungay Common, Suffolk. Woopw, pie west of Bishops Auckland. Mr. Rosson. New Forest,
tiecaet g
S. May, June. ULEX. Calyx 2-leaved: legumen scarcely longer
than the calyx. $52
611
612
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Ulex.
Europe’ us. Uv. eaye shorter than the —— with 2 spear-shaped
na’nus,
eciduous scales at the bas Be bot. 742—-F/, dan. 608-—Clus. i 1, 106. 2-Dod. 759. 1=Ger. em. 1319. 1-Park. 1004, 1—F. B. i, 5. 400. 2.
Stems and — deeply furrowed. Leaves deciduous. Calyx ea woolly, but not equally so in all plants. Bloss. yellow. Besides the pair of scales at the top of the fruit- stalk close to the calyx, there is a single scale at its base, on t outer side.
French Furze. Gorze. Common Furze. Heaths, road sides, and pastures, but does not flourish in very poor soil. Extremely luxuriant in Cornwall, growing to the height of 6 or 8 feet.
P. Feb,—Aug.
U. Calyx about as long as the blossom, with @ dark-co- loured spots at the base. E. bot. 743.
Stems and branches less deeply furrowed than in the preced- ing, and the leaves more permanent ; but the best distinction is that pointed out to me by Mr. Stackhouse, who first observed that the U. europaeus had a pair of distinct scales at the base of = calyx, which are pale and deciduous like the leaves ; but that
the U. manus has a pair of dark-coloured spots, not deciduous. These = examined under a glass are really scales, but ve alyx
of their thorns ; but the luxuriant and more upright growth of the former is strongly contrasted by the awariih pearance of the latter,
orze. Dewarf F Whins. ‘On Barren Commons. Flowers all the year, or never more fully than in ee 2 and October.
ONO'NIS. Cal. with 5 divisions ; segments strap- shaped: standard scored: filaavetits united without an opening : /egumens swoln, sitting, we of 1 cell.
ashes are used to make ley. Team horses may be s upported by by this —
plant, if it is cut youngand bruised in a mill to break the thorns. Goat's
cows, sheep, and horses feed upon the tender tops,
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Ononis.
3 branche
613
0. Said in bunches, solitary: leaves solitary or 3 toge- spino’sa, s thorny.
Ludw. bites. 5-Sheldr.79-Blackw. 301—Riv. tetr. 69, Anonis-H. ox. ii. 17. row 1. 1. f. 3—Fl. dan. 783-F. Be ii. 391.2~Ger. 1141. 1~Fuchs. 60-Trag. 869-Matth. 62 4—Dod. 743. 2-Lob. obs. 492. 2, and it. tis 28. 1-Ger
aan 1322. 1-Park. 994. 1-Lonic. i. 72. 1. down, woolly, reddish, thorny, especially from the tae ome ahs sida e. Thorns awl-sha ts placer | with sometimes 1 or 2 Flowers seed See oe: when 2 they are fixed to a babies fruit-stalk. ole plant more
Girileting. in softish thorns. Thorns at the ape of the —s
Thorn bers pbaviows Caine, om Whin. Ground Furzee tae seatutex; hedge banks, holloways, either in a sandy or a soil,
P. July.*
O. Flowers in bunches, 2 together; leaves 3 together, the upper ones be elliary branches without thorns, some- what w
ss bot. 682-Ger. 1142. 3. the autumn of 1779 I examined many hundreds of O. ar-
Vensis i in igs cornfields B Rick hapsed: Hertfordshire, without
in single on
seam, sen Se me zael which: assures me never e emg and that the thorny sort is never found in that found
/
€gg-shaped, toothed. Leaf-stalks short, fixed to a bated toothed
* A decoction * the roots has been recommended in cases of stone and jaundice. Co oy and goats eat it ; sheep are very fond of it; horses and swine refuse j ely A horse refu ee" biioetes hole branch, but eat of the younger diogis when picked off. Dr.
arven’sis,
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Ononis.
leaf-scale. Flowers scattered, intermixed with leaves. Calyx, some of the hairs long and tapering, others short and tipped with glands’; segments, 4 of them pressing on the standard, the lower. most supporting the keel. Blass. standard circular, with a small point at the end, with short hairs on si Senger? es a wie - colour, streaked with deeper coloured half as long as the standard, egg- ond, piel 5 lie and streaked as the standard. Axthers yellow. Germen with hairs tipped with glands. Seeds about 6. Flowers sometimes he hairiness of the leaves and the want of-thorns
best distinguish this from the O, spinosa, whose thorns are - remarkable, and whose leaves are scarcely if at all hairy on upper surface, though in both are are edged with hair like gin’ ek in a small globule
— Ononis inermis. Huds. Mostly in = fad, aa cornfields P; June
Var. 2, Stems prostrate ; whole plant clammy.
Whole plant clammy, not so downy as.O. arvensis. Flowers Jarger and fewer. Leafits oblong wedge-shaped. Calyx seg- n
difficult to say, but I am inclined to Mr. Hudson’s opinion, as
ANTHYL/US. Calyx bellying : legumen roundish,
covered
Vulnera‘ria, A. Herbaceous : leaves winged, unequal: flowers in @ ad.
ouble Dicks. b. s.~Kniph. 6=FI, dan. 988-E. bot. 104—Dill. blk 31, 320—Riw. tetr. 18. 1, Anthyllis—Ger. 1060. 1. and 1023. 1~F. B. ii. 362—Dod. 552. 1~Lob, obs. 530 Is and i ile ii, 87. 2—Ger, em, 1240, 1—Park, Len l.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Pisum. 615
Stems cylindrical, downy. Le eaves downy, the hairs lying close, with 5 or 6 pair of leafits. “Flowers sitting ; deep yellow. Reiuan. Each head of flowers supported by 2 floral-leaves, the larger with 6 or 7 rage the smaller with 4. ‘The structure of the filaments is very s a ar ; jab, the top they swell
Kidney-vetch; Lai ager - Meadows and pastures, in
or a calcareous soil. ff Rocks. Mr. Swayne. Cra-
yen, Yorkshire. Mr. Carry. prion ur’s Seat, Edinburgh. Sr.
Limestone pits, Cradley, near Malvern Hill, Worcestershire. -
Mr. Battarp. Coast of Devonshire, common.] P. May—Aug. Var. 2. Blossoms scarlet, or ited
In Pembrokeshire. Ray. .[Onvthe sand banks near Lland-
aed Sapte Mr. Gairrita.. In Cornwall, Mr. Stack.
se. |*
PI'SUM. Calyx, 2 u per segments huonter's : style _ with 3 angles, keeled and pubescent abpre 3 : legumens inflated.
P, Leaf-stalks flattish above: stem angular: 2 tae ar- maritimum,
row-shaped : fruit-stalks many-flowere
Smith spic. fase. 1. 9-Fl. dan. 338-Munt. phyt. 825 230. “er, em, 1220. 5—Park. 1060. 4, and 5.
Whole lax?, excepting the upper surface of the leayes, slight- ly downy. Root creeping, Stems angular. Leaf-stalks with many Kafte, flattish above, with tendrils. Zeafits, the outer smaller. septal perp ue at the base on sag i scarcely
Linn
Soa 11, there being always 1 more on the outer snes the
€s. Woopwarp. Blass. pale red and p Sea Pea. Sea shores, i a stony beach x bea Aldburgh
len * The country people get a ect dye from it. It makes an ‘excel. “nt pasturage for sheep. Where the soil was a reddish clay Linnceus
mon ed blossoms to be red, “pur in white clay white. Goats and s
616
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Orobus.
and Orford, Suff. Ray. Woopw. Near Hastings, Sussex, and on the west side of <5 Guilford? near Lyd, in Kent. Ray. | Rie
O/ROBUS. Calyx blunt at the base; the 2 upper teeth shorter but more deeply divided: 10 thread-shaped. —
sylvat’icus. O, Stems drooping, hairy, branched : leafits 7 to 12 pair.
* Dicks. b. s.-E. bot, 518—Lightf. 16. at p. 390.
Stems branched, scored. Leafits, 6 or 7 pair. Bless, red with- out, within white, with purple lines. rat Sa compressed. Seeds 2 or 3. Linn. Stems numerous, trailing, much Ssiched; but slightly hairy. Leaves winged, alternate ; leafits oval, or ellip- tical, terminated by a point which is an extension of the mid- rib; on short hairy leaf-stalks, somewhat alternate, 6 to 12 pair, without an odd one, but with a sort of beard terminating the F cgi leaf-stalk. eat-eth numerous, to 12, on short pe- , dicles, crowded, mostly ing one way, on the top of a long ' paked ait stalk. Stipu Thalf-attow shaped, 2 at the base of each general leaf-stalk, smaller than those of the O. tzberosus, and terminated by a more acute point. Calyx short, green, tinged with red, fringed, somewhat lipped, lips nearly equal, the upper | veh 2 teeth, t lowe er with 3, rather lo ope. ieee long
egum. short, smooth. Mr. Woopw
Bitter Veeck. Wood Peaseling., Woods, hedges pascal; dry rocky places, and banks of Rivers. Teh a es from Penrit Brecknock E Cumberland. Ray. Mr. Woon WARD, Below
Mr. Don. On the he about + a mile below the ao Dr. Horz. About Cerrig y Druidion, and Y . hike ne bighshire. Mr. Suna May—July.
tubero’sus. O. Leaves winged, spear-shaped: oo half-arrowe
shaped, very entire; stem simple,
* In.1555, during a time of great scarcity, the people about Orford in ce. were preserved from perishing by eating the seeds of this plant, which grew there in great abundance upon the sea coast, Cows, horses,
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. ‘Lathyrus,
Dicks. b.'s.—Curt.-Riv. tetr. 59, Orob. rad. inb.Sibbaid, 1-Ger. em. 1237. 2-H. ox. ii. 21, row 2. SF. 3-Fi. dan. 781—Thal. 1—Park. 1062. 5.
Stems at first drooping, but upright when in flower. Livy,
Leafits 1 to 3 pairs, sitting, elliptical, the upper ones narrower and nearly strap-shaped, without an odd one, but the leaf-stalk
tr 3 membranaceous leafy edges. Leafts with 3 longitudinal veins, and terminated by a sharp point. Szy/e strap-shaped, not pointed at the end. Seeds compressed, about 12. Blossoms purple, 3 or 4 together, Legum. flat, black, pendant
; pe . ; Heath Peaseling. Moist heaths and woody meadows, not re, P. Apr. May.*
LA'THYRUS. Cal. 2 upper segments shorter: style flat, broader upwards, woolly on the up- per surface : /egumen generally equal, broad.
(1) Fruit-stalks 1-flowered. [L. hirsutus.]
617
L. Tendrils without leaves: stipulz arrow-heart-shaped. Aph’aca.
Curt.—Gies. 41—Mill. ill. 43—Lob. obs. 518. 1, and ic. ii. 70. 1—Ger. ei. 1250-—Park. 1067—H. OX. ii. 4. i.
Stems 4.cornered, trailing. Stipule oval-spear-shaped, are
row-shaped at the base, in pairs, smooth, somewhat sea-green,
Steenish yellow at the base. Mr. Woopwarp. ‘The stipulz in Plant supply the place of leaves, and as such they might be considered, but the real leaves are very minute, and only exist,
according to Mr. Curtis, for a short time after the sprouting of the seed. Flowers yellow.
* The roots, when boiled, are savoury and nutritious ; ground to pow- der they may be made into bread. They are held in esteem by the High- landers of Scotland, who chew them, as our people do tobacco, and fi
the lungs, They know how to prepare an intoxicating liquor from them.
Nisso’lia,
hirsu‘tus.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Lathiyras.
Yellow Vetchling. Sandy cornfields and meadows. -[ Histon, near Cambridge, and between Norwich and Bungay. Woopw.] A. Ju ———_
L. Leaves simple : stipul awl-shaped.
Curt.-E. bot, 1)2-Buxb. iii. 45. 1-Dod. 529. 1—Lobs = 518. 2, and ic. ii. 71. 1-Ger. em. 1249. 2~Park, 1079. 4-—F. B. ii. 509. 1.
_ Stem upright, Fendrils none-. Leaf-scales very sual Bue Stem Hit simple, angular,, twisted, lightly hairy. Leav alternate, smooth, sword-shaped, resembling those of Grass, Site pulz in pairs, at the base of the leaves. Fruit-stalks axillarye slightly hairy. Flower-scales awl-shaped, small, one at the base of each flower. B/oss.-beautiful crimson. Legum. strap-shaped, oe slightly downy, terminated by a straight style. RD
Crimson Grass Vetch, ot Vetchling, Borders of cornfields and pastures. [Ripton, Huntingdonshire Mr. Woopwarp. Wo at Belmont, Staffordshire. Mr. Prrr. Hadsor Wood, near Droitwich. we Baxer. About Teignmouth. Mr. Martyn. Borders of a cornfield near Wick sph Mr. Pigiecs — field, Sta fond in the hedge bank on th
* are so like those of grass, ae teak codees the visiity be in flower it aay be readily overl looked, It is very beautiful, and merits a place in our gardens.
(2) Fruit-stalks with more than \ flower.
L. Fruit-stalks mostly 2- come tendrils with 2 feavens : legumens hairy: see
= B. ii. 305-Riv. tetr. 41, L. siliquis hirsutise Flowers purple. Linn. Stems angular, ies. slightly hairy. Leafits, a — pair, slightly hairy, with 3 strong ribs, termi-
nated by anawn. Lea/-sta/ks triangular, rssoaine above, termi-
nating by a pags Tendrils mostly dividing into 3. Stipule
half. arrow-shaped, seasons with long appendages, 2 at the base _
hair, eac a, roceeding a gland. Woopw. Bioss, with yellow lines wukias
* The seeds; both of this and = “% — other species, are nutritiouss either eaten in broth or made into bre
~
a
Dit signee uth Ul ae es eg meee a oy aap eg a ee LL ee eee eee
=
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA, Lathyrus.
uRonpb: padded fen bog Cornfields and ditch banks. Fields about Hock! ey and Rayleigh; and elsewhere in Rochford, Es. sex, . Near Munden Church and Laydon Hall in Denyg Hun- , Essex. Buacesr. [On the sides of two hills, Sad har
of Pecstord. on the Bristol road, the other between Kirtan, Somersetshire. Mr. Swayn E.] A, July.
* (3) Fruit-stalks many flowered. -
Linn. Tendrils sometimes Spade and sometimes with 2, Woopw.
+ Kriph, 11=-Curt. 170-E. bot. 670—Riv. tetr. 43, L. pratensis FI. dan. 527-F. B. ii. 304. 2-Wale.-H. ox. ti. 2. Qa Anderson—Lob. obs. ae 3, and ic. iis 69. 2-Ger. ems 1231. 6-Park, 1061,
Leafits between coiled and iat inwards. Stipule ech mt
tire, halberd-shaped. Fruit-stalés 4.cornered.. Linn. much branched. Leaves meas, Leaf-stalks sea oe 3- pe nered, terminating in tendrils. Stipule spe
ith 4, | a ry. va awl-shaped, very minute, 1 at the base of each pedicle.
alyx \.3d arto athe bicska sancihat hay, cloven half way down; segments rather unequal. gum.» black, smooth, oopw. Bless. yellow ; standard with 6 or 7 purple lines just above the claw. Anthers obl wa Tare Everlasting. Commen Yellow, or Meadow Vetchli if. Meadows, pastures, woods, chickets, and hadges. P. July, Aug.*
L, Tendrils with 2 leaves: leafits sword-shaped: stem with membranaceous borders between the knots. E. bot. 805—Riv. tetr. 39, L. gylvaticns. wery large~Clus. ii, 229. 2-Lab. obs. 517. 1, and it. li. 68. 2-Ger. ents 1229, 1~Park. 1063. 3—Fuchs. 572-Trag. 613-Dod. 5230 2—F. B, iis 302. 2-H. ox. li, 20 4
_ Stems widely spreading, climbing, or trailing. Leaf-stalks Tough at the edge. Leafs strap-shaped, not broader than the
Stem. —Stipule awl-shaped, very narrow. Linn. Flowers not
More than 6 ina bunch, as small again as those of L. latifolius Hau, $1 tipule half-arrow-shaped, in pairs. Tendrils cloven
oH, ments of f the eet and premiums ‘pave been offered for its cultivation,
But
6ig
L. Tendrils with 2 leaves, huite simple: leafits ie praten’sis. | shaped.
sylves’tris.
latifo’lius °
palus’tris.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Lathyrus.
into 3. Floral-leaves aw\-shaped, 1 at the base of each pedicle, Woopw.
Var. 2. Leaves broader pan the stem. ae red and white. The leaves are sometimes even broader than those of the next species, and have oe three ibe but the stipulz are always narrower shar the stem in this species, and always broader in the Jatiftias.. The flowers in the latifolius are considerably Jarger and more numerous than in the sy/vestris. " Nesrovoteaved Pease-everlasting, or Vetchling. hedges. Between Castle Campes and Bartlow, Cambridgeshire. Ray. Between Bath and Bristol, and Conway, Wales. Huns. oo sides between Pershore and Eckington. Worcestershire. [Shelton Bank near Salop. Mr. Aixin. On a hill near. Penshoek with L. birsutus. Mr. Swayne. | P. July, Aug.
L. Tendrils with 2 fecha: : leafits spear-shaped: stem with membranaceous borders between the knots.
Mill. ill-Fl. dan. 785 and 325—Riv. tetr. 40, L. narbo-
nensis~Garid. 108. at p. 300—Matth. 971. Leafits Sent in, elliptical, several times broader than the ter sometim af Stipule broa der than the ae nearly hal- eaves with 4 or 5 ribs ; varying much in
breadth, but dee broader than the stem. Bloss. pale ourplidl i four.
d-leaved Pease-everlasting, or Vetchling. Woods and
Sia Modineley: Eversden, and Kingston Woods, near Cam-
bridge. Rocks near Red Neese by Whitehaven, [Severn Stoke
opse, Worcestershire. Mr. Bauvarp. | P. July, Aug.*
L, Tendrils with many leafits : stipulze spear-shaped.
E. bot. 169-Fl. dan. 399—Pluk. 71. 2-Rupp. 1. at p. 2106
Stem with leafy borders. Leafs 6, spear-shaped. Stipule half-arrow-shaped. Frzit-stalks with generally 3 flowers. Bless. b ETz. Whole s/ant smooth. Stems with somewhat mem
mise edges. Leafits 2 or 3 pair, spear-shaped. Leatol
eft hens 3 to 0 or more, pointing one ae Woopw Bless. blue pur Chickling Pec. Marsh Eig a Moist meadows and pastures. Peckham Field on the back of Southwark. "Rare Bardon Hill, Leicestersh, Dr. Povtrney. Lancashire and Yorksh, Hups.. Near Ranaugh, Norfolk. Mr. Humpury. Ps July, Augs
* The beauty of its — shat obtained it a place in our shrubberies and flower borders. Dr. Srox
Wood near Abin sets S acunet Charley Forest, neat
:
— EL
a
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Vicia. VI'CIA. Summit bearded across underneath : legu- men generally with knot-like protuberances. (1) Fruit-stalks long ; many-flowered. V. Leafits oval: stipulz finely toothed.
Dicks. bh. s.-Fl. dan. 277-E. bot. 79—Pluk. 71. 1-Hall. 12. 2. ati. p. 172.
pairs, small, deeply divided into several awl-shaped segments. long, thick, r igh
Fruit-stalks , and scored; upright. Flowers numerous, on the up rt of the fruit-stalk pendent, growing irregularly, mostly in two’s and three’s, with interrup-
ts Woopwarp. Bloss. standard without a sharp point in the
_, Weed Vetch. [Malham, near Settle, Yorkshire, and elsewhere Sh North. Woopwarp. ‘Thicket on the North side of Bre-
upon Teme, Worcestershire, in moist places. Sr. Shelton bank near Salop. Mr. Arxry. Woods on a limestone about Newton fa a few years after the woods have been cut down. Mr, Hatt, Urswick Woods, climbing up the trees for several ae so as to be very ornamental, Mr. Arxinson. Beec » Close by the mo on Lansdown, Bath. It is the most beautiful climber of this island, both the leaves and flowers being extremely elegant. Mr. Swayne. _ P. July, Aug.
7: Flowers tiled: leafits spear-shaped, pubescent: stipulz entire,
Kniph. 10-Curt, 310-Fl. dan. 804—Riv. tetr. 49, Craccas re & OX. Z. 4. a
Leafits rolled in. In cornfields large and luxuriant, in mea- dows ‘small and hoary. Blsss. sometimes white. Linn. Svem
62)
sylvat’ica.
Crac’ca.
e028 _ DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. Vicia.
the leaf-stalk, branched. Stipule half-arrow-shaped, pointed. Calyx bluish, the 2 upper teeth extremely short, the lowermost
ta leaves, jonges ‘than the leaves. Bios, bluish purple, with 2 deeper purple spots at the extremity of the keel ; standard heart. oe ey without a “ore point in the notch. Lesiaes with 5
Tufted Vetch. Liles shady places, — aes [and
: willow beds. Sr.] P. July. Aug.* ) Flowers 2 or more together, nearly sitting. sati’va. V. mens mostly in pairs, upright ; leafits ines _ spéar-shaped, blunt, notched: stipulz toothed : ‘compressed.
E, bot. 334—Kniph. 1\-Walc.-Riw. tetr. 55, Vicia.—Fl. dan. 522—Clus. ii. 235s 1—Dod. 531. 1-Lob, abs. 522. 3, and 4. ii. 756 1—-Ger. ents 1227. 1—Parks 1072. 1H. ox. ike 4. 1u-F. B, ii. 310. Q. Stipule marked underneath with a spot as though it had been burnt. Linn. Stem upright, scored. “ Leaves winged ; /eafits ir, ite, elliptical, blunt, the tnid-tib lengthened into a projecting point. Tendril terminating the leaf-stalk, branched. Stipule in pairs, sata Sy toothed, marked with a black shining spot, F/owers mostly 2 together. ee reddish purple. Woopwarp. Cai. teeth aly equal. Sveds black. Common Vetch, Fetch. Tare. Dry meadows, pty and elds. A. Apr.—June.t Var. 2. Hups. Seeds white. Var. 3. Leaves narrower, somewhat strap-shaped. Linn. Riw. tetr. 54, V. angustif.-Dod. Seog 2—Lob. obs, 522+ 35 and ic. ii. 75. 2-Ger. em. 1227. 4—Park, 1071. 1-H. ox- ii. 4. 11-F. B Sree More common than var, 1. So nearly allied to i shat there — seems to be any i imits between them. Linn. Svem
» in his Nat. Hist, of Staffordsh. p. om says, that this and the ean species advance starven or weak cattle above any silty
+ In Gloucestershire and Worcestershire they sow it as pasturage foe Horses, and eat it off early enough to allow of Turne the game year. The = are excellent food for: Pigeons. Honky, cows,
sheep, and goats cat
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA, Vicia. 623
the same colour with those of vars 1. It is clearly a variety of + Sativa, as it may be traced through all its sta apes f oe its
smallest size up to the largest plants of V. sativa. OM oDW.
Stems scored, undivided. Tendrils 3-cleft. Leafits of the lower
leaves heart-shaped, 2 or 3 pair; those of the upper 4 or 5 pair,
strap-shaped, blunt at the end, the mid-rib lengthened out inte
a ete point. hike a Seeds 10
« Hu
nearly sitting, about 2 topes, ex expanding rl i in-
strap-shaped. FY. ox. AT hotover, and divers éther places. Ray. [In the lanes in _ the valleys of Dartmoor.] A. May.
V. Legumens mostly 4 together, upright : leafits egg- se’pium. shaped, very entire, the outer ones gradually smalle er. Kniph. 5-Riv. tetr. 56, V. sepinm—Fl. dan. 699-Wale.- Trag. 624-7. B. ii. 313. 2-Ger. 1052. 1. and em. 12276 2—Fuchs. 110—Matth. 547—Anderson—Lonic. i, 248. 1.
Sime mostly 4 flowers. Linn. Stems u t. Leaves alternate, winged ; /eafits age pec igain coos +3 mid-rib i 1ed out a pr ojecting paint Stipule half-arrow-
equal, Bat. dirty purple. Mr. Woonw. Cal, rough with
(3) Flowers solitary, nearly sitting. V. — solitary, upright, smooth + leafits about 6,lathyroi’des. lower ones inversely heart-shaped : stipule half- arrow-shaped, wats entire: seeds cubic, warty. E. bot,
Soc, i vatasinic to all kinds of cattle, it is difficult to cultivate on a large scale the seeds being generally devoured by the laryze of a Le Spee ies of Ate "elabus, which larvae are the prey of a species of Ichne
624
lu’tea,
hy’brida.
}
-DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA, Vicia.
Dicks. b. s.—Facg. mis. ii, 18-E. bot. 30-Fl, dan. 58-Rivs tetr. 109. V. minima.—Kniph. 3—Herm. par. 242.
Stipule not spotted. St. Whole plant hairy except whe S.
vessels. Root small, fibrous, annual. Stems several, a foot high
or less ; weak trailing. meek 4 to © pair, aad never more ; Op-
pe site, the upper ones mostly .spear-shaped. Tendri/s never ranched. . Stupule half-arrow-shaped, the
upper spear-shapedy Flowers small, bluish a: Legum. uptighits
natrow pointed. smooth, dotted. Seeds cubic.
being scarcely longer than the leg the seeds cubic, ane a fi
tendril never branched. Woopwarp. In the fig. of E. bot, Fl. dan. and Kniphoffius, the tendrils are wanting; in those of Jacquin gn Rivinus they are represented as unbranched, agree- able to ward’s observation, but in Dickson’s specimens publised in His 4th fasciculus of dried plants, the tendrils are
‘ branc
Vicia gn var. y¥ Huns. Ervum soloniense Sp. ple
Dr. Smith informs us is no other than this plant, and that it flowers
sometimes bears white s. Strangle Vetch, or Dry pastures, gravel pits, and
Tar cotificliged in paves ‘andy, and chalky soils.) King’s Park, ~ Edinburgh. Lic
r. St. In the dry — of Hyde Park. Mr. Dickson. [Norfolk Mr, Woopwarp. | A. Mays
V. Legumens sitting, bent ei seman solitary ; with 5 seeds: standard smooth. E, bot. 481~H, OX. ii. 91; TOW, go, . 2-F. Rg. ii, S13s 1.
Leaves sometimes spear-shaped, sometimes dented. Legume hairy or smooth. Svipz/e alternately very entire, or with 3 teeth
Linn. Leaves either inversely heart-shaped, dented, oblong, oF
spear-shaped. Flowers sometimes in pairs. Hups, Leaves ternate ; /eaftts 3 bia 5 pair, mostly alternate, oblong, blunt, and dented, or stra ar-shaped. Szipule spear-shaped, minute. Findesls terminating; Teak or divided into 2 or 3. Blass, pale yellow. 8. wess. DWARD. ; Yellow Vetch. Abo: Weymouth. A. June, July.
V. Legumens sitting, bent back, hairy, with 5 seeds: stan- dard woolly.
Facq. hort. gas bot. 482-F. B. ii. 314. 1. eatly allied to lutea. Leafits inversely egg-sha aped, ule
dented, small, sprinkled ney a Stipule of the stem not brown, but entirely green. Flow. vale gi be 2 ish above, hairy. In other resneteg ‘accords ga V, lutea. Lins ‘This
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Ervum, 625
ews certainly accords with V. menge of E. bot. andj is per- : tly distinct from the V. levigata Bastard Vetch, Meadows and pastures. Glastonbury Tor. P, June—Aug. V. Legumens sitting, solitary, bent back, epsk Stems leviga’ ta, upright. Stipule greenish. Leave | , E, bot. 483.
Leaves and whole plant any § smooth. Stipule pale brown. Flowers like those of the byes but WA _ In col
that one a quite smooth in every —T. 3 their and contain rarely more than five see “Base. podded Sea Vetch. About Weymouth, P. Amides:
V. Legumens on, fruit-stalks, caret upright : leafits 4, bythyn’ica, oval- -spear-shaped: stipulz toothed. Facq. hort. 147-—Allioni 26. 2. Seeds ee Flowers, standard and keel red purple, yellow
Wings
Sr Vosch, Gravelly cornfields and pastures, and ditch near Doncaster, Yorkshire. Isle of Purbeck. [W:
near Clifton upon Teme, Worcestershire. Sr. Portland Island half'a nd to the left of the shia on loose sand banks. Mr. StackHouss. ] P, July.
ERVUM. Calyx with 5 divisions, as*long as the blossom.
E. Fruit-stalks mostly 2-flowered; seeds 4, globular.
Curt.—Riw. tetr. 53,C racca minor siliguis gemell. —Ger. 1052. 2-Fl. dan. 95-F. B. ii. 315. 2-H. ox. ii. 4. 16—Anderson.
tetrasper’- mum,
Stem 2.ed nearly 4.cornered. afits ncaa 10, and Mostly atti Fruit-stalks of a hair-like fineness, with 1 or 2 flowers. F/oawers small, violet, often blood-coloured. Legum. ged smooth. Linn. Stem weak, much ser ae 5
BS pair. spear-shaped, or stra ee What * 6 sed ~ Peal frexieathy sialtbe: Paiectsils of we
i leaves, as long as, ni ren r than the leaves, solitary, = -Legum. perfectly smooth. Mr. Woopwarp si podded, or Strangle Tare. Tine Tare. Cornfields,
es, and borders of ploughed fields. A, June, OL, IIT, Tr
626 | DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Ornithopus.
War. 2. Seeds 5, 6, or 7, rarely 4.. Stem lower, extremely branched. These differences could not proceed from luxuriance of soil, as the spot where it grew was a remarkably dry gravel. Near Cambridge. Mr. Woopwarp.
hirsu’tum. E, Fruit-stalks many-flowered : seeds 2, globular.
Dicks. b. s.—Curt.-Dod. 542. 3-Eob. obs. 522. 2, and it. ii. 76. 1-—Ger. em. 1228—Park. 1069-Riv. tetr. 53, Cracca minor.—F. B, ii, 315. 1—Fl. dan. 639.
Stems weak, mueh prapcheds angular, scored, Leaf-scales,
the lower with 2 or 3 awl. shaped te ee sae upper awl-shaped, entire. Leafits ce strap-sha 12 pair, somewhat alternate, terminated by a branch . vende. Fruit-stalks axil- lary, shorter but not so slender as in the E. tetraspermum.
ers 2, 3) OF 4, on very short pedicles; when 2, separate ; if 3, 2 of them together ; if 4 in pairs. Legum. hairy. Woopward- Plant smooth, except the legumens. Flowers 2 to 7, pale purples er white. Both in this and the preceding species the summit 1s bearded underneath.
Wild Tare. Tine Tare. nets -podded Tare. Sandy corn-
fields and meadows.”
ORNITHOPUS. Seed-vess. cylindrica, but joint+ ed and crooked. perpusil’lus.O, Leaves winged : oe bowed in, much larger than the winged flow er-scale. E. a 369—Kuniph. 7-Dod. 544—Lob. obs. 527. 2, and ic. ii. 1. 2—Ger.em. 1241. 3—Park, 1092. 1-H. ox. ii. 10. 13 es. adv. 403. 1, and ie. ii, D4. 1—Ger. em. 1241. 4- Park. 1092. 1, f chap. 28...
h an odd one smaller. Flowers 1 to 5y ter- omen a le ate of a2 standard reddish white, with red lines. :
are » marked with By lines, the claw lowish oxi take white, with a reddish tinge ; Aee/ pale
orses, cows, goats, and sheep eat it. Linn, _In wet seasons whole fislds be corn have been overpowered and wholly desteoyedt bys it
'
‘DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Hippocrepis.
straw-colour. Seeds 6. A beautiful plant, and not uncommon on dry heaths and downs ; varying from 1 inch to a foot in the extent of its branches
Common Birds- Gok. Sandy Pare iia sides, heaths and pastures. [Near Li =e Mr. TELY. inson‘Green
Near Knaresborough, Neches, Mr. Roxson. _Washwood Heath near Birmingham. ] A. May—Sept. Var. 2. Flowers entirely yellow Each Teak with a dark purple blotch. Sidmouth. May.
HIPPOCRE'PIS. Seed-vessel many-celled, com- pressed, crooked, with several notches along one of the seams. H. Legumens on fruit-stalks, crowded, bowed, serpentine. _ Sacq. austr, 431—Riw, tetr. 97.2, Ferrum equinum comotum- £. bot. 31-Col. ecphr. 301. 1—Dicks. b. s.-Park, 1092. 4—H. ox, ii, 10. 3-Ger. 1056. 2-F. B. ii, 348. 1. Stems several, ascending, a span high, smooth. Svzpulz as it were running down. Leafits 15, oval-strap-shaped, expand- in mv of a fir = texture. Fruit-stalks between angular and
were e on ‘ee Wider Linn. gions oe woody. Stems
red blun heat s seldom more than 6 pair, opposite, heart-
shaped, or epic and dented. Flowers 6 to 10, disposed in 4 circle round the summit of the fruit-stalk, after flowering bent down. Pet slightly hairy, very short. Woopwarp. Plant sometime ee from hairs. Blas dull be with brownish stinks:
bin and on \ Wasceis's Rocks. Mr. Swayne. On the gh grounds aan of Marlborough. J P. May—July.
HEDYS‘ARUM. Keel broad and blunt on the outer part: /egumen jointed, 1 seed in each joint. rTg
627
como’s&.
628
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Hedysarum.
CT H. Te winged ; erase with 1 seed, prickly: wings
s long as the calyx: stem growing lo lori Saks b. s.—Kniph. een austr. 352-E. bot. 96-Riv. tetr. 2. Onobrychis—F. B. ti. 335. 2-Ger. 1062. 1-Clus. li. 232. 2—Dod. 548. 2~Lob. obs. 527. 1, and it. ii. 81. re em. 1243. 1—Park, 1082. 1.
nated by a fon point, membranaceous at the edges, sometimes
all with projecting points at "the end, the uppermost with the
pe mid-ri ib k th and edges fringed. Fruit-stalks long, slighey
hairy. Bunches long, closely tiled upwards. Floawers numero’ Floral-leaves awl\-shaped, hone than the pedicles. Calyx 1-4th the length of the blossom. Woopwarp. © Calyx, seg-
ments spear-shaped, hairy, the 2 upper distant, the lowermost the"
shortest. Bless. iuallerd: egg-shaped, with a little tooth in the
notch at the end, red in the middle, with 8 or.10 deeper co-
loured lines, white at the edges, and mottled with red, the lines
on the outside fainter, but more numerous; wixgs very s
not half the length of the calyx, spear-shaped, red and white;
st reddish, with deeper coloured lines. Legumen oblong, airy.
Common Saintfern. Cock’s-head. Meadows and pastures, pat- ticularly in chalky soils. Ping Norfolk. Mr. Crowz, Gog- magog Hills near Cambridge. Woopwarp. Wick Clifts. Mr- Swayne. Wilts and the higher grounds of Clones fre- quent, both wild and cultivated. | P. June, Ju uly.*
ASTRAG’ALUS. Caps. generally 2-celled ; bulg- ing: the solitary filaments cylindrical.
(1) Stems trailing, leafy.
“ hypogtot'tis. A. Stem prostrate : floweis ’ in roundish heads: legumens
-shaped, compressed, hairy, grooved, - par reflected. E. bot. | Dicks. b. s.-E, bot. 274—Ray 12. 3-Fi. dan. 614. PB !0 8 or 10, forming a roundish head like clover. i gg-shaped, grooved, with a double point which is bent Babi: aliok ripe, covered with long, white, - hairs. Lins-
+ This is cultivated like Clover for feeding a nid is paul sitadmotet in dry hilly situations, and chalky soils,
”
—_—
X
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Astragalus.
Stems weak, as many as 6 or upwards, towards _ base lying close to the "ground, the heads of flowers rise up a from the root, as if without any leaves or sated belangin pd — Leafits 6 to 12 pair, with an odd one, elliptical, or s, » hairy, especially on n the upper side, opposite. Leaf- salts hairy, furrowed. Stipule ego-spear-shaped, ey: in irs, fringed. Fruit-sta/ks mostly from near the end the ranches, ascending, larger than ‘Be leaf-stalks, about as long as the leaves, hairy, hairs white towards the base, black above. Flowers 5 or 6, rarely more, in a close head, on abot dicles. Sette oval-spear-shaped, 1 to each pedicle. Calyx beset ack hairs; teeth short, nearly equal. Bloss. bluish pape ibeaines white. Mr. Woopwarp. M. Arzextus first satis. fied me that what had been taken for the A. arenarius by Hud-
lof at the Duke of Athol’s seat at ig pe [Side of Bredon Hill, Worcestershire, near the camp. Nasn. About Thorp-Arch, Yorkshire. Mr. Woop. Swaffham Heath, Norfolk. Hills near Dunstable. Woopwarv, Coast. of Angus- as plentifully. Mr, Brown. ] . P, June, July.
4
A. Stems prostrate: ' legumens nearly 3-cornered, bent glycyphy! ~ “y ie 2
e abow: leaves er than the fruit-stalks ; “teaitts
Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. se i, dan. 1108-Riv. tetr. 103, Astragalus-Kniph. 3-Trag. 599-F. B. ii. 330—Clus. ii.
233. 1—Lob. obs. 526. 1, and ic. iis 80. 1—Ger. em. 1233.
2-H, OX. ii. 9, 8. : sane aici branched, esis) gee alternate; Leafs
as with an odd one Yy oppos posite, Stung: or on very shore tak niall: most sy entire. Leaf-stalks fur- Towe ve. Fruit-stalks from the bosom of the leaves. ilats Steeni ellow, BEPSIVe in a close bunch, on short pedicles. Stipule awl-sha 1 at the base of each pedicle Woopwarb. Leaves longer than the fruit-stalks ; /eafits rather pune slightly hairy underneath. Floral-leaves very slender, as long as the
Calyx. Pollen orange-coloured. Wild Liquorice. Liquorice Cock’s-bead, or Fetch. Meado WS, Pastures, and ditch banks, especially in a.calcareous soil, About
uralen’sis,
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Astragalus:
- palceagtes [In the ditch of Northampton Castle. Mr. Near Diss, Norfolk, and Huntingdon and Coddenham,
Suffoli. Woopw. “Baydales, Darlington. Mr. oo ] P, June, July.
(2) a lare, without a leafy stem.
a Stalk upright, longer than the ne ee legumens awl- shaped, inflat ted, woolly, u t Facq. ic. i—E. bot, 46 6-Lightf. 5 at p. 401—Heall. it. helv. Q. 1. in opusc. at p. 308. and stirp. 5. 3. at p. 155. and hist. 1453. at 1. p. 195—Fl, dan. 1041, has yellow and axe: flowers.
Leaves winged ; lea epee 23 to 33, a pointed, sitting» spitebied wick small whitish hairs. Leaf-stalks with 3 impet- fect angles. Svzalks twice as ee as the leaves, cylindrical, hol-
» somewhat scored, roughis Ha e sal rather oblong. Flowiri sitting. Fleral-leaves spear-s d, shorter than the calyx. Calyx egg-shaped, inflated ; sons short. Blass. edeel or violet blue. Legum. nebo an the calyx ; somewha
ossoms ape covered with me
1nN. Whole ratte? the soft hairs. Leaf-stalk surrounded at the base with spear-shaped withered scales. Leafs 0 oval-spear-shaped,
shaped, with an e. Fruit-stalks much thicker than the 1 Fetal, but little rouge? than the leaves. © Flowers 8 or 10, crowde ° ral-leaves, the lowest longer, the rest shorter than the calyx oopwarp. It is evident that specific charac- ter and additional ee given Linnzus to his
rarely sees 20 in number. But it is equally clear Be “the se athic Linnzus refers to, belongs to Lightfoot’s highland ae so that whatever mistake exists about it, our bo- tanists are not responsible; and indeed the greater disber of errors into which they have fallen, seem to have originated with Linnzus himself. Whether our plant was at all known to him, can only be determined by his own herbarium. Hairy Cock’s-head. Mountainous aad alpine pastures in Scot- romarty, and at the bay of Farr. Mr. Ropertson.
Camn-dearg, one of the lower heads of Ben eo id Glen-
eppet Lorn, in a light sandy soil. Mr. Sruart. [On Sof h Queen’s Ferryhill, Fifeshire, Bie not so 2% n Lawers, where i it was first observed by Mr. Don. Brown. ] P, July.
TRIFO'LIUM. Flowers mostly forming a head: capsule or legumen scarcely longer than the calyx ; not opening, but falling off entire.*
he e as on
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. Trifolium. ' 631
(1) Metinots. ipa naked, \-celled, sereia! Se- Paik sed
T, Capsules 8-seeded, mostly 3 fogethet, twice as long as Bali tus
stems declining thopo-
ag 124—F, dan. 368—Ray 14. Lake 332-Pluk. 68.1. ‘diodes, aches egg-shaped. An intermediate plant between Trifo- Fie ond _Trigonella. Lixx, Stems prostrate, 2 to 5 inches long, in a.circular manner round the root. Leafis 3, sitting,
se mostly inversely heart- ap sharply and perso é serrated. Leaf-stalks long, slender. Stipule spear-shaped, sharp ly pointed, rge, in pairs at the base of the leaf-stalks. F weit stb axillary, much shorter than the leaf-stalks. Floqwers from Ito 4, but usu- ally 2 on a fruit-stalk, parallel to each other. Calyx more than half the length of the blossom, pale green, with deeper lines ; cloven half way down; segments nearly equal, awl-sha Bloss. pale red. Legumens short, thick, terminated by a ort point turned downwards, which gives them something of the ap- pearance of a bird’s claw. Woopwarp. Bird’s-foot Trefoil. Fine short dry sandy pastures and _mea- ore and amongst corn. Half a mile from phoma towards Sherborn. Near Oxford. ‘Tottlesbury, Essex, on sandy banks © by the sea side. Tothi! Fields, Weitmninetets-! Black: heath, near London. About Marazi bos Penzance, Cornwall. Mait. land Bridge, between Musselburgh and Edinburgh. [Mous- hold Heath, near Norwich, Mr. Pr TCHFORD. ] a June, July.
T, Capsules in bunches, often Sgbokd: weilik ied acute: Melilo’tus stem upright. ” officina’lis. Kniph. 7—Fl. dan. 934-Cmel, iv, 7-Sheldr. 72, Common Melilot~Ludw. 113-Ded. 567. Selah obs, 501, 25 and ice ii, 48. 2-—Ger. em. 1205. 4-Park. 719. 14° 2=+Ger. 1034. 3—Riw. tetr. 6, Melilotus—Blackw. 80~Marth. 1162-Trag. 591—H. ox. ii. 16, row 2. 2-Fuchs. 749- F. B. ii. 370-Ger. 1034. 4—Lonic. i. 106. 1. Leafits of the lower-leaves oblong-wedge-shaped, those of the 2 ag sharply serrated toothed. Sripule, the snes shaded teeth; ae upper spear-shaped, e Benches | lone Blowers bent back, scattered. Pedicles tak,
* The flowers of all the species, dried and powdered,. may be? made in to bread, which in times of scarcity, has preserved the inhabitants of Scotland from perishin ng. The leaves of all the pote fold wp before tag The Papilio Cinxia, and the Phalana Fascelina, live upon the differ-
species
te’pens,
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium.
Sa way down, segments nearly equal. Woopwarn: Bless. yellow.
Melilet Trefoil. Common Melilot. King’s Claws. Hart's Clover. Cornfie eld s, meadows, and ditch banks, in stiff soil, [Very common in Gloucesteishire.] A. Lryn. Rexx. B. Huns. |
7 June, Joly."
(2) Legumens covered; many-seeded.
Tj io like umbels: legumens 4-seeded: stem —
re wake dan. 990—Michel. 25. 3 and 4—Riv. tetr. 175 2, Trifolium repens—Vaill, 22. 1-Dod. 565-Lob. obs. 493° 2, and ic. ii. 29. 1-Ger. em. 1185. 1—Park. 1110. 1-
F. B. ii. 380, 3-H. ox. ti, 12. row 1, 2. 7. undivided, peat. a span long. Szipule circu- » but with a sharp point. Leafits nat wee ae blunt.
Jar,
Frnt very lon Resins strap-shaped, so Chaff Vane Blass. Rae: In aes above re-
_— it Piers 6 rom th rida Linn. Staple i in paits,
' oval-spear-shaped, , pea out into an awn
5 vary- ing in shape, but t generally oval and bins sharply serra rrated, with a strong mers branching ribs terminating in the serratures. Leaf-stalks and vcssuage oi long, upright, rising nearly at ri a angles from the st: Flowers in a close h
he, ; aes small, a iri 1 to each speech Cal. teeth nearly
is partly over, ss heads assume a gc a aiesitincs, the florets diverging icy the centre, ‘spreading outwards and downwards
num
White Trefil Dutch clover. Meadows ian = inert P. May ee
Var. 2. Bloodwort. Leaves of a deep purple. Sr,
* This i ts more fragrant when dry than when green. A water distilled f, b
from t wers possesses but little i! initsel your of: newt substance ances. tremely fond of it; cows, goats, eat it.
+ Horses, cows, and goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Swine te fuse it. The leaves stand a ‘against rain - Linn.— Wherever this
richness of meadows and pastnsts is Scone eine ip their Se aalng principally with the Trefoils, and others of the same cists with a due mixture of the more acceptable grasses, Pvireney's Vie
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium. ae _ Be apolifiquis Small heads of leaves growing out of the kre
~Ca = eter Limehouse and Bromley. Curr ae cestershire. St.]
TF. one like umbels: legumens 4-seeded: stem ascend- hy’bridum.
: mg. — Mich. 25. 6 and 2-Vaill. 22. 5—-Riv. 11. 2; Trifolium fl. albo. _ Stem acest 8 branched, furrowed ; — a foot high.
spear-shaped, na narrow, very sharp. Bless in
t is Probable that this plant was at first ee by the pollen of t. f 'T. re INN.
‘ther confirmation. udson _— it as growing in fee Pastures near Peckiian, and Batte P. May—Sept.
(3) Calyxes woolly. 1. Heads woolly; 5-flowered ; a rigid tuft from the centre reflected upon, an inclosing the fruit. Curt, 128-Riv. tetr. 17.2, Trifolium subterraneum-Ray 13. 2-Barr. SiH, ox. ii. 14, row 1. 5.
trate, dingoeet' in a circle round the roo tipule in pairs, Oval-spear-shaped. 3 oma long; ‘oun: Len sitting, in-
versely-heart-shaped, blunt, obscurely serra NY, espe~ cially underneath. Fruit-stalks from the bosom of the leaves,
the lower shorter, the upper as long as the leaves, with 3 or 4
flowers, yj iB tsp abs, ype isis cloven half
a down; agi eu equal, aig Pie » fringed with
Fi and narrow.
Mr Woopw. “Ta be of the bloss. very long, ‘There is some-
ah mi, rah % = Lich that its ceconomy well merits 2
trong horny stellated substance which
Stows foie gs ihe of the fruit-stalk, rae its rays
outwards and do aia: incloses and pres ses down the capsules to the ground.
Subterraneous Trefoil. Barren heaths and pastures in sandy
or gravelly soil, About London, ws ee Gamlingay by the
subterra’- neum.
634 DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium. wind Tin, and near Whitewood, Cambridgeshire. Between th
re Wool assi —Mangotsfield Common, near Bath. Mr. SWAYNE. Salt marsh at —" betwixt the town and the salt pans. ] A. May—Aug. glomera’tum, x Heads sitting, hemispherical, rigid : calyxes_ scored; eth expanded, equal. Curt, pe 882-Pluk. 113.5.
m drooping. Calyx with.10 scores, naked, disposed in a beanif Piatt the atif expan nding segments filling up the in
terstices between ae oT ms numerous, prostrate, 4 to 7 inches long, scarce perceptibly downy. Sv n_ pairs oval-spear-s r-pointed, scored, smooth, . Leaf-stalks
owed above. Leaves alternate; /eafts nearly sitting, ob-
only the mid-rib ——s intent an Goipt Heads
not ri ss. pale red; standard spear- some’ : sand keel equal. Mr. Woo D R ded Trefal. Sandy ows, pastur nd moi: héaths. Saxmundham, Soffolk. Blackheath a ae ithe, Kent. Isle of Pig ee About Norwich. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Mr. Woopwarp. Near vale re | ay, June.
sca’brum. T. Helis ake lateral, egg-shaped : segments of the
calyx unequal, stiff, bowed back.
Curt.-Barr. 870-Vaill. 33. 1-¥. B. ii. 378. 4-H. ox. ike 13.10.
Stems not much branched. Leafts oval, femme some- -
what scofloped at the edge. Heads from the s of the leaves,
hard, stif, pesaiaie nt. Calyx the outer sae longer and
hole pla Stipule aonllach terminated by an awn, scored with sed lines. “Leaf-stalks short. Leaves few; Jeafits oblong- wedge-shaped, ‘sitting. Heads somewhat oval. _ Calyx — ot the lowermost long, aie el i
$ to it
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium. —
:. Hard-bnated arti Chalky and sandy aes Chalk hills near the Thames between Northfleet and i Sea end.
“ha and in the Isle of Sheppey. Rewiiekats euidineny, Cambridgeshire. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffo Ik.’ Woopw Caister ee near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Wick Clifts.
3 Mr. Swayne. | A. May, June.
T. Heads sitting, mostly lateral, egg-shaped: calyxes scored, unded.
the upper agate sitting, downy on both sides, ribs. not strongly marked, serratutes barely distinguishable with a glass. Heads oval, woolly, sometimes on short fruit-stalks, some ter- minating, but mostly in pairs. Ca/yx just shorter than the blos-
80: res almost hid by long soft hairs: teet ual, straight, awl-shaped, not itr Bloss. pale red ; standard spear- d ; Neuss — hee - Mr, Woopwarp. The ribs upon
T. Spikes woolly, oval: teeth of the calyx bristle-shaped, woolly, equal. Dicks. b. s.—Curt.Dad. 577. 1-Lob. obs. 498. 4, ic. and ii. 39. 1-Ger. em. 1193. 3—Park. 1107. 6—H. ox. ii. 13. 8—- Fl. dan. 724-Riv. tetr. 15. Lagopus—Ger. 1023. 2-Barr. ‘901 and 902-Matth. 983—Fuchs, 494-Trag. a Age 5 a 5—Blackw. $50.
in pairs, spear-sha scored with red veins, and endin in an
awn, ee Sat short. Leafits of the lower leaves ellip- tical, of the upper nearly strap-shaped, somewhat nicked at the i 4 :
635
‘stria’tum,
arven’se.
636
me’dium..
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium. Hares-foot. Hares-foot A coe Sandy — and pi fields. [Wick Clifts. a Sw A. July, A
r. Dickenson observes, that it is highly aromatic bea dried, and that it wire its odour long.
ear Ds dwarf. Ray. 14, 2." : Root running deep. Stems trailing, 1 to 3 inches long. Fru:t-
- stalks very short. Heads numerous, roundish. Blossoms white
or pale flesh-coloured. Ditx. in R. Syn. user ss trailing. Leafits rather elliptical, blunter than in 1, and by no means so pointed as
T. Spikes te blossom nearly regular: ‘stipule awl- shaped, converging: stems zigzag, branched. Arz. Facq. austr. 38C-E. bot. 190-FI. dan. 662.
Rost scarry slender, cites tough, very lores brown, perennial, above with y heads, and somewhat shrubby. Szems several, simple, one eylindcl or slightly scans a % to 1 foot hig ‘ mo So almost all the © joints,
with a slight hairiness on both — and cathe at the edges sometimes nearly smooth ; those of the lower leaves blunt and nicked at the end; those of the rest rather pointed. Spike roundish, pleasing to the eye and. smell, nearly a gene- rally single, sometimes 2, slightly woolly. _Ca/. smooth, with 10 scores ; tee th green, beset with scattered ie ay the ae
most equal in length to the tube of the blossom, the rest gradu-
-ally-shorter. Jaco. Differs from T, pratense as follows: Leaves
longer, more strongly ribbed, smoo vests — Stipule speat- ped, green, not awned. Hart Leaves longer and narrowely —
and i Wie Sh deeper colour dan dione of ee Saws Clover. he :
opt Foe . iad Trefoil. Trifel. i eng: Huds, ed. n. Lightf, Trifol. flexuosn ws se d Bot. arr — ed: its! Teme mts wec. Perennia Marle Graste Hups.—Pastures and sides of hedges. Ras. 2 Shes of woods. Jaco.—Mountainous pastures. Hups. At the foot of the High- hand mountains in moist and tse places. Licutr, In Skit.
%
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium.
637
ith and other mountainous woods and pastures in the north, most
plentifully. Curt. [High pastures, usually among bushes, and “an woods and ditch banks. Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. _ Mr. Woonwih. Grows commonly in hedges or in woods, seldom in the open ground. dine 48 in Shortwood near Pucklechurch, Gloucest. Mr. Swayne. | -P. July.*
T. Spikes crowded: blossoms unequal : calyx with 4 of the teeth see stipule awned : stems ascending. ee
Fuchs. aie 586-F. Bs ii. 374-Ger. 1017. 1-Matth. 835—Riv. tetr. 11. 1, Trifolium—Blackw,. 20-Kuniph. i- Lonic. i. 104. 4.
Spike sin * Sitting between 2 opposite sitting leaves, the stipule of w are somewhat egg-shaped, dilated, membrana ceous, iehinves with red veins, and form a kind of common calyx. Cal. of the fruit with 5 awns or bristles, the 4 uppermost very much expanding, but the 5th and ‘lowermost aoe. Linn. Flowers upright, when out of blossom hanging down. Leafits
of the lower-leaves roundish, those of the upper oval, slightly
praten’se.
downy, dark blackish green, wk a Whitish angular mark in the -
Centre. Stipule the upper oval, terminated by an awn, scored
scored with ted veins ; “eat ia tle sa Sonlk > usuall tinge d with le. Blass of sige tube Jon ; standard
ossom. AFZELIUS. oat piety yc Trefoil. Cow Clover, Ch- ver-grass, Meadow stures. B. May —Sept.t Var. 2. smaller. tan me ped heart-shaped, the upper Senerally opposite. ‘Spike bare. Ray Ray 13. 1.
* Cattle are not fond of it till it is touched by the frost. From the information of a farmer, to whom I pointed out the growing plant in S 0
as t scarcity of provisions bread has Bay ay f the flow- bdiaxg na Bea re iyat Ss weden to dye hada green. With alum they give a light, with pean a dark green
638
ochroleu’-
1m,
DLADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium.
The English botanists have considered this as a smaller var. of T. pratense, the stipule being awned and the teeth of the
titu thie bes eaves. M. een in neni tre i. ‘237. n Peckham and a was 3. cultivated. Larger and more st than 1, Leaves somewhat eale r and thinner. Flowers somewhat paler. Does not propagate itself by seed, or continue so long in the ground. Ray.
FI, dan. Fs
but size. Mr. Woopwarp. Sr. Mr, Swayne thinks it speci- fically arene from the wild sort, whose heads are ata but these are ov
Broad C. alee. Meadows and pastures.*
Var. 4. Flowers cream-coloured. ti
A specimen of this rare plant was sent to me by the Rev. Mr. Swayne, dectininsasien by the following observations. « A var. of Trifolium Nees with'a yellowish white ower, found in a field belonging to Tracy Park, near Bath. I am confident it is a var. of Tr. pratense, as it exactly resembled that species in every et but colour, and was the only plant of that colour in the whole eld; indeed the only one [have ever seen.’
On comparing the specimens sent by Mr. Swayne with the Tr. pratense, and Tr. ochroleucum, I am persuaded that his opi- nion is perfectly right. ‘The 'structure in all respects cit ntepciids with the a mide the general hairiness, the long awns to a ang the very long tooth of the calyx so ae in the latter.
ie “Ses hk Eee dnacht pubescent : lower leafits
nyersely haped: lower tooth of het 2 calyx as long as ‘Hie ‘abe of the blossom, Dicks. b. s.-Curt.—Facq. austr. 40. Upper-leaves narrow, very entire. Spikes on on fruit-stalks, ob- — Calyx Se ees rmost tooth the longest. B/oss. brimstone- ured. Linn. more Rea ie Es of pot res ig 3 he
* Much cultivated. It is either pred, = made into hay. Swine, goats, horses, and cows are fond pe —Seldom remains in the ground more than 2 years, Mr. Woop
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium,
ones heart-shaped and egg-shaped in the same plant. Woopw. These circumstances, sean with the great length of the lower tooth of the calyxs on enna it from the yellow- aoe var. of the Tr. pra Ray’s ier ri een pratense Birnton majeh pons albo-sulphureo, a species as Mr. Hudson had deter.
ione Brimstone 1 refoi r dows and astures, and thickets, BI
fordshire, Dupper’s Hill, ay Ti and near n8 amford.
= , Spikes oer, globular: stipule siicar anand, aptipne: alyx teeth s
spreading and dilated after flowering eats iver egg-spear-shaped ; upper leaves op-
we “ neat. bot. 220-H. ox. iis 14, upper left hand figure —— 113. 4
ti out, set fringed with long hairs. Shoes the upper ropeeaie heafits of the lower-leaves oblong- wedge-shaped, of the upper ob- Ong-wedge-spear-shaped. Leaf-sta/ks short. Frwit-stalks longer than the leaf-stalk. Head: oie Calyx as long as the semen rin
with long =. bios pale dish purples standard spear- » keeled ; sh poy jovi e base ; £ce/ as long as the wings. Mr. Woopw Teasel-headed Trefoil. Tr. llc Huds. oa: ii. and Bot. arr. but not Tr. stellatum o Common on the Southern
(4) Buapper TreFoILs. Calyxes np and lellying.
T. Heads roundish : calyx of the fruit ee upper
lip 2-toothed, inflated: stems creepin | Dicks. b, s.~Curt.Fl. dan. 1049~Vaill. 22. 2- 7. B. ii. 379. 3. b.—H. sox. ii, 13. 14-Clus. cur. 39-Ger. em. 1208-
we 1109, 5.
s throwing out roots. Frzit-stalks longer than the leaves. Caben a little downy, nearly globular, woolly, (the upper part) with 2 teeth, the lower at the base with 3 teeth. Bloss. white
639
marit'imum,
fragi ferum,
640°
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Trifolium.
with ‘us, but in other countries reddish. Linn. Bloss. purples _
Stipule in pairs, oval-spear-shaped, drawn out into a long —_ smooth, Leafits heart or egg-shaped, smooth, very slightly rated. Fruit-stalks naked, longer than the leaf-stalks. Mr. OODWARD. Seracabergy Trefoil. Moist meadows. About London, fre- quent. —- places near the sea in the county of Durham. Mr. Rosson. } P. Avg.
(5) Hor Treroizs. Standard of the bloss. bent inwards,
preeum/bens. T. Spikes oval, closely tiled, many-flowered : stems wide spreading.
filifor’me.
Curt. 161; T. agrarium-Vaill. 22. 3-Riv. tetr. 10. 1, T. lupulinum—Fl. dan. 796-Wale.-F. B. ii. 381, 1-H. ox. i. 13. 1, and 2, the uppermost of the 2 figures.
Differs from the T. agrarium in having smaller flowers, and its long stems entirely Similar to T. fli formes but larger, and has often 10 to 12 owers in a head, not scored, When sown too proves distinct. Linn. og branched, slightly downy. Stipule in pairs, oral spaeeahaiel, not endin in an awn. Leaf-stalks short. Leaves alternate; leafits espahepe or obtusely oval, smooth, slightly serrated, the terminating one ona pedicle, 1 to 13 line long, the side ones nearly sitting. Frait-sta/ks numerous, “from the bosom of the leaves, solitary, longer than the leaf-stalk. Floqwers upright, yellow, after flowering turning brown, and bent back. Pedicles short. Fioral-Jeaves minute, awl-shaped, 1 at the base of each pedicle. B/oss. standard egg-shaped, scored, flat. Mr. Woopw- Leaves with about 10 or 12 semi-transparent lateral ribs. ‘The plant considered by the English pain as the Trifolium agrarium, is the 'Tr. umbens of Linnzus, but all he syno- mbit a by Linnzus to the T. agrarium heioog to the T.
rocumbens, except that of Dodonz sine which is e Medicago lupulina.. The Trifolium procumbens of English bechis is con- sidered by Linnzus only as a i of the Tr. Mr. AFzELtIus. Hop Trefoil, Dry meadows and pastures, A, June.
ae Spikes oval, loosely tiled, few-flowered: stems trailing. Ray. 14. 4. Differs from T. procumbens as follows: When wild scarcely
12 to 15, Y ice on more obvious pedicles. In the T. procam- bens the fruit-stalks are as thick as a thread, not to mention
DIADELPHTA. DECANDRIAY Trifolium.
difference of the leaves and habit: Stems thréadlike. Leafits notched at the end, scored. Fruitistalks longer than the leaves. Flowers bent down. Pedicles of the fruit clear and distinct. Linn, Seed 1. Leers. Stems 3 to G'inches long. Stipyle i _ pairs, oval-spear-shaped, Leaf-stalks very short. Leafits-mostl
heart wed » very entire atthe base,’ serrated
strongly veined, smooth, nearly sitting. Fruit-stalks po - bosom
of the leaves smooth. Fi owers when wild mostly 3y oak more than 5, . Pedicles extremely slender, from } to’ line. meng : tecer awl-shaped, very minute, 1 at the ay ss the dicle of middle flower, none on the others. long as the blossom, with 5 scores; the 2 upper ide shortest the er longer,’ the lowermost t the Jon gest. Bloss. oa ‘yellow ;
standard exg-shaped, somewhat nickeds & keeled. Mr. DWARD Small Trefoil. Least Hop Trefoil. Poor apd) heat aoa pastures. [Salt Marsh at Lymington. ] © A. May—July.
Var. 2. Lesser Hop Trefoil. Spikes from $ to 20 7 ay Curt, 307 ; Tr. procumbens—Ray 14. 3. at > 332~H. ox. ii. 13. Land 2. b, the lowermost of the 2 figures—Lob. abs. 468.1, and ic. ii. 29. 2-Ger. em. 1186. 6+Park. 1111. 5. _ Stems numerous, 6 to 12 inches long, much branched. Stipule in pairs, tin oval-spear-s haped. Leaf-stalks short. Leafits heart-wedge -shaped, very entire towards the base, serrated F hm rod one on a ‘short leaf-stalk, the side one nearly Sitting, smooth. Frzit-stalks from the bosom of the leaves, longer Pei feat ak eet come Pedicles very short. ‘Floral-
Floawer.
‘Upper teeth shor thie lower hein i more pointed. Standard
ps “shaped, pointed. Mr. Woon - Stem a little hairy. efits Dively “Watt: shaped, mmid-tib a s Hittle hairy underneath, lateral
2 and may be found in almost every dry sandy or gravelly cried ‘specially where the turf is — bat ot el a og in s cording to the Aor ie or pover
P'August,
by T, Without stem or stalk : Aawerk his sitting on the
Facq. hort. 60.
vw Blowers tn as sitting, axillary, as it were bianseadeidt:
Calyx , compressed, smooth, 5-cleft, segments
back, Bhs wlan the sibs of the calyx, colourless, Leaves in
threes, inversely egg-shaped, smooth, somewhat toothed. Lixn.
as ray cloven, bristles » Legum, 2-seeded ; not longer 7 OL. ITI, Uv
641 -
~
sufoca’tum,
642 DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Lotus.
than the calyx. poe ate mae of the plant, except the leaves, is buried in has been overlooked on this account, nothing eo being visible, nee 4 thought of pulling them up for examination, but on putting down a knife or a stick the w may be raised, and then its flowers and ty come into view. ‘The clusters in some of the older plants as large as a small nut. Mr. Woopwarp.° First found in England by Mr. —_ on the driest sandy er of Yarmouth Denis, near the s A. June—Sept.
LO'TUS. Calyx tuba wings converging length- wise and upwards: Jegumens straight, gene- rally with cells,
cornicula‘tus. L, Heads of the flowers flatted at the top: stems herba- .__ ceous, trailing: legumens cylindrical, expanding.
Fl. dan. 991-Curt. 107~Kniph. 7-Ger. 1022. 6-F. B. ii 355—Wale.—Dod. 573. 2-Lob. obs. 501. 2, and ic. ii. 44 1—Ger. em. 1190, 5-H. ox. ii. 18, 10—Anderson, Astra- galus glycyphyllus~Fuchs, 527-Trag. 594—Lonic. i. 106.3«
Bloss. sweet-scented. cae Seeds more than 20, Curt.
Calyx i in this and all the varieties fringed with long soft hairs. Petals all on ee te claws. Legum. smoo'
by a lon camight point. teens Heads with
a single sitting lea e base. Mr. sara Flowers in flatted heads, in a sort cof pes with very short spokes. Blass.
; wings oblong-egg-sha "Birds. foot Claver. Meadows, pastures, heaths, road on P. June
Var. 2. Lys. Larger: stem more upright. Riv. tetr.76. 1, Lotus.-F. B. ii. 356. 1.
Leaves, and especially the unexpanded heads, with a good deal of woolliness. Ray. Stem sr. Bas 2 feet high, hardly an- - Leaves veined underneath. Lyons. Stipi Ee ee
» Or roundish, but oe in a point. Mr.
* The flowers become greenish when dried: in which t respect they resemble the ees of the plants which produce Indigo, Cows, goatss horses eat heep and swine are not fond of it. Thrips Physap io Sound: pune sine. in Hertfordshire i it is cultivated as pasturage io sheep. Ber. arr. ed. 1,—It is strongly recommended by Mr. ‘ane Cvurr.—There is * dsube b tae it might be cultivated to “In moist meadows it grows to a great height, and much PT recky than on pe the Sag or Medicago lupulina, and makes extremely good hay:
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Medicago.
Loti pamaiedsiee major species. R. Syn. 334. (St.) Woods,
moist meadows ges, [and sides of wet ditches. Sr.]
P. June—Aug.
Var. 8. tenuissimus. Linn. Should seem to be a tines Stems twice as long and narrow as those of 1. Leaves st
Legumen i ri ~ ph a shrubby. Ray. Stipules .strap.
spear-shaped bees fs ‘felis varices et angrsoiba Hart, 385 4 II. (Sr) )
Cornfields and moist places. Ray.—In the neighbourhood of
Worcester. Sr.
M Marg te Like 2. but less hairy. Ray. Whole plant downy. tr W Saini :priapbles medius me R. Syn. 334. (Sr. ) Inthe
fields be er-huff’s.
ae Vat 8. taped hoary sdaiihate Chalk pits at Greenhithe. Ray.
Var. 6. smecth. Plant entirely hairless ; stipulz half-egg. bab TE filaments club-sha ;
High grounds North o Marlboroug h. June, The common trailing sort, and hon yakcinind, which “a. woods, ought, I think, to be specifically distinguished. . The Le. gumens of the former grow sachally 5 re = of the latter
. - The seeds
much devoured by the /arve of pine considerably larger than those of the other. Mr, SWAYNE. _ It is certainly to be wished that some person would cultivate varieties in order to ascertain their more accu- tately. Var. 3 with cap-shaped leaves differs ag much in its habit and in its flowering head from ——
MEDICA’GO. Pistil bent, pressing down the keel and springing out of it with a jerk: S. vess.
a legumen, compressed, bent, or twisted ly:
spiral M. fog in bunches : legumens narrow; regular, twist- ed: stem upright, smooth.
Kniph. 8—Clus, ii. 242. 2-Lob. obs. 498. 1, and ic. ii. 36. 2 =Ger, em. 1189. 2—Park. 1114. 1H. ox. ii. 16, row 1, 2-and ii, 15, row 3e II.~7. B. ii, 378. I.
Stems scored, declining. Branches alternate. Stipule spear-
ending in an awn. Leaf stalks short. Leafits 3 toge- ther, elliptical, entire at the base, serrated upwards, the mid-rib into a thorn-like point, slightly downy above, smoot
scored with veins underneath, on leaf-talks, that of the tes-
uu2
sati'va.
falca’ta.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Medicago. one the longest. Frwit-stalks from the bosom of the
‘eave es, longer than the leaves. Bunches thick. Pedicles shorts
Floral-leaves aw\-shaped, ‘1 at the base of each pedicle. Cal. nearly smooth ; teeth-awl-shaped, nearly equal. Bloss. purple.
Legum. twisted spirally with 2 or 3 distant turns. WoopwaRd. —
Lucern Medick. Meadows, pastures, and dite banks. P. June, July.*
M. Flowers in bunches :; legumens dresvent-strapell stem prostrate. vad FI. dan. 233—Kniph. 11—Riw. tetr. 84, Falcata ;-H. ox. ike 16. row 1,1, and ii. 15. row 3. 1—Clus, ii. 243. 1-Ger.
em. 1191. 8—Park, 1114. 3-¥. B. ii. 383. 2. Stems cylindrical, smooth, slightly nee declining. Sui-
ar-shaped, almost all at t he base, and some almost at the top of the branches, with 1 or,2 teeth on the outer edge. Leaf-stalks short. Leaves smooth, 3 together; /eafts elliptical or wedge-shaped, entire at the base, serrated
projecting thorn-like point. Fruit-stalks longer than the leaves. Bunches rather loose. Floral-leaves awl-s - Cal. slightly downy ; teeth awl-shaped, equal. Bloss. yellow or ‘purple. Legum. crescent-shaped, terminated by a long claw. Seeds 5 or 6, com- pressed, fixed to the inner suture. ego —s Medick. Butter-jags. Balks of cornfields, and od
—e Between Watford and Bushy-Hill. Ray.—
orwich, plentifully. Mr. Ross [and Mr. Wooownna) Duly A
* Modern writers pos penensmgef strongly pecan! the cultivee this plant, for the purpose of feeding catt x bee it is not bee a8 st be though i in the neighbourhood o of Tork n peopje seem be soil; a in such, will comeadae . flourish toss years, pee Ps Peo ever, tf kept free from w' One pound of Lucerne-seed contains storm 150,000 seeds ha posing only one seed in three to vegetate and to survive accidents, one pound would produce 59,000 plants. Millar adduces various pei
tacts relative to its utilit ty, and we have ascertained that halt acre of
then prov es a powerful dit
orses occasion the staghtrs: Pigs eatts it ‘preedilys aa cows rs fatten on it.
an barren. sandy .places it is well worth the trouble of
fe thing: for “ purpose of making hay. A practice long seg aucoate some pa
rts of Sweden, Cows, horses, goats, and sheep eat it.
DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA. Medicago. 645 M. Spikes oval: S. vanea kidney-shaped, with 1 cell and Jupuli‘na. ailing.
1 seed: stems
Fl, dan. 992—Curt. ti 11-Riv. tetr, 8, Melilotus minima~H, oxi, 15. row 4, f.—Fuchs. 819-Trag. 593— m F. Bz ii. 380. 4—Dod. 576. 2—Ger. em. 1186. 5—Park. 1105. 6—H. ox. ii. 16. 8—Ger. 1020. 2—Lonic. i. 106, 4. Legumens scored, wrinkled, somewhat rough with stiff hairs. Linn. Szems, “unless supported by other plants, trailing. sraneees rw humerous, anal: Stipule oval. arshs
‘the blossom ; teeth awl-shaped, the 2 u ‘th ones rather shorter. Blass. yellow. linge cone black when ripe. Woopwarp.
A. May—Avg.*
Var. eee about 10, slightly compressed, rough with
numerous tubercles. Ray H. ox. ii. 15. 4
Medica polycarpos Aes minore eee scabro, R. Syn. 933.—Medica cochleata, &c. H. ox. ib.—The rest of the sy- Ronyms in the Fl. Angi. belong to 1. S
a near Le tine addiegeie, and behind Pindar’s. —
9 near E nfield
Var. 3. aaa ple not set with stiff hairs. ais Bes Straeed was discovered, and communicated by
Mr. R.
M. Fruit-stalks with 2 or 3 seed-vessels : legumens prickly: arab’ica.
stipula toothed : leafits scviesly enbsibe stems spreading. Curt. 176-Cam. hort. 27-Ger, 1021. 4—Ger. em. 1190. 4~ Park, 1115. 6-H. ox, ti. 15. row 2. 12.
ts with a spear-shaped blood-coloured spot, which after flowering ¢ disappears. Flowers four or five. Fruit with widely diverging t clea Legumens ae at t the base, narrowing
Ss, horses, goats, and sheep it; but it is less grateful to them
than, tn other species. Linn. It is cu cultivated in Norfolk under the
name of Nonsueh, and is usually sown mixed with Rye-grass ‘Lalium fe-
renne.} The crop is sae called black and w rhite Nonsuch. r. Woopw. 1n the {sle of Wight I ha ye gi
646
min’ima,
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Medicago.
wards the top ; wreathes flat ; prickles expanding, hooked at the ends. Linn. Stem 4- cornered, with long whitish hairs below, smooth above. Leaf-stalks cylindrical, channeled, hairy in like
aly on the sea shore, Ww Sy in Mr. Crowt.— ows near the Hotwells, Bristol, Mr. Swaynt. —West of
Bridport plentiful. } A. May, June.
Var, 2. & enon Fruit-stalks mostly 2-flowered : lower le-
bys gumens spirally wreathed, thorny, the upper somewhat bowe#- prmketie
t does not appear e may how ‘ier chia pine t of “Mr. Hi Hed. son’s differs from the preceding. ; Near Charlton in Kent. A. May.
M. Legumens ene 3 on a fruit-stalk : prickles hooked : stipule enti H. ox. ii. 15. row 2. 15=F. Be ii. “386. b.-Riv, tetr. 88; Cochleata, row 4. f. 4, ech. min.-F. B. it. 386, 2. a Park. 1115.7. a—Fl. dan. 211. Legumens several, scarcely larger than the seeds of Orobus the spirals rough with thorns, bowed back —— ie
INN. old shell as represented in F. B. ii. 386. 2. a; fie ing ‘deep, white, tough, of the size of small twine, with a few stiff fibres.
ig ie upwards, with strong rib nating in sef- ratures, notched at the end with an intermediate rojecting piu Fruitcstalls as long as. the leaves. Flowers from 1 to 6, in a
loose head, Fight u a) icles. .Ca/. teeth 5, awl- ap as long as the body of the c oid small, pale yellow. Les i - Woo
y places, but rather rare. Ee —[Na arborough, neat Swaffham, recs rte in a very light sand. A. Mr. Woopwaro.]
POLYADELPHIA, POLYANDRIA. Hypericum. 647
M. Fruit-stalks many-flowered: legumens roundish, murica’ta. thorny, hoary: leaves woolly. Pluk. 113. 6—H. ox. ii. 15. 11. Thorns on the fruit not rigid. Pru At Orford in Suffolk on the sea beak close by the 7 len. tifully. Ray. ple
CLASS XVIIL. POLY ADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA.
HYPE’RICUM. Cal. with 5 divisions ; beneath: Bloss. 5 ae Styles 1, 3 or 5: Capsules 1,3 to 5- celled.
POLYANDRIA.
HYPE’RICUM. Cal. with 5 divisions: petals 5: Jilaments numerous, united at the base into 3 or 5 seeds: capsule with 3 or 5 cells, and many seeds. (1) Styles 3: Stems shrub-like. __ H, Fmuit like a berry: stem 9-edged. Androsce’= Curt. 965-Dod. 78. 2-Lob. obs. 357. 3, and ic. i. 632,1- ™um- Ger. em. 543. 1—Park. 576. 1~Blackw. 94—Ger. 435- Hi. ox. v. 6. 12. ite, sitting, smooth, entire, egg-shaped; at oe ene eee the ee Laeresy very large, those eof the pe in size as they approach the summit 8g to spear. shaped. Cal. Ae ate unequal. Berries black when ripe. Mr. Woonwa ARD. Flowers yer a: together. Fruit-stalts cylindrical, smooth. Ca/. the outer segments much larger. tals yellow, concave, oe unequal at the end from = hallow in the margin on one si Tutsan. Park-leaves, Woods and moist hedges. [Woods at Wick Clifts. Mr. Swate, Near Pengwarry, Cornwall, in
-
648.
POLYADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Hypericum.
_ditches.-Mr. Warr. Duke of Bridgenate 's woods at Askeridge, ” and near Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. Mr. Woopwarp. hate
at the foot of Malvern: Hill, sa Suleiir ae St. Rocky
in Westmoreland, frequent. ‘Mr. cu. Ina deep holloway in a ma rly = between Worcester Seed eas
(0) Styles 3: Stems herbaceous.
quadran’gu- H. Leaves egg-shaped, with pellucid dots: stem 4-cor- lum. * nered. «
perforal tum.
Curt. 231—-E. bot. 370+Fl. dan. 640-Trag. 73. 2-Matth. 937—Doed. 78. 1—Lob. obs. 216, and ic. 399. 1-Ger, em. 542-Park, 575=Ger. 434—H. ox. v. 6./10—Per. 60. 11.
Stem reddish, smooth. Branches opposite wer leaves
sitting, sage the upper i together, egg-shaped, with 7 or Ori with a net-work of vei Bites transparent glands in the i sietiticeds though not very be ; discernible when viewed with glass in a strong light. Eieal- pbuh: awl-shaped, in pairs. Mr. Woopw.. Stem branched ; edges membranaceous, marked with short dark purple Levees streaks. Leaves in
yellow, ribbe ly marked with dark purple lines and dots, aaa with a oe liquor, which stains. paper witha muddy" pu permanent stain. “Am — with a small black
Sly St. Fobn’s-wort. Si. Peter’s-wort. Moist hedges and shady places. [Bogs in Cornwall. Mr. Wart. Wick Clifts. Mr. Swayne. About Manchester. Mr. rae
P, July.
H. Stem ozedged: leaves blunt; with pellucid dots. dadw. 11-Curt.-E. bot. 295—Mill. ill.-Blackw. 15—-Woodv. _ ps 29-F i. dan. 1045—Kziph, 3-Dod. 76. 1—Lab. obs. 216. “1, and ic. i. 398. 1 1-Ger. em. 539, 1-Park, 573. 1—Pet.
So. 5—Maith. 936-Ger. 432. 1-Fuchs. 831-Trag. 72. 1-H, Ox. v.0. 1.
cylindrical, ges running pa the * the leaves to the bottom ete below, beset above with small black dots.
sometimes 5, semi-transparent lines, with several black dots near the edges on the under side; the semi-transparent dots numerous
»#ruit-stalks trom the bosom of the upper leaves. Calpa’y 88°
_
POLYADELPHIA. POLY ANDRIA. Hypericum,
ar-shaped, ending ina taper ‘point... Peta/s ribbed
~~ a of ike with dark purple gr one-of the sides very”
entire at the edge, the other serrate Stam. 30 or more... Ane thers with a globular black gland at the top ‘between. the lobes.
Germ. egg-shaped, Styles thread-shaped, yellow. Suskeice some.
times crim:
te aes St. Fobun’s-wort. 'T. hickets, woods, hedges, dty : banks. [Wick Clifts. Mr. Swayne. ] P. July.*
H. Stem imperfectly 4-edged: leaves blunt: svithiont pel- lucid dots: calyx leaves elliptical. “E. bot. E. bot. 296,
Stems several, 2 to 3 feet high; upright, imperfectly 4-cor- nered ; sprinkled with black dots. Leaves large, embracing the stem, egg-shaped, very thin and skin. ee at the edge, with black dots underneath. Ca/yx leafits re blunt, yellow green, marked with short black lines. Petals large, very entire, yellow, with black lines ge ne: a few eres spots underneath the edge. Leers. Mr. Bourne observes that the petals in the, plants
1. Sewakp of are growing plentifully a A A od diganshire, and in Mr.
Knight’s woods at Downton Castle, near Ludlow, - Dr. Smita. See E, bot. In Mr. Digby’ s sisteatien. at Meriden, Warwicksh, P. July, Aug.
649
du’bium,
H, Flowers axillary, na stems 2-edged, prostrate, humifu'sum. _ thread- ooth. :
ead-shaped: leaves s
Curt, 162—F/. dan. 141~Clus. ii. 181. 3—Dod. 76. 2—Lob. ic. i. 400. 1-Ger. em. 541. 4—Pet. 60. 8-Trag.72. 2-F. B. iii. 386. 1-H, ONe Ve 6. i
* This plant has long held a place i in the rar medica, but its use is very much undetermined. The semi-t t dots on the leaves, are the mn tail ofan essential oil. The leaves given in Siretance, # are Said to destro . Thefl colour, which is probally derived from the little glands upon Bi sate, and upon t ges of the petals. Cows, goats, and sheep ea
th Wales fix sprigs of this plant’over their doors, and sometimes over ely windows, in order to purify their houses, and by that means —_ away all fiends, on evil spirits, in the same manner as the Druids wer accustomed.to do rvain. Birdley' Te
650°
elo’des.
POLYADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Hypericum.
Stems numerous. Leaves opposite, sitting, egg-shaped, or bluntly oval, entire, with 7 veins, with semi-transparent dots not distinguishable but with a glass and a strong light. Fruit-stalks also terminating. Floral-Jeaves none. Mr. Woopw. Stems some- what flatted. Leaves oblong, smooth, set with glands near the wigrs a with semi-transparent lines. F/owers sometimes in
x segments unequal, spear-shaped, terminated by a inal cioe a little toothed at the edges, marked with dark uae spots and streaks. Peta/s yellow, with a tinge of red-on the outside, set with a few blackish glands at the end. Stam in 3 sets, 5 or 6 in each. Axthers without glands. Summit abe times tinged with red.
ris mgs $e Fak Wort. Meadows, pastures, “>, {and
oods, ck’s Wood, near Worcester, Sr. Stuston Com- mon, ees Dien Norfolk, Mr. Woopwarp. Malvern Coed Worcestershire. Mr. Battarp. Wick Clifts, Mr. Swayne. Manchester race ground. Mr. Cavey. ] P. July.
Var. 2. Leaves growing by threes.
H. Stem asa: creeping, woolly: leaves woolly, roundish. :
Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. 109—Pe?. 60, 12. ,
Stems trailing and creeping. Flowering branches ascending,
5 or 6 inches high. Leaves sitting, frequently slightly nicked
- the — ith © ribs, and — dots not visible but with a glass,
mi- nute, reddish, edged w with red glands, a pair beneath each divi- sion. Calyx ‘reddish, about 1-ith as long as the blossom, deeply divided; segments oval, edged with minute red glands. Bioss. reddish yellow, usually closed, twisted spirally, sometimes me folded up. Mr. Woopwarp. Stem 3 to 8 inches long. Leaves
opposite. Fruit-stalks smooth, terminating. Petals yellow, with 8 greenish lines, and a small greenish gland on the inner side the claw. Filaments in 3 sets, about 3 in one set, 4 in another, and . in the thir age St. Jobn’ s Wort. -Marshy places, in a pea gy Sag Ae in — not ufrequent Ah gare ge Norwich warp. Bog at Cosgarne, Cornwall. Mr. Warr. Bogs on beeen Heath. ] P. July
monta'num, HH, Calyx serrated with genes: stem cylindrical, upright: th.
leaves egg-shaped, sn E. bor. 371.—Fl. dan. 173-Col. mabe: 74. 1-Trag. 73. 3— Pet. 60. 7-F. B. iii. 383. 2-H. ox. v. 6. O-Fuchs. 74+ Floraleleaves at the top of the stem, small, and fringed with
POLYADELPHIA. POLYANDRIA. Hypericum.
‘glandular hairs, which is not the case with H. Bi rsytum, Linx. Stem upright, cylindrical, smooth. Leaves in pairs, a, ege-
the. the upper-lea Floral-le eaves, fruit-stalks, and calyxes beset with strong ba each terminated as black gland. Calyx di- ee nas o the base; segments spea ar-shaped, pointed. um
Woo pper-lea teansparen Mott; visible to the naked eye, in the lowermost pairs only d i towards the base. Bloss. yellow. Sr. ain St. Fobn’s Wort. Woods and thickets, in moun- vis stenathies Frequent in the West of England. Charlton a
[Bat Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. ate Near a
ag Well. Mr Jackson. Many barren places in Furness Fells, Mr. Atxtyson, ] Pz July.
H. Calyx serrated with glands: wee ee a: leaves egg-shaped, somewhat dow Curt. 182-Kniph. 8-Pet. 60. on OX» Vs . 11—Fi. dan, 802—Fuchs. 76-F. B, iii. 382, The fower'’s close in the night, which ie of the H. perfora- tum do not. Linn. Stem upright, nearly cylindrical, with a ‘brownish short wool. Leaves in cross pairs, those of ig egg-
Tatures at the Calyx se 8 spear. shape with about a oes ret ach sto ut 24, Ges egg- — eet tread. ese yellow. Summits crimson. Hairy St. Fobn’s Wort. Thickets and hedges. [Wick Clifts. Mr. Sale At the foot of I nglchoroughy near to Gaur)
H, mes serrated with aes stem lind: leaves mbracing the stem, heart-shaped, smooth. Cort dan. 75-Wale.-Trag. 7 4—Pet. m5 6—Lonic. i. 130. a Bui ili, 383. ke Stem upright, often red. Leaves in distant pairs, ae obtusely egg-shaped, green above, sea-green beneath, with AuMerous semi-transparent dots. Flowering branches from the
hirsu’tum.
pul’chrum,
SYNGENESIA,
hose af the upper leaves, alcndet, with 1 or more flowers at the
end, and ' or 2 small leaves. Floral-leaves none. Calyx very
yet nee divided ; segmen ts oval, blunt ; glands, black.
bial set at Ene ios ash black gn ands. Woopwarp. . Stem
- Lea alyx and petals, edges set
Fak darkccoloured Fgh i Pile si SHADE oo In 3 sets, in each set. Axthers sca
oe a sloping bank near the wall on the East side..of Edgbaston ; » Miss Wirueaine. | P. June; July.
Clase SYNGENESIA. ZHQUALIS.
(1) All the Florets strap-shaped. CICHO’RIUM..... Hetepraclesonmma ately : Down haff-like: Cal, double. HYPOCHA’RIS . oh Neato chaffy: Down some- what feathered: Cal, tiled. TRAGOPO’ GON. . - Receptacle naked : Down feather- ed ; on a pedicle: Cal. simple.
PYCRISS 503,05 Receptaile naked: Down feather- : ed; on a pedicle: Cad. double. LEON’TODON..... Receptacle naked: Down on a pe-
dicle: Cal. tiled; scales flex- ible.
CRE’PIS. .......2. Receptacle bake ike : at, datble; vith be ert OF. different shapes. PRENAN’T CoN er om een Down hair-like: rf $i astige containing about i
SYNGENESIA.
LACTU’CA....... Receptacle naked : Down hair-like ; on a pedicle: Cal. tiled; scales skinny at the edges.
HIERA’ CIUM. .... . Receptaclenaked : Downhair-like;
sitting Cal. tiled; egg-shap-
porwcrtUe. oe. Receptaclenaked: Down hair-like 5
sitting: Cal. tiled; bellyi
Ey (at the ba se.) y ng
LAPSANA. ces “Receptacle naked Down none: ible,
TU oERis:.. > «5 feaapeat jk: : Down hair-like; ae y encompassed by awned chaff: Cal, equal.
(2) Flowers in globular heads.
GARONA, .) . <5 Cal, radiate: Rays coloured.
ARC TIUM.: «:. 5:00 Cal. scales bent inwards at the points, and hooked.
CAR’DUUS. . . Cal. with rice scales ; bellying: Recept. hai
ONOPOR’ DON... . . Cal. with pore iii ect Recept. like a honey-c
SERRA’TULA. .... Cal. nearly cylindrical ; ; Brey : scales rather acute but not thornlike
[Centaurea nigra. |
~ (8) Florets all tubular. EUPATO’RIUM. . es naked: Down feathered : tiled: Pistil very long.
SANTOLI’NA, ... capa haffy: Down none: Cal. tiled ; hemispheric cal.
BY'DENS, cide kan Beni or : Down awn-like :
[Senecio Negri Tanacetum Wk Tussilago Peta- Aster Tripolium.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. eoalif - (1) Florets all tubular. ARTEMIS‘IA...... iiae * almost naked : Down none: pass Florets in the circumference : without a pefal. TENACETUM..... Recept. naked: Down only a sort of border: Bloss, of the cir- ' __ cumference 3-cle : CONY’ZA... .«+.- Recept. naked tex. hair-like:
on of the circumference 3- cleft
GNAPHA’LIUM. . . Recept. seas: : Down feathered, or hair-like : Ca/. with skinny ~ concave scales.
Sera vulgaris. Tussilago Petasites, hy brida, Aster Erigeron. Bidens. ] : ‘
(2) Flowers radiate. BEathdlos - ss v5 Recept. naked: Down none: Cal. | simple, with equal scales. MATRICA/RIA. . chee Ta naked: Down none: Cal. iled ; scales acute. CHRYSAN’THEMUM. ee naked : Down none: Cal. the inner scales membrana- ceous. DORO’NICUM. ... . Recept. naked: Down hair-like: ch alan florets, without
1) © eee die ee : Down. hair-like : — with 2 bristles at the
‘ERI’GERON....... Recept. naked: Down hair-like: |
loss. in the circum ce ry slender.
SOLIDA‘’GO.: «...; t. naked: Down hair-like? loss. of the circumf about 6 ; remote.
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Tragopogon.
€INERA/RIA. ..... Recept. naked: Down hair-like: Cal. mre si Sig SENE’ ClO so0-s: 3 de Recept. naked wn hair-like : Cal. én a cate dead at the en ‘TUSSILA’GO...... Recept. ‘ada: Down hair-like : Cal. scales somewhat mem- kin RSE od eae Recept. naked : Down hair-like : sete scales the point standing
way tities... SS. Recept. sor Down none: Cal. fac 2 ae
ACHILLE’A..... se HOt chafly : Down : Cal.
oblong s hiomedlioet: florets
a ek
FRUSTRANEA. CENTAUREA. .... eet aioe Down hair-like : o ie
the circumference
Se reoritat
FILA’GO......... Recept. naked: Down none: Fe- mate ga among the scales of the calyx.
CELEN'DULA ap ee Recept. naked: Down none: Seeds membranaceous.
[ Tussilago Farfara. (St.) Erigeron.)
ABQUALIS.
: TRAGOPO'GON. Receptacle naked: calyx sim- ple: down feathered.
655
Ty Calyx as long as the rays of the blossom : leaves entire, praten’se.
guite straight: fruit-stalk cylindrical,
656 ‘SYNGENESIA. ZQUALIS. Pictis,
(2) Bybor. 434-Ludw. 4 49-Kniph. 0-FI. dan. 906—Lonic. is 95: 4—Fuchs. 821-F. Bs ii. 1059. 1-Trag. 280-Dod. 256. ~'2=Lob. obs. 297. 25 aud ice i. .55C. 2-Geri em. 735. 2- Pet. 15. G+H. ox. vii. ron 1. i-Matth. 537-Ger. 595.2.
| Blossoms yellow, ree about 3 in the morning, and closing between’) aid 10, Lawn.” Unless the sky is cloudy.
Rae (Calyx in specimens gathered in Huntingdonshire al-
ways exactly equal with the blossom, in Norfolk i Svat eX-
ceeding it. e stems of the latter much shorter. Are
ceptacle, there are g ndular substances in the little hollows at the base of each floret, which, yg n the blossoms fall, turn brown, the receptacle remaining w
Yellow Goat’ s-beard. roe to bed at Noon. Meadows and pastures. B. June.*
porrifo/lium. T. ~— longer the rays of the blossom: leaves en- stiff and straight: fruit-stalks thickening up- Hi florets very narrow, lopped. Jacq. ic. iE. bot. 638—Kniph. 7-Fi. dan. 797-Ger. 595- i—Park. par. 511. 8—Matth. 538-Dod. 256. 1-Lob. obs ~ 207. 1, and ics i. 550. 1-Ger. ems 735. 1-Park. 412- Pet. 15.7 and 8-H, ox. vii. 9. 5.
Stem-leaves shorter than in T. pratense, scarcely longer than
the space between the joints. Calyx about 1-3d longer than m : oD i.
Purple Goat’s-beard. Salsafy. Meadows and spetaera, In — Cornwall, and fields about Carlisle ant atet Castle, Cumberl. Marshes near Long-Reach, below Woolwich, be meadows near Edmondton. [In upland pastures not unfrequent. Wecpn ste
ay:
PY'CRIS. Receptacle naked: calyx double : down . feathered : seeds with transverse furrows.
echioi’des. P. Outer calyx of 5 leaves, larger than the i inner, the in- dniaaa tad nr aN
Before the — shoot up, the roots, boiled like rs gs Me wet oat sane argh % are nearly as nutritious.. C shes and horses _ at its vine devendy it greedily. Goats are not fond
ti roots are esculent, and when cultivated in ee are called
SYNGENESIA. 4EQUALIS. Sonchus. Carts 150-Pet. 12. 12-Gere 655: Q=F. B. ii. 1029. 1-Lob,
; 3.1. 577. 2-Ger. em. 798. 2-H. ox. vii. 5. 38.
ee ee RT ee aia eos ce
Roet-leaves oral scolloped, stiff with numerous yong prottibe. rances, which, as also the ribs and edges, are with short thorn-like Balsa, Stem firm, cylindrical, scored, sully purplish,
much branched ; with scattered, stiff, thorn-li airs. Leaves heart- spest-hape d, Kine at Br edge set pai ‘ie stiff hairs,
very beautiful when vita with a glass. Woopwarp. Bless. yellow, expanding at 4 or 5 in the morning, and never closing ioe noon ; sometimes they remain open till y at night. a Ox-tongue. Lang de beuf. Borders of cornfields, rile Stockton and Norton; Durham. Mr. Rosson. ] A. July, Aug.*
E. bot. 196~Ger. 234. 8—Ger. em. 298. 7-F. B. ii. 1029. 2.
| Leaves spear-shaped. Fruit-stalks hs scattered awl-shaped scales yer ay to the calyx, till t yx mes nearl tiled scarcely feathered. titers Stem firm, sco Tough with stiff hairs, Leaves rough, the /ower on leaf-s talks, the ‘upper sitting, spear-shaped, pointed, toothed ; the zppermest Strap-spear-shaped. F rustustalls branched, each ‘branch beari 1 flower. Cal. scarcely to be called double, the loose scales on the top of the froit-sealk approaching to and at length tiled me the calyx, sok ariheg of the inner row nearly strap-shaped, outside, exactly the length of the feather Feather siting, “aka ogy , Seeds longitudinally and trans-
bh sre furrowed. Woopw. Flowers Pim pas ) Fichdciiabe: “Huns. Yellow Saccory. ene Ontaase ‘Borders s of cornfields in a a calcareous so: B, July.
SON’CHUS. Recep naked : calyx tiled, bellying, down hair-li :
657
P. Calyx loose : leaves entire: fruit-stalks scaly up to the Hieracioi Yes, caly :
S. Fruit-stalks hispid : leaves notched : flowers in bunches. canaden’sis.
This = - ——- pot-herb when young. The juice is milky, ibis Not too
Vou, II. ; Xx
658
arven’sis.
_palus’tris.
SYNGENESIA. ASQUALIS. Sonchus.
Fl. dan. 182-Clus. ii. 147. 1+Ger. em, 294. 7—Park. 808.1 ~—Park, 807. 1-F. B. ii. 1006+Ger. 231. 6. - Terminating lobe of the leaves very large. Flowers blue, — white Blue Souwtbistle Mountainous pastures. Borders of cornfields about agen and Howden Pans, Northumberland. Watts. Northumb. | "ecb a fates of the Synonyms in Sp. PI. this had al- ways been supposed the S. a/pinws, but the fruit-stalks in that are scaly, in this set with bristly baits. See Smith’s Icon. Fase. 1. p
S. Fruit-stalks and calyxes rough with hair, in a sort of mbel : leaves notched, heart-shaped at the base.
Curt. 265-E. bot. 674=Pet. 144 6—Fuchs. 319-F. Be it 1018. 1-Lod. obs. 119. 3, and ic. i. 237. 1-H. ox. vii- 6. 12—Lonic. 92. 1—-Matth. 765-Ger. 231. 7—-Ger. em
994. 8—Park. 808. 3. Flowers expand between 6 and 7, and — meee 11 and 12 in the forenoon. Linn. Rost creeping. C Leaves em- bracing the ie segments triangular, oka teeth sharper and more’ eter than cel <a S. palustris ; the upper spear- s au gests alength. Seeds oval,
Ss es, which are almost thorny. Hairs of the calyx and fruit-
s pale green, terminated by yellow globules, Corn, or Tree Sowthistle, Comfielde and ditch banks.
P. Aug.*
S; ~Fraiietialks and calyxes rough with hair, in a sort of bel : leaves sioteh, arrow-shaped at the base- Curt. Gory dan, 1109, and 606~Pet. 14. 7—Clus. ii. 147. 3+Ger. em, 294. 9~Park. 808. 2-H. ax. vis 9, row 3+ Lhe _ In habit it is very distinct from S. arvensis, but its structure is so much the same, that one might suppose the S. pin) ise have originated from arvensis. owers clustered, ant 10 or 7, and close at 2 in the afternoon. Linn. Rost not creepings Stems several, 0 to 10 feet high, CURE, Root when old forming
- large stool, Svems 4 to § feet high. Lower stem-leaves Very
arge ; upper arrow-shaped, and em racitig the stem at the bases
* The flowers follow the course a ~ sun very regularly. “Cows and goats eat it. Horses are very fond of
SYNGENESIA. ZZQUALIS. Sonchus.
segments ‘spear-shaped, variously curved, 2 or 3. pair, with a terminating one very long, smooth, finely toothed at the a _ the principal rib running near the inner edge; the : upper-leaves artow-spear-shaped, lengthened out into a long point. Floral.
leaves aw\-shaped. Woopwarp. Bloss. yellow. Marsh Soawthistle. Wat tery places and banks of rivers ; on those of the ‘Thames about Greenwich, Blackwall, and Po oplar. P. July, Aug.
S. Fruit-stalks cottony: calyxes smooth. E. bot. 843.
Leaves closely embracing the stem. Fruit-stalks at length becoming smooth. Linn. Upper 5 ae frequently ja and ga like the mers but not s0 dee eply, Woopw. Flowers yellow,
Sowthistle, Hare’s Lettuce. Milkweed,
Leaves smooth, the lower with winged clefts, the lower segments long.
Curt. 123—Ger. 231. 5—Clus, ii. 146. 1-Dod. 643. 1-Lob.
obs. 119.1, and ic, 1. 235. 2-Ger, em. 292. 3-H. ox. vii. 3. 1—Pet. 14. 10-Ger. 230. 4Maith. 497. mon Sowthistle. Cultivated ground, especially in a fae oy dig-hl and hedges. A. June—
Var iy tase fewer, the terminating one Seat and Very broad. Rar
Fi. ag 692 Blak. eee 230, 3—Ger. em. 292. 4—
» 8-7. Rg. . 1016. 1-H, Ok vii. 3, row le : abe “y) "ean: sof S. aspera.
Var, 3. asper. Leaves prickly, jagged, shining on the upper coos es the edge 'w aved and set with thorny teeth ; the lower
ded.
Fl, dan. 843-Blackw. 30-Ger. 2 pear 229, 2-F. B. ii. 1016. 2—Fuchs. 675~Pet. 1 Stem 2 to 3 feet highs upright, which, angular: the angles thin on ; ti with i Leaves with winged clefts ; sie + paths nate ah tor a
Segments various! ing a to the mid.ib, the lower foe a foot long: mib-rib broad, White, and smooth. Frait-stalks soon losi fog cotton. Cal. scales each with 2 or 3 little thorns on the [Uncultivated ground, sides of roads and aes May, about the latter end. Sr.
Var. 4. Leaves prickly, entire. Sr.
t
Fuchs. 674—Dod. 643. 3-Lob. obs. 118. 2. 3, and it. i. 235. 1—Ger. em. 291, 2-7. B. ii. 1014, 2-Perk. 803. 1-H. xx2
olera’ceus,
660
Scari’ola.
SYNGENESIA. EQUALIS. Lactuca.
OXs vii, 2, row 3 5—Pet. 14, 4—Lonic. i. 93. 1—Dod. 643. s 2—Lob. i¢. i, 234. 2—Ger. em. 291. 1-H. ox. vii. 2. 8. Fields, and in woods where the underwood has been cleared. July to Noy. 20. No other variety growing near ite ar. 5, Leaves inversely egg-shaped, tapering below into teste : Pluk. 61. 5—Pet. 14.1. Cornfields about London. Var. 6. Leaves strap-oblong, rounded at the end. luk. 62, A—Pet, 14, bs Var. 7 Stemless ; leaves spread on the ground, deeply win segments sharply tooth: if found this singular variety on Portland Island in the month of May. It had a yellow blossom, and the fruit-stalks and ¢alyxes smooth, as in the other varieties of the Sonchus oleraceus, but the flowers sat close upon the root. This circumstance may possibly be the effect of its maritime situation, but if not, it may prove to be a new species, as is not improbable, because I have observed some other varieties assume thee usual habit, a and their usual size, when growing near the sea, only sometimes a whole plant, a. the blossom, in such situations, assumes urplish red_col
LACTU’CA. esis naked : calyx tiled, cylin- drical,the scales membranaceous at the edge: down ‘hair-like, on a pedicle.
L. A geek leaves upright, their mid-rib prickly on the back.
E. bot. 268—Fuchs. 301-Dod. 646—Ger. em. 309. 3-F. B. ii- 1003~Pet, 15. 3-H. ox. vii. 2. 17—Matth. 522-Lob. obs. 118. 1, and ic, i, 234—Park. 814, 2—Barr. 135- Trag. 259.
Leaves, the lowermost also indented. Ray. Stem-/eaves constantly with deeper winged clefts than those of L. gare
Elemeres. branches pointing upward, not ex g. Flowe Pedicle of the down much shorter. Woopw- ris
Prickly, or Mild-scented Lettuce. On rubbish, sides of core ficlds, ditch banks, and sony ground. Isle of Ely. (Burr near Newmarket. Mr. Turner. },
The leaves are good ‘amongst other pot-herbs. They ait a very favourite food with hares and rabbits. Sheep, goats, and swine “eat it. Horses are not fondof it. The Apéis Sexchi lives upon it.
SYNGENESIA. AZEQUALIS. Lactuca.
LL, All ae ati horizontal, toothed : their mid-rib prickly x |
Collin obs. vi. pref. 3 ix.-Woodv. 250-F. B. ii. 100° et. 15, 2-H. ox. vii. 2. 16.
m prickly below. Leaves arrow-shaped, sitting, the edge,
and smal the keel, prickly. A variety of L. Scariola ac.
Gerard and H
forenoon. Seeds black. Wild Lettuce, Strong-scented Lettuce. Ditch banks. { Bor.. ders of fields. In a stone quarry at Thorp Arch, Yorkshire.
walls in Bungay, Suffolk. Woopwarp. ] B, July, Aug.* Var. 2. Leaves entire. Pet. t5. 1-Trag. 208—Lonic. i. 91. 3-Lob. adv. 89, and ic. i, 241. 1-Ger. em. 309. 1—Park. 813. om Scarjola @ Huds. Dr. Sto
MNariety 1, but less Greene: Ray,
a Leaves halberd-strap-shaped, sitting ; mid-rib prickly
on the back. :
Jacq austr. 250~E, bot, 707 ~Hall. jen. 4, at p. 207~-C. B. Ais 68. Parke 788s tacrs ox. Vil. 6. 18—Pet. 15. 4.
Point at the end, swesgben ‘wart the terminating one sow
The j jul ice smells like opium. It is milky, acrid and bitter Dr. Contin relates 24 cases of dropsy, out of which 23 were cured by ta €Xtract prepared from the expressed juice, in doses from 18 grains to te 3 drams in the 24 hours. It deny sey proves laxative, inane urine and geile sweats, and removes the thirst. Jt an prepared when the plan tis in flower,
viro’sa.
salig’na.
661
662
mura’Jis.
rally coloured. Maes oblong, compre
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Prenanthes.
Floral-leaves attow-shaped, broad at the base, tapering to a point.
Flowers nearly sitting, small, Woopwarp. Blass. yellow. — -leaved Lettuce. Ditch banks and pastures in a
chalky soil A. Aug.
PRENAN’THES. Receptacle naked : calyx dou- ble: down hair-like, nearly sitting : Horets in a single row.
P. Florets 5: leaves notched.
Curt.—E. bot. 457—F7. dan. 509-Clus. ii, 146. 2~Lob. obs. 119. 2, and ic. i. 236. 1-Ger. ems 293. 5-Park. 805, Q- eat B, ii. 1004—Pet. 15. 5.
a + short pedicle. ee on long leaf-
o ve a8 cy oo ek — nS od & 3 & 4 o> ~ § oe ay a3 3 oe st 3 4 S
‘ flower. Woopwarn. . Stem-leaves spore the stem, seeply
notched ; segments opposite, toothed, the rr sap one largest. Calyx, outer, scales 5, _speat-shaped 3; inner baile 7 aped, genes Down oO
ce, supported wat a tittle pedi a 2. se er -arrow-sha
upper Floral. sions of the fri. stalks. Calyx putple ; outer, aa rarely 4. spear-shaped. Bloss. yellow ; ne with 5 teeth. Germen mapa « Down nearly sitting, but the pedicle lengthens
ripens. 38 al Ivy-leaf. Walls. Shady woods. | As LEON’TODON. Receptacle naked : we a! tiled ; _ the inner scales parallel, ear down hait- ike.
(1) Down on a pedicle.
officinale. L, Outer scales of the calyx entire, reflected : i
smooth, notched and acutely toothed.
Curt.-E. bot. 510—Mill. iil. Sings Sd reales pT FI, dan. 574—Wale.-Ger. 228. 1-H. ox. vil. 8, row 2. 1—Dod. 636. 1—Lob. obs. By 2, and ic. is 232. 2-Gers
_ em. 290. 1—Park. 780. 1-Pet. 11.7—Maith. 506—Fuchs. 680-F, B. ii. 1035-Trag. 262-Lonic.i. 92. %-Blackwels
|
SYNGENESIA; AQUALIS. Leontodon: 663
Leaves varying from wing-cleft, in a very dry situation, to oy entire In a very moist one, Calyx, scales perfectl ag a i
a lon icle ; rays simple, Woopwarop.
The notches: in nie leaves hollowed out like the teeth in a large
timber saw. Seeds flat, scored, ptickly upwards. Bios. yellow,
eae about 5 or 6 in the morning, and closing early in the aftern
Com ena ae Piss-a-bed, Meadows, yore road cage ditch banks, & P, April—Sept. Var, 2. Leaves narrower, fewer, more Lede Souc Seeds reddish brown. Ray. Fog et. 5 8 . Grows along with var. 1. and flowers most of the summer.*
Ri Outer scales of the calyx upright, close to the inner, Tarax’acon. entire: leaves spear-shaped, very entire, y toothed,
E. bot. 553-Scop, 48. at ii p. 100. sabe oblong, broader towards the end, pointed, with
R teeth, smooth, mid-rib red. Calyx smooth ; outer scales egg- s sina somewhat membranaceous at the edge; the in- ner strap-shaped. ns. Calyx, the lowermost scales at DS
has examined many ie lately, and has no doubt of it it being a distinct species,
Hedypnois hee Ba: Scop. carn. n, 958. Leontod: codon Raii. Govan ill. 55, Leontodon Taraxacum paludosum. Licur. Fi. Scot. 432, Picris scapo uniflore, foliis glabris semipinnatis, ca- dyce levi, Haut. hist. n. 26. ee, Leontodon Taraxacum ? pa-
hee ed. i Hinton Moor, Cam silaigestiie: Lyons. Moist places on the sides of mountains in the Isle of Skye. Licut. P, June.
u iden a swarm of Locusts had destroyed the harvest in the island of Mi- norca, many of the inhabitants subsisted u ae? this er pee The espreecet
juice has been given, to the quantity o y 3 day
and Boerhaave had a great opiates of sig utility of of this and other Jactescent Plants in visceral obstruct 9 say s eatit; are your i ily ; : sheep and cows are not fo fits rin refu cs it; small birds are fond of en seeds. The Phalena Fascelina and the Thrips Physapas feed upon
664
SYNGENESIA. ZQUALIS. Leontodon.
(2) Down sitting. RIB 34
autumna'le. i. chi branched : fruit-stalks scaly: leaves spear-shap-
oothed, very entire, smooth: down mostly ite | E. bot. 83C~-Fuchs. 320-F. Be iis eta 265 Dode 639. 4—Ger. em. 297. 3—Lonic. i. 92. S— Dod. 639. 4—Lob. obs. 120. 1, and it. i. 257. ber em. 296. ol aie 794. 4-H, ox. vil. 7. 6-Maith. 766— To, to, te Root bitten - as in Scabiosa Succisa. Flowers opening at 7, and closing at 3 ~ the afternoon. It is difficult to say under ac
what genus it should be placed. It differs from Scorzonera in its sitting down repis in its simple tiled calyx ; and from Leontodon in its sitting feathered down. Liw own of the
_ of the a conta xp a sometimes tapering out into a kind of short
pedicle ; feathered, brownish white, which colour readily distin-
ows a same oot te: asing out lateral
bres aves nea ie Pa rap- -shaped, smooth ; Aairs simple. Stem and ‘jute slightly sented, smooth. “Braitcttalhs mostly for les e outer ones of the calyx. Calpxy t Seb neste ka ight, a little gst at the ones ; the inner with a hee of longish black hairs along t
Fhrets yellow on both sides. . Style and summit set on the oe part with very short ‘ag exceedingly fine, white, bristly hairs. Down about the lengt the seed, rather longer than the tu- bular part of the- ia the feather-like ‘fibres on the hairs eX tremely fine. Sveds compressed, pon
Hedy pois autumnale. Huvs. E.bot. Autumnal Dandelion. Yellow Devil's Bit. Meadows and pastures. —P. July, Aug.
Var. 2. Leaves hairy. Ray.
With variety 1, and with us the most common. St.
Var. 3. Leaves wing-cleft. -
Ger, 233. 3—Pet, aig 2, cium premorsum Taciniatum, R, Syn. 164, Sf about London July, Aug:
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS.. Leontodon.
Var. 4. Dwarf. Leaves pointed. Per. Pets 12. 3. Hedges about London. les Aug. Hieracium folio acuto minus. R. Syn. 164. (St.) Var. 5. Dwarf. Leaves blunt, like those of L.. Taraxacum. sy :
ee >, Papi ee & With variety 4, Joly, Aug.
L. AD “the scales of the calyx u right : iene toothed, very entire, hispid: bristle-like hairs forked.
Curt. 314—E. bot. 554—-Fl. dan. 862. (The figures of the older Botanists are not sufficiently exact to allow of our knowing whether they intended them for this or for the next Sy )
urs si froral-leaf below the flower, which is not in orets abe the intestine greenish on the outside. ing, feathere A plant difficult to make out, from ‘the different synonyms Sele d to be different ges i Sis open at 4 in the morning, and close re z. in the a Leaves on leaf-stalks, spear-shaped, so hoes ; ain forked and simple. Seeds slender, rough, sauna, the upper a of the ridges toothed, the lower warty ; as long as the down. Woopw. Root bitten off. Stalk 6 to 10 inches high. Leaves indented oothed. Hairs with 2 or 3 points, or rattle Calyx with
zd Brine
the seed, with as many intermediate ones. Dr. oe The foral-eaf mentioned by Linnzus is not always prese ough Dandelion. ‘ Meadows and pastures. Meadow s near Worsley Mill, and near Chaddock Hall, Lancash. Mr. Prise {Lulworth Cave, Dorsetshire. St. Vincent’s acy Bristol. } aS
Var. 2. Leaves a with sometimes shallow teeth, spear- shaped, rough. Linn Clus. ii. 141. ee em. 302. 3—Park. 799. 12~F. B. ii. -4038-H. ox. vii. 7. 12. row 2. f. 4—Pet. 11. 5—Ger. 238. 3. (These figures are cited on . eee of Ray.) Dens leanis “ti angustifolius. . 171.—Leontodon tome y —Hieracium lacus, sacectiiod to Reich.
Near the top of y Glyder mountain near Llanberris, L. All the scales of the calyx upright : leaves toothed,
hairy; hairs undivided, Livny. Quter row of seeds downless. HALLER,
hispidum.
hir’tum,
Pilosel’la,
SYNGENESIA. /EQUALIS, Hieracium.
Curt ~E. bot. 555-Fl. dan. 901. y much resembling L. Aispidum, but distinct. Fruit. ; h :
Ve stalks and ealyxes not so hairy, nearly smooth. Leaves stiffish, -
erence yellow underneath, and not greenish. Linn, Stem 6 inches high. Seeds of the circumference crowned with a shallow leafy ornament, instead of down ; those of the centre with a fea- thered down. Hari. A much smaller plant than the L. hispi- dum, and its calyx is smooth, but the leaves are hairy. In L autumnale the calyx is hairy and the leaves smooth. M,. Arzt- tivs. The want of down to the outer row of seeds sufficiently distinguishes this plant from its congeners. Floawers yellow. _
Jedypnois hispidum, hirtum ¢ Huds. Deficient Dandelion. Curr. an mons [Frequent in Devonshire a
Cornwall. Pastures and cornfields in Astley and Tildesleys
Lancash. Mr. Evans. ] — Aug
HIERA‘CIUM. Recept. generally naked: calye .
tiled, egg-shaped : sometimes double : down mostly sitting, hair-like ; rarely feathered. (1) Stalk leafiess, 1-flowered : Down simple. - H. Leaves very entire, egg-shaped, cottony underneath + suckers creeping,
Curt. 2979-Fl. dan. 1110—Ludw.144-Wale.~Blackw. 365-
Fuchs. 005-Trag. 278 —Lonic. i. 95. 3-F. B. it. 1039- Pari. 690. 2-H. ox. vii. 8. 3-Pet. 14. 1-Dod. 67—Lob. 254. 1, and ic. i. 479. 1-Ger. em. 038. 2—Park. 690. 1- Hi. ox. vii. 8. row 1. f: i—Ger. 513. 2. Bloss. red on the outside, opening at 8 in the morning, and closing os 2in the afternoon, Linn. Suckers covered with
cotton set with hairs, lying close to the ground, not throwing out flowering stems in the autumn, as H. dubinm and Hi, anricula, Florets with a broad purple stripe on the under
side. pale yellow within.
Creeping Mouse-ear. Mouse-ear Hawkaveed. Very dry me
dows, pastures, and walls. P. May—Sept.*
* This differs from the other lactescent plants, being less bitter, and
: ngent. It is esteemed hurtful to sheep. Anainsect of the Co-
chineal genus (Coccus polonicus) is often fonnd dt the roots, Act. Upsal 175° Goats eatit. Sheep are not fond of it. Horses and cows refuse it.
*
SYNGENESIA. HQUALIS. Hieracium. H. Leaves oblong, entire, toothed; stalk almost naked; calyx hairy. !
Lightf. 18. at p. 434—Allioni 14. 2-Col. ecphr. ii. 30.1—
Hi. ox. vii. 7. 5—Pet. 11. 2-Ray 6. 2. at p. 168-(FI.
dan. 27, may possibly be the same plant in a cultivated
state for Mr. Ray tells us it then assumes such an ap- pearance.)
Leaves egg-oblong, oe ag) toothed, sprinkled on both sides
with white expandi ride hairs. Szalk thick, wpe: with white
by its hairs. Murr. About 3 inches high. Whole plant set with long hairs, pened the fruit-stalk and the calyx. Leaves ing a ee into long leaf-stalks. Fruit-stalks but little longer than the leaves. ountain Hawkweed Soitatae near the summits in dry soil. Rocks on Glyder and Triglcaa near Llanberris, o - Croochid and near Loch Awe, and many other of the Highland
mountains. Llyn y Cwyn near Snowdon. Penn. ry rocks on Ben Bound. On Malghyrdy, Ben Lawers, and Tothade y Gain. Mr. Brown. ] P. July, Aug.
H. Leaves Poa wate toothed, smooth; stalk almost naked : ri ‘ Retz. 4. Allan. 31. 16
Doubtful whether a hybrid plant, or a new species. The Leaves are so much like those of L. autumnale, and the stalk and flowers so exactly like those of Hieracium alpinum, that if the stalk and flower of the latter were added to the leaves of the former, you Would have a fair specimen of the oie in question. Leaves,
Lyx
tiled Ww. se hardly be be said of z: aureum or autumnale. Linx. Down ti feathered, Licurr. on whose authority it princi- Pally stands as a British plant, but I it never seen it, and M. Afzelius doubts its being native wit
Hedypnois — tee aag oh Huss. which see. Side 9 of
mountains in wet grou Caillich mountain i nie Isle of Sk Skye. [t [On Rhiwr Gh usd aint 100 yards above et y Cwn. Mr. Grirrita.] P.
(2) Stalk naked, many-flowered. Hi. tas entire, egg-oblong: suckers creeping.
667
alpi‘num.
Tarax’aci.
.
du’bium.
668
SYNGENESIA. AQUALIS. Hieracium.
Fi. dan. 1044.
Stem rough with hair. Leaves rough with hair, especially underneath. Larger than H. Azricu/a in all its parts. Occurs but rarely, possibly a mongrel production, or a variety of some species or — Linn. Svalé smooth, from 6 to 9 inches high, with 3 to ( flowers. Huns. Leaves longer and narrower than in #. Pibsella, very slightly concave, {hairy on both sides, but more sparingly than in H. Pilosel/a, green above; greyish, but not cottony Soshhy Stalks upright, nearly smooth below, with mostly.2 flowers, rarely
which, as also the calyxes, cloathed with ess Sue y
& La) x i» oO Q Cc B. “ nw ve Led ~ Qa. a —— ee =] oq hd
scored ; dowz sitting, as long as the calyx. Suck were the ap- pearances in tae and July, but in autumn as follows: Suckers throwing out branches, ‘and terminated a flowering stem.
oe reeping Vawkweed. Moistish mountainous situations. Fairfield mountain near Rydall, Westmoreland. P. July, Aug-
Auricu’la. 'H. Leaves very entire, spear-shaped : suckers creeping.
sabau’dum. H. Stem
Fl. dan. s1Ii,
ne es. inches high, ‘somewhat hairy, hairs scattered. Leaves mostly v
epiite, pointed, naked. Flowers in a panicle, 3 to 6, yellow. DS.
Narrow leaved Hawkweed. On mountains, On ogee not far from Grass-mere, Westmoreland. P. july .
(3) Stem leafy. Down sitting. upright, many flowered: leaves cee-spe shaped, toothed, half embracing the stem Allion. 27. 2-E. bot. 34G—Fl dan. 872-Pet. 13. ateaih ii. 14, 2-7. B. ii. 1030. 3-H ox. vii. 5..5Y. Receptacle in this and H. umbellatum ore but tougher than in the other species, Linx. Stem sometimes branched from half
SYNGENESIA. ARALAS: Hieracium.
been bitten off the leaves often assume the figure of those of H, umbellatum ; add to this, that the fruit-stalks are often congre- gated in manner of an umbel, as in Gmel. ii. 14. 1, and Fi. dam $72. See also variety 4. Sr. . Flowers opening at 7 in the morn. ing, and closing berween 1 and 2. Bloss. yellow brubby Hawkaweed. Woods and hedges, 'P. July, Aug.
Var. 2. =o covered with a short and just perceptible
Ait Ray Gmel. ii. 14. 1—Pet. 13. 9.
Moist shady woods. Huns. Near Ulswater, Westmorel. Rast
Var. 3. Leaves longer, with fewer teeth, 1 flower only on the stem. ;
Pluk. 37. 3—Pet. 11. 6.
On a dry bank at the edge of a wood in a lane leading ti Hornhill to Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire. Ray ; Var. 4. Leaves broad spear-shaped, on very soet leaf-stalks.
7.
Pet. 13. 8. {Perry Wood, near Worcester. St.}
H. Stem upright, panicle terminating: leaves > lied embraci ng the stem; glaucous underneath. Allion. 27.1 and 3. Whole plant more or less hairy. pee fringed with Bute
edged with a few minute distant teeth; dark green above, gar orm
Cous green underneath. Flowers ides bright yellow, ing a panicle
Hierecium spicatua. Allion. pedem. i. p. 208; but no trivial name could be m Big 82 9 r than pie applied to a plant bah a ea les signin panicle. The reen of the Sg
cient to distinguish this enn all o our other specie:
. pac by Mr. Dickson in woods in the Sou 2 of codcod:
Linn. Tr, ii. 298. P. June, July.
H. Stem panicled: leaves qubentet stem, toothed, smooth: calyxes hispid j Gps 28. 2and 31. 2~-Fl. daz. 928-Ger. 936-—Ger. em. O-F. B. fi. 2033. 1-F. B. ii, 1026. 3-H. on. vil. 5. =
prenan- thoi‘des.
paludo’» sum,
muro’rum.
SYNGENESIA. AAQUALIS. Hieracium.
Stem 1 to 2 feet high, hollow, in which it differs from H. murorum; furrowed, smooth, generally bright purple at the base. Leaves smooth, alternate, the lower on leaf-stalks, oval- spear-shaped ; the upper spear-shaped, deeply toothed towards
the base, entire at the summit ; the uppermot very entire. Leaf- Beis and mid. ribs of the leaves sometimes purple, re un- derneath. Fruit- stalks smooth. Floavers solitary, smaller in H. murorum. Cal. scales gi Steg with prctib: black hairs on the back. Woop . Leaves notched like those of Dan orig but not so deeply. Bibiwets bright yellow. awkaveed. ~ Moist meadows and woods, and sides of Sah ts in the mountainous parts of Craven, Yorkshire, and sides of rivers, both in the ere aod ag nds. [Hardrow h
Force in Wensley-dale, Yorkshi op.—On the west
side of the river pe below <4 ‘Silas “ Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmor . E. Smira.—Near By 1, Westmore- land. Mess. Core and Woobwarp.—At re Hermitage neat
adr taieg St.—Marshy ¢ Seles at the Ee “of Pentland hills. Dr. Hore. ] B. July.
H. Stem branched : “yootlekves egg-shaped, toothed: stem-leaf smaller. Barr. ie 34.2—Tabern. 504. 2-F. B. il. 1034. 1-Ger. CMe 304, 1-H. ox. vii. 5. 54—Pet. 13. 2 and 3-Trag. 276—Munt. 233-Pet. 11. 4. Root simple. Stem single, a foot high, of equal thickness, not very strong, beset with hairs, with a single branch, some- times none. Root-leaves on leaf-stalks, somewhat scetlied, beset
e c ane Florat-leawes aw\-shaped, 1 to cach fruit-stalk. Calyx scales stra -speat-shaped, the lower spreading. Boss. yellow. _— nearly cylindrical, furrowed, smooth, dark =e as long DWARD.
\
SYNGENESTA. AAQUALIS. Hieracium.
French Lungwort. Golden Lungwort, or Hawhweed. Woods, =. walls shady banks, and balks of cornfields. { Bolton Abbey, » Yorkshire, Castle Dinas Bran. Mr. Woop.—Arthur’s
veils Edinburgh, Str.—Conzic Sens, near Kendal. Mr. Woop- and. P. July.
H. ait i pint Teafy: root-leaves egg-shaped, Bip: -stalks : stem-leaves sitting : fruit-stalks ma ae ‘héwered: Gouan. — 28. i~Lob. obs. 517. 2, and ic. i, 587. 1—Ger. em.
67
sylvat‘icum,
4. 2-Park. 801. 2—Tabern. 505. 1-F. B. ii. 1034. 3. °
come tom the H. murorum, in the root-leaves being spear- shaped and slightly toothed, not egg-shaped, never approaching to wing-cleft at the base ; the Jeaf-stalks being longer, the stem- leaves more on 1, and the whole plant considerably larger. Flowers yellow
Hieracium murorum & Linn. Huds. Bot arr. pe’ ii. Roman Camp at Sidmonton, near New rry. eth a the Lake Lhyp y Cwin. Ray. [On Dudley Castle Hill. bE ips
ug.
H. Stem branched : —— rough. with hair: root-leaves- g-shaped, toothed: stem-leaves heart-shaped, embracing t sie stem.
Jacq. austr. jaden 141-7. B. ii. 1027—H, ox. vii. 5. 58. Stem scored, somew. ote branches as high as the main stem. Root-leaves en broadish, somewhat hairy, teeth am Stem-leaves heart-shaped, embracing he stem, approach- ing upwards at the base. | Fruit-stalks 1\-flowered. Floral-leaves rather distant from the calyx. Ca/. but little ‘tile » expanding,
she a yellow gland at the point, as have all the hairs. Seeds sie
- Dewz sitting, hair-like, in large quantity. Linn. Root-
wes very vatiable in size, the small ones on very long eaf-
stalks, Stem-leaves sometimes aieeais: Bei and not embracing
stem. ‘The whole plant woolly, and when cultivated rising
tothe height of 4 feet. Flowers large, yellow.
Found by - Dickson amongst wet rocks on Ben Nevis,
. Linn. tr, ii. 280. nr of rocks near Meer Gill, at
the foot of a oe Yorkshire. Mr. Catey. | P. Aug.
H. Leaves soft, spear-shaped, nearly entire; lower ones on leaf-stalks : flowers on fruit-stalks nearly form- ing a corymbus.
Dieks. b. s.-Facg. austr. 119. Stem upright, unbranched, | or 2 feet high, scored, purplish,
villo’sum.
mol’le.
672 SYNGENESIA. AZSQUALIS. Crepis.
leafy, somewhat hairy. Fruit-st. terminating, few, 1 of 2- owered, 13 inch long. Leaves oval, blunt, hairy on both sides, soft, the upper sitting, the lower tapering into leaf-stalks. Calyx not tiled; leafits dark green, hairy, uniform. Flowers deep yellow. Seeds reddish, scored.’ It approaches to the H, murorum, and sometimes grows along with it, but it differs in the colour of the + get the number of Jeaves on the stem, and eney. by y Jacquin. dby Mr. Dickson in the south of Scotland. Linn. tr. ii. . - July, Aug. umbella’‘tum. H, Leaves nate peg a pene toothed, scattered: fl a sort o pesamaean o-Pet. 13. 10 — 11—C/us. ii. 140—Dod. 638. 9—Lob. obs. 120. 3, and ic. 1. 240. 1—Ger. em. 298. 5- sg SOl, 4-7. B. ii. 1030, 1-FL. dan. 080-Ger, 29346 6. Leaves wy ees ae marie toothed. Flowers ter-
.
omg alyx the outer segments with their points turned
Bushy Honkeised. Hedges and ae Ra places. [Ditch- ingham, Norfolk. Mr. Woopwarp. tch banks near Bir- eet St.
Var. 2. Leaves, smooth, ae entire, dark green. Dirt. in R, Syn. eee strap- -shaped. $ : sib rok i ae ee About Lande; aah not common. [Near Bungay, Suffolk, common. Mr. Woopwarp. | July, Aug.
CRE'PIS. Recepi. naked: calyx double, the outer one deciduous: down hair-like, sometimes standing on a pedicle. foe’tida. C, Leaves between neve’ and winged, rough with hair: leat-stalks toothed.
E, bot. 406-Col, = 249-Park. 794. 3~Dod. 641. 3—Lobe obs. lide l, aud icei 226. i—Ger. em, 279—H. ox. vile
4i—Pet, 12. 8 and )-Magn, bot, 120,
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Crepis.
Unopened flowers nodding.’ Leaves smelling like bitter ala monds. Linn. rather like opium. Retuan. Calyx whitish. Down longer than the calyx ; on a pedicle. Receptacle somewhat hairy. Lerrs. Flowers small, yellow.
Stinking Hawksbeard. Dry meadows and pastures. About Cambridge. Banstead Downs, by the side of ha road to Dark. ing, Surry. Northfleet chalk pits, Kent. Near Greenhithe, Nahar, neat Swaffham, Norfolk. Mr. Prrcurorp. }
B. June, July.
C. Leaves spear-shaped, notched; sitting, smooth; the wer ones toothed. Curt. 327-Wale.—Fl. dan. 501—Pet. 12. 6-Gmel. ii. 6-Lob. iC. 1. 239=Ger. em. 297. 4—Park. 794. 2.—H. ox. vii. 7. 20-F. B, ii. 1024. 1-Dod. 636. 3—Lob. obs. 115. 1, and 7¢. 1, 229, 2-Ger. em. 284. 2-Park, 777. 2-F. B. ii. 1024. 2=Ger. 228. 2.
Flowers of the appearance o ec munis,
nodding. Cal, furrowed, sprinkled longitudinally with clammy hairs, es s ve passed thé anthers, brown, a singular circumstan ost other respects, liable to great variations, in ee both of struc- ture and appearance, when growing in a rich soil a ing as
ppearin figired in Ger, 228. 2; when ina poor soil it is slender, about a foot high, with strap-shaped leaves somewhat toothed, resembling of Plantago Coronopus, [as in Gmel. ii. 6. St.] or a hand’s
Florets yellow on both sides. . Dowz sitting, rather longer than the seeds, and lenger than the tube of the blossom. Smooth Succory Hawhweed, or Hawksbeard. Meadows, d A
Pastures, walls, roofs, road sides. » June—Sept, Var. 2. Leaves tapering toa fine point. Pet. 12. 70 Pastures about London. July, Aug.
shaped. oL, III, t &
A
673
tecto’rum,
Var. 3. Leaves entire, toothed, either spear-shaped or egg-
674
bien’nis.
min’ima,
-SYNGENESIA. ZEQUALIS. Hyoseris.
: P. et. 12. 5e > astlives about London metimes the leaves are very entire, scarcely rer a single en Var. 4, Stems trailing, leaves strap-shaped, very narrow. pandas: ‘from the stem having been bitten off in the spring. :
C. Leaves notched, with ee clefts, rough, toothed above the base: calyx bristly.
E. bot. 149-Kniph, 6—F. B. ii. abe 3~C. B. pr. 64—Park.
793—H. ox. vii. 4. 46—Pet, :
Svem angular, rough, 4 to 6 feet high, brittle. Leaves, all between lyre-shaped and winged, bristly underneath. Calyx furrowed, beset lengthwise with soft pucks, Flowers closing between 3 and 4 inthe afternoon. Linn. Calyx scales some- times slightly cottony with only here and there a scattered, short, bristly hair. Sr. Leaves at the base of the lowermost flowering
atthe base of
branches similar to t ve ‘ se
th er flowering branches strap-spear-shaped. Floawering
branches spreading, with several ts. Flowers on separate
a stalks. Elerel-hanet spear-s . Bless. yellow. Seeds ed. ir-like, extending a little beyond
the calyx. W - Lower ieaves in the larger pian widely
notched ; the Sotehes hollowed out like the teeth of a large tum-
HYO’SERIS. Recept. naked: calyx nearly equal: down sitting, like awned chaff, surround ded with hairs, or instead thereof a minute calyx including a very fine down.
H, Stem divided, naked: fruit-stalks thickening up- _ wards.
E. bot. 95—Fl, dan. 201—Clus. ii, 142. 2~Ger. em. 288. 8- Park. 791. 9—Pet. 15. 9—Gies. 33—Ger. 227. 8-H. o%+ vii. 1. 8,
mall, woody, with a few stiff fibres, Leaves spread-
Roo ing ina om bluntly oval, tapering into a leaf-stalk, toothed on the sides, entire at the base wd oe viewed with a ites
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Hypocheris,
and hollow upwards, sometimes ae oftener with 1, and some. times 2 branches. Branches reddish, and wire-like at the base, hollow and thicke ening upwards, sometimes again branched.
Flowers nodding before hey y open, afterwards upright. Ca/, outer scales small, dry, and shrivelling ; the :mner very pointed.
Bloss. yellow. Seeds oval, scored, crowned with the proper calyx.
copwARD. In some situations much larger, the branches di. viding and subdividing. Mr. Brown. mall Swine’ s Succory. Small Swines-cye. Meadows and cornfields in gravelly soil. Common Cornfield, Walthamstow, Essex. Teddington Field, near Hampton. Pensham Field, near Pershore, Worcestershire, in the most barren and grave elly places. NasH.—[{Cornfields near Norwich. Messrs. Pircn- Forp and Woopwarp. Sandy cornfields about Forfar. Road from Dundee to ‘St. Andrews. Mr, Brown.] — A. May, Aug.
HYPOCH ARIS. Receee. chaffy : calyx some- what tiled: down on a pedicle: feathered.
H. Stem almost bare, with a esiiny branch: leaves egg- oblong, entire, too E. bot. 225—Fl. dan. s6Hell enum, 244.1. at p. 740, and bist. 1. 1. at p. 24—Clus, ii. 139. 2-Ger 301. 1-Park, 799. 18-F. B. ii. 1027. 1-H. ox. vii. 5. 53—Pet. 13. 1- bs ae 1-Hall. 1, 1. at p. 24. ene Linn. Leaves spreading on the Flin ea, in
§ porte Ciehonri2 Mountainous meadows and pastures. Gog magog Hills, between Triplow Heath and Foulmire, Newmarket Heath banks of the Devil’s Ditch near Reche, and Bartlow, Cambrid dgeshire. Bernuk Heath, Northamptonshire. [On Om- perhead, by aoa Wells, very plentiful, along with Veronica = ing ag Hat. Near Ottermine Cove, Settle, Yorkshir Mr. Carey. ] P. July."
{ and — eat it. gt Dk not fond of it- Linn. The country peopl
¥¥2
675
macula’ta.
i6 i
gla’bra.
radica’ta
SYNGENESIA, ZAQUALIS. Hypocheris.
H. Smooth: stem branched, leafless: leaves toothed and indented: calyx oblong, tiled. Curt. 145-E, bot. 575-Fl. dan. 424~Pet. 12. 4-H. ox, vii, 4, 35—Pet. 11, 12—Col. ecphr. ii. 27+ 2 _ Differs from H. radicata in having minute bom and the scales of the calyx being smooth, and the keel not fringed. Whole plant smooth. Stems nearly upright, with 1 or 2 branches, slender, hollow above, solid below. Leaves spear-shaped, in- dented, toothed. Fruit-stalks bean upwards! Cal like that
of Leontodon autumnale. Bloss. yellow, close. Seeds of the cir- cumference with — down siting ; those = the centre, down on a pedicle. appearance that of Leontodon autumnale.
inn. Stem sometimes simple, in the autumn much branched
Smooth Cis, dah sae and gravelly soils, Near Middleton, Warwickshire. Norwich, and about Comb and einige Surry-
common close to the inn at Banktop, near Barnesley, " Yorkahive Mr. Woop. Sandy parts of Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Woopw- Washwood Heath, near Birmingham. ] ‘A. Ftd
H. Stem branched, naked, even: leaves notched, blunt, rough: fruit- stalls scaly. Curt. 152-E. bot. 831-Fl. daz. 150—Dod, 639. 2-Lob, abs. 120. 2, and ic. i. 238. 1-Ger. em. 298, G—~Park. 790-H: ox. Vii. 4. 27—Ger. 227. 7—Park. 791. 8—Pet. VW. 1- ¥. B. ii. 1032. 1, Pruit-stalks hikening upwards. Calyx, nai of the scales fringed. Bloss. large, closing at 3 in the afternoon. Linn. Rast
toothed, hairy. Stem smooth, naked. Branches 1. of mores thickest under the flower, each with 1 flower. Woopw. Scales spear-shaped, 1 at the base of each branch, with a few white bristly ister at the base on each side. Ca/. not distances 3 i 3 scales mae i d, set along the u rt of the
¥ ite ‘. PP ites: Seeds
ae rou: * goay longet than the seed ; doqw» rather longer
an the pedicle, Chaff strap-shaped, tapering and yellow 10.
wards the ae Blossoms yellow within, reddish green W! out,
Loug-rooted Hawheweed, or Cats-ear. Meadows and pastures, m
on, P. May—Sept- Var. 2. Smaller, Stem 5 or 6 inches se suis or with 4 flower, nearly sitting, on theside. Woopw
SYNGENESIA. AAQUALIS. Lapsana. 677 LAPSANA. Recept. naked : calyx double ; all the
inner scales channeled. L. Calyxes after flowering, angular: fruit-stalks slender, communis. much branched.
Dicks, hy s.—Curt.-E. bot. 844—Kniph. 5-Fl. dan. 500-Lob.
obs. 104. 1, and ic. 1. 207. 1~Ger. em. 255—-Park. 810. 1-F. B. ii. 1028-Doed. 675. 2-H. ox. vii. 1. 9-Pet. 14. 12—Ger. 231. 8.
Seeds all naked, none involved.in the scales.of the calyx. Linn, Stem 2 to 4 feet high, stiff, hollow, cylindrical, scored, hairy. Leaves alternate; the ower egg-shaped, on leaf-stalks ; the xpper spear-shaped, higher up strap-shaped, the uppermost awl-shaped. Leaf-stalks bodied: the border wing-cleft, and 1 or 2 pair of wings, slightly hairy. Flowering branches long, naked, or with | or 2 aw]-shaped scales, much branched at the
ranch with 1 flower. Woopwarp. Stem nearly cy-
: P Common Nipplewoart. Dock Cresses. Hedges, s > and on rubbish. A. June, July.*
CICHO’RIUM. Recept. somewhat chaffy ; calya - double: down about 5 teeth, indistinctly hairy. C. Flowers in pairs, sitting : leaves notched. In’tybus. E. bot. 539-Fl, dan. 907-Woodv. 248—Curt. 241-Blackw. 177—-Walc.—Dod. 635—Lob. obs. 114. 1, and ic. 1. 228. 2—Ger. em. 284. 1—Park. 776, 2-H. ox. vii. 1. row 2.2 —Fuchs. 679-F. B. ii. 1008—Trag. 27 Q—Lonic. is 94. 1= Ger. 235. 10—Maith. 503. Flowers open at 8, and close at 4. Linn. Stem angular. eet spear-shaped, embracin the stem, toothed ae a
.* As acurative for sore breasts (from whence the old English name is detived,) it is now entirely in disuse, At Constantinople it is eaten raw, JUSt before it comes into flower. ~
678
Lap’pa.
SYNGENESIA. AZQUALIS. Arctium,
outside and edges with whitish hairs terminated by small glo.
bules ; izzer, scales skinny, set along the back with similar
hairs, woolly at the ends. Blsss. of a Fe blue ; individuals with
§ semi-transparent lines, a little woolly on the outside.
Cylinder of anthers striped blue and white. Germen edged with
little teeth. Smits blue. Seeds oblong, w with 4 comers, ith “ae
wld Succory, or Cicory, or Endive. " Borders. of cornfields. [ Tamworth Castle. ] . July, Aug.*
ARC’'TIUM. Calyx globular : scales with hooked
points, bent inwards.
’ A. Leaves heart-shaped, without thorns, on Jeaf-stalks.
Kniph. 3—Ludw. 106-Curt. 238—Woodv. 15—Matth, 1154. —Lob. obs. 318. 2, and ic. i, 588. 1-Ger. 664. 1~Park. 1923. 1—Dod. 38-Lob. obs. 318. 1, and it. 1. 587. Qe Ger. em. 809. 1—Pet. 23. 1-Fuchs. 72-f. B. iii. 570- Trag. 837—Blackw. 117. 1-H. ox. vii. 32. 1—Lomic. i! 64.2.
~ Heads with a vey — woolliness, not so broad as those of
Has 2, nor so ro =~ as * e varieties with woolly heads. The commo: Ray. Leaves. the lower on long leaf. pes) waved at he edges; the’ upper egg-spear-shaped. Mr. opw. Stems reddish. Stems and leaves with short white soft bristles. Fruit-stalks from the bosom of the leaves. Cal.
Anthe white. Summits expanding, white. Seeds ‘Sbload, angular, some ie? se we
Common Burr. Clott-burr. Hurr-burr. Road isiée mb e ditch banks. B. Le Oe
roundish, eg meric! brownish purple, ¢0-
. Hea vered fe nan cotton. Bloss. purple: Stem dark red. Rav. —
Mill. ic. 159~Blackw. 117. cael dan. 642—Pet. 23. 5- Matth. 11. 155—H. ox. vii. 32. 2 Road Ee and rubbish. . Heads quite smooth, very large, an inch in diame- ter, green Bloss. purplish. s, when blanched, are eaten =a in the spring in pene? They lose theif bievesnias by cultivation. The roots, e the
stem shoots up, are eatable, and, when dried, wail make bread. ‘Sheep : goats, and swine eat it... Cows and horses refus:
SYNGENESIA, AXQUALIS. Serratula, 679
New Cross, Kent. Ray. small, smooth, of the size of a hazel nut, broadish at the base, brown, Bloss. purple. Ray, Pet: 23 3: - Heads the size and colour of those of var. 4, round- er, see or purplish, and with.a considerable quantity of aeateee Ray
Pet. 23. 4—F. B. iii. 571. 1. Near Halifax, Yorkshire. Ray. Var. 6. With leafy heads. Piux. Pet. 23.°2.
About London. Aug. Per. Diii.*
SERRA’TULA. Calye nearly cylindrical, tiled : scales not awned. S. Leaves se shaped and wing-cleft: i Jeininiting tincto’ria. segment very large: florets all alik Fl. dan. 281—-E. bot. 38—Ger. 577+ cates 945. 1-Cluse ii. 8, 1—Dod. 42. 3-Lob. obs. 288. 25 and ic. i. 534-Ger. em. 713. 1—Pet. 22. 6-F. B. iil, 23. 2—Park, 475. a.
ca g a ja | pe be & yl, g ER 5 ge ie BS | aoe be % = coe) a co 3F et
ooicn: seminary or on the branches. Ca/. scales numerous, slightly cottony at the edges, the — rather longer. Boss. purple, oe m yellowish, shining, hairy. Cpblaasanace Common Saw-wort. Woods ; pasture P, July. Var. 2. Blossoms white. a [A pay. five miles from Huntingdon, on sie north road. t. Woo d.J
Nat. 5s “All the leaves entire. Mr. Woop.
* Before the flowers appear,*the stems, stripped of their rind, are boiled and eat like seins ese When raw they are good with oil and Vinegar.—-A, decoction of the roots is est coined by some very sensible phy- Sicians, as equal, if not superior to that of sarsaparilla. y tS,
The Phalena Humuli feeds upon the roots, and the Mottled age Moth upon the ta —A horse t the leaves, and has been ob- Served to eat t the. sas. Sto :
580.
alpi’na.
arven’sis.
SYNGENESIA. AZQUALIS. Serratula.
Kniph. 2-Ger. 576. 1-Matth. 945, 2-Clus. ti. 8. 1—Doed. 42. 3—Lob. obs. 288. 25 and ic. i. 534. 1—-Ger. em. Ee l=
Var. 4. Lower leaves entire, the upper part cut, Hatt. ¥ bFDe2 Var. 5. All the leaves jagged, Hatt ; wing-cleft, without the large terminating segment. Wings spear-shaped, serrated.*
Zanon. 94. S. Calyxes somewhat hairy, egg-shaped: leaves undi- vided. Se
E. bot, 599-Lightf. 19, at p.449-Pluk. 154. 3-Gmel. ii. 26. Root-leaves egg-spear-shaped, serrated, he pete not end.
ing in agg but expanding, smooth above; oolly and whitish undernea tem-leaves 7 to 10, spear-st fea very entire, nearly caine Stem undivided, a span high. Flowers 8 to 12,
nearly cylindrical. Linn. About 5 inches high. Stem ona Leaves 6 or 7; cottony underneath, Flowers about 6 ; nating, blue. own stiff and strong 3 feathere
sides Highland Mountains, and n i Anandal. gon [On the sg ite rocks of css Tombs nedd, b y Ddeseil, in places scarcely crera Ble: Mr. Grurrira.] P, Aug. Sept.
Z sa 2, cynoglossifolia. Leaves spear-shaped, narrow. Hatt. IGHT Fl. dan. 37-Dill. elth..7€-Gmel. ii. 32+
Near a rivulet on the rock Rhiw’r Glyder above the lake Lhyn y Cwn near Llanberys, Caernarvonshire. Rar
S. Leaves toothed, thorny.
Kuiph. 6-Fl. dan. 644—Col. ecphr. i. 46-Ger. em. 1173. 4 | Park. 959. 7-H. ox. vii. 32, 14-Pet. 21. 5-F. B. iti. a 59. 2. Tt has the habit of a Carduui, Lixn, Add to which, that the down of the seed is very long. Mr, Woopwarp: = hair like. Bloss. pale purple,
ig plant is — es used by the dyers to give a ong colours but is ER abe te the Reseda, therefore its. use is confined to the coarse® woollen clot Sates pou it Horses not fond of it. Sheep, swine, and cows selaes it,
SYNGENESIA, ASQUALIS. Carduus. 681 Carduus arvensis. Cur - 533. Core Saw-wort. Way Thistle. Cornfields a sad sides, P, July.* Var. 2. Leaves much less thorny, not so deeply indented.
Y>
Ger, 1011. 5. Amongst the corn in Battersea Fields, over against Chelsea, Ray. [Found by e somewhere in Devonshire, and c
tivated in both our pe ti for some years past, Ms: Baurarp.]
CAR’DUUS. Calyx bellying, tiled ; scales thorny: receptacle hairy.
(1) Leaves decurrent,
C. Leaves toothed, thorny at the edge: flowers in bunches, palustris. upright : fruit-stalks without thorns Gmel. ii. 23. 2-H. ox. vii. 32, 13—Pet. 21. 4.
Fruit-stalks without thorns. Calyx closely tiled, smooth, the points of the scales being hardly discernible. ae ag a~ é
en, tipped with deep purple, rot a rib along the back, ending in a short expanding thorn not pungent ; inner point without thorns. Bloss. segme swap even with the anthers, ed than the pistil. Doaww shorter than the. ames! rays fringed - with oe hairs. Woopwarp. Bless. purple ; sometimes white, rshy meadows and moist shady alee Teed wet mies ries Woopwarp. | P. tr. 2. cristatus. A monstrous variety, with a broad a oF, aad head of flowers. Stem 2 of an inch broad. Cluster of flowers 2 inches and an half broad, the upper edge crowned with a continued line of flo- _ Fets, so as to give it. the eee af the Cockscomb Ama- tanthus of the gardens. Tt grew in the middle ofa pasture, The root produced the same for 2 years together.
C. Leaves indented, thorny at the edge: calyxes on fruit- Acanthoi‘des. stalks, star, upright, woolly,
* It is said to yield 2 a yery pure vegetable alkaly when burnt. Goats eat it; neither cows, horses, sh ge r swine are found of it. Linn, Horses sig yo eat the young tops. S
s, and almost all the veh species of this grate may be eaten like the A ock, before the ti are formed, Sw eat it; horses are very fond of it; cows refuse
652 SYNGENESIA. QUALIS. Carditus
Gurtss Cy palyacanthoo=Facq. austr. 249—Lob. ics ii. Rim Tabern. 1080. t-Ger. 1010. 1-Ger. em. 1173. 1-F. B: iii. 59=+H. ox. vii. 30. 11—Pet. 21. 2.
with white elevated long lines. Leaves hatberd-wingllt
Stem and snriskled underneath with white upright hairs, as in C, |
crispus. Fruit-stalks with a leafy thorny border, ‘in which it
sO as to yn is: the floret the appearance of having 2 lips an upper
C. wutans or C. Ace Styles as long again as the florets. : hi
r Wi blunt, somewhat A aearneea with 5 imperfect — the ter-
minating one very broad and blunt, ony underneath, above
mooth, excepting a few short hairs arising from glandular warts; rib ng in sharp yellow thorns; shose above pointed, wings triangular, confluent. Flowers sitting, crowded together, point- i peat » sidewise, and | me: sometimes in branched bunches, ‘aise the branches, on short fruit-stalks upright
with the pisti. D, early as long as the blossom, wha le Woopw. Scales of ihe ely scarcely ehaay not close as in the C. palustris. Curt. Flowers purplish red, sometimes white.
C. cviipas of Li a zalisat . Huns. C polyacanthos. © Curt. nn
on ba nks and under walls fear andi * Ps and also in waste places far from the coast. I had it growing for some years with- ra doreaee M¥ Woopwarp. Road sides about London.
A. June—Septe _
tenuiflo’rus. C. Leaves thorny at the edge: branches strai cht, flowers in suet sitting : calyxes meu cylindrical, scales upright but open; pungen Curt.-E, bot. 412-F. B. iii. 56. 1. (not 516 asin Fil. Lond.) —Park. 982. 5—H. ox. vii. 31. 13. Stem and branches nee, straight, cottony upwards ; borde redy
borders thorny. Leaves cottony underneath. Calyxes oblong= _
‘ conical ; scales upright, ‘spreading at top, long, narrow, ending
SYNGENESIA. MQUALIS. Carduus. 683
ina yellow thorn as Jong as»the florets. Curr. mei rt pale purplish red. C. acanthoides. Huds. ‘There has been fusion about this and the preceding species, chiefly caused cs the synonyms given to the C. acanthordes in the Fl. suec. being mis- placed, for, except the reference to Jt. scan. they really belong “4 this plant,. reading Bawh. bist. iii. P. 56, instead of 59, an Moris. hist. tii. ps 153, instead of p. 15.
Slender-flowered. Thistle. Hedges, ditch ae and nee walls ; very common near London P, July, Aug.
C. Leaves with winged clefts, hispid ; segthents strad- sincera Wie dling: calyxes egg-shaped, thorny, woolly: stem hairy.
E. bot. 107—Fl. dan. 1173—Tabern. 1078. 2—Ger. 1011. 6— Ger. em. 1174. 6—Park. 982. 9-H. ox. vii. 31. row i. aes 2hs Prick B. iii. ea 1.
dihisting. the stem, cotton eath, hairy and deep green above ;_wi 5 ‘i rminat
long, the side ones mostly g ear to the base ah segments, one pointing upwards, the other downwards, terminating, as do
also the wings of the part running down the ra in sharp stiff
white thorns, which are extensions of the ribs. Ca/yx with nu-
Merous ranges of spear-shaped scales, somewhat SONY colin
in sharp stiff white thorns, the inner strap-s » poin
orny. Bloss. purple. Dow feathered, almost "as aig as = : blossom. Woopwarp. It varies from 2 to 5 feet high, or more, Spear Thistle. Rubbish, road sides, and pel waste places. B. July, Aug.*
C. Leaves decurrent half way dowr. towards the next be- nu’tans, low; thorny: fruit-stalks ae nt calyx, scales expanding upwards.
Fl, dan. 675-H. ax. Vil. 31. row 1s 6-Py 21. 1-F. B. iii. G, Se
Fruit-stalks with 1 flower. Floavers sweet-scented in the night, Styles bent back towards the sides. Linn. Svems 2 to
684 SYNGENESIA. AQUALIS. Carduus. |
3 feet high, scored, cottony. Branches alternate. Fruit-stalks terminating, cottony, particularly that which terminates the stem. Leaves with winged clefts ; wings egg-shaped, with strong thorns. Ca/. scales spear-shaped, cottony, with the rib running along the back terminating in a thorn, the lowermost bent back, the inner BE im, thorns. Dewy hair-like, nearly as long as the flor dee ang Stem leaves, and calyxes over-
cales very strong, horizo Atal when the flower is phew
grey, globular, set with fine points. Musk Thistle. Pastures in a calcareous soil. AA raters sides in a sandy or gravelly soil, Stoxes. Marlborough Downs. ]
ke "jud, July.
(2) Leaves sitting. maria’nus, C, Leaves embracing the stem, halberd-shaped and wing- * cleft; thorny : calyx without any leaves near it: thorns channeled, and set with other hittle thorns. Kuiph. 1-Curt. 148-Blackw. 79-Ludw. 35-Fuchs. 56- - Fe Be tii. a. 52..2-Trag 850-Lanic. i. 70. 2-Ger. 989- Pet. 21. 9—Dod. 722. 1-Lob. obs. 479. 1, and ic. ti. 7.2 Ger. em. 1150~-Park. 976. 1-H. ox. vii. 30. row 2.1 $ 4—Maith, 676. ves are eeoreally ornamented with broad and beau- tifully Sun veins, though they are sometimes entirely green. The large purple scan and the strong thorns of the calyx, an inch or more in length, sufficiently distinguish this from out other spec Milk 7 Thistle. Ladies Thistle. Ditch banks and wrt sides, borders of cornfields, and on rubbish. A. Aug.”
erioph’orus, C. Leaves with winged clefts poles 2 ways, every other segm ight: calyxes globular, woolly. Tess austr. 171—E. bot. 386-Clus. ii. 154—Ded. 723-L0b- f 482.1, and sc..ti. 9, 2-Ger, em. ibe B, iit a. pate 978-Mill. ic. 203... Stem 2 feet high, branched, flowering the second —_ Cal. as large as anegg; points of the scales st Erepehapes, be ontal,
* This is eaten when en young as a sallad, The young stalks peeled, and soaked in water to take off the bitterness, ate excellent. The scales ry the cup aré as good as Artichokes, The root is aoa to eat early i
Sprung.
SYNGENESIA. a Carduus.
)
feaves embracing the stem; lobes not so regular, all spear- shaped, the terminating one long. Frait-stalks setdes; extremely cottony. Ca/yxes clustered, terminating the stem and branches ;
covered and interwoven with a ree cottony wool. Axthers ex.
The fice lobes of the leaves pointing soe RSE umes tally and downwards, pret oe this plant at first s Woolly-headed Thistle. Friar’s Crown. Both in “fat and ows
mountainous mea and pastu ay. Bredon Hill, Wor- cestersh y the road side between Stamford and
ntham, plentifully. Dr. J TH. out Ripton, Hun- tingdon oopw. Hillend Bank in Longdon Parish,
Worcestersh. Mr. Battarp. On the foot way between Clark- “ ee and Kemsay, Worcestershire. St. Near Truro, Corn. all. } B. July-
685
C, Leaves pert airs r sgged and edged with unequal praten’sis. ri
ottony um erneath : stem cottony, gene- rally ei, é flower and 2 leaves. E, bot. 177—Pet. 22. 1-Clus. it. 148. 1-—Ger. em. 1183. 1- Lob. obs. 314. 4, and ic. i. 583, 1-Park. 961. 3-F. 2. iii. 45, 2.
4 or 5, oblong-spear-shaped, ragged at the edge, and fringed with softish prickie es aecod y scan fe forming regular teeth, as re- Presented i “ most of the figures. Stem- dean ves generally 2, some~ times only 1, half ca ae ape stem; the upper not prickly at the edge, Hse terminated by a long fr thorn. All the leaves Steen, and more or less a above, grey and cottony under-
neath. Calyx, scales thick and strong, cobwebbed or cottony at the edges, terminating in a soft thorn. Blossom red, Anthers
686
helenio‘ides.
SYNGENESIA. Al{QUALIS. Carduns.
with 5 horny, yellow, spear-shaped points. Summit sylindtical, blunt, not notched at the end. Dow feathered. ~ This plant was well known to Mr. Ray, nor was it unknown
our plant. Meadow Thistle. ponalestended ot Sua English. soft ot gentle Thistle. Cirsium anglicum : 193. C. betero- BE Light, ati Relh, 306. Moix eueinre and pas- tures, not uncommon. [Near Heydon, Norfolk. Bryant.— Sw mary peadaws near £ Robinson’ s End, Malvern Chace, Wor-
cester ALLARD.—Meadows between: Pucklechurch and Mangots feld, nlenteeel Mr. Swaynz.—Woods in the Isle of Wight. ] P..May, June,
C. Leaves ee the stem, spear-shaped, toothed, fri with | small unequal thorns; stem w ithont hint:
E. bot. 675-Hall. 7. at is p. 77-Mill. 91-Clus. ii. 148. 2 Ger. em. 1183. fig. 2d-Park. 961. 5—-F. B. iii. 46, 2- & ing 220 26
the way up, Leaves 40 to 50, half embracing the stem, toothed not jagged, fringed with soft thoms, the ears at the base ee — back, and growing to the stem; flower-/eaves awl-sha
eh teat English soft, or Melanckel Thistle. Cirsium Britan- nicum Clusis repens. Ray Syn. 193. Mr. Ray thought this plant specifically different from the preceding, and our later botanists ve entertained the same opinion, but it is not equally agreed
i e same plant by
However this may be, the alpine plant we now sear of must not be confounded with the lowland meadow C. pratense, which 1t only resembles in its cottony leaves and sue flowered stalks but from which it differs in its great size, its thick hollow stalk, its stem being clothed with leaves, and its leaves being more fe-
”
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Carduus.
gularly serrated. Flowers arise Mig i See e+ aged s de. scription taken from Linn. and H Mountainous pastures in Yorks ve Westmoreland, eas
rt. —Between Shap and Orton, Westmorel. Woopw. S-Rhoat Hamsterley Sod Witton, Durham. Mr. aoe Ps June; July. * War. 2. heterophyllus. Leaves riieate the stem, spear- shaped, fringed, either entire or jagged: stem: peers supporting wi » Lin
em somewhat branched, bearing mist o 6 flowers
wing-cleft ; lower stem-leaves wing-cleft, middle ones toothed, . oe ‘Thave seen both varieties from the same root. UDS. obson also thinks that this is merely a var. of the Cc helenioidles with divided root-leaves, which is frequently found in the mountainous parts of the counties of York and Dur- m, growing with that; and he moreover believes that both sorts of leaves sometimes spring from the same root. Mr. Grif- fith also confirms this opinion.
C. Stemless: calyx smooth. E. bot. 161-Facg. ic. iti. 579-FI. dan. 1114-Clus. ii. 156. 1—Leb. obs. 480. 3, and ic. ii. 5. 1-Ger. em. 1158—Park, 969. 4—F. B. iii. a. 63. 1-H. ox. vii. 32. 12—Pet. 21.6 ~—Barr. 493-Trag: Bahai, i. 68. 1
-
acau‘lis.
+
687
688
SYNGENESIA. AQUALIS. Onopordon.
My. Woopw.—Dry hsathe on ‘ia western side of the “a i? . Mr. Rogso
ONOPOR’DON. Recep?. like a honeycomb: ca- lyx bellying : scales sharp-pointed.
Acan'thium. O, Calyx scales expanding, their points standing out: leaves b indented,
vulga’ris.
egg-oblong, indente Curt. 334-Fl. dane 909-Fuchs. 57+F. B. ill, a. 54.2— Trags 858-Dod. 721. 2-Ger. em. 1174. 5~Park. 979 1—Pet. 21. 10—Lonics i. 71. 2-Gers 988. Land 2-Dede 721, 1~Lob. obs. 476. 1, and ies 1 15°1+Ger. ems 11496 1-H. ox. vii. 30. row 2. 1-Matth. 67 1—Lonic. i. 70. 3-
A oxevii. 30. row t. 1. Plant of a hoary green. Stem with a straight leafy border running up to the calyx. Cai. scales expanding, awl-shaped. Bless. sometimes white. Lryw. “Plan gen Bea, onveted. ae a
: on Depeies, Cotton 1 *histle. On ru ubbish and road jiu [Ro oad from Worcester to Droitwich, near Henlip. Mr. Baxer. | B. July.t
CARLI'NA. Calyx radiated ; Ay scales next the blossoms long, coloure C. Stem with many flowers in a So flowers ter- minating: rays of the calyx yellow white. : Fi. dan. 1174—Matth. 669-Clus. ii. 156. 2—Dods 739+ 2* Lob. obs. 489.1, and ic. ii. 20. 2-Ger. em. 1159. I= Park, 981-—Fuchs. 121-F. B. iii. a. $1. 2-Trag. $59- Dod. 728. 1—Lonic. i 1. 68. 2 —Ger. 997. ie ws refuse i Le It Kills all plants which grow beneath it ee it is var injurious in meadows. Liny. ‘The difterent species afford
rishment to the Cassida | viridis and nebulosa : Papilio Cardui ; Cicada core muta ; sen Cardui ;
e, and the young : ie be boiled and eaten like. ieee —The ancients hots ras this ig they . specific in cancerous cases.—-Cows, sheep, and horses refuse it.
SYNGENESIA. AZQUALIS. Bidens,
-It continues, after it is dead, unchanged even for the whole of the second year, a mournful spectacle! Linn. Root long, spin- dle-shaped, with a few sti res. Stem 12 to 15 inches high, swelling just above the root, cylindrical, ribbed, purple, slightly downy, dividing above like an umbel. Leaves very numerous, clothing the whole stem and decreasing in size upwards, the lower sitting, the upper embracing the stem, deeply toothed, the teeth armed with numerous yellow thorns ; those at the base o each branch, larger than the upper stem-leaves ; those of the branches smaller than the stem-leaves, the uppermost join and
tm the lower ones of the calyx. Ca/. scales purplish, edged and terminated with branching yellow thorns; the innermost strap-shaped, pointed at the end, dry, fringed with long hairs to- wards the base, straw-coloured within, without reddish brown to-
spear-shaped, purple, straw-coloured below. Seed woolly ; dow sitting, rays 9 to 12, generally 11, either single, or with 2 or 3
the clearest proofs of a natural generic difference. Stoxes. e. Dry meadows and pastures. B. June.*
BI'DENS. Recept. chaffy: down rough with straight
awns: calyx tiled.
B. Leaves spear-shaped, embracing the stem: flowers on crooked fruit-stalks : seeds upright. Curt. 192-FlI. dan. 841-F. B. ii. 1074—Ger. 574-Pet. 206 6—Lob. adv. 227, and ic. 1. 529, eaves with distant serratures. Floqwer-/eaves very entire. Seeds with 4 awns, 2 of which are larger. Woopwarp. Stem alittle hairy. Leaves opposite. Ca/. segments egg-spear-shaped, with black lines. Blossom and summits yellow. Anthers brown. Germen pyramidal, with 4 corners ; awns 4, with prickles point- ing downwards. f _ Nodding Double Tooth. Water Hemp Agrimony. Wet ditches, marshy places. A. July, Aug.
It is said to be an excellent remedy in hysterical cases. Amen. Acad. : Goats eat it. Cows refuse it. Linn. Its presence indicates soil,
A gS aga £3
cer’nua.
triparti’ta.
SYNGENESIA. ZQUALIS. Eupatorium.
Var. 2. Flowers with radiated florets in the circumference. Fl, dan. 841—Barr. 1209-H. ox. vi. 5. 22. -If it should be proved by observation to be a Bidens, let it ” referred to that genus, if it be constant, to remain as a species of Conreptit Linn. Frequently on the same plant Wales i Woopw. as in the lower part of the figure in the Flora Dan Coreopsis Ridews waar In England, and ore ee equent in Ireland. R. Syn. 187. About Tarporley and other places in Cheshire. Hoos, 2 Norfolk, but not common. At Ditching- ham DJ
Var. 3. ies vo . Fl. dam. 312, (the left hand figure and the dissected floret.)
Seems to differ in no other respect than in its dwarfish growth, and wanting the serratures on the leaves, which probably would appear if the plant acquired a more expanded growth in a moistet atmosphere. Var. 2 is probably only an unusual degree of ex- pansion from a very moist atmosphere.
B. minima. Lixx. In a fish pond on the moor near So- merset Bridge, Surry, Ditz. in R. Syn. [Ina splashy ri at the bottom of Tittensor poe ae Staffordshire ; and also ne Birmingham. Sr. A. [Oct. Sr]
B. Leaves 3-cleft : yeeds upright. Curt. 237-~Blackw. 519-Pet. 20. 7-Dod. 595. 1-Ger. em 711. 1~Park. 595.7—-H. ox. vi. 5.200 Leaves, Seaenst dee py serrated, the middle one much the largest. Calyx scales oval, fringed with hairs, the inner smooth, with yellow snemnbiiibediis s ed Seeds, awns sometimes Je r. Woopwarp. Flower. shea agg | ellow. Trifid Debletot Water Hemp. Water Agrimony. ig and watery places A. July, Aug ¥ared; Digaee Fl. dans 312, (right hand figure.) Only a starved plant, but.its upright flower and the incipient hac nee on the leaves sufficiently shew to which species ne:
EUPATO’RIUM. Recept. naked: down feather- ed :- calyx one tiled : sty/e long, clover half way dow
cannab'inum, E, Calyx 5-flowered : ne with finger-like divisions.
E. bot. 428—-Fl. dan. 745—Blackw. 110~Fuchs. 965-7 B. ii. 1065. 2-Trag, 491-Lonie, i, 241. 2-Matth, 1019-
SYNGENESIA. AEQUALIS. Santolina.
Dod. 28. 2~Lob. obs. 285. 1; and it. i, 528. 2—Ger. tit. 453. 2-H. ox. vil. 13. 1—Park. 595. Stem 3 or 4 feet high, branched. reg mostly 3, sometim 5, spear-shaped, sharply serrated at the base, and towards re sha Seed:
int very entire. Cai. scales few, strap-shaped. s scored, smooth, little more than a line long. Doz sitting, hair-like, when viewed with a glass finely toothed, not 3 lines } r. Wo em ish, ‘rather phe ogre slightly woolly. Leaves serrated, slightly woolly. . a loured, a wi hairy. Florets 5 and 6. Blass i. parplia h re sometimes white: clefts shallow. Svzy/es and shientits ih a ot: o sod annie with minute shinies gl
ules. emp Agrimony. Dutch Agrimony. Water A aa. Water ng Common Hempweed. Banks of rivers a Se Ss Aug.
Var. 2. Leaves single, egg-spear-shaped.
This is the seedling plant of early flowers the first year ; the ae year, as I have frequently observed, it has fingered leaves.
W
RD Near Lee, in » the Rus: to Eltham, Ditt. [Near Bungay, Suffolk, Mr. Woopwarp. |*
SANTOLI'NA. Recept. chaffy : down none: caly« tiled, hemispherical. S. Flowers forming a corymbus; leaves oblong, blunt, scolloped, very downy. E. Lot. Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. 141-Mill. 135-F. B. iii. a. 157. 2- Pet. 20. 8—Lob. adv. 201, and ic. i. 480. 1-Ger. 516-
691.
maritima.
Clus. i. 329. 3-Dod. 65-Ger. em. 640. 3-Matth. 860
H. ox. ™ 4, 47.
Whole slant cottony. Leaves pear-shaped, scolloped, blunt.
Cha. as Sbhgs as ret calyx. Seeds 2-edged, down-less, whence it seem to be rather a species of Santolina. Linn. Blossom bright yellow.
: t. ata: maritima. Lyn. Sea Cotton-weed. Sea Cud- weed. On the sea shore. Near Abermeney Ferry in Anglesea ; and between Penzance and St. Michael’s Mount, Cornwall. Isle of Rcd ; and near Pool, Roranbire: [On the Devonshire
st.] P. Aug. Sept.
* An infusion of a handful of it vomits and purges eesti: An ounce of the root in decoction is a full dose. In smaller doses sick oe = Sants take it as an alterative, vag = an antiscorbutic. Goats . Cow horses, sheep, and swine refuse
z2z2
vulga’re.
campestris.”
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Tanacetum.
SUPERFLUA.
TANACE’TUM. Recept. naked: down none: calyx hemispherical, tiled : florets of the cir- cumference 3-cleft, narrow-strap-shaped ; sometimes wanting.
T. Leaves doubly winged, cut, serrated.
Woadv. 115—Kniph, 2-Ludw. 22-Fl. dan. 871-Dod. 36.1
~—Lob, obs. 432+ 1, and ic. 749. 1-Ger. em, 650. 1—Park.
1. b.-H. ox, vi. 1. row 1.1. f. 1-Pet. 20. 9-Blackw.
464—Fuchs. 46-F. B. iii, a..131. 2-Ger. 525. 1-Trag. 158—Mazth. 908—Lonie. i. 151.3.
oe ret of the circumference sometimes appear in warm
ater Lix ‘owers in a corymbus, yellow ; those Aerma-
peta jicleft females 5-cleft. Revuan. Stem frequently red-
ish, Leaves winged, leafits = wings spear-shaped,
deeply and acutely serrated. Woopwa
Common Tansy. Mountainous tale ye and pastures. Banks
of rivers and swampy places. [Banks of the Invell and other
pert about Manchester. Mr. Carey. Banks of the Dove.
irt. Between Piper’s Hill and Bridgewater, ee) in i veankite, frequent. | P, June
Var. 2. Leaves curled. Ger. 525. 2—Dod. 36. 2—Lob. obs. 432. 35 and ic. i. 749.2 —Ger. em. 650. 2-Park. 81. a—F. B. iii. 132.
Ray tells us that this variety was first observed in England. [It grows by the Tees near Connis Cliffe, Durham. Mr. Rossow. |* ARTEMISTA. Receptacle either slightly ar EH ie
naked : down none: calyx tiled ; thes soonaial closing : florets radiate, none. (1) Stems trailing before the time of flowering. A. “Tie many-cleft, strap-shaped : stems trailing, rod- ike.
a warm deobstruent bitter, and its flavour not ungrat ateful. + The eates ‘fae are sometimes used to give a colour and flavour to 4 a
dings. ~ If a dead animal substance is rubbed this plas , the flesh fy will not attack it ers obtain a green dye from it. ©OW® and sheep eat it. orses, goats, and swine refuse it. 4 eo nourish-
aoa to the Aphis Tanaceti, and Chrysomela Tanaceti, Linn. The seeds ean excellent vermifuge.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Artemisia.
E. bot. 338-Fl. dan. 1175-Ger. 948. 5, Abrot. camp.-F. B. ili. a 194. 2—Pet. 20. 4—Dod. 33. 2—Lob. obs. 442. 3. and ic. i, 767. 2-Ger. 1106, 5—Park. 94. 7—Matth. 852 —Lonic. li. 256 Zs Branches simple, alternate, from the bosom of the leaves, somewhat drooping. Flowers solitary, pointing one wa Semale florets mostly 9, the hermaphredite 8. Summits orbicula, glass-shaped. . Receptacle naked. Linn. Stems numerous, an- gular, declining, much branched. Leaves, the upper frequently simple, very narrow. Heads very small, scarcely more than a line broad, numerous, single, either sitting or in short branched spikes. Cal. scales few, bluntly egg-shaped, approaching, green, — downy atthe back, the edges membranaceous, whitish, ining. Florets not longer thari the calyx. Woopwarp. Lewoes dhread-alinpd, from ~ to 1 inch or more in length. Flowers Bloss. reddish brown Field Southernwood. Balks of cornfields and road sides at Elden, Suffolk, and a mile from Barton Mills on the road to Lynn. — Near Thetford, on the side ae the road to Norwich. Woopwarp. ] P. July.
A. Leaves many-clefi, Peay, bunches on crooked marit/ima.
fruit-stalks : female flore
pe 940. 1—Pet. 20. 2 and ree ite 1. 755. 1-Ger. em, nage 1-H. ox. Vi. 2. 20H. OX bin 2. 196
naked. The felt seldom pen m raga Linn. Whole plant ° . vary . res S19 generally situ satimedleagli blunt. Woopwarp. 5S, ae 2. Segments of the leaves very short. Ff. B. iii, a@177-Barr. 460.
Sea Southernaood. Sea hgdetesces Sea shores. [ Yarmouth, and elsewhere on the coast. Woopwarp. Sea coast between pein and. Barrow. Mr Goucu. Isle of os Mr.
N.]
* This in its wild state smells like Marum or inp: but in our
Sardens it is less grateful, though still much more grateful than the e Next Species, It - used as an ingredient in distilled waters, and i thrice its weight of fine sugar it is formed into a conserve. Its virtues are t
Same with those of the next oe but i in a weaker degree. Horses it; cows, goats, and sheep refus
694
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Artemisia.
(2) Stems upright, herbaceous :: Leaves compound.
Absin'thium. A. Leaves compound, many-cleft: flowers somewhat glo- y.
4
vulgaris.
bular, pendent: receptacle woo
Kniph. 4—-Ludw. 76-Woodv. 120-Blackaw. 17-Maith, 685~ Dod. 23-Lob. obs. 433. 25 and ic. i. 752. 1-Gers em. 1096. 1—Park. 98. 1-H. ox. vi. 1. row 3. 1-Ger. 937. 2-Trag. 335—Ger. 937. sek 20, 1-F: B. iii. a. 168 Gmel. ii. Ae
naceo Shas scored, whitish, with very short down. Leaves silky very soft ; segments blunt, am the lower on long flat onan Spikes upright. Flowers turned downwards. Leaves dark green on the upper, but ue on the under re * Biles. Pepenieh white. mavood Southernwooed. Wormwood. Road = ie places, foi on rubbish,
A. Came wing-cleft, flat; cut, cottony underneath: bunches simple, bending: florets of the circum- ference 5.
FI. dan. 1176—Ludaw. 153=Blackw. 431—Woodv. 121-H. om vi, le. row Gg, ge A 3-—Marsd. 848-—Dod. aoe 1-Lod. obs.
* The leaves and flowers are very bitter ; the roots are warm and aro matic. A considerable qu weet bed essential ~ rises from it in distilla- tion, This oil is —_ both externally sat i internally to destroy worms.
The leaves, put into sour i soon destroy the acescency. They resis sist Putrefaction, and are therefore a principal ys Se pe er antiseptic fomen- tations. An infusion of them is a'good stomachic, h the addition of fixed alkaline sala wertal diuretic in some eae cases. The ashes afford a more pure rye salt than most other vegetables, oir ing Bean-stalks, (ty the devin trees. In the Aman. Ac P I innzus mentions gts ses, wherein an essence prepared this plant, and taken fora cohiidatabla e time, prevented the tormé
acids. It might be suspected that, like other bitters, its long
s the action of the % sf
Stances no suc 00 ce. An sion i. pe
that suckles, makes her milk bitter. It gives a bitterness to the flesh of
t t it.—Horses goats are not fo it; nd swine
refuse it. Lr wr are fond of r. bol A orse eat
a th plant mi a in boiling water, and repeatedly appli lied to a brutise,
: 1 remove the pain in a short time, and prevent ie swelling and dis- pec i of the part. Sr,
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Gnaphalium.
44161, and ic. is 764. 2~Ger. em. 1103. 1—Park. 90 and :
91. 2-Ger, 945. 1, 2—Fuchs. 44-7. B. lii. @. 184. 3-
Trag. 344~—Lonie. 5. 151, pe 3 Receptacle naked. Linn. . Stem angular, scored, often red, owny above. Leaves above +igair and slightly cottony ; under- neath*white with thick cotton ; wings oval-spear-shaped, deeply serrated, almost lobed, the rerminatin one large, with 3 lobes.
w of the leaves. Bloss. purplis Mu wort. Southermwood. Borders of fields, “ banks, and on ‘ubbi sh. P. Aug.*
(3) Leaves simple, undivided. A. Stem-leaves spear-shaped, entire; root-leaves many- cleft : female ; H. ox. Vi. 1. 5~Dod. 26, 2-Lob. obs. 441. 2, and ie. i 765. 2~Ger. em. 1104. 3—Matth. 687-Ger. 946
_ Leaves woolly on both sides. FYawers cylinidet nodding. Florets of os eae. 3. Hence its very close affinity to ; mente: from which, however, it differs totally in its leaves.
Bhai Southern Sea shores. Near Boston, 4s Lin- colnshire . P. Aug.
GNAPHA’LIUM. Receptacle naked : pia hair- like, or feathered : calyx tiled : sca/es round- ish: skinny, and coloured at the edge.
(1) Herbaceous ; yellow-flowered. G, Leaves sword-shaped, half embracing the stem, ser- pentine at the edge, blunt, downy on both surfaces flowers crowded close together.
some countries it is used as a newer aromatic. A decoction of
"Tn it is taken by the common yenin to cure the ague. The Chinese make Use of it in healing eenet A applying 5 the fresh plant bruised. Ossecx i. 3
4. A dram of the leaves powdered, was given four times a day, b Dr. Home, to a woman.who had been affected with hysteric fits for many ears, The fits ceased ina few days. In this patient Assafcetida and Ether n given to no purpose.—Sheep swine refuse it ; neither horses, cows, or goats are fond of it. Linn. r..Anderson informs us, that sheep ue very fond of it, devouring it with great ay psa —- Cially the roots, which seem to form a most delicate morsel. Aphi
Absinthii and she Phalena Gamma live upon the several species
-~
695
ceerules'cens.
sacmenrione
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Gnaphalium.
Dicks. b. s—Kniph. 1=Pluk. 3\. 6-Barr. 367~F. B. iii. a 160. 2—Pet. 18.-54Gere 522. 3-Clus. is S252 i—Ger. em. 643. 13-Park. 686. 64H. ox. vii. 11. row 2. f. 3-Lob.
ic. i, 485. 2-Park. 088.9.
Plant very woolly, Calyx yellowish, ee soft ; scales egg- spear-shaped. Female florets in the circumference numerous. Linn. Florets of the circumference with only pists; ; in the centre a few with stamens and pistils. Hatt.
Everlasting: Live-for-ever. Fersey C else: “Dry banks — walls in the island of Jersey, very common. R. Syn. Sea
st of Wales. Grr. em. West sea ‘coasts. Pate A July, Aug.
(2) Herbaceous ; wdhba? -flowered.
agok cias G. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, tapering, altern te: stem br
anched towards the top: flowers in a conyiae Muat, 614, 170-Clus. i. 327 .3—-Gere em. 641. 8—Pets 18.35 —Kuiph. 12-F. B. iii. av 162. 2—Park, par. 373. 3. Female florets few. Hatter. Stem extremely. cottony, white. Leaves numerous, strap-spear-shaped, long, sitting, growing without order, very entire, dark green and naked above, under- neath greenish white, with a shiek
cottony fruit-stalk, with a middle one sitting. Calyx bluntly egg-shaped, white, not ee Down abet ee as long as the calyx. Woopw
h e heard of has given us any fur act to
invalidate the pate as 4 Mr. ee It is Sacockt in our
pes. P. Aug:
dioi’cum. G, Runners ae stem undivided: “Spee ina simple corymbus
male and female flowers on distinct plants. Male plant—E£. bor, 267—Dod. 68, 1. 2-Lob. ic, i. 483. 1. 2-Ger. em. 640. 4 and 5—~Female plant.—E. bot. 267- Lightf. 20. 1. at p. 471-Ludw. 162-Kuiph. 3-Clus. \- 330. 1—Dod. 68..3-Lob. ic. i. 483. S—Ger. em. O41. 0- Park. 690. f. 5—Pet. 18. 4—Fuchs, 606-F. B. iii. a 102+ 3—Lonic. i. 95. 2-H. ox. vii. 11. row 3. fr: 2-Trag: 332 ~Garid. 30. at p. 168-Ger, 516.4, 5, 6-Lob. adv, 202+ 2, and ic. 1, 482, 2,
SYNGENESTA. SUPERFLUA. Gnaphaliuni.
-In the barren plants the a eee globular: in the fertile ones nearly cylindrical. -Liw - I believe it is rarely that ripe prod a,
root. Root ow eeveri creeping, ieaf, from the crown of the root. Raot-/eaves ina thi ck tuft, oval at the end, tapering below into a long leaf- stalk, green and slightly hairy above, underneath white with a thick cotton ; stem-/eaves numerous, strap-shaped, half oo teeaa the stem, green above, — and cottony underneat Stems upright, simple, 3 to 7 inches high, white, cotton ony. Heads 3-to 8, on chor fruit- “rset “Cal. scales blunt, the outer short,
green, cottony; the inner widening upwards, long, smooth, shining, white, ares ‘tinged with purple; in the barren plants shorter. Seed ; dows sitting, with simple rays,
that of the female phate longer than the calyx, that of the male Plants not exceeding the calyx. Woopwarp. Blossom white, purple, reddish.
Catsfoot. Cudaweed. Dry mountainous pastures in the north of England, Wales and Cornwall, and on Newmarket Heath not far from Bottesham Beacon. {Canham Heath near Bury, Swaff- ham Heath, Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Prrcurorp. Abun- dantly on the north and west side of the county mi Durham. Mr. Ronson. | P. May, June.
a Fit lieu? resembling the Filagos.
697
G. Stem undivided, upright: leaves gamer: s oh lease
~ rowing at the ‘bases flowers in a crowded term ing leafy spike “RL dan. 254.
Differs from the G. rectum in havieg Wunader te leaves, anda short clustered spike of black flowers Leaves more attenuated at the base, and less naked on the upper surface than inGne rectum. Dr. SMITH. -
Mountain \Cudweed. Gn. Norvegicum. Retz. and FI, dan. G. Sy/vat. var, Lightfoot. Woods on mountains in the High
of Scotland. ae:
g
G. Stem upright, terminating in a leafy compound-spike: rec’tum.
leaves stra -spear-shaped, almost naked on the upper side, E. dr:
E. bot. 124—Pet. 18. 6-Lob. adv. 202. 1, and ic, i. 482. 3. G. angl.—F. B. iii. 160. 1—Matth. 828. 2-Ger. 515. 1- Ger. em. 639. 1-H. ox. vii. 11, 1. Leaves green and hairy above, white and cottony under- neath ; root-leaves long, sntess Aplat ahs ped, very narrow, in open 8tound forming a thick tuft; stem-/eaves strap-shaped, em-
698
supi’num,
itt gino’sum,
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Gnaphalium,
bracing the stem, numerous. Stem in woods ys solitary, 12to 18 inches high, in open ground several from
shorter, often at first declining, but very soon Bir en.
Flowers in a Jong bunch. Flower-stalks very Sorts lateral,. from the bosom of the leaves, with from 1 to 5 or more Somsiiga the lowermost somewhat distant, the upper crowded. Flower~' leaves similar to, but smaller than the stem-leaves, Heads very small. Cal. bluntly evide a at the base, yellowish spe upwards, smooth, with shin ing e edges; the outer Short t, the in
; m nly 3 inches high. Hermaphrodite florets 3. Down hair-like. St. Leaves narrow, sha arp, downy ven oe Gases white, shin-
vene® Saidueed ka sylvaticum, Bot. arr. ed. ii. Pastures
a s ina sandy soil. Rough pastures near Fladbury, Wor. cestershire. Na AsH. [On the great Island in Winandermete. rming ood near. Norwich.. Mr. Woopwarp... Sand heath a mile from Shiffnall. on the road to Wolverhampton. Banks of the eral in the parish of Coseley, Warwickshire. St. Pastures and woods in the county of Durham, Mr, Rorsoy. es about eal Staffordsh. ] P. Aug.
G. Stem undivided, trailing: flowers scattered. - Dicks. h. s—Lightf. 20.2. at p. 47 1-Scop. 57. at iis p. wile Bocce. rar. 20. 1. at p. 41.
Flowers mostly female, but a few in the centre hermapio dite. Licurr. Reoot-/eaves strap-spear-shaped, slightly ae above, underneath.cottony, and greenish white, one half to quarters of an inch long, in tufts ; stem-/eaves sitting, narrow ~ and longer. Stem one and a half 1 to three inches high. Heads 3 and 4, ae either sitting, or on short cottony fruit-stalks, from the bosom of the upper leaves, which are not longer than the heads. Cal. scales Speer-the ed, with a green lon gitudinal
Dewar (Cod ane Granbichiant Sladen, Licutroor. Dry mountainous pastures and meadows. On almost all the Highland moun ay Ss) Mr. Brown, [On the top of Ben eo
SmitH P. July, Aug.
G. Stem branched, - Spreading : flowers crowded, termi- nating. Licks. b. Fl. dan. 8590-H. ox. vii, 11, 14. fe 4-Dod. 660 3—Lob. ic. i. 481. 1-Ger. em. 059. 2-Park. 4-Pet, 18, 7-Ger, 515,
ee a ee
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. -Gnaphalium.
Stem 3 to 9 inches high or more, upright, - a thick sa cotton, much branched ;_ branches spreadin re cotton thicker towards the end, the lower often ailing. cloathed an numerous leaves particulafly towards the end, and these thickest and most cottony. Leaves nm tapering into a long leaf. stalk; slightly cottony and greenish above, more cottony and whitish underneath. Ficawers adie sitting. Caf. scales spear- shaped, smooth, brown, shining, when in sced blackish, almost hid in the cotton. Dowz ied with simple rays, as long a
Leaves strap-shaped. Flowers cane. Cal. shirts yellowi rh erees turning pact scales skinny, inner ones coe Blass. y h.
Blac fe ded Cudweed. In watery places, especially where stagnant water has stood during the winter. A. Aug.
G. Stem forked, wba flowers awl-shaped, axillary: leaves thread-sh aped. Dicks. b. fees 208. mee Aes bo
Lea tony, but not hairy. Linn. Whole. plant ¢ cotton ine — cotton rae ‘chac either that ad the germanicum Stem much branched. Leav
awl-shaped, half scamainines the stem, about an ite long. Mr. OODWARD.
Filago ip Linn. Grass-leaved Cudqweed. Gravelly
cornfields. In sandy ground about Castle Haveningham,
[ Heaths, Dobsshan Mr. Woopwaro. |
terminating
Pet. 18. 11-H. ox. vii. 11. 3. aGer. 517. 8-Lob. ic. i. 481. 9 Gere Cit, G41. 6-7. BR, ill. a. 159-H. 0x. vil. 11.3.4, .
Stem much branched, a Leaves s —, sitting, Pressed to the stem, cottony, 3 or 4 lines long. Mr. Woop- Warp. Stems upright or spreading, 2 sd 6 inches high. Leaves Pressed to. Heads roundish, sometimes from the sides, with from 3 to5 flowers. Floqwers pyramidal, g-cornered, sitting, or on very short fruit-stalks. Hermaphr. florets 4, in the very centre, fertile. Fem. florets about 15 in the disc, and 4 or 5 in the cir- cumference, lying within the scales of the common calyx, all fertile. Anthers of the hermaphr. florets 4, with 2 bristles at the base. Bioss, 4-cleft. Seeds of all the florets of Lg centre sprinkled with very short glandular hairs, crowned with down; those of the florets of the circumference very smooth id down. less. Dowz hair-like. Hence it appears that one species at
G. Stem somewhat forked: flowers conical, axillary and ge.
699
gal’licum,
monta ‘num,
700 SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Gnaphalium.
t of Linneus’s Filago belongs to the Syngen. Seaton = nconscang 8 in structure as well as habit with the Guapbha- liums, St.
"Fi lago montana, Linn. Least Cudweed. Sandy meadows and pastures. [ Manchester Race aot Mr. Carey << 5 P. july; Aug. arven’se. G, Stem supporting a panicle: flowers conical, lateral. s there is no ee it is difficult to Aaya whether our ae Pr
germaniicum. G, Panicle ates flowers auidish, axillary, hairy: leaves acute.
Fl. dan. Fay hor 92-—Park. 685. 3—Pet. 18. 10=Fachs. 229--F. B. iii. a. 158—Lonic. i, 174. 3—Matth. 861—Dod. 66. 2-Lob. obs. 255. 1, and ic. i. 480. 2-Ger. em. 642 10+-H. ox. vii. 11. 1C~Pet. 18. 9—Ger. 517. 9-
Cal. 5-cornered. ‘Fem. florets not within the common calyx,
ut between its scales. Linn. Svems eral, the central one
low the f
nated by similar heads, from the base proceed, — —_ caine sO as ~ appear forked. Florets of 3 kinds. Fiore CENTRE OF THE DISC, 2 OF Jy hermaalicediog pried id cleft. Frorers oF THE SIDES
HE DISC, numerous, eds border 4-cleft, =e ; gr fer- tile. FLoreTs BETWEEN THE OUTER SCALES OF ALYX+ Seeds oblong. Lezrs. "Sioa upright, branched se be —_—
Branches rising above the stem. . Flowers conical, sittings y el- wish br
Stam. 4. Anthers-with 2 bristles at the base similar to those
Inula. St. Calyx outer scales very woolly ; the inner skinny
spear-shaped ending in long tayer points. Blossom yellow wish. t
Filago germanica. Linn. ryote’ Cudweed. Chafee Barren meadows, pastures, and road sides. A, July. , Avg.”
s given to cattle that have the bloody flux ; and hath been tt! ried with jie in similar complaints of the human body. —A horse cat it.
ae
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Conyza.
CONY’ZA. Recept. naked: down hair-like: calyx tiled, roundish: florets of dig circumference 3-cleft
ae Leaves spear-shaped, acute: stem herbaceous: flowers in a corymbus : scales of the calyx with their points turned vil Blackw, 102-7. B. ti. 1051, 2-Matth. 870-Clus. ii.-21, 2~Dod. 51. 2-Lob. obs. 308. 3, and ie. i, 574. 1-Ger. em. 792—Park. 114—Pet. 18. 1-H. ox. vii. 19. 23-Fi. dan. 022,
pis md in the circumference wit era ‘ndiiduch with se ies slightly cloven into 3, have at first sight the appearance of -iiaped d floret, but are really more of oe ahs of a strap- roa rs ey Bloss. dusky purple, or yellow
Great Flea-bane. Plowman’s Spikenard. has rd Plow- man’s-wort. Mountainous meadows and pastures and ed sides in acalcareous soil.’ [Woods in Norfolk in a clayey soil, very common. Dr. SmirH. AY Force ro tig a at Hollow Oak in F iy Fells. Mr. Jackson. ommon near Penny-
ridge, Mr. Arxinson. Tauesball "abbey. Shropsh. B. Ju ly, Aug. Sept.
ERI’GERON. Recept. naked: down hair-like: frorets of the circumference strap-shaped, very narrow.
E, Stem and flowers panicled, rough with hair: leaves spear-shaped, fringed.
Bocce: rar. 46, at = S6-H. ox. vii. 20: 20-Pet. 16. 12- Zanon. 23. 1. m firm, frequently crooked, much branched towards the
Sant Redoe) the lower oval, tapering into a leaf-stalk ; ; those
701
squarro’sa.
canaden’se.
702
api‘num.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Erigeron.
above spear-shaped, with distant serratures, slightly hairy above, more so underneath; those at the base of, and on the branches,
ference white, with a tinge of red.
Canada Fleabane. Cultivated ground and on rubbish.
About London, common. [St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol. ] A A. Aug. Sept.
E. Leaves blunt, woolly underneath: stem with 1 or 2 ers: calyx rather
E. bot. 464-Fi. dan. 29°—Fl. lapp. 9. 3-F. B. ii. 1047,
Found’ b Mr. Dickson on wet rocks o first discovered in this Island by the Rev. Mr. Stuart of Luss on Ben Lawers, and on Shuc and Lochain. Mr. Brown.
E. Fruit-stalks alternate, with 1, 2, or 3 flowers. .
Curt—F. B. ii. 1043. 2-Dod. 641. 4—Ger. em. 484. 10-Park
126. 6—Per. 16. 4—Col. ecphr. ii. 26. 2-H. ox. vii, 20. 25.
Stems 6 to 18 inches high, somewhat angular, hairy, often purple. Leaves, the lower oval, tapering down into a leaf-stalk ; the upper spear-shaped, the uppermost strap-shaped, hairy 9 both sides, but mostly at the ge, very entire, often waved at
dge. Cal. scales unequal, awl-shaped, hairy. Fierets of the circumference purple, a little longer than those of the centres florets of the centre yellow. Dowz sitting, simple, yellow, #
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Tussilago.
long as the florets. Mr. Woopw. Stem undivided, near 2 feet high, hairy. Leaves spear-s » alternate, pony: hairy. Brvitescalks from 1 to 3 inches, supporting from 1 to 3 flowers. eabane. Very dry meadows and Sasthires in a calca- reous seal “IN Narford, Norfolk. Mr. Woopwarp. St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol. Lime rocks, Dudley. Lilleshall eh Shrop- shire. } B. July, Sept.
TUSSILA’GO. Recept. naked: down hair-like: calyx scales equal, as tall.as the surface of the florets, somewhat membranaceous,
T. Stalk with 1 flower; tiled: leaves somewhat heart- shaped, angular, finely toothed. Curt.—E. bot. 429-Kuniph. 6—Wale.—Ludw. 50-Blackw. _204-Fi. dan. 595—Woodv. 13—H. ox. vii. 12. row 1. 1. I: 1—Dod. 596. 1 and 2—Lob. obs. 320. 1, and 2, and ic. i. 589. 1, and 2-—Ger. em. 811-Ger. 666-—Park. 1220- Pet. 17.8, and 7-Fuchs. 14C-F. B. iti. 6, 563. 3-Trag- 418—Marth. 844—Lonic. i 226. 2. Root creeping. Leaves appearing as the flowers are going of, with rater ish veins, white and cottony undetneath, the cotton easily rub- bing off, ae =stalks long, reddish piey Stalks numerous, ers, 3
‘ah a ‘ n mixed wit wn, Flowers while in blossom _
upright, adel Air atisg seule down, but when the dowx of the seeds expand age upright again. Ca/. scales strap- shaped, reddish brown. Boss. yellow. Florets of the circumfer- ence very narrow, in 2 or 3 rows, as long as the calyx, expand- ing, Pah 4! the centre tabula, swelling upwards; clefts 5, , bent back. Summit before the anthers have dis- charged t ir pollen covered by thas club-shaped and simple, but afterwards lengthened beyond them. Doawa sitting, longer than the calyx. Mr Wces Common Colt’s-foot. Pastures and moistish places, in moist, stiff, clayey soil, and on limestone rubbish. P. March, April.*
* It is the first plant that seers in marl or limestone rubble. The downy substance on the under surface of the leaves, wr apped in a fag,
former} pach's us ighs and ts; and perhaps
Rot without reason, oe, r Dr ~ Cunten found them to do considerable
vice in scrophulous cases; he gave a decoction of the dried leaves, and fo
—
q > ‘
703
Far’ fara.
a
é
04
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Tussilago.
Petasi‘tes. T. Panicle eag-shaped: female cloves few. Linn.—entire-
ae ae a Bree h acrid taste.
wanting in our plants OODWARD.
Curt. 134-E. bot. 431—Blackw. 222—Fl. dan, $49-Clus. ik. 116. 1, and 2—Dod. 597—Lob. obs. 3214.2, and 3, and it. i. 591-Ger. em. 814—Pete 15. 12, and 11-Ger. 008—H: ow. vii. 12. 1. f. 3—Park. 419. f. 3—Fuchs. 64/-F. Be
iii. 566. 2-Trag. 415—Lonic. i. 226. 1-Matth, 845. Leaves the largest of any of our payee plants. The flowers appear before the leaves, as they do also . Farfara and most other spring plants. Linn. Fem. florets carat the hermaphro- ite, 2 or 3, scarcely to be said to have petals, strap-shaped, white, Linn. THE Son. Seeds altogether barren. Szy/e thread. shaped. Summit knobbed, spear-oblong, the point cloven. Seeds barren. The thick-headed club-like summit I believe may be
peonriety of remov ing this stot er olygamia mecessarias ow they are propagated, “unless by lateral shoots, know, but this will not account for its general diffusion over the
island, unless we sod that, in this country, as well as in
Switzerlan d and Sweden, they sometimes produce a few female
orets intarspare among the rest. St. Stalk 8 to 12 inches
i ith igen seg scales embracing the stalks ite, tubular; at the base narrow
for ek hy ne discharged their ipa longer atcersegia, yoies sitt OODWARD.
religion Shropskate and in Mottesshall Brook near Stones Staffordshire. On the sides of the Water °F Leith Ve Ste Bernard’s Well, Edinburgh. ] » April’
found it succeed where. sea- water failed. Cullen's Mi ‘at..Mel. p. 4 458— And Futter relates a case of a girl, with twelve scrophulous sore who was cured by drinking daily as much as she could, for above four onths,
dglutinos Wed . Gymn. ¥ gt Goats and ialoen it. Cows are fond o Horses and swine refuse it. ane ane meus be destroyed by Settling ote snd crown . of ee root in March.
oots ig ont resinous matter. They have a stfong
ws, goats, and sheep eat ite
Its t large leaves aflord shelter from showers to. gets and ot the small imals, Liyy.
} I
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Senecio.
T. Panicle oblong: female flowers numerous, without blossoms. :
E. bot. 430-Dill. elth. 230. 297.
of T. Petasites. Fruit-stalks branched, woolly, with several
o lying, aight cottony ; scales nearly equal, pale, green, pur- plish at the points an ges. Fem.. florets numerous, white,
scribed from a growing plant, but not wild. Mr. Woopwarp.
fferent plant.
Long-stalked Coltsfoot. [Dishley Mill. Moist meadows Near Loughborough, Leicestershire. Dr. Annotp. Near Banbury, Oxfordshire. Dix. e/th. p. 310. Mr. Woopwarp. Very com. mon about Manchester, the banks of the Irwell are crowded with it. It will shoot up from 4 inches to 4 feet during the time of flowering. Mr. Carey.] P, April.
SENE’CIO, Recept. naked : down hair-like, long : calyx conical, double ; the scales as if dead at the ends.
(1) Florets all tubular. [S. viscosus.] 8. Leaves winged-indented, embracing the stem: flowers scattered,
Curt.—E. bot. 747°Kniph. 6-Fl. dan. 513-Blackw. 132= WalewTrag. 285=Dod. 641. 2=Matth, 1152—Lonic. i. 96. Q—Lab. obs. 112. 25 and its Se 225. 2—Ger. em, 278. 1—Park, 67 1+H. OX « Vii, iF Pet. 7. 5=Ger, 2175 2-Fuchs. 286,
Cal. scales at the base spear-shaped, purplish black for about Ohe third of their length. Florets all hermaphrodite, Blossoms yellow, terminating.
Vou, II, 3A
705 hy’brida,
vulgaris.
visco’sus.
sylvat’icus.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Senecio.
= Common Groundsel. Simson. Cultivated ground, rubbish, and court yards. A. April—Se (2) Strap-shaped florets in the circumference rolled back. S. Leaves wing-cleft, clammy: scales of the calyx loose, EB. bot. 32-Dill, elth. 258. 336-F. B. ii. 1042.
In appearance and size resembling the S, vulga aris, but clammy all over from hairs which secrete a viscid liquor. Leaves mountainous situations with a leprous Scurt underneath. Frait- stalks lateral, with 2 and 3 flowers. oyee the scales at oe base as long as the tube, as were dead at the ends, Linn. Rays
sometimes eee LL. Stem taller t yt ass leaves
the suopshape florets of the Se a should be wanting. xy Groundsel. Sandy ground. Fen banks. in the Isle
pier, and at Charles Town, the a tga, r) Lord Elgin, Licutr. [King’s Park, Edinburgh, Mr. Yaupew, under the Salisbury Craggs. Sr.] A. Aug—Dec.
S. ae wing- Sa a toothed: stem branching inte corymbus; u E. me 748-Rupp. ayy Hall. 83 at p. 177—Dill. elth. 258. 337-Dod. 641. 1-Lob. ic. i, 226, 2-Ger. ems 278. 2-H. ox. Vil. 17. 2—Pet. 17. 6—F/. dan. 869-—Ger. 217. 1+
Stem taller, es more See: ough slenderer than that of S. VISCOSUS. Leaves narrower, an oy ait finely divided, fi requently clammy ina bets ink siuethiees: but not so much so as + the of
S. viscosus. Fruit-stalks much more branched. Flowers more numerous, much smaller. Seeds shorter and broa der. = ah
wi ) short hairs, tapering but not Be tes with glands. £ rait-stalt somewhat cottony. Cal. conical, somewhat woolly ; scales @
trong infusion of the plant vomits. bruised leaves at ‘ ela application ps — at —_ are very aocsatte to 3796 ss
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Senecio, _ 707
the base awl-shaped, 2 to 3, dead at the ends, thrice as small as those of the cup. Bloss. full - ellow. St. Leaves, edges rolled back. Cal. scales at the base few rt, slender, scarce sensibly dead at the ends, . Florets of the sinaloneads rolled back, close up to the cup.
é Senecio yidsaaak 8 Huns. Bushy Groundsel, Banks, and
mounds of earth in dry upland soil, dry heaths, and sandy “ditch banks. [ Ruddy Hill, near Mangots Field, Gloucest. Mr. gir Lanes about Birmingha am. ] A. July.
(3) Strap-shaped Hemett in the circumference expanding: aves wing-cleft. - S. Leaves winged ; ere hr -shaped; lower leaves ain on long leaf- ‘stalks: flow rs forming a corymbus stem upright. Jaca. Facq. austr. 278-E. bot. 574. Stem unbranched, 1 to 3 feet high, he with ridges, firm, thick as a quill, entirely covered by the leaves; reddish, but cloathed with cobweb-like cotton. Calyx any not dead at the ends. Leaves either smooth on both sides, or cloathed under neath with a cobweb-like cotton. Lower leaves on long leaf- stalks ; sper’ leaves nearly sitting, and upright. Segments strap. shaped, pointed mid-rib underneath protuberating ; a distant, very entire, rarely toothed ; edges rolled Q : The figure of ae in is a very exact representation of it as it mostly appears in t 0 us in the state represented in the Fl. Lond. but it is but seldom, and seems to be - va riety occasioned by a damper and more shady Situation. Mr. Woop. Var. 2. Plant but little cottony ; lower leaves sitting ; seg- ments broader Curt. 294—Pet. 17. 3-Walc. Stems 3 to 4 ied ‘high, firm, cottony. Leaves Eas but
sometimes dark above, and not hoary ; segmen
trap- shaped, parallel. scsi toothed, terminating in a oa the stances neatly: caeel in breadth to the mid-rib. Flowering- branches forming a kind of co ans Fruit-stales with several
FY Leaves sitting, hairy, parti icularly underneath ; the lower rough to the touch ; the upper tise hairy ; s¢gments ‘strap-shaped, and toothed ge the ends. Calyx, scales not dead at the ends, but yel-
oolly, the outer strap-shaped, fleshy, the inner the same, sas: Sess serie a broa membranaceous a r. cine,
70S
Jacobe’a.
\
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Senecio.
peatance to the plant. gee the whole-its habit is so different, that had there not been a genera! coincidence in opinion, that cultivation er is safle ent to occasion the vepoita pointed out, I should have considered them as di
cary Groundsel. Senecio pucaialias, Curr. but
of Liyn. as I understand from M. ‘Afselive, aiong be oh- serves that all the synonyms, except J¢. scaz. attributed to that, really belong to our plant. cae ae ee coe Hills, nee Bungay, Sg Mr. Woop Baydales, Darling-
- Mr. Rosson. Both varieties find: near Blymhill. Shropsh. by the Rev. $1 Tien Nson- } P, Aug,
5. ge els ation almost winged: segments finely
ae €-Fl. dan. Ces. 1133-—Clus. ii. 22, 1-Dod: 642~Lob. obs. 113, 25 and ic. i. 227. 1-Ger. em. 280. 1 —Park. 668. 1—Pet. 17. 1-Fuchs. 742-F. B. ii. 1057. 1- Sabie 287—Lonic. i. 96. 3-H. ox. vii, 18. 1-Ger. 218.1. sin the centre 60, in the circumference 13. RELHAN.
"Stem cylindrica, scored, _ verally smooth, often tinged with
cumference 13. Filamenis towards the end thickening into flat egg-shaped glands, disappearing as soon, or soon after the pou is shed, rendering i it poten that they are iecasaed for the nourishment of the e pollen
Ragwort. Gredsil: ‘sige St. Fames’s Wort. Meadows, pastures, oe road sides. P, July.
Var. 2. Flowers without rays. Is so Sane 5f like the plceties that it cannot be considered as a different species.
n on the sand hills of Holland. Linw.
Suusaten’ ia R. Syn. Perhaps this variety is oy the effect of the sea air, as a well known how destructive that is to the moré aoe her of vegetables, mts seh ot rays: whole plant hoary with 4 he cottoniy substance Marazion Marsh, Sanaa. June.*
If this plant is gathered before the flowers open, and used fresh, “it pes wool of a full greea, but the colour iy apt to fade. If bshay
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Senecio.
709
S. prares toothed, those at the root egg-shaped, those of aquat’icus. t lar
em wing-cleft ; the outer segment largest,
es os B. ii. 1057. — LF. 2—F], dan. 784-Clus. li. 25, 1- Ger. em. 280 Stem cottony, sieeclidh, Root-leaves on long leaf-stalks; stem. leaves sitting ; the ag tale Ni sere as gas toothed. Cory flowers. RetHan, Leaves wing-c a with some
small wings at the base, and a fet tas she: one egg-shaped, Fie
loped, terminating, smooth. Fruit-stadks irregularly bra eaiiits a numerous awl-shaped scales. Woopwarp.
eaves quite smooth; meget: with the sctminshing
leafit oblong. Cal. scales 15 to 21, dead as it were and brown
at the points. Florets of the ccapdyftier about 21. Filaments
I have some imens in which the leaves are wing-cleft for more than half the om eh from the base; others in which the leaves may be
ws. Mr. Hudson’s S. aquaticus certainly pecan sen the Linn, Sp. char. of the gate whigh.ca can hardly be sai baa
(4) Strap-shaped ate ets in the circumference, — leaves undivided, S. ee sword-shaped, nage serrated, a little woolly inderneath: stem quite E. bot. 650-Fl. dan. 385-Ger. 347-Ger. em. 483. 6—Pet. 16. 8-Thal. 3—F. B. ii. 1003. 3—Park. 1 1239-H. ox. vii. be 22. Leaves sometimes cottony on both sides. Linn. Srem 2 to 5 feet high, ‘siogle. Leaves very long, strap or spear-shaped, los- ing their woolliness by age. Umdbel flat topped. Flowers 2 inches broad. Cai. ee Hatt. Blossom vise ellow.
cloth is boiled in alum-water, and then in a decoction of hows flowers, it tukes a beautiful oe yellow. Horses and sheep r retuse i hot fond of it, Linn. Horses and cows eat it when ne
paludo’sus.
710, _ SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Aster.
saracen‘icus. S. Flowers in cae ade leaves spear-shaped, serrated, almost smo
a austr. Ne 4-Ger. 350~Fuchs. 728-F. B. ii. 1063. 2-Trag. 487-—Lonic. i, 241.3-Dod. 141. 1-Lod. a 159. 3, and ic. i. 299. 2-Ger. em. 429. Distinguishable by its appearance, broad /eaves, size, and yoot which creeps very much. Linn. Leaves rather toothed than serrated. Flora/-leaves very slender; as long or longer than the — fruit-stalk. Strap-shaped Siaeers about 7 or 8. Flowers yello Broad. leaved Groundsel. Moist meadows and pastures, and ditch banks. Between Wells and Glastonbury, and near 5 2 ton-mallet, and sation in Somersetshire. Ne alifax, -about <" oy R. Sya. and about Clapham and Ingles ton, Yorkshire [in is hedges near Longtown, and on me side of the Act pbare Carlisle. Mr. Jac mics P. July, Aug.*
AS'TER. Recept. naked: down hair-like: radiat- ing florets more than 10: calyx tiled; the lowermost scales open.
(3) Herbaceous. Leaves entire. Fruit-stalks naked. Tripo‘lium, A. Leaves stra ai ried -shaped, fleshy, smooth, 3-fibred: calyx scales blunt, somewhat membranaceous. E, bot. 87—Fl. dan. 615—Gmel. ii, 80, 2-F. B. ii, 1064. 2- Ger. 333—Dod. 37 9—Lob. obs. 157. 4, and ic. i. 296. 1- Ger, em, 413. 1—Park. 674—Pet. 17. 10-Lob. obs. 158. 1, and ic. i. 296. 2—Ger. em. 413. 2-Pet. 17, 11-H. ox vii. 22.36. Stems 1 to 3 feet high. Leaves fleshy. Flo-we de. a from the een of we uppet leaves. Fruit-stalks branched. Cal.
ference spear or eee diet pointed, frequently cloven at - t, bright blue. Woopwarp. Flowers with somewhat cmectials scent. Florets of the circumference 2) ’ 23, of a bluish lilac. Florets of the centre fewer, about 18. Seeds of the fe- male a the size of the others. Sr. atshes on the sea coast, in a muddy Fait fand j in salt marshes in the inland parts of the kingdom, 2s a salt marsh near Shirley Wich, Staffordshire ; in a meadow be-
wt pas P eo Suliginasa, Facobea, and pronuba, live upon the seve~ ci
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Solidago.
tween the Trent and the Canal. Sr..West side - pe lees island. Mr. Arxinson. Shore of the Avon, a little e Hot- well, Bristol, between the gravel walk and the ri iver) P. Aug. Sept.* Var. 2. All the florets lireiax. P. él. 17. 12. About Bristol, frequent. Ray. 9
SOLIDA’GO. Recept. naked: .down_ hair-like: | florets of the circumference about 5: calyx scales tiled, laid close.
s. eae fier see branched: leaves mostly sitting: Virga-au'rea,
wers in crowded panicles. Var. 1. Stem branched ; leaves strongly serrated. E. bot. 301-Ludw. 150-Sheldr.. 63-Blackw. 169~Ger. 348, 2~Tabern. 1260—Pet. 16. 10-Dod. 142. 2—Lob. obs. ‘159. 2, and ic. i. 299. Ted em. 430. 2~H. ox. vii. 23. row 1. 4.
Var. 2. Stem branched ;. leaves indistinctly serrated.
Fi. dan. 663-Kniph. 7-Matth. 1006—Dod. 142. 1-Lob. obs. 159. 1. and ic. i. 298. 2-Ger. em, 430. 1-Ger. 348. 1= Pet. 16. 9-H. ox. vii. 23. 20.
Root-leaves serrated. Stem- leaves sometime serrated, but |
rated, but towards the most entire, rough, slightly hairy, dar green above, sea. green underneath, with a net- work of numerous veins ; upper alternate, nearly sitting,
spear-s entire, or nearly so. Flowering branches axil- lary, the lower shorter, the upper longer than the leaves, ngage 6 to 8 flowers on branched fruit-stalks.. Flower-scales 1 or 2 each fruit-stalk. Calyx, scales unequal, spear-shaped, sgh a teen line along the back, and whitish, shining, membranaceous ges. Seeds brown, convex on one ad: flat on the other, hairy the whole ] age mea a as long as the calyx. Woopw. Stem,
hese bent back. Florets of the fees te 6 to 8, bent ba
* Goats and horses eat it. Cows and swine refuse it. Sheep are fond of it, Lixw. M ay it not, when growing in an inland situation, ‘he depended on as a proof of the existence of salt springs. Sr.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA, Solidago.
with 4 or 5 faint longitudinal scores, and 3 or 4 teeth at the end. Blass. yellow.
Common Golden-rod. Wound-wort. Solidago Virga-aurea. Hort. aan Woods, hedges, heaths, copses. P. Aug. Sept.
Var, 3, Stem serpentine, os ami leaves spear-shaped : flowers in a ike terminating bunc
Mountain endal ai CH.
In all agen saath the degree of serrature on the leaves, as well as the length of the leaf-stalks, is rere variable; but the stem in all isserpentine, ribbed, and cottony,
eam’brica. §, Stem straight, unbranched: leaves, spear-shaped, the
upper nearly sitting, the lower on leaf-stalks as long themselves: flowers in a panicle. Dill. elth. 306. 393-Pet. 16. 11. — — to 7 inches high. Flowers sometimes formin mbus, sometimes a compact spike-like bunch, but I have ie — sia smendatye fruit-stalks, branched, as in theS Virga-aurea. Cultivated it attains the height of is inches or more, but still preserves its straight unbranched stem and its great length of leaf- stalks, Specimens from Professor Thunberg, called wh gy agree with our Cambrica, which confirms an observation Mr. Afzelius made to me, that Linnzus 1 . ee toe Clif. ‘hed erro.
from that of the f ore Chiftre which i is Our common species.
Solidago Vir, ersten Fl. Suec. Welsh-galden-rod. Pastures
on the top of y Glyder Mountain, in Wales. Luuyp Mountains
ne ars and on those me Yorkshire and sep rte wyn, near Snowdon. Pen. Wales. [On
rocky pre on on e summit of Ingleborough, to the North. oopwarp. Near Kendal, Mr. Govcn.]
P, july.
Lappo’nica. §. ng eet unbranched: root-leaves egg-shaped, on
bordered leaf-stalks: stem-leaves spear-shaped, sit- ting: ptiate ina cenaed eee bunch in the bosom of the upper | About 6 aig high. an Peat Hh ries 0 flowers. So- Tidago, 3(6, Flor. Lapponica. I am indebted : Vr, Afzelius r the sew that this haplind ap bee been found in Scoilenh and I haye now as en before me which I believe came from the mountains in aaieetand:
CINERA’RIA. Receptacle naked : down hair-like: calyx single, many-leaved, equal.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA,. Cincraria.
718
C. Flowers in a corymbus: leaves broad-spear-shaped, palus’tris.
tooth- indented : stem woolly, —
EB. Bob. 5 LF? dan. 573—Gmel. ti. 72=Dod. 52. 29-Lob. fe. 1. 347—-Ger, em. 483, 5—H. ox. vii. 19. 24-Per, 16, 6~ Park. 126. 3, ,
Leaves thick, cottony, and almost scree covering the stem quite up to o the flowers ; the lower cut and almost wing. cleft, Linn. Stem 1 to © feet high, aie hollow, with a thick cla lon Leaves varying extremely in form and
mmy long w manner y of growth, recloebel with the same wool as the stem, with-
men bea abs at sede: Bloss. pale yellow. Florets of the circumference oval, veined, with 2 or 5 teeth at the end, or en- tire; 4 lines long, with a short narrow i Florets of the
centre somewhat shorter. Anthers somewhat longer than ~ ossom. Svyle in the hermaphrodite longer than the stamens ; in the female as long as the tube. Seeds small. Dowz as hoe as the tube of the blossom; rays few. Woopwarp Marsh Fleawort. Marshes in Lincolnshire. " Fen-ditches about Marsh and Chatteress in pee Isle of Ely ; Caister near Yarmouth ; about Pillinmoss, Lancashire ; and Aberavon, Me. fionethshire. [About Yarmouth, No rfolk. _Woopwaro. } P. June, July. Var. 2. Leaves not jagged. R. Syx. 174. n. 3. Woonw. Lod. ic. is 347. 1-Ger, em, 484, 8—Park, 126. 4-H. ox. vii- 19, row 2, 23~Pet. 16, be Var. 3. Less woolly than var, 1. Stem slender, about 18 inches high. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, toothed, the lower about 4 inches long, the upper 2 22 fy 2 £, and not more than 1- 4th wide, not so numer - 1. Flowers smaller. Frectification arige Et saaall _ Near Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. Mr. Woopwarp.
C. Hemera in a terminating ymbel, with an sen eet at integrifo’liag
ts base ; tae inversely egg-shaped, woolly, indis- sinctly too
Jacq. austr. a dan. 1177—Alliani 38, 2-E. bot. 152-
Relb. at p, 320-Facq. misc. i, 17, 4—Pet. 17. 4.
Root fibrous. Root-/eaves on leaf-stalks, spate nee ob. scurely toothed, cottony underneath ; stem-/eaves sitting, spear- shaped, cottony., Stem 3 to 6 inches high, simple, cottony, an- gular, Flowers 1 to 43 yellow. Florets of the circumference
ry
iu __SYNGENESIA, SUPERFLUA, Inula.
10 to:15; of the centre numerous, prominent. Calyx furrowed, the 1 orth Seeds hairy. Down simple. Retyan. The
size of this plant varies very much, as also does the number of its flowers. ore me a specimen 22 inches high, with only 2 flowers, r lately sent by Mr, Relhan 9 inches high, and with an s. The fruit-stalk of the
ae 1 flower: central flower but half the length of the others. untain Fleawort, a toate alpina 8 Linn. C. alpina. Relh. Gs campestris. Retz. Scand.’ p. 159, Hilly pastures. “gear Ba Hills, Nawiharkar Heath, the Devil’s Ditch, and near Basingstoke and Andove er. P, May, June.
IN’'ULA. ek tacle naked: dowm hair-like :.an- thers 2 bristles at the base. Hele’nium. I. Leaves em eR the stem, egg-shaped, wrinkled, cot- tony underneath : scales of the calyx egg-shaped. Woodv. 108—Kzniph. 7 Blatt: 473—Ludw. 59—Dod. gid Lab. obs. 309. 1, ie. 1. 574. 2-Ger. em, 793-H. ox- Vil. 24. row 3. fig. the last-Pet. 16, 1~Park. 654—Gars.-Ger- 649-F/.. dan. 728—Marcb. 71-Fuchs, 242-F. B. iva 108—Trag. 170, Stem 5 or 6 feet high, pm towards the top, Bo a cote tony. vote the lower on leaf-stalks, spear-shaped ; the upper - egg- Sag 7k serrated or r toothed
v oy om
oo a8 S wn ia vou = at = ES
ommon Elecampane.. Moist atadows and aati In Es- sex, frequent ; about St. Ive’s, Cornwall, and Bugden, Hunting-
Mase a ee and Warboys, Hunningdonshise the latter fat i suffolk. Not mon in Norfolk. Woopw. In a pas round near Wick
Cliffs. Mr. Swaynz. Several places near tm eres clearly in . wild state. Mr. Arxinson, ] P, July, Auge"
> that an waitesa of the fresh root, SW ened =e , deco
cep, and swine refuse it
eS ee eee
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Inula.
715
1 iaares embracing the stem, heart-oblong : stem, meat dysenter‘ica.
rming a kind of panicle: scales of the c triste. shaped.
Curt. 164—Kniph. 12-Fl.. dan. 410-Walc,-Matth. 872-
Claus. ii. ai 1—Dod. 52s 1~Lod. obs, 187. 1, and its jy 345. 2-Ger. em. 482. 3—Pet. 10. 2-H. ox. vii. 19, 7= Fuchs. 436-F. B. ii. 1050. 1.
Calyx, scales awl-shaped, soft, bowed back, coloured at the edge. Linn. Stem upright, cylindrical, scored, cottony, branch. ed towards the top. Leaves spear-shaped, 0 acurely toothed, ar- row-shaped at the hie cottony on both sides. Flowers termi-
Projecting, edie: 5 ape: Middle Elecampane. Piea-Dawe: Moist meadows and pastures, watery places, sides of brooks and rivulets. § P. Aug.—Oct.*
I. eset embracing the stem, A gh gg blunt : stem upright: calyxes cylindrical Dicks. bh. s.—Curt. 156—-Sheldr.-Fl. dan. 613-Blackw. 103~ Ger. 390. 2~Trag. 166-Lonie. i. 131. 3-Dod. 52. 3- Lob, obs. 187. ee and i 1¢. i, 345, 1-Ger. ems 482, 4-H. ox. Vii. 20, 30~Pet. 16. 3. ylindrical, scored, smooth, crooked, often tinged with pl much branched. Liat eS, thé lower sitting ; ape facing the stem, cose Mich waved at the edge, slight hairy andcottony. Flowers numerous, solitary. Calyx, sae: nume- Tous, sre shaped, woolly ; the lower spreading. Blass. yellow. Florets — the circumference a . om: ath at the end; often want-
z shorter than the rays few . Woonw. Stem “i ht, not eres Flowers poe short, cylindrical. Bristles the anthers very minute, and much shorter than the filaments.
Down abst than the seed.
Small_flowered Elecampane. Small Fleabane. I. abiiiilesi: Fl. ox. J, Pulicaria. Huds. and other English authors, but not of Linneus. Mr. Afzelius informs me that the Swedish plant is very Hepilings not at all hairy; but our plant always grows
Rane diers, in the Persian ceeitin under G nem Keit, were ouch trouie picks the bloody flux, which was cured at th Geet this t. Cows are not fond of it; goats and steve refuse ie 5 eh
cylin’drica.
bas te eg haem ee eRe
716 SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Doronicum, upright, and the upper part of - ai the repr oes and the
leaves, are woolly. e calyx r plant is cylindri the Swedish plant globular ga is probatld sha the reference to od. 52, given in the uecica, misled the other European
botanists, for that is undoubtedly our plant. Tinnens marks a
var. of his I. pra 6 as a larger and more rigid plant than ¢,
sofereing. to Pluk. 384. 2; but this plant of Plukenet’s is much * than ours though larger than the plant of Linnzus
sides, and where water has stagnated during the win.
ter. Abii Wishaw near Coleshill. } Aug.—Oct,
erithmoi des, I, Leaves strap-shaped, fleshy, generally 3-pointed,. E, bot. 68-F. B. ii. a. 106. 3-Dod. 706.1-Lob. obs. 215.1, and ic. 1. 395. 2—Ger. em. 533. 3—Park. 1287=H. ox
vii. 21. 16—Pet. 17. 9—Maztth. 491-Ger. 427. 3. ms firm, smooth, scored, riaech branche ed. Leaves at the
pene than the florets; rays ae when viewed with a glass finely toothed on one aid, oopwarp. Loawer-leaves with Kg BF ee end, and sometimes a little toothed at the sides ; upper ones entire. Blass. yellow.
I.erithmoides. Sp. pl.and Huds. Golden Samphire. Samphit J Elecampane. Salt marshes on the sea coast, in a may A , Aug.
DORO’NICUM. Recept. naked : down hair-like : calyx scales in 2 rows; equal, longer than the blossoms: seeds of the pe downless and naked,
Pardalian’- D. Leaves heart-shaped, blunt, finely toothed : pre hes, on leaf-stalks ; stem-leaves embracing the st Jacq. austr. 3504E, bat, 630-Ludw. 57-Kaiph. Ldlie 239-Clus, ii. 19-Ger. em. 762~Park. 321. 7 0 OXe Vii. 24. 4—Mi//, 128-Gars. 15. Bless. Nae Seeds of the circumference naked. Lis’ Great Leopard’s-bane. Wolf’s-bane. About Hoddam Castle, Annandale, and several other places in the Lowlands. LicHT? Near the world’s end, Harrogate. Mr. Manby.—{ Near = House, St,—Banks of the Severn below Bridger Na:
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Bellis. 717
BEL/LIS. Recept. naked, conical: down none : ca- lye hemispherical, with equal scales: seed inversely cee -seped
B. Stalk naked. peren‘nis,
Curt.-E, bot. 424—Kniph. 1-Fl. dan. 503-Wale.—Blackw. — 200-Ludw. 184~Matth. 912-Dod. 265. 1~Lob. obs 952, 2, and ic. 1. 470. 1-Ger. em. 636, 5—Pet. 19. 2— Ger. 510. 4—H. ox. vi. 8. 26-Ger. 510. 3-Ger. em. 636. 4—Park. 530. 11-H. ox. vi. 8. 29—Fuchs, 147—-Trag. 161. Stalk with 1 flower. Linn. Stalk hairy, solid at the bot. tom, hollow at the end, sometimes with a few leaves. tao
Plorets of the ctesuarerence, notched at the en
and tipt with a fine carmine. Leaves oblong, "Kant Siathed
ae upon the sind: Florets in the centre yellow, those in
h Common Daisy. Meadows and pastures. P. March—Sept.*
_ Var. 2. Flower herbaceous, globular. In Mr. Selden’s copse near his house in Worcestersh. Ray.
CHRYSAN’THEMUM. Recept. naked: down none, but a kind of border: ca/yx hemis- wrengs tiled ; scales membranaceous at the
.
(1) Florets of the circumference white. C. Leaves embracing the stem, oblong; serrated upwards, Leucan’ the- toothed at the base. mum,
E. bot. 601-Ludw. 183-Kniph. 6-Curt. 348-F]. dan. 994.
Sheldr. 6-~Matth. 910-—Dod. 265. 3-Lob, abs. 253.2, and
ic. i, 478. 1-Ger. em. 634-Park. 528. 1-Walc.-Ger.
500—Fuchs. 148~F. B. iii. a. 114y 8-Trag. 144. l=
Lonic. i. 89. 1—Pet. 19. 1—Blackw.42-H. ox. vis 8, 1.f. 2.
Seeds cia with white scores, and crowned with a yellow
sylindrical he ad. Linn. Root-leaves on leaf-stalks ; stem-leaves
sitting, Flower large. Florets of the centre yellow ; of the cir-
Sit spear-shaped, with mostly 3 teeth. Retnan. Stem
Upright, scored, simple, or with few branches, Leaves, the =
* The Jeaves are sige acrid, The roots have a penetessing:P a
ney No attention is paid to it, except what i a
f 'S flowers. The flowers clase at night, Horses, sheep, a ‘caw Tefuse it, Linn,
718
* mod’orum.
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Chrysanthemum,
per sometimes embracing the mot chen Sng alge or spear-shaped, serrated, sometimes and e
at the base. Flower 1, am the stem, ae ie cipal branch. Cal. scales spear-shaped, unequal. Florets beé "g Ci. cumference sometimes entire. Mr. Woopw. Cal,
green, edged with brown, thé inner with the adsition of a skinny membranaceous border.
.. Greater Daisy. Ox-eye. Moon. Seuitr: Daisy Goldins. Dry meadows, pastures, and walls. P. June, July.*
C. Leaves winged, many-cleft: stem branched, spreading.
E, bot. 676~Fl. dan. 696—Pet, 19. 12~Fuchs. aD B. itis aw 12052.
Its calyx being aibny at the edge occasions it to be ass0- ciated with the ‘Chrysaxthema. ‘This obscure plant is readily distinguishable -from ences Cotula, which it very it re- ee as also A. arvensis, by the want of chaff on n the
Shacks Hate slabs oad ; rey De anaceous, and somewhat ¢m- bracing the stem at the base, narrowing upwards. Flowers a terminating. Florets of the circumference nearly stra
to 9 lines long ; of the = _ ish at the base, yellow 3
RD. Seed; with a brownish red circular rary in each corner at the top, ae oe. the eyes of some insects; the 2 inner senate | ; the angles sharp, eons and vind, crowned at the top with a "a shallow
Chamomile Goldins. Matricaria inodora. Fl. suec- Huns. which see. Cornfields and road sides. A. July—Sept
Var. 2. maritimum. Outer scales Ess the ar with finget-
like division ions ; innes one nes fringed at the ge.
Only about.4 inches high, but in ealndaiai ts. agreeing withthe pened ng.
On the Beach at Weymouth. sor 1794
he young:deskes: tas be eaten ae ad F eregpeer dy Cows por ears he Pe it. oe “
SYNGENESIA, SUPERFLUA. Matricaria.” (2) Flowers entirely yetlow.
719
_ C, Leaves embraci re hii jagged upwards, tooth- yse'getumn.
serrated towards th Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. “5 6 dan. 995—Clus. i. 3344 2~Dod, 263, 1-Lob. obs. 298. 2, and ice i, 552, 1~Ger. em. 7435 1—Park. 1370. 1-H. ox. vi. 4.: row 2. 1-Pet, 19, 6~ Trag. 144. 2—Lonic. i. 89. 1. Stem hy aed peas ee agi Leaves, sea-green, varying in figure, as wedge-strap or spear- oe ge distantl set~
slightly fate whitish. Mr. Wooow. | Whole edie Plott
aves, segments terminated by alittle projecting fo Florets
ade circumference ‘apdecek Summits in the flowers nt
Corn Marigeld,. Goulons, Geldius Marigold Goldins. Buddle
in 20 rfolk. i. _Woopwarp.—Cornfields. [An > a
esome werd in the Norfolk turnep fields in a sandy soil. Mr. Woon Rp. ] A. June—Oct.*
MATRICA’RIA. Recept. naked : down none: ca- ‘yx hemispherical, tiled ; scales rather point- ed, not skinny at the edge.
M, Leaves ae flat ; leafits egg-shaped, cut: fruit- parthe'nium.
stalks bran Ludw. 192-Kniph. 5-Gars. 368—Blackw. 192-Woodv. 249 —Fuchs. 45—F. B. iti. a. 129-Dod. 35. 2-Lob, obs. 433- 1, and i it. i. 751. 1-Ger. em. 652. 1-Park. 83. 1-Pet. 19. 5—Matth. 907-H. ox. vie 10. 1-Ger. 526-Fl. dax. _674—-Lonic. i Je 15}. 2-Trag. 156. 3 feet high, firm, scored, slightly hairy. Leaves alter- sic “alighdy bain’ leafitsy 2 or 3 pair, oval, j ja ged, a large one ee we ges on ip with 3 bes; the mic one of which
ae Ut Was idhpoited’ into Sweden along with cdr from Jutland, mere the end of the sixteenth century. In Denmark there is a law to oblige th $ to root it up from —s cornfields. It amy Be be destroyed by dung.
F land about ee days oe sowing the Its yellow flowers, wever, which ow the sun in a very re manner, give a brillianey to the fields in tillage, and please the = eye of the passing tra- ler. NN vem ‘ quantity, which cys arable »° Was. cut when in flower, dried, and. ,caten, by Hor eciiween for Hay. Mr. Horcerzar.—It is used by the Germans "for dying yellow.
720 SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Matricaria: Cal. scales oval.» Florets of the pre nea Sep wunigashadedt 3
0 divided into Sone’ § pruthe and these ieaht eut and sae 5 when magnified appear as if sprinkled with minute spangles. Cal. inner scales ean? and ragged at the edges. Florets of the circumference egg-shaped ; those of the centre crooked, sprinkled with minute shining parcichee - 3 only yellow at the top. Flowers sometimes double.
Common Feverfew. Waste places, hedges, walls,
P. Ju
ne, July.*
marit’ima. M. Ree ie hemispherical: leaves doubly winged, t fleshy ; convex above, keeled underneath.
Ray 7s. at p. 188. woody, fer oon 3 thy er od stem ea re.
rets in the centre yellow ; those of the circumference white. tricaria inodora ‘y Hups.—Sza Feverfew. Sea coast, in sandy soil. On the coast of Sussex, and very slentifuly at Cockbush, 7 miles from Chichester. Drtt.—lIsland of Bute, the Western side of aw between Machrianish and Barr. LicHTF.- —[Rocks at Down, near Bamff, in Scotland. Dr, Smiru.—lIsle of Walney. Mr. lesen INSON. | P. July.
Chamomil'la, M. Receptacles conical ; rays expanding: calyx scales equal at the edge. ‘Kniph. §-Ludw. 131+Curt. 331=Blackw. 67. 1-Sheldre 33=Dod, 257. 2—Lob. obs. 445.1, and it. 1. 770 I” Ger. em. 754. 1—Park. 85. 1—Blachw, 208—Fuchs. 25- F- B. iii. a. 116~Trag. 148-Maith. G05-Lonic, i. 90-2 ice ox. Vis 12. 7—Pet. 19, *
hairy, membranaceous at the edge, with a green line along the ba ee "F lerets of the circumference white, nearly ule shapely
he whole plant has a strong smell, and a 9 we taste, and yields an ices oil by distillation, A iorse refused it. S
Se eee OEE _e_—hrmlmlmlhlseerrk.k _ ke _ lll lll lll ll ll ee ae ee
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Anthemis,
first expanding, afterwards bent back ; those of the centre yellow. Receptacle almost cylindrical, dotted. ‘Woopwarn. Leaves more than doubly compound, with slender a eas Seeds numerous, minute, pale Seeacer furrowed. Curt
Chamomile Feverfew.
Var. 2. suaveolens. Receptacle conical, rays ent down- wards : vaalyx. scales equal at the edge. Ger. 15. 1.
| Swweet-scented Feverfew. Matricaria Chamomilla 8 Huds. Matricaria suaveolens. Liny. Cornfields, cultivated ground, dung-hills, and road sides, A. May — Aug.*
AN’THEMIS. Recept. chatfy : down none: calyx hemispherical, scales nearly equal: flores of the circumference more than 5,
(1) Rays white.
A. se — chaff bristle-like : seeds crowned with a E, bot. pe: dan. 1178—Kniph, 11-Taberns 70. 1+Pet, 19. 8.
Plant hoary. Stems spreading. Chaff spear-shaped. biennial. It has the habit and size of the Anth. Cotula, a the Stems spread more, the fruit-stalks a longer, less scored, the grooves being only 4 or 5, but in the A. Cotula abot 8. The leaves are more of a grey green, and scentless. The inner scales
} embrana
der as a prise + the apex of the seed is crowned with a 4-sided border as in the Matricaria Chamomilla, but in the Anth. Cotula the seed has no such crown. Livy. Stem branched immediately above the root, scored, slightly hairy, oe gteen, with sometimes a tinge of red. Baie bes generally na wa
ting, winged ; mid-rib out: 3; wings either winged, or o jagged, sea-green. Flowers terminating. Fruit-stalks hairy,
arven’sis.
and dee hai ‘thicker Smaak the calyx. Cal. scales oval, with |
an awl-shaped green line pry the back, somewhat hairy ; edges salidheandic ae? Florets of the pial bsg white, somewhat + ago with 2 or 3 teeth, 4 or 5 liries long ; those of the centre
with a greenish tube, swelling upwards; border yellow, bent back, Chaff spear-shaped, very much —— somewhat keeled,
Ae roperties resemble those of Anthemis nobilis. The Finlanders ae an inftsion of it in consumptive czses, ee ws, goats, and sheep cat it, orses
Ter IL. 3B
“3
to to
Co’tula,
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Anthemis.
as long as the florets. Seeds eatin smooth, slightly fur. rowed, narrowest at the base, crowned with a blunt margin. Mr, Wooow. Whole plant slightly woolly. Stems numerous, ascend- ing, cylindrical, slightly scored, branched towards the top. Leaves wings leafits wing-cleft, and these again cut into 2 or 3 Baio segments, eotinated by semi-transparent, conical, sharp
“Covula alba. Cotula non fetida. Oculus bovis. Bupthalaum Don. Pempt- 259, is the plant here described amomile, Gone pits in Peckharh a and in the Barsedi ‘eabble fields between Eltham and Shooter’s-hill. Ray. —Corn and fallow fields. Hups.—Cornfields and way sides, in one soils. Parsons in FZ, Scot,—[Pastures about Affcote and the Stewponey, peas Stour Pittine, Wocaestetshives S415 ome in Norf. Woopwarp.]} B. June, July. Var,.2. re 2 florets narrow. Cotula non fatida, flare pleno. R. Syn. 186. St. James’s field on the upper side near the highway, and at Great Strick- land, Westmoreland. R. Syz.
A. Receptacles conical: chaff bristle-shaped : seeds naked.
Curt. 329-Fl, dan. 1179-Dod. 258-Leb. obs. 447. 1, and ice 1. 773 2-Ger. em. 757 «1—Park. 87. 9-H. ox. vi. 12. 8—Fuchs. 583-F. B. iii. @. 121. 1-Blackaw. 67-Gars. 216—Pet. 9, 11—H. ox. vi. 12, 10.
Fruit-stalks with about 8 scores. Cal. scales by no means
rets. Seeds with many warty angles. Mr. WoodW- Leaves smooth, Outer florets white, Sto ed ; central florets
rg Chamomile, or Mave or Maen Cornfields, road ere and borders of dunghills A. May—Aug"”
Var. 2. double flowired. All on florets narrow.
ictecitee to bees. Goats and s j She are not ‘Yond of it. Horses, me
and swine refuse it. Linn. — fre: uently blisters the skin of reapers
and of children who happen to gather it. The heads, rubbed between the
pees smell ip tably Seceahe The larvzx of the Cassida viridis eed upon it
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Anthemis, 72
Cotula fatida flore pleno. R. Syn. Sr. Fields. between Hitchin and the Bald Oak, in the Isle of Thanet, and nes ei Gi llingham and Chathaae R. Syne
Ay Leaves witiged ben pound): strap-shaped, acute, some- nob’ilis. Woodv. 103-Kniph. Q-~Ludw. 155-Blackw, 298. 1-Gars, 215, a. and 4 on the right hand—Dod. 260. 1-Lob. obs. 445. 2, and ic. i. 770. 2-Ger. em. 755. 4—Blackw. 526= Trag.s 149-Ger. 616. 4-F. B. iii. 118—Per, 19.10. Stems trailing, hairy. Leaves doubly winged ; wings rather distant ; little wings sometimes with 2 or 3 clefts, inted, hairy, greyish. Flowers solitary. Calyx baie with broad, shining, membranaceous edges. yey of the een renee somew mm lpia either — ot ei: 2 or 3 teeth ; those of ~ ae bates es W. mits in the female florets s3. Chaff blongag-shapd like the scales of the calyx bu bin more skinny and m mmon Chamomile. Sictictadintel Chammile, Roman Cha- Cornw
ile. astures. In all so plentifully that you may scent it all alon AY. Sunny meadows and pastures. Hups. Pengwary, Redruth, and Id common pastures in the western part of Cornwall,
where it is much ve scent in gardens, Mr. Warr.
wh : Park at Oatlands, Surry. Mr. Woopwarp. On the road from Hedgeford to Stafford, near the direction post, — Mr. Pirr.] P. Aug. Sept, Var, 2. nudum. Florets of the circumference wanting. — Dod. 260. 2—Lob. obs. 446. 1, and ice is 771.°2-Ger. em. 754. Pom 86. 2-F. B, ili. a. 119. 2-H. ox. vis 12. 3-Ger 5e . 4 Chascettod luteum capitulo aphyllo. R. Syn. 135. Sr.*
A, Leaves winged, finely toothed, feaby, 2 mie dotted : marit/ima,. stem prostrate: calyx some ewhat ¢ Kniph. 10-7, B.i iil, a, 197, 1-7;3//. pi. ee Se
eo ae taste. Th rd an essential oil n infusion of the flowers is often used as a stomachic, and as an asmodic. quantities, it excites vomiting. e powdered flowers, in large doses, haves ed agues, even when the bark had failed. Both leaves an flowers aceon ver crea antiseptic Bah an es, and are therefore Ssed in an ¢ fomen and poultic . From their antispasmodic Powers, ie
~ taken j Gaccn* Ray De doetshe da the flowers in calculous cases.
24
tincto’ria,
Ptar’mica
SYNGENESIA, SUPERFLUA. Anthemis,
Stems widely prostrate, smooth, purplish. Leaves winged, cut, naked, sprinkled with hollow dott, more closely toothed to- wards the base, with a purplish, elevated, transverse line a the base. Fruit-stalks terminating, solitary, somewhat scored, downy, thicker above. Flowers 0 the scent of M. Parthenium,
Linn. Florets in the centre yellow Sea ee Meadows on the sea coast. P. July, Aug.
(2) All the florets yellow,
A. Leaves doubly winged, serrated, cottony underneath : stem supporting a corymbus.
Kniph. 12-Blackw. jee dan. 741-Ger. 607. 3-Matth ~
909-—Barr. 465—Clus. i. 332. 2—Ger. em. 747—Pet. 19.7 ~Fuchs. 206-F. B, iii. a. 122. 2-Trag. 152-Gars. 419.
Stem scored, slightly hairy, much branched. Leaves, the ssted winged ; wings pases toothed, — bait and
ference broad, with 3 teeth, Mr. Woopwarp. iar has f Leaves W fete leafits with winged aise ‘the seg- ts tapering, fine bits: Sonia Cal. hollowed on the under side round the fruit-stalk, woolly. Bloss. yellow. eeye. Chamomile. Sunny pastures, but not common. On a bank near the river Tees, not far from Sockurn, Durham. R. Sm. But Mr. Robson informs me it is not now to be found there P. July, Aug.”
ACHILLE’A. Recept. chaffy: down none: calys egg-shaped, tiled : strap- -shaped florets from 5 to 10.
. AX, Leaves strap-spear-shaped, embracing the stem, finely serrated,
* The flowers afford a remarkably clear and good w dye. Th
flowers of the Chrysanthemum om ac tesentaie them a does in "appearances
experience proves they cannot be substituted in their place. et and goats cat it. Sheep are not ‘fond of it. Cows and swine refuse
|
SYNGENESIA. SUPERFLUA. Achillea,
ar hegre bot. 757 -Kniph. 5-Ludw. 118—Wale.—Fuchs. FJ. B. iii. a. 147-Trag. 159-Lonic. i, 235. 2—Pet. if 3~Fl. dan. 643-Gars.-H. ox, vi. 12. row 3.1. f. 1 - —Blackus. 276—-Clus. ii, 12. 1-Dod. 710. 1-Lob. obs. 243. 3, and it. 1. 455. 2—Ger. em. 606. 1-Ger. 483. 1-Park. 859. f. 1-Matth. 585. Stems 1 to 2 feet high, firm, somewhat angular, eG often reddish. 9 upright, scattered, sitting, * agi spear-shaped, dark green, serratures very minu mete ee .
out, brownish and ine at the edges. Florets of ihe circum~ iF
rrow. Goose-ton, Bastard Pelloy Mone meine snd shady places, [a balks of cornfields P. July, rie
Var. 2. Flowers double.
Clus. ii. 12; 2-Ger. em. 606. 2.
Leaves oe ee , serratures deeper, as in the figures of H. ox. Dod. &c. Mr. Woopwarp. All the florets, except a few in the wily “catinte, strap-shaped.
Small Holme Island in inander-mere and at Chilmark ie iltshire. R. Syx. [At Ripton. Found by Mr. J. Whitelocke,
urseryman at : Fulham, Mr, Woopwarp. *
725
A. Leaves doubly: -wingril segments of the wings strap- Millefolium. shaped, toothed.
E. bot. 758-Kniph. 5. and 7-Ludw. 67-Fl. dan. 737- _ Waodv. 61—Anders—Blackw. 1S—Clus. i. 331—Dod. 100. 2-Lob, obs. 431. 1, and ic. i. 747+ 2-Ger. em. 1072. 2- H. ox. vie 11. 14—Pet. 19. 4—Ger. 914. 2-Lonie. i, 240. 1-Gars. 388~—Ger. 914. 1—Fuchs. 727-F. B. iii. a. 136- Trag. 477-Matth. 1142—Doed. 100. 1~Lob. obs. 430. 2, and ic. is 747. 1-Ger. em. 1072. 1-Park, re th OXs ‘Vie 11, 6—Maith. 1141. he roots have a hot biting tastes The young tops are sharp and
plans in spring sallads. ‘Ows, sheep, goats, nem swine eat it.
The powdered leaves excite sneezing. Horses,
Cy’anus,
SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea.
Stem angular, cottony, Fruit-stalks cottony. Mr. Woonw.
the edges. Florets of the circumference, 5; border nearly circular, bent back, slightly cloven into 3 ; those of the centre i or more, but not more than 4 or 5 expanding at once, Linnzus says the leaves are smooth, but in all that I have eaminad, they are either woolly. or hairy.
Var. 2. Blossoms purplish red; sometimes nearly crimson.
Yarrow. Millfoil Yarrow, Meadows, pastures, and road sides. P. June—Auvug.*
FRUSTRANEA.
CENTAURP/A. Recept. bristly : down either fea- thered or hair-like: florets of the circumfe- rence funnel-shaped, irregular, longer than the others.
(1) Scales of the calyx serrated with fringe. C. os scales sos leases strap-shaped, very en- tire; the lower ones toothed.
Curt.—Fl. dan, <a : 3 277-Kniph. 6-Ludav. 55-Sheldré 44—Blackw. 270-Wale.—Dod, 251. 1-Lob. obs. 296+ 1s and it. i, 546, 2~Ger. em. 732. 2-Park, 482. 2-Pet. 22+ 4—Fuchs, 428-F. B. iii, 21. 3-Ger. 592, 2-Trag. 50- Lonic. i. 182. 1—-Matth, 508—H. ox. vii. 25. 4.
Blossoms blue, sometimes white, ss or i Livy. Leaves, the lowermost sometimes very entire. Mr. Hot LEFEAR. Stem 1 to 2 feet high, ‘sngutay, ned slightly eae: branched upwards, Leaves numerous, whitish and cott derneath, — 3 parallel ribs. Branches with 1 flower. "Cal
purp + rter than the anthers. Deut ‘bon ae Mr. SNesiecks.. Stem angular, with
* The flowers eed an essential oil. The leaves are celebrated by the Materia Medica writers for a variety of purposes, but they are little attended to at _ sent. "Sheep and swine cat it. Horses, cows, and goats are not tond o
SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea,
small tufts of white wool. Leaves with 3 ribs. Cal. edged with brown, skinny, spear-shaped teeth, Hermaphradite florets, e 7 nde
just below the anthers with a fringe of silvery glandular hairs. Anthers almost black, horny at the top. Style a little hairy just
Blue-bottle. Knapweed. Cornflower. Hurt-sickle. Bache- lor’s-buttons. Cornfields. A. June—Aung.*
C. Calyx scales egg-shaped, fringe hair-like, upright : lower leaves lyre-shaped, angular ; upper ones egg- strap-spear-shaped, and aay entire,
Var. 1. Flowers without rays.
FI, dan. 996~E. bot. 278-Walc.-Reich. fi.—Clus. ii. 7. 2 ~Dod. 124. 2—Lob. obs. 292. 3, and it. i. 541, 1-Ger. em. 727. 1—Park. 468. 1-H. ox. vii. 28. row 2. 1—Pet. 22. 8&7. B. iii. a. 27.
shaped. Like to C. Yacea, but without neutral florets in the circumference. Linn. Stem angular, scored, slightly cottony,
Black Knap-weed. Hard-heads. Hard-irons. Meadows and pastures. P, July, Aug.
Var. 2. Flowers radiated.
This variety is common in Wiltshire, as I learn from Mr. Nortis, and Mr, Stackhouse informs me that it is more frequent
Beats, and sheep cat it, Horses and swine refuse it,
ni‘gra,
“y to
“3
Scabio’sa,
SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea.
in Cornwall, and the west of England, than the sort witho out
ys. It has sometimes been ae for the we an - but in that the scales of the calyx are thin, membra r skinn ny and ragged at the edges, not with a fesvulit fitioe of stiff blac bristles as in this.
Outer florets ad Epes radiating, divided nearly half way down into 5 equal stra without stamens or pistils,. Other radiating florets enicily rascan ting these, but furnished
with stamens and pistils. Central florets white; anthers and summits purple. Szem fluted, cottony. Lower leaves speare shaped, toothed, somewhat hairy; upper leaves Sb ot 9 very entire. It may possibly prove a distinct species
C, Calyx scales fringed: leaves wing-cleft; segments spear-shaped.
E. bat, 56-Matth, 959-F. B. iii. a. 32, 2-Ger, 588. 2, and 83 ihe 5,
Root-leaves winged, on long leaf-stalks, with a winged mid-
rib ; wings egg-shaped, toothed, frequently with wing-cleft ap-
like juice. Filaments a little woolly. Anthers shining, dat it cloven. Fruit-stalks long, naked. Blossoms rp white. Onawr Kanpessed: Borders of cornfields. P. July
(2) Calyx thorny ; thorns compound.
Calci‘trapa. C. Calyx sitting, almost doubly thorned : leaves wing- t,
segments strap-shaped, toothed : stem hairy. E, bot. 125-Kuniph, 11—Ger, 1003, 1-Col, phyt. 24—-Clus. iis 7. 3-Dod. 733—Lob. obs, 482, 2, and ic. ii, 11. 2-Gers em. 1160. 1-F. B. iii. a. ag Pet. 988, 1—Pet, 21, Li8 Ger. 1003, 9—Lonie, i 1, a, ce
yellow, sometimes white. Linn. or < ' Star Thistle. Star Knapweed. Barren meadows ad sides, [Yarmouth Denes, near the sea, with a white blossom,
frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. Bethnal Green. Mr. Jones.’ Sands- end near Whitby, Yorkshire. Mr. Rosson. Road sides North of Bedford, common. Mr. Pirt.] | - A, July, Aug.
729
C. Flowers solitary : calyx thorned : branch-léaves decur- solstitia'lis. |
rent, without thorns, spear-shaped ; root-leayes lyre- ing-cleft. “A E, bot, 243-—Kniph. 8-Dod. 734. 1~Ger. em. 1166. 2~Park, 989. 4—Pet. 21. 12-Col. ecphr. 3i-Lob. adv. 372, and a tt, 12 Ys
equal thorns ; the rest with awl-shaped thorns as long as the _ calyx, and armed on each side with lesser thorns. Blossoms yel- low. Linn.
St. Barnaby’ Thistle, ot Knapweed. Cornfields and hedges. Not far from Cirencester, Gloucestershire, and Northfleet, Kent. In a field'‘at Arminghall near Norwich. Mr. Crows. Linn. Tr. ji. 236, A. July, Aug.
NECESSARIA. CALEN’DULA. Recept. naked: down none: ca-
lyw of many, nearly equal leaves : seeds of the centre, mostly membranaceous.
C. Seeds boat-shaped, prickly, turned inwards ; the inner- arven’sis,
ed together, the outermost upright, fur- nished with a tail. H. ox. vi. 4. 6-Tabern. 713—Ger. 603-F. B, iii. 103, Nearly allied to the C. officinalis. Leaves somewhat toothed, but heart-spear-shaped; not spatula-shaped. Linw es, the upper ones heart-shaped, lower ones strap-egg-shaped, all of
738 SYNGENESIA. NECESSARIA. Filago.
FILA’GO. Recap Ree: dean ae Po sometimes none: calyx tiled : female florets partly without petals, within the scales of the calyx
arven’sis, F. Stem supporting a panicle: flowers conical, lateral. [See Gnaphalium arvense.}
germa‘nica. F. — forked : flowers roundish, axillary, rough with
eaves acute. [See Gnaphalium germanicum.|
gallica, FF. Stem ay upright: flowers awl-shaped, axillary:
leaves thread-shaped. [See Gnaphalium gallicum.]
monta’na. F, Stem somewhat forked, upright: flowers conical, ter-
minating and axillary. [See Gnaphalium montanum. }
* This s is a very common plant oo te cornfields and in = vineyards
~ Portugal, and is used as food for milking cows. ‘The milk yi ielded by s which are fed upon it, is wo good. When we nace the constant intercourse kept up between Portugal and Falmouth, it is not
ported from thence: and in a similar manner have several other exotics pr i y been introduced, and i in time become naturalized ; and this con- v to
¢e noy
jec ticularly illustrated
be found. on Ballast hills, near Sunderland, Durham; and in other like tions
eee nas
CRYPTOGAMIA,
CLASS XX. CRYPTOGAMIA.
MISCELLA’NES, EQUISE’TUM. ..... git mes agg forming an egg~
ong, terminating spike.
LYCOPO’DIUM..... ahs leeexilcy, solitary, naked, kidney-shaped, with 1 cell, and elastic valves.
PILULA’RIA, ...,.. Capsules 4-celled, globular, sit- ting in the bosom of the leaves
: at eac
ISOE’TES, ......... Male flowers solitary, within the
base of the inner leaves, Fem. solitary, within the base of
the outer leave; capsules 2- celled,
FI’LICES.
(1) Capsules without an elastic ring; in Spikes. OPHIOGLOS’SUM. , . Capsules united by an inveloping membrane, so as to iorm 2 2-rowed, jointed spike. OSMUN’DA......+ + Capsules distinct, 2-valved, form- , ing a bunch-like spike.
(2) Capsules roundish, on pedicles, encompassed by a jointed elastic ring ; and opening irregularly into 2 parts, ACROS’TICHUM. . —— covering the whole un-
der surface of the leaf. P OLYPODIUM. rae. pater orniing distmcgree spots on the under surface of the leaf
CRYPTOGAMIA. ASPLE’NIUM. ..... Capsules forming straight scat- : t i h
ered lines on the under sur- face of the leaf.
BLECH’NUM....... ad forming lines adjoining
si i to the ribs of the
PTE/RIS Pewee vee woman hitting a line at the edge of the leaf. ADIAN’TUM..... . Capsules forming oval spots un- der the reflected points of the eaves.
TRICHO’MANES .. . Capsules solita inserted on the very edge of the leaf.
MUS‘CI.
SPHAG’NUM....... Capsules mouth not fringed, co- vered with a lid; without a veil.
SPLACH’NUM...... aye on a ieee fleshy re-
tacle: Veil very large.
POLY’TRICHUM. . =: Capeal on a very wae recepta-
é, ele: Veil hai
MNIUME .. os'< . » Capsule with a lid: ‘Feil smooth:
Fruit-stalk not issuing out © a ' a fleshy receptacle.
Pree Ue. ee Capsule with a veil, and the rudi-
nt of a |i
id w ich does not
all off, pages Sia ee: Koapaes with alid: Feilsmooth: - Fruit-stalk terminating, 15-
suing out of a-fleshy tuber- cle,
PRET MEOe § se e's . . Caps. witha lid: Veil smooth: Fruit-stalk \ateral, ise from a turbercle surrounde with scales,
* In Bayum sessile, tectorum, & striatum the veil is hairy.
CRYPTOGAMIA,
FONTINA’LIS..... Genet seied, sitting, enve. loped by the scales of the re- setacle. BUXBAUMIA. o eee Capsule ona fruitstalk, manta
naceous on one side.
HEPA’TICA. | MARCHAN’TIA. .... Male, Calyxsalver-shaped, with ed
numerous anthers imbedd in its disc.
Fem. Calyx target-shaped, flow- ering underneath: Capsules burstin ae tops: Seeds OE bat) elastic fibres.
JUNGERMAN’NIA... Css - ae naked,
TARGIO’NIAY 342% iia eee Reeds very nu- : merous, collected into a globe. (E. lot.)
_ANTHO’CEROS. . epee awl-shaped, 2-valved :
Seeds connected with the
v BLA’/SIAs we. . Sheath cylindrical, protruding globular buds from its bottom. RIC’CIA.... 2.2... Fructifications granules buried in the leaf. (Gmelin,) Anthers a ag sitting on the meén: perforated by the i le Caps. globular, crown- a by the withered anthers : Seeds hemispherical, on pe- dicles, (E. lot.)
AUG. LYCHEN, BGs Se ate Fen. scattered warts.
em — saucers or tubercles hic e seeds are im- bedded, (E, lot.)
- 733
734
CRYPTOGAMIA,
TREMEL’LA....... Seeds es ee a jelly. like substan UL/VA. «2.2... Seeds dispersed ‘Siiccah a jell like -membranaceous sub stance, (growing in water.) DBYS Biss ewes te Substance, wool-like fibres. CONFER'VA.... 6. Filreshair-like,simpleor branch- ed, often jointed; (growing in water. FOCUS. ios ws - Substance leather-like: Fruit globular, capsule-like; or
stance, with an open pore above them
FUNGI. (1) Seeds on the under surface. MERU’LIUS. .. , Pileus with Gills underneath, of the same substance with the
rest of the plan
AGARIC USIP AER. . Pileus with Gills nndaeneal of a different substance from the rest of the plant.
FISTUEVYNA. 0. 6 Pileus with separate tubes under- neath: Seeds in the tubes
BOLETUS; "8540-23 Pileus with united tubes ie neath : Seeds in the tu
ELA i go ek ck Fileus with solid cylinders unde a Seeds on the cylin-
HELVEL’LA, » .5.. 9-6 Bek 3 on a stem, smooth under- neath: Seeds on the under surface.
AURICULARIA, ... Flat,membranaceous, fixed when young by the whole under surface: Seeds on “ie upper surface which becomes Ie- versed as it attains maturity-
CRYPTOGAMIA,
(2) Seeds on the upper surface.
WAS A. Fae .». Cup-shaped or concave: Seeds discharged by jerks from the
| upper surface only.
NIDULA/RIA.. ..... Leathery; sitting; bell-shaped. Capsules large, flat, fixed to
petites, at the , Ste of the
PHATL’/LUS. »..s . Stem supporting a cellular head. . : Seeds in the cells,
(3) Sees on every part of the surface. CLAVA/RIA, .. . Oblong, upright club-shaped. Seeds emitted from every part of its sanfuse
(4) Seeds in the substance of the plant.
SUBER: -sairdare ey Fleshy, —_ not becoming pow-
ery; not opening at the top.
LYCOPER’DON, ... Firm, fleshy, becoming powdery
{and fibrous, within opening at the top.
RETICULA’RBIA . Bact changing to friable; open-
7 ng indiscriminately. Seeds lodged in interlacing fibrés or membranaceous cases,
SPH’ BEA civil a sts: abs Fruit spherical, filled with black powder, mostly concealed by an outer coat; opening at the top.
TRI’CHIA. ..... ++» Capsule globular, egg-shaped or cylindrical, composed of in- terwoven fibres. Stem fixed to a membranaccous base.
DRY OR os cs . Stem very slender. Seeds naked
or in capsules at the ends of the stem,
735
736
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANE.E. Equisetum.
MISCELLA’NEZ.
EQUISETUM. Spike club-shaped, egg-oblong: fructifications target-shaped, opening inwards,
sylvat‘icum,E, Stem bearing a spike: lea‘ es compound,
arven’se,
Hedur. Theoria. \-FI, dan. 1182-Bolt. fil. 33-Ger. 957; misprinted 953. 5~C, B. th. 245-Park. 1201. 5-Bolt.
20 The entire plant very much resembling in figure a fir-treey its leaves being all in whirls. Linn. Stem from 7 to 15 inches
high, aed by sete scored, pale yellowish brown. Sheaths of the our, but d . Leaves 8, 10, or 15 in a whirl,
enti. on ong ‘the upper knot of the stem. F ructifications about 15 ina whirl towards the bottom of the spike. Aunthers fixed to filaments, which, on being breathed upon, coil up, but in a moment becoming dry, they expand again. After several expansions and contractions they detach themselves, still con- tracting when moistened, gradually bending from a straight line into a circle. If a drop of water be pushed towards them, they contract mee it touches them. These ae are often so sudden as to throw the object out of the field of v
Weed Horsetail Moist woods and shady Sse near rivulets, and in boggy ground. P. April, May.
Var. 2. Leaves pointing all one way. R. 5 131.5. This happens when the stem has been trodden dow
Var. 3. Leaves very long and very spud R. Sy. 131. 6+,
In shady and moist situations. It is a variety of E. palustre Sci aoe of a pale yellow green colour. /éid.
I believe this change in the habit occasionally takes place in bot apie and indeed more or less so in almost every plant in similar situations,
E, Fertile stalk leafless: barren stem leafy, lying down
eaves in whirls Curt. 285-Bolt. fil. 34—Kniph. 1-Dod. 73+ 2—Lob. it. ie 795»
2-C: B, th. 247, the right hand part of the figure- Blackw. 217. 3 and 4—Fuchs. 322-J. B: iii. 730+ j= Trag. 692. 2—Lonic. i. 176. 2-Matth. 1027-Cam. epite 77 1-Ded. 73. 4—Lob. obs. 461. 3. ic, i. 794. 2-Ger ee 1114, 5~Park, 1202, 11-Fuchs. 322-F. B, iiie 729-2 Ger, 956, 3
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANEZ. Equisetum.
Fertile stems appearing before the other; soon decaying. Bar. ven stems continuing a long time. Linn. Barrez stems rough, RS.
Stalk from a hand’s breadth to a foot high, cylindrical, smooth, jointed, the upper knots farther distant, the lower approachin
nearer to each other; each joint terminating in a sheath. Shearhs furrowed, wider than the stalk, many-cleft; segments spear. shaped, tapering toa point. Spike yellowish white, nearly an inch long, the base encircled with a membranaceous yellowish border. Fructifications in whirls, yellowish, Poticu. Stem
d
what shining. such situations score Sheaths with 4 teeth corresponding to the angles of the leaves, of the same colour with eaves. RD
sheaths furrowed as the stem, cloven one third of the way down; teeth blackish brown at the ends, with very shallow white mem- branaceous edges. Leaves, the joints of the upper branches fre- quently 3-square, and the joints terminating in 3 teeth; teeth ° The fertile stems not to be distinguished from those of the E. sy/vaticum before the leaves appear, but by observing that the sheaths in the E. sy/vaticum. are divided into 12 seg- ments, but in this species only into 3 or 4, ; Corn horsetail. Moist cornfields, P. March, April.
E. Stem angular: leaves unbranched. Bolt: fl. 35; Barren plant 16. 37-Fl. dan. 1183—Lob. ic. 1. 795. 1-Ger. em. 1114. 4—Park. 1200. 3-Trag. 694- Lon. i. 176. 3-C. B. th. 247, left hand stem—Gars. 258. B. fructification—Hedwig. Th. 2. 8. 9. 10. Stem smooth. Leaves 6 to 10, furrowed, smooth, with black Scales at the base. Lrers. Root black. Stem with fewer an
short, tipped with black, which distinguishes it from t @rvense, Woopw, Barren-leaves reseipble those of E. arvense,
Vor. III,
737
palus’tre.
738
fluviat‘ile.
limo’sum.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANE, Equisetun:.
_ but the second leaves in the E. arvense ate A- sided, and the
sheaths have 4 aaa ria in this species they are 5-sided, and the sheaths have 5 7 BOLT. Paddock Pipe in iF Sheet Marsh Horsetail. Se es and watery places. P. June, July. Var. 2c ribeteds Spikes terminating the upper leaves as well as the s Ray 5. 3. at p. 160.
This variety gel arises when the primary stem has_
been bitten off. Bour
E. Stem scored: leaves generally unbranched. Bolt, fil. 36. 37—FI. dan. 1181-Matth. 1026-Dod. 73. 1- Lob, obs. 461, 1. ic. i. 793-Ger. em. 1113. 1-Park. 1200. 1-Ger. 955. 1-C. B. th. 241—Blackw: 217, 1
and 2-Cam. epit.770. B. C.—Gars. 258. A.
‘Shéaths cloven into as many pointed teeth as there are leaves. Leaves 30 to 40 ina whirl, deeply furrowed, 4-cornered, con- sisting of nde longish joints. Hatt. Sheaths of the barren stems surroun ed at the top with a well defined — a
the ile stems. Leaves from 3 to 15 inches ee very closely set. This aie may be readily n first sight by its $ rous Jeaves, and w DWARD.
grea n hitish stem, Woo Fertile stems sometimes leafy, so that Haller i is mistaken in his — Ne they are leafless. orsetail. Marshy and watery places, sides of rivets, sche pools and lakes. [Not very frequent—cold springs at owestoft; between Bungay and Halesworth, Sts Faith New sor Bogs near Norwich. Mr. tag ] wagers 6 » June
E. Stem frequently naked, smooth.
Bolt. fil. 38-Ray 5. 2. at p. 16C-¥. B. tiie 729. 3:
Closely allied-to E. fuviatile; sometimes throwing out 2 few leaves. Linn. A variety of E. palustre. Stems thicker and taller, those of younget flowering plants leafless, furrows much m numerous than those of E. palustre ; teeth of the sheaths eg pointed, brown. Hatt. 2. 1677. #. It differs also as follows Whole plant ye moother. Rset yellowish. Stem brown below, ed: :
stem, the teeth of the lower brown, those of the upper black, and smaller than those of E. palustre. Leaves either straggling here and there, or in whirls on the middle part of the stem. Head dark brown, but not so dark as in E. palustre, also larget. For the
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANEA. Equisetum.
tems phe crlindient those which bear frctifiations after flowering becoming eee and sometimes throwing out lateral branches ; those which are barren tapering gradually to the end, and mostly continuing bast of leaves. The shoots of next year ‘upwards of an inch long, from the side of the “age at iS knots, which throw out fibrous roots. St.
hich, as all the species of this genus are jointed like the eo were sur. ounded at thei r joi oints 3 a series of 6,7 7, or 8 bulbs, arranged
e a fig, with a iene umbilicus at the larger end; ee young of a tawny brown colour and mise srben old black and smooth : the pulp within bess and similar in consistence to apple or potatoe. In the succeeding month of April, I had the ood to obserye many oe ese bodies in a state of vegetation,
ac tionable loss of juice in the sustaining bulb. ‘These Wire very different in strength, size, and appearance, from the recent shoots immediately proceeding out of the parent root. None of the bulbs were found within a foot or more of the horizontal surface of theearth. In the lower figure of the drawing is represented a transverse section of the root, encircled by a whirl of bulbs, co = number pees correspond with the radial partitions of 6,7, 8, &c. ‘The upper figure exhibits a portion of the root with only two bulbs, to avoid confusion, in a state of vegeta- tion :’—These bulbs _differ much in dimensions from the size of
ter, Pp tion may be conveniently attended to; for the young g shoots, | in
Smooth Horsetail. Com in the beds of rivers near the banks : also shallow ponds, a ditches in marshes >. May, June.
ao 2
39
740
CRYPTOGAMIA.* MISCELLANE#. Lycopodium,
_byceeee E. Stem naked, rough, somewhat branched at the base.
Bolt. fl. 39-Cam. epit. 770. A.—Ger. 955. 2—Ger. em. 1113. 2-Park. 1021.7. 8, right hand figure.
tem perennial, green, rough likea file. Sheaths of the joie
re black at the base and edges, with imperfect teeth. Lryy.
Stems furrowed with 18 or 20 rough angles, some of the joints 3
stem has furrows. Spike terminating. Licurr. Differs from E. limosum in being sea-green, in the greater length of its joints, and in its extreme roughness. Woopwar
Rough Horsetail. Shavegrass. Pemnemiien, Dutch Rushes. Marshy and mire places, but notcommon. In a moist ditch neat Middleto and in arivulet near Broad-stitch
2 ri Mr. Crowe. pov below Stone Bier Lin, near Lanerk, Scot- land. Sr. Sexton Wood, Hedenham, near Bungay. Mr. Srons.] P, July, Aug.* Var. 2. Stem with a few leaves. Haut. Trag. 692. 1-Lon. 1. 176. 1-7. B. iii, 729. 1-C. B. th. 248. Var. 3. With numerous lateral branches. Sr. Matth. 1028-Dod. 73. 3—Lob. obs. 461. 2. ic. i. 794-10 - 250. When it has been browsed any: = bis — it puts out nu- merous bitetal branches, Mr. Gur
LYCOPO’DIUM. Capsules axillary, kidney-shap- ed, 2-valved, elastic; many-seeded.
clava’tum. L, Leaves scattered, terminating in Aetueees spikes cylin-
rical, on fruit-stalke, in
Paes bh. s—E. bot. 224—Dill. 58. se dan. 126—H. ox-%¥> 5. row 1. 2-Gesn. i. tabula picta, f. 2-Blackw. 535- Pluk. 47. 8—Trag. 555—Lon. i. 179. 1-Ger. 1374+ UE Ae Marth. a. C. B.—Lob. obs. 645. 1, ice i. 244. $-- Gar add
1562. 11-Matth. 63-Park. 1307. 4—F. B. iti. 700+ a Leaves open. Linn. Shoots from one to seve eral er in =" feitgt firmly attached - the earth by woody fibres.
* The turners and cabinet-makers use it to smooth their work. It is Wholesome to horses, hurtful to cows, and disagreeable to sheep.
CRYPTOGAMIA. fejecrisns Wes
= ed, and heclinds with in aide hairs at e t mmer, from the ends of the branches, the fruit-stalks rise up, a ea leafless, jointed, straight, rigid, from 2 to 4 inches
high, dividing at the top into 2 (or 3) cylindrical, Siiciiang spikes. Spikes closely tiled ak scales or husks, egg-spear- shaped, pointed, hairy at the end, ragged at the edges. Each of these scales incloses a kidney-shaped yellow capsule, exploding when ripe a yellow po ores which resembles sulphur, and burns with an explosion. Weis. Frwit-stalk generally with 2 equal spikes, frequently with 1, and sometimes with 3, which are un- ual, Mr. Goucu.
Common Club-moss. Wolf’s Claw. Dry places on moun- tains, Somes woods. ampstead and Hounslow ig near E [-Monshol id Heath, near Norwich, Mr. Pitcu- FORD. geen and the north. Mr. Woopwarp. Pca Heath, Staffordshire. | P. July, Aug.*
L. Leaves scattered, fringed, spear-shaped: spikes soli-Selaginoi des, tary, terminating, leafy.
, terminating, leaf Dill. 68, Selaginoides—Fl. dan. 70-Scheuch. it. i. 6.1, at p. 43—Hall. enum. 3.1. at p. 109, and hist. 40. 15 at iil. . 56-H. ox. xv. 5. row 2. 11, the lower part of the fizure, the upper being L. inundatum, Pluk. 47.7. Capsules, weet ph the base of the lower leaves when viewed sidewise a and the behee pall pair hiw ; at length gaping, and disclosing as many large solid seeds ; thee at the base of the upper leaves yel- lower, of a looser as entirely simple, round, He containing seeds, but pollen. Linn. Plant ee 1to3 sichek igh,
F ountainous heaths and aes, In Scotland, the north af Bae: nd sad Wales. [Mountains in West- moreland. Mr. Woo Rocks above Ffynnon frea Lanberris. Mr. Gairritu.] P. June—Sept.
L. Leaves scattered, very entire: spikes terminating leafy.
Dicks. h. s.-E. bot. 239-Fl. dan. 336—Dill. 61.7—Vaill. 10.
11-H. ox. xv. 5. row 2. 11, the middle and upper branches, the rest belonging to L. Selaginoides.
three’, but really in fours, one pair above -
inunda'tum, —
n Sweden aner form it into mats or basses, which le at their doors . seeds
to cle m shoes u It restores ropy wine ina few days.
imitate lightning. They are with difficulty made wet, and if scattered on a bason of water you may dip your hand to the bottom of the bason Without wetting it
Sela’go.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANEZ. Lycopodium,
Stem creeping. Spikes solitary, sitting, smooth. Linn, Branched; the length of a finger or more; ‘cylindrical. Spikes sitting, upright. Leaves ion gfe pointed, smooth, on the creeping shoots pointing one way, two lines long, and one broad
sLICH,
shaped, crowded, without terminating hairs, Spzkes leafy, not different from the shoots except in being thicker. Capsules com- pressed, roundish, not kidney-shaped. W
Marsh Club-mass. Moist tenth and turfy ‘bogs. Hounslow Heath, and near Esher. [Near Norwich, Eling ‘Fen near Bungay, Saffolk. Mr. .Woopw...On Nor n Bog, Cannock Wood, Staffordsh. Hon. Mr. Bacor. | P, Jume—Sept. —
i Ldaves scattered ; pointing 8 ways: stem forked; sa ight branches all of the same height: igor ~ scattere
E. bot. 293-—Dilll. 56. 1—Fl. dan. 104—H. ox. xv. 5y row 2; YeScheuch. ite i. 6. a.
es. Lee'ves spear-sha -pointed, stiff smooth, shining, scolloped or vues =) aoe at the oe Capsules in the bosom of the upper leaves, kidney-sh flatteds yellow, openiiig like an oyster, and pouring out a ga yellow owder. 1s. Root dividing into forks like the stem. Dit. his eons er, when sown by Mr, Fox, produced young plants 5 a complete demonstration that it is the seeds, and not as Linnzus thought, the pollen. Linn. Tr, = xe 5. ‘The whole plant very
- Yorkshire. Curr. ods. 132. es in the north. e
anng'tinum,
oopwarp. On Dartmoor,
on. Needwood fae ot fortsh,] v dw. Ape a
L. Leaves scuiisees , pointing 3 aways; somew hat serrated: stem jointed at each year’s shoot: spikes ter minat- im — smooth, upright.
Dill. 63. 9-H. ox. xv. 5, row 1. 3—Fl. dan, 127-Pluk. 205 5s
t purges, vomits, and destroys worms. A decoction of it is acu
for eat in swuic and cattle. Lins, Its properties seem ie challenge | ‘anhet
inquiry.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANE:. Pilularia.
ranches contracted at the last year’s shoots, as in the female of a Polytrichum commune. Leaves itled, in fives, ex- panding, decurrent. Linn. a branched. ‘Trailing stem very long. Upright shoots from 1 to 22 inches high, generally
& ch Clab-moss. On the mountains of Caernarvonshire. Ray Syn. [About 200 yards meee west of Llyn y Cwn, Caer- Saeronhire Mr. Grirrirs. | une—Sept.
L, Leaves pointing 4 ways; tiled, cee stems upright; spikes sitting ; cylin Ey bot. 234—Dill, 58. 2-Fi. lapp. 11. ware dan. 79-F. B. iii. 767.1.
Stem creeping, from a span to a foot long. Branches alter-
€, at an inch distant from each other, upright, forked, of the length ofa little finger. Little branches bundl led, from 20 to 30 together, exactly four-cornered, the a: unt. Leaves thickish. Fra ruit-stalks terminating a branch here and there,
the b panches, covered with smaller eaves, bearing as many a Spikes egg-shaped, nearly smooth. Linn. All the branches owe and frequently subdivided into foaike Dizi. Upright shoots 17 to 3 inches long ; thinner than the spikes which they sup Mountain Club-moss. Mountainous heaths in Yorkshire, Cumberland, and the mountains of Wales, the Highlands and Hebrides. [ Near the top of Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Curt. obs, 133% ~<a the Holme, ena 5 miles from Burnley, Lancashire. ti WARD. O w barrow, in Furness Fells, along bores “Seliga. Mr. Taceund P. July—Oct.
PILULA’RIA. Calyx common woolly, globular, 4-celled; opening in 4 directions: anthers many: Sra: pistils many: style none.
r : E. bot. 521—Dill. 79-Fl. dan. 223-Bull. 375—Bolt. 40~Pet. 9. 8-Vaill. 15. 6—Pluk. 48. 1-H, ox. Xv. 7-49. ender, trailing, striking root at the joints, and sending out delicate slender leaves, 2 or 3 inches long, generally 3 from a joint. Fructificarions —_— like pepper corns, on she § short pedicles at the base of rs e cma
5 been seer tee especially . a sere soil. Near ham Wells ; Petersfield ; and on Hounslow Heath. [Hainford and Stratton oe Norfolk, sia Crowe, St. Faith’s Newton
743
alpi‘num.
globulifera.
A&
lacus’tris.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANE. Isoctes.
Bogs. Mr. Prrerrorp. About 2 miles from Mold, on the north side of the Chester road, near Clawdd Offa, or Of s Dyke, Mr. GrirritH. Various bogs in Angus and Perthshires. Mr.
| P. June—Sept.
ISOE'TES. Male. Anthers sitting within the base
of a leaf. Fem. Capsule 2-celled, within the base of a leaf.
I, Leaves awl-shaped, semi-cylindrical, bowed back. Bolt. 41—Fi. dan. 191—Dill. 80. auRay ed. 1. 2, at p. 1. Root fibrous; fibres numerous, si mple, slender, striking
deep into the mud, Leaves growing in thick mig or 7 inches
long, extremely like young rushes, convex on the back, flat, or slightly convex in front ; at the base swelling into a kind of bulb, covered by a thin tender skin, which bursts and discovers it to be filled with numerous minute whitish seeds, which examined in the microscope appear —— — somewhat transpa- rent, and having 3 ribs meetin a centre. Mr. Woop
Soros so brittle that thet beh on the least attempt to bend
‘The transverse diaphragms very visible, I have often foord i it in seed. Mr. Grirritu
L t the bottom of lakes. [In Ffynnon ae, small lake near chee top of Snowdon. R. Syx. Mr. GrirritH.
Near Lianberris, and Lyn O ins near the top of Snourdekt
Loch Tay, and other Higland |
Techni: erwent Water, Cumberland. re WoopwWwaRD-
a Lomond. Dr. Hore. Loch of Clunie, Perthsh. 5
Mr. Brown. In White Meer, near Ellesmere.
Cares.) P, ua oe Ue seed in July.. Mr. Canaria
. Hups.— Dill. 8 re have often found a plant re-
sembling this, bat never Saki fd it iz seed. Mr, GrirFiTH- Leaves not so stiff, from the base of which rises a stem ita off shoots at different distances. Ricwarpson in R.
he
la a tera that Richardson here has applied the word — to the shoot which connects the offspring to the mother plant
{I have found leaves of it in Llyn Ogwen, but could not pro-
eure an Mr Woon Mr. Grirritu, At the bottom of Derwent w.]
Water. Mr
v - Huns. Leaves ety brittle, sometimes twice as long as Hoe of var. 1, narrower and more pointed, transparent — with many minute Bete RicwaibeOW i in R. Sy, Grows wit variety 1,76. 307
~GRYPTOGAMIA., FILICES. Osmunda.
FTLICES.
OPHIOGLOS’SUM. Capsules numerous, nearly globular, without an elastic ring ; united by a membrane into a 2-rowed spike ; opening crosswise when ripe: seeds numerous, minute.
O. Leaf egg-shaped, veinless, bearing the spike. E. Zot. _
Dicks. b. s—-E. bot. 108-Sheldr. 28-Fl. dan. 147-Fuchs, 577-Lonic. i. 103-F. B. ii. 708. 2~Trag. 323-Kaniph. 6—Cam. epit. 364—Park. 506-Gars. 425—Tourn. 325. 1— Bolt. 3—Blackw. 416. 1 and 2-H, ox. xiv. 5, row 3. 1— Barr. 252. 1—Matth. 594-Ger. 327-Dod. 139. 1—Lob. obs. 471. 1; ic. 1.808. 9—Ger. em. 404. 1—Fructificationy Hedwig. Th. 4. 20, 21, 22, 23.
Stem solitary. Leaf egg-spear-sha embracing the fruit-
ag’ Maes oe Eid a 6 when ie brown. r.Woopw. Leaf pixma cari lobed with small appen- dages on one or both sides
Common Adders-tongue. Moist cold meadows and pastures.
escigaer and sides of rivulets in the north of Yorkshire. Curr. [Love Lane, near Derby. Mr. Wuatetey. Near Biyt mhill, Staffordshire. Mr. Dickenson. Beddington, near Bungay, ‘Suffolk. Mr. Stone. Near Meltingham Castle, Suf- folk, frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. Broadmoor, near ee ham - P. May, June.
2, many-spiked. Fruit-stalk divided at the top, each sion supporting a si Bor. and the spike itself sometimes dividing into 2 or 3.
Blackw. 416. 3=—Bolt, 1. 1-Lob. ic. i. 809. 1-Ger. em. 404, 9-H. ox. xiv. 5, row 3. f. 2-H. ox. ib. fi 35 4, 5, E~ Cam. epit. 364—Park. 506, the lesser figures.
OSMUN’DA. Spike branched : Capsules distinct, sitting, globular, 2 2-valved : without an elas- tic ring ; opening either vertically or hori-. zontally.
vulga’tum.
(1) Frut-stalks distinct, rising from the stem at the base
he leaf Q. Stalk solitary ; bunch lateral ; leaf winged, solitary.
Luna‘ria,
rega'lis. .
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Osmunda.
Dicks. bh. s.—Kniph. \1-E. bot. 318—Blackw. 42C-Fl. dane 1-Garid. 78, at p. 346-Col. Phyt. 18-Cam, epit. 643. 1-Bolt. fil. 4—Barr. 252. 2-H. ox. xiv. 5, 1-Lom i. 77. 1-Maztth. 903-—Ger. 328. 2-Matth. a. C. B. 647. 1-—Clus. ii. 118. 2—Dod. 139. 2-Lob. obs. 470. 5 53 ite Te 807. 2-Ger. em. 405. 2—Park, 507-Fuchs, 483-7. B iii. 710-Trag. 914.
Within the base of the stem, early in the spring, may be found a complete rudiment of the next year’s plant. Livy. Wings of the leaf fleshy, crescent-shaped, semi-circular, and hal-
rd-shaped. It so exactly resembles Ophioglossum wulgatum in habit and structure, that they ought by no means to be separated.
t. Woopw. About 5 inches high. Leafts irregularly scol- loped. Spike, or SS pre from 1 to 2 inches long.
Common Mocrwort. ntainous meadows and pastures in land ; near Settle, “Votkahin?: Scadbury Park, Kent ; and Chisselhurst Common. Mear B ykes Wood, In-
t Bank, by S gleton, Yorkshire. Curr. North side of Bredon Hill, Wor- cestershire. Nasu. [Near Bury. Mr. Woopw. Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Crowr. On coalpit banks near Stourbri 43 Mt. Waxpron Hit. | P. May—July.* Var. 2—Linn. Leaves and stalks several. Cam. Cam. epit. 644—Matth. a. C. B. 647. 2. Found in En ngland. Cam, id. Leaves in pairs, doubly ee wings cut. Wild. 2. 875+ Var. 3. Leaves cloven into segments. Breyn. cent, 93-H. ox. xiv. 5. row 2, S—FI. dan. 18. 3 Osmunda Lunaria 6 Huds. Bolt. p. 5 Westmoreland, and the northern counties, R. Sys ; (2) The leaf itself bearing the fructifications. O. Leaf Seably re : bunches terminating, more than y compou Kniph. 2-E. bot. 209—Pluk. 181. 4-Trag. 543—Blackw- 324 Tourn. 324~Fl. dan. 217~Bolt. 5~¥. B. iii. 736-Dod
* Oss. Osmunda Str capbiopteriny Pai and I believe eriipa, do 1
nus; virgini regalis, apd cinmamomeus ed in structure with 0, Daa ee atter, with the genus Opbioglossums and perhaps ape which I have never seen in fructification, form 4 natural family of t tribe ae Fitters, distinguishable by the wa ant Ss say
and to all the Ferns propery so called, and which unites them and en ‘e nera aac ieh » Polypodium, Hemionitis, Asplenium, Blechnum, Lonchitisy
hpi i > tab and Tri emai, into another distinct natural assem- age.
Fe SA eS eae ee SO er ee
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. Acrostichum.
463-Lob. obs. 474. 1, and 23 it. i. 813-Ger. em. 1131- Park, 1038-Ger. 97 1-H. ox. xiv. 4, row 3. 1-Gars. 273 —R. Syn. ed. i. 1. 2. at p. 1.
Capsules opening vertically. Mr. Scare From 2 to 4 fect high, of a pleasant transparent green. Leaves doubly eg Leafs strap-spear-shaped, blunt, finely but indistinctly ae the lower and younger ones often lobed at the base.
ry
places and boggy marshes. {About Cosgarne and Marazion in the mouths of old mines. Mr. Warr. Bogs near Yarmouth. . Woopw. St. Faith’s, Newton Bogs, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Chartley Moss, Staffordsh. Hon. Mr. Bacorr. Moist hedges, New Forest, Hants. This plant, though before not to be found for many miles around Birmingham, lately appeared on a butt on Mosely Common, artificially made with mud from a deep pit, in which the seeds ac polis et for a great length te time. st continued to flour s the butt was a pet
(3) Leaves, some bearing fructifications.
ba J
sh
“4
O. Leaves spear-shaped, wing-cleft; very. entire, parallel, Spi'canthus,
unning into each other. See Buacunu M Spica
0. Leaves more than doubly compound ; leafits Koa cris ‘pa.
roundish, cut. See Preris crispa.
ACROS’TICHUM. Capsules entirely covering the under surface of the leaf. (1) Leaf simply divided. AY Leaves naked, strap-shaped, jagged. Fi. Sie 60-~Leb. adv. 17.9. ic. i. 47. 1-Ger. em. 1561. 8= Bolt. fl. 8-Trag. 537-Lon. i, 224. 5-Ger. 343. 4- Park. 1045. 8—F. B. ili, 755-2.
found in Coalbrook Dale iron works. A is the only species of an indige- hous vegetable which I have ever seen in a fossil state, Butit is a — of Virginia also, = All the other i aaiaeiens of Filices, which I
seen on iron-stone, seem to be those of American plants. The ~
boiled in water is very slimy, and is used in the North of Europe to stiffen Hiden instead of starch.
septentri- ona‘le.
748 CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Pteris.
Fructificatious, whilst immature, in short indistinct lines or dots. It is therefore, whilst young, an AspLenium. Bott. p.7+ and i2. From 2 to 3 inches high. Leaves mostly in pairs; eine, -shaped, on long ot rising from the root. Clefts of rocks and old walls. ‘Tops.o oh a, in — on Ingleborough, Yorkshire, and above Ambleside, Westmo land. [Rocks on the south side of Blackford Hill, plentiful. Mr. Brown. Rocks in Edinburgh Park. Dr. Hore. | PB
(2) Leaves wing-cleft. uven’se. A. Wings opposite, united, and very entire at the base 5 blunt, hairy underneath, See Potyroptum ilvense.
PTERIS. Capsules disposed in a line under the teflected edge of the leaf. cris‘pa. - P, Leaves more than doubly compound : Jeafits alternate, roundish, cut. Bolt. 7—F 1. dan. 400-H. ox. xiv. 4.4, and 27—Pluk, 3. 25 nd S—F. B. iit. 743-Hy 0x6 Xive 5. 25.
Lea foal waved, g Fructifications i in lines along the under margin of the sided is rolled back upon them, as
ge; those of the fertile ber much narrower, strap of speech’ and entire. Capsules surrounded with an elastic ring ; but Osmunda and Ophioglossum have no such rings ern Cr; risped Fern. Parsley Fern. Stone Brakes.
a
Woopw.—In Rutland. Mr. Jacxson.—Shap, very com also Tenterfell, near Nonkt Mr. Gouven.—Cader Idris. Fie. tifications ripe in ee Mr. Grirritx. | Var. 2. Leaves c son i See 2 varieties with curled leavéts the
« Jack one curled like Parsley, the other like the flow ering part of Os- munda regalis,
aquili‘na. P. Leaves more than doubly compound : fenfits winged : wings spear-shaped ; the lowermost wing-cleft; the upper ones snaaller. Ger. 969. 2-Bull, 207—Belt. 10-Pluk. 182, 1-Blackav. 325 —Fuchs. 590, misprinted 560-Dody 462. 2-Trag. 542- Matth. 1291-—Gars. 27 °-Lob. obs. 473+ 2. ile ie S12. 2
GRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Blechnum,
Ger. em. 1128. 2-Park. 1037, misprinted 1039-H. ox. xiv. 4. 3-Cam. epit. 992.
The Root cut oblignely presents a kind of representation of the Imperial Eagle. Linn. Where Linnzus has named it the P, aquilina or eagle brakes,
Female Fern. Common Brakes. Heath and woods. P. Aug.*
BLECH’NUM. Capsules forming 2 parallel lines
near the rib of the leaf.
749
B, Barren leaves wing-cleft : pais ce eS nar- Spi’cant,
rower 5 seoments very enti
Fedzy. Theor. 5, the fertile and barren leaf, with the parts
of fruct, dissect. and magnified—Curt. 127-Fl. dan. 9o- Trag. 550—Lon. i. 225. 1—-Clus. ii, 213. 1-Dod. 469. 1- Lob. obs. 475. 23 1¢. 1. 815. 2-Ger. em. 1140. 2—Park. 1042, 2-H. ox. xiv. 2..23—Ger. 978. 2—Bolt. 6~F. B.
ili. 745. 2-Cam. epit. 665~Gis. 49.
Flowering-leaves much narrower than the barren ones. Lrxn. erectifation covered at first with a thin membrane. Capsule of 1 cell and 2 v valves, connected by an Pye sa ee _
a H seg- Ments widest at the base, strap-spear- sshiipet, pint ral) ribs forked, sometimes, though rarely terminating in minute scollops. Fertile leaves, segments not so broad, separate, though the
— leaves 12 to 18 inches high, and near 2 inches bided, he er part naked or with short imperfect leafits. Barren leaves om the same root, but only about half as sath; clothed with leafits
ray to Pie bottom.
A Licews: Osmunda Spicant. Linn, Acrostichum
Biicuar Bot. Arr. ed. ii. It is now introduced as a Blechnum
in Sones coe ith the opinion of Dr Smith and Mr. Robson,
sidered as contiguous a and pa Hel to the mid-rib, which is the character of that genus, or.is disposed along the edge of the leat
eA epee pure alkaly is obtained from the ashes. The common ple in many parts of England mix the ashes ste water, po form ee into balls: these balls are afte rwards made hot in the fire, and then
use it to heat =— and to burn limestone; fér it affords a at oe heat. fn the more —— climates, bread is made of the roots. The Fern Moth fi feeds upon
scolopen’- drium.
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Asplenium.
which would refer it to the Pteris. It appears, however, from Hedwig’s microscopical dissections, that the anthers are fou upon the mid-rib, and that circumstance is I think sufficient to determine that the rows of capsules more properly belong to that than to the edge of the leaf, notwithstanding Hedwig himself has determined it to belong to the genus Acrostichum. See Pl. XIII. fig. 9, 10, 11 Groves and = heaths. [St. Faith’s Newton woods, near
Nor wey Common in Herts, and frequent in the North.
© RD.—At Ha insford, ‘Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. In lanes about daca Park near Birming ham. | P. July—Sept.
ASPLE’NIUM. Capsules disposed in straight and neatly parallel lines on the under surface of eat. (1) Leaf simple. A. Leaves heart-tongue-shaped ; very entire: stalks hairy.
Cart.—Tourn. 31G$-Blackw. 138—Bull. 167-Bolt. 11-Gars,
340-Trag. 540-Fuchs. 294—F. By iti. 756—Clus. ii. 213. 2-Dod. 467. 1-Cam. epit. 579-Wale.—Lab. obs. 408. 3- Ger, em. 1138. 1—Park. 1046, 1._f. 2-H. ox. xiv. 1. 1- Lon. 1. 224. S-Matth. 831.
Leaf-stalks rising from the root, about 2 inches came Leaf strap-shaped but rounded and hollowed at the base, from 8 to 12 inches long, or more ; 14 to 23 inches broad, the shortest leaves the broadest. F. rasctific écations.-in lines, slanting upwards from the mid-rib, but not in contact with it.
Spleenwort or Harts-tongue. M oist shady rocks, mouths of wells, old walls, and in the fissures of rocks. On the tops of most of the high mountains in Yorkshire. Curr. P. Aug. 5 a
Var. 2. Leaves curled and jagged at the edge.
7. By Mis 157s 9; [ Near a petrify ing g spring; by the side of a rivulet at the bot- Di
_ tom of Garn Dingle, 5 miles from Denbigh. Mr. GrirritH.]
Var.3. Leaves with many clefts at the end.
Clus. 11. 213. 3—Dod. 467. 2-Lob. obs. 469, 13 ic. ii. 805. 2 -Ger. em. 1138. 2-Park. 1047. 1-F. B. iti. 757. 2-H OX. XIV..1. row 1, 2—Ger. 967.2.
Phyllitis multifida. R. Syn. ie ‘ ae a lane near Swanelings not many miles from Southampton «CMe r Bromham, growing in the mouth of a well very fod shaded, Mr, Norais-]
Var. 4. Leaves with clefts at the edges,
Tourn, 45.4
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Acplenium.
ese A ftie &c. R. Syn. 117. In woods. Bosarr inR.S i. 5. esi. branched, with 3 or more leaves. Hi, ox. xiv. 8. r. Gough sent mea specimen of this variety in which the stalk divides into 5 branches, but it is entire at the base fo
its more common state. 6. Leaves much plaited and crenated at each edge, sear-shaped, one heart-tongue-shaped,) nearly as large s the common variety. _ Found in rath at Stoutshill, Gloucestersh. by the Rev. Mr.
R. (2) Leaf wing-cleft. A. Leaves wing-cleft ; lobes alternate, confluent, blunt.
Bull. 333-Wale.-Gars. 212-Barr. 1051, 1052, 1043. 1044 —Tourn. 318-Tragg. 551-Dod. 468-Lod. ee 470. 1 ic. i. 807. 1—Ger. em. 1140. 1-Park. 1046. f. 1-Ger. 978. 1-Marth. a. C. B. 646. 1-H. ox. xiv. 2. row 3. f- 4—Blackw. 210-F. B. iii. 749-Bolt. 12—Matth. §99- Cam. epit. 640.
Leaves so covered underneath with scales as to conceal the fructifications. Liny. Leaves many from a root, 3 to 6 inches long, the hollows between the lobes of the same size and sha as the lobes, Bie somewhat ns back when the fructifications Tipen. Mr. Woopw. Segments of the leaves very entire, semi- wat green oe thickly corae with brown scales under- neat . GoucH.
on Spleenwort. Old walls and clefts of moist rocks.
Rous "Baistel plentifully. [At Bury, at Asheridge, Hertford- shire. Northern counties frequent. Mr. Woopwarp. Heydon, — yes eine On old walls cemented with mortar ixed w y; and ina similar soil in limestone fissures on the highese, buat of Kendal Fell, Mr. Goucn. ] P. May—Oct.
(3) Leaves winged.
=z oT at
Ce’terach.
A. Leafits nearly circular, scolloped. Tricho'manes
Dicks. b. s.~E. bot. 576-Woadv. 20A~Kniph. 6@-Wale.-Bolt. 13, and 2. 2-Bull. 185-Tourn. 315. A.D. E.-FI. dan. 119-Blackw. 370-Gars, 128, B.-Trag. 530, 1—Les:c,
752
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Aspleniuin.
i. 212. 1-Cam. epit. 925—Park, 1051—Matth, 1202 Dod. 471. 1-Lob. obs. 471.25 ic. i. 809, 2-Ger. em: 1046-H. ox. xiv. 3. row 1. 10-Fuchs. 796-Ger, 985 Hedwig, Th. 7.375 @ leafit magnified. Plant from 3 to 7 inches high, meses of ‘a leaf, oivéta of which rise singly from a black fibrous root ; from 4 to 3 inch broad. Leafrs either circular or cebine 5 sometimes rather = into lobes; capsules when ripe ‘covering the whole under s
ac oye Reesialiog Miltwaste. Common Maidenhair. Old walls, rocks, and shady stony places. P, May—Oct.
alternifo/liumA. Leafits wedge-shaped, alternate, cut towards the end.
viride,
9 Facg. misc. 5. 2-Breyn. cent. 97» From 3 to 5 inches high. First found in Britain by Mr. Dick. son, on tocks i in the South of Scotland. Linn, Tr. ii. p..290. P.
A. Leaves spear-shaped : leafits circular, but with 3 or 4 Nos
Dicks. 4. s.—Bolt. 14.
ee Pee of a pale green, sometimes brownish towards the ee eee ns brown and pe ay 2 in ti Lei?
richomaness Mr. Woop. In the A. Trichomanes the wings or leafits are — regular in their edges, and less distinctly scol- loped ; but in the A. viride the inner aad under edges are always entire, the ais: and outer ones always scolloped. ‘The ge eneral shape of the leaf in both species is ee same, and rather op than spear-shaped.
A. Tr ichomanes ¥ Linn. iat 9 ribbed Spleenwort. Moist rocks on mountains. [On an old wall at Black Bank neat Leeds. Mr. Woops On Ingleborough. pate near the summit, and in ee Mr. Woopw. Crib y Ddeseil d Clogwy” du yr Arddu. Mr. a pag Foequete: in the Highlands of Sestigat: Mr. B wn. | x. Jat ne—Sept-
Var." Wing lobed and cut. il H. ox. xiv. 13, 3—Pluk. 73. é Tents: 315. C. F.-Ger. O75 Scotland. Bogarr in H. ox.—Jersey. PLUK. Var. 3. Leaf branched. Botr. , Belt, 2, 3-H, ax, xiv, 3, 11-Ger, 985. 2 B, itis 758, Jo,
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Asplenium.
A. Trichomanes ramosum, Linn.—A. Trichomanes 8 (Huds. ) On ‘i the high rocks of Caernarvonshire. a stone wall in a garden at Hf wore Kent, and on limestone rocks Craven, Yorkshire. On the rocks below Ogden Kirk on the opposite side of the Clough. Bott.
753
A. Leafits egg-shaped : serrated ; the ae edges expand: mari‘num. e
d at the base, the lower hollowed ou E, bot. 392—Pet. gaz. 91. 1-Bolt. 15-H. ox. xiv. 3. 25- Pluk. 253. 5-Wale.—Lob. obs. 474. 3, ic. 1. 8144Ger. em. 1143. 4—Park. ops es reddish bro Leafits some specimens spear~
near Beaumaris wyn in Anglesea, about Hastings, i and in Devonshire, Cornwall, and Cumber-. land.. In a stone cme —e to the road from "Wa arrington to Winwick, Lancashire. Bot Seu the coast of Angus between Montrose and Arbroath. Mr. Brown. ] P, June—Sepr.
Var. 2. Leafits deeply cut. Botr.
Sibbald Scot. ill. t. 3. f. 1. 2-Bolt. 2.4,
Plants corresponding to Sibbald’s figures we found in the
Coves at Weems in Scotland. Licatr. Adiantum ees UDs.
(4) Leaves doubly compound : divisions alternate.
A. Leafits wedge-shaped, finely scolloped. ru'ta mura'ria.
Kniph. 6-E. bot. 150-Sheldr. 68-Bull. 195-Wale.—Cam. epit. 785-Fl. dan. 190-Tourn. 317. 1-Bolt. 10-Blackw. 219-Gars. 128. a—Fuchs. 730-F. B. iii. 753-—Lon. i. 221.1, and 2-Trag. 530. 2~Dod. 47 0-Lob. obs. 472,15 i. i. 811, T>Ger. em. 1144. 3—Park. 1050, 4-H. ox. xiv. 5. 22-Ger. 983-Matth. 1041.
Stem bare for near half ‘its length. Fructifications in 2 ot 3 TOws, on each side the rib of the leaf. Bort. The foliage at first sight has something of a Trefoil appearance. Dr. Smith very ly observes, that the Ferns can only be determined in their early state before the bursting of the membrane which covers the capsules, for in an advanced state the back of the leaf is ey a a confused mass of capsules, with hardly a vestige de etal He thinks this species may be best
of the Caused by membrane eon bursting towards an ad.
754 CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Aspleniuni.
* og vein or nerve, never towards the edge of the leaf, unless when a vein is found on that — See E. bot. p. 150,
ite Maidenbair. Wall Rue. Tentwort, Old walls and
moist crevices of rocks. [Southwold Church, Suffolk, Long
Stratton Church, Norfolk. Mr. Strong, Mr. Woonwarp. Walls
at Shirehampton, hear Bristol ; and at Bewiley. | P. June—Oct,
‘Adian’tum A, Leaves — triply — wings alternate : leafits ni’grum. spear-shaped, cut-serrated Kuiph. 7-Fl. dan. 250-Gars, 126—Blackw. 220-Bolt. 17+ 1, and 3—Dod. 466—Ger. em, 1137—Ger. 975. 1-H, ox. xiv. 4. 16—Lod. ic. 1. 810, 2~Park. 1049.2. Seeds saffron-coloured. Linx. er the extreme serratures . acute as almost to r fringed. Mr. Woonw. Sta/ks black °P red brown ; glossy. Fr scasiaaitien 3 to 7 on each seg-
ack wt gars Oak Fern. Shady aie — ait walls. Pee Cas le.} ae Oét.
0. Rilix n non ramosa, Fe. Pl le: alm. p. 150. Rips the last but one, as corrected accordin ng to mant. p. 78, par. 4. Mountains of Mourn in the county of Down, Ireland. R. Sets
lanceola‘tum. A. Leaves doubly winged, spear-shaped : wings alternate: leafits inv ersely € egg-shaped, sharply cut and scol- loped. Huns. E. bot, 240-Bolt. 17. 2, (but less sharply cut than in the pree ceding figure.) Stalk black below, green upwards. Eeaf bright green- oe. in an advanced state, forming roundish, as well as oblong pa
E. bot. Spear-shaped Spleenrwort. On old walls and rocks about Ste Ives and other places in Cornwall. Huns. a wall in the
village of Wharf, Yorkshire. Bort. On the great rock at Tun- 2 bridge Wells, Mr. Forster. P. May—Sept+
POLYPO'DIUM. Capsules disposed in distinct circular dots on the under surface of the leaf.
Ors. The i investigation of the sp cies of this extenstve genus has always been attended with ulties and uncertainties i
Nee 2 ae
- CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium.
attly owing to the —— of a general resemblance in habit, partly to the different appearances observable in them at different ages, and partly to ddbacicas in the specific characters. Nor have authors always been scrupulously — in the applica. tion of the terms used in describing the leave
he plants should not be gathered for ecstatic until of
sufficient age to attain a full state of fructification, The terms employed in the subdivisions of the species, and in characterizing the individuals, should be precisely understood. ‘The attention should be more particularly directed to the lower parts of the leaves, wings, &c. for there it is that the characters are most constant, and most observable, the extreme parts generally run~ ning together so as to baflle every attempt at description.
The following tabular view of the different British species is offered as a means of facilitating their investigation ; the student, therefore, is advised first to compare the plant in question with hese characters, and then to look forward for the characters and descriptions given more at large.
(1) Leaves wing-cleft.
‘P. vulga’re. Lobes oblong, somewhat serrated, blunt.
(2) Leaves winged. P, tnad tis. Wings crescent-shaped ; Seely and sharply rated : stems with chaff-like scales r Tver! se. Wings opposite, cng at, bhint, hairy un- _ derneath, very entire at the bas
P. arvo’nicum. Wings pear-shaped wing-cleft, hairy underneath : stems
P, Phegop’teris. Wings eeu wing-cleft, — at the base; hairy underneath.
P, Oreop’teris. Wi trap-spear-shaped, wing-cleft :
he bluntish : vsahuntets oe capsules at the edges.
(3) Leaves winged ; wings deeply wing-cleft.
P. F. mas. Wings strap- Yip aoa ; lobes blunt, finely” cha
et: stem P, Thelyp’teris. Wings spear-thapet: acute ; lobes very entire
P, denta’tum. Wings egg-spear-shaped, opposite ; lobes egg-shaped, vent sparingly cut at the sides, finely toothed at the :
D
~
re.
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium.
P. fonta’num. Wings egg-spear-shaped, alternate; lobes deeply scolloped.
(4) Leaves doubly winged. P. aculea’tum. Primary wings crescent-shaped : acute : Jeafits serrated with prickles : stem chaffy
P. - gti sum. Primary wings spear-shaped: le afits strap~ ito ae wing-cleft, and serrated with fine prickles
P. fe’mina, Primary wings strap-spear-shaped : leafits slender, acute, wing-cleft, or serrated : stems smooth upwards,
P. crista’tum. The lowermost secondary wines much longer than those nearest opposed to then
P. fragile. Primary wings ‘spear-shaped ; ‘ais wedge, egg, or strap-shaped : Sere nts bluntly or sharply
obed ; stem very slend
P. triffidum. Primary wings iscadiaie blunt, leafits of the lower wings mostly 3-cleft: stem bordered.
P, rhe’ticum. Primary wings spear-shaped ; leafits egg- spear-shaped, sharply serrated ; lower pairs un- equal,
(5) Leaf triply winged. P. Dryop’teris. Leaves 3 on a stem; doubly winged.
(1) Leaves wing-cleft ; lobes united at the base. P. Lobes oblong, somewhat serrated, blunt: root scaly. Ludw. 18—Curt.—Fl. dan. 1060-Kuiph. 6—Bolt. 18-Bzll- 191—Blackew. 215-Tourn. 316-Wale.-Woodv. 27 1-Gars- 466—Fuchs, 588-Trag. 540-Dod, 464. 2—Ger. em. 1132. 2~Tourn. 316-Ger. 972-Matth. 1293—Dod. 464. 1- Lob. obs. 475. 1. it. i. 814. 2-Ger. em. 1132. 1—Park- 1039. 1-H. ox. xiv. 2. row 1. 1-Ger. 974. 1-Cam, epit. 9903—Lom, 1. 224. 1. Lobes slightly serrated at the edge. Fractifications yellowish brown, in rows, parallel to the rib of the lobes.
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium. — 737
Common Polypady. On old walls, shady places, and at the roots of trees, very common, P, June—Oct.* * Var. 2. Lobes ditty serrated. Barr. 38. Sane of Windsor Castle. R. Syu. [Worcestershire. St.] - 3. Lobes sometimes cloven at the se sometimes en. baepes. Hn appendage growing out of one Bolt. 2. 5. 6. @ portion of a et a wood near Bingley, a Mr, ALexanper. Braid hill, near ea ae Mr. Bro Var. 4. Cambricum. Lobes ib cage HI, ox. xiv. 2. 8—Pluk. 30. 1-Bolt. 2. 5. (a) a portion of the leaf.
In this state it never produces fructifications. The same is Liew of the waved variety of Asplenium roe beg ICHTF.
On a rock in a wood near Dennys Powys Castle, not far from Cardiff, Glamortecsliaa R. Sya. [Near Kidderminster. }
P. June—Oct.
Var. 5. acutum. Lobes very long, distantly serrated ; taper- ing to an actte point.
Specimen sent by J. W. Griffith, Esq. [On rocks in North Wales. Crevices of wn on the South side of the King’s Park, Edinburgh. Mr. Brown. ]
(2) Leaves winged.
P. Wings crescent-shaped, the convex side downwards ; Laila ie. fringe- serrated ; stems with chaff-like scales. E. bot. 797—Fl. dan. 497-Tourn. 314-—Bolt. 19—Matth. 922 —Ger. 979—Ger. em. 1140. 3—Pluk. 89. 6-H. ox. xiv. 2 row 3. 1-Cam, epit. 664—Park. 1042, 1-F. B, iii. 744- Lon. iis 34. 1. aves in circles round the crown of dis root, which is rough with the remains of decayed stalks, keeled, from the wings being bent upwards on each side the leatstalls, Leafits so closely placed as to be tiled, the lower edge covering the upper edge of the next, beneath, serratures frequentl een irregularly termi-
pe is sweetish : by long boiling it becomes bitter. When fresh it is entle purgative. An sore of 6 drams of it in half a pint of boiling fast may be taken at
58 . CRYREOGAIM Es FILICES. Polypodium.
dots, j ey in two parallel lines on each leafit, hr Woop. warp, Plant from 4 to 14 inches long, and from | to 2 inches broad ; generally curved. Leafits, the large ans ending in semi-transparent thorns
Royal Polypody. Cloak Spleenawort. Spleenwort Polypody. Clefts of rocks. On the highest smooth of Caernarvonshire ; on Glydar near Llanberris. [On all the mountains of Breadal- bane and Glen lochai, sometimes 2 feet high or more, but quite distinct from the Polyp. aculeatum. Mr, Brown,
P. May—Sept.
Ilven’se. P. ~~ Re guise — blunt ; hairy underneath; very tire at the base
Di b. s,—Bolt. 42-H. ox. xiv. 3. 23—Pluk. 179. 4 x more than a finger’s length. Stem greenish, not blackish siete Linn. Leafits 6 or 7 on each side the stem 5 e lower ones opposite, the upper alternate; thick and opaque $ ence cloven into 5 or 2 be wen somuted. a t the sg. Acrostichum ilvense. L inum. Bor
Acr Lawers, Mr. Dickson. Near. the top of “G eae y Garnedd.. P. July—Septe
arvo’nieum. P, Leafits a Benes wing-cleft ; hairy underneath : hairy.
eae 0: SFE dar. 391. (Mr, Bolton beliewes his tab. Qe ta be the same plant.) m3 to 5 inches high. Leafrs7 to 15 pairs, cloven © each sided into 5 or 6 segments ; spear-shaped, hairy baie Bott. Itisa pont rare plant, even on Snowdon, Mr. Llwyd, in Ray Syn. p. 119. Ona moist black rock almost at the top of Clogwyn y Garnedd, facing the uch eg ed directly above the lower lake. Dr. RicHarpson, 24, Acrast. ilvense. Huds, a nd Bolt, P. July—Sept- his seems sufficiently distinct from the P. /vense frond on the Scottish Alps by Mr. Dickson. Mr. Griffith thinks that Bolt. t. 9, is only a very small and stiff plant of Polyp. fragile aga ai in a high and exposed situation ; and that it-is not the plant found by Mr, Lloyd in Ray’s Sya
Phego'pteris, P. Lowermost leafits bent back, each united at the base by a4-cornered little appendage Bolt. 20*—H. ox. XIV, 4.17, fe 35 the ee appends
ape age not expressed,
~\* The lowermost pair of leafits touch fic ~ above, and their bend- ing See to back not expressed.. Mr. Woo
ent as all the rest, and fenaats 1z inch fr rom bove it; in a vigorous plant bent almost Back to back; in consequence of hich, when med 0 » they form an acut
ri
angle with the stalk, Sod wighe'len lead ds who had not seen the plant growing, to suppose they grew in the same plane with the rest. Lobes semi-elliptical. Woopwarp. Whole p/ant hairy.
Wood Polypody. Clefts of rocks in moist and shady places and woods, in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Devonshire, and the Lowlands of Scotland. [Barrowfield Wood near Kendal, by the fall of Lodore near Derwent Water, and in aye Sonds i in the North, Mr. Woopwarp. } P, June—Oct.
P, Leafits _strap-spear-shaped ; segments very entire, Oreop’teris. bluntis
: clusters of capsules : at the edges. Fil, dan. 1121—Bolt..2 Stem smooth, with 2 furrows; 10 to iy ick high or more. Wings, the upper and lower ones alternate; segments sei speat-shaped, ots either entire, or finely serrated. ‘The 2 o 3 lower pair of Pie good shorter, and the lowest pal often pointin wp Dickson observes, that the fructifications are arp th at = aoe of the lobes, both in the ten ait in om more advanced state, and that they never be- come co Poly po ivan montanum. V ogler. fs Sas ee Huds. Light Bolt. Heath Polypody. Woods at ard, Mr. Tre DALE, who observes that the leaves ve a pote ragrecabl e Kad patois woods uear Darlington, never on cade hills in that neigh- uthood, Mr. Rosson. aw d Foot’s W 2, near
somewhat marshy ground, never on dry hills, as rhe Dickson
alledges, Mr. Brown. ] P. July—Oct,
(3) Leaves winged ; wings deeply wing-cleft.
iF sears almost. doubly winged: leafits strap-spear- Fi/lix-mas,
shaped: lobes blunt, finely serrated : stem and mid- ribs chaffy.
Dicks. b. s.-Kniph. 6-Woodv. 49-Bully 183-Tourn. 310 ta 312-Bolt. 24—Ger. 969. 1~Fuchs. 595~F. B. iii. 738- Dod. 462. 1—Blackw, 323~Gars. 271-H. ox. xiv. 3. 6+ Matth. 1290-Cam. epit. 991—Park. 1036—Lob, obs. 4735 L, repr. im ice 1. $12, 1, and Ger, ems 112386
760 CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium: From 13 to 4 feet Wels Lobes of the pings sphe ee
the ends rounded, uctifications from 3 to placed in 2 rows near to its base and distant fea its cdpess none at the e
Male Sones, Male ie: Woods, heaths, stony places. : | Py June
Thelyp'teris, P, Leafits wing-cleft ; lobes very entire, the under surface entirely a by clusters of capsules. Hedw. theor. 6—Schmid. 11. 1. 2-Bolt. 43~Fl., dan..760- Mapp.7. a, at p. 106-F. B. iii, 739. 1-Ger, 981. 3- Ger. em. 1135. 1—Park. 1041. 16: Its habit that of P. Filix-mas. Stems aoe Old jane
seed much contracted, and narrower than before the capsules are fully formed, but this circumstance is very general through the whole tribe.
Marsh Polypody. li ae Bolton. In bogs. [St. Faith’s Newton Bogs Norwich. Mr. Prrcarorp- Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Sry bie vetoes In‘a moist dell at the foot of Snowdon near Llanberris. Mr. Arcin.] -P. July —Oct.
where Hudson mentions finding it in moist clefts of rocks.
denta’tum, P, Leafits Sppcne wing-cleft ; lobes sparingly cut at the sides, finely toothed at the ends: stem very slender.
Dicks. h. s.—Dicks. fase. ii. 7. 1.
early resembles the P olyp. fragile in size and in habit. Root ak fibrous, bundled, a little woolly. Szems cy slen-
* The Siberians boil it in their ale, ngs are fond of the flavour whic ch
it imparts to it. The powder of the root is Madame Noutffer’s celebrated el the tape-worm. She sds the patient a liquid lubri-
cating supper, and, if costive, a common clyster, Early next morning
or 3 drams of the r are exhibited mixed with water : thrown up it rier The pee must fast two hours, 4M take a drastic purge. Dr.Simmon’s Account + f - Tania, 1 have
Frequently ~ it, and celal without the desired eite
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium.
- Such is the account given by Mr. Dickson.of this new spe- cies of Polypodium, which he first discovered in clefts of rocks in the Highlands of Scotland; but though this description and a specific charactss mention it being doubly winged, neither his
wn figure, nor the specimens sent out in his Fasciculiof dried plants sitboHiée us to say that they are so. ‘They are only
if any proper, mid-rib. The Polyp. dentatum of Forsk. in Gme.in’s Syst. Nat. isa different plant.
P. Leafits alternate, triangular, blunt, raed ip lobes sharply toothe -d at the end: stem v Lob, adv, 361. 2, and ic. i. 810. 1—Bolt. vethee 432, 1— Pink. 89. 2, taal Ger. 980. 2.
no valve: or rsdbck! Linn. ~ Plant 3 or 4 inches high, Szam. pale green, thread-like. Leafirs alternate. Bout.
Old walls and rocks. Rocky places near Wybourne, West- moreland. — Also in Lota ea Sa Bout. P. June—Sept.
(4) Leaves doubly winged.
fonta’num,
P, Primary mine crescent-shaped : leafits rhomboidal, with aculea’tum. chaff
prickle-like teeth: stem
Mill. ill.—Bolt. 26. 1 and 3-H, ox. xiv. 3. 15. f. 1-Pluk. 179. 6, @ young plant only winged.—Pluk, 180. 1, fully grown. Pluk. 180. 3, in its middle state of growth.
es da yar Leafits —.: cays ith a proje ting angle on the up near to the mid-rib. The leafits immediately adjoining to the primary mid.tib are
very unequal in size, the uppermost being the Js and having n a youn gs state
g-2 Prickly Polypesty: Woods and shady places. [In a ditch in a meadow at Valley near Bromsgrove. Miss pore a ditch near Elmdon sotae; Warwickshire. Jan. ] P. June—Oct.
Var. 2. Leaves sprinkled with a moss-like down. Piux.
wing-cleft, and serrated with sharp-pointe
P. Primary yes spear-shaped : leafits strap-eg eee spinalo ‘sum,
Fi. dan. 707.
This has been taken for the Polypod, cristatam, but itis very Midtiene from that ; of a more delicate and transparent texture,
e Filix-fe’- mina,
-
erista’tum.
sie fra’cile.
_ CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium,
the leaf-stalk but little, if at all scaly, the opposite leafits on the
wings not unequal in size, and the mid-rib of the Jeafits serpen«
tine. It agrees with it in the disposition of the fructifications,
and in the serratures ending in short awns. [ Bogs on Birmingham Heath. Holloways in Devonshire. ]
Po J uly—~ 2
P. Leafits strap-spear-shaped, wing-cleft, acute: stems smooth upwards. . ‘
Pluk. 180, AH, OXs xiv. se 8=Bo/t. 25—Munt, 288. 84-F- B. iti. 738.
with it, pointing upwards and downwards. ‘The breadth of the leafits varies considerably in different plants, but when they are narrow and the wings distant, the whole has a remarkably light and elegant appearance. # Female Polypody. Moist and shady marshy places. Moist rocky woods ; about rivulets, and on heaths. pLewesdon Hill. Mr. Baxer. ] P. June—Sept. |
P, Leafits deeply wing-cleft; segments oblong, blunt, ser- rated, fringed: clusters of capsules in a double row.
Fructifications on the upper, but not on the lower leafits. Lins But with us on all the leafits when the plant is come to maturity:
_ Crested Polypody. Moist woods and shady places in a gravelly soil. In chinks of moist rocks, and old walls; and in marshy places at the root of decaying oaks, [On Ben Bourde, a moun- tain 7 miles N, W.. from Invercauld, Aberdeenshire. Mr. Brown. ] P. June—Se
P, Primary wings spear-shaped; leafits with a few irregu- : d ar. teeth towards the end: stem very slender an¢ brittle,
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium,
“I [>a
aoe te wings long spear-shaped, acute, distant; .
leat Scent pointed. Bolt, 46—Fl. dan. 401-Pluk. 180.5. rom 4 to 7 inches high. Stem red, bare for about 2 inches at the base ; smooth, slender, brittle. Leafs more than twice as long as they are broad. In habit approaches nearly to the P. theticum, but it is not distinctly doubly winged like that plant, nor are the lobes of the leafits regularly serrated at the edges, as
at. Brittle Polypody. . Dry stony places, Manrssiees in Wales. Walls N
Mr. Grirriru about Buxton. ENsON. Near Hyde, Glocestershire. Mr. Baxer. Road po "unt pelt: to Worms ash near Bromsgrove. Miss Reap. ] P, June—Sept.
Var. 2. Primary wings spear-shaped, acute ; leafits cnt Bolt, 27-Barr, 432-F, B. iii. 741. 2-Seguier. 1. 1.
From 2 to 6 inches high. Svem red, bare for 3 to 1} inch from rai base ; smooth, brittle, but ee slender than in the pre- ceding. Lea fits not equal in length to twice the breadth.
Moontains ir in North Wales, Yorkshire and the other Nor- pens counties. [Near Snowdon on the rocks of Clogwyn da yr Arddi. Mr, Grirriru.]
eis 3. Primary peek spear-shaped, blunt. |
About 3 or4 inches high. Stem red, bare for $ to 1 inch from the base ; smooth, brittle, slender
This has a ears rescnstia to the P. dentatum, but dif- fers from that in the colour of the stem, in being doubly winged, and in he wan of fine teeth at the ends of the lobes,
fith of Garn favoured me with specimens of all these 3 vaticties ‘gihered from the same root, and I have seen a single specimen uniting the characters of ches 2 former.
P. Primary wings spear-shaped, blunt; leafits of the lower pair of wings mostly 3- cleft: stem bordered,
E. bot. 163. eor 4 inches high. Stem brown. green, slender, bare for 1 a or more at the base; edged with a narrow border on
each side. — —_ oe St leafits som the middle segments sometim
seems attached to the foliage f in one point ag and readily sepa- Tates from it. Not having yet adopted the new genus Cyathea, we lament that we could not use the trivial name given to this
tri‘fidum,
we
rhe’ticum,
Dryo’pteris.
GRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Polypodium. plant by Dr. Smith in E. bot. because thereis already a Polypod.
mncisum in Gmel, syst. veg.
Cyathea incisa. E. sel mete i it is mentioned as having been found by Mr..T. F. Forster, jun. on a wall near Walthamstow, and that he thought it Seatinict from the P. fragile. Mr. Griffith found it on Cwm Idwel.
P. Primary wings spear-shaped, distant; leafits deeply lobed; lobes pretty regularly toothed at the edges,
Dicks. b. $.—Bolt. 45 and 2, 6=H. ox. xiv. 4. 8. ;
Seven or 8 inches high, - Stem red, smooth, slender, convex
a from e regular serratures on the sides of the lobes the aie a good distinction, the lobes in the P. slg Sc being as serrated to- wards the en
moreland. ‘Topo = ee on the side which hes over le wan e€; and near Earner felon. [On walls
i of s ails toes Bas hy P. June = Septe
(5) Plant triply winged. P, Stem supporting 3-winged or doubly winged leaves.
E. bot. 616.—Kniph. 12—Bolt. 28—Trag. 538-F. B. iii. 741-
1—Lon, 1. 224, 2—Ger. 974. 2-Clus. ii, 212. 1—Ger. ems
1135, 3~Park. 1044, middlemost figure~H. ox. xiv. 4. 19.
Fructifications near the rib of the 2dary pee Bott. Plant
sh i ¥ d of
from 5 to 8 inches high. The 3 Jeaves placed near the en the stem, one ts ae and one on each side. T he Rev. Mr. ER observes that, ‘at the point where the lower paif -
nds on the upper side of the stem and two on the lower. These glands sxdetid the angles formed by the sate wings, but decrease s 0 gree nee.’ tony — in Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmor reland, and Scodlands st the socks at the fall of Lodore on the side of Derwent. ee Gon rland. Barrowfield Wood neat Kendal, and other roc ocky —— in the North. Mr. WoopwA woods North-east of the road up Frocester-hill, Glocestersh. Mr. Baxer, Needwood Forest, Mr. Bacor, In abundance neat
2
nl 2 nd
CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Adiantum.
.the seat of the Rev. Tuo. Guiszorne at Yoxall, Stafford. shire. ] P.
une—Sept. Var. 2. ate larger. The largest lobes lobed or divided f way down to the —— Stalk taller, firmer, —_ opaque. Bort. Bolt. 1, 1.
In White-scars near Ingleton, Yorkshire, and in the Peak of |
Derbyshire. Bour.
ADIAN’TUM. Capsules forming oval spots, under the ends of the leaves, which are folded
ack.
A. Leaves doubly. compound: vee gaia leafits wedge-shaped; lobed, on leaf-st
Dicks. bs s.—Facq. mise. ii. 7-Bull, wee 20-Torrn. 317.
2-Ger. 982. 2-Tourn. 317. 2~Cam. epit. 924—Park. 1049, 1-Matth. 1201.-F. B. iti. 752-Lob. adv. 361. ly ic. i, 809. 2-Gars, 125. A.—Ger. 982. 1-Fuchss 82- Trag. 531=Dod. 469. 2~Ger. em. 1143.1.
About 5 or 6 inches high. Leafts fan-shaped, with 4 or 5 nicks at the end. Bor. of a very delicate semi- -transparent green, which it retains in a dry state.
ue Maidenbair.. Rocks and moist walls. Barry Island
and Port wing, Glamorganshire. —Isle of Arran, near Galloway. P. May—Sept.
TRICHO'MANES. Fructifications on the edge of the leaf, solitary, urn-shaped, ‘ending in a thread-shaped style.
Tr. Leayes almost doubly winged: wings alternate,
crowded, lobed, strap-shape ed. Pet. pter. 13.153.
us also refers to Ray Syn. t. 3. f. S$ and 4, but if the opinion es well founded, as I believe i itis, 9 the real Tr. pyxi- m is not a native of this island, those figures only repre-
sent a var, of the Tr. Tunbridgense. Tr. Leaves winged; wings oblong, forked, decurrent, toothed. Fi, dan, 954-E, bot. 162-Plu?, ae §~Balt. 24 (~H, Ok, XVe
Capil’lus~ Ven’eris.
pyxidif’” - erum,
Tunbrid- gense,
-CRYPTOGAMIA. FILICES. Trichomanes.
H. Tunbridge. Goldilocks. . Hymenophyllum Tunbridgease. E. ! and stony places. Near T cee’ n
Cymberland, Yorkshire, Wales, and Scotland. [High moun- tains at the Head of Winandermere, Westmoreland. Dr. SmiTH. ~On rocks in a shady dell, very near to Llanberris. Mr. Arkin. | P, May—Oct Var. 2. Fructifications cn naked fruit-stalks. Bolt. 5A
& . < a o wn ° w~ = o oe, rs : 3 5 od oO w ro =] Es LY
In the foreign specimens which I have seen of the true 1% py xidiferum the substance of the leaf is strong and opake, not 4 all like the silky transparency of our plants, and the tructiications are large, urn-shaped, sessile, and brown orange. ia
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Sphagnum. — Trichomanes pyxidiferum. Huds. and Bolt. but not of Linn. Cup Goldilocks. On dripping-rocks. At cheats half a mile from Bingley, at the heat. of aremarkable spring
Sy7.—in a little dark cavern undera Gripping rock, a little below the spring of Elm Cragg Well. Bott P,
MUSCI.
SPHAG’NUM. Male flower; club-shaped: av- thers flat: caps. on the same plant, sitting; mouth smooth, covered with a lid, without any entire veil.
S. Branches bent downwards.
Hedw. Theor. 12, 42 1045, and 13.46, 475 Dist. ig 1. 1, 20. iin 3. OV aill. 23. 3-Dill. 32. 1-Fl; dan 474~Schmid.
58. 5—Pluk. 101. 1-—Scheuch, it. i. 5,4, at.p. 88+Lob. ic.
11. 24.2, 2 Dod.47 2. 1-Gers em. 1559. 1—Park. 1306.2. 1.
The Capsules burst with a crackling noise. Lryx. Stems growing many together, from 3 to 12 inches high, upright, sometimes divided. Branches at short distances, 2, -3 or 4 from the same part, are Ranging down from abundance of
anches. Cap
short fruitstalks. Dri. ieee scaly. Capsal es nearly a bular, when open urn-s » generally several together at the topof the stem. Lid convex, pointed, deciduous,
Grey Bégmoss. Common peat Bogs. P. July. Aug.
Var. 2. The whole habit more slender; more branched ; ¢apsules smaller
Schmid. 58. 6-Dill. 32. 2-Hedw. ee is 8h 3-Mapp. at p.
200.
Var. 3. Whole plant of a beautiful ao colour.
On Bogs in the New Forest, Hants.
In rye = ag leafits ate concave, 0 oblon ng, blunt; in 2 flat, awl-shaped, sharp. Are they not distinct species, the first grow- ing in running, ae latter in stagnant water? WriLLpENow,
S. Somewhat branched; upright. Dilf, 32..3-
Schreber conjectures it to be a Bryuw. Linx. Of a beau- tifal Ot Capsules egg-shaped. sa strap-spear-shaped, pointing 3 ways. Necx. In a dense compact tuft, about a finger’s length, sometimes dividing in the middle into 2 or 3
667
palus‘trey
alpi‘num.
arbo’reum.
acau’lon.
* mu’ticum,
not secreting soy cohen, Sy it is very generally over-looked.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Phascam.
hes. Leaves a splendid intense green, long, narrow poiitted, straight, stiff. Capsules on short fruit-stalks, colour of *~
never intl it there in fructification. “Mr. GaruirFitu. | Seo Bryum flexuosum, var. 3.
»
S. Branched, creeping: capsules lateral, pointing one way. See Fontinalis secunda.
PHAS’CUM. Capsule ege-shaped, furnished with a veil, but without a lid or only an rg one witah does not fall off.
(1) Capsule sitting. Pu. Stemless: leaves saz oped, pointed, approach- ing.
| Scbreb. phasc. 1. T and-2-Guen, 276-Dill. 32. 11-Fl, dan. 249. 3—Happ. ii. Phase. 1, a-Neck. meth. le 1, at po Ri sa a magnified. phen i. Seite 14.
Phascum cus ae tum. in. Cokrnin Earth-moss. Heaths, and ditch pan Sy esencen walks, especially in a sandy § soil mn account © its minuteness and the leaves
A. March.
Pu. Bethe: leaves egg-shaped, concave, converging, not ending in hairs.
Schreb. phasc. 1. 11 and 12—Dill. 32. 12-Vaill. 27. 2.
Whole plant smaller than the preceding, capsules rounder and more shining, red yellow ; leaves pa alg ph ending in a grey
ir. Capsules ripe a month sooner.
Phaicum acaulon B Linn, Garden walks, hedges, ditch
banks, A. Jan. Feb.
subula’tum, Pa, Stem short: leaves ea el oS upper ones bas
bristle-shaped, hut broad at the
ESN PE ae a Pa ae a
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI,. Phascum.
Hedw. stirp. 1. 35-Schmid. 58. 1-Curt. 275—Fl. dan. 249. 2—Happ. ii. Phascum. 1. 6~Dill. 32. 10—Vaill, 20, 4. Capsules snunees ‘ the summer, reddish and yellowish, in autumn ripening, t brown, and opening. R. Syz. So minute as hardly to bie ¥ visi le if it did not grow in patches ; from 2 to 3 lines high. Wets. Shoots not branched. Veil Roe
Ina rich soil sometimes half an inch high, and with 2 or 3 m
leaves. Lidnone. Hepw. Only 3 or 4 lines high, es growing in patches is readily found, and the capsules not larger than a seed of tobacco, are very v visible on account of the slants of the ae Dit. They frequently fall off without opening. wl.leave a -moss. Heaths in a sandy soil; ditch “Sa not uncomm A. March— —Aug.
Pu, Shoots creeping: esis lateral. | Dill, 85. 16.
Stems creeping, eriheding to the bark of trees. Branches short, cylindrical, mostl irs. Leaves short, concave, broad at the base, spit-pobsised eri the shoot on every side. Capsules extremely small ; in the bosom of the leaves. Dit.
unks of trees in Yorkshire. Dri. P, May.
Pu, Shoots thread-like, jointed, branched: Pay of the involucrum spear-shaped, serrated. Dic
Dicks. 1. 1=Schreb. p. 8. te 2-E. bot. ne 0. Extremely ee at firs —_ resembling a thread-like Byssus, pei toni cely be obvi s to the naked eye if it did not grow in patches. oN seems a lin ak which connects the Musci and the Algz, partaking of the Phascum and the Conferva. It consists of numerous green filaments, ba a ace ae ap- d, j rva, th interstices ee, the AEX a date ate sane dieer.
separates. The “qnvolébraml consists of 3 or 4 spear-s ater leaves, pointed and serrated. Schreber and Weber seem not to a ae aware that the jointed sine belong to the plant.
On the north side of Muswell Hill, near Highgate. Dicks. April. Pa. Shoots thread-like, sonnet, branched : _ of the Dic
involucrum spear-s vo toothed, Vou. III,
re’pens,
serra’tum,
stolonif‘erum
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Phascum.
D; chs. i 2:
It has the habit of the Ph. serratum, but is rather larger, the shoots longer; the space betwixt the joints longer, and the leafits bluntly toothed and reticulated. Dicks.
Discovered by Mr. E. Forster, junior, growing on clay near Walthamstow.
alternifo'lium Pu. Fertile stems short: barren stems taller, upright: ted D
eaves alternate awl-shaped. Dicks. Dicks. & Pr
SHoots undivided, 1-Sth of an igh. Leaves awl-bristle-
_ shaped, as long again as the capsule. Capsule, one at the end of
eurvicol lum,
piiferum,
ni’tidum,
each shoot, single, sitting, buried in the leaves, inversely egg- shaped, pale yellow. Dicks,
ternate-leaved ‘Earth-moss. Bogs. [Gamlingay Bogs, Cambridgeshire. Mr. Grirriru. | April.
(2) Capsule on a fruit-stalk,
Paz. Stemless : fruit-stalks crooked : leaves spear-shaped, taper-pointed, expanding.
Dick. 1. 3—Hedaw. stirp.i. 11.
Pa. With a stem: leaves oblong, upright, hair-pointed. Schreb. phasc. 1. 6 to 10. Stem upright, unbranched. Leaves spear-shaped, ending it long hairs, ‘tiled upwards, upright but copending ” Fruit-stalk extremely short. WuLren.
Pu. With a stem: capsules not taller than the Jeaves+ leaves awl-shaped, keeled, somewhat. bundled.
Hedw, stirp. is 34-Dicks. Le Se
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Fontinalis. a7
Exceedingly small ; about 1-8th of an inch Nigh, upright, sometimes sending out one or two branches at the ba aves
leaves, but mostly terminating, solitary, or in pairs, naked or
distinct, though the: leaves extend beyond them ; "chen ripe
rownis ICKS.
_Stining Earth-moss.. P. axillare. Dicks. i, 2. Bogs on ept.
Py, Stemless : fruit-stalk thrice the length of the leaves: rec ‘tum, leaves spear-shaped, mid-ribbed, fine pointed.
Piate XVIII. f 1.
Fruit-stalk and capsule a rich chesnut red. cho gn straight, sometimes two from the same root. Leaves 5 0 Whole plant the twentieth of an inch in height. Capate not wrinkled.
Specimens from J. W. Grirrrrn, Esq. who found it amongst aaah in the front of Garn House, very near the road leading to
enlla
FONTINATLIS. Capsule nearly sitting, furnished ee a om and surrounded by a tiled invo-
Mats, ner axillary ; on the same plant.
s. Differing from Hypxom in ee ba tthe Capsule not being nappoecel on a fruit-stalk, Wer
F, Capsules lateral: leaves acute, keeled, doubled toge- antipyre'tica. er, disposed in 3 rows . Dill, 33. 1-E. bot. 359-Vaill. 33. 5-H. ox. xv. 6. 32- Kniph. 12-Buxb. iii. 69. 2-Mich, 59. 9-Schmid. 58. 4- Hedw. hist. i. 56 a ii. 9. Ss 5 54, 55; and 1s 5s Shoots a foot long or more, branched. ‘The primary shoo sends out lateral and naceedend ones, and these branch out again. Neck. Floa in the water. Leaves two or three lines lon » and half 2 as eae very entire at the edge. Capsules lateral, in the bosom of the Jeaves, on very short fruit-stalks, in- closed in a leafy scaly involucram. Veil conical. Ly onical, gust starting with a spring from the ripe capsule, Fringe sur- rounding a centra) point, wi ae Ditie
772 CRYPTOGAMIA,. MEL: Fontinalis.
ater Water-mass. Upon rocks and roots of trees, i ak rivulets, slow He. and ae P, June —Sept,*
mrnor fF, eens terminating : leaves egg-shaped, as con- : pointing three ways; always in p
Dill. 33. 2~E. bot. 557.
Leaves doubled pupetct and keeled, on the thicker branches in pairs. Linn. 4 inches long, i in rapid streams half a
and blunter than in the F. sheaths ILL. Lesser Water-moss. Banks e Thames on the walls of Lambeth Palace, and on the wd of the Isis at Oxford, Dutt. . Aug—Oct.
squamo’sa. F, Capsules lateral : leaves tiled ; awl-spear-shaped. Dicks. be s.-Hedwig. stirp. tiie 12-Dill, 33. 3-F. B. ili. 718.3
Leaves sometimes spear-shaped, pointed. Very nearly allied to F, antipyretica. Hume. Capsules e g-sha ed, sitting. ECK»
more branched ; £ to 6 inches long. Leaves long " spear-shape ’ pany embracing the stem, so slender as to appear awl-shaped to the naked eye. Hepwic. Shoot 4 to 12 ening long, branched, floating in the direction of the stream, slender, black, bare neat
the root. Leaves‘dark green, smooth, shining, black when dry- Branches 3-sided. Capsules on the. side of the branches steers The
egg-thaped, 1 immersed in a involucrum. Diu. e stems seeing their leaves resemble horse-hairs matted ae Mr. Srackuouse. e capsules are usually produced
on the shoets of the apicading year, or on ae still older branch- es; never on the young shoots. Mr. Grir
Scaly Water-moss, Mountain civaleta.4 in ; Wak the north of England and Scotland, {In the rivulet by the old eg neat Llanberris. Mr. Grirrira, - Rivulets near. Penzance. Mr- STackHovsE. | P, June—Oct.
penna’ta, F, Capsules lateral: leaves pointing 2 ways ; expanding: Hedwig. stirp. iii. 19-Vaill. 27. 4-Hall. enum. 3,2, at P 109, bist. 46. 2, at iii. p. 56-Dill. 32. Q-—Schmid. 58. 2
* The Scania line the inside of their chimnies with this to end them against the fire, for, contiary to the nature of all other moss this is hardly capable at burning.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Fontinalis.
Leaves with wavy wrinkles. re cis ‘sitting ; syed cylin.
drical. Necx. Shoots creeping and forming compact patches.
com ranches one more osely compacted, about a line in length, and one fourth of a line in breadth. Cap- tary or in efly e nches, one
sules solitary pairs, chiefly o e line long and half as broad, smooth, green, changing to reddish, auth without a ring, a with a white ae Lid pointed. ha
eckera pennata. Hed sie: Hypn. pennatum. Gmel. sit g. Feathered Wiabetdevie Trunks of trees in the woods mnie Troutbeck and Ambleside, Westmoreland. P. Aug.—Oct.
F, Capsules axillary : sot strap-bristle-shaped, hii capilla’cea.
ay ; those of the receptacle very long, c > awl- ape Dicks. u. 1. Dill, 33. 5. Shoots 5 to7 _—_ long. Branches somtimes divided. Jz. wolucrum long, from the bosom of the leaves, chiefly where Riesaches arise ; 66 of these come forth, Capsules green, small, ed.
egg-shap Hair-like Ware Mountain rivulets in Scotland.
F. ical, lateral : leaves sagas nv one way, el- alpi’na.
untish, those of the involucrum spear- shape pied ‘Dicks. ii. 2. Dicks. iis 4.1. Leaves short, twisted when dry, somewhat curled. Canale oS pone “ involucrum, ‘thrice as large as the leaves,
1 imple, its fibres twisted. Mr nN. Fruit- stalk neiily as P eaa as the capsule. Foliage black when dried. ater-mos sand stones in the alpine rivulets
River Clwyde not 10 yards above high water mark, in plenty : so that it is not exclusively alpine. Mr. Grirrirn. On la
stones on the side of Loch Tay which are occasionally under water. Mr. Brown. Aug.
F, Branched, creping capsules late, pointing one secun‘da, ated.
way : lea es egg-shaped, taper-po1 Hedw. Stirp. Ss 15-Dill, 32. eae O7 « 17.
folio’sa.
sphz'ricum,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Buxbaumia.
Deep gr reen. Branches sometimes subdivided. Leaves noes numerous, triangular, concave. Capsules oblong, on very shor
fruit-stalks, on eysy part of the stem, pointing one way, Pre: enclosed by an involucr. of narrow leafits, ending in bai very numerous. Lid Hed Fs brown. Ditt. ighy
stiff, 9 not upright, more or less branched at the ne Neckera heteromalla. Hedw. Hypn. heteromallum. Gmel.
syste ss Sthagnum arboreum. Huds. n trees, in orchards.
On apple trees in Coenralh Mr. Stackuouse, P, Dec,—Feb,
BUXBAUMIA. Capsule on a fruit-stalk : outer Tonge with 16 teeth ; zner gcse os ie plait Male, bud circular. , B.Stemless: capsules nearly sitting, surrounded with leaves. Dicks, b. s.-Schmidel. buxb. 2, lower part of the plate, cone Riots of the figures distinguished by Roman numerals. all. enum. 3. 3, at p. 109; bist. 40. 3, at iii. p. 50- Dill. 32. 13-Fl. dan. 249. 1~Happ. ii, Phascum 1, tho - central plant-Hall, it. helv. 2. 3, in opusc. at p. 308. Leaves of the involucrum awned. Wittpenow. Leaves, the lowermost open, oblong, the ia ha Pt spear.shaped, taper-pointed. Cate sitting. Hups 7
hascum montanum. Huds. Phatcww maximum. Lightf. On
253, and on Hartfell mountain near Moffat. Suerrteup iz Huds. -
(ce Cennog Rocks, ae about Craig du, by the road side near anberris, Mr. GrirFitH. | ih Sept, Oct. Ditt.--May—Auvg. Huns.
SPLACH’NUM. Capsule cylindrical, veil and re- ceptacle very large; fringe with 8 teeth. Male, bud on a different Plant; circular ter- minating. :
SPL. Receptacle iseane leaves spoon-shaped but taper- ing to a slender point. said stirp. ii, 1E+E. bot. 785,
Fruit-stalk very long, greenish and reddish pita Capsule very small. Lid blunt. Receptacle green. Linx. THE son. S/o wprights hardly one inch high, seldom baaiitheds Leaves dis- tant, alternate, spoon-shaped but tapering to a point. Fruit-stalk very long, (3 or 4 inches,) upright, terminating, tawny at bot-
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCTI. Splachnum, 775
tom, green above. Receptacle large, globular, green, Loess ule cylindrical blunt. Lid blunt. Fringe 8 pair of teeth, yellowish, ruit-stalks sometimes 4 or 5 inches hi h. Rare near Stirling. Dr. Bucnanan iz Dicks. p. 3 [Growing on cow-dung near the old castle Llanbeesé also about Llyn Aled, Denbighshire. Mr, Grirritu. }
SPL. Rese nearly globular : leaves battledore-shaped, vasculo/sum. ‘ |
Hedw. stirp. ti. 15. Like §. ampullaceum, but in that species the ieee is more top-shaped and yellower ; in ap nearly globular and blood- coloured. . Leaves x -sha d, pointed. Linn. Barren stems 2 in cies, fertile ones one inch long, upright, unbranched. Leaves
ae. loo red. Capsule cylindrical, upright, Beowmiah yellows F ringe imple, d of 8 in pai
- Hep Phascum pedunculatum. Huns. ed. i. “aids ted by Linnzus. f rocks on the tops
ish of Kirkmichael. Dr. Burcess. On mountainous moist eaths in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Wales, A. June—Oct. Hups.—P. Hepwie,.
Spt. Receptacle cruet-shaped: leaves arrow-spear-shaped, sagittifo lium woceentes >
Prare XVIII. f. 2.
Leaves bordered, arrow-shaped but slender ; tdtib co- loured. Caps. with 8 single teeth. Mr. Grirritn. About 1 inch high. Szem thickly clothed with leaves, Frusz-stalks from the last year’s shoots, about $ inch long; not much taller than the shoots of the present year. Capsules nearly cylindrical. [hp his ny 4 as, discovered, i specimens communi- cate NNE who gathered it about Llyn ised; a2 on wee bog by the old’ castle near Llanberris.
Spt. Receptacle inversely = pat leaves spear- ampulla‘ceum. shaped, acute, generally serrate E. bot. 144—Hedwig. stirp. tis 14—Fl. dan. 822~Dill. 44. 3- Vaill, 26. 4—H. ox. xv. 6. 10-Buxd. ii. 1,1, Receptacle empty, transparent, an extension of the fruit- stalk. Linn. Svem single or forked, from one to two, inches high, upright, but feeble, and supported by other collateral stems. Leaves geass acutely pointed, Stamens and pistils on
776 .. CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Splachnum.
the end of the same shoot. Veil bell-shaped. Casu/e slender, — upright. Receptacle large, shaped like an inverted
Lid convex. — Fringe single, of 8 pair of teeth. aw ie Fruita Selick 1 to 3 inches long. Veil very
small, deciduou
Pur 5 Beltane Turfy bogs, but only where the dung of peb.te has fallen. Linn. Bogs and marshes, and often u cow-dung. LicutTr - Bogs about Pia Ferry near South- ampton, si sae ickham, and Addington rig Croydon. R. Spyz. Flow in May, ripens its ny aid Jo uly. P. Hepw. {Geldestone Fen en near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. fas
A. Ma tc h-——May.
angusta'tum. Spr. Boopuce egg-shaped : seule stalk very short: leaves errated upwards, hair-pointed. Hedw. a. ii. 3% Upright, not branched, based one inch high. Leaves larger towards the top of the plan eoctiggs a little toothed towards theend. Fru:t-stalk aidly rains above the leafy involucrum. Capsule cone- shaped, but t lopped, leaning a little. Mouth fringed with 8 pairs of teeth. Veil oblique. Hepwic. In moist deine situations in Scotland. Dicks. ii. 3. P,
Brewe’ri. Spx. Receptacle oblong-egg-shaped : leaves spear-shaped, | -very entire.
Hedw. stirp. tis 38.
Original ies hardly more than an inch long, but peey
out shoot upon shoot to several inches. Fruit- oie inch long, opeight" Receptacle egg-shaped, lo Copia ; cylindrical. Lid short. Ring none. Mouth Perved with 10
wi Spl. fastigiatum. Dicxs. Moist heaths near Llyn Dwythwch, ~ always on rotten cow-dung. Brewer in Dili. 345. Oct.—Jan. P.
vatum. Spx, Receptacle itivehicly egg-shaped: leaves egg-speat- shaped: stem none, )
Dill. +4 4—Ray 3.2, at p. 128. Leaves broad, shining. Fruit-stalks golden yellow. wig A different plant from the Splachnum vas seulosum Linn. which Huds. improperly referred it. Dicks. II. Rotten round, as in the pastures called Emott Moors Lancair, Also in Montgomeryshire, Ditt, On Ben Nevis. ICKS
mnioi‘des, Spy, nee sty conical ; capsule eee cylindae eaves spear-shaped, very entire, ending 17
long a point.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Splachnum. 717
Hedw. stirp. li. F1I<E, bot. 786-F/, dan. 192, Fertile shoots upright, undivided. Barren shoot generall branched. Leaves very entire, ending in along point. Fruit. stalk upright, terminating, about half an inch long. Capsule up-
sometimes set wi t.Grirrita., ‘The capsule is larger than the inversely conical receptacle, but in Sp]. Breweri the re- ceptacle is egg-s er than the cylindrical capsule
narvonshire. It frequently occurs upon the dung of foxes and badgers, which are very numerous about Snowdon. Mr. Gair- FITH. ] P
Spr, Capsules inversely conical: leaves ege-oblong, ser- ten’ue. tulated upwards, awn-pointed.
Pirate XVIII. f. 3—Dicks. 4. 2.
Sides approaching. Mr. Grirrirx. , Approaches very near to S. urceolatum, from which it differs in the’ Pabit of its leaves, its slender and almost cylindrical receptacle. Diexs. S. purpureum of Bot. Arr. ed. 3. é
n Lawers in the Highlands. [On cow-dung about Llyn Idwell. Mr. Gatrrira.] P, June, July.
Spx. Receptacle inversely conical: leaves spoon-shaped, urceola’tum, bristle-pointed. Hedwig. stirp. ii. 13.
About one inch high, simple or forked, one fruit-stalk on each branch. Leaves qooteiabigea. Fruit-stalk upright, near an inch high. Receptacle an inverted cone. Capsule egg- shaped, cylindrical when old. Lid conical, blunt. Fringe of S teeth, in pairs, orange-colouted. Hepwic,
Highlands ef Scotland. On Ben High. P.
778
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Splachnum,
freelichia’- Spi. Capsule a club-shaped termination of the fruit-stalk: u d
leaves battledore-shaped.
colour at the edges, thence attaining a membranaceous appear-
leaves. Fruitst. pale upwards, of a fine pink colour near the base. Caps. a continuation of the fruit-stalk, inversely egg- shaped. I have not observed any teeth. Mr. Grirritu. Plant about an inch high. Leaves of a beautiful green, broadest at the end; mid-rib indistinct, hardly discernible in the lower leaves. Fruitst. } inch long. Receptacle very short, and onl
POLY’TRICHUM. Capsule with a veil: outer
fringe with 32 sak | |
Male, a circular bud, on a different plant; terminating. Se
commu’ne, Por. Stem simple; proliferous: leaves strap-spear-shaped, se
\
rrulated: capsules oblong, 4-sided: veils woolly. Schmid. 5§—Dill. 54. 1-Happ. i. Polytrich. 1-Mich. 593 1+ J, E. M, O, P, 2, R.~Blackw. 375—Vaill. 23. 8-Ger- 1371. $-Gars. 129-Fuchs, 629. 1-Trag. 528. 1-F. Be iii. 760. 1—Lon. i. 222. S—Dod. 475. 2-Ger. em. 1559 right hand fig. of the 3 lowermost-Barr. 251. 3—Kniphs 12-Trag. 946, the tallest of the. JSigures, rising from @ bed of Hypnum sericeum.—Park. 1052, right hand fig- of the two uppermost-Lob. obs. 645. 2. ic. ii. 245-Ger. eM
1559. 2-Ger. 1870. 2—Park. 1307. 3.
Veil very hairy, hanging down below-the capsule, ragged. Wiis From 4. to 12 inches Bok, stiff, stiniche. Fraueatell golden
LL. _ Great golden Maidenbair, or Goldilocks, Woods and moor in wet bogey places, ‘ P, May, June
ee
ee
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Polytrichum, —
- Var. 2. Leaves shorter and less flexible. Dru.
Dill. 54. 2-Vaill, 23. 6-Fl. dan. 295-H. ox. xv. 7.6 and 8-Lob. ic. il. 243, 1-Ger. em, 1563. 14—Park. 1308. 9.
Shoots much shorter than in var. 1; and mostly branched. Wess. Veil double, the outer one hairy, the inner one much smaller, white, smooth, membranaceous. Lerrs. Leaves sharp- pointed, very entire. Fruit-stalks two inches long. ccs CH. Whole plant canter than the preceding, except the Vei/, which is larger and more pyramidal. Sve seldom more than one inch high, seldom branched. Dit. Female plant with one single tuft of leaves at the top of the stem, the lower part of which is naked.
Recept. orbicular. Veil single. Lid acutely conical, hangin over the capsule, Male, about an inch of the stem covered with
cine Ae ae or wet. P. May, June. ies 3. Liyn. Leaves terminating in hairs. Happ. i. Polytr. & Dill. 54. 3-Vaill, 23. 7-Buxb. is 62. 3, a barren plant. ms not more than half an inch long, simple, leafless below. hiewier entire at the edges, ending in grey hairs. Fruit-stalk terminating, about one inch long. Wess. Fruit-sta/ks half an inch high, or a little more. Capinle with its veil, two lines long, and one broad. Pottren. Leaves bent inwards a little, not serrated, terminating suddenly in a long whitish hair. Fruit- stalls and their shea athing involucrums purple. Dit, Barren and fertile plants in distinct patches : ry woods and sandy barren heaths. Spring.
a simple: leaves strap-spear-shaped; in- Sy serrated upwards: capsules ried. Heda. stirp. i. 13—Curt. 102—Dill. 55. 6-H. ox, xv. 7. row 2. 7-Pet. mus. f. 22-Vaill. 26. 15, veil wanting.
Veil open, larger than the an Tae Linn, Leaves rrr serrated, Capsules roundish, nodding. Henwic. Leav
779
subrotun’- dum,
times slightly serrated towards the point. Capsules ieatly as
Toad as they are lon Mnium diabobesdr, Linn.—Polytrichum palytrichoides. Huns. 470, Pol. wanums Hepwic. Heaths. Muddy soil. [Spink’s
* When the ees rae all night in 4 woods, they make them - Selves beds of this moss ; and the bears oobi it for the same. purpose. Squirrels and birds use it in making their
780
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Polytrichum.
Grove ina dry ditch. Mr. Sroxe. Commons about es in P. May.
large patches. |
aloi’des.
Pot. Shey simple: leaves spear- shaved # serrated at the capsules cylindrical: veil wo Hedw. stirp. i, 14-Dil. 55s 7~Buxb. i. 63. 1-Vaill, 29. 11.
Stem near half an inchhigh, seldom branched. _ Frast-stalks growing to the length of an inch, fixed rather below the top of the stem. Caps. ylindHedl” upright, but leaning as it becomes older. Veil larger than the capsule. Wets. Stoots _proliferous when old. Leaves serrated. Capsule whitish when ripe. Re- ceptacle none. Lrgrs. taut awl-shaped, serrated, opake, red- dish near the point, with a dage somewhat broadet than themselves. Caps. eatrscred beneath the rim, tapering at the base. Mr. Grirritu. Leaves serrulated at the ends and also
on the back of the mid-rib, Capsules twice as long as they are
hercy’ni- cum.
od 6 trichum nanum. Huns. 470. Pol. aloides. en Heath. Muddy soil. [Near “Sp ink’s Grove near Bungay, Suffolk. Me. Seria 5 helt tec Plantations] P. March—July. « Leaves stra apahepes serrated, pellucid, with an ap- dation € 0! “of the same width: capsules roun oie » hot tapering at the Goon Fem. plants grey green. Male darker coloured they grow in distinct patches. Leaves hair-pointed.. Fre it stalk and veil orange coloured. wee flowers tiled, ‘cup-shaped, alt sing, terminating, red. Mr. Srackuouse. nks and road sides about Henllan, Denbighshire. } a Feige Hills in Cornwall, common. Mr. Sracxuouse. | Spring
Pot, — Sicbeed branched: leaves spear-shaped, fleshy: es. urn-shaped, upright: veils with scattered hit: Heda. Stirp. 1.15. Stem upright, ee linchlong. Leaves strap-s shapeds
aie , very pane. Sa 5 ealy upright, re f
e. Seek ncurvum. * Pastures and rocks about Llanber-
sis. Mr. Daviss, Inthe Highland mountains, Dicks.
P. June—Oct-
8g ar a rts > ca nema aa EA I a ters a TE
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI., Polytrichum. 781
Pox. Shoots very much branched: leaves spear-shaped, alpi‘num, toothed: fruit-stalks terminating : capsules egg shaped. Dill. $5. 4: Hall dium: 3. 6. at p. 109 ; hist. 46. 6. at iii, Pe 56-FI. dan. 296.
sigh. a Capsules eeganape. leaning when ripe. Lid “8 beaked. Month with a ring; fringe fine, short, upright, shies :
igh. ous heaths in the North of England, and mountains of Wales ce Scotland. P. June, Aug. ps. P. urnigerum, which see.
Pot. Shoots very much branched: leaves spear-shaped, urni’gerum, tooth-serrated: fruit-stalks axillary: capsules cy- lindrical.
Dill, 55, 5-Vaill, 28. 13-Fl. dan. as Capsules when ripe nodding. L Two or 3 inches highs
with lateral branches, somewhat forked, ri ibe to nearly a
equal height. Fenit-stalk lateral, two or three inches high. fe
volucr. red. Capsule a ait egg-shaped, can 8 upright,
leaning as it ripens. Lid yellow, beak white. outh with a
ring, and covered by a whi ite “wea rane. Receptacle none. ot ate
ren shoots unbranched, 2 inches high, oe = the ends.
Leers. Beak of the lid very slender. ” Mr.
At the foot of Cader Idris. Diti. [At Roslin, Rivelstone; the wath of Ireland ; also in the “Highlands of Scotland. Mr. rown.. Near the road side between Denbigh and Voylas, by
— tesolet before you arrive at a place called Pensylvania ; and ader Idris with the shoots hardly 4 inch high, thong the
festssaeclica as tall as usual. Mr. Grirriru.} =P. June—Aug-
MNI'UM. Capsule with a veil: friage with 16 teeth ; sometimes though rarely with 4. Male. Bud circular, rarely knob-like, mostly on a separate plant. (1) Capsules upright, cylindrical. My. Capsules slender; lid needle-like: leaves spear- acicula’re. shaped, upright, mostly pointing one way. Dicks. h. s.-Hedaw. stirp. iii. 33-Dill. 46. 25. One or 14 inch high, Braxches upright. Leaves crowded,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mnium.
nerasianlgp near an inch high, dark red; on the ends of the ac nches. Dru. Leaves spear-shaped. Frazt-stalks
Dicranum aciculare. Hedwie, On
t 5 Wynne, Esq. Deshi ghibire, "Mr. G 1FFITH.] P, May—Oct. Var. 2. Stems trailing: leaves siansekak open. Hups.
Fl. dan. 1001. 1—Dill. 46. 26—Hall. it. herc. in opuse. p.
bb Runf th and 25 Bryum, ES¢.—Vaill. ps OF 16—Pe?. mus» cent. 1.2: 1, f. 74—-H. ox. xv. 5. row 4. 29.
Shoots branched, floating in the water or resting on sto Leaves brown green. Fryuit-stalks short and blackish. Conti oblong, straight, dark green. Vei/ black. Dut.
On large stones that lie in the rivulets in the — of the Peak of Derbyshire. Per. and in the mountain torrents near Llan- berris, Caernarvonshire. Diix. [In the first. brook poe crossing Pont y Alwen, between Denbigh and Seng y druidion. al GRIFFITH. P. Au
Var. 3. Shoots slenderer, upright ; leaves pointing one way-
Like var. 2, but shorter, less branched, more uptight and of a pdiswer vy green. Mr. GrirritH. Gibws with var. 1. -
pellu’cidum.Mn. Stem simple: leaves egg-shaped.
Schmid. 3-Fl. dan. 300-Dill. 31. 2-Hall. enum, 4.8. at § 118; bist. 45. 8. at iii. p. 41—-Vaill, 24. 7. Shoots an inch long, seldom branc hed. Leaves in 4 weed ; ae purp phe en ute ina point. | Fruit-sta/ks terminating, @ h long, whitish. Capsules cylindrical, yellowish.
Veil very cop Tetraphis pellasida Hedwig. . Woods. ne ened places, and decayed roots of trees. A. Jan.—July-
Var.-2. a exceedingly narrow, and pellucid. R. Syn, p- 73 We 5-Dill. 31. 2. E. PF. Heaths near Woolwich. Mar. R. $y
scopa’rium. Mn. aes branched : eave strap-spear-shaped, a
ck, pointing one Dicks. b. s.-E. bot. 5k Bi 46. 16-Curt.Vaill. 28+ 12 Kniph. 6-Buxb. ii. 4. 1-Fl. dan. 824. 1-H. ox. 167 11 and 13.
Grows in dense patches, branched, nearly upright, 1 10 3
——
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mnium. 783
inches high. Leaves slender, long, ending in along sharp point, expanding. Fruit-stalks 1 or 2 inches high, generally eth Soieaise cylindrical, thick, a little crooked, scored. Lid, hea as long as the capsule. Mouth toothed. Vei/ long. Weis. Fre- quently several fruit-stalks in one a WILLDENOW. Bryum scoparium. Linn. um scoparium. Hed-~ mig. Hea woods, woake of es shady banks, and dry pas- P. eae We e and July. Hups. re wil eydp BE
(2) Capsules leaning, roundish. My. coe ay eee. lid blunt: shoot sometimes fonta’num, right: ‘leaves spear-shaped, slender, tent fnvevaids at the points. Dill, 44. 2~E. bot. 390-Vaill. 24. 10-Fl. dan. 298-Haps. ili. 7-H. ox. xv. 6. row 3. 8-Mich. 59. 4—Pluk. 47. 2.
The old shoots covered with brown knap, and buried 3 inches deep. From these proceed slender cylindrical shoots, some of which end instars. Frait-stalks 2 inches long; pro- ceeding from the shoots of the preceding year. Necx. eadily known by its stiff ae Shoots 2 to 4 inches long. Weis. Leaves serrated, in the young shoots mostly pointing one way. In this s ies, and also inthe Mnium palustre, the fer~ tile and barren shoots adhere so closely at bottom as to appear but one plant. Leers.
Br. fontanum. Huds. [Low wet meadows, turf bogs, and springs, Earsham. | Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Strong. Cold clear streams in Westmoreland on the sides of hills. The veil falls off in May. Mr. Goucu.] P. May—Aug.
My, capalen pear -shaped; lid blunt: senots early uligino’sum, bran : leaves oblong-spear-shaped, Dicks. * Hebi stirp. i. land 2-Dill, 49. 58 See
t. Fruit-stalks 3 inches long, terminating. Cap ‘dull y yellow iver, egg-s © le Lid blunt. Grow- D pa
rate flowers. Rimgnone. Fringe andy 16 teeth in each. The roots are so rgee attached together, that without great Care it breaks off, and the plant appears without a stem.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mnium.
Hepwic. Short, sitting, sometimes undivided, sometimes with lor 2 branches. Leaves green, narrow. Fruit-stalks about 2 inches tag of a shining gold colour, Dini
adows, in dense patthes. a drichdet Linn. raph oh, Hedwig. P, May, June.
(3) Cupsules Jenny oblong.
sim’plex, Mwy. Jae ege-oblong: fruit-stalks lateral: leaves awl-
ed. il stirp. ii. 34—Dill, 50. 59-H.. ox. xv. 7» row 2. 19 Buxb. iv. 65. 2. Shoots 4 an inch long. Fruit-stalks coloured, standing on 1 the ends of the young shoots, but on the rib of the old ones. Neck. Not branched, often 1 inch long, growing in patches. Leaves crowded at the ends of the stem, hair-like, not crisp when dry. Fruit-stalks 1 or 2 es adel 8 or 9 lines long. Capsule in- rere egg-shaped. Potticw. Lid rather broader than the cap- eaked. Mouth aes toothed. Dit. With 16 ina eae row, purplish. sna: r. rubrum. Huds, ed. i. Br. simplex. toe Dicranum varium. Hedwig. cow es Byes S. A. Mar.—May. P. Hedwig.
seldom branched: leans bristle-s
oo. Mn. ee es ege-shaped ; lid Son pete bent: shoot aped.
Hedw. stirp. 4. 6-Vaill. 27.7-Dill, 47. 37-Fl. dan. 479- _H. ox, xv. 6. row 3. 5, and in 7 the leaves straight= Buxb. ii. 2. 8. In habit resembling the Mnium scoparinm, but much smaller. Capsules egg-shaped. Lid, beak short. We1s. Stem + igh, upright, but not straight. Leaves not curled when dry- Dares fower always terminating. Fruit-stalks uprights single, or in pairs. Veil opening at the side, deciduous. Lid, beak bent. Fringe of 16 teeth. Hepwic. Seldom branched. Leaves
pointing one way. Fruit-stalks to 1 inch high, green, chang ing to fine ree sometimes in pairs. Verl pale green. D1. ryum am, beteromallu . Dicranum bs beam oe Hed- s. On Snowdon. Dit. (Cwin Idwell. Mr. GrifFITH. Further eins Edgbaston. } A. Mar.—May: Var. 2. Leaves shorter, lower ones pointing i ways» Dill. 47. 38. Leaves yellow green, suddenly narrowing from the base
wards 1-rowed, downwards 2-rowed, curled when dry. i v1
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mnium, 785
very slender, pale. Dizxt. Leaves broad and sheathing at the | base, then bristlé. shaped. ruit-stalks shorter than the shoot. Capsules egg-oblong, equal in length to twice its breadth._— Specimen from Mr, Griffith, who gathered it on the rocks of Clogwy Di y r Arddu p. Snowdon.
| Mn. CD pe biota. lid taper-pointed, cpenty shoots glau’cum, ed: leaves egg-shaped, acute, ti
Dill. am 20-Vaill, 26. 13—H. ox. xv. 6. row ny its, 22.
Stem with the eet ee Sphagnum palustre ae whitish. Lid swtahties Leaves 3 1 Or morein = | length, very entire. Lina wel hesch: ¢ ery shary aan ted. Mouth ' fringed: Potticw. Whole plant su greyish when growing, or pale glaucous green; whitish when dry. ei slender, white. '
Itt. One to 3 inches high; ee thick. Fruit-stalk 1 inch, but aimee * inch higher than the shoots. r. glaucum. Linn. Dicien, Hedwig. Mountainous heaths. “Near the mene at Llanberris ; but very rarely bears fruit. Mr. Grirrir. | ’P, Aug.—Nov,
Mw. Capsules ege-oblong, saith - lid taper-pointed, bent: pellu’cens, — shoot hairy: leaves spear-shaped, reflected, acute, Hedw. theor. 8. 1\to 4—Dill..46. 23, 24~-Pluk. 44. “~Pluk. 49.1, several shoots rising from the top of that of last year. Shoots from 1 to 3 inches, with rust-coloured hair-like fibres on the lower part. Leaves slender, keeled, crooked, pellucid, sometimes wrinkled. Fr ait-stalks. sometimes in pairs ; .termi- nating. Capsules brown when dry. Dit. __ Br. pellucidum. Linn. Marshy and shady places. Near North Bierly, not. far from Bradford, Yorkshire, and on the ~ sides of lakes on Glyder and Snowdon mountains. P. June—Sept.
My. ames eps shine’ ; lids conical: shoots branched, palus’tre. forked : leaves awl-shaped, acute E. bot. 391—Dill. 31. 3-Vaill. 24, 1-H. ox. xv. 6. row 3. 9 —Schmid. 50. 2. Capsules crooked after shedding their seeds. Boast ciell; slightly waved. Mr. Grirritu. Fruit-stalks yellow. Reyc.
times with 3 divisions. ipa feiveped nt pelle keeled,
rot green, yellow when dry. Ditt. Stems 2 or 3 inches
igh, branching towards the top into 2, 3, or 4 shoots. Lede aves,
lower ones downy. Sxmmit-leaves flat, large, forming stars, in
ga are the barren flowers, F. ——— from the tops a the ou. III,
Var som of ao leaves. Hup
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mniuni.
last t year’s shoots, which now likewise support new Pisisisine nt sules it
bogs and wet beast marshes and Beste [Near B gays Sf Mr. Stone.) P. June, July, . Stem — upright, Fruit-stalks from the bo-
” pak 3. 4 Stem sometimes simple. Ditt. 236. Fertile flowers not dis- » Dit. iz R, Syx. 78.2. 3.—Smaller than the preceding. Fr ch shall slay numerous, not terminating in capsules, but in small globular heads ephtainins a powder. Seems to be the male plant. -M. ramosum. Huds. ed. is 403, and Gmelin Syste vege
purpu‘reum, Ms. Capsules nearly cylindrical : ’ fruit-stalks axillary : shoots b 1
ranched :, leaves oblong, acute, keeled. . Dill. 40. 51-H: ox. xv. 6. row 4. 4, some of the » fruit-stalks terminating.
Grows in very dense patches. Svem rate, mostly forks and these shoots sometimes dividin ain. Leaves spear-awl- ‘form
ag . ~ shaped, in some shoots forming terminating stars. Fruitestalls
an inch high, at first upright, afterwards a little leaning. Lid ty pointed, scarlet. Veil upright, aft erwards oblique» um
EBryum purpureum. Huds. and Lightf. Dicranum purpureum. Hedwig. Walls, heaths, rocks, and gravelly banks and pas- tures. April.
Var. 2. Leaves less rigid ; spear-shaped. Dill. 49. 52. 4 Leaves ending in hair-like points. Capsule finely pointed.
ott Moor on the borders of Lancashire and Shobd Marsh, Flerafondshine, [Near Llyn Aled Lake. Mr. raed :)
(4) Capsules drooping.
arcua’tum, “My. ies Sasdes globular, toothed : shoots branched : leaves oblo
ong-spear-shaped, taper-pointed, scored. Dicks- Dicks. b. s. and fase. iii. 7. 3-Dill. 39. 36-
Leaves upright but spreaging ; serrulated. Male flower tet minating, star-like. Fruit-stal/k terminating, crooked, SU rounded by jong shoots. Caps. mouth narrow. Fringe, tect short, upright, acute, red. Lid minute, scarcely beaked. D1ck* The fuscous woolly matter which surrounds: the shoot is a 6"
-
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCFI. Mnium. ) 7
stant attandant. Fruit-stalks at the base of the branches, golden red, hardly 4 inch long, crooked. Capsule golden yellow, glo. bala. Mr. Branpury.. Leaves gprulated ae. towards the
| Hypnum euckeidontiied Bote. atr. ed. ii, Iss bogs. in northern: parts of Vorkshiraj,and, i in. moist places on, Glyder Mountain, Datta /. Boggy, places,in Scotland, Drexse,. [On bogs with the Maions palustre, in'Greenfield » Saddleworth, York~ renee and Stayley, Cheshire.’ Mra:Brapaury, »By.the side of as, near Pistyll, in Llanberris. parish,,, Mt GairritH. Foot of lage hills, near eEdiobargh “Mr. a med “Nov Ve
Mx. ‘Capanlc volar dinipatbr: lid blunt : “shoots somewhat nu‘tans. branched ; leaves egg-shaped, acute, _ Hedw. stirp, ili. 8-Dill, 51. 746° Shorter ae the preceding. Capsules $ pear-sh ies largest at the end. es deeply keeled, closing rye mens when dry, very mach” irowdec and‘ tomipressed, Stem and leaves at the bottom black. Lids very short‘and blunt. Dixt. in. inrbinatum. Hedwig. Mninm sta a ¥ Huds. 491, Br. Grachicicin v Bot. ne ed. ii, Marshy places. On Shooter’s Hill near, sad in Wa les. _ Spring and summer. Ditt.
Miknkhitecieenestahopdiy aie dascatpoote rarely branch hygrome’- ed: Kanes abcde taper-point m, "B bot. 342-Dill. 52. 75Vaill, 26. ow ox. XV. 7 17~ Happ. i, Maium. 2-Fachs. 629. 2-Trag. 5286 2~F. B. iis 760. 2-Low, i. 222. 4—Deod. 475. 1—Ger. ent. 3559 4, the middle one of the 3 lower eee eae 1052 » left hand upper fig —Fl. dau. 648-Ger. 1 tiogaas: in large’patches. Stem 1 to 2 roa ce but mostly buried in the earth. Frait-stalk a 0 ay lon song Capss pear- shpat x troldes yellow. Weis. in mail and close to the AE se: i th very ae me Ma midst of which projec the young fruit-stalk like the point of a pin. In‘ Januaty the 4-sided veil appears, of a straw-colour ; in Febrnary and March the capsules are found, which er in A May.» Leaves tender, pend, veinless. Ditt Bryum hygrometricum, Hu E, bot. Koelreuteria h by pinashes tica. Hedwig. Common in woods, héaths, garden waiks, walls, old trees, decayed wood, and where coals or cinders ha ve lain 2 ec aye If the frait-stalk be moistened at the bottom, the bead makes _ 3 or 4 revolutions: if the upper part is moistened, it turns the contrary way. Linx, . : 3F
783
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCT. Mnium,
cuspida'tum. Mw. om tte egg-shaped: leaves egg-shaped, pointed, BS serra :
hor’num.
caper:
Dil 25 gor a. 26. 18—Happ. i il, 6.
upper fod larger, more acute, pellucid, smooth, sharply ser-
Fruit.stalk % to 1 inch long, when old saffron-coloured, issuing out ofa purple tubercle encompassed-by ‘slender leaves. Capsules egg-shaped, mii Fruit-stalk either solitary or several toge-
Br. wpa ‘folirtin das Hilatinns Binks. and Bot. arr. ed. ii oods, moist heaths, pr ithe and in bogs on heaths and mea cs Py
My. eee ces: “Yeates: be nipcringe 22 acute,
Dill, 514.71-Mich. 59. oe Vail. 2 31. 4 and 5-H. ox» xv. 6. row the last, 3 and: 4s as ea semetines apts before it produces capsules.
From } to 1 inch high, but farpar't in moister situations, mid- rib red, stiff. Leaves green, pellucid, finely crenated. Fruit. stalk saffron red, shining, 1 to 2 inches long, bent like a swan’s neck. - d . obli , wollen * dark reen, ny ng = Leaves at the base of the fruit-stalk desdene a shoot simple; female branched Se the base. meer sharply serrated and ending in a sharp poin
+. hornum, Huds. Curt. Woods, moist shady ‘and boggy pladees P, Febs—May-
Mn. Capsules _oblong-egg-shaped gee from neat the root: leaves egg-shaped, keeled, bristle-pointed.
Dill. 50. 67-FI. dan. 1122. 2-H. ox. xv, 63" row 5: 19~ Vaill, 24. 6, Shoots, at the ends of some a very small brown star. Very nearly allied to Bryum caespiticinm. Linn. Leaves ports pants
se oopitans Lic Huds. Mud walls, heaths, roof. P. Feb. March.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Mnium,. 789
My. Capsiles oblong-egg-shaped: fruit-stalks from near anno’tinum he root : leaves pellucid, egg-shaped, uetepoinied. Dill. 50. 68,
Leaves spear-sha 5 emma not twisting when ays turn- ing brown when soaked in water. Fruit-stalk 1 inch long. Capsule oblong, pendent. Lid ‘aiied' blunter when old. Dixit. Stem 3 to 1 inch high, simple, or branched almost from the bot- tom. Same very entire, those on the stellated shoots broader.
ryum annotinum. Huds, Woods and moist shady places. [Crib y Ddeseil. Mr. Grirritu.] P. March, April. Hups.x—Summer. Dri.
Mn. Capsules oblong-egg-shaped: stem unbranched: puncta’tum fruit-stalks often several together: leaves inversely egg-shaped, very entire, blunt, dotted.
Dill. 53. 81-Happ. il. 4—Vaill, 26. ae 45. 7~—H, OX
xv. 6. 39, and 40.
It varies in the fruit-stalks being solitary or incorporated, and also in the fertile shoots being apright, and the barren shoots erccping. WILL ee Grows in large patches. Stems sim- pi e.. Leaves wikh a scarlet rib, cartilaginous and purple at the
ala Fruit-stalks etmalnating, generally single, sometimes 3 or 4 together ; one to two inches high; thicker downwards,
Capsules nodding, egg-shaped. Seeds greenish. Shoots without
capsules, ending 1n roses. Wers, Leaves pellucid, smooth, pale
green. Fruit-stalks one to three on a plant. Ditt.
Le serpyllifolium punctatum. Huds, Mn. serpyllifolium.
Var. 2. punctatum. Bot. arr. ed. ii, Leaves longer, more pellucid. Dill. 53. 80.
Leaves longer and blunter than 6 of Linnzus. Capsules at “3 ens Lid spit-pointed. Frsiscieadl three to five on plant. LL.
In igh in the West Riding of Maire
Capsules half ripe in spring. Dit
Mn. peapeules oblong-egg-shaped : fruit-stalks several to- undula’tum, gether: leaves ‘oblong, waved, serrulated. Dilk 59. 76—Vaill. 24. 3~Mich. 59. 5-Tourn. 320. E.=Pet. gaz. 95. 16-H. ox. xv. 6, row the last, | 1—Neck meth. f. 6. at p. 273, a star-like head. Root strong, creeping. Shoots 3 or 4, to 5 or 6 inches long, feu or unbranc Leaves thin, pellucid, strap. spear~ Shaped, waved and serrated, Caps. pendent ; lid blunt, / 7eib
proliferum,
cru’dum.
CRYPTO GAMTA. MUSCT: Mniunr,
Jae pointed. Dirt, Barren flowers surrounded by strap.
shaped leafits; in the centre of shoots ending’ in roses. Weis. Barren and fertile sheats from \ the. same roots. ae F's shaped ;_ mid-rib large.
- Bryum, serpyllt Feliam, eee Huds. Mz. sorpylli ifolium undulatum. Bot. at ed, ii. si Aa ame about the roots of trees and oe ba P.. dar il,
Mn. "Capsules opi egg-shaped : shoots ee |
eaves spear- Som pe pointed, forming. termmating TQSesw Dill. 52.7 7-Buxb. 11,'14-3, Stems straight, naked. Leaves sexing une sinings pellucid, disposed in a circle, widening. upwa en ding in int, § ibly serr:
capsules. Vez/s not observed. Se
Bryum m serpyllifolium Fike ‘rim. Huns. and Bot. arr. ed. tie Wet places in woods and heaths near Beton 8 Castle, Dit. [Bungey, Suffolk. Mr. Stone, ] Winter.
Vale 2, Capsules and fruit-stalks very long. .
Dill. 52.78.
Fruia-srall reddish. Capsules pendent. Lid blunt. Leaves
eee y ending in-hairs, but not grey ones. Root woolly, ochrey-
Wet places in woods and heaths,
Mn. Capsules RH ot pear ta shoot unbranehe 3
leaves spear-shaped, a
Hedw. stirp. is seat 51.70-Vaill, 26. 12.
Leaves green, almost silky. Fruit-stalks long, red. Lrnn. Half an inch high ; not ‘tas' 4h Leaves, upper ones thrice a8 igh as the lower, crowded, upright but open. Capsules up-
> then pendent, and 2 upright again. Veil turning up
e capsule hangs down. Lid hemispherical, beak short seelinted plants not.so Cale _A powdery brown. substance in the centre of the star, Lerrs. . Fertile stem 1 an inch; Barren stem an inch high, or more. Leaves, the upper ones a little toothed towards the ends. Capsule bent horizontally. Mozth, outet fringe of 16 teeth. Hepwic. ’ Fruit-stalks from the ends of the young’ shoots; pale red. Diez. The whole plant has a silky
lS pe ARAN oN ee a TE Nee eT iia ana Ty ta il ee
SENET MUSCI. Mnium. : 791.
ryum cru Woods about Rydall, Westmoreland. Huns. [C Crib y y oS Ahern Caernarvonshire, Cador Idris, Merionethshire. Mr. a FITH. | P. March—June.
Ms. Cape oblong-egg-shaped: shoots short, but cespiti cium, branched: leaves spear-shaped, hair-pointed. v9: ia 50 66—H. ox. xv. 6. row 5. —— 29.7. Fruit-stalks ted at botto: ellow green at top. Reye. Giaws i in d titoad igaa pened” Only a few lines high branched at the top, covered with a brown knap at bottom. Leaves very _ crowded, shining. Fruzt-stalks an inch (or ‘ 2) high, issu- ing from the roses of last year’s shoots, surrounded at bottom with a leafy sheath or fence. Capsule at first upright ; slender egg-shaped. Lid red, shining, nipple-shaped. Mouth slightly fringed, Veil brown, changing to tawny red. Weis. and Dini, Leaves mid-ribbed, Fruit-sta/ks from an oblong bulb, invested with hair-like fibres. Outer coat of the capsu/e with 16 teeth. Bryum cespiticium. Huds. Curt. Old walls,' stones, roofs, grass, gravel, banks, and hillocks, P. Feb.—April.
Mn. — prc Ps dees He shoots branched : leaves pscudo-tri’= gg or spear-awl-shaped, bordered, keeled, pointing uctrum, in 3 direaietee ; Hedw. stirp. iti. 7-Dill. 51. 72-Vaill. 24. 2 and 2-H. ox. xv. 6, row 5. 20.
Capsule, the neck downwards becomes gradually sor tems simple or branched; branches sometimes
Fruit-stalks near 2 irfches long, purple. dose bent down. — bellying, green. Lid small, shining, white. Ver/ short, brown, red. Dix.
and Relh. n. 786, but in the specimens of Maium trique the Linnzan herbarium and Ehrhart’s phytophyllacium the a
sules are upright slantin fags na x * s; not pressed to when dry. Mr.
3 WwW Gusrira; oa? limits the yeheicods to Dill. to the figures mark. dD. E. Leaves mid-ribbed, bordered, bristle pees? upper
ée s and marshy places. Part pie pi ts, Ellingham Fens, Norfolk, va Sronz. On mud or gravel by the sides of rivulets
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum.
and springs, in the ascent to Snowdon and outs Mtr. Grir. FITH. | Mar ch—May, Var. 2. Larger in all its parts. Dill. 51. 73-Fi, dan. 112 alt Leaves spear-shaped, alterna te. Fraitstall red, sometimes
compassed by others of a paler Sing Flowers in the summer, ww. Leaves almost Se e
miles foi Holywell. Mr. Gaurrita. ]
BRYUM. Fruit-stalk terminating, issuing out of
a tubercle : capsule with a veil. Male, a dud either on the same or on a diffe- rent plant; often axulary.
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE BRYUMS, Capsules sitting, or nearly so, : — on fruit-stalks, UPRIGHT.
. Stemless. 3: | Stem at ee rarely Creme. 3. Stems tra 4. Stems uw ‘cht.
a. eter roundish.
b. Capsules i Soa
c. Capsules o long
eee
C, a on on fruit-stalks, LEANING. 1, Stem none, or very short and unbranched. - Stems upright, _ D. Capsules on fruit-stalks, pRooPinG.
1, Stem none, or very short and unbranched. 2. Stems upright.
fe a ee sarcasm rim es
A. Capsules sitting, or nearly $0.
_ #pocar'pum, Br, cops sitting, eymmnating 3 beak bent; veil very small,
Fa a a ee
CRYTOGAMIA, MUSCI, Bryum. (A)
Schmid. 57. 1-Vaill.. 27. 15—Hedw. stirp: ix 39-Dill, 32. 4—Fl, dan. 480~Happ. iii. 2.
_ Shoots one to two inches high; somewhat branched. Leav,
at the ends of the shoots and branches, paler, longer, hairy at he
; from amongst these rise up fruit-sta/ks, very short, purple, with a yellow tu fete Capsules oblong, smooth, n, chan, ing toa yellow. Mouth purple, a: elegantly Plnigeds Lid scarlet. Veil pale yellow, deciduon The fruit-stalks are so enveloped by the leaves at the axietaniey: of the shoots, that pore they nor the a a can be distinctly seen, but the scar EIS
rimmia apocarpa. Hedwig. Rocks, cr bi are [ Walls and roofs of houses, in Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. E.] : "Nova April, bai Var. .2. Shoots longer and more branched, leafits ending in Is. Heda. stirp.i. 40-Dill, 32. 5, B dry, A moistened—Vaille
7- 18. _ maar nian tufts like the aba but se — are longer, more branched, more leafy. _— er, terminating hairs longer ; dilute green in wint ring.
sr spri ‘The ends of ~ branches often hooked, csinliye beter "ipaeens | in the preceding riety. Capsules inclosed in leafy scales, green ; the young ones Me ‘the ends, the old ones at the sides of the branches. Se ae sdeigia ciliata. Hedw. Rocks and trees. ing of Yorkshire. Grey Weathers near Marlborough. Hills shoe Bishop’s Castle. Dus ome’ s Park, Edinburgh. Mr. Brown. Upon stones, on hills about Stayley Bridge, near Manchester. April. Mr. Brapsury. | Nov.—
Br. Capsules sitting; beak straight: leaves straight,
Dill. BS. 10. Grows in tufts. Stem about an inch high, somewhat branch. ed, ves orb: straight, keeled, pellucid when wet,
opake and darker green when dry. Fruit-stalks very short, thick atthe bottom. Veil “net wags . striated, Bryum sirtatum. var. ¥, Bot. arr. ed. ii. Rocks 4 near Ban. 4 Dirty. [On stones on the side of a river which are washed the water in high floods. Mr. Grurriru. | Autumn.
Br. Capsules sitting; axillary: veils hairy, conical. Hedw. stirp. 11. 37-Dill. 55. 9-Vaill, 27. 10-H, ox. xv. 6. row the last, 13.
Plant smaller than the Br. striatum, leaves smaller, darker §reen: veil paler and more distinctly toothed at the base. Ditt.
793
ses’sile. rd
tecto’rum.
798 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Brywm. (B.1)
- Differs also from it in» wanting the inner fringe, and having the edge of the veil scolloped. Henwig,
Orthotrichum anomalum. Hedw.. On stones, walls, and. the ground. Feb.—April. Dit.
Var. Sas mid-ribbed, hair-pointed. Capsules on short
fruit-stalks, ements with 16.slender rexpanding teeth. Veil hairless, ribbed. e trunk of a tree in the poultry yard, at Edgbaston. _ April.
Stria’‘tum.Br. vee ne oblong, sitting, axillary or ter apes eils hairy: leaves spear- shapeds acute. aee stirps li, 36—Neck. meth. 1.2, at p. 9735 4 ae, magnified.—Dill, 55. 8-Fl. dan. 537. 3-Vaill. 95.9 and 6. Oss. i allied to the Pourraronns bat wants a
smooth, without a an - Neck: Branched; 2 or 3 inches high. Leaves as if gnawed at the ends. Florets of both sorts on the pape or on distinct plants. Frwit-stalk, very short, sheathed at base. Capsule egg-shaped. Lid small, beak blunt. Fringe double, 16 teeth in each. ue found both in flower and in frat almost all the year. ree Polytr. striatum. Huds. Orthotvich. striatum. Hzow. ° In son trees. ‘The veils appear in winter, and the eapailes in Feb. March, and April. Dit.’ P. B. Capsules on frait-stalks, upRIGHT. , (1) Stemless, : guteifo lium. Br. ee cylindrical, toothed; axtiey wedge egg- haped, pellucid, reticulated, Dic 4 Dill, 45. 15~Buxb. i. 3 Leaves shorter, broader, softer than in the Br. mxrale, pellucid, green » not hoary with hairs. Grows much crowded together, at not in a circular form. Drt1. Br, murale B, Huds. and Bot. art, ed:ii. On banks of earth near Streatham, Surry, and at Oxford. Winter. Dit.
roura’le. Br, Capsules oblong: lids’ conical, acute: shoots at short, subdivided: leaves mid-ribbed, egg-shaped, ted.
acute, hatr-poin Dill, 45. 14-Vaill. 24. 155 in a tuft-~Buxb, i. 64.4 4—Mich. a ey
: Sametimes grows in tufts, but often spreads in shady places
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 1) 795
Leaves opaké, approaching, rigid, fine green when wet,, dullgreen when dry.
The lower Tone generally lose their terminating hairs. When the lid is carefully removed from the Capsulé, the mouth of the latter is seen adorned with a conica al pencil of rich saffron coloured hairs twisted Gnirally and projecting so as to fill up the
“Walls, roofs, tiles, stones, rocks and foo ed every- where, _P. Nov.— March.
Br. Capsules aneiely egg-shaped, lopped: lid convex: obtu’sum, leayes spear-egg-shaped, taper-pointed. Dicks, Dicks. 4.7. a. b. “Fringe none. Veil bell-awl- shaped. itot under the mi. Pages » sekiealated, finely toothed. Differs from B. truncatu-* tum in the beaked lid, and its capsule being fob: &e, irs. ones and rocks on Es Crechan, Scotland,
Br. Capsules egg-shaped: leaves. egg-shaped, concave, ova’tum. air-pointed. Dicks. 1. 4. Diekte b. s.—Hedw. stirp.i. 0-H. ox. xv.7. 18. Very minute; unbranched, with scarcely any stem. Floawers terminating. Frujt-sta/k upright, not longer than the danse, Veil reddish brown, Lid conical, beak oblique. Very common on mud wee spreading in bitae and dense patches; seldom on the gro Pnsnaiiia ovatum, Hedwig. Pastures, Mud walls, April, May.
Br. epee ablongs tien He leaves concave, egg-awl- pusil‘lum, shaped. Dic
lids stirp. 1, 28.
Stem ee, upright, very minute, not more than 2 or 3 lines high. Leaves concave and egg-shaped at the base, but very long and. sper. ans ards. Barren flowers in the bosom of ne
leaves, Fruit-stafks on the same plant, terminating, thrice long as the stem, nearly upright. Frizge single, of 16 reath,
deeply divided, red.
Trichostomum pusillum. Hedwig. In sandy places. A. Feb, March.
Br. Capsules pear-shaped : leaves flat, oblong, acute. pyrifor’me. Dicks, b. s.-E. bot. 413~Dill. 44. 6-Fl. dan. 537. 1-Vaill. 29. 3-H. ox. xvq7. row 2. 16. p. 031-Buxb. i. 04. 1. Fruit-stalks © to 1 inch long. Retu. n. 1015. Leaves 1 line
796 CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI, Bryum. (B.1,)
broad, 14 long. Involucrum none. Fruit-stalk about 3 lines long. Capsule, mouth without fringe. Potiicu. Veil Heit the capsule swells, 4-sided ; fame it tears into 2, 3, or
ents. Leaves tender, ‘pelluci d, pale green. Capsules ts ior is size of the plant, which rises but little above the ground.
Heaths, hedges and ditch banks. hare Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Sronz. J Feb. March, and April.
sone vere gs Capsules pointed, bearded: leaves caren pointed, somewhat rolled in. Dicxs. Dill. 49. 56. On ditch banks and brinks of rivulets, Scotland.
drical, bluntish. Dicks. bh. s.—E. bot. 6 aise 4.3. dwarfish giao smaller than B. pa/udosum, but the capsules saiticbcdiely large conspicuous. Lid conical, with a beak somewhat a i Veil slender, voeraee Dicks. Caps. with 16 es not with 12 as in Mr. Dickson’s figure. imestone rocks near Newmarket Heath.
_ealca’ reum, BR. 2 ae inversely. conical, a gee leaves upright, cylin Dic
eervicola/tum. FRE hate egg-shaped, unequal, toothed: Ieaves. very sle nder :
Hedw. stirp. ili. 37. A. 7 is Not branched; upright. Lower leaves very minute, speat- shaped ; upper oblong. spet-shaped concave, with a very long
w ty ; pale green Agama egg-shaped | ut less convex on one side, which Be an appearance of leaning... Lid fine t red, slanting, taper-pointe
paludo’sum,Br. Capsule very blunt, mouth wide: reeves bristle- shaped. 3
Dill. 49. 53. om B. wiridulum in -its brown capsules, and: the leaves not eiling when dry. Gicemely small, o
Veil slender, upright. green of its leaves, their bane slenderer, © not pai hes eee , and i in having smaller capsules, Weis. Leaves. very slende!s
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (Bi 1)
scarce sensibly broad, 2 dull green. Capsules, did deciduous, leaving a large open for the size of the capsule. Dinu. Differs from Br. viridulum in the leaves, which though bristle-shaped are broad at the base, the mid-rib only visible in the broader part; fruit-stalk twisting when moistened ; capsule egg-shaped; with’ an orifice equat'to its greatest diameter.. Mrs Gare
"In sandy marshes and turfy ground dn Yo rkshire. iesince son iz Dill. 387. Moist rocks, and gg ws decayed w in damp shady places, Licurr. [On stones and roots of trees in damp situations in Garn Din ngle, Denb ihshire 3 particularly on sand stones by the petrifying spring. Mr. Grir 1eeTTH.] eee
A, Mare rch—May,
Br. sees ; capsules oa high fruit-etdlles very : leaves like bristles fete 6! s 54. Sent focet Sweden to Dillenius, but now found’ in Scotland y Mr. ee Shoot very minute. Fruit-sta/k 3 of an inch high. Lid poin n rocks on ike Highland mountains. Dicks.
Br. Capsules oblong: shoot very short: edges of the leaves turned in.
Hedw. stirp.i. 25-E. bot. 180-—Dill. 49. 55. Stems very short. Leaves very entire, bluntish, flat above, convex underneath, naked. Fruit-stalk terminating solitary,
Dit. ee rigida. Hedwig. Moist rocks near Wigmore, Pag en ea Brown za Dill. On Ang poets Yorkshire. Hups [Thorpe, near Norwich. Dr. J. E. P. Nov.—July.
797
Cel'sii.
ri’gidum,
Br. Copies oblong : Jid taper-pointed: veil reaching paucifollium.
round: leaves strap-spear-shaped. Dicks. h. s.—Dicks. 1, 5.
Whole — aeely more than the 8th of an inch high, the smallest of th ee hich I have Bibete seen. Leaves 3 or
798
Hei’mii.
“
Forste’ri,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryam. (B.1)
brownish 'whén ripe, with a swollen red ring.,Zd taper-pointed, see crooked, nearly-as long as the capsule. is i oblique,’ Fringe toothed; )teeth numerous, . bent iffers Sin: B. paludasum inthe bare not being bsisdeioapie and in the shape of tlie capsules. Weissta eeaaill ctoakeckttt wigs; Br. viridelum. Dicks. fasce i * p 3; who believes:it, on the authority of the Linn. herbarium o be the Br, 'viridulum of Linneus, whose synonym, he thinks pe erroneous; and have misled our posariiey I am far from
caremseinees: it seems necessary to e it a new trivial name, the Br. Dichsoni, and I expect Br. eas being, allotted to other species. Fortunately the'circumstance of its ,havingvonly 4 or 5 leaves, allows us to adopt a name unbbjecsinnaiis and exe pressive. Boggy ground, on:Enfield Chace je une
-B. Capsules on fryit-stalks, uPRIGHT. (2) Stem very short ; rarely branched. Br. Capsules oblong: shoot upright: leaves spatula- shaped, taper-pointed, toothed Tupwards. Hedw stirp. i, 30.
Stem neat % inch high, unbranched, upright. Fruit-stalks aig sat neat an inch high, Veil opening at the side. Caps eg acai d, beak bent to one side. Fringe n
rymunostomum Set Hedwig. Sandy places ; in northern exposures Feb.— June. P:
“Br. Capsules toothed: fruit-stalks aie shoots nearly
ste temless: leaves egg-shaped, Dicks. iti. 7. 8.
at Walthamsto ani
fascicula’re, Br. Capsules oe pear-shaped, mouth naked ¢ shoots leafless belo
w: leaves in bundles : es :
; Sa Dicks,
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI. Bryum.°(B.2) 799
ii Dichse hes. and fasce Whe 750» ail f Pads strong, brown. Shoots nearly vu; ba sl de Lace toothed, twisted at the end; with a m rae ee gy very blun Veil bellying; c Ss at the base Dick Barren vali places. OF ad ?,
Br, Capsules ceg-cylindvieal, mouth via a metnanact fexifolium, nge: shoots nearly stemless ; aeares wave speat-shaped, sceestad. Dicks. Dicks. fase. ii. 7. 9. ‘From 2 to4lines high. Leaw es crowded, neahe but ex- panding, acute, kee serrated opieatds; yellow green, twisted when . Fruit- talk terminating, near +-inch high, pale, ellow. Capsule cyineaical but a little swollen at the base. Lid conical, blunt, rather thicker at the top. Veil awl-shaped. On barren sloping ground near Croydon, Dickson.
Br. Cipiutes cylindrical: involucrum leaves blunt, led conivols tum o form a cylinder: leaves spear-sha Dicks. h. s.-Hedw. stirp. 1. 32-Dill. 48. 44-Schmid. 57.5. Grows in dense tufts, > an inch or-more in height ; branches issuing od of the Phichted tops of the old shoots, which are stellated at the ends. Leaves loosely disposed, ending in hairs. Fruit-stalks from the last year’s shoots, i inch long, encom-
s broa a ring ; oe red. Lid slender, Sy ails shaped. Pel r
Ba. Capsules roundish, somewhat bent, toothed and dealba’tum, fringed : leaves spear-shaped, acute, expanding Dicks. 1.8, Dicks. 5.35 ab. ¢. “ that of Bre trichodes, from which it differs as follows. Leav, ar-shaped, mostly pale, under the microscope reticu- td, pel “6° Fi) but obscurely serrated at the end. Li,
gyn hah in m Seoksls on Ben Lawers.
800
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 2.)
extincto’rium Br. gti fase ie covered by the bell- vel
mucronuls’
shoots simple: leaves spear-shaped.
Dicks, b. s.-E. bot. 558-Hedev. stirp. 1. 18-F 1, dam 1001- Dill, 45. 8=Vaill. 26. 1. : Fruit-stalks “ste abis - Capsule Sree not Gti, N ECK. >. Grows thick together in patc tches, § Ae inch to 1 inch high ; sometimes a little Sageceed pasa the top; very rn ending in roses. Fruit-stalks not 4 inch long, upright. Capsules ap Lid sharp-pointed. ‘The veil covering the whole capsule a hanging down below it, distinguishes this from every other Moss. Dit. Leersia vulgaris. Hedwig. Grassy places in a sandy soil, ry and rocks, [Castle eae Bungay, es Mr. STONE. Denbigh Castle. Mr. Grirriru. | P, Oct.— Aug. Var. 2. Veil cut at the base. Hedw. stirp. 1. 19; theor. 9. 10 to 14, Se fructification ; hist. ti. 5. 24. a, the seeds—F]. dan. 1001. 2—Dill. 45.9. Whole plant larger and more pene Capiale; mouth fringed. “Veil cut at the base into 6 segments; grey, bent in- wards. Lunn. sec. n. 990. Leaves cuuains tee green colour hen
Leersia’ eiliata. Hedwig. Rocks about Ludlow Castle. Ripens its capsules in summer, the preceding variety in winter. D
Early in the spring to July. P. Br. Capsules oblong, bearded: shoots upright, but little branched: leaves spear-shaped, keeled. Dicks. Hedw. stirp. i. 23.
Leaves expanded when moist, twisted when dry. Barret and sated flowers on separate shoots, aah ing shapers
thinks they are aie From a comparison of the es ‘tt ap-
o me that the leaves in acne ¥ s plant are less crowded than in that of Dill. longer and more properly eo i s
On moat commons, Mar. Apr. P-
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCLI. Bryum. (B. 2) | 01
Br. Capsules egg-shaped: leaves spear-shaped, taper- virid’ulum, pointed, tiled, but expanding. Dicks. b. s.—Curt. 13%. 1-Hedw. stirp. iii. 5-Dill. 48, 43~ Vaill. 29. 5. So small as hardly to be discernible if it did not grow in large patches. ae 1 to3 linge Mek upright, seldom branched. rie: very slender, sharp at t ds. Fruit-stalks terminating the last year’s shoot lor 2 one a inn, Capsules egg-shaped ; fringed at mou id red pointed. Veil pointed, fam ene sot green, pcan g to a pale yellow. Capsules gre
yellow brown, an shine: Veil slender, the oe
en ti of + ae u id very short, reddish, its point bent. Drux. Leaves awl-shaped, quite straight, curled when » Dicks.
Br, tfiiucs Dicks. Weisia controverse. Hedwig. Bogey ground. Hedge banks, June Br. Capsules lopped: leaves flat, sharp-pointed. trunca/tulum. "Curt, 132-Hedw. stirp. 1. 5-Dill, 45. 7-Vaill, 20. 2-
: Capsules, when the lid is fallen off, appearing quite lopped, Aten egg-shaped, and yellowish red, therefore evidently dis. tinct the B. wiridulum. Linn. Fruit-stalks 3. or 4 lines.
long. ‘Ciiink without a “i Neck. One of the least of the te
Feb. Hasselquist fg this plant growing in great a ce upon the atts ¢ ral m, mp Con iovee it may be the Hyssop of | the Scripture, A Richa aid to have known all plants, from the Cedar of sp Pisin even tints the Hyssop, that groweth upon the wall. Br. Capsules egg-shaped, toothed : leaves “ta rufes’cens, pellucid, flaccid, pomting one way. Di ICK Dicks. iii. 8. 1. isd at aie upright, unbranched. Leaves toothed. Fruit talk te ating. Fringe red. Lid conical, a + fae bent. Ranks 3 of muddy rivulets in Scotland. Dic on, I 3G
802 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 3)
callisto’mum, Br. Capsules egg urn-shaped ; toothed : eanly stemless : leaves upright, strap- -awl- shaped. Dic
Dicks. 7. 10. Shoots nearly stemless, upright, leafy. Lea onde strap. awl-shaped, yellow green. Fru:t-stalk brown ; thicker upwards.
red orange. Lid co ial Vein not observed., Foctie by Mr. Dickson on barren racks on highland moun- tains in Scotland.
pal‘lidum. Br. Capsules ege-cylindrical : leaves awl-shaped. Hedw. stirp. i. 27-Dill. 49. 57.
Siem short, naked at bottom, or with a few very short nute leaves, Leaves awl-shaped, mid-ribbed, very ends rather pointing to one side. Fruitatalh 1 to 13 inch high, green or reddish. Caps. upright. Veil reaching aes half i round, deciduous. Zid bluntly conical, somewhat ben
Speci imens from J. W. GrirFitH, Esg. of Garn, “aie first found it in our island, growing on the Bo Mes of turbaries (peat holes) near Lyn Aled, Benbigtstire.
B. Capsules on fruit-stalks, upriGut.
. (3) Stems trailing.
hypnoi’des. Br. ee egg-shaped: shoots ascending: branches lateral, short, fruit bearing.
“Var. 1. lanuginosum. Shoot branched, lying down: leaves oblong, hair-pointed ; capsules oblong ; veils entire. Hedaw. stirp. iii. 2-Dill. 47. 32-Hy ox. xv. 5, row 27~ Hall. bist. 46. 4. at iii, p. 56. Leaves a little toothed at the sides, but this most conspicu- ous in the dried plant. Capsule upright. Mouth fringed wi i n the base.
or nearly 803, short, yellow. ye ers small, egg-shaped. : red, sharp pointed. Dini. Lid regularly conical, but very per, and about 1~3d the length of the capsule.
r. hypnoides a, Linn. ¢ Huds. pag ee a Hedwig. On Snowdon and i Mendip H — a Yorkshire, Diu. "Aut
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSEI. Bryum. (B. 3)
Var. 2. Leaves in bundles, not closely set, spear-awl-shaped Gachabed: doubled together, ending in a shor whitish hes : cur
ill. 47. 28. A. wicked Hibnblevi ity bis that i: described
D as oe Bra 8. Frait-stalk eco 4 to of an inch Jong, varying gy in different specim odes 6 Linn. ahd Hids. On Snowdon. Dru. and Sometimt
D 8. sh good Cosmas a of it in this state. Specimens from Mr. z h. - 3. Leaves in meen BSW i shaped mid-ribbed, keeled pointed with a white ‘hair Froth 2 to 3 inches aie tains branches and fruit-stalks longer than in var. 1. None of the e figures exactly resemble it.
Leaves in bundles, s sears, mid-ribbed, when a
Var. 4. doubled a hairpin curled Near 2 i ong: Less trailing than i. eps tm chiefly cern in a shape of the leaves; and being of a sight yellow Var Aan in bundles, spear-awl-shaped, mid-ribbed, not hair- saineed fruit-stalks very s Specimen from Mr, Griffith, who a it ought te to be con- sidered 4s 2 distinct species ; and in favour of this opinion we May obsetve, that all the preceding varieties have hair-pointed leaves, but this and the subséquent ones are not so, ‘The stems more or less feat. and the leaves growing in bundles are always sufficient to Fstinguish, the Br. hypnoides and its re. Br. éahetnent whilst the ptesence or absence of that aga which is catised by the hairs at the points of the leaves, will at once fistinguen the 4 first varieties of Laas eta i subsequent undled, spear Bp mid-ribbed; Petey oe rant when dry: lid not beaked, Dill. a7 30.
bsp. ry Hv UDS. Jug
Vas, 7. Shoots oy prostrate, leaves pointing one way, in bundles or cine awl. errs be t, very slender and fine, but Hot hair po 62
803
804 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4. a}
‘There is not any figure of this. The plant is brown green 4 or 5 inches long, branches few, very short ; fruit-stalk scarcely longer than the leaves. Shoot distinct, composed of a bundle of brown red fibres. Specimen from Mr, Dickson.
B. Capsules on fruit-stalks. upRIGHT. (4) Stems upright. a. Capsules roundish. serrated, reticulated. Dicks. il.
Dicks. 4. 64 a. 6.
Shoots upright. Leaves distant, rather pointed, of a res markable net-work texture, transparent, serrated towards the end, below very entire. Fruit-stalk from the base of the plant« Caps. teeth bent in. Drcxs,
« On Ben High in the Highlands,
teticula'tum. Br. Capsules pear-shaped, toothed: leaves egg-shaped, 4,
penna’tum. Br. Capsules very small: fruit-stalks terminating : shoot simple, upright, wing-cleft : leaves pointing 2 ways, spear-shaped, very entire. Hedw. stirp, 1. 29-Dicks. 1. 4+ Plant $ inch high; naked at bottom. Barren stems wing-
very lunt, reddish. Fringe naked. Dicx, Veil falling off entire. Hepwtc.
Mnuium Osmundaceum. Dicks. fasc. i. Gymnostamum penna- tum. Hedwig. Hollows in old hedge banks, in a rich soil on the road from Zele to S. Tawton, 4 miles from Okehampton,
von, Mr. Newberry. B, April—June-
verticilla’tumBr. Capsules small, roundish: fruit-stalks twisted when ty: Ft all of the same height: leaves hau- in *
Dicks, A. s—Dill. 47. aoe n Grows in dense tufts. Stems slender, adhering closely toge- ther, about an inch high; branched, Leaves hair-like, fine pal green, towards the bottom of the plant whitish. Fruit-stalks sumerous, short, pale, terminating. Capsules small, tf shy
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4. a) S03
greenish. Lid wee ge a » pointed. Dizi. Haller unites it with the 2. «. N.
In Yo ache Richiseaers in Dill, ‘On rocks near the sea, Bangor. Brewer iz Dill. P, April—Aug.
Br. Capsules globular ; lid flat: shoot branched : leaves pomifor’me, stale -spear-shaped, tiled _ but spreading: bris pointed,
ae 4. s.—Dill. 44. 1-FI, dan. 478—Vaill, 24. 9. and 12= Buxb. Ve App. x. 4-H, o ox. xv. 6. row 4. 6.
long, from the ends of the younger tains one or more in a ~ place. Capsule at first slender, when ripe globular, Mouth wide, fringed, the teeth turned ge Veil deciduous, Wets. and ~ Diu refer
Leaves mid-ribbed. Hedwig seems disposed to this to his new genus BarTRaMIA. Heaths, rocks, and banks, A. Feb.—April.
Br. Capsules roundish: fruit-stalks terminating : -egaaal og branched: Jeaves expanding, spear- -shaped, slender
Dill, 47.29; A. B.. the fresh, C. the dried plant-Fl. a 47 6—Happ. iii. 3.
P Caps. brown, beak very s mall. Di ILL. Fra stalk but little higher than the tops of the shoots. Caps. very small. Li ae with a very slender needle-shaped point.
Br. hypnoides. y Huds. On Snowdon. Mr. Grirritu.
Br, Capsules egs-oblong ; fringed: fruit-stalks very short : + pettens, shoots nearly upright: branches expanding, risin nearly to the same height: leaves strap- mt - shaped.
Dicks. 4. 8. a. b.
Shoots somewhat slanting, nearly cylindrical, tapering to. wards the base, very much branched. Branches unequal, rather pointed, somewhat higher than the ‘fruit-stalks. Leaves tiled, Pressed to, the points sapere out, quite straight, strap-spear- shaped, pointed, Fruit-stalks from the sides of the uppermost branches, vs solitary, my short, often zigzag. Capsules rather pear-s Fringe fringed. Dicks, Caps. egg-oblong, as exe in the figur
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B.4. a)
On rocks in.mountainous rivulets. On Ben Nevis, Scotland. [Rocks above the cape at Gwydir, Caernarvonshire, Mr, GrirriTH. |
stellig’erum. Br. os semi- ge naked leaves strap-shaped, + oe
acu’tum,
Jatera‘le,
tar-like whirl . Dicks, Dicks. 4. 4. a. b,
Shoots Epcot Starglike at the end. Leaves expanding, a little bowed bac e ends ; somewhat whirled. Fria age naked, id a the beak somewhat oblique ; as long as the i
spiibodi in the Highlands. Br, Capsules roundish : shoots branched, pointed : leaves uae upright.
Dill. 47, 34. Slender, 7 a high, branches 2 or 3, sometimes mores
Leaves dark green, hairy, sharp-pointed. Frait-stalks short, when young at de: Veil brownish. Capsules short, roundish, Oist situations the capsules are r. ther
fragile. Se GrirFitH,
Sno and mountains ee Uifanberris, Ditt, On Ben aed, Sndiites oF Ti ighland mountains. Licurr. icrib y Ddeseil. Mr. Grirrita. |
Ang. —May, Ditt,—Oct.—June. LicxtF.
Br. Capsules nearly gol, aruda pleayen bristle-shap- ed, pointing one way. Licut
Hedw. stirp. ii, 40—Hall, enum, 3. 8. at p. 109, hist. 46. 8;
at iii. p. 56~Heall. it. helo. ii. 1, 2. in opuse. p. 300-Fl. a0 ks 1; and 538, 3.
Stems fts, from 1 to 3 inches high; almost up- right, arplish ra Nittle branched ; covered at the base with fox- coloured wool. Leaves numerous, very green, bristle-shapeds soft, long, Prait-stalie upright, short, purple. Veil conical, — pale, deciduous. Capsules fringed, tawny. Lid co onical,
very short, tawny. Huns. Male and female flowers in the same involucruit, Fruit-stalks i stiff, but ben ee by mys
but
growth of the new shoot makes it appear er Outer fringe
of 16 teeth. Bartramia Halleriana. Hedw In the B. po- miforme, the leaves ee more equally tapering and the fruit- stalks are longer,
cpg eee
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCTI. Bryum. (B. 4. 8) 807 [On the banks of the river Isla, Angus-shire. Mr. ; :
Brown 5 who assures me that it was first discovered in Scotland by De Walker on Hartfell mountain near Moffat.. Boggy ground on the ascent to Crib y Ddeseil, from Llanberris. About Llyn | Idwell, in + ascent. to Twill dii, in great abundance. June. Mr, Grirritu. } P, May—Sepr.
B. Capsules on fruit-stalks, UPRIGHT. (4) Stems upright. b, Capsules egg-shaped.
Br. Capsules egg-oblong: lid taper-pointed : veil reaching cirrha’tum, ut half way: shoots branched: leaves strap-spear- shaped, mid-ribbed, aie! Vaill. 24. 8—F/, dan. 538. 4,
Grows in large dense patches. Fruit-stalks from one half to one inch, the young ones terminating, the older from the forks of the branches. Lid reddish, pointe’. ey slender, readily falling off, Mouth with a short fringe. W
Mnium cirrhatum. Bot. Arr. ed. it and Gmelin doubts whe-
wi
not distinct from the Br. viridulum, and observes that the Br.
viridulum at chi foot of ‘hi ‘hill gradually changed in the guar the ascent until it became Br. cirrhatum, Woods, mou
ous heaths, walls, and hedge banks. . March: uly.
Br. Capsules egg-oblong, toothed: shoots nearly upright: lanceola'tum. leayes spear-shaped, concave, taper-pointed. Hedw. stirp. ii. 23.
Stem upright, 3 or 4 lines high, rarely branched. Leaves, the lower ones smaller than those above. Li enerall bent. Veil pale green to eney upright, splitting at the side.
Oy see: Hedwig. Dry heaths. Hedge banks about Cro Spring and Autumn. P.
Br. Saples cylindrical, bearded : — — spear- linoi‘des shaped, rounded but pointed. Dic Dicks, iii. 8. 3. Shoot upright, simple. Leaves expanding, pointed by the projecting of che badirib. Fringe twisted. Veil cad, twice the length of the capsule. Pastures in Scotland. Dicks,
808
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4. 3)
sels sap Br. Capsules egg-oblong, toothed: shoots very muc br anehes ve 8
canes’cens.
Var branched,
h eaves crowded, spear-shaped; curled when ae stirp. ii, 31—Dill. 48, 41.
Resembles the Br. cirrhatum so much that they are not to be distinguished without maceration. That however is a more slender plant, has fewer fruit-stalks, and the capsules are paler. Dit.
Br. cirrhatum. 6 Wuds. Mn. cirrbatum. Bot. arr. ed. ii. Fissidens Nall 2 Hedw. Hypz. sa i Gmelin. Syst. ms On igen [ About Lanberris. Mr. GrirrirH Autu
mentions a var. with much sillier leaves, it is the Be, Be oni y Huds
Br. Capsules egy-oblong: leaves crowded, spear-shaped, bent back, white haired at the ends. Hedw. stirp, iti. 3-Vaill, 26. 14—Dill, 47. 27. D. Ew F. Stem upright when young, afterwards declining, and sending out a few branches of various lengths. Leaves spear-shaped, keeled, wee to when dry. Frurt-stalk straight, aot an inch
in height. Capsule oblong-egg-sha d. Lid a slender cone. .
ae fringed with 16 long hair-like teeth, divided down to
base. Veil slcpdet, long, ragged at the bottom. Fruit. stalls lateral. Hepw
- Bryum hypnoides B Fi. Suec. Trichostomum canescens. Hedwe stirp. ili. p. 5. Differs from the B. hypnoides 8 its upright stem, its leaves being very aehiey serrated only at the ends, and in its longer fruitstalk. Hep hen conte as grow~ ing, Pilato green, when dry woolly: tan the number of hairs
ich terminate the leaves. Dit.
amet’ in dry, hi igh, barren, sandy places. Blackheath,
Woolwich, Hampstead, Enfield Chace, and eae d heath. Dit. b, March. P,
Var. 2. Shoots simple, or but little eee
- Dill, 47627 6.Ae B: Ci
About 1} inch high. Frait-sta/k lateral. Capsules sprigs ofp spline: Leaves spear-shaped, slender, keeled, hair~ pointed; hairs grey and bent loans when d
cimen from Mr. Griffith, accompanied by others of @
tunted growth, on 7 rocks, not + inch high, and very y mach
ccowrdiid with leave
fe de Lede spear-awl-shaped, mid-ribbed; shoots Dill.'47. 29.
This was considered by Mr. Hudson as a var. of the hyp- noides, but though the shortness of the fruit-stalks Ecos that
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4. 0)
opinion, the leaves being equally o not bundled, and the want of trailing shoots, induce or the present to place it here, not — ever without a Satenttice to believe that it is a distinct specie
re hyp ea v Huds. On some stones forming a yer wall upon the summit of Snowdon August.
$09
Br. Capsules egg-cylindrical, with a fringed ring: leaves ericeto’rum. 5,
strap-spear-shaped, twisted when dry. Dicks. ii. Dill, 45. 13. es pellucid, not hair-pointed, keeled, standing out, son eet Capsules slender, nearly cylin rical. Fruit-stalks pale brown, } 2 an ne long. Veil and fid deciduous. Ditty. Shoots terminated b Turfy pag Scotland.
Br, Capsules urn-shaped : fruit-stalks axillary: leaves cesti‘vum,
spear-awl-shaped, without a mid-rib, doubled to- gether.
*
Dill. 47. 536. This Moss adheres together when sgl as it ‘doubtlees does when wet, like a Conferva; and when dry preserves its beau-
tiful blue green colour. It consists ve thread-like shoots crowded with very slender leaves, but ped in water so that the shoots may sane they appear but little branched and the
leaves seem less n merous. Driks In some specimens now be-
long. Plant 14 inch high. Leaves not a Sea deol but Pin de slender without a mid-rib, doubled together. of Huds. is Br. capillaceum, lexcluding the
synon. of Dill, 47. 39, = is Br. brevifolium. Marshy places. Ricuarpson in Dill. 37
Br. a -ege-oblong, fringed: shoots branched : leaves strap-shaped, keeled, rather curled whien Drees:
dry. Dick. 707s Shoot Branched branches expanding, nearly of | height, Leaves upright, scattered, strap-shaped, keeled, dark green, those at the end Cane a star; curled when dry Caps. yel-
a nder, strap-spear-shaped, with a mid-rib hig wate "ieigth.
Fruit-stalk hardly 4 inch high. On rotten wood and decayed trunks of trees. *[On a moist
| if
Dickso’ni.
810
trifa’rium,
cris’pum.
vagina’le,
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI. Bryum. (C. 4. d)
rock by the petrifying spring in Garn Dingle near Denbigh, Wet rocks of Crib y Ddeseil. Mr. Grirritu. |
pac — egs-oblong: mouth bearded: shoots sel- m_ branched:
ta Paces S. Hedw». stirp, ii. 28.
Scarcely } inch high, unbranched, upright. Loawer leaves smaller, colourless ; upper ones larger, ses at the base and keeled, awl-shaped at the end, pointing 3 w Swartzia tri- faria. Hedwig. mies egg-cylindrical, Lid conical, bent.
Barren hills, Dicks
Br. Copanles egg-shaped: fruit-stalks thicker at the top: lea trap-shaped, broadest at the base, crowded, eared w r
Hedw. stirp. ii. sect 55. 11—Pet. mus. f. a5-Vaill, or. 9. In dense tufts, so close, cies the under parts decay. About 1inch high, branched. Barr, az flowers in the bosom of the leaves. Sheath cee Fruit-st aii ting, short, straightish, thickening at the ge *° as to coincide with the pear-shaped cap- sule. Capsule from above circumstance appearing pear- te but it fe aoe, plobular ¢ egg-s . Lid with a straight
Outer fringe 8 teeth, each of which at leslie: salts into two. his discovery may ome to account for the variable number of
TH. Bryum striatum. & Linn, Syst. pl. rthotrichum crispum. Hedw. 'Tranks of trees. Woods neat Southgate in Middlesex [Not common. Near Bungay» Suff. im TONE. ] Flowers in spring. Capsules ripe in May °. une, ,
Br, mas egg-shaped, toothed: shoots rather serpen- tine: leaves hair-like but sheathing at the base, DICKS: Hedw, stirp. ii. 33. Near 3 inch high, rather waved, upright. Leaves serpen- tine, mostly poneg one way. Beak slender, straight. Dicra- num crispum. Hedwig. ran urn-shaped.
Bogs in Scotland, Di¢ P,
leaves spear-awl-shaped, expand-
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCTI. Bryum. (B. 4. c)
Br. Capsules egg-oblong, with a ring, fringed: leaves pointing one way, strap-awl-shaped, stiff. Dicks, Hedzw, stirp. 1. 8s Stem upright. Leaves awl-shaped, but broad and sheathing at “ei Pit rigid, not curling up when dry. volucrum sheath, t-sta/k terminating, always longer than the stem, nearly och Fel haga sie upright, Lida bluntcone, Fringe sin- Bic
"Weisia ‘cntoiialli Hedwig. seas and sandy Bettie
Bik Wei’si.
Br. Capes inversely-egg-shaped, toothed: receptacle splachnoi‘des
ish; leaves strap-bristle-shaped. Dicks. ii, 5. F, 7. dan. 538. 2. _ Leaves numerous, upright, open, some bowed back. Recept. small, hunched, beneath the capsule. Dic On rocks on Ben Nevis, Scotland,
Br. Capsules egg-shaped us rita short: leaves stiff, hair-like, crowded. Fi. amy 538. 1, Full 3 inch high. Capsules but little raised above the foliage. Beak agen slanting. on Ben Nevis. Dices,
Br. Capsules egg-shaped, madich naked: shoots branched: leaves — rather bent outwards, in distinct ‘bundles. Dick
Ha: stirp. ii. 246 Grows in dense tufts. Beak of the lid crooked. Veil —_ splitting 7 she ide. Fringe none, Hepwic. From 4 nch high ; repeatedly branched. rymmostomum curvirestrum. » Hennes On rocks on a Jand mountains, Scotland. Dic P.
B. Capsules on Saeks UPRIGHT. (4) Stems upright. c. Capsules oblong. Br. Capsules cylindrical, eg a upright: leaves spear-shaped, alternate. Dill. 48.
ie first slender and not branched, fruit-stalks terminatin hen older becoming branched, and fruit-stalks from the “ae
hyperbo’~"
reum.
fascicula’=
tum,
ten’ue.
g12 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI, Bryum. (B. 4, 0)’
of the branches ; reddish, short, slender. Leaves few, narrow. Br. purpureum 8 ma Mn. purpur. 8 Bot. arr. ed.
eaths ; loose sandy okt gravelly soil, March,
recurviros’- Br. Capsules oblong, — beak bent: leaves spears t shaped, tiled, expanding. : Hedw. stirp. i. 7-Dill, 48. 45. Stem upright, not branched, about $ inch high. Frait-stalk upright, generally terminating the old stem. ei? long, conical, ked. Lid convex, beak straight whilst under the veil, after- eee’ coach but in a direction opposite to the bend of the veil. Hepwic. Stem sometimes branched. (see fig. Dill.) Leaves very decks, Samet upper ones the longest. Frait-stalks red, a inch high, or better. Capsules and lid red. Dir. 21$1a recurvirostra. edwi rYuUm curvirostrum. Dic ks. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. Woods in esta places. Sandy stony places, P. Aug.
interwoven with the grass.
barba’tum. Br. Capsules oblong, slender; lid taper-pointed, slanting; ruit-stalks lateral: leaves spear-shaped, acute, the upper ones expandin Curt. 274-Dill. 48. 48. Grows in tufts, tan inch high, somewhat branched. Leaves _ spear-shaped, pointed. Fruit-stalks } inch or more fromthe
Pi Dec.—Feb.
imber’be, Br. Capsules oblong; beak eri leaves slender speat- shaped, keeled, “bent outs wards Dill, 48. 46. Fruit-stalks upright, solitary, terminating and lateral, 3 inch ‘ long. Capsules eyhnaae 1 line long, deep saffron coloured, blackish at the base. Weprr. Ftp e long. Hatter. Notan inch high, upright, unbranched at owes but every yor, sending out branches after the flowering season. Leaves broad at the base, and keeled. Barren flower terminating. Hrowic. Grows in — tufts. Stems slender, 4 to 1 inch high, dividing into ae 2 Leaves very slender, pale green, upper leaves bent ac Sandy ae ditch banks, and walls, [ Bungay, Suffolk. Mr,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4.0) 113
” Stone. By the rivulet in Garn Diag Mr. Grirrits.] Wine . ter. Dit A. March, April. Hups,
Br. Capsules oblong; lid taper-pointed, slanting: leaves unguicula’. trap-spear-shaped, keeled. Hup Dicks. bh. s.-Dill. 48. 47 lat il. 25 9. Shoots 5 spd patches about ¢ z an inch high; sometimes
branched. Leaves open, near a line in length and 4 in breadth. Fruit-stalks rebidinasing: Veil a — but way down the capsule. Potticn s green, keeled, opake.
Capsules oblong, thickest at "he ite ph -§ changing to brown,
LL “Walls and werd places. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Srone Clay walls. Hep A. March, die
Br. .Capsules cylindrical; lid beaked: shoots branched: tortuo’sum, eaves spear-strap-shaped, serrated, waved, curled when dry, Dill, 48. 40-Hall, enum, 4.2, at p. 118; bist. 45. 2, at iis p-41-Fl, dan, 880,1.-Scheuch. tt. 11. 19. 5-Pet. gaz,
65,738 8. Grows in dense crisp patches. Shoots et adhering toge- ther. Leaves a line or 13 ine ong. t-stalks from the
roo Ww Veil slender, pale green, changing to brown. Capsules nut-co-
en ripe. Diu. Heaths, rocks on mountains, and woods. [Ona cai hill, halfa mile is Garn, called Coed Mowr. Mr. Grirrir P, Aug.— Rice:
Br, rtlgen cylindsical, fringed: shoots mostly sim- flaves’cens. : leaves spear-strap-shaped, keeled. Dicks.
4 Dicks. 4. 5. a. b—Scop. 62. 1305. af iis p. 321.
Shoots nearly upright. Leaves between upright and open, yellowish, the points when dry twisted. Dicxs, Grows in broad patches. Leaves 2 lines long, 1-3d ofa line broad. Frwit-stalks’ 1 inch long, saffron-coloured. eae slender, long, Ferd re at the top, near 2 lines long. Sco
Bogs in the Highlands. .
B14 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (B. 4. c)
brevifollium. Br. Capsules oblong, tapering, imperfectly fringed: heaves crowded, strap-shaped, keeled. Dicks. il. 4._ Dill. 47. 39% Slender, but little branched. Leaves dark gréen, very nar- row and short. Frwit-stalks terminating the new shoots, short. Capsules Pega sc small, dark brown.. Dinu, Bogs in Yorkshire and in Scotland.
flagella’re, Bri on eich cylindrical, toothed: shoots branched, aved: leaves awl-shaped, channeled, pointing one ae ICKS. Hed stirp. tli. 14 erat steele very slender. Caps. cylindrical, upright. Lid es tees l-shaped, bent. Veil splitting at the side, whitish, de- ciduo
_Disranwn fagellare. Hedwig.—On Ben Nevis, gery
sapilla’ceum. Br. Capsules oblong: leaves in 2 “ bristle-shaped, omewhat sheathing at the bas Hedw. stirp. ii. 26-Fl. dan. 1060, 1 1-Dickss 1. 6-Hall, enim. ly at ps Ae hist. i 1, at rt p. Als
its as and from B. fexuwasum in rt fruit-stalks slender, quite straight, and not zigzag, and in the smallness of its cap- sules, Dicks, Svem undivided, upright, 3 an inch high. Leaves in 2 rows, alternate. Barren and fertile flowers together, t i. ating. Fruit-stales + to 1 inch long. Veil opening at the side. Copies cylindrical. Ba short, conted, Mouth, fringe single, teeth in pairs. Hepw. Sza/ks compressed, jointed. Mr. Grif- FITH. Swartzia capillacea. Hedw. B. estivum. Huds. 485; but not Dill. 47. 35. On rocks and moist mountainous situations. On Ingleborough, hey 26 Hupson. About Ll apbertite. =“ Davies. Mars laces in oe situations. bee in the ascent to Crib y Ddeseil. Mr. GrirrirH. Spinks rove. Brome near Bungay. Mr. Srone.] r. 2. Leaves more crowded, shorter, roughish : capsules
di ‘iia Not above half the height + “e preceding. It assumes this habit when growing on rocks, ry situ uations, but still it
preserves the jointed stalk, srhich is is an aeRO: criterion of this species. Mr. Grirrit : but w ich s o have escaped the notice of Hedwig. Maceration in aie -rentile these joints vis sible in a dried plant,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (C. 1) S13
{On the rocks above Cwm. Ffynnon felen, near Llanberris “abundantly, Mr, GrirritH. | P, Apr.—June.
C. Capsules on fruit-stalks, LEANING. (1) Stems none, or very short and unbranched. Br. Capsules cylindrical; lid conical, acute: shoot verysubula’tum, short, un ranched: leaves egg-shaped, bluntish, Curt. 214-Fl. dan. 1000. 2-Vaill. 25. 8=Dill. 45, a Buxb. i. 63.2; ii. 2. 3 and 4 Grows crowded together; but little branched, eetiinattng in roses. Capsules cylindrical, slender, 3 or 4 line long, be. coming crooked when dry, ripe in summer. Leaves pellucid, pale green, with or without hairs. Wets and Dit. Plant rom 3 to 5 lines high. Frait-stalks sometimes in pairs. Veil permanent, Scor. nearly as long as n capsule. Fruit-stalks ter- minating, from 7 to 1 inch long. Capsule lid very long; the teeth twisted together when old into an oblong shape with a
Moist banks, woods, roofs, and walls, P. Jan.—May.
Br. Capsule long and apaung at the base: shoot upright: elonga’tum, eaves strap-spear-s Hedw. stirp. i. 36. Hardly an inch high, upright. Barren and fertile flowers terminating, “but on different plants, Fruit-sta/k straight, up. right, but a little bent at the top by. the weight of the capsule. Capsule oblong, leaning, me lower pe a cellular substance, not
containing seeds. 3 “© ex, beak short. Mouth with a double fringe, 16 teeth in each. roi Serate. Hed Woods near Loch Dee: Sontanls On Ben Lawers, ice ‘with Br, Zierii, Mr.R Ma ete
Br, C Picn ae a little leaning, toothed: shoots upright, par’vulum. short: leaves hair-like, “upright, rigid. Dick Hedaw. stirp. ii. 29. B. Grows in patches. Scarcely a line in height. Leaves concave a dilated at the base, fine green, without a mid-rib. Frait- stalk yellow cr Caps. egg-shaped. Beak long, slanting, reddish at the bas _ Dicranum guisillaet Hedwig. Pastures in Scotland. Dicks. Aug. P.
B, Capsules on fruit-stalks, teEANING. (2) Stems upright.
516 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (C. 9)
strumife/rum. Br. Kapsules nearly upright, pear-shaped ; toothed: re- ptacle crooked : leaves strap-spear-shaped, mostly : Sei one way.
Hedaw. stirp. ii. 32 d Caps. scored at the mouth, ii ted, igs pe with
an irregular knob at the base. Beak bent, fine red at Fissidens strumifer. Hedwig. Hypn. crams, Gmel. sythe
weg. Boggy meadows in Scotland, Dic
nched: leaves iP Set ei expanding,
| fal’lax. ‘ Br. Capsules oblong, mouth bearded: shoots somewhat | bra
ont outwards. Dic |
Hedw. stirp. 1. 2A
Different from the Br. imberbe, which has the leaves straps awl-shaped and straight, and the beak of the lid conical. Bar-> bula fallax. Hepwic. but not his synonyms. Ducks. 4 inch high. Leaves curled when dry. Lid slender, nearly cy-
lindrical, not quite straight.
In Scotland, and in Yorkshire.
crispa’tum. Br. a fringed, shoots branched: leaves strap- | , channeled, cur Dicks. Vet The size of Br. virens. Shoots it be Leaves up 4 ee age curled, a little toothed. Ca/. slightly contracte middle, scored when dry. Dickson. Capsules Pig
longifolium. Br. Capsules oblong, toothed : shoots elongated, rather eaning,. sometimes branched : leaves hair-likes pomting one way. Dicks. | Hed-w. stirp. itis 9. B high 0 of more, growing shoot upon shoot ; delicate,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCTI. Bryum. (C. 2)
817
Br, Capsules oblong, slender : fruit-stalks twisted : leaves flexuo'sum. bristle-shaped.
Dicks. b. +=Dill, 47. 33. A. B.C. DE.
_Treland. Rocks about Lianberris. Dinu. PP. April—June. Var. 2. Smaller and shorter. :
Dill. 47. 33. F. G. :
_ About an inch high, but little branched, slender, thicker up-
awards. Leaves hair-like, yellow green. Fruit-stalks green, turn-
ing, yellowish, variously bent and twisted. Capsu/es oblong,
slender. Lid pointed, red. Veil whitish. Sometimes 2 or 3
observed it particularly brittle in its dried state. Mr. Grirriru. {About Llyn Aled, Denbighshire. Mr. Gairrirx. ] Var. 3. Very tall, not bearing capsules. Dill. 32. 34 [Cwm Idwell, near Twll di, Caernarvonshite. Mr. Grrr- FitH.| Sphagnum alpinam. Linn.
uxuriant. { Thus the Polyttich commune, on the quaking bogs of Delamer Forest, often grows to the length of 3 of a yard, but in that state it never bears fruit. Mr. Gairritx.
the left to the right. Mr. GrirFiTH.
Br. Capsules nearly upright, somewhat globular : shoots tetrago ‘num,
4-cornered, the younger tendril-like: leaves pressed to, strap-awl-shaped. Dicks. 11. 8. Dichss 4. 9. a. &, Vou. IIT, 3H
818
Davie’ sii.
inclina“tum.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCTI. ae ‘i 2)
up ne pmewlat blige, moe con neracted. Fringe with a ring. Dicks. The fringe is without doubt s mple. The young slender zigzag shoots figured and so min ately described by Mr. Dickson are only produced when the plant i is placed in a moist and somewhat situation secluded from light and air, neither are they peculiar to this. species, for I have
these are produced, I have farther ey hao ae invariably point in that direction from whence the very small portion of light or air entered, as_to os a the "pocudedl box w the experiment was made in
Ben Lomond, Scotland. f Alsoré on Malghyrdy Benteskerney, Ben-Lawers, Lochain y Gar, and in great abundance on Craig Cailleach; on the bare ground; never found but at — heights. Mr, Brown, | P. July—Oct.
Br. Capsules eg ge-ehiaped, lopped, toothed ; shoots branch- : leaves crowded, strap-shaped, curled when dry;
ICKS
Dicks. 7. 6.
Shoots nearly upright, branched, crowded with leaves. Leaves brown yellow when dry. Fruit-stalk terminating, short. Capsule “real ellow. Fringe, teeth short, bent inwards. id with a ay est crooked beak. Veil distended, ragge ed at the
bottom. Dic Tiioveee by Mr. Davies on the mountains of Wales.
Br. — ege- tran hiss leaves help te ae ing, sheathing. Dick ” Hedaw. stirp. ii. 27. About 1 inch high, unbranched, upright. Leaves alternate, pointing 2 2 ways. i. Swartzia inclinata. Hedwig. Turf bogs in Some
Dicks, {And N, of Ireland, not uncommon. Mr. Bro P. Ju soe AUS?
biparti‘tum. Br, Capsules egg-oblong, somewhat slanting, finely
toothed : shoots cloven : ong sic tel acute, keeled, tiled, open, Dicks. 1 Dilf. 49, SU,
ae. et LRN fice
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI. Bryum. (C, 2)
Branches and fruit-stalks in.pairs. Capsules oblong, brown. ish. Ld short. . ‘eil slender, pointed. Leaves narrow, keeled,
dark green. Dit Hedges in pate walls and ditch banks, common. Feb. March.
Br. Coyne Puna lids conical, acute: shoot bra reflected, inversely egg-shaped, blunt, a a vite
Hedew, hist. i. 6. 28 to 32-Dill. 45, 12-Vaill. 25. 3-H, ox. xv. 6. row 3. 1, and row 4, 2-Buxb. v. 44: 1.
Branched, 1 or 2 inches high, stellated at the ends. Leaves
numerous, broad-spear-shaped, pointed. ruit-stalks an inch
Grows in dense and elevated tufts. Svems upright, branched, 1 to 2 inches high. Leaves crowded, standing open, fine yel- lowish green when wet, but dull greyish and brownish in dry ‘seasons. Ditt Roofs oth thatched and tiled, walls and wee of trees, P. Dec.—April.*
Br. Ce cylindrical : lids taper-pointed : fruit-stalks nating: shoot branched, upright: leaves spear- ag rather expanding. ewes 50. 1-F/, dan. 229—Happ. tie Mninms 5~Dill. 31.1 7aill. 29, 6—Mich. 59.8. H. K. e.—Neck. meth, 1, 4- The 0%. XV. 7. TOW 2. 20,
LL am Androgynum, — ig heaths, and walls. ist sandy woods, dry shady banks by the
Root “oft trees in
sides * heaths, Crib j y Dadeseil. Mr. Grirrira. A. March, Apr.
Br.. Capsules nearly upright ; oblong: fruit-stalks mostly solitary: leaves spear-shaped ; keeled; waved; ex- panding ; serrated,
When this takes to grow upon thatched bnildings so as a the thatch, instead of lasting but about ten years it will endure for age
3'H 2
219
rura’le.
andro'gynum
undula’tum
linea’re,
car’neum,
GRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (D. 1)
Dicks. h. s.-Curt.-Hedw. stirp. 1. 16-Dill. 46, 18-Vaill, 26. 17-H. ox. XV. 7, row Ist, 9.
Stem 1 to 3 inches, upright, unbra neers Leaves, the upper ones largest, viz. 2 or 3 s long, and 1 broad. Fruit-sta 1 terminating, upright, 1 to . seishies ihe 3 sometimes 2 toge Capsules Srclen’ sar nt. Lid sharp
Capsules ainda ie convex; heal very an
Ehies of 32 teeth; single. Hepwic. Stem in part buried in the ground. Ledities deep a thin, pellucid, very finely ser- rated, soon curling up when the plant is gathered. Drut. pees strongly midribbed, serrated and waved at the edge. It
much of the habit of a Polytrich
Bub avihed undulatum. Hedwig Shady “ee woods about the roots of trees, a and heaths. Aug.—Feb. P.
Br. Capsules nearly upright, oblong, fringed : shoots io
right, unbranched : leave 3 strap-spear-shaped, tiled but expanding. Dicks. Dicks. iil. Ss 2.
In crowded patches. Leaves green, yellow. Fruit-stalk terminating, much thicker u Maree Caps. brown. Fringe Jong, red. Beak slanting,
Wet sandy banks in the sestth of Scotland. Dickson.
D. Capsules on fruit-stalks, pROOPING. (1) Stem none, or very short and unbranched. Br. Capsules somewhat globular; leaves alternate, acute.
| Heda. stirp. 1. 20-E. bot. 360-Dill. 50. 69-Buxb. it. 2» 5, and G—Hall, enum. 4. ©. at p. 118. bist. 45.6, at ils
pe 41. Shoots eS: or in tufts, dividing into several branches 4 or 5 lines long. Leaves 4 or 1 line Jong, 2a line
broad, not hairy at Fhe end, very entire. Fruitst. terminating the shoots and the branches, 3 or 4 lines long. Capsules roundish, eegsheped. Ring none. Lid omic bluntish. Veil smooth,
eaching but half way down. Poxxr
Bryum delicatulum. Hedwig. Mois oist t watery places and pas- tures. [Wet drains near the — Ditchingham, Norfolk. Mr aly Summer. Ditt.—March, April. Hups.
Var. 2. Capsules green, sales and fruit-stalks longete R. Syn, p. 102. n. 52.
Dill. 50. 69, G,
Yorkshire. Mr, Ricnarpson,
poten ie wink
| |
Se
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (D. 1) »
821°
Bn. Capsules toundish: leaves bristle-shaped. Dicks. ii.7. recurva’tum.
Hed. stirp. 1.38-Facq. Mise. ii. 12, Original stem hardly ¢ a line in height ; Kix —aee when
shen old and a Capsule; r-s —— Lid convex, beak slender, crooked. Frizge sin ra 16 teeth. Veil splitting at the side, bent like che beak of the lid. rimmia recurvata. Hedwig. Barren i places. -Cal. Careous rocks, ing — Autumn,
Br. rates pear-shaped; lid conical: shoot but little minioi‘des,
anched: leaves strap-shap E. Pe 389-Dill, 50. 60—Hedw. stirp. 1. 3—Hall. enum. 4.7, at p. 118, hist. 45.7. at ili. p. 41. In this and in the Mn. crudum, the stem is half as long as the fruit-stalk. Beautifully shining. prot of a greenish ta
e W stalks serpentine, pale red to golden cores Capsules peat. shaped, green, changing to yellow red. Dit. Bryum aureum. Huds. Webera pyri Sorte Hedwig. Muium hen Bot. arr. ed. ii- Rocks in Nottingham Park. rs Mountain, in the road between Bala and Llangunnry, and oa | Scpwedal. Mr. Woop. P. March—June, [and July. Mr. Woop.} Var. 2. Capsules egg-cylindrical. A. ox. xv. 6. fe 20. This plant has ue ie of the Br. hypnoides, and the cap- sules the Br. The stru cture, however, of the png, shat with rhe’ ‘Soni er. It varies much in size, the rom a ink, -_ the fruit-stalks from 1 to two inches. pecim «Griffith, who found it on ,turbarics beer Sia ‘Aled, Denbighshife ; also about Llanberris, Dillen. in Hist. Musc. inadvertently refers the above figure to his own 54. 725 but it is very different from that, and are may prove a distinct species,
»
Br, apiEie egg-shaped : shoots cylindrical, tiled, smooth: argen’teumy ed
es egg-spear-shaped, hair-poin Dill. 50. 62-Curt, 166-F/. dan. 880, 2-Vaill. 26. 3-H. ex, xv. 6. row the lasty 17.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (D. 1)
Grows in patches, about 2 an inch high, dividing into cylin-
drical shoots 2 or 3 lines long. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, ending in hairs, but so pressed to the stem as hardly to be discernible to
the naked eye. Frait-stalks from the base of the — near %
aninch high. Capsules Bg shaped, upright when green, pens dent when ripe. Lid short, blunt.» Mouth fringed. Veil deci- uous. Weis. In autumn and eaily i in winter green, afterwards
7 shining, silvery white, especially when dry, which circumstance
Zie’rii.
geri’ceum,
one is sufficient to distinguish it from all other mosses, Din. Sunny banks, walls, roofs, and rocks. P, Oct.—Feb. Var. 2. Shoots greener. Leaves not hairy. Dill, 50. 63. Pale or darker a sometimes shining. Leaves sontes than in (1.) not hairy. Cafsu/e, mouth: not fringed.
"On the erav el walks of the Oxford Physic Garden. Dit. Jan.—March.
Br. Capsules club-shaped, long: shoots cylindrical: root- ves expanding, longer than the stern-leaves. Dicks. il. 8. Dicks. 4. 10. Shoots fienple, Upright, pointed, of a flesh-coloured whitish
en tow end. Leaves closely tiled, pressed toy = =e ; pel ribless, transparent, the ends when io re-
on a enickat fruit-stalk, in the dry plant hoe very much elongated and . tapes ¥ the base, the surface somewhat granulated. Fring wath ate y teeth. ‘Lid short, pyramidal. Veil not chest Se
st banks in the Highlands. Near pperieldy [Crib y Dideseil, arctan October. Mr. Garirritu. |
Br. Capsules cylindrical ; lids menser: dogyer-pinted shoot simple : leaves egg-spea r-shaped, ¢ closing. Hedaw. hist. i. 4. 16 to 19~Dill. 50. G1—Hedaw. stirp. 1. 40 About 2 an inch high. Stamens and pistils in the same flow- er. Fruit-stalk from 1 to 2 inches hi igh. Capsules pendent, but ~ discharging their seeds upright. Lid convex, beak very nge double, each of 16 teeth. peor Stems hl Lower "leaves few, shrivelled, brown. Upper. Je eayes fine pale green. Plants without capsules, taller. ebera nutans. Hedwig. Bryum sericeum, Habe, and Bot.
5
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum. (D. 2) 523
«ed. ii. Woolwich Heath, and Snowdon, about Mira on on Ingleborough, and other places in Yorkshire. [Clogwdn Garnedd, and Crib y Ddeseil, Caernarvonshire. Mr. Cegats}
P.M. March e
—July D. Capsules on fruit-stalks, pRoopinc. (2) Stems upright. Br. Capsules egg-shaped, toothed: shoots in pundles nigri‘tum. leaves spear~shaped, keeled, acute. Dick Hedw, stirp. ii. 39. Plant black green. Fruit-stalk black red. Caps, shining,
black, brittle. Lid convex, with a small point. Weisia nigrita, Hedwig. Boggy heaths, Scotland. Dicxs. P.
Br. Capes roundish ; veils minute: shoot branched : ‘pulvina'tum. es oblong, mid- ribbed, hair-pointed. Dill. 50. 05—Happ. iii, Brym 1—Vaill, 29. 2-Pet. gax. 95, 15—H. ox. xv. Gy row the last, 21. p. 629.
Grows ina tuft or round cushion, Fruit-stalks green, short, bowed down, so that the capsule presses upon the leaves. Caps, egg-shaped. Verl Epis thin, very short, barely covering the lid. Lid taper-pointed. Linn. # swec. n. 993, under B. murale. Fruit.
age ; but in some stages of growth they are uprig ck. In circular convex dense patches, about ¢ inch high. Leaves, lower ones brown and without hairs. Frwit-sta/ks terminating,
very short, at first upright, but as ‘the capsule ripens bending mon Mouth toothed. Veil deciduous. Lid short, pointed.
“Walls and roofs ; the most common of all the ——— arch, April. Var. 2. Capsules shorter and rounder : plant pars with hoary hairs, imens sent by Mr. Griffith. The sppet mest leaves end- ing in very white hairs, as long or longer than themselves.
Br. once club-shaped, oblong: shoots and fruit- cubita’le. : leaves arrow-shaped, nails bongeae d. eh il. 9. Dicks, 5. 2 The largest of all the Bryums. Shoots somewhat branched, rather recumbent at the base. Leaves expariding, taper-pointed, with a thick mid-rib and reddish edge, Fruit-stalk terminating,
824 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Bryum.
ss 2)
root, often 3
inches tee Fruist. 2 to 3 inches long. Mr. Grirritu. Leaves
On the moist banks in the Scotch noapiion near Aberfeldy.
[On wet brows by pr sides of rivulets in the neighb
Snowdon; M cifically intent fick the Br, alpinum,
*
ourhood of
FITH, who considers this plant as not spe-
alp’num. Br. pote pa cynical: fruit-stalk axillary: shoots
anched: leaves tiled, spear-shaped, pnt, keeled,
Dill, 50. 64.
mid-ribbed,
Grows densely compacted ; yong branched ; branches ir- regular in length. Leaves very numerous, oblong, keeled, straight, acute; opake, smooth, annie purplish green, but in
old plants dark purple below, dark red above. Barren b
taper at the end, those with. fruit-stalks broader.
ranches Fruit-stalks
an inch high, dark red purple, issuing from a large purple tus. bercle. Verl / ish, Dun. Leones pressed to when dry.
GrirritH, ‘The younger ones
ocks covered with a thin layer a ‘earth in in the ruins old castle near a Dit. [Also by the side of Liya
inds of moss. As figured by Dill. 50. 64, C; 0
margina'tum. Br. Gages egg-oylindrical; lid beaked: ear-shap
sp Dicxs Dickss 541, a 8,
pr. im une,
leaves egg-
pointed, fipely toothed, bordered.
ths mostly simple, Leaves, teeth remote, the midrib and edge red and thick. Fruit-stalks solitary. Caps, half egg-
shaped. Lidconical, Veil awl-shaped. Dscxs. Fasttives, Scotland,
| HYP'NUM. Fruit-stalk from a lateral tubercle, fenced with scales: capsule outer fringe with th.
16 teet
Matz a bud, generally on a different plant,
i Tain canadien
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnums (A. 1) 895
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE HYPNUMS, |
A, (1) Unbranched, winged with leaves : Pe upright,
(2) Unbranched, winged with leaves: capsules leaning,
(3) Braet wraps winged with leaves: capsules Ee .
(4) snohdts branches winged with leaves: capsules drooping. _B. (1) Branches irregular; leaves irregular: capsules up- right. (2) re irregular; leaves’ irregular; capsules
C. (i) Shoots winged with branches; branch leaves til- ing: capsules upright. (2) Shoots winged with branches; branch. leaves til- ing: capsules Jeaning. : (3) Shoots winged with branches; branch leaves til- ing: capsules drooping. D. (1) Leaves bent back: capsules upright. (2) Leaves bent back: capsules leaning, E. Plant shrub-like: branches in bundles, F, (1) Shoots nearly cylindrical: capsules upright, (2) Shoots nearly cylindrical: capsules leaning. _.(3) Shoots nearly cylindrical: capsules drooping. G. (1) Shoots crowded: capsules upright. (2) Shoots crowded: capsules leaning,
A, ( 1) Plant pealgnched, ae with leaves. Cops. up- right
H. Fruit-stalks terminating; Sm oblong, lid acute: bryoi‘des, leafits spear-shaped, acu Hedw. stirp, iii. 29-E. bot. 625.—Dill.34. 1-Vaill. 24. 13 —Fl. dan. 473. 1-H. ox. xv. 6. row 4. 11-Baxd, i. 64. 3. Very small, but distinguished by its ge edged at the mouth with a "deep red — Linn, ‘The smallest of the ge.
826
upright, ‘ eetiund. Weis. Many. g ing together as if from one root, but each rps has its bees rate, though some~ times 2 or 3 shoots spring from one root. eots not branched,
ort, reclini Leaves eae not pellucid. Capsules small, upright, oblong, green. Veil very small, greenish. Lid scar- = wa ruit-stalks reddish, issuing from near the end of the and without any evident involucrum. Dirt, Mid-rib of
the Teac pellucid Mr. Stack Fissidens brycides. Hedw. Shady places, woods, and ditch banks, A. Feb,—May.
A. (2) Unbranched, winged with leaves. Capsules leaning.
denticula’tum H, Seldom branched : fruit-stalks from the base : capsules
cylindrical : lid blunt: leaves wedge-shaped, acute, in pairs, 2-rowed, Dill. 34. 5-H. ox. xv. 6. row 1. 36-Vaill. 29. 8. Leafts triangularly egg-shaped, hooked. Wesser. Shoots several, dying. n the ground, £ to 14 inch long, seldom branch- ed. Leaves in a double row on each ‘side, = pres olinings
length. Capsules ae itebghe Breres by the veil, ori is of a straw colour ; becoming bent as it approaches to maturity. Lid short. Dit
, and moist shady places on the ground, and on trunks of trees. P. March, April.
asplenioi/des. H. Dey upright: fruit-stalks terminating : capsules
ad cylindrical ; beak bent: leafits spear-shaped,
’ Dicks. b. s. and fase. 5,
Habit that of H. adiantoides, but snes and the fruit-stalk always terminating. Leaves tiled at the base, almost embracing the stem, spear-shaped, bluntish, ees! keeled, the midrib reddish, sometimes rolled in — the ends, Beak slanting, white,
as long as the capsule. Dic
Bogs in the Highlands, men Ben Lomond.
A. (3) Branched; winged with leaves: capsules leaning.
ers H, Leaves oblong, blunt, hollowed on = ee edge :
capsules nearly cylindrical : beak b Dill, ote 8,
sone piano
+t arian,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (A. 3}
Leaves convex above, the ends reflected. Dieu. Leaves ine versely egg-shaped, but somewhat hollowed on the under edge: v at the end, but with a minute point. Fence leaves spear-awl-shaped. Capsules neatly upright.
complanatum. iol rap and Bot. arr. ed, ii, Ditches P...
Hypn. in woods, and” root ts of tr
H, Plant setting branched : fruit-stalks from the side : capsules nearly cylindrical : lid conical, short: leafits _ spear-shaped. Dicks. b. s.—Hedew. re iii. a bot, 264—Dill, 34, 3— Vaill, 28. 5—Buxb.i ‘Two or three inches wie: jest leafits 12 to 16 pair. empeel 1 inch high. Necx. Branched from the base. Leaves inted. Capsules pie, Lid red. Veil as long as cap-
mh Scop. pright, Leaves shining. Fruit- stalks red, ae Peale Eee turning red. Lid > ria pointed. Dr ne Leafits not serrated as mentioned by Lee Mr. et
Fisidens' saieeuube Hedw. Bogs ; moist heaths. fcib y y
Ddescil, and Clo n y Garnedd. c Chiveree: — ‘ P, March, April.
adiantoi des,
H, Plant branched, trailing: fruit-stalks from the side: sylvai‘icum,
leafits acute, Dill. 34. 6. Shoots branched. Branches undivided, few, not eenning- Fruit-stalks lateral. Lids of i capsule pointed, D1 oods at the roots of trees. [Rivelston Wood ae, Edin. hiegt- Dr. Js E. Waist Nekl Bungay, Suffolk. Mr, ee P. April, May.
Hf. Plant flatted, much ta Se capsules egg-shaped : complana’- tum,
lid conical : leaves in @ row ws, tiled, bluntly egg- shaped, doubled pl
Dill. 34.7—Vaill, 23. 4; and 21. 17-H. ox. XV..5. row 26 Sy and row 3.15.
nical . . re r three inches long. #ranches op- Posite, or alternate. Leaves soft, pellucid, etlos shining. Fence scaly, Veil slender, “testi. crooked.
Trunks of tree: P. Match, April.
tum
taxifo’lium.
rotundifo’ lium,
ty‘cens,
ees eae
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (A, 4)
A. (4) Branched, winged with leaves: capsules drooping. — H. Unbranched : fruit-stalks from the base: ior” obs
long ; lid taper-pointed: leafits oblong, ac
= bot. 426-Dill. 34. 2-Vaill. 24. 11-FI. dan. 473. 2.
eafits about 12 pair on each shoot, when young; m the se shoots. Capsules nearly ealindtieal; drooping, bvtiedit at the mouth. Vez? turned up at the end. Leaves spear- sleved, wil a point at the end. Wenser. Shoots several from one root, not branched; dark green. “‘Fende at the base of the shoots, composed of a ‘few scales. Lid scarlet, beak pointed, crooked. Veil pale. Diuu. ; ,
Woods, hedges, and shady banks, . Feb.—May.
H, Branched: fruit-stalks lateral : capsules egg-shaped. Scop. 62. 1333, at ii. p. $21. Shoots slender, hardly 1 inch Jo not numerous. Leaves thinly set. Capsules reddish ; mouth with 2. row x4 of fringe.
Lid with a slender beak. Veil white, chaffy. Sco Woods at the roots of trees, Scotland, [and on. Wall, Scor.]
H. Shoots branched ; branches winged with leafits : fruit-
oe lateral ; capsules drooping : leafits ega-shaped, dot ;
2i8ip bh. s.—Dill. 34. 10-Schmid. 57. 2. iling. Branches SR blunt. Leaves e -shaped h
Tra 44 pois: ted, flat, shining as if we t wit dew. Frait-stalks 1¢ inch ‘long, |
B. (1) Branches irregular: leaves irregular capsules ees: Se
H, Shoots upright : leaves eee sees, ending in long, ts, rather expanding, “coloure Dicks. b. Dicks. 1. 7—Dill. 39. sev 28. 10. Shoots somewhat branched, somewhat tawney at the ba slcerih the end. Leaves Nidan Wwl shaped the ends Rts ing out. Pinte wet few, lateral, nearly an inch long, almost
upright, red, Capsules egg-shaped, but bulging on one sides
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (B. 1) 829
id short, pais distinguishable at first sight from H. euspi. ide, by the leaves at the ends of the stems not being rolled
I Turfy bogs. Retu. #. 1018. aoe wet meadows in Ear. sham, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone
H., Shoot upright, somewhat branched, bent ; leaves tiled, sciuroi‘des. Bereta ee hair-pointed: capsules oblong ; lid
Dill, 41. 54-Faill, 27. 12~Kniph. 6-H. ox. xve 55 row the
lasts 27.
Shoots 2 Se a9 rege sega Involucrum rising half way up the fruit-stalk. creeping, 3 or 4 inches long. Shoots fs 1 to ae ; so 8 pe branched. Leaves
closely tiled, egg-speat-shaped, pointed, ending in hairs. Fruit. stalks lateral, upright, 3 inch high. Jnwolucrum slender, scaly. Capsules cylindrical-egg-shaped. Lid conical, pointed. Fringe white. Veil yellow at the end. Weis, Creeping, interwoven, fixed to the bark of trees, Branches numerous, upright, simple or divided, but generally bent like the tail of a squirrel. Juvo- ducrum at she base of the branches, slender, scales narrow, ending in short hairs. Capsules upright, dark brown when ripe. Lid yery small, Fruit-sta/ks twisting when dry. Drie.
Trunks of old trees. { Bungay, Suffolk. et Stone. | P. Feb.—April.
H. Branches compressed: leaves hair-pointed, shining: refus’cens, capsuler upright ; lid conical, Dicks,
Dicks. 8. 4 4 But little branched; branches cylindrical but flatted, en- tirely potas lied with the ‘tiled leaves, which are slender, straight,
ar-s , ending in a hair, seldom a full green, but generally yellowish or reddish. Capsules nearly a Srges slender, up right. Fringe white. Lid crimson, conical, acute. Haut Has been confounded with the Hypn. nitens, ree: differs a that in having upright capone a bat = involucrum, and few, but pong a a xs. Fasc. i
[Cryb y Ddeseil, par rarely with ‘Sapepless Mr. Grir-
H. Shoots ascending : fruit- stalks lateral : capsules ob- cris‘pum. Jong ;_beal the lid bent: leaves oblong, blunt, wrinkled, in 2 rows. Dicks. bh. s—E. bot. 617-Dill. 36. 12~Hall. enum. 3. 5, at f- 109, hist. 46. 5, at iii. p. 50-Happ. ti.-Hypm 5- FZ, ox. XV 5, row 3, 10, pe O25¢
630 _ CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. lueitah (B. 1)
_ ‘The most elegant of the genus. Grows in dense broad strata. Shoots a span long, flat, a little raised. ap afits closely tiled, alternate, i in 2 rows, spear-shape ed, blunt, shining,wrinkled. Fruits-stalks % inch long, lateral. Involucrumy leaves paler.
Capsules nearly a Sugyhaes Lid with a long beak.
on jonge © From 2 to 12 inches long, crowded and lying
on another branches comuptessed, blunt, undivided, alter-
ee or in pairs. Leaves crisp, transversely vat = whole ]
plant is pale yom in sas a yellowish in summ On chalk hills near Crareetay and. on et of the ‘Thames out of the tide’s way. t. Vincent’s rocks, and on the Welsh mountains. [ About Kirkby ‘Lonsdale, Westmoreland. r. J. E. Smrrx. On rocks in Garn Dingle, 3 miles from Denbigh. Mr. GruFiTH. | P, March, April.
me‘dium. H. Shoots creeping: leaves broad, ‘spear-shaped, pointed, tiled but open: capsules cylindrical, frmged, Dill. 42. 65. Crowded together. Leaves pressed when dry. Fruit-stalks len,
less than 3 inch in length. Drit. oot of trees in woods in Scotland.
pulchel'lum. H. Shoots pole et eae ve branches somewhat bundled, strap-sh. it-stalks re amen upright, Somewhat Piles Dicks. i Dicks. h. s. and fac. 5.6. er short, crowded in close tufts. Branches nearly equ ual, expanding. Leaves near together, egg-s Era fhe ab shining. Involucrum short. Pra ising
s, Scotl kad.
viticulo'sum. H, Shoots branched, prostrate : leaves mt acute, eX- panding : capsules oblong ; lid conic
Dicks. b. s.—Dill. 39. 43-H. ox. xv. 55 raw 1. (Vi ail, 23s 1~Pluk. 47. 4.
Covering the trunks of trees in large patches. Stems fibrous, creeping very long, branched. Braxches upright, when dry cylindrical, and twisted like a rope. Y fie rfits nearly eriangulat the upper ones largest, Fruit-sta/ks about an inch high, rising from the bosom of the branches, om of small hairy scaly per Capsules small, shining. Zid very short, conical, pom Mouth fringed when magnified, smn to the naked eye. W Fis
2 ela oeanieensandie
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (B. 9) 83)
Fruit-stalks and capsules upright. Appears crisp when dry, Leaves triangular, keeled, pointed but nat baiey Disk, p n trunks ‘trees, and sometimes on the grou und on the chalk hills between Northfleet and Gravesend. Diix. 307 ef By the north west corner of the bridge at Kirkby Lonsdale ; and in Armingdale Wood, near Norwich, Dr. th E. Smrr.—Earsham Suffolk. Mr. Sronz.} P, March, April.
B. (2) Branches gia 3 leaves irregular; capsules &* H. Stem elongated, somewhat branched: leaves heart- rascifo'lium. aped, ¢ a finely serrulated, diverging ; li convex, beake Hedw, ack, a 38< Ole ring to stones under water, in broad patches, 1 or 2
Branches upright, cylindrical » flat above, Leaves egg. ar-shaped, closely tiled, 2-rowed, and less compacted up ards. Fruit-stalks on the stem between the shoots, and from
the bosom of the leaves. Capsules short, thick, drooping, Lid beaked. Mouth, inch long. “ag Leaves deep dull green,
arr. ed. ii. In riv lets and waters in Yorkshi ire. Dits. The shoots are fire incrusted with calcareous earth, which in time it accumulates so as to form stones of 20 or 30 pounds weight, Wels.
H. Shoots trailing ; fruit-stalks lateral: leaves egg-spear- lutes’cens, shaped, scored. Dicks. bh. s.—Hedw. stirp. 1V. 16-Dill. 42. 60.
Differs from Hi. sericeum in the shoots being longer, more “eee and limber ; the branches more distant and less crooked,
Plant of a pale yellow green. . sericeum. y Huds. ed. ii, 506. Chalk Hills between ng
Northfleet and Gravesend, and on trunks of trees near wo and Beddington, Surry. Hups.—Gogmagog Hiils. Rex ‘ P, Jannbee
- Leaves spear-shaped, scored, ». hair-polniaa capsules cassu’bicum, cylindrical, leaning. Dick KF, aill, ya .
¥ ~ Nerves on the leaves more than three. Cas. never norigime CoP. On trees, in moist shady places.
839 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (B. 2) |
intrica’tum. H. ir creeping ; branches short : fruit-stalks iatersds capsules urn-shaped, beak bent: leaves spreading, syeataKaped, taper-pointed. E. bot. 202-Vaill, 28. 2. . Forms a close green mat on the decayed bark of trees in damp woods. Sfaots several inches in length. eg shorty slender. Veil slender, cylindrical, whitish. E. First found by Mr. Teesdale; and since by Dr. Smith, in woods on the south east side the river at Matlock Bath.
&ndula’tum.H. Shoots branched ; branches somewhat winged : lea 2 waved and folded: fruit-stalks lateral and auilliry, Dicks. b. s.—Dill. 36. 11-H. ox. xv. 6. 33.
A span long, lying flat. Leafs closely ea in a double or triple series. Weis. Fruit-stalls long, slender, reddish. Veil straw-coloured, with a brown spot at t vou “Capiilie pee Lid spit-pointed. Mouth fringed. Somat ucrum, leaves narrow. short, bent back. SAoort not always papers ; its rib yellowish. Leaves tender, pellucid, sm ooth, shining, pale green, not chang: ing colour when dry. Jzwvelucrum lateral, and in the angles ae the eevee bags posed of short, narrow — HF, ale, ruil stalks 14 t inches long. tee cua rust-coloured, crooked when Sek Lid pointed. Dit ‘
Woods, shady. places, and moist rocks. On the top of Snow- don, [Rivelston Wood, near Edinburgh, Dr. J. E. Smitu.]
P. March—April.
al’bicans. H. Shoot branched, ascending: fruit-stalks lateral : cap- sules oblong, lid conical, ‘cuss leaves oblong- \ spear-shaped, bristle-pointe Dicks. b. s7Hede. stirp. iv. 5—Vaill. 26. 9~Dill. 42.63+ Shoots about 2 inches long, scattered, almost upright, but se branched, yellowish green mixed with white. Leaves spear , bristly at the end, everywhere surrounding the stem. Frait-stalhe aad + inch upright, red ; hers rarel "i sules small, oval, oblique, rather noddi ; yellow short. Mouth fringed. Dicks. Scarcely faprights nét crowded together, a little branched, shoots sieades, yellowish pale green. Leaves slender, pressed to, soft, shining. Involucrum haity«
ILL ; In loose sandy soil on heaths, and places thiply clothed with
| ! i |
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (B. 2)
gtass: but seldom with capsules, Dirty. 329,.—[B a > Soe Sufcik, Mr. Gatun ee ee
HL, Branches crooked : leaves ege-shaped, scored, acute, expanding 1 in every direction : lid pomted,
Hedw. stirp. iv. i 38, 30-Vaill. 27, 1~H. ox, xv. 5,
Tow Be 8. p-
Slender, creeping, Rb tonethen, irregularly branched. Leaves small, triangular, pale green. F ee } to fa of an inch in leng Capsules swollen, , ghost: noddi slender, wales LPAI ending in hairs. Dix.
ea Fruit-stalks often twisted, untwisting when
Le Sele in turning the capsule from the right to the left. Hypn. rutabulum, y Huds. and Bot. arr. ed, ii. Woods and bushes, on the roots aid trunks of trees. Dit. P, Jan.
H, Branches lowed back; leaves exp-shancl, spreading : fruit-stalks a axillary.
Dill. 38, 28-Vaill, 28. 9—Buxb. iv. 63.1... | Branches unequal. seria agi » pointed. Linn, Soread.
extremities taking root. Leaves broad, triangular, not —— tender, sense er green, pointed. Jnvalucrum rigid, ob~ ‘long, c of reflected scales, sometimes 2 or Braitstalls seldom more than an inch high. Copies upright, in ; when ripe thicker, leaning, crooked. Woods about the roots of trees, and in dry Carrie. pastures. P, Sept.—Jan, Used to pack glass and earthen ware. Wels.
833
stria’tum,
tri quetrumg
‘H. Shoots branched : capsules oblong: foot conical: leaves flu’itans.
ege-spear-shaped, distant, expan Dill, 38a3 33—Vaill. 3d 6.
Fruit-stalks fine, red, in some pe very long, in others ' Starcely an inch long. Capsules — ooked, very short, fringed at the mouth. Linn. “Much branched, slender, -2 foot more, either upright or floating. dines narrow, sheneites those on the stem fewer and broader than those on the branches, soft, pellucid, yellow green. Capsules not hitherto found. Diu.
Sta eat waters. Marshy places in Ireland, in a ditch near the road from Oxford to Marston, ne near Hackney, and -€lsewhere about London, and in a small pon “ in a pasture Opp- site Great Founder’s Close, Cambridge.
Vou, II, 31
$34
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (C. 1)
utab’ulum. H. Branches irregular, ascending : —— tiled, es
Smith’i,
penna’tum,
acute, sharp-pointed : lids coni sits stirp. iv. 12-Buxb. iv. 62. 2-Fl. dan. 824. 2-H, . xv. 6. row 5, 18-Vaill, 27. 8—Dill. 38, 29, capsules the best, but the shoots, as Haller remarks, are too round H. ox. xv. 6. 35.
Leaves pellucid. Mouth fringed. Wess. Leaves triangular, green, shining when dry, not keeled. © Caps. dark brown, shining. Drut.
Grows much crowded, in patches, and full of fructifications. Mr. Sracktouse. Woods and hedges, on the roots and trunks of trees and shrubs: on the ground in barren places.
P. Sept.—Jan.
Var. 2, Upright, short. Leaves slender.
Marshy places. Dill. in R. Syne p. 830 me 18.
C. (1) Shoots winged with branches : capsules upright.
H. Leaves nearly circular, somewhat concave ; capsules egg-cylindrical : veil hairy upwards, Dicks. ii, 10. Dicks. 5.4. een. Shoots hard, woody, pointed : in the middle, ot towards the end bowed in. Branches if pressed down recovering their former direction, on. the pressure being removed. he
e345
H, Leaves egg-spear-shaped, tiled, pointed, in 2 TOWS, La ea wayed: involucrum as long 4s the alk
Dicks. b, s-Hedw. -—- iii, 20—Dicks. fase. 1» Saf
Differs from H. complanatum in the leaves being transversely waved, and the sere me being = than the involucrum 5 and from the Fontinalis penna he capsule standing out the involucrum., Dic
Neckera pumila. Hed. Hypn. pumilum, and e Dicksoni, of Ginel. syst, veg. [Trunks of trees in woods between Troutbeck and Ambleside, Wesrsaaabaade Dr. J. E. ris
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (C. 1) 835
H. Branches very short: leaves spear-awl-shaped, shining, ni’tens. Fi. dan. 1123; 9—Dill, pus = gl
Shoots upright, 1 to 3 inches high. Branches lateral. Leaves closely set. Frait-stalks terminating an illary. egg-shaped, leaning when ripe. Lid short, conical, pointed, Mouth entire. Weser. Leaves very narrow, almost hair-like, Invol. very long. Diti. Fruit-stalk near 2 inches long; capsule rather crooked, which gives it the appearance of leaning.
Turf bogs. Scotland. Dicks. ii, 12.
H. Shoots very long, rather leafless below: capsules ege- prolix’um shaped, fringed : fruit-stalks lateral, ascending, sheet . _ Dill. 38. 32 ; and 85. 20.
Shoots 12 inches er more in length, upright in stagnant, floating in running water, closely crowded, sending out a few short branches towards the ends. Leaves numerous, small, tiled ; under ones the largest. Involucrum a small bulb, composed of a few short scales. Fruit-stalks short. Capsules small. Diu.
Alpine rivulets in Scotland, On H. Shoots creeping: branches crowded: leaves tiled; plumo'sume awl-shaped.
Diths. b. s.-Hedw. stirp. iv. 15-Dill. 35.16.
Shoots about a span long, brownish, with dark rust-coloured wool underneath, by which it adheres closely. Branches from each side of the shoot, poncially undivided, clothed with very slender soft and shining leaves. Izvolucrum hairy. Dit.
H. sericenm & Huds. 506. Trunks and roots of trees in En- field Forest, and on brick walls about London. Dut, Jan, Feb.
C. (2) Shoots winged with branches : capsules leaning. H. Shoots proliferous; nearly flat, not shining: fruit- prolif‘erume stalks several together; involucrum bristly Curt.—Dill, aoe 14—Vaill, 25. 1-H. OX, XVs 5, Tow 3. 20— ~ Tourn. 326. ¢.—Ger. 1372. 7-Ger. em. 1561. 7-Park. 1310. 3-F. B, lil. 765. ie Its structure is very singular; one large compound shoot pro- ceeding from the middle or disk of another, and this repeated several times in the same plant. Lin. A span long or more, doubly winged. Fruit-stalks an inch long, (or more) from the middle of the shoot, and from the rib of the branches ! to 3 (4 or 5) ina place. Involucrum large, conical, hairy. Lid conical, ones Veil oblique. Weis. Capsules leaning, reddish, thick. euth, fringe ina double row. Leaves so minute as hardly to 332
$36
pence op
filic‘inum,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (C. 2}
be well apres by the naked eye. Caps. reddish, at first straight, then ooked. The leaves smaller, not shining, the shoots more serpentine, and the bristly involucrum distinguish this from the Hypn. parietinum. Diiti. Hypz. ee an Hypn. proliferum of Gmel. syst. veg. are both ths same plant.
Heaths and thick shady woods. P. Dec —ke . Curr.
Covers the surface of the earth in the thickest woods through which the sun never shines, and wheré no other plant can grow. Linn.
H. pet proliferous, nearly flat, shining: fruit-stalks er : involucram sca et Tyg 1-Dill, 35. 13—Buxb. ii. 1. ne and ii, 2. 1 Happ. eae 3-Vaill. 29. 1-Schmid. 58. 3. nesting 4,5 jy OF more reste at the base of the
grows in feagth at one end, the other end is converted into roots. Branches winged. The ne ww shoot puts forth in the spring not from the end of the old one, ae: near to its end; is very densely clothed with leaves, and after a time sends out branches. Fence scales reflected. Dirt. Both in this and in the Hypn. prolife. rum, the shoots resemble the winged leaves of Ferns.
Woods, heaths and shady P. Feb b, March.
It is used in Sweden to rate up the chinks in the “walls of timber houses
H. Shoots simply winged : leaves oblong, taper pointers reflected, pointing one way : capsules nearly cylin ancéls lid con
Fl. dan. 1123. ween! 29. 9-Dill. 36. 19. rtile shoots trailing, the barren ones upright. Prait-stalis 1 or 5 inches lon ngs from the bosom of t Se Re Shoots from 3 to © inches, undivided, winged. Wi aby ay na
ne or place. Fence hairy. Capsules leaning. Lid conical, Morty blunt. We1s. Sometimes branched: always sending out nume- rous lateral-shoots, which are shorter as they grow nearer to the of the stem, ese very numerous, pleasant green, Lomi
row, bent back.
Marshy places, ‘al near springs. [Bungay, SD << TONE.} P, March, Hups,—Summer.
ee
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. ‘Hypnum. (C. 3) 837
H. Branches near together ;. bowed back. Crista-cas- Dicks. b. s-Vaill. 27. 14~Dill. 36.2 tren’sis, very much resembles an ostrich feather Pia its shining
It v parallel rays, by which, and by its silky hue, it is ane dis. tinguishable. _ Fructifications acldous to, be met - Linn.
ECK, Grows i in broad patches, ‘Sedutice, flat, one plant over another. Leafits hooked, very sharp. B fear triangular, the reflec
numerous, bent ba ck, yellowish green ; spear. crisp. Diu. halk hills, rocks, about the roots of trees indry woods and stony soils, [ Bungay, Suffolk, Mr. Stoyg.| P. March, April.
C. (3) Shoots winged with branches: capsules drooping. H. Shoots taper-pointed: leaves upright but expanding; du’bium, capsules oblong, crooked. Dic Dill. 36, 21.
Leaves yellow green, smooth, narrow, spit-pointed, upri = on the upper, reflected on the lower shoots. Frait-stalks oft bent and twisted in a young tie afterwards becoming strai ight,
Id. Lz
Capsule oblong, crooked when o id short. Juvolucrum pyramidal, its scales bse pointed. Dit. Wet heaths and marshy places, Febr, ~
H. Branches somewhat cylindrical, distant, unequal: abie'tinum, leaves egg-spear-shaped, closely tiled. Dill. 35. 17-Vaill. 29. 19~H, ox. xv. row 4. 22. p. 626. Fruit- stalks from the middle of the rib of the shoot, 20]
shorter above. Leajis ene ey sigh scored, endin in hairs, closely tiled. Weis. Branches straight. Leaves straight, which m
ide shoots a rous, opposite, surrounded on eve side DY small att vellow “reas leaves, No fructification yet ILLe
‘Momenaes places. On hills near Hinksey, Oxfordshire. Ditt,—In shady places, and on Chalk hills about Nort aren a .
$38
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (D. 1)
prelon’gum. H, pert somewhat winged ; besa 3 fibrous : branches ed.
Tugo’sum.
flagella’re,
mote: leaves egg-shape Iéen stirp, iv. 29-Dill, 35. 15-Vaill, 236 9=Buxhe ive
. os cee serrated. i ub oe ag goer igs from all the ther Hypnums by its eing v long, very closely
a hooked hair; alternate, in a double row.
span toa foot in length; doubly winged. Fiokas ey ie, yi chet oe an inch long, purple. be ey dull green, brown when 3 short, nodding. Veil pale green, rnight. Dit
ks of trees rotten wood, and wet seeks Sas! 9 Suffolk. Mr. Strong. | —Heb.
; D. (1) Leaves bent back : capsules upright. H. Shoots scattered, rather upright: leaves pointing one way, wrinkled at the base: fruit-stalks axillary. Dicks. A. 5 —D:ll, A 24,
Leaves spear-shaped, narrow, sharply pointed, closely tiled. Signa Shoots seldom more = 3 in ‘ch ae thick, lying ve
H, Shoots creeping: branches upright, rarely divided ; ee spear-shaped, taper-pomted, the ends re- t
Dill, 39. 42,
Leaves small, ae not much pellucid, produces its cap- sules, in September Lls On stones near aiewis | in the Highlands of Scotland.
D. (2) Leaves bent back: capsules leaning.
scorpioi des, Ef, Branches waved, trailing, hooked: leaves pointing one
way, tapering to a point,
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (D. ‘
Dicks. bs. Dill. 87. 25. Branches brown, hooked, and yellow at the ends, ‘Lis NN.
cir taal often Fruit-stalks % to 1 inch high. es cylindrical, slender, leaning. Lid pointed. Moxth e
. Nov.—April.
H. Soe straggling: leaves searshapal acute, bent kin 5 diferent directio
an dan. 535. 1-Dzi), 39. 38-H. Ox. XVe $5 row 2, 9-F?,
Often 6 inches long, oe rib a beautiful purple, sening i ey in a sha
through the ene of the leaves, Leaves e
rarely met with. Ray. Frait-stafks solitary or in pai not large enough to cover the mouth of the capsule, but Tiioed to it by a kind of groove. Mr. SrackHouse. Moist meadows and pastures. P. Feb.—May, Var. 2. Smaller- Leaves triangular, open, reflected, Dixt. ' Paill. 27. 5—Dill. 39.39. Not much different from Ab ) Coore in the leaves being smaller,
paler, closer set, and more bent back. Weis, The Capsules too are smaller, - oe lid shape Dit, Wet place
H, Shoots creeping: branches crowded; upright, on re side the shoot: leaves exg-shaped poimting on way: capsules nearly upright. Hedw., stirp. iv. 1~Dill. 37. 27. ote upright, compressed, from } to 1 inch high, nume- . Leaves in a double or triple series, “sharp, hoo ook BBER, Shoots slender, creeping, with tew leaves, and those shriveled.
83g
squarro’surms
palus’tre.
840-
lo’reum.
adun’cum.
cupressi- for’me,
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI, Bypnum. (D. 2)
Rape! peels simple, short. Leaves dull green, hooked at stalks from the base of the branches, red, pete cha Re ébanches Caps. oblong, a little inclining, brown when ripe. Lid larger in diameter than the capsule. Veil straight,
ale. DiLv.
Leskia palustris. Hedw. ‘In wet places) On the banks of the Thames near Battersea. Diru. At the roots of trees and in bb stony places. Huns. [Water fall at Roslin near Edinburgh. Dr. J. E. Smitu. By the slits Garn dingle, Mr. Grirrita.] P. Jan.—April.
H. Shoots creeping: branches waved, upright: leaves pointing one way : capsules robes ege- -shaped. Dicks. 4. s— Dill, 39. 40-Vaill, a3% IH, OX, “KV. 55 row the last, 24. p. 626—Buxb, iv. 64. 1-Ger, 1370. 1. Fruit-stalks from the base of the branches. Neck. Nearly allied.to the H. sgwarrosum. Ends of the branches thickest, nt back. Wers. Frait-stal/ks more than an inch high, from the stcat between the branches upright. Capsules egg aha aped, lean- ing. Shoots near a foot long or more, thie rib rigid, brittle, sur- rounded by pale green leaves, those towards the end. bent backs
n the mountains in Crevetenan Ballenahinch, in the county
of Down, Pinel ; in pay. ai near Glocester. Ditt, In ntainous Breadalbane. Mr. Sroanri in Fi. Scote
[Near / Ambleside > Weltaibitlatid Dt. JE Smairn.] P, April.
H. Shoots nearly upright; somewhat. branched: leaves ia inting one way; spear-awl-shaped; curled: ranches hooked. Hedw, iv. 24-Dill, 37. 26.
Resembles the H. een ene: but the shoots are more straight, less branched ; onger, hooked, their ends point- ing one way ; Freie-otalke t ie as Thor, tising as well from the middle of the shoot as from the bosom of the branches. The
out ofa slender, short, scaly involucrum, oe egg-shaped, in
lowish or tawny when growin "out of the water. Ray. Lxv#- — Rese th slender, scaly. a Sai Lower leaves
H, Shoots somewhat winged : leaves pointing one ways 7 hooked ; cnt wing at the end,
a
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. ‘Hypnum. (D.2) gat
Dicks. b. si-Hedew. stirp, ivy 23~Fl. dam. 535-Dill. 37. 23 Vaill. 27. 13—Plak. 447. 6-H. ox. xv. 5, row 2.8.
Fruit-stalks oa the base of the branches, and often twice
their length. Neck. Stems 2 to 4 inches long, creeping, ir.
tiled, hooked and ha eend. Fruit-stalks from the prin. cipal stem, an inch long. Gapanla areas at first upright, leanin nt when ripe. s oft, conical, pointed.
oods at the roots of tee and on thatch, fe Syn. Sr. - P. Feb.—March.
H. Shoots compressed, winged with branches : leaves compres’stums j taper~pointed : Sapeulen egg-shaped; lid short, conical. Hedw. stip. iv. 22-Dill. 36. 22, s the H. flicinum in the crisp gs ance of its
we a more acute angle with the stem, Leafs ponding in in hairs. Capsules thick, egg-shaped. Weis. Two g three inch long, tender, compressed. Leaves narrow, in twor ana,
row. points bent Sage) pale green, soft, shinin shaped Braiestlte l ’ green, uprig t,
E. Plant shrub-like: lranches in bundles.
H. chet upright, naked below, above with bundles of dendroi‘des. ranches ; leaves strap-spear-shaped, tiled: endl aio ass cylindrical, upright; b bent _ Dill. 40, 48-FI. dan. 823, 2-H, ox. xv. 5. row 5. 31— Tourn, 326—Vaill. 26. 6-Happ..i. Hypa 1. Readily remennes. by its stems closely compacted toge- ther, its shrub-like a ance, from 2 to 4 inches igh, termi. _ hate oe by a bush of ae s. Branches upright, cylindrical, , pointed at the end. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, pointed, fat, c closely tiled, Weis. Fruit-stalks more than an inch long,
£42.
alopecu ‘rum.
gra’cile,
attenua’tum.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCT. Hypnum. (5)
from the base of the branches; uprights. Capsules slender, up-
ight. Ld conical, short. Veil slender. Diu. Fruit-stalks
longer than the shoots. Veil covering the whole capsule. Leaves a little serrated.
Moist woods re] euty places about the roots of ge) and
in moist pastures. P, Fe arch.
H. Shoot upright: br saat es in bundles; terminating; : subdivided : capsules rather droo oping. Dill, 41. 49~Vaill, 23. 25 and 5-H. ox. xv. 5. row the last.
wes of the stem open. Liv. In its tree-like mode of growl? it resembles the H. dendroides, but the shoots are longer, the trunk is taller, the branches expand more, and are more fre- quently branched again; the extremities are not straight, but hanging down, and the leaves expanding. When dry the Aig
h Stems light red, rising from a trailing root. Leaves broad at the base, tapering to a ka alternate. Involucrum scales end« ing in hairs, compact. Moist and shady sicsin at the roots of trees, and by the sides of rivers, P. March, April.
F. (1) Shoots nearly cylindrical : : capsules upright. H. Shoots creeping: branches cylindrical ; nearly upright: capsules egg-shaped Hedw. strp. iv. 6-Dill. 41. 55~Fi, dan. 649. bag _ Hangs suspended from the bak, af ketene in numerous cylin- drical pointed branches bendin ards, and somewhat re- Nieas the ck of ih bird. Fruitsnalh ‘from the base of the
Chace, On the masses of stone called ‘Sry cies: in Wilt- shire, P, Fe b—April.
H. Shoots branched: oe bowed in, sometimes ta- pering, sometimes thickening: leaves pointing one — capsules upright, tooth fringed, Dicks. i. 13 if Hedww. stirp. i. 12-Dill. 42, 66. Fruit-stalks upright, lateral. Veil slender, twisting. Capsules cylindrical, Beak blunt. Fringe double, outer row of tecih 10-
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (PF. 2} his
Heowrc. Rather thick, much branched, yellow green, tawny when dry. In large patches on the trunks of beeches, particu. larly on the Northern side. Ditt.
Woods on trunks of trees, Scotland.
H. Shoots upright, thread-shaped, somewhat branched : stramin‘eum.
Jeaves egg-spear-shaped, without a mid-rib, ti
Dicks. 6..
Dicks. hb. 8. and fase. i. 9. Shoots nearly upright, strap-shaped, slender, when dry very
brittle, 2 inches and more in Jength, straw-coloured, sometimes simple, or with ' or2 branches. Leaves convex x and concave, glittering, pressed to. Fruit-stalks lateral, upright, red, 1 and sometimes 2 inches long, solitary or 2 together. Capssles 5 egg~ 8 sarees upright, bulging on one side. Lid short, somewhat
pointed. Dicks. Ina oa place on the West side of Hampstead Heath,
near London
H. Shoots creeping 3 branches and capsules Sparel : cylin'dricum, leaves closely tiled, egg-shaped, pointe ii, 12. Dill, 41. 57. Shoots im the wide Lee d) conan hace agg soft, shining, pale lh essed to, Fruit-stalks reddish s od Of an ch ion. Cap sitight, slender, a tee “Lid poin fated: s on the trunks of trees, Scoclanl: F. (2) Shoots nearly cylindrical : capsules leaning. EH. Shoots branched ; leaves pointed, open, distant. ripa’‘rium, Dill. 40. 44—Hedaw. stirp, iv. 3-Fi, dan, 649. 1-Schmid. 57+ 38~Buxb. ti. 3. 3
Stem 4 to 6 inches long. Shoots few and irregular, cylindri- cal if above, winged if below the surface ce of the water. Leaves
dista spear-shaped on the principal stem, and hairy at the end. Pruit-stalks an inch (orgs upright, ogee Capsules egg shaped. Lid conical, beak short. Maxth . Veil up-
Whes os covering the young capsule, Sutalecton very short. We!s.
owing out of the water, or where it is often ex) gee to
the air, yi leaves are shorter and blunter, surrounding the stem,
but when it is always i centile water they are longer, more Pe and wing the stems.
On walls, and moist stony otis on the banks of rivers, on
mura’le.
mol’le. ©
~ Saspida’tum.
‘
filifo’lium.
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (F. 9)
planks and stones about water mills, and in rivers. [ Bungay, Suffolk.. Mr. Stone. } P, Sept.—April.
H. Shoots creeping; branches mostly upright; in one dis rection: leaves egg-shaped, concave. Dicks. Heda. stirp. iv. 30—Dill, 41. 52+
About an inch long, branches very short, mostly upright. Leaves numerous, dark green, not shining, Dirt. Fruit-stalks from the base of the branches. Leaves ribless.
iypn. myosuroides. y Huds. and Bot. arr, ed. ii.
On walls, Dec, Jan. H. Shoots pendent, slender, very much branched : leaves
tiled, egg-shaped, acute: capsules roundish. Dicks. hi. 1).
Dicks. as 8.
~ Whole slant soft, flaccid, and flexile. Shoots bundled, float- ing, roundish, somewhat zigzag. Branches of very unequal
spear-shaped, taper-pointed. Fruit-stalks few, short, bowed in. Fringe with a ring, with many teeth. Lid and Veil not found. Dicks.
Banks of rivulets in the Highlands of Scotland.
H. Shoots spreading, winged with branches, ending in a long point: leaves oblong, taper-pointed: capsules cylindrical; lid conical.
Jeaning. Lid blunt, short, scarlet. Mouth fringed. Wets Pale green, yellowish or reddish when in fruit. Leaves alternates thin, peilucid, shining. Dru.
ogs, marshes, wet pastures and moist woods.
P. Mar.—Maye
Hi. Shoots spreading; branches numerous, very short: wl-shaped, acute: capsules oblong ; lid co- nical, blunt. Dill. 42. 62. Forming a compact interwoven tuft. Much branched; branches. slender, Leaves very narrow, smooth, resplendent
CRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI. Hypnum. (1,'3) &s
n, when dry ‘Sines to, standing out when’ fresh. Fruit. Saulip' 2 inch high, very slender, reddish, Cz, wii slender, at first upright, sfreredie leaning a little, and again upright when
i nvolucrum she airy.
H. Siliforme, Huds. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. Trunks of ae
H. Shoots and branches diverging, nearly upright, blunt, illec’cbrum, Dill. 40. 46—Vaill. 25. 7-FI. dan. 706. 1. Leaves ending in a spit-point; very closely tiled. . Pale, shining, tender, like the H. purum, but differs in its branches being blunt, thick, short, not winged. Neck. Lavolucrum, leaves ending in hairs. Fruit-stalks & inch high. Capsules egg-shaped, he when old leaning a little. Lid pointed. Mouth friged. BER. Leaves roundish, entirely covering the stalks. Cap. Fit small, shioths ely Rav. Branches cylindrical. Leaves veny. y Pee e gree LL. ths shady Tea aud moistish Postar Hups. P. March, Aap aetiat.
H. Shoots crowded, thread-shaped, branched : capsules filamento’sum ege-shaped, fringed : involucrum bulb-like. Dicks, it. 12,
Dill. 36.18.
Crowded, compressed, closely interwoven, so that it is hardly possible to extricate a single plant. Shoots and branches cylindrical, not thicker than a strong sewing thread. Fruit-stalks purple aninch long. Capsules slender, straight, reddish and bent when fn Involucrum oblong, large, composed of unequal scales. Drut
Woods in Scotland. [Crib y Ddeseil. Mr. Grtrrita.]
F..(3) Shoots near ly cylindrical: capsules drooping. H. Shoots wan spreading, awl-shaped : : leaves egg- pu‘runl{ shaped: blunt: approaching, Curt. 207-Fi. dan. 706, 2-Dill. 40. 45—Vaill, 28. 3. i bowed. Leaves ending in a spit-point Neck.
Nish, from the mid-rib of cha soot and branches ; upright, shin- ing. Involucrum ets, 6 ly. aa cylindrical, lean- ing. Lid beaked. Moxth fringed. W Stems nearly cylin+ drical, upright or reclining ; often Bianched, Branches winged.
eaves blunt, thin, soft, smooth, rather shining, when dry crump-
ILL. Pastures, meadows, banks, and woods. P. Nov.
646 ~ GRYPTOGAMIA, MUSCI. Hypnum. (F. 2)
Fishermen make use of it to scour their worms, Var. 2. More slender. Mid-rib of the leaves red. Dill. 40, 47-Vaill. 29. 10~Neck. meth. 1. 10-Buxb, iv. 64. 1, the right hand of the upper figures; and 3. ‘ Longer and more slender than the preceding, branches and leaves more pointed, more shining when dry, more thinly set, and exposing more distinctly the red mid-rib, Ditt.
_eurtipen’- H. Shoots upright, branched, leafy: leaves oblong-egg- dulum, shaped, acute, tiled: capsules ege-shaped; ‘lid ta- pering to a point. . Dicks. h s— Dill, 43. 69. From 2 to 4 inches or more in’ length, Wide spreading; much branched, rigid. Leaves ending in a sharp hair-like point, closely tiled, broader and more dense at the ends of the shoots,
Forest, near Southgate, and in Yorkshire. On large stones on the Marlborough Downs, Wiltshire ; and on the rocks of Snow- don. Dixit. = — April. atro-vi’rens.H, Shoots creeping, branched: leaves o-spear-shaped, limber: capsules _inversely-egg-shaped, fringed, drooping. .Dicks. ii. 10, D ill, 43. 67.
_ Slender, irregularly branched, Leaves very small, loosely disposed, dull green and pellucid when wet, e and blackish when dry. Involucrum pale, slender, fixed near to the origin of the branches. Fruit-stalts blackish, Capsules small, bla Lids deciduous. Dri.
W at the roots of trees, Scotland,
G. (1) Shoots crowded : capsules upright. seric’eum. H. Shoots branched, creeping : leaves oblong, hair-pointed, tiled, capsules cylindrical ; lid taper-pointed, bent. Hedw. stirp. iv. 17—Dill. 42. 59-Curt. 126—H. ox. XVe 5s row 4, 25-Vaill. 27.3. a. b.-Gars, 639, Grows so firmly to the trunks of trees that it can scarcely bs
CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (G. 2) 847
| taken away entire. Linn. Shoots long, creeping, crowded, greatly branched. Branches short, roundish. Leave s slender, very closely tiled, ending inlong hairs. Fruit-stalks } to 1 i as high, lateral, crowded. Juv fart short, thick, scaly, Captiles long, nearly cylindrical, but thickest at posi ne upright. Mouth narrow, fringe w ble Lid beaked. Veil pale. Weis. Branches ae pointing o © way. Leaves soft, shining. Dirt. With 2 ribs, which distinguish i it from the H. p/umosum. Leikea sericea. Hedw. On the ground on dry banks, trunks of trees, and walls. P. Sept.— April,
H. Shoots very much branched, Sail ethene, crooked, ta- myosu’rop pering upwards and down Hedw. stirp. ivs 8-Dill, 41. nap ox. XV. 5. 27-Vaill, 28. 4. Stem 2 to 4 inches long ; ge ee sowanle the ‘end. Lea
sh. than the leaves. Brea iia tks reddish, £ or 3 of an Copal cylindrical, spnght, tawny whan ¥ ie Hypn. myosuroides, Hedw. H, myosuroides. B Huds, and Bot. arr. ed, ii. At the roots of trees, and on large stones in woods. an,—March,
G. (2) Shoots crowded : capsules leaning.
H, Plant creeping, very much branched: branches cy-myosuroi'des. lindrical : leaves eee eRe hair-pointed, up- right, tiled: capsules cylindri Dill. 4.1. 51-H. ox. xv. 6. row 3. cae 97.6.
Pale green. Stem-leaves almost 3-cornered. D1it Woods at the roots of trees, and on stones and toes f Bun- gay, Suffolk. Mr. Srons.] P, Jan.—March. Var. 2. Leaves dark green, shining, hair-pointed. Dill. 41. 53. Leaves soft, dark green, shi meh ending i in sae which ap-
pear grey and reflected when the plant is dry. D
On old walls, as of Westham Abbey, near Staion Essex ; and on rocks on Emott pastures, Yorkshire. Dit
H. sage seeps branches thread-shaped : heaves like ser’ pens, : capsules cylindrical, crooked: hid taper siliatedl ,
848 CRYPTOGAMIA. MUSCI. Hypnum. (G. 2)
Dill. 42; 64—Faill. 28. 2 23 6; me 8-H, OXs XVe 5y _ ihe dash 21; ‘2. 625-Buxb, iv. 63. 26°
son the ground 6 inches, on trees 2 inches inp, ee Shoots Sheeeabe with thick set.slender fibres forming - broad patches, closely adhering to the earth. Branches very slender. Fruit-stalks numerous, upright. Capsules cylindrical, leaning. Lid pointed. Mouth fringed. Wests. Branches numerous, short, pei simple. Leaves too small to be aetney. seen by the edeye; green, not shining. Javolucrum small, hairy. Fruit stalks an inch high, or more, fine purple. Capsules long, straight. is A upright, broad at the base, silvery, shining. Diit.
e ground under hedges, on the trunks of trees; espe. cially some ones, on wood, stones, and acres on old bones. Diit. On rotten wood, and in wells. Licu
"®. March, April.
awl-sh Dill. 42. 61—Happ. iii-Hypn. Fl, dan 47 5-Vail. 26. 9. Leaves hairy at the end, Fruit-stalés lateral, an inch long. Tebbutt rum scaly, inclosing the thick base of the fruit-st Capsules cylindrical, or egg-shaped. Lid conical, short. Wes. Shoots aoeyy interwoven firmly adhering to the earth and the bottom of Sa ‘Pubticolowredd woolly fibres, Svem-leaves hess than th the branch- leaves. Involucrum en, hairy. Lid unt At te roots ” sce in woods, and hedges, i in shady places and based pasture P. Capsules a arin in autumn, and coming to erfection in Feb. and Mar nes ‘ . BoP Var. 2. ais shorter, of a paler green. R, Syx.
Shoots pele more than 3 or 4 lines long. Leaves eggs shaped. Nec
veluti‘num, H. Shoot creeping branches crowded; upright: leaves aped.
clavella'tum, H. Creeping: branches upright spank caps sules bowed; be tic a
Dill. 35. c
bes shoot, short, rigid, 2 or 3 lines lon mg fm nearly 1 broad; those in the middle the longest. Leaves hairless, very entire. Fruit stalks lateral, 4 or 5 lines long, inclosed at the base by an invO- lucrum. Capsalee a line in acne Lid very sharp. Veil
a line long, reaching half way. Potuicu, Fixed by slender Tust-coloured roots to the bark of trees. Leaves sonal crowded,
-
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Jungermannia, (A)
Capsules roundish. Lid, beak crooked. veil brownish, broad at the base, suddenly tapering to a point. Diz On the dead branches and trunks of sine P. Dec.—Feb.
eee HEPATICA. JUN GERMAN’NIA. oneneae naked : capsule
4-valved : seeds roundi Oxs. Many of the species are beautiful microscopic oe, For a fuller account of the parts of fructification, see Vol. 1. p 864, and 389. SUBDIVISONS OF JUNGERMANNIA. A. Plant unbranched, and without a mid-rib. B, 1. Leaves winged: fruit-stalks terminating. 2. Leaves winged: fruit-stalks lateral, or at the base. Cyd heaves winged 3 leafits with appendages: fruit-stalks termina
2. lanes winged leafits with a dages: fruit« stalks lateral, or at the base li a =
D. Shoots tiled with leafits. A. Plant simple, without a mid-rib.
J. A little leaf growing upon a large one. Dicks. be si-Hedw. theo. 21. and 22, and 23~E. bot. 771- Schmid. jung. f..\ to 6-Dill. 74. 4\-FI. dan. 359—Happ. 1. gangs 1-Mich. 44 Marsilea. 1-Col. ecphr. i, 331. 3~ Park, 1314. 5+Mall, frid. 2. 6 and 5 Leaf variously scoll and eurled at he edge, pale green ed to the aay fibres from its under = Wen. Fruit-stalks hollow, 2 inches high. Scor. Bears its fruit in the ioe but flowers in autumn, the Bar igh flowers open ike $
Lower part of the involucram fixed in a kind of groove. Style i inate number.
849
epiphylla.
pusil’la.
furca’ta.
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATICA. acim (A)
and one or more yourig ones s mechan: Ellin peer Fen, near ae sere near the direction post. Mr. Stone. | P. March, April.
J. Shoot mostly —_ into winged. clefts?" lobes tiled: involucrum plai a (Se 46,
ge a Bresicine Fruit-stalks often in pairs. Leers. About $ an ong. PoLLicH. — round, black, shining, valves maloiils ine toothed. Dit
s in patches ; fi a most Poa: shety i pellucid green.
Pentti.) 14 inch high, TACKHO es and banks, and wet places on eailitn near Woolwic ric Die Wing near Castle Howard, Yor. . Huns.
P, March to June—Oct. J. = ei ny brariched; the ends forked and
Hedw. ve 19, and 20-Dill, 74. 45—Vaill, 23. l=
1. o 4e 4e ' Plant hardly 1 inch long. Scrtout. » Leaves flat, greenish. Fruit-st. seldom more than -2 or 3 lines long, Jnwolucrum gi0- bular. Caps. nearly etre reddish brown. i state
amongst aitict Mosses on trees or on the of it creeps. einer flat, compressed, very thin, pale green, pellu er with a distinct vein running through the middle, more or less lobed, trifid or bifid at the end; fobes blunt. ves es
On the ground, on rocks, s on the trunks df trees, Ditx.—and wet shady nets pete mel Bong ea Mr. Stone.) ° il.
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC A. Jungermannia. (A)
851°
J. Shoot doubly wing Se flat, —— open, ending sinua’ta. Dicks
im two une qua Rey 7 ieMich 4. 3.
it has coneiedel sacks anh of rock. When first taken from the water it. has a strong and to me an agreeable scent. I have never found /ructifications, cough I have examined it at rear ent times of the e- ar. titan pect they have never yet been fo in pies Mr. W
At the head of Elm Cragg Well, under Bell Bank, ne Bingley, ‘Yorkshire. Drrt.—f{ Mr. Woop. oe vleetakally at the head of a spring in Middleton Wood, 2 miles from Leeds, on rocks-and stones entirely under water. Mr. W oop.
J. Leaf oblong, indented, slippery.
Ey bot. 185—Schmid. 35-Dill, 74. 42~Mich. 4. Marsiléa. 2
Pluk. 42. 2-Vaill, 19. 4 Fertile plant smaller and more jagged, the others growing Dir
close together, and supporting each other become upright. in R. Sy. 110. Fruit-st. with a sheathing involucrum, white;
pellucid, from 1 to 3 inches high. Caps. egg-shaped, black,
middle. Weis, Lavaca, a first rae, afterwards long, sai Oty pale gr Fruit-st. white, 1 to 2 inches long. Driv. from bP hollow ieiteacs of the leat. Lnvolucrum
ng in cylindtical.
Marshy places and Bogs. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Sai April,
J,-Shoots with doubly winged clefts, ‘Schmid. 55=E. bot. 186—Dill. 74. 43. Leaves pal Berens clefts blunt. Jvolucrum at the base of the leaves, and at the edges of the se ee cylindrical. Frazt- eoout an inch ae from the = leaves. yw
ing. Dit.
oods and moist shady places. Cane Wood, near mae
Wi gate, and Charlton, Kent, Ditt,.—and about Hampstead, H “April, May. °
= ae
pin’guis.
multif ida,
852
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (B. 1) ;
B. (1) Leaves winged: fruit-stalk terminating.
asplenioi'des. J, Leafits egg-shaped; somewhat fringed.
scala’ris.
FI. dan. 1061-Hedzw. thear. 16. 17. 81. to 88-Dill. 69. 5- Mich. De Oe 00 Shoots 3 or & inches long; pale green. Leaves, upper € fringed with little teeth, alternate. — Fruit-stalks anaes an inch long, rising out of a iene, # cag er * Capsules a purplish black, shining. W Trailing, some- Leaves pellucid, pele sree without veins. I es cree observed any roots. Dit Road sides and on trees, in fonda and wet shady places ; also near springs aed rivulets, when it is sweet scented. [Earsham see Sexton Woods, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Srone.] P, Feb.—April. Var. 2. Leafits more crowded.
Fi. dan. 1061-Dill. 69. 6—Mich. 5. 1. and oY, aill. 19. 7+ . Xv. 6, row 2. 42-Scop. 62. 13375 instead of 1338; at il. 7,321, Plant gui 1 to 2inches Jong. Fruit-stalks 12 lines ele tsmangeing Necx. Shoots more branched than in 1, and short tenis smaller and more crowded. Weis. n the same situations with var. 1. wn 3. Leafits not fringed. This particular variety was found by Mr. SrackxHouse grow- ing under the water of the celebrated spring called ede
J. Leafits very entire, aah pointing 2 ways: male fruit-stalk termina
Dicks. 8, 5—Dill. 31, ‘ee jung. f. 17. and 186
Shoots creeping and striking root ; terminating in powdery ae ee - Scop. Bra inched or unbranched, forming
one rR on eth er. aves in 2 rows, minute, rou roundish, bine, very entire, 3 of aline in diameter. Globules terminating, sit- ting. Potticn. Creeping on the ground, 1 or 1 inch long. Leaves tender, pellucid, pale ee in pairs, Fruit-bearing branches short, the leaves all Capsules or globules small, green, of short duration. oe pe tes creeping, taperg : way, with appendages underneath; leafits roundish egg-s ped, sometimes slightly notched at the end: sheathing involucrum below the shoot, cylindrical, hairy, fixed in the earth, Frast- stalk near 14 inch high,
1g ICES. : J. trichomanes, Lightf, Muinm trichomanes, Linne 7+
CRYPTOGAMIA.HEPATICA, Jungermamnia. (B. 1) $53
érichomanis. Dicks. Scop. and Bot. arr. ed, ii, bt hedges, and wet shady heaths, April—Oct.
J, Shoots spear-shaped: leufits very entire. lanceola’tas
E. bot. 605—Dill. 70. 10-Mich. 5. 6 and 7-Happ. i. jung. 2
Grows in —_ patches, Shoots hardly 1 inch long, snp er divided into 2 or 3 branches. Leafits alternate, crowded the — ad aw betatichedi F ruit-stalk on ? an inch long, whic.
Caps. h brown or blackish. Wars, Shoots sometimes branched t Fivelaivain slender, pallid, cloven into segments. Moist shady banks, | Feb. March, a
plpote trailing, branched: -leafits a naps with 2 bidenta’ta, : : ulee ped, with 4 teeth,
E. bot. 606-Schmid. jung. f, 14-Dill. 70. 11—Fi. dan. 888-— aa 19. 8-H. ox. xv. 6s row.» “AZoM ahah 5. afin
Seca crum terminating > ee y S-cornered. Fruit-stalk whitish, tender, an inch long. Necx. Shoots 1 to 3 inches long, genera rally branched. Weis. beapi with 2 teeth at the end form. ing a half moon. ScHoitL. Leave s pale green, pellucid, alter- nate, fixed by a broad a to the rib, pointing upwards. Fruit. stalks Ie at the base, Capsules black brown. Ditt. and moistish heaths, and shady banks, © Oct.—Dec. Vi 5 . Smaller. ' Schmid. 64. 1-—Dill. 70. 12-Mich. 1s 13. Nai shorter, blunter, and less deeply cut than in the pre- ced Faab inflata. Huds. and Bot. arr, ed. ii. Shady moist places on Senilty and in Woods. Nov.—March.
J. Shoots branched: Jeafits with 5 teeth. '* guinque-
Dill. 71. 23-Mich. 6, 2, larger than our dieedta.t 3 cerita ta. Involucrum with 5 teeth, a line or more in length. Neck. Shoot Sienactirnes simple, taking root as it creeps along. Capsules appear in autumn ;, it blossoms in the spring. Leaves 4.sided, teeth or scollops from 1 to 6. Shoots crowded, 1 to i; inch long, in oe oyererd into forks, cnadi Creeping
4 oF Insstacram toothed, sngule Caps. black, Dit
macrorhi ‘za,
spheero- ceph’ala,
sphag’ni.
CRYPTOGAMIA, HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (B.2) West of Yorkshire. [In the ascent to Peyinani freck. - Lian. berris. Mr. Gairrita | April. J. en: upright, —— leafs alternate, slightly otched ;. open. Dick Dicks 5. 10.
, the uppermost purplish. Root large, branched! Dibos
perm = once mountains of Scotland. [Criby ere 18 Mr. pr IF Furi
J, Leal ts with 2 teeth’ fruit: stalks terminating or Jateral, ‘supporting a barren globular flower.
is Dill. Bhs 6. Si: whitish, creeping, — ee ng 2 ways. Leafits notched at the end, and the segm Dts sharp -peante Scor. Roots
— firmly to the ground. Fruit-sta Ths Rs short, hairy and
lateral. Capsules or powdery heads, pale green. afits ten- der, pellucid, cloven at the-end, opposite. -I have seen no other capsules than these powdery heads. Dutt.
Muium fissum, Linn. - Fung. fissa.. Scop. and Lightf. In wet places about Highgate, and on Shooter’s Hill near Eltham, and especially in a rivulet running through Pinal Wood, between Highgate and Mus Hill, . Scotland. Licu
Feb.—April. Drtt. —P. "March—Oct. Huns.
B. (2) Leaves winged : fruit-stalks lateral, or at the base.
J, Shoots taking root, fruit-stalks lateral : leafits ta very entire, tiled, pointing one way. Dicks. 6
. Dicks. 1.10,
ts. convexo-concave, all 2s one way, though placed in 2 rows, —— ping on each ot Caps. 1 or 2, issuing from the
shoot near he top or the bottom. Fruit-stalk
white, 2 inch high. Sheath whitish, oblong, brownish at the top, on #3. small, .roundish, brown; but rarely seen- Differs. from the YY, polyanthos. Linn. in the leaves, being of @ Rrownigh relies pointing one way, and also in the fibrous
Marshy olan frequent] adhering to Sphagnum palustre, near Croydon, Surrey, - : Cote May.
a
*
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (B.2) 855.
J. ge nana eng leafits broadish, epee with 3 angulo’sa, blun : capsule bell-shaped. “Dick Dicks. 4 5. ee 22-Hedw. theor. 18. 89 to oF he Be 10-Dill,: faa Bs a C. D.- E, Shoots simple or branched. Leaves flat, green, pellucid, end. ing in 3 blunt teeth, Distinct from F. erate the pinnules of which are eared and the leafits smaller Moist shady places. In Wales, ‘aa Sept.
J. Leafits flat, naked, strap-shaped. Viticulo'sa, Dill. 69. 7=Vaill. a. b. between f.7 and f. 2~Mich. 5. 4. Shoots 3 inches long ; branches 1 or 2 inches. Leafits ege- shaped, the edges fringed and bent back, so that they appear convex. fru:t-sta/ks on the mid-rib, mostly towards the lower part of the shoot, and at the origin of the branches ; an inch long, or aes gh cut into segments, Caps, ‘roundish, black, shining.
Shady ditch banks and roads in wet places. About Sling- ford, Sussex.» Dit P. March, April. J. Leafits a entire; Mislead? convex. - polyan‘thos.
‘Dill. 70. 9-Mich. 5. 5.
» Shoot raced 1 inch long, winged. Leafits alternate, egg. sha d, with a blunt point. Fruzt-stalk ¢ inch high, from the
nts Ilucid, tiled, j pag ates eg short, 4-cleft. Oh the fig. spa icheli Ke it are ill done, and roots are erroneously added to the flower.
oods, moist thady penny amongst moss, and on the sides of rivulets. Lead Hill, and between Darking and Cold Har- bour, Surrey, in marshy tices P, Mare h, April,
J, Fruit-stalks lateral ; leafits with 2 teeth, bicuspida'ta. Schmid. 63-E. bot. 281—Dill.. 70. 13~Mich. 0. \7rScbmid.
“be whe’
Fruit-stalhs 6 to 8 lines long. Capital eee brown. Dit. Shaats rah branched than in the ¥. didentata, and more limber, from $ to Linch long. Jvolucrum 2 lines ieee: at the origin of the branches, Se edi with 2 teeth at the end, forming an acute angle.
_ Shady places aS, ist woods, P, March, April.
J. Shoots upright, branched : leafits with hima un- minu’ta. derneath ; leaves roundish. Dicks, U. 13. Dill, 09. 2.
856
¢
ventrico ‘sa,
spinulo’sa,
pauciflo’ra,
undula’ta,
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Jungermannia. (C.1)
ry slender, branched. Leajits not distinguishable by the pay as alternate, roundish, pellucid, in single rows. Roots wer, fine woolly filaments fixed to the back of the mid-rib, Di
re mongst moss in the Sn eg of Scotland, [Summit of Carnedd Llewelyn. Mr, Grirriru, |
J, Fruit-stalks lateral: sheath spheroidal; leaves cloven, Dicks. il. 14.
Mich. 5. 15-Dill. 70. 148 Leann more deeply cloven than represented by Michell, Dic Woods,
J. Shoots upright, branched : leafits inser egg-shaped ; sharply toothed. Dicks, ii. 14 Dill. 70. 15. Fructifications not hitherto discovered. Drexs. Shoots up- right, or reclining, but not sacs branches numerous. Leaves rate, not closely set, dull gree llucid, the upper ones nealing with 2 or 3 teeth at the ne ; lower ones with more — am Sa ee toly on on ok side the leafit. ns of Scotland. Dicks. fone Ctib y y Daccell, +“ Cader Idris, Mr. GrifrirH.)
J, Shoots SHSEDING, ye ya a eanchdd thread- shaped + fruit-stalks lateral: leaves bowed i i Geeply sh sheaths conical, remote. Dicks. i
Dicks. a . a;
Leaves alternate, remote, cloven down to the hace * ; Wye equal, strap-awl-shaped, bluntish, concave, transparent, the 1 —— opaque, -Bructifications solitary, remote, Sheaths co-
ical, Fruit stalks as long again as the errr: Nearl
lied to the F, multiflora, and at first sight greatly resembling 1%
a from it in the number of its fruit stalks, ra eae
ear Croydon, growing on Sphagnum palustre. ‘JICKS»
Yadkin Mr, TEEsDALe. :
C. (1) Leaves abt? leafits with appendages: fi ruil
alks terminating.»
J. Shoots doubly an above: leafits roundish, very entire, wave
Vaill. 19, 6-Dill, 71.376
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Jungermannia. (C.1)
= y specimen accords with Vaillant, but not entirely so with
lena s. Leaves pointing from opposite lines, nding,
near, not at all tiled, t dispoebd:i in a double row a eek side,
alternate, pete re those underneath not being ma or ve,
united with all slightly waved. Linn. Leafits roundish, convex oe chore, concave underneath, connected by a small appendage near the rib, with the leafit above it. Jnvolz~
erum terminating, oblong, green, Frait-stalk white, 1 inch
long. Caps, roundish. Po Dut. Shady places. P. March, April,
J. Shoots doubly winged above: leafits fringed. Hedw. theor. 15-E. bot. 607—Dill. 71, 18—Mich. 5. 8. Leafits broad at the base, and enveloping the mid-rib, so that there appears no interstice between the leafits and the appendages or coloured scales placed above them. Wels. Plant mostly about 13 inch long, branched or unbranched, Leafits oblong, nume- rous, green, pellucid. Jnvolucrum terminating, broad; at first
leaning Dit oods rod moist shady places in Westmoreland. P. Match, April. *
853
nemoro’sa,
J. Shoots doubly winged above: leafits finely scolloped : resupina'ta.
tiled ; circular. Dill, 71s 19,
Very rarely flowers, Underneath resembling a nap. fodder: Plant 2 inches long. Leaftts (if magnified) appear edged with a double fringe, with appendages on the upper side. Neck. Stems forked, or imperfectly winged, lying one on another, rigid, brittle. Leaves in 2 tows; entire at the sides, but with 3 or more minute teeth at the end. Porticn. Grows crowded toge-
In clefts of rocks, mr on turf heaths, | P. April.
J. Doubly winged above: leafits strap-shaped ; bowed albicans,
Dill, 71. 20-Vaill. 19.5 Shoots 1 to 2 inches long, not creeping, S reclining, Wes. F, orming dense peenets one shoot lying on another, Leafits 2- rowed, 3 a line long, and % broad, ver entire; e ending in a blunt point. Besides these larger leaves, there is another set only half the size on the upper side of the miderib, i at the
cochleari-
for’mis,.
tesembling the leaves in : Ae re ae are sacidieh ¢ in others spoon-shaped ; and in ha
CRYPTOGAMIA, HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (C)1)
base of each larger leaf. om mci cylindrical, white, termi- nating. arren stems reddish at the ends, and con aining mi- nute greenish globules filled “es a powder. Porticu. Crowd wees simple or'branched ; whitish when ~~ ILL.
Woods and wet shady pees —s April.
> Sihewhit cylindrical, rather upright’ leafits concave, ‘roundish.
Dill. 69.1-Mich 5.16, but more evidently fringed than in
our plants.
Leafits pointing from’ 2 opposite lines, ‘ns yd egg-shaped, transparent, smooth, embracing the stem, pointed, each furnished with a very small earlike appendage. ave never seen any other than male plants. Linn. Stems hollow, reddish. Scop.
about a line in diameter, flat. Potticn. Varies greatly in/ap-’ soititeas The young plants in wet places crowded, upr ight. Leaves very small, roundish; ‘nearly “flat, * ers alternate, without appendages. When older, the leaves arelarger, more closely set, convexo-concay ey with scaly apes de at the oe In some plants when full
- gathered on nthe, banks of mountain lakes, I have
po bel ‘a green, pellu ucid, not crowded, almost embracing
the stem. Stosts sometimes branched, from | inch to a foo when growing in running water. Have not found it in dower: requently found it with fertile heads. Huns.
have found the cane filled with ripe seeds, but closely inve- loped by the leaves at the extremity of the plant, and probably never rising above the
Since writing the above I have received a specimen from Mr.. Griffith in’ fruit,’ -. fruit-stalk rn than’an ‘inch long. “He found it for the first time in this’ state, last summer, W rills were dry or Acaely so, and ei concludes. that it only flowers in very dry seasons. ° Possibly the es as and deli- cate fruit-stalk may be destroyed in rain
ung. purpurea, Scop. Lightf: and Bobyar arr. jade ii. a
Fungerma ogs, rivulets, and cascades’in moun tainous ohn Sed and in ditches and turfy heaths. On Cader Idris, Snows alyder, Dri... [In moist peat earth on ,
of Darteidie Devonshire: Mr, ee aa In all the rills per Snowdon. Mr. care P. March—Aug. Var. 2. Leafits very ent Smaller than the prec SPS Heng green, | not purple. Seems to be the variety mentioned by Dill, as essai in bogs. Specimens from J, W. SE Esq.
~
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Jungermannia. (C.2) 859 C. (2) se winged: leafits with appendages: fruit- talks lateral, or at the ba fase: the J. Shoots creeping, branched : leafits cechgete alter- ova’ta, sheathing invo-
nate, with appendages underneath : Jucrum inversely egg-shaped. Dicks. iii. 11,
Dicks. 8. 6, oa terminating and lateral. tavelusrim An i at top. On eehes heaths.
J. Shoots doubly: winged dunarieatn? leafits squarish, triloba’ta. slightly 3-lobed. Dill, 71, 22. A. B.
About 1 inch long, trailing, branches distant. Leafts with 3 to 5 shallow clefts at theend. Jnvolucrum about 2 lines long, terminating. F rait-ta lB very short. Weis. Sometimes bran
ing. Leaves flat, green, pellucid, with three blunt teeth
attheend. I have not found it in flower. Ditr.
Wales, Diu. On Crib y Ddeseil near Llanberris. Hups.
' P. March, April.
J. Shoots doubly compound: fruit-stalks lateral: leafits rep’tans, 4. only snipt towards the end : stipule 4-cleft. E. bot, 608—Schmid. 08—Dill. 71.24-Schmid. . Junge fe 8.13, nie len from the base. Caps. blackish, shining. Drut- Appendages underneath the leafits. Necx. Tender, creeping, irregularly gras limber, about 1 inch long. Leafs very minute, ending in 3 or 4 little teeth. Involucrum 3-sided, whitish, toothed. P ruit-stalk white, shining. © Caps. oblong.
egg-shaped. Wets. Dit
Moist shady places. P, Dec, April,
J. Shoots creeping, branched : Jeafits alternate, in sa multiflora, ° bristle-shaped, equal. Linn. Leaf simply winge flowering at the base. Huns. 510. Dill. 69, 4.
Shoots thread-shaped 4 4tolinchlong. Leafts short. We-~ Tnvolucrum central, numerous, crowded, white, i
BER. 7 cheese Sendec, white, long. Caps. large, reddish Shooters Hill, néar London. Diit. March. Hups.
860 CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Jungermannia. (D) D. Shoots tiled with leafits.
sa ope ta. J, Shoots creeping: leafits doubly tiled; with little scales underne mes branches of an equal breadth through-~ t.
FI. dan: 1062—Curt. “pill 79, 26—Mich. 5. 21.
Leafits circular. 3 ruitastalks terminating : very short. Neck. From i to 2 inches long, flat, irregularly branched, adhering close to the bark of =o in broad eee: soft to the —_ d
ccid when wet. Fruit-stalk hardly a line long, ri sing from
the origin of the branches as pA as from their extremities, out f a scaly involucram, which is lopped at the end. Caps. small, black, of short duration Wers. Dirt. Without visible roots. Plant pale or yellowish Sree dag but hardly pellucid.
Fruit-stalks solitary or in pairs ;
Trunks of trees, in hedges and iickets: EAS ESHIN most ina wet situation, P. Jan.—April.
dilata’ta. J, Shoots creeping : leafits doubly tiled; with little scales underneath: branches broader towards the end
Dill. 72» 27-Vaill. 19. 10-Mich. 6. 6-Neck. meth. \s 3, at
p- 278. afis circular, in’ a double - Neck. convex, eg and shtees narrower than in the F. peer Ath Involucrum tet~
minating the branches, 3-cornered. Necx. colour dark ret or reddish. Frait-stalk 1 line long. We1s. Dix. Shoots aM
Branches distant, winged. Juvolucrum mostly terminating, } in » Fruit-stalk very short. Caps, minute, globular: Hie LICH. Trunks of trees, closely adhering to the bark,
tamarisci- J, ee et compound: fruit-stalks terminating > fo'lia, ndish, with Se ties underneath ¢ sti- sai Rey EG note
Schmid. 07-Dill. ies 31-Mich. 6. 5—Vaill. 23, 10.
tly longer, crowded art ying one upon another, more slender, more branched, branches sibs eadth, blunt at the ends, not closely attached to oe tree on which it grows, but rather pear ing down. ‘The mid-tib is more exposed to view, and on the under side appears jointed, and covered with small séalés clovent at abe end, Fruit-stalk terminating, very short, Caps. brown
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATICAS. Jungermannia. (D) $61
yellow. Wes. Dit. Leafs circular, very entire. Caps. very minute. PoLiicu.
Trunks of trees and rock, P. Feb. March.
I. Shoots creeping, branched : fruit-stalks ee exci’sa, leaves tiled, concave, notched at the end; sheathi involucrum inversely oo Dicks. iii. 1.
Shoots eaitodiiaals closely nea with leaves, Juvolucrum CKs.
toothed at the top. Moist shady woods
J. Shoots trailing; tiled underneath: leafits heart-shaped, platyphylla. acute, © « he ;
ox. XV. 0, row 2. 44—Happ. iil. Fungermannia,
Shoots very much branched. Neck. Branches spreading. Scrott. About a finger’s length, growing in close patches : doubly winged. Leafits egg-spear-shaped, tiled in a double row with appendages underneath. Weis. Fruit-stalk short, lateral and terminating. Jnvolwerum blunt, compressed, about | line in height. Capsules minute, upright, smooth, shining, yellowish. Poxticu. Grows in large tufts on walls and trunks of trees one. ayer upon another, fixed only by the ends, irregularly branched. Leaves crowded, tiled, es thin, dark green, the edges and
the ends turned down.
On hes bei trees, pay on 1 walls, {Old walls, Panesy Suf. folk. Mr. Srone.] P. March, April.
Var. 2. ed shorter and rounder. Hat, z. 1872. Licurr. 785.
+ Dill. 72+33—Mich. 6. 3.
Leaves heart-shaped, rounder than in the preceding. Mid- rib entirely covered underneath by scales. Branches at right angles to the shoot, ve not seen itin flower, Dit.
Trunks of trees. Diu.
J. Shoots creeping, downy Hones leaves entire, very cilia’ris, dow wny. Enruart. Dicks Dill. 73. Sas y branches alternate, secondary ones al ternate like.
green, Y», extremely crowded, and very minute. Zz volucrum in she angles.of the branches, long, woolly, straw-co- Toured. Fryit-stalt white, pellucid, Caps. avtong, black. Drzt.
$62 CRYPTOGAMIA, HEPATIC AS. Jungermannia. (D)
Fung. Tomentella. Dicks. Moist woods and “heaths, and wet mossy places near rivulets in Yorkshire, Cumberland, and Westmoreland 3 in a small current of water which rans through
- Oldfall Wood between Highgate and Muzzle Hill, about Chi- ; chester, Sussex, and Darking, Surry. R. Syx. and 8 In the Highland mountains near Aberfeldy. Dicxs. [On adry sandy
bank on Brome Heath near Bungay, Suffolk, Mr. Srone. P, March, April.
- ga’ria. J. Shoots — brights 3 tiled ; pointing 2 ways :, leafits deeply divided
ilk e: 36-Mich. 5.9.
_pulcher'rima. J, Shoot creeping : —. doubly tiled ; appediliaie un-
derneath, frmged
Dill 69. oe Branches alternate, convex above, tiled with a double row of scales, and tiled with appendages underneath. Leafits and appen- dages fringed, with the fringe bent back, whence its rough .ap- pearance ; upper deaves often cloven. Linn. Shoots the length of win
straw-coloured. Caps; dark pas Weis. Leaves sometimes
LL. Fung. ciliaris. Sp. "7 On heaths in England ne Scotland Dicks. * Sides of Lochain y Gair. Mr. Brown. ] arch.
a ca. J. Shoots thread- shaped, bent at the ends: Jeaves 5 expand ing, pointing one way: fruit-stalks terminating, short. Dicks. iii. 12. Dicks. 8. 8s Leaves nerveless cloven, points acute; 3 together, or rather pointing in 3 directions. Mr. Se nipriti, Shoots trailing, branch- ed, Leaves tiled, but standing open ; spear-strap-shaped, chan-
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (D)» B63
neled, the point a little turned aks Fruit-staik short, crooked» Sheathing involucrum short, roun n shaded eee in 70 aR of Scotland. Dicks.
J. Shoots cylindrical, een leafits tiled on every side: jula’cea. owers on fruit-stalks Fi, din’ 1002.9—Dil]. 73. 38. Brittle. Fruit-sta/é terminating. Necx. Shoots slender, cy- lindrical, silky, from 4 to 1 inch high ; sometimes forke d. Leaves
al rising out of a toothed pains ee Ditt. Scales of the involu- crum cloven, membranaceous. Leaves when magnified cloven, not unlike those o Ciaede curvifolia. Mr. Grirrit
Wet rocks and by the side of rivulets on fender Idris, Glyder nowdon, and the Highland mountains, [On rocks on the
sides pa tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devonshire, Mr. New P. Sept. Oct.
J. Shoots cylindrical, somewhat compressed, closely tiled, concinna’ta; compact: leaves convex -and concave, smooth flowers on fruit-stalks. Ligurr. 786. Dill. 73. 38, F. julacea is spoken of by Lightf. as the best re- presentation of tte Grows matted in catty reddish brown above, pale green be-
m J. pies Mr “ FFITH. $ it not a variety of J. jalacea? Huns. 651 Rocks on the Highland ete frequent, {On Snowdon. ‘Mr.. Gairrite. } Sept aaa
J. Shoots cylindrical: leafits awl-shaped, pointing one rupes’tris. way
Dicks. b. s.—Dill. 73. 40.
The bale plant very short, being about one third of the length in, blackish, upright, seldom branched. Liyw. Shoots St curt rk green. Leafits bent back.,Javolucrum cylin. ~ drical, not tiled as in the J. alpina. Wener. Grows densely
tricophylla.
alpi‘na.
euryifo’lia,
CRYPTOGAMIA, HEPATIC.E. Jungermannia. (D)
erowded together, short, naked ee Leaves very ilpod reflected, dark green, blackish when dry, pointing one ways Involucrum very minute, Laaquina i as not scaly. Fraits stalk very short. Caps. very sm
On moist rocks on hd had Gly aN » Caernarvonshire 5 the north of England, ah the Highland demo talon: [Plentifully upon rocks on the sides and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devonsh. Mr. Newserry. | P, March—Oct.
J. Shoots cylindrical : Jeafits hair-like, equal. Schmid. 42. 1:te 23=Dill. 73. 37.
slender leafits, of a pale oe green. Fruit-stalk recto Involucrum \ong, cylindrical, cloven. Weis. en magnified the leafits appear divided quite down to the base into 3 or 4 awl- shaped segments, composed of globular joints. Fruit-stalk 3 inch Jong. Caps. black. Ltrrs. Leaves pale green, extremely, slen- der. Branches numerous, irregular. Dit
Fl, An
J. Shoots cylindrical: heafits, cg egg-shaped, expanding: in- volucrum tile
Dicks. h. Fl, dan. 1002. 1-Dill, 73. 39.
Shoots 3 to 1 inch high, crowded fa) ange in mie branching into short forks. Involucrum term eee ruit-stalk seldom found ; very short. Wzper. One a 2 ine pag be eg
ee brittle. Involucrum scaly, light ~ sctchilen the beech tree. Caps. dark red, et rocks on Snowdon and Glyder, Caernarvonshire, a bogs on Cader Idris. Dit. Andon the mountains of the nort of England. Hups. And of the Highlands. Licurr. [On the top of ¢ Glyder; and Carnedd Llewelyn. Gairriru.] P, April+Oct.
J. Shoots creepimg, branched, cylindrical: leaves =, segments.
roundish, taper-pointed, cloven, the hooked. Dicks. ii. 15 Dicks. 5.7. a be points of the leaves next to the involucrum upright. Lichter’ of Scotland. [Many places in the ascent to Crib v Ddeseil from Llanberris. On the summit of Carnedd Llewelyn also near Llyn Llumbren, Denbighshire. Mr. Garerita.]
Turfy heaths near North Brierly, Yorkshire. Rrcwarpson in — 3 P. April. :
oo 3
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Jungermannia. (D.) 865
J. pee ee creping) doubly winged above: fruit-stalk from cine’rea, ile Mice cylindrical : leaves rounded. Dies. se oO 6. 18=Diil, hos 28, ; rf Py Grows creeping upon other mosses. Shoots short. Leaves round, grey, very small, tiled. If immersed in water and m mag. nified, other secondary: Jeafts may be found spdazncath these. ILL
Woods. Bagley ‘Wood, neat pak inbas Dit.
J. Shoot very. short,. unBranched : leaves alee circular, pu’mila. nearly opposite: fruit-stalk very lon PLATE XVIII. f. 4. Grows matted together. Shoot simple, about 1-Sth of an inch high. Leafits 6 to 8 circular, entire, tiled, nearly opposite. Sheath toothed. Fruit-sta/k terminating, + of an inch long, or
Sent ita J. Wynne Griffith, am ah first discovered it on Cwm Idwe
TARGIO‘NIA. Tis 2 valves, jin con- taining at bottom a capsude, nearly globular, many-seeded. See vol. I. p. 3go.
T. Fructifications solitary: calyx open. Dicks. hypophy! Ta,
“E. bot. 287-Mich. 3, Targionia—Dill, 78. S—Buxb. 1.61.4— Col. ecphr. 1, p 33% f: 3386 Not Jarger than the little finger nail, Green, not pellucid: roughjwith white rising dots, Leaf heart-spear-shaped at first green, afterwards dark-purple, blackish underneath. | Fructifica- tion at the end, on t onder: side, the size of a vetch.. Calyx ack ; opening, containing the fruit covered with a rela skin, and filled with.a yallowiah pulp which rubs to powder be- tween the fingers, and stains them. Couumn.. ecphr.
Heaths and sides of ditches near Dawlish, Devonshire. _ P, Mareh—May.
as Fructifications crow together: pono perforated ogee” - the end. Dicks E. bot. See baich: " Skewarge Dill 78. 17, aalyx reticulated like the leaf of a Pigs bee Capsule® sitting ; brownish when ripe. Dicks. “he thick tops a this plant have much the appearance of some of the smaller Mosses and have, doubtless, on that account been overlooked; but they
Von. TH, sL
866
~CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Marchantia.
have a glaucous hue which instantly announces them to the eye accustomed to observe them. Mr. Woopwarp.
Spherocarpos terrestris. E. ia Bras 4 Heyden and Norwich. Mr. Bryanr. Very common on our cloverfields in autumn, on sandy lollits eo vith "Ricca glauca, the first year of the clover. Mr. Woopw.]
MARCHAN’TIA. Male: Calyx salver-shaped : anthers numerous, imbedded in its disk. Fem. Calyx target-shaped, flowering on the under side : capsules opening at the top: seeds fixed to elastic fibres.
. For a more particular account of the Barts of fructifica-
Ozs - tion, see vol. 1. pe 300, and 388.
polymor‘pha, M, Leaf bluntly lobed : calyx of the female flowers ft.
mostly 10-cle
Schmid. 29. 1,.to 30-Hedaw. theor. 24. 197, to 131, fructifica- tion-E. het, 210—Dill, 76. 6. E. F~Mich. 1. 1 and 3- Lon. i. 219. 2-Fuchs. 473, (misprinted 476) Trag. 523 Mazth. 1\038—Lob. obs, 646. 1. ic. ii. 246. 1-Dod. 473+ 2-Ger. em. 1505. 3—Ger. 1376-—Marth. a. C. B. egg Gars. 300.
A yellowish substance resembling a lock of wool roceeds from the capsules, appearing to move within them-w ilst the ed is falling out. Linx. From 3 to 5 inches long, 1 broad, bh a egy lobed ; dark green, shining.” F ctor oe in the s of the 8, 1 to 3 inches — Caps. reenish _ on into 8 or 10 segments. On the uppe = warluce We and there observe certain ae Faryad cal cups, on pedicles, with a wide and scolloped margin, Wets. hich in- close about 4 little bodies, very finely serrated at the a Po.uicu.- In Sipe somewhat resembling an oak leaf ; reticulated. Dit n wet Sliced both shady and open. On wet shady walks, and on the sides of wells and con P. June— Aug. Var. 2. Plant smaller; not shinin
Dill. 77. 7-Mich. 1. 2—Lob. obs. ae right hand fig. —Lab- it. 240—F, B: iii. 758: 2. Leaves smaller and ee than in 1; fine green, not shin- ing, not reticulated ; densely compacted one upon another, Dit On the north side of walls, and stones, and in ahany areas
- behind houses, Dix. July Sas
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATICAS, Marchantia,
Var, 2. Calyx with 8 clefts. Mich. i. 2s
M. Female calyx witht diviaionls§ seoments tubular, Dill, 75. 5-Mich. 4, Lunaria-Buxb. i. 62. 2, Crowded in its growth, sometimes beanched, ee leaves pro- ceeding from ne ese: of the old ones, from } to 1 inch long, pleasant green, not pellucid, not vein ed. sine a ith 4, and sometimes 5 asin Ditt. Fruit-stalk white, th brittle ; 1 to 2 inches hi r. OTACKHOUSEe
Shady courts and garden walks, P. June—Oct.
867 |
crucia’ta.
M., Leaf scolloped : female calyn 5-cleft; hemispherical.. hemisphze’s _
£. bot. 503-Schmid. 34—Dill. iV ba 2-Mich. 2. 2- Fi, dan. 762—Buxb. ii. 5. 16
Head hemispherical, with 5 globules underneath. Glodules bursting, and pouring out seeds. Linn. Leaf from } to 1} inch long, concave, edge ‘waved and scoll 3 at first simple, cloven when older, and a young - eraine from the end. Fruit-stalks an inch high, brownish, na
Sides oii rivers and wet uk! pe wet rocks.
P. April, May.
M. Leaf forked, mdented : female ealysis ‘eres egg: shaped, with about 5 cells undernea E. bot. 504-Schmid. 31-Hedaw. theor. 25, 134 to 136-—Mich. 3 1-D;/1. ya 1-Vaill, 38. 8-Fi, dam. 274-Col, ecphr. ‘331. 1—Park, 1314, 4.
Leaves pleasant pale green, slippery to the touch, c Heats 4 rom
, sembling warts. Linn. Fruit-stalks 3 or 4 inches ot trafis-
ance of the weal mre ar which per ns the seeds of the Lycoperdons. Mr. Woonw. Leaves in large clusters, indented, blunt, green, with Mids 2 white tubercles round on the banks of brooks i in shady places, and sometimes Saray Dit. an 8 common, but I have only
Ditchin eter Tenge rfolle, where I have observed it for some
_ Ditchingham. Mr. Sroxe. Road from Kingshill toCam, Glou- cestershire, in fruit, Mr, Baxer.] P. March, April. : 3L2
rica,
co nica,
868
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Blasia.
androg’yna. M. gual forked, ‘phereal, strap-shaped : female calyx en- ric
pusil’la,
na’tans,
e, hemisphe jae A, se Dill, Gile! 3. a C.-Mich. a 3—Dill. 75s 3.B. Shoots strap-shaped, forked, dotted: often notched at the
end; mid-rib blackish, Waser. Fruit-stalk terminating, } to
1 inch high. Plant green, strap shaped, smooth, flat, in forked
Under wet rocks on the niddcteling of Scotland, Dicks. ii. 17.
BLA/SIA. Male : solitary imbedded in the sub- stance of the le
Fem. Capsule ep 1- celled, crowned
with a tube through which the seeds escape.
Oss. For further particulars of the — see Vol. I. p- 368, and 390.
" Schmid. Blas.-Hedw. theor. oe 156 to 164=Di/7. 31. 7= Mich. 7, Blasia—Fl. dan. 4 Seeds when ripe flowing out Ps a cup cylindrical vessel, so small that Gee figure is not disc to the naked eye Linn. suec. m, 1053. Leaves ina wt a yaa 1 to 3 inches in diameter, deep purple at the base, gre at the edges, jagged. ws in a circular form in shady places. Leaves thin, green, pellucid, i whitish veins towards the base, waved at the cloven at the ends. _Fruit-sta/k 1-8th of an inch high, several rising in cee from near the ends of the leaves. Dru. the sides of ditches and rivers in a sandy soil. Hups. At
the breaking of Medlock ie Bank at Feasington Wood be-
aH
arret and Knotmill; about a mile from Manchester. Hasttoa: in ted 238. Near Halifax. Botron. On Hounslow Heath, Hup P, Aug.—Nov.
RICCIA. Capsules sitting, globular, 1-celled, growing at the apex of the leaf, and con- taining from 20 to 30 brown or white seeds. See vol. I. p. 368, and 391.
R. Leaves inversely heart-shaped ; fringed.
E. bot. 252-Dill. 78. 18. The edges of the leaves are not really fringed, es assume that appearance in con sequence of their sending out fibrous roots. A :
EBER, ut ; an inch long. Fringe epetines white. Scuott, Leaves sometimes only inversely egg-shaped, and \
,
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Riccia.
Pools about Hadley, Suffolk. Buppie zz Dill. 537. [Saw ston brake Cambridgeshire. Mr. Ricein: J A. Aug.—Oct,
R, Leaves smooth; deeply divided: acute. Dill. 78, 11-Mich. ae 6, maguified-Schmid. 45. 5, ends of the segments blu Shoots hardly a ies in cts igre forked, entire and pointed, or else notched at the ek: In the substance, and to. wards the base of the leaf, in the month of October we may ob- serve greenish globules, changing to brown and then to black.
On Black Heath fo = eee Ditt. In rags that have been overflowed. ov. Dec. R. Leaves smooth, channelled, 2-lobed, blunt.
Schmid. 44. 1-Hedw. theor. 29. 165 to 174-Vaill, 19. 1- F?, dan. 898, 1=Mich. 57.4~—Dill. 78. 10-Buxd, ii. 5, 5e
I have frequently observed black spots immersed in the sub- stance of he leaves, which are what Micheli has described as copa full of seeds, and which has been since clearly ascer.
ained by Hedwig. Mr. Woopwarp. Leaves small, the under <ie firmly fixed to the ground, adhering. at the base to each other, deeply divided, Potticxu. whitish green, thick, slippery, very smooth, broadish, furrowed on the upper side, frequently forked ; segments blunt. Weser, . Growing in a circular form. Leaves iy issuing from. a centre, often cloven. Roots. fine black fibr m the under surface of the plant which floats on the water, ne hist. I have never seen it on the water, but in
gamed rowing with Targionia Spherocarposy and at the same time. Mr. Woopwarp. In clover stubbles near Bungay, 8 Suffolk, requent. Mr, Sronz.] A. Oct —April. R. Leaves forked ; strap-thread-shaped.
Vaill. 19, 3-Dill. 74. 47—Mich. 4. 6-E. bot. 251—Pet. mus.
2. 253—F/, dan. 27 5. having myself seen its fructifications, it is still a doubt
whether it really belongs to this genus. Linn. Floating in stag nant water ; brown green in spring, pure green in summer. Di
Ditches and sides of pools. 2 Viiewedhi.
869
min’ima.
glau’ca.
flu’itans,
* 870 CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC, Anthoceros.
fruticulo'sas R, Leaves upright, compressed, variously _ branched ; branches upright, forked, awl-shaped,
Fl. dan. 898. 3. Its habit that of Sag, Tere furcaia, Colour verdigris, or greenish blue. Dicxs. It produces viviparous germs towards
the ends of the ficiche. The verdigris colour 1s not constant. T sus a ee be found to be a Janpereaanias Mr. Brown,
ANTHO'CEROS. Capsule be 2-valved : seeds fixed to the partition or to the valves.
Oxs. For more. particulars of the fructification see vol. I. p. 367, and 3. 390.
puncta’tus, A. Leaf curled, indented, jagged, dotted. Schmid. 47~Dill. 68. 1~Mich. 7. 2—Fl, dan. 396. Caps, and fruit-stalks from 1 to 3 inches long, spreading wide in shady places. Leaves short, scolloped, Jagged, shine poled, dee; the whol Fruit-stalks green, numerous, s hole plant turns black when dried in pape oer s deep green, crisp, resembling Jungermannia pingrin pata Mu Weal simple, issuing out of a lopped sheathing in- volucrum. Caps. at the end of theffruit-stalk ; valves 2, bursting. Seeds wake ws a columnar receptacle. Mr. Woopwarp. Dots on the leaves black. Weser, On heaths in moistish shady places, tee td fen, ae Rey Suffolk, near the direction post. Brom ae eis blk be the borders between the high = t Poesy grou : Pe 8 per
levis. A. Leaf undivided, indented, smooth, levis. d Dill. 68. 2. = When t is of a rich velvety green colour: the tex- ture most foaet when held to the light, but without spots, says Mr. Stacxnouse, who thinks this _ A. punctatus may pre robably be one and the same species ; levis the plant when arren, punctatus when see a re oe spots when Dal it 28 nified oe clusters of see. ie Howe owers ; and pone - 1, and
{ f i
CRYPTOGAMIA. HEPATIC. Anthoceros. 871
A. Leaf with doubly winged clefts; segments strap-shaped. multifidus. Dill. 68. 4.
Dillenius had not discovered this plant, but figured it from specimens sent b Haller. Iam indebted to Mr. Dickson for it. Somewhat resembles the Riccia fluitans, but the segments are pointed, not lopped at the end.
END OF THE THIRD VOLUME.
INDEX
_ TO THE
SECOND AND THIRD VOLUMES.
GENERIC names in small capitals.
SPECIFIC names in roman print.
~ Synonyms d
an English names
: — ee ACER
campestre
369 ADOXA
362 Moschatel-
p 363 ina Pseudo-platanus 362 Agilops incur-
Acetosa-rotun-
trapezifo rme ONIS
zstivalis
autumnalis
350 ZEGoropIuM 724 Podagraria 725 ALTHUSA
8
336 AGRIMONIA 747 Eupatoria 758 Agrimony 748 AGROSTEMMA 758 Githago
AGROSTIS © 747 alba, 749 alpina 760 canina 473 Canina 473 capillarcs 745 _ littoralis g65 maritima
minima
765 minima 753 migra 492 pallida 492 paiuftris 492 polymorpha
\ in italic.
pumila
Spica-venti 380 stolonifera stolonifera 69 sylvatica 310 _-vinealis 310 vulgaris 300 AIRA 300 aquatica _ ele) guat. dis- 34 tans 434 caerulea 34 . Caspitosa 422 caryophyllea 22 canescens 124 — cristata 129 \ flexuosa 128. montana 126 = precox 128 = setacea 33 «varia 128 AJUGA 132 Chamzpi- 133 thys 146 alpina. 130 pyramidalis
12 reptans 126 ALCHEMILLA 193 alpina
tate OE = _mtensctaiepinacne Pea nit
INDEX TO VOLUME TI. AND III.
alpina 203 ANAGALLIS
vulgaris 202 arvensis
der 204, 254 carulea Alehoof © 1 — Alexanders 305 ANCHU ALISMA 5 saehatinion
4 Damasonium 355 ANDROMEDA © lanceolata © 356 polifolia
ranunculoides 355 apennina Alisan 305 nemorosa Allgood 266° pratensis
S All-heal = 518, 521 ~—- Pulsatilla
234° arvense » 294 » Cymbalaria 234 ~ Elatine 235 Lwaria majus a minus 389. monspessula- 389 num 366 =Orontium 488 repens 489 — repens 88 — spurl 488 Aparine 488 minima
Allseed 176,269, 318 © ranunculoides 489 APHANES hanet ° i
222 ANETHUM arvensis ALLIUM 325 Feniculum 306 APIUM am pelopra- Amse go8, 30g graveolens sum 326 ANGELICA 293 Apple-Tree
arenarium — 326 sylvestris: carinatum 326 angelica
oleraceum 327 = archangelica seaerg bles 328 arvensis ursinum 328 Cotula vineale 927 maritima ALoprcuRnUs 119 nobilis agrestis 11g . tinctoria bulbosus 120 ANTHERICUM geniculatus 120 calyculatum
genic. julhens 120 calyculatum
monspeliensis 121 - ossifragum panice €us:/" 121 serotinum pratensis 119 —— ventricosus 122 levi ALSINE ‘913 cobibdie aquatica 412 punctatus ontana 412 ANTHOXAN- longifoha, Bc, 412 THUM media 313 odoratum ALTHEA | §98 ANTHYLLIS
officinalis §98 Vulneraria AMARANTHUS 174 ANTIRRHI- Blitum 174 .1.NUM
293 AQUILEGIA 4 vulgaris
293 ARABIS
21 ~arenosa
21 stricta 722 thaliana 723 Thalana 723 ‘Turrita 724 ARBUTUS 331 alpina 332 Unedo 952 Uva-ursi
932 Archangel 516, 332 ARCTIUM 870. ~— Lappa
70 ARENARIA 871 jumiperina 870 laricifolia
arina
58 edia
58 peploides 614 rubra 614 rubra
ieaseritlolia
5938 — tenuifolia
873
874
INDEX TO VOLUME IIL. AND HI.
trinervia 4 13° alternifolium- - verna 415 Ceterach _ Argentine 688 lanceolatum ARISTOLOCHIA 354 marinum Clematitis $54 . Yuta-muraria TYOW-8TASS B52. peepee Arrow-head §o2 Arsmart °373, 374 A chaste ARTEMISIA 692, Trichomanes Absinthium 694 J?ricamanes campestris g2__-viride cerulescens 695 ASTER maritima 693 Tripolium vulgaris 694 ASTRAGALUS RUM 487 © danicus maculatum 487 glycyphyllos ARUNDo 166 hypoglottis arenaria 167 —_uralensis Calamagros- ATHAMANTA tis 167. Libanotis Calamagrostis 123 eum Epigejos 167 Oreoselinum Epigejos 123 Athanasia- phragmites 166 maritima Asarabacga 431 ATRIPLEX AsaruM 31 erecta europeum 431 hastata Ash-tree 57 laciniata Ash-weed 310 _ littoralis Asp 369 tul “ASPARAGUS 3933. pedunculata officinalis 333 portulacoides Aspen-tree 363 Atriplex valus, ASPERUGO 207 & procumbens 227 ATROPA ASPERULA Belladonna pie 183. AVENA 183 elatior Asphodel 333) 352 fatua Asphodelus lan=. flavescens castrie 933: 7952. nuda ASPLENIUM 750» >pratensis > Adiantum ni- pubescens grum 754 ~strigosa
752 Avens 468, 6 ,470 1 Awlwor : ae’ aa 754 rons 2 753 procumbens 235 53 BArvora 522 750 nigra 522 751 Balm 529 752 Bane-berries 473 - 753 Bank-cresses. §73 752 Barberry 344 710 Barbula rigida 797 710 convoluta 799 628 Barley 171, 172 629 BarTsIA 31 629 alpina 34 628 Odontites 532 3° viscosa 531 289 Base-Rocket. + 437 289 Basil 5245 527 go1 Bast 480 289 feces: Cress 558 ard-Parsley 282 691 Bevierd Puli. 269 tory 725 271 Batchelors-but- 270 tons 727 269 Baum §28, 529 271 Bawd-money . 391 70 Bear-berries 39° 276 Bearsfoot 203, 5°14 269 Beech Tree 30 Bee-flower 271 Beet 273 249 Bell-flower 237, 238; 250 239, 240, 241 163 BELLIS 7437 163 _ perennis 717 164 Bent 126, 133 165 BeRBERIS 344 164 vulgaris 344 165 Ber 273 165. maritima 275 166 Bethlem-star 330
INDEX TO VOLUMEII. AND III. BETONICA §20 Blue-bottle 727 miymorphee 159
officinalis 520 Bog-moss 767 ram Betony 13, 520 Bog-rush 78 ade ors BETULA 203 Borage 227 _-sterilis 161 alba 203 Boraco 226 . sylvaticus 164 alnus .. 204 _ Officinalis 226 Brooklime 14 nana 205 Bottle-moss 778 Brook-weed 243 Bivens... 689 Box 209 Broom 610 _ cernua 689 Brakes 748, 749 Seuncate 547s 548 minima 690 Bramble 459,461,462 Bruisewort 400 tripartita 690 Branks 378 Baroni 66 Bifolhum palustre 35 BRAssICA 579 _ dioica 66 Bulberries 305 campestris — 579 Bryony 66, 337 Bindweed 235,379 campestris, BrRyUM 792 Bird-grass 1 Be. 579 aciculare 732 Birds-Cherry 446 monensis 581 acutum 806 Birds-eye 231 = muralis 572 zestivum’ 809 Birdsfoot 627. Napus 589 a@stivum 809
Birds- om 29, 32, oleracea 581 alpinum 824
285, 389 orientalis 579 androgynum 819 Birch tree Ae rapa 580. annotinum 788 wr turrita 579 apocarpum 792 Bistort 376, 24 erage 213 -argenteum 821 Bitter-cresses §69 Bri 148 aureum 82% Bitter-sweet 251 es 149 barbatum 812 Black berried media 148 bipartitum 818 eath 176 minor 148 brevifolium 814 Black-berry 461 Brome-grass, 159. caspiticium 7914 Black-thorn 448 160,161, 162 calcareum 796 Bladder -Campion Bromus 159 callistomum 802 404 altissimus 161 canescens 808 Bladder-nut-tree 313 arvensis 162 capillaceum 814 Bladdersnout 18,19 arvensis 161 capillare 788 attaria hispa- asper 161 carneum 820 ca 8 erectus 160 Celsii —lutea 248 giganteus 162 cerviculatum 796 Buasia 868 = fursutus 1 = cirrhatum 7 pusilla 868 hordeaceus 160 cirrhatum , 808 Blea-berries 364 madritensis 161 convolutum 799 BLECHNUM 749 montanus 161 crispatum 816 Spicant 749 ©0muralis 161 crispum 10 inks 376 nemoralis 161 crudum 791
pinnatus 162 ~—cubitale
Blit 8s Die iese 197, 3 pinnatus 198 cuneifolium 794
875
876
,
INDEX TO VOLUME If. AND Hf.
Daviesii 818 dealbatum = 799 ~ delicatulum 3209 Dicksoni 809 elongatum 815 ericetorum 80 extinctorium 800 81 fasciculare 798 faciculatum 811 flagellare 814 flavescens 13 flexifolium 799 flexuosum = 817 Jontanum 83 Forsteri 798 Slaucu 435 Hemmii 798 heteromallum 7%4 — hornum 788 hygrometricum 787
hyperboreum 811 hypnoides 802
eee 802.803, im Velen 812 Inclinatum —§ 818 incurvum 780 lanceolatum 807 lanuginosum 802 Jaterale 806 Jineare 820 linoides 80 longifolium 816 macrocarpon 805 marginatum 824 mnioides 821 mucronula- um 800 murale 794 murale 794 - nigritum 823 ~~ obtusum 705 ovatum 795 pallidum 802
paludosum = 796 ~ unguiculatum 813 parvulum 815 I 10 _patens - 805 — ventricosum 787, paucifolium 797 791 pellucrdum 785 — verticillatum 804 pennatum 804 w OL polyphyllum 808 © virtdulum 798 iforme 5 viridulum- 8ot pulvinatum 823 kb goons 811 purpureum 786, © 822 Sis ake, 231, 232 pusillum 795 Buckshorn 196 pyriformée © 795 Buckthorn 254, 257 recurvatum 821 Buckthorn, sea 202 recurviros- Buck-Wheat 378. trum 812 Buddle 719 reticulatum © 804 BUFFONIA 203 rigidum 797 . tenuifolia. 203 rubrum 784 Bugle 506 rufescens 801 Bugloss . 924,228 rurale 819 Bugloss-cowships 2%4 Scoparium 783 Bullace 448 Sericeum 822 Bull-rush 75 sericeum 822 Bumblehites 46 Serpylifolium 788, BuNiaAs 55% 789, 790 Cakile 551 sessile 793 BUNIUM 286 setaceum 799 Bulbocasta- simplex 7 num 286 splachnoides 811 Bulbocasta- steltatum 9 num 207 stelligerum-’ 806. flexuosum = 287 striatum 793,810 BuPLEURUM 280 striatum 794 rotundifolium 280 Strumiferum 816 “tenuissimum 280 Subulatum = 815 ao Sapees: 722 tectorum 793 Burnet 197 483 tenue 811 Burnet-Saxi , tetragonum 81 Ta 30 , eee rind i 289, 678 trichodes 784 Bur-weed ‘112, 113 trifatium 810 Bikchers-beson A triquetrum 791’ BUTOMUS. truncatulum 801 umbellatus a6 undulatum 819 Butter Geggs 54%
Seat FR So aiiaere eae
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND Ill.
Butierbur 704 patie 496, 599 Butte
ButicP tert 17
BuXBAUMIA 774 foliosa 774 UXxUS 209 sempervirens 209
CAbbage 5705 509, 681, 582
CaLamMaGros- TIS 122 _ arenaria 123 colorata 124 Epigejos 123 lanceolata 129 Variegata 124 Calament 528 Calamus 337 CALENDULA. ‘729 arvensis 729 Calf’s-snout 524 CALLITRICHE 5 autumnalis 6 verna CaLTHa o1 alustris §o1 Galirops 210 Camline 55k Cammock 613 CAMPANULA 237 glomerata 239 hederacea 240 hybrida 241 latifolia 23 atula 298 Rapunculus 23 rotundifolia 237 Trachelium» 239 Campion 404, 405, 416, 423, 424 Canary- rass) 4N4 Candoc. i 479
Candytuft 564 § Canterbury- bells 239, 240 Capons-taa gras 152 Caraway 30 ee 565 568 bellidifolia 565 flexuosa ss §67 hirsuta 56 hirsuta 566, 567 im patiens 566 impatiens, 3c. 566 minor, OC. 66 parviflora 567 petra 566 pratensis 568
pumila 505,577 Cardinal fiower242 Carpbuvus 681
pe 681 aulis 687 arvensis 681 crispus 682 eriophorus 684 elenioides 68 heterophyllus 686, 687 lanceolatus 683 marianus 684 nutans 683 palustri 1 polyacanthos 682 pratensis 85 tenuiflorus 681 Carex 81 acuta 109 acuta ae ampullacea 110 arenaria go atrata 105 axillaris 89
brizoides $8
cxspitosa 107 canescens 88, 93 ses: a aris 101 88 clandestina 96 curta 88 depauperata 102 digitata 95 dioica 86 distans too disticha gt divisa 92 divulsa 93 elegans 104 extensa 99 filiformis 98 98 flava 100 gracilis 110 hirta 111 incu 89 intermedia Oi leporina 89 103 montana 100 muricata 2 ovalis 8 pallescens 103 paludosa °9 panicea 100 paniculata 94 atula 87 auciflora 7 5 dul 96 pilulifera 105 precox 97 pseudo-cype- rus 104 pulicaris 86 recurva 103° remota &9 rigida 106 riparia 1908 rostrata kik
878
-
INDEX TO VOLUME IL AND IIL.
Spicat 93 Scabiosa 728 CHENOPODIUM 265 stellulata 87 _ solstitialis 729 «album 267 stricta 107 Centory 192,252 Bonus-Hen- strigosa g6 CENTUNCULUS 196 ricus 265 sylvatica 102. minimus 196 glaucum 268 teretiuscula 95 CERASTIUM 425° hybridum = 267 éomentosa alpinum 425 Maritimum 269 uliginosus 30 aquaticum ~ 428 urale 268 wentricosa 102. arvense’ 426 olidum 268 vesicaria yo2,111 latifollum. 426 pelyaps ret 268 vesicaria 110. pumilum 427 266 vulpina 93 semidecan- wrbicum 266 Carina 688 aren 427 267 _ vulgaris 688 tomentosum 427 Gieuere Daf- _Carline- Plidamass, 427 fodil 329 Thistle 689 viscosum 425 © ‘ses Tree 447 Carpinus 433 _ vulgatum 425 = Cherul 302, 303, Betulus 433 CreRATOPHYL- 304 Carum 306 LUM 431 Chesnut Tree 4957 Carui go6. demersum 432 Chickweed 5, 11, arrot 5 submersum 432 16,17,175, 209, Caryophyllus Cu#zROPHYL- 403, 412, 413 holosteus, ec. 4.27 LU 303 CHIRONIA 252. ees 405,406, sylvestre 303 Centaurium 252 407, 408, 424 temulum 304 ~ pulchella 253 Ratcboee 190,227 Chadlock §83 CHLoRA 363 - Cat-mint 508 = Chaffweed 196 perfoliata =. 63 Cats-ears 675, 676 Chamamelum 723 CHRYSANTHE- _ Lats-foot 515, 697 somgatig el eb 1723 MUM 717 Gats-milk gg Cotara 1 inodorum = 718 Rasta 142, 114 Gexilis 3 Leucanthe- ° ~ Cauca 282 hispida 3 m 717 Anthr al 283 orig 1 segetum 719 arvensis 283 — vulgaris 2 CHRYSOSPLE- daucoides 282 Peon pple 575 NIUM —- 992 helvetica 283. Cheiri 575 alternifolium 9392 latifolia 283 sinuatus 57 Say oe 393 Jeptophylla. 282 CHERLERIA 416 urnst ! odosa 284 _ sedoides 16 = Cicelyg00,301 393 pumilis 282 CHELIDONIUM 473 CicHoRIUM 677 Scandicina _ 284 corniculatum 474 Intybus 677 Centaurea 726 Glaucium 474 Cichory 678 Calcitrapa 728 hybridum © 475 CicuTa 299 yanus 726 laciniatum ° 474 virosa 299 1 727 majus 473 CINERARIA = 712
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND IIt. Ba
—— 741; “yA sGorenaes bidens 3> 744 Club rusk 7 : 74, 76 CoRIANDRUM 78 Sati
7 Coralwort ‘oriander
lyvum
integrifolia 713 Cluster-cherry 446 Corn-berries 365 palustris 713 COCHLEARIA 560 Corn-cale 583 Cineraria anglica 563 Cornel 198 op na 14 Armoracia 63 Corn-jlo 727 ampestris 714 Coronopus. 563 Corn-parsley 296 Cingufl Paes 474, danica 62 Corn-rose 477 didyma §64 Corn sallad 65 tess 9 groenlandica 625 CoRNus 198 alpin officinalis 560 — herbacea 198 lutetiana ackle 423 sanguinea 198 Cirsium angh- Cocksfoot 149,150 suecica— . 198 cum 686 Cockshead 628, Sage Corn-violet 241 britannicum, ORRIGIOLA 313 ss. He 686 Codded-mouse- littoralis 313 Cistus 481 ear 577 CoryLus 371 guttatus 481 Codlings& cream 359 | Avellana 9714 Helianthe- CoLcHicuMm 9352 Cotton-grass 71,72 mum 482 autumnale . 353 Cottonweed 9 t hirsutus 481 Colewort. 236, 552 Cotula alba 22 marifolius 481 im a 704, 705 Cotula fetida 723 politolius 482 Columhi 85 Cotula non fetida 722 sae 481 ComMARUM 470 COTYLEDON = 417 us 428 palustre 479 17 Cistus ay 481, +482, seule 226 . Umbilicus |. 417 : 483 Couch-grass 173 umbilicus 417 Clary 20 Couch-wheat 173 Cowbane 300 Cleavers 190 CoNnIUM 237 Cow-parsley 303 CLEMATIS 490 maculatum. 287 Cow-parsnep 291 Vitalba 490 CONVALLARIA 334 Cowquakes 149 Cliffe-Kale 552 majalis 334 Cowslips 230 CLINOPODIUM 524 multiflora Cow-weed 303 vul §24 Polygonatum 335 Cow-wheat 534, 535. wers 1go__—rverticillata =. 334 §36 Clotweed 278 CONVOLVULUS 235 Coxcomd © 532 Clotthurr ge arvensis 235 Crab-Tree 53 Cloudberry sepium 236 Crake-berries 376 642, e46 Soldanella 236 Crake-needle go2 Clover 632, 636, 637. Conyza RAMBE 561 squarrosa 701 maritima 561 Club-grass 73.759 a Cop-rose 477 Cran-berrtes 365
4 Craneshill. 587, Bs
690 589, 599, 592, 391 = §93, 594, 595 gol
59 304 Crap 167, 378
-
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND If
Canute 449 °° cristatus 150 oie 3 — 449 echinatus 150. ‘cas 402 Deeeserck, 450 CyPERuUS 77 Catyophvige 401 torminalis’ 449 acicularis 78 Caryophiyllus rn Cresset 553 longus » 78. deltoides 4o2 Crosswort, 184,190 nigricans 77.» glaucus 403 P 672 Cyperus 79 proliter 401 biennis 674 2 stelle: grass 77,97 | virgineus 103 foetida 672 €yphel 416, 444 Dicranum 785 tectorum 673 CyPRIPEDIUM 43. aciculare 782 CrirumuM © 290° calceolus 43 cervrculatum 796 puvines 98 erispum 810
149 aff cima 67,66 D ‘sie globin 149 heteromallum 734
Sativus 67 stricta 149 longifolium 816 vernus' 68 Dafodi! 925 6 pusillum 815 Crocus 68 Daisy © 917) 718 ee 783 Crow-berries 176 Damewort 6 * ate EN ABA Crow-flower 424 Dandehon 663, 664, Se yexssa 545 Crowfoot 4945 495 665), 666 purpuréa! "545 496, 499 Danewort 311 Dill HN OARE® Crow-Garhe °° 997 DAPHNE -'370 Diesacus 180 Cuckow-bread- 422° Cneorum' 971 “ fullonum: —180 Cuchow-flower 423, ree 371 © pilosus 2 t180 424 370 © sylvestris 180 Cuchowpint 487 Darnel > ner 169 Dittander 558 557 Cucupatus 403 Datura 248 Dock 347, 348, 349, bacciferus 40g . Stramonium’ 248 © 350, 351 Be h 403 Daucus © ©» 984 Dock-cresses’ 677 Carota 2885 Dodder 8g
Otit 404 7 Cudteed 691, 696, . maritimus 286 Dombi tree 198 972698, 699,700 polygamus’ 285 Dogs-grass 473 eure 2592 260,261 Dead-netile 516, 520 Dogs-Mercury © 385
Cuscu 206 Dead-tongue 298 Dogs-tail 190,151 Beiaheciianl 207 Dee-ncttle 516 Dogs-wheat wre] 4 europea 206 Deers-hair 73 Doronicum” 716
Cyathea incisa 764 Drtpuintum 484 _ Pardalianches 716 CycLaMEN 231 Consolida- 484 — 680,690. curopeum 231 Dens leonis, Sc.'665 Dra 553
CyNocLossum 9293 Denrarta — > ibe 8 ‘ Pics 2: _ officinale 123 .-bulbifera. »»§65 © smuralis 554 sylvaticum 224 Devilsabie 194 664 © stellata © 554 CyNosurus 150 Dewsberry 454 vernae 554 cexruleus... 151 Diantuus 401 Drank 16
=ca@rultus ~ 140 ~~ Armeria 401 Beopwort 297, .
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND It.
sone 318 montanum 9360 cheirantho- anglica 319 palustre 360: * ides 574 longifolia = 31g parviflorum 359 officinale’ =— 573 rotundifolia 318 parviflorum 360 EUPATORIUM 690 4 tetragonum 360 cannabinum 690 octopetala 469. villosum 360 EurHoRBIA ~~ 437 Duckmeat 43,44 EriMEDIUM 197 amygdaloides 443 Dutch-Agrimony 691 alpinum 197. Characias 442 Dutch-myrtle 206 EQuisreTuM =. 796s Cyparissias 443
.
Dutch-Rushes 740 arvense 736 Esula 442 Dwale 250 ~— fluviatile 738 exigua 438 Dwarf-Bay 370 hyemale 740 helioscopia 440 Dwarf-Elder 311 limosum 738 hyberna’ 441 Dway-berries 250 palustre. 737 Paralias 439 Dyers-weed 437,610 sylvaticum 736 Peplis 437
ERIca 366 Peplus 438
Arth-moss 768 cinerea 368 = platyphyllos 441 789, 770,771 Daboecia 366 platyphyllos 441 Earth-nut 287 © didyma 367 portlandica 439 EcuinopHora 280 — Tetralix 367 segetalis 490, 441
spinosa 28 nin 366 stricta 440 Ecuium 228: vulgaris ©. 367 verrucosa «440
italicum 228 ERIGERON 701 EUPHRASIA’ 532
violaceum 228 = acre goz Odontites 533
vul ~~ 228 alpinum 702 officinalis 532 “LATIN 380 canadense 701 EvonymMus 254
Alsinasrum 380 Er10CAULON 182 europeus ~~ 254
312 septangulare 189 Everlasting 696 AEE 715, ERIOPHORUM 711 Eyebright 533
716 alpinum 2 EXACUM 191 Elm 274 angustifolium ? 1 filiforme 191 Erymus 169 _ polystachion
arenarius 179 polystachion fs = 435
caninus 170 oe Castanea 495
caninus 174 ERv 655 sylvatica 436
europeus 1790 bisisiiits 626 Fair-maids of oo em 176 soloniense 624 February = 324
176‘ tetraspermum 625 Fat-hen ° Enchanterscuort | ERYNGIUM 278 Feaberr i
6
campestre 27 Featherpiass 163
Erion 958 maritimum 278 Felwort 275, 277
: 361 Eryn, — ee 279 Fen-berries 965
she sr 358 Erysim 572 Fennel 5, 306 hirsutum 359 Alliaria 574 Fern 747,7 748, 7
hirsutum 369 Barbarea $73 4
Vou. ILL. 3M
881
882
Fescuegrass 151,152, Fissidens adian-
1539154155. 1560, toides 827 FRITILLARIA 328 157, 1§8, 159 ryovde 26 Meleagris. 328 FEstTuca polycarpos 808 Aare, 329 bromoides , 151... Strumfer 816 ut 387 cambrica 155 Liwe leaved grass 465 irezs- lettuce. +210 decumbens 158 Lag 69,70 FUMARIA 606 decumbens 148 Flax 9316, 317, 318 .<capreolata. 607 dumetorum 154 Fleabane, 701, 702, claviculata 607 duriuscula. 153-703, 71 intermedia 606 duriuscula Fleawort . 713,714 lutea 606 dumetorum 154 Flx-weed 572 0 minor 606 elatior 155 Flower deduce 69 officinalis 606 elatior 156 Flowering-Fern 747 Sele 4 fluitans 156 Flowering-Rush 386 flutt. prat 156 Fluellin, a ~ fara 612 labra 154 Fluelli Loliacea 157 FONTINALIS 33 Gervais 924 myurus ~151~ alpina 773 nivalis 324 ovina 152 antipyretica 771 Gal: 206 pinnata 258 capillacea 773: Ge.rospeeell a 9 pinnate. 158, minor 772 «luteum 519 159 | pennata 772 GALEOPSIS 517 Sratchiag 5 on secunda 773° cannabina §18 rubra — 772 grandiflora §18 sylvatica 1 38 Foo s-parsle 300. Ladanum 517 tenuifolia . 255-Fools-stones 23, 24 Tetrahit §18 etch © 22 Fowlgrass 143°» villosa §18 Feverfew 720, 721, Foxglove 245,545 Galingale +79 Ficaria verna~ 493 Foxtal oe 19,121 GALIUM 384 Fiddle-dock 349 Frac 462 anglicum 189 Figwort 543, 544, sterdia 463 > Aparine 199 545 ~ vesca 462. :boreale 189 FILaco 730 Framboise 459. -cruciatum 384 arvensis 790-FRANKENIA 345 ~ erectum 86 arvensis 7oo . levis 345 -mollugo 187 gallic "730: pulverulenta $45. montanum 185 Gallica 699 Frankwort 345) -montanum 185 germanica © 730 F “pres 57 montium 185 germanica —- 780.—sex celsior 57. © palustre 184 montana —- 730 French-Mercury 386° procumbens 185 montana 700 FrenchWheat 378. pusillum 186 Finkle 306 Freshwater scabrum 188 Fir seas Soldier 486 = spurium 187
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND III.
Friars-crown 685
INDEX TO VOLUME Il. AND II.
spurium 188 sanguineum. 587 Good King Henry nas
tricorne 188 . sylvaticum §89 Gooseberry
uliginosum 186 Germander 16 Goosecora . um 188 Germander 507 ae coe 266,267,
ve Garlic 3204 327,928 GEUM 198
he 468 Ocoseaphaee 185,186,
Gatta rivale Seca tree. ae urbanum 468 187, eo 189, ENISTA 610 intermedium 469 _ 190, anglica 611 Gill 515 Goosdongse 725 pilosa 611 Gilkflower 575 Gorz 612 tinctoria 610 Gladdon 79 Gato “bed at Noon 656 Gentle Thistle = parted 2425 386 Goulans 719 Gentian 192, 276 Glad © Goule 206 GENTIANA 275 Cicumiets. 269,273 Goutweed 310 Amarella 276 Glastonbury- Gramen alpi campestris... 277 thorn 450 num, Ge. 129 Centaurium. 252, GLAUX 263 caninum, Se. 191 277. maritima: 263 capil. locust. fir panes 277 GLECOMA (515 - 1§25 155 nivalis 276 hederacea 515. mitaceum,Sc. 133 Pneumonan-. obe-flower 500 montanum,&¥c.131 o the 075 GNAPHALIUM 695 | Tad. repente 131 ern 276 . alpinum 698 Grass of Par- Gentianella _ 4 arvense 7OO nassus 314 ugax 077 dioicum... 696 Grasspoly 433 purpurea 277 ~~ gallicum 99 Grasswrack 480 GERANIUM’. §87_— germanicum is Graym 222 batrach. alt. §89 luteo-album 695 Greeds 44 cicutarium. 596 margarita- Greenweed 610, ei columbinum 59° ceum 696 Greenwood 10 dissectum §99° tanum 699 Grig oe lancastriense 588. Norvegicum 697 Grimmia apocar- lucidum rectum 97 pa 93 malvefolium §91. supinu 698 recurvata Box maritimum 1 593. sylvaticum 697 Gromill 222 molle 592. sylvaticum 98 Gromwell 222, 223 -- moschatum:. §96,~ uligi 698 Ground-Ash — 310 es Shas sum 389 Soe TaN 656 Ground-furze 613 §92 Gold- ~~ 499 Ground-Ivy 515 é pimples? Golden 712 Ground pine 507 _. pratense §93 Gaechs 495» 766, Groundsel 706, 797, u 592 708, 709, 710 pyrenaicum od Geli aH 18, 719 Guelder-Rose gt4 robertianu od fy 55% a rotundifelium re ceaod flower e°9
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND LI,
Gymnostomum Hellebore’ 40, 600, | Taraxaci 66 curvtrostrum. 811 | “< 501 ° umbellatum 672 Hemi «798 Helleborine 40, 41, 42 — villosam 671 ovatum 795 HELLERORUS 500 IHigh-taper 245 pennatum © 804 ‘feetidus 500 Hind-berry 459
Gypsie-wort -* 20 viridis goo Hiprocreris 627
Helme ~ comosa 627
dir-grass 135, Hemlock 287, 900 Hirropuar 201
136, 137 Hemp-Agrimony 689, ‘ Rhamnoides 201 Hardbeam Tree 434 691 Hipruris | § Hard-grass\ “16g Hempweed 691 © vulgaris 5
' Hard-heads ** 797 Henbane 249 Hogs jonkel 289
Hard-trons 27 Henbit 16, 517,522 Hogweed 291
Harebell 396 Hensfoot 282,283, Hoicus 134
Haresfoot 636 ; 284 avenaceus 135
Hlarestail— °° 71 Hep-tree > 458 ~~. avenaceus' 164
Harestrong © 289 HeracteuM’ ¢g1 _—_Janatus 134
Hartshorn .-196 — Sphondylium 291 mollis 134
Hartstongue 750 Herb-Bennett 468, Holly 209
Hartwort 282 995 469 HoLosteuM~ 175
Hasel-nut 972 Herb-Christopher473 _umbellatum 175
Hather 974 Herb Gerard’ 310 Holy-rose 38g
Hawk-nut~ — 987 Herb-Paris\ 97g Honesty 49°
Hawksbeard 673,674 Herb-robert §96 Honewort 297
Hawhweed 666, 667, Herb-twopence' 234 Honeysuckle 243, 668, 669,670, HeRNIAREA™ 265 Honeysuckle 671, 672, 673, goers 265 dwarf 198
ay, irsuta 265, Hops 272
Hinsttoin 449, 450 HEsPERts: 575 Hop-Treforl 641
Headwark 477 modora 575 Horehound 20, 522.
Heartsease 258 HIERACIUM 666 §23 ath 367,968 alpinum 667 HoxpEuM 170
HEDERA 262 Auricula 668 © cylindneum 172 Helix 262 dubium 667 21 17%
Fedge-hog grass gg foho, Sc. 665 maritimum 172
Heage hyssop 493 incanum 665 murinum 171
Hedge-mustard 573 molle 671 murinum 174
Hedungia ciliata 793 «murorum 670 _ pratense 172
Hedypnois autum- murorum 671 secalinum 171 nale 664, 667 a ar 669 © syluaticum | 170 oe 657 ‘~Pilosella 666 sylvaticum 172
6
histndum 66 prenanthoides 66 ae hcanaciiie 434 dosa 663 sabaudum 668 Hornbeech Tree 434 HEpyYsaruM 627 = spicatum 669 Horned-Poppy 474 Onobrychis 628 sylvaticum 671 Hornweed 3
INDEX TO: VOLUME Il. AND III.
Horsebane 298 — Horse-Beech
Tree 43 Horse-hnops 727
Horse-radish 564 Horse-shoe-Vetch 627 Horsetail 2, 736, 737,
738, 739+ 749° 292
HOTTONIA 3 palustris; 232 ‘Hounds berry 198 Hounds tongue 924 Hounds tree 198 Houseleeh 444 Hover 165 HuMutLus 272 lupulus 272 Hur-burr 78 Hiirtle-berries — 364 Hurtsichle 727 Hyacinth 336 HYACINTHUS 936: ‘non-scriptus 336 Hyprocuaris 386
Morsus-
Rane 386 HyDROCOTYLE 279 vulgaris 279, Hymenaphyllum 766 Hyoscyamus 249 albus 249 niger 249 Hyoseris 674 minima... 674 Hypericum © 647 Androszemum 647 dubiu 649 elodes 650 hirsutum 651 humitusum 649 montanum. 650 perforatum 648 pulchr 651
um quadrangulum 648 Hypnum 824
abietinum 837 myosuroides 844, adiantuides 827 : 847 aduncum 840 myosuron. 847 albicans $32 nitens 895 alopecurum 842 palustre ~ 839 asplenioides 826° parietinum 836 atro-virens» 846 pennatum 834 attenuatum 842, pennatum 773 oides 825:,plumosum 835 - cassubieum 831. polycarpon 808 chrysocomum 787. prelongum ° 838 clavellatum 848: proliferum 835 complanataum 827. — prolixum 835 complanatum 827 ~ pulchellum 830 compressum » ‘84 1. pumilum 834 2 uru 845 Crista-castren- refuscens 829 sis 837. mparioides = 831 cupressiforme 840 — riparium 843 curtipendu- rotundifolium 828 lum 846. rugosum 83 cuspidatum’ 844 ruscifolum 831 cylindricum 843 rutabulum 834 dendroides 841» rutabulum 831, denticulatum 826 833. wchsont 34 ©«sciuroides 829 ubium 837 scorpioides 839 filamentosum 845 sericeum 846 icin 836 = sericeum 891, 835 filifolium 844 serpens 47 hforme 845 Sm flagellare 838 squarrosum 839 fluitans 833 stellatum 823 acile 842 ‘stramineum 843 Seer ee 774 striatum 833 illecebrum 45 strumosum 816 intricatum 832 sylvaticum 82 loreum 40 taxifolium~ 82 lucens 828 _ trichomano- lutescens 831 ides 826 medium 830. triquetrum 833 molle 844 undulatum 832 cite 841. velutinum 848 rale 844 viticulosum . 830 my vasuredes 847 Hypocuaris 675
885
INDEX TO VOLUME Il. AND IIL
_ glabra - -, maculata -. Yadicata
Ack-by-the- hedge facobs-ladder JASIONE
montana IBERIS
nudicaulis
Aquifolium. ILLECEBRUM verticillatum IMPATIENS Noli-tangere Impatient IMPERATORIA Ostruthium
Inula pulicaria uliginosa Ir1s
foetida
campestris compressus
676 -. conglomera- lanceolata +853 675 <<8).. Av 338 macrorhiza. 854 676. effusus 338 |» minuta 855 filiformis 339. multifida 851 inflexus 338, multiflora. — 859 74 liniger 343 nemorosa 857 237. maximus 342 Ovata 59 244 Memorosus 340 pauciflora 856 244 pilosus 342 inguis 854 504 articulatus 340 platyphylla 861 64 spicatus 343. polyanthos 855 564 Easape ci 339 = pulcherrima 862 og nation 349,343 pumila 865 209 337 pusilla 850 262 triglumis 942 purpurea 858 263 uliginosus - 340 quinque-den- < §8 _ ulginosus _340 tat 53 259 Zeniger-Tres 586 reptans 859 259 JUNIPERUS 586 resupinata. 857 304. communis 586 rupestris 863 304 ees Sole a 714 NIA 849 nyt adunca 862 GohwcrociphaleBes 715 albicans 857 sphagni 854 715 alpina 864 spinulosa — 714 angulosa 855 tamariscifolia 860 715 asplenioides 852 Tomentella 862 15 bicuspidata 855 trichomanes 852 68 _ bidentata 853 tricophylla 864 70. ciliaris 861 _ trilobata 859 69 ctharis 862 undulata 856 69 cinerea 65 varia 862 552 cochlearifor- ventricosa 856 552 i 58 — viticulosa 855 744. complanata 860 furnut 287 744 concinnata 863 Ivy 262 937. curvifolia 864 lvy-leaf 662 339 tec, 860 34° epiphylla * 8 552 5 feaciee 86, aK peor 273 341 fissa 854 Kernelwort 544 341 , furcata 850 Kex 287 343 © inflata 853 Kidney-vetch 615 340 gulapes 63 Kidneywort 394" 417
INDEX TO VOLUME IL. AND IIL
diss
237 indies: fedislehns 185, 187, 188 La
Kings-claver 632 Lancashire As- Kings-spear 333. phodil Kipper-nut 287 Lang de bauf Knapweed 727 728 LapsaNa Knawell 399. communis ai: 115 Larkheel ‘Knee-holly 67, Larkspur ee 581 LaTureza Knopweed 727. Squamaria Nnotgrass 263, 99 Latuyrus Knout-berries Aphaca Koelreuteria pak hive gromeérica 787. latifolius Nissolia Yo eng to hea- palustris
re TERA Set pares 398 arborea Ladies-finge Fe ccmner diss Ladies Pe Pe Leersia cihata hae: ges 203 ee , 7 vulgaris Laken -/lipper nit Soi A Ladies-traces. 33,124 . gibba Lady-grass 124 minor etm -smock 565,566, polyshiea ps » 509 risulca LacTuca 660 Laon panel ‘saligna 661 autumnale Scariola 660 = hirtum Scariola 661 hispidum virosa 661 — officinale LAGURUS 166 Terapacon ovatus 166 = Tarax. Lakeweed 95379 dos. Lambs-letiuce 65,194. Rau Lambs-quarters 270 “Taraxacum
515 LEoNURUS "516
—] nara §16
cardiaca
rr ie 517 Leopardsbane 516 LeripiuM
anglhcum
rubr. minus? 516° didymum
latifolium 333 ruderale 550
oO H
petraum Sd Leshia palustris ie 67 sericea 847 8h Lettuce 660, 661, 662 bos Lrucojum 324
618 1 620 =Scoticum 292 618 LicustruM 8 620 vulgare 619 Lily of the val- 619 ky 334 601 Lime-grass 170 601 Lime-Tree 480 ¢ 915 LIMOSELLA 547 aquatica 547 807 Linden-Tree 480 800 LINNZA 546 43 _ borealis 546 44 Ling 367 43 Linum
16 44 angustifolium’ 317 43 catharticum’ 917
662 perenne 3 664 Radiola 318 rt tenuifolium” 317
65 asco ea 310 662 Liguori 629 663 Ryrinistck’
MUM 222 663. arvense 222 663 officinale 229 665 purpuro-ceru- 52 eum 222 523 Lritle Sun- 71 ower 4d2 555 LATTORELLA 192 656° Jacustris 192
556 Live for ever 96
888
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND Ill.
Iizardflower 29 Selago. 742 Marrusitum ss LoBELIA 242 Lycorsis 227 vulgare 523 Dortmanna 242 arvensis 227 Marsh-cleaver 232 urens 242 Lycopus . 19 Marsh-Gentian 275 Lob-grass 159~ europeus 19 Marsh-locks vine y ot esate 590 i 05 cito 233 Marshmallow Loxiv 167. nemorum = 233 Marsh-Marr oligos arvense 168 Bits fale 234 Marsh- pwr) 232 bromoides _1°9 © thyrsiflora 293 Masterwort 304 perenne 167 vulgaris 233 Matgrass 7o temulentum 168 LyrHruM 432 Mai gels 727 London-pride 394 ee Mathe: 722 Lonicera 243 433 rceceeane 719 Periclymenum243 Salicaris 432 Chamomilla 720 Xylosteum 244 Chamomilla 721 Loose-strife 233,234, MG" 183,190, inodora 718 43 1g1 maritima 20 Lords andLadies 487 Madnep 291 parthenium 719 Lotus 642 Madwort 15 Suaveolens = 7721 cornicuiatue 642 Mardenhar 752, 765 Matweed 70 rmcul. major, Maidenhair black 754 Mauls 600 C. 643 Mardenhar white 754 May 45° Sol. longiorib. Maithes 493 May-Lly 334 Ge. 643 Makinboy 442 May. weed 722 pentaphyllos 643 Macaxis 47. tenuissimus 643 paludosa 39 Meadowbouts 501 Louseberry 255 Mallow 599,600,601 Meadow-grass 141, Lousewort 38 Matva 599 143, 145, 146, Lovage 292 moschata 600 147 Love in idleness 582. pusilla 599 Meadow-Pinks 424 Lucer 4 aruiflora —§ 599 Meadow- sees 353 Tetetagst 224, 225, rotundifolia 599 Meadew 245, 6714 sylvestris 600 frage 290 Lycunis . 423 Maple 362, 363 Meadowsweet 454, dioica 423 MarcHantTia 866 455 diurna _ 423 androgyna 868 Mealy-tree 310 _ Flos-Cuculi 424 conica 867 Mepicaco —-_:© 4 vespertina = 3 -erneciata 867. arabica 645, viscaria 424 -hemispherica 867 cochleata 645 Lycopopium 740 polymorpha 866 falcata 644 alpinum 743 Marestail.. 5 lupulina 645 annotinum 742 Setherress 636 minima 64
clavatum 740 Marigold 719,730 muricata 647 inundatum 740 Marjoram fe 525 polycarpos, Selaginoides 741 Marram 123 Be. 645
INDEX TO VOLUMEIL AND IIL
polmanphe 646 Mercury 266, * BeBe sativ 643 Medick 644, 645 Mespiius 452 Medlar 452 .germanica 452 Merampyrum §34 Meu gou arvense 534 Meum athamantt- cristatum ae cum gor
pratense 535 Mezere 370 sylvaticum —§36 Milfoil "18, 390, ae Ta 138; 139 Mitium
ME ica 138 effulum me cerulea 138 lendigerum 121 Lobel 199 Milk-thistle 684 montana 138 Miolhwort 6og nutans 1398 Millet 122 nutans 139 Mellet-crass 122, 138 uniflora 139 Mill-mountain 918
Melilot 632, 645 Milkweed 2
ME.ssa 527 Milkwort 263, 629
Calamintha. . 528 Miltwaste 752
Nepeta 527 Mint 501, 511, 512, viens 737 MELITTIS §28 Fre) 514 uliginosum 783 Melissophl- go1 undulatum 789 um 528 Misseltoe 2o1 Ma@ncuia 55° grandiflora 529 Mithridate-mus yativa 550 ENTHA 510 tard 558 Moneywort 234, 235. aquatica 512 Mnium 47 arvensis $13 aciculare ae Monotropa 389 gentilis 513 annotinum = 789 Hypopaliy® 386 hirsuta §11 arcuatum 786 Mont 174 piperita 12 cxspiticum 791 Sattar 174 Pulegium 14 capillare 788 Moonflower 718 rotundifolia 511 = 807,808 Moonwort te 74z 513 crudum 79° Moor-bern 365 Sativa 514 Saspaieiieen 788 1 ei “od 140, Sylvestris .. §10 fissum 854 18 : $31 = fontanum 7 ee 366 viridis 10
MENYANTHES 231 nymphoides 231
feeomallom 784 784 Mesh tel 783
nutans 987 osmundaceum 804 palustre - 785 pellucens 785 pellucidum | 782 polytrichoides 779 proliferum » 799 pseudo-trique- trum 791 punctatum 789
ium
oss-berries 365 3
trifoliata 232 onan ti Mother-wort 524 Mercuriauis 385 cum 787 emg 451
annua 385 fungerman- Mountain Saf-
perennis 985 nia 858 fron 332
INDEX TO' VOLUME II, AND IIT.
Mouse-ear 175,221, .
pumila
247, po al 596 Nipplewort Mustard 583) 684 Nonsuch : Myagrum sali. alba
34 tnsectifera:
2.09265 427, 428, Needle-Furze Loeselii
587, 6660: Nep 508 . Monorchis
Mousetail 321 NEPETA 08 muscifera
Mudweed 547 Cataria 508. Nidus-avis ug-weed 184 Neitle 199,200. ovata
Mugwort 184, 695 Nettle-Hemp 518. — ullan 245, 246, Nightshade 9, 250,
99
251 Orache aaa so
mig
5271, 272 645 sera manor, st
vum 551 Oxcuis 21 Myosoris: oo % lutea ae - abortiva 28 ‘arvensis: bifolia an alustris 21) ‘O# conopsea 28 Se onvies si 1 Oat eae iiée usCa 25 - minimus get Oat-grass 159; 164, tnsectifera 97, 38, Myrica 169 39 Gale 28s Oculus-bovis 722 latifolia» 96 Myr ropryu- OENAN Jade 297° Lihfoha 35 po LUM 3 crocata) ‘297 © maculata 27 Spicatum® 983° ~-fistulosa 297 = -mascula 23 ~. -verticillatum 383 piminelo *<emilitaris 25 er fog -flag: 337 ¢ Morio ‘aa oe lyrilegrass. °° 997 _ OTHERA 961 ' pyramidalis 22
biennis 1° ustulata 2 ares -wiort peat pumila 362 ORIGANUM = 24 8o ONOPORDON 688. vulgare 524
Narcissus tis ~ Acanthium 688 OrNITHOGA- — - biflorus 335 Oller 204 ° LUM 329 poeticus 325 One-berry 379 ° luteum 329 Pseudo-Nar- NONIS 612 pyrenaicum 930 cissts’ 925 arvensis 613. umbellatum 93° Narpus he inermis 614 ORNITHOPUS 626 stricta spinosa “613° perpusillus 626 NaRTHECIUM Ae OpurocLos- OroBANCHE 547 ossifi a ~ 332, SUM 745 major ot
‘9 vulgatum ramosa 54 Nasmythia ae Opury a Bes OBU 616 Navelwort 417 anthropophor e sylvaticus. 616 ave 580 Bh Sie tuberosus 616 Neckhera hetero’. raniféra Orpine 417
alla S774 SCorallorhima ie ass Sas pennata 773 cordata 95 malum 794
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND ITt.
~erispum 810 Park leaves 647 . phleoides 114 _ striatum 794 PARNASSIA 314 PHascum 768 Oster palustris 314 acaulon 768 OsmuNDA 745 Parsley og ~ acaulon 768 crispa 6 Parsleypiert 4 eon 770 Lunaria 745 Parsnep 305 axillar 78 regalis 6 Pasque-flower 488 curaeaiaan 770 Spicanthus 746 PasTINACA 304 cuspidatum 768 Osmund-royal 7.47 sativa 304 maximum 774 Osmund Spicant 749 Pea 615 montanum 774 Ouwle = Pearlwort 213 muticum 68 OxALts i Pear-Tree 453 nitidum = 779 .« Acetosella ao: Pease-everlast- pedunculatum 775 corniculata 422. ig piliferum 70 Ox-eye 718; 725 Peaseling » 616, Gis rectum 774 Ox heel soomn0§01 PEDICULARIS 537} repens 769 Oxhps 230 ~ palustris 537. serratum 769 Oxtongue 657 Fees, 538 -stoloniferum 769 Pelhtory 198 subulatum 768 iene. -fnpe 738 Pennycress 557 1 st Soc 493 Paddowpipe 5 Penny-grass) 532 Pur Pagils 230 Penny-royal 514 sate 298 Paigles 230 Pennywort 279, aquaticum ‘298 Painted-cup 531 417 PHLEUM 117 Panick 115,116,177 Pepts 46 alpinum 119 PANICU 114 ~ Portula 46 arenarium 114 Crus-galli, 1 “Bs. Peppergrass' 742 arenarium = 117 dactylon 6 Peppermoss . 742 nodosum 118 sanguinale «41 is Pepperwort 550 Sevens 117 verticillatum 114 Perriwinkle 264 ~ pra 17 viride 115 Persicana 9374, wife Phhilitis wikis Pansies 258 Pestilent-wort zo4 fida 750 PAPAVER 475 Pettigree 7 PHYTEUMA 24k Argemone a 76 Petty-muguett’ 188 orbicularis 241 dubium 477 Petty-whin 611, 613 Picris « 56 cambricum 478 PEUCEDANUM 289. echioides 656 caule ramosa 475 minus 290 =Hieracioides 657 hybridum 475 ~—s officinale 289 Piens, Se. 663 maritimum 476 Silaus 290 Pignut 287 Rhzas 476 Pewter-wert 740 Pilcock 164 somniferum 478 PHALARIS 113 Prlewort 493 “PaRIETARIA 198 arenaria 114 Pills 164 officinalis 198 arundinacea 114 Pillwort 742 PARIS 379 arundinacea” 124 PILULARIA 42 quadritolia 379 ~«canariensis” «113 «= globulifera’ 742
391
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND Til,
307 is Pink go1, 402, 403 Pohha Aone Ppa 758, He 2 o, 761,
PINGUICULA 917
OLEMON
Pimpernell 196, 234, minima 146 »:@reopteris. 759 235, 243 al th Phegopteris) 758 PIMPINELLA © 907 «prate rheticum 704 dioica 308 pratens. “alps us spinulosum 761 dissecta 307 rigida ’ \ Thelyptens 759 magna o8 - rupestris a6 Thelypteris »760
_ ertentals 308 setac 141 ieee 63 saxifraga trivia 143 750
jusitanica 17 picicauins 2 , ee 763 vulgaris Poley-mountain 389 PoLytRicituM 778 INUS pa Polhchia amplext- aloides 780 sylvestris. 602. caulis 517 © aloides 780 ipewor 182 PotycaRron 175 alpinum 781 Pipperidge-bush 344 aap hepa 175. °commune 778 Piss-a-bed - 663 PoLYGALA 608. hercynicum 780 PisuM 6:5 Silpeare 608 nanum 780 maritimum 615 PoLyGonuM \ 372 polytrichoides 779 PLANTAGO aciculare 377 striatum 704 ‘coronopus » 195 amphibium 378 subrotundum hy _ danceolata. 194 Bistorta 376. undulatum 820 _ major 192 Convolvulus 3 urnigerum 781 maritima 194 Fagopyrum me Pondweed 7, 209,
media 193 Plantain 193, 194,
195, 1 ; Pine: 198. aah sol mans Spike nar Plumb-Tree Poa 140 alpina 42 scprtifolia 142 ri ag nemor. 146 sieae spe ica: 140 bulbosa re compressa 147 ‘eristata 145 decumbens | 147 istans 141 lauca 148 oliacea: s: 174 maritima 147
7% 448 PoLypoDIUM
Hydropiper 373 minus pallidum Persicaria ae terrestrée Viviparum
210, 211, 212,
373 373 ; 374 Poor-mans-Pep-
per 3 Poplar: 369, 370 376 Poppy 474747: 477,
56
47 aculeatum 761 PopuLus 368 arvonicum 758 alba 368 cambricum 757 nigra 369 cristatum 762 tremula 369 dentatum 760 POTAMOGETON 209 Dryopteris 764 compressum 20 _ Filix-mas 9g crispum 210 Filix femina, 762 — densum 210 fontanum 761 gramincum = 411 fragile 762 ~ lucens 10 fragrans 760 marinum 214 Ilvense 758 © natans 209. _ Lonchitis = 757 ~-pectinatum 234 montanum > 759 ~ perfoliatum 209
INDEX TO VOLUME II, AND IIl.
pusillum 212 crispa © 748 hirsutus 498 _ setaceum 212 PULMONARIA 224 ingua 494 POTENTILLA 463 angustifolia 224 parviflorus 496 alba 465 maritima 225 repens 499 Anserina 4 officinalis 224 reptans "494 argentea 464 Purslane 175, 269 sceleratus’ 495 aurea 466 PyroLa 391 Rape 5€0 fruticosa 463 minor 391 RaPHANUS 584 reptans 465 rotundifolia 991 Raphanis- be so 464 secunda 392 trum 584 sylvestris 467 uniflora 392 Rash-berries 364 Lormentilla 467 Prrus 453 Raspberry 459 verna _ 465 communis 453 Ray-grass 167 PoTERIUM Malus 453 Red- eee 493 cog skaetine Redro 318 PRENANTHES \Uake-grass 148, Hig banks 175 muralis 662 149 Reed 223, 106 Prichmadam — 421 Queen of the Reedmace 112 Pricktimber 198,255 Meadows 485 Resepa 436 Prickwood 198, 55 Quercus 340 lutea 437 Prim femina 381 — Luteola 436 PRIMULA Xe latifolia 381 Restharrow 613, acaulis 229 Robur 80 614 elatior 230 Quicken-tree 451 RHAMNUS 253 farinosa 230 Uuick-in-hand 259 catharticus =-_253 officinals 230 Quillwort 744 Frangula 254 sylvestris 229 Qutch-grass 173 RHINANTHUS 532 ers 230 rista-galli 532 vulgaris 229 I ies syloes- RHODIOLA 382 Primrose 229, 239, 570 rosea 982 231 Risied. Robin’ 424 Riwes “259 Print 8 Ragwort 708 alpinum. 260 Privet 8 Rait 508 Grossularia 261 PRUNELLA 530 Rampions 238,241 nigrum 264 vulgaris 530 Ramsons 328 rubrum = 259 PRUNUS 446 BAxyneutas 493 pe catum 260 avium 447 496 va-crispa 262 _Cerasus 447 baestill 497 Web-grass 194 communis,c. 448 arvensis 499 Riccra 868 domestica 447 auricomus §95 fluitans 869 insititia 448 bulbosus 493 fraticulosa . 870 Padus 446 Ficaria 493 glauca 63 spinosa 448 Flammula 493 minima 869 PERIS 48 gramineus 494 _ natans 868 aquilina 748 hederaceus 496 Roan-tree 4st
893°
INDEX TO VOLUME II, AND Iii,
Robin run in the paludosus... 347 ..herbacea 8 _hedge 515 pulcher 349. hermaphrodie Rock-cress §04 sngaiene 9.46 fica: 46
Rocket 551 ee 4 12 lanata
Rosa 63455 lapponum 51 arvensis ASS Ruptureworta65 318 latifol. rotund. 54 canina .458 Rus monandra eglanterta 457 aculeatus myrsinites 47
rubiginosa |. 457 Rush71, 73,76; 338, pentandra 46 Spinosissima 45 339+ 340, 341, pentandra 46
Sai dhe SOIE oc 348, ODES RORETD Aree 45 - villosa 456 Rush-grass 76, «78, repens 1 Rosa Solis 318 79, 80, 81 repens 51,52 Rose 485 456, 457 Rush-wheat 173 reticulata Roseba 334» 366 Rye retusa.’ Rosemary 389 Kye-grass 167, tt rosmafinifolia 52 Roseroot 383 u 49 . Rosewort 383 he ae 67,68 triandra 45 RotTBoLtiia 169 20 -viminalis 53 incurvata 169 Sage fi Jjerusa- vitellina 46 Rusia 199 224 Sallow-thorn 902 anglica 190 ea 213 SALSOLA 273 peregrina ~—_ 191 apetala 213. fruticosa 273 - Sylu, aspera 191 cerastoides - 214. Kali 273 _tinctorum 190 erecta 213 Saltwort 4, 263 Rusus 458 procumbens. 213 SALVIA 20 arcticus 461 SAGITTARIA — §01 __ pratensis 20 cesius sagittifolia 502 verbenaca 20 hiss ma 461 Saintfoin 628 Sampucus gil - frutic 459 SALICORNIA 4 Ebulus git iees” 4 herbacea . 4. nigra gil saxatilis 461 Satix 44 SAMOLUS 2 Rueweed 490, 491 acuminata 54 Valerandi 243 RuMex 46 alba 55 Samphire 4, 280, ”: Acetosa 35° amygdalina Acetosella. 351 ~~ arbuscula 8 Sandwort 412, ne petites: 347 arenaria 52° 414, 4159 4% aureus — 349 aurita §0 Sancu IsORBA 194 _ Crispus 346 caprea 4° officinalis 197 digynus - . 350 caprea 50, 55 Sanicle 17, 280 Hydro-lapa- cinerea 55 SANICULA 279 » thum 48. depressa’ 51 europ 79 i 9 fragilis 47 SANTOLINA 691
-ebtusifolius 35° fusca §2 maritima 694
_ 399 39 ScABIOSA
INDEX TO VOLUME I. AND“HIL
SAPONARIA: . 400 brie 400 officinalis 400 Satyrion 29. 39;
34
5. ATYRIUM> ... 29 albidum 30 hircinuns 29 repens 31
Pecten - concava 400 SCH NUS,
ov. 29 Sauce-alone » 574 Sci
Saw.wort . 679, 680 SAXIFRAGA
Jacustris moschata, + + maritimus nivalis»: palustris appostitobe 4 pauciflorus mata: nus nm “a setaceus stellaris . ° 393 sylvaticus -tridactylites 397 triqueter umbrosa ~ 394 SCLERANTHUS Saxifrage 290,292, annuus 308,. 993, 394; perennis 395» 396, 397». polye
Eaambere 181
244 SCROPHULA- ScaNnDIx go2. RIA Anthriscus 203 aquatica Anthriscus 284. nodosa Cerefolium 3°3 Scorodonia. odorata » go2 . yernalis
ahi
393 _ bifolia,
acicularis acicularis
cespitosus
fluitans
Holoschznus
Scorpion- ~§tass | 180 Scotch-Fir arvensis 181 Scrambling-
_ os Suecis 181 Ser Scabious 181, 182, Scntigadis
302 Seer Tass 2965561, 63
‘Scursxt ARLA 529
albus 31 albus, (fuseus ) 80 meee 529 we ean
so » $30 sae ee 80,81 Sea-colanite goa pireainet 79 Sea-cushion 315 fuscu 80 Sea-Gulliflower 315
' Savi 79 Seagrass nigricans 79 Sea-Holly 278
31 dea et 55k 391 Seaves 338 2 Sea-wheat 74 74 Sea Wormwood 693 78 SEDUM » 418 73: acre 419 74. ajbum 419 75) anglicum 420 74. dasyphyl- re 77 um ; 420 72. minus, Gc. 419 73° reflexum 4290 75. rubens 420 6. rupestre 42 76. sexangulare re) 76° Telephium © 418 399«- villosum 418
309 Seg 86,.87, 88, 89,
899%. GO, 94s GATS Ot ©
9 221.0100, 101; 102, 602.103, 104, 105,
are S 411 Seggr™ 708 ae Self- heal pe ee Bot SELINUM 288
543 palustre 288 544 sylvestre 289 543 SEMPERVIVUM 444 $43 tectorum 444 544 SENECIO 705
805,
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND Uf.
aquaticus 709 SIBTHORPIA Jacobzea 708 europea
sarracenicus set Siluerweed 321, 464 ar 404 Snarlshell 660
sylvaticus se acaulis
Viscosus 706 anglica wSCOSUS 707. + Armetia vulgaris 705. coni Sengreen 392,393 conoidea S-ptfort 467 maritima SERAPIAS 40 noctiflora ensifolia 44 nutans eo 42 ae : ancifolia 42 ne latifolia 40 aes, longifolia o Simplers- Danvers bes Sinson a9 palustris 41 SINAPIS rubra 42 alba Seselr Meum 301 arvensis SESLERIA 439 ‘nigra cerulea 140 SISON Seéterwort 501 Amomum SERRATULA 679 ___sinundatum alpina 680 — segetum arven 680 verticillatum acabjoke 680 SisyMBRIUM tinctoria 679 amphibium Service-Tree 450 aguaticum Seruce . 451, 452 — Irio Shave-grass ie monense Sheeps-bit Nasturtium
Shepherds-needle ——<
303. sylvestre Shepherds-pouck 560 tenuifolium Shepherds-purse ~N terrestre
1UM Shepherds rod angustifolium Shepherds staff 180 latifolium SHERARDIA 182 ~~ nodiflorum
arvensis 183 repens Shore-weed 192 Skerret SipBALDIA~ 920 Skullcap
procumbens 920 Sloe-tree
546 Smallage . 309 546 SMYRNIUM 305 Olusatrum go.
408 Snakeweed 329, 373,
“404 374, 375. 376,
495 377: > 37 407 hes. oe 539) 540,
406 Suouidrep 324 408 Soapwort 400 405 Softigrats 1345135 SOLANUM 250 405 Dulcamara e250 473 nigrum 254 509 SOLIDAGO 71 706. cambrica 712 §32 Laponica 712 589 Virga-aurea 711 §82 Solomons-seak 994, 583 _ 335 33 295 SONCHUS 5 295 arvensis 658 296 asper
296 oleraceus 659 569 _ palustris 658 570 Sorb 450, 45% 570 SORBUS ———s- tt
572 aucuparia 451 572 ‘domestica 451 569 hybrida 452
2 Sorrell 351 oa Sin Sbiithers wood oe 1 4% Sowbane 294 Sowthistle 658, re 294 Sparagus 294 SPARGANIUM 112 295 erectum 112 295 natans 113 295 Tamosum 112 539 simplex 112
448 a natans 113
INDEX TO VOLUME I. AND III.
SPARTIUM 609 Shuonirt 563 pen 63 - scoparium 609 Spring-grass 59 Sibohwort 213, 409, atling-Poppy 494 Spurge438, 439, 440, git
“Spearwort 494 441, Ae 443 St. Ca 5 Speedwell 10, 11, 12, Spurge.ja 370 wo 708 13,15, 16,17 Spurge- ecard 371 St. “Fohn’ Se Sperage 333 Spurge-Olive 370 wort648,649,650, SPERGULA i: Spurry 414, ane, 651, 652 arvensis 428 Stockbill 596 laricina 429 Spur-wort 183 Stonecrop 274, 418, nodosa 429 Sguill 331 419, 420, 421 saginardes 429 Sguinancy berries 260 Stone-Parsley 28g, subuluta 428 Sguinancy wort 184 fatal aad ter- Squitch —_ 130, 131 Stonewort2,3, 4 (eee restris 866 Squitch-grass 173 St. Peters-wort 648 SPHAGNUM — 767 STaAcuys 520 Strizpwort 31 alpinum 767 = arvensis 521 STRATIOTES 485 arboreum 768 germanica 522 Aloides 485 _ arboreum 774 palustris 521 Strawberry-Tree 390 palustre 767. sylvatica 520 Straw-berry 463 Spicknell goi STAPHYLZA =. 312 SUBULARIA 253 Spider Ophrys 9 pinnata 312 aquatica 553
ort 932 Star-grass 5, 6 Succory 657,675,078
ry 289, 301 Star of the earth 196 Safes -g7ass - 143
indle-tree 2 Star-Thistle 729 Sulphurwort289, 290 fp? a 9 auip
nnage 6 Star-wort 5, 710 Sundew 318, 319 PIRAA ee; STATICE 314 Swartzia cajnt- Filipendula 454 Armeria 314 dacea 814 salicifolia 454 Limonium = 315 2nclinaia 816 Ulmaria 455 — reticulata 315 Sweet-briar 467 SPLACHNUM St. Barnaby’s Sweet-fe 302 ampullaceum 775 Thistle 729 Sweet Fi g 337 augustatum 776 STELLARIA 408 Sweet-Wilham 401 Breweri 776 cerastoides 412 Sweet-wllow 206 fastigiatum 776 Dillemana = 4412 SWERTIa 275 frelichianum 778° glauca 4i1 _perennis 275 mnioides 776 graminea 411 Swine-cress 563 . -ovatum 7 Meeeea 411 Swines-eye 675 _ sagittifolium 775 olostea 409 Swines-Succory 675 sphericum 774 media 409 Sycamore-tree 362 tenue 77. media 411 SYMPHYTUM = 226 urceolatum 777. nemorum 409 officinale 226 vasculosum 775 uliginosa 412 patens 226
Spleenwort 749s 750 uliginosa 412 tuberosum 226 751; 752,754 Stipa 163 © Vou, III. 3g N
897
858
“
INDEX TO VOLUME IJ. AND III.
rpaAmarix 313 vaccaria, Sc. 458 Tre-mallow 6ot gallica 313 Thorn-apple 248 Trefo 422,631. 632, Tamus 337 Thoroughwax 280 633, 634, 635, communis 937 Three-faces under 636, 637, 639, TANACETUM 692 - @ hood 258 640, 641, 645 vulgare 692 Thrift 315, 316, TRICHOMANES 765 Fansy 692 Then de 354,355 pyxidiferum 765 Tare 619, 622,624, Throat-wort 239,240 pyxidiferum 767 625, 626 Thyme 526, 527 Re nbridg- TaRGIONIA 865 THyMus — 525 nse 765 hypophylla 865 5 Acinos 52 Pischistomasin spherocarpus 865 serpyllum 525 canescens 808 Tassel-grass 212 TILIA 480 pusillum 795 Taxus o1 cordata 480 TRIENTALIS 9356 baccata 601 europea 480 europza 956 easel 180 TILLEA 775 TRIFOLIUM ~ 630 Tentwort 770 muscosa 175 _ alpestre 636 TN pellu- Timothy-grass 414, arvense 635 117, 118, 119 filiforme 640 TEUCRIUM 507 Toadflax 541 flexuosum 636 Chamedrys 507 Toadgrass 203 fragiferum 639 Sa Bae 507 TOFrigLDIA 351 glomeratum 634 Scordiu §08 palustris 951 hybridum 633 Scoradorita §08 palustris 332 = maritimum 639 THALICTRUM 490 Toothwort 573. medium 63 alpinum 490 TorDYLIUM 281 medium 636 flavum 490 © Anthriscuse82,284 ochroleucum 638 majus 491 apulum 282. M. officinalis 631 minus 49 maximum e281 M. Ornithopo- THESIUM 263 officinale 281 soe 631 linophyllum 263 nodosum 282, 284 - prate 637 Thistle 628,683,684, Tormentil 467 pratense ee eo es. 688, 687,688, TORMENTILLA wid ‘ame ens 689 erecta = THLAsPI a, officinalis ao teped hphiell alpestre Teptans 467 dum 633 alpestre 733 Touch-me-not 259 scabrum 634 arvens §57 Lower-mustard 578 stellatum 639 Bursa-pastoris 560 Tower-wort 578 — striatum 35 campestre 57 TRAGOPOGON 655 subterraneum 633 fols, 8c. 559 porrifolium 656 suffocatum 4t hederaceum 562 pratens 655 TRIGLOCHIN 352 tu 558 Travellers. joy 490 maritimum 35% montanum 558 Ircacle-mustard 557 palustre 352
perfoliatum 55
eRe amna: Gatien Biya ig se sa =
\
INDEX TO VOLUME II. AND III.
Triticum
caninum caninum
unceum loliaceum
Tutsa Tway blade 32,
34) 35» 36, 37,3
angustifolia latifolia
~ pilulifera urens
UTRICULARIA ©
172 minor
a er sh ACCINIUM 174 v: Myrtillus 173. Oxycoccus 499 uliginosum
499 _ Vitisidza
379 Valantia aparine
353 cruciata
329 Valerian 64, 65,
329 VALERIANA
329 ~—scaicitrapa 515 dioica 577.‘ locusta 581. officinalis 578 rubra 578 VELLe
578
703 Velvet. leaf 703 Venus-Comb 705 rapa inigen 704 glass
647 VERBASCUM ts Blattaria
grum
Thapsus 611 virgatum 612 VERBENA 612 officinalis
274 Vernal grass 274 VERONICA 275 agrestis 275 alpina 275 Anagallis 483 arvensis 199 Beccabunga 199 Chamedrys 200 _ —hederzfolia oo = hu mifusa 18 hybrida
14 co
15 Violet 255. 250, 257
16 Violet Calathian 276 28
14 Viper-grass re A athe bower
19 montana 15 18 officinalis 12 saxatilis 13 363 icata 10 364 serpyllifolia 193 365 scutellat 15 364 triphyllos i6 364 verna 14 188 Veru 509 184 Vetch eats 618, 620, 37 bie 22; 623, 63 624, 625, 627 e3 Wetchling 618, a 6! VIBURNUM ~—_ 310 64 — Lantana 310 63 Opulus 310 553 VieIa 621 59 angustifoha 623 601 _— bithynica 625 o2 Cracca 621 hybrida 624 241 lathyroides 623 245 lathyroides 623, 248 624 246 = levigata 625 47 tea 12 246° sativa 622 sepium 23 sylvatica 621 245 VINCA 264 247 major 264 §09 minor 264 509 Vine wild 66 59 VIOLA 255 canina 256 Be hirta 255 12 lutea 258 14 odorata 255 11 palustris 250 tricolor 267
2 499
899
900
INDEX TO VOLUME IL AND Il,
Viscum .......200 Way-bennet ... 171 Wantergreeng56, 391, album 200 ie bread 493 392
Way-fSaring-tree 310 Winter-Rocket. _§73
Lp "e-70 olin 487 Weasel-snout . 520 Witch-Elm 274
Wall-cress §78 Webera nutans 822 Witch-Hazle... 275
Wall Pon. 575 _ pyriforms 821 ee 437552
437
cana _ Wasia contro- ort 417. versa 798, 801 Wolfsbane 710 Wall. Pepper 419 9 nigrita 823 Wolfsclaw 74 Wall-rue, 9... 754 . recurvirosira 812 Woodbine 243 Wallwort 311 Weld 437 Waodroof 183 Wartswart, 441 Wheat-grass. 193 Woodrowe 18 pai Late oe Whins 612 Wood-Sage 5 1 Whitebeam-Tree 449 Wood-sorrel 422 Water-Aloes “88 White-bottle 404 Woodwaxen 610 Water-Avens 469 White-rot 279 Wormseed 573, 574 Water-Betony 544 White-thorn 450 Wormwood 694 °96 Water-can 479 W, erige et. 397, Worts 364, 356 Water-cresses 569, 555 - Woundwort 521, 522, 570, 574 Wier poecine 364, 7i2 Water-Dock 348 . 365, 390 Wymote 599 Water-Elder 311 Wild Chear Maier gil Si Wild Briar 457, «38 arta 278 |
232 Wild-climber
flow ‘strumarium 278 Wi Ge Acaloct ne Wilding
300 Wild- Basehey 2 9 “rr he 25,726 Water- hemp .. Corti YellowFum- Water-hly 291.4 'd-Radish 620
Water-Mbi; Foulr8, ah ef Rocket 385, Yeo Rate 532
Water-moss 972,773 Wiud-Tansey 46 low-wort 363
ie 2 snep 294, Wild-Willams 424 Yellow-weed 437 Villow 45, 46, 47, Yew Tree 601
Water Pep - 373. 48, Bo aoe 51, Youthwort 318
Water-radt. §70:. $2,
ae §7° Wilow erk 2 o a. Cee NICHEL-
Water-socks 60, 51, ‘ 6 Water-treforl nhs - os pelusiet 6 Water-violet 292. W, wi berries - 364 ZOSTERA 486 Waterwort 380 Winter-cresses 573, marina 486 Water-yarrow 232 oceanica 487
END OF THE THIRD VOLUME.
Bakiwin and Son; Printers, ioe Bridge-Street, London,