ON

THE APOCYNACEZX

OF

SOUTH AMERICA,

WITH SOME

PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE WHOLE FAMILY.

WITH THIRTY-FIVE PLATES, TO ILLUSTRATE THE STRUCTURE OF THE GENERA.

BY

JOHN MIERS, PRS FLS.

DIGNIT, ET COMMEND, ORD. IMPER, BRAS, ROSA, ACAD, CHS, NAT. CUR. ET REG, SOC, BOT. RATISB. SOCIUS.

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- WILLIAMS AND NORGATE: T
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MEMOIR ON THE APOCYNACELE.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

Durine my residence in Brazil, now many years ago, I had numerous opportunities
for studying many points of structure peculiar to this family, and of examining many
plants in detail, intending at a future time to describe several Brazilian species.

This design, however, was superseded by the publication of Dr. Müller's admirable
monograph in the ‘Flora Brasiliensis, in 1860. But as many curious facts relative to
the organs of fertilization, and others concerning the structure of the seeds, were
observed by me, which do not appear to have come under the cognizance of that
botanist, I have been induced, at this late period, to take up the subject again, and to
embody my observations in this volume.

The order, in the time of Jussieu, was little understood, when, in his * Genera’ (1789),
he comprised in it all Asclepiadaceous plants. The celebrated Robert Brown, in 1811,
first separated them into two well-characterized distinct families *; this memoir furnished
the materials for Endlicher’s enumeration of the genera (1838). But we cannot appre-
ciate too highly the admirable monograph of this interesting family by Prof. A. De
Candolle, in his * Prodromus’ (1844). We must bear in mind that the task of elaborating
the features of all the species in full detail was then too vast; and we must regard the
enumeration of the host of heterogeneous species under the heads of Tabernemontana
and Echites as an instalment of high value, as it furnished materials for work to be
afterwards completed. Dr. Müller followed this example, in describing under the same
heads a mass of Brazilian species ; but he did little to enable us to distinguish one species
from another. :

In order to promote this object, it appears to me necessary to classify and subdivide
the whole of them into uniform groups, each marked by peculiar and easily recognized
characters. In aid of this design the present memoir is offered; but it is limited in its
range.

* Mem. Wern. Soc. i. p. 12.

A
4 B

2 PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

As a preliminary step towards the proposed classification, the family may be divided
into two principal sections, distinguished by the characters of the anthers. Thus we have :—
Ist, Haplantheree, where the anther-cells are simply adnate, without connective, or with a
soft one scarcely longer than they. 2nd, Symphyantheree, where the cells, usually much
shorter, are collaterally agglutinated upon the face of a large horny connective, generally
bifid at its base, and furnished at the apex with a soft pointed appendage; these anthers
conniving in a cone, their apical appendages bend inwards, closing together by their
margins, so as to form a complete covering over the stigmata, at the same time that the
ten anther-cells, thus brought into juxtaposition, become placed opposite to as many
nectariferous glands belonging to the clavuncle, and thus become agglutinated to them:
we shall have occasion to refer again to this singular disposition.

The above plan evidently occurred to Prof. De Candolle in his arrangement of the
family ; but he did not follow it as a means of classification. Dr. Miller only adopted it
to a partial extent. But there are other equally important points of structure, which
serve to form the limits of the proposed subdivisions; among these are the direction of
the convolution of the segments of the corolla, the relative position of the stamens, the
differences in their form, the shape and the divisions of the disk, and especially the
‘nature of the fruit and the development of the seeds. This latter much neglected feature
is here employed as far as possible, because it ought to form an important element in
every system of classification. It includes the situation of the hilum on the seed, and
the direction of the embryo in regard to it. De Candolle and Müller rarely give any
indication on this point; and Endlicher, usually precise, is equally silent about it; but
it is here employed to the full extent that my own observations allow. In those cases
where no information is recorded, analogy has been the guide until more certain data
are observed.

In the second class of this family we find many points of extreme interest, in regard
to structure and function, which have not received the attention they deserve, and which
call for especial notice. Among these is the part here called the clavuncle, which is a
fleshy cylindrical process, attached to the summit of the style, and which has generally
been regarded as a part of the stigma; but as the two stigmata, placed upon its summit,
are fully developed, this idea cannot be maintained: it must be regarded as a distinct
indusiate process, adapted to a peculiar function. Upon the exterior surface of the
clavuncle we find five or ten parallel longitudinal glands, exuding a nectariferous juice.

The singular juxtaposition of the anther-cells has been above alluded to—leaving
a hollow space in the centre, closed at the summit by the s/egiwm formed by the
conniving apexes of the connectives, at the same time that the ten basal forks of the
connectives, tending downwards, allow a free ingress from below into this hollow space.
By the growth of the style the clavuncle is carried upwards, being guided into the
cavity by the forks; but it cannot go further and break through the valves of the
stegium, as it is stopped by the broad basal peltate indusium, which, acting as a buffer,
prevents its progress beyond the precise point required, so that the nectariferous glands
now stand opposite to, and in contact with the ten anther-cells. The glands begin to
exude their juice at the same time that the anthers emit their grains of pollen; and

PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 3

these, mingling together, form a magma, soon charged with pollen-tubes, all pervading
the central space and confined within it: this magma now flowing over the stigmata, the
pollen-tubes penetrate their papillee, and pass down the stigmatic channels of the style,
eventually impinging upon the ovules; and thus the work of fertilization is effected
without the aid, or even the possibility of insect agency. This mechanism, tending
to the exact apposition of the several parts towards one another, and their appliance to
functional purposes, appears so wonderful, and so very like the most ingenious design,
that it cannot fail to excite our admiration.

There is a considerable degree of analogy in the development and fertilization of the
Apocynacee and Asclepiadacee, more so than is generally supposed. In the latter
family the prevailing floral structure is different. The corolla is much smaller, its tube
very short, its segments equilateral and expanded: within these segments is a corona of
five, ten, or fifteen petaloid lobes, in one, two, or three series; but their use is not manifest.
The five conspicuous stamens, alternate with the border segments of the corolla, are
peculiar in their construction: they are fixed to the short tube of the corolla by broad
filaments united into a short funnel, each continued into a free broad connective, and
terminated by an expanded membrane, all connivent in the centre over the stigma, thus
forming what may be called a stegium. Each connective bears inside two adnate anther-
cells, sometimes divided into four; each cell consists of two distinct laminze, the outer
one (exothecium) being part of the soft connective, the inner one (endothecium) being
separable, forming a polliniferous lobule of an oblong form, terminating at one end in a
thread. Here we find a singular arrangement: the thread of one of the lobules of one
anther is conjoined at its apex with the thread of one of the lobules of the adjacent
anther, and geminately united to a small corpuscle (retinaculum) which is agglutinated
to one of the angles of the clavuncle, leaving them generally pendulous, but sometimes
erect. Each endothecium is thick in substance, and is pitted all over with numerous
minute hexagonal recesses, severally containing a granule of pollen, according to the
analyses of Bauer and Brown *. The style is short, and surmounted in most of the genera
by a very large, flattened, peltate, pentagonal clavuncle, its angles being furnished with
nectarial glands, somewhat as in the Apocynacee, exhibiting in the centre, at the
summit, two distinctly developed stigmata, often very short, which are studded all over
with the usual papillee. The nectarial juice of the glands is now conveyed by the agency
of capillary attraction along the threads of the lobules, and is diffused over their pollini-
ferous surface; and under this stimulus the pollen granules expand into long tubes or
boyaux, which spread in all directions, a sufficient number reaching and penetrating the
papillee of the stigmata, thence passing down the ordinary stigmatic channels to arrive
at the ovules. As the stegium is contrived so that nothing can enter that hollow space,
it follows that the work of fertilization (as in the 4pocynacee) is here effected without
the aid of insect agency. 3

The apparent similarity in the mode of suspension of the pollen-masses in ico
has suggested an affinity between that family and Asclepiadacee; but such an approxi-

* Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 734, tab. 34. figs. 4-6, tab. 35. figs. 7-11.
B 2

4, PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

mation is negatived by every other point of structure. There can be no doubt, however,
that fertilization in the Orchidacec is really accomplished by the agency of insects. The
correctness of the foregoing résumé, as to the structure and relative positions of the
sexual parts of the flower in the Asclepiadacee, is well confirmed by the admirable
analytical figures drawn by Rio Creux, under the auspices of Prof. De Candolle, in
thirty-seven genera of the family: here the clavuncle is constant, generally peltate and
pentagonal, sometimes club-shaped or subcylindrical; but in all cases the five angles of
that process are glandiferous, exuding a peculiar juice: the development during growth
appears to me to show that self-fertilization follows as a necessary consequence, without
the aid of external agency.

On the other hand, we cannot pass over the different view entertained by the cele-
brated Robert Brown, who states unequivocally that, in all the Asclepiadacee ** that
have been hitherto examined, the absolute necessity for the assistance of insects is mani-
fest?” *; and in proof of this he ** considered the evidence complete.”

But neither in this memoir, nor in any other work of that celebrated botanist, as far
as I can remember, is any evidence produced to show how this agency is employed, or
why it is necessary ; on the contrary, the phenomena so minutely described by him,
showing how the pollen tubes are generated, how they force their way through zigzag
obstacles (J. c. p. 725) till they reach the stigma, whence they pass down the stigmatic
channels of the style (* mucous tubes") until they reach the ovules, are all effected
through self-ageney and natural development, without any external influence.

An explanation may be offered in regard to the coma of the seeds. "This term is here
confined to that process at the apex of the seed, formed by the strophiolar enlarge-
ment of the testa around the micropyle, which bears a number of long erect hairs in
several series: this peculiar process is found only in the ¿rue Echitee and in the
Asclepiadacee. The term coma is excluded from those instances where it has been
employed to denote the excurrent mass of hairs which emanate from the surface of
the testa.

Returning to our subject, I may here remark that the numerous observations made
by me in many former years, the careful analyses obtained in Brazil and since my return,
the plants I collected there, still preserved, those in the herbarium of the British
Museum, including many original types, the care taken in the analyses of these,
have afforded useful results, novel in great measure, all here interpolated with the
recorded descriptions of botanists, and all arranged in consecutive order. I have also
been able to identify with specimens in our herbaria the thirty species figured by
Velloz under Tabernemontana and Echites. The evidence thus obtained, copious
as it is, is not sufficient to form a complete monograph of all the South-American
species. To my extreme regret, illness and other causes haye prevented my examination
of the rich materials in the herbarium of Kew; IÍ have not even attempted to examine
the plants of this family belonging to the Old World; so that much more is required to
be done, to form a complete arrangement.

* Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 732.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 5

Following the views before suggested, 1 proceed to offer, in the first place, the pro-
posed classification of the entire family, based on the principles already explained. To
this arrangement will be prefixed, in each tribe, a review of most of the South-
American genera thus eliminated, noting the peculiar characters by which they are
distinguished, and followed in each case by a careful enumeration of the several species
and their synonyms: we thus dispose of the great mass of recorded species of hitherto
doubtful or wrongly assigned position. Whenever I have had access to the specimen
described, and have been able to analyze a flower, a complete enumeration of all its
characters is given in regular and continuous sequence. These may seem to many unne-
cessarily long ; but, in my estimation, no diagnosis can be too long when it is confined to a
simple narrative of facts : it is by such a method alone that we can with confidence assign
any plant to a particular group, and distinguish it from other cognate species. But in those
instances where the plant described by others has not been seen, its diagnosis has been
remodelled, by arranging its given features in the same order of sequence as in the former
case, thus avoiding the disruptions usually effected by authors—such breaks making it
more difficult to compare one species with another, and to decide upon their identity or
difference. ,

In order to render the details of the genera more intelligible, and the differences
between the several groups more apparent, 1 propose to illustrate by analytical drawings
the leading characters of their floral or carpological structure.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA.

Crass I. HAPLANTHEREA : stamens each with two anther-cells, parallel, adnate,
or often dorsally attached to a soft connective.

A. Ovule and seed anatropous.

Tribe 1. OPHIOXYLEÆ : fruit drupiform and indehiscent, either single or double; cells mono-
spermous : seed without pulp, erect, with a basal hilum and inferior radicle, or suspended
with a superior radicle. All albuminous.

Ophioxylon, Rauwolfia, Vallesia, Bicorona.

B. Ovule and seed heterotropous, when the hilum is on the middle of one of the
faces, equidistant from the radicular and cotyledonary extremities.

Tribe 2. Carissem: fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, 2-locular, or l-celled by abortion: seeds
imbedded in pulp, peltate, subcompressed; embryo straight, in albumen, with a basal
radicle. Acokanthera, Ceratites, and Pomphidea are placed here on account of their
stamens, though their fruit is unknown.

Carissa, Ambellania, Carpodinus, Clitandra,
Macoubea, Lacmellia, Otopetalum, Cupirana,
Pacouria, Lycimnia, Vahea, Ceratites,
Couma, Zschokkia, Chilocarpus, Pomphidea,
Hancornia, Winchia, Landolphia, Acokanthera,
Melodinus,

Tribe 3. W1iLLUGHBEIEZX : fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, 1-2-celled : seeds compressed, imbedded
in pulp; embryo straight, without albumen, with a very short radicle: thus differing from the
preceding in the absence of albumen.

Willughbeia.

Tribe 4. Turvetiex : 1 or 2 indehiscent drupes, l- or 2-celled, cells or pseudo-cells mono-

spermous: seeds without pulp, oval, fleshy, peltately affixed, exalbuminous ; embryo with a
short radicle.

Thevetia, Ochrosia, Chetosus, Kopsia,
Tanghinia, Pseudochrosia, Leuconotus, Vinca.
Cerbera, Neubergia,

Tribe 5. Huwrerizx: l to 5 oval dry indehiscent drupes, monospermous : seed compressed,
without pulp, laterally attached by a central hilum; embryo in copious albumen, with a
superior radicle.

Hunteria, Lepimia,

Noterium, Pleiocarpa.
Amblyocalyz,

DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. 7

Tribe 6. AspiposrrrmE2x : 2 follicles, rarely combined into a 2-locular fruit, or generally only
1 by abortion, oblong or semi-oblong, compressed or quite flat, subligneous or coriaceous,
without pulp, dehiscing along the marginal ventral suture into two gaping semivalves
conjoined along the dorsal margin, with a narrow placenta on the suture: seeds large,
parallelly adjacent, extremely compressed, broadly winged all round a central embryo-
niferous scutcheon, which has a small hilum in its centre on the side averse from its
corresponding valve ; or the scutcheon is truncated at one end, broadly winged at the other,
or exalate ; each suspended at the hilum by a slender funicle, either vertically from the
summit, or horizontally emanating from the lateral margin of the suture: embryo filling
the scutcheon, in a thin :egminiform albumen, extremely compressed, with a terete radicle
pointing to the summii o obliquely to the margin, with large, thin, foliaceous, oval
cotyledons more or less deeply cordate.

Aspidosperma, Strempeliopsis, Conopharyngia, Plectaneia.
Thyroma,

Tribe 7. ALLAMANDE&: a single orbicular subcompressed, dry capsule, unilocular, with a thin
pericarp, densely and coarsely echinated, furnished within the peripherial margin with a
placentiferous replum, and divisible into two hemispherical valves, smooth inside; seeds not
very numerous, suspended from the replum in two single series by filiform funicles; testa
oval, with a broad thick callous margin (instead of a wing) surrounding a flat embryoniferous
scutcheon, in the middle of which, on one face, is a central hilum, from which it is suspended
as in Aspidosperma: embryo in thin tegminiform albumen, with a superior terete radicle

and oval foliaceous cotyledons.

Allamanda.

Tribe 8. Prumerira : 2 large, divaricated, thick, linear-oblong follicles, opening along their
ventral suture, which expands internally into 2 flat septiform placentz: seeds many, sub-
compressed, furnished below with a lacerated wing, and affixed peltately and imbricatively
upon each semiseptum : embryo in corneous albumen, with foliaceous cotyledons and an
inferior radicle.

Plumeria, Cameraria.

Tribe 9. Atyxtez: 2 lomentaceous flat indehiscent follicles, transversely articulated into several
dry, monospermous cells, with a longitudinal placenta projecting along one of the internal
faces, round which the seeds are longitudinally conduplieated, and peltately affixed by a
central hilum on the ventral face: embryo in corneous albumen, with oval or oblong folia-
ceous cotyledons, and superior (or inferior?) radicle.

Alyxia, Condylocarpon.

Tribe 10. CrasPIDOSPERMEA : an elongated subcompressed, 2-locular capsule, resolvable into
2 follicles by the splitting of its bilamellar dissepiment, whose edges are inflected at the
axis, and there placentiform, bearing many imbricated seeds peltately attached by a central
hilum on one face, oblong, much compressed, covered all over by numerous long hairs or
scales, often extending far beyond the apex or beyond the margins, or sometimes lacerately
winged : embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle.

Craspidospermum, Manothriz, Tayotum, Rheitrophyllum.
B*

8 DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA.

Crass II. SYMPHYANTHERE.JE: stamens connivent, each with 2 parallel anther-
cells introrsely fixed upon a much longer horny connective, usually membranaceous or
cuspidate at the apex, and terminating below in 2 longer or shorter forks, the pollen-
cells adhering to the clavuncle of the style, all thus held together in a cone.

Tribe 11. TABERNÆMONTANEÆ : 2 follicles, ovoid or oblong, often pointed, dehiscing along their
ventral suture, whose introflexed margins are seminiferous: pericarp thick, fleshy or cori-
aceous : seeds many, attached or suspended each by a more or less elongated fleshy funicle
resembling pulp; seeds ovate, dorsally convex and striated, channelled on the ventral face,
with a callous hilum in the middle, and there affixed to near the end of the funicle, the
other end of which is suspended from the suture; testa coriaceous : embryo heterotropous,
in corneous albumen, with foliaceous cotyledons and a superior terete radicle.

Peschiera, — Anacampta, Stemmadenia, Rejoua,
Bonafousia, Rhigospira, Merizadenia, Orchipeda,
Tabernemontana, Phrissocarpus, Anartia, ` Voacanga.
Taberna, Codonemma, Geissospermum,

Tribe 12. Macovetiex : 2 follicles, linear, oblong, or terete, dehiscing along their ventral
suture, the margins of which are thickened introrsely into a solid resilient placenta, semi-
nigerous on both sides: seeds many, compressed or cylindrical, oblong, imbricated, sub-
winged at the extremities with the lateral margins incurved, peltately affixed by a median
hilum : embryo heterotropous, linear or oblong, in thin albumen, with a superior radicle :
seeds quite glabrous.

Malouetia, Amsonia, Hostmannia, Blaberopus,
Thyrsanthus, Rhazya, Ellertonia, Dissuraspermum.
Gonioma, Lepimia, Alstonia,

C. Seeds anatropous without an apical coma.

Tribe 13. RossrEz: 2 long follicles dehiscing along their ventral suture, the margins of which
expand internally into 2 septiform membranaceous placentas bearing many imbricated
seeds, which are oblong, compressed, suspended from the ventral face, marked by a longi-
tudinal median hilum ; generally clothed with many long, soft hairs, some extending far
beyond the summit, which is often prolonged into a slender rostrum, sometimes very long
and covered plumosely with many fine setaceous hairs, often mistaken for a coma: embryo
in thin albumen, with a superior radicle.

Robbia, Chariomma, Rhabdadenia, Urechites,
Elytropus, Adenium, Laubertia, Epigynum.
Skytanthus, Eriadenia,

Tribe 14. OpowraDrNIEx : 2 elongated follicles (or 1 by abortion) dehiscing along their ventral
suture, the margins of which are invariably expanded into 2 broad septiform placente
studded extrorsely with numerous nodules in longitudinal series, each supporting a seed :
seed long, terete, erect, narrow at its two extremities, everywhere bare; embryo terete, in
albumen, with a basal radicle.

Odontadenia.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. 9

D. Seeds anatropous with an apical coma.

Crass III. ECHITEJE: seeds linear oblong compressed or terete, often with an
elongated rostrum terminated by the micropyle, which is surrounded by a cup-shaped
ring, bearing a crown of 1 or 2 series of long hairs, usually called a coma.

Tribe 15. MacrostrHoNIEA : 2 very long subtorulose follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture,
the narrow margins of which are inflected and seminiferous: seeds linear oblong com-
pressed, with an apical coma. Low erect, or prostrate plants, with a few axillary handsome
flowers, having an extremely long narrow tube with a broad rotate border.

Macrosiphonia.

Tube 16. Srirrcomea#: 2 follicles with very thick pericarp, sometimes very long, rugous or
verrucose, dehiscing along the ventral suture, cither with 2 placentas conjoined by a keel
attached to the suture and then detaching itself, or else narrower remaining separately
attached to the suture: seeds elongated, terete, often with a long rostrum, suspended by
a longer or shorter funicle, with an expanded apical coma: embryo in albumen, with a
superior radicle. 4

Stipecoma, Rhynchodia, Roupellia, Retinocladus,
Chonemorpha, Strophyanthus, Rhodocalyz, Haplophytum.

Tribe 17. Wr1GHTIEX : an oblong 2-celled capsule, splitting septicidally through a thick bila-
mellar dissepiment (becoming like 2 follicles), each cell gaping in the line of the axis, its
introflected margins being seminigerous: seeds inverted, the coma pointing downwards :
embryo without albumen, the cotyledons convoluted.

Wrightia, Kicksia.

Tribe 18. Prestonizx: an oblong 2-celled capsule, splitting septicidally, as in the preceding
tribe, the sutural margins being inflected, subseptiform and seminigerous: seeds many,
imbricated, oblong, furnished at the apex with a long coma, near which they are suspended ;
the radicle of the embryo points to the coma.

Prestonia, Aptotheca, Balfouria, Aganosma,
Nerium, Rhaptocarpus, Lyonsia, Heligme.
Parsonsia, Beaumontia, Villaris,

Tribe 19. D1PLADENIEX : 2 long terete follicles dehiscing along the ventral suture, which is
inflected into 2 parallel placente, bearing many oblong seeds suspended from a point near
the long apical silky coma: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle. The chief pecu-
liarity consists in a disk of 2 flat opposite lobes alternating with the ovaries.

Dipladenia, Homaladenia, Prestoniopsis, Carruthersia.
Micradenia,

Tribe 20. Prosecuitezx : 2 oblong or terete follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture, which
is inflected into 2 parallel or 1 combined placenta, bearing many sublinear seeds suspended
from a point where the longitudinal raphe terminates, and which are crowned with a long
silky coma: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle: disk urceolate, entire, or more

often partly cleft into 5 or 10 lobes.
C

10 DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA.

Flowers often large and subcampanulate with broad segments; rarely much smaller, thus
approaching those of the following tribe : sepals sometimes large, generally imbricated.

Anisolobus, Mandevilla, Echites, Secondatia,
Angadenia, Amblyanthera, Temnadenia, Haplophytum.
Perictenia, Mascarenhasia, Mitozus,

Tribe 21. MrsEcurrEz : 2 long, terete or torulose follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture,
the inflected margins of which are seminiferous. Seeds many, crowded, linear or fusiform,
with an apical coma, suspended as in the preceding tribe.

Corolla small, or of moderate size, with a short tube, and rotate segments simply convoluted :
stamens included, or often more or less exserted : disk rarely obsolete, or very short and
crenulated, or generally consisting of 5 erect, more or less free, fleshy lobes.

Mesechites, Isonema, Holarhena, Ichnocarpus,
Anechites, Laseguea, Alana, Anodendron,
Exothostemon, Hemadictyon, Motandra, Cleghornia,
Thenardia, Cycladenia, Pachypodium, Ecsydanthera,
Forsteronia, Heterothriz, 2 Baissea, Micrechites,
Zygodia, Oncinotis, Rhynchodia, Parameria,
Pottsia, Apocynum, Trachelospermum, Pyenobotrys.

Alafia, Urceola (Chavanesia), Aganosma,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

MACOUBEA.

This genus of Aublet, established upon a tall tree in Guiana, has been placed by most
botanists in Clusiacee, though Cambassédes expressed a contrary opinion. Its floral
structure is unknown; but in its other characters it appears to belong to the Apocynacee,
because all parts of the plant yield a lactescent juice: its leaves are opposite, with
straight divergent nerves arcuately conjoined near the margin, and upon petioles some-
what embracing the branch. The fruit, supported upon a short pedicel, is drupaceous,
globular, as large as an orange, much resembles that of Cupirana, borne upon the per-
sistent calyx; it is indehiscent, with a rough, brown, thick pericarp, apparently unilo-
cular, but only by abortion, as Jussieu observed, for the dissepiment of the ovary is
here thrust on one side: it contains several oblong curving seeds, with a hilum in the
middle of a ventral furrow ; they are covered by a pulpy covering, which when dry is thick
and spongy; each contains, within albumen, an embryo with two fleshy cotyledons and a
small radicle. These characters show a close approach to Ambellania; and Aublet must
have been aware of this affinity, as he figures the two genera in juxtaposition. Only one
species is known, and that imperfectly. The following character is partly formed
after the examination of Aublet’s typical plant, now in the herbarium of the British
Museum.

1. Macovsea GuraxENsIS, Aubl. Pl. Guian. ii. suppl. p. 18, tab. 378 ; Juss. Gen. p. 257; Juss. Ann.
Mus. xx. p. 466; Cambass. Mém. Mus. xvi. p. 396; DC. Prodr. i. 364; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i.
169: arbor lactescens, foliis oppositis, ellipticis, utrinque subacutis, integris, glaberrimis, supra glauco-
viridibus, nervis paullo divergentibus arcuatim nexis, reticulatis; petiolis semiteretibus, in nodum
transversim fere junctis, limbo 8plo brevioribus: racemis oppositis, terminalibus, petiolo fere duplo
longioribus, crebre plurifloris, floribus brevissime pedicellatis ; sepalis minoribus, rotundatis, convexis,
imo gibbosis, et in cupulam brevem coalitis, carnosis, valde imbricatis: pedunculo fructifero brevi ;
drupa majuscula, subsphzrica subcompressa, vel obsolete trisuleata, punctis griseis notata, abortu
1-loculari ; seminibus plurimis, obtuse oblongis, ad raphen longitudinaliter sulcatis, in carne fungosa
nidulantibus; embryone intra albumen, oblongo, cotyledonibus 2, plano-convexis, radicula minima
nexis, In Guiana: v. pl. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne, in sylvis (Aublet) ; fruct. non vidi.

A tree 40 feet high, with a trunk 18 in. in diameter ; its hard wood, of a greenish yellow
eolour, emits a fetid odour, all parts of the plant yielding a lactescent juice. The nodes
of its branches are 1-2 in. apart; the leaves are 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, on petioles 4 in. long,
conjoined across the node. The fruit is suspended by a pedicel 2 lines long, is about
3 in. in diameter, the pericarp being hard and 1 line thick; the seeds are $ in. long,
l in. broad, slightly curved and suleated along one side, by the middle of which they
seem to be attached. c2

12 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAL,

HANCORNIA.

The description of the fruit and seeds of this genus given, in a few words, by Endlicher,
DeCandolle, and Müller is copied from that of Gomez; but it is incomplete. Aware of
this, I lately procured from Pernambuco several fruits preserved in spirit; and Ï now
give the results of their examination. The globular epicarp is a thin coriaceous skin,
covering a paler yellowish fleshy mass, which exudes a milky juice, is sweet and of
a pleasant flavour: it contains several white seeds somewhat sparsely imbedded in it,
which are oval, compressed, consisting only of an albumen and enclosed embryo, the
testa not having been noticed by any previous observer; this, however, exists, appearing
like a smooth hollow cyst, in which the albuminous body reposes; this albumen shows
on the ventral side, a little below the summit, a hollow with a mamillary point which
has been mistaken for the hilum; but it is only the end of the radicle, which almost pro-
trudes. The testa or erst is of an orange colour, is covered externally with numerous
papillose scales, between which the fleshy matter is insinuated, and thus holds it so fast
that it is impossible to extricate it. Intermixed with the fertile seeds we find in the soft
mass many sterile ones, where the nature of the testa is clearly seen; these are free from
the mass, or at least easily separated. This is an empty sac, compressed, showing the true
hilum in the centre of one face, all the rest of the surface being papillose as above-
mentioned.

Müller has united the different species as mere varieties of a single one; but I make out
three distinct species :—1. HANCORNIA SPECIOSA, Gomez; well figured by Müller in his
pl. viii. fig. 3; it is the Ribeira sorbilis of Arruda (in Cent. Pl. Pernam.), and flourishes
in the sertáos or flat arid plains in the province of Pernambuco: its leaves are smaller,
oblong, narrowing to the summit, quite glabrous, on a slender petiole } their length: the
peduncle of the inflorescence is 3 lines long, bears 2 or 3 flowers on pedicels 6 lines long,
each flower 13 in. long. 2. H. PUBESCENS, Nees & Mart., is found on the high tablelands
in the province of Minas Geraés, is arborescent, with leaves covered beneath with fine
ferruginous tomentum, which in my specimen (Claussen, 222) are 2-21 in. long, 10-12
lines broad, more gradually acute at both extremities than in the preceding species, and
on a pubescent petiole 3 lines long; they differ especially in having few, remote, ascend-
ing nerves: its corymbose flowers are larger, with a shorter tube, and are more numerous.
3. H. GARDNERI is a tree about 12 feet high, from the province of Goyaz, has much
larger and broader leaves, rounded towards the summit, where they are suddenly
narrowed into a short linear acumen, with closely parallel patent nerves, quite glabrous,
2-3 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on petioles 1-1} line long; the terminal corymb has a
very short peduncle bearing 6 or 8 erect flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; the flowers are
2 in. long, including the linear segments (9 lines); the fruit is more than double the size
of that of the two preceding species, and is equal in size to a large peach. The differences
are sufficiently great to constitute three valid species.

The typical species has long been cultivated near Pernambuco, and was first described
by Gomez. The milky juice yielded by all of them, as well as by the fruits known by

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 13

the name of Mangaba, affords a material like india-rubber, which is likely to become an
article of commerce.

The Hancornia floribunda, figured by Póppig, is a species of Zshokkea; and the Han-
cornia laxa, A. DC., belongs to Ambellania.

The analysis of the fruit and seed of Hancornia speciosa is shown in Plate 1 A.

AMBELLANIA.

A genus well described and figured by Aublet upon a single Guiana species: to this
Dr. Miiller added five others from Brazil, two of which must be excluded, as indicated
below. The genus is easily distinguished from Cowma, Hancornia, and Zschokkea by the
segments of the corolla, which are linear-oblong, obtuse, membranaceous, simply con-
voluted sinistrorsely in sestivation, afterwards expanded, and by other characters. The
fruit differs from those of the above genera in its fleshy envelope divided into 2 cells by
a very thick fleshy placentiferous dissepiment, in which numerous small seeds are half
imbedded ; these seeds are oval, subcompressed, and peltately attached by a ventral hilum.

7. AMBELLANIA CUCUMERINA, Spruce in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 185 et 243: arborescens, undique lactes-
cens: foliis ovato-oblongis, imo rotundatis, apice sensim apiculatis, integris, marginibus subre-
volutis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, subtus pallidioribus, valde opacis, sub lente
minute granulatis, nervis numerosis tenuibus crebre parallelis recte divergentibus prope marginem
arcuatis, venis vix ullis, costa supra suleata, subtus prominula; petiolo tenui, canaliculato, limbo
40plo breviore: racemo brevi, axillari, pedunculo petiolum quante, floribus subcongestis ; pedicellis
brevissimis; sepalis brevibus, ovatis; corolle tubo cylindrico, glabro, superne sensim latiore, calyce
quadruplo longiore, intus lineis 5 lanato-piloso, segmentis sub:equilongis, lineari-oblongis, obtusulis,
zestivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convolutis, demum expansis; staminibus infra medium tubi
insertis, filamentis brevissimis, antheris acuminatis, imo emarginatis; stylo brevi, valido, apice
indusiatim concavo; stigmatibus 2, globosis, indusio nidulantibus: drupa ovato-oblonga utrinque
obtusa, costatim pentagona, pericarpio crassissimo, carnoso, extus (modo cucumeri) muricato-
tuberculato, 2-loculari, dissepimento crasso carnoso seminigero; seminibus plurimis, ovatis, plano-
convexis; testa tenui, dura, hilo parvo supra medium peltatim affixa; embryone in albumine sub-
corneo subzequilongo incluso, cotyledonibus anguste semiteretibus radicula ad imum spectante triplo
longioribus. In Brasilia: v. pl. sicc. in hb. Hook., fructus in Mus. Kew., Panuré, Rio Negro
(Spruce 2413).

A slender branching tree, 15-30 feet high, yielding an abundant milky juice; its
opposite leaves are 44-54 in. long, 13-27 in. broad, on petioles about 1j line long,
having about 30 pairs of parallel nerves, with others shorter and intermediate; the
small black dots mentioned by Spruce are merely superficial, and in no way resemble
the pellucid dots of the Myrtacee; the imbricated pruinose sepals are 3 lines long; the
tube of the corolla 5 lines long, its segments 4 lines long. The fruit, called ** Pepino do
matto ” (wild cucumber), is 3$ in. long, 1} in. broad, the angles alternate with the sepals ;
the pericarp, of firm texture, is edible, sweet-tasted, with the odour of a ripe apple, and
4-5 lines thiek, the dissepiment between the 2 narrow cells being 3 lines thick, bearing
about 60 oval compressed fleshy seeds 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, covered by a hard
greenish scabrid testa, marked by a small hilum in the middle, by which it is attached

14 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAE.

to the dissepiment ; the albumen is 22 lines long, 3 line thick; radicle superior, 3 times
as long as the short obtuse linear cotyledons.
` A figure of the inflorescence of this species, and of its fruit and seeds, are exhibited in
Plate 1 B.

The Zabernemontana lucida, H. B. K. (Gen. vii. 209), appears to belong to Lacmellia,
as shown below.

To be excluded :—
Ambellania quadrangularis, Müll. = Rhigospira quadrangularis, nob.
Ambellania macrophylla, Müll. = Rhigospira venulosa, nod.

LACMELLIA.

This genus was established in 1856, by Karsten, upon a New-Granada plant, naming
it after its vernacular title, ** Leche e miel" (milk and honey). It has been acknowledged
by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 694), but only by absorbing into it Múller's
genus Zschokkea : the latter appears to me, however, a valid genus, as will presently be
shown. Only one species has been hitherto known; but a second and closely allied
species is here added, from one of Bonpland’s plants.

1. LacmeLLIA EDULIS, Karst. Linn. xxviii. 450. Rio Meta, in littoribus (non vidi).

A middle-sized tree, growing on the banks of the river Meta (flowing from the New-
Granada Andes), at a spot about 70° 40' W. long. and 60° 20' N. lat. : its trunk yields a lac-
tescent juice, made into a cooling drink; it is crowned by a branching head ; its opposite
leaves are shining above, and on short petioles. The inflorescence is an axillary cyme of
small yellow flowers, on bibracteolated pedicels; the calyx consists of 5 small, concave, _
imbricated, persistent sepals; the corolla is tubular, with a border of 5 linear lanceolate
segments, twisted in sestivation and deciduous; the stamens, on very short filaments,
are inserted in a pilose ring above the base of the tube of the corolla; the ovary is single, -
bilocular, with many hemianatropous ovules in longitudinal series in the axis; the style
is conical, 10-costate; stigmata 2, lanceolate. The fruit is yellow, oval, baccate, as large
as a hazel nut, crowned by the persistent style; by abortion it is 1-celled and contains a `
single, good-tasted seed enveloped in a mucilaginous covering; the albumen, as long as -
it, encloses the heterotropous embryo, of 2 oval foliaceous cotyledons conjoined by a
superior fusiform radicle.

2. LACMELLIA LUCIDA, nob.: Tabernemontana? lucida, H. B. K. vii. 209; Psychotria lucida, R. € Sch. í
(non H. B. K.), Syst. iv. 189. In Nova Granada ad Rio Atabapo (non vidi).

A closely allied species, collected by Bonpland at the Missiones of S. Francisco, in the `
same longitude, and about 50 miles southward of the locality of the preceding species.
It forms a lactescent tree 50 feet high, growing on the border of the river, with fuscous `
branches 2-edged, compressed, smooth and incrassate, the axils by a transverse ridge :
conjoining the petioles; leaves opposite, oblong lanceolate, obtuse or rounded, rarely `
emarginated at the apex, narrowly cuneated at the base and running into the petioles, :
subcoriaceous, glabrous, thickened and entire on the margins, with many approximated |
parallel faint nerves, nitid above, concolorous beneath, with a prominent midrib, 3-3} in. '

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZR. 15

long, 10-11 lines broad, on channelled fossated petioles 4-5 lines long: panicle terminal,
subtrichotomous, bracteated, glabrous; bracts small, ovate; flowers white, having the
smell of jasmine; pedicels 13 line long: sepals small, ovate, imbricated, somewhat
unequal; tube of corolla funnel-shaped, 8 times as long as the calyx, segments oblong,
revolute at the apex, imbricated at the base: stamens acute, sessile, inserted within the
tube: ovary subbilocular, ovules attached to a thickened placenta in the axis; style short,
subulate; stigma simple: drupes ovate-oblong, fleshy, edible, 1 in. long, 2-locular, filled
with a lactescent, glutinous pulp, each cell containing one plano-convex seed.

From these descriptions, Lacmellia is shown to differ from Ambellania in its more
membranaceous corolla, with lanceolate segments revolute at the apex, in its much
longer anthers, the filaments inserted in a pilose ring near the base of the tube, a conical
10-costate style, a much smaller fruit, of thinner consistence, with a single plano-convex
seed in each cell, clothed in a mucilaginous envelope. Although it approaches Zschokkea
in its fruit, it differs in its corolla with much longer and lanceolate segments and a
shorter tube.

ZSCHOKKEA.

A valid genus, established by Miiller in 1860 upon several species from Brazil and
Guiana, besides another from the Upper Amazonas river. It has been united with
Lacmellia by the authors of the Gen. Plant. (ii. 694); but it appears to me it should be
kept distinct, as it differs from that genus in the extremely short rounded segments of the
corolla, in its very long slender anthers bidentate at their base and enclosed within the
upper part of the tube of the corolla, in its simple style, in the densely barbate stig-
mata, in its smaller, dry, capsular fruit, and contains a single plano-convex dry seed,
in which respect it approaches Rauwolfia.

The following are its known species :—

—

. ZscHOKKEA GRACILIS, Müll. Z. c. p. 21, tab. 6. fig. 1. River Amazonas, near Barra do Rio Negro
(Spruce 1000).

2. —— RAMOSISSIMA, Müll. Z. c. p. 21, tab. 7. River, Uhaupes (Spruce 2628).

ARBORESCENS, Müll. Z. c. p. 22, tab. 6. fig. 3. Rio Negro (Spruce 1001-1922).

MoNosPERMA, Müll. /. c. p. 22, tab. 6. fig. 2. Santarem (Spruce 679).

MICROCARPA, Müll. Z. c. p. 23. Rio Negro (Spruce 3537).

FLORIBUNDA, Müll. /. c. p. 23 : Hancornia floribunda, Popp. Gen. iii. 70, tab. 279. River Amazonas,

near Ega (Póppig, 2723).

GUIANENSIS, Müll. Linn. xxx. 391. French Guiana (Poiteau).

CUPIRANA.

This genus is the Cowpoui of Aublet, who figured the plant and unripe fruit only,
which is represented as if crowned with a superior calyx—a mistake originating in the
inversion of the detached drupe: hence the genus has been referred by most botanists to
the Myrtacee, De Candolle placing it among the doubtful members of that family.
Endlicher and Lindley ranged it among the Barringtoniee, while Hooker and
Bentham referred it to Pentagonia among Rubiacee. Its true place, however, is un-
questionably in Apocynacee, as I have ascertained by flowering specimens of the same

16 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

plant collected in Cayenne by Martin, preserved in the British Museum. I have not
adopted Aublet's generic name, as it might be confounded with his genus Couepia, with
his Goupia, and with DeCandolle's Cupia, but have given its vernacular, Cupi-rana (wild
Cupi), a name given to it to distinguish it from the true Cupi ( Couepia guianensis, Aubl.).
The floral characters in the following diagnosis are derived from my own analysis of
Martin's plants, which show two very distinct species ; those of the fruit are derived whol!
from Aublet's description and drawing, with the necessary correction.

CuriRANA, nob. Coupoui, Aubl.; Calyx tubulosus, margine truncato obsolete 5-denticulato, crassiuscu
lus, 5-nervis, e laminis 2 separabilibus constans, inferiore tenuiter membranacea, enervi, margine
breviter ciliato, ezeriore breviter 5-dentata, demum in lacinias 5 rupta, persistens. Corolle tubus
calyce paullo longior, crassus; limbi segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta, tubo duplo longiora, imo brevis-
sime auriculata, crasse carnosa, opaca, erecto-expansa, sestivatione valde imbricata et sinistrorsum
simpliciter convoluta. Stamina 5, inclusa, laciniis alterna, imo tubo inserta; filamenta brevissima,
lineari-membranacea; anthere biloculares, imo cordatee, sinu dorsali affix, loculis anguste linearibus
ad connectivum tenue apice cuspidatim excurrens dorso adnatis, utrinque rima longitudinali
introrsum dehiscentibus; pollen subtrigonum, e granulis coherentibus. Discus parvus, breviter
urceolatus, margine crenatus, glaber. Ovarium depresse globosum, bisuleatum, glabrum, disco
insitum, eodem dimidio brevius, liberum, biloculare; ovula pauca, axi affixa. Stylus corolle tubo -
dimidio brevior, tenuis, sub-4-angulatus, angulis hispidulis, imo pilosus, apice incrassatus ; clavuncula
cylindrica, simplex, aut glandulis 2 linearibus oppositis rigide hispidulis signata: stigmata 2, acute
linearia, membranacea, adpressa, glabra, glandulis alterna et :quilonga. Drupa majuscula, ovata,
calyce persistente rupto suffulta, abortu unilocularis, monosperma; semen magnum, amygdalinum.
Arbores in Cayenna vigentes, frondose; folia magna, oblongo-lanceolata, nervosa; flores plurimi,

singulatim. pedicellati, summis ramis congesti; pedicelli longi aut breves, imo bracteati; drupe
magne, indehiscentes.

1. CUPIRANA AUBLETIANA, nob.: Coupoui aquatica, Aubl. Pl. Guian. ii. Suppl. p. 17, tab. 377 : procera,
trunci cortice levi, viridi; ramis crassiusculis, nudis; ramulis angulato-striatis, fistulosis, medulla
repletis: foliis circa 6, alternis, ad apicem ramulorum congestis, magnis, lanceolato-oblongis, infra —
medium subangustioribus, imo cordatis, auriculis rotundatis et imbricantibus, sursum gradatim
angustatis, apice repente acuminatis, glaberrimis, supra pallide viridibus, undique opacis, in costa -
nervisque sulcatis, venis reticulatis, subtus costa nervisque prominentibus; petiolo angulato, glabro, _
imo crassiore, limbo 4—5plo breviore: floribus circa 18, in apice ramulorum congestis; pedicellis -
teretibus, calyce 4plo longioribus, imo bracteatis; bractea oblonga rubra, intus dense ramentacea —
et rufo-tomentosa: calyce tubuloso, adpresse velutino; corolla calyce 3plo longiore, opaca, seg- `
mentis vix explicatis: drupa oblonga, immatura ejus Cifri medice magnitudine, viridi, imo calyce `
suffulta. In Guiana: v. pl. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, Cayenne (Martin) ; fructus non vidi.

Aublet's specific name is not adopted, as it presupposes a small aquatic plant, |
instead of a very tall tree. The trunk is smooth and greenish, with a soft white wood; its `
branchlets are filled with a soft pith. The leaves, aggregated at the summit of its bare `
branchlets, are, in the specimen quoted, 17-20 in. long, 7-81 in. broad, on petioles —
4-43 in. long; according to Aublet they are 22 in. long, 9 in. broad: they are prettily ;
marked with about 24 pairs of divergent nerves, arcuately conjoined within the margin. |
About 18 flowers are aggregated on the summit of the branchlet, each on a pedicel some- ;
what thickened above, nearly 2 in. long, and furnished at its base with an oblong sessile `
reddish bract 1 in. long and jin. broad: the calyx is 6 lines long, 34 lines in diam.;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,. 17

the tube of the corolla is 7 lines long, 23 lines in diam.; the border-segments 11 lines
long, 3 lines broad, thick, fleshy, distinctly auriculated at the base, and so firmly con-
voluted sinistrorsely that they are with difficulty unrolled: the stamens are 4 lines long;
the urceolate disk is 1 line high, 2 lines broad; the globular ovary is 14 line in diam. ;
the slender style is 4 lines long; the clavuncle, with its glands, is 2 lines long; the 2
stigmata 1 line long, 3 line broad. The fruit, according to Aublet, is about the size of a
citron, of a greenish colour when not quite ripe; it contains a single seed, as in Zschokkea
and Zacmellia, the structure of which is unknown.

A drawing of the above species, explaining its floral structure, with a figure of the
fruit, are given in Plate II.

3. Currrana MarTINIANA, nob. : ramulis crassiusculis, nudis, angulato-striatis, apice foliiferis, cicatricibus
foliorum caducorum crebre signatis ; foliis hinc paucis, alternis, magnis, elongato-oblon gis, a medio
utrinque sensim angustioribus, imo cuneatis, et in petiolo subbrevi decurrentibus, apice acutis,
supra pallide viridibus, subnitidis, sparsim pilosis, in costa nervisque sulcatis, nervis venisque trans-
versim reticulatis immersis, subtus pallidioribus, costa, nervis venisque prominentibus et paullo
pilosis; petiolo dense piloso, limbo 30plo breviore: floribus plurimis in apice ramulorum dense
congestis, pedicellis duplo, et calyce 4plo brevioribus; calyce ore integro, extus dense flavide
et adpresse villoso, intus tenuiter sericeo ; corolla calyce duplo longiore, intus glabra, extus pilis
densis flavidis adpressis retrorsis villosa, tubo calycis longitudine, limbi laciniis 6, tubo sequilongis,
carnosis, oblongo-acutis, imo subcordatis, valde convolutis: staminibus precedentis, cum filamentis
paullo longioribus; disco brevi, campanulato, crenulato, glabro; ovario minimo, depresse globoso,
glabro, 2-loculari; stylo tenui stamina attingente, imo dense piloso, superne glabro; stigmate ei
zequilongo, bifisso, lobis lineari-acutis, adpresse erectis. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. in
flore Cayenne (Martin).

A species very similar in habit to the preceding, but different in many charac-
ters. Its aggregated leaves are 15 in. long, 61 in. broad, on a thick villous petiole
only 3 in. long: it has about 12 densely aggregated terminal flowers, upon short
villous pedicels, 1 line long, growing out of a cluster of very short acute bracts:
the calyx is 6 lines long, 3 lines broad, somewhat gibbous at base; the tube of the
corolla is 5 lines long, its border-segments 5 lines long; the aciculated anthers 4 lines
long, on filaments 13 line long, fixed to the bottom of the tube, and dorsally attached to the
anther j line above its cordate base; the style, rising from a tuft of hairs on the summit
of the ovary, is 33 lines long, is thickened above by a clavuncle 1 line long; the stigmata,
13 line long, are lanceolate and erect: disk 1 line high, 2 lines broad; ovary depressed-
globose, 3 line in diam., its 2 cells too minute to ascertain the number of ovules: several
spiral threads were observed in the fleshy substance of the segments of the corolla.

CERATITES.

This genus, well elaborated by Dr. Solander, has escaped the notice of botanists, owing
to the knowledge being only possessed by few of the rare books in the Banksian library,
where the scarce work of Solander is deposited—a volume which minutely describes many

‘rare Brazilian plants, well illustrated by several beautiful coloured drawings. Ceratites
was founded on a single species, collected by him in Rio de Janeiro in 1768, the typical
D

18 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

plant being still extant in the herbarium of the British Museum. Itis curious that, in the
interval of 110 years, this rare plant has not again been met with, although that neigh-
bourhood has been since industriously searched by many scores of collectors. The genus
is near Couma, differing in the singular form of its corolla (which suggested its generic
name), in the shape of its stamens, the structure eR its disk, and other features, as the
following diagnosis will show.

Crratires, Soland.—Char. emend. : Sepala 5, acute oblonga, membranacea, subreflexa. Corolla tubulosa,
flavide tomentosa, tubo cylindrico, calyce triplo longiore, supra medium constricto, et hinc intus
infra piloso, limbi segmentis 5 obtuse lanceolatis, tubo «quilongis, subdextrorsum contortis, extus
cum appendicibus subulatis sub apicem cornutis tomentosis, intus concavis et glabris. Stamina 5,
inclusa, ad constrictionem tubi inserta: filamenta subbrevia, tenuia, extus pilosula; anthere libere,
erectz, lineares, 2-lobze, sub medium divaricatim fissee, in sinu affixee, lobis utrinque obtusis, longi-
tudinaliter dehiscentibus. Discus breviter tubulosus, liber, margine integro minute glanduloso.
Ovaria 2, subglobosa, pilosa, disco :equilonga; stylus glaber, filiformis, stamina attingens, apice
fusiformi-incrassatus ; stigmata 2, parva, acuta, pilosa, subdivaricata. Fructus ignotus. Frutex
Brasiliana ; folia opposita, elliptica, petiolata ; panicul axillares folio dimidio breviores, bis trichotome,
floribus circ. 9 in dichotomiis, fere sessilibus, dense tomentose.

1. CERATITES AMENA, Soland. MS. in sched. 1083; in Prim. Fl. Bras. p. 68, tab. pict. 26: ramulis
teretibus cinereo-opacis, axillis nodulosis : foliis oppositis, elliptico-oblongis, imo acutis, apice sensim
subacutis calloso-mucronatis, chartaceis, marginibus integris subrevolutis, supra pallide et lete
viridibus, subnitidis, nervis tenuissimis vix prominulis, subtus flavide opacis, brevissime puberulis,
costa nervisque prominulis; petiolo tenui, semitereti, glabro, limbo 20plo breviore: paniculis
axillaribus, flavide puberulis, circa 9-floris; peduneulo 3-ramoso, ramis dichotome divaricatis, cum
flore fere sessili in dichotomiis; pedicellis brevissimis; sepalis lanceolatis, membranaceis, reflexis,
puberulis; corolla flavide tomentosa; cet. ut in char. gener. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit.
Rio de Janeiro (Solander, anno 1768).

I have stated that this genus approaches Cowma in structure: the latter is described
and figured by Müller, who alleges that it has no disk; but I have found in C. dulcis and
C. oblongifolia a decided disk, concealing 2 pilose ovaries as in Ceratites. In the present
species the branchlets are 1 line thick, the axils being 3-1 in. apart; the leaves are
3133 in. long, 11-12 in. broad, on petioles 11-2 lines long; the peduncle is 6 lines long,
the 3 branches 4 lines long, each dichotomously divided, with a flower in each dichotomy,
on pedicels $ line long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, segments 3 lines
long, with cornute appendages 2 lines long, placed below the apex: stamens seated in —
the contraction of the tube; filaments slender, 14 line long; anthers 1 line long: style —
41 lines long. 3

A figure of this species, with an analysis of its peculiar floral structure, is exhibited in
Plate I. c.

POMPHIDEA.

This genus* is proposed for a Jamaica plant collected by Swartz, and hitherto un-
described. Its floral structure, in many points, approaches that of Ambellania. It has

* So named from roupos (cutis tumide vesicata) and idéa ( facies).

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 19

opposite leaves, a short axillary raceme with few flowers of rather small size, a calyx
of 5 unequal oblong sepals, of which 2 are exterior, broader and twice the length of the
others, all imbricated; within, at the base, are numerous minute scales, so united as to
appear like a ring denticulated on its margin; the corolla has a short tube, with a
border of 4 or 5 oblong fleshy suberect segments, dextrorsely convoluted in sestivation,
the whole marked by many pustular elevations; stamens alternate with the segments,
fixed in the base of the tube,—the filaments being also pustular, the anther-cells parallel
placed upon a connective bearing on its apex a large gland; a disk of 5 free erect lobes,
surrounding the base of an oblong 2-celled ovary crowned by a short thick style
indusiate at its apex and enclosing 2 rounded stigmata as in Ambellania.

PomPHIDEA, nob.: Flores 5-, rarius 4-meri: sepala 5 (raro 4), lineari-oblonga, inzequalia, quorum 2 ex-
teriora duplo longiora et latiora, imbricata, erecta, crassiuscula, intus squamulis numerosis mem-
branaceis parvis acutis in annulum confluentibus: corolle tubo sepala majora sequante, cylindrico,
segmentis tubo vix «equilongis, oblongis, subacutis, «qualibus, crassis, rigidis, glabris, suberectis,
eestivatione paullo dextrorsum convolutis, cum tubo utrinque pellucide pustulatis. Stamina seg-
mentis alterna, imo tubi inserta; filamenta tubo «equilonga, linearia, late complanata, utrinque
pustulata, marginibus dense ciliato-pilosis; anthere parallele 2-lobe, lobis lineari-oblongis, dorso
affixis, introrsis, rima longitudinali dehiscentibus; connectivum filamento continuum, excurrens,
pustulatum, apice subito constrictum et in glandula majuscula pellucida terminatum. Discus
5-lobus, lobis liberis, erectis, lineari-oblongis, carnosis, apice crenulato-truncatis, ovario duplo
longiori cireumpositis. Ovarium oblongum, tubo corolle brevius, angulatum, striatum, profunde
2-suleatum, 2-loculare. Stylus subteres, ovario paullulo angustior et zequilongus, apice indusiatim
excavatus et incrassatus, truncatus ; stigma 2-glandulosum, cavitati semiimmersum. Fructus ignotus.
Arbor Jamaicensis: folia opposita, oblongo-ovata, breviter petiolata ; racemus axillaris, brevis, pedun-
culatus, pauciflorus; flores subparvi, pedicellati.

l. PomPHIDEA SWARTZIANA, nob.: folis oppositis oblongis, imo obtusis, apice in acumen subacutum
constrictis, integris, glabris, chartaceis, utrinque opacis, minutissime pellucido-punctulatis, et
granulato-rugulosis, supra flavide viridibus, nervis arcuatim nexis subimmersis, subtus ochraceo-
ferrugineis ; petiolo tenui, limbo 30plo breviore: racemo axillari, pedunculato, abortione 2-floro ;
floribus subparvis, pedicellatis, fuscis; sepalis extus pilosis et pustulatis, squamulis internis basalibus
albis. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Swartz).

No particulars are given by Swartz: the branchlet is slender, rugulose, with axils 1 in.
apart, it is exstipulate: the leaves are 22—3$ in. long, 11-13 in. broad, on a very slender
petiole 1 line long; the axillary peduncle is 4 lines long, on the summit of which only
2 flowers remain on pedicels, each 13 line long: the 2 outer sepals are 23 lines long,
1 line broad, the 3 inner ones being 14 line long, 3 line broad; the tube of the corolla is
21 lines long, 1 line broad, its segments 23 lines long, 2 line broad: lobes of disk 4 line
long; ovary superior, $ line long; style $ line long.

A note in pencil upon the specimen states, “ Sepals 4-5; petals 45; fruit a mecs
capsule:" the former are probably as much in error as the latter, which cannot be a
true statement; for I found the ovary to be 2-celled, and this is confirmed by the 2-lobed

stigma.
A drawing to illustrate this species d its floral analysis is given, Plate I. D.

D2

20 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.
''HEVETIA.

A new species, from Venezuela, is here added to this genus, which nearly approaches
the handsome plant described and figured by Mr. Bentham in the Botany of the
‘Sulphur,’ p. 124, tab. 43. I will first, however, explain my view of the carpological
strueture of the genus, which is not quite exactly described by Prof. DeCandolle in his
* Prodromus;' and it is difficult to understand the long description of Dr. Müller in
Mart. * Fl. Bras., which is not correct.

My analysis was made from a plant of T. ahouai, cultivated in Rio de J anejro. This
species is well figured in Lamarck's * Illustr.’ tab. 170: the compressed globular ovary is
pseudo-4-locular, the true dissepiment being across the shorter diameter, having on each
side a very broad placentary expansion extending nearly to the wall of the cells in the
direction of the longer diameter, thus appearing pseudo-4-celled, a single ovule being
peltately attached upon each side of each branch of the placenta. This structure is
maintained in the ripe fruit; within the pericarp is a heart-shaped compressed osseous
nut, shown in a reversed position in Lamarck's plate: along the emarginated apex of this
nut is a suture, which extends nearly to the base along each edge, into which a knife
easily penetrates ; but it requires some force to cut through its more solid base: we thus
divide the nut into two plano-convex portions, the division being through the bilamellar
placente: upon the surfaces of the division, on each face a cord of spiral vessels rises
from the base, diverges upwards, and is lost at a spot opposite to each seed, and therefore
opposite to the hilum of each: around this spot, within the cell, is a deep hollow in
the placenta, formed by the pressure of the rounded peltate hilum: the 4 seeds, which
fill the spaces of the A pseudo-cells, are irregularly globose, flattened on one side around
the large convex hilum: the testa is stoutly chartaceous, of a brownish colour, and so
firmly attached to the hilum, that it cannot be there detached without rupture; this
integument is lined within by a network of snow-white branching threads of the raphe;
the inner integument is free, membranaceous, and of a darkish colour, closely investing
an embryo, without any trace of albumen, which consists of 2 roundish plano-convex
fleshy cotyledons united by a short obtusely conical radicle, projecting horizontally and
centrifugally to the outer edge of the cell: this embryo is therefore heterotropous ;
i. e. the hilum is laterally placed between the two extremities of the embryo. The new
species before mentioned is defined in the following manner :—

THEVETIA CALOPHYLLA, nob.: ramulis teretibus brunnco-opacis: foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo
cuneatis, apice acute acuminatis, chartaccis, marginibus subrevolutis, supra viridibus, opacis, corru-
gulatis, ad nervos semiimmersos sulcatulis, subtus opacis, brunnescentibus, corrugulatis, nervis `

omnino immersis ; petiolo semitereti, limbo 11-12plo breviore : racemo brevi, terminali, paucifloro; . 1
pedicellis subvalidis, calyce 3plo longioribus; sepalis oblongis, acutis, membranaceis, parallele. dE

nervosis; corolle tubo cylindrico, supra medium ampliore, limbi segmentis 5, tubo dimidio brevi-
oribus, dolabriformibus, dextrorsum contortis, cum appendicibus 5 subacutis intra faucem alternis;
staminibus 5, sub squamas insitis, inclusis, ex annulo piloso ortis; filamentis brevibus; antheris
sine eonnectivo profunde 2-lobis, lobis imo divaricatis; disco annulari, carnoso; ovario paullo
longiore, glabro, 2-loculari ; stylo longo, filiformi, apice in clavunculam cylindricam 10-sulcatam imo

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEZ. 21

fimbriatim 10-lobam incrassato; stigmatibus 2, acutis, terminalibus. In Venezuela: v. s. in herd.
Mus. Brit. Valle la Cura (Moritz 1158).

The axils of the branchlets are 4 in. apart; the leaves are 51-6 in. long, 14-12 in.
broad, on a petiole 3 in. long: the peduncle of the raceme is shorter than the petiole,
3-4-flowered; the pedicels 5 lines long; the sepals 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla
is 10 lines long, its segments 5 lines long, 23 lines broad.

The particulars of the floral structure of this plant, and a copious analysis of the fruit
and seed of the Linnean species, are given in Plate IV. A.

Müller, in Linn. xxx. 392, describes another new species from Paraguay (Weddell
3112), under the name of Thevetia cornuta.

ASPIDOSPERMA.

This genus, established by Martius in 1824, consists of numerous species, 19 of which
were enumerated by Prof. DeCandolle in 1854, and 30 others, soon after, described by
Dr. Müller. They are generally trees of considerable size, yielding valuable hard white
woods, known in Brazil as ** marfim” (ivory), “ peroba,” and rz piquiá;" they have generally
alternate or crowded leaves, and an inflorescence of extremely small flowers, in the struc-
ture of which there is nothing that calls for remark, except that the estivation was
stated by DeCandolle, in error, to be of dextrorse convolution, instead of sinistrorse as
more correctly shown by Müller, and that the disk, small, annular, and adhering to the
ovaries, is sometimes evanescent. The structure of the fruit and seeds is very peculiar,
and has hardly been correctly described. I have added here an analytical drawing of
that of 4. Gomezianum, A. DC., which I gathered and examined in 1835, in Rio de
Janeiro, which will serve as an illustration of the carpological features of the genus.

The fruit, normally, should consist of 2 follicles; but I do not remember an instance
where both are perfected; and it is certain that generally one is abortive. In
A. Gomezianum this follicle, about 2 in. long, is of an obovoid form, much compressed,
somewhat convex on both faces, the pericarp being hard, almost ligneous, much rounder
along the ventral edge, in the line of which the dehiscence takes place by a suture which
occupies ¿ of the whole periphery; and on the external faces a curved ridge is seen
extending from one end of the suture to the other: hence it happens that, as the suture
gapes open, the pericarp assumes the form of 2 valves, remaining united along the dorsal
edge, when within each valve are seen 4 seeds (8 in all) extremely flat, closely applied to
each other, of an oval form, filling the internal cavity, each having a flatteued oval
embryoniferous scutcheon surrounded by a broad membranaceous wing; in the centre,
on one side of this scutcheon, is seen a small hilum, attached to one end of a long
slender funicle, the other end of which emanates from the inner margin of the suture at
the summit, and each seed is thus suspended; but as the hilum is invariably placed on
the side furthest from its corresponding valve, the funicles of the 4th and 5th seeds touch
one another, and all have an aspect towards the axis: the scutcheon, which is thinly
chartaceous and indehiscent, is filled by a free, compressed body of thin pergamineous
texture, which appears to me a thin albumen, as it bears no indication of a chaloza, which

22 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

it should do if it were the inner integument: this albumen contains an embryo of equal |

length and breadth, consisting of 2 fleshy foliaceous oval cotyledons, deeply cordate at
their summit, and furnished in the sinus with a superior terete radicle about 3 of their
length.

It has been hitherto considered that the seeds in this genus have no albumen; but I
think its presence is here manifested.

Species excluded and otherwise referred : —

ASPIDOSPERMA RAMIFLORUM, Müll. Z. c. p. 55 : referred to Geissospermum.
NITIDUM, Müll. p. 59
POLYNEURUM, Müll. p. 57
PARVIFOLIUM, Müll. p. 57
CONDYLOCARPUM, Müll. p. 55
SgrLowi, Müll. p. 56
Burn, Müll. p. 56
BICOLOR, A. DC. p. 397
LuorzkrawvM, Müll. p. 60
ANOMALUM, Müll. p. 61
SESSIFLORUM, Müll. Linnea, xxx. p. 399 H P
CYLINDROCARPUM, Müll. p. 54: probably belonging to Strempeliopsis.

P Thyroma.

25 25

ae

A drawing of AsPIDOSPERMA GOMEZIANUM, its inflorescence, its floral analysis, its `

follicle, and details of its carpological structure are shown in Plate TIT. a.

THYROMA.

When examining the Hippocrateacee in the Hookerian herbarium in 1865, I observed
a specimen from the island of Trinidad, named, in the handwriting of Dr. Grisebach, _
* Hippocratea neurocarpa Griseb. ;” but this name was not included among the species -

of that genus in his ‘Flora Br. W. Ind.’ (1864). In that work, however (p. 411), I

found the same plant described by him as Aspidosperma sessiflora, Müll. On referring to -

Miiller’s description of the same in Linn. xxx. 399 (1860), I was satisfied that it corre-

sponded well with Grisebach’s plant, also from Trinidad, from Sieber’s collection. Ï -
found in the same herbarium another specimen, from the island of S. Vincente, under the `
handwriting of Grisebach, of Hippocratea neurocarpa, also in fruit. The examination of |
the flowers and fruits convinced me that they belonged to a new genus, near Aspido- `
sperma, and then named by me Thyroma*, the characters of which were at that time

fully described.

TayRoma, nob.: Aspidosperma (in parte), Müll. ; Hippocratee sp., Griseb.: Flores parvi, breviter pedi- -
cellati; sepala 5, imo in cupulam crassam connata, oblonga, acuta, crassiuscula, imbricata, quorum :
2 exteriora, intus squamula ciliolata, sepe obsoleta munita, immutata persistentia, Corolla calyce |
2-8plo longior, tubo subcylindrico, erassiuseulo, intus sub medium piloso, fauce squamulis 5 carno- -
sulis segmentis oppositis apice conniventibus munito, segmentis 5 tubo 3-4plo brevioribus, ovatis 1
aut oblongis, carnosis, glabris, vix expansis, valde imbricatis et simpliciter sinistrorsum convolutis. ` E

* From ipa (janua), ¿poros (similis), from the resemblance of its follicular capsule to two adjoining doors hinged
and folded together.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE. 23

Stamina 5, supra medium ad annulum pilosum inserta; filamenta brevissima, tenuia, glabra; anthere
faucem attingentes, subulatee, imo cordate, connectivo excurrente apiculate, conniventes. Discus

- brevis, tenuiter cylindraceus, glaber, ovariis dimidio brevior. Ovaria 2, vix coherentia, minima, imo
disco adglutinata, superne valde pilosa: ovula pauca, superposita, funiculo brevi affixa: stylus
tenuis, glaber; clavuncula stamina attingens, majuscula, globosa, carnosa, sspe colorata, glabra:
stigmata 2, terminalia, setosa, patentia, pilis patentibus basalibus munita. Folliculus solitarius
(an semper ?), calycis fundo stipitatus, unilateraliter oblonge subquadratus, compressissimus, utrinque
planus, margine dorsali recto et mucronato, coriaceus, pro $ peripherii ad marginem ventralem
replum simulans subtumidus, et hinc modo siliquz hians, 1-locularis (hoc modo schedas 2 dorso
cardinatas fingens). Semina 4, interdum plura, compressissima, oblonga, una extremitate scuto
embryonifero truncata, altera pro dimidia parte ala membranacea signata, per paria inter schedas
posita, quorum unum est eum scuto supero, alterum inverse infero, omnibus, in facie scuti ad axem
spectante hilo centrali donatis, hinc funiculis totidem horizontalibus appensis, alternatim inversis
et a replo marginali ortis: scuta hoc modo alternatim inversa, oblique ovata subchartacea, singula
embryonifera. Albumen (integumentum simulans) subpergamineum, ad scutum semiadheerens ;
embryo inclusus, «equilongus, e cotyledonibus ovatis foliaceis profundius oblique cordatis, radicula
in sinu «equilonga tereti, alternatim infera aut supera 5plo breviore, semper ad medium suture
oblique spectante. Frutices Antillani et Brasilienses ramis subscandentibus : folia opposita aut sub-
alterna, oblonga, integra, glabra, breviter petiolata : paniculee subbreves, axillares, ramose corymbose,
multiflore.

1. THYROMA SESSILIFLORA, nob.: Aspidosperma sessiliflorum, Müll. Linn. xxx. 399; Griseb. W. Ind. Fl.
p. 411: Hippocratea neurocarpa, Griseb. MS. In Antilles: v. s. in hb. Hook. in ins. Trinidad
(Sieber 53, in flore) ; ejusd. loco, sine nom. in fructu, sub Hippocratea neurocarpa, Griseb. ; in ins.
S. Vincente (Guilding, in fruetu).

I have not changed Dr. Müller's specific name, although each flower-of its panicle is
supported on a pedicel longer than the calyx: the axils of its lenticellated branchlets are
3-1 in. apart: the oblong obtuse opposite leaves, sometimes alternate, shining green
above, yellowish opake below, are 21-3 in. long, 12-16 lines broad, on a petiole 2-3 lines
long: the axillary panicle is 132 in. long, its alternate branches, closely approxi-
mated, have still more closely ramified branchlets bearing few subagglomerated flowers,
on stout 5-grooved short pedicels with 3 approximated minute bracteoles: the erect
ciliolated sepals are 14 line long: the tube of the corolla is 13 line long, the segments of
the border 3 line long, concave, obtusely oblong, thickish, with the left margin con-
voluted ; the roundish fleshy scales in the mouth of the corolla are distinct, opposite the
segments, above and alternate with the anthers, whose apiculated summits are scarcely
exserted, and which are 4 line long; the style is terminated by a globose gland and
2 minute stigmata. The fructiferous rachis is 1 in. long; its pedicels 2-3 lines long;
the flat follicle is 14 lines long, 7 lines broad: the seeds are 13 lines long, 5 lines broad,
attached to the marginal replum as before described, 2 on each valve, one with a superior,
the other with an inferior scutcheon 8 lines long, 5 lines broad, the embryo filling its
space; the oval cotyledons, cleft at their base obliquely, have a narrow sinus 2 lines
deep, in which the terete radiele is seen, always pointing to the middle of the pa
margin of the follicle.

A drawing of this species in flower and in fruit, showing its floral analysis, with ex-
planatory figures of its peculiar carpological structure, are given in Plate ITI. B.

24 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

2. THYROMA DECIPIENS, nob.: Aspidosperma decipiens, Müll. l. c. p. 398. In Venezuela; v. s. in herb.
meo et aliorum Rio Maypure, Rio Orinoco (Spruce 3657).

A species near the preceding, with slender verruculose branches, having opposite, or
by abortion alternate axils, 3-4 lines apart: the oblong-ovate leaves, with rounded or
emarginated summits, are 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, on a slender petiole 3 lines long; they
are shining and glabrous above, with about 15 pairs of nerves, yellowish opake beneath,
obsoletely tomentous under a lens, with prominent midrib and nerves: the panicle is
6 lines long, with about 4 alternate branches 3 lines long, bearing few flowers on very
short pedicels; the structure of the flower as in the foregoing species.

3. Tuyroma NITIDA, nob.: Aspidosperma nitidum, Benth. MS.; Müller in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 26.
p. 59. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1657).

A species, compared with the two former, inaptly called nitida: the axils of the sub-
angular verruculose branchlets are 43 in. apart: the opposite leaves, often alternate,
are oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, with somewhat revolute margins, are 23-3 in. long,
13-13 in. broad, on a petiole 33-4 lines long, they are green, subopake above, closely
impressed-punetate, and with about 16 pairs of nerves, of a yellowish dirty white
beneath, with an impressed scrobiculate surface, with prominent midrib and suleated `
nerves: the axillary panicle, densely corymbose, on a bifurcated peduncle 4 lines long, |
bearing 2 capitate heads of small flowers, 4-5 lines in diameter; the pedicels are 3 line
long, with 3 short ciliated bracts at base: the oval subacute sepals, puberulous outside,
are $ line long; the corolla, 2 lines long, has a tube half that length, with border-
segments lanceolate-oblong, nearly erect, subfleshy and sinistrorsely convoluted ; disk,
ovary, style, and.stigma as in the typical species.

4. THYROMA POLYNEURA, nob.: Aspidosperma polyneurum, Müll. in Mart. Fl. Bras. l. c. p. 57. In
Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro : v. s. in hb. Hook. (Sellow 632), Corcovado (Gardn. 5363).

A tree 80 feet high, giving a useful timber called “ peroba,” with a bitter bark: the
specific name was applied because of its numerous fine parallel nerves, about 60 pairs,
united by a common line within the revolute margin, and with fine reticulations between `
them: the leaves, sometimes subopposite, more often alternate, are glabrous, sub-
membranaceous, elliptie, obtuse at the summit, gradually acute below, 21-31 in. long,
+1 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long: the panicle is 9-10 lines long, with few
branches and few flowers; the pedicel is 1 line long, the calyx $ line, corolla 3 lines `
long, tube narrowed gradually below, puberulous outside, retrorsely pilose inside, with `
5 oblong obtuse erect segments, sinistrorsely convoluted, pilose within, 3 length of tube;
5 small scales within the mouth of the tube opposite the segments ; 5 short stamens beneath `
and alternate with the scales, anthers cordate at the base, on very short filaments: follicle `
single, very much flattened, straight on the dorsal side, semioblong on the other, both `
ends acute, 15-21 lines long, 41-5 lines broad; seeds scutellate and tomentellous at the `
upper moiety, broadly winged and glabrous below. :

5. Tayroma SELLOWI, nob.: Aspidosperma Sellowii, Müll. ibid. p. 56. In Brasilia meridionali : v. $
in hb. Hook. (Sellow 1204).

The leaves are like those of the preceding, but with only 10 pairs of immersed nerves, |

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZE, 25

2 in. long, 9 lines broad, on petioles 4 lines long: the panicle is 5 lines long, the
peduncle 1 line, the pedicels 3 line, the lanceolate sepals 4 line, the corolla 2 lines long,
its obtuse oblong segments 4 length of tube, all cano-tomentose; buccal scales and
anthers as in the preceding species; style terminated by a large oblong gland and 2 small
stigmata: the follicle very much flattened, acute at the summit, narrowing below, is
14 in. long, 5 lines broad, 3 line thick; the seeds, subtomentose, slightly imbricating, with
the winged moiety pointing downwards, are 12 lines long, 3} lines broad; the superior
embryoniferous scutcheon, 4 lines long, has the funicle attached in its centre, in a
horizontal direction, 2 lines long, emanating from the placentiferous margins of the
follicle, as in the preceding; owing to the abortion of the lower ovules, all the seeds have
a superior scutcheon.

6. THYROMA BICOLOR, nob.: Aspidosperma bicolor, Mart. Nov. Gen. i. p. 60; A. DC. l c. p. 397;
Müll. /. c. p. 54. In Piauhy (non vidi).

A species with squarrose branches and a solid bark ; leaves obovate, roundly obtuse at
the summit, rather acute at the base, glabrous above, cinereo-tomentose beneath, with
about 10 pairs of nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, subreticulate; cymes
short, sparsely cano-pubescent, sepals ovate, subacute, pubescent; follicles obliquely
oblong, obtuse at the apex, with the dorsal margin in the axis straight and mucronulated,
12 in. long, 61-7 lines broad; seeds ovoid oblong, with an eccentric seutcheon wherein
the hilum is placed at 4 the length of the seed from the scutal extremity, with a
narrow wing,—characters answering to Thyroma.

7. Tuyroma LnorzkiawA, nob.: Aspidosperma Lhotzkianum, Müll. l. c. p. 60. In prov. Minas Geraés
(non vidi).

A species noted for its very minute flowers, forming a shrub 6-8 feet high ; and Miller
remarks that it resembles no other species of Aspidosperma; its spreading branches are
extremely slender, subflexuous, cinereous; leaves elliptic, obtuse, or obtusely rounded at
the summit, subacute at the base, glabrous above, with about 12 pairs of slender nerves,
with others short and intermediate, very reticulated, glaucous below and obsoletely
puberulous, 21—4 in. long, 12-33 in. broad, on adpressedly puberulous petioles 21 lines
long; cymes lateral, umbelliform, laxly and divaricately branched, puberulous, many-
flowered; pedicels twice as long as the calyx; sepals obtusely ovate, puberulous, ciliated,
3 line long; corolla less than 2 lines long, yellowish green, its tube 14 line long, segments
broadly ovate, obtuse, the margins inflected; ovaries glabrous.

8. THYROMA PARVIFOLIA, nob. : Aspidosperma parvifolium, A. DC. I. c. p. 398; Müll. l. c. p. 57, tab. 17.
In prov. S. Paulo (non vidi).

A tall tree, much branched, young branchlets covered with a deep-red tomentum ;
leaves lanceolate, spathulate, obtuse, gradually narrowed towards the petiole, fuscous
above, glabrous, or very tomentous beneath in the younger ones, with 8-10 pairs of
horizontally spreading red nerves, 2? in. long, 6-73 lines broad, on petioles 1 line long;
cyme lateral, about as long as the leaves, on a pedunele 3-4 lines long, shortly and

E

26 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

bifidly branched, each branchlet bearing about 4 red flowers 33 lines long; pedicels
$ line long; sepals $ line long, mag, ovate, La A hirsutulous; tube of
corolla 24 lines long, ovate segments ¿ line long, 4 line broad; no apparent disk;
ovaries semiglobular, pubescent at the apex ; style gees with an oblong clavuncle.

9. Tuyroma RiEprLi, nob.: Aspidosperma Riedelii, Mill. l. c. p. 56. In prov. S. Paulo, prope
Ypanéma (Riedel 119 et 2771) : non vidi.

A shrub 4-6 feet high, with widely spreading branches; leaves lanceolate, roundly
obtuse, spathulately narrowed towards the petiole, shining and glabrous above, of a dark
olive colour, with 7-10 pairs of straight diverging nerves, reticulated, paler beneath,
1-12 in. long, 23-5 lines broad, on petioles 5 lines long; cyme terminal, short, obsoletely
puberulous, formed of numerous aggregated pedicels 3} lines long; sepals linear,
obtusely liguliform, reflexed at the apex, 13 line long; flower 2} lines long; tube of
corolla broadly cylindrical, angular above, cinereo-puberulous, segments obtusely ovate
with inflexed margins, glabrous outside, half as long as the tube; follicles obliquely
ovoid, obtuse, suddenly narrowed towards the base, 1 in. long, 7 lines broad; seeds ovate,
narrowly winged, 8 lines long, with an embryo enclosed in the scutcheon. A species
said to approach 7. Sellowi and T. parvifolia.

STREMPELIOPSIS.

A genus established in 1876 by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, its characters being
little known : only one species is noticed.

1. STREMPELIOPSIS CUBENSIS, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 702: Rauwolfia strempelioides, Griseb. Cat. Pl.
Cub. 170: in herb. Hook. (non vidi).

All that is said regarding this is, that it is an erect, branching, glabrous shrub, with
2 minute stipules at the axils, opposite penninerved leaves, terminal cymes with
numerous small flowers; sepals 5, ovate, biauriculate at the base, eglandulous; corolla
salvershaped; tube cylindrical, without buccal scales, pilose within; segments short,
obtuse, sinistrorsely convoluted, suberect ; stamens included in the tube, on very short
filaments, anthers free, acutely lanceolate, emarginated at the base; disk none; ovaries 2;
style short, with an ovoidly globose clavuncle terminated by 2 short obtuse stigmata;
ovules many in each carpel, biserial; follicles 2, erect or diverging, linear, subterete;
seeds in 2 series, elongated, very compressed, with a very narrow acute wing at each
extremity, with a central hilum to which they are affixed by a long filiform funicle.

PLUMERIA.

This handsome genus requires little notice, as its species have been fully described, and
many of them well illustrated. They are all of Peruvian, Mexican, or Brazilian origin, 30 of
them being enumerated by DeCandolle, and 15 others by Müller. They are mostly lofty
trees or tall erect shrubs, much branched, the trunks affording a solid wood, the branch-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 27

lets stout and fistulous, all yielding an abundant milky juice; they have alternate imbri-
cated leaves, generally large, upon petioles articulated at the base, which soon fall off
from the branchlets, leaving them closely studded with cicatrices; this disposition to
disjunction of the parts is so marked, that we seldom find an entire specimen in herbaria.
The inflorescence is terminal upon a long peduncle, having several alternate branchlets,
dichotomously divided, and bearing many handsome pedicellated flowers, which are
generally scarlet or rose-coloured ; the tube of the corolla is slender ; the segments, nearly
its length, are spathulately and dextrorsely convoluted in eestivation. The fruit consists
of 2 horizontally divaricated follicles nearly the shape and size of the pods of the com-
mon broad bean, and they open by a ventral suture, the margins of which are intro-
flexed to form a single lamellar plate, which bears on both sides many imbricated
seeds; these are oblong, flat, thickened, and truncated at one end into an embryoniferous
scutcheon, and expanded at the opposite extremity into a long coriaceous lacerated
wing, which points to the base of the follicle: they are furnished in the middle of the
scutcheon on one face with a bilum, by which it is peltately attached to the placental
lamina in 2 or 3 closely imbricated rows, without the intervention of any funicles. A
thin corneous albumen fills the cell of each scutcheon, enclosing a heterotropous
embryo, of 2 foliaceous cotyledons and a terete radicle many times shorter, which points
to the summit of the follicle.

Some of the species furnish a large, solid, durable timber; the “sucuuba ” for instance,
from the Amazons, is of a reddish-brown colour, hard and close-grained, and used in
shipbuilding, the timber sometimes 60 feet long and 4 feet in diameter; others give a
smaller timber, useful for cabinet work.

CAMERARIA.

A genus established by Plumier in 1703, and adopted by Linnzeus 50 years afterwards.
It must not be confounded with the Cameraria of Aublet, now belonging to Malouetia.
Although very different from it, this is nearly allied to Plumeria. It consists of only 2
species, both natives of the West Indies, one of which is a tall tree with many dichotomous
branches, bearing opposite leaves and yielding a milky juice; the leaves are smallish,
horizontally spreading, ovate-oblong, acuminated, entire, with numerous extremely close
horizontally parallel nerves, and petiolated. It has axillary racemes on a peduncle 4 in.
long, dichotomously branched above, bearing few pubescent flowers on long pedicels: the
tube of the corolla is slender; its segments, somewhat longer than it, are oblong acute
with dextrorse convolution: follicles 2, horizontally divaricated, oblong and broadly
auriculated at the base; they open by a ventral suture, the margins of which are intro-
flexed and placentiferous, as in Plumeria, and in like manner bearing several peltate
seeds closely attached imbricately in a single series, winged at one extremity, which
points to the summit of the funicle, contrary to the direction in Plumeria.

I cannot see where Müller (in Linn. xxx. 401) confounded Cameraria with Skytanthus
hancorniefolia, as Bentham and Hooker imply (Gen. ii. 701); this mistake is repeated in

page 704, under Skytanthus.
E 2

28 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

CoNDYLOCARPON.

The following new species may be added to nine others enumerated by Dr. Müller,
which will afford a few more particulars regarding the peculiar structure of the genus :—

CONDYLOCARPON GRACILE, nob.: scandens, ramulis tenuibus teretibus, fuscis, striolatis, lenticellato-
verruculosis, ad axillas vaginula crassissima prominente nodosis: foliis oppositis, ovatis, imo
obtusis, apice in acumen subbreve recurvatum subito constrictis, marginibus revolutis, sub-
coriaceis, supra profunde viridibus, opacis, nervis recte divergentibus et arcuatim nexis semi-
immersis, subtus pallidis, opaeis, punctulis albis leprosis minute granulatis, costa nervisque promi-
nulis ; petiolis tenuibus, profunde canaliculatis, limbo 5-7plo brevioribus, ad nodum prominentem
insitis, seepius recurvatis: paniculis axillaribus, folio 2-3plo longioribus, late, laxe, iterumque
divisis; pedunculo tenui, folio «quilongo, vel breviore, apice verticillatim ramoso; ramis 2-5,
longissimis, gracillimis, divaricatis, iterumque pluridivisis; ramulis subcapillaribus, ultimis alter-
natim 5-6-floris; bracteolis minutis, membranaceis, ciliatis; pedicellis tenuissimis, calyce 5-6plo
longioribus; floribus parvis: fructu pendulo, lomentis geminis, longissimis, 6-8-lobis, lobis isthmis
anguste interceptis, acute ellipticis, valde compressis mono-dispermis. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de
Janeiro : v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo in flore (n. 8086) et fructu (n. 4019), ad Magé, Freixal, et Iguassú.

A species easily distinguished by its nodose axils, its very laxly spreading inflores-
cence, with almost capillary ramifications. The branchlets are 3 line thick, with axils

3-5 in. apart, swollen by a thickened interpetiolar cup, upon the margin of which the

petioles are seated: the leaves are 13-34 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, on a petiole 4-6 lines

long: the panicles are opposite, 5-6 in. long, 6-8 in. broad; peduncle slender, 1-2 in.
long, the very slender primary branches 13 in. long, the secondary and tertiary branch-
lets gradually shorter; pedicels 1 line long; sepals 4 line long, membranaceous, ciliate;
tube of corolla 1 line long, segments of border twice as long as the tube, spathulately
orbicular, mucronated, expanded horizontally on the sinister margin, which is mem-
branaceous, translucent, closely spotted with red dots; stamens seated at the base of the
short tube; disk, none visible; ovaries ovate, collateral; style extremely short and thick,
with a globose clavuncle; 2 stigmata, small, acute, pilose. Loments 6-8 in. long, strangu-
lated into 6 or 8 flattened, elliptic, indehiscent lobes $ in. broad, costately nerved on
the dorsal face, 1-suleated on the ventral side along the line of the intruding placenta ;-
pericarp hard, thickly pithy on the edges: seed fusiform, 6 lines long, 13 line broad,
deeply suleated for the reception of the placenta; testa black, corrugulated, with a white
linear hilum 2 lines long, in the middle of the furrow.

A drawing of this species, showing its floral and carpological analyses, is given in

Plate IV. B

MANOTHRIX.

This genus is proposed for two Brazilian plants which 1 collected in the Organ Mountains
in 1827; it approaches Craspidospermum in its fruit and ecomose seeds. A single flower
was found upon one of them; and the other was simply fructiferous. The genus is remark-
able for the peculiar structure of the hairs, of a reddish colour, which cover the seeds,
and which, seen under the microscope, exhibit a capillary thread in the axis, from which,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 29

at irregular alternate intervals, a thick short line extends horizontally, terminating in an
external hook; between these intervals are a number of very fine cross parallel lines,
somewhat slanting, seeming like a long continuous spiral transparent cell, winding round
the axis, giving it a somewhat ladder-like appearance, a structure almost unique*. These
hairs do not emanate from an apical coronal ring, as in the Echitee, but from numerous
scabrid points all over the surface of the testa, which bear the hairs, the lower ones
being very short, gradually lengthening upwards, the upper hairs exceeding the length
of the seed. The floral characters are founded on the examination of the single
flower above-mentioned.

MANOTHRIX, nob.: Flores subparvi: calyx parvus, imo cupularis, margine in lacinias acutas 5-fidus :
corolla tubularis, extus glabra, tubo imo paullo angustiore, ad medium constricto, intus infra
constrietionem annulo lato densissime piloso, imo glabro, superne ventricoso, utrinque glabro,
parallele nervoso, subplicato, segmentis 5, paullo brevioribus, obtuse oblongis, dextrorsum con-
volutis: stamina ex annulo piloso orta, segmentis alterna ; filamenta compressa, linearia, retrorsum
pilosa, erecto-conniventia, longitudine antherarum ; anthere angustate, subexserte, in conum
cohzrentes, corneæ, acuminate, dorso pruinosz, antice paullo sub medium et infra locellos pollini-
feros glandula puberula munite, et hine ad filamenta affixe, imo in furcas 2 breves obtusas
vix fissee: ovarium parvum, conice oblongum, pilosum, calyce suffultum, 2-loculare : stylus tenuis,
stamina attingens, apice valde incrassatus, et viscosus, staminibus adherens ; stigmata 2, breviter
setacea, terminalia. Fructus capsularis, 2-locularis, conice cylindricus, 2-sulcatus, in sulcis sep-
ticidus, valvis ad axin centralem dehiscentibus, marginibus introrsum inflexis et placentiferis :
semina numerosa, hilo ventrali ad placentas affixa, imbricata; testa fusiformis, scabrida, pilis forma
peculiari vestita, inferioribus brevibus, gradatim longioribus, sub apicem longissimis, erecte sparsis: `
embryo in albumine copioso, parvus, cotyledonibus ovatis, radicula 4plo breviore, superne spectante.

Frutices Brasilienses, ramulis fistulosis, ad axillas plus minusve transversim nodosis: folia oppo-
sita, elliptica, petiolata: racemi brevissim? pedunculati; peduneulo paucifloro, pedicellis fenuibus
brevibus.

1. MANOTHRIX VALIDA, nob.: ramulis crassiusculis, fistulosis, opace brunneis, interrupte striatis, glabris,
lenticellatis, axillis oppositis, vix nodosis, linea transversali sulcata nexis: foliis ellipticis, imo
canaliculatim recurvis et acutis, apice in acumen acutum subito constrictis, marginibus subrevolutis,
glaberrimis, rigidule chartaceis, supra fusco-viridibus, opacis, minutissime granulatis, nervis omnino
immersis, subtus pallide opacis, rugulosis, enerviis, costa striolata vix prominula; petiolo fusco,
canaliculato, imo crassiore, limbo l4plo breviore: racemis fructiferis et terminalibus brevibus,
pedunculo cicatricibus 3-4 notato, unico fructifero persistente: capsula subsessili, subcylindrica,
2-sulcata, apice attenuata, 2-nodosa; pericarpio sublignoso, opace granuloso, glabro, imo calyce
aucto suffulto; cseteris ut in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. v. e£ sicc, in hb. meo (n. 2052) in montibus
Organensibus. j

I found this species later in the same year than the following one, without flowers : its
branches are 2-3 lines thick, with axils 2-1 in. apart; the leaves are 34 in. long, 13 in.
broad, on petioles 3 lines long. "The capsule is terminal on short lateral branchlets, or
on the main stem, upon a short thiekened peduncle 4 lines long, marked by 3 or 4
erowded cicatrices of others that have fallen, perhaps prematurely: this capsule is 22 in.

* Whence the generic name, paros (rarus), 0pi£ (capilla).

30 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

long, 8 lines broad in the wider, 4 lines broad in the narrower direction, being somewhat
compressed and 2-grooved; it is seated on the persistent calyx, and terminates in 2
small rounded lobes; when ripe, it splits along the grooves, and through the dissepiment,
into two follicle-like moieties, each again dehiscing along the median line of the much
thinner dissepiment, where its margins are inflected within the cell, to form 2 linear
placentee, to which the numerous seeds are attached by a linear ventral hilum; these
placentee, 2 in each moiety, are 24 in. long, 1 line broad, submembranous, studded with
the points of attachment of the seeds, which are linear, compressed, acute and setaceous at
the base, 14 line long, 4 line broad, flat, red, covered with scabrid points, each supporting
a reddish rigid hair of peculiar structure, the lower shorter hairs 3 line long, gradually
longer upwards; the upper longer hairs are very numerous, 6 lines long, and extending ©
5 lines beyond the apex; the albumen is small, oblong in shape, enclosing an embryo
with 2 oval fleshy cotyledons, with a small terete superior radicle + of their length.

From the different habit of the two plants here described, we might infer that they
are the types of two distinct new genera; but as they were found within the same region,
and agree in their veinless opposite leaves seated below the level of the transverse line
that crosses the nodes, and in their fistulose branches, I have ventured to regard them
as two species of the same genus, one furnishing the elements of the floral structure, the `
other presenting the characters of the fruit and seeds; this, however, remains to be
confirmed.

A drawing of this species, with a carpological analysis, is given in Plate V. a.

2. MawoTHRIX Noposa, nob.: volubilis, ramulis tenuiter virgatis, subangulatis, striolatis, fistulosis, —
glabris; axillis remotis, transversim incrassatis et nodosis: foliis oppositis, infra nodos insertis, -
ellipticis, imo obtuse acutis, apice in acumen cuspidatum attenuatis, integris, submembranaceis,
supra viridibus, opacis, costa tenui nervisque tenuissimis immersis, venis nullis, subtus flavide
pallidioribus, opacis, costa rubescente nervisque immersis, petiolum versus minute 2-glandulosis;
petiolo tenui, recurvato, limbo Oplo breviore: racemo axillari; pedunculo subbrevi, crassiusculo `
crebre bracteolato, bracteolis imbricatis, ovatis, glabris, mox deciduis, paucifloro; pedicello tenui
brevissimo; floris structura ut in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. v. et sicc. in hb. meo (n. 2044), in
montibus Organensibus.

The flexuose branchlets are 2 line thick, with axils 5 in. apart and 2 lines thick across
the nodes: the leaves are 3-34 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on recurving petioles 4-5 lines `
long: the pedicel is 1 line long; the calyx 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla is 53 lines
long, its obtuse segments 34 lines long, 2 lines broad; the filaments are 1 line long; the |
anthers 3 lines long, anteriorly fixed above the sinus of the basal lobes.

A drawing of this species, giving the floral analysis, is seen in Plate V. 5.

ONSOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 31

TRIBE TABERNZEMONTANE.E.

This tribe is here restricted within more precise limits than those employed by
De Candolle. Its chief character resides in its 2 broad spreading follicles dehiscing along
the ventral suture, which is bent inwards and placentiferous on both margins; the seeds
all present similar characters to those explained under Peschiera, being half-immersed
in a soft fleshy substance shown to be a funicle—a fact of great importance, a struc-
ture, as far as we yet know, peculiar to this tribe. Its numerous species are in-
coherently classified by Müller, being confounded by him in the single genus Taber-
nemontana, and placed in his tribe Plumeriee. The following clavis shows the dif-
ferential features of the genera into which the South-American and Mexican species are
here divided.

A. Estivation of corolla sinistrorse : leaves opposite.
a. Disk, none.
1. Tube of corolla very slender, cylindrical, swollen at the base, and there
staminigerous, segments shorter than the tube, and simply contorted;
follicles subovoid and muricated ` 0.0. 0.0.0.0... 0. . + Peschiera.

6. Disk cylindrical, often short, wholly adnate to the lower portions of the ovaries.

2. Tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen below the contracted mouth, and there

staminigerous, segments long and narrow with a peculiar introflexed esti-

vation, and descending into the mouth of the tube ; follicles oblong, gibbously
curved, smooth . . . 2 ny . Bonafousia.

3. Tube of corolla slender, Schong a little sacked $ in ts mouth, cassis

dolabriform simply convoluted; stamens slender, of a bluish tinge, always

more or less exserted in the apex; follicles smooth, arcuated . . . . . Tabernemontana.
4. Tube of corolla stouter, cylindrical, swollen in the middle and there stamini-
gerous ; anthers subcoherent in a cone; follicles oblong, arcuate, smooth . Taberna.

5. Calyx long, tubular, with a 5-toothed margin; tube of corolla stoutish,
cylindrical, constricted in the middle and there staminigerous; anthers
slender, free; disk half length of ovaries, with a denticulated margin;
delen OVALE, Apiculacod; MOGO oa. os o ge n 04 191 + Dodonemma.

c. Disk cupshaped, half length of ovaries.
6. Tube of corolla cylindrical, stoutish, fleshy, constricted in the middle, above
which it is staminigerous; anthers free, slender; follicles ovate and muri-
CADA BS FICIAL =. >. 2. L5! |. Phoca pas:

d. Disk cylindrical, truncated, fleshy, wholly or partially concealing the ovaries.
7. Tube of corolla gradually swelling from below the mouth, segments oblong, -
obtuse, nearly as long as the tube, inflected at 4 of their height, and
descending within the mouth of the tube; follicles gibbously px com-
pressed, smooth . . . : . Anacampta.
'8. Tube of corolla short, —— ind shortly pem at We e EE

32 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

nearly as long, obtusely linear, oblong erect, simply convoluted in estiva-
tion, in the form of a spire; branches fistulous; leaves large, rigid, with a
PEGE VOE < < Lane. dao, ste ta we RAMO ROA:
e. Disk of 5 free erect emarginated lobes partly adhering by their margins.
9. Calyx of 5 large, oblong, membranaceous sepals, having within at their base a
corona of many series of scales; corolla large, with a broad funnel-shaped
tube; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube . . . . . . . . . Stemmadenia.
f. Disk of 5 very small free lobes.
10. Tube of corolla cylindrical, stoutish, slightly constricted below the middle,
segments spathulately oblong, nearly as long as the tube, quite deflected, half
introflected in «stivation ; follicles subglobose, stipitated, and more or less

retrorsely apiculated p CORA. 2394 OR Mertzadema,

B. Zstivation of corolla dextrorse.
g. Disk none, or subobsolete ; leaves opposite.
11. Tube of corolla slender, cylindrical, a little swollen below the constricted
mouth, segments oblong, gibbous, elongated, with the estivation of Bona-
fousia; stamens included in the swollen portion of the tube . . . . . Anartia.
h. Disk pilose, concealing the ovaries; leaves alternate.
12. Tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen below the mouth; stamens inserted in
the middle of the tube; follicles oblong, pointed, Së smooth, sub-
A 0 059. o 1€ aa ee 2 A ^. fesi Diren A MUM,

To this tribe may be referred the following genera belonging to the Old World :—

Piptolena, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 357, S. Africa.
Orchipeda, = ,, F p. 358, Java.
Voacanga, p ee p. 357, Madagascar.
Urceola, d b p. 358, Sumatra.

_ Roupelia, Hook. Niger Flora, p. 449, Africa.

PESCHIERA.

This valid genus, established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, was reduced, in 1860, to a
mere section of Tabernemontana by Dr. Müller, who did not rightly observe its chief `
and constant peculiarities. It is readily distinguished from Zabernemontana, Taberna, |
and Bonafousia by the slender tube of the corolla, always broader at its base, and there
staminigerous, by the absence of a disk, by its ovaries free to their base, by its short
style, and especially by its muricated or granular follicles. There is another peculiarity
first noticed by me in 1836, when I was fortunately able to examine the fruit in a living |
state: the densely echinated follicle bursts along the convex ventral suture, gaping `
widely to allow the escape of its several seeds, which fall out suspended from the sutural `
placentee by a thick, soft, eoloured funicle of more than double their length, which at its —
lower end is attached to the hilum of the seed, placed in the middle of its deeply

channelled ventral face, by which means the seeds remain suspended in the air. This
6

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE.E. 33

significant fact determines the nature of the pulpy substance that partially envelops the
seeds in all the ZTabernemontanee, and which has been erroneously regarded as an
arillus.

PescHIERA, A. DC.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala 5, subimbricata, subparva, seepius lanceo-
lata, submembranacea, intus squamula basali plurilacinulata munitis: corolla hypocrateriformis ;
tubus anguste cylindricus, imo paullo inflatus et staminigerus ` segmenta dolabriformia tubo triplo
breviora, «estivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina gracilime elongata; filamenta
tenuia, circa basin tubi inserta; anthere conniventes, fere libere, apice cuspidate, imo tenuiter
biaristate. Discus nullus. Ovaria 2, oblonga, usque ad basin libera. Stylus brevis, filiformis :
clavuncula incrassata, cylindrice 5-angulata, apice breviter 5-dentata, glandulis 10 linearibus signata,
basi membrana lacerata suffulta. Stigmata 2, terminalia, breviter subulata. Folliculi 2, divaricati,
ovati vel oblongi, rarius rostrati, undique crebre muricati, vel aspere granosi, sutura ventrali late
hiantes, sutura utrinque inflexa et placentifera. Semina plurima, compresse obovata, dorso parallele
costata, ventre profunde canaliculata, marginibus elevatis sensim evanescentibus, et medium versus
hilo oblongo signato, superne planata et chalaza parva fusca notata: testa pergaminea: integumen-
tum internum tenuissimum, coalitum. Albumen conforme, carnoso-corneum. Embryo heterotropus,
zquilongus: cotyledones 2, ovati, tenuissime foliacei, adpressi; radicula supera, equilonga, teres,
obtusa. Funiculus crassus, molliter carnosus, coloratus, testa duplo longior, hinc ad placentam
ligatus, illinc ad hilum affixus, et hoc modo semina laxata, mox in are biserialiter suspensa.

Suffrutices Americe intertropice, debiles, ramosi ; ramuli teretes, dichotomi, ad nodos annulati : folia
elliptica vel lanceolata, breviter petiolata; panicule subavillares, sepius multidivise, rarius de-
pauperate ; flores submediocres, albi, aut sepius flavi.

1. PESCHIERA ECHINATA, A. DC. viii. 360: Tabernemontana echinata, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 263, tab. 103.
In Guiana (non vidi).

A small lactescent tree, with several erect stems 4-5 feet long, with slender di-
chotomous branches, annulated where the leaves have fallen off; opposite elliptic
leaves, acute at the base, subacuminated, with undulated margins, green above, glabrous,
with about 16 pairs of approximated ascending nerves, below covered with a slight
white tomentum, 63 in. long, 23 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long, conjoined across the
node by a transverse ridge; panicles in the terminal axils, 2 in. long; peduncles as
long as the petioles, bearing about 6 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 2-3 lines long ;
sepals acute, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, with shorter segments, all spotted
with red; stamens inserted near the base of the tube on a pubescent ring; 2 small
divaricated subreniform follicles densely muricated, ¿ in. long, 3 in. broad.

2. PESCHIERA HYSTRIX, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 360: Tabernemontana hystrix, Steud. Nom. p. 658: Taberne-
montana echinata, Vell. (non Aubl.) Fl. Flum. p. 105; Ie. iii. tab. 17: Tabernemontana bracteo-
laris, Müll. Fl. Bras. fasc. 26, p. 83; op. cit. fasc. 40, p. 184, tab. 54. fig. 3. In prov. Rio de Janeiro:
v. v. et sicc. in hb. meo (n. 2971), in flore ad Engenho d'agua, circa Lago de Jacarepaguá.

This specimen corresponds with the drawing of Velloz, who found the plant in about
the same locality, near the southern shore of the metropolitan province. The branchlets
are thick, fistulous, rugously striated, pale and opake, the lower portions, where the
leaves have fallen off, being annulated at the axils, which are about 3 in. apart: the
leaves are elliptic-oblong, somewhat acute at the base, obtuse towards the summit, with

F

34 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

a blunted acumen, thinly chartaceous, the subundulated margins somewhat revolute,
pale opake green above, suleated on the midrib, with rather distant fine nerves, below
pallid and yellowish, opake, spotted by many small elevated dots; they are 3—4$ in. long,
13-2 in. broad, on slender petioles broadly fossulated at the base, where they are con-
joined by a transverse elevated ring, and vary in length from 3 to 5 lines. The axillary
peduncles are 4-6 lines long, forked, the branches 3 lines long, each 4-flowered, with
slender pedicels 5 lines long: sepals acute, erect, ë line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long,
swollen below the middle, narrow above, its dolabriform segments 24 lines long; stamens
enclosed in the swollen part of the tube, and inserted a little above the base: no visible
disk. The 2 follicles (which Y have not seen) are widely divaricated, 2 in. long, 1 in.
rod, reniform band adensely covered with subadpressed very acute spines. In Velloz's
drawing they appear by mistake dehiscent on the dorsal side. They contain many ovate.
seeds, half immersed in scarlet fleshy funicles.

It is a small tree, lactescent, with a soft white wood, often carved into spoons and
other utensils for domestic use, and is called ** páo de culher” (spoonwood).

The characters given by Müller of T. Salzmanni accord with this species, as he ex-
pressly indicates, and differ in few particulars.

3. PESCHIERA MURICATA, A. DC. l. c. p. 361: Tabernemontana muricata, R. & Sch. (non A. DC.) Syst.
iv. 431, 797. In Brasilia (non vidi).

Its branches are glabrous and striated ; its leaves are ovate-oblong, acuminated, repand
on the margins, with elevated granular dots above, which are impressed beneath, more
than 7 in. long, on very short petioles; the peduncle of the inflorescence is ¿-1 in.
long; pedicels less than 1 line long; sepals 13 line long; tube of corolla nearly 1 in.
long; fruit muricated. It is a species near the following. Müller has confounded it
with P. ochracea, a very different plant, as shown in the deseription of the latter
(page 42). `
4. PESCHIERA FUCHSLEFOLIA, nob. : Tabernemontana fuchsiefolia, A. DC. l. c. 365 et 676 ; Müll. /. c. p. 88:

Tabernemontana collina, Gardn. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 178. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. ef sice.

in herb. meo (n. 8013), in fl. et fr. ad Morro Flamengo; v. s. in flore in hb. Mus. Brit. ex eodem
loco (Gardn. 74, sub T. collina).

Prof. De Candolle recognized the identity of Gardner's plant with his 7. fuchsiefolia.
The species is noted for its rubescent nerves and leaves. I was fortunate in finding its
fruit in a living state, which enabled me to ascertain the funicular nature of the pulpy
covering which half involves the seeds throughout the whole tribe of the Zuberne-
montanee. This species is a small tree, from 6 to 20 feet high, much branched, the
branches pale brown, rugosely striated, the branchlets rather slender and dichotomously
divided; the leaves are heterophyllous in each node, elliptie, acute at the base, and
terminated by a short obtuse acumen, margins subrevolute, chartaceously flaccid, pale
green and opake above, granulo-punctulate on both sides, with immersed nerves, below
somewhat paler, opake, yellowish, with prominulent reddish nerves; they are 2}and 34 in. -
long at each node, 13 and 1$ in. broad, on slender petioles 23 and 4 lines long, the upper |
pairs somewhat smaller; the petioles are conjoined across the nodes by a prominent

> A in ee A A AER

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 35

arched ridge: raceme short, opposite at the nodes, on peduncles 4 lines long, its branches
of the same length, each bearing about 2 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 6 lines long;
sepals lanceolate, deflected at the apex, 2 lines long, with a pluridentate scale inside at
the base; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical above, swollen near the base, 5 lines long,
dolabriform segments 3 lines long, simply contorted sinistrorsely in zestivation ; stamens
inserted in the basal portion of the tube; 2 oblong pointed ovaries, without any apparent
disk; style very short, clavuncle incrassated and deeply 5-grooved ; 2 oblong subreniform
follicles, densely muricated, 1 in. long, 7 lines broad, each containing 16 seeds suspended
from the two sutural placentee by as many very thick orange-coloured fleshy funicles
9 lines long, nearly 2 lines thick; seeds oval, compressed, convex and striated on the
dorsal side, longitudinally channelled to near the base on the ventral side, the hilum
placed on the hollow below the centre, where they are attached to the funicle; they are
5 lines long, 3 lines broad ; albumen corneous, of the same shape, containing an embryo
of near its length, 3 lines long, with a slender terete superior radicle, as long as the
oval flat cotyledons.

The granular elevations on the leaves are opake when dry ; but in the living state they
are pellucid.

This plant, its inflorescence, its follicles, and the peculiar manner of the suspension of
its seeds are represented in Plate VI. 4.

5. PEscurERA LÆTA, nob.: Tabernemontana leta, Mart. in Hb. Pl. Bras. p. 104; A. DC. l. c. p. 364
(excl. syn.) ; Gardn. in Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 179; Müll. in Flor. Bras. fasc. 26, p. 79; Mart. op. cit.
fasc. 40, p. 183, tab. 54. fig. 1. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. hb. meo (n. 3014), in flore in
ascensu Monte Corcovado ; v. s. in Ab. Mus. Brit. ex eod. loc. (Gardn. 75).

T found this species in flower, in September 1837, in company with Gardner; it has
been found also at Itagoahy in the same province; and in 1864 Dr. Peckholt sent to Von
Martius a specimen of the same in flower and in fruit, the structure of which is shown
in the plate above cited. "This structure is quite similar to that I witnessed and figured
in P. fuchsiefolia; but Martius has drawn the funicle, seed, and embryo in an inverted
position : he calls the funicle an arillus; but this cannot be, as one end of it is attached
to the hilum, the other end to the placenta.

This is a small tree, with pale, angulo-sulcated, lenticellated, stoutish, dichotomous
branchlets; the opposite leaves, somewhat heterophyllous in each node, are oblong
or lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, somewhat insquilateral at the base, sub
membranaceous, entire or subrepand along the margin, palish green above, and sulcated
along the midrib, yellowish opake below, with reddish immersed nerves on both sides, as
in P. fuchsiafolia; they are 33 and 43 in. long, 1% and 1 in. broad, on petioles
5 and 8 lines long, conjoined across the node by an arching ridge in the upper superior
axils. The subterminal panicle is 23 in. long; the peduncle, 4 lines long, has three
branches 6 lines long, each bearing 6 or 8 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 3-4 lines
long; sepals scarcely 1 line long, acute, each with an internal pluridentate scale at its
base; tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen at the base, 5 lines long, segments obliquely
oblong, 4 lines long; stamens, as usual, inserted near the base; 2 free oblong ovaries

F 2

36 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

without any disk; style short, clavuncle and stigmata as usual; follicles 2, much
divaricated, greatly resembling those of the preceding species, but somewhat larger,
14 in. long, 1 in. broad, each containing about 20 seeds 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines broad,
suspended by scarlet fleshy funicles; structure of the seeds as in the preceding species,
and as depicted by Müller.

6. Pescmiera Lunpu, nob.: Tabernemontana Lundii, A. DC. L c. p. 365; Müll. 7. c. p. 81. Rio de
Janeiro ad Botafogo: v. v. et sicc. in flore et fructu in herb. meo (n. 3965) ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
Monte Corcovado (Gardn. 5546).

A species differing from 7. Gaudichaudii in its more slender, more dichotomous,
rugously striated branchlets, the younger ones smooth and closely lenticellated, its much
darker leaves, less acute and more inzequilateral at the base, obtuse at the summit, with
a short rounded excurrent point, subundulated margins, with a rougher surface above,
with slender prominulent yellow nerves, yellowish opake below, with a pale interruptedly
striated midrib and prominent yellow fine nerves, and on longer petioles: it has a more
slender panicle with smaller flowers. The leaves are ovate, darkish and opake above,
31-43 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles, fossulate at the base,
5-7 lines long; axillary panicles 13 in. long, 10-12-flowered, with many slender, divided
branches and deciduous bracteoles; peduncle 6 lines long, its alternate branchlets
2-4 lines long ; pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, pruinose, with membranaceous
ciliolate margins, 2 line long; tube of corolla 23 lines long, yellow and subtomentose,
rather swollen at the base, pilose within below the middle, glabrous above, segments
shorter than the tube, dolabriform, subpuberulous within at the base; stamens inserted

near the base of the tube, anthers 2-lobed at the base; disk none; 2 ovate ovaries,
reddishly tomentose; style short, with an incrassated clavuncle; 2 reniformly ovate
follicles 14 in. long, 4 in. thick, obtuse at both ends, marked by several transverse inter-
rupted ridges muricated on their acute edges, each containing 18 seeds, 4 lines long,
24 lines broad, suspended from the sutural placentee by stout pale yellow funicles.

7. Pescuiera SPIxIaNa, nob.: Tabernemontana Spixiana, Mart. ; Müll. l. c. p. 78.

In prov. Rio de
Janeiro: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. in flore Itagoahy (Bowie et Cunningham).

A shrub 10-12 feet high; branches terete, dichotomous, densely foliaceous ; leaves but
little heterophyllous, elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed and gradually acute at both ends, dark
green above, sulcate along the midrib, with semi-immersed nerves, below of a darkish
yellow colour, opake, with prominulent reddish nerves, 5 and 5) in. long, 14 and 12 in.
broad, on slender petioles 43 lines long; upper pairs of leaves 44 and 33 in. long, 13 and
15 lines broad, on petioles 4 lines long; axillary panicles 2-3, fasciculated, 14 in. long ;
peduncles 6 lines long, bearing 5-6 branchlets 1 in. long, each supporting about 3 flowers,
on pedicels 2 lines long, with small acutely oval bracteoles; sepals triangular ovate, sub-
obtuse, with membranaceous margins, 3 line long, each with an inner basal 4-6-lacinulate
scale; tube of corolla cylindrical, broader at the base, segments broadly obovate, gibbous,
pubescent within at their base and in the mouth of the tube; stamens inserted near the
base of the tube, out of a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, ovoid; follicles 2, spreading,
broadly obovoid, obtuse, densely muricated, 13-13 in. long; seeds ovoid, channelled on

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE.E. 37

one side, scabridly granular on the other, 4—4 lines long, half enveloped in scarlet flesh y
funicles. i

8. PESCHIERA GRANULOSA, nob, : ramis validiusculis, dichotomis, rugulosis ; ramulis tenuioribus, pallidis,
striatis, ad nodos compressis; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, imo cuneatis, apice in acumen subbreve
obtusulum constrictis, marginibus subretuse undulatis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, costa
sulcata, nervis patule divaricatis, sensim arcuatis et subimmersis, subtus paullo pallidioribus, opacis,
granulatim subpruinosis, costa nervisque flavidis, prominulis; petiolis longiuscule tenuibus, canali-
culatis, linea transversa nexis: racemis axillaribus, seepius valde depauperatis, pedunculo (seu
ramulo novello) tenui, ter opposite bracteolatis ; bracteis linearibus, subfoliaceis, 1-7-floris ; pedicellis
in axillis bractearum sepius abortivis aut in sinu ultimarum, 1-floris; pedicello bracteis calycique
zequilongo; sepalis lanceolatis, pallide marginatis, erecto-patulis, intus squamula basali 4-5 lacinu-
lata munitis; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, imo latiore, glaberrimo, segmentis oblique ovatis,
tubo ter brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis, filamentis complanatis, circa
basin tubi insertis; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis, obtusis, sepalis dimidio brevioribus; stylo paullulo
longiore; clavuncula et stigmatibus precedentium ; pedunculis fructiferis valde incrassatis, acute
angulatis, stramineis: folliculis 2, oblongis, divarieatis, vix compressis, exigue granulatis, imo
obtusis, dorso rectis, apice subreflexim breviter rostratis, ventre orbicularibus et sutura dehis-
centibus; seminibus compresse ovatis, ventre canalieulatis, et hine in medio ab hilo funiculis crassis
pulposis rubris suspensis. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 2065, 4028), in
flore et in fructu montibus Organensibus, in fructu immaturo (n. 4654) Monte Corcovado.

A well-marked species, peculiar in the appearance of its leaves, which resemble those
of Tabernemontana amygdalefolia: the axils of its branchlets are 1-13 in. apart; the
leaves are somewhat heterophyllous, 31—4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on petioles 7-9 lines
long. In the Organ-Mountain plant the peduncle of the depauperated raceme is 1 in.
long, bearing 3 pairs of bracts 4 lines apart, which are flowerless, and only a single flower
is seen at the extremity between the last pair of bracts on a pedicel 2 lines long; sepals
2 lines long; the tube of the corolla 6 lines long, the segments 2 lines long and broad ;
follicles 13 in. long, including the rostrum, 3 in. broad; seeds 53 lines long, 33 lines
broad, suspended by thick red coloured funicles.

9. PESCHIERA CUSPIDATA, nob.: ramis dichotomis, teretibus, ramulisque pallidis, striatis, subfistulosis :
foliis majuseulis, in paribus altero opposito multo minore, ovato-oblongis, imo subito acutis, apice
in acumine longe lineari repeute cuspidatis, membranaceis, retuse undulatis, supra profunde
viridibus, opacis, sub lente sparsim pilosulis, nervis tenuissimis semiimmersis, subtus pallide opacis,
flavescentibus, in nervis fulvidis prominulis patentim hirsutulis, reticulatis; petiolis tenuibus sul-
catis, pilosis, limbo 24plo brevioribus : racemis ad nodos supremos solitariis, folio dimidio brevioribus,
puberulis; pedunculo elongato infra medium nudo, superne ramoso, ramis brevissimis subcrebris,
bracteolatis, apice 2-floris, pedicellis zquilongis bracteolatis; sepalis lanceolatis, recurvulis ; corolle
tubo longo, angustissime cylindrico, imo latiore, intus pilosulo, segmentis oblique oblongis, tubo
triplo brevioribus; staminibus supra basin insertis; disco nullo apparente : folliculis 2, divaricatis.
oblongis, sensim angustioribus, creberrime hamato-muricatis. In Nova Granada: v. s. in flore et
fructu in hb. meo (n. 22029) Rio Magdalena (Weir 76).

A species peculiar in its pilose branches, very cuspidate subpilose leaves, and in its
inflorescence: each pair of leaves measure 4 and 74 in. long (including the acumen of
9 lines), 24-34 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; in some of the axils they are some-

38 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

what more than half that size; the peduncle of the inflorescence is 2-24 in. long, its
superior branches 14 line long; pedicels of the same length; sepals 13 line long; tube
of corolla 5 lines long, segments 3 lines long; follicles 15 lines long, 5 lines broad, on a
thickened pedicel 5 lines long.

10. PESCHIERA STENOLOBA, nob.: Tabernemontana stenoloba, Müll. in Linn. xxx. 407. In Peruvia, circa
Cuchero, Yurimanguas et circa Guayaquil (non vidi).

A species near P. heterophylla, with slender branches, with opposite leaves in unequal
pairs, ovate elliptic, acuminated, submembranaceous, 4 and 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, on
petioles 3-33 lines long; cymes sublateral in the dichotomy of the branches, 6—8-flowered ;
peduncle 2 lines long, densely covered with imbricated ovate bracts 1 line long; sepals
lanceolate, with an internal 4-5-dentate scale at the base; corolla in bud 1 in. long,
with a slender tube broader at the base, densely pilose within, segments oblong obovate ;
stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; 2 free acutely obovate ovaries,
without a disk; style short; 2 obovate follicles, echinated.

11. PESCHIERA TENUIFLORA, Popp. Gen. iii. p. 70, tab. 280: Tabernemontana tenuiflora, Müll. l. c. p. 76.
In alta Amazonas ad Rio Japuré, circa Coary (non vidi).

A species with much the habit of P. heterophylia. It is a shrub 5-6 feet high, much
branched, its branches pallidly fuscous, slender, terete, compressed at the nodes, divari-
cately dichotomous ; leaves heterophyllous, spreading, the larger one elliptic, acute, and
almost obsoletely petiolated at the base, 53 in. long, 24 in. broad, the opposite one ovate
or roundish, sessile and subcordate at the base, 24 in. long, 14 in. broad, glabrous, con-
colorous; peduncle very slender, erect in the dichotomy of the branchlets, 1-13 in. long,
bearing near its apex 4 approximated flowers, on pedicels 8 lines long, the lower ones
caducous; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla very slender, 7 lines long,
slightly swollen near the base, subpilose within, segments 3 lines long, 1 line broad;
stamens inserted near the base of the tube, anthers slender, sagittate, subcoherent ;
ovaries 2, slightly tuberculated; no apparent disk; follicles 2, divaricated, one often

abortive, obovate, or obtusely elliptic, subcompressed, verrucously muricated, orange-
coloured, 13 in. long, 13 in. broad.

12. PESCHIERA HETEROPHYLLA, nob.: Tabernemontana heterophylla, Vahl, Ecl. ii. p. 22, Icon. tab. 14
(non A. DC. nec Bth.); Müll. /. c. p. 76 (in parte). In Guiana et Amazonas: v. s. in hb. Mus.

Brit. (pl. typica) Cayenne (Van Rohr), Guiana (Sagot 390); in hb. meo (n. 17796), San Gabriel,
Rio Negro (Spruce 2106).

A. species often confounded with the following. Its branchlets are slender at the ex-
tremity, dichotomous, terete, and slightly 4-angular, swollen at the axils; lower down,
where the leaves have fallen off, they are marked by annular ridges at the nodes. The
opposite leaves are unequal in size at each axil, are thinly chartaceous, oval, obtuse,
or shortly acute at the base and subinzquilateral, suddenly attenuated at the summit
into a sublanceolate acumen; they have about 10 pairs of patently divaricated slender
nerves ; at each node they are respectively 43-3 in. long, 24-14 in. broad, on channelled
petioles 2-3 lines long, their margins conjoined across the node by an elevated ridge; the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE;E. 39

leaves towards the extremity are 24 in. in length, and 1 in. in breadth. The raceme, simply
spicated, rises in the dichotomy of the branches; the peduncle is 4-2 in. long, very
closely marked by the cicatrices of the abortive flowers, seldom leaving more than
2 flowers at the apex, on slender pedicels 6-8 lines long; the ovate sepals are 1 line long ;
the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, narrowly cylindrical above, ventricose below the
middle; the segments are insequilateral and oblong, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, of a
reddish colour, simply convoluted sinistrorsely in sestivation. The stamens are seated in
the swollen part of the tube; the filaments arise out of 5 pilose lines, a little above
the base of the tube; the anthers, twice the length of the filaments, are 2-lobed
at their base, acuminated by a lanceolated membrane. No disk. Ovaries 2, pointed
oblong.

13. PESCHIERA DIVERSIFOLIA, Mig. Stirp. Surin. p. 164, tab. 47: Tabernemontana heterophylla, Benth.
(non Vahl) Journ. Bot. iii. 243; A. DC. (in parte) Prodr. viii. 361; Müll. (in parte) /. c. p. 76.
In Guiana: v. s. in hb. meo (n. 9241) Guiana (Schomb. 8).

A species well distinguished from the former by its more slender branchlets, not
thickened at the nodes, by its smaller, more lanceolate, very membranaceous leaves,
almost sessile; branchlets striolated, dichotomous; leaves narrowly oblong, gradually
cuneate and insequilateral at the base, with a long narrow acute acumen, very slender
arcuately ascending nerves, very unequal at each node, 34-24 in. long, 1— in. broad, on
petioles scarcely more than 4 line long, or sessile. The peduncle, as in the preceding,
is seated in the dichotomy, ¿-1 in. long, densely crowded with cicatrices, rarely more
than 3- or 4-flowered at the summit, on pedicels 6-8 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube
of corolla equally cylindrical, a little swollen above its base, very slender, 5 lines long,
segments unequally linear, 2 lines long, 3 line broad, of a pale yellow or whitish colour,
convoluted sinistrorsely in «estivation; stamens as in the preceding species, enclosed in
the swollen inferior portion of the tube; no disk; 2 conical oblong ovaries.

14, PESCHIERA ALBIDIFLORA, nob.: ramulis dichotomis, tenuissimis, teretibus, striolatis, pallidissimis ;
folis paullo heterophyllis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo longe cuneatis et in petiolo decurrentibus,
apice sensim acutis, membranaceis, marginibus recurvulis, utrinque opacis et obsolete corrugulatis,
supra pallide viridibus, nervis utrinque 10 arcuatim divaricatis semiimmersis, subtus pallidioribus,
nervis tenuissimis stramineis paullo prominulis, eveniis; petiolis tenuibus, semiteretibus, linea
transversali nexis, limbo 7plo brevioribus: paniculis axillaribus, ramosis, pedunculo compresso,
ramis tenuibus, imo bracteola parva lanceolata munitis; pedicellis tenuibus; floribus albis; sepalis
acute lanceolatis, apice reflexis; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, basin versus ampliore, segmentis
oblique oblongis, dimidio brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis, filamentis tenui-
bus prope basin tubi insertis; disco nullo; ovariis 2, oblongis, liberis, czeteris ut in precedentibus.
In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie and Cunningham).

A species near P. diversifolia: branchlets very slender, with annular nodes 1-1} in.
apart; lower leaves in subinequal pairs, 3 and 3} in. long, 1-12 in. broad, on petioles
5—6 lines long; the upper pairs of leaves half that size; axillary panicles on slender
peduncles 9 lines long, bearing about 4 alternate flowers on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals
13 line long; tube of corolla 6 lines long, segments 23 lines long.

40 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

15. PESCHIERA GAUDICHAUDII, nob. : Tabernemontana Gaudichaudii, A. DC. l. c. p. 365; Müll. l. c. p. 79.
In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in hb. meo (n. 2830) Monte Corcovado; v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit.
Corcovado (Gardn. 5546).

A species near P. fuchsiefolia, differing in its branches, scarcely dichotomous, annu-
lated at distances of 1-1 in. where the leaves have fallen off, in its ovate, less-aeuminated
leaves, scarcely unequal at the nodes, less acute at the base, rugously opake above, with
yellowish slender immersed nerves and stouter panicles. It isa shrub 8 feet high; leaves
ovate or elliptie, submembranaceous, subobtuse or acute at the base, suddenly and
shortly acuminated at the summit, pruinosely granulated above, yellowish opake below,
with prominent midrib and reddish fine prominulent nerves, veins scarcely visible,
43-34 in. long, 2-1? in. broad, on slender petioles 5-6 lines long; the more superior
leaves are smaller; axillary panicles much branched, many-flowered, 13 in. long; bracts
very deciduous; peduncle 6 lines long, with three closely alternate branches 5 lines long,
each again branched; pedicels approximated, 2-3 lines long; sepals acutely ovate,
swollen at their base, 2 line long; tube of corolla 34 lines long, segments 24 lines long;
stamens inserted near the base of the tube; anthers elongated, acutely 2-aristate at

the base; style very short, with a thickened clavuncle; no disk; 2 conical oblong
ovaries.

16. PESCHIERA SALZMANNI, nob.: Tabernemontana Salzmanni, A. DC. l. c. p. 362; Müll. Z. c. p. 78:
Tabernemontana Rauwolfia, A. DC. l. c. p. 364. In prov. Bahia (Salzm. 13, et Blanchet 713):
non vidi.

A small tree, 10 feet high, with stiff branches, densely covered with leaves, which
falling off leave the branches marked by annular ridges; leaves obovate, 2-33 in. long,
13 in. broad, on petioles 24-33 lines long; panicle trichotomously divided, many-
flowered. This closely resembles Peschiera hystrix.

17. Pescuimra AFFINIS, nob.: Tabernemontana affinis, Müll. /. c. p. 83, tab. 26. fig. 1. Brasiliz prov.
centralibus: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Minas Geraés, ad Arrayal das Mercés (Gardn. 5010).

A slender species, much resembling the two preceding, with dichotomous branchlets,
their axils about 4 in. apart; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, thinly chartaceous,
glabrous above, reddishly opake below, and shortly puberulous on the nerves, 34-44 in.
long, 2—1 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; cymes lateral, bi-trichotomously divided,
1} in. long, 5-10-flowered; peduncle 6 lines long, its branches 2-3 lines long, bracts
shortly linear; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals 2 lines long, lanceolate, spreading, scabri-
dulous; tube of corolla cylindrical, a little thicker below, puberulous inside, 53 lines
long, its segments oblong, 24 lines long; stamens inserted near the base of the tube, _
upon rather long slender filaments, anthers cuspidate and biaristate; disk none; ovaries |
acutely oblong, style slender, with a thickened clavuncle.

Gardner's specimen corresponds well with Müller's drawing.

18. PESCHIERA FALLAX, nob.: Tabernemontana fallax, Müll. l c. p. 84. In prov. Minas Geraés (St- .
Hilaire 944) : non vidi.

A species with small, obovate lanceolate leaves, 12 in. long, 54-7 lines broad, on stout `

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 41

petioles 14 line broad; cymes terminal, with about 10 closely approximated flowers;
peduncle many times longer than the calyx ; pedicels a little longer than the calyx ; bracts
small, lanceolate ; sepals lanceolate, subpatent, half the length of the tube of the corolla,
which is swollen below the middle, with a pilose ring near its base, from which the
stamens originate; it is pubescent in the throat.

19. PESCHIERA GRAcILLIMA, nob.: Tabernemontana gracilis, Müll. (non Bth.) l. c. p. 82. In prov. Rio
de Janeiro, Sierra d’Estrella: non vidi.

The specific name is changed, that it may not be confounded with T. gracilis, Bth.
It resembles the preceding in the small size of its linear lanceolate leaves, which are
13-2 in. long, 3 in. broad, on short petioles; cyme subterminal, 2-3 times shorter than
the leaf; peduncle as short as the petiole; pedicels twice the length of the calyx;
peduncle depauperated, bearing 2-3 bracteoles, often by abortion 1-flowered; sepals
2 lines long ; tube of corolla slender, 5 lines long, narrow above, broader below, pubes-
cent within, segments obliquely ovate, puberulous within,—all being the characters of
Peschiera. Tt is a small tree, 12-15 feet high.

20. Pescurera Hitariana, nob.: Tabernemontana Hilariana, Müll. l. c. p. 85. In prov. S. Paulo:
non vidi.

The leaves sublanceolate, suddenly acuminated at the apex, membranaceous, 344.
in. long (including the petiole), 83-11} lines broad. The inflorescence is a terminal
corymb, with about 20 crowded flowers; peduncle length of calyx; pedicels bracteolated,
of the same length; sepals lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube of the corolla, which is
narrow aboye, pubescent within; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; ovaries
ovate, length of style.

21. PESCHIERA | CATHERINENSIS, nob.: Tabernemontana Catherinensis, Müll. l. c. p. 85: A. DC.
Prodr. viii. 365. In prov. S. Paulo: non vidi.
It has slender, spreading, dichotomous branches: leaves oblong elliptic, obtusely
acuminated at both ends, 2-22 in. long, including the puberulous petiole (2-22 lines
long), 1-14 in. broad; corymb as in P. fuchsiefolia, but more densely flowered.

22. PESCHIERA FLORIDA, nob.: Tabernemontana leta, var. puberiflora, Müll. l. c. p. 79. In Brasilia:
v. $. in hb. meo prov. Minas Geraés (Gardn. 5011).

A species very proximate to P. multiflora, and with little resemblance to P. læta. It
has stoutish, subdichotomous, pallid, rugously striated branches, the younger ones dark
and very compressed; the leaves are elliptic oblong, subacute at the base, little con-
stricted towards the shortish obtuse acumen, thinly chartaceous, with undulated or
interruptedly revolute margins, darkish green and opake above, with suleated midrib
and semi-immersed fine nerves, yellowish opake below, subpruinose, with prominulent
midrib and reddish fine nerves, 4-5 in. long, 12-13 in. broad, on stoutish channelled
petioles 5-6 lines long, fossulated at the base, and conjoined across the node by an
arching, raised ridge; cymes 2 or 4, fasciculated at the end of the young branchlets ;
peduncles 9-12 lines long, their branches 2 lines long, minutely bracteolated ; pedicels

G

42 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

slender, 3 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, imbricated, with membranaceous margins,
1 line long, each with an internal 4—5-laciniated scale; tube of corolla narrowed above
the middle, swelling to the base, pubescent above within, 44 lines long, with dolabriform
segments 21 lines long, densely pubescent within at their base; stamens inserted near
the base of the tube; disk none; 2 pointed oblong free ovaries; style, clavuncle, and
stigmata as usual.

23. PESCHIERA OCHRACEA, nob.: Tabernemontana ochracea, Spruce MS.: Tabernemontana muricata,
Müll. (non R. € Sch.) /. c. pp. 80 et 114, tab. 54. fig. 2. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. `
Santarem (Spruce 234).

This species is very distinct from 7. muricata, R. € Sch., differing in its much smaller
leaves, which are elliptic, canaliculately recurved at both ends, acute at the base, with a
long narrow acumen at the apex, margins revolute, pale green above, opake, with nume-
rous obsolete parallel corrugated lines, nerves immersed, opake and yellow below, with
prominulent midrib and nerves, without the slightest indication of the peculiar dots,
elevated above, impressed below, which characterize the species described by Rómer
and Schulz. In the present instance the leaves are only 31—4 in. long, 12-14 in. broad,
on petioles 3-4 lines long (in T. muricata they are above 7 in. long, on very short petioles) ;
corymb terminal and many-flowered, half or a third the length of the leaf; peduncle
very short, primary and secondary branches elongated; pedicels twice as long as the
calyx, with a small basal bracteole; calyx barely 1 line long; the very slender tube of the
corolla is 1 in. long, a little swollen at the base, segments oblong, eurving, 5 lines long,
sinistrorsely convoluted in «estivation; stamens inserted a little above the base of the
tube; disk none; 2 free ovaries, with a very short style incrassated at its summit by a
long 5-angular clavuncle and 2 small terminal stigmata.

24. PESCHIERA PSYCHOTRLEFOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana psychotriefolia, H. B. K. iii. 227: A. DC. L c.
p. 366. In Venezuela et Nova Granada: v. s. in hb. meo (n. 22019) Rio Magdalena (Weir 37).

This plant accords with Kunth’s description. Its dichotomous, pallid, stout branchlets
are rugously striated, marked by annular rings 4-6 lines apart where the leaves have
fallen off; in the upper part they are sub-4-angular; the leaves, rarely quite equal in
each node, are oblong, or subovate, subacute and insequilateral at the base, rather
obtusely acute, and mucronated at the apex, margins subrevolute, submembranaceous,
pale green above, yellowish opake below, nerves rather patent and prominulent on both
sides, 4-5} in. long, 2-2) in. broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long, conjoined
across the node by an arched ridge; some of the upper leaves often smaller; axillary
opposite corymbs 2 in. long and broad, very dichotomously branched, many-flowered, on
bracteolated pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acute, reflected at the apex, 1 line long; tube
of corolla cylindrical, broader at the base, 5 lines long, segments 4 lines long, 2 lines
broad, sinistrórsely convoluted, very pubescent within at the base; stamens 24 lines long,

seated near the base of the tube; 2 ovaries oblong, free, without any disk; clavuncle,
style, and stigmata as usual.

25. PESCHIERA LINGULATA, nob. : ramulis dichotomis opace brunneis, interrupte striatis, ad nodos (foliis

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 48

lapsis) annulatis : foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen breve acutulum reflexum
subito constrictis, chartaceis, supra opace viridibus, obsolete corrugulatis, ad nervos immersos sul-
catulis, subtus flavide opacis, costa prominente, nervis sepe rufulis prominulis ; petiolis subtenuibus,
canalieulatis, linea arcuata transversa conjunctis: panicula axillari, brevi, pauciflora; pedunculo
bifurcato, ramis alternatim bracteolatis, 2-floris; pedicellis ramos :quantibus ; sepalis parvis, ovatis,
mucronatis, ciliatis, intus squamula plurilacinulata munitis; corolla tubo anguste cylindrico, imo
latiore, segmentis brevioribus, dolabriformibus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus gracilibus,
2-aristatis, cum filamentis circa basin tubi insertis; disco nullo; ovariis oblongis; stylo brevi. In
Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo (Matthews 1542).

The stoutish branchlets, at their leafless nodes, 3-5 lines apart, are annulated by a
curved ridge; the leaves, unequal at each node, are 4 and 2 in. long, 1$ and 1} in.
broad, on petioles 4 and 3 lines long; peduncle 6 lines long, 2 branches, each 4 lines
long; pedicels 4 lines long, 2-3-bracteolated in the middle; sepals 2 lines long; tube of
corolla 9 lines long; segments 5 lines long.

26. PESCHIERA ACUMINATA, nob.: Tabernemontana acuminata, Müll. in Linn. xxx. 406. In Bolivia
(Cuming 121) : non vidi.

A species said to be near P. Gaudichaudii, P. Lundi, P. fuchsiefolia, and P. affinis.
It has smooth branches, with internodes three times as long as the leaves, and dichoto-
mous, compressed, glaucous-green branchlets; leaves oblong lanceolate, acute at both
ends, membranaceous, with about 12 pairs of divergent nerves, 2-33 in. long, 93-12 lines
broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long, scarcely conjoined across the nodes; corymbs in the
dichotomies of the branchlets, 3-fasciculate, each branch twice trichotomously and
densely divided, 18-25-flowered, glabrous, 1-13 in. long; peduncles short; flowers in bud
64 lines long; bracts large, 2-3 lines long, 4 line broad; sepals erect, linear lanceolate,
blunt at the point, with a recurving margin, each with an inner basal 4-5-lacinulated
scale; tube of corolla in bud twice the length of the calyx, distinctly swollen near the
base, and there staminigerous on a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, obtusely ovoid,
about as long as the style. All these characters are obviously those of Peschiera.

27. PESCHIERA PUBERIFLORa, nob.: ramulis crassiusculis, 4-angulatis, sulcatis, axillis subcrebris et
annulatis: foliis ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen breve latiusculum recurvum constrictis,
chartaceis, marginibus interrupte revolutis subundulatis, supra opace viridibus, nervis tenuibus vix
prominulis, subtus opace pallidioribus, ochraceis, costa nervisque prominulis ; petiolis tenuiter canali-
eulatis, imo linea curvata transversali conjunetis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: paniculis axillaribus,
oppositis, folia superiora zquantibus; pedunculo petiolo triplo longiore, bis dichotome diviso, ramis
huic :equilongis, 2-3-floris, cum bracteis oblongis margine membranaceis ; pedicellis gracilibus, medio
bracteolatis; sepalis parvis, acute oblongis, submembranaceis, ciliatis, singula squamula lata pluri-
dentata intus munitis ; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, infra medium sensim latiore, glabro, seg-
mentis dolabriformibus, brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis, intus pubescentibus; staminibus paullo
supra basin insertis; disco nullo; ceteris ut in praecedentibus. In Peruvia: v. s. im hb. meo
Tarapota (Spruce 4245).

In my specimen, only the upper leaves are present, on axils 4—6 lines apart; they are
13-2 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long; the peduncle is 4-5 lines long, its
G2

44 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

branches 4 lines; the pedicels 5 lines long; the sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla
44 lines long, segments 3 lines long.

28. PESCHIERA CONCINNA, nob.: ramulis validiusculis, pallidis, angulato-sulcatis, inferne defoliatis et
annulatis: foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen latiusculum plicato-recurvum
sensim terminatis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra opace viridibus, minute granulatis, costa sulcata, nervis
tenuibus semiimmersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, costa prominente, nervis rufulis prominulis;

. petiolis canaliculatis, imo fossulatis et linea transversa conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: pani-
culis axillaribus et terminalibus, 2-3-4-fasciculatis, e basi ramosa circa 16-floris, ramis sub 3-floris ;
pedicellis medio bracteolatis; sepalis parvis, acute ovatis, submembranaceis, intus singulatim
squamula plurilaciniata ad basin munitis; coroll. tubo cylindrico, imo paullo latiore, glabro,
segmentis dolabriformibus, intus pro dimidia parte inferiore dense pubescentibus, sinistrorsum con-
volutis; staminibus tubi versus basin insertis. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo Tarapota (Spruce
4534).

Axils 3 in. apart; leaves of unequal length in each node, 5 and 24 in. long, 2 and 1 in.
broad, on petioles 5-3 lines long; the upper pairs smaller; panicles 14 in. long; branches
of peduncles 3 lines long; pedicels 3-5 lines long; sepals 3 line long; tube of corolla
7 lines long, segments 4 lines; filaments of stamens 3 their length, inserted near the base
of the tube; anthers 2-aristate at the base; disk none; 2 free ovaries; style short; rest
conforming to the general character.

29. PESCHIERA BLANDA, nob.: ramulis subdichotomis, teretibus, striatis, ad nodos compressis et annu-
latis: foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo sensim acutis, apice in acumen recurvum longiuscule ros-
tratum subito constrictis, marginibus revolutis, chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, leviter corrugu-
latis, nervis adscendentibus semiimmersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, nervis paullo pro-
minulis, petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, linea transversali conjunctis, limbo 8-10plo brevioribus:
cyma in dichotomiis terminali, circa 12-flora, e basi 3-ramosa, ramis petiolo brevioribus, ramulis
paucis, bracteolatis, bi- v. trifloris; pedicellis tenuibus, medio bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse
ovatis, membranaceis, imbricatis, singulis squamula interna trilaciniata munitis; corolle tubo
anguste cylindrico, superne intus puberulo, imo ampliore et glabro, segmentis inzqualiter oblongis,
tubo brevioribus, glabris, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis ; filamentis tenuissimis circa
basin tubi insertis; antheris gracilibus, tenuissime biaristatis; disco nullo ; ovariis 2, liberis; stylo
tenui, brevi, clavuncula incrassata 5-sulcata, imo membrana donata; stigmatibus 2 terminalibus.
In Peruvia : v. s. in hb. meo Tarapota (Spruce 4209).

A species near the two preceding: leaves in pairs 5 and 4 in. long, or 4 and 3 in. long,
14-14 in. broad, on petioles 5 and 4 lines long, or on petioles 9-7 and 5 lines long; cyme
14 in. long; peduncles 2 lines, their branches 2 lines long; pedicels 3-4 lines long;
sepals 1 line; tube of corolla 5 lines long, segments 34 lines long.

30. PrsCHIERA UMBROSA, nob.: Tabernemontana umbrosa, H. B. K. iii. 226: A. DC. L c. p. 375. In
Venezuela : non vidi.

A tree, with smooth branches; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, membrana-
ceous, nerves prominent below, nearly 5 in. long, 2-2) in. broad, on channelled petioles
+ In. long, whose margins are conjoined across the node by a very short transverse

membrane; corymb subdichotomous, much shorter than the leaves, pedunculated and

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 45

bracteolated; flowers white, like those of jessamine, pedicellated ; sepals lanceolate acute,
equal, 6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, having at their base inside 5 denticu-
lated scales; the tube of corolla 4 lines long, swollen at its base, pubescent in the throat,
border-segments a little shorter than the tube, expanded, insequilateral, roundly obovate ;
stamens inserted in the base of the tube; anthers linear sagittate, cohering in a cone
by adhesion to the clavuncle; 2 ovaries conically pointed, plano-convex, apparently
without a disk; the 5 toothed scales mentioned by Kunth belong to the sepals. These
characters, especially the position of the stamens, are those of Peschiera.

31. PESCHIERA LITORALIS, nob.: Tabernemontana litoralis, H. B. K. iii. 228: A. DC. l. c. p. 363. In
Campéche: non vidi.

Branches smooth, dichotomous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, subacuminate,
membranaceous, with entire margins, midrib and nerves prominent below, green above,
paler beneath, nearly 5 in. long, 2 in. broad, on channelled petioles 4 lines long, their
margins conjoined by a transverse line; opposite interpetiolar panicles, shorter than the
leaves; peduncle subdichotomous, with few bracteolated flowers 2 in. long; sepals linear-
subulate, fleshy, with membranaceous margins, very imbricated, the 2 interior narrower ;
corolla salvershaped, tube cylindrical and twisting, 4-5 times as long as the calyx,
border-segments very expanded, half-obovate, equal, shorter than the tube; stamens
inserted upon a pilose ring, near the base of the tube; ovaries 2, ovate.

From its salvershaped corolla with a long tube, with stamens fixed near its base, and
its ovaries without a disk, this species well accords with Peschiera.

32. PESCHIERA MULTIFLORA, Spruce, MS. : Tabernemontana Benthamiana, Müll. l. c. p. 80. In Amazonas:
v. s. in hb. meo et alior. prope Obidos (Spruce 235).

A suffruticose species 6-10 feet high, with cinereous-brown branchlets, with axils
3 in. apart: the leaves are 3-5 in. long, 13-24 in. broad, on very slender petioles
2-3 lines long; they are very acute at the base, shortly acuminated at the apex: the
peduncle of the copious dichotomous corymb is 2-5 lines long, 2 primary branches
4 lines, the secondary 3 lines; the pedicels 2 lines long, with lanceolate bracteoles 14 line
long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long, swollen below, narrowed above,
pilose within; stamens fixed a little above the base, segments of border broadly dola-

briform, subfleshy, 5 lines long, with sinistrorse convolution.

33. PESCHIERA BREVIFLORA, nob.: Tabernemontana breviflora, Müll. l. c. p. 79. Prov. Espirito Santo,
inter Campos et Victoria : non vidi.

A species said to be near P. multiflora: leaves elliptic lanceolate, shortly acute at both
ends, submembranaceous, subopake above, below veinless, with about 10 distant pairs of
nerves; corymbs terminal, compactly many-flowered, divided at the base, a little shorter
than the leaves; flowers subsparse; peduncle very short, its branches rather long;
bracteoles ovately triangular, subobtuse, short, erect; flowers 6 lines long; sepals
acutely triangular, $ line long; tube of corolla slender, 33 line long, pubescent within,

46 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

distinctly broader at its base, where it is staminigerous; disk none; 2 obtusely obovoid
ovaries ; style double their length.

34. PESCHIERA AUSTRALIS, nob.: Tabernemontana australis, Müll. l. e. p. 84. In Brasiliz prov. aus-
tralioribus : non vidi.

A species said to be near T. bracteolaris (P. hystrix), differing in its leaves scarcely
narrowed at the base, with much shorter petioles, in its acuminated bracts, and a shorter -
tube in the corolla. Leaves narrowly elliptie oblong, subobtuse at the base, gradually
acutely acuminated, submembranaceous, 4-43 in. long, 11-16 lines broad, on petioles -
13 line long; corymbs in the dichotomies of the branchlets, densely 20-flowered, with |
linear acute bracteoles; pedicels 14 line long; sepals acuminated, with membranaceous
margins, 3 line long; tube of corolla in bud cylindrical, 4 lines long, broader near `
its base; stamens inserted near its base, in a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, acutely |
oblong, with a short style; follicles 13 in. long.

35. PESCHIERA SOLANIFOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana solanifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 365: Mull. l. c. p. 86. 1
In Bahia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Bahia (Blanchet 2724).
A very peculiar species, with thick, 4-angular, fuscous, pubescent branches, densely |
covered with rather large leaves, and annularly ringed at intervals of 4 lines. The leaves _
are ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminated, spathulately and gradually contracted
downwards from above the middle, becoming very narrow at the base, where they are `
subcordate and nearly sessile, are membranaceous, opake green above, puberulous upon _
about 15—30 pairs of short subpatent nerves conjoined near the margins, pale yellowish
below, and densely puberulous, 33-62 in. long, 12-34 in. broad above the middle, `
reduced gradually to a breadth of about 4 lines at the base, on petioles 1-1} line long; `
cymes terminal, puberulous, 40-120-flowered, 3-4 in. long and broad, several times |
trichotomously divided, each ultimate branchlet about 4 lines long, bearing about
7 almost umbellate approximated flowers on bracteolated pedicels 4 lines long; sepals |
ovate-lanceolate, 14 line long; tube of corolla 42 lines long, broader at the base, and
there staminigerous; segments of border obliquely ovate, 24 lines long; no disk; other |
_ parts as in the preceding species.

36. PESCHIERA SOLANDRI, nob. : Tabernemontana cymosa, Sol. (non Jaeq.) Primit. Fl. Bras. p. 72: ramulis i
dichotomis, pallidis, interrupte striatis : foliis ovato-oblongis, imo acutis, apice in acumen obtusulum —
constrictis, submembranaceis, supra viridibus, pruinoso-opacis, ad costam sulcatis, nervis curvatim i
patentibus immersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, granulatis, costa nervisque prominulis; `
petiolo tenuissimo, limbo 15-18plo breviore: paniculis axillaribus, tenuiter ramosis, ramis medio -
bracteolatis 2-floris; pedicellis calyce paullo longioribus; sepalis viridibus, anguste lanceolatis,
recurvis, intus squamula plurilacinulata munitis; corolle tubo calyce 2plo longiore, imo latiore, —
intus pubescente, segmentis dolabriformibus, tubo 3plo brevioribus, glabris, sinistrorsum convolutis;
staminibus paullo supra basin insertis, filamentis tenuibus; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis; ceteris i
generis. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander).

A species near P. Spixiana, differing in its smaller, more lanceolate leaves, on shorter —
petioles, in its inflorescence and more lanceolate reflexed sepals. The leaves are 3-34 in.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 47

long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-8 lines long; secondary branchlets of panicle 4 lines
long, bracteolated in the middle; tertiary branchlets 3 lines long; pedicels 2 lines long;
sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla in bud 4 lines long.

37. PESCHIERA LORIFERA, nob.: ramulis dichotomis, pallide brunneis, striolatis, axillis remotis et annu-
latis: foliis heterophyllis, longe ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen longum et angustatum subito
attenuatis, membranaceis, marginibus revolutis subundulatis, supra viridibus, pruinoso-opacis, nervis
tenuissimis utrinque prominulis, subtus pallidis, flavicantibus; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, limbo
25plo brevioribus : panicula in dichotomiis, brevi, peduneulo ramisque brevissimis, pedicellis longi-
oribus, bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse oblongis, margine membranaceis, singulis squamula
3-lacinulata intus munitis ; corollz tubo anguste cylindrico, imo latiore, glabro, segmentis latiuscule
dolabriformibus, glabris, tubo brevioribus, expansis, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis ;
filamentis prope basin tubo insertis; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis; ceteris ut in precedentibus. In
Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 138), Surinam (Hostmann 1312).

Axils 3—4 in. apart; leaves 54 and 44 in. long, 24 and 14 in. broad, on petioles 3 and

2 lines long; panicle 13 in. long; peduncle 2 lines, its branches 14 line long, each

. 2-flowered; pedicels 5 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long, seg-

ments 33 lines long.

38. PescurgnA ? Leg, nob.: Tabernemontana Linkii, A. DC. 364: Tabernemontana multiflora, R. & Sch.
Syst. iv. 431 (non Sm.). In Brasilia: non vidi.

A species with characters obscurely defined. It has smooth dichotomous branchlets,
with ovate-lanceolate leaves, acuminated, subrepand, smooth, membranaceous, 3—4 in.
long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; axillary corymbs in the dichotomies of the
branches, many-flowered, dichotomously divided; sepals obtuse, 13 line long; tube of
corolla 44 lines long, segments 3 lines long.

39. PESCHIERA PRECLARA, nob.: ramulis virgatis, pallide griseis, subangulatis, striatis, sparse lenticellatis,
ad nodos remotos dilatatis: foliis majusculis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo acute cuneatis, apice sensim
acutis et in acumen lineare reflexum attenuatis, glaberrimis, flaccide chartaceis, supra leete viridi-
bus, opacis, nervis tenuibus semiimmersis, divaricatis, arcuatim nexis, costa tenui, flavida, semi-
immersa, subtus pallidioribus opacis, costa prominente, nervis flavidis prominulis, venis transversis
reticulatis ; petiolis semiteretibus, imo fuscis, limbo 15plo brevioribus : racemo terminali ; pedunculo
subtenui tereti, petiolo 4plo longiore, alternatim plurifloro; pedicellis brevibus; sepalis oblongis,
obtusis; corolla ignota; disco nullo; ovariis 2, striatis. In Caracas: v. s. in hb. meo (Cockburn).

A species with the habit and inflorescence of Peschiera tenuiflora, Póppig (tab. 280),
from the same region, but with much larger leaves, having the same texture and
venation; the upper internode is 12 in. long, the lower one more than 4 in. long; the
leaves are 73-10] in. long, 23-33 in. broad, on petioles 6-9 lines long, not united at
their base by a transverse line; the solitary peduncle is 14 in. long. The pedicels and
calyces were lost after the above memorandum was made; little doubt, however, can be
entertained that it is a species very near Póppig's plant from the Amazonas river, in
the same longitude as Caracas.

48 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX,

BONAFOUSIA.

This genus was established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, upon a single species; but its
characters were insufficiently defined. Dr. Miller, in 1860, reduced it into a section of
Tabernemontana, with a short character quite useless for the purpose of distinction. It
possesses, however, several peculiar features that will maintain the validity of the genus;
one of these consists in the remarkable manner of «estivation of the linear-oblong
segments of the corolla, where for two-thirds of their length they are suddenly bent
inwards and downwards, so that their tips enter the mouth of the tube and embrace the
summits of the stamens—a peculiarity manifested also in Anacampta and Anartia.
Miiller has given, without any explanation, a drawing of the structure of the flower,
where he repeats the mistake of De Candolle in assigning to it a dextrorse estivation ;
but in the typical and all the other species, I have found, beyond doubt, that the
convolution is sinistrorse. The disk is cylindrical, membranaceous, and adnate. All
the species have slender ligneous branches.

Bonarousta, A. DC.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala 5, subparva, ovata, sepe membranacea;
et ciliata, erecta, imbricata, ad basin intus squamulis singula singulis denticulatis munita. Corolla
hypocrateriformis; tubus longiuscule cylindricus, superne paullo ventricosus, fauce constrictus;
segmenta 5, elongata, tubo paullo breviora, parallele subarcuata, obtusa, rotatim explanata, in «esti-
vatione pro tertia parte erecta, nervo oblique ad marginem mucronatim excurrente, et hinc pro
reliqua parte subito inflexa, intra faucem descendentia, et stamina in parte involventia, cuncta
sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5, inclusa ; filamenta brevissima, in annulum pilosum supra medium
tubi inserta; anthere oblonge, apice acuminate, basi biaristatee; connectivi rigidi, in conum sub-
coherentes. Discus cylindricus, membranaceus, ovariis brevior, et his adnatus. Ovaria 2, oblonga,
fere libera; stylus tenuis, apice incrassatus ; clavuncula crassa, conice oblonga, 5-sulcata et 5-glan-
dulosa, imo membrana expansa suffulta; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, globose oblongi,
utrinque recurvati, faciebus versus angulum dorsalem oblique inclinatis, medio linea crescentiformi
signati, ventre valde convexi, sutura intus utrinque inflexa et placentifera dehiscentes. Semina
plurima, subovata, compressa, dorso pluricostata, ventre canaliculata et hine funiculo pulposo semi-
immersa. Cetera ut in Peschieram descripta.

Frutices vel arbuscule Americe calidioris, ramosi; folia opposita, oblonga, glaberrima, petiolata ;
panicule azillares, ramose, pauciflore.

1. Bonarousta uNDULATA, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 359: Tabernemontana undulata, Vahl (non Mey. nec DC.
in p. 368), Ecl. ii. 20, icon. tab. 6; Poir. Dict. vii. 529; Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. 243; Müll. Flor.
Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 70 (nomen), tab. 21 (flos et fructus). In Guiana et ins. Trinidad : v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 42, Anderson); Poiteau (in fructu) Acarouari (Sagot 1309).

A species well figured by Vahl. It isa tree 30—40 feet high, with terete branchlets
subangular below the axils, which are 3—4 in. apart: the leaves are in equal opposite
pairs, regular in form, lanceolate oblong, acute at the base, gradually or more suddenly
narrowing at the apex into a long linear acumen; they are submembranaceous, with a
slender nerve along the margins, which are erispately undulated, and thus somewhat
rigid, bright green above, with many much divaricated fine nerves arcuately conjoined
close to the margin, opake and of a more or less bright ochre colour beneath, with `
slender prominulent nerves, 44-64 in. long, including the acumen (9 lines long), 11-23 in. ;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 49

broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long; raceme lateral at the axils, or seated in the
dichotomy of the branchlets, on a peduncle 7 lines long, bearing several alternate yellow
flowers on pedicels 8 lines long, with small braets. The sepals are roundish oblong, very
imbricated, 2 lines long, each with 3-4 minute scales at the base; the corolla has a
cylindrical tube 6 lines long, fleshy and contracted at the mouth, shortly ventricose
below it, cylindrical along the middle, and enlarging a little towards the base; the seg-
ments are fleshy at their base for a length of 3 lines, are erect in the bud; but then the
remaining membranaceous portions, linear, obtuse, are suddenly introflexed, descending
into the tube, and there enveloping the upper half of the stamens; they subsequently
expand in a rotate form, when they curve sinistrorsely, and are 4 lines long; the stamens,
cohering, are fixed in the contraction of the tube and nearly reach the summit; the
anthers, disk, style, and clavuncle as in the generic character. The 2 follicles, somewhat
spreading, are roundish oblong, inclined and wedge-shaped on the shorter edge, with a
raised eurved ridge on each side, broadly convex on the ventral side, where they open by
a broad, gaping, sutural fissure, are 16 lines long, 9 lines broad; the pericarp is thick,
coriaceous, smooth, each follicle enclosing many seeds; the seeds are oblong, acute at
one extremity, rounded at the other, and are costately striated, with a hollow channel on
one face, where they are attached to a pulpy or fleshy red funicle (arillus of Vahl), which
half envelops each seed.

Prof. Müller, as above cited, gives good analytical drawings of the flower, and a figure
of the follicle and seed. `

Var. ovalifolia: the leaves here are of an oval form, acute at the base, cuspidately
acuminate, the margins obsoletely crispated, very pallid green on both sides, 54 in. long
including the acumen (3 in. long), 34 in. broad, on channelled petioles 4 lines long;
the inflorescence bears rather larger flowers. In Guiana (Schomb. 42 dis).

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, its follicle, and seeds, are given
in Plate VI. B.

2. BONAFOUSIA OBLIQUA, nob,: ramulis tenuibus, pallide brunneis, subsulcatis : foliis oppositis, in paribus
fere «qualibus, imo acutis, et hinc uno latere conspicue obliquis, apice in acumen longiusculum
sensim attenuatis, submembranaceis vel chartaceis, planis, marginibus revolutis szpius integris, aut
raro obsolete undulatis, supra lte viridibus, costa sulcata, nervis plurimis prominulis patentim
divaricatis, rectis, juxta marginem junctis, subtus flavescentibus, opacis, costa prominente, nervis
tenuibus prominulis, venis immersis; petiolis brevibus, imo subfossatis: racemo in dichotomiis
laterali, folio 6plo breviore, plurifloro, subhirsutulo; pedunculo sub-4-gono; pedicellis crebre
alternis, corrugulatis, calyce 3plo longioribus; sepalis obtuse ovatis, imbricatis, subinsequalibus,
scabridulis; corollee tubo crassiusculo, cylindrico, superne et infra paullo ampliore, intus sub faucem
constrictam puberulo, extus scabridulo, segmentis obtuse linearibus, pro tertia parte carnosulis,
rectis, pro reliquis duabus partibus in estivatione subito introflexis et intra faucem descendentibus,
demum rotatim explicatis, membranaceis, et purpurascentibus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus
in constrictione tubi ex annulo piloso ortis, inclusis, antheris coherentibus, apice acuminatis, imo
biaristatis; disco cylindrico, submembranaceo, ovaris 2 oblongatis breviore; stylo clavuncula et
stigmatibus ut in char. gen.: folliculis ignotis. In Venezuela australi : v. s. in herb. meo et Mus.
Brit. Rio Casiquiare (Spruce 3119, sub B. undulata).

`

H

50 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

A species very distinct from the preceding: it is arborescent, 18 feet high, lactescent,
the axils of the branchlets 2-5 in. apart; leaves 33-7 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on petioles
1-2 lines long; raceme 14 in. long; pedicels 3-4 lines long; sepals 14 line long; corolla
in bud, tube 44 lines long, its terminal knob 24 lines long, inflected portions of seg-
ments 54 lines long. According to Spruce the tube is white, the segments and mouth

purpurascent (not yellow).

3. BONAFOUSIA LATIFLORA, nob.: Peschiera latiflora, Benth. MS.: Tabernemontana flavicans, Mill.
(non R. & Sch.) Z c. p. 77. In Amazonas, v. s. in hb. meo et Mus. Brit. Santarem (Spruce
256).

Evidently a very different plant from that described by Rómer and Schultes, which
has divaricately dichotomous branches, with flowers on a long peduncle. It has
slender divaricate branches; leaves opposite, rarely verticillately ternate, oblong, acute
at the base, with a rather long obtuse acumen, pallid and yellowish below, with sub-
prominulent midrib and divaricated nerves, which are reddish; the leaves are unequal
in each axil, 24 and 24 in. long, 1 in. and 4% in. broad, on slender petioles 2-3 lines long;
the upper leaves are smaller, the lower ones larger and more oval. The peduncle, seated
in the dichotomy of the branches, is about 3 lines long, bearing about 4 flowers on sub-
umbellate pedicels 4 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long; tube of corolla very narrow
and cylindrical, a little inflated below the mouth, 10 lines long, segments linear oblong,
7 lines long, 2 lines broad, expanded in «estivation, inflected near the middle, the deflected
summits reaching the mouth, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens included in the ventri-
cose portion of the tube; anthers 2-aristate at the base, acuminate at the summit; disk
membranaceous, adnate, 4 the length of 2 pointed ovaries; style filamentous, reaching
the stamens; clavuncle incrassated, oblong, 5-grooved, with a basal umbraculiform
appendage; stigmata short.

4. BONAFOUSIA OBLONGIFOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana oblongifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 368; Müll. J. c. p. 74
In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jacobina, prov. Bahia (Blanchet 951, et, sec. DC., Blanchet
2358).

Branchlets slender, pale brown, striolated, with axils 12-21 in. apart; leaves very
patent, lanceolate oblong, somewhat heterophyllous, acute and subinœquilateral at the
base, acutely acuminated at the summit, chartaceous, pale green above, with semi-
immersed nerves, paler and opake beneath, with a stout midrib and yellow prominulent
nerves, 3 and 54 in. long at each node, 14-14 in. broad, on slender petioles 4-5 lines
long; panicle terminal in the dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle slender, 4 lines
long, the 2 branches at its apex 2 lines long; pedicels few, slender, 6 lines long; oblong
sepals obtuse, submembranaceous, spotted with yellow dots, 13 line long ; tube of corolla
cylindrical, ventricose in the middle, 9 lines long, its roundish oblique segments being
6 lines long, infolded sinistrorsely in the bud, the extremities descending into the mouth
of the tube; stamens seated in the lower contraction of the tube, included in the swollen
portion, emanating from as many pilose lines; 2 oblong, pointed, adpressed, smooth
ovaries, embraced at their base, for 4 of their length, by a very thin disk.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 51

5. BONAFOUSIA ATTENUATA, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, dichotomis: foliis ellipticis, imo canaliculatim
acutis, apice in acumen Jonge lineare obtusulum recurvum subito attenuatis, tenuiter chartaceis,
marginibus subundulatis paullo revolutis, supra leete viridibus, subopacis, nervis tenuissimis, sub-
patentibus, immersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, nervis vix prominulis, omnino eveniis ;
petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, imo fossatis, marginibus linea transversali nexis, limbo 10plo
brevioribus: racemo axillari, vel in dichotomiis erecto, folio dimidio breviore; pedunculo brevi,
paucifloro; pedicellis calyce 4plo longioribus; floribus majusculis, plerumque caducis; sepalis
ovatis, membranaceis, imbricatis, intus squamulis pluribus imo munitis; coroll: tubo cylindrico,
supra medium inflato, carnoso, fauce constrieto, limbi segmentis lineari-oblongis, pro tertia parte
erectis, et dehine introflexis intra faucem descendentibus, staminum apices amplectentibus, in esti-
vatione sinistrorsum convolutis, demum expansis; staminibus inclusis, supra medium tubi ad con-
strictionem affixis, antheris in conum coh:srentibus; disco cylindrico, membranaceo, ovariis bis
triente brevioribus omnino adnato; stylo clavuncula et stigmate generis. In Guiana Batav. et
Brit., et in Cayenne: v. s.in hb. Mus. Brit. Surinam (Hostmann 1314); Acaravuary, Guiana (Sagot
993, sub T. oblongifolia) ; Cayenne (Martin, sub T. neriifolia).

The leaves are 24-34 in. long, 2-11 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; the peduncle
is 6 lines long, marked by crowded cicatrices of fallen flowers; pedicels 4-6 lines long;
sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 1 in. long; knob of bud oblong-obovate, linear
segments expanded, 8 lines long.

6. Bonarousia Psrorretit, nob.: Tabernemontana Perottetii, A. DC. l. c. p. 362. In Guiana Gallica :
non vidi. j

A species apparently near B. undulata, with a similar dichotomous habit; leaves acute
at the base, with an obtusely linear acumen and undulate margins, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in.
broad, on stoutish petioles broadly channelled, 3 lines long: terminal raceme 5-8 lines
long, on a short peduncle, bearing 5-7 flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long, thickened at
the apex, bracteolated at the base; sepals ovate, imbricated, unequal; corolla in bud
6 lines long, the tube being pubescent in the mouth. Follicles semi-globular, somewhat
compressed, with a lateral curving ridge 14 in. long, 1 in. broad; disk and form of seg-
ments of corolla unknown.

7. Bonarousta GUYANENSIS, nob.: Tabernemontana Guyanensis, Müll. Linn. xxx. 404. In Guyana
(Poiteau) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Surinam (Miguel, sub Tab. oblongifolia).

A species closely allied to the preceding, and said to approach T. disticha and oblongi-
folia. It has terete angular branches, with internodes 5-6 in. long, and slender, com-
pressed branchlets, with remote axils : the leaves are oblong elliptic, roundish and suddenly
acute at the base, shortly cuspidate at the apex, crenulated on the margins, glabrous,
subchartaceous, pallidly green above, with 10-12 pairs of divaricated, ascending, pro-
minulent nerves arcuately conjoined, yellow opake beneath, with prominent reddish
nerves, 42-7 in. long, 23-3 in. broad, on petioles hoodingly fossate, 1-2 lines long;
panicles axillary, compact, 3 in. long, 5-8-fowered on a pubescent peduncle bare for 1 in.,
dichotomously and shortly branched, and bearing 8 or more closely approximated flowers
on pedicels 24 lines long, supported by acutely ovate ciliolated bracteoles ; sepals obtusely
obovate, ciliated on the margins, 13 line long, with an inner deeply 3-laciniated scale ;

H 2

52 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

tube of corolla cylindrical, glabrous, 6 lines long, enlarged at the middle, where it is
staminigerous ; segments oblong, 8 lines long, inflected below the middle in estivation,
the tips descending into the mouth of the tube; disk tubular, membranaceous, adnate
to one half of 2 acute ovaries.

8. Bonarousta OLIVACEA, nob.: Tabernemontana olivacea, Müll. l c. p. 75. In Brasilia septentrionali :
v. $. in herb. meo et Mus. Brit. San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3114, sub “ Peschiere sp.”).

Ï do not perceive the resemblance of this species to the 7. heterophylla of Vahl, as
stated by Müller, except that, like many other species, it has unequal leaves, which in
shape and size are very different; the fuscous, dichotomous branchlets are slender, `
glabrous, with axils 1-1} in. apart; the leaves are oval, or oblong ovate, patently
opposite, suddenly acute at their base, hastily terminated by a long, narrow, recurved
acumen 4-5 lines long, chartaceous, entire, with subrevolute margins, bright green
above, opake, with immersed nerves, pale yellow beneath, opake, with reddish costa, and
prominulent patent fine nerves, suddenly conjoined near the margin, 2-3 in. long
(including the acumen), 14-12 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; raceme in the dichotomy
of the branchlets, very short and depauperated, on a peduncle 2 lines long, bearing
above 3-4 caducous flowers, and 2 others above them, on bracteolated pedicels 5 lines
long; sepals obtusely oblong, somewhat unequal, erect, imbricated, membranaceous,
veined, 14 line long, with several minute inner scales; the cylindrical tube of the corolla
in bud is 74 lines long, somewhat inflated below the constricted mouth, and near the
base, the basal fleshy portion of the segments, forming the knob in «estivation, is 2 lines
long, the remaining introflected portion 5 lines long, descending into the tube; stamens
as in the preceding species; disk cylindrical, submembranaceous, scarcely as long as the
2 acutely oblong ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the gen. char.; follicles
unknown.

9. BONAFOUSIS RUPICOLA, nob. : Tabernemontana rupicola, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 243; A. DC.
l. c. p. 362; Müll. l. c. p. 74. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. prope Rio Negro
(Schomb. 898) ; Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2559), Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1463).

A species distinguished by its twice trichotomous branches ; leaves almost sessile, elliptic
oblong, obtuse and inzequilateral at the base, acuminated at the summit, submembrana-
ceous, entire, subfuscous above, sulcated upon the prominent midrib, many divergent
prominulent nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, reticulately veined, beneath
yellowish opake, the nerves semi-immersed, 24-5 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on channelled
petioles 1 line long, very shortly fossated at the base; panicle lateral, 1-2 in. long, on
a peduncle 3 lines long, bibracteolated at the base, supporting 3-5 approximated alter-
nate flowers on pedicels 4—5 lines long, shortly bracteolated at the base ; sepals ovate
obtuse, membranaceous, ciliated on the margin, imbricated, 1 line long, with a broad
many-laciniated scale; corolla cylindrical, tube much narrowed in the mouth, thence
gradually inflated below, 6 lines long; segments oblique oblong, membranaceous, 9 lines
long, 4 lines broad, in estivation sinistrorsely convoluted, suddenly inflected, the tips
entering within the mouth of the tube; stamens seated a little above the middle of the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE, 53

tube on a narrow pilose ring; filaments short pilose; anthers acuminate, biaristate at
the base, dorsally pilose ; disk cylindrical, 5-sulcate, 5-crenulate, shorter than the two
glabrous ovate ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character.

10. BoNAFOUSIA PoLYNEURA, nob.: Tabernemontana rupicola, var. Sprucei, Müll. l. c. p. 75. In Ama-
zonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1758, sub ** T. rupicole affinis ”).

A species distinguished by its more densely foliaceous habit and its polyneurous
leaves. Its dichotomous branchlets are rugulose, with axils 11-2 in. apart; the oblong
leaves, oval and suddenly acute at the base, not insequilateral, constricted into an acute
acumen, are dark rubescent green above, with subcrenulated numerous subpatent nerves
1-2 lines apart, opake and yellowish beneath, with fine nerves, scarcely prominulent,
3-5 in. long, 1j-2 in. broad, on channelled petioles 13 line long, transversely con-
joined across the axils; raceme lateral, 1 in. long, on an angular peduncle 3 lines
long, supporting about 3 flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; roundish, membranaceous
sepals, acute, ciliated on the margins, 4 line long, with an inner trifid scale; tube of
corolla cylindrical, fleshy, swollen below the narrow mouth, 5 lines long; segments
obliquely oblong, about 8 lines long, 2 lines broad, introflected and convoluted sinis-
trorsely in sestivation, the extremities descending into the tube; stamens included in the
middle of the tube, seated on a pilose ring; ovaries ovate, embraced at the base by a
short annular adnate disk; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character.

11. Bonarousia RARIFLORA, nob.: Tabernemontana rupicola, var. oblongifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 74. In
Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1005 ?).

A species differing from 7. rupicola in its petiolated, very lanceolate leaves, almost
nerveless, and a different inflorescence, a more slender habit, with virgated branchlets
and distant internodes; the dichotomous slender branchlets are yellowish, striolated,
with axils 11-21 in. apart; the leaves, subcrenulate, cuneately insequilateral, with a
long acumen, yellowish beneath, are 445 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on very thick petioles
2 line long, conjoined across the axils; the lateral raceme, on a peduncle 8 lines long,
has a stipuliform bract at its base, and supports 3 alternate flowers, on pedicels 4-5 lines
long; sepals acute, barely 1 line long; tube of corolla 44 lines long, narrowed in the
mouth; segments dolabriform, 6 lines long, 3 lines broad, simply convoluted sinistrorsely
in estivation; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the constriction of the tube; the rest
as in the preceding species.

'TABERNJEMONTANA.

This genus was first proposed in 1703 by Plumier in his * Genera,' p. 18, with a short
character, illustrated by a drawing of its flower and fruit. He figured the plant in 1757,
with a more copious description of his type, under the specific name of citrifolia un-
dulata (Am. ii. 246, tab. 248 B), giving as its synonyms T. citrifolia lanceolata, Hort.
Cliff., and Z. frutescens, P. Browne. Linn:eus, in his Sp. Pl. (1753) describes the genus

54 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

Tabernemontana with 3 species :—1, 7. citrifolia, with lanceolate leaves, in Hort. Cliff.
with a synonym of Plumier's plant; 2, T. laurifolia of Sloane; 3, T. alternifolia, a
doubtful species of Rheede, Hort. Malab. After this Zabernemontana became the
receptacle for a host of heterogeneous species; so that in 1844, Prof. De Candolle
enumerated more than 90, after separating four under two new genera, Peschiera and
Bonafousia. Subsequently Prof. Müller removed these into Tabernemontana, adding
nearly 40 new heterogeneous species. I have separated and classified most of these 130
species, retaining under Zabermemontana only those corresponding to the characters of
the Linnean type, which I carefully examined; these are easily recognized by their
hypocrateriform corolla, with sinistrorse «estivation, free slender stamens of a bluish
tinge, seated above the middle of the tube, their summits being more or less exserted.
The following may be considered to be the characters of the genus as here restricted.

T'ABERN.EMONTANA, Plum., Linn.: Sepala parva, oblonga, obtusa aut acuta, quincuncialiter imbricata,
sæpe membranacea, 2 exteriora interdum latiora, squamula basali lata 2-4-lacinulata intus munita.
Corolla hypocrateriformis; tubus cylindricus; segmenta 5, tubo paullo breviora, imo unguiculata,
mox inzqualiter dilatata, szpius dolabriformia, expansa, «eestivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum con-
voluta. Stamina 5, gracilia; filamenta brevia, supra medium tubi inserta; anthere fere semper
ceerulescentes, imo longiuscule biaristatze, apice cuspidate et hine plus minusve exserte. Discus
valde membranaceus, sub-5-lobus, ovariis multo brevior, et iis subadheerens. Ovaria 2, oblonga,
mutuo applicita. Stylus tenuis, sepe imo breviter fissus; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, 5-sul-
cata, imo appendice submembranacea munita; stigmata 2, brevissima. Folliculi 2, valde divaricati,
oblongo-ovales, gibbosi, stipitati, apice retrorsum rostrati, rima ventrali dehiscentes; semina plurima,
ovata, dorso striata, ventre concava, hilo mediano affixa, singula funiculis singulis pulposis semi-
immersa, quomodo ad placentas suturales seorsum affixa.

Arbores vel suffrutices Americe intertropice vel in Antillis vigentes, ramis sepe dichotome divisis ;
folia opposita, oblonga, acuta, petiolata; cymæ axillares aut terminales, sepe gemine ; flores albi
vel lutei.

1. TABERNZMONTANA CITRIFOLIA, Plum. Gen. (1703) p. 18, tab. 30; Pl. Amer. (1737) ii. 246, tab. 248 B
(excl. syn.) ; Icon. archetyp. Plum. ined. in Bibl. Banks. tab. 31; Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) (excl. syn.) ;
A. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 363; Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; Griseb. Fl. B. W. Ind. p. 409: Tabernemontana
frutescens, Sloane, Jam. p. 182. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Van Rohr).

A small tree, 15 feet high, with stout branchlets, having axils 2-3 in. apart, all lac-
tescent; leaves rather large, oblong elliptic, cuneate or subacute at the base, somewhat `
acute at the apex, sides often folded together, margins undulated, bright green above,
with about 12 pairs of immersed reddish nerves, yellowish opake beneath, with prominu- `
lent midrib and nerves, 3-61 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on broadly channelled petioles |
with membranaceous margins, 3-6 lines long; panicles lateral, often opposite, with `
4 branches, each bearing 2 flowers on short pedicels; sepals small, acute; corolla |
hypocrateriform, tube 8 lines long; segments a little shorter, linear oblong, oblique; 1
sinistrorsely convoluted ; stamens inserted below the mouth of the tube; anthers linear, d
cærulescent, half-exserted, 14 line long, biaristate at the base; disk shorter than the
2 acute oblong ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character; 2 fol- |
licles on a peduncle 1 in. long, oblong, acute, costate, horizontally spreading, 2} in. long, ;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE®. 55

9 lines broad, enclosing several seeds attached to the sutural margins by reddish pulp-
like funicles, in which they are half-imbedded.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower and fruit, are shown in
Plate VII. a.

2. TABERNJEMONTANA LANCEOLATA, Linn. in Hort. Cliff. (1737) p. 76 (excl. syn.) ; Sp. Plant. (1753)
p. 210 (excl. syn.) ; Jacq. Amer. (1763) p. 38, tab. 175. fig. 13 (flos), excl. syn.; Lam. Illust.
tab. 170 (folium). In Antilles: v. s. plantam archetyp. in herb. Cliffort. Mus. Brit. ex Cuba
(C. Wright 2948, in flore et fructu).

This species has been confounded with the preceding from the time of Linneus down-
wards; but the two plants differ obviously in the shape and size of the leaves, their
venation, their inflorescence, and in their fruit. Wright's specimen perfectly accords
with Linneus's plant, so that no doubt can exist on the subject. This shows what little
attention was paid by Linneus, in his earlier days, to the exact definition of any species,
as in the present case he mixed in one three very different species—(1) citrifolia,
(2) lanceolata, (3) alternifolia (a Malay plant described by Rheede). Lamarck gives the
leaf of this species in his tab. 170; but the floral parts and seeds are copied from
Plumier’s * Genera.”

This is a small tree 8 feet high, with smooth branchlets, having their axils 14 in.
apart; the leaves are glabrous, subspathulately lanceolate, with a short obtuse acumen,
flat, entire, pale green above, sulcated along the midrib, with about 14 pairs of patent
immersed nerves suddenly conjoined within the margin, a little paler beneath, opake
yellowish, with prominent midrib and very fine straw-coloured nerves, the transversely
reticulated veins being immersed, 3-4 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on semiterete, broadly
channelled petioles 2-4 lines long; a lateral panicle, on a peduncle 1 in. long, subdivided
above into 2 branchlets 9 lines long, bearing alternate flowers on bracteolated pedicels
3 lines long; sepals small, each with an inner multidentate scale; tube of corolla 10 lines
long, slender in the middle, ventricose below the mouth, a little swollen at the base,
segments 5 lines long, obliquely oblong, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens fixed in the
constriction of the tube, anthers very slender, bluish, half-exserted; disk adnate, sub-
5-lobed in the margin, shorter than the 2 pointed oblong ovaries; follicles 2, often
solitary by abortion, oblong ovate, compressed, with a sharp recurved point at the
apex, rounded along the sutural margin, 1 in. long, 6 lines broad; seeds not very nume-
rous, oval, striated on the dorsal face, deeply channelled on the ventral face, where they
are attached to the fleshy funicle ; they are 3 lines long, 2 lines broad.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower and fruit, are seen in
Plate VII. B.

3. TABERNEMONTANA NERIIFOLIA, Vahl, Ecl. ii. 21; DC. Prodr. viii. 367. In Porto Rico et Venezuela :
v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Cumancoa et Maracaibo (Moritz 357, Sagot 391).

The very lanceolate leaves, slightly heterophyllous, are green above, with an opake
granulated surface, with about 20 pairs of short patent nerves, conjoined near the
margin, semi-immersed, and without veins, they are ochreously pallid beneath, opake,
minutely corrugulated, with slightly prominulent nerves and are veinless; they are

56 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

3-3) in. long, 4-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long ; the peduncle, either lateral or in
the dichotomy of the branchlets, is 9 lines long, and is divided at its summit into
2 branches, each bearing few flowers; pedicels 2 lines long; sepals ovate oblong, sub-
membranaceous, 13 line long, with several minute scales inside; tube of corolla nar-
rowly cylindrical, 6 lines long; segments linear-oblong, 5 lines long, simply and sinis-
trorsely convoluted in the bud; stamens inserted upon a puberulous ring below the
mouth of the tube; anthers slender, semi-exserted, cuspidate at the apex, acutely
biaristate at the base, of a greenish colour; disk membranaceous, two thirds the length
of the 2 acute, oblong, striated ovaries; style slender, incrassated above by a clavuncle,
as in the other species.

4. TABERNJEMONTANA AMYGDALLEFOLIA, Jacq. Amér. 39, tab. 181. fig. 15 (non Seem.); A. DC. Z c. viii.
367 ; Ker, Bot. Reg. tab. 338: Cestrum nervosum, Mill. Dict. no. 3. In Nova Granada et Vene-
zuela: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. et Hook. Carthagena (Miller), S. Martha (Schlim 945), Venezuela
(Fendler 1429).

A small lactescent shrub 6 feet high, with dichotomous slender branchlets; leaves |
lanceolate-oblong, cuneated at the base, acuminate, submembranaceous, pale green
above, opake, entire, glabrous, nerves very patent (as in T. neriifolia) and immersed,
below yellowish, opake, with immersed dark pellucid nerves, with no apparent veins,
2-5 in. long, 9-18 lines broad, on slender petioles 3-6 lines long; racemes in the dicho-
tomies of the branchlets, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle very slender, 1 in. long,
bearing 4-5 flowers on alternate pedicels bracteolated at the base, 5 lines long; sepals
1 line long, acute; tube of corolla salver-shaped, 5 lines long, a little broader below the
mouth; segments spathulate oblong, expanded, nearly as long as the tube, sinistrorsely
convoluted; stamens somewhat exserted in the mouth; 2 free oblong, pointed ovaries,
surrounded at their base by a disk } their length; follicles obovate, oblong, green,
smooth, about half the size of those of T. citrifolia, or less; seeds half-imbedded in
pulpy funicles.

5. TaBERNEMONTANA ALBA, Miller, Dict. no. 2, ex Houston, MS.; A. DC. l. c. p. 362. In prov.
Yucatan : v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Campeche, Vera Cruz (Houston).

A very distinct species, having spreading, pallid branchlets, with axils 2-1 in. apart;
leaves ovate oblong, somewhat acute at the base, suddenly contracted below the apex
into a shortish obtuse acumen, margins subrevolute, chartaceous, green above, and |
granularly opake, midrib and very spreading nerves of a reddish colour not prominent,
beneath opake, of a rusty yellow colour, with a prominent midrib, nerves prominulent,
fuscous red, transverse veins immersed; they are 42-53 in. long, 2-21 in. broad, on .
sulcated petioles 5-7 lines long, fossated at the base, and conjoined at the axils by à
transverse line; panicle between the terminal leaves, 2 in. long, 14 in. broad, with many
rather close, somewhat stoutish branches again and again divided; numerous flowers -
on pedicels 2-4 lines long; sepals small, ovate, imbricated, ¿ line long, each furnished ;
within with 4 linear acute scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen above below —
the mouth, and there somewhat 5-plicated, is 3 lines long, segments shorter, obliquely .

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 57

oblong, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens originating in a pilose ring at the contraction
of the tube; anthers slender, of a bluish colour, exserted at the apex; a short 5-lobed
disk ; 2 free, striated, oblong, pointed ovaries; style slender; clavuncle thickish, deeply
5-grooved.

6. TABERNAMONTANA ÁCAPULCENSIS, nob. ; Tabernemontana amygdaleefolia, Seem. (non Jacq.) Bot. Her.
p. 167: ramulis tenuibus, dichotomis, striolatis: foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, imo sub-
cuneatis, apice in acumen longiusculum attenuatis, marginibus crenato-sinuatis, submembranaceis,
supra leete viridibus, opacis, minute granulatis, obsolete pilosulis, nervis divergentibus immersis,
subtus flavide opacis, granulatis, nervis tenuibus rufescentibus paullo prominulis; petiolo semitereti,
limbo 12plo breviore: panicula laterali folio 2-3plo breviore; pedunculo tenui, folio 3plo breviore, sub
4-flora; pedicellis tenuibus, 4plo brevioribus, imo bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse ovatis, imbricatis,
intus squamulis 2 lanceolatis imo munitis ; coroll tubo anguste cylindrico, supra medium paullo am-
pliore, segmentis oblique oblongis, tubo fere «quilongis, in «stivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum
convolutis; staminibus im constrictione tubi insertis, antheris tenuibus semiexsertis; disco tenui,
5-lobo, ovariis 2 oblongis striatis subadnato et triplo breviore; stylo tenui; clavuncula incrassata ;
stigmatis lobis tenuibus subulatis. In Mexico: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Veraguas (Seemann 1221),
Acapulco (Pavon), Tehuantepec (Schott 432), Columbia (Cuming 1295).

A shrub 8 feet high, with slender branches, called “jasmin del monte,” because of its
odoriferous flowers. The leaves are ¿-34 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines
long; the panicles are 11-2 in. long, on slender peduncles 6-9 lines long; pedicels
2-3 lines long; sepals $ line long; tube of corolla 7 lines long, segments 5 lines long.

7. TABERNJEMONTANA LAURIFOLIA, Linn. Sp. 308 (non Ker); Miller, Dict. no. 3; Poiret, Dict. vii. 528;
Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; A. DC. l c. p. 363; Jacq. Amer. 39; Willd. Sp. i. 1244; Grisebach, Fl. Br.
W. Ind. p. 409: Tabernemontana frutescens, Brown, Jam. 181: Nerium arboreum, Sloane, Jam. 154 ;
Hist. Jam. ii. 62, tab. 186. fig. 2. In Antilles: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Sloane).

A well-known species, but insufficiently described. Sloane’s specimen agrees well
with his drawing (tab. 186). Lunan describes it as a tree 15 feet high, with a trunk as
thick as a man's leg, covered by a smooth whitish bark, and having tortuous branches;
its branchlets are curved, with axils 11 in. apart; leaves patently opposite along the
terminal branchlets, oval-oblong, subacute at the base, suddenly contracted at the apex
into a short acumen, lucidly green above, entire on the margins, with several patently
divarieating nerves, 4—5 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on straight petioles 1-13 in. long;
panicles lateral, 1-13 in. long, branching from the base, and bearing several approxi-
mated yellow odoriferous flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals ovate, rounded, mem-
branaceous, veined, imbricated, each having 3 short inner lanceolate scales; tube of
corolla narrowly cylindrical, a little wider above, 6-8 lines long; its segments, 5-6 lines
long, are obliquely ovate and expanded horizontally on one side, and simply convoluted
sinistrorsely in zestivation; the stamens are inserted in the upper portion of the tube;
anthers cuspidate at the apex, extending a little beyond the mouth; a semi-5-lobed
disk, 4 shorter than the 2 free, adpressed, striated ovaries; style slender, surmounted by
a thickened, deeply 5-sulcate clavuncle, having a membranaceous expansion at its base,

J

58 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

and terminated by 2 subulate stigmata; 2 divaricated ovate follicles, subcompressed,
stipitate, horned at the apex.
The Tabernemontana laurifolia, Ker, Bot. Reg. ix. 716, is Taberna laurina.

8. TABERNAMONTANA OCCIDENTALIS, nob.: ramulis pallidis, striatis : foliis oppositis, lanceolato-oblongis,
imo acutis, apice in acumen obtusiusculum attenuatis, integris, submembranaceis, supra leete
viridibus, costa tenui nervisque patentibus subimmersis, tenuibus, subtus pallidioribus, costa
nervisque paullo prominulis ; petiolo supra plano, limbo 50plo breviore : panicula laterali; pedunculo
bifido, ramis divaricatis, bracteolatis, 2-floris; pedicellis tenuibus, bracteolatis ; sepalis obtuse ovatis,
imbricatis, submembranaceis; corolle tubo cylindrico, subbrevi, segmentis membranaceis oblique
oblongis; antheris subezxrulescentibus, fere omnino exsertis. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit.?
(Maclean).

A species approaching T. citrifolia : its leaves are 44 in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles

1 line long; peduncle 10 lines long; its 2 branches 3 lines; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals

2 lines long; tube of corolla 3 lines long; segments same length and breadth; anthers

13 line long.

9. TABERNAMONTANA BERTERI1, A. DC. Z c. p. 367. In Porto Rico: non vidi.

Branchlets pallid; in the lower portions, where the leaves have fallen, they are annu-
lated by a dilated ring; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, 2-3 in. long, 6-12 lines broad,
on petioles 4-5 lines long, dilated at the base, and conjoined across the nodes; they are
somewhat heterophyllous at the axils, membranaceous, nerves remote and patent;
panicles axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, on a furcate peduncle, its
branches, with few flowers, on pedicels 1 line long, with ovate bracteoles at the base;
sepals obtusely ovate, 2 lines long; corolla 1 in. long, the tube constricted in the middle,
segments insequilaterally oblong, shorter than the tube; stamens included, seated in the
constriction of the tube. The estivation of the corolla and other features are unknown;
but the species is said to be near 7. amygdalefolia.

10. TABERNEMONTANA UTILIS, Arn. Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii. 318; A. DC. l. c. p. 363. In Guiana,
Gallica: non vidi.

A species said to be near T. citrifolia, yielding a lactescent juice, and called “ hya-hya "
by the natives: leaves oblong, obtuse at the base, suddenly acuminated at the apex, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, 4 in. long, 1$ in. broad, on petioles 6 lines long; cymes axillary,
much shorter than the leaves, few-flowered ; the lower bracts opposite and foliaceous,
upper ones adpressed about the calyx, ciliated; sepals obtuse, ciliated, tube of corolla
cylindrical, segments rather short, roundish, simply convoluted; filaments short, seated
near the middle of the tube; anthers long and deeply biaristate at the base.

Species of Tabernemontana here excluded and assigned to their proper places :—
Indications: D., De Candolle, Prodr. vol. viii. ; B., Mull. Fl. Bras. fase. xxvi.; L., Múll. Linn. xxx.

T. acuminata, Mill. L. 406 . . . . = Peschiera acuminata.
T. acutissima, Müll. B.73. . . . . Anacampta acutissima.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 59

T. affinis, Müll. B. 83 .
T. amygdalefolia, Seem. (non Jacq.) .
T. angulata, Müll. B. 72 .

T. arcuata, R. & P. D. 363

T. australis, Müll. B. 84 .

T. Benthamiana, Müll. B. 80

d ) Müll. (bis) B. 70 .

T. bracteolaris, Müll. B. 83 .

T. breviflora, Müll. B. 79 .

T. calycina, Spruce (non Wall.).

T. Catharinensis, D. 365, B. 85

T. cestroides, Nees & Mart. .

T. collina, Gardn. ‘

T. congesta, Benth. B. 71 .

T. cymosa, Jacq. D. 364

T. ,, Mart. (non Jacq.).

Z; ,, Soland. (non Jacq.) .

T. discolor, Sw. D. 375.

T. disticha, A. DC. D. 362

T. echinata, Aubl. D. 360 .

T 3 Vell. D. 360 .

T. fallax, Müll. B. 84 .

T. fasciculata, Poir. D. 375

T. flavescens, R. & Sch. D. 375 .

T. flavicans, R. & Sch. D. 375, B. 77 .

q EE] Müll. B. 77
T. frutescens, Sloane, D. 363 .
T; b» P. Br. D. 363 .

T. fuchsiefolia, A. DC. D. 365, B. 82.
T. funiformis, Müll. D. 460, B. 144

T, 34 var. peduncularis, Müll.
T. Gaudichaudii, A. DC. D. 365, B. 81
T. glabrata, Mart.

T. gracilis, Benth. D. 380 .

T. oi: Müll. B. 82 à

T. grandiflora, Jacq. D. 368 .

T. Guyanensis, Müll. L. 404 .

T. heterophylla, Vahl, D. 361, B. 76
T. » Benth. D. 361 .

T. Hilariana, Müll. B. 85.

T. hirtula, Müll. (in parte) B. 73

T. hystrix, Steud. D. 360 . ‘

T. jasminoides, H. B. K. D. 379

. = Peschiera affinis.

Tabernemontana Acapulcensis.
Anacampta angulata.
Merizadenia arcuata.
Peschiera australis.
Peschiera multiflora.
Codonemma calycina.
Peschiera hystrix.
Peschiera breviflora.
Codonemma calycina.
Peschiera Catharinensis.
Robbia cestroides.
Peschiera fuchsiefolia.
Anacampta congesta.
Taberna cymosa.
Geissospermum Martianum.
Peschiera Solandri.
Taberna discolor.
Taberna disticha.
Peschiera echinata.
Peschiera hystrix.
Peschiera fallax.
Thyrsanthus fasciculatus.
Anartia flavescens.
Anartia flavicans.
Anartia flavicans.
Tabernemontana citrifolia.
Tabernemontana laurifolia.
Peschiera fuchsiœfolia.
Mitozus funiformis.
Mitozus exilis.
Peschiera Gaudichaudii.
Anartia glabrata.
Malouetia gracilis.
Peschiera gracillima.
Stemmadenia grandiflora.
Bonafousia Guyanensis.
Peschiera heterophylla.
Peschiera diversifolia.
Peschiera Hilariana.
Anacampta hirtula.
Peschiera hystrix.
Malouetia jasminoides.

12

60

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ,

T. leta, A. DC. (in parte) D. 364 .
T. „ Mart. (in parte) D. 364, B. 79
T. , var. pubescens, Müll. B. 79
T. levigata, Mart. B. 77 a
T. levis, Vell. A. DC. D. 375, B. 90
T. laurifolia, Ker (non Linn.) D. 363 .
du o Schott . F

T. Linkii, A. DC. D. 364 .

T. litoralis, H. B. K. D. 563 .

T. longifolia, Benth. D. 368 .

T. lucida, H. B. K. D. 377

T. Lundii, A. DC. D. 365, B. 81

T. (Odontadenia)macrocalyx, Müll. L.403

T. macrophylla, Poir. D. 374.

T re Benth. (non Poir.) B. 75
T. Meyeri, Don, D. 368 )

T. multiflora, R.. & Sch. D. 364.

T. muricata, R. & Sch. D. 361, B. 80 .
zx P Müll. B. 80 .

T, » Spruce, B. 76

T. oblongifolia, A. DC. D. 368, B. 74 .
T. ochracea, Spr. B. S1. .

T. odorata, Vahl, D. 379 .

T. olivacea, Müll. B. 75

T. parviflora, Poir. D. 374

T. paucifolia, Müll. B. 87 .

T. Perottetii, A. DC. D. 362.

T. pilifera, Spruce, B. 73 .

T. Póppigú, Müll. L. 405 .

T. populifolia, Poir. D. 374

T. psychotriefolia, H. B. K. D. 366

T. Rawwolfii, A. DC. D. 364, B. 78

T. recurva, Sagot 3

T. reticulata, A. DC. D. 366, D 87

T. Riedelii, Müll. B. 72

T. riparia, H. B. K. jad

T. rubrostriolata, Müll. B. Z1 . .

T. rupicola, Benth. D. 362, B. 74 .

2. 3 var. oblongifolia, Müll. B.75
E n5 var. Sprucei, Müll. B. 75.
T. Salzmanni, A. DC. D. 362; B. 78 .
T. Sananho, R. &.P. D. 363 .

T. sessilis, Vell. B. 96 . .

. — Malouetia arborea.

Peschiera leta.
Peschiera florida.
Anartia flavicans.
Geissospermum leve.
Taberna laurina.
Stemmadenia insignis.
Peschiera Linkit.
Peschiera litoralis.
Anacampta longifolia.
Macoubea, sp. ?
Peschiera Lundit.
Codonemma macrocalyz.

Thyrsanthus macrophyllus.

Phrissocarpus rigidus.
Anartia Meyeri.
Peschiera Linkii.
Peschiera muricata.
Peschiera ochracea.
Phrissocarpus rigidus.
Bonafousia oblongifolia.
Peschiera ochracea.
Malouetia odorata.
Bonafousia olivacea.
Thyrsanthus parviflorus.
Rhigospira paucifolia.
Bonafousia Perottetii.
Anacampta hirtula.
Taberna Pòppigii.
Thyrsanthus populifolius.

Peschiera psychotriafolia.

Peschiera Salzmannt.
Anartia recurva.
Rhigospira reticulata.
Taberna Riedelii.
Malouetia riparia.
Anacampta congesta.
Bonafousia rupicola.
Bonafousia rariflora.
Bonafousia polgneura.
Peschiera Salzmanni.
Merizadenia Sananho.
Thyrsanthus sessilis.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 61

T. solamifolia, A. DO. D. 365, B. 86
T. Spixiana, Mart. B. 78 . :
T. Sprucei, Müll. (in parte) B. 86 .
d aa Müll. (in parte) B. 86 .
T. stenoloba, Müll. L. 407

T. subcordata, Linn. Syst. 945 .

T. submollis, Mart. B. 70 .

T. tenuiflora, Müll. B. 76 .

T. ternstreemiacea, Müll. B. 88 .

T. tetrastachys, H. B. K. D. 368

TT. umbrosa, H. B. K. D. 375

T. undulata, Vahl (non Mey.)

. — Peschiera solanifolia.

Peschiera Spixiana.
Rhigospira Sprucei.
Rhigospira sinuosa.
Peschiera stenoloba.
Echites umbellata.
Anacampta submollis.
Peschiera tenuiflora.
Rhigospira ternstremiacea.
Malouetia tetrastachys.
Peschiera umbrosa.
Bonafousia undulata.

T, 3 Spruce. ^
T rs Meyer, D. 368 .
T. versicolor, Mill. B. 146

Bonafousia obliqua.
Anartia Meyeri.
Mitozus versicolor.

T: A var. olivacea, Müll. . Mitozus tenuicaulis.

Z" sé » brachystachys, Müll. Mitozus brachystachys.
t 3 » intermedia, Müll. . Mitozus rugosus.

T. 7A Wulfschlegelii, Griseb. . Anartia Wulfschlegelii.

T. sp., Benth. . Malouetia lactiflora.

TABERNA, DC.

Fifty-nine of the many species of Tabernemontana, enumerated by De Candolle under
a section Taberna, are mostly of American, with a few of oriental origin, all combined
under the single character of a follicular fruit. If we remove from these heterogeneous
species all those belonging to Tabernemontana proper, and those belonging to other
genera since constituted, we have a remainder, all American, which offer tolerably
uniform characters; they are here comprised under a genus Taberna.

Taserna, A. DC. Char. reformat. : Sepala 5, parva, ovata, erecta, imbricata, intus squamulis parvis acutis
paucis vel pluribus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus anguste cylindricus; limbi segmenta 5,
expansa, dolabriformia, sinistrorsum inflexa et convoluta. Stamina inclusa, paullo infra medium
tubi inserta, subsessilia; anthere subcoherentes, imo breviter et acute bifurcatee, apice acuminate ;
discus cylindricus, submembranaceus, margine crenulatus, ovario adnato arcte adglutinatus et eo
dimidio brevior; stylus tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, imo membrana indusiata; stigmata 2, parva,
terminalia. Folliculi 2, sepius divaricati, oblongi, obtusi, subcompressi, sepe maculati, plus minusve
arcuati, sutura ventrali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, in funiculos crassos pulposos semiimmersa.
Arbores vel suffrutices Americe meridionalis, habitu Tabernzemontanse.

From the above characters it will be seen that Taberna differs from Tabernemontana
in the tube of its corolla being swollen in the middle, in the character of its stamens,
which are quite included, and in a longer adnate disk. From Bonafousia it differs in
the shape of its corolla, in the dolabriform segments of its border simply convoluted in
zestivation, in the position of its stamens, and in the presence of a disk; from Peschiera

62 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

in the stouter tube of its corolla, in the position of its stamens, in the presence of a
disk, and in its smooth (not muricated) fruit.

1. Taperna cymosa, nob.: Tabernemontana cymosa, Jacq. (non Solander) Amer. 39, tab. 181. fig. 14;
A. DC. Prodr. viii. 364. Ad Cartagena: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, sine loco (ex hb. Vahl.), et sine
flore.

A species apparently known only to Jacquin, who describes it as a tree 15 feet high,
of which the trunk is 6 feet long, its branches furnished with ovate-lanceolate acute,
entire or scarcely undulated leaves, 6 in. long, the axillary cymes consisting of a broad,
handsome mass of about 40 reddish-white flowers, on slender pedicels 3 lines long;
calyx of 5 lanceolate-oblong, flat, erect sepals 2 lines long; tube of corolla narrowly
cylindrical, 6 lines long, 1 line broad, a little swollen above the base, the segments
being dolabriform, expanded, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted;
stamens enclosed in the swollen portion of the tube; follicles 2 (one generally abortive),
oblong, recurved, roundly obtuse at the extremity, with a lateral curving ridge on
each side, rather large, of a reddish colour, spotted with unequal rusty blotches, 3 in.
long, 14 in. thick, and containing many seeds, partly enveloped in yellowish succulent
funicles. `

In the specimen above cited, the leaves quite agree with the description of Jacquin.
On it is written (not by Vahl), “ Tab. citrifolia ;” but it is very different from the original
drawing of that species furnished by Plumier. In the specimen, the young branch is
very slender, the axils 1-1 in. apart; the opposite leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends,
3-43 in. long, $—1 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long.

Figures of this species, in flower and in fruit, are given in Plate VIII. a.

2. TABERNA DISCOLOR, nob.: Tabernemontana discolor, Sw. Prodr. p. 62; Fl. Ind. Occid. p. 535; A. DC.
l. c. p. 975; Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; Grisebach, Flor. Brit. W. Jnd. p. 409. In Antilles: v. s. in hb.
Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Swartz).

This typical plant agrees with Swartz's description in all respects, except the character
of the anthers, “ ovatæ,” which shape is contrary to that of any of the Tabernemontane.
Ï have examined the anthers in the above specimen, and find them to be narrowly oblong,
acute and shortly bidentate at the base; stamens inserted above the middle of the tube
and quite included, on which account the species is referred to Taberna. Itis a shrub,
6 feet high, dichotomously branched, with slender 4-angular striated branchlets; leaves
elliptic (younger ones lanceolate-ovate), acute at the base, with an obtuse acumen,
inequilateral, with undulated margins, green above, very opake, nerves immersed and
veinless, sulcated on the midrib, pallid beneath, yellowish, opake, minutely granulated,
midrib and nerves prominulent and reddish, 21-31 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, on slender
channelled petioles 7-9 lines long, fossated at the base and conjoined by a short trans-
verse ridge; peduncle 2 lines long, its branches 5 lines long, each bearing 4-5 flowers, on
pedicels 2 lines long, bracteolated at the base; sepals acutely oval, imbricated, with a
prominent green nerve and pale membranaceous margins; tube of corolla 6 lines long;
segments 3 lines long, inequilateral, ovate at the base, linear and horizontally expanded
on the sinister side, simply convoluted sinistrorsely ; stamens inserted below the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE. 63

middle of the tube; anthers as before stated; disk very short, membranaceous, in-
vesting the base of 2 ovaries ; follicles 2, containing many seeds half-immersed in pulpy
funicles.

3. TABERNA LAURINA, nob.: Tabernemontana laurifolia, Ker (non Linn.) Bot. Reg. tab. 716; A. DC.
l. c. p. 363. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Shakespear).

De Candolle states that this is very distinct from 7. laurifolia, Linn., founded on
Sloane's plant, differing in its more rounded, cuneated leaves, having the nervation of
T. neriifolia, and in its much larger flowers, which are white (not yellow), upon a much
longer peduncle, bare at its base. It is a lactescent shrub, with stoutish 4-angular
branches, apparently much verrucated, with axils 2-1 in. apart; the opposite leaves are
roundly obovate, euneated from the middle to the petiole, with many nearly horizontally
patent nerves conjoined along the margin, 24-54 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on slender
petioles 6-9 lines long, channelled above, broadly flattened at the base, and there con-
joined by a transverse ridge at each node; panicles opposite, on bare peduncles 2 in.
long, terminated by 3 alternate, very odoriferous flowers, on thickish pedicels 2 lines
long; calyx thickly coriaceous, shortly cupshaped at the base; sepals 5, equal, roundly
ovate, convex, imbricated, yellowish green, externally papillose and poriferous, emitting
a viscous juice; tube of corolla thickly cylindrical, 9 lines long, 14 line broad, seg-
ments inequilaterally oblong, very expanded, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad, sinistrorsely
convoluted; stamens said to be short and fixed below the middle of the tube,—all being
characters conformable with Taberna.

4. TanERNA Pórricir, nob.: Tabernemontana Póppigii, Müller in Linn, xxx. 405. In Peruvia ad
Tocache : non vidi.

A species with the habit of 7. Sananho, R. & P., and with internodes as long as the
leaves, which are elliptic, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the summit, membrana-
ceous, with 14-16 pairs of arching nerves, concolorous, 8-9 in. long, 524 in. broad, with
petioles 84 lines long; peduncle 13 in. long, bearing 6-8 slender flowers, which in bud
are 62-8 lines long, on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals obtusely ovate, ciliolate, with 5-7
internal scales; tube of corolla puberulous within at the insertion of the stamens;
ovaries obtusely ovoid, surrounded at the base by an adherent disk.

5. TABERNA DISPARIFOLIA, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, dichotome divisis: foliis plerumque heterophyllis,
elliptico-oblongis, imo acutis, apice in acumen longum et angustum subito constrictis, tenuiter
chartaceis, supra viridibus, nervis tenuissimis patentim divaricatis vix prominulis, subtus pal-
lidioribus, opacis, costa nervisque rufulis subprominulis; petiolis tenuissimis, canaliculatis, imo
vaginatim conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: racemo laterali aut terminali, brevissimo; pedun-
culo depauperato, 1-2-floro; pedicellis ei equilongis; sepalis oblongis, submembranaceis, imbri-
catis, intus squamulis parvis acutis basalibus munitis: corolle tubo tenuiter elongato, medio
angustiore, segmentis obtuse oblongis, subobliquis, quam tubus dimidio brevioribus, subreflexis, sinis-
trorsum convolutis; staminibus versus medium tubi insertis; ovariis 2, oblongis, apice liberis, imo
pro dimidia parte disco adnatis. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Tarapoto (Spruce 4611).

A species having the habit and appearance of a Peschiera: the axils of its slender
dichotomous branchlets are 3-1 in. apart; its opposite leaves 24 and 1 or 27 and 14 in.

64 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

long, in each axil, 7-10 lines broad, on petioles 3 and 2 lines long; the peduncle is
5-6 lines long, the pedicels 4-5 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 14 lines
long, 1 line broad in the middle; segments 8 lines long, 24 lines broad, horizontally and
simply convoluted sinistrorsely in zestivation; style long and slender, clavuncle incras-
sated with a basal membranaceous peltate appendage.

6. Taberna Bn, nob.: Tabernemontana Riedelii, Müll. l. c. p. 72. In Amazonas ad Rio Madera
(Riedel 1378) : non vidi.

A shrub 8-10 feet high: subcoriaceous leaves broadly ovate, shortly acute at the base,
with a short acute apex, punctulate-scabrous above, pallid below, and of an argillaceous
olive colour, with about 15 pairs of nerves, 62-10 in. long, 4-5} in. broad, on very short
petioles; panicle lateral, 8 or 10-flowered, on a scabridly hirsute peduncle, three times
as long as the short petioles; pedicels as long as the calyx, with ovate ciliated bracts;
sepals broadly ovate and rounded, with ciliated margins, and with many internal basal
scales; tube of corolla five times as long as the calyx, 94 lines long, finely pulverulent
and scabrous outside; stamens seated below the middle of tube on a pilose ring; ovaries
glabrous, slightly swollen below the middle by an adnate disk.

7. TABERNA DISTICHA, NOD. : Tabernemontana disticha, A. DC. viii. 362. In Guiana Gallica: non vidi.

Branches terete, yellowish, with internodes shorter than the leaves: leaves dis-
tichous, oblong, somewhat acute at the base, acuminate at the apex, membranaeeous,
35 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; raceme lateral, on a thick peduncle
scarcely longer than the petioles, bearing about 5 approximated flowers, on pedicels
scarcely longer than the calyx, with ovate ciliated bracts at their base, 4 line long;
sepals obtusely ovate, small; tube of corolla 7 lines long, cylindrical, a little swollen
about the middle, segments oblong, shorter than the tube, puberulous on both sides;
stamens inserted near the middle of the tube; anthers sagittate, subcoherent at the
base; disk agglutinated to the base of 2 ovaries free above. A species said to be near
T. oblongifolia. ; |

ANACAMPTA *.

A genus distinguished by its stoutish angular branches, always more or less fistulous ;
leaves generally large, oblong, rigidly chartaceous, upon stoutish petioles, flat above,
deeply and hoodingly fossate at the base, and conjoined across the node by a transverse
ridge; short lateral panicles on a stout peduncle bearing above several short branches,
each with flowers on short pedicels; calyx generally rather small; tube of corolla
cylindrical, stoutish, contracted below the middle at the insertion of the stamens, seg-
ments rectangularly prolonged, $ the length of the tube, their apices descending into the
tube in «estivation, as in Bonafousia; disk cylindrical, free, tubular, 5-sulcate, and
5-crenulate; follicles 2, divergent, much compressed, dolabriform, smooth, each con-
taining several ovoid subcompressed seeds attached to the suture by fleshy funicles.

* From áraxdprrw (introflexo), from the singular introflexion of the segments of the corolla in sestivation.

——

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 65

ANacAMPTA, nob.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala parva, rarius majora, oblonga, erecta, im-
bricata, intus squamula multifida munita. Corolla tubulosa; tubus cylindricus, supra medium
paullulo ampliatus ; segmenta tubo paullo breviora, plus minusve curvata, ad basin pro tertia parte
subrhomboidea, pro reliqua parte lineari-oblonga, hic in sestivatione subito introflexa, apicibus
obtusulis intra faucem protensis. Stamina inclusa; filamenta brevissima, ad constrictionem tubi
inserta; anthere lineares, conniventes, cuspidatz, imo furcis 2 acutis subbrevibus armate. Discus
carnosulus, cylindricus, 5-costatus, margine 5-crenatus, glaber vel hispidulus, ovariis paullo brevior.
Ovaria 2, oblonga, libera, szepe pilosa ; stylus subbrevis ; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, imo membrana

erispata peltata donata; stigmata 2, breviter subulata, terminalia. Folliculi 2, dolabriformi-oblongi,
subacuti, valde compressi, leves, divaricati, ventre arcuato dehiscentes. Semina subpauca, ovata,
compressa, dorso crebre striata, asperula, ventre late sulcata et ibi hilo centrali notata, funiculo
carnoso semivestita aut suspensa.

Arbuseule plerumque Brasiliane, sepius glaberrime; rami validiusculi, angulati: folia opposita,
plerumque majuscula, oblonga, glaberrima, coriacea aut rigide chartacea; petioli crassi, supra plani,
imo angulosi, striati, superne versus basin cuculla concava muniti, et illic profunde fossati, ad
nodos linea transversa neri; panicule laterales, subbreviores, pedunculati, apice approximatim ramose,
ramis flores 3-4 breviter pedicellatis gerentibus.

1. ANacaMPTA CONGESTA, nob.: Tabernemontana congesta, Benth. MS.; Tabernemontana rubrostriolata,
Müll. /. c. p. 71, tab. 21. fig. 1. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Santarem (Spruce 232).

Mr. Bentham's specific name is here adopted in preference to the MS. name of
Martius, employed by Müller, which does not apply to the present plant, and which
probably was given by Martius to some undescribed species. It has stout, dichotomous,
subfistulose branchlets, angularly sulcate, and of a yellowish colour: it has large
obovate leaves, rounded at the base and suddenly narrowed along the petiole, obtuse
towards the summit, and there constricted into a blunt, short acumen, or, by imper-
fection, round and emarginate there; they are firmly chartaceous, with subrevolute
margins, green above, sulcate on the midrib and divergent nerves, yellowish opake below,
with prominent costa and reddish nerves, 44-74 in. long, 23-44 in. broad, on stout
broad petioles 8 lines long, channelled and deeply fossate at the base, and conjoined
across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle lateral and solitary at the axils, 6 lines
long, bearing several congested flowers on slender pedicels bracteolated at their base,
2 lines long; sepals ovate, ciliolated, imbricated, 1 line long, having within several
lanceolate scales; tube of corolla 7 lines long, staminiferous in the middle, border-
segments half as long, dolabriform, sinistrorsely convoluted in estivation; disk angular,
adnate to the ovaries for half their length; fructiferous pedicel much stouter, 5 lines
long, supporting 2°gibbous follicles acutely recurved at the summit. These are not
yet matured in the specimen; they are smoothly opake, pale brown, 12-14 in. long,
31 lines broad, and contain about 16 unripe, oval compressed, striated seeds, attached
in the middle of the ventral face to a fleshy funicle.

Drawings of this species, in flower and in fruit, are given in Plate IX. B.

2. ANACAMPTA ANGULATA, nob.: Tabernemontana angulata, Mart. ; Müll. l. c. p. 72, tab. 23. In Ama-
zonas, prov. Pará: non vidi.

A well-marked cognate species, with stout dichotomous branchlets, deeply angular-
K

66 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

sulcated, compressed, fistulose, dark, puberulous, with axils 33 in. apart; leaves elliptic-
oblong, acute at the base, a long narrow acumen at the apex, glabrous, entire, granularly
seabrid on both sides, with about 12 pairs of diverging nerves, 43-6 in. long, 33-33 in.
broad, on stout channelled petioles, fossated at the base and conjoined by a transverse
ridge across the thickened nodes. The panicles are solitary and lateral at the axils, on a
stout striated peduncle Y lines long, bearing 5-7 or more, closely congested flowers,
on bracteolated pedicels 2-3 lines long; sepals oblong, 2i lines long; tube of corolla

9 lines long; segments gibbously ovoid, 6 lines long; disk cylindrical, surrounding
2 obovoid ovaries.

3. ANACAMPTA ACUTISSIMA, nob.: Tabernemontana acutissima, Müll. Fl. Bras. p. 73. In insulis fluv.
Amazonas : non vidi.

This species is very near the preceding. Its branches are obtusely angular, sub-
puberulous; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse at the base, terminated by a long, narrow, cus-
pidate acumen, have about 18 pairs of nerves 7 lines apart, are very glabrous, 62-8 in.
long, 23-34 in. broad, on petioles 2-21 lines long (probably deeply fossated and conjoined
by a transverse ridge); panicle lateral, on a peduncle 4$ lines long, bearing from 4 to 7
flowers aggregated on pedicels as long as the calyx, and furnished with triangular,
obtuse, puberulous, ciliated bracts; sepals obtusely oblong, glabrous, with ciliated mar-
gins, provided with 4 basal scales inside; tube of corolla glabrous outside, pubescent
within along 5 longitudinal lines in the middle, where the stamens are inserted;
segments oblong, narrowed horizontally, outside furfuraceous at the base, beyond

glabrous, convoluted sinistrorsely in estivation; disk acutely 5-angled, surrounding the
ovaries.

4. ANACAMPTA LONGIFOLIA, nob. : Tabernemontana longifolia, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 243; A. DC.
l. c. p.368. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 292 et 41 bis), Surinam
(Mig. sub T. oblongifolia), Cayenne (Van Rohr, sub T. triquetra).

This must not be confounded with another 41 of Schomburgk's plants, which is
Thyrsanthus laurifolius. The branchlets are stout, angular, striolated, subfistulose, with
axils 14-2 in. apart; its subcuneate oblong leaves, acuminate at the summit, are
5-10 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on stout deeply fossate petioles 3 lines long, con-
joined across the axils by a transverse ridge; inflorescence terminal at the end of a
very short 2-leaved branchlet, so that it appears almost axillary ; peduncle stout, 1 in.
long, divided at its summit into two erect stout portions 1 in. long, each bearing about
20 very closely alternate flowers, most of which are caducous; pedicels 3-4 lines long,
issuing from as many imbricating, obsoletely puberulous, oblong, oval bracts 2 lines
long, mostly caducous; sepals oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long, each with a 4-dentate scale
within; tube of corolla cylindrical, 9 lines long, contracted at the mouth; segments
oblong, gibbous, (expanded) 5 lines long, 4 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted, their
extremities introflexed and descending into the mouth of the tube; stamens inserted
above the middle of the tube; ovaries 2, oblong, pointed, free, and half-enclosed within a

fieshy, cylindrical, 5-grooved, 5-crenate disk; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the
generic character.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEEX. 67

5. ANACAMPTA SUBMOLLIS, nob. : Tabernemontana submollis, Mart. et Müll. l. c. p. 70, tab. 22, In Ama-
zonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Rio Negro (Spruce 1666).

A shrub 3-4 feet high, with dichotomous compressed branchlets, the axils 11-91 in.
apart; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, opake pale green above, yellowish
and very opake beneath, with about 16 pairs of paler prominent nerves, 5-7 in. long,
13-24 in. broad, on stout petioles 3-5 lines long, deeply channelled, fossate at the base,
their margins conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle lateral, 2 in. long,
on a peduncle 1 in. long, with several very short branches bearing flowers on stoutish
pedicels 2 lines long, bracteolated at the base; sepals ovate obtuse, 1 line long, with
3 inner small lanceolate scales; corolla tubular; tube cylindrical, very little swollen in
the middle, 6 lines long; segments oblong, inequilateral, deeply introflected, the ex-
tremities descending into the tube; in estivation they are sinistrorsely convoluted into a
small oval knob 2 lines long; stamens seated in the middle of the tube upon 5 longi-
tudinal pilose lines; anthers acuminate, with 2 slender aristiform basal prongs; disk
tubular, fleshy, 5-grooved, 5-crenulate, half the length of the 2 free, oblong, puberulous
ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character.

6. ANACAMPTA HIRTULA, nob.: Tabernemontana hirtula, Mart.; Müll. l. c. p. 73, tab. 24. Ad Rio
Orinoco (Spruce 3660) ; Santarem, Rio Amazonas (Spruce 2474): v. s. in hb. meo Rio Casiquiare
(Spruce 3175), Santarem (Spruce 233, sub 7. pilifera).

A lank species, well represented in the drawing cited. Branches fuscous, fistulose,
sharply 4-angular, hirsutulous or subglabrous, lenticellated, with axils 1-2} in. apart;
leaves oblong-elliptie, acute at both ends, subinequilateral, margins subrevolute, char-
taceous, very glabrous, pale green above, yellowish opake beneath, with prominulent
patently divaricated nerves terminating in the margin, immersed reticulated veins,
5-10 in. long, 12-34 in. broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long, fossated at the base,
there hooded, leaving a deep oblong hollow, and conjoined across the node by a trans-
verse ridge; panicles lateral and solitary at the nodes, 3 in. long, on a deflected, com-
pressed peduncle 2 in. long, or shorter, bifid at the summit, each branch bearing several
approximated flowers on pedicels 2 lines long, shortly bracteolated; sepals ovate, imbri-
cated, 13 line long, each furnished at its base with very numerous acute scales; tube of
corolla cylindrical, spirally twisted, 5 lines long; segments obliquely oblong, 4j lines
long, deeply introplicated and convoluted sinistrorsely, forming in swstivation a knob
2 lines long; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; disk cylindrical, sulcate,
crenate on the margin, pilose, shorter than the oblong glabrous ovaries.

RHIGOSPIRA *.

A group of plants differing from Anacampta in the rigid segments of the corolla—
which are erect, and simply convoluted in a pyramidal form in «estivation: their leaves

* From prydw (rigesco), oreipa (spira), because of the rigidly pyramidal form of the border of the corolla in
estivation.

K 2

68 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

are generally very large, rigid, upon short stout petioles, deeply and hoodingly fossate
at the base.

Ruicosrrra, nob.: Tabernemontane sectio Stenocephalium, et Ambellania (in parte), Müller. Sepala
ovata, interdum majuscula, valde imbricata, erecta, imo in cupulam brevissimam connata, intus
squamulis numerosis 1-2 serialibus munita. Corolla tubulosa, mediocris ; tubus imum versus sub-
dilatatus ; segmenta tubo paullo breviora, anguste oblonga, erecta, in zestivatione simpliciter et sinis-
trorsum convoluta. Stamina basin versus ad contractionem tubi inserta, inclusa ; filamenta brevis-
sima; anthere acuminate, conniventes, imo breviter et obtusule bifurcate. Discus cylindricus,
carnosus, sepe hispidulus, 5-sulcatus, ovariis paullo brevior. Ovaria 2, oblonga, libera; stylus

brevissimus; clavuncula incrassata, cylindrica, imo peltatim membranacea. Stigmata 2, subulata,
terminalia.

Suffrutices Brasilienses, plerumque Amazonici, rigescentes ; rami sepius angulati et fistulosi ; folia

oblonga, breviter petiolata ; petioli crassi imo profunde cucullatim fossati; panicul laterales, breves,
dense pluriflore ; flores mediocres.

1. RHIGOSPIRA QUADRANGULARIS, nob.: Ambellania quadrangularis, Müll. l. c. p. 18: Hancornia macro-
phylla, Spruce MS. In Amazonas, v. s. in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3026).

The branches are acutely 4-angled, 3 lines thick, sparsely verruculose, very fistulose, `
with remote axils; leaves oblong, rather acute at the base, rounded at the summit,
rigidly chartaceous, undulately subplicate, margins subrevolute, dark reddish green
above, opake, suleated along the broad midrib, with about 12 pairs of spreading nerves,
arcuately conjoined at the margin, with very numerous transverse veins much reticu-
lated, ferruginously yellow and opake beneath, the midrib very prominent and angular,
suleate along the prominulent nerves, the surfaee spotted with large fuscous patches,
9 in. long, 34—4 in. broad, on stout rigid petioles 1 in. long, striately angular beneath,
channelled above, with a short, broad, hooded, basal fosset, their margins conjoined
across the node by a prominent ridge; panicle terminal, 5 in. long, spreading above to
the same extent, on a bare 4-angular peduncle 3 in. long, trichotomously branched
above, branches bare at the base for 1 in., each again trichotomously and shortly divided,
the rays severally supporting about 4 subumbellate flowers, on pedicels 2—3 lines long;
sepals acute, $ line long; tube of corolla 3 lines long, swelling a little above the base,
gradually narrowing to the mouth, lined within for 3 of its length with 5 densely pilose
lines; segments linear oblong, obtuse, 3 lines long, erect, simply convoluted sinistrorsely
and somewhat spirally in «estivation, rigid; stamens enclosed, seated in the basal con-
traction of the tube; anthers acuminate, with 2 obtuse incurving basal prongs; disk
cylindrical, striate, crenulate on the margin, enclosing 2 oblong ovaries of its own length;
style very short; clavuncle oblong, incrassated with a basal peltate membrane; stigma
shortly subulate, terminal.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate X. A.

2. RHIGOSPIRA VENULOSA, nob.: Hancornia macrophylla, Spruce MS.: Ambellania macrophylla, Müll.
l. c. p. 18. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2483).

Miúller's specific name is not adopted, in order to avoid confusion with another plant

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 69

so named by Spruce. It has terete branches, with axils about 2 in. apart; leaves elliptic,
subacute at both ends, chartaceous, margins revolute, opake green above, sulcate along
the midrib, with more than 50 pairs of prominulent patent parallel nerves arcuately
conjoined within the margin, and fine intermediate reticulated veins, ferruginously
opake beneath, sulcate along the immersed nerves, 4-6 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on
channelled petioles 4-5 lines long, deeply fossate at the base, with a hooded margin,
angular beneath, and conjoined across the nodes by a transverse ridge; panicle terminal,
3 in. long, on a bare peduncle 9 lines long, with several short branches, each supporting
3 flowers 14 in. long, on bracteolated pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long,
each with numerous lanceolate minute inner scales; tube of corolla narrower in the
throat, 8 lines long, gradually broader towards the base, 8 lines long, densely pilose for
3 its length from the mouth; segments obtusely oblong, 4 lines long, simply sinistrorsely
twisted in an obtusely pyramidal form in «estivation; stamens included, inserted at the
foot of the pilose ring; anthers acuminate, with 2 obtuse short. basal prongs; disk annular,
5-grooved, half the length of the 2 oblong ovaries; rest as in the generic character.

3. RHIGOSPIRA PAUCIFOLIA, nob. : Tabernemontana paucifolia, Spruce; Müll. L. c. p. 87. In Amazonas:
v. s. in herb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2564).

This much resembles the typical species in habit and inflorescence. Its rugous
branches are stout and fistulose; its leaves, fuscous and of a reddish hue, are obovate,
subacute at the base, obtusely pointed at the apex, flaccidly chartaceous, with parallel
divergent nerves terminating in the sinuosities of the margin, ferruginously reddish and
opake beneath, with prominent fuscous midrib, nerves, and transverse very reticulate
veins, 33-64 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, upon stoutish petioles 5-9 lines long, which are angu-
lar beneath, deeply fossate at the base, the hollow being margined by an elevated hooded
rim, and are connected across the node by a transverse ridge; panicles terminal in the
younger branchlets, 23 in. long, on a bare peduncle 14 in. long, with an almost capitate
head of several flowers, on close spreading branches bare at the base, each bearing 6 or 7
flowers on pedicels 14 line long, supported by short acute bracteoles; sepals ovate, 1 line
long, ciliolated on the margins, with several inner basal scales; tube of corolla 3 lines
long; the segments oblong, 6 lines long, erect, and simply contorted sinistrorsely in æsti-
vation; stamens inserted above the base of the tube upon pilose lines; disk cylindrical,
thickish, 5-grooved, hirsutulous, very little shorter than 2 free ovaries.

4. RHIGOSPIRA RETICULATA, nob.: Tabernemontana reticulata, A. DC. l. c. p. 366; Müll. l. c. p. 87,
tab. 27. fig. 2. In Bahia (Blanchet 2336 ; Riedel 445) : non vidi.

A species with stout, rigid, subcinereous branches, 4-angular at the apex, branchlets
glabrous; leaves patent, obovate, subacute at the base, rounded or obtuse, and mucronu-
late at the summit, with conspicuous nerves and reticulated veins, 3-53 in. long,
2-38 in. broad, on petioles 43-6 lines long, broad and fossate at the base; panicle
terminal, on a peduncle 14 in. long, verruculous, with several short subumbellate
branches 23-33 lines long, each bearing several close flowers 2-1 in. long, on pedicels
4 lines long; sepals obtuse, 13 line long, ciliolated, with very numerous lanceolate

70 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

2-serial basal scales; tube of corolla 6 lines long; segments inequilaterally oblong, sinis-
trorsely convoluted; stamens included; disk cylindrical, crenulate on the margin, half
as long as the 2 ovate, pilose ovaries.

5. RHIGOSPIRA SPRUCEI, nob.: Tabernemontana Sprucei, Müll. /. c. p. 86, tab. 27. fig. 1. In Amazonas:
v. s. in herb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2594).

A species well represented in the drawing cited. Its branches, somewhat slender and
verruculose, have axils ¿-13 in. apart; its ovate, subflaccid leaves are 34-44 in. long,
2-21 in. broad, on rather slender petioles 6-10 lines long, shortly and deeply fossate at the
base, the hollow margined by a hooded edge, and connected across the node by a trans-
verse ridge; panicle terminal, 4 in. long, on a bare peduncle 2 in. long, trichotomous at
its apex, with branches bare for 1 in. and bearing few flowers at their summits, on pedi-
cels 21 lines long, supported by bracteoles 1 line long; sepals ovate, obtuse, imbricate, _
subscabridulous, with several inner imbricated scales at the base; tube of corolla cylin-
drical, 5 lines long, pilose in the mouth; segments oblong, subinequilateral, 5 lines long,
21 lines broad, subscabridulous within, erect and simply contorted sinistrorsely in sesti-
vation; stamens included, seated on a retrorsely pilose ring a little above the base of
the tube; anthers coherent, acuminate, with 2 acute basal prongs; disk eylindrical,
thickish, 5-sulcate, densely pilosulous, nearly concealing 2 free ovaries; style short, with
an incrassated clavuncle.

6. RuicosPIRA sINUOSA, nob.: Tabernemontana Sprucei (in parte), Müll. l. c. p. 86. In Amazonas: v. s.
in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3693).

A species differing from the preceding in its larger, more rigid leaves, with extremely
sinuous margins, always very rounded at the apex, and a more copious inflorescence.
The leaves are very acute at the base, sulcate along the midrib, the prominulent fine
divergent nerves terminating in the hollow of each sinus, ferruginously and granularly
opake beneath, with dark rubiginous prominulent nerves and immersed reticulated
veins, 4-6 in. long, 24-3 in. broad, on stout channelled petioles 2-1 in. long, shortly and
deeply fossate at the base, the fosset surrounded by an elevated hooded edge, partly
amplexicaul and connected across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle terminal, 4 in.
long, upon an angular fuscous peduncle, spotted with small yellow lenticels, bare at
its base for 24 in., supporting several approximated, lenticellate, spreading branches
bracteolated at the base, bare for 3-6 lines, and bearing several congested flowers -
on pedicels 2-3 lines long, supported by oval bracteoles 1 line long; sepals obtusely
ovate, 13 line long, fusco-pruinose, ciliated on the margins, furnished within at the base
with subobsolete scales and ciliated hairs; tube of corolla cylindrical, a little swollen at
the base, 3 lines long, with a pilose ring in the mouth; segments fleshy, oblong, sub- `
auricular at the base, erect, and simply convoluted sinistrorsely in æstivation, 5 lines _
long; stamens included, inserted above the base of the tube on 5 pilose lines ; anthers
acuminate, with 2 slender aristiform basal prongs; disk cylindrical, thickish, -grooved —
pilose round the margin, and concealing 2 free ovaries; style short, with an incrassated —
clavuncle.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 71

7. RHIGOSPIRA TERNSTRŒMIACEA, nob.: Tabernemontana (?) ternstremiacea, Müll. 1. c. p. 88. In Ama-
zonas: v. s. in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3035).

A very peculiar plant, which from its compact habit, its large rigid leaves, its dense
flowers and larger sepals than usual, might lead to a supposition of its being the type of
a distinct genus, as indeed Müller intimated ; but these features ought only to be regarded
as extreme manifestations of the normal characters of Rhigospira. The branch, 4 lines
thick, is covered by a fuscous pruinose bark, marked by numerous raised longitudinal
ridges connected by transverse muriform lines; and this is lined inside with a stratum
of wood 3 line thick, leaving the centre broadly fistulose; the axils are rather close and
somewhat dilated; leaves spreading, ovate oblong, suddenly acute upon the petiole,
rounded at the summit, thickly coriaceous, very glabrous, with revolute margins, midrib
broad and carinate, prominent spreading nerves that terminate in the margin, immersed
transverse reticulated veins, yellowish opake beneath, with prominent midrib and nerves,
6-9 in. long, 3-5 in. broad, on stout curving petioles 6-9 lines long, which are deeply
fossate within a hooded elevation, and conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge ;
panicle lateral, 2 in. long, with a congested head of flowers upon a bare deflected
peduncle 9 lines long, supporting several short branches, each bearing 3-5 flowers on
crowded, bracteolated, short, angular pedicels 1 line long, the bracts 4 lines long, 2 lines
broad, adpressed, coriaceous; sepals 5, linear oblong, fuscous red, subcoriaceous, erect,
very imbricated, unequal, 4-5 lines long, 2-24 lines broad, the two exterior shortest,
margin pale and undulated, each with very numerous, small, lanceolate scales, in 2 series,
within at the base; tube of corolla not quite developed, cylindrical, angular, fleshy,
shortly and suddenly broadened at the base, 7 lines long; segments oblong, fleshy, sub-
inequilateral, 7 lines long, 3 lines broad, erect, and sinistrorsely convoluted in estivation ;
stamens inserted upon the basal constriction of the tube, 14 line long, acuminate,
obtusely cordate at the base, upon short filaments; disk annular, free, crenate on the
margin, half as long as the 2 oblong, pointed, glabrous ovaries.

PHRISSOCARPUS.

A genus proposed for a plant from the Rio Negro, with thick, angular, fistulose
branches, and rigid coriaceous leaves on short broad petioles deeply and hoodingly
. fossate at the base, a short lateral inflorescence, with flowers much resembling those of
Anacampta, but differing in its follicles, which are muricated, as in Peschiera.

PnumissocagPUs, nob.: Tabernemontane sp., Müll. Sepala 5, subparva, obtuse ovata, crassa, margine
membranaceo ciliata, imbricata, singulatim squamula trifida intus munita. Corolla tubulosa ; tubus
eylindricus, ad medium angustior; segmenta triplo breviora, dolabriformia, intus puberula, in «estiva-
tione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina ad annulum retrorse pilosum in constrictionem

` tubi insita, inclusa ; filamenta brevissima, retrorse pilosa ; anthere lineares, acuminate, conniventes,
imo acute breviter bifurcatz. Discus tubulosus, margine ciliatus, liber. Ovaria 2, conice oblonga,
quam discus 2plo longiora. Stylus simplex, stamina attingens ; clavuncula incrassata, cylindrica, imo
membrana peltata donata. Stigmata 2, subulata, terminalia. Folliculi 2, semiovati, crebre echinati ;

72 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER.

semina plurima, obovata, apice subacuta, valde compressa, dorso crebre aspere striata, ventre concava,
medio hilifera, et hinc funiculo carnoso suspensa.

Frutex Brasiliensis; rami crassi, angulati, fistulosi, cum axillis remotis; folia majuscula, rigida,
oblonga, cum petiolis crassis brevibus fossatis ; panicula lateralis, brevis, crasse pedunculata, breviter

pluriramosa, ramis 2-3-floris.

PunissocARPUS RIGIDUS, nob.: Tabernemontana macrophylla, Müll. (non Poir.) Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxvi.
p. 75: Peschiera muricata, Benth. (non A. DC.). In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Rio
Negro (Spruce 1470).

A well-marked species, with very large leaves, which are unequal at the base, rigidly
coriaceous, margins recurved, above fuscous green, opake, minutely corrugulated, with
convex interspaces between the sulcate patently divergent nerves arcuately con-
joined near the margin, beneath opake ochreous, with very prominent thick reddish
midrib and nerves, 83-113 in. long, 31-53 in. broad, on thick petioles only 2 lines long,
deeply channelled, with a hooded elevated margin, deeply fossate at the base, and
connected across the node by a transverse ridge. Panicle short, erect, lateral at the
node, on an obsoletely pubescent stoutish peduncle 9 lines long, very shortly and rather
closely branched, each branch bearing 2-3 flowers on stoutish pedicels 12 line long,
supported by a shorter ovate bract ciliolated on the margin; sepals rounded ovate,
distinct, 1 line long, with an inner basal 5-fid scale; tube of corolla (in bud) 7 lines long,
cylindrical, suddenly narrowed in the middle; segments of the border rhomboidally dola-
briform, 3 lines long, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens inserted in the contraction of
the tube, on a retrorsely pilose ring; anthers, disk, style, and clavuncle as in the generie
character. Follicles gibbously oval, 1 in. long, 5 lines broad, with a thickly coriaceous
pericarp, densely echinated as in Peschiera, dehiscing along the convex ventral suture;
seeds not numerous, oblong, somewhat pointed at the apex, 5 lines long, 21 lines broad,
longitudinally striated with several asperulous lines, subeompressed, channelled on the
ventral face, where they are attached to a pallid fleshy funicle.

A representation of this species, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seed are
shown in Plate IX. a.

CoDoNEMMA *.

This genus is proposed for a few plants from the Rio Negro and Guiana, the type of
which is the Tubernemontana calycina of Spruce (T. Benthamiana bis of Müller). They
are distinguished by their large leaves and their inflorescence, the chief peculiarity of
which consists in a large campanular calyx, cleft halfway down into 5 oblong imbricated
divisions, the fleshy tubular portion being furnished within with numerous lanceolate
scales, arranged in several series.

Coponemma, nob.: Calyx majusculus, tubuloso-campanulatus, superne ad medium in lobos 5 subacutos,
oblongo-lanceolatos, margine membranaceos, erectos, subinzequales fissus, intus basin versus squamulis

* From xúdwv (campana), čppa (vestis), on account of its bell-shaped calyx,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEEX. 73

numerosis in seriebus 2-4 munitus. Corolle tubus cylindricus, paullo sub medio constrictus,
calyce sesqui longior; segmenta 5, breviora, rotundato-dolabriformia, «wstivatione simpliciter sinis-
trorsum convoluta. Stamina inclusa ; filamenta brevissima, ad constrictionem tubi inserta; anthere
graciles, subliberz, imo longiuscule biaristatze, apice cuspidate, conniventes. Stylus tenuis, stamina
attingens; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, profunde 5-sulcata, imo membranaceo-appendiculata ;
stigmata 2, brevissime linearia. Discus cylindricus, adnatus, profunde 15-suleatus, margine obtuse
15-dentatus. Ovaria 2, acute oblonga, sulcata, disco 2plo longiora. Folliculi 2, oblongo-ovati,
divaricati, apice recurvatim rostrati, rugulosi.

Frutices in America meridionali vigentes, ramulis crassis, ad nodos compressis; folia majuscula,
oblonga, brevissime et crasse petiolata, petiolis oppositis, imo fossatis, marginibus linea transversali
conjunctis ; panicule ad nodos unilaterales; pedunculus apice ramosus, ramis 2-floris; flores
pedicellati.

1. CODONEMMA CALYCINUM, nob.: Tabernemontana calycina, Spruce, MS. (non Wall): Taberne-
montana Benthamiana (bis), Müll. l. c. p. 70. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et Mus. Brit, San
Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2110).

A plant bearing much the appearance of Anacampta angulata, especially in its deeply
fossate petioles. The branches are trigonous, dilated at the axils, which are 24-34 in.
apart; the leaves are very oblong, subcuneate and insequilateral at their base, con-
stricted at the apex into a narrow acumen 1 in, in length; they are chartaceous, bright
green above, sulcate at the 24 pairs of divergent immersed nerves, which terminate in
the reflected margins, paler and yellowish opake below, midrib and nerves prominent,
with transversely reticulated veins, 15 in. long, 3-31 in. broad, on stout channelled
petioles 3 lines long, deeply fossate at the base and conjoined across the nodes by a
transverse ridge; panicle lateral, fixed 4 lines above each node, on a peduncle barely
1 in. long, bearing 8 or 10 flowers on branchlets 1-2 lines apart, each supporting
2 flowers and 2 bracteoles at its apex, on pedicels 3 lines long; calyx tubular at its base,
9 lines long, divided above into 5 obtuse lobes 3 lines long, the tubular portion being
fleshy, and furnished inside with numerous lanceolate scales in several series; the tube
of the corolla in bud is as long as the calyx, the segments somewhat shorter, very gib-
bously ovate, sinistrorsely convolute in «estivation; stamens and disk as in the generic
character.

A drawing of this species, and the analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate VIII. B.

2. CODONEMMA MACROCALYX, nob.: Tabernemontana (Odontadenia) macrocalyz, Müll. in Linn. xxx. 403.
In Guiana ad Acarouari (Sagot 394) : non vidi.

A species near the preceding. It is a tall shrub, with subscandent branchlets, very
compressed at the nodes; leaves ovate, sometimes acuminate, suddenly constricted at
the base upon the petiole, subchartaceous, patent, pale green on both sides, with about
12 pairs of divergent nerves, 63-8 in. long, 34-44 in. broad, on thick, short, channelled
petioles 14-2 lines long, fossate at the base, their margins conjoined across the node by
a transverse ridge; panicle axillary or terminal, bearing several reddish-yellow odo-
riferous flowers on a peduncle 9-12 lines long; calyx 7i lines long, tubular at its
base, and divided halfway down into 5 oblong obtuse lobes, bearing within, at the base,
several lanceolate scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, slender, twice the length of the
calyx; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; disk cylindrical, adnate, deeply pluri-

L

74 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

crenate on the margin; 2 ovate-oblong follicles are described as divaricately reflexed,
and acutely recurved at the apex, rugulose.

STEMMADENIA.

This genus was established by Mr. Bentham in 1844, for a few handsome trees with
large yellow or white campanular flowers, distinguished by a calyx of 5 large imbrieated
sepals, furnished inside at their base with numerous (near 100) small lanceolate scales,
closely arranged in several series, which gave rise to the generic name. To this genus I
have referred the Tabernemontana grandiflora of Jacquin, which fully accords in its
characters with the typical species. Miss Drahe's drawing in Mr. Bentham's plate 44
correctly represents the flower with the border-segments convoluted sinistrorsely, as I
have found them in all the other species examined by me; and so it is rightly stated in
Mr. Bentham's generie character; but in a note he adds, by mistake, that Miss Drahe
had erred in this respect in her drawing.

STEMMADENIA, Benth.: Tabernemontane sp., Jacq.: Odontostigma, Rich. (non Zoll): Sepala 5,
majuscula, obtuse oblonga, inequalia, quorum 3 exteriora breviora, bracteolis 2 suffulta, sub-
membranacea, intus squamulis lanceolatis numerosissimis pluriseriatis munita. Corolle tubus calyce
2plo longior, latiuscule cylindricus, imo paullulo latior, superne campanulatim ampliatus; seg-
menta 5, ampla, oblique rotundata aut dolabriformia, in zestivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta.
Stamina 5, infra medium tubi subsessilia ; anthere subcoherentes, cuspidatee, imo furcis 2 acutis aut
obtusiusculis armate. Discus e lobis 5, marginibus confluentibus, apice crenulatis, suburceolatus,
ovaria semitegens. Ovaria 2, distincta, oblonga. Stylus simpliciter teres; clavuncula incrassata,
5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata munita. Stigmata 2, terminalia, parva, subglobosa. Folliculi 2
(sec. Jacq.), valde divaricati, subcompresse ovati, retrorsum rostrati. Semina Tabernemontane.

Arbuscule intertropice, plerumque Mexicane ; folia opposita, elliptica, petiolata ; racemi breves,
pauciflori, in dichotomiis foliorum terminales ; flores majusculi, speciosi, flavi aut albi.

l. STEMMADENIA GLABRA, Benth. Bot. Sulph. 425, tab. 44. In America centrali, sinu Fonseca (Hinds) :
non vidi.

A plant with erect stoutish branches and bifurcated branchlets, without stipules;
leaves opposite, obovate, obtuse at the base, with a short, suddenly acute constriction at
the apex, membranaceous, with subundulate margins, glabrous, green above, more pallid
below, costa and 12-16 pairs of nerves prominulent, 5-6 in. long, 21-3 in. broad, on
petioles 2—4 lines long, sulcate, with the margins conjoined by a transverse ridge across
the node; panicle oh seated in the dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle erect,
1 in. long, bearing 3-5 large handsome flowers, on pedicels 4-6 lines long, minutely
bracteolated at the base; sepals 5, unequal, 2 inner oblong, nearly an inch long, 3 outer
more ovate and shorter, very imbricate, erect, furnished inside with near 100 lanceo-
late scales closely arranged in 2 series, supported at the base by 2 membranaceous oval
bracts 3 lines long. Corolla tubular, nearly 3 in. long; tube 21 lines long, narrower in
the lower half, suddenly swelling above into a broader but tubular form, and 7 lines
wide in the mouth, below which are 5 longitudinal plicatures alternate with the stamens;
segments gibbously oval, crenulate, 14 lines long, 12 lines broad, sinistrorsely con-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 75

volute in sestivation; stamens seated on the contraction in the middle of the tube, on
5 longitudinal pilose lines; filaments short, glabrous; anthers acute, with 2 some-
what shortish acute basal prongs; disk very short, sub-10-lobed, embracing the base of
2 pointed oblong ovaries for about a quarter of their length; style, clavuncle, and stig-
mata as in the generic character.

2. STEMMADENIA PUBESCENS, Benth. /. c. p. 125; Bignonia ? obovata, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy.
p. 439. Realejo, Mexico: non vidi.

An arborescent species, very near the preceding, with obovate leaves subacute at the
base, shortly acuminate, glabrous above, membranaceous, margins entire, below very
rigidly pubescent on the obliquely parallel nerves and reticulated veins, 4-6 in. long,
on short petioles; racemes terminal, with few flowers 2-3 in. long, on short pedicels ;
5 unequal oblong sepals, the 3 outer ones shorter; tube of corolla three times
as long as the sepals, swelling above; an expanded border of 5 large, broad, roundish
segments.

3. STEMMADENIA MOLLIS, Benth. l. c. p. 125. In Guayaquil: non vidi.

A species with terete dichotomous branchlets, angular, pubescent; leaves obovate-
oblong, narrowed at the base, pubescent above, tomentous below, 4-5 in. long, 14—24 in.
broad, on very short petioles ; sepals as in the preceding species, the outer ones and the
bracteoles pubescent; corolla 3 in. long; tube longer than in the foregoing, more
cylindrical, and less inflated.

4. STEMMADENIA GRANDIFLORA, NOb.: Tabernemontana grandiflora, Jacq. Am. p. 40, tab. 31, (edit. 8vo)
p. 51; Linn. Mant. p. 53; Lam. Dict. vii. 528; Tllust. tab. 170. fig. 2 (icon. Jacq. reduct.) ; A. DC.
Prodr. viii. p. 368; Benth. in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 243; in Pl. Hartw. p. 167. no. 1275; Seem. Bot.
Her. p. 167; Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 3226. In Cartagena, Panama et Guiana (sec. Seem. l. c.) : in hb.
Hook. Surinam (Hostmann), Venezuela (Linden), Nov. Granada (Linden, Cuming 1124); v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. Panama (Seemann), Guiana (Sagot 389, Schomb. 767).

A tree 8 feet high, with laetescent branches and dichotomous branchlets; leaves
elliptic-oblong, cuneate at the base, with a linear reeurved acumen, entire, smooth, mem-
branaceous, green above, with very slender nerves arcuately ascending, paler below, the
reddish nerves scarcely prominulent, subimmersed, veins reticulated, 21-41 in. long,
3-14 in. broad, on slender sulcate petioles 2-3 lines long; a short panicle seated in the
dichotomy of the branchlets, on a peduncle 3 lines long, bifurcate, its branchlets being
4 lines long, with several alternate small bracteoles and flowers mostly caducous, the
terminal one supporting a single pedicellated flower (rarely 2-flowered); pedicel 2-4 lines
long; bracts 1 or 2 beneath the calyx, equally long, foliaceous, truncate at the base;
sepals large, membranaceous, very imbricate, 3 interior narrower, oblong, 8 lines
long, 2 exterior double their breadth, truncate at their base, pointed, 5 lines long,
all furnished at their base inside with numerous approximated pectinate scales
united in a ring; corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical, 13 in. long, a little swollen
and plicate below the mouth; segments of border inequilaterally obovate, or dola-

hriform, expanded, sinistrorsely convolute in estivation; stamens rather long, slender,
L 2

76 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

seated above the middle of the tube, their anthers free, biaristate at the base, their
acuminate summits nearly reaching the mouth; disk of 5 roundish membranaceous
lobes, connate below the margin, 4 the length of 2 free obovate ovaries; style shortly
bifid at the base, simple above; clavuncle thickish, submembranaceously expanded at its
base; 2 apical slender stigmata; 2 follicles globosely oblong, divaricately reflexed, with
a recurved beak at the apex, 13 in. long, 10 lines broad, with numerous seeds, as in the
other species, half-immersed in fleshy funicles.

This fine species bears all the characters of a Stemmadenia, and is extremely different
from a true Tabernemontana.

5. STEMMADENIA INSIGNIS, nob.: Tabernemontana laurifolia, Schott, MS. (non Linn. nec Ker). Arbo-
rescens, ramulis teretibus, pallidis, glabris, striolatis: foliis oppositis, oblongis, utrinque acutis,
chartaceis, supra leete viridibus, opacis, sub lente minute granulosis, nervis plurimis, tenuibus, sub-
patenter divaricatis, semiimmersis, subtus pallidioribus, costa nervisque flavidis subprominulis;
petiolis subtenuibus, limbo 10plo brevioribus: paniculis in ramulis novellis terminalibus, spicati-
floris ; pedicellis imo et apice bracteolatis, bracteis ovatis, sessilibus; sepalis 5, majusculis, oblongis,
subpetaloideis, valde imbricatis, parallele nervosis, intus ad basin squamulis numerosissimis creber-
rimis munitis; corolle tubo elongato cylindrico, supra medium subinfundibuliformi; limbi seg-
mentis inzquilateris, oblique rotundatis, valde expansis, in sestivatione sinistrorsum convolutis; `
staminibus paullo infra medium tubi insertis, acuminatis, basi breviter 2-lobatis, subsessilibus ;
disco precedentium, ovariis 2 acute ovatis cireumdato ; stylo, clavuncula et stigmatibus generis. In
Mexico: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. in Merida cult. (Schott 430).

A handsome species, near the preceding, cultivated in Merida under the name of
“laurel,” Its branchlets are rather stout, with axils about 4 in. apart; the leaves are
3153 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; peduncle less than 1 in.
long; pedicels 9 lines long; bracts ronndish oblong, 2-3 lines long; unequal sepals
6-8 lines long, 2-3 lines broad; tube of corolla 1£ in. long, narrower at the base for the
length of 9 lines, somewhat funnel-shaped above, 1 in. broad in the mouth, 3 in. broad
at the expanded, border; segments 1 in. long, 2 in. broad. "The shape and size of the
follicles are not given; but the seeds seem partially invested with a fleshy covering, as
the birds are said to devour them greedily.

A figure of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are exhibited in Plate X. B.

6. STEMMADENIA GALEOTTIANA, nob.: Odontostigma Galeottianum, Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. xi. 868,
tab. 56; Walp. Ann. v. 478. Cuba, circ. Havana in sylvis: non vidi.

A tall tree, with slender dichotomous branchlets; opposite leaves oblong, acute at the
base, summits acuminate, membranaceous, entire, with divergent nerves, 4l in. long,
2 in. broad, on petioles 4 lines long; panicle terminal in the dichotomy of the branchlets,
bearing 3-6 large, handsome, yellow, odoriferous flowers; peduncle 6 lines long; pedicels
3 lines long; sepals 5, obtusely oblong, unequal in breadth, membranaceous, laxly im-
bricate, with a smaller oval bract at the base, and furnished inside with very numerous
lanceolate scales in 2 series; corolla broadish-tubular, 2 in. long, narrower within the
calyx, the border-segments obliquely inequilateral, roundish, horizontally expanded,
1 in. long and broad, sinistrorsely convolute in sestivation; stamens acute, obtusely

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 77

bilobed at the base, seated in the contraction of the tube below and alternate with
5 long glands or plicatures of the tube, as in the typical species; disk of 5 connate glands,
forming a short tube with a crenate margin, round the base of 2 much longer, free,
oblong, pointed ovaries; style slender, terete; clavuncle thick, deeply 5-grooved, with a
basal umbraculiform appendage; stigmata short and globose.

7. STEMMADENIA BELLA, nob.: ramulis teretibus, dichotomis : foliis elliptico-ovatis, sepius conduplicatis,
imo acutis, apice recurvatim subito acuminatis, submembranaceis, supra profunde viridibus, opacis,
nervis tenuibus vix prominulis; petiolis brevibus, supra planis: racemis opposite axillaribus, vel in
dichotomiis ramorum solitariis; pedunculo fere folii longitudine, pene a basi alternifloro ; pedicellis
validis, medio et sub calyce bracteolatis; sepalis oblongis, obtusis, membranaceis, medio cras-
sioribus, insequalibus, valde imbricatis, intus squamulis numerosissimis acute lanceolatis crebre
2—3-seriatis munitis; corolla tubulosa; tubo (parte intra calycem) angustato, superne subcampanu-
lato; segmentis oblique rotundatis, reflexis, in :estivatione sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus ad
contractionem tubi insertis sub lineis 5 pilosis, inclusis; antheris sagittatis; disco annulari, margine
vix crenulato, ovariis 2 acutis 1 breviore; stylo subbrevi; clavuncula dilatatim oblonga, imo mem-
brana donata; stigmatibus brevissimis. In Mexico: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Mexico (Brotero 884).

The axils are thickened and 1-13 in. apart; the leaves are 3-5 in. long, 11-3 in.
broad, on petioles 3-5 lines long; peduncle 4 in. long, floriferous nearly to the base;
flowers 1-2 lines apart; pedicels thick, 3—4 lines long; bract 2 lines long; sepals

5-6 lines long, 2 lines broad; tube of corolla 10 lines long, the contracted basal portion

4 lines long; segments 6 lines long and broad.

8. STEMMADENIA BIGNONLEFLORA, nob. : Echites bignonieflora, Schl. in Linn. xxvi. p. 372. In Mexico:
non vidi.

A handsome species, bearing all the characters of this genus. It is a branching shrub,
with somewhat slender branchlets, dilated at the axils, with a transverse ridge support-
ing several prominent stipules, the stems verruculated with broadly oval white lenticels ;
leaves lanceolately elliptie, acute at both extremities, green, glabrous, with pellucid
yellow edges, with 10-12 pairs of arcuately conjoined nerves and reticulated veins,
paler beneath, 4 in. long, 1$ in. broad, on broad petioles with membranaceous edges
3-4 lines long; short racemes at the ends of 2 young axillary branchlets, consisting of
2 pedicellated flowers, upon a short peduncle; pedicels bracteolated at the base; sepals 5,
unequal, 6-7 lines long, very imbricated, 2 exterior acutely ovate, 3 interior broader,
glabrous, furnished within at the base with a corona of dense small acute scales in
2 series; tube of corolla narrowed at the base, funnel-shaped above, more than 1 in.
long, with deltoid segments of nearly the same length; stamens seated in a pilose ring
above the bottom of the tube, upon 5 long pilose lines; anthers 23 lines long, acutely
hastate; disk cupular, sub-5-lobed, shorter than the 2 ovaries; style simple; clavuncle
subcapitate, terminated by 2 short stigmata.

Species excluded :—
Stemmadenia Guatemalensis, Müller = Malouetia Panamensis, Müll.

78 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

MERIZADENIA *.

This genus is proposed for a few South-American plants uniform in their characters,
the type of which is the Tabernemontana Sananho of the * Flora Peruviana.’ They are
tall trees, with an erect trunk, a branching head with large leaves, all yielding an
abundant milky juice.

MERIZADENIA, nob.: Calyx parvus. Sepala 5, ovata, erecta, imbricata, singulatim squamula 2-dentata
intus munita. Corolla anguste infundibuliformis; tubus cylindricus, supra medium paullo ventri-
cosus, et hinc spiraliter 5-nervosa; segmenta spathulato-oblonga, obtusa, obliqua, tubi fere longi-
tudine, latere dextro mucronulata et hinc sub estivationem subito introplicata, apicibus faucem fere
attingentibus, et sinistrorsum convoluta, post expansionem extus omnino deflexa. Stamina in parte
ventricosa tubi inclusa, subbrevia; filamenta brevissima ` anthere in conum cohsrentes, apice
acuminate, imo tenuiter 2-furcatz. Discus 5-lobus, lobis erectis, obtusis, discretis. Ovaria 2, acute
oblonga, libera, disco paullo longiora; stylus simplex, tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, parvula, ad
antheras agglutinata; stigmata 2, minima, terminalia. Folliculi 2, globosi vel ovati, plus minusve
retrorsum rostrati, divaricatissimi, sutura ventrali longitudinali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, obo-
vata, dorso plurisulcata, nuda, ventre canaliculata, in sulci medio hilo notata, et hine funiculo pul-
poso affixa et ei semiimmersa, funiculis ad placentas suturales utrinque coh:erentibus.

Arbores Americe meridionalis; truncus crassus, erectus, ramosissimus ; folia opposita, majuscula,
oblonga, acuta, glabra, breviter petiolata; corymbi ad nodos solitarii, pedunculati, multiflori ;
pedunculus imo nudus, apice bis trichotome divisus; flores mediocres.

l. Menizapenta SANANHO, nob.: Tabernemontana Sananho, R. & P. Flor. Per. ii. 22, tab. 144; A. DC.
Prodr. viii. 363. In Peruvia: non vidi.

A tree nearly 40 feet high, with a spreading head, an erect trunk, and copious
branches, all yielding a copious milky juice. It has stoutish terete dichotomous branch-
lets, with axils 1} in. apart; leaves oblong, boatshaped, acute at the base, and with a long,
narrow, recurved point, repandly undulated at the margins, with prominent divergent
nerves and reticulated veins, 5-6 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, on stout subtetragonous petioles
3-5 lines long, thickened and fossate at the base, where they are conjoined across the
node by a prominent ridge. A single extra-axillary panicle at the nodes, 10-20-flowered,
13 in. long, on a stout peduncle 4 lines long, bearing several branchlets 2-3 lines long,
each supporting 3 flowers on stoutish pedicels 2 lines long, furnished with small, cordate,
rounded bracteoles; calyx 21 lines long, with 5 rounded sepals; corolla 13 in. long, pale
yellow, divided halfway into 5 segments; tube cylindrical, angularly striated; segments
spathulately oblong, gibbously rounded at the summit, with a strong, nearly median
nerve, suddenly and completely deflexed, 10 lines long, 6 lines broad; stamens smallish,
biaristate, inserted near the middle of the tube; 2 divaricated follicles subglobose,
stipitate at the base, with a short recurved apex, smooth, 2 in. long, 14 in. broad, con-
taining many dark obovate compressed seeds costately striated on the dorsal face,
6 lines long, half-imbedded in the fleshy funicles.

* From pepifw (divido), et adhr (glandula), on account of its divided disk.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 79

2. MERIZADENIA ARCUATA, nob.: Tabernemontana arcuata, R. & P. l. c. p. 22, tab. 143; A. DC. I. c.
p. 363. In Peruvia: non vidi.

A tree more than 60 feet high, with a spreading head; branchlets stoutish, dichoto-
mous, pallid, subcompressed, with axils 1 in. apart; leaves oblong or lanceolate oblong,
pointed at both ends, flat, patent, ¡with prominulent diverging nerves, 5-6 in. long,
132 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long, fossulate at the base, and conjoined by a
short transverse ridge; panicles 14 in. long, branching from the base; peduncles slender,
4 lines long, branched, alternately bracteolated, each bearing about 3 alternate flowers ;
on slender pedicels 3 lines long, furnished with a small acutely ovate bracteole ; sepals
acutely oblong, 1 line long; corolla pale yellow; tube cylindrical, 6 lines long; segments
spathulate-oblong, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad, deflexed; stamens inserted a little below
the base of the tube; disk of 5 small free glands; ovaries 2, free to the base, pointed ;
follicles large, divaricated, oblong, roundish, with an obtuse, reflexed apex, 2% in. long,
1} in. broad, containing many obovate seeds 4 lines long, dorsally costate, reddish, half-
imbedded in scarlet fleshy funicles.

3. MERIZADENIA AMPLITOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana macrophylla, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. p. 276 (non
Müll); A. DC. Prodr. viii. 374. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Martin), Guiana
(Pollard 10, sub 7. oblongifolia), Surinam (Hostmann).

A species near M. arcuata. Branches compressed, striolated, fistulous, with dilated
axils 2 or more inches apart; leaves elongate-oblong, acute at the base, broadish
above, suddenly constricted near the summit into a somewhat narrow acumen, un-
dulate and subrevolute at the margins, thinly chartaceous, glabrous, pale green above,
granularly rugous, suleate at the patently divaricate nerves, paler beneath, with
prominent midrib and 12 pairs of prominent nerves, 6-9 in. long, 24-34 in. broad, on
rather slender channelled petioles deeply fossulate at the base and conjoined across
the nodes, 3-5 lines long; panicles axillary; peduncles thick, angular, short, alter-
nately 3-branched, each branch bearing several approximated pedicellated flowers,
often geminate or subumbellate, its close prominent joints having a short caducous
bractlet; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals ovate, obtuse, submembranaceous, 2 lines long ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, 9 lines long; segments unequally oblong, obtuse, 7 lines
long, and quite deflexed, sinistrorsely convolute in «estivation, as in M. Sananho.

A. drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, are shown in

Plate XI. A.

ANARTIA *.

The plants of this small group much resemble in appearance many of the species of
Peschiera in having unequal pairs of leaves, and a depauperated inflorescence with a
salver-shaped corolla; but they differ notably in the longer and more linear form of its
segments, inflected downwards, as in Bonafousia, and convolute dextrorsely (not sinis-

* From ávdprios (imperfectus), because of its unequal leaves and impoverished inflorescence.

80 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

trorsely) in sestivation; they differ also in the position of the stamens, which are placed
in the upper portion of the tube (not in the lower), and in the peculiar form of its disk,
which, though distinct, is easily overlooked.

ANAaRTIA, nob.: Tabernemontane sp. auctorum. Sepala 5, parva, seepius lanceolata, intus ad basin
squamulis 2-3 minimis bidentatis munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus tenuiter cylindricus,
supra medium paullo inflatus, fauce constrictus ; segmenta 5, lineari-oblonga, tubo subbreviora, ad
medium subito introrsum flexa, et in :stivatione dextrorsum convoluta, demum expansa. Stamina
subsessilia, supra medium tubi in parte ventricosa inclusa; filamenta brevissima; anthere tenuiter
lineares, subdiscretee, imo breviter biaristatz, apice membrana acuta terminate. Discus cylindricus,
adnatus, truncatus, hyalinus, vix distinguendus. Ovaria 2, conice oblonga, disco 2plo longiora.
Stylus filiformis; clavuncula incrassata, breviter oblonga, 5-sulcata, imo appendice membranacea
munita; stigmata 2, breviter subulata.

Frutices Americe callidioris; rami graciles, sepius dichotomi ; folia opposita in quoque nodo valde
heterophylla, lanceolata aut oblonga, breviter petiolata; racemi axillares, breves; pedunculus sub-
brevis, crebriter cicatricosus, et e floribus lapsis sepe depauperatus ; flores persistentes pauci, pedicellati.

1. ANARTIA Meyers, nob.: Tabernemontana undulata, Mey. (non Vahl) Esseq. p. 135; A. DC. Le
p. 368: Tabernemontana Meyeri, Don, Dict. iv. 89. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. (sine flore)
Acarouari (Sagot 391, sub T. oblongifolia, DC., var. angustifolia).

A species certainly different from Vahl's plant, as its leaves are not undulated, its
sepals unequal, and the corolla pubescent in the throat, and its leaves are in very
unequal pairs. It is a shrub with subflexuous dichotomous branches, the branchlets
compressed, with remote axils. The leaves are oblong, acute at the base, constricted at
the summit by an obtuse linear acumen, firmly chartaceous, the margins somewhat
revolute, of a very pale green above, opake, with immersed patent nerves arcuately con-
joined within the margin, yellow and opake below, with immersed nerves, the unequal
pairs being 4 and 2 in. long, 7 and 4 lines broad, on channelled petioles 3 and 14 line long:
in the upper axils they are somewhat smaller, and in the same proportions. Meyer says
the inflorescence is terminal on a short peduncle, bearing 3 or 4 flowers on short pedicels,
each with a basal ovate obtuse concave bracteole; sepals unequal; corolla 1 in. long;
tube cylindrical, ventricose below the mouth, which is pubescent; segments oblique,
linear oblong, obtuse; anthers included below the mouth of the tube; disk not seen
(said to be none); ovaries conical; style simple; clavuncle incrassated, with a basal
membranaceous appendage. These characters are quite those of Anartia.

2. ANARTIA RECURVA, nOb.: Tabernemontana recurva, Sagot, MS. (non Roxb.): ramulis tenuissimis,
dichotomis, pallide brunneis, compressis, striolatis, stipula utrinque interpetiolari ad nodos rotun-
data adpressa membranacea donatis: foliis valde heterophyllis, patentibus vel deflexis, lanceolato-
oblongis, utrinque sensim valde acutis, marginibus subrevolutis, subchartaceis, supra pallide viridi-
bus, opacis, ad costam sulcatis, nervis immersis, subtus opace flavicantibus, costa flava prominente,
nervis rufulis prominulis ; petiolis tenuissimis, canaliculatis, stria transversali basi conjunctis, limbo
12plo brevioribus: paniculis in nodis solitariis lateralibus, circa 12-floris ; peduneulo bifurcato ;
sepalis parvis, acutis, intus squamula parva munitis ; corollz hypocrateriformis tubo cylindrico, infra
faucem inflato ; segmentis oblongis, medium versus introflexis, in «estivatione dextrorsum convolutis ;
filamentis brevibus, supra medium tubi insertis; antheris tenuibus, tubi parte ventricosa inclusis,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 81

liberis, imo 2-lobatis, apice acuminatis ; disco adnato; ovariis 2 acute oblongis, quam sepala paullo
longioribus, striatis ; stylo filiformi; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, 5-sulcata ; stigmatibus 2 subu-
latis. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. (Sagot 388).

A species very distinct from 4. Meyeri; it resembles Peschiera diversifolia in its
lanceolate leaves, but differs in its longer petioles and in its inflorescence. Its axils are
13 in. apart; the leaves in each pair are respectively 3 and 1 in. long, 8 and 4 lines broad,
on petioles 4 and 2 lines long; the peduncle is 4 lines long, its branches somewhat longer,
each bearing about 6 bracteolated pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, submembrana-
ceous, 1 line long; tube of corolla 8 lines long; its segments oblong, obtusely pointed,
5 lines long, 2 lines broad.

A figure of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate XI. B.

3. ANARTIA GLABRATA, nob.: Tabernemontana glabrata, Mart. MS.: ramulis teretibus, pallidis, strio-
latis, stipula interpetiolari utrinque ad nodos oblonga obtusa adpressa donatis: foliis elliptico- vel
lanceolato-oblongis, imo acutis, apice sensim attenuatis, chartaceis, ad nodos valde heterophyllis,
supra viridibus, opacis, costa sulcata, nervis curvatim divergentibus arcuatim nexis, subtus flaves-
centibus, opacis, crebre granulatis, costa flava prominente, nervis prominulis; petiolis subtenuibus,
canaliculatis, imo fossatis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: panicula laterali ; peduneulo scabridulo petiolum
xquante, depauperato, cicatricibus plurimis e floribus lapsis crebris signato, hine paucifloro; pedi-
cellis calyci «equilongis, imo bracteolatis ; sepalis oblongis, rotundatis, membranaceis, carinatis ;
corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, paullo supra medium inflato, ad faucem constricto ; segmentis lineari-
oblongis, obtusis, tubum fere «equantibus, in estivatione profundé introflexis et dextrorsum con-
volutis; staminibus ad constrictionem tubi in annulum retrorse pilosum insitis, inclusis; ceteris ut
in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. meo Barra do Facaó (Martius).

An undescribed species, with the nodes of its branchlets 13-13 in. apart; leaves
3-51 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on petioles 3-5 lines long; peduncle 6 lines long, cicatrized
from the base, bearing towards the summit few alternate pedicels 4 lines long; sepals
1i line long; tube of corolla 11 lines long; segments 9 lines long, 24 lines broad;
2 oblong ovaries embraced for half their length by a tubular hyaline disk, scarcely dis-
tinguishable; style very slender, 7 lines long.

4. ANARTIA WULFSCHLÆGELII, nob.: Tabernemontana Wulfschlegelü, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 409.
Jamaica (Wulfschlegel) : non vidi.

A tortuous shrub, with subquadrangular branchlets marked below with annular nodes
where the leaves have fallen off; leaves in unequal pairs, oblong or lanceolate-oblong,
acute at the base, with an obtuse acumen, nerves somewhat distant, arcuately conjoined,
pairs 2 and 5 in. long, 3-14 in. broad, on petioles 3-8 lines long, conjoined across the
node by a transverse ridge; raceme lateral, a little longer than the petiole; sepals 3 line
long, roundish ; tube of corolla 4 lines long ; segments obliquely ovate-oblong, obtuse, a
little shorter than the tube; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers 2 lines
long; disk scarcely discernible. ;

A species evidently near the preceding.

82 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

5. ANARTIA FLAVICANS, nob.: Tabernemontana flavicans, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 797; A. DC. l. c. p. 375
Müll. /. c. p. 77 (excl. synon.), tab. 25. fig. 1: Tabernemontana levigata, Mart. In Brasilia (Hoffm.
in herb. Willd.) : non vidi.

Müller states that the Peschiera latifolia (Spruce 236), from Santarem, is identical
with Willdenow's plant. Spruce's plant and Müller's drawing are now placed before me
side by side; and I can pronounce them to be distinct, not only in a specific point of view,
but that they belong to two different genera. Müller's copious description of Taberne-
montana flavicans is therefore of no value, as the characters are mainly derived from
Spruce’s plant. We have no trustworthy evidence in regard to the species in question,
except the short character of this plant as quoted by De Candolle; to this we may add
Müller's plate 25, above mentioned, which appears to have been made from Willdenow's
typical specimen, which coincides sufficiently well with the original description. From
these two sources the following diagnosis is drawn up. Müller gives no analysis of the
flower; it is therefore probable that he never saw the specimen, and that he obtained his
drawing from some other source.

It has very slender, dichotomous, erect branchlets, with axils 1-12 in. apart; the
opposite leaves, of equal length, are very lanceolate, very acute at the base, with a
gradually narrowing blunted acumen, 2-23 in. long, 4-5 lines broad, on slender petioles
24-3 lines long; the lateral raceme has a peduncle bare at the base for 6 lines, bearing
3-4: alternate flowers above, on bracteolated pedicels 3-4 lines long; sepals acute; tube
of corolla 1 in. long, narrowly cylindrical, 14 line thick, swelling below the mouth to a
breadth of 2 lines; segments oblong, when expanded 1 in. long, 5 lines broad; stamens
included and inserted in the constriction, at 3 the length of the tube. These characters
are obviously those of Anartia; and the species closely approaches 4. recurva.

6. ANARTIA FLAVESCENS, nob.: Tabernemontana flavescens, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 797; A. DC. I. c. p. 375.
In Brasilia: non vidi.
A species evidently near the preceding, with broader, more shortly acuminate, oblong
leaves 2 in. long; an axillary peduncle, bracteolated, 2 lines long, bearing subumbellate
flowers on filiform pedicels 1 in. long; the flowers less than 6 lines long.

7. Anartia Bocorensis, nob.: Echites Bogotensis, H. B. K. iii. 215, tab. 243; A. DC. 4. c. p. 474:
Amblyanthera Boyotensis, Müll. Linn. xxx. 452. In Ecuador, Santa Fé de Bogota: non vidi.

A species certainly not belonging to Amblyanthera. It is a scandent plant, with
straightish, terete, striated, canescently subpubescent branches, with axils 11-2 in. apart ;
leaves oblong, rounded or obsoletely cordate at the base, acuminate, submembrana-
ceous, with entire or subrevolute margins, green and glabrous above, with 2 bifid fleshy,
glabrous glands superposed at the base of the midrib, reticulately veined, beneath
densely glauco-farinaceous and subpubescent, 2) in. long, 11-14 lines broad, on chan-
nelled puberulent petioles 3 lines long; 2 opposite racemes, 24 in. long, including a
short peduncle 2-3fid at the base, each branch bearing several alternate flowers the size
of those of Vinca minor, on pedicels 4-5 lines long, supported by an acute bract 4 line
long; sepals acute, oblong, imbricated, glabrous, with as many alternate inner trifid

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 83

basal scales; corolla salver-shaped, white, its tube cylindrical, 4 lines long, pilose within ;
segments obliquely oblong, roundish on one side, with crispate margins, dextrorsely
convoluted, rotate, a little longer than the tube; stamens inserted in a pilose ring above
the base of the tube; filaments short, pubescent; anthers slender, with a membranaceous
apex, acuminate, obtusely and shortly 2-lobed at the base; disk of 5 oblong lobes, hardly
discernible; ovaries 2; clavuncle incrassated, 5-grooved, with a peltate membrane at
the base.
The species is very near 4. flavicans.

GEISSOSPERMUM.

This peculiar genus was established in 1849, by Dr. Fr. Allemáo, with an excellent
description and drawing. Its chief characters reside in its alternate leaves, its extra-
axillary inflorescence, the segments of the salver-shaped corolla having a dextrorse con-
volution, in its cordate anthers, and especially in the structure of the follicles and seeds.
Six species are here enumerated, all Brazilian.

GrissosPERMUM, F. Allemáo: Sepala 5, lanceolata aut ovata, subacuta, imo in cupulam brevissimam
connata, intus squamula minuta annulo pilorum intermixta instructa. Corolla hypocrateriformis
tubus cylindricus infra faucem paullo inflatus et ibi obsolete plicatus, intus annulo pilorum signatus ;
segmenta oblonga, obtusa, vix insequilatera, in estivatione paullo dextrorsum convoluta, tubo sub-
breviora. Stamina 5, inflatione tubi inclusa; filamenta brevia, retrorsum pilosa; anthere subovate,
apiculate, imo emarginato-bilobe. Discus urceolatus, membranaceus, ovaria fere abscondens.
Ovaria 2, ovata, discreta, pilosa ; stylus simplex; clavuncula incrassata, ad antheras agglutinata ;
stigmata 2, breviter obtusa, terminalia. Folliculi 2, valde divaricati, oblongi, imo rotundati, apice
sensim acutati, baccati, ventre sutura crassa dehiscentes, marginibus profunde introflexis et placenti-
feris. Semina ex utraque placenta 2-5, subcompresse ovata, uno latere, in centro, hilo signata, hoc
ad funiculum subcarnosum peltatim affixa, primum in hune semiimmersa, dein sua prolongatione a pla-
centa suspensa; testa calva, chartacea ; tegmen membranaceum ; albumen tenuiter corneum ; embryo
heterotropus eo subbrevior; cotyledones 2, cordato-deltoidez, foliaceze ; radicula teres, ad summum
spectans, dimidia longitudine cotyledonum.

Arbores proceri Brasilienses frondosi, vix lactescentes, cortice externo crasso, interno plurilamel-
lato; ramuli bis trichotome divisi, exstipulati; folia alterna, elliptica, petiolata; panicule eztra-
axillares, folii dimidia longitudine ; pedunculus brevis, 2-ramosus, ramulis flores plures pedicellatos
parvos subumbellatos gerentibus, cunctis sepius undique pubescentibus.

l. GzaissosezRMvM VELLosi, Fr. Allem. Trab. Soc. Vellos. tab. 7 (excl. syn. Vell); Müll. Fl. Bras.
fasc. xxvi. p. 90 (in parte) : Vallesie sp., Riedel in Man. Agric. Bras. Prov. Rio de Janeiro, in
montibus ad altit. 1000 ped. et ultra: non vidi.

A tree of great height, the trunk covered with a very thick bark, and an inner lamellar
bark, apparently not lactescent ; branches flexuous, twice trichotomous, branchlets straight,
cinereo-tomentose, becoming smooth; axils $ in. apart; leaves alternate, subdistichous,
elliptie, acute at the base, acuminate, very undulate on the margins, chartaceous,
younger ones cinereo-sericeous, with nerves prominulent on both sides, 2-3 in. long,
1-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; panicle placed 2 lines above or below the
axils; peduncle stout, angular, 4 lines long, its 2 branchlets 2 lines long, bracteolated,
bearing on their summits each 3-4 fasciculated flowers, on pedicels 1 line e sepals

M

84 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

lanceolate, 14 line long, connate at the base, cinereo-pilose ; tube of corolla cylindrical,
angular, pilose outside, glabrous within, except a narrow pilose ring in the contracted
mouth, below which it is somewhat swollen, 4 lines long; segments oblong, obtuse,
3 lines long, slightly dextrorsely convolute in sestivation; anthers free, ovate, cordate,
on short pubescent filaments; disk very pilose, concealing the ovaries; follicles spread-
ing, 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, with a pericarp 3 lines thick, 2 sutural placente aggluti-
nated together, nearly reaching the opposite side of the cell, each bearing on its outer
face 4 or 5 seeds, their summits overlapping each other; seeds ovoid, 7 lines long, 4 lines
broad, with a central hilum on one face, where they are attached to a fleshy funicle, in
which they are half-imbedded; embryo in thin albumen, with 2 cordate cotyledons, and
a radicle half their length, pointing to the apex of the follicle.

Dr. Freire Allemáo (loc. cit.) correctly repudiates the reference of this plant by Riedel
to Vallesia, on account of its extra-axillary inflorescence, and especially the character
of its fruit and seeds.

The analysis of its fruit and seeds (from Allemáo), is given in Plate XII. a.

2. GEIssosPERMUM LEVE, nob.: Tabernemontana levis, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 105, Icon. iii. tab. 18; A. DC.
Prodr. viii. 375: Geissospermum Vellosii, Müll. in parte (non Allem.) J. c. p. 90, tab. 28, quoad
fructum : Prov. Rio de Janeiro (in maritimis, circa Tejuca) : non vidi.

This is à species very different from the preceding, though united with it by Dr.
Allemáo. It differs in being a much smaller tree, with glabrous (not tomentous)
branchlets, in its much narrower lanceolate (not elliptic) leaves retuse (not undulated)
on the margins, quite glabrous (not pubescent), in its simple 2- or 3-flowered short
raceme (not a divided panicle of 8 flowers), calyx and corolla glabrous outside (not
pubescent), in its follicles very acute and reflexed at the apex, in its thicker, glabrous,
yellow pericarp replete with a lactescent juice, containing 4 (not 8 or 10) seeds. Dr.
Müller (Fl. Bras. fase. xxvi. p. 90) could only reconcile these differences by inferring that
Velloz's details are not to be depended upon as to accuracy ; but no one would agree in
this opinion who has seen the delicately executed original drawings of Velloz (some of
which I possess) which were so roughly copied by the Paris lithographer. In these
plates of the ‘Flora Fluminensis, we may rely on the general accuracy of the rough
outlines of the plates, as to form and dimensions. In Velloz's plant the very glabrous
lanceolate leaves are 2-3 in. long, ¿-1 in. broad, on petioles 11-2 lines long; the
pedunele of the infra-axillary inflorescence is 3 lines long, and supports generally 3,
sometimes 2, subalternate bracteolated pedicels 13-2 lines long; the acuminate glabrous
sepals are 13 line long; corolla yellowish white, glabrous outside, everywhere puberulous
within, has a cylindrical tube 6 lines long, with oblong segments 44 lines long, a little
convoluted in sstivation; 2 oblong follicles, spreading, rounded at the base, terminated
by a long reflexed acute point, 23 in. long, 14 in. broad, each containing 4 separate
seeds, as distinetly stated by Velloz; these are oval, compressed, 8 lines long, 6 lines
broad, half-immersed in a white succulent funicle.

3. GEISSOSPERMUM MARTIANUM, nob.: Tabernemontana cymosa, Mart. MS. (non Jacq.): ramulis
crassis, subfistulosis, pallidis, subangulatis, striatis, lenticellis albis sparsim verruculosis; axillis

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE®. 85

remotiusculis : foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo insequilateris et cuneatis, subobtuse acuminatis,
glaberrimis, marginibus retusis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, nervis tenuissimis im-
mersis, subtus flavide opacis, costa nervisque tenuissimis rubellis vix prominulis ; petiolo tenui, canali-
culato, quam limbus 16plo breviore ; foliolis in ramulis novellis inferioribus alternis, in superioribus 4
approximatim verticillatis : paniculis lateralibus et solitariis aut suboppositis, glaberrimis; pedun-
culis longiusculis, tenuibus, striatis, apice trichotomis, ramis 3-floris; pedicellis tenuibus ; sepalis
ovatis, acutis; corolle glabre tubo cylindrico, intus supra medium piloso, infra faucem paullo inflato,
et inde staminifero; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, paullo convolutis, tubo brevioribus; staminibus
brevibus; filamentis brevibus; antheris vix acutis, imo cordatis; disco cylindrico, membranaceo,
ovaria 2 abscondente ; stylo tenui ; clavuncula incrassata, subpentagona, glandulifera, apice 5-dentata,
imo appendice membranacea aucta; stigmatibus 2, breviter rotundatis, apicalibus, In Parahiba
Brasilie, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in Ab. meo ex herb. Mart. sub Tabernemontana cymosa, Mart.,
Parahiba.

This species much resembles G. Vellosii in general appearance. The axils are
243 in. apart; the leaves are 3% in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; the
pedunele of the inflorescence is 3-9 lines long, its 3 branches 9 lines long, each much
divaricated, with 3—4 branchlets, each bearing about 4 flowers on pedicels 2 lines long;
sepals 3 line long; tube of corolla 3 lines long; the segments 2 lines long. The
specimen is from one of Martius's Brazilian sets, collected by others, and distributed
in 1827.

4. GzissosPERMUM RAMIFLORUM, Mart. : Aspidosperma ? ramiflorum, Müll. 7. c. p. 55. Rio de Janeiro :
non vidi.

This species bears all the characters of Geissospermum, and appears very near the
preceding. Müller was persuaded that it accorded ill with Aspidosperma. It has ashy
black branches, verruculously lenticellated ; leaves alternate, elliptie, obtuse or more
acute at both ends, very glabrous, membranaceous, fuscous, opake above, with 8-10 pairs
of nerves prominulent, very horizontally patent, with others shorter and intermediate,
reticulated, 23-34 in. long, 13-12 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; panicles lateral,
nearly sessile, many-flowered, without pedicels, with a small pubescent bract; sepals
ferruginously hirtellous, oblong-ovate acute, 14 line long; tube of corolla 43 lines long,
fulvo-hirtellous, somewhat inflated above; segments glabrous, oblong-ovate subacute,
as long as the tube; ovaries glabrous, with ovules in pairs in 4 series.

5. GzissosPERMUM SOLANDRI, nob.: Wheeleria alternifolia, Sol. Prim. Flor. Bras. p. 66: ramulis tereti-
bus, lenticellis parvis verruculosis : foliis 3 ultimis minoribus, approximatis, reliquis remotioribus,
alternis, ovatis, imo acutis et inzquilateris, superne subrotundatis et in acumen brevissimum
obtusum repente constrictis, marginibus vix revolutis, supra viridibus, opacis, minute granulatis,
nervis tenuissimis, semiimmersis, subtus ochraceo-pallidioribus, opacis, costa flava prominente, nervis
flavidis vix conspicuis; petiolo tenui, quam limbus 5plo breviore: panicula terminali, 2-3-ramosa,
ramis fuscis, alternatim paucifloris; pedicellis subbrevibus ; sepalis acute ovatis, extus parce hispi-
dulis; corolle parvze tubo quam calyx 3plo longiore, extus scabride piloso, intus piloso; segmentis
brevibus, ovatis, medio pilosulis, paullo dextrorsum convolutis; staminibus supra medium tubi
insertis; antheris acutis, imo cordatis; disco urceolato, ciliato-denticulato ; ovariis 2, globosis, pilo-
sulis, disco absconditis; stylo filiformi ; clavuncula incrassata glandulifera. In prov. Rio de Janeiro :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. loc. cit. Solander (a.v. 1768).

86 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

This plant bears much resemblance to a Vallesia, to which genus Riedel referred
G. Fellosii. It is a tree with a smooth bark; the axils of its slender branchlets are
about i in. apart, except the three terminal ones, which are barely 1 line distant; the
leaflets there are about 9 lines long; the leaves of the main branchlets are 2—2+ in. long,
14-14 in. broad, upon slender petioles 7 lines long; the peduncle of the corymb is 4 lines
long, its 3—4 branches 4 lines long, their 2 secondary branches 14 line long, each bearing
2 small flowers on pedicels 4 line long; the sepals 4 line long; the tube of the corolla
1i line long; the segments 2 line long; the stamens, upon very short filaments, are
enclosed within the mouth of the tube.

These characters all conform with Geissospermum, rather than with Vallesia; its only
peculiarity is the more diminutive size of its flowers.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are seen in Plate XIT. a.

The Wheeleria oppositifolia, Sol., is described under Thyrsanthus velutinus, nob.

6. GetssosPERMUM sERICEUM, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 707: Thyrsanthus sericeus, Sagot, MS.: ramis
subvalidis, dichotomis, ramulis tenuibus: foliis alternis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen
longiusculum subito constrictis, chartaceis, margine undulatis, supra lete viridibus, opacis, obsolete
pilosis, costa prominente, nervis prominulis, venis reticulatis, subtus fulvide opacis, costa nervisque
sublanatis ; petiolo tenui, sulcato, obsolete puberulo, limbo 9plo breviore: racemis axillaribus, con-
gestifloris, quam folium triplo brevioribus; floribus parvis, ochraceo-pubescentibus ; corolla parva ;
segmentis angustis dextrorsum convolutis. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. loc. cit. (Sagot 966).

Its branches are 1-2 lines thick, the branchlets more slender, with axils 2-1 in. apart,
with a transverse line across the nodes; leaves 3 in. long, 1i in. broad, on a petiole

4 lines long; panicles axillary, 2-1 in. long, on a stout peduncle 3 lines long, with

numerous approximate flowers, all covered with yellow tomentum; pedicels 1 line

long; sepals 2 lines long, linear oblong, obtuse; segments of corolla linear, glabrous,
3 lines long.

MALOUETIA.

This genus was established in 1844 by Prof. De Candolle, who placed it in his tribe
TABERNJEMONTANELE, from which it was separated by Dr. Müller. It has many species,
forming trees or erect shrubs, with opposite entire leaves, the nodes generally much
dilated by a thick transverse sheath, on which the petioles are inserted; the leaves
generally oblong and acute at both ends, or lanceolate, have ascending nerves, which are
often furnished below, at the angle of each nerve, with a poriferous gland.

MazLouEtIa, A. DC.: Sepala 5, parva, acuta, erecta, singula squamula acuta intus munita. Corolle
tubus cylindricus, 5-nervis, siepe spiraliter tortus, medio paullo ventricosus, fauce constrictus, et ibi
sepius squamulis 5 preditus; segmenta 5, oblonga, subacuta, simpliciter dextrorsum convoluta.
Stamina subinclusa, apice sepius paullo exserta; filamenta ad constrictionem tubi inserta; anthere
lineares, acuminate, in conum coherentes, imo furcis 2 brevibus acutis armate. Discus e lobis 5 dis-
cretis erectis subacutis; ovaria 2, eo paullo longiora, oblonga; stylus tenuis stamina attingens;
clavuncula incrassata cylindrica, imo membrana peltata donata ; stigmata 2, brevissime linearia, ter-
minalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, ssepius divaricati, glabri, aut rarius pilosi, suleo ventrali dehiscentes,
suturz marginibus introflexis in placentam cylindricam coalitis. Semina lineari-oblonga, valde com-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJX. 87

pressa, glabra, ex una facie hilo centrali peltatim affixa, marginibus membranaceis canaliculatim
introflexis ; albumen oblongum, compressum, parcum ; embryo hoterotropus ; radicula parva, supera,
teres, cotyledonibus 2 oblongis 4plo brevior.

Frutices plerumque Brasiliani, dichotome ramosi; folia opposita, breviter petiolata; inflorescentia
breviter pedunculata; flores plurimi, longe pedicellati, subfasciculati.

1. MALOUETIA TAMAQUARINA, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 378; Deless. Icon. v. p. 31, tab. 47; Müll. (in parte),
Flor. Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 92: Cameraria tamaquarina, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 260, tab. 102. In Guiana:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Aublet), Guiana (Sagot 1143).

This typical specimen is very different from the two Brazilian plants referred to the
same species by Dr. Müller. 'The leaves have a rufescent hue, with immersed nerves
sulcate above, which are slender and prominulent below, with porous glands in
their axils.

2. MarourriA Gutanensis, nob.: Malouetia tamarquarina, var. minor, A. DC. l. c. p. 379: Cameraria
Guianensis, Aubl. /.'c. p. 262: Cameraria lutea, Lam. Dict. i. p. 573. In Guiana: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Aublet).

A species differing from the preceding in its much smaller leaves more acute at the
base, rarely with porous glands in the axils of the nerves, in its much smaller flowers, the
corolla having a shorter tube. Its slender branches are shining black, and striated; the
leaves are lanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, with a narrow, sublinear apex, very entire,
chartaceous, opakely green above, with slender subimmersed nerves, opake and rufously
brown below, with reddish nerves and midrib little prominent; they are 3j in. long,
1 in. broad, on slender, black, channelled petioles 2 lines long.

3. MaLouETIA ODORATa, nob.: Tabernemontana odorata, Vahl, Ecl. ii. p. 22 (excl. synon.) ; A. DC.
l. c. p. 379; Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 343. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
(Schomb. 951).

This species has dichotomous fuscous branches, compressed and channelled on each
edge; leaves lanceolate, with a narrow obtuse acumen, fuscous green above, with
immersed nerves, ferruginously opake below, with a darker prominulent midrib, and fine
nerves, each with a small porous gland in its axil, 21—5 in. long, 7-12 lines broad, on
petioles 14-3 lines long; peduncle solitary in each node, bearing 3-4 flowers; pedicels
lin. long, dark and slender; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla 34 lines
long; segments oblong, 3 lines long, densely pubescent inside at their base.

4. MarovzriA Tarumensis, Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 344. In Guiana: in Mont. Taruma (Schom-
burgk) : non vidi.
A species near M. odorata. It is a tree 50-60 feet high, with dark, shining, dichoto-
mous branches compressed at the furcations ; leaves 5-7 in. long. It is called “ hotitjou,”
and yields an abundant milky juice.

5. MarourmrA Gracinis, A. DC. l c. p. 380: Tabernemontana gracilis, Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. 244.
In Guiana: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Upper Essequibo (Schomb. 39).

A species with straight striated branches and subdichotomous branchlets, its fuscous

88 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

branches much thickened at the nodes, forming rough annular rings ¿-13 in. apart,
where the leaves have fallen off. The leaves are lanceolate, rarely oblong, acute and
subinequilateral at the base, gradually acuminate at the summit, with subrevolute
margins, thinly chartaceous, fuscous above, pale and yellowish below, eglandular, with
slender patent nerves suddenly arcuately conjoined within the margins, 2 to 4 in. long,
1-13 in. broad, on slender petioles 13-3 lines long: 6 or more flowers are crowded on a
short axillary peduncle 2 lines long, upon pedicels 3 lines long; 5 acute sepals 1 line
long, each with an internal lanceolate scale; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical,
6-8 lines long, subventricose in the middle; the segments oblique oblong, 6 lines long,
2 lines broad; stamens included in the swollen portion of the tube; fuscous anthers
shortly biaristate at the base, with an acute membrane at the summit; a disk of 5 ovate
membranaceous lobes longer than the ovaries; 2 follicles, subterete, 1-2 in. long; seeds
small, oblong, smooth.

6. MALOUETIA LACTIFLUA, nob.: Tabernemontana, sp., Benth. l. c. p. 245; Schomb. Ann. Nat. Hist. i.
p. 64: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. R. Berbice (Schomb. 168) : foliis oblongis, fusce rubro-viridibus, imo
subacutis, apice in acumen lineare obtusulum constrictis, chartaceis, marginibus crebre undulatis,
supra fusco-viridibus, rubentibus, nervis semiimmersis, opacis, nigro punctulatis, subtus pallidioribus,
subferrugineo-opacis, subrugulosis, costa nervisque patentibus, prominulis, rubellis; petiolo tenui,
canaliculato, quam limbus 12plo breviore: floribus ignotis.

There can be no doubt that this is a species of Malouetia. It is a very lactescent tree,
yielding a vegetable milk, used by the natives, and also forms a useful varnish, according
to Schomburgk. The leaves are 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, on a petiole 3 lines long.

7. MALOUETIA SCHOMBURGKII, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 409. In Guiana Brit. Pomaroon (Schomb. 830,
1386) : non vidi.

A species resembling M. nitida in habit. It has dark, slender branches, with axils
1$ 2$ in. apart, its branchlets being paler; leaves oblong-ovate, acute at both ends,
chartaceous, 4—4% in. long, 14-20 lines broad, on petioles 93-16 lines long; flowers 1 in.
long; sepals linear-lanceolate, erect, 13 line long; tube of corolla slender above, broader
at its base, 6 lines long; segments linear acute, hispidulous within at the base; stamens
partly exserted ; disk of 5 erect, fleshy, truncated lobes, enclosing 2 ovoid ovaries,
hispidulous at their apex; style slender below, 44 lines long.

8. MALOUETIA OBTUSIFOLIA, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne
(Martin).

The leaves are stifly chartaceous, with entire, subrevolute margins, of a reddish hue
above, opake, with immersed nerves, beneath ferruginous-opake, with slender prominu-
lent nerves having porous glands in their axils, 34 in. long, 12 in. broad, on petioles
3 lines long; pedicels 5 lines long; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long;

segments lanceolate-oblong, 9 lines long, with dextrorse contortion; stamens included,
half-exserted at their apex.

9. MALOUETIA LANCEOLATA, Müll. J, c. p. 93, tab. 29. fig. 3: Malouetia tamaquarina, var. Brasiliensis,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE, 89

A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379. In Brasilia: v. v. in montibus Organensibus, et s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
loc. cit. (Gardner 5547).

I found this species in 1838, in the Organ Mountains, where it forms a shrub 10 feet
high, with dichotomous branchlets which are shining, darkly rufescent, striated, fistulose,
and compressed at the axils; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, gradually acute at
both ends, with subrevolute margins, chartaceous, deep green above, subnitid, somewhat
granular, with semi-immersed curving nerves, below pallidly flavescent, very opake, with
prominent midrib and reddish yellow prominent nerves, having a porous gland in their
axils; they are 2}-3? in. long, 2-14 in. broad, on dark channelled petioles 2-3 lines
long. Cyme 3 in. long, solitary at each node, or in the dichotomy of the branches,
glabrous; a very short peduncle, thickened at the apex, with scale-like bracteoles,
bearing about 12 flowers; pedicels crowded, slender, declinate ; sepals small, ovate, sub-
mucronate, with membranaceous margins, furnished within with alternate entire or
2-dentate scales; tube of corolla slender, narrowed above, with 5 small fleshy glands in
its thickened mouth, 3 lines long; segments oblong obtuse, pubescent at their base,
dextrorsely convoluted, 4 lines long; stamens included and inserted a little above
the middle of the tube; anthers curvingly sagittate at their base, acute and pilose
at the apex; disk of 5 ovate erect lobes, pilose at the apex, and somewhat shorter than

the ovaries.

10. MALOUETIA ARBOREA, nob.: Echites arborea, Vell. Flor. Flum. p. 114, Icon. iii. tab. 47: Secondatia
arborea, Müil. l. c. p. 110: Tabernemontana leta, A. DC. in parte (non Mart.), Prodr. viii. 364, In
Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, Fazenda de Mendanha (Velloz) : non vidi.

A species unquestionably belonging to this genus, and differing little from M. glan-
dulifera, chiefly in its larger leaves and longer peduncles. Like most other species, it is
lactescent, with an erect trunk 8 in. in diameter, with its primary branches dichoto-
mous, spreading, 2 lines thick; branchlets 1 line thick, with axils 13-23 in. apart;
leaves opposite, elliptic, acute at both ends, very slender nerves above, the midrib and
nerves below being stouter, prominent, with a porous gland in their axils; they are
4-41 in. long, 11-12 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; inflorescence solitary at each
node, densely S-flowered; peduncle 14 line long; pedicels very slender, 5 lines long;
sepals acute, 13 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, narrowed above, 5 lines long, with
5 glands in the mouth; segments subequilateral, of a whitish yellow colour, 4 lines long,
14 line broad; stamens inserted below the mouth and partly exserted ; 2 follicles stoutly
terete, recurvingly divaricate, lactescent when cut across, 4 in. long, 4 lines thick; seeds
many, subimbricated, glabrous, linear-oblong, very compressed, with incurving margins,
peltately attached to the inflexed placentee : this is clearly shown by the inclined section
in Velloz’s drawing. The loose seed depicted in a separate figure, with a long apical
coma, has been placed there in mistake by the Paris lithographer; and this perhaps
led Dr. Miiller to refer the plant to Secondatia; but it belongs most certainly to
Malouetia. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 723) agree that it should be excluded from

Secondatia.
N

90 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

ll. MALOUETIA virescens, Spruce; Müller, l. c. p. 92.

In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. variis Panuré,
Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2472).

A species near M. Guianensis. Branches dark, angular, subcompressed, subverrucu-
lose, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves suberect, oblong, acutely obtuse at the base,
shortly and obtusely acuminate at the apex, fuscous green above, with immersed fine
nerves, ferruginously opake below, with dark midrib and prominulent nerves, in the
axils of which a porous gland is most frequently seen, 2-3 in. long, 24-14 in. broad,
on petioles 2-3 lines long; axillary peduncle bracteolated, 3 lines long; pedicels
slender, 4 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, contracted in the
middle, border hypocrateriform, segments linear oblong, 4 lines long.

12. MALOUETIA GLANDULIFERA, nob.: Malouetia tamaquarina, var. Brasiliensis, Müll. (non A. DC.) Fl.
Bras. xxvi. p. 92. In Venezuele confinibus: v. s. in herb. variis Rio Casiquiare (Spruce 3305).

A very distinct species. Its erect fuseous branches, dichotomously divided, are sub-
fistulose and interruptedly striated; leaves oblong, acute at the base, obtuse at the apex,
margins subrevolute, rigidly chartaceous, green above, opake, impressed-rugulose, nerves
immersed, luridly opake below, somewhat paler, midrib and nerves yellowish and
prominulent, with a hollow pilose gland in each axil, 2-22 in. long, $—1 in. broad,
on channelled petioles 11-2 lines long; inflorescence solitary at each node, or in the
dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle 2 lines long, bearing 3 flowers, sometimes reduced
to 1; pedicels very slender, 12 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong, imbricately erect,
carinate, obsoletely puberulous outside, margins membranaceous, } line long, with
oblong fleshy scales within alternate with them; tube of corolla 5 lines long, 1 line broad
at its base, 4 line broad at its summit, bearing in its expanding throat 5 obtusely lanceo-
late fleshy glands; segments of border obtuse-oblong, somewhat inequilateral, opposite
the glands, glabrous on both sides, rugulous outside at their base, 5 lines long, 2 lines
broad; stamens inserted below and alternate with the glands, partly exserted, quite
glabrous; filaments seated on prominent ridges; disk of 5 erect oval fleshy lobes, shorter
than the 2 ovaries, which are pilose on their summits; style slender below, with an incras-
sated clavuncle above; stigmata 2 short lobes; follicles terete, black, 4) in. long, 2 lines

thick; seeds very compressed, oblong, smooth, narrower below, peltately affixed to the
placenta by a small ovate hilum.,

13. MarovzrrA Martir, Müll. Z. c. p. 94, tab. 29. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. variis Panuré, Rio Uahupes
(Spruce 2435).

A species well distinguished from M. lanceolata by its much smaller, very dusky
leaves, sharply acuminate, luridly ferruginous beneath, without the usual porous
glands, in its darker corolla furfuraceous (not pubescent) within. It bears much the
aspect of M. virescens, Spruce’s plant agrees with Müller's diagnosis; but it is wrongly
quoted as from the province of S. Paulo. Its leaves are 2-2% in. long, $ in. broad, on a
petiole 23-3 lines long; the peduncle is 1 line long, the pedicels 6 lines long; the
sepals 1 line long; the tube of the corolla 6 lines lone;

g; its segments furfuraceous, 4 lines
long, with dextrorse convolution; anthers exserted, furfuraceous.

—

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 91

14. MaLougtia NITIDA, Spruce; Müller, /. c. p. 94. In Amazonas: v. $. in herb. variis Barra do Rio
Negro (Spruce 1672).

A species differing in appearance from all others. Its branchlets are brown, 24 lines
thick, with many prominent yellow lenticels, and with axils 34 in. apart; leaves oblong,
subacute, and channelled at the base, narrowing gradually upwards and suddenly ter-
minating in a linear acumen 4 in. long, stiffly chartaceous, margins subrevolute, pale
green, opake, and rugulous above, yellowish immersed midrib and nerves (about 8 pairs),
somewhat paler beneath, opake, rugulous, with prominent midrib and subprominulent
fine nerves, veins scarcely visible, 43-6 in. long, 1-24 in. broad, on channelled petioles
24 lines long; inflorescence solitary in each axil; peduncle bracteolated, 1 line long,
supporting 10-12 subfasciculate flowers; pedicels glabrous, 6 lines long; sepals 1 line
long, lanceolate; tube of corolla narrow, contracted in the middle; segments lanceolate,
5 lines long, subpuberulous within at their base, with dextrorse convolution.

15. MALOUETIA rurruracea, Spruce; Müll. Z. c. p. 93. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. variis Barra do Rio

_ Negro (Spruce 1566), San Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2305).

Its branchlets are somewhat slender, black, striate, dichotomous, with axils 2 in.
apart; leaves 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; inflorescence in
the dichotomies of the branchlets; peduncle bracteolated, bearing about 6 or 8 fascicu-
late flowers; pedicels 8 lines long; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla
4 lines long; linear segments 6 lines long, dextrorsely convolute; 2 terete, smooth,
black follicles 12 in. long, 13 line thick.

16. MALOUETIA AMPLEXICAULIS, Müll. /. c. p. 91. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes
(Spruce 2595).

A species distinguished by its very large leaves, which give it much the appearance of
a Rhigospira: these are somewhat unequal in the same node, on one side 335 in. long,
11-2 in. broad, on the other 51—8 in. long, 23-34 in. broad, subcordate and subsessile at
their base, where they are conjoined by a transverse line, with about 12 pairs of white
pubescent nerves, each with a poriferous gland in its axil. A corymb of 6 or 8 flowers
fasciculate on short, bracteolated, opposite, extra-axillary nodules, with slender pedi-
cels 5 lines long; the sepals are 1 line long; the very slender tube of the corolla 3 lines
long, a little broader below the mouth, with oblong acute segments dextrorsely con-
volute in «estivation; stamens partly exserted; the disk is fleshy, tubular, crenately
lobed on the margin, enclosing 2 pilose ovaries.

17. MALOUETIA RIPARIA, A. DC. Z. c. p. 380: Tabernemontana riparia, H. B. K. ii. 228. In Nova
Granada: non vidi. —

A lactescent tree, 20 feet high, with smooth dichotomous branches; leaves oblong,
narrowly acute at the base, acuminate, with undulate entire margins, membranaceous,
with prominent nerves beneath, 4-4] in. long, 16-19 lines broad, on channelled petioles
scarcely 3 lines long, their margins united by a transverse ridge across the nodes; cymes
interpetiolar, opposite at the nodes, on a dichotomous peduncle, and shorter than the

N 2

92 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAL.

leaves, bearing 2 to 4 flowers 14 in. long, on bracteolated pedicels; sepals smooth,
elliptic oblong, obtuse, with undulate membranaceous margins, deeply imbricated, the two
interior much narrower; corolla salver-shaped, yellow; tube cylindrical, twisting, 1 in.
long, with expanded segments inequilaterally obovate and obtuse, shorter than the tube;
anthers sagittate, seated in the middle of the tube; disk fleshy, investing 2 ovaries.

Prof. De Candolle rightly placed this species in Malouetia, as the kind of inflorescence `

here indicated is unknown in any plant of the Zabernemontanee, but is not uncommon
in Malouetia: the structure of the flower is that of this genus.

18. MALOUETIA TETRASTACHYA, nob. : Tabernemontana tetrastachya, H. B. K. iii. 227 ; A. DC. l. c. p. 368.
In Nova Granada: non vidi.

A lactescent tree, with smooth, terete branches; leaves oblong, narrowly acute at the
base, acuminate, with obsoletely undulate or repand margins, membranaceous, nerves
remote, prominent beneath, 6-7 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on channelled petioles 6 lines
long, their margins conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; cymes opposite and
interpetiolar, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle dichotomously divided into 4
approximated, divaricated, many-flowered spikes; flowers the size of those of jessamine,
on close pedicels 3 lines long, bracteolated at the base. This species quite conforms
with M. riparia in the character of its inflorescence and structure of its flowers.

19. MALOUETIA JASMINOIDES, nob.: Tabernemontana jasminoides, H. B. K. iii. 225; A. DC. l c. p. 379.
In Venezuela, prope Cumana : non vidi.

This species, with flowers like those of jessamine, evidently belongs to this genus, as
Kunth suspected; its opposite, oblong leaves, acute at the base, subacuminate, sub-
membranaceous, are 3-4 in. long, 14-18 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long; in a
specimen from 'Purbaco (perhaps another species) they are 5-6 in. long, 20-21 lines
broad, on petioles 6 lines long; peduncle 6-15 lines long, bearing several flowers on
slender pedicels 6-7 lines long; sepals ovate, 1 line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long,
swollen at the base, the segments being expanded, obovate-oblong, 5 lines long; stamens
placed in the mouth of the tube, linear, biaristate at the base; the 2 ovaries surrounded
by the disk; style slender; clavuncle adhering to the anthers.

20. Maxovetia CuBana, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379: Malouetia retroflexa, Müll. Linn. xxx. 408; Griseb. Fl.
Br. W. Ind. p. 412. In Antillis: Cuba, et ins. San Vincente (Guilding).

The descriptions of De Candolle and Müller accord so well together that they denote
identically the same species. The leaves are elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, obtusely
acuminate, 3-4 in. long, 10-15 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; the peduncle is
3 lines long, bears 4 to 7 flowers, on slender pedicels 8-10 lines long ; sepals subulately
lanceolate, reflexed at their apex, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, constricted
in the middle; the segments, as large as the tube, are linear, acute, glabrous outside,
puberulous within; stamens partly exserted; anthers dorsally hispidulous; disk of
5 erect lobes; ovaries 2, hispidulous at the apex; follicles 12 in. long, 4 lines broad,
obtusely attenuated.

e

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 93

21. MarovETiA Panamensis, Müll. in Van Huerck. Pl. Nov. 185; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 707: Stem-
madenia Guatemalensis, Müll. in Linn. xxx. 410. In Panama et Guatemala: non vidi.

This species has none of the characters of Stemmadenia, but in all respects agrees with
Malouetia, as Müller himself indicated. Its branches are terete, blackish red, its branch-
lets compressed; the leaves are oblong, very acute at both ends, submembranaceous,
with undulate-repand margins, with 10-12 pairs of divaricate nerves, are near 8 in. long,
22% in. broad, on petioles 44 lines long; inflorescence terminal, in two opposite cymes;
peduncle extremely short, almost pulviniform, supporting numerous aggregated flowers
on stout pedicels 5 lines long, which are as long as the flowers; sepals ovate, obtuse,
ciliolated on the margins; tube of corolla cylindrical, constricted in the middle, longi-
tudinally subangular and striate; segments longer than the tube, lanceolate-ovate, fur-
furaceous above and at their base ; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube; disk
cylindrical, of 5 lobes connate at their base, free above, surrounding 2 ovaries, which are
somewhat shorter, subpuberulous at their apex, and obtusely ovate.

THYRSANTHUS.

The three genera Thyrsanthus, Parsonsia and Forsteronia are so much alike in habit,
kind of inflorescence, and floral structure, that their difference would hardly be recog-
nized, were it not for the divergence observed in the structure of the fruit and seeds.
The Parsonsia of R. Brown (excluding the American species) was shown to be a distinct
genus by De Candolle; but Zhyrsanthus and Forsteronia have been entirely or in part
confounded together by most botanists, and even the author of the former genus has
renounced it in favour of Forsteronia (Gen. ii. p. 710). Notwithstanding this, Thyrsan-
thus appears to me a distinct and tenable genus. It was established by Mr. Bentham in
1841, upon one of Schomburgk’s Guiana plants, acknowledged in 1844 by De Candolle,
who described six species, one of which was figured in Delessert's Icones. Miller, how-
ever, in 1860, cancelled it, absorbing all its species in Forsteronia; and Bentham, in
1876, forgetful of his former accurate observations, revoked his genus Thyrsanthus in
favour of Forsteronia. The latter, proposed by Meyer in 1818, was established upon a
short diagnosis applicable alike to both these genera; but as two of his species belong to
Thyrsanthus, a genus then unknown, it follows that his third species — floribunda,
Sw., Parsonsia floribunda, R. Br.) remains the type of Forsteronia.

Thyrsanthus comes near Malouetia, differing in little else than the character of its
inflorescence; and there is no great dissimilarity in the structure of its flower; but in
that of its fruit and seeds there is a wide divergence, which enables us at once to dis-
tinguish the one from the other. In the absence of this test, there remains the :esti-
vation of the corolla, which shows a dextrorse convolution in one, and a sinistrorse
direction in the other. 1 have observed also a peculiar character in the leaves of all the
species of Thyrsanthus—the presence of a peculiar granular yellow gland at the junction
of the midrib with the petiole, either single or divided, which does not appear in

Forsteronia.

94 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

Tayrsantuus, Benth. (non Elliot nec Schrank); Thenardia, Benth. (non Kunth) ; Forsteronia, Meyer
(in parte), Müller, Benth. & Hook. Sepala 5, parvula, ovata, subacuta, intus squamulis 2-3 minimis
preedita. Corolla parva; tubus cylindricus; segmenta oblonga, subzequilatera, tubo longiora, seepius
intus glabra, raro lanata aut villosa, paullo dextrorsum convoluta, dein subrotata. Stamina 5,
tubo corolle inclusa, aut apice semiexserta ; filamenta brevia; anthere lineari-oblonge, acuminate, `
imo furcis 2 parallele elongatis armate, in conum coherentes. Discus e lobis 5 oblongis, seepius
discretis, ovaria cingens ; ovaria 2 distincta, eo non rarius longiora; sty/us brevis, glaber; clavuncula
cylindriee 5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata indusiata; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2,
tenuiter teretes, horizontaliter divergentes, sulco ventrali dehiscentes, suturze marginibus in placen-
tam cylindricam introflexz:e. Semina plurima, imbricatim suspensa, lineari-oblonga, compressis-
sima, lateribus membranaceis paullo incurvatis, levia et ecomosa, hilo centrali signata; embryo
incognita.

Frutices scandentes Americe meridionalis, sepius glabri ; folia opposita, rarius ternatim verticillata,
oblonga, petiolata, seepius glabra; panicule axillares aut terminales, laxe thyrsoidee aut capitate ;
flores numerosi, parvuli, inconspicui.

1. THYrsaNTHUS SCHOMBURGKIL, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 245; A. DC. l. c. p. 387 : Forsteronia
Schomburgkii, A. DC. l. c. p. 438 (excl. syn.) ; Müll. Flor. Bras. l. c. p. 107 in nota. In Guiana
Brit. (Schomb. 37, 57, 556, 557) : v. s. in herb. meo er loc. cit. (Schomb. 537).

This typical species has scandent, rugous, verruculous branches 2 lines thick, with
patently divergent branchlets; its opposite leaves have a reddish hue, are obtuse at the
base, with a narrow recurved acumen 4 in. long, quite glabrous, palish green above,
sulcate along the midrib, which has 2 very minute glands at its base, several oblique
subimmersed nerves, beneath rubescently ferruginous, opake, with prominulent nerves
and reticulated veins, 3-5 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles 1 line
long; panicle terminal, 3 in. long, with opposite ramifications 6 lines long, 4-7 lines
apart, dichotomous, each ray bearing an almost capitate cluster of flowers; pedicels
1 line long, with 2 lanceolate bractlets at the base; sepals acute, 3 line long, with
2 minute scales at the base of each within; tube of corolla 2 line long, glabrous, with a
narrow pilose ring above its base; the 5 segments linear-oblong, 1 line long, glabrous
within, expanded, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in the pilose ring, .
almost wholly included in it; filaments short; anthers cohering together and to the
elavuncle, acute at their summit, 2 obtuse prongs at their base.

2. THYRSANTHUS LAURIFOLIUS, nob.: Thenardia ? laurifolia, Benth. J. c. p. 246: Forsteronia laurifolia,
A. DC. l. c. p. 438; Müll. Z c. p. 106. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo Rio Negro ad Barcellos
(Schomb. 953), Rio Negro ad Barra (Spruce 999).

A species very near the preceding, and by mistake referred to Thenardia. Its
branches are stout, rugous, griseous, glabrous, with divaricating branchlets striate and
lenticellate, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves elliptic oblong, acute, and inequilateral
at the base, gradually acuminate, margins somewhat crenulate, chartaceous, very
glabrous, glaucous green above, with a slender midrib and subimmersed fine nerves,
furnished at the base of the midrib with 2-3 yellow granular glands, ferruginous, opake
beneath, with prominent midrib and nerves 4—42 in. long, 11-12 in. broad, on sub-
reflexed petioles 3-5 lines long; panicles opposite or terminal, on short peduncles

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZX. 95

3-5 lines long, shortly branched, and bearing a capitate cluster of very small, rufously
pruinose flowers, 2 lines long, on pedicels 4 line long, with small bracteoles; sepals sub-
acute, membranaceous, 1 line long; corolla subpuberulous outside; tube 1 line long;
segments lanceolate, subreflexed, glabrous inside, dextrorsely convolute in sestivation,
1 line long; disk of 5 smooth, fleshy lobes; follicles 2 (one sometimes abortive), linear,
stoutish, 2-3 in. long, containing many oblong flat seeds with narrow winged margins,
without any coma.

3. Tuyrsanruus BENTHAMIANA, nob.: Forsteronia Benthamiana, Müll. l. c. p. 106. In Brasilia: v. s.
in herb. meo et alior. San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3481).

A species much resembling the two preceding. Its branches are glabrous, striolate,
verrucously lenticellate, with axils 14-12 in. apart; leaves lanceolate oblong, roundish
or subacute at the base, with a very narrow acute acumen, margins revolute, very
glabrous, with arcuate, fine, semi-immersed nerves, the midrib at its junction with the
petiole showing a yellow granular gland, sometimes split into 2 or more distinct
glandules, as in the typical species, ferruginously opake beneath, with a prominent
fuscous midrib, prominulent fine nerves and reticulated veins, 4-6] in. long, 13-14 in.
broad, on channelled petioles 2-8 lines long; panicles subterminal and axillary,
rufescently puberulous, 24-3 in. long, on a rather slender peduncle bare for 14 in.,
bearing above several branchlets 3 in. long, bare at the base for half their length, and
bifidly divided, with 3-4 flowers on pedicels 1 line long, and minutely bracteolated ;
sepals acute, X line long; corolla also pruinosely tomentellous, 2-21 lines long, with a
very short tube; segments lanceolate, with dextrorse convolution.

4. THYRSANTHUS SPICATUS, nob. : Forsteronia spicata, Meyer, Esseq. p. 135; A. DC. l c. p. 437 : Echites
spicata, Jacq. Am. p. 34, tab. 29: Parsonsia spicata, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. p. 65. In Carta-
gena (Jacq.): v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Campeche (Houston).

The plant of Houston agrees well with the drawing of Jacquin, who describes it as a
lofty climber, the main stem being 1 in. thick, with alternate remote branches whose
axils are nearly 2 in. apart. It exudes a copious milky juice. The leaves are opposite,
very spreading, elliptic oblong, roundish at the base, and recurved upon the petiole,
with a short suddenly acute reflexed acumen, rigidly chartaceous, with revolute margins,
green above, corrugulate, with a flattened midrib and about 10 pairs of divaricate
arching nerves, sulcate along them and the immersed reticulated veins, with a large
granulated gland at the base of the midrib, pale, ferruginous, and opake beneath, midrib
and nerves flattened, reddish, 41-53 in. long, 23-2] in. broad, on channelled petioles
3 lines long; panicles opposite, densely thyrsoid, 1-13 in. long, 3 in. broad, on short
peduncles, bearing very numerous, crowded, subsessile flowers, 2 lines long; sepals
ovate, rigid, subimbricated; corolla white, with a very short tube, villous inside ;
segments acutely oblong, equilateral, with reflexed margins, twice the length of the
tube; anthers exserted, conniving in a cone; disk of 5 lobes, as long as the 2 villous
ovaries.

96 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

5. THYRSANTHUS GARDNERI, A. DC. Z. c. p. 387: Forsteronia Gardneri, Müll. l. c. p. 100. In Brasilia»
v. s. in herb. meo prov. Goyaz (Gardn. 3891).

Apparently an erect shrub, having straight terete subpuberulous branches marked
with small white lenticels, axils 14 in. apart; leaves spreading, oblong, rounded and
subcordate at the base, gradually acute and often mucronulate at the apex, very flat,
rigidly chartaceous, opake green above, with about 8 pairs of semi-immersed nerves,
‘sulcate on the fine reticulated veins, with 2 small glands at the base of the midrib,
glaucous pale beneath, opake, nerves yellow, prominulent, 3-4 in. long, 1-14 in. broad,
on pubescent channelled petioles 1 line long; panicle terminal, laxis EE 34 in.
long, rufously pubescent, branching from the base, branchlets 24 in. long, diminishing
upwards, again branched, ultimate branchlets 4-6 lines pe bearing several closely
approximated flowers on puberulous bracteolated pedicels 3 line long; sepals acute,
puberulous, with membranaceous margins, 3 line long, with 3 minute inner basal
scales; corolla reddish, glabrous outside; tube 3 line long; segments acute, densely
lanate within, dextrorsely convolute; anthers subincluded, glabrous, smallish, with
2 parallel obtuse basal prongs; disk of 5 ovate fleshy lobes, shorter than the 2 pilose
ovaries.

6. THYRSANTHUS ADENOBAsIS, nob.: Forsteronia adenobasis, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 412. In Guiana: fi.
Pomeroon (Rob. Sehomb. 707) : non vidi.

A species near the preceding, with opposite, sometimes ternate leaves, oval or elliptic,
slightly eordate at the base, submembranaceous, glabrous above, with 6-7 pairs of
oblique nerves and reticulated veins, showing at the base of the midrib 2 large reddish
granular glands, as in the typical species, densely and shortly tomentous beneath,
4-4? in. long, 23-3 in. broad; panicle rigidly pyramidal, deep red, densely puberulous,
oppositely branched and again divided, bearing numerous small flowers.

7. THYRSANTHUS MACROPHYLLUS, nob.: Forsteronia macrophylla, Müll. Linn. xxx. 411: Tabernemontana
macrophylla, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. 276; A. DC. L c. p. 374. In Cayenne: non vidi.

A species little known, which must not be confounded with the Tabernemontana
macrophylla of Müll, described by me under Phrissocarpus rigidus. It has cinereo-
pruinose branches; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, with a short acute acumen, submem-
branaceous, fuscous green above, glabrous, cinereo-fulvous and pruinose beneath,
51-62 in. long, 33-4 in. broad, on petioles 1—1 line long; panicle terminal, pyramidally
corymbiform, 4 in. long, yellowish puberulous, lower branches elongated, all again
branched, and bearing several very small flowers on pedicels 14-2 lines long; calyx
1 line long; corolla 24 lines long, like those in 7. populifolia and T. parviflora.

8. THYRSANTHUS DIOSPYRIFOLIUS, nob.: Forsteronia diospyrifolia, Müll. Linn. xxx. 415. In Guiana Brit.
(Rob. Schomburgk 834) : non vidi.

A species near the first described, with glabrous branches thickened at the axils,
verrucously lenticellate; leaves oblong-elliptic, subobtuse at the base, shortly and

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 97

obtusely acuminated, coriaceous, with 7-10 pairs of arcuately conjoined nerves, with
others shorter and intermediate, smooth above, 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on petioles
2-3 lines long; panicles terminal or axillary, 3-4 in. long, on an elongated angular
tomentous peduncle, with many lateral branchlets bare at their base and bearing several
small pubescent flowers in heads 43-6 lines in diameter, on short pedicels, with ovate
bracts 13 line long; flowers 11-2 lines long.

9. THYRSANTHUS GUYANENSIS, nob.: Forsteronia Guyanensis, Miill. Linn. xxx. 414. In Guiana Brit.
(Schomb. 821-1466) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Sagot 1067).

A species differing from all the preceding in its slighter habit. It has slender branch-
lets, verrucously lenticellate, with axils about 1 in. apart; leaves elliptic, acute at the
-base, suddenly constricted at the summit into a shortish obtuse acumen, subcoriaceous,
margins revolute, pale green above, with divaricate slender nerves, the midrib near the
petiole charged with a yellow granular gland as in the typical species, pale reddish
yellow beneath, opake, slender nerves prominulent, mostly with a pore in their axils as
in T. Schomburgkii, 2-2] in. long, ¿-1 in. broad, on channelled petioles 14 line long;
panicle pyramidal, 2 in. long, its branches on a quadrangular rachis bearing several (4-6)
subumbellate, very small flowers, on pedicels 1 line long, all ferruginously puberulous ;
sepals acute, with ciliate margins, 1 line long; corolla 2 lines long; tube 4 line long,
puberulous; segments lanceolate, hirsutulous outside, with dextrorse szestivation, glabrous
inside, with median nerve obsoletely puberulous.

10. ThyrsANTHUS CORYMBOSUs, nob.: Forsteronia corymbosa, A. DC. (non Mey.) l c. p. 437: Griseb.
Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 412: Echites corymbosa, Jacq. Amer. p. 34, tab. 30; Sw. Obs. 105. In Antillis :
v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Dr. Wright).

A twining species, growing to the height of 20 feet; very lactescent, with divided
glabrous branches, the axils being 1 in. apart; leaves elliptic, somewhat rounded and
obsoletely cordate at the base, subacute at the summit, entire, glabrous, green above,
with prominulent red, arching nerves, and transverse, much reticulated veins, with 2-3
distant small glands at the base of the midrib, pallid beneath, 2-23 in. long, j-17 in.
broad, on slender petioles 3-4 lines long; panicle terminal, divided into two principal
branches 13 in. long, which are much divided into many approximated branchlets 9 lines
long, each on a bare pedunculate support 24 lines long, and bearing above 8 crowded
bracteolated divisions, forming a corymbulose head, each division again divided into
about 7 pedicellated flowers; bracts linear-lanceolate, membranaceous, red, obsoletely
pubescent, 13 line long; pedicels pubescent, 4 line long; sepals linear-acuminate, very
membranaceous, red, pubescent at the base, obsoletely pilosulous outside above, 1 line
long; corolla 1% line long; tube i line long; segments obtusely oblong, membrana-
ceous, red, subreflexed, 12 line long, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in a
pilose ring within the tube, exserted; anthers scarcely cohering, connivent, with a
broad membrane at the apex, and 2 parallel short obtuse lobes at the base; disk of 3 free
oblong erect lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries, pubescent at the apex; 2 elongated obtusely

terete follicles, horizontally divaricate, 8 in. long; seeds numerous, oblong, subseri-
o

98 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

ceous under a lens, otherwise, according to Jacquin and De Candolle, without a coma
Swartz says they have a setose pappus, meaning their setosely hairy covering. Grise-
bach states they have a rusty coma; but that applies to his Forsteronia Alexandri.
The flower, beyond all doubt, belongs to Thyrsanthus, and not to Forsteronia.

11. THYRSANTHUS CORYMBIFERUS, nob. : Thenardia ? corymbosa, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. ui. 246:
Forsteronia corymbosa, Mey. Esseq. p. 134, excl. synon. (non A. DC. nec Griseb.) : Forsteronia
Schomburgkii, A. DC. l. c. p. 438 (non Benth.) : Forsteronia lancifolia, Müll. (in parte), l. c. p. 106.
In Guiana (Schomb. 247) : non vidi.

This certainly is not a Thenardia; but it accords with the genus Thyrsanthus of
Bentham, and is near the preceding species. It is subscandent, with smooth branch-
lets somewhat pilose at the summits; leaves oval-oblong, obtuse and subcordate at the
base, narrowly obtuse and mucronate at the apex, membranaceous, glabrous above, with
glands at the base of the midrib, as in T. Schomburgkii, subglabrous beneath, reticulated,
2-8 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on puberulous petioles; panicle terminal, short, densely
flowered; flowers on pedicels shorter than the calyx; sepals lanceolate, without an
internal scale; tube of corolla short, with a pilose staminiferous ring in the mouth;
segments acute; anthers long, exserted, with 2 basal obtuse forks.

12. THYRSANTHUS AUBLETIANUS, nob.: Apocynum umbellatum, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. p. 275, tab. 108:
Forsteronia Schomburgkii, var. umbellata, A. DC. l. c. p. 438: Thenardia umbellata, Spreng. Syst. 1.
636; G. Don, Dict. iv. 80. . In Cayenne : non vidi.

A sarmentose species, very distinct from 7. Schomburgkii. The leaves, according to
Aublet, are rounded at the base, terminated by a long acumen, 24-84 in. long, 1-14 in.
broad, smooth above, cinereo-tomentous below, on petioles 3-4 lines long; eorymb ter-
minal, 1 in. long and broad, on a naked peduncle 9 lines long, with many flowers sub-
umbellate on the ends of its branchlets, which are 2-bracteolated at their base, the pedi-
cels being also bracteolated ; flowers 2 lines long, of a reddish colour; tube of corolla
short; the segments rounded-oblong; stamens inserted in the mouth of the tube;
anthers adhering to the clavuncle.

Aublet's specific name has not been adopted, to prevent confusion with the Echites
umbellata of Jacquin, or that of Kunth.

13. TuvzsawTHUs Acovci, nob.: Apocynum Acouci, Aubl. l. c. p. 274, tab. 107: Apocynum apiculatum,
Lam. Dict. i. p. 214: Forsteronia Acouci, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 437. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus.
Brit. Cayenne (Aublet).

This is a scandent species, with slender glabrous branchlets. Its lanceolate oblong
leaves, horizontally spreading, are somewhat acute at their base, constricted above into
an obtuse acumen, thinly chartaceous, with subrevolute margins, palish green and opake
above, glauco-pulverulent, closely granulated with dark polished dots, semi-immersed fine
nerves, and sulcate upon the finely reticulated veins, with 2 small yellow glands at the
base of the midrib, lateritious and opake beneath, with prominulent nerves, 34—4 in.
long, 1-13 in. broad, on deeply channelled petioles 1 line long; panicles terminal and

—

A nem emma

A A e es Ree Z

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 99

geminate, or axillary, 3 in. long, pubescent, bare at the base for 2 in., oppositely branched
at intervals of 9 lines, branchlets 9 lines long, again divided aboye the middle, bearing
above several lax flowers on bracteolated pedicels } line long; sepals acute, pilose,
margins membranaceous, 2 line long; corolla 14 line long; segments ovate, as long as
the tube, sublanate within, with dextrorse sestivation ; stamens subincluded.

14. TuvnsaxTHUS cracruis, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 246; A. DC. l c. p. 387. ` Tn Guiana Brit.
ad Curassawaka : v. s. in herb. meo (Schomburgk 608).

A species near the preceding, with verrucously lenticellate branches 2} lines thick,
and very slender horizontal branchlets with axils 2-3 in. apart; leaves oblong-ovate,
rounded and subcordate at the base, suddenly narrowed towards the summit into a
narrow obtuse acumen, submembranaceous, glabrous, opake green above, sulcate along
the midrib and fine diverging nerves, reticulately veined, with 2 minute glands at the
base of the midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, with scarcely prominulent nerves,
3-3) in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on slender spreading petioles 2 lines long; panicle ter-
minal, 4-53 in. long, subthyrsoid, very laxly and remotely branching from the base,
branches diverging, 24 in. long, diminishing upwards, very glabrous, again alternately
divided, the branchlets bearing many lax or subfasciculated flowers, on bracteolated
pedicels 1 line long; flowers very small, like those of the preceding species.

15. THYRSANTHUS POPULIFOLIUS, nob.: Tabernemontana populifolia, Poir. Dict. Suppl. i. p. 276; A. DC.
l. c. p. 374. In Carolina et Georgia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Georgia (Marshal).

A species with slender dichotomous branches. Its leaves are broadly ovate, subacute
at the base, shortly acuminate, subchartaceous, almost glabrous above, pale and opake
beneath, shortly and rigidly pilose, 13 in. long, 1} in. broad, on petioles scarcely 1 line
long; panicles axillary, 25 in. long, on a peduncle bare for 1} in., branching above,
branches 6-9 lines long, again shortly branched, and bearing numerous small flowers on
pedicels 2 lines long; sepals lanceolate, subrecurved, 1 line long, with several very
minute inner scales; corolla glabrous; tube contracted in the middle, 14 line long; seg- :
ments oblong ovate, 14 line long, with dextrorse convolution; stamens almost wholly
included within the tube; anthers cuspidate, with 2 long acute basal prongs; style,
stigma, and disk as in the generic character.

16. THYRSANTHUS DIFFORMIS, nob.: Echites difformis, Walth. Fl. Carol.; Pursh, Fl. Un. St. i. 178; Ellis,
Sk. i. 312: Echites puberula, Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. 120; Poir. Dict. Suppl. ii. 537 : Forsteronia
difformis, A. DC. l. c. p. 437: Secondatia difformis, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 710. In Carolina et
Florida: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Florida (Chapman). S
A slender climbing species, with pubescent branches; leaves lanceolate elliptic, acute

at the base; acuminate, membranaceous, pale green above, opake, obsoletely puberu-

lous, with slender immersed pellucid nerves and reticulated veins, with a granular
yellow gland at the base of the midrib, very pellucid, opake beneath, puberulous on the
midrib and nerves, 11-3 in. long, 6-12 lines broad, on channelled petioles 2 lines long;

panicles axillary, glabrous, 24 in. long; peduncle slender, bare at the base for 1 in.,
02

100 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

above very laxly branched, lower branches 14 in. long, again branching and bearing
about 5 lax flowers on slender bracteolated pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acuminately
lanceolate, margins pellucid, 14 line long, each with 2 lanceolate inner scales; corolla
3$ lines long; tube 24 lines long; segments 1} line long, acutely oblong, membranaceous,
with dextrorse convolution, all glabrous; stamens almost wholly included, inserted in a
pilose ring; anthers acuminate, with 2 long slender basal prongs; disk of 5 oblong lobes,
as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries ; 2 follicles, slender, acute, glabrous, 6-8 in. long.

This species, in its inflorescence and floral structure, closely resembles the preceding
from the same region, both being quite in accordance with Thyrsanthus; it is therefore
neither a Forsteronia nor a Secondatia, more especially differing from the latter in its
slender follicles, the seeds of which are not said to be comose.

17. TuvnsawTHUs PYRIFORMIS, nob. In Antillis: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuba (Sagra 141).

A species near the two following. It has slender, pallid, striolate, dichotomous
branches, with axils 1-13 in. apart; leaves obovate, subcuneate below the middle,
rounded and mucronulate at the summit, very glabrous, thinly chartaceous, flat, palish
green, above, opake, finely corrugulate, fine ascending nerves scarcely prominulent,
with 2 minute glands at the base of the subimmersed midrib, pale yellow and opake
beneath, the slender nerves scarcely visible, 2-21 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on slender
channelled petioles 4—5 lines long; panicle terminal, 23 in. long, on a peduncle bare at the
base for 6 lines, bifid, and again dichotomously branched, each branch bifid and bearing
2 fascicles of small, approximate flowers on pedicels 14 line long, supported by acute
membranaceous bracteoles ¿ line long, all slightly puberulous; sepals obtusely oblong,
with membranaceous margins, puberulous within along the nerve, 3 line long; corolla
reddish, glabrous, 23 lines long; tube 13 line long; segments 1, line long, oblong, with
dextrorse convolution; stamens mostly included ; anthers apiculate, with 2 long parallel
basal prongs; disk of 5 free oblong lobes, as long as the 2 puberulous ovaries.

18. TuvnsawTHUs PARVIFLORUS, nob.: Tabernemontana parviflora, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. 276; A. DC.
l.c. p. 374. In Amer. meridionali: non vidi.

A species near 7. populifolius, with slender branchlets; leaves oval-lanceolate, obtuse
at the base, acuminate, glabrous, dark green above, yellowish beneath, 2 in. long, 1 in.

broad, petiolated ; panicles terminal, geminate, subcymose, bearing many subumbellate .

small flowers, on short bracteolated pedicels.

19. THYRSANTHUS FASCICULATUS, nob.: Tabernemontana fasciculata, Poir. Dict. vii, 531 ; A. DC. 4. c.
p. 375. In Cayenne: aon vidi.

A. species near the preceding. Its leaves are ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate,
2-3 in. long, 13 in. broad, petiolated; panicles cymose, axillary, divided, with many
small flowers fasciculate at the ends of each ramification; tube of corolla 2-3 lines
long, with linear segments.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. 101

20. THYRSANTHUS PUBESCENS, nob.: Forsteronia pubescens, A. DC, l. c. p. 436; Müll. Z. c. p. 104. In
Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo, Ceará (Gardner 1761).

Its branches are oppositely ramose, studded with small white verrucous lenticels, sub-
pubescent, the axils being 1-2 in. apart; leaves obovate, subacute or obtuse at the base,
rounded or emarginate at the mucronulate apex, flaccidly chartaceous, green above,
subpubescent, with yellowish slender midrib and oblique nerves, with 2 collateral
fulvous glands among the hairs at the base of the midrib, pale beneath and covered with
fine short tomentum, especially on the nerves and transverse veins, between which are
very numerous fascicles of short hairs, 3-43 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on pubescent
petioles 3-7 lines long; panicle terminal, spiciform, 4 in. long, covered with reddish
pubescence, alternately branched at intervals of 2-4 lines, with short branches, the lower
ones 1 in. long, diminishing upwards, each on a bare support, carrying an almost capi-
tate head of small dense flowers on bracteolated pedicels 3 line long; sepals acute, 3 line
long; corolla 23 lines long; the acute segments 1} line long, with dextrorse convolution ;
stamens glabrous, half-exserted ; anthers acuminate, furnished at the base with 2 parallel
prongs.

21. THYRSANTHUS AFFINIS, nob.: Forsteronia affinis, Müll. l. c. p. 100, tab. 30. In prov. Alt. Ama-
zonas et confinibus : v. s. in herb meo Tarapota (Spruce 4493).

Spruce's plant agrees sufficiently with Müller's drawing. "The branchlets are slender,
subquadrangular at the summit, 'striolate, with small lenticels, the axils 3-1 in. apart;
leaves oblong elliptic, subacute at the base, as in the drawing (not cordate as in the text),
with a short, abrupt, subacute acumen, very glabrous, rigidly membranaceous, darkish
green above, subopake, suleate along the midrib and oblique slender nerves, with
2 whitish glands at the base of the midrib, pale ferruginous and opake beneath, with
prominulent red midrib and nerves, finely reticulated veins, 34-44 in. long, 1-2 in.
broad, on suleate petioles 3-31 lines long; panicle terminal, 4 in. long, remotely and
very laxly branching from the base; lower branches slender, 2 in. long, bare at the base
for half their length, again branched, branchlets 3-4 lines long, bearing at their summits -
few very small flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1 line long, all glabrous; sepals ovate
acuminate, pruinose, 1—2 line long; corolla pruinose, 13 line long; segments acute, twice
as long as the tube, woolly within, dextrorsely convolute; anthers dorsally pilose, half-
exserted; disk of 5 oblong lobes, as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries.

22. THYRSANTHUS PLACIDUS, nob. In Alta Amazonas : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Tarapota (Spruce 4295).

A species very near the preceding, differing in its pubescent leaves and spicate
inflorescence; branches very slender, puberulous, with axils ¿-1 in. apart; leaves
elliptic, acute at the base, constricted at the summit into a short acumen, flaccid, green
and subglabrous above, with immersed slender nerves, with 2 small glands at the base of
the midrib, paler beneath, yellow, covered with short soft pubescence, especially on the
prominulent nerves, 3 in. long, 13 in. broad, on pubescent channelled petioles 2 lines
long; panicle terminal, 34 in. long, thyrsoid, pubescent, on a short peduncle, with
branches 4 in. long, 2-4 lines apart, spreading, again divided, each bracteolated branch-

102 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

let bearing 3-5 approximated flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1 line long; sepals acutely
ovate, puberulous, 1 line long; corolla subglabrous, 2 lines long; segments ovate, a little
shorter than the tube, submembranaceous, smooth, with dextrorse convolution; stamens
more than half-included, anthers with 2 long basal prongs.

23. THYRSANTHUS GLABRESCENS, nob. : Forsteronia glabrescens, Müll. l. c. p. 102. In Brasilia australiore,

v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 3942) Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prov. S. Paulo
(Bowie and Cunningham).

Its branches are interruptedly striate, sublenticellate, oppositely branched, branch-
lets slender, striolate, with axils 1-13 in. apart; leaves often scarcely opposite, elliptic
oblong, obtuse at the base, ending in a sudden sharp acumen, submembranaceous,
fuscous rufescent green above, often marked by many small white leprous dots, with
about 7 pairs of semi-immersed oblique nerves, and with 2 small yellowish glands at the
base of the midrib, opake and subferruginous beneath, with prominulent reddish midrib,
nerves, and reticulated veins, 23-32 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long;
panicle terminal, pyramidally thyrsoid, laxly branched, 34 in. long; peduncle slender,
bare at the base for 4-6 lines, branches somewhat spreading, 3-1 in. long, diminishing
upwards, again laxly divided, bearing many lax flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1-14 line
long, all subglabrous or shortly puberulous; sepals ovate, subobtuse, 1 line long, each
with 3 minute inner basal scales; corolla glabrous outside, 14 line long; segments
lanceolate, as long as the tube, woolly within; anthers semi-exserted, bifurcate at the
base; disk of 5 free lobes, nearly as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries.

24. THYRSANTHUS BRACTEATUS, nob.: Echites bracteata, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 112, Icon. iii. tab. 41 (non
Kunth): Echites Velloziana, A. DC. l. c. p. 474: Forsteronia bracteata, Müll. l. c. pp. 106-453.

In prov. Rio de Janeiro : v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 4025) montibus Organensibus (in flore et fructu).

A scandent species, with rigid subflexuous rufescent branches, oppositely divided,
branchlets more slender, verrucously lenticellate, with axils 1-13 in. apart, all
covered with dense, short, ferruginous pubescence; leaves spreading, oblong ovate,
shortly cordate at the base, with a very short obtuse or acute acumen, rigidly charta-
ceous, with revolute margins, dark green above, opake, suleate on the pilosulous midrib
and oblique nerves, with 2 or more small glands among the rigid hairs at the base of the
midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, hispidly pilose upon the prominent midrib and
nerves, the hairs rufous and spreading, 13-23 in. long, 4-14 in. broad, on stout villous
petioles 11-2 lines long; raceme terminal, 1 in. long, densely hirsute, on a stoutish
peduncle 9 lines long, bearing an oblong capitate head of small flowers, all rufously hir-
sutulous, on horizontal stout pedicels 4 line long, at first approximately spicate, after-
wards more remote, the lower ones supported by lanceolate bracts 2 lines long, the upper
ones by acutely deltoid bracteoles 3 line long; sepals acute, subpilose, 1 line long;
corolla subpilose outside, glabrous within, 2 lines long; tube 13 line long; segments
membranaceous, 3 line long; stamens small, apices subexserted; disk of 5 oblong free
lobes, a little shorter than the 2 subpilose ovaries; follicles 2, horizontally divaricate,
black, sparsely pilose, terete, straight, 2 in. long, 1 line thick, subacute at the apex, each

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 108

enclosing many imbricate seeds on a narrow cylindrical placenta emanating from the
ventral suture; seeds acutely oblong, 3 lines long, j line broad (immature) with
pellucidly membranaceous margins, reddish, marked on the ventral face by the hilum,
and without the indication of a coma; embryo unknown.

A drawing of this species, with its floral and carpological analyses, is given in
Plate XIII. s. The latter analysis agrees precisely with Mr. Bentham's description
of his typical species in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 246.

25. THYRSANTHUS MULTINERVIUS, nob.: Forsteronia multinervia, A. DC. l. c. p. 437; Müll. l c. p. 104:
Wheeleria oppositifolia, Solander, Prim. Fl. Bras. p. 66. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander, a.p. 1786), Rio Parahybuna (Gardner 5543).

A species described by De Candolle from a plant collected by Gomez in the neigh-
bourhood of Rio de Janeiro, with which the above specimens well agree. It is a climb-
ing plant, with subflexuous, ferruginously pilose, lenticellate branches, the axils 1 in.
apart; leaves ovate oblong, subobtuse at the base, acutely acuminate and mucronulate,
submembranaceous, green with a reddish hue above, with about 12 pairs of parallel
subascending nerves and transverse reticulated veins, sparsely pilose, especially on the
nerves, with 2 distinct glands at the base of the midrib almost concealed by the hairs,
more densely pilose beneath, 3-5 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 2-3 lines
long; inflorescence axillary on a subdeflexed peduncle 4 lines long, subcapitate, 1 in. in
diameter, consisting of very numerous small flowers on very approximate branchlets
bare at the base for 3 lines, each bearing about 8 crowded subspicate flowers on pubescent
pedicels 1 line long, each furnished with a small lanceolate bract; sepals acutely oblong,
puberulous, $ line long; corolla glabrous, 2 lines long; tube only j line long, bearing
within a dense ring of white hairs; segments oblong, submembranaceous, of a red colour,
smooth on both sides, a small tuft at the base of the median nerve, with dextrorse con-
volution, the right inside margin involute; stamens inserted on the pilose ring; filaments
very short; anthers oblong, small, shortly bicleft at the base, terminated by an inflexed
SECH point; disk 5-lobed, as long as the 2 pilose oval ovaries.

A species near T. bracteatus.

26. THYRSANTHUS BRASILIENSIS, nob.: Forsteronia Brasiliensis, A. DC. l. c. p. 436; Müll. /. c. p. 102:
Echites torquata, Cas. (?) Pl. Bras. n. 1601. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. meo (n. 5057), Pernambuco
(Gardner 1059).

An erect shrub, 5 feet high, with slender, rufescent, glabrous, lenticellate branchlets,
having axils 1 in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, narrower below the middle, rounded at
the base, suddenly contracted at the summit into an obtuse acumen, submembranaceous,
glabrous, darkish green above, sulcate on the midrib, with 2 small glands at its base,
nerves semi-immersed, somewhat paler beneath, with prominulent reddish nerves and
reticulated veins, 12-23 in. long, 9-13 lines broad, on puberulous channelled petioles
2 lines long; a subglobose panicle 6 lines in diameter, on a peduncle 3 lines Jong,
bearing many small agglommerated flowers on pedicels 4 ling long, and an acute bract of
the same length; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; corolla 2 lines long, with a very short

104 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

tube, having a pilose ring in its mouth; segments lanceolate, with dextrorse convolution,

reddish, almost glabrous, obsoletely pubescent on the median nerve; stamens exserted.
Gardner's specimen agrees with the characters given by De Candolle and Múller.

Casasetto's plant probably belongs elsewhere, as it appears to be a twining species.

27. THYRSANTHUS RUFUS, nob.: Forsteronia rufa, Müll. l. c. p. 100, tab. 31. In Brasilia: v. v. et sicc.
in herb. meo (n. 4039) ex montibus Organensibus ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex eodem loco (Gardner
530), in herb. meo (n. 2411) sine loco (Ackermann).

I collected this species in company with Gardner in January 1838. It is tolerably
well figured by Müller (Z. c.). The branches and branchlets are ferruginously tomen-
tous, with axils 1-13 in. apart; the leaves are oblong-ovate, obtuse and rounded at the
base, constricted near the summit into a short subacute acumen, chartaceous, entire,
green and opake above, with many divaricately ascending nerves arcuately conjoined,
puberulous on the midrib, paler beneath, pubescent, with yellow prominulent nerves,
34-32 in. long, 13-13 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 3-4 lines long; the panicles,
nearly erect, are opposite in the axils, or geminate at the ends of the branches, sub-
pyramidal, 53 in. long, branching from near the base at intervals of about 4 in., closer
gradually upwards, lower branches 1 in. long, bare and bracteolated at the base, again
and again divided, all furnished with narrow acute bracteoles 4 lines long; flowers in
each branch numerous, subcongested, on pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acute, externally
pubescent, 13 line long, with few inner bifid scales; corolla 44 lines long, its tube eylin-
drical, 13 line long; segments acutely oblong, reddish, membranaceous, slightly puberu-
lous inside, with dextrorse convolution, 3 lines long; stamens exserted; filaments short,
membranaceous ; anthers 2 lines long, linear, membranaceous at the apex, with 2 obtuse
basal prongs; disk 5-lobed, as long as the 2 pilose ovaries; style very short, with a
thickened clavuncle as usual. The fruit is unknown.

Müller ascribes to this species 2 follicles more than a foot long, strangulated at remote
intervals into 5 or 6 seminiferous lobes containing several seeds with a long apical
coma; but these belong to his Forsteronia montana, a plant also from the Organ Moun-
tains, which he confounded with it, and which has a very similar habit and inflorescence.
This latter plant is fully described in a subsequent page, under that name.

28. TuvnsawTHUS sEssILIS, nob.: Echites sessilis, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 111; Icon. n tab. 85; A. DC.
L. c. p. 476: Tabernemontana sessilis, Vell. l. c. p. 106: Malouetia sessilis, Müll. 1. c. p. 96. In
Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. sine loco (Claussen).

The two plants recorded by Velloz under the same specific name are evidently iden-
tical; and Claussen's specimens agree well with them. The floral characters are not those
of Malouetia, but they accord in all respects with Thyrsanthus. Velloz found one of the
plants at Cairurü, near Paraty, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, the other near
Itagoahy, in the same province. It is a scandent species, with dichotomous, flexuous,
verruculously lenticellate, lactescent branches, the axils being 1-4 in. apart; the leaves
are elliptic oblong, roundish at the base, and suddenly constrieted upon the petiole,
shortly acuminate, patently recurved, thinly chartaceous, very glabrous, obscure green

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 105

and opake above, with scarcely prominulent midrib and oblique nerves, with 2 small long
glands at the base of the midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, with prominulent and reti-
culate veins, 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on deeply channelled reflexed petioles 3-4 lines
long; the inflorescence is axillary, or in the dichotomy of the branches, 1 in. long, con-
sisting of 8 or 10 approximate flowers on a slender peduncle 3 lines long, all glabrous,
upon pedicels 2-3 lines long, supported by an acutely ovate membranaceous bracteole 1
line long; sepals acutely ovate, submembranaceous, 1 line long, each with three minute
inner basal scales; corolla red, glabrous outside, 4 lines long; tube 3 lines long, pilose
in the throat; segments subovoid, membranaceous, 1 line long, with dextrorse con-
volution; stamens partly exserted; anthers acuminate, with 2 long, slender, parallel
basal prongs; disk of 5 oblong free lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovaries.

29. THYRSANTHUS CREBRIFLORUS, nob.: ramulis teneris, teretibus, fuscis, lenticellis parvis flavidis
' creberrime maculatis: foliis ovatis, imo subacutis, apice sensim vel abruptius acute acuminatis,
glaberrimis, submembranaceis, supra fusce viridibus, costa plana, imo glandulis 2 parvis munita,
nervis tenuissimis, violaceis, adscendenti-divaricatis, venisque reticulatis utrinque fere immersis,
subtus opace brunnescentibus ; petiolis fuscis, glabris limbo 12plo brevioribus: panicula terminali,
subthyrsoidea, quam folium paullulo breviore, e basi alternatim ramosa; pedunculo flavide pubes-
cente, ramis divisis, creberrime plurifloris, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteolatis; sepalis parvis, ovatis,
Davide membranaceis, obsolete puberulis; corolle tubo brevissimo, segmentis oblongis 2plo longi-
oribus, glabris, rufescentibus, dextrorsum paullulo convolutis; staminibus subexsertis; cateris ut
in T. myriantho. n Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Rio Parahybuna, montibus Organensibus :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex l. c. (Gardner 5013).

A species near the preceding. Its branchlets are very slender, with axils near 1 in.
apart; leaves 2-21 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long; panicle 1} in.
long; its branches 3 in. long, diminishing upwards; pedicels 4 line long, supported by a
bracteole of the same length; sepals 3 line long; tube of corolla 1 line long; segments
13 line long. The rest as in T. myrianthus. :

30. THYRSANTHUS MYRIANTHUS, nob. : Forsteronia floribunda, Müll. (non Meyer) l. c. p. 96. In Brasilia,
prov. Minas Geraés: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Arraial das Mercés (Gardner 5012).

The specimen above quoted is Gardner's 5012 (not Gaudichaud's, as Müller by mis-
take states). Its branches are fistulous, compressed, lenticellate, fuscous-reddish, with
axils 2-21 in. apart, each node furnished with 3 distinct interpetiolar stipules; leaves
ternate, spreading, oblong-elliptic, subacute at the base, narrower and mucronately
obtuse at the summit, submembranaceous, glabrous, darkish green above, with a
flattened fuscous midrib, and about 9 pairs of arcuated nerves, each with a small
concave gland within its axil, and a more or less concrete granular gland at the base of
the midrib, concolorous beneath, with reddish prominulent nerves and reticulated veins,
44-44 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on channelled lenticellate petioles 1 line long; panicle
terminal, somewhat spreading, 8 in. long, bearing innumerable very small flowers on a
peduncle bare for 7 lines, then oppositely branched at intervals of 13 in., gradually
diminishing upwards, branches very slender, arcuately ascending, bare at the base for

some distance, bracteolated, each alternately divided, the branchlets bearing several laxly
P

106 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEZ.

alternate flowers, on pedicels 1-13 line long, minutely bracteolated; sepals subacute,
membranaceous, glabrous, + line long, each with 3 minute inner scales; corolla 2 lines
long, dark red, glabrous; tube $ line long; segments 14 line long, equilateral, glabrous
outside, pubescent inside on the median nerve, with a slight dextrorse convolution ;
stamens exserted; disk of 5 free, broadly ovate lobes, as long as the 2 conical ovaries,
hairy at the summit.

31. Tuyrsantuus LuscuwaTH, nob.: Forsteronia Luschnatii, Mill. l. c. p. 98. In Brasilia, prov. Rio
de Janeiro: non vidi.

A species near the preceding, with cinereous glabrous branches; leaves ternate, ovate,
subacute at the base, shortly acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, cinereo-fuscous, with
slender, scarcely prominulent nerves, 23-2? in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on petioles
3-4 lines long; inflorescence as in the preceding species, obsoletely pubescent.

32. THYRSANTHUS MERIDIONALIS, nob.: Forsteronia meridionalis, Müll. l. c. p. 98. In Brasilia, prov.
Rio Grande do Súl ad S. Joaó Baptista (Sellow) : non vidi.

A species approaching the two preceding, with obsoletely tomentellous branches ;
leaves ternate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, with a long acute acumen, sub-
membranaceous, blackish green above, dark olive green beneath, minutely pubescent
and scabridulous, 24-24 in. long, 6-8} lines broad, on petioles 24 lines long; in-
florescence as in the preceding species, with innumerable, minute flowers.

33. THYRSANTHUS EMBELIOIDES, A. DC. Z. c. p. 387; Deless. Icon. v. 21, tab. 48: Forsteronia embelioides,
Müll. 7. c. p. 97, tab. 50. fig. 2. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Catas
Altas (Gardner 5014).

A species differing from 7. Luschnatii in its smaller and paler leaves, which exactly
resemble those of 7. difformis. Its branches are very slender, glabrous, and rufescent,
with axils 1-1i in. apart; leaves ternate, ovate-oblong, acute at the base, obtuse or
suddenly constricted at the apex into a short acumen, membranaceous, glabrous, of a
palish green above, suleate along the midrib, immersed pellucid nerves, with a longi-
tudinal granular gland hidden in hairs within the basal plicature, paler, yellowish and
opake beneath, with subprominent midrib, and reddish fine pellucid nerves and reticu-
lated veins, 1-24 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on slender petioles 3-5 lines long; panicle
terminal, laxly branched, as in 7. myrianthus, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, bearing innumer-
able very small flowers, on pedicels 1-13 line long; sepals membranaceous, 1 line long;
corolla of a reddish hue, pruinose, membranaceous ; tube 1 line long; segments roundish,
14 line long; rest as in the generic character.

34. THYRSANTHUS PILOSUS, A. DC. /. c. p. 387: Echites pilosa, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 112; Icon. iii.
tab. 38: Forsteronia pilosa, Müll. l. c. p. 99. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: non vidi.

A species near 7. myrianthus, with stoutish branches, shortly dichotomous at the apex,

with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves ternate, lanceolate-oblong, narrower and obtuse at the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 107

base, with a long, gradually acute summit, 31-5 in. long, ⁄-14 in. broad, on spreading
petioles 2 lines long; panicles terminal, thyrsoid, 4 in. long, 1 in. broad, with several
opposite divergent branchlets 2-3 lines apart, 1 in. long, shortening upwards, again
branching, each branchlet bearing about 6 alternate flowers, on pedicels 4 line long;
flowers 2 lines long; segments of border puberulous inside.

The Thyrsanthus sericeus of Sagot is referred by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 707)
to Geissospermum.

ROBBJA.

This genus was first established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, upon a Brazilian plant
which had been previously noticed by Martius as a species of Tabernemontana. The
genus was clearly defined by De Candolle, and well figured by Delessert, who added to
it analytical details of the structure of the flower and the seed; but notwithstanding
this, Dr. Müller ignored the genus, wrongly regarding the typical plant as a species of
Malouetia.

I have here added another species; but I will first correct a few errors in the recorded
details, De Candolle attributes to the segments of the corolla a sinistrorse convolution ;
but I have found this to be dextrorse, as is correctly shown in the analysis of Delessert.
In this analysis there is an omission of the 5 scales which close the mouth of the corolla,
which De Candolle rightly mentions. These scales are placed opposite to the segments,
are rounded, fleshy, ciliated on their margins, and united in an annular ring. The
anthers are enclosed for three fourths of their length within the tube, where they appear
almost sessile; but their long filaments are agglutinated to the tube, where they form
5 ridges covered by retrorse white hairs; upon the back of the anthers may be seen a
line of rigid hairs. I found also the tube of the corolla puberulous within, towards its
base. I remarked also that the inner integument of the seed is distinct, though adhering
to the testa, and that the embryo is enveloped in thin albumen.

l. RosB1A cestrornes, A. DC. l. c. p. 445; Deless. Icon. v. 23, tab. 52: Malouctia cestroides, Mill.
l. c. p. 94, tab. 29. fig. 2: Tabernemontana cestroides, Nees et Mart. Nov. Act. xi. p. 83. In prov.
Bahia et Ilheos (Blanchet 1578 et 1738) : v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit.

This species certainly does not belong to Malouetia. It is a glabrous shrub, 6 feet
high, with slender dichotomous branches, its axils being 132 in. apart; leaves elliptic
. or lanceolate oblong, acute at both ends, terminated by a short obtuse acumen, sub-
membranaceous, very glabrous, pale green above, with very fine, semi-immersed, eglan-
dulous nerves and reticulated veins, ochraceous opake beneath, with reddish prominulent
midrib and nerves, 14-23 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on slender petioles 3 lines long; |
panicles in the opposite axils, with fasciculate flowers borne on a peduncle searcely
1 line long; pedicels slender, 4-5 lines long, with a small basal bracteole; sepals sub-
acute, 3 line long; tube of corolla gradually swelling downwards, narrower upwards,
With 5 small glands in the throat, it is 3 lines long, including the short campanular

expansion of the throat; segments linear oblong, acute, 6 lines long, simply and dex-
P 2

108 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE.

trorsely convolute, rotately expanded, recurved at the apex; stamens included within
the throat, seated on 5 pilose lines; disk of 5 oblong free lobes, half as long as the 2
pilose obtusely oblong ovaries; style slender, bearing a clavuncle membranaceous at its
base, adhering to the anthers; 2 short, erect, terminal stigmata; 2 divaricate follicles,
terete or subfusiform, 3 in. long, 24 lines thick, arcuate; seeds without an apical coma,
oblong, subcompressed, with a central hilum on one face, densely covered all over
with erect cottony hairs, which extend far beyond the apex; embryo in thin albumen,
with 2 linear-oblong flat cotyledons 8 times as long as the narrow terete superior
radicle.
A drawing of this species, with its floral analysis, is shown in Plate XII. B.

2. RoBBIA GOSSIPINA, nob.: ramulis quadrangulatis, dichotomis, ad nodos compressos dilatatis: foliis
oppositis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen lineare obtusum attenuatis, marginibus subundulatis,
tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, sublucentibus, ad nervos sulcatulis, subtus fulvide pallidioribus,
opacis, costa rubella prominula, nervis adscendenti-divaricatis, cum glandula cava in quaque axilla,
venis reticulatis immersis; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, margine nodi insertis, limbo 12plo brevi-
oribus ; pedunculo fructifero axillari et subterminali, quam petiolus 3plo longiore: folliculis 2, paullo
divarieatis, subulato-teretibus, apice obtuso incurvatis, sutura ventrali dehiscentibus, marginibus
introflexis placentiferis ; seminibus plurimis, ventre subconcavis et curte pilosis, medio hilo oblongo
peltatim affixis, dorso pilis lanatis longissimis erectis densis ultra apicem extensis; embryone
heterotropo, in albumine incluso, cotyledonibus oblongis, foliaceis, quam radicula supera teres 6plo
longioribus. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie et Cunningham).

The opposite leaves are fixed on the edges of the prominent transverse compressed
nodes, which are ¿ in. apart; the leaves are 3-4 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on petioles
3-4 lines long, and are conspicuous for the concave glands seen beneath in the axil of
each nerve. The fructiferous peduncle is 9 lines long, terminated by 2 suberect, terete,
tapering follicles 22 in. long, 23 lines broad, containing numerous cottony seeds densely
covered by long, soft, ascending hairs, which extend 6 lines beyond the summit, being
very short towards the base; the testa is 9 lines long, 13 line broad, very compressed ; the
raphe and hilum are seen on the middle of one face.

A drawing of this species, with its follicles, and analysis of its seeds, are seen in
Plate XII. c.

3. Rossia Macrocarpa, nob.: Echites ? macrocarpa, Rich. (non Wallich) Fl. Cub. p. 94; Walpers Ann.
v. 495. In ins. Cuba: non vidi.

This species cannot belong to any other genus than Robbia, with which it agrees well
in all its essential characters. It is glabrous, with an erect, branching, woody stem, the
branches being virgate; the leaves are ternately verticillate, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse,
coriaceous, below finely reticulated, marked by many close impressed dots, on longish
petioles; flowers aggregated in a cyme. As in the preceding species, one of its follicles is
abortive, the other being very elongated and narrow, more than 18 in. long, 2 lines

broad, containing many oblong-linear compressed seeds covered all over with very long
white hairs.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 109

SKYTANTHUS.

A genus first proposed by Meyen in 1834, upon a Chile plant. A second species was
described by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, as the type of his genus Neriandra—an excel-
lent analysis, under the latter name, being shown in Delessert's Icones. Its fruit and
seeds, however, were then unknown. Miller, in 1860, described a third species, and at
the same time figured the fruit and seeds of De Candolle's species. The genus is dis-
tinguished by the long setaceous termination of its anthers—a feature also occurring in
Nerium and Strophanthus, in the tribe Stipecomee: it is also notable for the total absence
of a disk. The fruit consists of 2 long slender follicles, containing many imbricate, oblong,
glabrous, compressed seeds winged at both extremities, without am apical coma, and
peltately attached by a central hilum to the inflected placenta. This structure places
the genus in the tribe Robbiee.

1. SkvraNTHUS acurus, Meyen, Reise i. 376; Endl. Gen. Suppl. p. 1396; A. DC. I. c. p. 488: Skytalan-
thus acutus, Schauer, Nov. Act. xix. Suppl. i. 361; Gay, Chile, iv. 385; Walp. Rep. vi. 478:
Neriandra angustifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 422. In Chile ad Copiapo : non vidi.

A low shrub, with a subprostrate or procumbent stem, and terete pubescent branches ;
leaves approximated, opposite or alternate, lanceolate, subcuneate at the base, obtuse,
with a recurved mucronate apex, entire, coriaceous, with revolute margins, midrib
immersed above, prominent beneath, opakely glaucous above, farinaceously puberulous
below, 11-2 in. long, 2-3 lines broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; cymes axillary or ter-
minal, shorter than the leaves, on a trichotomous peduncle, few-flowered, with minute
bracts; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, as in the pedicels hirtellous, 14 line long;
tube of yellow corolla 7 lines long, villous within; segments oval, of the same length,
puberulous outside; anthers exserted, with long apical appendages; 2 long, terete, com-
pressed subulate, falcate, velvety follicles, horn-shaped, giving to the plant the name of

“ euernecilla."

2. SkvrANTHUS HANCORNLEFOLIUS, nob.: Neriandra hancorniefolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 422; Deless. Icon. y
22, tab. 50; Müll. 7. c. p. 63, tab. 50. fig. 1. In prov. Bahia, Jacobina, in montibus: non vidi.

A shrubby species, with terete glabrous branches; leaves opposite or subalternate,
oblong, cuneate at the base, subacute towards the apex, nerves approximate, patently
parallel, slender, 13-2 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on very slender petioles 4-7 lines
long; panicles dichotomous in opposite axils, slender, 2-23 in. long; pedicels 4 lines
long, slender, with a very minute basal bracteole; sepals acutely linear, imbricated,
1} line long, without inner scales; tube of corolla 3 lines long, narrowly cylindrical ;
segments 6 lines long, oblong, subreflexed, dextrorsely convolute; stamens seated in
the middle of the tube, with long, exserted apical appendages, spirally twisted together ;
disk none; 2 free ovaries; follicles 2, terete, puberulous, horizontally expanding, ex-
trorsely arching, 8 in. long, 2 lines broad; seeds oblong, winged all round, 8 lines long,
2 lines broad, with a central hilum, peltately attached on each side of a solid torose

placenta.

110 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE2,

3. SkvraNTHUS Martianus, nob.: Neriandra Martiana, Müll. l. c. p. 62, tab. 18: Habsburghia comans,
Mart. Pl. Bras. Medic. In Brasilia, ad Rio San Francisco: non vidi.

This is said to resemble much the preceding species; and it comes from near the same
locality. It differs only in the form and pubescence of its leaves; the axils are ¿—1 in.
apart; the leaves are oblong-elliptic, subacute at both ends, pubescent at first, afterwards
glabrous above, with close patent nerves, 13-22 in. long, 6-7 lines broad, on petioles
5 lines long; peduncle 2 in. long, twice trichotomously divided.

4. Skyrantaus Havanensis, nob.: Neriandra Havanensis, Müll. Linn. xxx. 401. In Havana (Sagra
274) : non vidi.

A species with very slender branches, trichotomously divided, with axils 4 in. apart;
leaves broadly ovate, inequilateral, and suddenly acute at the base, terminated by a
short, oblique, acute, often recurved acumen, glabrous, with many close, parallel,
straight nerves conjoined near the margin and ¿-1 line apart; they are 2-22 in. long,
14-12 in. broad, on petioles 6 lines long; panicles trichotomously branched, shorter than
the leaves, bearing 12 to 18 flowers, on slender pedicels 2 to 4 times as long as the
calyx; sepals broadly ovate, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, 11 line long; tube of
corolla 34 lines long, campanulate in the mouth; segments 53 lines long, triangularly

_inequilateral; anthers small, ovoid, terminated by filiform appendages of nearly equal
length, twisted together; ovaries short, glabrous.

The Veriandra suberecta, A. DC., founded on the Echites suberecta, Sw. et And. (non
Echites suberecta, Jacq.), belongs to my genus Chariomma. It is referred by Bentham
and Hooker (Gen. ii. 705), to Urechites, here confounding the two plants figured by
Andrews and Jacquin under the same name, which are very distinct.

In p. 28 I have alluded to a mistake imputed by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker to
Müller, in regard to the supposed identity of Cameraria and Skytanthus; but I find this
not to be Miiller’s mistake, but one of the many blunders of Prof. Grisebach, who in
his Cat. Pl. Cub. n. 16, p. 170, confounds together Cameraria latifolia and Neriandra
Havanensis.

CHARIOMMA *. i

Most of the plants forming this group were placed, doubtfully, by De Candolle, in
Neriandra, a genus since abandoned ; and they certainly differ widely in several respects.
Neriandra (now Skytanthus, by right of priority) has a rather small hypocrateriform
corolla, with narrow segments; the stamens are seated below the mouth, and the
twisted appendages are exserted; there is no disk. On the other hand, in Chariomma
the corolla is larger (often very large), with broad dolabriform segments, the stamens are
wholly included, being inserted below the middle of the tube, and there is a conspicuous
disk. The type is the Echites suberecta of Swartz and Andrews (not of Jacquin).

Cuaxioumma, nob. Sepala 5, acute lanceolata, membranacea, erecta, valde imbricata, intus singulatim
squamulis 3 parvis acutis ad basin predita. Corolla seepius majuscula; tubus pro tertia parte imo

* From xapus (gaudium), dupa (facies), from its large handsome flowers.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYN ACER, 111

cylindricus, superne campanulatus, fauce nudus ; ; segmenta 5, latissime dolabriformia, angulo sinistro
acuto, dextrorsum convoluta, subrotatim expansa. Stamina 5, omnino inclusa; filamenta breviter
linearia, margine pilosa, ad contractionem tubi inserta; anthere lineares, subacute bifurcate, apice
in appendices 4plo longiores, tenuissime lineares, spiraliter tortas prolongatz. Discus e lobis 5
oblongis carnosis constans. Ovaria 2, oblonga, disco 2plo longiora. Stylus subtenuis; clavuncula
incrassata, imo in membranam late peltatam expansa. Stigmata 2, obtusa, seepe pilosa, terminalia.
Folliculi 2, longi, teretes. Semina plurima, imbricata (non alata), compressa, apicem versus lanu-
ginosa, ecomosa.

Suffrutices Antillani et Columbienses, subscandentes ; folia opposita, interdum ternata aut verti-
cillata, ovata vel oblonga, breviter petiolata ; panicule terminales aut axillares; fores speciosissimi,
lutei vel albi. $

1. CHARIOMMA SURRECTA, nob.: Echites suberecta, Sw. (non Jacq.) Observ. p. 104; Andrews in Bot.
Repos. tab. 187; Sims, Bot. Reg. xxvii. tab. 1064, var. 8; Lunan, Hort. Jam. ii. 144: Nerium sar-
mentosum (2), P. Browne, Jam. p. 180: Neriandra suberecta, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 422: Hemadictyon
suberectum, Don, Dict. iv. 23: Urechites neriandra, Griseb. Fl. B. W. Ind. p. 415. In Antillis :
non vidi.

This species has been confounded with the Zchites suberecta of Jacquin by every
botanist, from Swartz downwards (except De Candolle), both plants being natives of
Jamaica; but this differs in many essential particulars, especially in its inflorescence,
with large yellow flowers, in the position of its stamens, terminated by long twisting
filiform appendages, and the presence of a disk. It grows in savannas, flowering all the
year round, is a shrubby plant, charged with milky juice, and, when supported by other
shrubs, grows to a height of 10 feet, but in the open savannas to only 8 or 4 feet, some-
times even to only 1 foot. Its branching stem is glabrous, the branches straight, weak,
terete, pubescent, the dilated axils 2-3 in. apart; opposite leaves ovate, rounded at
the base, subobtuse and mucronate at the apex, subcoriaceous, entire, with very
revolute margins, above nitid, reticulated, somewhat pallid beneath, subhirsutulous,
24 in. long, 11-12 in. broad, on channelled puberulous petioles 3 lines long; racemes
lateral at the nodes, 2-21 in. long; peduncle bare for the length of 1-13 in., trifid above,
and bearing 5-7 opposite flowers on pedicels 2-4 lines apart and 3-5 lines long, each
with a basal bracteole 3-4 lines long; sepals linear acuminate, hirsute, 3-4 lines long;
corolla very large; tube cylindrical, 15 lines long, contracted near its base for a quarter
of its length, swelling above, 5 lines broad in the mouth, hispidly pubescent externally,
with red striate lines within; segments roundly dolabriform, acute at the sinister angle,
dextrorsely convolute, rotately expanded, smooth inside, membranaceous, yellow, 12
lines long, 9 lines broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, included;
Miish short, pilose; anthers linear, corneous below and bifurcate, prolonged at the
summit into very long filiform appendages, spirally twisted together, and nearly reaching
the mouth; disk of 5 oblong, free, crenate lobes, surrounding the 2 small ovaries; style
short and slender, clavuncle incrassate; stigmata 2, obtuse, terminal. The 2 follicles,
, According to Swartz, are very long, terete and pubescent. Sloane says they are set
together like bull’s horns. They contain several imbricate seeds, lanuginous towards

the apex, as in Elytropus and Skytanthus.
The whole plant is extremely poisonous.

112 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

The specific name is changed to surrecta, that it may no longer be confounded with
the Echites suberecta of Jacquin (non Sw.).
A drawing of it, with its floral analysis, is given in Plate XV. B.

2, Cuartomma Domrncensts, nob.: Echites Domingensis, Sw. Prodr. p. 52; Fl. Occid. i. 529; Jacq.
Coll. i. p. 73; Icon. Rar. tab. 53; A. DC. Z. c. p. 452: Echites heterophylla, Gmelin, Syst. i. 497:
Urechites Jamaicensis, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 416. In Antillis : non vidi.

A very slender, branching, climbing plant, growing to a height of 10 feet, with fili-
form, terete, pubescent, lactescent branchlets; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, acute at the summit, entire, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous above,
nerved and reticulately veined, pale ferruginous beneath, and scabridly pubescent, those
of early growth narrowly linear and 3 in. long, those of permanent production 1-13 in.
long, 6 lines broad, on short pubescent petioles; panicles axillary, subracemose, shorter
or longer than the leaves, on bifid peduncles, each branch bearing few large odoriferous
yellow flowers; sepals subulately linear, erect, subhirtous, 4 lines long; tube of corolla
1 in. long, cylindrical below for a length shorter than the sepals, swelling above, and
spreading to a breadth of 5 lines in the mouth, which is villous inside and subpenta-
gonous ; segments large, obliquely inequilateral, undulated on the margin, 12 lines long,
10 lines broad; stamens seated at the contraction of the tube, enclosed; anthers linear,
with long slender apical appendages, spirally twisted together; disk of 5 roundish yellow
lobes, embracing the 2 ovaries; style short; clavuncle incrassate, 5-lobed; stigmata 2,
globose.

This species evidently belongs to Chariomma (not to Skytanthus), on account of its in-

florescence with large yellow flowers, the position of its stamens, and the presence of a
conspicuous disk.

3. CHARIOMMA MUCRONULATA, nob. In ins. San Thomas, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex loc. cit. (Rhyons,
sub Echites erecta).

A species near C. Domingensis, differing in the size and shape of its leaves and in its
smaller flowers. It has rather slender terete branches, with axils 14 in. apart; leaves
opposite, oblong, narrower towards the roundish base, broader and rounded at the mu-
cronulate summit, chartaceous, with subcrenulate revolute margins, pale green above, very
opake, with about 8 pairs of scarcely prominulent fine ascending nerves, opake and sub-
ochraceous beneath, with a flattened midrib, prominulent nerves, and finely reticulated
veins, 2-27 in. long, $-1 in. broad, on channelled petioles 2 lines long; inflorescence
axillary, as long as the leaves, on a bifid pedales each branch bearing 3 or 4 flowers
on finely hirsutulous pedicels 3 lines long; sepals linear, acuminate, membranaceous,
hirsutely pilose outside, 3 lines long, + liue broad, pilose along the nerve within, with
2 or 9 very minute internal scales; tube of corolla 7 lines long, stoutish, narrower at its
base for 23 lines, spreading above to a breadth of 6 lines ; segments dolabriform, 6 lines
long, and as broad, acute at the sinister angle, and dextrorsely convolute, subvillous
outside, as well as the tube; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube, and alto-
gether included ; filaments pilose; anthers ovate, shortly bifureate at the base, expanded

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 113

at the summit into long slender appendages, spirally twisted together, and scarcely
reaching the mouth; disk of 5 ovate fleshy lobes, half the length of 2 acutely oblong
ovaries; style shortish, clavuncle incrassate, with a basal peltate membrane; stigmata 2,
pilose; 2 erect follicles, slender, terete, arching, conjoined at the apex, near 3 in. long,
1 line thick.

4. CHARIOMMA FLAVA, nob.: Dipladenia flava, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4702; Müll. in Linn. xxx. 445;
Walp. Ann. v. 496. In Nova Granada (Purdie), in Kew cult. : non vidi.

A scandent plant, closely resembling the typical species in its habit and inflorescence,
more especially in its stamens terminated by long setiform appendages; there can be no
hesitation, therefore, in placing it here, especially as Sir William Hooker did not observe
its disk. Its terete branches are firm, pilose when young; its axils 3 in. apart; its
opposite leaves ovate, subacute at the base, shortly and acutely constricted at the apex,
submembranaceous, younger ones pilose, 2-23 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, on petioles
4-6 lines long; raceme axillary or terminal, with 2 or 3 showy yellow flowers, or only a
single one by abortion, all sericeo-pilose; peduncle 6 lines long; bracts foliaceous,
4 lines long; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals subulate, 4 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in.
long, narrowly constricted below the middle; segments broadly dolabriform, 1 in. long
and broad ; stamens included, their long twisting appendages reaching the mouth.

5. CHARIOMMA NOBILIS, nob.: Dipladenia nobilis, Lemaire, Ann. Soc. Gand. iii. 331, tab. 152; Van
Houtte, Fl. des Serres, v. 437; Paxton, Mag. Bot. xvi. 66, cum icone; Walp. Ann. iii. 44; Müll.
Fl. Bras. ¢. c. p. 130. In Brasilia, prov. S. Catharina: non vidi.

A handsome species, only known as a cultivated plant. It approaches C. flava in its
elongated twisting anthers. It has several erect stems growing out of a tuberous root,
which are green, glabrous, and lactescent; leaves small, oyate, subcordate, with a short
obtuse acumen, shining above, with numerous parallel nerves; racemes opposite, with
large, tricoloured flowers; sepals small, gibbous at the base, recurved at the apex; tube
of corolla 3 in. long, narrowly cylindrical at its base for the length of 1 in., funnel-
shaped above, and costate, yellow below, dark purple within the mouth; segments un-
guiculate, broadly dolabriform, uncinately acute, of a pale rose-colour ; stamens inserted
in the constriction of the tube; anthers very elongated at the apex, and there spirally
twisted together.

The plant is certainly not a Dipladenia.

6. CHARIOMMA VERTICILLATA, nob.: Apocynum scandens, amplissimo' flore luteo; Plumieria fol. ovato-
oblongis, Plum. Amer. i. p. 21, tab. 29: Nerium oleander, Lunan (in parte), Hort. Jam. ii. 181.
In Jamaica : non vidi.

A handsome species, differing from all the preceding in its larger, verticillate leaves,
and broad terminal corymb of several large handsome flowers. From Plumier's drawing,
the stem has ternate branches, subscandent, with axils 4 in. apart; the lower leaves are
opposite, the intermediate and terminal quaternately verticillate; they are ovate-ellipti e,
oblong, subobtuse at the base, terminated by a short acumen, rigid, with entire margins,

and arcuately conjoined nerves patently divaricate, 3-4 in. long, 13-1 in. broad, on
Q.

114 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

stout petioles 3 lines long; terminal panicle sessile, trifidly branching from its base,
each branch on a peduncle j-1 in. long, bearing 3 yellow flowers, on pedicels 3 lines
long, supported by linear bracts; sepals acutely oblong, 6 lines long; tube of corolla
23 in. long, narrowed below the middle, campanularly expanding above; segments
rhomboidally dolabriform, 14 in. long and broad. There are indications in the rough
drawing of the long setiform expansions of the anthers. According to Lunan, the leaves
are poisonous and acrid, and the disk of 5 lobes tridentate at the apex.

7. CHARIOMMA SCANDENS, nob.: Apocynum scandens flore nerii albo, Plum. Descr. Plants Amer. p. 82,
tab. 96. In insul. S. Domingo et Martinico: non vidi.

A lactescent, sarmentaceous shrub, with opposite cinereous branches 2 lines thick,
with axils 44-54 in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, gradually narrower towards the base
and decurrent on the petiole, roundish above and suddenly terminating in a short
mucronate point, entire, rigidly chartaceous, bright green above, with about 15 pairs of
parallel patent arching nerves, darker beneath, 23-33 in. long, 13-13 in. broad, on
petioles 5-6 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle ¿-13 in. long, bearing on its
summit 3-4 verticillate flowers, or more often a solitary flower by abortion; bracts
short, linear; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals oblong, subacute, 3 lines long; tube of
corolla 2 in. long, contracted below the middle, funnel-shaped above, of a reddish
colour; segments white, dolabriform, uncinate at one angle, 12 lines long, 9 lines
broad; follieles terete, parallel, erect, acute, 8 in. long, 1j line thiek, subconjoined at
the apex; seeds many, clothed on their surface with dark reddish soft hairs.

Althougn so little of the floral structure is known, it is manifest from its habit, its
large handsome corolla like that of an oleander, with broad dolabriform segments
uncinate on one angle, that it belongs to this genus, with which it agrees in the
character of its follicles, as indicated by Swartz. The exserted appendages of the
anthers are seen in Plumier's rough figure, by error 8 in number. It is a species evi-
dently congeneric with his Apocynum scandens, last described.

ELYTROPUS.

A genus established in 1860, by Dr. Müller, upon the Echites pubescens, Hook. and
Arn., a plant from Chile, and which comprises few species. These are mostly shrubs,
with opposite, ovate or elliptic leaves, upon short petioles, and very short, few-flowered
axillary panicles; they bear 2 compressed linear follicles, with several imbricated seeds,
without any apical coma, which are much flattened, clothed above the middle with
many ascending soft hairs, which extend far beyond the apex, and are peltately attached
in the middle to intruding placentze. Each seed contains an embryo in thin albumen,
with foliaceous cotyledons, and a terete radicle of the same length.

l. Enrrropus PUBESCENS, nob.: Echites pubescens, Hook. & Arn. (non R. € Sch.) Bot. Beechy Voy.
< p.34: Journ. Bot. i. 286: Elytropus Chilensis, Müll. (in parte), in Linn. xxx. 440, In Chile: v. s-
in herb. meo (n. 20758), Valdivia (Bridges 661)

_ A species much stouter than the others following, which have been confounded with

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 115

it. Its branches are brown, compressed, striate, glabrous, the younger branchlets
puberulous; the axils are 14 in. apart; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, roundish at the
base, and subcordate,. subacuminate, coriaceous, dark green above, corrugulate, gla-
brous, with slender immersed nerves, yellowish opake beneath, granulated midrib and
nerves prominulent and pubescent, without apparent veins, 2-2} in. long, 1-1} in.
broad, on stoutish pubescent petioles 2-3 lines long ; racemés short, axillary, ¿ in. long,
on à very short peduncle, bearing 2-3 alternate approximate flowers; pedicels very
short, bracteolated; sepals obtusely oblong, pilose outside; corolla with a short tube;
segments spathulately oblong, longer than the tube, with simple dextrorse convolution ;
stamens inserted near the base of the tube; anthers acuminate, with 2 basal aristate
prongs ; disk of 5 free, erect lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovaries; 2 erect, terete follicles,
pilose, 33 in. long, the sutural margins introflexed and seminiferous; seeds oblong, com-
pressed, with a small central hilum, furnished dorsally above the middle with dense
erect hairs extending far beyond the summit.

A drawing of this species, with an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, is shown in
Plate XIV. a. i

2. ELyrropus CmiLensis, Müll. Bot. Zeit. 1860, p. 21, cum icone; Linn. xxx. 440: Echites Chilensis,
A. DC. Prodr. viii. 468; Gay, Chile, iv. 387. In Chile: v. s. in herb. meo (n. 20337); ad Chillan
(Germain, in flore et fructu).

A climbing species, near the preceding, but easily distinguished by the very dilated
nodes of its branches, which are 3 in. (sometimes 2 in.) apart; the branches are reddish
brown and softly pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, gradually acute
above the middle, rigidly chartaceous, with revolute margins, pale green above, sulcate
along the nerves, the younger ones sparsely hirsute with hairs globose at the base, pallidly
flavid beneath, very opake, subrugulous, midrib and nerves very prominent, and patently
hirsute, 11-21 in. long, 8-14 in. broad, on stoutish, recurved, rigidly hirsute petioles
2-4 lines long; flowers geminate or solitary in the axils on patently pilose pedicels
3 lines long, each bearing 3 alternate acute bracteoles; sepals acute, pale green, pubes-
cent, 3 lines long, 14 line broad; corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical tube 2] lines long;
segments ovate, 4 lines long, 24 lines broad, with simple dextrorse convolution; rest as
in the preceding species; 2 follicles, parallelly erect, linear, compressed, subtorulose,
flavidly pubescent, when not quite ripe 3 in. long, 14 line broad, often conjoined at
the apex. :

3. Exyrrorvs PrARMICUS, nob.: Echites Chilensis, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 440: Echites ptarmica, Popp.
Gen. iii. 69, tab. 278: Vinca sternutatoria, Popp. MS. in herb. Chile australis, ad Antuco
(Póppig) : non vidi.

A low shrub, with several procumbent or scandent ramose hirsute branches, about

1 foot long; the oval leaves, obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, obtusely acute E the

summit, pubescent beneath and hirsute along the midrib, are 2-34 in. long, 1-12 in.

broad, on petioles 2-8 lines long; 1 or 2 flowers dn a short axillary peduncle, with
decussate oblong bractlets 1 line long; pedicels 13 line long; sepals ES oblong,

. 116 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ.

subinequilateral, pubescent, ciliato-denticulate on the margins, 4 lines long; corolla
4 lines long, tubular, with a border of 5 ovate-oblong, nearly equilateral segments dex-
trorsely convolute in œstivation; stamens seated a little above the base of the tube on
short pubescent filaments; anthers hairy behind, included, and nearly as long as the
tube; disk of 5 obtusely ovate truncated lobes, as long as the ovaries; style short,
incrassated at its summit by a cylindrical clavuncle, having a 5-cleft indusium at its
base; stigmata 2, shortly rounded; 2 follicles, spreading, terete, pointed, glabrous out-
side. A species well known to the natives under the name of “ quilmay,” being used to
produce sneezing.

4. ELYTROPUS HETEROPHYLLUS, nob. : Elytropus Chilensis, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 440: Echites hetero-
phyllus, Miquel in Linn. xxv. 653. In Chile, prov. Valdivia (Lechler) : v. s. in herb. meo (n. 7914),
Chiloé (Capt. King).

Captain King's plant does not appear to differ from that of Lochler, as described by
Miquel. The branches are dark red, terete, scabridly granulous, not dilated at the axils,
which are 1-13 in. apart; leaves opposite, in equal pairs, but the pairs vary in size, the
lower ones largest, they are elliptic, narrower and obtuse at the base, acuminate and
mucronate at the summit, rigidly chartaceous, with very revolute margins, green above,
glabrous, subrugulous, flavidly opake beneath, punctate-rugulous, hairy on the midrib
and 8 pairs of ascending prominulent nerves, scabridulous to the touch; the pairs of
leaves are respectively 2%, 12 in. long, 6, 11 lines broad, on slender, patent, puberulous
petioles 4-6 lines long; flowers solitary in the opposite axils, on slender pedicels
4-6 lines long, each bearing about 3 pairs of opposite bracteoles; sepals linear, acute,
very membranaceous, subglabrous, or ciliolate, 24 lines long, 3 line broad, with alternate
acute inner scales; tube of corolla 33 lines long; segments oblong, 34 lines long, 2 lines
broad, with simple dextrorse convolution ; rest as in the other species. Miquel attributes
to it 2 follicles, erect, subtorulose, acute at each end, 3 in. long.

5. ELYTROPUS SPECTABILIS, nob.: Echites spectabilis, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, Beibl. 44; A. DC.
l. c. p. 462; Müll. l c. p. 153. In Amazonas, Rio Negro et Rio Solimoés ; in regione Japurensi :
non vidi.

A plant evidently congeneric with the Echites ptarmica of Póppig. It has a stoutish,
terete, subtomentous trunk, with climbing thickish branchlets covered with fuscous
pilose hairs, and with distant internodes; the opposite large leaves are oblong, slightly
cordate at the base, with a short narrow acumen, membranaceous, of a dark olive hue,
with subrevolute margins, opake on both sides, glabrous, with 10 pairs of divaricate
nerves arcuately conjoined near the margins, without any apparent veins, 10-12 in. long,
4-54 in. broad, on petioles 12-2 in. long; inflorescence in opposite axils, as long as the
petioles; peduncle 3 lines long, supporting 8 slender pedicels 52-74 lines long, covered
with from 16 to 20 linear-subulate bracts 3 lines long, the last 5 alternate with the sepals,
all clothed with velvety tomentum, and terminated by a single flower, 2-24 in. long;
sepals linear-subulate, pubescent, 4-5 lines long, each with an internal basal tridentate
scale; corolla white, with a cylindrical tube constricted below the middle, with a border

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. : 117

of 5 expanded obliquely ovate segments, somewhat shorter than the tube, glabrous;
disk of 5 erect lobes as long as the 2 ovaries; 2 straight erect follicles, 10 in. long,
91 lines broad ; seeds scarcely observed. "These characters are quite analogous to those
of Elytropus ptarmica, differing in an inflorescence of 8 instead of 2 pedicellate
flowers.

ERIADENIA *.

A peculiar genus, founded upon an erect shrub with opposite leaves, marked by
immersed closely parallel nerves, as in Neriwm and Hancornia. In habit and inflores-
cence it resembles Rhodocalyx, having rufescent sepals with parallel nerves, a long
tubular corolla, its segments similarly contorse, sagittate anthers, a disk of 5 free
fleshy lobes, a style with a similar clavuncle, follicles of the same shape and size;
but it differs in many essential particulars, especially in the want of an apical coma in
the seeds.

ERIADENIA, nob. Sepala 5, ovata, parallele nervosa, extus pilosa, singula squama lata ciliata 2-3-lacinu-
lata intus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis, tubo anguste cylindrico, longo, recto, utrinque
glabro, intus paullo infra faucem glandulis 5 breviter oblongis donato, limbi segmentis 5, glan-
dulis alternis, inzquilateris, trapezoideo-linearibus, tubo «equilongis, intus horizontaliter plicatis
et dextrorsum convolutis. Stamina 5, paullissime supra basin tubi inserta, subsessilia; anthere
lineares, sagittatz, apice longe cuspidate, imo tenuiter parallele 2-furcate, medio extus puberule,
intus anguste 2-loculares. Discus 5-lobus, lobis liberis, erectis, ovatis, extus brevissime pilosis,
margine crebre ciliatis. Ovaria 2, ovata, disco equilonga, puberula. Stylus brevissimus, subvalidus,
striatus, 2-suleatus, apice clavuncula conica 10-sulcata imo 5-dentatim expansa incrassato ; stig-
mata 2, acute linearia, foliacea, erecta. Folliculi 2, tereti-cylindrici, subcurvati, subtorulosi ;
semina pauca, compressissima, lineari-oblonga, apice rostrata, subimbricata, hilo parvo centrali
peltatim affixa, pilis rufulis rigidis densissime patentim villosa.

Frutex Peruvianus ; folia opposita, ovata, patentissime et parallele nervosa, petiolata ; inflorescentia
extraaxillaris, racemosa; pedicelli alterni, bracteolati; flores majusculi, rubri.

ERIADENIA OBOVATA, nob. : ramulis subfistulosis, erectis, angulato-sulcatis, epidermide tenui laxa striata:
foliis oppositis, cuneato-obovatis, apice rotundatis, et in acumen mucroniforme obtusum repente
constrietis, coriaceis, marginibus integris revolutis, supra profunde viridibus, subnitentibus, nervis
patentissimis crebre parallelis utrinque omnino immersis, costa sulcata, subtus flavide opacis,
costa prominente; petiolo canalienlato, quam limbus 8plo breviore: racemo laterali; pedunculo
foliis dimidio breviore; pedicellis circa 8, alternis, imo bracteolatis, calyce 2plo longioribus ; sepalis
brevibus, obtuse oblongis, extus puberulis, marginibus glabris et membranaceis ; corolla hypocrateri-
formi; tubo longe cylindrico; segmentis 5, imo trapezoideis, medio mucronatis, dein lineari-
expansis, tubo subzequilongis, rubris: cæt. ut in char. generico. In Peruvia alta: v. s. in herb. meo
et alior. Tarapota (Spruce 4303).

Its straight branchlets have axils 1 in. apart; the leaves are 21—3 in. long, 14-14 in.
broad, on rather slender petioles 4 lines long, united transversely by a line on each side;
the peduncle is about 12 in. long, bearing about 8 or 10 alternate flowers on pedicels
5 lines long, each with an acute ovate bract two thirds of its length; the sepals are
2 lines long; the tube of the corolla 12 lines long, 1j line broad; segments 11 lines

* Ab épor (lana), däin (glandula), from its hairy disk.

118 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

long, 3 lines broad at the base, 1 line broad beyond the middle; the glands in the
throat are 4 line long; the stamens, 4 lines long, are seated 1 line above the base of
the tube; the lobes of the disk and ovaries are 13 line long, the style and stigmata
2 lines long; the follicles are 4 in. long, the pericarp subcoriaceous, pale within, with
many parallel nerves, impressed where the seeds make it somewhat torulose; the seeds
are linear-oblong, rostrate, 7 lines long, densely covered on both sides by reddish long
hairs spreading in all directions, but without any apical coma.

A drawing of this species (with an analysis of its flower, fruit and seeds) is given in
Plate XIV. B.

RHABDADENIA.

A very peculiar genus, established by Dr. Müller in 1860, upon two Brazilian plants,
one collected by Pohl on the coasts of S. Brazil, the other the Echites biflora of
Jacquin, which he confounded with Echites paludosa, a distinct species, well described
and figured by Vahl. Dr. Grisebach regarded Rhabdadenia as identical with Laubertia
A. DC., a very distinct genus. The generic character is detailed in Prof. Miiller’s
monograph, and the typical species well analyzed in his plate 52. Its most peculiar
character lies in the strueture of the seed, which has no coma properly speaking, as in
the Echitee; but the apex of the testa is prolonged into a slender tubular rostrum two-
thirds of its length, and is further lengthened by long setaceous erecto-divergent fine
hairs, which spring from this rostrum everywhere, from the base to the apex, as in a
feather. This brings the genus near Robbia, which, though furnished with a brush of
long silky hairs issuing from below the apex, has no such rostrum.

Other very distinctive characters reside in the habit of the plants, and in the very
peculiar kind of inflorescence. The branches are erect, and subscandent, sometimes
spirally twining; the opposite leaves somewhat distant, not very large, often cordate at
the base, upon shortish petioles; the lateral axillary inflorescence has a long slender
pedunele, bearing on its apex 2 shortish pedicels, each supporting a single handsome
flower; sometimes this peduncle is 2-fid, each branch bearing 2 similar pedicellate
flowers; and rarely one of the pedicels falls off, leaving a 3-flowered panicle; rarely the
common peduncle has 2 or more short branches, each bearing geminate pedicellate
flowers: in all eases these branches or pedicels have no bracts, or, seldom, a few rudiments
of them *, The sepals are small, lanceolate or oblong, bearing within, at the base
of each, 2 or 3 acute scales. The corolla is contracted at the base to a narrow cylir-
drical tube, above which it is much more broadly cylindrical or funnel-shaped, with a
border of ovate dolabriform segments, simply convolute dextrorsely in sestivatior ;
stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, upon short filaments pilose behind; the
corneous connectives of the anthers are shortly 2-lobed at the base, with a long pointed
apex, and pilose behind; disk of 5 erect, oblong, fleshy, free lobes, rounded or emar-
ginate at the apex, very shortly connate at the base; 2 free ovaries about their length ;

* Dr. Müller, in obscure terms, deseribes this peculiar kind of inflorescence, ** sub-umbellato-contracta, oligantha,
vel laxius bostrycina."

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE, 119

style shortly bifid at the base, very slender above; clavuncle oblong, cylindrical, incras-
sated, 5-grooved and nectariferous, somewhat fimbriated at its apex, having at its base
a broad umbraculiform appendage; stigma of 2 short oval lobes at the apex; 2 follicles,
straight, terete, suberect or horizontally divaricate, dehiscing along each ventral suture,
which is inwardly inflected along the margins, forming 2 linear coriaceous placente;
seeds numerous, fusiformly linear, compressed, with a small central hilum upon one
face, and having at the apex the long, peculiar, brush-shaped rostrum, as before
described ; the embryo imbedded in waxy albumen, is teretely cylindrical, with 2 cotyle-
dons many times shorter than the superior radicle, and nearly of the same thickness.

The following appears to me a correct list of the genuine species, after the rejection of
some others enumerated by authors.

1. RuaspaprwNiA Ponui, Müll. Fl. Bras. t. c. p. 174, tab. 52. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et
sicc. in herb. meo (n. 3437 et 4024). Magé: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Magé (Gardner 536). I have not
seen its fruit, which is well depicted by Müller.

A low shrub, with slender twining branches, with opposite, spreading, acutely
lanceolate leaves, narrowly cordate at the base, 22 in. long, 7 lines broad, on a slender
petiole 3 lines long; inflorescence lateral at each axil, on a very slender peduncle
3 in. long, bearing 2 slender pedicels 3 lines long, 2-bracteolate at their base, each sup-
porting a single purple flower; sepals acutely linear, 33 lines long, each with 3 acute
distinct scales subconnate at the base (not deficient according to Müller); the con-
tracted portion of the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, 1 line broad, suddenly swelling
into an almost cylindrical form, 14 in. long, 6 lines in diameter; segments dolabriform,
9 lines long and broad, mucronate at the apex, simply convolute dextrorsely in sesti-
vation; stamens inserted in the contracted portion of the tube; anthers broadly bifid
and acute at the base; disk of 5 erect, free, obtuse, oblong lobes, somewhat shorter than
the 2 free ovaries; style slender, expanded at the apex into a thick, 5-grooved, 5-glandular
clavuncle, furnished at its base with a broad membranaceous umbraculiform appendage :
the 2 terete divergent follicles, as figured by Müller, are 37 in. long, 2 lines thick; seeds
9 lines long, with the addition of a brush-like rostrum of twice that length.

2. RHABDADENIA PALUDOSA, nob.: Echites paludosa, Vahl (non H. B. K., nec Don, nec Griseb.), Eclog.
ii. p. 19, Icon. tab. 5; A. DC. Z. c. p. 467. In Brasilia septentrionali (Van Rohr) : v. s. in herb.
meo, et Mus. Brit. Maranhão (Gardner 6060).

Van Rohr collected plants in all the provinces of Guiana, including that of Brazil;
and Maranháo may be said to be within the same floral region. Gardner's specimen
well aecords, in every respect, with the good description and drawing of Vahl, taken
from Van Rohr's plant, and is unquestionably a Rhabdadenia. I have alluded to Grise-
bach’s plant under the name of Echites paludosa Vahl, when describing Rhabdadenia
nervosa, Miller wrongly refers Gardner’s plant to Rhabdadenia biflora, certainly a very
different species.

This is a small shrub, with erect, slender, virgate, striate branches, whose dilated
axils are 11-2 in. apart; the opposite leaves are erect, lanceolate-oblong, acute at the

120 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.,

base, sharply mucronulate, opake, rubescent or cinnamon-coloured above, paler beneath,
with subimmersed midrib and nerves, 2-3 in. long, 4-9 lines broad, on slender petioles
3 lines long; the peduncle of the axillary inflorescence is simple, erect, 2 in. long, or longer,
bearing 2 suberect pedicels 5-8 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long; corolla altogether
12 in. long, the contracted portion of the tube 6 lines long, at which height the stamens
are inserted, the upper portion of the tube is of the same length, funnel-shaped, and
5 lines broad in the mouth; the segments dolabriform, mucronate at the apex, 9 lines
long, 4 lines broad, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in the constriction of
the tube on a pilose ring; anthers cohering, 2 lines long, obtusely bifid at the base;
disk of 5 fleshy, obtuse, erect lobes scarcely conjoined at the base, as long as the 2 free
ovaries; follicles 2, suberect, supported by the persistent calyx, terete, 24 in. long, 14 line
thick; seeds slender, fusiform, striolate, 1 line broad in the middle, 13-15 lines long,
tndependently of their apical rostrum, which is 12 lines long, and is furnished from the
bottom to the top with long, penniform, crowded, silky hairs, without any apical coma.

A drawing of this species, exhibiting the peculiar structure of the seed, is given in
Plate XV. a.

3. RHABDADENIA LAXIFLORA, nob.: Echites suberecta, Grisebach (non Jacq. nec Sw.) in parte, Pl. Cub.
Wr. p. 520; Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 171, n. 43; Revis. Cat. Pl. Cub. n. 1890. Iu Antillis: v. s. in herd.
Mus. Brit. Cuba (C. Wright 400, sub Echites suberecta, Jacq.).

A plant unquestionably belonging to Rhabdadenia, and generically distinct from either
of the species described by Jacquin and Swartz. Its branches are somewhat slender,
branching, terete, pubescent, with axils 2-1 in. apart; opposite leaves oblong-ovate,
obtusely roundish at the base, rounded and frequently mucronulate by the shortly ex-
current nerve, entire, chartaceous, darkish green of a rufescent hue above, opake, obso-
letely puberulous, suleate along the midrib, with 5 pairs of divergent, arching, semi-
immersed nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, and finely reticulated veins,
whitish yellow beneath, opake, subvelutinous, with reddish costa, nerves, and fine
reticulations, 13-2 in. long, %-1 in. broad, on channelled pubescent petioles 13 line
long; racemes axillary, solitary at the nodes, about 5 in. long, on an erect peduncle,
bare at its base for 21 in., bearing upwards about 5 alternate flowers, on pubescent
stoutish pedicels 6 lines long, at intervals of 6 lines, supported by lanceolate bracteoles
13 line long; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, erect, membranaceous, puberulous, reddish,
4 lines long, 2 line broad at the base, with 3 short acute inner scales; corolla hand-
some, of a reddish hue; tube 14 in. long, narrowed at the base for 5 lines, broadly
eylindrical above and 4 lines broad, slightly pubescent outside, glabrous within; seg-
ments dolabriform, 9 lines long, 6 lines broad, dextrorsely convolute ; stamens seated
in the contraction of the tube; filaments membranaceous, glabrous, 1 line long; anthers
-4 lines long, acuminate, with 2 acute, incurved, subparallel basal prongs; disk of
5 fleshy, oblong, truncated lobes, concealing the 2 ovaries; style slender, 4 lines long;
clavuncle inerassate, with a basal peltate membrane; stigmata very short; 2 follicles,
suberect, subincurved, terete, smooth, 5-6 in. long; seeds linear, 4 lines long, continued

by a very slender rostrum 33 lines long, which is plumosely covered by fine silky hairs
3-6 lines long,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 121

4. REABDADENIA BIFLORA, Müll. Fl. Bras. £. c. p. 175: Echites biflora, Jacq. Amer. p. 30, tab. 21;
A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 450; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 415: Echites Ehrenbergii, Schlect.
Linn. xxvi. 666: Rhabdadenia Ehrenbergii, Müll. Linn. xxx. 454. In America tropicali: v. s. in
hb. Mus. Brit. ins. Carib. (Jacquin, typ.) ; Cayenne (Sagot 387) ; Manglares de Sisal (Schott 812) ;
Jamaica (Dr. Wright).

A shrub, yielding a lactescent juice, with scandent, slender, fistulous branches, often
climbing to a height of 20 feet; branches with axils 2-3 in. apart; leaves very patent,
obovate, acute at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 2-3 in. long, 1-14 in.
broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; the peduncle of the axillary inflorescence is 6 lines
long, bearing 2 apical pedicels 6 lines long, supported by acute bracteoles; sepals sub-
equal, oval, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, marked by parallel nerves and reticulated veins;
the contracted portion of the tube of the corolla is 8 lines long, above it is funnel-
shaped and 8 lines long, 6 lines broad in the mouth; segments dolabriform, 9 lines
long, 7 lines broad, with simple dextrorse convolution ; stamens seated on a pilose ring
in the mouth of the contracted portion of the tube; filaments short, partially adnate ;
anthers obtusely bifid at the base, acute and pilose at the apex; disk of 5 erect ovate
lobes, scarcely connate at the base, as long as the 2 free ovaries; style slender ; clavuncle
ovate, 5-angular, 5-glandular, expanded at its base into a membranaceous umbraculiform
appendage; 2 stigmata, small, terminal; 2 follicles, terete, suberect, 31 in. long, 2 lines
thick, subcohering at the summit; seeds linear, terminated at the apex by a long brush-
shaped caudal rostrum, as in Rh. PoAlii.

5. RHABDADENIA CAMPESTRIS, nob.: Echites campestris, Vell. Flor. Flum. p. 113, Icon. iii. tab. 43;
A. DC. Prodr. viii. 475 : Amblyanthera campestris, Müll. l. c. p. 149. Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro
(Velloz, in apricis) : non vidi.

This is a subscandent species, with stoutish branches, and axils 2 in. apart; leaves
elliptic, gradually acute towards the summit, narrower below the middle, rounded or
obsoletely cordate at the base, hirsute above, pubescent beneath, 4-5 in. long, 2-22 in.
broad, on petioles 3 lines long; the inflorescence is terminal at the end of very young
branchlets, consisting of a stoutish pubescent peduncle 4 lines long, bearing a single
sessile orange-coloured flower; the sepals are lanceolate, pubescent, 6 lines long; the
funnel-shaped tube of the corolla is contracted cylindrically at the base to a diameter of
3 lines, swelling upwards to the mouth, which is 6 lines broad, and is 14 in. long,
pubescent outside; segments obliquely rounded, 11 lines long and broad, dextrorsely
convolute; the 5 lobes of the disk are free, nearly as long as the ovaries.

6. RHABDADENIA MADIDA, nob.: Echites madida, Vell. Fl. Flum. 112, Icon. iii. tab. 42; A. DC. L c.
p. 474: Amblyanthera madida, Müll. l. c..p. 150. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro australiore in
via Pacienca ad San Paulo tendens (Velloz, in sylvis madidis) : non vidi.

A species, without doubt, belonging to this genus, and near R. Pohlii, differing in its
broader leaves and solitary flower. In the latter species the basal lobes of the leaves
overlap one another, hiding the sinus; in this species these lobes are rounder and broadly
gaping. It is a climbing glabrous plant, with slender twining branches, having its
axils about 3 in. apart; the leaves are oblong, broadly cordate at the hase, and terminate

R

122 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

in a shortish obtuse acumen; they have about 12 pairs of divergent nerves, are 3-33 in.
long, 1-1} in. broad, on spreading slender petioles 3-4 lines long; the inflorescence con-
sists of a single flower, solitary in each axil, on a slender erect pedunele 2 in. long,
with a terminal pedicel 3 lines long, supported by a linear bracteole 23 lines long;
sepals acute, 3 lines long; corolla of a purplish red colour, glabrous; tube 14 in. long,
cylindrically narrowed at its base for 8 lines, funnel-shaped above, 7 lines broad in the
mouth; segments obtusely dolabriform, 6 lines long and broad, dextrorsely convolute ;
stamens included and inserted in the constriction of the tube; anthers cohering in a
cone: the rest as in R. Pohlii.

7. RHABDADENIA NERVOSA, nob.: Apocynum nervosum, Miller, Dict. (1768) n. 9: Echites (Laubertia)
paludosa, Griseb. (non Vahl) in Flor. Brit. W. Ind. p. 415. In Antillis et America tropicali, sec.
Griseb. in Cat. Pl. Cub. C. Wright, 33 (Wright 2954); in Revis. ejusd. Cat. 1885 (C. Wright
2954) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Carthagena (specim. typ. ez herb. Miller).

This is evidently the same species, with oval mucronulate leaves, described by Grise-
bach as the “ Echites paludosa, Vahl," a blunder scarcely exceeded by any of the several
errors of the former author in his enumeration of the apocyneous plants of the Antilles.
It is difficult to understand how so glaring a mistake could have been made; for Vahl's
excellent description and drawing are so precise, that no botanist ought to have erred on
the subject.

Apparently an erect shrub, with subscandent branches, the axils being 11-2 in. apart;
the opposite leaves are ovate-oblong, obtuse (often oblique) at the base, broadly
rounded at the summit, frequently emarginated, always suddenly mucronulate, thinly
chartaceous, with scarcely revolute margins, very opake above, subferruginous, sulcated
along the midrib, with very slender immersed nerves, opake and darkly ochraceous
beneath, with blackish nerves scarcely prominulent, 12—31 in. long, 2-12 in. broad, on
slender, straight, channelled petioles 4-9 lines long; raceme terminal, on a peduncle
3-4 in. long, bearing about 5 alternate flowers on slender pedicels 4-6 lines long, each
with a slender linear basal bracteole; sepals linear-oblong, with parallel nerves, 2-21 lines
long, $ line broad; a handsome yellow corolla; tube 13 in. long, narrowed eylindri-
cally at its base for 9 lines, funnel-shaped above; segments dolabriform, 9 lines long:
the rest as in R. PoAlii.

8. RHABDADENIA CORDATA, nob.: Apocynum cordatum, Miller, Dict. (1768) n. 10; Houston, Icon. n. 8,
pl. 44. fig. 5, 10 et 11; A. DC. Z. c. p. 440: Periploca scandens, Miller, Dict. n. 10. Vera
Cruz: v. $. in herb. Mus. Brit. (specim. in hort. Milleri cult. ex pl. ab Houstonio introducta) in
fructu.

The above specimen undoubtedly belongs to Rhabdadenia. The slender subscandent
pale brown branch has its axils 23 in. apart; the leaves are oblong, roundish and obso-
letely cordate at the base, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, entire, with sub-
revolute margins, dark green above, with immersed nerves, yellowish opake beneath,
with scarcely prominulent nerves, 23 in. long, 1 in. broad, on slender petioles 4 lines
long; inflorescence axillary, with a terete peduncle half as long as the leaves, bearing

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 123

2 flowers on pedicels one third of its length; flowers large, yellow; sepals small, acute ;
tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical below for one third of its length, suddenly cam-
panulate above; segments half as long as the tube, expanded, inequilaterally oblong ;
fructiferous peduncle 6 lines long, the pedicels 3 lines long; the persistent sepals 14 line
long; 2 terete follicles acute at both ends, very divaricate, subreflected, 44 in. long,
3 lines broad in the middle; seeds like those of R. Pohlii.

9. RHABDADENIA MACROSTOMA, Müll. Linn. xxx. 435: Echites macrostoma, Benth. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. iii. p. 248; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 453. In Guiana Brit. et Surinam (Schomb. 329 and 556) :
non vidi.

A scandent plant with oval mucronulate leaves, obsoletely pubescent above, rufes-
cently tomentellous beneath, 14-34 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines
long; peduncle of the axillary inflorescence longer than the leaves, often bearing 2
flowers on pedicels 2-3 lines long; sepals linear-subulate, 14 line long, reflexed; corolla
rose-coloured ; contracted portion of tube 6 lines long, inflated portion 20 lines long,
8 lines broad, subcylindrical; segments broad; stamens inserted in a pilose ring at
the sudden contraction of the tube; disk of 5 free, erect lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries;
follicles terete, 4 in. long.

Miiller states that the sepals have no inner basal scales.

10. RHABDADENIA BARBATA, nob.: Echites barbata, Desv. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. p. 416 ; A. DC. l c.
p. 453: Urechites barbata, Müll. Linn. xxx. 447: Echites (Urechites) barbata, Griseb. Fl. Br. W.
Ind. p. 416. In Antillis: non vidi.

A species seen alone by Desvaux, and known to us only by his imperfect description.
De Candolle did not see it; and the determinations of Müller and Grisebach are mere
guesses, founded on a chance observation in the * Prodromus.’ From Desvaux's account
the characters of the inflorescence and the form of the corolla are certainly more in
accord with those of Rhabdadenia than of Urechites. Itis an erect shrub, with pubes-
cent branches; the leaves are obovate, submucronate, glabrous, with distant oblique
nerves; panicle on a long peduncle supporting few flowers; sepals subulate, pilose ;
tube of corolla barbately pilose, narrow below for the length of the calyx, thence swelling
upwards.

11. RHABDADENIA ? LUCIDA, nob.: Echites lucida, R. € Sch. Syst. iv. 796; A. DC. l. c. p. 475: Odonta-
denia lucida, Müll. l. c. p. 120 in adnot, et in Linn. xxx. p. 453. In Orinoco: non vidi.
Apparently a scandent plant from Willdenow's herbarium ; leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-
cordate at the base, obtuse at the summit, lucid above; inflorescence a solitary flower, on
an elongated pedicel, as in the Echites madida, Vell. Icon. iii. tab. 42, and as sometimes
occurs in R. Pohlii.

Species excluded :—
R. Sagrei, Müll. Linn. xxx. 435, 447; Echites

Sagrei, A. DC. 1. 6. P: 456. . . . . . .— Angadenia Sagrei.
R2

124 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

R. Cubensis, Müll. l. c. p. 435 (Linden 1716) . . = Angadenia Havanensis.
R. Lindeniana, Müll. l. c. p. 437 (Linden 1700-

O io uerger adus sl e Angadenia Lindeniana.
R. Wrightiana, Müll. 1. c. p. 438 (C. Wright 399) — 4ngadenia Valenzuelana.
R. Berterii, Müll. l. c. p. 446; Linn. xxvi. 665;

A. DC. l. c. p. 447 . . . . . . . . . Angadenia Berterü.

LAUBERTIA.

A genus established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, upon a single Peruvian species. This
is a climbing plant, with terete branches, opposite or ternately verticillate leaves,
ovate-elliptic, acuminate, obtuse at the base, obliquely penninerved, 4 in. long, 14 in.
broad, on petioles 5 lines long. It has a terminal inflorescence upon a long peduncle,
bearing many alternate flowers on pedicels 4 in. long; 5 sepals, without inner scales;
tube of corolla 9 lines long, cylindrical for the length of 6 lines, swelling above; seg-
ments dolabriform, 3 lines long, with sinistrorse convolution; stamens seated on the
contraction of the tube, the anthers acuminate, extending beyond the mouth, bidentate
at the base; disk urceolate, as long as the 2 free ovaries, subcrenulate on the margin,
unequally and shortly cleft in one or two places; style simple; clavuncle subcapitate,
with a basal undulated membranaceous expansion; 2 slender follicles, 18 in. long,
1-2 lines thick, containing many seeds 12 lines long, rostrate at their apex for 4 of their
length, and there densely and plumosely furnished with long hairs, as in Rhabdadenia,
the hairs extending 1 in. above the apex, which has no real coma. The species which
bears the specific name Boissieri, was found in the herbarium of Pavon, without mention
of its locality.

The species of Laubertia enumerated by Grisebach all belong to Rhabdadenia or
Angadenia,

URECHITES.

A genus established by Moller in 1860 *; but no figured analysis has been given of it.
The origin of the generic name is not stated; and there is nothing in its structure that
can explain this ambiguity. He describes three Mexican species, and a fourth from the
West Indies, the Echites suberecta of Jacquin (not of Swartz and Andrews). The fruit
consists of 2 curving follicles, as figured by Jacquin, who simply describes the seeds as
oblong, and acute at both ends; by Müller these are said to be linear, ovoid, imbricate,
acuminate, costate, pilose all over, the superior hairs far extended beyond a slender
rostrum, from which they chiefly originate pinnately, as in a feather, after the manner
seen in Rhabdadenia; the seeds were too immature to show the embryo. The nume-
rous seeds, in the language of Miiller, are “in placenta demum membranacea pluri-
lamellosa numerosa, quibus junctee sunt squamule tot quot semina peculiares cymbi-

* Bot. Zeit. 1860, p. 23.

—— — o —À MH

e M ]À M M — M À—

—

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 125

formes, utrinque longe subulato-acuminate, glabre, in quibus semina ipsa nidulantur
anguste lineari-ovoidea, apice acuminata, basi rotundiora, tota superficie dense sericeo-
pilosa, et longitrorsum pluricostulata, ad apicem radicularem sericeo-comosa; coma
longius breviusve stipitata, cum spermadermio haud articulata.”

There is one important omission in these circumstantial details, no mention being
made of the manner of attachment of the seeds, whether suspended by a funicle, as in
Stipecoma, or peltately affixed by a central hilum, as in Rhabdadenia. We may fairly
incline to the latter view, because Miiller thus describes the ovules in each ovary,
“amphitropa, in placenta ventrali lamelloso-bifida, pluriserialia.” The above mode of
placentation is quite unexampled; and we have no reason to doubt the correctness of
such minute details. Perhaps some degree of analogy may exist in the processes I have
described in the placenta of Stipecoma.

Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, after an interval of sixteen years, are the only botanists
who have acknowledged this genus (Gen. ii. 727); but in their diagnosis they singularly
omit all mention of the extraordinary placentation of the fruit; they merely describe
the seeds as having a plumose rostrum.

1. Urecuires Kanwiwskir, Müll. Linn. xxx. 440, In Mexico: non vidi.
2. URECHITES ANDRIEUXU, Müll. /. c. p. 442. In Mexico: non vidi.

3. Urecurres susERECTA, Müll. 7. c. p. 444: Echites suberecta, Linn., Jacq. Am. p. 32, tab. 26 (non
Sw. nec Andr.) ; A. DC. 1. c. p. 453; Schlect. Linn. xxvi. 666: Laubertia urechites (Echites sub-
erecta), Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 415. In Jamaica et San Domingo: non vidi.

A plant full of milky juice, 10 feet high when supported by other bushes, but in the
open fields scarcely more than 1 to 3 feet in height. It has slender branches, with axils `
+1 in. apart; opposite leaves ovate-elliptie, subacute at the base, summits rounded and
mucronate, glabrous, sometimes scabrous beneath, 12-24 in. long, $-1 in. broad, on
petioles 1 line long; panicle subterminal, 14 in. long; peduncle 8 lines long, branched,
few-flowered ; pedicels 6 lines long, pilose, with small lanceolate bracts; sepals subu-
lately lanceolate, pilose outside, deciduous, 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, sparsely pilose
outside, with a few pointed basal scales; corolla 14 in. long; tube below narrowly
cylindrical, 1 line broad for the length of 4 lines, thence suddenly enlarging in a cylin-
drical form and 4 lines broad; segments glabrous, dolabriform, 8 lines long, 7 lines
broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube in a pilose ring, the filaments being
Short and glabrous; anthers acute at the summit, shortly 2-lobed (not aristate) at the
base, lobes obtuse, incurved, and they are slightly scabrous on the back; disk of 5 ovate
fleshy emarginated lobes, as long as the 2 free ovaries; style slender, shortly bifid at the
base, clavuncle thickened, 5-grooved, glandular, with a basal membranaceous peltiform
appendage; 2 stigmata, short and terminal; 2 follicles, erect, slender, subincurved,
fuscous, 4 in, long, 2 lines thick. The peculiar placentation and structure of the seeds
are fully described above, as quoted from Müller.

This species has been confounded by most botanists with the Echites suberecta, Swartz
and Andr. (non Jacq.); Swartz (Observ. p. 104) makes the same mistake; Hook. and

126 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

Benth. (Gen. ii. 728) do the same. Swartz and Andrews’s plant, the Veriandra suberecta
of A. DC. is here referred to my genus Chariomma (see p. 111).

Species excluded :— 3

Urechites Jegeri, Müll. Linn. xxx. 442. . . . .= Laseguea Jegeri.
.U. Domingensis, Müll. l.c.447 . . . . . . . Chariomma Domingensis.
U. barbata, Müll. l c. 447 . . ena . . . Rhabdadenia barbata.

U. Neriandra, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. seg p- 415 . . Chariomma surrecta.

ODONTADENIA.

A genus established by Mr. Bentham in 1841 *, who placed it in the tribe Plumeriee ;
he did not find ripe seeds in the fruit examined by him. Prof. De Candolle arranged
the genus in the Zabernemontanee, between Bonafousia and Peschiera t. Dr. Müller
located it in the Echitea, next to Anisolobus Ï, but afterwards he made it a section of
Tabernemontana $. It must, however, be placed in a very different position, on account
of its long anatropus seeds, which have neither a pulpy funicle nor a coma. A distin-
guishing feature among its many peculiar floral characters is the disk, which is conically
cylindrical, fleshy, divided halfway into 5 erect lobes, which are again cleft into 2 to 5
obtuse teeth. The fruit consists of 2 (or more often, by abortion, 1 only) oblong,
stoutish follicles, containing each about 100 long, terete seeds, without any apical coma,
imbricatively erect, attached by a small basal hilum to 2 septiform membranaceous
placentas extending halfway across the cell. The embryo is encased in a thin corneous
albumen, has 2 linear narrow cotyledons with a terete radicle one tenth of their length,
which points to the basal hilum.

As several heterogeneous species have been recorded which ought to be excluded, 1
will here enumerate only those which legitimately belong to the genus.

1. ODONTADENIA speciosa, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 240; Müll. (in parte) Fl. Bras. £. c. p. 117;
A. DC. Prodr. viii. 360. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Berbice (Schomb. 309).

A handsome species, with stoutish terete branches with axils 2-21 in. apart; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, subacute towards the base, gradually narrowing above acuminately,
margins undulated, subrevolute, chartaceous, dark green above, quite glabrous, patently
spreading, with about 16 pairs of fine yellow nerves running straight to the margin,
hepatic brownish beneath, opake, with an elevated striolate midrib and prominent
nerves with obsolete veins, 6 in. (or more) long, 2-21 in. broad, on rather slender
channelled petioles 5-6 lines long; panicles axillary or terminal; pedicels 6-8 lines
long; sepals 4 lines long, spreading, obtusely broad, with waving membranaceous
margins; corolla 2 in. long; tube 14 in. long, ventricose at the base for 4 lines
below the constriction, broadly campanulate above, glabrous; segments oblong, spread-

* Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 249, f Prodr. viii. 359.
t Mart, Flor. Bras. fasc. xxvi. 116. $ Linn. xxx. 402,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 127

ing to a diameter of more than 2 in.; stamens inserted in a pilose ring in the constric-
tion of the tube; anthers 4 lines long, connivent, pilose with long white hairs behind
and on the margins; disk of 5 subconnate lobes denticulate at the apex, longer than
the 2 enclosed ovaries; styles free near their base, connate above; follicles 5 in. long,
lj in. broad, tapering towards the summit; seeds, upwards of 100, linear oblong,
13 in. long in an unripe state.

2. ODONTADENIA GRANDIFLORA, nob.: Odontadenia speciosa, Müll. (in parte) 7, c. p. 117: Hemadictyon
grandiflorum, A. DC. (non Griseb.) l. c. p. 426: Echites grandiflora, Mey. Esseq. p. 131: Echites
insignis, Spr. Syst. i. 632: Echites Meyeriana, R. & Sch.: Echites macrantha, R. & Sch. Syst. iv.
793. In Guiana, Para et Panama: v. pl. s. et fruct. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panama (Hayes, in flore),
ins. Mechiana, Pará (J. G. Smith, fruct. solus).

A climbing species, with terete, smooth branches, having axils 14-2 in. apart; oppo-
site leaves, broadly obovate, shortly narrowing at the base, obtuse at the apex, very
glabrous, entire, with prominent nerves, and handsomely reticulated veins, 6 in. long,

4-5 in. broad, on petioles 11 lines long; panicle axillary, branched, shorter than the

leaves, many-flowered, pedicels spreading, 3-bracteolate at the base, each supporting a

single large flower; sepals roundly ovate, imbricated, 2 exterior somewhat larger;

corolla 3 in. long, yellowish red; tube cylindrical, shortly swollen at the base below the
constriction, and there obsoletely pentagonous, campanular above; segments obtusely
oblong, spreading; stamens seated at the contraction of the tube, filaments very short,
channelled ; anthers linear lanceolate, connivent, sagittately 2-lobed at the base, glabrous
behind, with a small tuft of hairs in the front, at the insertion of the filament; disk of

5 compressed dentate lobes, confluent at the base, enclosing 2 ovate ovaries; style

shortish, bipartite at the base; clavuncle oblong, pentagonous, with a peltate membrane at

the base; stigmata 2, short and distinct; follicle (I saw only a loose one) 6 in. long, 14 in.
broad, opening by a ventral suture; pericarp thickish, coriaceous; placentas 2, distinct,
submembranaceous, 6 lines broad, studded closely with cicatrices, denoting the points of

attachment of the seeds; seeds very numerous, linearly terete, subincurved, erect, with a

basal hilum, 21-3 in. long, 24 lines thick, obtusely pointed at the apex ; testa rugulous, sub-

coriaceous, formed of fine transverse crystalline cells, showing on one side along its entire
length, a narrow raphe containing many white spiral threads ; inner integument thin
and membranaceous, covering a thin pergameneous albumen 24 in. long; the embryo

13 in. long, has 2 flat linear cotyledons 18 lines long, 1 line broad, with a basal slender

terete radicle 3 lines long. a peces :

"This species, confounded with the preceding, is readily distinguished from it by
having leaves twice as broad, obtuse (not acuminate) at poe fg by its petioles of
twice the length, by its much larger corolla, and other particulars.

A DE ech it, am an diia of its flower, fruit, and seeds, are given in Plate cg

Where the seeds in figs. 10 and 11 are thicker than they ought to be; in fig. 9 this is

better shown.

é : | i in. Sel. p. 166 ;
3. ODONTADENIA FORMOSA, nob.: Odentadenia grandiflora, Miq. dion Mey.) Stirp. Surin E di :
Walp. Ann. iii. 35: ramulis pallidis, opacis, striolatis ; foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo a medio cunea-

128 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

tim angustatis, apice in acumen longiuscule angustum obtusulum subito constrictis, chartaceis,
marginibus subrevolutis, glaberrimis, supra pallidissimis, opacis, nervis tenuibus subpromimulis,
venis crebre transversis, subtus concoloribus, nervis venisque prominulis; petiolo subtenui,
quam limbus 12plo breviore: racemis axillaribus, glabris, folio dimidio brevioribus; pedunculo
alternatim plurifloro; floribus speciosis ; pedicellis tenuibus, calyce 3plo longioribus; sepalis obtuse
ovatis, marginibus membranaceis ; corolla precedentis; staminibus in constrictionem infra medium
insertis; antheris anguste linearibus, subconniventibus, apice cuspidatis, imo longiuscule divergenti-
biaristatis, per medium dorsi crebre patentim villosis; disco quam calyx dimidio breviore, fere ad
basin 5-lobo, lobis 6-denticulatis, ovariis zquilongo. In Guiana et Surinam: v. s. in herb. Mus.

Brit. Acaouari (Sagot 283).
A species differing from O. speciosa in its extremely pallid, oblong subcuneate leaves,
with a long, narrow, obtusely linear acumen, and in its axils only 1 in. apart; the leaves
61-7 in. long (including the acumen 9 lines long), 22-23 in. broad, on petioles

6-8 lines long; peduncle 1 in. long; slender pedicels 6-7 lines long; ovate sepals 2j
lines long, 14 line broad; corolla 23 in. long.

4. ODONTADENIA Harrisin, nob.: Dipladenia Harrisii, Purdie, in Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4825; Walp.
Ann. v. 496: Dipladenia Harrisonii, Müll. Linn. xxx. 446: Cycladenia Harrisonii, Lemaire, in
Van Houtte, Illust. Hort. (1855) Miscel. p. 7: Odontadenia speciosa, Griseb. (non Benth.), Fl.
Brit. W. I. p. 416.

A magnificent cultivated species, much resembling O. speciosa. Its oblong leaves
bave a narrow obtuse acumen, become gradually narrower from the middle towards the
base, where they are slightly cordate, have many diverging nerves, are 14 in. long, 53 in.
broad, on petioles 7 lines long; its paniele is copiously flowered ; pedicels 6-8 lines
long; sepals oval, subacute, 4 lines long; tube of corolla funnel-shaped, 2 in. long,
widening in the mouth to a breadth of near 1 inch, the border expanding to a diameter

of 34 in., the segments being dolabriform, dextrorsely convolute, 14 in. long and broad;
lobes of disk denticulate, enveloping the ovaries.

The following species should be excluded from the genus, and thus transferred :—
Odontadenia hypoglauca, Müll. Fl. Br. l. c. p. 118 = Angadenia hypoglauca.

O. hypoglauca, Müll. tab. 35 A, p. 118 A. majuscula.

O. nitida, Müll.p. 118. . . . vun. d muda.

O. cordata, A. DC. p. 360, Müll. T c. p. 119 - . A. nitida.

O. Póppigii, Müll. p. 119 : A. Pöppigü.

O. geminata, Müll. (in parte) p. 119 . A. geminata.

O. geminata, var. elegans, Müll. p. 120 . A. elegans.

O. coriacea, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 450 . A. coriacea.

O. macrocalyz, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 403 . Codonemma macrocalyz.
O. angustifolia, A. DC. p. 360 Mitozus linearis.

0)

. lucida, Müll. L. c. p. 120 .

: Rhabdadenia lucida,
O. speciosa, Griseb. (non Benth.) l. c. p. 416

Odontadenia Harrisii.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 129

MACROSIPHONIA.

Of this genus, one of the handsomest and most peculiar of the family, several species
have been enumerated by different botanists, who have not been quite in accord respect-
ing them. I will here, therefore, endeavour to point out those which may be received as
valid species. On account of its very large flowers it is here placed at the head of the
Echitee. From their hollow or herbaceous stems they are all (perhaps) annual plants,
springing from a perennial tuberous rootstock.

1. MacrosrpHonia VELAME, Müll. /. c. p. 138, tab. 42: Echites Velame, St.-Hil. Mém. Mus. xii. 324;
Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, Beibl. 61; A. DC. 7. c. p. 471. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés : v. s. in
herb. meo ex loc. cit. (Claussen).

A species so-called from its vernacular name, derived from its velvety clothing. It
has a tuberous perennial root, producing several (perhaps annual) erect, fistulous,
woolly, simple stems, 1-2 feet high, with axils ¿-1 in. apart; leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-
cordate at the base, acute towards the apex, and mucronate, densely clothed above with
white arachnoid hairs, and covered beneath with dense woolly, yellowish, long tomentum,
undulate on the margins, 12-21 in. long, 2-11 in. broad, on woolly petioles 1 line long;
peduncle solitary in one of the upper axils, erect, stoutish, densely lanate, 1-2 in. long,
supporting 2 flowers on pedicels 3 lines long, furnished at the base with a slender
subulate bract 7 lines long; sepals subulately linear, gradually broader at the base, with
involute margins, tomentous outside, glabrous within, 9 lines long, each with 6-8 minute
internal scales; tube of corolla 3-4 in. long, narrowly cylindrical, densely tomentous,
swollen above for + of its length into a tubular expansion 5 lines broad, smooth inside, `
with 5 woolly lines below the contraction, upon which the stamens are inserted; seg-
ments glabrous inside, woolly at the base outside, roundish, subspathulate, 1 in. long
and broad, crenulately crispate on the margin; disk of 5 oblong lobes, shorter than the
2 glabrous oblong ovaries; 2 follicles, erect, terete, subtorulose, pilose, 8 in. long, 2 lines
thick.

2. Macrosipmonia GUARANITICA, Müll. Z. c. p. 139: Echites Guaranitica, St.-Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom.
1824, p. 77; Mém. Mus. xii. 324; A. DC. l. c. p. 472 (in parte). In Brasilia, prov. Rio Grande,
ad Missiones S. Francisco de Borja: non vidi. .

A species much like the preceding. Its simple erect stems are covered with long,
slender, entangled, white hairs; leaves broadly ovate or oblong, subcordate at the base,
shortly cuspidate and mucronate at the apex, margins scarcely revolute, subpilose above,
incano-tomentous beneath, 12-15 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, obsoletely petiolate; raceme
1-5-flowered, on a peduncle often very long, all covered with arachnoid tomentum,
braets narrowly linear, 2-3 times shorter than the sepals; sepals very narrow, linear,
arachnoid, 6 or 7 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, villous within, with 2-6
basal scales; tube of corolla slender for $ or $ of its length, the rest campanularly
dilated ; segments obovate, as long as the swollen portion of the tube, crispate; ovaries

glabrous ; coma 3 times as long as the seeds.
E :

130 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

3. MacrosIPHONIA LONGIFLORA, Müll. Z. c. p. 140, tab. 43: Echites longiflora, Desf. Mém. Mus. v. 275,
tab. 20; St.-Hil. Mém. Mus. xii. 324; Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, Beibl. 64; A. DC. 7. c. p. 471;
Echites grandiflora, Hook. Arn. (in parte), Jo. Bot. i. 286: Echites augusta, Vell. Flo. Flum, 114,
Icon. iii. tab. 48. In Brasilia, confinibus prov. Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, et Minas: v. s. in herb.
meo, Minas Geraés (Claussen).

This species has a thick rootstock, bearing several erect, simple, woolly, fistulous
stems, 12-15 in. high, sometimes with 2 opposite lateral branches 6 in. long, with
smaller leaves; axils 3-1 in. apart; opposite leaves subimbricate, lanceolate-oblong,
subcordate at the base, gradually acuminate, chartaceous, with undulated reflexed
margins, opake and almost glabrous above, sulcate along the midrib, nerves, and veins,
densely covered beneath with yellowish soft tomentum, 1-13 in. long, 5-9 lines broad,
on woolly petioles 4 line long; peduncle simple, nearly terminal, 6-12 in. long, pubes-
cent, or reddish and subglabrous, bearing 2 flowers at the apex 2 in. apart (or sometimes
only a single flower), on pedicels 3 lines long, furnished below with 3 linear bracts 3-6
lines long; sepals very narrow, very acuminate, or setaceous at the reflected apex; tube
of corolla slender, cano-tomentous, 5-6 in. long, swelling in a campanular form for } of
its length; segments obliquely roundish, 1} in. long and broad, with erispate margins,
border when expanded 2% in. in diameter; the 2 erect, subtorulose, lanate follicles are
73 in. long; seeds compressed, linear oblong, 5 lines long, apical coma 9 lines long.

4. Macrosrpnonta Marti, Müll. /. c. p. 188: Echites virescens, Stadelm. (non St.-Hil.), Bot. Zeit.
1841, Beibl. 63. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo, prov. Goyaz (Gardner 3312).

The stem is erect, 2 feet high, including the flowers, all covered with white soft hairs,
the axils being 6-9 lines apart; the leaves are opposite, nearly erect, and subimbricate,
oblong, obtusely acute, subcordate at the base, chartaceous, the margins crenately revo-
lute, above darkish green, opake, convex between the sulcate immersed nerves and
transverse veins, shortly and sparsely pilose, densely covered beneath with white woolly
tomentum, midrib reddish, nerves immersed, 14-21 in. long, 8-101 lines broad, on
petioles 4-1 line long; peduncle terminal, erect, sparsely clothed with reddish tomentum,
7 in. long, bearing above from 3 to 5 suberect flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long, 1 in. apart,
with 3 subsetaceous bracts 6 lines long; sepals very narrow, subulate, subreflexed at the
apex, 7 lines long; tube of corolla slender, 3 in. long, swelling for } its length in the mouth
in a cylindrical form, covered with whitish pubescence; segments obovate, for the most
part glabrous, but tomentous at their base, the margins crispately crenate; follicles
6 in. long; seeds 54 lines long, with an apical coma of the same length.

The species differs from M. longiflora only in a terminal, stouter, longer, 5-flowered

peduncle, the mouth of the shorter tube of the corolla being swollen in a narrower and
more tubular form.

5. MACROSIPHONIA virescens, Müll. Z. c. p. 139: Echites virescens, St.-Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1824,
p. 77; Mém. Mus. xii. 324; A. DC. l c. p. 472 (in parte). In Brasilia ad Campos Geraés, prov.

S. Paulo: non vidi.
Stem erect, subsimple, densely covered with ferruginous curling tomentum, bare of
leaves upwards; leaves opposite, lanceolate, shortly acuminate, subcordate at the base,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 131

margins subrevolute, opake above, covered with whitish small pimples, below clothed
with whitish tomentum, hirsute on the midrib, 2-23 in. long, 74-94 lines broad, on
petioles 2-4 lines long; peduncle 4-43 in. long; sepals 94-114 lines long, with numerous
inner scales; corolla 44 in. long, softly puberulous; tube slender, swollen in the mouth
for $ of its length in a subcampanular form ; segments as long as the swollen portion of the
tube; ovaries clothed with woolly hairs; follicles 10 in. long, torulose, nearly smooth.

A species near M. longiflora, principally differing in its clothing.

6. MacrosIPHONIA VERTICILLATA, Müll. Z. c. p. 140: Echites petrea, St.-Hil. Mém. Mus. xii. 321;
A, DC. 7. c. p. 472. In Brasilia: non vidi.

A species growing in the extreme south-western portion of the province of Rio
Grande, as far as Montevideo, and in Uruguay. It is a suffruticose, erect plant, its
stem dichotomous at the apex, from 6 to 18 in. high, covered with dull red softly hirsute
hairs, its lower leaves ternate or quaternate, upper ones opposite, closely imbricated, linear
lanceolate, acute at the apex, obtusely cordate at the base, margins very revolute, sub-
rugous above, sparsely hirsute with reddish hairs, beneath cano-tomentous, with a pro-
minent midrib which is reddishly hirsute, 8-16 lines long, 1-5 lines broad, on petioles
i-i line long; peduncle in the axils or dichotomy of the stem, solitary, 1-flowered, 24-6
in. long; pedicel short, with 3 or 4 bracts 3 lines long, cano-tomentose; sepals acutely
lanceolate, tomentously pilose; corolla 34-44 in. long, with an elongated slender tomen-
tous tube, gradually dilated and reddish at its summit, villous within at the contraction
of the tube, where the stamens are inserted; segments roundish, inequilateral, with
crispate margins; 2 slender follicles (6 in. long in the immature state), subarcuate,
torulous, acute, pubescent.

7. MACROSIPHONIA PINIFOLIA, nob.: Macrosiphonia verticillata, var. pinifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 141: Echites
pinifolia, St.-Hil. Mém. Mus. xii. 325; A. DC. /. c. p. 471. In prov. Goyaz, et in confinibus prov.
Minas et St. Paulo: non vidi.

A valid species, though regarded as a mere variety of the preceding by Müller. It is
remarkable for its very small hispid leaves; its stem is erect, hispid, scarcely 8 in. high;
its leaves are very crowded, verticillately quaternate, narrowly linear, with revolute
margins, hispid above, cano-tomentous beneath, 6-94 lines long, 3-1 line broad; the
- peduncle varies from 4 to 63 in. in length; tube of corolla extremely long, according to
its age; segments crispate. The flower is odorous.

8. MacnosrpHONIA ProstraTa, nob.: Echites multifolia, nob. olim in Trav. ii. p. 531: Echites grandi- _
flora, Hook. var. minor, Journ. Bot. i. 286. In regione Argentina, (Pampas) prov. Cordova : v. v.
et sicco in herb. meo (Punta de Agua). ;

A very pretty species, collected by me iv 1825, when I made coloured drawings. of it,
with copious descriptions. It has a napiform root, throwing out several slender, simple,
prostrate pilose stems, less than a foot long, sometimes shortly branched near the base,
the axils 6-8 lines apart, bearing in each 3 verticillate linear-oblong membranaceous

leaves, acute at the summit, bisinuately truncate at the base, with subrevolute margins,
s2

132 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEZ.

bright green and sparsely pilose above, sulcate on the midrib, of a yellowish tinge
beneath, with many snow-white hairs, midrib and nerves reddish, 8-12 lines long,
2-3 lines broad, on slender pilose petioles 4 line long; flowers solitary in many of the -
axils, on a peduncle 6 lines long, bearing in its middle 5 erect verticillate bracts the
_ size and shape of the sepals; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, of a reddish hue, subpilose,
7 lines long, 1 line broad; corolla large, hypocrateriform; tube 54 in. long, funnel-
shaped in the mouth for $ of its length, narrowly cylindrical below, 1} line broad, and
of a greenish hue; 5 segments, rotately expanded, obliquely trapezoid, 15 lines long,
10 lines broad, the sinister margin thickened and of a bright red colour, archingly and
dextrorsely curved, the rest pure white, and crispate on the margin; they close into a
pentagonal twisting cone in the evening and again expand on the next morning; the
stamens are inserted on a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; the filaments are
very short, the anthers oblong, yellow, 4 lines long, obtuse at the base, curving outwards,
cohering by agglutination with the clavuncle, terminated by triangular membranes, all
connivent in the axis; disk of 5 erect, acute lobes, half the length of the 2 acute oblong,
subpilose ovaries; style slender, 4% in. long, bearing a green pentagonal oblong
clavunele, having a lacerated peltate membrane at its base, and terminated by 2 minute
stigmata; follicles 2, erect, subterete, striate, subtorulose, afterwards glabrous, 8 in. long,
2 lines broad; pericarp subcoriaceous, red outside, yellow inside, these nitid and finely
striate; seeds many, reddish, compressed, dorsally striate, subpilose, channelled on the
ventral face, with a longitudinal raphe, 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, dorsally striate, sub-
pilose, crowned with an apical coma 15 lines long, consisting of many dense erect reddish
hairs ; embryo in corneous albumen, with a superior terete radicle 3 line long and oblong
subobtuse cotyledons 2 lines long, 14 lines broad.

Drawings of this species, in flower and in fruit, with the analysis of the flower, fruit,
and seeds, are given in Plate XVII.

Species excluded :—

Macrosiphonia hypoleuca, Müll. . . . = Rhodocalyz hypoleucus, nob.
M. suaveolens, Mart. & Gall. . . . . Rhodocalyx suaveolens, nob.

STIPECOMA.

This genus was elaborated by me in 1837, under another name, for some new species
which I had collected, and illustrated by drawings and analyses taken from the living
plants. Dr. Müller published the genus in 1860, upon Echites peltigera, A. DO., which
he described and figured in the * Flora Brasiliensis, not recognizing two other species
described by him under Echites. His generic name is not quite consistent, because the
coma of the seed is not stipitated, properly speaking, but springs from the long rostrate
summit of the testa. Messrs. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 724) quite misunderstood
the earpologieal characters of the genus, which they had derived from Müller, who was
unacquainted with the real structure. The following is a more correct diagnosis.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 133

Sripecoma, Müll. (char. emendat.). Sepala lineari-oblonga, longiuscula, obtusa, tenuiter membranacea,
reticulata, erecta, intus ad basin squamulis singulis alternatim munita. Corolla tubulosa ; tubus calyce
longior, cylindricus, crasse carnosus, imo latior, ad medium subito constrictus, superne inflatus,
5-sulcato-plicatus, fauce coarctatus, aut levior et subcampanulatus ; segmenta 5, oblonga, rotunda-
tim insequilatera, versus angulum sinistrum acuta, rotatim expansa, dextrorsum convoluta, tubo
subequilonga. Stamina 5, inclusa; filamenta subbrevia, crassa, flexuosa, ad constrictionem tubi
inserta; anthere majuscule, rigide, imo divaricatim biaristatz, apice acutissimze, in conum con-
niventes, et ad clavunculam coherentes. Discus 5-lobus, lobis obtuse oblongis, carnosis, quam
ovarias paullo brevioribus. Ovaria 2, oblonga, subacuta; stylus tenuis, clavuncula crasse cylindrica
5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata suffulta, stamina attingens; stigmata terminalia, parvula, tenuia.
Folliculi 2, majusculi, teretes, longi, subarcuati, apice coherentes, sutura ventrali dehiscentes ;
pericarpium crassum, rigidum ; placenta maxima, tenuiter chartacea, medio longitrorsum carinata
(carina intra suturam affixa, demum soluta), utrinque latissime extensa, et in tubi formam voluta,
marginibus vix approximatis, hinc undique libera, extus levis, intus costellis prominulis 10
(utrinque 5 carine parallelis) remote articulatis munita; articulis tot quot semina (circiter 60),
singulatim funiculo brevi semen pendendo et appendice mitrzformi velata donatis; vase spirales
medulla costellarum permeantes, per funiculos raphesque continuate, demum in chalazis basalibus
evanide ; testa elliptico-oblonga, chartacea, glabra, dorso convexa, ventre canaliculata, et hinc raphe
longitudinali a funiculo ad chalazam basalem continua signata, apice in rostrum breve constricta,
superne in annulum micropylen ambientem et comiferum incrassata; coma teste longitudinis,
e pilis elastice sericeis, erecta ; albumen teste conforme, durum ; embryo anatropus, inclusus; coty-
ledones 2, oblong, foliacez, canaliculatim incurve ; radicula supera, teres, his triplo longior.

Frutices scandentes Brasilienses : folia opposita, crassa, late ovato-oblonga, profunde peltata, petio-
lata; racemi azillares, longiusculi, pendentes, tomentosi, ramosi; pedunculi bractea magna foliosa
donati, pluriflori; pedicelli bibracteolati ; flores speciosi, lutei.

l. Srirecoma PELTIGERA, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 176, tab. 53: Echites peltigera, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit.
1841, Beibl. 21; A. DC. L c. p. 447: Echites tropaolifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 447. In Brasilia, prov.
Cuyaba, Minas Geraés et Bahia: non vidi.

The type, and only species described by Müller as belonging to the genus; several
others, however, are described by him under Echites which he did not recognize. This
is a delicate climbing species, very different in appearance from the others, which gene-
rally have very large leaves and bunches of handsome flowers. Its slender flexuose
branches have axils 2-3 in. apart; its leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, peltate, rounded at
the base, suddenly acuminate and mucronate at the apex, rigidly membranaceous, with
revolute margins, rorid and cinereously reddish above, glaucously opake below, and
covered with very minute whitish dots, 24-3 in. long, 12-13 in. broad, on angular
slender petioles 14 in. long, fixed peltately 4-3 in. above their base; the panicles are
terminal in the dichotomy of the ultimate pair of leaves in the young branchlets,
14-23 in. long; peduncle 8 lines long, divided into 2 branches of the same length, each
bearing about 6 flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long; flowers reddish, 93 lines long; sepals
roundly ovate, obtuse, glabrous, with ciliolate margins, 1 line long, with a small basal
bifid scale alternate with each; corolla glabrous ; tube cylindrical, contracted in the
middle, where it is staminigerous, 6 lines long; segments dolabriform, 4 lines long and
broad; anthers acuminate, 2-aristate at the base, hispid dorsally; lobes of disk sub-
connate at the base, nearly as long as the 2 pilose ovaries; 2 follicles, straight, terete,

134 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

acuminate, 4 in. long, 4 in. thick; seeds with a slender rostrum half their length,
terminated by a coma as long as the seed.

2. STIPECOMA PELTATA, nob.: Echites peltata, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 110, Icon. iii. tab. 32; A. DC. (in
parte) J. c. p. 465; Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 159 (excl. tab. 53. fig. 2). In Brasilia, prov. Rio de
Janeiro, in montibus : non vidi.

, Velloz found this species on the confines of that province, on the road leading from

Cunha to Santa Cruz. The plants cited by Müller as constituting it belong to another

species (mucronata), which I found in the Organ Mountains; and it is manifest that

neither he nor De Candolle had seen Velloz's plant, which has much larger leaves and a

different inflorescence. This species has much larger leaves than any of the others (if we

except S. macrocalyx). Its branches are more than 3 lines thick; the oblong-ovate
leaves are orbicular at the base, shortly acute at the summit, quite glabrous, 93 in. long,

63 in. broad, the insertion of the stout petiole (3 in. long) being 2 in. from the base;

opposite axillary racemes, shorter than the young leaves from which they spring; the

peduncle 1 in. long, bears about 3 alternate flowers, supported by as many oblong bracts

5 lines long; the pedicels, 6 lines long, bear in the middle 2 acute bracteoles 24 lines

long; sepals acutely oblong, 9 lines long, 24 lines broad; corolla large, sulphur-coloured ;

tube cylindrical, stoutish, constricted in the middle, 13 in. long; segments spathulate-
oblong, inequilateral, obliquely truncate, 1 in. long, 5 lines broad; stamens seated in
the contraction of the tube; anthers acute, 4lines long; disk sub-5-lobed, as long as
the ovaries, which they embrace; 2 follicles teretely cylindrical, a little arcuate, con-
joined firmly at the summit, smooth, 8 in. long, 9 lines thick; seeds acutely oblong,
1 in. long, including a rostrum of half their length ; apical coma 1 in. long.

3. STIPECOMA PLICATA, nob.: Echites plicata, A. DC. 1. c. p. 454: Echites peltata, Müll. (non Velloz)
l. c. p. 159. In prov. Rio de Janeiro, ad ped. Mont. Organ. : v. s. in herb. meo (22. 206) ex loc. cit.
sine flore (Mrs. Fry).

The above specimen agrees in all respects with the diagnosis of De Candolle; the in-
florescence I have not seen. It is a climbing plant, with flexuose, fistular, angular,
striate branches, sparsely covered with fulvous tomentum, its axils being 13-2 in. apart;
leaves ovate-oblong, rounded and plicately undulate at the base, suddenly narrowed at
the summit by an acute reflexed acumen, chartaceous, margins cartilaginous and sub-
revolute, above olive-green, opake, finely corrugulate, with 7 basal radiating nerves, and
7 pairs of lateral divergent immersed nerves, below fulvo-ochraceous, opake, obsoletely
tomentous, with prominent reddish costa and straight nerves, all arcuately conjoined
within the margin, and immersed transverse veins; they are 34-5 in. long, 12-21 in. broad,
on stout petioles 1-11 in. long, inserted ¿4 in. within the margin, patent or subdeflexed at
the base. The inflorescence, according to De Candolle, is axillary, short, 1- or 2-flowered,
subtomentous, on a very short peduncle, with 2 or 4 bracts 3 lines long; pedicels 6 lines
long; sepals obtusely oblong, glabrous, shorter than the pedicels; corolla yellow, glabrous;
tube 9 lines long, thicker above the calyx, and there pilose and staminigerous within;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 135

segments elliptic, somewhat shorter than the tube; lobes. of disk obtusely oblong, as long
as the 2 ovaries.

4. STIPECOMA PULCHRA, nob.: scandens, ramis crassis, demum glabris, ramulisque fistulosis, teretibus,
validis, in axillis compressis et dilatatis, dense ochraceo- et floccoso-tomentosis : foliis profunde
peltatis, late ovatis, imo rolundatis et undulatis, apice in acumen brevissimum acutum subito con-
strictis, marginibus integris, subretusis, revolutis, chartaceis, supra profunde viridibus, glabris,
opacis et rugulose granulatis, nervis basalibus 7 radiantibus, lateralibus utrinque 6, patentim
divaricatis, cunctis intra marginem arcuatim nexis, subimmersis, eveniis, subtus ochraceo-
tomentellis, costa valida, nervis prominentibus transversim venosis ; petiolis crassis, teretibus,
longiusculis, ochraceo-tomentosis, imo sœpe gyratim tortis: inflorescentia insigni, laterali, valde
elongata, undique fulvo-tomentosa; pedunculo crasse tereti, fasciculis 2-4 remotis ramulosis in-
structo; ramulis plurimis, congestim multifloris, dense imbricatim bracteatis; bracteis magnis,
elliptico-oblongis, acutis, inferioribus majoribus sæpe foliola simulantibus; pedicellis ex axillis
bractearum enatis, validis, et eis zequilongis, imo 2-bracteolatis, bracteolis lanceolatis paullo brevi-
oribus; sepalis lineari-oblongis, acutis, membranaceis, margine undulatis, obsolete pilosis, intus
squamulis paucis minutissimis donatis; corolla glabra; tubo cylindrico sepalis sesquilongiore,
medio valde constricto ; segmentis insequilateri-oblongis, acutis, expansis, æstivatione dextrorsum
convolutis ; staminibus ad constrictionem tubi insertis, inclusis; filamentis subbrevibus, carnosulis ;
antheris corneis, apice cuspidatis, imo divergenter biaristatis; disco 5-lobo, lobis carnosis virides-
centibus, rotundatis, imo connatis, ovaria 2 rotundata circumcingentibus; stylo brevi, tenui;
clavuncula crassa, cylindrica, 5-sulcata, glutinosa, et imo membrana lata horizontali munita, stig-
matibus 2 minimis. Rio de Janeiro, v. v. ad Morro Flamengo, et sicc. in herb. meo (3877).

I found this fine species in flower in 1837. The branches are 4 in. thick, have axils
9 in. apart; leaves 51-7 in. long, 31-51 in. broad, the insertion of the petiole 2—1 in.
above the base, the acute acumen 4 in. long and broad, the petioles 4-5 in. long; the
ripe axillary panieles are 51 in. long, with about 6 branches, peduncle bare at the base
for 1 in., branches 1 in. long, bearing upwards many crowded flowers; bracts many,
6 lines long, 2 lines broad; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals 6 lines long; tube of corolla
9 lines long; segments 6 lines long, 3 lines broad; anthers 3 lines long; disk and
ovaries 1 line long; style 3 lines long, clavuncle $ line long.

A drawing of this species, with its floral analysis, is shown in Plate XVIII.

5. Sripecoma mucronata, nob. : Echites peltata, Müll. in parte (non Velloz), /. c. p. 159, tab. 53. fig. 2
(semen) : scandens, ramulis teretibus, crassiusculis, fistulosis, adultis subglabris, junioribus fulvo-
tomentosis, axillis dilatatis paullo compressis: foliis profunde peltatis, vatis, imo orbiculatis,
undulato-subplicatis, apicem versus rotundatis et in acumen. lineare premia obtuse mucro-
natis, marginibus vix revolutis, chartaccis, supra olivaceo-viridibus, opacis, sparse pubescentibus,
nervis basalibus 7 radiantibus, lateralibus utrinque 5 paullo divergentibus marginem versus
arcuatim nexis, paullo prominulis, reticulato-venosis, subtus ochraceis, densius tomentosis,
costa nervisque rubescentibus prominentibus ; petiolis crassis, tomentosis, sensim. deflexis, pel-
tatim affixis: racemis axillaribus, quam folium dimidio brevioribus, fulvo-tomentosis d pedunculo
alternatim 6-floro, bracteato; pedicellis remotiusculis, sub medium 2-bracteolatis ; floribus me
culis; sepalis linearibus, obtusulis, nervoso-membranaceis, glabris, pedicellum fere coge
intus squamulis 3 acutis singulatim munitis ; corolla glabra; tubo crassiusculo, cylindrico, me io
constricto, ad faucem subito ampliato; segmentis magnis, oblongis, subtruncatis, insequilateris

136 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEA.

membranaceis, nervoso-reticulatis, tubi longitudine, «estivatione dextrorsum convolutis : folliculis 2,

teretibus, arcuatis, apice nexis, seminibus ut in S. ovata. In Brasilia, prov.Rio de Janeiro, ad

Cantagallo : v. v. et sicco in herb. meo (4055), in flore et fructu, montibus Organensibus.
The fistular branches 24 lines thick, narrow, curvingly upwards, with axils 6 in. apart;
~ leaves 34-5 in. long, 22-4 in. broad, on reflexed petioles 12-15 lines long, inserted 1 in.
above the basal margin; raceme 1-2 in. long; peduncle flexuose, 1 in. long, bearing 6
alternate flowers on pedicels 4-6 lines long, bibracteolate in the middle; bracteoles
linear, 2-3 lines long; sepals spathulately linear, subobtuse, 5 lines long, 1 line broad;
tube of corolla greenish red, 16 lines long; segments pale rose-colour, 8 lines long, 5 lines
broad; fructiferous peduncle, thickened, 1 in. long, supporting 2 arching follicles (not
arrived at half their maturity) 4 in. long, 2 lines broad.

Specimens of this plant were sent to Müller from Cantagalla, by Peckholt, the seeds
of which were figured by the former under Echites peltata. The soft flexible coma of
these seeds are gathered by the natives and called painha de penna, being used as a
substitute for feather-down, samples of which were shown in the London International
Exhibition in 1862.

6. STIPECOMA MACROCALYX, nob.: Echites macrocalyx, Müll. l. c. p. 160. In prov. Bahia (Blanchet,
Sello 1665) : non vidi.

A species near that figured by Velloz, growing in damp shady places. Its branches are
ferruginously tomentous; its large leaves are broadly ovate, with a short cuspidate
acumen, peltately fixed on long petioles, subcoriaceous, above fuscous green, and slightly
pubescent, below ochraceously fuscous, opake, densely tomentous on the nerves, which
are arcuately conjoined within the margin; they are said to be larger than those of
S. speciosa, nob. The opposite racemes, scarcely longer than the petioles, bear 2 or 3
greenish-yellow flowers, each pedicel supported by 2 bracts, all as long as the calyx;
sepals oblong-ovate, acute, erect, membranaceous, ferruginously pubescent, 1-12 in.
long, each with an inner deeply multilaciniate basal scale; corolla glabrous, 22 in. long;
tube stout, cylindrical, campanulate in the mouth; segments half its length, broadly
ovate or subrotund; anthers hairy behind; lobes of disk free, as long as the 2 tomen-
tous ovaries.

7. STIPECOMA SPECIOSA, nob.: scandens, ramulis crassiusculis, fistulosis, striatis, ferrugineo-tomentosis,
axillis dilatato-compressis: foliis profunde peltatis, oblongo-obovatis, imo orbiculatis et undulato-
plicatis, apice subito acuminatis, concavis, molliter crassiusculis, marginibus subrevolutis, supra
fusco-viridibus, opacis, obsolete puberulis, nervis 7 basalibus radiantibus, lateralibus utrinque 8
recte divergentibus, cunctis intra marginem arcuatim nexis, prominulis, subtus ochraceo-pallidi-
oribus, opacis, subtomentosis, costa nervisque rufulis, venis tenuissimis transversis immersis ;
petiolis crassiuseulis, tomentosis, teretibus, longiusculis, flexuosis, deflexis: paniculis axillaribus,
petiolo 2plo longioribus; pedunculo petiolum quante, apice 3-ramoso, ramis fastigiato-plurifloris,
multibracteatis; bracteis linearibus; pedicellis ad medium lineari-bibracteolatis; sepalis lineari-
lanceolatis, quam pedicelli vix brevioribus, erectis, membranaceis, sparse puberulis; corolla speciosa,
flava, glabra; tubo cylindrico, crassiusculo, quam sepali 2plo longiore, hine valde constricto, superne
subeampanulato ; segmentis tubum «equantibus dolabriformibus, venosis, expansis, «estivatione dex-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE®. 137

trorsum tortis et convolutis; staminibus ad contractionem tubi insertis. In Rio de Janeiro, v. v.
in montibus Organensibus, in herb. meo (4056).
I found this species in flower in January 1838. The fistulose scandent branches are
4 in. thick, with axils 7 in. apart; the opposite leaves are 34-6 in. long, 21-33 in. broad,
on petioles 12-2 in. long, which are inserted 2—1 in. above the base of the blade; panicle
spreading, 3-4 in. long, subtomentous; peduncle bare at the base, 2 in. long; its 8
branches 2 in. long, each bearing 5-6 approximate flowers, on pedicels bracteate at
their base, bibracteate in the middle, 8 lines long; bracts 6 lines long, 1 line broad;
sepals the size of the bracts, reticulately veined, each having within at the base a small
alternate scale; tube of corolla 1 in. long; segments 9 lines long, 4 lines broad ; anthers
slender, 43 lines long, acutely acuminate, and sharply biaristate at the base, subpuberu-
lous behind; disk 5 free fleshy roundish lobes nearly as long as the 2 roundish glabrous
ovaries; style slender; clavuncle incrassate, glandular, supported upon a peltate
membranaceous appendage.

8. STIPECOMA ovata, nob. : scandens, ramis strictis, crassis, teretibus, striatis, fistulosis, pallidis, cinereo-
pruinosis, sparse lenticellatis; axillis remotis, linea transversali notatis: foliis ovatis, imo orbicu-
laribus et undulato-plicatis, apice sensim late acutis et mucronatis, marginibus revolutis, crassiuscule
chartaceis, supra fusco-viridibus, opacis, corrugulatis, costa nervisque immersis, subtus flavide
ferrugineis, opacis, corrugulatis et granulosis, obsolete tomentosis, nervis basalibus 7 radiantibus,
lateralibusque utrinque 7 prominulis, versus marginem arcuatim nexis ; petiolo vix crasso, angulato,
corrugulato, imo cirrose reflexo : pedunculo fructifero crasso, petiolum quante ; folliculis 2 sub-
pedalibus, paullo arcuatis, teretibus, striatellis, cinereo-nigrescentibus, apicibus subangustatis arcte
jugatis: ceeteris ut in char. generico. In Brasilia: v. v. in fructu, montibus Organensibus, in herb.
meo (4058) ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie and Cunningham).

The branches are 3 lines in thickness, very fistulose, rigid, with axils 8 in. apart; the
leaves are 44-51 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, on petioles 14-14 in. long, inserted ¿ in. within
the border. The fructiferous peduncle, with the cicatrices of 2 abortive flowers, is 13 in.
long; the follicles are 104 in. long; the seeds (including the long glabrous rostrum
6 lines) are 14 lines long, 1 line broad, with an apical spreading coma 13 lines long;
funicle beneath the ring of the coma very short, but distinct.

The follicles in Bowie and Cunningham's specimen, not yet ripe, are 74 in. long,
4 lines broad.

A drawing of this species in fruit, showing the carpical structure, and the analysis of
its seeds are given in Plate XIX.

9. STIPECOMA PARABOLICA, nob.: scandens, foliis subpeltatis, oblongis, imo rotundatis, supra medium
sensim angustioribus, apice in acumen sublineare acutum recurvulum attenuatis, marginibus SECH
subrevolutis, crassiuscule chartaceis, supra profunde viridibus, glabriusculis, nervis eier don ad
insertionem petioli glandula rotundata signatis, subtus opacis, ferrugineo-pruinosis ; po. E
recurvato, 6plo breviore quam limbo, paullo intra marginem subtus peltatim dio BE,
In Brasilia : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prope San Paulo (Bowie and Cunningham), sine flore et fructu.

The leaves are 44 in. long, 2 in. broad, on a somewhat slender petiole ¿ in. long, in.

serted 1 line within the margin.
; T

138 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

RHODOCALYX.

This genus comprises several low-growing plants, for the most part springing out of
ligneous tuberose rhizomes, producing several short stems, knotty and bracteolate at the
base, bare and erect above, where they are furnished with few opposite broadish leaves,
either subsessile or petiolate. The inflorescence consists of one or few flowers, axillary
or terminal in the sinus of the two ultimate leaves; these are supported by slender pedi-
cels, bracteolate at the base; the sepals are rather large, often of a reddish hue, sub-
membranaceous, reticulately veined, acute, sometimes subcordate at the base, with an
inner, broad, deeply lacinulate scale; the corolla is salver-shaped ; tube narrowed at
the base for the length of the calyx, funnel-shaped above; segments oblong, one-third
of its length, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens seated in the constriction of the tube ;
anthers linear, acute, subcohering, with 2 short basal prongs; style filiform; clavuncle
thickened, cylindrical, with a basal peltiform appendage. But the chief peculiarity is
the manner in which its seeds are suspended from the lamellar placente of 2 terete
follicles; these are imbricate, oblong, subcompressed, dorsally convex and cancellately
reticulated, concave on the ventral face, where they are marked with a raphe running
from top to bottom, which at its summit is extended into a filiform funicle 6 times
the length of the seed, and by which the latter is suspended from the placenta; the
seed is crowned by an erect coma 5 times its length; the anatropous embryo is im-
bedded in albumen, its 2 oblong foliaceous cotyledons, laterally incurved, are 3 times
as long as the more slender terete superior radicle.

The presence of a distinct funicle, by which the seed is suspended, brings this genus
into proximity with Stipecoma; but it wants the long peculiar rostrum, seen in the seed
of the latter genus ; in other respects it is extremely different.

1. Ruopocatyx ROTUNDIFOLIUS, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 173, tab. 51. In Brasilie prov. central. : v. s.
in herb. meo, Minas Geraés (Claussen).

This plant, in the herbarium, may at first sight be mistaken for the Dipladenia illus-
tris, var. rotundifolia, of Miller; but it may be recognized by the presence of its lower
bracteiform leaves, by its smaller flowers, larger (not lanceolate) sepals, a shorter tube
of the corolla, which is a little longer than the sepals. It has been wrongly regarded as
identical with the Zehites erecta of Velloz (which is Laseguea erecta, Müll.). Its ligneous
rhizome is horizontal, sending from one extremity several short erect stems, scarcely a
foot long, bearing towards the base a few opposite acute bracteiform scales (abortive
leaves), and, above the middle, 2 or 3 pairs of leaves about 2 in. apart; the leaves are
suborbicular, with a very short acumen, pale green above, thickly clothed with a whitish
tomentum, with about 4 pairs of distant immersed nerves, 13-23 in. long, 14-23 in.
broad, with a pubescent petiole 1 line long. The inflorescence is tomentous, 2-43 in.
long, on a straight peduncle bearing about 4 pairs of opposite flowers (sometimes
reduced to a single one) on pedicels 10 lines long, each furnished at the base with a bract
nearly of its length, acutely oblong, glabrous, with ciliated margins; sepals oblong,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 139

acute, reticulated, 8 lines long, 44 lines broad ; tube of corolla constricted in the middle,
cylindrical, 10 lines long; segments acutely and obliquely ovate, 4 lines long, 34 lines
broad; stamens arising from a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; anthers acute,
shortly bilobed at the base, connivent in a cone; disk of 5 oblong fleshy lobes nearly the
length of the 2 oblong ovaries; style slender, bearing a thick oblong clavuncle with a
lacerated membrane at its base, terminated by 2 short obtuse stigmata; follicles, accord-
ing to Müller, terete, 4 in. long, 3} lines thick; seeds oblong, truncated (not rostrate),
2 lines long, 1 line broad, compressed, surmounted by a copious coma 18 lines long, and
suspended by a rigid funicle 21 lines long.
A drawing of the follicle and of its seed is shown in Plate XX. a.

2. RHODOCALYX CRASSIFOLIUS, nob.: Amblyanthera crassifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 143: Echites crassifolia,
Spruce MS. In Brasilia; Rio Negro: v. s. in hb. meo, prope San Carlos (Spruce 3136).

This, certainly, is not an Amblyanthera. Apparently it is a dwarfish erect shrub,
with a stem only a few inches high, seemingly springing from a tuberous root, as in the
preceding species. This stem is divided at its summit into 2 or 3 suberect, stoutish,
reddish, angularly. compressed, sparsely hirsutulous branches, 3-33 in. long, each
terminated by only 2 opposite patent leaves, which are oblong, cordate, rounded at the
summit, rigidly coriaceous, with subrevolute margins, glabrous, reddish green above,
with immersed nerves, below opake, reddish ochreous, nerveless, with sparing dark dots,
midrib prominent; on different branches they are respectively 24 and 3$ in. long, 14 and
17 in. broad, on stout petioles 1 line long; peduncle terminal, 2 lines long, bearing about
2 flowers on slender pedicels 8 lines long; sepals acute, 8 lines long, 2 lines broad, of a
reddish colour, thickly membranaceous, sparsely pilose; tube of corolla fleshy, cylin-
drical, constricted in the middle, sparsely pilose, 20 lines long; segments spathulate-
oblong, oblique, dextrorsely convolute, 8 lines long, 4 lines broad; stamens inserted in
the constriction of the tube; filaments pilose; disk 5-lobed, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

A drawing and analysis of the flower of this species are given in Plate XX. a.

3. Ruopocaryx LANUGINOSUS, nob.: Echites lanuginosa, Mart. et Gall. Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. 357;
Walp. Rep. vi. 477. In Mexico: non vidi.

A species with an erect, branching, tomentous stem; leaves roundish, entire, sub-
cordate, pale green above, densely covered beneath with soft woolly tomentum, as in
R. rotundifolius, less than 1 in. long, on very short petioles ; flowers solitary in the axils,
on a short pedicel; tube of corolla 23 in. long.

4. RuonocaLyx svavEOLENs, nob.: Echites (Macrosiphonia) suaveolens, Mart. et Gall. Bull. Acad.
Brux. xi. 356; Walp. Rep. vi. 477. In Mexico: non vidi.
This plant cannot belong to Macrosiphonia, on account of its habit, locality, and
inflorescence. It is congeneric with the preceding, and accords well with Ehodocalyz.
It has an erect, branching, pubesecent stem; the leaves are oblong, entire, with revolute

margins, pubescent above, snowy tomentous beneath, 2 in. long, 5-6 lines po almost
T

140 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

sessile ; flowers axillary, solitary, on pedicels shorter than the leaves; corolla white,
salver-shaped, with a subtomentous tube 14 in. long; segments 6 lines long.

5. RuonocaLYx HYPOLEUCUS, nob.: Echites hypoleuca, Benth. Pl. Hartw. pp. 23 et 33; A. DC. Prodr.
viii. 472: Macrosiphonia hypoleuca, Müll. Linn. xxx. 452. In Mexico (Hartweg 193) : non vidi.

Dr. Müller regarded this species as belonging to Macrosiphonia--which opinion cannot
be maintained, for the reasons given in the description of the two preceding species. It
approaches R. suaveolens. It has 2 or 3 erect puberulous stems, 6 in. high, rising from
a thickish root; leaves ovate-oblong, sublanceolate, subcordate, sparsely puberulous
above, covered with white tomentum below, 10-18 lines long, 4-7 lines broad, on
petioles 1 line long; peduncle terminal in the sinus of the ultimate pair of leaves, aud
shorter than they, with 1 or 2 bracts at the base of 1 or 2 flowers; bracts 3-4 lines
long, tomentous; pedicels as long as the peduncle, pubescent; sepals linear-lanceolate,
velutinous, 4-5 lines long, 1 line broad; corolla white; tube cylindrical, velutinous,
13-13 in. long, subventricose above the middle, and contracted in the mouth, which is
yellowish; segments obovate, half as long as the tube, with reddish margins; disk of
5 oblong lobes, of which 2 are subeconnate at the base, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

6. RHODOCALYX CRASSIPES, nob.: Echites crassipes, Rich. Fl. Cub. xi. p. 91: Walp. Ann. v. p. 494. In
Cuba, circa Janasi (Sagra) : non vidi.

- A climbing species, with very slender, glabrous branches; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
narrow, obtuse at both ends, mucronate, coriaceous, with immersed nerves, petiolate;
inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered, on a short thick pedicel; sepals oblong-lanceolate,
acute, glabrous; corolla 2 in. long; tube swelling above the middle; segments obovate-
oblong, obtuse; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube.

7. RHODOCALYX CALYCOSUS, nob. : Echites calycosa, Rich. Pl. Cub. p. 94; Griseb. Pl. Wright. Cub. p. 520,
in Cat, Pl. Cub. p. 194 (sub Laseguea); Walp. Ann. v. 495. In Cuba, Santiago (Linden 1783) :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuba (Wright 1377).

The specimen above-mentioned agrees with Richard’s diagnosis in all essential respects.
That description however, by a typical error, states that the segments of the corolla are
13 to 4 times longer than the tube, instead of 3 times shorter. Grisebach copies
this error.

It is a subscandent shrub, with slender, twining, ferruginously hirsute branchlets,
having axils about 6 in. apart; leaves broadly elliptic, subacute at the base, shortly
acuminate, pale green and sparsely pilose above, ferruginous and hirsutulous beneath,
with reddish prominulent nerves and reticulated veins, 4-5 in. long, 2-21 in. broad, on
pubescent petioles 5-6 lines long; racemes lateral, puberulous, 5 in. long, on a peduncle
bare at the base for 1} in., bearing upwards 4 or more lax flowers on slender pubescent
pedicels 9 lines long, each supported by a linear adpressed pilose bract 6 lines long,
2 lines broad ; sepals linear, acuminate, pale and submembranaceous, puberulous, ciliated,
7 lines long, 2 lines broad (one of them sometimes a little broader), each with an inner
basal broad pectinate scale; tube of corolla narrow at the base for about half its length,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 141

broadly campanulate above, membranaceous, white, lj in. long; segments roundish,
dolabriform, with a sharp tooth on one side, retusely sinuate on the upper margin,
7 lines long, 6 lines broad; stamens seated on a broad rigidly pilose ring in the contrac-
tion of the tube; disk cleft into 5 subacute lobes, nearly as long as the 2 glabrous
oblong ovaries.

Grisebach regarded this species as a Laseguea ; but the size and shape of the corolla,
and other characters, forbid such a reference.

8. RHODOCALYX CINEREUS, nob.: Echites cinerea, Rich. Fl. Cub. xi. p. 93; Walp. Ann. v. p.494. In
Cuba (Sagra) : non vidi.

A shrub with an erect stem, bearing several virgate branches, densely cinereo-hirsute ;
leaves small, ovate, obtuse and subcordate at the base, acuminate, cinereo-hirtulous on
both sides, on almost obsolete petioles; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate; sepals
subulately linear, hirsute; corolla hypocrateriform, with a slender hirsute tube, slightly
swollen near the middle; segments broadly ovate, very obtuse, rotate, puberulous, some-
what longer than the tube; follicles 2, straight, parallel, acute, cinereo-hirtous, 3 in.
long; seeds narrow oblong, compressed, terminated by a longer coma, and suspended by
a long funicle.

9. RHODOCALYX COCCINEUS, nob.: Echites coccinea, Hook. Arn. Journ. Bot. 1. 286: Echites Hookeri,
A. DC. l.c. p. 476; Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 161: Dipladenia coccinea, Müll. l.c. p. 132. In Brasilia
austr. prov. Rio Grande, fluv. Jacuhy, in saxosis (Tweedie 791) : non vidi.

A species much resembling R. rotundifolius. Very few characters are given of it; but
it is said to be an erect shrub, rising from a root having 5 or 6 black tubers like potatoes ;
leaves elliptic, obtuse at the base, acute, very glabrous; peduncle terminal, bearing a
corymb of rich scarlet flowers, the size of those of the oleander, on bracteate pedi-
cels ; sepals large, subulate, half the length of the tube of the corolla; follicles linear,
glabrous.

From my analysis of a kindred species received from Tweedie, from the same locality,
little doubt can exist that this plant belongs to Rhodocalyz.

.10. RHODOCALYX ovatus, nob. : Echites coccinea, var. B. ovata, Hook. Arn. l.c. In Brasilia austr. prov.
Rio Grande: v. fol. sicc. in herb. meo, fluv. Jacuhy (Tweedie).

The single loose leaf accompanying the specimens sent to me by Tweedie, quite agrees
with the description above cited. It merely states that the leaves are broader, sub-
rotund-elliptic, and that the flowers are paler; the leaf received is orbicularly ovate,
rounded at the base, emarginate and broadly mucronate at the apex, entire margins
subrevolute, chartaceous, very glabrous, reddish green above, sulcate along the midrib,
with fine immersed diverging nerves and reticulated veins, ferruginously opake beneath,
with subprominent midrib and prominulent nerves, 31 in. long, 14 in. broad, on a
slender rigid petiole 8 lines long.

142 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

11. Ruopocaryx Tweepranus, nob. In Brasilia austr.: v. s. in herb. meo, prov. Rio Grande ad fluv.
Jacuhy (Tweedie).

Two specimens of this species were sent to me in 1835 by Tweedie; both evidently
indicate that the stems are simple, probably not more than 8 to 12 in. high; the stem is
slender, pale brown, fistulose, very glabrous, $ line thick, the nodes scarcely dilated,
bearing 6 or 8 setiform stipules on each face; in the specimen with a perfect flower
the terminal internode in its whole extent is 6 in. long; in the younger specimen, with
the flower in bud, the terminal internode is 14 in., the intermediate internode 2% in., the
lower one only 3 in. long; the opposite leaves are oblong-ovate, obtuse or emarginately
cordate at the base, rounded and emarginate, or abruptly acuminate at the summit,
submembranaceous, opake green above, with immersed very fine divergent nerves,
yellowish opake beneath, the midrib, nerves, and fine transversely reticulated veins
reddish and little prominulent, 2-23 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on slender petioles 5-8 lines
long; the terminal solitary flower, seated in the sinus of the ultimate leaves, has no
peduncle, the pedicel is 10 lines long, supported by 2 basal lanceolate membranaceous
braets 3 lines long; sepals acutely lanceolate, submembranaceous, with undulate
margins, erect, pale reddish, 4 lines long (one a little broader), each with a lanceolate
ciliated inner basal scale; corolla apparently red, with a tube 10 lines long, narrowed at
its base for 2 lines, thence rather narrowly funnel-shaped above, with obovate inequi-
lateral rhomboid obtuse segments, finely reticulately nerved, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad ;
stamens seated on a dense pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; filaments short,
retrorsely pilose; anthers subcohering, linear, with a membranaceous apex, obtusely and
shortly bilobed at the base; disk of 5 free oblong lobes, shorter than the 2 acutely
oblong glabrous ovaries; style reaching the anthers, with a thickened clavuncle mem-
branaceously peltate at the base, terminated by 2 short stigmata.

These characters all correspond with Rhodocalyx, and in no way accord with Dipla-
denia. The shorter inferior internode in Tweedie's specimen indicates that the plant, as
in the several preceding species, is very short in stature, and its stems simple.

12. RuopocaLyx CUNEIFOLIUS, nob, : caulibus e basi binis, humilibus, striatis, pallidis, puberulis; foliis
basalibus oppositis, acute ovatis, bracteiformibus, sequentibus gradatim majoribus, reliquis obovatis,
infra medium cuneatim angustatis, apice rotundiusculis et subito mucroniformi-apiculatis, rigide
chartaceis, utrinque sparsim subpuberulis, costa hirsutula, marginibus ciliatis, concoloribus, nervis
immersis divergentibus et crebre parallelis, fere sessilibus: racemo terminali, pedunculo quam folium
sesqui longiore ; floribus 4, alternatim oppositis ; pedicellis imo bracteolatis, calyce paullo longioribus,
breviter puberulis; sepalis lineari-acuminatis, membranaceis, valde imbricatis, sparsim pilosulis, mar-
gine ciliatis, intus squamula bidentata munitis ; corolla hypocrateriformi ; tubo supra basin pro quarta
parte anguste cylindrico, superne ventricoso, quinqueplicato, fauce subconstricto, extus puberulo ; seg-
mentis late dolabriformibus, rotatis, tubo tertia parte brevioribus ; staminibus ad contractionem tubi
in annulo piloso insertis; filamentis antice affixis, gossypinis; antheris apice membranaceis, imo
aristis 2 obtusis parallelis quam filamenta paullo brevioribus munitis ; disco fere ad basin in lobos 5 car-
nosos apice emarginatos fisso; ovariis 2 acuminatis discum paullo excedentibus; stylo tenui, imo
breviter bifisso, cruribus cum ovariis articulatis; clavuncula crassa, 5-sulcata, imo peltato-mem-

branacea; stigmatibus brevibus terminalibus. In Brasilia: v. s. in kerb. meo (n. 16894), Minas
Geraës (Claussen).

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 143

The above specimen, with the aspect of a Dipladenia, is only 7 in. long, with a
straight, erect stem, with the fragment of another conjoined at the base. The basal
opposite leaves are diminished to the size of small ovate bracts; in the superior axils
they are only 3 lines long ; the superior three pairs, 1 in. apart, are erect, 14-14 in. long, 6-9
lines broad above the middle, on petioles scarcely 1 line long. The terminal panicle has
an erect peduncle bare at its base for 21 in., and bears, above, 4 flowers à in. apart,
on bracteolate pedicels 7 lines long; sepals 5 lines long; basal contraction of tube of
corolla 5 lines long, its entire length being 21 lines; segments 7 lines long, 5 lines
broad; the colour of the flower is apparently purplish red; the stamens are inserted
6 lines above the base of the tube, on a densely pilose ring ; the anthers acuminate,
rigid, with 2 basal obtuse parallel prongs; the compressed filaments are fixed in front
above the sinus of the forks, as in R. crassifolius, with which its floral characters corre-
spond in all respects.

PRESTONIA.

This genus was established by Robert Brown in 1811, upon one of the rare plants
collected by Banks and Solander at Rio de Janeiro in 1768. This, however, was only
imperfectly described by that celebrated botanist, as he failed to observe the peculiar
structure of the fruit, which was also unknown to Kunth, De Candolle, Endlicher,
Müller, and the authors of the ‘Genera Plantarum.’ The latter botanists (op. cit. ii. p. 709)
amalgamated with it the genus Hemadictyon, because in both cases the tube of the
corolla is furnished in the mouth with a callous ring and 5 free narrow linear
appendages. Under the head of Hemadictyon the reasons will be given more fully
for refusing to adopt this conclusion. One good discriminating character has been
overlooked, viz. the presence of several small stipules upon the transverse ridge at
each node, and the involucel of several stipuliform scales where the peduncle of the in-
florescence rises laterally out of the ring, which are always wanting in Hemadic-
tyon. In the latter genus the peduncle of the raceme is always simple; in Prestonia it
is very shortly branched, each branch densely furnished with almost sessile flowers,
forming a capitate head, and the fruit is an elongated coriaceous 2-celled capsule. The
inflorescence and floral structure are well illustrated in Delessert’s *Icones” (v. tab. 51),
with one oversight, the 2-celled ovary being shown as 2 distinct ovaries. The following
is offered as a more correct diagnosis of the genus.

Prestoni, R. Br. : Hemadictyon (in parte) auct. Sepala 5, acute oblonga, imbricata, sequalia, aut minora
et coriacea vel majora et submembranacea, singula intus squamulis singulis latis apice denticulatis
munita, Corolla hypocrateriformis; tubus late cylindricus, calyce paullo longior, fauce subcon-
strictus et illic annulo calloso integro vel callis plurimis minutis in seriem simplicem disposi-
tis signatus, et sub faucem appendicibus 5 squamaceis cum segmentis alternis præditus; M
menta 5, acute inzequilatera aut dolabriformia, tubo subbreviora, dextrorsum —9 cl 5,
e pilis medio tubi orta; filamenta brevissima; anthere lineares, m = subcohærentes, apice
acuminatæ, imo incurvatim biaristatæ, apicibus interdum subexsertis. Discus cylindricus, margine

144 = ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

crenulatim paullo quinqui fido, ovarium obtegens. Ovarium ovatum, 2-loculare, loculis utrinque plurio-
vulatis; stylus filiformis ; clavuncula breviter oblonga, 5-glandulosa, imo indusio peltiformi munita;
stigmata 2, parva, obtusa, terminalia. Fructus capsularis, fusiformi-cylindricus, superne angustior,
apice breviter nodosus, utrinque sulcatus; pericarpium crasso-coriaceum, 2-loculare, per dissepi-
mentum bilamellare ad sulcos septicide dehiscens, marginibus ad axem sutura longitudinali intro-
flexis et placentiferis. Semina plurima, oblonga, compressa, superne suspensa, coma «equilonga
coronata; testa dorso corrugata, ventre planata et raphe longitudinali vasis spiralibus repleta
munita; embryo anatropus, in albumen tenue viride immersus; cotyledones 2, oblong, mem-
branacee; radicula his triplo brevior, tenuiter teres, supera.

Frutices Americe meridionalis scandentes, plerumque dense villosi, rarius glabri ; ramorum axille
dilatate, remotiuscule, linea transversa notate, et utroque latere pluristipellate ; folia oblonga vel
elliptica, opposita, integra, nervosa, tomentosa vel glabra, cum petiolis linea transversa nexis: cyma
unilateralis; pedunculus ex involucello stipellarum ortus, apice brevissime ramosus, ramis densifloris,
corymbam capitatam simulantibus ; flores subparvi, subpedicellati, bracteolati : fructus villosus, peri-
carpio crasse coriaceo.

l. PrestToNIa TOMENTOSA, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 69; A. DC. l. c. p. 429; Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi.
p. 163 (in parte). In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander).

This typical specimen, collected by Solander in 1768, has scandent branches, covered
with yellow tomentum, with axils 6 in. apart; the opposite oblong leaves, oval at the
base and there scarcely cordate, diminish gradually towards the summit, and are ter-
minated by a narrow very acute acumen, are fuscous green above, sparsely pilose, with
short rigid hairs seated upon minute scabrid glandules, are suleate along the immersed
nerves and transverse veins, clothed beneath with extremely dense, soft, woolly, yellow
tomentum which conceals the under surface, 41—51 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on thick,
woolly petioles 2 lines long ; inflorescence lateral, very tomentous, on a peduncle 3 lines
long, shortly divided, the branchlets bearing many flowers aggregated into a globular
head 1 in. in diameter; pedicels 2 lines long, villous, bracteoles linear, acute, villous,
2 lines long, 1 line broad; sepals acutely oblong, densely villous on both sides, 6 lines
long, 24 lines broad, each with an opposite, inner, externally villous, somewhat acute
scale 1j line long, 3-denticulate at the apex; tube of corolla pilose outside, 8 lines
long, appendages as in the generic character; the segments, glabrous within, are 5 lines
long; stamens included, shortly excurrent; filaments retrorsely hispid behind; anthers
subeoherent ; disk urceolate, with a margin of 5 broad emarginated teeth, enclosing a
pilose 2-celled ovary; capsule as in the generic character, of a greyish colour, retrorsely
pilose, 23 in. long, 9 lines broad, reduced above to 13 line, and terminated by a globular
knob 2 lines broad ; seeds oblong, fusiform, compressed, rugous on the dorsal face, with
a white longitudinal raphe on the ventral side, 5 lines long, 1 line broad, with an apical
coma of erect reddish hairs, in 2 series, 6 lines long.

It may be greatly doubted whether the specimens of Pohl from the province of Goyaz,
and of Claussen from Minas Geraés, as quoted by Müller, are identical with Solander's
plant. De Candolle, who refers to Claussen's specimen, was dubious on the subject,
though he had not seen the typical plant. Müller's description, without a knowledge of
the type, is sufficiently at variance with it, as its leaves are of a yellowish golden green,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 145

fulvo-tomentous above on the nerves and margins, of a different size, and on longer
petioles; the pedicels are longer, as are also the sepals, and as long as the tube of the
corolla; the calycine scales are bidentate: these are conditions sufficiently different
from the typical specimen.

A drawing of this plant, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, are shown in
Plate XX. B.

3. PnzsTONIA LATIFOLIA, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 250; A. DC. L c. p. 429; Deless. Icon. v. 22,
tab. 51; Müll. Z. c. p. 167. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Pirara (Schomb. 755). `

A climbing shrub, with branches 2 lines thick, covered with dense yellow woolly
tomentum, the axils 6 in. apart, being traversed between the petioles by an arching rib,
furnished with several small toothlike hairy stipules; leaves ovate, navicularly plicate,
recurved, and subcordate at the base, roundish at the summit, with a short, abrupt, often
recurved acumen, opake-green above, scabridulous, shortly and softly pubescent, hirsutu-
lous on the yellow slender nerves, beneath covered with dense yellowish tomentum, the
midrib, stoutish nerves, and transverse veins of a reddish hue, 31-5 in. long, 2-3 in.
broad, on thick pubescent petioles 2-21 lines long. The peduncle of the tomentous
corymb is stout, reflected, 1 in. long, issuing from one side of the node between the
stipules upon the transverse ridge, and bearing a capitate head of many flowers, 13 in.
in diameter; sometimes it happens that many of the flowers disappear, giving it the
appearance of a few-flowered raceme; the thick pedicels are 1 line long, supported by
tomentous acutely linear bracts 3 lines long; the sepals acutely oblong, are hairy on
both sides, 5 lines long, 2 lines broad, each with an inner broad pluridentate seale; the
tube of the corolla is cylindrical, stout, pilose, 7 lines long, with 5 semiexserted linear
appendages; segments inequilateral, oblong, acute on one angle, 4 lines long, 23 lines
broad, hairy outside; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube, with subcohering
anthers shortly exserted at the apex; disk urceolate, its margin split into 5 short crenate
lobes, somewhat longer than the ovary.

3. PrestoNIA 1POMEIFOLIA, A. DC. l. c. p. 429. In Cayenne: non vidi.

A species scarcely differing from the preceding; leaves ovate, rounded at the base,
abruptly cuspidate, pilose above, hispidly rufo-tomentous beneath, with more patent
nerves, 4—6 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; inflorescence capitate, rufo-
tomentous; sepals pilose on both sides, 5 lines long; tube of corolla 6 lines long; disk
urceolate, twice as long às the ovary, with crenulate lobes.

4. PnrsrONIA GLABRATA, H. B. K. iii. 222: Hemadictyon glabratum, A. DC. Prodr. vii. 427. Iu
America centrali, ad Guayaquil (Bonpland) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panama (Seemann 1062).
The above specimen, referred by Seemann in his Botany of the Herald p. 168, to the
Brazilian type P. tomentosa, R. Br., is certainly very different. He there — pendit
overlooked the plant in his collection which is here described as P. Seemannt. P. glabrata
is a climbing species, with pale brown glabrous branches, with axils about 5 in. apart ;

leaves obovate-oblong, broader below the middle, narrower towards the base, which is
U

146 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

rounded and shortly cordate, the summit suddenly constricted into a short acute acumen,
margins subrevolute, chartaceous, reddish green above, opake, suleate on the midrib
and on 10 pairs of ascending nerves, and on the transversely retieulated veins, ferru-
ginously opake beneath, with prominent red midrib nerves and veins, scabridulous to
the touch, 34—44 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on patent slender petioles 8-12 lines long;
raceme solitary and lateral, as long as the leaves, on a peduncle bare at its base, bearing
above several flowers on slender hirtellous pedicels 3 lines long; sepals lanceolate,
acuminate, erect, very membranaceous, glabrous, hirtellous at the base, 4 lines long,
3 line broad, each with a broad acute inner scale; tube of corolla cylindrical, broadening
a little upwards, 8 lines long, with a crenate annular ring in the mouth, and below it 5
linear membranaceous appendages partly exserted ; stamens seated a little above the
middle of the tube on hirtellous filaments; anthers acuminate, reaching the mouth, with
2 long slender divaricating prongs at their base; disk 5-lobed, about as long as the ovary.

5. PRESTONIA SEEMANNI, nob.: Prestonia tomentosa, Seem. (non R. Br.) in Bot. Her. p. 168. Panama,
in uliginosis : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex loc. citat. (Seemann).

A species distinct from P. tomentosa. Its leaves are oblong-ovate, rounded and sub-
cordate at the base, above the middle narrowing gradually and attenuated into a sharp
point, chartaceous, bright green above, pilose, with curving ascending prominulent
nerves, paler beneath, densely covered with yellow tomentum, 5-33 in. long, 12-24 in.
broad, on tomentous petioles 2 lines long; inflorescence lateral, covered with long
sericeous hairs, with many flowers congested into a globular head, upon a shortish
peduncle; pedicels hairy, 4 lines long; sepals 6 lines long, lanceolate-ovate, covered on
both sides with long soft hairs, each with a long 3-denticulate scale, pilose outside;
tube of corolla cylindrical, membranaceous, with parallel nerves, pilose outside, 6 lines
long; segments oblong, rigidly hirsute, especially at the apex, with very long, yellow,
rigid hairs; stamens exserted beyond the linear appendages of the throat; disk urceo-

late, submembranaceous, 13 line high, its short marginal lobes tridenticulate, twice
as long as the ovary.

6. PRESTONIA CALYCINA, Müll. Z. c. p. 162. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés (St.-Hilaire) : non vidi.

This handsome species must not be confounded with Hemadictyon calycinum, Benth.
Its branches are densely clothed with rigid retrorse ferruginous hairs, the older ones sub-
glabrous; leaves broadly ovate-elliptic, rounded and plicate at the base, shortly acumi-
nate, rigidly membranaceous, darkish brown above, sparsely puberulous, with villous
margins, below rigidly tomentous, 4-42 in. long, 24—34 in. broad, on petioles 14 line
long; axillary inflorescence capitate, on a peduncle 7 lines long, and covered with
ferruginous hairs; bracts acuminate, sparsely pilose, 94-104 lines long; sepals acumi-
nate, pilose, as long as the bracts, each with an internal oblong 2-3-denticulate scale;
corolla 13 in. long ; tube a little swollen at the base; segments ovate, somewhat shorter
than the tube, the linear appendages in the throat bilobed and papillous; stamens a
little exserted ; disk urceolate, cleft halfway down into 5 entire lobes.

A species said to be near Prestonia Surinamensis.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 147

` 7. PRESTONIA HIRSUTA, Müll. Z. c. p. 162, tab. 48. In Brasilia, prov. San Paulo: non vidi.

The branches are covered with reddish rigidly hirsute hairs glandular at their base;
leaves broadly ovate, rounded and slightly cordate at the base, acuminate, chartaceous,
fuscous-green above, sparsely pilose, covered beneath with erect sericeous hairs, 31-7 in.
long, 2-53 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; the axillary inflorescence hirsute, with
flowers congested into a head 23 in. in diameter, on a peduncle 6 lines long; pedicels
4 lines long; sepals acutely oblong, puberulous, 83 lines long; corolla 1} in. long; tube
with an annular ring and subexserted appendages in the mouth; segments: half the
length of the tube, obliquely oblong; anthers biaristate at the base, acuminate, upon
short filaments; disk urceolate, 5-grooved, with 5 short apical lobes; ovary half the
length of the disk.

8. PrESTONIA LUTESCENS, Müll. J. c. p. 164. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés (Claussen 1957) : non vidi.

A species with the tomentous covering and general appearance of P. tomentosa. Leaves
oblong, or lanceolate-ovate, pilose above, covered beneath with a dense yellow tomentum,
23-4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; peduncle 24-74 lines long;
sepals 5% lines long, pilose; corolla yellow, pilose, 1 in. long, its tube 6 lines long;
anthers and appendages somewhat exserted ; disk urceolate, 3 times as long as the
_ ovary, with 5 short terminal crenulate lobes; ovary pilose at the apex.

9. Prestonra Bamrensis, Müll. Z. c. p. 164. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia (Blanchet 24 bis et 3776):
non vidi.

A species resembling the preceding. Its branches are covered with ferruginous or
yellow retrorse hairs; leaves broadly elliptic, obtuse and subcordate at the base, shortly
acuminate or emarginate at the summit, above softly fulvo-hirsute, 24-43 in. long,
2-31 in. broad, almost sessile; inflorescence axillary, with capitate flowers as in the
typical species; disk urceolate, with 5 short crenulate lobes, as long as the ovary.

10. Presronta Lanata, Müll. 7. c. p. 164. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés (St.-Hilaire) : non vidi.

A species resembling P. tomentosa, but with larger, narrower leaves. Its branches are
‘covered with more patent yellowish tomentum; leaves oblong, or lanceolate-ovate,
narrowing towards the obtuse base, gradually acuminate to the apex, membranaceous,
fuseous above, covered with yellow hairs, beneath densely woolly with whitish silky
tomentum; inflorescence capitate, on a short peduncle, all densely fulvo-pilose ; sepals
elongated, acuminate; tube of corolla densely sericeous; appendages exserted; disk
urceolate, 5-lobed, a little longer than the ovary.

ll. Presronta SurIvamensis, Müll. in Linn. xxx. 433. In Surinam : zon vidi.
A species near P. ipomeifolia, with softer tomentum. Branches covered with short
reddish hairs; leaves broadly ovate, narrower and obtuse at the base, with a short
acumen, membranaceous, fuscous above, sparsely pilose, villous on the immersed nerves,
ferruginous hirsute on the margins, beneath covered with short fulvous tomentum,

6-10 in. long, 31-61 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; axillary inflorescence capitate,
: v2

148 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

on a peduncle 10 lines long, all ferruginously pilose; bracts acutely and broadly ovate,
5 lines long; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals broadly ovate, 5} lines long, hirsutulous on
both sides; corolla 10-12 lines long, sericeously villous outside; tube ¿ of that length;
appendages linear, lanceolate, obtuse, densely papillous, and with the stamens partly
exserted; disk urceolate, crenately 5-lobed on the margin, as long as the ovary.

12. Prestonta CEARENSIS, nob.: volubilis, ramis subtenuibus, luteo-pubescentibus : foliis oblongis, imo
rotundatis et subcordatis, superne sensim acute acuminatis, tenuiter chartaceis, marginibus revolutis
et subcrenulatis, supra pallide viridibus, subglabris, ad nervos immersos sulcatis et flavide puberulis,
subtus ferrugineo-puberulis, nervis venisque reticulatis densius flavide hirsutulis : inflorescentia
laterali capitata, pubescente ; pedunculo reflexo; floribus congestis, pedicellatis ; sepalis acute
oblongis, tubo corolle brevioribus, extus hirsutis, intus squama lata lineari extus hirsuta munitis.
In Brasilia, prov. Ceará: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Crato (Gardner sine numero).

Axils 5 in. apart; leaves 3-52 in. long, 1-21 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 2 lines
long; reflexed peduncle 6 lines long, bearing a capitate head of flowers 12 in. in diameter;
pedicels 4 lines long; sepals 5 lines long ; tube of corolla 7 lines long; segments 4 lines
long; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube on a pilose ring; cohering, acuminate ;
anthers and appendages semiexserted.

13. PrestonIA MOLLIS, H. B. K. iii. 221, tab. 242: Hemadictyon molle, A. DC. l. c. p. 497. In Peruvia,
prov. S. Juan de Bracamoras : v. s. in herb. meo Chachapoyas (Mathews).

Mathews's specimen agrees with Kunth’s drawing. It is a climbing plant, with very
slender tortuous subangular branches, with axils 31—4 in. apart, and having a transverse
ridge, with about 4 pectinated small stipules on each face; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse
or subtruncated at the base, and with a short suddenly acute acumen, pale green above,
subseabridulous, somewhat trinerved at the base, with other 5 pairs of fine divaricated
nerves, whieh are scabridly pilose, paler, yellowish, opake beneath, scabridly puberulous,
especially on the midrib and nerves, 2-3 in. long, 3-11 in. broad, on scabridulous petioles
3-6 lines long; corymb solitary and lateral at the nodes, 24 in. long, on a bare slender
peduncle rising out of the pectinated ring, 1 in. long, 2-3fid above, and bearing a con-
gested head of flowers on slender pedicels 4—6 lines long, each with an acute linear mem-
branaceous bract 4 lines long; sepals acutely oblong, very membranaceous, reticulated,
subimbricate, 6 lines long, 1} line broad, each with a small inner triangular scale; tube
of corolla a little swollen at the base, much contracted in the middle, of thin texture,
glabrous, 10 lines long, with an almost obsolete disjointed ring in the mouth, and below
it 5 spathulate-linear appendages semiexserted; segments falcately oblong, subacute,
8 lines long; stamens inserted in a pilose ring in the middle of the tube, on slender fila-
ments; anthers acuminate, with 2 long, sharp, subdivaricated prongs, the summits
partly exserted; disk of 5 small, rounded, fleshy lobes, half-connate at the base, as long
as the ovary.

Kunth was wrong in describing the lobes of the disk as distinct from the base, and

the ovary as divided: he was in error in figuring a thick ring in the mouth of the
corolla.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 149

14. PnEsTONIA LATA, nob. : scandens, ramulis teretibus, fistulosis, pallidis, striolatis, hirsutulis cum pilis
imo tuberculatis ; axillis remotis, ad lineam transversam stipulis plurimis subsetaceis munitis: foliis
ovalibus, imo rotundatis, vix cordatis, apice in acumen acutum subito constrictis, submembranaceis,
marginibus ciliatis vix revolutis, supra viridibus, subnitentibus, in costa sulcatis, nervis prominulis
venisque transversum reticulatis fusco-rufescentibus, et parcissime pilosis, subtus lete flavis, opacis,
glabris, sed costa nervis venisque rufo-tomentellis ; petiolis brevibus, rufo-puberulis : corymbo laterali,
quam folium 3plo breviore; pedunculo valido, dense pubescente, imo stipellis involucellato, apice
2-ramoso, ramulis congestim plurifloris; pedicellis calyce paullo longioribus, bracteola 1 breviore
suffultis; sepalis majusculis, oblongis, subito cuspidatis, membranaceis, viridulis, extus parce pilosis,
undulatis, intus squama lata tridenticulata munitis; corolla glabre tubo validiuscule cylindrico, fauce
annulo integro, et subtus appendicibus 5 lanceolatis apice exsertis instructo; segmentis rhomboideo-
ovatis, angulo sinistro acutis, tubo brevioribus; staminibus ex lineis 5 pilosis medio tubi inser-
tis; antheris acuminatis, imo biaristatis; disco urceolato, carnoso, apice breviter 5-lobo, ovario
longiore; stylo tenui; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, 5-glandulosa, imo membrana peltata in-
structa ; stigmate terminali, brevi, oblonge bilobo. In Brasilia: v. v. et s. in herb. meo Rio de Janeiro,
Monte Corcovado. á

A species with its fistulous branches 2 lines thick, having stipuliferous axils 8 in, apart ;
leaves 4-5 in. long, 23-34 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long; peduncle of corymb 9 lines
long, its branches 3 lines long; pedicels rather stout, 4-6 lines long; sepals 6 lines long,

3 lines broad; tube of corolla 7 lines long, 2 lines broad; segments 4 lines long, 3 lines

broad ; filaments 1 line long; anthers 24 lines long.

15. PRESTONIA MEGALAGRION, nob.: Hemadictyon megalagrion, Müll. I. c. p. 170: Echites megagros, Vell.
Fl. Flum. p. 110, Icon. iii. tab. 33. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, Campo Grande (Velloz) :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie and Cunningham).

A handsome species, agreeing in habit and inflorescence with Prestonia. Its scandent
branches are subtomentous, lactescent, with axils 5-6 in. apart, furnished with stipules ;
leaves opposite, patent or reflected, broadly ovate-oblong, roundish at the base, shortly
acuminate and mucronate at the apex, subplicate, crenulate, and ciliate on the
margins, fuscous green above, obsoletely pilose, sulcate along the arching divaricated
nerves, yellow hispidulous along the slender immersed midrib, beneath ferruginously
Opake, patently hispid on the midrib and prominent nerves, 63-73 in. long, 2343 in.
broad, on stout hispid petioles 3—4 lines long; corymb solitary and lateral at each node,
hispidly pilose, on a stout reflected peduncle 9 lines long, rising out of a stipuloid
involucel, shortly 3-4-branched at the apex, and bearing numerous flowers aggregated
in a head 2 in. in diameter; pedicels densely tomentous, recurved, 4 lines long, sup-
ported by linear hispid bracteoles 13 line long; sepals oblong, acuminate, pilose on both
sides, 7 lines long, 2 lines broad, each with an inner broadly ovate truncated scale denti-
culate at the apex; tube of corolla yellowish, pruinosely pubescent, 8 lines long, its
mouth with an annular ring, and beneath it 5 subulate subexserted appendages ; seg-
ments inequilaterally oblong, acute, 6 lines long; stamens as in the preceding species ;
disk urceolate, submembranaceous, with an emarginately 5-lobed margin, longer than the
included 2-lobed ovary.

150 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

APTOTHECA.

This genus is proposed for a plant from Cuba, described by Grisebach under the name
of Thyrsanthus corylifolia:—but which has an elongated 2-locular capsule, of the
shape and structure of that of Rhaptocarpus odoriferus, an axillary, sessile, short,
spicately capitate head of very small subsessile flowers ; 5 small sepals, each with a simple
acute internal scale; a corolla with a tube about the length of the calyx, with oblong
' segments somewhat longer, having a sinistrorse convolution, little imbricated in «estiva-
tion; 5 stamens upon slender filaments, seated at the base of the tube, and exserted
anthers slightly coherent; no disk; and a roundish 2-celled ovary.

ArroTHECA, nob.: Thyrsanthus, Griseb. in parte: Sepala 5, parva, obtuse oblonga, intus squamula
acuta singulatim donata. Corolle tubus cylindricus, calycem sub:zquans, fauce retrorsum pilosus,
membranaceus; segmenta 5, obtuse oblonga, rotata, sstivatione paullo imbricata et sinistrorsum
convoluta. Stamina 5; filamenta filiformia, tubum «equantia, ad ejus basin inserta; anthere
lineares, vix coherentes, apice membrana lata acuta munite, imo in furcas 2 parallelas obtusas
breves fisse. Discus nullus. Ovarium rotundatum, 2-loculare ; stylus tenuis; clavuncula conice
oblonga, imo 5-lobulata; sfigma breviter acute 2-lobum. Capsula elongata, utrinque sulcata,
2-locularis, dissepimento bilamellari septicide dehiscens, septis per medium longitudinaliter hiantibus,
marginibus introflexis et placentiferis; semina plurima, linearia, compressa, raphe longitudinali
prominente signata, glabra, apice coma longiore coronata.

APTOTHECA CORYLIFOLIA, nob.: Forsteronia corylifolia, Griseb. in Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 171 (1856): Thyr-
santhus corylifolius, Griseb. in Pl. Wr. Cub. part. ii. 519 (1862). In Cuba: v. s. in herb. Mus.
Brit. Guantanamo (Wright 1664, in flore et fructu).

A seandent plant, with slender, straight, glabrous branches, its axils being 13-2 in.
apart; leaves oval, rounded or subacute at the base, suddenly constricted at apex
into a short acumen, thinly chartaceous, bright green above, opake, obsoletely puberu-
lous, suleate and pilosulous along the midrib, with fine yellow nerves, paler beneath,
opake, costa, nerves, and veins prominent, pubescent, the axils of the nerves bearded with
a tuft of white hairs, 2-4] in. long, 12-2 in. broad, on slender pubescent petioles 2-3 lines
long. The inflorescence, 14 in. long, consists of numerous approximate small flowers,
agglomerated towards the summit, on pedicels 4 line long; sepals acutely ovate, pale,
sparsely puberulous on both sides, each with an acute inner scale à 3 line long; tube of
reddish corolla 1 line long, with a densely pilose ring in the throat; segments obliquely
oblong, pilose in the middle on both sides, rotate, 13 line long; stamens with slender
filaments as long as the tube, and fixed at its base, 1 line long; anthers the same length,
their summits subexserted; ovary globose, pilose at the apex, 3 line long. Capsule
8 in. long, 3$ lines broad, deeply 2-suleate; seeds many, 5 lines long, linear, flat, with
a linear prominent raphe; apical coma yellow, 7 lines long.

Grisebach considered this plant to be near Thyrsanthus spicatus.

A drawing of the plant, and an analysis of its fruit and seeds, are given in Plate XXI. B.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 151

RHAPTOCARPUS*,

This genus is proposed for some anomalous species of Echites, distinguished by their
bilocular elongated capsular fruit, like two follicles agglutinated together, as in Prestonia,
the seeds being crowned by a long coma. The floral characters are derived from the
examination of a plant of Weir’s collection, specifically identical with one figured by
Velloz in the * Flora Fluminensis ; but I have not seen the fruit.

Ruarrocarrvs, nob. : Sepala 5, acuta, submembranacea, imo in cupulam brevem crasse gibbosam con-
nata, singula squama lata, ad medium in lacinias 4 obtusas fissa intus donata. Corolla tubulosa ; tubus
sepalis 2plo longior, ventricosus, fauce constrictus, undique nudus; segmenta 5, oblique dolabri-
formia, pro tertia parte tubo longiora, æstivatione simpliciter dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5,
fauce inclusa; filamenta brevissima, glabra; anthere in conum conniventes, vix exserte, imo
breviter bilobze, apice acuminate. Discus 5-lobus, lobis carnosis obtusis, ovario subbrevior, Ovarium
oblongum, 2-loculare. Stylus tenuis, tubo corolle paullo brevior; clavuncula crasse oblonga, imo
annulata, 5-sulcata; stigma breviter bilobum. Capsula elongata, tereti-cylindrica, utrinque sulcata,
2-locularis, dissepimento bilamellari per sulcos 'septicide dehiscens, septis medio longitudinaliter
hiantibus, marginibus introflexis et placentaribus. Semina plurima, fusiformia, compressa, dorso
costata ; coma ampla, erecta, 2plo longior.

Frutices Brasilienses scandentes : folia opposita, ovata, breviter petiolata ; inflorescentia in quoque
nodo solitaria, lateralis; pedunculus bifissus, ramulis longiusculis, spicatim plurifloris.

. 1. RHAPTOCARPUS ODORIFEROUS, nob.: Echites odorifera, Vell. Fl. Flum. i. 109; Icon. iii. tab. 28;

A. DC. Prodr. viii. 468; Müll. /. c. p. 156. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Soc. Reg. Hort. et meo in
Jore, prov. S. Paulo (Weir 474).

The specimen above quoted agrees perfectly with the drawing of Velloz. It is a
scandent plant, with flexuose, fistulose, fuscous branches, sparsely covered with short
reddish hairs, with axils 3 in. apart; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded and subcordate at the
base, gradually narrower upwards, and mucronately acuminate, with retuse subrevolute
margins, subchartaceous, above fuscous, opake, granular and sparsely pilose, especially
on the immersed nerves, beneath ferruginous, opake, finely granulate, obsoletely pubes-
cent, with darker prominent subpilose nerves, 31—4 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on stout
petioles 14 line long; inflorescence lateral at the nodes, elongated, ferruginously velu-
tinous, on a peduncle 14 in. long; its 2 floriferous branches 21 in. long, each bearing
about 12 alternate pedicellate flowers; pedicels 6-7 lines long, with a slender linear
bract 13 line long; sepals narrow, acuminate, 2 lines long; tube of corolla —
red, 8 lines long, membranaceous, ventricose, contracted for 2 lines below the mouth y
segments red, whitish at the top, dolabriform, 4 lines long and broad ; anthers 3 lines
long, included; disk 2 lines long; capsule, according to Velloz, 11 in. long, 1 in. broad,
pendulous. :

À drawing of this plant, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, are shown in
Plate XXT. 4.

* From jdzrw (consuo), capris (fructus), because the elongated capsule resembles two confluent E

152 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

2. RHAPTOCARPUS DIDYMUS, nob.: Echites didyma, Vell. l. c. p. 109, Icon. iii. tab. 27; A. DC. l e
p. 468; Müll. Z. c. p. 155. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro (Velloz) : non vidi.

This species, from Velloz's drawing, agrees with the preceding in its bifurcate in-
florescence, and in its capsular fruit. Its flexuose branches have axils 5 in. apart;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, 7-73 in. long, 3-8} in. broad, on petioles
5 lines long; peduncle 2 in. long, its 2 branches 2 in. long, each bearing many approxi-
mate flowers towards the extremity; the pedicels, bracteolate at the base, are 4-5 lines
long; the acute sepals of the same length; tube of corolla pale yellow, ventricose in
the middle, 5 lines long; segments 5 lines long; anthers exserted; disk of 5 oblong

lobes; the compressed straight capsule is 10 in. long, bisulcate, and nearly ¿ in.
broad.

RHAPTOCARPUS COALITUS, nob.: Echites coalita, Vell. l. c. p. 112, Icon. iii. tab. 40; A. DC. lic:
p. 458; Müll. (in parte) l.c. p. 155 (excl. tab. 50. fig. 4). In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro (Velloz) :
non vidi.

A species closely allied to the two preceding. Its scandent branches have axils 3 in.
apart; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded or obtuse at the base, subacute above, 33-4 in. long,
13-2 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; raceme solitary and lateral in each node, 2 in. -
long, bearing many approximate flowers from near its base, on pedicels 4-5 lines long;
sepals acutely oblong, 4 lines long; tube of yellow corolla 4 lines long, ventricose above,
and again constricted in the mouth ; segments subregular, 3 lines long; anthers included;
capsule siliquiform, subtorulose, pendulous, 7 in. long, 3 lines broad, bisulcate; seeds
acutely.oblong, compressed, 5 lines long, with an apical coma 9 lines long.

Müller, without any knowledge beyond the description of Velloz, regarded this species
as identical with the Echites Vautherii A. DC.; but the latter differs essentially in its
much smaller, more lanceolate leaves, glanduliferous at the base of the midrib and at
the axils of the nerves, its more elongated racemes, and especially in its fruit.

4. Ruaprocarpus Marti, nob.: Echites Martii, l. c. p. 153. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia, ad Joazeivo:
non vidi. ;

A species with slender glabrous branches; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, sub-
membranaceous, fuscous, with 5-6 pairs of immersed nerves, veinless, 2-3 in. long,
5-8 lines broad, on petioles 1-14 line long; axillary or terminal raceme 4-12 in. long,
on a short peduncle subglobose at the base, bearing 12-18 closely approximate flowers,
on pubescent pedicels 43 lines long, supported by lanceolate bracts 2 lines long; sepals
narrow-oblong, subobtuse, erect, half the length of the tube of the corolla, each with an
internal, broad, 3-5-denticulate scale; corolla Y lines long, with a fuscous, cylindrical,
hirsutulous tube, pubescent within, the segments shorter than it; anthers glabrous;
disk 5-lobed.

Müller says this species is distinguished from his Zchites coalita (non Vell.) by its
longer calyx, half the length of the tube of the corolla, its erect (not recurved) sepals.
By E coalita he refers to Gardner's plant from Crato (my R. apiculata). From the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 153

latter it appears also to differ in its submembranaceous, shorter, narrower, lanceolate
leaves, acute at both ends, and by its shorter inflorescence.

5. RHAPTOCARPUS APICULATUS, nob. : Echites coalita, Müll. in parte (non Vell. nec DC.),7. c. p. 155. In
Brasilia, prov. Ceará : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Crato (Gardner 1754).

A species very distinct from Velloz's E. coalita, and from E. Vautherii, A. DC., which
Moller mingled together: he quotes Gardner's number 1755 instead of 1754, the former
being E. versicolor, Stadelm. It is a scandent plant, with pallid, rather slender, fistu-
lous, glabrous, striolate, tortuous branches, with axils 6 in. apart; leaves ovate,
rounded at both ends, but suddenly constricted at the apex into a short, acute, almost
mucronate point, subcoriaceous, with entire revolute margins, subfuscous above, finely
corrugulated, with immersed indistinct nerves, ferruginously opake below, glabrous, the
nerves scarcely prominulent, 334 in. long, 14-1? in. broad, on rather slender chan-
nelled petioles 5-6 lines long; raceme axillary, reflected, nearly 2 in. long, bearing from
the base many approximate flowers, which are almost umbellately close towards the
extremity ; the very slender pedicels are 4-5 lines long; calyx truncate and shortly
cupular at the base, cleft into 5 sepals; sepals submembranaceous, linear-oblong, obtuse
and recurved at the apex, 2 lines long; tube of corolla narrow, a little swollen near the
base, 5 lines long, its segments 3 lines long; disk of 5 fleshy oblong lobes, nearly as
long as the ovary; the capsule, in a very young half-matured state, is terete, flattened,
bisulcate, 14 in. long, supported by the calyx.

DIPLADENIA.

A genus established in 1844 by Prof. A. De Candolle. It consists of several species,
mostly low suffruticose plants, with simple erect stems, which are fistulous, and grow
out of tuberiform roots; they have few, but large, handsome campanular flowers. I
have separated from it many of the species, here described under Homaladenia and
Micradenia, which differ in many essential characters, and which also possess a 2-lobed
disk; but in Dipladenia these lobes are larger and broader, and the anthers are cordate
at the base, not expanded into two long basal prongs.

Besides the above exceptions, Carruthersia and Kopsia have a 2-lobed disk.

l. DirLADENIA rLLUsTRIs, A. DC. Prod. viii. 483; Müll. (in parte) Flor, Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 125 (excl.
icon. in tab. 38): Echites illustris, Vell. Flor. Flum. p. 114, Icon. iii. tab. 49. In Brasilia, prov.

São Paulo: v. s. in herb. meo Ità (Weir 118) ; in prov. São Paulo (Ackermann).
Velloz found this fine species in the mountains bordering on the provinces of Rio de
Janeiro and Süo Paulo. Velloz's figure well represents the plant. : The stem, rising out
of a large gongyloid root, is 8 in. high, pubescent, 24 lines thick, simple, erect, fistulous,
with glandless axils 14 in. apart, bearing 3 opposite pairs of leaves in the upper portion,
which are slightly divergent, ovate-oblong, subcordate at the base, shortly and suddenly

acuminate at the apex, submembranaceous, puberulous on both sides, more densely
x

154 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

beneath, with about 10 pairs of somewhat patent nerves conjoined near the margins,
with others shorter and intermediate, 23-3 in. long, 2-21 in. broad, on broad pubescent
petioles 1 line long; on the basal portion are 2 pairs of opposite folioles (well shown
by Velloz) which are 6-10 lines long, 24-3 lines broad. The raceme is terminal, 4-5 in.
long, erect, bearing 1 terminal and 4 opposite flowers about 1 in. apart, on pedicels
6 lines long, all pubescent; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 4 lines long, 1j line broad,
puberulous, each with 3 acuminate inner scales; corolla puberulous, pale red; tube
13 in. long, narrowly contracted at the base for 5 lines, funnel-shaped above; segments
roundly dolabriform, acute at one angle, 14 in. long, 1 in. broad; stamens seated on a
pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; filaments 4 line long; anthers 33 lines long,
obtusely emarginate at the base; disk of 2 rounded lobes, as broad and long as the
ovaries; 2 follicles, erect, terete, 5-6 in. long; seeds linear, 5 lines long, surmounted by
a coma 7 lines long. :

A drawing of this plant in flower and in fruit, with an analysis of its flower, and a
figure of the seed, are shown in Plate XXII.

2. DIPLADENIA VELUTINA, A. DC. /. c. p. 483: Dipladenia gentianoides, var. velutina, Müll. l. c. p. 124:
Echites velutina, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 72. In Brasilia, prov. São Paulo: v. s. in herb. meo,
prov. S. Paulo (Ackermann).

A species with much the habit of the preceding. It has an erect cano-hirsute, fistu-
lous stem, near a foot high, 13 line thick, bearing about 3 pairs of opposite leaves at the
simple axils which are 3—4 in. apart; leaves ovate, rounded at the base, mucronate at
the apex, chartaceous, with many parallel nerves, asin D. illustris, niveo-pubescent above,
cano-hirsute beneath, especially on the midrib and nerves, 2-23 in. long, 14-2 in. broad,
on a broad pilose petiole 14-2 lines long; raceme terminal, erect, lanately pubescent,
on a peduncle 1 in. long, bearing on its summit 3 flowers on pedicels 6 lines long; sepals
acuminate, pubescent, 4 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in. long, narrowly cylindrical
below for half of its length, funnel-shaped above; segments dolabriform, 6 lines long.

3. DiPLADENIA SANCTA, A. DC. l. c. p. 484; Müll. Z. c. p. 126: Echites sancta, Stadelm. l. c. p. 59. In
Brasilia, prov. Bahia, ad Monte Sancta: v. s. in herb. meo, prov. Bahia ad Serra de Piedade
(Ackermann).

Müller, who did not see the plant, states that its stem is 3-4 feet high, evidently a
mistake for as many inches ; for in two of my specimens it is only 3 in., and in the other
7 in. high, being erect, compressed, fistulous, 2 lines broad, retrorsely pilose above, more
glabrous below, with axils 2 in. apart; leaves opposite, suberect, broadly ovate, sub-
cordate at the base, roundish at the apex, and suddenly subacute, mucronulate, fuscous
greenish above, opake, with subrevolute margins, 10 pairs of divergent nerves arcuately
conjoined, with as many shorter and intermediate, a little paler and brownish beneath,
corrugulate, somewhat glabrous, with long patent white hairs along the midrib, 23-44
in. long, 12-21 in. broad, on stout hairy petioles 1 line long; raceme terminal, 2-3 in.
long, the peduncle, patently pubescent, bearing laxly about 6 alternate flowers on
stoutish pedicels 5 lines long; 2-3-bracteolate at the base; sepals linear, very acumi-
nate, 4-5 lines long, reddish, membranaceous, each with 3 small acute basal scales;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 155

corolla whitish red below, red above, elabrous; tube 11 lines lone g, narrowly cylindrical
for half its length, funnel-shaped in the upper portion, pubescent within the mouth;
segments dolabriform, 10 lines long; stamens seated on a pilose ring at the constriction
of the tube; filaments capillary, barbate at the summit, 3 lines long; anthers linear
acute, obtusely 2-lobed at the base; disk of 2 lobes, as broad and long as the 2 ovaries;
style slender, retrorsely barbate; 2 follicles erect, terete, scarcely torulose, glabrous,
4-47 in. long, 1} line broad; seeds sigmoid, scabrid, 21 lines long, surmounted by a
yellow coma of equal length.

4. DipLaDENtA scaBRa, Müll. /. c. p. 128: Dipladenia illustris, var. glabra, Müll. 1. c. p. 125, tab. 38.
In Brasilia austr.: v. s. in herb. meo, Tucundiva, prov. Sáo Paulo (Weir 369).

An erect species, with a straight, subglabrous, fistulous stem, scarcely more than
1 line thick, with axils about 4 in. apart; leaves subimbricate, suberect, obovate-oblong,
slightly cordate at the base, roundish at the apex, with a mucronate acumen, sub-
chartaceous, with a slightly revolute margin, opake green above, minutely scabrid,
midrib prominent, with 10-12 pairs of divergent arcuately conjoined nerves, and others
shorter intermediate, concolorous beneath, and nearly glabrous, 2-2} in. long, 1-1] in.
broad, on petioles 1 line long; raceme terminal, 5 in. long, on a subglabrous peduncle,
bare at the base for 2 in., bearing upwards of 6-8 alternate flowers on stoutish pedicels
6 lines long, supported by 1 or 2 linear-lanceolate bracts 4-5 lines long; sepals linear-
Relate; membranaceous, 6 lines long, each with 3-4 minute acute inner scales; tube
of corolla 9 lines long, narrowly cylindrical at the base for half its length, funnel-shaped
above, glabrous outside, pubescent within; segments oblong, acute, inequilateral, 9 lines
long and broad ; stamens seated on a niveous pilose ring in the contraction of the tube,
3 lines long; filaments short, pilose; anthers linear acute, obtusely bilobed at the base;
the two lobes of the disk large, as long and as broad as the two ovaries.

My specimen agrees exactly with the description and drawing of Miller, except in its
leaves being a trifle broader; it certainly offers no resemblance to D. illustris; it
is represented by Müller as growing out of a napiform tuber 5 in. long and 1j in.
thick.

5. DIPLADENIA GARDNERIANA, A. DC. Le, p. 483: Dipladenia illustris, var. pubescens, Müll. l. c. p. 125.
In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo, prov. Goyaz (Gardn. 3311).

This species offers little resemblance to D. illustris. It has an erect, AE fistu-
lose, glabrous stem, apparently 8 in. high, with axils 2 in. apart; leaves few, opposite,
oblong, roundish and subcordate at the base, gradually acute towards the apex, thinly
chartaceous, shortly hirtulous on both sides, concolorous, with a prominent sulcate mid-
rib and many divergent immersed nerves, 4-5 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, on petioles 1
line long; raceme terminal, 7 in. long; peduncle bare at the base for 3j in., bearing
upwards about 4 alternate flowers, on bracteated pedicels 6 lines long; sepals subulate,

acuminate, 5 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in. long, narrowly cylindrical for half its length,
x 2

156 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

glabrous, funnel-shaped above; segments broadly dolabriform, acutely uncinate, 13 in.
long, 1 inch broad; stamens inserted on a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube;
disk of two rounded subtruncate lobes, half as long as the two ovaries.

6. DipLaDENTIA ALEXICACA, A. DC. J. c. p. 484: Dipladenia illustris, var. glabra, Müll. L. c. p. 126:
Echites alexicaca, Stadelm. l. c. p. 68. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia (Blanch. 3382) : non vidi.

A species with a napiform, tuberous root, throwing out several erect, simple stems;
leaves obovate-orbiculate, rounded at the base, very shortly acute, 2-21 in. long, nearly
of the same breadth, on petioles 13 line long; raceme terminal, few-flowered, on bracte-
ated pedicels 6-10 lines long ; corolla 13 in. long, rose-coloured.

7. DIPLADENIA ANDROSAMIFOLIA, A. DC. Z. c. p. 484: Dipladenia illustris, var. glabra, Müll. L. c. p. 126.
In Brasilia, prov. Bahia ad Igreja Velha (Blanch. 3582 in parte) : non vidi.

An erect, compressed stem, 12 in. high; leaves broadly elliptic, obtuse and cordate
at the base, cuspidate at the apex, pale green above, glabrous, with many approximate
parallel nerves, 14 in. long, 1-11 in. broad, on petioles 1 line long; raceme terminal, on
a peduncle bearing 5-6 rose-coloured flowers, on pedicels 6 lines long, supported by
lanceolate bracts 2 lines long; sepals lanceolate acuminate, 4 lines long, each with 2
inner bidentate scales ; tube of corolla 1 in. long, contracted for half its length in a
cylindrical form ; disk of 2 broadly rounded lobes, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

8. DIPLADENIA VENULOSA, Müll. l. c. p. 126. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: non vidi.

A species near D. sancta : stem 22 lines thick, somewhat thickened at the approximate
axils; opposite leaves ovate, cordate, subobtuse at the apex, chartaceous, very glabrous,
with 12-15 pairs of parallel nerves, veins reticulated, 22-41 in. long, 14-22 in. broad,
on petioles 1 line long; raceme lateral, as long as the leaves, with 3-5 large flowers, on
pedicels nearly 1 in. long, with bracts 3 lines long; sepals linear-lanceolate, 4-52 lines
long, with several simple inner scales more or less combined at the base; tube of corolla
1⁄4 in. long, contracted in a narrow cylinder for 10 lines; segments broadly dolabriform,
12 lines long, 9 lines broad.

9. DIPLADENIA ROSA CAMPESTRIS, Lemaire in Van Houtte, Flor. des Serr. iii. 256; Walp. Ann. i. 504:
Dipladenia illustris, var. pubescens, Müll. l. c. p. 125: Echites rosa campestris, Hügel, Parad.
Vindob. fasc. 5, eum icon. In Amer. trop.: patria ignota (forsan Brasilia).

Root tuberous, woody, with erect, simple stems, which (with the leaves) are velvety
pubescent, and 18 in. high ; leaves oval, with a short, recurved, mucronate point at the
apex, midrib thickish, with numerous approximately parallel nerves; large, handsome
flowers, of a pale rose colour; tube campanulate above, yellow within and in the mouth
stellately striped, 1} in. long, narrowly cylindrical at its base for one third of its length, .
subcampanular above, glabrous ; segments oblique, dolabriform, shortly uncinate, patent,
undulate.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

157

ANGUSTIFOLIA : a group with narrow elliptic leaves, none of which are known to me.

10. DIPLADENTA SPIGELIAZFLORA, Müll. Z. c. p. 122, tab. 37: Echites spigelieflora, Stadelm. l. c. p. 58:
Dipladenia pulchella, A. DC. l. c. p. 485: Echites pulchella, Gardner in Hook. Icon. tab. 470. In

135

12.

13.

14,

prov. Goyaz: non vidi.

DIPLADENIA LINEARIS, Müll. l. c. p. 123. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: non vidi.

DIPLADENIA GENTIANOIDES, A. DC. J. c. p. 484; Müll. 7. c. p. 124, tab. 37. In Brasilia, prov. São

Paulo: non vidi.

DIPLADENIA LONGILOBA, A. DC. Le p. 485: Dipladenia spigelieflora, var. longiloba, Müll. l. e.

p. 122. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: non vidi.

DIPLADENIA SAPONARIA, A. DC. 7. c. p. 485: Dipladenia xanthostoma, Müll. l. c. p. 123.

prov. Sáo Paulo: non vidi.

Species excluse.
D. xanthostoma, Müll. Flor. Bras. xxvi. p. 123
D. flava, Hook. ; Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 445 . .
. nobilis, Lem. ; Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 130 .
. coccinea, Müll. l. c. p. 132 É
Harrisoni, Hook. ; Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 446
. crassinoda, Müll. Fl. Br. xxvi. p. 132
. erassinoda, Lindley; A. DC. l. c. p. 486.
. atroviolacea, A. DO. l. c. p. 484.
. Sellowii, Müll. l. c. p. 128.
Martiana, Müll. l. c. p. 127 .
acuminata, Hook. ; Müll. l. c. p. 129 .
splendens, A. DC. l. c. p. 676; Müll. Z. c. p. 130
. urophylla, Hook., Müll. 7. c. p. 131. :
D. Riedelii, Müll. l. c. p. 131.
D. Moricandiana, Müll. l. c. p. 129.
D. fragrans, A. DC. I. c. p. 483; Müll. /. c. p. 130.
D. tenuifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 482 .
D. tenuifolia, var. puberula, A. DC. l.c. p. 482 .
D. linariefolia, A. DC. l.c. p. 482 .
D. pastorum, A. DC. I. c. p. 482 .
D. peduncularis, A. DC. l. c. p. 482.
D. polymorpha, var. brevifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 122

Gbabbbbbbbbbb

D. polymorpha, var. peduncularis, Müll. (ep 122.

D. Fendleri, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 417 .

In Brasilia,

. = Temnadinia xanthostoma.

Chariomma flava.
Chariomma nobilis.
Rhodocalyx coccineus.
Odontadenia Harrisii.
Micradenia crassinoda.
Micradenia nodulosa.
Micradenia atroviolacea.
Micradenia Sellowii.
Micradenia Martiana.
Micradenia acuminata.
Micradenia splendens.
Micradenia urophylla.
Micradenia Riedel. `
Micradenia Moricandiana.
Micradenia fragrans.
Homaladenia tenuifolia.
Homaladenia puberula.
Homaladenia tenuifolia.
Homaladenia pastorum.
Homaladenia peduncularis.
Homaladenia brevifolia.
Homaladenia vinceflora.
Prestoniopsis Fendleri.

158 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

MICRADENIA.

A series of plants, first placed in a group distinct from Dipladenia by Prof. DeCandolle
in 1844. These are distinguished from the former by their habit, especially in the incras-
sated axils of the branches, furnished with a whorl of warty glands between the petioles,
in the pedicels of the flowers spirally twisted, in the anthers with long, obtuse, parallel,
basal prongs, in the much shorter disk, seldom attaining more than a quarter of the length
of the ovaries, in the incrassated placenta of the follicles, from which are suspended many
flat imbricate seeds having a nearly obsolete coma of short scale-like hairs. It forms
a very good genus, well-marked by constant and uniformly peculiar characters.

Micrapenta, A. DC.: Sepala 5, subparva, valde acuminata, quincuncialiter imbricata, intus ad basin
squamulis 2 bidentatis munita, persistentia. Corolla majuscula; tubus glaber, pro 1 parte crassior
angustissime cylindricus, dein ampliatus, cylindrice campanulatus, ssepius submembranaceus; seg-
menta 5, rhomboideo-dolabriformia, latere mucronata, tubo seepius 3plo breviora. Stamina ad con-
tractionem tubi in annulo piloso inserta ; filamenta subbrevia, niveo-pilosa; anthere lineari-oblonge,
acute, basi in furcas 2 obtusulas parallele lineares fisse. Discus e lobis 2 oppositis, brevissime
latis, rotundatis, quam ovaria seepius 4plo brevioribus. Ovaria 2, acute oblonga, lobis disci alterna;
stylus tenuis, imo fissus, cruribus cum ovario articulatis ; clavuncula incrassata, 5-sulcata, imo mem-
brana peltata indusiata, ad antheras cohærens ; stigmata 2, minima, acuta, terminalia. Folliculi 2,
erecti, curvati, teretes, sutura ventrali dehiscentes, marginibus introflexis in placentam eylindricam
coalitis ; semina plurima, parva, compressissima, obspathulata, raphe tenui sequilonga summo sus-
pensa; comu brevissima, e pilis paucis brevissimis, subpaleaceis.

Suffrutices Brasilienses, ramosissimi ; rami subsarmentosi, sepe fleauosi; axille sepe approximate,
valde incrassate, glandulis plurimis carnosis verticillatim munite ; folia opposita, elliptico-oblonga,
sepius longiuscule petiolata; racemi axillares vel terminales, pauciflori ; flores speciosi, albi, rosei vel
atro-purpurei; pedicelli spiraliter torti.

l. Micrapenra CRASSINODA, A. DC. L c. p. 486: Echites crassinoda, Gardn. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 544:
Dipladenia crassinoda, Müll. (non Lindl.) J. c. p. 132. — In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. in
summo Monte Corcovado: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (3137); in hb. Mus. Brit.; v. s. ex eodem loco
(Gardner, 250).

I collected this plant in 1836, in company with Gardner. It is of low growth, with
many straggling, sarmentose, stout branches, subfistulose, covered irregularly with a
lax epidermis, somewhat corrugately striate, very incrassate in the approximate axils,
which are only 3-6 lines apart, 3-4 lines broad, bearing on each side, between the
petioles, 4-6 subulate warty excrescences, often pectinately combined together; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous, subcoriaceous, green above, with semi-
immersed divergent nerves, beneath ferruginously opake, with immersed nerves, 24-33
in. long, 5-12 lines broad, on slender channelled petioles 2 lines long; axillary racemes
133 in. long, with a bracteolated peduncle 9 lines long, bearing about 5 alternate white
flowers, on spirally twisted pedicels 6-9 lines long, obsoletely bracteolated at the base;

_sepals lanceolate, sharply acute, with pellucid margins, having within 2 bifurcate basal
scales ; tube of corolla 2 in. long, narrowly cylindrical at the base for a length of 4 lines,
funnel-shaped above, with subtruncate, dolabriform segments 10 lines long, 9 lines broad ;
stamens 4 lines long, inserted at the contracted portion of the tube, on a densely pilose

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZR, 159

ring; anthers purplish, coherent, with 2 parallel, obtuse, basal spurs ; follicles 2, erect,
incurved, slender, terete, 21-3 in. long, li'line thick; immature seeds 1i line long,
very compressed, obspathulate, fixed round a thickish placenta, with a deciduous coma
of few silky hairs the length of the testa.

A drawing of this species, in flower and fruit, with the analysis of its flower and a
figure of its seed, are given in Plate XXIII.

2. MICRADENIA ATROVIOLACEA, nob. : Echites atroviolacea, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p.75; Gardn. Lond.
Journ. Bot. i. 544: Dipladenia atroviolacea, A. DC. L c. viii. 484; Müll. Flor. Bras. xxvi. p. 127.
In Brasilia prov. Rio de Janeiro, in montibus circa Tejuca, ad Pedra Bonita: v. v. et sicc. in herb.
meo (3136) ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Gardner 249, ex eodem loco).

I found this plant on one of the spurs of the Tejuca range, in company with Gardner,
in 1836. It is a low, bushy plant, growing on rocky ground, with many, rather slender
subsarmentous branches, having approximate axils 4—6 lines apart, charged between
the petioles with several small warty excrescences, as in the former species; the leaves
are lanceolate-oblong, subacute at the base, gradually or suddenly constricted near the
apex into a narrow acumen, subcoriaceous, pale green above, with a prominent fine midrib
and scarcely visible nerves, paler opake beneath, with a reddish prominulent midrib and
immersed nerves, 11-2 in. long, 6 lines broad, on slender channelled petioles 3-5 lines long,
the leaves being erect and much imbricated near the ends of the branchlets; racemes
axillary, pedunculate, bearing about 4 alternate flowers, on slender, spirally twisted
pedicels 6-8 lines long; sepals acuminately subulate, with membranaceous margins,
21 lines long; tube of corolla 18 lines long, narrowed and scarlet at the base for a
length of 8 lines, above that suddenly bell-shaped cylindrically, where it is white,
with reddish irregular stripes; segments rhomboid-oblong, of a dark, dull red-brown
colour, 8 lines long, 6 lines broad, expanding above the mouth ; stamens nearly sessile
at the contraction of the tube; anthers purple, cohering, each with 2 obtuse, parallel,
basal spurs.

Var. ovata, nob.: Echites atropurpurea, Lindley, in Paxton Mag. Bot. (1842); Bot.
Reg. vol. xxix. (1843), tab. 27; A. DO. Z. c. p. 486. It differs in its more ovate leaves,
14-14 in. long, 9-11 lines broad, on slender petioles 5-6 lines long; its flowers are
exactly as those above described; so that the different colouring given by Lindley must
be due to hot-house cultivation.

I found this on the same spot and also at Pavuna, near Iguassu, in the same province.

3. Micrapenta NopvLOsa, nob. : Dipladenia crassinoda, Lindley (non Gardner), Bot. Reg. xxx. tab. 64:
Dipladenia Martiana, var. glabra, Müll. l. c. p. 128. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prov.
Minas Geraés, ad Pico de Itabira (Sellow) : non vidi.

A climbing plant, with very flexuose, hairy, dichotomous branches, having axils 2-4, in.
apart, which are much incrassate and charged on each face between the petioles with
about 6 subulate, reflexed, warty glands ; leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, with a
short acute acumen, thinly chartaceous, slightly revolute on the margin, olive-green
above, opake, obsoletely puberulous, shortly hispid on the deeply sulcate midrib, with
about 14 pairs of patent arcuately conjoined nerves, with others shorter and inter-

160 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

mediate, ferruginously opake beneath, obsoletely puberulous, midrib and nerves promi-
nulent, 21-3 in. long, 12-12 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles 4-5 lines long;
raceme axillary, glabrous, on a peduncle 3 in. long, bearing many alternate flowers 2-3
lines apart on spirally twisted pedicels 8 lines long; sepals acute, 2 lines long ; dark-
red tube of corolla 12 lines long, narrowly cylindrical at the base for 4 lines, funnel-shaped
above, yellowish in the throat ; segments rose-coloured, rhomboid, and broadly dolabriform,
9 lines long and broad ; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the contraction of the tube,
on short barbate filaments ; anthers acute, with 2 parallel, aristiform, basal prongs ; disk
of two flat, rounded lobes + the length of the 2 subulate ovaries. No details are given
by Lindley. \

4. M1CRADENIA RIEDELIHI, nob.: Dipladenia Riedelii, Müll. L. c. p. 131. In prov. Rio de Janeiro, Cabo
Frio (Riedel): v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (4021) prope Magé et Macahé ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit,
Magé (Gardn. 537).

The above plant, collected by me in 1836, corresponds with the description given
by Müller of the Cape-Frio plant, from nearly the same locality. It is a rather low
shrub, with glabrous, pallid, striate, often flexuous branches, with more or less approxi-
mate axils 3-2 in. apart, much incrassate and charged with several acute warty glands
between the petioles; leaves broadly ovate or oblong, subacute and plicate at the base,
roundish and suddenly contracted at the summit into an acute acumen 2 lines long,
chartaceous, with thin, subrevolute margins, fuscous green and very opake above, with

. semi-immersed fine nerves, opake and reddish ferruginous beneath, the nerves being
scarcely prominulent, 12—3 in. long, 1-1$ in. broad, on slender petioles 6-9 lines long;
racemes 2, terminal, on bare peduncles 4-1 in. long, bearing upwards about 7 alternate
flowers, on spirally twisted pedicels, 3 lines apart and 24-4 lines long, with a small, acute,
deciduous bract; sepals acuminate, 2 lines long, with pellucid margins; tube of corolla

14 in. long, narrowly contracted and scarlet at the base for a length of 5 lines, broadly

funnel-shaped and paler above, with membranaceous segments, rhomboidally dolabriform,

mucronate, 6-7 lines long, and of a rose colour; stamens inserted in the constriction

of the tube; filaments niveo-tomentose; anthers cohering, of a reddish colour, with 2

basal, obtuse, parallel prongs ; disk of 2 very short rounded lobes, one sixth the length of

the 2 conical, oblong ovaries.

5. MICRADENIA HIRSUTULA, nob. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo (Claussen, sine loco).

An erect species, apparently of low stature, the specimen being 8 in. high, the basal
portion being divided into 2 branches, one of which is broken off ; it is clothed with
whitish retrose or patent hairs; the upper axils 14 in. apart, with warty excrescences 4
line long; the leaves are subovate, gradually rounded or subcordate at the base, roundish
below the summit and constricted into a broadish acute point, rigidly chartaceous, sparsely
and rigidly pilose above, with approximate, parallel, fine, immersed nerves, subferrugi-
nously opake below, sparsely pubescent, hirsutulous on the prominent midrib, 12-14 in.
long, 7-10 lines broad, on pubescent broad petioles 11-2 lines long ; the terminal raceme
has a straight, stoutish, pubescent peduncle 24 in. long, bearing 3—4 distant, alternate
flowers, on pilose pedicels 6 lines long, supported by an acute bract 2 lines long; sepals

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 161

acutely lanceolate, submembranaceous, reddish, glabrous, 5 lines long, curving at the

apex; tube of corolla 14 in. long, very narrow, and scarlet for the length of 8 lines, then

swelling into a cylindrical bell-shape, whitish, with red stripes, subplicate ; segments of

a deep-red chocolate-colour, oblong, with nearly parallel sides, obliquely truncate at the

summit, 7 lines long, 34 lines broad; stamens seated in the constriction of the tube,

springing out of a dense cottony ring; anthers yellow, with 2 basal, obtuse, parallel prongs.
It is a species widely differing from all others.

6. Micrapenta Settowu, nob.: Dipladenia Sellowii, Müll. l. c. p. 128. In Brasilia: prov. Minas
Geraés (Riedel 1448), Itacolumi (Riedel 2768) : non vidi.

A slender species, with small narrow leaves like those of M. atroviolacea: the branches
are long, slender, and flexuous, with glands in the axils between the petioles; the leaves
are oblong-elliptic, obtusely acute at both ends, subcoriaceous, with revolute margins, of
a dark reddish green, 13-2} in. long, 7-93 lines broad ; raceme subterminal, longer than
the leaves, bearing 3-6 large flowers like those of M. Martiana ; tube of corolla purple,
with rosy-red segments.

7. MICRADENIA UROPHYLLA, nob. : Dipladenia urophylla, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4414; Müll. 7. c. p. 131.
In Brasilia: v. v. in montib. Organ. ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex eodem loco (Gardner 5817).

A climbing species, collected by me in 1828 at an elevation of 3500 feet ; Gardner found
itin the same locality in 1841. "The cultivated plant was received in 1848 from Mr.
Veitch’s collector, probably from the same locality. Its flexuous branches are pale brown,
subangular, striate, fistulous, glabrous, 13 line thick; the axils subdilated, 14-2% in.
apart, are charged at the nodes on each face with about 6 subulate fleshy glands 1-2 lines
long; the opposite leaves are oblong (in Gardner's specimen more ovate), rounded and
plieate at the base, suddenly constricted at the apex into an obtuse narrow, caudate
aeumen, submembranaceous, fuscous green above, opake, sulcate along the midrib and
about 10 pairs of diverging nerves and transverse veins, pallid brown beneath, with pro-
minulent nerves, 33-41 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on slender striolate petioles 6-9 lines
long; racemes solitary and lateral at the nodes, 4 in. long, on a slender, patent or re-
curving peduncle 14 in. long, bearing above about 4 alternate flowers on slender spirally
twisted pedicels 9 lines long, each with a linear bracteole 2 lines long ; sepals lanceolate,
1} line long ; tube of corolla 12 in. long, contracted below into a narrow cylindrical form
4 lines long, upwards funnel-shaped, and 6 lines broad in the mouth, of a salmon-red
colour; segments oblong-acute, somewhat equilateral, reflexed at the apex, 6 lines long,

3 lines broad; disk of 2 lobes one third the length of the 2 ovaries.

8. Micrapenta Martana, A. DC. l. c. p. 485 : Echites Martiana, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 31:
Dipladenia Martiana, Müll. l. c. p. 127 (excl. syn.). In prov. Bahia : non vidi.

A scandent plant, with flexuous glabrous branches (younger ones hirsutulous), much

incrassate at the approximate thickened axils, which present between the petioles 4

oblong, subcordate, cuspidate, red, reflexed, warty glands, 1-2} lines long ; leaves obovate-
Y

162 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE X.

oblong, subcordate, cuspidate, coriaceous, with revolute margins, rough above, velvety
beneath, with oblique nerves and transverse veins, 14-84 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on
petioles 1-2 lines long; racemes terminal or axillary, glabrous, as long as the leaves,
bearing 3-5 purplish red flowers 2 in. long, on pedicels 12 lines long; sepals subulate,
glabrous, 6 lines long, having 2 internal, basal, bifid scales; tube of corolla 13 in. long,
much narrowed at the base as far as the middle, thence funnel-shaped ; segments rhom-
boidally orbicular, crispate along the edge; 2 follicles 34 in. long.

9. Micrapenta Moricanpiana, A. DC. l. c.p. 486: Dipladenia Moricandiana, Müll. l. c. p. 129. In
Brasilia, prov. Bahia : non vidi.

A species distinguished by its smaller leaves on short petioles, and smaller flowers;
subscandent, slender branches, puberulous above with short retrorse hairs; approxi-
mate axils much incrassate, and charged on each face between the petioles with
4 warty ovate glands 13 line long; leaves obovate, obtuse at the base, mucronate,
coriaceous, fuscous, glabrous, nerved but veinless, 1-13 in. long, 6-9 lines broad, on pu-
berulous petioles 2 lines long; racemes axillary, glabrous, longer than the leaves, bearing
2 or 3 yellow flowers on thick, rigid, spirally twisted pedicels 6 lines long; sepals subu-
lately ovate, 13 line long, each with 2 inner basal bifid scales; tube of corolla 1 in. long,
contracted at the base below the middle, swelling in a funnel-shape above ; segments
obscurely ovate, dolabriform, with undulated margins; stamens inserted in the contraction
of the tube; disk of 2 rounded lobes much shorter than the 2 ovaries.

10. MICRADENIA FRAGRANS, nob. : Echites fragrans, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 71: Dipladenia fragrans,
A. DC. I. c. p. 483: Müll. Z. c. p. 130, tab. 39. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia: non vidi.

A. species near the preceding, but with more rigid and straighter branches, and larger
flowers. Its branches are glabrous, terete, much incrassate at the axils, which are 2-2)
in. apart, and charged on each side, between the petioles, with about 8 large, subulate,
warty glands soon caducous ; leaves elliptic or obovate, rounded or obtuse at the base,
suddenly acuminate at the summit, chartaceous, smooth, reddish green, 23-84 in. long,
13-2 in. broad, on slender petioles 9-10 lines long; racemes terminal or axillary, on a
peduncle 1 in. long, bearing upwards about 7 white flowers on alternate pedicels 12-15
lines long; sepals ovate-acuminate, 2 lines long, with 2 inner basal bifid scales ; tube of
corolla 18 lines long, narrowed at the base for one third of its length, thence swelling ina
campanular form toa breadth of 8 lines in the mouth ; segments rhomboidally ovate, dola-
briform, mucronate, 18 lines long, 12 lines broad; stamens seated in the contraction of
the tube, with purplish anthers, having at their base 2 parallel obtuse prongs as long as
the filaments; disk of 2 rounded lobes 4 the length of the 2 ovate ovaries ; follicles 94 in.
long, 13 line thick. Müller mentions a variety from the province of Minas, with ternate
leaves, which may be regarded as a distinct, undescribed species.

11. MICRADENIA ACUMINATA, nob: Dipladenia acuminata, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4828: Müll, /. c. p. 129
In Brasilia, montib. Organ.; in caldario culta: non vidi.

This splendid species is only known from a plant received from the Organ Mountains,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 163

and raised by Veitch. From its large flowers and long sepals, it approaches Dipladenia ;
but its climbing habit, the presence of subulate warty glands at the axillary nodes, the
twisted pedicels, the small size of the lobes of the disk, all prove that it really belongs
to Micradenia. It is described as a climbing shrub, everywhere glabrous, with axils
13 in. apart, charged at the incrassate nodes on each face with 2 laciniate, subu-
late, diverging glands 2-3 lines long; leaves opposite, elliptic-ovate, cordate at the base,
shortly acuminate, submembranaceous, with divergent nerves and reticulated veins, 31—
4 in. long, 14-1} in. broad, on stoutish petioles 6 lines long; raceme terminal, pendent,
6 in. long, bearing 8 alternate flowers, on bracteolate, spirally twisted pedicels 1 in. long;
sepals lanceolate, subulate, erecto-patent, 9 lines long, each with an inner lanceolate
scale; corolla large, its border spreading to a diameter of 4 in.; tube 24 in. long,
whitish, narrowed cylindrically at the base for half its length, funnel-shaped above,
streaked deep red in the mouth ; segments rhomboidally dolabriform, with a long uncinate
acumen, of a deep rose-colour, dextrorsely convolute, expanded, 2 in. long, 14 in. broad;
stamens seated at the constriction of the tube, cohering, glabrous; disk of two fleshy,
flat, rounded lobes, less than half the length of the 2 oblong ovaries; style slender, cla-
vuncle incrassate, 5-grooved, agglutinated to the anthers.

12. MicraDENIA SPLENDENS, A. DC. J. c. p. 676; Müll. /. c. p. 130: Echites splendens, Hook. Bot.
Mag. tab. 3976. In Brasilia, montib. Organ. et in caldario cult. : non vidi.

A climbing species near M. acuminata, but with larger leaves; probably it is only a
variety of it. It has terete, glabrous branches, with incrassate axils 33 in. apart ; leaves
elliptic, cordate at the base, acuminate, subcoriaceous, undulating on the margins,
glabrous above, with very numerous, divergent, parallel, immersed nerves, very pubescent
beneath, nerves prominent, 4-8 in long, 14-3 in. broad, on extremely short petioles ;
racemes axillary, on a peduncle shorter than the leaves, bearing 4-6 large showy
flowers on pedicels bracteate at the base, 6-12 lines long; sepals subulate, acuminate,
reflexed at the summit, 6 lines long; tube of corolla white, glabrous, hairy within, nar-
rowly cylindrical for 6 lines, funnel-shaped above, 13 in. long; segments of a deep rose-
colour, broadly dolabriform, uncinately toothed, 13 in. long and broad, all expanding toa
diameter of 4 in. ; stamens inserted at the constriction of the tube; anthers shortly and
obtusely 2-lobed at the base; disk of 2 rounded emarginate lobes one third the length of
the 2 ovaries.

HOMALADENIA.

A very distinct group of plants, placed by Prof. DeCandolle in Dipladenia ; but they
differ in their habit, in their short erect stems densely covered above with pine-like
leaves, terminal flowers with a smallish hypocrateriform corolla, with a narrow cylindri-
cal tube and a rotate border; stamens included within the mouth of the tube; anthers
shortly cordate at the base; disk of 2 ovate glands as long as the ovaries ; seeds with
a double coma, the inner hairs twice the length of the seeds, —characters quite at variance

with those of Dipladenia. SCH

164 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

HOMALADENIA*, nob. : Dipladenia (in parte) auctorum. Sepala acuta vel longe acuminata, imbricata, intus
squamulis 2 minimis ad basin munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus tenuiter cylindricus, ad
faucem vix latior; segmenta rhomboideo-dolabriformia, triplo breviora, rotata, dextrorsum convoluta.
Stamina intra faucem inclusa, sepe ex annulo niveo-piloso orta ; filamenta pilosa ; anthere his duplo
longiores, apice acutee, imo breviter cordate, in conum conniventes. Discus opposite bilobus, lobis
anguste oblongis. Ovaria 2, acuta, his alterna et paullo longiora ; stylus tenuis ; clavuncula incrassata,
5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata indusiata; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, tenuiter
teretes, subtorulosi, erecto-patentes. Semina plurima, oblonga, sæpe pilosa; coma dupla, erecta, pilis
inferioribus duplo longioribus, exterioribus multo brevioribus; emóryonis radicula supera.

Suffrutices valde humiles, Brasilienses vel Guianenses : radix crassa, dauciformi-tuberosa, apice caulos
plurimos emittens; caulis simplex, sepius. tenuissimus, erectus, imo nudiusculus, apicem versus crebre
foliosus; folia opposita, anguste linearia aut lanceolato-oblonga, erecta, imbricata, rarius remotiora,
brevissime petiolata ; racemus terminalis, pauciflorus ; flores parvi, rarius mediocres.

1. HomaALADENIA TENUIFOLIA, nob. : Dipladenia tenuifolia, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 482 : Dipladenia polymorpha,
var. tenuifolia, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. 121: Echites tenuifolia, Mikan, Flor. Bras. fasc. 3; Stadelm.
Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 53. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraés et Goyaz: v. s. in herb.
meo prov. Goyaz (Gardner 3888).

A species with an erect filiform stem, 6-9 in. high, bare at its base, sending out a short
lateral branchlet; axils ¿-1 in. apart; leaves opposite, narrowly linear, subincurved,
acuminate, fleshy, margins revolute, glabrous anor: puberulous beneath, 14-24 in. long,
barely 3 line broad, on petioles 1 line long; raceme terminal ; pe bearing 4
alternate flowers 6-9 lines apart, on pedicels 34 lines long, with basal bracteoles 1 line
long; sepals acute, 1 line long; tube of corolla very slender, 6 lines long, a little swollen
at the mouth, within which the stamens are enclosed ; segments obliquely oblong, rotate,
3 lines long, 2 lines broad; the glabrous follicles (which I have not seen) are 4 in. long, 1
line broad, scarcely torulose ; seeds 4 lines long ; coma, outer row 6 lines long, inner series
12 lines long.

A drawing of this plant, in flower and in fruit, is shown in Plate XXIV a.

2. HoMALADENIA LINARI#FOLIA, nob.: Dipladenia linariefolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 482. In Brasilia, prov.
Bahia : non vidi.

A slender stem 4-5 in. high, hirsutely puberulous, throwing out other branchlets from
its base; leaves narrowly linear, obtuse at the base, acuminate, rigid, with revolute mar-
gins, subglabrous, 1-13 in. long, à line broad, erect; terminal peduncle 1-14 in. long,
bearing about 3 flowers, on pedicels scarcely 4 line long; sepals subulately lanceolate,
3 lines long; tube of corolla 7-8 lines long, very slender, thicker in the mouth, within
which the stamens are enclosed, seated on a pilose ring; segments obliquely oblong, 4
lines long, 2-23 lines broad.

3. HOMALADENIA PASTORUM, nob.: Dipladenia pastorum, A. DC. l. c. p. 482: Dipladenia palymorpha, var.
tenuifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 121: Echites pastorum, Stadelm. l. c. p. 52: v. s. in herb. meo Minas Geraés
(Claussen 256).

A tuberous root, throwing out several slender, puberulous, simple stems, 6 in. high,

* From éua\ds (planus), ádyv (glans), from the flat shape of the lobes of the disk,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 165

nearly bare of leaves above the base, densely foliiferous above the middle ; leaves approxi-
mate, erect, imbricate, acute at the base, acuminate, glabrous, with revolute margins,
13 in. long, 13 line broad, nearly sessile; raceme terminal, rather short, bearing about 3
flowers on a bare peduncle 1 in. long; pedicels with a lanceolate bract 2 lines long,
glabrous, 3-4 lines long; sepals acutely lanceolate, 2 lines long ; tube of corolla slender,
7 lines long, slightly swollen at the mouth; segments falcate, rotate, scarlet, 4 lines
long, 1$ line broad ; stamens placed within the mouth and inserted in the contraction
of the tube; disk of 2 flat, semiorbicular lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries; 2 terete, subto-
rulose follicles; seeds 3 lines long, with a yellowish coma twice that length.

4. HOMALADENIA PEDUNCULARIS, nob. : Dipladenia peduncularis, A. DC. l. c. p. 482: Dipladenia poly-
morpha, var. peduncularis, Müll. l. c. p. 122: Echites peduncularis, Stadelm. l. c. p. 54. In Brasilia,
prov. Minas Geraés: v. s. in flore in herb. meo (Claussen 252).

Stems simple, scarcely 6 in. high, sparsely puberulous, slender, bare for a short distance
below, aboye crowded with leaves, which are erect, narrowly linear, acute at both ends,
margins revolute, hirto-pilose above, opake beneath, 13-13 in. long, 4 line broad, on
slender petioles + line long; peduncle axillary, slender, 14-24 in. long, bearing 3-4 flowers
m pedicels 6 lines long, each with a lanceolate bract 1 line long ; sepals lanceolate, erect,
imbricate, 2-24 lines long; slender tube of corolla 6 lines long ; narrow segments 2 lines
long; disk of 2 broadish lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries; follicles torulose, 3 in. long.

5. HoMALADENIA PUBERULA, nob. : Dipladenia tenuifolia, var. puberula, A. DC. l. c. p. 482: Dipladenia
polymorpha, var. puberula, Müll. l. c. p. 121. In Brasilia, prov. Goyaz et Piauhy : v. s. in herb.
meo, Piauhy (Gardner, 2229).

A very dwarfish species, the rather stout, erect stems being only 3-6 in. high, glabrous,
very rugous, with 2 or 3 patent lateral branches 1-2 in. long, densely beset with imbri-
cate, narrow, acuminate, linear leaves with revolute margins, darkish above, yellowish
and pubescent beneath, 4-8 lines long, 4—4 line broad, on short, slender petioles 3 peduncle
terminal, slender, puberulous, 14 in. long, bearing 3 alternate flowers on pedicels 2 lines
long, with an acute basal bract 2 line long; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long ; tube of corolla
slender, 5 lines long; segments 4 lines long.

This appears to me a peculiar and very distinct species.

6. HowALADENIA BREVIFOLIA, nob. : Dipladenia polymorpha, var. brevifolia, Müll. l. c. p. 122. In Brasilia,
prov. Minas Geraés : non vidi.
Stems erect, simple, very short, densely foliiferous ; leaves broadly elliptic or oblong-
ovate, 5-12 lines long, 3-7 lines broad ; inflorescence on a very long peduncle. A species
widely differing from all others, and approaching the preceding.

7. HOMALADENIA VINCAFLORA, nob. : Dipladenia vinceflora, Van Houtte, Fl. Serres, ii. p. 8, tab. 6;
Walp. Rep. vi. 742: Dipladenia polymorpha, var. peduncularis, Müll. l. c. p. 122. In prov. Minas
Geraës : non vidi.

A species with a tuberous root, throwing out several erect, subbranching, low, slender
stems, having 2-4 minute subulate stipules at the axils; leaves extremely small, linear

166 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

lanceolate, fleshy, glabrous, with revolute margins, 4-2 in. long, 25-5 lines broad ; racemes
axillary, on a very long naked peduncle, bearing 1 or more flowers ; sepals short; corolla
hypocrateriform, with a long, narrow, cylindrical tube, swollen a little below the mouth;
segments rotate, roseate red; disk of 2 orbicular lobes.

PRESTONIOPSIS.

This is a very good genus, established by Müller, in 1860, upon the Echites pubescens
of Willdenow (non Hook.), one of Humboldt's plants, the exact locality of which was not
known; but this I find is Bogota. The plant was first noticed by Willdenow, under a
short account stating that it had an axillary subumbellate inflorescence. Müller has
given a copious floral character of it from a specimen stated to be incomplete ; my ex-
amination of Mutis's plant confirms the correctness of Müller's details in every particular.
He observes that, although it offers a slight resemblance to Prestonia in habit and ag-
gregated flowers, it is very dissimilar in its floral structure; and he points to Laseguea
as its nearest ally. According to my view, the genus must be placed in the Dipladeniee,
on account of its bilobed disk. In habit it approaches Wicradenia ; and in the small size
of its flowers it offers some similarity to Homaladenia. The calyx consists of 5 narrow,
very acuminate sepals of unequal length, quincuncially imbricate, and furnished within
with a basal, bidentate scale; the tube of the corolla is cylindrical, as long as the sepals,
and narrowed at its base for a quarter of its length; segments as long as the tube,
narrowly oblong, and erect, dextrorsely convolute in «estivation ; stamens seated at the con-
striction of the tube; filaments short, glabrous, affixed toa tuft of white hairs in the sinus
of the anthers; anthers sublinear, with an apical membrane, and shortly cordate at the
base, cohering in a cone by their agglutination to the clavuncle; disk of 2 broadish, flat,
opposite lobes, shorter than the 2 free ovaries; a short style surmounted by a very thick
5-grooved clavuncle, indusiate at its base by a narrow membrane; stigmata 2, short and
terminal; 2 follicles, subulately terete, rather stout, subdivaricate; seeds many, subu-
lately terete, with a very erect apical coma nearly twice its length.

1. Prestoniopsis PUBESCENS, Müller, Bot. Zeit. 1860, p. 22, tab. 1 (in parte infer.) figs. 1-6; id. Linn.
xxx. p. 439: Echites pubescens (non Hook. & Arn.), Willd. in R. € Sch. iv. p. 796; Kunth. Nov. Gen.

iii. 453; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 476. In Nova Granada: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Bogotá (Mutis).
This is said to be a scandent shrub; its branches are somewhat stout, lenticellately
verrucose, pubescent, compressed, and dilated at the nodes by a transverse ridge ; axils
2-3 in. apart; leaves opposite, subpatent, oblong-ovate, cordate at the base, acutely
acuminate, darkish green above, with immersed nerves, pubescent, yellowish opake be-
neath, nerves prominent, 33 in. long, 12 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 5 lines long;
inflorescence axillary, on a peduncle 93 lines long; flowers very numerous, in a subcapi-
tate head, on pedicels obsoletely pilose, 3 lines long, each with 2 acute bracts 13 line long;
sepals linear-lanceolate, very acuminate, unequal in length, 4-5 lines long, quincuncially
imbricate, pilose outside, with an internal, bidentate, linear scale; tube of corolla

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 167

cylindrical, 6 lines long ; segments erect, oblong, 6 lines long, dextrorsely convolute in
estivation ; stamens inserted in the short basal constriction of the tube, on 5 tufts of white
hairs; anthers linear, shortly cordate at the base; disk of two opposite, rounded, fleshy
lobes, alternate with and half the length of the 2 free ovaries ; style very short, clavuncle
adhering to the anthers, conical, 5-grooved, with a basal expanded membrane; stigmata
2, subulate.

A drawing of this species, with its floral analysis, is given in Plate XXIV 5.

2. PRESTONIOPSIS HIRSUTA, nob, : ramulis subtenuibus, strictis ; axillis remotis ; foliis oppositis, ovatis, imo
profundiuscule cordatis, apice angustioribus et in acumen breve subito constrictis, chartaceis, margi- i
nibus vix revolutis, supra fusce olivaceis, glabris, in nervis venisque transversim et crebre reticulatis
sulcatis, et ibi albide hirsutulis, subtus sordide ferrugineis, undique puberulis, nervis venisque promi-
nulis breviter hirsutis, petiolo tenui, quam limbus 5plo breviore: panicula capitata, puberula, in nodis
solitaria ; pedunculo elongato, tenuiter tereti, apice confertifloro ; pedicellis bracteis calyceque æqui-
longis et hirsutulis; bracteis linearibus acutis; sepalis eis similibus, marginibus rubris reflexis ; corollæ
tubo cylindrico, subtenui, calyci æquilongo, intus lineis 5 albide pilosis munito ; segmentis æquilongis,
lineari-oblongis, cum tubo extus sparsim pilosis, in æstivatione dextrorsum convolutis; staminibus
ad contractionem basalem tubi enatis ; antheris imo cordatis, apice acuminatis, in conum subcohæren-
tibus; disci lobis 2, oppositis, rotundatis, ovariis alternantibus et dimidio brevioribus; stylo bre-
vissimo ; clavuncula conica 5-sulcata, imo membrana donata ; stigmatibus 2, subulatis, terminalibus.
In Venezuela: v. s. in kerb. Mus. Brit. Tovar (Moritz).

A species near the preceding. Its axils are 5) in. apart; leaves 32 in. long, 2$ in.
broad, on petioles 8 lines long ; peduncle 3 in. long; pedicels 4 lines long; bracts 3 lines
long, unequal; sepals 21-3 lines long; tube of corolla 4 lines long; segments of the
same length.

3. Prestonropsis venosa, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, teretibus; foliis ovatis, imo obtuse rotundatis, canali-
culatim plicatis et recurvis, apice in acumen breve obtusum repente constrictis, rigide chartaceis,
marginibus subrevolutis, supra fusco-viridibus, glabris, in nervis adscendentibus et venis transversis
valde reticulatis profunde sulcatis, et hinc subbullatis, subtus concoloribus, rigide pubescentibus, costa
nervis venisque prominentibus, petiolo piloso, canaliculato, quam limbus 8plo breviore : Inflorescentia
terminali ; pedunculo tereti, quam folium breviore, crebre multifloro; pedicellis tenuissimis, apice
subito crassioribus, puberulis; sepalis lanceolatis, 2 exterioribus longioribus, membranaceis, extus
puberulis, intus squamula munitis; corolla glabra ; tubo cylindrico, quam calyx duplo longiore, imo
brevissime angustiore, intus infra faucem lineis 5 albido-pilosis signato ; segmentis carnosulis, lineari-
oblongis, extus sparse pilosulis; staminibus ad contractionem basalem tubi insertis ; antheris longe
apiculatis, imo breviter bilobis; disco bilobo, lobis rotundatis, ovariis 2 alternis et dimidio bre-
vioribus. In Venezuela: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Tovar (Moritz).

This species differs from the preceding in its leaves subacute at the base and there oon-
duplicate; axils 14 in. apart; leaves 2-2} in. long, 14-13 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines
long; peduncle 1 in. long; head of flowers 1 in. in diameter ; pedicels 3 lines long ;
sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 3 lines long, with 5 pubescent
lines below the mouth; segments 23 lines long, puberulous inside at the base, with a
dextrorse convolution. :

168 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE.

4. Prestoniopsis FENDLERI, nob.: Dipladenia Fendleri, Müll. Linn. xxx. 417. In Venezuela, Tovar
(Fendler 1030) : non vidi.

A species near the two preceding. It isa subscandent shrub, with glabrous verrucose
branches, the younger ones puberulous; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, cordate at the
base, shortly euspidate at the apex, glabrous above, with 6-8 pairs of divergent nerves
and reticulated veins, incano-tomentous beneath, 22-41 in. long, 13-3 in. broad, on
petioles 3-12 in. long; raceme lateral or subterminal, on a peduncle 2 in. long, bearing
a head of densely aggregated, small, pubescent flowers, on pedicels 5-7 lines long, sup-
ported by narrow linear-lanceolate bracts of the same length; sepals linear-lanceolate,
imbricate, pubescent, 34 lines long, each with a basal 2-3fid scale; corolla not yet ex-
panded, nearly 1 in. long; tube pubescent, contracted near the base, where it is stamini-
gerous, pubescent in the mouth; segments rather narrow, elongate, with ciliated mar-
gins, 13 line broad; disk 2 ovate lobes, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

ANISOLOBUS.

A genus established by DeCandolle in 1844. Its chief distinctive character (whence
its name) is a large calyx of 5 unequal, oblong, obtuse, erect, membranaceous sepals,
quincuncially imbricate, the 2 outer ones being smaller. Müller, regardless of this
prominent feature, described and figured some of its species as belonging to Odontadenia,
a genus with which he was evidently unacquainted. This mistake was afterwards copied
by the authors of the ‘Genera Plantarum’ (ii. 723), who, without sufficient reflection,
absorbed Anisolobus into Odontadenia ; the latter is a genus widely remote, with which
Anisolobus can claim no affinity whatever. It was founded by Mr. Bentham, in 1841,
upon very sound data.

The generic character of Anisolobus is here remodelled from the careful analysis of those
species which I have been able to examine.

Antsotosus, A. DC.: Müll. (in parte). Calyx majusculus. Sepala 5, valde inequalia, quorum 2 exte-
riora minora, quincuncialiter et insigniter imbricata, oblonga, obtusa, membranacea, imo crassiora,
intus squamulis 2 bidentatis singulatim munita. Corolla tubulosa ; tubus longiusculus, infra medium
angustatus, superne infundibuliformis; segmenta falcatim dolabriformia, in zstivatione pro tertia
parte erecta, angulo sinistro acutata, dehinc subito introflexa, intra tubum descendentia, apicibus
antheras attingentes, demum expansa et dextrorsum conyoluta. Stamina 5, ad constrictionem
tubi inserta, inclusa; filamenta subbrevia, linearia, membranacea; anthere anguste lineares, cus-
pidatz, imo in furcas 2 longiusculas fisse. Discus urceolatus, margine denticulatus, ovaria ssepius
occultans. Ovaria 2, oblonga; stylus tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, pentagone cylindrica, glandu-
losa, ad antheras conglutinata, imo indusiata; stigmata 2, parva, oblonga, terminalia. Folliculi 2,
oblongi, crassiusculi, fusiformes, horizontaliter divergentes, glabri vel pubescentes, sutura ventrali
dehiscentes ; semina plurima, linearia, coma sericea 3-4plo longiore coronata.

Suffrutices Americe meridionalis, sepius scandentes ; rami ad nodos stipulacei ; folia opposita, ob-
longa, breviter petiolata ; racemi vel panicule laterales aut terminales, sepe geminati; flores pedicellati
et bracteolati.

SLED ae aN rea NE ep E ORT MR HA AR A oe age Te Wd O ` Aaen

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 169

1. AwrsoLoBUs Perorreriu, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 395; Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 115. In Guiana (Pe-
rottet): non vidi.

A species, with straight, verrucate branches, furnished on each side of the nodes with
2 small stipules; leaves distichous, oblong, acute at the base, acuminate, furnished with
many close nerves and reticulated veins, 3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long;
calyx 32 lines long; corolla 2 in. long. ;

The description of the plant from Maranháo under this name, by Müller, differs from
that of DeCandolle in several respects, indicating a specific difference, its leaves being
51-93 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on petioles 44-54 lines long; while his variety obtusa,
from Matto Grosso, appears still more distinct.

2. ANISOLOBUS SALZMANNI, A. DC. Z. c. p. 395; Müll. /. c. p. 113. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia : non vidi.

A scandent plant, with glabrous branches, the branches pubescent at the summits ;
leaves opposite (but not distichous), ovate or oblong-ovate, very obtuse at the base,
somewhat blunt at the acuminate apex, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, fuscous-green
above, pallid beneath, with darker nerves, 43—7 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, on petioles 34—4
lines long; racemes terminal, densely flowered, on a short peduncle furnished with
numerous roundly ovate bracts ; pedicels twice the length of the petioles ; sepals broadly
oblong, 33-51 lines long, unequal, much imbricated, subciliate, with a few internal basal
scales ; tube of corolla 1 in. long, enlarging at the base and upwards; segments about the
same length; disk entire (but doubtfully according to DeCandolle), 2-3 lines long, con-
cealing the ovaries; Müller states that it is partially cleft into 5 crenulate lobes.

3. ANISOLOBUS DISTINCTUS, nob.: ramulis crassiusculis striolatis, axillis remotiusculis stipulaceis : foliis
late ovatis aut oblongis, imo rotundatis, interdum circa petiolum brevissime acutatis, apice in acumen
late lineare obtusum repente constrictis, integris, rigidule chartaceis, supra rufule viridibus, nervis
nigris arcuatim nexis subimmersis, subtus flavide opacis, nervis fulvidis venisque transversis valde
reticulatis vix prominulis ; petiolo fusco, semitereti, quam limbus 8plo breviore: racemis terminalibus
geminatis, pedunculatis ; pedunculis nudis apice laxe 8-10-floris; pedicellis oppositis, imo breviter
bracteolatis, ultimis congestis ; sepalis oblongo-ovatis, valde imbricatis, extus puberulis, intus pruinosis,
squamulis paucis basalibus munitis; corolle tubo cylindrico, paullo sub medium Sege,
superne sublatiore, extus pruinoso ; segmentis oblique oblongis, dextrorsum convolutis ; disco urceo-
lato ad medium 5-sulcato, margine denticulato, ovaria 2 pilosula paullo superante ; staminibus ad

contractionem tubi insertis, inclusis. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Schomburgk 212).

Axils 31 in. apart; leaves 5-6 in. long, 3-3) in. broad, on rather stout petioles 8 lines
long; panicles 3 in. long; bare peduncles 9 lines long; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals, very
young, 21 lines long, roundish ; corolla, in bud, 1 in. long.

4. ANIsoLOBUS OBLONGUS, nob.: ramulis teretibus, subtenuibus, glabris, ad nodos stipularibus : foliis
elongato-oblongis, imo obtusis, superne sensim acutis, marginibus subundulatis, chartaceis, supra
fusco-viridibus, pruinoso-opacis, in costa sulcatis, ad nervos immersos subpuberulis, subtas/ hepatice
flavescentibus, opacis, costa nervis venisque transversis reticulatis rubidulis valde prominentibus d pe-
tiolis semiteretibus, sulcatis, limbo 15plo brevioribus: racemo terminali, alternatim 5-6-flaro ; floribus
pro genere speciosis, flavis. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie & Cunningham).

The slender branch has axils about 1 in. apart; leaves 53 in. long, 13 in. broad, on
Z

170 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

petioles 6 lines long; raceme about 3 in. long, on a bare peduncle 14 in. long; bearing
severallarge yellow subapproximate flowers on slender twisted pedicels 8 lines long;
sepals unequal, obtuse, 31-5 lines long, 2 lines broad; the lower narrowed portion of
the tube of the corolla 7 lines long, 12 line broad, upper moiety 7 lines long; segments
7-9 lines long; anthers 4 lines long; disk urceolate, 5-grooved, margin denticulated,
a trifle longer than the 2 ovaries.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seed, are shown in
Plate XXVI.

5. ANISOLOBUS STADELMEYERI, Müll. / c. p. 113 (in parte) : Echites densevenulosa, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit.
1841, p. 47; A. DC. l c. p. 464. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb, Mus. Brit. mont.
Organ. (Gardner 5820). Â

Probably a shrub, with scandent, slender, dark, pubescent branches, with axils 34 in.

apart, having caducous stipules; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtusely acute and emarginate at
the base, furnished at the apex with a short subacute acumen, rigidly chartaceous, fuscous-
green above, obsoletely puberulous, with slender immersed nerves, paler beneath, glaucous-
pruinose, subhirsute on the prominent midrib and nerves, veins closely reticulated, 32 in.
long, 12 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; panicles in opposite axils, on a slender naked
pubescent peduncle 14 in. long, twice trichotomously branched, each branch bearing about
3 flowers, on pedicels with small bractlets and 4-6 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong,
membranaceous, with ciliate margins, sparsely pilose, 35-4 lines long, 1-13 line broad,
unequal, imbricate; corolla 24 in. long; tube cylindrical, suddenly constricted below
the middle; segments dolabriform, rounded on the dexter side, simply convolute in the
bud; stamens seated at the constriction of the tube; anthers linear, narrow, somewhat
shortly bifurcate at the base; disk urceolate, 5-sulcate, and denticulated on the margin,
concealing the 2 ovaries.

6. ANISOLOBUS HEBECARPUS, Müll. /. c. p. 112, tab. 33. figs. 1 & 3: Echites hebecarpa, Benth. MSS. In
Amazonas : v. $. in herb. meo Santarem (Spruce 681).

An erect shrub, different from the preceding species, with very straight, subfistular,
glabrous, opake branches, striate, rendered somewhat scabrous by many short, prominent,
obtuse lenticels, with 2 stipules on each side between the petioles; leaves oblong-ovate,
subcordate at the base, roundish towards the summit, and there constricted suddenly into
a short acumen, chartaceous, opake above, with immersed nerves and transversely reticu-
lated fine veins, paler beneath, pruinously opake (not pubescent), midrib and nerves pro-
minent, 3-53 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on stout, recurving, glabrous petioles 3-5 lines
long ; panicle lateral, 3-5 in. long, on a deflected peduncle 6-18 lines long, divided at its
apex into 2 parallel floriferous branches, each bearing about 6 alternate flowers; bracts
linear-oblong, reddish, submembranaceous, margins glabrous, 3 lines long; pedicels 3-6
lines long; sepals oblong, obtuse, glabrous, membranaceous, imbricate, 4-6 lines long,
with an internal, subulate, bidentate scale; corolla handsome, deep rose-colour; tube
20 lines long, narrowly cylindrical for half its length, fleshy, pubescent inside, cam-
panular and glabrous above; segments obliquely very inequilateral, with an acute
tooth near the sinister angle, dextrorsely convolute, 9 lines long and broad; stamens

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 171

seated on a densely lanate ring in the contraetion of the tube; anthers cohering,
3 lines long, acuminate, acutely biaristate at the base; disk urceolate, denticulate
on the margin, shorter than the 2 pointed ovaries; style slender, 10 lines long;
clavuncle incrassate, membranaceous at its base; follicles horizontally divergent, fusi-
formly terete, glabrous, 51 in. long, 31 lines thick ; seeds numerous, 44 lines long, with
an erect apical coma 15 lines long.

7. ANISOLOBUS ZUCCARINIANUS, nOb. : Echites Zuccariniana, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 76; A. DC. l, c.
p. 471: Anisolobus hebecarpus, var. erectus, Müll. l. c. p. 112. In Brasilia, prov. Goyaz et Cuyaba :
non vidi.

A shrub much less in height than Spruce's plant, with narrower pubescent leaves on
shorter petioles, and tomentous inflorescence. It has stoutish, softly pubescent branches,
with axils 1 in. apart, having 2 acute stipules on each face; opposite leaves erect, oblong-
elliptic, cordate at the base, shortly cuspidate and mucronate at the apex, chartaceous,
puberulous above, velutinous beneath, with prominent costa, nerves, and transversely
reticulated veins, 27-5 in. long, 13-23 in. broad, on petioles 1-4 lines long; panicle
lateral, covered with yellowish or whitish tomentum, densely many-flowered; pedicels
niveous, 6-8 lines long ; bracts ovate, acute, 1-14 line long; sepals oblong, very unequal,
obtuse, membranaceous, pubescent, ciliate, 4-6 lines long, with an inner, bidentate,
subulate scale; tube of corolla 15 lines long, narrowly cylindrical for half its length,
funnel-shaped above, tomentous within; segments subunguiculate, deltoid, very inequi-
lateral, with an uncinate tooth on the sinister angle, 9 lines long, 9 lines broad, with a
falciform expansion, dextrorsely convolute ; stamens inserted in the contraction of the
tube; anthers cohering, cuspidate, biaristate at the base; disk urceolate, crenately denti-
culate on the margin, concealing the 2 subglobose ovaries; follicles teretely fusiform,
densely pubescent.

8. ANISOLOBUS PULCHERRIMUS, nob.: Echites pulcherrima, Pohl, in Icon. Sel.: Anisolobus hebecarpus,
var. scandens, Müll. l.c. p. 112, tab. 33. fig. 2. In Brasilia, prov. Goyaz ad Coralinha (Pohl 1383) :
non vidi.

A shrub with an erect short pubescent stem, with glabrous, flexuous, slender, sub-
prostrate branches ; leaves elliptic, cordate at the base, shortly cuspidate, softly puberulous
above, velutinous beneath, 41—5 in. long, 24 in. broad, on petioles 4 lines long ; raceme
lateral or terminal, bearing many alternately approximate flowers, on pedicels 6-8 lines
long; bracts ovate, 1-14 line long; sepals oblong, very obtuse, membranaceous, unequal,
31-4 lines ‘long, very imbricate, each with an inner basal 2-dentate scale; tube of
corolla 15 lines long, narrowly cylindrical at the base for half its length, swelling above;
segments rhomboid-obovate, acutely dolabriform, subcrispate; stamens seated in the
contraction of the tube; anthers cohering, acuminate, biaristate at the base; disk 5

fleshy, sulcate lobes, crenulate on the margin.

9. Auisorosvs PouriaNus, nob.: Echites Pohliana, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 73; A. DC. l.c. p. 470.
In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: non vidi.

A species near the preceding, being a low shrub with a glabrous stem sé in. high,
Z

172 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCY NACER,

having scandent, hirsutulous branches ; leaves ovate-oblong or linear-oblong, rounded or
subcordate at the base, acute or shortly euspidate at the apex, glaucous green above,
ciliate on the margins, 3-32 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on ciliate petioles 2 lines long;
raceme terminal, elongate, few-flowered; pedicels 6-8 lines long; bracts cuspidately
lanceolate, 3 lines long; sepals 31-41 lines long, with 2 approximate bidentate inner
scales; tube of the corolla narrowed below for half its length, funnel-shaped above, 2 in.
long; segments oblong, inequilateral; stamens inserted at the constriction of the tube;
disk urceolate, denticulate on the margin, nearly concealing 2 ovate-oblong ovaries.

10. ANISOLOBUS PsIDIIFOLIUS, nob.: Echites psidiifolia, Mart., Stadelm. in Rat. Fl. (1841), Beibl. 46;
A. DC. I. c. p. 453; Müll. 7. c. p. 160. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia: non vidi.

This species is placed here because of its large unequal sepals and other conformable
characters. It has pubescent branches with remote stipular axils ; narrow oblong leaves
shortly acuminate, subcordate at the base, pubescent, 2-2} in. long, 10-15 lines broad,
the petioles being 2 lines long ; several flowers aggregated upon a peduncle 13 in. long;
pedicels ebracteolate, 3-4 lines long; sepals oblong, truncate, membranaceous,
pubescent, ciliate, 4-6 lines long, 3-4 lines broad, with as many internal, broad, denti-
culate scales; cylindrical tube of corolla 8-10 lines long; segments dolabriform, roundish;
stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers rigid, acute, shortly bilobed at the
base; disk urceolate, 5-grooved, as long as the ovaries.

11. ANISOLOBUS PUNCTICULOSUS, Miq. Stirp. Surin. p. 158; Walp. Ann. iii. 37 : Echites puncticulosa, Rich.
in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1792, p. 107; A. DC. l. c.p. 473. In Surinam et Cayenne : non vidi.
A shrub with obtusely 4-angled verruculose branches, having short, ovate, deciduous
stipules at the nodes; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, with a short, broad, emarginate
acumen, coriaceous, with about 5 pairs of nerves, reticulate, petiolate ; panicle terminal,
shortly puberulous, on a peduncle bearing several approximate flowers; sepals broadly
ovate, obtuse, outer ones puberulent, inner ones somewhat longer, more scarious, and
subglabrous ; disk urceolate, contracted at the obsoletely repand-denticulate margin.

12. Antsotosus Hosrmannt, Mig. Stirp. Surin. p. 159; Walp. Ann. iii. p.38. In Surinam : non vidi.

A shrub, with subcylindrical branches, roughly verruculose, with deciduous stipules;
leaves elliptic, subobtuse at both ends, coriaceous, with nerves and reticulate veins,
petiolate; panicle axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, puberulous, on a short
peduncle; sepals ovate, obtuse, puberulous, outer ones somewhat shorter, inner ones
more glabrous, each with an inner bifid scale; corolla 22 in. long, its tube slender,
subcampanulate above the middle; segments roundish-ovate.

13. AnrsoLosus Focker, Miq. Stirp. Surin. p. 159; Walp. Ann. iii. 38. In Surinam: non vidi.

A shrub with obtusely tetragonous, verruculous branches, with several ciliate, seti-
form deciduous stipules; leaves ovate-elliptic or oblong, acute at the base, obtusely
acuminate, the larger ones subinequilateral, subcoriaceous, obliquely nerved and reticu-
late, petiolate ; panicles axillary, mostly opposite, the lower ones with a long, the upper
ones with a shorter peduncle, trichotomously divided, puberulous; flowers pedicellate,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 173

supported by ovate, ciliolate, puberulous bracteoles; sepals obtuse, ciliolate; tube of
corolla thickened at the base, constricted in the middle, funnel-shaped above.

14. ÁNISOLOBUS RUBIDULUS, nob. : glaberrimus, ramulis tenuibus, rubescentibus, striolatis ; axillis stipulis
parvis utrinque munitis : foliis oppositis, ellipticis, imo obtusis, apice sensim acuminatis, chartaceis,
supra pallide viridulis, rufescentibus, nervis subpatentibus, arcuatim nexis, subimmersis, subtus paullo
pallidioribus, nervis tenuibus prominulis, venis transversis valde reticulatis; petiolo tenui, sulcato,
quam limbus 15plo breviore: panicula terminali, trichotome divisa, multiflora; pedicellis tenuibus,
petiolo duplo longioribus; sepalis 5, oblongis, obtusis, rubidulis, marginibus membranaceis, valde
imbricatis, adpressis, subinzequalibus, singulatim squamulis 2 intus munitis ; corolle tubo imo anguste
cylindrico, superne infundibuliformi; segmentis oblongo-dolabriformibus, expansis; staminibus in
contractionem tubi insertis ; disco cylindrico, 5-sulcato, obtuse denticulata, ovariis 2 oblongis pilosulis
paullo breviore. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Martin).

A slender plant, with axils 1 in. apart; leaves 21—32 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on
petioles 2-3 lines long; panicle 2 in. long, spreading ; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals 2)
lines long, 1 line broad ; tube 11 lines long, contracted from the middle downwards; seg-
ments 5 lines long and broad.

ANGADENIA.

This genus is proposed for a small group of fruticose plants, erect or scandent, chiefly
referred by Müller to Odontadenia and Anisolobus, differing from the former in their
floral and carpical characters, and from the latter in their small, equal, coriaceous
sepals, and in the shape and mode of zstivation of the segments of the corolla, and other
features.

ANGADENIA Y, nob. : Sepala 5, parva, æqualia, subacuta, coriacea, marginibus sæpe angustissime pellucidis,
quineuncialiter subimbricatis, intus squamulis totidem bidentatis munita. Corolla tubulosa; tubus
pro dimidia parte infera anguste cylindricus, superne infundibuliformi-campanulatus ; segmenta do-
labriformia, angulo sinistro acuta, latere altero rotundatim expansa, estivatione simpliciter dex-
trorsum convoluta. Stamina5, inclusa, ad constrictionem tubi inserta ; filamenta brevia, complanata ;
anthere cuspidato-lineares, imo in furcas 2 breves acutas fissze ; clavuncule agglutinatione in conum

coherentes. Discus majusculus, vasiformis, crassus, ore denticulatus. Ovaria 2, acute oblonga,
la incrassata, cylindrica, imo membrana peltata

diseum paullo superantia. Stylus tenuis; clav i
apophysata ; stigmata 2, minima, acuta, terminalia. Folliculi 2, robuste fusiformes, horizontaliter

divaricati, sutura ventrali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, linearia, coma densa, longa, erecta, penicil-

liformi coronata. Z 1 $ .
Frutices Americe meridionalis ramosi; rami sepe scandentes ad nodos breviter stipulacei : folia
opposita, ovata vel elliptico-oblonga, sepe cordata, coriacea, petiolata ; panicule azillares aut terminales,

pluriflore ; flores subspeciosi, pedicellati.

l. ANGADENIA HYPOGLAUCA, nob. : Echites hypoglauca, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 123; A. DC. l c. p.
448: Odontadenia hypoglauca, Müll. (in parte) Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 118, tab. 358. In Brasilia, prov.
Bahia et Pernambuco : non vidi.

A climbing plant, with slender, flexuous, glabrous branches, having axils 5 in. apart,
bearing on their transverse ridge 2 thick ovate or linear-oblong glands; leaves ovate-
oblong, cordate at the base, rounded and emarginate at the summit, very glabrous above,

* From úyyea (vasa), áàjv (glandula), from its urceolated disk.

174 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEEX.

glauco-velutinous beneath, 33-54 in. long, 21-81 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long;
racemes axillary and terminal, opposite, about as long as the leaves, on a very slender
flexuous peduncle bare at the base for the length of 1 in., bearing above 5 to 8 alternate,
rather distant flowers on slender pedicels 6-8 lines long, twisted, and bracteolate at the
base; sepals oblong, imbricate, 2 lines long; corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical,
slightly contracted in the middle, 13 in. long; segments rotate, dolabriform, 9 lines long,
4 lines broad; stamens seated a little above the middle of the tube, and reaching the
mouth, with 2 short divergent prongs at the base; disk urceolate, fleshy, with very numerous
fine denticulations on the margin, some few of them deeper than the others, shorter than

the 2 conical, oblong, glabrous ovaries.

2. ANGADENIA MAJUSCULA, nob.: Odontadenia hypoglauca, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 118, tab. 35 a. fig. 1.
In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Santarem (Spruce 696).

A species distinct from the preceding. It has stouter, flexuous branches, with axils
4 in. apart; leaves ovate-oblong, deeply cordate at the base, rather obtuse and suddenly
mucronate at the summit, margins subrevolute, of a palish green above, but pubescent
on the midrib and nerves, of which there are 10 pairs divergent and prominulous, furnished
with transversely reticulate immersed veins, beneath very opake and yellowish glaucous
on the midrib and nerves, 3-6 in. long, 13-32 in. broad, with a basal sinus 2-5 lines deep,
on glaucous channelled petioles 3-6 lines long; racemes axillary, opposite, on stoutish
peduncles naked at the base for 1} in., bearingabove about 8 opposite flowers on very
slender pedicels 7 lines long; sepals ovate, subacute, 24-3 lines long, each furnished with
2 bifid internal scales; tube of corolla 11 lines long, narrowly cylindrical, contracted in
the middle; segments dolabriform, 8 lines long; stamens seated in the contraction of the

tube; anthers acuminate, with 2, somewhat divergent, basal prongs; disk shortly cleft `

into 5 or 10 striate, denticulate lobes, as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries.

3. ANGADENIA SYLVESTRIS, nob. : Echites sylvestris, A. DC. l. c. p. 464: Echites grandiflora, Stadelm.
(non Meyer) Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 49: Odontadenia sylvestris, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 117 (excl. tab.
354. fig. 2). In Brasilia, Rio Japuré in sylvis (Martius) : non vidi.

This species is evidently not a true Odontadenia, but, like the O. hypoglauca of Müller,
belongs to this group. DeCandolle described it from the Echites grandiflora of Stadelmeyer,
who wrongly confounded it with Meyer's plant of the same name from Guiana. The
plant seems to have been collected by Martius, near the river J apuré, a region south of
the Rio Negro. Müller united it with another plant collected by Sagot in Guiana, which
is the Echites coriacea of Bentham, here described under the following species; we must
therefore reject the specifie character and the floral analysis of Müller, and trust wholly
to that given by DeCandolle. Its branches are obtusely 4-angled, and their axils remote;
the leaves are cuneately obovate, with a short, mucronate acumen, membranaceous,
marked beneath with prominent midrib and nerves and obliquely transverse veins, 5-8
in. long, 2-4 in. broad, on petioles less than 1 inch long; panicles axillary, shorter than
the leaves, on peduncles often 3 in. long, bearing many flowers on pedicels 3 lines long,
minutely bracteolate ; sepals obtusely ovate, 3 lines long, with inner trifid scales ; corolla
2; in. long, yellowish red, its tube somewhat ventricose within the calyx, narrowly cylin-

———M— Ó——— —— —— — M Á

—— — mmm, mmm, ——E € —— — ——— — —— — —— — —

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 175

drical and constricted below the middle, funnel-shaped above; segments trapezoid ;
stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube, with connivent anthers; disk vasiform,
finely denticulate on the margin, striolate, fleshy, and concealing the 2 subulate ovaries.

4. ANGADENIA CURURU, nob.: Echites Cururu, Mart. Pl. Med. tab. 64; Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 78;
A. DC. l. c. p. 470: Anisolobus Cururu, Müll. l. c. p. 112, tab. 34 (excl. var.) : Anisolobus Kappleri,
Mig. Stirp. Surin. p. 159. In Amazonas, Rio Coari, Ega et Rio Negro: non vidi.

A species from the same region as the preceding, to which it is nearly allied. Müller's
drawing is copied from that of Martius above cited ; and it is stated to be near 4. 4mazo-
nica in its leaves and inflorescence. Its stoutish branches are trichotomously or oppositely
divided, fuscous, verruculous, with axils 2-23 in. apart; leaves elliptic, subacute at both
ends, or with a suddenly contracted, short, obtuse acumen, subcoriaceous, fuscous above,
glabrous, subnitid, with about 10 pairs of diverging nerves and finely reticulated veins,
paler beneath, 33-43 in. long, 14—2 in. broad, on petioles 3-7 lines long; panicles opposite,
axillary, longer than the leaves, on a bare peduncle 2 in. long, erect, above trichotomously
branched, each branch bearing about 6 flowers on bracteolate pedicels 5-6 lines long;
sepals small, ovate, acute, pubescent, thickish, imbricate, 2 lines long, each with a small
inner, bidentate scale; tube of corolla subglabrous, 14 lines long, narrowly cylindrical at its
base for one third of its length, widening a little above; segments trapezoidally dolabri-
form, with crispate margins, 9 lines long, 6 lines broad ; stamens seated in the contraction
of the tube; anthers acuminate, with 2 shortish, acute, subdivergent, basal prongs, hirtu-
lous dorsally ; disk urceolate, enclosing the 2 somewhat shorter, acutely ovate, glabrous
ovaries.

5. ANGADENIA GRANDIFOLIA, nob.: Echites Cururu; var. grandifolia, Stadelm. /. c. p. 73; A. DC. l. c. p.
470: Anisolobus Cururu, var. grandifolius, Müll. l. c. p. 113. In Amazonas, Rio Solimoés: non vidi

A species differing from the preceding in the unusual size of its leaves, which are more
oblong, 74-10 in. long, 34-4 in. broad; the inflorescence is 5 in. long; other particulars
are not given. It seems to differ little from the 4nisolobus Perottetii, Müll. (non A. DC.).

6. AnGADENIA Amazonica, nob.: Echites Amazonica, Stadelm. Bot-Zeit-1811, p.50; A. DC. l.c. p. E
Echites bicornis, Spruce, MSS.: Echites verrucosa, R. € S. Syst. iv. 795: Anisolobus Amazonicus,
Müll. /. c. p. 114. In Amazonas, ad Panuré Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2503) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
Rio Guainia (Spruce 3550).

A species scarcely differing from 4. Cururu. Its branches are more slender, brownish,
striolate, glabrous, subverrucose, with axils 1} in. apart, having a short stipule on paca
side of the petioles ; leaves elliptic, narrower towards the base, roundish at the summit,
and suddenly constricted into an acute acumen, opakely fuscous above, with 10 or
12 pairs of divergent nerves, and transverse veins finely reticulate, yellowish opake
beneath, with reddish prominent midrib and nerves, 43-53 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, on
petioles 4-5 lines long; panicles opposite or subterminal, pubescent, on a naked p Bp
14 in. long, bearing several branches 4-6 lines long, supporting scveral subapproximate
flowers on pubescent pedicels 6 lines long, with minute ovate bracteoles ; sepals veer?
oblong, with submembranaceous margins, 1} line long, } line broad; tube of corolla 15

176 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

lines long, narrow below for one third of its length; segments dolabriform, 43 lines long;
stamens seated on a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; anthers slender, linear,
acute, with 2 short, subdivergent, basal prongs; disk urceolate, fleshy, denticulate on the
margin, and nearly concealing the 2 free ovaries.

7. ANGADENIA LATIFOLIA, nob. : Anisolobus Amazonicus, var. latifolius, Müll. l. c. p. 114: Odontadenia, sp.
Benth. MSS. In Brasilia, v. s. in herb. meo, Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2503).

A species very distinct from the preceding. Its branches are compressed, opake, sub-
striate, dilated at the axils, which are 13 in. apart, and thickened by a transverse ridge,
bearing 2 or more acute stipules, often caducous; leaves very broadly ovate, rounded, but
shortly and very suddenly acute upon the petiole, roundish towards the summit and
suddenly constrieted into an obtusely cuspidate acumen, rigidly chartaceous, with sub-
undulated margins, opakely fuscous above, with curving immersed nerves, and transverse
veins very finely retieulated between them, paler and ferruginously opake beneath, with
prominent reddish nerves and veins, 4-44 in. long, 21-3 in. broad, on curving, stoutish,
channelled petioles 5-6 lines long; terminal or subaxillary panicles on peduncles 5-8 lines
long, each bearing about 10 flowers on slender pedicels 9 lines long; sepals ovate, sub-
acute, unequal, very imbricate, 2 lines long; tube of corolla subpuberulous, narrowed
below for half its length, slightly swelling above, 7 lines long; segments obliquely ovate,
24 lines long; disk cupular, cleft halfway into 5 subacute lobes shorter than the 2 ovaries.

The species differs from 4. Amazonica in its much broader, less acuminate, more rigid
leaves, and in its geminate terminal panicles bearing fewer flowers.

8. ANGADENIA SPRUCEI, nob. : Anisolobus Sprucei, Müll. l. c. p. 114: Odontadenia, sp., Benth. MSS.
In Amazonas : v. s. in herb. meo prope Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2555).

A species near the two preceding, with stout straight branches, having their axils 24-33
in. apart, bearing on each face 2-4 lanceolate membranaceous stipules 1 line long, very
caducous; leaves oblong-elliptic, gradually narrowing towards the base from the middle,
suddenly contracted at the more rounded summit into a sublinear obtuse acumen, char-
taceous, with subrevolute margins, reddish fuscous and opake above, with black midrib
and immersed nerves, ochreous-brown below, midrib and nerves reddish, subprominulent,
with closely transverse reticulate veins, 4-5 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on petioles 3-4
lines long; panicles axillary, single or geminate and terminal, on peduncles 9-15 lines
long, trichotomously branched, each branch bearing 2-3 alternate flowers, on pedicels
4-6 lines long, furnished with 2 small bracts; sepals broadly ovate, very imbricate,
ciliate on the margins, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 10 lines long, the contracted basal
portion of the tube being 3 lines jong ; segments broadly oblong, 4 lines long; stamens
inserted at the contraction of the ee disk urceolar, with many denticulate teeth on
the margin, half the length of 2 conical oblong ovaries.

A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are given in Plate XXVII. A.

9. ANGADENIA COGNATA, nob.: Anisolobus cognatus, Müll. l. c. p. 113: Echites cognata, Stadelm. Bot-
Zeit. 1841, p. 79; A. DC. l. c: p. 470. In Brasilia, Rio Japuré: non vidi.

A species with glabrous branchlets ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, subacute at the base,

n mee, — m — AÑ — AA "mmm TT —— — — —

ma

[SS — o 9

„a mm EE E mm — — TT HQ "mme —

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. 177

shortly and obtusely acuminate, submembranaceous, nitid and fuscous above, with pro-
minulent nerves and transversely reticulated veins, 4-7 in. long, 2-31 in. broad, on
petioles 6-8 lines long; panicle terminal, glabrous, many-flowered, on pedicels longer
than the calyx; sepals broadly ovate, ciliate, 3-3 lines long ; tube of corolla 23-23 in.
long, glabrous, cylindrical for one fourth of its length, subcampanulate above, with
broad segments one half of its length; stamens seated on the contraction of the tube,
included; anthers somewhat hairy, sagittate ; disk urceolate, partly cleft into 5 denticulate
lobes, scarcely as long as the 2 cano-tomentous ovaries.

10. ANGADENIA PRUINOSA, nob. In prov. Piauhy : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Oeiras (Gardner 2232).

An undescribed species near the preceding, with scandent, slender, flexuose, dichotomous
branches, the axils 1-2 in. apart ; leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, with a shortish
acute or obtusulous acumen, thinly chartaceous, with margins scarcely revolute, dark
rubiginous green above, opake, with slender immersed nerves and delicate reticulated
veins, puberulent beneath, griseous, finely granulate, the nerves fuscous, scarcely pro-
minulent, 2-2] in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on slender, griseous, margined petioles 3 lines
long; fructiferous raceme short, 9 lines long, bearing 2 follicles, horizontally divaricated,
thickly cylindrical, 5 in. long, 6 lines thick ; seeds many, black, compressed, rostrate, 9
lines long, 1 line broad, crowned by a white, erect, thick, pencil-like coma 21 lines long.

The follicle and seeds exactly correspond with those of 4. hebecarpus, showing that it
belongs to this genus.

A drawing of this species, with its fruit and seeds, is shown in Plate XXVII. B.

11. ANGADENIA CORIACEA, nob.: Echites coriacea, Benth. (non Blume) in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 249;
A DC. 1. c. p. 467: Odontadenia coriacea, Müll. Linn. xxx. 450: O. sylvestris, Müll. (in parte)
l. c. p. 117 (inclus. tab. 35 a. fig. 2 bis). In Guiana Brit., Pirara (Schomb. 738), Acouari (Sagot
383) : non vidi. í
A species, as before stated, confounded by Müller with A. sylvestris. It is a slender,
glabrous climbing plant, resembling 4. elegans in many respects. Leaves ovate-oblong,
obtuse at the base, shortly acüminate, glabrous, coriaceous, elegantly veined, with
nerves little prominent; panicle ramose, on a stoutish peduncle, bearing few flowers
laxly disposed, on stoutish pedicels; sepals obtuse; tube of corolla nearly an inch long,
funnel-shaped above the middle.
No dimensions are given, either of the leaves or parts of the inflorescence.

12. ANcADENIA NITIDA, nob. : Echites nitida, Vahl, Ecl. ii. 19, Icon. tab. 13; A. DC. lc. p. 453: Odon-
tadenia nitida, Müll. /. c. p. 118; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 416: Odontadenia cordata, A. DC.
l. c. p. 360. In Guiana. v. s. spec. typ. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Van Rohr).

A climbing, glabrous species, with slender substriate branches, having their axils
3 in. apart; leaves oblong, with parallel sides, rounded and cordate at the base, obtuse
at the summit, with a short mucronate point, entire, submembranaceous, glabrous, nitid
above, glauco-ferruginous beneath, with divaricate nerves and very reticulate veins,

3-4 in. long, 1-12 in. broad, on slender petioles 4-6 lines long; raceme E , on a
2k

178 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

glabrous, slender, recurved peduncle 2 in.long, bearing at the summit a thyrse 2 in.
long, consisting of from 8 to 15 opposite flowers on slender pedicels 6-9 lines long,
bracteolate at the base; sepals ovate, acute, 23 lines long, furnished with several minute
internal scales ; tube of corolla 13 in. long, narrowly cylindrical and contracted in the
middle, widening above; segments roundish, 4 lines long; stamens seated in the con-
traction of the tube; anthers narrow, with 2 divergent prongs at the base as long as the
filaments, acuminate at the summit, pubescent behind, half exserted ; disk 10-striate,
unequally divided and subdenticulate on the margin, three fourths the length of the 2
oblong glabrous ovaries.

13. ANGADENIA ELEGANS, nob.: Echites elegans, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 249; A. DC. Le
p. 466: Odontadenia geminata, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 119. In Amazona: v. s. in herb. Mus.
Brit. Rio Negro (Schomb. 965).

A climbing plant, with dichotomous slender branches, having dilated axils 1-23 in.
apart; leaves glabrous, oblong, rounded at the base, sharply acuminate at the summit,
chartaceous, margin subrevolute, dark green above, midrib sulcate, with divaricate
nerves and closely transverse prominulent veins, fulvous opake beneath, nerves and veins
prominent, 24-3 in. long, 1 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles incrassate at the
base, 4 lines long; racemes axillary, on slender divaricately dichotomous peduncles
9 lines long, each bearing 3-6 flowers, sometimes reduced to 2, on slender pedicels
7 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, glabrous, 13 line long, with submembranaceous
margins; tube of corolla cylindrical, 12 lines long, 1 line broad; segments broadly dola-
briform, shorter than the tube, yellow, red in the mouth; disk urceolate, fleshy, denti-
eulate and shortly 10-cleft on the margin, a little shorter than the ovaries.

14. ANGADENIA GEMINATA, nob.: Echites geminata, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 795; A. DC. l c. p. 475 : Odon-
tadenia geminata, Müll. (in parte) J. c. p. 119.

In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. San Carlos,
Rio Negro (Spruce 3152).

A species distinctly described by Rómer and Schultz, and different from the preceding,
varying from it in its broader ovate leaves shortly acuminate but not mucronate at
the apex, undulated on the margin, with more nerves. It has very slender flexuose
branches, with axils, not dilated, about 24 in. apart; leaves divaricate or reflexed,
oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, suddenly and shortly acuminate, margin cartila-
ginous, erenately undulate, green above, with a slender midrib and numerous close,
subpatent, thin prominulent nerves, with transversely reticulated veins, yellowish opake
beneath, with prominent nerves and veins, 21-31 in. long, 13-12 in. broad, on slender
petioles little incrassate at the base, 5 lines long; racemes opposite, on compressed
peduncles bare at the base for 1 in., each bearing above 6 flowers in 3 geminate pairs
4-6 lines apart, on slender pedicels 10 lines, the upper ones 6 lines long; sepals as
in the preceding; tube of the corolla slender, a little swollen in the mouth, 13 lines
long; segments broadly dolabriform, 9 lines long and broad; stamens seated in the
middle of the tube; anthers with 2 basal prongs, somewhat divergent; disk as in the
preceding species.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 179

15. AncaDenIa Pórrrert, nob.: Odontadenia Püppigii, Müll. l. c. p. 119: Echites bifurcata, Pópp. MSS.
In Amazonas, Rio Teffé, prope Ega (Pópp. 2866) : non vidi.

A plant with slender glabrous branches, much resembling 4. geminata: leaves
elliptic, obtuse at the base, roundish at the summit, with a short cuspidate acumen, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, shining and fuscous green above, rufescently opake beneath, nerves
and veins prominulent on both sides, 34-44 in. long, 12-23 in. broad, petiolate ; panicle
axillary, spreading, much longer than the leaves, bearing numerous flowers on slender
pedicels 3 or 4 times as long as the calyx; sepals obtusely ovate; tube of corolla cylin-
drical, narrowed below, contracted in the middle, a little wider above; segments nearly

half the length of the tube; anthers dorsally glabrous; disk as in the preceding
species.

16. ANGADENIA RETICULATA, nob.: scandens; ramulis tenuibus, flexuosis, pubescentibus ; axillis remotis :
foliis ellipticis, imum versus sensim angustioribus, cordatis, apice aeumine repente mucroniformi
apiculatis, marginibus revolutis, supra opacis, fusce viridibus, scabridule punctulatis, nervis immersis,
subtus opacis, fusce ochraceis, costa nervisque tenuibus fuscis prominentibus, venis transversis
insigniter reticulatis; petiolis brevibus, canaliculatis, hirsutis: racemo laterali, spicatifloro ; pedi-
cellis brevibus; sepalis ovatis, acutissimis; corolle tubo ad medium cylindrico, sursum subcampa-
nulato; staminibus in contractione tubi in annulum lanatum inserta. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. N. S. d'Abadia, prov. Goyaz (Gardn. 4271) ; Maranháo (Gardn. 6058).

Axils 24-31 in. apart; leaves 21-3 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on petioles 2-21 lines
long, the basal lobes being 1 line deep; raceme 24 in. long, on a peduncle 9 lines long ;
flowers 1 line apart; pedicels + line long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 12 in. long;
segments 6 lines long, 5 lines broad; disk striate, crenate on the margin.

17. ANGADENIA Atmapensts, nob. : Echites Almadensis, Stadelm. l. c. p. 28; A. DC. I. c. p. 464: Ambly-
anthera palustris, var. Almadensis, Müll. l. c. p. 146. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia et Pernambuco: v. s.
in herb. Mus. Brit. prov. Pernambuco (Gardn. 1060).

A species with subhirsute branches, having remote axils; leaves obovately oblong,
narrowing towards the base and there auriculately cordate, cuspidate-acuminate, sub-
membranaceous, with revolute margins, light green and opake above, scabridulous or
adpressed pilosulous, with immersed nerves, beneath flavescent and opake, hirtulous, with
prominulent slender nerves, 2-5 in. long, 14-3 in. broad, on petioles 8-15 lines long;
raceme lateral, 4 in. long, sparsely hirsute, bearing many flowers, on pedicels 3 lines
long; sepals lanceolate, membranaceous, 24 lines long, with an inner deltoid bidenticu-
late scale; corolla 24 in. long, glabrous, reddish-coloured ; tube cylindrical as far as the
middle, then funnel-shaped ; segments inequilaterally oblong, subacute, dextrorsely conyo-
lute, marked near the base and within the tube with many interrupted yellow lines ;
stamens inserted at the contraction of the tube in a narrow pilose ring ; anthers coherent,
acuminate, and nearly reaching the mouth, acutely biaristate at the base; disk fleshy,
striate, denticulate on the margin, half the length of the 2 oblong ovaries; style fili-
form ; clavuncle oblong, with a peltate membrane at its base. E,

A

180 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

18. ANGADENIA ELLIPTICA, nob. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Paranaguá (Gardner 2663).

A climbing species, with slender, striate, glabrous branchlets, with axils 1-2 in.
apart ; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, suddenly and shortly acute at the sum-
mit, submembranaceous, rufescent and shining above, with a pale slender midrib and
nerves, palish green and opake beneath, obsoletely puberulous, with prominulent mid-
rib and nerves, 23 in. long, 14 in. broad, on very slender petioles 4 lines long; raceme
lateral, not more than 1 in. long, bearing about 5 flowers; sepals oblong, subobtuse,
with pellucid margins; tube of corolla 5 lines long; segments oblong, 3 lines long;
anthers acuminate, bifurcate at the base; disk urceolate, striate, denticulate on the
margin.

19. Ancapents BERTERII, nob.: Echites Berterii, A. DC. l. c. p. 447 ; Schlecht. in Linn. xxvi. p. 665:
Rhabdadenia Berterii, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 485. In insula San Domingo: non vidi.

A climbing plant, with retrorsely hispidulous branches ; leaves approximate, elliptic-
obovate, subacute at both ends, mucronulate, coriaceous, glabrous, 11—2 in. long, 10-12
lines broad, on petioles scarcely 2 lines long; raceme terminal, many-flowered, glabrous ;
pedicels 5-6 lines long, with bracts 1 line long; sepals narrow, acutely lanceolate,
24 lines long, each with 2 small inner scales; corolla yellowish, 13 in. long; tube nar-
row below for the length of 4 lines, dilated above, pilose within the mouth; stamens
inserted in the contraction of the tube, on a pilose ring; anthers biaristate; disk
tubular, narrowed and crenate in the mouth, near 1 line long; style simple; clavuncle
incrassate, 5-grooved, dilated at the base; stigmata small, slender.

This plant appears to conform to Angadenia, on account of the shape of the disk and
other characters ; it appears to have little affinity with Rhabdadenia.

20. Ancapenta LINDENIANA, nob. : Rhabdadenia Lindeniana, inclus. var. angustifolia, Müll. l c. p. 438.
In Cuba: v. s. in herb. meo (Linden 1699. No. 1700 et 1823 mihi invisa).

A very slender climbing species, with axils 1-3 in. apart, and bearing two minute
stipules on each face; the leaves are elliptic-oblong, roundish at the base, constricted at
the summit into an acute subrecurving acumen, darkish opake green above, with revo-
lute margins, sulcate along the midrib, nerves immersed, ferruginously opake beneath,
with prominent midrib and prominulent fine nerves, 1-1} in. long, 4-7 lines broad, on
scabridulous petioles 1-1} line long; panicle lateral, glabrous, on a bare, slender deflected
peduncle 12-15 lines long, divided at its apex into 2 floriferous branches of nearly the
same length, bearing each about 7 alternate flowers, on pedicels 3-5 lines long, with a
small setaceous bract ; sepals acutely lanceolate, with membranaceous margins ; tube of
corolla narrow at the base for one third of its length, swelling above, glabrous; segments
dolabriform, simply folded dextrorsely in «estivation, expanding horizontally; stamens
seated at the contraction of the tube; anthers cohering, dorsally hispidulous, acuminate,
biaristate at the base; disk cylindrical, margin 5-crenate, concealing the 2 ovaries ;
style slender; clavuncle incrassate, 5-grooved, with a dilated basal membrane; stig-
mata short, terminal.

In Linden’s No. 1700 and 1823 (which 1 have not seen) the leaves are somewhat larger,
but all the characters are essentially the same.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 181

21. ANGADENIA Sacra, nob.: Echites Sagrei, A. DC. l.c. p. 450; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. pp. 415, 416 :
Rhabdadenia Sagrei, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 435. In Cuba: non vidi.

A species bearing much the appearance of Mesechites myrtifolia; it has extremely
slender scabridulous branches, pilose towards the ends; opposite ovate-oblong leaves,
narrowly cordate at the base, acute and mucronate at the apex, margins revolute, cori-
aceous, glabrous, with immersed nerves, 6-9 lines long, 4-5 lines broad, on very short
petioles; raceme terminal, shortly pedunculate, bearing at its apex 3-4 alternate
flowers on pedicels 4—6 lines long, with subrevolute bracts 1 line long; flowers 9-10 lines
long; sepals acutely ovate, glabrous, 13 line long; tube of corolla 3 lines long, narrower
below the middle, swelling above; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube ;
anthers pilose behind; disk urceolate, with undulate margins, as long as the 2 ovaries ;
follicles very slender, terete, 3—4 in. long.

22. ANGADENIA VALENZUELANA, nob. : Echites Valenzuelana, Rich. Pl. Cub. ; Griseb. in Pl. Wright. Cub.
p. 520: Rhabdadenia Wrightiana, Müll. l. c. p. 438. In Cuba, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Monte :
Verde (Wright 399).

A species, according to Grisebach, near 4. Lindeniana; it also approaches 4. Sagrei
in habit. A small tree, with very slender, dichotomous, compressed, dark-red cinereo-
glabrous branches, with axils 3 lines apart; opposite lanceolate leaves, cuneately nar-
rowed upon the petiole, roundly obtuse and emarginate at the apex, chartaceous, with
revolute margins, glabrous, nitid, dark green above, corrugulate, sulcate along the
midrib, opake and dealbate beneath, with immersed darkish nerves and reticulated veins
1-13 in. long, 5-6 lines broad, on slender channelled petioles 13 line long; raceme lateral,
nearly as long as the leaves, depauperated, with 2 flowers on slender pedicels 4% lines
- long; flowers rose-coloured ; sepals ovate, obtuse, 2 lines long; corolla 94 lines long; tube

contracted below the middle; segments paler, rhombic ovoid, 34 lines long ; stamens seated

` in the contraction of the tube; anthers hispidulous behind; follicles 2, erect, terete, slightly

arcuate, 42 in. long, 14 line thick; seeds many, pale brown, linear oblong, compressed,

with white verrucular stripes on the back, pale (with a raphe) on the ventral side, 3 lines
long, with a simple coma of the same length.

This species is referred by Benth. & Hook. (Gen. ii. 725) to Mandevilla ; but this refer-

ence cannot be maintained.

23. Ancapenia Havanensis, nob.: Rhabdadenia Cubensis, Müll. l. c. p. 435. In Cuba, Saltadero (Lin-
den 1716) : non vidi.

A species near A. Cubensis, with extremely slender, fuscous, patently pubescent
branches ; leaves linear-lanceolate, suddenly contracted and obtuse at the base, acute
at the apex, membranaceous, dark olive-green above, subglabrous, rufescent beneath, and
pubescent on the midrib, 1-12 in. long, 2-3 lines broad, on petioles 1 line long; raceme
lateral, subglabrous, longer than the leaves, pedunculate, bearing above 6-8 flowers on
alternate slender pedicels 4} lines long, with a minute acute basal bract ; sepals ovate,
acute, 6 lines long, imbricate, with 1 or 2 subulate inner scales; corolla 1-17 in. long ;
. tube narrow below the middle, campanulate above; segments inequilaterally oblique,
near half the length of the tube; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube;

182 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

anthers dorsally hispid; disk urceolate, submembranaceous on the margin, which is ere-
nulate, exceeding the 2 acutely ovoid ovaries.

24. ANGADENIA Cusensis, nob. : Echites Cubensis, Griseb. in Revis. Pl. Cub. Cat. No. 1887. In Cuba:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuba (Wright 2955).

A species very near 4. Lindeniana; a subscandent plant, with more remote axils;
leaves roundish, scarcely cordate, acute, dark green above, with paler margins, pallid
brown beneath, with immersed nerves 12-12 in. long, 7-8 lines broad, on petioles 1 line
long; inflorescence not stated; sepals acute, with 2 small acute inner scales; tube of
corolla 7 lines long, narrow below the middle, widening upwards ; segments dolabriform,
dextrorsely convolute, 6 lines long, 5 lines broad, unequally expanded ; stamens inserted
in the contraction of the tube; anthers glabrous, acute, shortly 2-lobed at the base, on
shortish pilose filaments; disk tubular, subconical, submembranaceous, 5-sulcate.

25. ANGADENIA PRIEURII, nob.: Echites Prieurii, A. DC. l. c. p. 458: Amblyanthera Prieurii, Müll. in
Linn. xxx. p. 448. In Guiana Gallica (Le Prieur 241) : non vidi.

A species with tortuous, scabridly pubescent branches; leaves elliptic, subcordate,
acuminate, coriaceous, very glabrous, shining above, velutinous beneath, 3 in. long, 14-
16 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long; peduncle shorter than the leaves, bearing many
densely congested flowers, on pedicels a little shorter than the calyx; sepals acutely
ovate, puberulous outside, each with an inner obtuse scale; corolla hypocrateriform, gla-
brous; tube narrowly cylindrical, contracted in the mouth, 10-11 lines long, with a
ring of retrorse hairs above the middle ; segments half as long as the tube; stamens in-
serted in the pilose ring; anthers acute; disk urceolate, nearly entire or undulate on

the margin; follicles 2, erect, torulose, glabrous, 3-4 in. long; seeds with a rufescent
coma.

26. ANGADENIA PANDURATA, nob.: Echites pandurata, A. DC. l. c. p. 458: Amblyanthera pandurata,
Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 448. Ad Oaxaca (Andrieux 245) : non vidi.

A species with pubescent branches; leaves fiddle-shaped, lower portion broader and
cordate, shortly acuminate, pubescent, membranaceous, undulate, hoary beneath, 2-4 in.
long, 14-2 in. broad, on petioles 6-9 lines long; racemes shorter than the leaves, simple,
pubescent, bearing many flowers on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals obtusely ovate; corolla
14 in. long, glabrous ; tube narrowly cylindrical, a little swollen above; segments half
its length ; stamens inserted on a pilose ring at the contraction of the tube; anthers ob-
tusely bilobed at the base; disk cylindrical, 5-striate, shorter than the ovaries.

PERICTENIA *.

This genus is proposed for a handsome Peruvian plant of Spruce's collection, distri-
buted under the name of Echites stipellaris. This approaches Dipladenia in habit ; its
axils are furnished with a pectiniform ring of long stipules, as in Mandevilla; the seg-
ments of the corolla are elongated horizontally, and introplicate in sestivation, so that
their tips descend into and far below the mouth of the tube, as in Bonafousia.

* From repl (circum), «reis ( pecten), from the pectiniform ring of stipules at the nodes.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 183

PERICTENIA, nob. Sepala 5, subparva, oblonga, obtusa, valde imbricata, marginibus submembranaceis,
singula intus squamulis 2 acute 2-dentatis munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus longe et
anguste cylindrieus, supra breviter ampliatus; segmenta 5, pro tertia parte trapeziformia, subito
angustata et Jonge horizontaliter protensa, rotata, in estivatione inflexa et intra tubum descendentia,
dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5, paullo supra basin tubi inserta; filamenta brevia, retrorsum niveo-
pilosa ; anthere lineares, acutissimee, dorso pilosul, imo in furcas 2 longe aristatas tenuissimas fisse.
Discus urceolatus, sub medium in lobos 5 oblongos obtusos pilosulos divisus. Ovaria 2, parva,
globosa, dense niveo-hispidula, disco inclusa ; stylus brevis, validiusculus ; clavuncula incrassata, 5-sul-
cata, imo indusiata ; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia.

Frutex Peruvianus subhumilis, erectus; stipule plurime, aristato-lanceolate, ad nodos pectinatim site ;
folia pauca, opposita, ovata, utrinque acuta, breviter petiolata ; racemi folio multibreviores, pauciflori,
simpliciter vel opposite axillares et terminales, pedunculati; flores speciosi, breviter pedicellati, brac-
teolati.

PERICTENIA STIPELLARIS, nob.: Echites stipellaris, Spruce, MSS. Caule erecto, rigido, fistuloso, valde
compresso, profunde 4-sulcato, fusco, brevissime rufo-hirtello, lenticellis longis flavidis notato ;
axillis 3, floriferis, ad nodos dilatatos stipulis plurimis setaceo-linearibus pectinatim erectis munitis :
folis late ovatis, imo subacutis, apice in acumen brevissimum obtusulum repente constrictis, mar-
ginibus subundulatis, supra viridibus, ad costam et nervos pilosulis, nervis recte divaricatis et
arcuatim nexis, subtus flavide opacis, pubescentibus, costa nervisque prominulis ; petiolis profunde
canaliculatis, quam stipule haud longioribus: paniculis axillaribus, oppositis aut solitariis, vel termina-
libus ; pedunculo longiusculo, flavide tomentoso, tereti, apice incrassato et hic brevissime dichotomo ;
ramis bibracteolatis, crebriter paucifloris ; floribus ut in char. generico. In Peruvia alta: v. s. in
herb. meo ex Tarapota (Spruce 4900).

A very peculiar plant, with much the habit of Dipladenia Gardneriana. Its erect
fistular stem, nearly 10 in. long, is bare at its base for the length of 6 in., the upper
portion being interrupted by 3 foliiferous nodes 13, 1, and ¿ in. apart respectively, each node
being furnished with a ring of 12 aristiform stipules 5-6 lines long (3 placed close together
on each side of the petiole); opposite leaves 5-53 in. long 3-33 in. broad, on petioles
5 lines long; opposite peduncles 13-2 in. long, 8-flowered; 2 divaricating branches
4-4) lines long; bracts half that length; pedicels 3 or 4 close together, 3 lines long,
pilose, bibracteolate; sepals 2% lines long, obtuse, pilosulous on both sides, with
membranaceous margins; corolla glabrous; tube 16 lines long, 2 lines broad, swelling
towards the mouth to a breadth of 4 lines; segments 10 lines long; stamens inserted
1 line above the base of the tube; slender anthers 43 lines long; filaments as long as
the aciculate basal prongs.

A representation of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are given in Plate XXVIII.

MANDEVILLA.

This genus was established in 1840 by Dr. Lindley, upon a single species, the only
one hitherto known ; it was figured and described by him and Sir Wm. Hooker, by both
from living plants. It was not adopted by De Candolle; but Endlicher accepted it. It
has more lately been acknowledged by the authors of the ‘Genera Plantarum,’ but upon
terms which cannot be admitted; for they absorb into it the Amblyanthera of Müller, a
valid genus, utterly discordant with it. Mandevilla is distinguished from the latter by

184 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCXNACEX.

its much more slender habit, its branches very weak, twining, or simply sub-
dichotomous, furnished at its rather remote nodes with a pectinate ring of fleshy
slender stipules; the inflorescence is lateral and pendulous, upon an elongated bare
peduncle, bearing above a few large campanulate laxly secund flowers, upon pedicels
without bracts, thus differing from the peculiar characteristics of Amblyanthera.

MaxprvinLA, Lindl. Sepala 5, lanceolato- vel lineari-oblonga (quorum 1 sepe latius), erecta, intus ad
basin squamula lata pectinatim denticulata vel ciliata munita. Corolla tubulosa; fubus imo anguste
cylindricus, superne campanulatim inflatus; segmenta late dolabriformia, dextrorsum convoluta.
Stamina 5, in contractionem tubi inserta; filamenta retrorsum hispida; anthere lineares, apice
membrana apiculate, imo breviter 2-lobe, in conum conniventes. Discus urceolatus, membra-
naceus aut carnosus, margine ad tertiam vel dimidiam partem 5fidus, ovariis subbrevior. Ovaria
2, libera. Stylus filiformis ; clavuncula oblonga, 5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata expansa ; stigmata
2, parva, terminalia, Folliculi 2, longi, teretes; semina plurima, oblonga, compressa, raphe longi-
tudinali signata; coma apicalis, molliter sericea, expansa, testa triplo longior.

Frutex 4merice meridionalis, volubilis vel scandens ; ramuli subtenues, axillis dilatatis, stipulis plu-
rimis aculissimis pectinatim erectis munit; folia petiolata, ovato-oblonga, imo sepe cordata, subtus
plerumque pubescentes; racemi azillares aut terminales, longe pedunculati, interdum abortione ad
florem unicum reducti ; flores pedicellati, speciosi, albi vel coccinei.

MANDEVILLA SUAVEOLENS, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvi. p. 36, tab. 7; Hook. Bot. Mag. 67, tab. 3797;
Paxton Mag. 16, tab. 290; Endl. Gen. Suppl. i. p. 1396: Echites suaveolens, A. DC. (non Mart. €
Gall.), Prodr. viii. p. 452. In Buenos Ayres cult.: non vidi.

A twining plant, with large odoriferous flowers, sent home by Tweedie in 1840, from
Buenos Ayres, where he found it cultivated under the name of Jasmin de Chile. It has
subglabrous branches about the thickness of a erow's quill, with axils 34 in. apart, fur-
nished on each side with 6 acute fleshy stipules 2 lines long, united in a pectinate ring;
leaves oblong, cordate at the base, acute, submembranaceous, glabrous above, paler beneath
and glaucous, with hairy tufts in the axils of the brown nerves, the veins very reticulate,
23 in. long, 12 in. broad, the basal sinus 2-3 lines deep, on petioles 1-2 lines long;
raceme lateral, pendent, on a glabrous peduncle bare at its base for 2 in., bearing above
several alternate flowers on ebracteate secund pedicels about 4-4 in. apart, 9 lines long;
flowers cream-coloured, odoriferous, 24 in. long; sepals lanceolate, erect, subimbricate,
4 lines long, each with a broad pectinate scale within, as long as the disk; tube of
corolla 1j in. long, narrowed cylindrically at the base for half its length; segments
dextrorsely convolute, broadly dolabriform, the sinister angle acute, sinuate above,
rounded, 1 in. long, 9 lines broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, on a
densely pilose ring; filaments retrorsely hispid ; anthers oblong, cohering, with a mem-
branaceous apex, obtusely bilobed at the base; style slender; clavuncle incrassate,
oblong, 5-grooved, with a basal peltate membrane ; stigmata 2, small, erect; disk of 5
fleshy, oblong, truncate lobes, shorter than the 2 pointed oblong ovaries; follicles 2,
terete, parallel, pendent, 1-14 foot long; seeds with an apical coma.

AMBLYANTHERA.

This genus, proposed by Miller in 1860, has not been acknowledged by other botanists.
The name was given on account of the short, obtuse, basal lobes of its anthers—a cha-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE. 185

racter of no distinctive value, as this is also seen in many other genera. As mentioned
in a preceding page (p. 183), Amblyanthera was suppressed by the authors of the * Genera
Plantarum’ (ii. p. 726), and absorbed into Mandevilla, which is an essentially different
genus: in the former the plants are very bushy, the branches wanting the peculiar
stipules of the latter; the only plant known of Mandevilla is, on the contrary, a very
slender climber, with a different inflorescence. Amblyanthera has a condensed panicle
of many flowers, on short pedicels hidden by large, broad, foliaceous bracts, much imbri-
cated—a feature only approached by Laseguea, where the bracts are linear and very
narrow. Amblyanthera, however, when properly restricted, constitutes a very good genus.
Moller evidently was not aware that, besides the basal lobes, the rest of each anther is
formed upon a peculiar plan; the want of this knowledge led him to unite with it a host
of heterogeneous species, a list of which is here appended. Müller, in his illustrations of
Amblyanthera, gives a correct representation of one of the species in his plate 45; but his
plate 44 represents a very different plant, which I have referred to my genus Mitozus.

The following is an amended diagnosis of the genus, according to my own observa-
tions.

AMBLYANTHERa, Müll. (in parte), char. emendato. Sepala 5, acutissime lineari-lanceolata, erecta, sub-
membranacea, paulo quincuncialiter imbricata, intus squamula deltoidea vel ovata insequaliter
lacinulata singulatim munita. Corolla majuscula ; tubus cylindricus, sub medium angustatus, intus
ad constrictionem lineis 5, vel annulo retrorsum piloso donatus, superne campanulatus ; segmenta 5,
dolabriformia, angulo sinistro acuta, latere altero horizontaliter rotundata, sstivatione dextrorsum
convoluta, demum expansa, tubo breviora. Stamina 5, inclusa, annulo piloso insita ; filamenta sub-
brevia, linearia; anthere longiuscule; connectivum membranaceum, late lineare, coloratum, apice
acutum, medio loculis 2 parvis ovatis collateralibus polliniferis signatum, margine sub medium
callo magno incrassatum ; callus superne hippocrepiformis, inferne truncatus et in lobulos 2 breves
obtusos fissus. Discus urceolatus, carnosus, usque ad medium in lobos 5 obtusos fissus; ovaria
2, acute oblonga, disco paullo longiora; stylus filiformis; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, longi-
tudine 5-glandulosa, imo appendice membranacea signata, mox ad antheras adglutinata, his hinc
in conum coherentibus ; stigmata 2, parva, acuta, terminalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, torulosi, sub-
arcuati, apice interdum nexi, valde pilosi ; placente e marginibus suture ventralis introflexis, anguste
lineares; semina plurima oblonga, ad ventrem concavum raphe longitudinali signata; coma pilis
rufulis sericeis 2-3plo longioribus coronata. bt

Frutices plerumque Brasilienses, valde ramosi ; ramuli sepe fistulosi, flexuose subscandentes, hirsuti,
cum axillis remotis; folia opposita, oblonga, imo sepius cordata, acuminata, eglandulosa, puosc
vel subhirsuta, petiolata ; racemi singulatim laterales; pedunculus elongatus, EE ae
pluriflorus ; pedicelli breves, imo bracteati ; bractea magna, foliosa, ovata, longe cuspidata, siio,
pedicello 3—4plo longior ; flores majusculi, coccinei vel lutescentes, sepius extus niveo-tomentosi.

l. AMBLYANTHERA HIRSUTA, nob.: Echites hirsuta, Velloz, Fl. Flum. p. 113, Icon. iii. tab. 44 (non R.
& Sch., nec Stadelm. nec Hook.) : Echites Fluminensis, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 452: Amblyanthere
Fluminensis (in parte), Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 149. In prov. Rio de Janeiro, Boa Vista, circa
Itagoahy (Velloz) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie € Cunningham, in flore et fructu).

The above specimen, from the same locality, is quite in accordance with Velloz’s draw-
ing in regard to the length of the internodes, the size and shape of the leaves, and the
character of the inflorescence, differing only in the fruit, which corresponds with that of

the genus as given by Müller. Velloz’s drawing of the follicle is that of an Asclepiad, az
2 B

186 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

he himself indicated, and is probably that of an undescribed Schubertia, the plants of
which much resemble those of Amblyanthera. This species is confounded by Müller
with his 4. Fluminensis; but the two species are very distinct. This has scandent, flexuous,
hirsutulous branches, the axils being 34-44 in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, a little
narrower towards the base, where they are auriculately cordate and eglandulose, rather
suddenly acuminate at the summit, fuscous green above, opake, hirsutely pubescent,
with about 11 pairs of patently divaricate fine immersed nerves, yellowish brown and
opake, beneath more densely hirto-pubescent (with simple hairs), more especially on the
scarcely prominulent midrib and nerves, 3-4 in. long (including the basal lobes 2 lines
deep), 12-13 in. broad, on rather slender patent pubescent petioles 6 lines long; raceme
lateral at the nodes, 3 in. long, hirsutulous, on a somewhat patent peduncle bare at the
base for 1 inch, bearing above about 6 alternate flowers on stoutish tomentous pedicels
3 lines long, each supported by an oblong elliptic stipate bract acuminate at the
summit, hirsutulous, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad; sepals narrowly subulate, lanceolate,
membranaceous, smooth inside, tomentous, with white hairs outside, 3 lines long, 1 line
broad at the base, ciliate on the margins, with an inner multilacinulate scale; corolla
scarlet, niveo-lanate in the bud; tube afterwards sparsely pubescent, yellowish within,
cylindrical, campanulate above the middle, 9-10 lines long; segments dolabriform,
acute at one angle, plicately crenate along the margin, reddish yellow, subglabrous,
5 lines long and broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, upon 5 densely
lanate niveous lines; anthers 1 line long, with a scarlet connective pointed at the summit,
obtusely emarginate or shortly bilobed at the base, cohering in a cone round the cla-
vuncle; disk half cleft into 5 emarginate lobes, shorter than the 2 pointed pubescent
ovaries ; follicles torulously terete, very arcuate and conjoined at the apex, hirsute,
43 in. long, 2 lines broad; seeds many, pilose, oblong, compressed, 3 lines long, crowned
by an erect reddish coma 9 lines long.

2. AMBLYANTHERA FLUMINENSIS, Müll. /. c. p. 148, tab. 45 (excl. sen). In prov. Rio de Janeiro ad
Oliveira, in Serra de Macacú et in mont. Organensibus : non vidi.

A more lax species than the preceding, and confounded with it. It has fuscous flexuous
branches clothed with yellowish hispid hairs, the axils being 6-61 in. apart; leaves
elliptic-oblong, gradually narrower below the middle, auriculately cordate at the base,
truncate and mucronate at the apex, or with a short, rather blunt acumen, submem-
branaceous, above green, opake, subpilose on both sides, ciliate on the margins, with
15 pairs of subascending nerves, beneath reddish, opake, patently hispidulous along the
prominulent midrib and nerves, 31—6 in. long, 12-23 in. broad, on hirsute petioles 3-44
lines long; a lateral raceme at the nodes, densely pubescent, 4 in. long, on a thickish
peduncle bare below for 2 in., bearing upwards 6 or 7 alternate flowers about 3 lines
apart, on pedicels 3 lines long, supported by as many foliaceous bracts, rhomboidally ovate,
subacute at the base, narrowly acuminate, pubescent, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad ; sepals
subulately lanceolate, externally pilose, ciliate on the margins, 5 lines long, 1 line broad
at the base, each with an internal semicircular denticulate scale; a handsome corolla,
niveo-pilose outside ; tube cylindrical below the middle, campanular above, 13 lines long;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE®, 187

segments dolabriform, with a prominent tooth at the sinister angle, membranaceous,
8 lines long, 7 lines broad, sigmoidly shaped above; stamens seated on a woolly ring in
the middle of the tube; stamens as in the preceding; disk and other parts as in the
generic character; follicles unknown.

3. AMBLYANTHERA CLAUSSENII, nob. : Echites Fluminensis, var. Claussenii, A. DC. l.c. p. 452: Amblyan-
thera Fluminensis, var. Claussenii, Müll. l. c. p. 149. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés ad Cachoeira
do Campo (Claussen) : v. s. in herb. meo (Claussen 250).

A climbing plant, with flexuous, slender, patently pubescent, fistulous branches, 1 line
thick, with axils 41—7 in. apart, rarely with a very slender, unilateral, very pubescent
branchlet ; leaves ovate, rounded and deeply cordate at the base, with rounded lobes,
contracted below the apex into a subulately linear recurving acumen, fuscous green and
opake above, remotely hispid with rigid hairs bulbose at the base, patently cano-
hirsutulous along the midrib, with about 16 pairs of divergent nerves and others shorter
and intermediate, with transversely reticulated veins, ciliate on the margins, paler
beneath, and more densely hispidulous, especially on the nerves, 21-44 in. long (in-
cluding the basal lobes 3 lines long), 11-2 in. broad, on retrorsely hispid petioles 2 lines
long; raceme solitary, lateral at the nodes, 3—4 in. long, patently hirsute, on a stoutish
divergent peduncle bare at the base for 1-12 in., bearing upwards about 12 alternate
flowers on hirsute pedicels 2 lines long, each supported by a large foliaceous ovate bract,
substipate at the base, with an elongated, very narrow, incurved linear point, with coloured
nerves, densely pubescent beneath, 10 lines long, 4 lines broad ; sepals subulately linear,
very acute, with a reddish membranaceous margin, smooth inside, puberulous outside, 6
lines long, 1 line broad at the base; corolla of a deep scarlet colour when in bud, densely
clothed with white woolly hairs, afterwards subglabrous; tube cylindrical as far as the
middle, funnel-shaped above, 10 lines long ; segments rhomboidal, much veined, uncinately
acute at the sinister angle, horizontally spreading on the dexter side, 6 lines long, 4 lines
broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, on a densely woolly niveous ring.

A representation of this species, with an analysis of its flower, is shown in Plate XXV.

4. AMBLYANTHERA HISPIDA, Müll. 7. c. p. 147, tab. 44. fig. 2. In Brasilia australiore: v. s. in herb. Mus.
Brit. sine loco (Sellow, in fructu).

A climbing species, with simple, terete, flexuous, hirsute branches; leaves oblong-
ovate, narrower below the middle, deeply cordate at the base, with rounded lobes, gra-
dually or more suddenly acuminate, chartaceous, fuscously olive-coloured above, opake,
subsparsely hispid, with adpressed soft hairs seated upon prominent rugous points, with
about 12 pairs of divergent semi-immersed nerves, ferruginously pallid and opake be-
neath, densely hirsutulous, especially on the midrib and nerves, and on the transverse
veins with patent more rigid hairs, 43-53 in. long, 2}-2% in. broad, on patently hispid
petioles 5 lines long; raceme (according to Miller) axillary, as long as the leaves,
pubescent, on a peduncle bare at the base for 14 in., bearing several flowers on stout
subreflected pedicels, supported by as many linear-lanceolate pubescent bracts as long
as the pedicel and calyx; sepals linear-lanceolate, subpubescent, 33-44 lines long, 1 line

broad at the base, each with an inner, ovate, subcrenate scale; tube of corolla cylin-
2B 2

188 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE,

drical, more slender in the middle, campanular above, white externally, yellow inside
with reddish stripes, pubescent outside, 17 lines long; segments dolabriform, puberulous
outside, acute at the sinister angle, horizontally expanded on the other, 7 lines long and
broad, deeply sigmoid on the upper margin ; follicles arcuate, torulosely terete, conjoined
at the apex, sparsely clothed with long yellow hairs, 53 in. long; seeds numerous, ob-
long, dorsally convex and puberulous, deeply channelled on the ventral face, and there
marked by a white longitudinal raphe nearly reaching the base, 4 lines long, 1 line
broad, with a reddish sericeous apical coma 9 lines long.

A drawing of the follicles, and the analysis of the seed, are given in Plate XXV.
figs. 13 to 18.

5. AMBLYANTHERA OVATA, nob.: ramis simplicibus, scandentibus, flexuosis, fistulosis, pallide brunneis,
pubescentibus ; axillis remotis: folis late ovatis, imo rotundatis, integris et subplicatis, aut vix
cordatis, apice emarginatis aut subito in acumen acutum constrictis, supra fusco-viridibus, opacis,
breviter adpresse hirtulis, pilis imo scabridule bulbosis, nervis tenuissimis utrinque circa 15 subpatule
divaricatis, subtus flavide opacis, dense et breviter tomentosis, costa nervisque prominulis molliter
hirsutis, venis conspicue transversis et reticulatis; petiolis tenuibus, puberulis, quam limbus 3-4plo
brevioribus : racemo solitario, ad nodos laterali, quam folium 2plo longiore ; pedunculo valido, pro
tertia parte basali nudo, superne valde incrassato et alternatim plurifloro ; pedicellis brevibus, sub-
reflexis, puberulis, bracteis ovalibus tomentosis suffultis ; sepalis subparvis, lanceolatis, puberulis ;
corolla nondum explicata flavida, undique molliter niveo-lanata; tubo cylindrico medio angustiore,
superne vix inflato. In Bolivia? v. s. in herb. meo, sine loco.

A distinct species, with branches 1 line thick, the axils 4-6 in. apart; leaves 22-24
in. long, 13—2 in. broad, on slender petioles 8-9 lines long; raceme 4 in. long, on a stout
peduncle 1j line thick below, 2 lines thick above, bare at the base for 1 in.; flowers
alternate, 3 lines apart, on pedicels 2 lines long, supported by oval bracts 4 lines long;
sepals 23 lines long; corolla in bud 13 in. long; tube 11 lines long; follicles (in a very
immature state) densely niveo-tomentous.

6. AMBLYANTHERA CILIATA, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 146; Linn. xxxi. p. 449: Echites ciliata, Stad. Bot.
Zeit. 1861, p. 32; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 459. In prov. Bahia, ad Caiteté: non vidi.

A. elimbing species with glabrous branches, and patent branchlets hispidulous towards
their base, with remote axils; leaves oblong-ovate, narrowed and cordate at the base,
acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, glabrous above, with about 11 pairs of slightly
arching and very slender reticulated veins, ciliate on the margins, paler beneath, hispid
along the midrib and nerves, 31—5 in. long, 11-21 in. broad, on petioles 6-10 lines long,
the upper pairs shortest ; raceme axillary, erect, on a short peduncle, with many flowers
on rigid puberulous pedicels 2 lines long, supported by narrow, linear-lanceolate, long-
acuminate bracts with ciliate margins 11 lines long; sepals oyate-lanceolate, long-acumi-
nate, margins ciliate, 32 lines long, each with a small ovate inner scale; tube of corolla
12 lines long, cylindrical below, subcampanulate above the middle; segments subtrapezoid
ovate, 1j line long; disk of 5 truncate-ovate concave lobes, shorter than the ovaries;
follicles torulose, glabrous, 4 in. long, 24 lines broad; seeds as long as the coma.

A species probably belonging to Laseguea.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEEX. 189

7. AMBLYANTHERA Dnmiporsr, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 420. In Bolivia (Bridges, Cuming 120): non
vidi.

A glabrous plant, with spreading verruculose branchlets ; leaves oblong-ovate, or ovate-
lanceolate, or ovate, cordate at the base, with a long acumen, membranaceous, glabrous
above, with 6-8 pairs of divergent prominulent nerves nearly conjoined close to the
margins, with reticulated, pellucid, fuscous veins, 23—4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on
petioles 73 lines long ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, glabrous, on a peduncle
33 in. long, bearing laxly many flowers, on glabrous pedicels 7-9 lines long, supported
by sublinear subglabrous bracteoles 34-44 lines long; sepals narrow, linear-lanceolate,
subglabrous, of the same length, each with an inner, deeply bifid, subulate scale; corolla
in bud 12 in. long; tube narrowed below, contracted in the middle; segments dimi-
diato-obovate, length unknown; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube on a
retrorsely pilose ring; disk of 5 truncately ovate lobes, three times shorter than the
oblong-ovoid acuminate ovaries.

A species also probably belonging to Laseguea.

8, AMBLYANTHERA MonrrZiaNa, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 421. In Columbia (Moritz 31) : non vidi.

A scandent species, with hirto-pubescent branches and branchlets; leaves broadly
ovate, or obovate, cordate at the base, with a short acumen, rigidly membranaceous,
with 5-6 pairs of divergent prominulent nerves and transverse veins, 22-42 in. long,
13-23 in. broad, on petioles 7 lines long; racemes axillary, a little longer than the
leaves, glabrous, on a peduncle 14 in. long, bearing many flowers 1$ in. long on pedicels
4-6 lines long, supported by linear spathulate bracts 1 in. long; sepals acuminately
oblong, rugous outside at the base, each with an inner crenately dentate truncate
scale; tube of corolla narrow as far as the middle, dilated upwards ; segments obovoid,
less than half the length of the tube; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube;
anthers short, glabrous; disk of 5 oblong lobes, connate at the base, nearly as long as
the glabrous eylindrically ovoid ovaries.

9. AMBLYANTHERA SCHLIMII, Müll. l. c. p. 419.
575) : non vidi.

A species differing from the preceding in its smaller, narrow, lanceolate leaves and
shorter racemes; its slender fuscous branches are pubescently hirtous, 1-13 line thick ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subcordate at the base, narrowing above into an obtuse
acumen, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, blackish, shining, reticulately rugous, covered
beneath with velutinous, woolly, white or yellowish hairs, with 15-18 pairs of horizon-
tally-spreading nerves, 15-23 in. long, 23-44 lines broad, on petioles 1-13 line long;
racemes lateral, shorter than the leaves, on a short peduncle bearing many dense
flowers on pedicels supported by triangularly ovate acuminate bracts ; sepals trian-
gularly ovate, acuminate, subcarinate, 1 line long, each with an inner, deltoid, denticu-
late scale; corolla in the whole 1 in. long, yellow; tube narrowly cylindrical for half its
length, dilating above, pubescent or glabrous; segments obliquely ovate, acute on one
edge, much shorter than the tube; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, upon

In Nova Granada, prov. Ocanna (Linden, Schlim

190 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

a retrorsely pilose ring; disk cup-shaped, half-cleft into 5 lobes, nearly as long as the
glabrous oblong-ovoid ovaries.

10. AMBLYANTRERA FENDLERI, Müll. /. c. p. 417. In Venezuela, prope Tovar (Fendler 1032) : non vidi.

A species, from its densely bracteate brush-like raceme, evidently belonging to this
genus, with which it agrees in its other characters. It has griseo-pubescent branches,
darkish branchlets 1-13 line thick; leaves narrow-lanceolate, cordate at the base, gra-
dually acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, palish green above, glabrous, shining, witb
9-12 pairs of diverging straight nerves arcuately conjoined, veinless, cano-pubescent
beneath, 23-3} in. long, 7-94 lines broad, on petioles 13-3 lines long; racemes axillary,
a little longer than the leaves, on a short peduncle bearing many dense flowers on alter-
nate pedicels, thicker above, 3 lines long, the lower ones caducous, supported by linear-
lanceolate acuminate bracts 5 lines long; sepals ovate-acuminate, puberulous, each
with an inner oblong lacinulate scale; corolla in the whole 12 in. long; tube narrowly
cylindrical for two thirds its length, campanulate above, pilose; segments shorter,

broadly ovate; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube; disk 5-cleft, as long as
the smooth ovoid ovaries.

ll. AmBLYANTHERA SPRUCEANA, Müll. Fl. Br. xxvi. p. 143: Echites Javitensis, Benth. (non Kunth) MSS.
Prope Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2863): non vidi.

It is an erect plant, with glabrous, rigid, angular branches, and subtomentellous
branchlets ; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse at the base, shortly acuminate, subcoriaceous,
fuscous green above, glabrous or scabridly hirtellous, with about 12 pairs of divergent
dark-red nerves and reticulated veins, sparsely subhirtellous beneath, 23-34 in. long, 1-14
in. broad, on slender petioles 5-7 lines long; raceme subterminal, in young state 24 in.
long, puberulous, with a simple, straight, stout peduncle 11-13 line thick, bearing many
densely spicate flowers, which are almost sessile, and supported by as many elongated,
carinately navicular bracts 9) lines long, with a long, incurved acumen; sepals 14 line
long, broadly ovate, obtuse, each with an inner, broad, unequally denticulate scale;
corolla (yet in bud) 103 lines long, tomentellous; tube cylindrically contracted below

the middle, a little broader above; segments insequilateral; disk 5-cleft, nearly as long
as the ovaries.

Species assigned to Amblyanthera by Wiiller, here excluded and referred to their
proper places.

(Indications : B.=Flor. Bras. fasc. xxvi.; L.=Linnea, vol. XXX.)
. acutiloba, L. 447
. andina, L. 425
. Andrieuxii, L. 422
. angustifolia, L. 447
. antennacea, L. 448 .
. Benthami, L. 451
A. Bogotensis, L. 458 .

. = Echites acutiloba.
Echites andina.
Echites Andrieuxii.
Mesechites linearifolia.
Laseguea antennacea.
Homaladenia angustifolia.
Anartia Bogotensis.

Bea RR

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 191

A. brachyloba, L. 423 .

A. campestris, B. 149; L. 453 .

A. chlorantha, L. 454 .

. citrifolia, L. 450

. congesta, L. 450 .

. convolvulacea, L. 447 .

. convolvulacea, L. 480 .

. crassifolia, B. 143

Cuyabensis, B. 145 ; L. 450.

Fluminensis, var. Stadelmeyeri, B. 149

foliosa, L. 427... .

Suniformis, B. 146; L. 44

Guianensis, L. 448 .

Karwinskii, L. 426 .

leptophylla, B. 142; L. 448 .

macrophylla, L. 449

madida, B. 150; L. 453 .

membranacea, L. 423, 448

Mexicana, L. 424

. microcalyx, L. 428, 448-453

. microcalyx, L. 454 .

. Oaxacana, L. 447

MhdiuiriBid4b so licks
> var. Almadensis, B. 146 .

. pandurata, L. 448 . .

. Pavonii, L. 450 .

Prieurii, L. 448 .

suaveolens, L. 447 .

subsagittata, L. 453

subsessilis, L. 447

tomentosa, L. 450

torosa, L. 446

. tubiflora, L. 454

. versicolor, B. 146; L. 449 GE
T var. glabrata, B. 147; L. 449.

BRRARARRARARARAAARAA

RAR RARA AALS

-
`

ECHITES.

. = Echites brachyloba.

Rhabdadenia campestris.
Echites chlorantha.
Echites citrifolia.
Echites congesta.
Echites convolvulacea.
Echites mexicana.
Rhodocalyx crassifolia.
Mitozus Cuyabensis.
Temnadenia Stadelmeyeri.
Laseguea foliosa.
Mitozus funiformis.
Echites Guianensis.
Echites Karwinskii.
Mitozus leptophyllus.
Exothostemon macrophyllum.
Rhabdadenia Pohlii.
-Echites membranacea.
Echites Mexicana.
Echites microcalyx.
Mesechites jasminiflora.
Mesechites Oaxacana.
Temnadenia palustris.
Temnadenia Almadensis.
Angadenia pandurata.
Echites hirsuta.
Angadenia Prieurii.
Mandevilla suaveolens.
Echites subsagittata.
Echites subsessilis.
Temnadenia tomentosa.
Mesechites torosa.
Echites tubiflora.
Mitozus versicolor.
Mitozus tenuicaulis.

This genus was first proposed by P. Browne in 1756 for a Jamaica plant, and was so
named because its follicular fruit assumed the form of a viper (iyw). At that early
period no precise genus was known, and species were defined in two or thieo words.
Though Browne gave ample details of his species, Jacquin was the first to give a regular
diagnosis of the genus Xchites. Linnæus in 1764 acknowledged Echites under very
similar circumstances ; so that his definition of the genus is of little value. This example

192 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

was followed by other botanists, who continued to heap up in this genus a great number
of plants bearing little relation to the true type, thus creating great confusion up to the
present time.

The order Apocynee was not proposed until 1789, and then vaguely, as Jussieu in-
cluded in it all the Asclepiadee, Loganiacee, and other groups of plants. It was not
till 1811 that the celebrated Rob. Brown remedied this confusion by separating and
defining the Apocynee and the Asclepiadee as distinct families, in the former of which
the genus Echites is enumerated in terms differing little from those of Jacquin. The
genus, still ill-defined, continued to increase in the number of species, when, in 1844,
Prof. De Candolle enumerated 177 species, a number soon after considerably increased
by Müller, all proposed without any relation to the structural peculiarities of the original
type.

In this memoir I have endeavoured to separate the legitimate species, amounting to
about 40, from the mass of above 200 of those recorded by authors. "The plants of true
Echites may be distinguished not only by the floral characters, but by having several
pointed glands, arranged transversely across the nodes in the usual place of stipules, and
in having similar glands at the base of the midrib of the leaves at their junction with
the petioles. The following is an amended diagnosis of the genus.

Ecurres, P. Browne, Jam. p. 18; Jacq. Amer. p. 29; Linn. Sp. Pl. (1764) in parte; R. Brown, Mem.
Wern. Soc. i. p. 396. Sepala 5, parva, acuta, intus singulatim squama profunde plurilacinulata
munita; corolla tubularis ; tubus longiusculus, imo breviter et anguste cylindricus, supra latior, sub-
quinquangularis, hine szpe spiraliter tortus, fauce subconstrictus ; segmenta 5, truncatim dolabri-
formia, oblonga vel tubo breviora, dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina ad constrictionem tubi inserta ;
filamenta tenuia, subbrevia; anthere rigide lineares, acuminate, imo in furcas 2 breves acutas
fisse. Discus e lobis 5 obtuse linearibus, carnosulus; ovaria 2 illum subequantia; stylus tenuis ;
clavuncula incrassata, oblonga ; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, aut erecti vel horizon-
taliter divaricati, anguste teretes, sutura ventrali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, lineari-oblonga, com-
pressa, rugulosa, funiculo brevissimo raphe continuo suspensa, coma sericeo-pilosa paullo longiore
coronata.

Frutices scandentes Americe intertropice ; ramuli ad nodos glandulis acutis plurimis prediti; folia
opposita, petiolata, ovata aut oblonga, ad costam petiolum versus glandulis carnosulis munita; inflore-

scentia azillaris, sepe bifida; flores plurimi, pulchri, pedicellati, umbellatim aut congestim aggregati ;
pedicelli brevissime bracteolati.

l. Ecurres ovata (scandens foliis ovatis), P. Browne, Hist. Jam. p. 182: Apocynum folio rotundo,
Sloane, Jam. 1207, tab. 131. fig. 2, Cat. Jam. p. 89: Apocynum scandens, Catesb. Carol. i. p. 58,
tab. 58. In Antillis: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Shakespear, Houston).

The original type of the genus, which is fully described by Dr. Browne, and well
figured by Sloane and Catesby. It grows on the dry (not moist) parts of the savannas
of Jamaica; its scandent flexuose branches have axils 1} in. apart; leaves ovate,
rounded at the base, subaeute at the apex, rigidly membranaceous, dark green above,
paler and opake beneath, with about 11 pam of subdivergent, parallel, prominent nerves
arcuately conjoined, 2-25 in. long, 11-21 in. broad, on channelled petioles 3-6 lines long;
raceme lateral, short, on a Mirad sae 4-6 lines long, bearing 2-5 aggregated

e e E mn, mmm A
—— —

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 193

pale yellow flowers, on pedicels 6 lines long; sepals acute, 1-14 line long; tube of
corolla narrowly cylindrical towards the base and near the summit, where it is spirally
twisted, ventricose in the middle, 15 lines long, subpilose within ; segments obovately
dolabriform, crispate on the margins, 7 lines long and broad, with dextrorse convo-
lution ; stamens inserted on a pilose ring on the lower constriction of the tube; disk of
5 oblong fleshy lobes, half the length of the 2 ovate glabrous ovaries; follicles 2, terete,
horizontally divaricate, outwardly subarcuate, 8 in. long, 3 lines thick towards the base,
obtuse, and 2 lines thick towards the apex; seeds many, oblong, dorsally costate, thinly
rostrate at the summit, with a longitudinal raphe, from the apex of which they are
suspended, 4 lines long, with an apical, spreading, softly sericeous yellowish coma 10
lines long.

2. ECHITES UMBELLATA, Jacquin (non H. B. K.), Amer. p. 30, tab. 22; Linn. Sp. Pl. (in parte) 307, Syst.
iii. p. 331; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 447 ; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 414; Lunan, Jam. ii. p. 145:
Tabermemontana subcordata, Linn. Syst. p. 945 : Periploca (Nerium) oblongo-cordata, Plum. Amer.
ii. p. 210, tab. 216. fig. 2. In Antillis: non vidi.

This marked species is well depicted by Jacquin and Plumier, and is very different
from the plant described by Kunth. In Jamaica it grows in the moist parts of the
savanna. It is a twining plant, climbing to a height of 15 feet, exuding a clear, glu-
tinous and poisonous juice; its branchlets are slender, glabrous, with axils 4 in. apart ;
leaves oblong, deeply cordate at the base, subacute at the summit, dark green above, with
about 14 pairs of patently divaricate nerves arcuately conjoined near the undulate
margin, pale ferruginous beneath, with prominulent nerves and reticulated veins, 31-4
in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; inflorescence lateral, on a peduncle
1$ in. long, supporting 4-7 flowers on umbellate pedicels 6 lines long, pluribracteolate
at their base; sepals acute or acuminate, 13 line long, each with 2 acute inner scales ;
tube of corolla 12-15 lines long, narrowly cylindrical at the base and summit for a length
of 5 lines, there spirally twisted, longitudinally 5-nerved, of a greenish colour; segments
white, deltoidly dolabriform, with crenulate margins, 7 lines long and broad, dextrorsely
convolute; stamens on very short filaments, seated on the lower constriction of the tube;
disk of 5 fleshy oblong lobes, shorter than the 2 conical ovaries; follicles 2, terete, ob-
long, horizontally divaricate, obtuse, 8 in. long, 4 lines thick, containing many oblong
seeds thinly rostrate at the apex, 6 lines long, surmounted by an erect apical com
9 lines long.

3. Ecurres oBLIqUA, nob.: Echites umbellata, H. B. K. (non Jacq.) Gen. iii. p. 212 (excl. syn.) : Apo-
cynum obliquum, Miller, Dict. No. 8. In Antillis, Cuba (Bonpland) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica
(Houston).

A climbing species with terete branches, having its axils 14 in. apart ; opposite leaves
suborbicular, roundish at the base, retuse, with a very short acute acumen at » E
mit, rigidly membranaceous, darkish green above, with many parallel, oblique, divergent
nerves and reticulated veins, beneath opake, paler, pruinose, with prominent nerves,
2-21 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; raceme lateral at the nodes, on

an erect peduncle 3-1 in. long, supporting 4-5 flowers on subumbellate pedicels 6 lines
2c

194 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEXE.

long, with as many basal bracteoles; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, 14 line
long; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical at the base and at the summit, where it is
spirally twisted, subventricose in the middle, subsericeo-puberulous within, 18 lines long;
segments obovate-oblong, inequilateral, crispate on the margin, 6 lines long, 4 lines
broad, expanded, with dextrorse convolution; stamens seated on a pilose ring at the
lower constriction of the tube 6 lines above the base; filaments very short; anthers
linear, sagittate, acuminate, with two obtuse parallel basal prongs; disk of 5 linear
emarginate lobes, half as long as the 2 glabrous ovate ovaries ; follicles 2, patently diva-
ricate, in the immature state 3 in. long, and then obsoletely torulose, afterwards perhaps
longer and straighter; seeds many, comose.

4. ECHITES LONGIFLORA, nob.: Echites umbellata, var. longiflora, Griseb. in Pl. Cub. Wr. p. 520; Cat.
Pl. Cub. No. 34. In Cuba: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit, Cuba (C. Wright 1661).

A distinct climbing species, distinguished by its solitary axillary flower; its twining
branchlets are slender, with axils 3 in. apart; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, narrowed
towards the base, and there obtuse, with a recurving channelled acute acumen, green
above, with about 16 pairs of subimmersed divergent nerves arcuately conjoined, yel-
lowish opake beneath, with prominulent slender nerves and reticulated veins, 3$ in
long, 14 in. broad, on recurving petioles 6 lines long; inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered,
on a very slender erect peduncle 12 in. long, pluribracteolate at the base, continuous
with the pedicel, which is $ in. long; sepals acutely lanceolate, erect, 13 line long;
corolla of a greenish-yellow colour; tube 20 lines long, narrowly cylindrical above
and at the base, ventricose in the middle; segments obovate-oblong, inequilateral,

5-8 lines long, 4 lines broad ; follicles 2, terete, horizontally divaricate, 3 in. long, nearly
2 lines thick.

5. Ecurres LUTEA, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 109, Icon. iii. tab. 25; A. DC. Z e. p. 467; Müll. Z. c. p. 159. In
Brasilia prov. Rio de Janeiro, versus Itagoahy : v. s. in herb. meo (Claussen, sine loco).

This specimen agrees with the drawing of Velloz. It is a scandent species, very near
E. umbellata, has slender, flexuose, subhispidulous branches, with thickened axils 5 in.
apart, having 3 obtuse glands on each face across the nodes, half-concealed by the hairs;
the opposite leaves are deflected, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base and there sub-
obtuse, sharply acute at the summit, chartaceous, with very revolute margins, scabridly
hirsute above, with divergent arching nerves, beneath ferruginously opake, pubescent
and patently hirsute along the midrib and nerves, 6—7 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on re-
flexed petioles 5-6 lines long ; raceme lateral, on a suddenly deflected puberulous peduncle
lin. long, divided above into 2 branches bearing many approximate or subumbellate
flowers, on bracteolate pubescent pedicels 9 lines long; sepals acuminate, subpilose
outside, margins membranaceous, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 16 lines long, narrowly
cylindrical at its base for half its length, widening above, and there spirally twisting as
in E. umbellata, sparsely pilose; segments rhomboidally dolabriform, 8 lines long, with
suberenulate margins; stamens seated on the constriction of the tube; anthers acumi-

nate, shortly bifurcate at the base; disk of 5 fleshy lobes, 2 lines long, equal to 2 ovate
ovaries.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 195

6. Ecurres CONVOLVULACEA, A. DC. l. c. p. 451: Amblyanthera convolvulacea, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 447
(non 430). In Peruvia et Bolivia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Lacarejo, Sorate (Mandon 1472).

A climbing species, with slender glabrescent branchlets, with axils 3—4 in. apart,
charged on each side with 3—4 rounded glands; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, with
rounded lobes somewhat folded, terminated by a long, suddenly cuspidate acumen,
membranaceous, subglabrous above, with subscandent semi-immersed nerves, bearing at
the base of the midrib 3-5 subulate glands, cinereo-puberulous beneath, 31-51 in. long,
2-23 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 5-9 lines long; panicle simply racemose, lateral at
the axils, 8 in. long, on a glabrous peduncle bare at the base for 31 in., bearing several
alternate or secund flowers on pedicels 9 lines long, supported by lanceolate bracteoles ;
sepals lanceolate, gibbous at the base, submembranaceous, pilose outside, 6-7 lines long,
1 line broad, each with a broad deeply and acutely lacinulated scale; corolla glabrous,
tube 1 in. long, narrower below for one fourth of its length, subventricose in the middle;
segments oblong, obliquely inequilateral, 5 lines long, glabrous, with dextrorse convo-
lution; stamens seated in a pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; filaments short,
retrorsely pilose; anthers subcoherent, 5 lines long, membranaceous above, with 2 short
obtuse basal lobes; disk of 5 oblong lobes, emarginated at the summit, shorter than the 2
oblong pointed ovaries; follicles 2, terete, straight, subparallel, 7 in. long, 13 line thick;
placenta 3 line broad; seeds many, oblong, compressed, pruinose, with a longitudinal
raphe, 4 lines long, + line broad, surmounted by a softly sericeous spreading coma 9 lines
long.

A drawing of this species, showing an analysis of its floral and carpological structure,
in given in Plate XXIX.

The Amblyanthera convolvulacea of Müller belongs to his variety pubescens from
Mexico.

7. ECHITES PALLIDA, nob.: Echites sp., Benth. in Plant. Hartweg. p. 120. In Ecuador: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. Guayaquil (Hartweg 670).

A species with terete branches, the axils 3 in. apart, furnished on each face with 2
acute stipules; leaves ovate, roundishly truncate and broadly subeordate at the base,
gradually aeute above the middle, glabrous, very membranaceous, above pale green,
opake, 5 converging nerves near the base, with others lateral and ascendingly divergent
and prominulent, beneath equally pallid, midrib prominent, nerves and transverse veins
little prominent, 34 in. long, 22 in. broad, on rather slender, yellowish, channelled
petioles 10 lines long ; racemes terminal, binate, shorter than the leaves, on suddenly
reflected peduncles bare at the base for 9 lines, thence bearing several crowded spicate
flowers, with imbricate, membranaceous, lanceolate bracts, each 6 lines long; pedicels
4 lines long; sepals lanceolate, very membranaceous, pale, 6 lines long, 1 line broad,
each with a roundish ciliate inner scale, all quite glabrous. The corolla had fallen
off, leaving in its place 2 very immature follicles supported by the sepals and disk
cleft nearly to the base into 5 oblong submembranaceous lobes ; these immature
follicles are flattened, linear, straight, pale yellow, pruinosely pilose, 14 in. long, 1 line

broad.
202

196 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZX.

8. ECHITES MEMBRANACEA, A. DC. l.c. p. 457. In Peruvia (Pavon): non vidi.

A plant with straight, elongated, tomentous branches ; leaves oval, cordate, acutely
mucronate, very membranaceous, puberulous above, with several prominent glands along
the midrib, hirsutulous beneath, especially on the nerves and veins, 3 in. long, 14 in.
broad, on petioles 5 lines long; raceme lateral, tomentous, 5 in. long, bearing many
alternate flowers on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals ovate, subulate, 4 lines long, gibbous
at the base, with an inner acute scale; tube of corolla 9 lines long, hirsute; segments
elabrous, obovate-oblong; disk quinquefid, with obtuse lobes, somewhat shorter than
the ovaries.

A species near Z. hirtiflora.

9. ECHITES CHLORANTHA, Schl. in Linn. xxvi. p. 663. In Venezuela, prope Maiquetia : v. s. pl. fructif.
in herb. meo, sine loco, forsan Caraccas (Cockburn).

Schlectendahl describes this species as a shrub, 10 feet high, with verrucose terete

branches and glabrous branchlets, subhirsute when young; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse

at the base, shortly acuminate at the apex, glabrous, with subrevolute margins, nearly

concolorous, sulcate on the midrib, the base of which is furnished with 2 erect, subulate,
fleshy glands, midrib and nerves prominent beneath, 3-4 in. long, 13-21 in. broad, on
sulcate petioles 6-9 lines long; panicle lateral, on a thick peduncle 1-3 lines long,
divided into 2 short branches bearing several flowers on glabrous, spirally twisted pedi-
cels 4 lines long; sepals oblong, obtuse, ciliate, imbricate, 3 lines long, with an inner
basal emarginated or lacinulate scale; tube of corolla rufescent, cylindrical, 8 lines
long, slightly swollen below the middle more constricted portion, narrowly campanulate
above, with a border of shortish segments of a greenish hue, acutely and horizontally
extended or subreflected ; stamens inserted in the pilose contraction of the tube; disk
of 5 obtuse, fleshy lobes, as long as the ovaries; follicles 2, terete, 8 in. long, 2 lines thick,
glabrous ; seeds 6 lines long, acute at both ends, puberulous, with a coma of reddish soft
hairs 10 lines long.

In the fructiferous plant the branches are stout, with opposite, spreading, flexuose
branchlets 1 line thick, tapering upwards, rugously striolate and lenticellate, with axils
3 in. apart, charged with several glandular stipules ; the leaves are of the same size and
shape as those of Schlectendahl’s plant, agreeing in all respects, except that the petioles
do not exceed a length of 6 lines; the peduncle is 3 lines long, bifurcate, each division
bearing 2 horizontally divergent terete follicles, striolate, densely lenticellate, 74 in. long,
3 lines thick, tapering to an obtuse apex 2 lines broad, slightly arcuate ; seeds dorsally
striolate, flat on the ventral face, with a longitudinal raphe 6 lines long, and an apical
rufescent coma 10 lines long.

It is a species near Echites acuminata, R. & P.

10. Ecnrres GLANDULOSA, R. & P. Fl. Per. ii. p. 19, tab. 185: Hemadictyon glandulosum, A. DC. l. c.
p. 427 : Prestonia Peruviana, Spr. Syst. i. p. 637. In Peruvia ad Muiias: non vidi.

A climbing plant, with tomentous branchlets; axils 3-5 in. apart, having at the
nodes several subulate fleshy glands in the place of interpetiolar stipules; leaves ovate,

Le, — ———— PÓ—M — mm — mmm —— —

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 197

rounded and deeply cordate at the base, acute at the summit, with a bullate surface
above, and much reticulated divergent nerves, canescently tomentous below, with reddish
prominent nerves, furnished at the base of the midrib adjoining the petiole with several
subulate glands; they are 3-42 in. long (including the sinus 6-9 lines deep), 2-3j in.
broad, on stoutish petioles 4-6 lines long; panicle lateral, longer than the leaves,
6-7-flowered ; flowers albescent, on alternate pedicels 6 lines apart, with a small basal
bract ; sepals acute, 4-5 lines long, submembranaceous, each with a row of lanceolate
inner basal scales; tube of corolla 23 in. long, cylindrical, somewhat contracted in the
middle, funnel-shaped above, with a border of 5 obliquely oblong segments, 13 lines
long, 6 lines broad, having a large internal spot at their base; stamens inserted in a
pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; disk of 5 free lobes, half the length of the .
2 pointed oblong ovaries.

This species is placed in Prestonia by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. p. 709) on account
of the supposed 5 large scales in the mouth of the corolla, as figured by Ruiz and Pavon ;
but these are mere discoloured spots, or they would have been otherwise described.

11. Ecurres acuminata, R. & P. l c. p. 19, tab. 134a; A. DC, /. c. p. 449. In Peruvia ad Cuchero :
non vidi.

A slender climbing plant, with axils about 13 in. apart, having 4 intrapetiolar stipules
truncate and acutely emarginate ; its opposite oblong leaves are suddenly acute at their
summit, slightly cordate at their base, where they have 5 fleshy acutely subulate glands
at the base of the midrib (3 central, 2 lateral); they are glabrous, with about 10 pairs of
divaricate nerves, 23-3 in. long (including the sinus, scarcely more than 1 line deep),
1313 in. broad, on petioles 4 lines long; racemes solitary in the axils or geminate,
9-10-flowered ; peduncle 3 lines long; pedicels often geminate, of a purple colour,
twisted, 6 lines long, with 3 bractlets at the base;' sepals oblong, pointed, 3-4 lines long,
with many internal lanceolate basal scales; corolla white inside, purplish outside, its
tube cylindrical, contracted in the middle, and again narrowed in the mouth, 1 in. long;
segments subreflected, ovate, inequilateral, with a long, narrow, horizontal expansion ;
stamens cohering, inserted in the contraction of the tube; disk of 5 free fleshy lobes,
half the length of the subulately oblong ovaries ; follicles 2, slender, terete, subadherent
at the apex, nearly straight, near 7 in. long, 2 lines thick ; seeds slender, 6 lines long,
crowned by a fulvous coma 4 lines long.

12. Ecartes Laxa, R. & P. lc. p. 19, tab. 1345; A. DC. l. c. p. 451. In Peruvia ad Pillao: non vidi.
A climbing species having angular subvillous branchlets, with internodes 33-44 in.
apart, and there furnished with many glandular stipules ; leaves ovate, subcordate at the
base, acute at the summit, glabrous above, villous about the sinus, midrib and neryes
prominent and villous below, and there furnished at the base of the midrib (at its junc-
tion with the petiole) with many subulate fleshy glands, 33-4 in long, 2-23 in. broad, on
villous petioles 9-11 lines long; racemes lateral, long, pendent on a Weer, peduncle
bare at its base for the length of 4 in., bearing 3 alternate, somewhat remote flowers on

198 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZX.

bracteolate pedicels 7-10 lines long; sepals linear-oblong, acute, imbricate, furnished
within at their base with a dense row of small lanceolate scales ; large handsome yellow
corolla; tube 2 in. long, cylindrical for half its length, funnel-shaped above, and 6 lines
wide in the mouth; segments oblong, horizontally expanded and curvingly pointed,
dextrorsely convolute ; stamens fixed in the middle of the tube; disk of 5 free lobes,
much shorter than the 2 acutely oblong ovaries; style filiform; clavuncle incrassate,
with 2 short subulate stigmata.

13. Ecurres suBsAGITTATA, R. € P. (non Griseb.) l. c. p. 19; A. D.C. l.c. p. 475. In Peruvia ad Cu-
chero: non vidi.

A climbing, glabrous species, with very long, granulose, reddish, branching stem;
branches filiform, with many close stipuloid glands about the axils; opposite leaves
oblong, subsagittate at the base, acuminate, with ciliated margins, glanduliferous near
the sinus below, and on short pubescent petioles; raceme short, lateral, few-flowered ;
pedicels with a small deciduous bracteole at the base; sepals acute.

A species near the preceding. The plant under this name, from Trinidad, with toru-
lose follicles, vaguely considered by Grisebach (Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 413) to be the same
as Z. hirsuta, H. B. K., is the Zchites microcalyx, A. DC.

l4. EcurrEs nrrsuta, R. € P. l.c. p. 19, tab. 136: Echites Pavonii, A. D.C. l. c. p. 463: Prestonia
hirsuta, Spr. Syst. iv. 637, In Peruvia ad S. Antonio de playa grande, Chicoplaya: non
vidi.

A climbing species with extremely slender, twisting, hirsute branches, with several
slender interpetiolar glands; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, shortly cordate at their
base, and furnished with 1 or 2 oblong acute glands at the sinus, densely villous below,
4-43 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, on villous petioles 5 lines long; raceme lateral, 5-6 in.
long, with many alternate yellow flowers, on pedicels 5 lines long, with lanceolate bracts
4 lines long; sepals acute, 3 lines long; tube of corolla 14 in. long, contracted in the
middle ; segments obliquely oblong, 1 in. long, expanded ; stamens shortish, seated in
the middle of the tube; anthers cohering ; disk of 5 lobes, half as long as the 2 ovaries;
follicles 2, subacutely terete, subadhering at the apex, 4-5 in. long, 1} line thick;
seeds with an apical coma.

This must not be confounded with the Zchites hirsuta of Richard, or that of Velloz.

15. Ecurres AcuTILOBA, A. DC. l. c. p. 451. In Peruvia: non vidi.

A climbing plant, with slender glabrous branchlets; leaves oblong, cordate, acuminate,
membranaceous, subglabrous, with 2-3 glands at their base, 2-24 in. long, 11-15 lines
broad, on puberulous petioles 5-7 lines long; a simple lateral raceme, as long as the
leaves, glabrous, with alternate pedicels, supported by much shorter linear bractlets;
sepals linear-lanceolate, ciliate at their base, 3} lines long; tube of corolla 7 lines long,
cylindrical, somewhat contracted in the middle ; segments narrowly oblong, one third the

length of the tube ; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; disk
of 5 linear lobes, longer than the ovaries.

poem e e TS

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 199

16. EcurrEs sUBSESSILIS, A. DC. /. c. p. 451. In Peruvia: non vidi.

A species near C. glandulosa, with glabrous branches ; leaves broadly elliptic, cordate,
acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous above, with 4-5 acutely subulate glands near the
sinus, puberulous below, with prominent nerves, 5 in. long, 3 in. broad, on thick petioles,
shorter than the basal lobes, which are thus somewhat amplexicaul; raceme lateral,
as long as the leaves, glabrous, with alternate pedicels 6 lines long, each with a basal
bracteole half its length; sepals obtusely ovate; tube of corolla 8 lines long, 3 times
as long as the sepals, cylindrical, somewhat contracted below the middle; segments
ovate-oblong, half the length of the tube; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube
on a pilose ring; anthers obtusely bilobed at the base; disk of 5 roundish, free lobes,
half as long as the 2 ovaries.

17. Eens montana, H. B. K. iii. 213; A. DC. Z. c. p. 465. In Peruvia, circa Pasto : non vidi.

A climbing species, with hirsutulous branches ; axils with several not very prominent
interpetiolar glands; leaves elliptic-oblong, cordate, shortly acuminate, submembra-
naceous, green above, scabridly hirsutulous, with 3 or more subulate glands near the
base of the midrib, beneath softly cano-hirtulous, 24-24 in. long, 15-16 lines broad, on
channelled pubescent petioles 6 lines long; raceme lateral, near 1 in. long, on a hirsute
peduncle 5 lines long, bearing upwards 4-8 flowers on pubescent pedicels 4-5 lines long;
bracteole small; sepals ovate-lanceolate, hirsute at the base, 13 line long; corolla
salver-shaped, glabrous; tube 7 lines long, constricted in the middle ; segments obliquely
ovate, roundish, crispate, rotate, yellow above, whitish below ; stamens seated on a pilose
ring in the contraction of the tube; anthers cohering, acuminate, obtusely bilobed at the
base; disk of 5 short truncated lobes, shorter than the 2 oblong ovaries; follicles slender,
terete, glabrous, fuscous, 74 in. long, enclosing many comose seeds.

18. Ecartes Gong, H. B. K. l.c. p. 212; A. DC. lc. p. 448. In. ins. Cuba: non vidi.

A climbing plant with umbellate flowers, as in the typical species; it has slender,
terete, glabrous branchlets, its axils furnished with many glabrous subulate glands in
the place of stipules ; opposite leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, with a short acute
mucronate point, submembranaceous, glabrous, green above, with parallel nerves and
much reticulated veins, paler beneath, 15-16 lines long, 7-8 lines broad, on channelled
petioles 13 line long; raceme lateral, on a glabrous peduncle 4-1 in. long, bearing on
its summit 2-5 subumbellate flowers on pedicels 4-6 lines long, bracteolate at their base;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, 14 line long; corolla salver-shaped ; tube constricted in the
middle; segments obliquely ovate, crenulate, one third the length of the tube; stamens
inserted in the constriction of the tube; disk of 5 roundish lobes, one third shorter than
the 2 oblong ovaries ; style slender ; clavuncle agglutinated to the connivent anthers.

19. Ecartes rrearia, H. B. K. l c. p. 214; A. DC. l.c. p. 466. In Nova Granada, fluv. Magdalena :
non vidi.

A species closely allied to Z. montana, with slender hirtellous branchlets, its axils

charged with many subulate, ciliate glands in lieu of stipules; leaves ovate-oblong,

200 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

cordate, acute, entire, submembranaceous, green and subglabrous above, bearing near the
base of the midrib several successive subulate glabrous glands, beneath softly hirto-
pubescent, 20-21 lines long, 12 lines broad, on channelled pubescent petioles 3 lines
long; raceme lateral, pubescent, 13 in. long, bearing about 6 flowers 9-10 lines long, on
bracteolate pedicels 3 lines long; bracts pilose, lanceolate, 2 lines long; sepals lanceolate,
pubescent, imbricate, spreading, with acute inner scales ; corolla cylindrical ; tube 6 lines
long, swelling upwards; segments roundish, dolabriform, crispate, rotate, shorter than the
tube; stamens seated in the constriction near the middle of the tube; anthers coherent,
lanceolate; disk of 5 short truncate lobes, shorter than the 2 oblong ovaries.

20. Ecnrres concesta, H. B. K. l.c. p. 214; A. DC. lc. p. 466: Amblyanthera pet Müll. Linn.
xxx. 450. In Ecuador, prov. Popayan: non vidi.

A scandent species, with hirsute terete branches, marked with many white lenticels ;
axils charged with many depressed, ciliated, dentiform glands in the usual place of
stipules; leaves roundly ovate, cordate, shortly acuminate, submembranaceous, above
green, sparsely pilose, with parallel nerves and much reticulated veins, bearing about 4
subulate glabrous glands in succession near the base of the midrib, canescently hirto-
pubescent beneath, 3-3} in. long, 2-21 in. broad, on channelled hirto-canescent petioles
8-9 lines long; raceme lateral, on a hairy peduncle 1} in. long, bearing a capitate head
of closely aggregated, small, odoriferous flowers, on pilose pedicels 3-4 lines long, with
lanceolate bracts; sepals linear-lanceolate, hairy outside, half the length of the tube of
the corolla ; corolla white, size of that of jessamine ; tube cylindrical, rugosely contracted
above the base, pubescent within; segments unequally oblong, obtuse, crispate on the
margins, a little longer than the tube, subreflexed; stamens inserted on a pilose ring
above the base of the tube; anthers cohering, lanceolately acuminate, obtusely bilobed
at the base; disk of 5 short lobes, as long as the 2 oblong glabrous ovaries.

21. Eens cirrirouia, H. B. K. Lc. p. 216; A. DC. lc. p. 465: Amblyanthera citrifolia, Müll.
Linn. xxx. p. 450. In Nova Granada, prov. Mariquita: non vidi.

A slender species, with elongated glabrous branchlets, having remote axils, charged
with many short, irregular, smooth, tooth-like glands; opposite leaves ovate-oblong,
rounded or obsoletely cordate, acuminate, glabrous, rigidly membranaceous, with revolute
margins, shining above, with subparallel nerves and reticulated veins, the nerves beneath
prominulent, 3 in. long, 15-17 lines broad, on channelled petioles 2-8 lines long, bearing
at their junction with the blade 2 subulate glabrous glands; raceme lateral, 14 in
long, on a peduncle divided at its apex into two branches, each bearing many policia
late flowers; sepals ovate, acuminate, imbricate, glabrous, six times shorter than the
tube of the corolla, which is salver-shaped; tube cylindrical and constricted in the
middle ; stamens seated on a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; anthers acumi-
nate, obtusely 2-lobed at the base, and cohering round the clavuncle.

22. Ecnires HIRTIFLORA, A. DC. Le p. 456. In Peruvia (Pavon) : non vidi.
A climbing species, with tomentous branches ; leaves elliptic, cordate, very acuminate,

in mmm mmm, mmm, ` mmm, mmm

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJR. 201

membranaceous, subpubescent above, with many glands on the midrib, scabridly pubes-
cent beneath, 2 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long; raceme lateral,
tomentous, longer than the leaves, bearing many alternate flowers on pedicels 2 lines
long; sepals ovate, subulate, gibbous at the base, glabrous, with an inner basal acutely
ovate scale; tube of corolla 9 lines long, subcylindrical, hirsute; segments oblong-
ovate, shorter than the tube; anthers obtusely subbilobed at the base; dis’. of 5 obtuse
lobes, a little shorter than the two glabrous ovaries.

93. Ecnrres Mansoana, A. DC. I. c. p. 448: Mesechites sulphurea, Müll. l c. p. 151, tab. 46 (excl. syn.
Velloz). In Cuyaba et Matto Grosso: non vidi. ;

As stated elsewhere, this is a species certainly different from the Echites sulphurea.
It is a climber, with slender terete branches, their axils being 42-53 in. apart; leaves
oblong, obtuse at the base, roundish, with a short obtuse acumen, coriaceous, margins
revolute, spreading nerves and veins scarcely visible, having a broad gland divided into
4 or 6 obtuse lobes at the base of the midrib, 3-4 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on petioles
4-5 lines long ; raceme lateral, shorter than the leaves, subcapitate, on a peduncle 5 lines
long, divided at the apex into two branches, each bearing many approximate flowers,
on twisted pedicels 3-5 lines long, supported by short acutely oval bractlets; sepals
obtusely elliptic, ciliolate, 24 lines long, each with an internal tridentate scale; tube of
corolla 8 lines long, contracted in the middle; segments roundish, 3 lines long and broad,
dextrorsely convolute; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube; anthers linear,
with a short incurved apex, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed at the base; disk of 5 obtusely
ovoid lobes as long as the ovaries; style filiform; clavuncle incrassate, oblong, with a
basal membranaceous appendage.

24. Ecurres Vaurnrert, A. DC. l c. p. 457: Echites coalita, Müll. (non Vell.) l. c. p. 155, tab. 50. fig. 4
(semen): Echites sulphurea, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 109, Icon. iii. tab. 26: Mesechites sulphurea, Müll.
in parte, l.c. p. 151. In prov. Rio de Janeiro, in montib. Organ. (Vauthier 78) ; Velloz: v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. prov. Rio de Janeiro (Bowie et Cunningham, in fructu).

A climbing species with slender, terete, twice trichotomous branches, with axils 2-4 in.
apart; leaves lanceolate-oblong, subacute at the base, acutely acuminate, mucronate,
subcoriaceous, with revolute margins, pale green above, finely corrugulate, with about
6 pairs of divergent subimmersed nerves, charged beneath with several ovate-oblong and
subulate fleshy glands, yellowish opake beneath, nerves scarcely visible, 23-33 in.
long, 2-1} in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; racemes axillary, 2 in. long, on a bare
peduncle 3 lines long, bearing about 7 subapproximate flowers on pedicels 3-6 lines long,
supported by short lanceolate bracteoles; sepals oblong-acute, 3 lines long, gibbous at
the base, with an inner ovate denticulate scale; corolla yellow; tube cylindrical, 6 lines
long ; segments obovate, inequilateral, 3 lines long; stamens seated on a pilose ring in
the middle of the tube; disk of 5 obtuse lobes, somewhat conjoined at the base, shorter
than the ovaries ; follicles 2, on a short stout peduncle, horizontally spreading, cylin-
drical, subobtuse at the base, straight, fuscous, striolate, 5} in. long, 4 lines broad below

the middle, tapering upwards to a breadth of 2 lines at the rounded apex ; gg many,
D

202 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

linear-fusiform, compressed, dorsally convex and rugosely striate, flat on the ventral face,
4 lines long, with a longitudinal raphe and a spreading coma of soft whitish hairs
8 lines long.

This species was confounded by Müller with Echites Mansoana A. DC., a very different
plant with more ovate leaves, from Cuyaba; it is extremely distinct from the Echites
coalita of Velloz.

25. EcHITES TRIFIDA, Jacq. (non Müll. nec Griseb.) Amer. p. 31, tab. 24; A. DC. /. c. p. 454; H. B.K.
iii. p. 216; Seem. Bot. Her. p. 168 (excl. syn). Ad Carthagena (Jacquin); Cumana (Bonpland) :
v.s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panama (Seemann 161).

A climbing lactescent species, with slender terete glabrous branchlets, with axils
2-23 in. apart, charged with a few obtuse glands between the petioles ; leaves ovate-oblong,
rounded or obtuse at the base, acute or acuminate, submembranaceous, reddish green
and opake above, nerves semi-immersed, scabridulous to the touch, with a broadish,
dusky, ciliolate gland at the base of the midrib, paler and yellowish opake beneath, with
immersed fine reddish nerves and reticulated veins, 2-3 in. long, ¿-13 in. broad, on ex-
tremely slender channelled petioles 3-6 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle 3 lines
long, trifid at its apex, each branch bearing about 5 approximate flowers on pedicels
3-4 lines long, minutely bracteolate ; sepals oblong, scarcely acute, imbricate, fleshy, with
diaphanous margins, 2 lines long, with an inner broad pluridentate scale; tube of
corolla cylindrical, of a dark purple colour, 10 lines long, swelling a little above the
middle; segments of a greenish hue, obliquely oblong, 6 lines long, 4 lines broad, rotate;
stamens inserted on a pilose ring at the contraction of the tube; anthers linear, with an
acute membrane at the apex, and 2 parallel obtuse lobes at the base; disk of 5 obtuse
lobes, half the length of the 2 pointed glabrous ovaries; style long and filamentous;
clavuncle conically oblong, with a membranaceous indusium at its base, terminated by
2 subulate stigmata. !

26. Ecurres rUBULOSA, Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. 249; A. DC. l. c. p. 454: Mesechites trifida, Müll. (in
parte) l.c. p. 151: Echites trifida, Griseb. l. c. p. 413. In Amazonas et Guiana Brit. : v. s. in herb.
meo et alior. Guiana (Schomb. 311), Rio Solimoés (Spruce 1348).

A climbing species, differing from Z. trifida, Jacq., in its larger leaves upon longer
petioles, and its inflorescence: branches terete, sulcate, obsoletely puberulous, lenti-
cellate, with axils 4-6 in. apart and transversely glanduliferous ; leaves oblong-ovate,
roundish or subcordate at the base, shortly acuminate, submembranaceous, glabrous, with
many patently divaricate immersed nerves, midrib sulcate, bearing at its base 2-3
superposed ovate acute adpressed glands, opake beneath, pallidly ochraceous, fine
reddish prominulent nerves reticulately veined, 3-5 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on suddenly
deflexed petioles 6-12 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle 6 lines long, divided
at the apex into 2 branches 9 lines long, each bearing numerous approximate flowers,
on minutely bracteolate pedicels 4-6 lines long; sepals acutely oblong, with membra-
naceous margins; corolla rose-coloured; tube 12 lines long, swelling above the middle;
segments broadly dolabriform, 3 lines long; stamens inserted on a pilose ring at the con-
traction of the tube; follicles free, 8-10 in. long according to Mr. Bentham.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 203

27. ECHITES Venactensts, Seem. Bot. Her. p. 168. In Veraguas, Volcan Chiriqui (Seemann) :
non vidi.

A climbing species, resembling E lava, with pubescent branchlets, afterwards glabres-
cent; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, acuminate, glabrous above, with many glands at the
base, glabrous beneath, but villous in the axils of the nerves, 31-4 in, long, 1-14 in.
broad, on petioles 1 in. long; raceme lateral, bearing 5-8 flowers on pedicels supported
by acutely ovate bracteoles; sepals acutely ovate; corolla 2} in. long; tube yellow, con-
stricted below the middle, somewhat funnel-shaped; segments dark purple, obliquely
obovate, obtuse; stamens inserted on a pilose ring at the constriction of the tube; fila-
ments pilose; anthers glabrous.

28. Fonge SuRINAMENSIS, Mig. Stirp. Surin, Select. p. 155; Walp. Ann. iii. p. 42. In Surinam:
non vidi.

A plant referable to this group on account of its bidentate glandular stipules and the
presence of bicuspidate glands at the base of the leaves; its branches are fuscous,
glabrous, and smooth ; its branchlets subpuberulous, with bidentate stipules around the
nodes; the leaves are elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, shortly acute, rounded at the base,
glabrous above, with bicuspidate glands at the base of the midrib, paler beneath, with
about 8 pairs of subobsolete nerves; raceme lateral; peduncle bifid, with smooth branch-
lets and smooth, ovate, rounded, subciliolate bracteoles; sepals ovate, subciliate; tube
of corolla cylindrical, staminigerous above the middle, a little bell-shaped in the mouth,
with a border of 5 shortish segments.

29. Ecmrres microcatyx, A. DC. J. c. p. 456; Schlecht. Linn, xxvi. p. 662: Echites subsagittata, Griseb.
(non R. & P.) Z. c. p. 413: Amblyanthera microcalyz, var. trichantha, Müll. Linn. xxx. 448. In Vene-
zuela prope Caracas: non vidi.

A climbing plant, 8 feet high, with very slender puberulous branches ; leaves oblong-
ovate, cordate, acutely acuminate, membranaceous, subglabrous above, the midrib charged
with many dark fleshy glands, pilose beneath, 13-23 in. long, 7-10 lines broad, on slender
petioles 2 lines long ; peduncle of the raceme pubescent, shorter than the leaves, bearing
above 4-6 approximate flowers, on pedicels 8 times as long as the calyx; sepals linear-
lanceolate, ciliate on the margins, scarcely 2 lines long, gibbous at the base, with an acutely
ovate inner scale; corolla 11 in. long, pubescent, with white patent hairs ; tube cylindrical,
9-10 lines long, broader above the middle; segments half as long as the tube; stamens
seated near the contraction of the tube, on a pilose ring of white retrorse hairs; anthers
23 lines long, shortly 2-lobed or emarginate at the base, acuminate above, cohering.

The Echites subsagittata, Griseb. (non R. & P.), from Trinidad, belongs here. The
floras of the latter island and the opposite coast of Venezuela are largely identical.

30. Ecmrres BRACHYLOBA, nob. : Amblyanthera brachyloba, Müll. Linn. l. c. p. 423. In Peruvia, Parana-
hunanco (Mathews 820) : non vidi.

A plant evidently belonging to this genus, on account of the glands on its leaves. It

has very slender puberulous branchlets; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, obtuse at the

summit, membranaceous, sparsely and minutely puberulous above, the midrib charged
2p2

204 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJZ.

at its base with many subulate glands, puberulous beneath and subsericeous on the mid-
rib and nerves, 23-23 in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 5% lines long; raceme much
longer than the leaves, on an elongated peduncle, densely flowered above, on approximate
puberulous pedicels 34-44 lines long,s upported by acutely lanceolate bracteoles one half
to three fourths shorter than the pedicels, and afterwards reflexed ; sepals triangularly
ovate, puberulous, 11-2 lines long, with 5-8 inner acute scales; corolla, in the whole,
8] lines long; tube glabrous, cylindrical for half its length, a little swollen above;
segments short, ovate, obtusely rounded, much shorter than the tube; stamens inserted
in the contraction of the tube upon a sericeous woolly ring; anthers short, glabrous;
disk of 5 free ovate lobes, nearly as long as the obtusely ovoid ovaries.

31. Ecuires Annina, nob.: Amblyanthera Andina, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 425. In Nova Granada, Andibus
Quitensium (Jameson 101) : non vidi.

A species belonging to this genus because of the glandular midribs of its leaves. It is
said by Müller to be near E microcalyx and E. acutiloba, before described. It has very
slender, puberulous branches, with axils 2 in. apart; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, nar-
rowed and cordate at the base, shortly acuminate, membranaceous, olive-green above,
opake, puberulous, with 7-10 pairs of nerves, reticulately veined, the midrib charged at
its base with many subulate glands, paler beneath, and softly cano-pubescent, 12-23 in.
long, 7-12 lines broad, on petioles 22 lines long ; racemes axillary, scarcely as long as
the leaves, on a peduncle 74 lines long, bearing 5-7 flowers on pedicels 42 lines long,
supported by linear-lanceolate bracteoles half their length; sepals ovate-lanceolate, sub-
obtuse, puberulous, 12-21 lines long; corolla altogether 1 in. long; tube 7 lines long,
cylindrical for half its length, a little swollen above; segments narrowly obovate, acumi-
nate, half as long as the tube; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube; disk of 5
broadly ovate lobes, half as long as the ovaries.

32. EcnrrEs ALBIFLORa, nob.: Peschiera? albiflora, Miq. Stirp. Surin. Sel. p. 165; Walp. Ann. iii. p. 63.
In Surinam: non vidi.

This species has few of the characters of a Peschiera; and as it bears most of the
essential features existing in Z. umbellata, Ï have placed it here.

Its branches are terete; the branchlets subtetragonous, with membranaceous angles,
glabrous, having several ovate acute, coriaceous interpetiolar stipules conjoined across
the nodes; leaves oblong or elliptic, acute at the base, suddenly contracted at the summit,
with a recurved acute acumen, membranaceous, glabrous, with about 20 pairs of patent
curving nerves, and very short petioles; racemes axillary, on a bifid peduncle, with
short bracteolate pedicels; sepals lanceolate, obsoletely puberulous, with few internal
basal scales; tube of corolla long and slender, with ovate-oblong acute segments as long
as the tube; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube.

33. EcnirEs DISADENA, Miq. Stirp. Surin. Sel. p. 156; Walpers, Ann. iii. p.43. In Surinam: non vidi.

A species congeneric with the preceding. It has glabrous branchlets; leaves oblong or
elliptic-ovate, obtuse at the base, with a short acute acumen, coriaceous, with about 8
pairs of curving spreading nerves, reticulated, with 2 approximate, ovate, entire erect

TTT, _„

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. 205

concave glands at the base of the midrib; raceme lateral, short, or longer, with twisted
pedicels 3 times as long as the calyx; sepals ovate, somewhat acute, ciliolate; tube
of corolla cylindrical, somewhat funnel-shaped in the mouth, with shortish segments;
follicles terete, subcurving, 3 in. long; seeds with a yellowish coma.

34. EcurrEs vENENOsA, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 66; A. DC. l.c. p. 470. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia :
non vidi.

A pubescent shrub, with broadly ovate leaves, rounded at the base, shortly cuspidate,
with membranaceous ciliate margins, glaucous green above, velvety hirsute, with about :
20 pairs of nerves, furnished near the base with several stipuliform glands, 2] in. long,
15-20 lines broad, on petioles 13 line long; peduncle terminal, sub-2-flowered, on pedicels
4-5 lines long, with a pubescent bract of the same length, cristate along the middle;
sepals lanceolate, membranaceous, 4-5 lines long, ciliate above, with an inner bifid
scale; corolla large, rose-coloured ; tube contracted in the middle, funnel-shaped above;
segments inequilateral, broadly obovate, subacute ; stamens inserted in the middle of the
tube; disk of 5 trapezoidal lobes, half as long as the 2 ovate-oblong ovaries. The plant
is poisonous to cattle.

35. EcHITES JAPURENSIS, Stadelm. Z. c. p. 19; A. DC. l c. p. 454: Mesechites Japurensis, Müll. l. c.
p. 152. Inter fluv. Japuré et Negro, in sylvis: non vidi.

A climbing species, with slender, glabrous, flexuose branches and remote axils; leaves
broadly ovate or oblong, narrowed and obtuse at the base, cuspidately acuminate, sub-
coriaceous, with a single gland at the base of the midrib, 4-44 in. long, 2-25 in. broad,
on petioles 3-4 lines long; raceme terminal, subsessile, bearing many flowers on minutely
bracteolate pedicels, 3-4 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong, as long as the pedicels,
with 2 inner trapezoidal crenato-dentate scales 1 line long; tube of corolla 1 in. long;
segments obovate; stamens inserted in the middle on the contraction of the tube; disk
of 5 lobes, half as long as the 2 oblong puberulous ovaries.

36. Ecurres Mexicana, nob. : Amblyanthera Mexicana, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 424. In Mexico, prope Vic-
toria (Karwinsky 9) : non vidi.

This species is placed in this genus, as it is said by Müller to be close to Æ. microcalya
and Z. Andina; but no mention is made of any glands upon the leaves or axils. It is
suffrutricose, with suberect branches, and very slender, flagelliform branchlets; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed and subcordate at the base, subacuminate, membranaceous,
puberulous or glabrous, with 4-5 pairs of nerves, and others shorter and intermediate,
reticulately veined, midrib flattened, 13-2 in. long, 93-103 lines broad, on petioles 2
lines long; raceme lateral, 2 in. long, on a slender peduncle 5-73 lines long, bearing
many flowers on slender pedicels 44-5 lines long, supported by linear-lanceolate bracteoles
14-13 line long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, subrecurvingly spreading at the apex,
as long as the pedicels, with 4-6 inner subulate scales; tube of corolla narrowly cylin-
drical for one third of its length, swelling above; segments narrow, obliquely obovate ;
stamens seated on the contraction of the tube; anthers glabrous; disk of 5 lobes, as
long as the 2 obtusely ovoid glabrous ovaries.

206 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ,.

37. ECHITES TUBIFLORA, Mart. € Gall. Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. 358; Walp. Rep. vi. 476 : Amblyanthera
tubiflora, Müll. 1. c. pp. 423, 454. Circa Mexico : non vidi.

A scandent species with very slender branches; leaves lanceolate, cordate, acuminate,
glabrous above, cinereo-tomentous beneath, on short petioles; racemes bearing many
large reflected flowers; calyx of 5 glabrous sepals, one quarter the length of the corolla ;
corolla subtubular, with short, very obtuse rotate segments; follicles 2, long, slender,
appressed.

Müller states that this species is near Z. brachyloba and E convolvulacea.

38. Ecuites Karwinsxu, nob.: Amblyanthera Karwinskii, Müll. l. c. p. 426. In Mexico meridional
(Karwinsky 473 & 1347) : non vidi.

A peculiar species, evidently belonging to this genus on account of the glands on the
midribs of the leaves and the characters of its flowers. It is a prostrate plant, having the `
habit of Echites torosa, Jacq., with ascending, slender, subscandent, erect branches 1 foot
long, which are reddish-fuscous and obsoletely griseo-puberulous ; leaves oblong-ovate or
lanceolate-spathulate, narrowed and obtuse at the base, shortly acute at the summit,
membranaceous, fuscous, glabrous, shining above, with 4-6 pairs of nerves and others
intermediate, reticulately veined, the midrib charged with 2-3 glands, 1-12 in. long,
23-7 lines broad, on petioles 1 line long; racemes axillary, as long as or longer than
the leaves, glabrous, on a peduncle 5-6 lines long, bearing many flowers on rigid |
pedicels 3 lines long, supported by linear-lanceolate bracteoles 1} line long ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, orange-coloured, with dark spots and hyaline margins, 22 lines
long, with 4-7 inner subulate scales; corolla in the whole 9} lines long; tube cylindrical
for half its length; segments rhomboidally obovate, acute at one angle; anthers short;
disk of 5 obtuse lobes, as long as the 2 obtusely ovoid ovaries.

39. Ecuttes AxpRrEUXII, nob.: Amblyanthera Andrieuzii, Müll. l. c. p. 422. Circa Oaxaca (Andrieux
249) : non vidi.

A subscandent species, near S. Karwinskii, with terete, glabrous, reddish, subverrucose
branchlets 1 line thick; branches at the base (and probably the axils) surrounded by a ring
of scaly glands, densely foliaceous above; leaves narrowly obovate, or obovate-lanceolate,
acute at both ends, rigidly membranaceous, fuscous, hirto-puberulous above, with about 6
pairs of nearly obsolete nerves, yellowish beneath and softly pubescent, 93-15 lines long,
31-1 lines broad, on petioles 14-24 lines long; racemes axillary, a little longer than the
leaves, subglabrous, a little deflexed, simple, bearing few pedicellate flowers, the 2 lower
ones opposite, the rest alternate, on rigid pedicels 1-13 line long, supported by lanceolate
puberulous bracteoles of the same length ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, puberulous outside, with
membranaceous margins, 14 line long, having as many subulate inner scales; corolla
altogether 52-7 lines long; tube rather broadly cylindrical, somewhat thicker at the
base, swelling campanularly above to a breadth of 2 lines ; segments rhomboidally obovate,
half as long as the tube; disk of 5 free obtusely oblong lobes, as long as the 2 ovoid
ovaries.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 207

40. Ecnires LANATA, Mart. & Gall. Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. p. 359; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 476. In prov, Oaxaca :
non vidi.

A species said to resemble Zehites montana of Kunth, with pubescent branches; leaves
obovate, cordate, acuminate, coriaceous, densely pubescent above, woolly beneath, sessile ;
racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, bearing several lax pedicellate flowers, rather
less than 1 inch long; sepals obtusely ovate, glabrous ; corolla hypocrateriform ; stamens
included.

41. Ecnites LINEARIS, Velloz, Fl. Flum. p. 111, Icon. iii. tab. 36: Forsteronia? linearis, Müll. l. c.
p.107. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, ad Santa Cruz (Velloz) : non vidi. ý

A plant known only to Velloz. It isa stoutish climber, with slender flexuose branch-
lets, having axils 2—4 in. apart; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute at the base, acuminate,
4-43 in. long, 13-22 in. broad, on stoutish reflexed spreading petioles 3—1 in. long;
raceme terminal, simple, spicately flowered, 4 in. long, on a peduncle bare at the base for
13 in., bearing upwards about 15 simple, alternate, rather small flowers on pedicels 2 lines
long, supported by 2 opposite, small, acute bracts; sepals acute, 1 line long; corolla
(apparently in bud) 5 lines long, yellow; tube very short; segments linear-subulate,
erect, 3 lines long; stamens partly exserted; disk of 5 free lobes surrounding the 2
oblong ovaries; style short; clavuncle incrassate.

Müller, who did not see this plant, refers it doubtfully to Forsteronia; but it differs
from that genus in its simple, spicate inflorescence with alternate larger flowers. For
the same reasons it cannot belong to Thyrsamthus nor to Exothostemon. From Lchites
proper it differs in its undeveloped flowers, by its very short tube and subexserted
stamens ; but it accords in its spicate inflorescence. Till more is known of it, the species
will remain in Zchites, with an exceptional development in the shape of its corolla.
The opposite bracteoles at the base of the pedicels are omitted by the Paris draughtsman ;
but they are shown in the analytical figure.

'TEMNADENIA.

A group of species, uniform in their characters, mostly climbing plants with opposite
elliptie leaves generally cordate at the base and pubescent ; inflorescence more frequently
lateral, on a deflexed peduncle supporting 2 floriferous branches bearing several pretty
flowers; fruit of 2 terete very woolly follicles, conjoined at the apex.

TEMNADENIA *, nob. Sepala 5, lanceolata, tenuiter acuminata, margine membranacea, quincuncialiter
imbricata, intus squamula sublaciniata singulatim munita. Corolla subhypocrateriformis 5 tubus
cylindricus, parallele striatus, sepe sub medium subito constrictus, superne infundibuliformis,
fauce nudus aut in gula carnosula crebre costulatus, vel raro in lineola transversa contractus.
Segmenta 5, oblonga, oblique et rotundate dolabriformia, horizontaliter expansa. et dextrorsum
convoluta. Stamina 5, inclusa, ad constrictionem tubi inserta; filamenta brevia, pilosa, ex eeng
piloso orta; anthere lineares, acuminate, in conum subcoh:rentes, imo acute bifurcate. Discus
cylindricus, fere ad basin quinquefissus, lobis oblongis obtusis emarginatis ; ovaria 2, subzequilonga
aut paullo longiora. Stylus tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, cylindrica, imo membranula peltata

* From réurw (scindo), Aäis (glanda), from its disk cleft into 5 segments nearly to the base.

208 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAL,

indusiata ; stigmata 2, minima, terminalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, apice conjuncti, densissime albo.
tomentosi; semina plurima, comosa.

Suffrutices Americe meridionalis, plerumque Brasilienses ; rami sepe alte scandentes ; folia opposita,
elliptica, acuta, imo sepius cordata, brevipetiolata ; inflorescentia racemosa; pedunculus lateralis,
deflexus, apice parallele 2-ramosus, ramis undique plurifloris; flores plerumque rosei aut violacei
pedicellati et breviter bracteolati.

l. TEMNADENIA VIOLACEA, nob.: Echites violacea, Vell. (non Müll), Flora Flum. p. 110, Icon. iii.
tab. 31; A. DC. Le p. 459; Stadelm. Z. c. p. 34. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, circa Itagoahy
(Velloz): v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander) ; im herb. Reg. Hort. ex prov. Sab
Paulo (Weir 122).

A scandent species, with dark costately striate scabridulous branches; axils 3-4 in.
apart, dilated, with a short stipule on each side of the petioles; leaves oblong, rounded
and deeply cordate at the base, gradually acuminate or more suddenly acute at the
summit, submembranaceous, above fuscous green, opake, scabridly pruinose, with im-
mersed nerves, beneath opake, yellowish hepatic, scabrid, and rigidly hirsutulous, 2}—4 in.
long, 11-2 in. broad, on reflexed pubescent petioles 2 lines long; raceme lateral at the
axils, 4 in. long; peduncle deflexed, 13 in. long, bifid at the summit, each branch bear-
ing about 10 alternate flowers, on patent subpilose pedicels 6 lines long, having an acute
bract $ line long at their base; sepals ovate, acuminate, subpilose, reddish, 3 lines long,
13 line broad, each with 3 small lanceolate inner scales; corolla 24 in. long, violet below,
upper portion of a deep rose-colour; tube 15 lines long, cylindrical and ventricose at the
base for a length of 6 lines, there suddenly constricted, rather broadly cylindrical or in-
fundibuliform above, sparsely pilose outside; segments dolabriform, 10 lines long, 9 lines
broad, suberispate on the margins, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens inserted in the
eonstrietion of the tube, on a retrorsely pilose niveous ring; anthers 21 lines long,
cohering in a cone, very acuminate, subhirsute behind, with 2 acute stoutish basal lobes;
disk fleshy, cleft for more than half its length into 5 emarginated lobes as long as the
2 globular ovaries; style slender; clavuncle incrassate, with a basal membranaceous
expansion. Follicles terete, striate, said by Weir to be 6 in. long; seeds oblong, with
a long rostrum as in Stipecoma, dorsally convex, and interruptedly costulate, concave
on the ventral face, 54 lines long, 14 line broad, with a linear raphe, crowned by a
spreading silky coma 11 lines long.

2. TeMNADENIA BICRURA, nob.: Echites varia, Müll. (non Stadelm.) Z. c. p. 157 (excl. var. purpurea et
sulphurea), tab. 47. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (no. 1587 et
4020).

The drawing above figured in the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis’ was taken from a plant introduced
into the Paris Garden from Rio de Janeiro. 1 found it in a living state at distant places
in that province in 1830 and 1838, and then made drawings of it, its chief peculiarity con-
sisting in its long pendent bifid raceme; its tortuous branches are fuscous, striate, and
shortly hirsute, with dilated axils 4-5 in. apart, furnished on each side of the petioles
with 2 small acute stipules ; opposite leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded or some-
what acute at the base, suddenly constricted into a short mucronulate acumen, membra-

— — mmm, mmm ` mmm, — — GL — —— mmm —-—— ———X— 2
- — ` 2 -

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 209

naceous, subundulate on the margins, above fuscous green, opake, obsoletely velutinous,
with very fine prominulent nerves, beneath yellowish ferruginous, very opake, pube-
rulous, with rubescent prominulent nerves, 3-4 in. long, 11-21 in. broad, on tortuous
pubescent petioles 2-3 lines long; inflorescence lateral at the axils, about 6 in. long,
on a stoutish velutinous reflexed peduncle 12 in. long, bearing at its apex 2 equal race-
mose subflexuose branches 23-31 in. long, spicate, with numerous alternate flowers
1-2 lines apart, on pedicels 6-9 lines long, with a setaceous bractlet at their base 1-2
lines long; sepals acuminate, recurved at the apex, 5 lines long, each with an acute
bidentate basal scale; tube of corolla darkish red, 10 lines long, somewhat broadly
cylindrical, much contracted in the middle; segments broadish, inequilaterally rounded,
dolabriform, with a dextrorse convolution, 4 lines long, 4 lines broad, of a palish yellow
colour; stamens inserted at the contraction of the tube, on a narrow ring of retrorse
white hairs; anthers cohering in a cone, very acuminate, with 2 long, divergent, in-
curving, aristiform basal forks; disk fleshy, split nearly to the base into 5 emarginate,
striate lobes as long as the 2 globose ovaries; style slender; clavuncle incrassate,
5-sulcate, with a basal peltate membrane, and terminated by 2 small obtuse stigmata ;
follicles unknown.

3. Temnapenta LOBBIANA, nob. : Echites hirsuta, Hook. (non Rich., nec R. € P., nec Stadelm.), Bot.
Mag. tab. 3997 : Echites lasiocarpa (in parte), inclus. var. Lobbiana, A. DC. 1. c. p. 464. In Brasilia,
prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. circa Magé, et sicc. in herb. meo (4022).

This species was figured by me from a living plant in 1836; and with this the plant
introduced from Rio de Janeiro at a later date, and figured by Sir Wm. Hooker, well
accords. It is a scandent species, with terete flexuose hirsute branches, its woolly sub-
dilated axils 4 in. apart, with 2 linear pubescent stipules on each face 1 line long; the
opposite leaves are elliptic-oblong, cordate at the base, somewhat suddenly constricted
into a short cuspidate acumen, entire margins subundulate and subrevolute, deepish
green above, opake, shortly and sparsely puberulous above, with prominulent nerves,
beneath pale yellowish, opake, pubescent, the slender prominulent nerves being patently
pilose, 442 in. long (including the rounded basal lobes 3 lines deep, and the acumen
5 lines long), 2-21 in. broad, on patently pubescent petioles 6-9 lines long; a single
lateral raceme at the nodes, on a stoutish woolly deflexed peduncle 6 lines long, bearing
upwards about 6-8 approximate flowers on yellowish woolly pedicels 3 lines long, each
supported by a short ovate bract; sepals lanceolate, hispidly pubescent, erect, 4 lines
long, each with an internal broad denticulate scale; corolla rather large, with a border
of a pale yellow colour, with red striate lines in the throat; tube reddish, 16 lines long,
narrowed at the base for 7 lines, sparsely pubescent, above funnel-shaped ; segments
dolabriform, deeply uncinate at the left angle, dextrorsely convolute, 6 lines long and
broad; stamens seated on a densely pilose ring at the contraction of the tube ; anthers
cohering in a cone, biaristate at the base; disk rather deeply cleft into 5 fleshy ob-
long emarginate lobes, a little shorter than the 2 acute pubescent ovaries style slender ;
clavuncle large, 5-grooved, with a basal peltate membrane; follicles 2, linear, com-

pressed, conjoined at the apex; in my specimen these are immature, sare covered
E

210 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA.

with white woolly hairs, 14 in. long (when matured, 6 in. long); seeds with a yellowish
coma.

A drawing of this plant in flower and fruit, together with figures of the seed of
T. violacea, are shown in Plate XXX.

4. TEMNADENIA LASIOCARPA, nob.: Echites lasiocarpa, A. DC. l.c. p. 463 (excl. 2.var.).. In Brasilia,
prov. Cuyaba : non vidi.

A climbing species, growing in hedges. Leaves ovate or ovate- oblong, narrower at the
base, and there auriculately cordate, cuspidate at the apex, undulate on the margin, ob-
soletely pilose above, adpressed hirsute beneath, 3-5 in. long, 13-25 in. broad, on petioles
6 lines long; racemes axillary, half as long as the leaves, bearing many flowers on pedi-
cels 3 lines long; sepals subulately linear, with pellucid margins, each with a truncate
scarcely dentate scale; corolla ineano-villous outside, with a yellow tube 1 in. long, nar-
rowed in the lower half, funnel-shaped above, with obovate segments; disk of 5 oblong
obtuse lobes ; follieles 2, terete, erect, torulose, subconjoined at the apex, ferruginously
hirsute ; seeds with an ochraceous coma.

A very well-marked species.

5. TEMNADENIA STELLARIS, nob.: Echites stellaris, Lindl. Bot. Reg. tab. 1664; A. DC. I. c. p. 457 (excl.
pl. Gardn. 1060): Echites varia, Müll., var. rosea, l. c. p. 158. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. in mont. Organ. fluv. Parahyba (Gardn. 5544).

A scandent species, well represented in the drawing above cited, taken from a cultivated
plant obtained from Rio de Janeiro, which corresponds with Gardner's cited specimen :
it is near 7. bicrura. Its slender branches cinereo-pubescent, have dilated substipular
axils 4-5 in. apart; opposite leaves elliptic, gradually very narrow towards the recurved
subplicate base, which is there cordate, or rather bilobed, gradually acuminate at the
apex, membranaceous, ciliate on the margin, light green above, opake, softly and shortly
puberulous, with subimmersed slender nerves, paler beneath, of a reddish fulvous colour,
opake, pubescent, patently pilose on the scarcely prominulent midrib and nerves, 2#-
33 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 4 lines long; raceme lateral at the
nodes, 3 in. long, including the suddenly deflexed peduncle of half that length, bearing
beyond numerous approximate flowers on slender pubescent pedicels 4 lines long, sup-
ported by minute bracts; sepals linear, acuminate, pubescent, 4 lines long, each with 3
unequal acute basal scales; corolla tubular; tube 9 lines long, AA swelling up-
wards and downwards from the middle, where it is considerably contracted, marked by
parallel nerves ; segments subfieshy, dolabriform, acute at the sinister angle, dextrorsely
convolute, 6 lines long, 4 lines broad, of a yellowish pink colour, marked in the mouth
with several radiating, confluent, stellated dark-red patches; stamens seated in the con-
tracted portion of the tube, on a narrow retrorsely pilose ring; anthers cohering in a
eone, very acuminate, with 2 divergent, incurved, long, aristiform basal prongs, hirsu-
tulous behind ; disk fleshy, slit nearly to the base into 5 obtuse lobes, as long as the 2

rounded ovaries ; style slender; clavuncle oblong, incrassate, with a basal dëser: mem-
brane; follicles not known.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 211

6. TEMNADENIA SECUNDIFLORA, nob. : Echites secundiflora, A. DC. l.c. p. 457. In Mexico: non vidi.

A subscandent plant, with slender, pallid, glabrous branches ; leaves oblong-ovate, cor-
date, acuminate, membranaceous, 2 in. long, 9-10 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long;
racemes simple, axillary, pendulous, 6 in. long, fructiferous at the base, bearing above
several alternate secund flowers, on pedicels 2 lines long, supported by lanceolate bracts
1 line long; sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in.
long, greenish yellow, narrow at the base; segments obovate-oblong, crispate, subre-
flexed, 6 lines long, yellowish, with crimson spots at their base ; follicles linear, torulose,
subcoherent at the apex, 4-5 in. long.

A species in habit, inflorescence, and spotted corolla approaching 7. stellaris.

7. TEMNADENIA PALLIDIFLORA, nob. : Echites Franciscet, Hook. (non Lindl.), var. pallidiflora, Bot. Mag.
76, tab. 4547 : Echites varia, Müll. (non Stadelm.), var. sulphurea, l. c. p. 158. In Brasilia, prov.
Rio de Janeiro, inter Magé et Freichal : v. v. et sicco in herb. meo (No. 4031).

My specimen agrees well with Sir Wm. Hooker's drawing of a plant received from
Rio de Janeiro, and cultivated in the Botanic Garden of Paris. It is a climbing species,
near T. bicrura, with slender, terete, softly puberulous branches, with axils 3-3} in.
apart; leaves opposite, oblong, narrowing below the middle, cordate and obtusely bilobed
at the base, suddenly constricted at the summit into a short acute acumen, submembra-
naceous, pale green above, rigidly and sparsely pilose above, the hairs growing out of
scabridly globular prominences, ciliate on the margin, opake, and pale yellowish
beneath, the reddish midrib, nerves, and transversely reticulate veins prominulent and
furnished with long white very patent hairs, 2-3 in. long, {-1} in. broad, on sud-
denly reflexed cano-tomentose petioles 3-5 lines long; raceme lateral, as long as the
smaller leaves, on a hirsutely pubescent peduncle 9 lines long, bearing upwards about
10 alternate subapproximate flowers, on hairy deflexed pedicels 2 lines long, with a
short acute basal bract; sepals linear-lanceolate, very attenuated at the summit, thickly
pilose outside, with membranaceous margins, each with an inner denticulate scale ;
corolla, of a pale yellow colour, marked by roseate spots in the mouth, densely niveo-
tomentose outside; tube cylindrical, 12 lines long, contracted 5 lines above the base,
subcampanulate above; segments deltoid, dolabriform, with an acute tooth at the sinister
angle, roundly expanded at the other side, and dextrorsely convolute, 4 lines long and
broad.

8. TEMNADENIA LEPTOLOBA, nob. : Echites leptoloba, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, Beibl. i. p. 157; A. DC.
l.c. p. 456. In sylvis Rio Japuré et Rio Negro: non vidi. |

A shrub with a striate stem and subfiliform, terete, glabrous branches, having remote
axils; leaves ovate, membranaceous, upper ones narrower, cuneate at the base, ene
at the apex, lower ones subobtuse at the base and acute above, 3-44 in. long, 2-23 in.
broad, on petioles 6-9 lines long; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves ; peduncle
bifid; pedicels 6 lines long, supported by ovate-lanceolate bracts, scarcely 1 line long;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, patent, 2 lines long, each with an inner, trapezoidal, obsoletely .

bidentate scale } line long; corolla yellow, glabrous; tube striate, 6 ae ue con-
à E

212 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJX.

stricted at the mouth; segments oval, undulate, 3 lines long; disk of 5 oblong lobes,
longer than the 2 ovaries; follicles 2, more than a foot long, subtorulose, sometimes
conjoined at the apex.

This plant, from its habit, bifid raceme, from the tube of its corolla constricted below
the mouth, its disk, and its follicles conjoined at the apex, agrees with Temnadenia, and
seems near 7. secundiflora.

9. TEMNADENIA CoRDATA, nob.: Echites cordata, A. DC. l. c. p. 451. In Mexico (Mocin et Sessé, cum
icon. ined.) : non vidi.

A climbing species with flexible, terete, pilose branches ; leaves ovate, acuminate, cor-
date at the base, ciliate, pilose, 3 in. long, 18-20 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long;
racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, on a simple pilose peduncle bearing several
alternate flowers spicately disposed on pedicels 3 lines long, supported by lanceolate
bracteoles 1 line long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 3 lines long; corolla yellow ; tube
cylindrieal, 8 lines long, narrowed a little below the middle, smooth in the mouth ; seg-
ments ovate, acute, 3 lines long and broad; anthers conniving in a cone in the middle
of the tube; style pilose ; stigma bilobed; disk of 5 free linear lobes.

This plant bears all the characters of Temnadenia, and appears to be near T. secundi-
flora and T. glaucescens from the same country.

10. Temnaventa FranciscEa, nob.: Echites Franciscea, Lindl. (non Hook.) Bot. Reg. xxxiii. tab. 34;
A. DC. Z. c. p. 452: Echites violacea, Müll. (non Vell.) l. c. p. 158, tab. 50. fig. 3 (flos) : Echites
varia, Müll. (non Stadelm.), var. purpurea, l.c. p. 158: EcAites Mazimiliana, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit.
1841, p. 43; A. DC. L c. p. 462. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ad Penedo,
Rio San Francisco (Gardner 1354) ; Rio San Franciseo (Blanchet 2865).

Gardner's specimen from Penedo agrees well with Lindley's drawing. It is a handsome
scandent plant, with flexuose puberulous branches, and axils 3 in. apart; leaves ovate,
plicate and obsoletely eordate at the base, mucronately acute, velutinous on both sides,
3-3$ in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 3 lines long; raceme lateral,
pubescent, on a suddenly deflexed peduncle bare for the length of 1 in., thence densely
many-flowered on pedicels 4-6 lines long; sepals acuminate, 2-3 lines long, with 5 inner
lanceolate scales at the base of each; corolla 20 lines long, rose-coloured, with 5 stel-
lular, yellow, oblong patches in the mouth; tube glabrous, constricted a little below the
middle for 6 lines, 14 lines long; segments rhomboidally dolabriform, 6 lines long, 9 lines
broad, rotate ; stamens inserted at the contraction of the tube; anthers coherent, acumi-

nate, pilose dorsally, biaristate at the base; disk partly cleft into 5 oblong emarginate
lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovate ovaries.

11. TeMNADENIA XANTHOSTOMA, nob. : Echites zanthostoma, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 55; A. DC.
l.c. p. 468: Dipladenia zanthostoma, Müll. l. c. p. 123 (excl. syn.). In Brasilia, prov. Sad Paulo:

non vidi.
Miller wrongly regarded this plant as identical with Dipladenia saponarie, A. DC. ;
but it cannot belong that genus, as its disk shows. It has a short erect stem, with
approximate leaves, which are oblong-lanceolate, contracted towards the base, acuminate,

AB A A ——— SS —— A ` REEL

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 213

~

mucronate, glabrous, the superior ones spathulate, 14 in. long, 6-8 lines broad, on
petióles 1 line long; peduncle terminal, 2 in. long, bearing a few purplish scarlet flowers
yellow in the mouth, on bracteolate pedicels 4-6 lines long; sepals acuminate, 6 lines

long; tube of corolla 1 in. long; segments 6-8 lines long, 2 lines broad; stamens inserted
in the middle of the tube, with membranaceous tips; disk of 5 erect lobes, subciliate.

12. TsMNADENIA PALUSTRIS, nob.: Echites palustris, Salzmann: Echites tomentosa, var. laticordata,
A. DC. I. c. p. 463: Amblyanthera palustris, Müll. l c. p. 145. In Brasilia, prope Bahia (Salz-
mann): non vidi.

A climbing plant, with branches covered with yellow shaggy hairs, its axils remote ;
leaves oblong-elliptic, openly cordate at the base, with a long acute acumen, membra-
naceous, darkish above, sparsely hirsute, more densely hirsute beneath, 4-5 in. long,
2 in. broad, on petioles 1 in. long; raceme lateral, on a long rigid peduncle, fulvo-
hirsute, bearing about 12 large flowers on pedicels 3 lines long, with lanceolate-ovate
bracts 3 lines long; sepals acuminately ovate, hirsute, 6 lines long, with an inner mul-
tidentate scale; corolla yellow, 2 in. long; tube narrowly cylindrical for two thirds of
its length, broadly campanulate above, sericeo-pilose within ; segments half its length ;
disk sub-5-lobed, shorter than the 2 ovaries; follicles 2, terete, obtuse at the base, toru-
lose, hirsute, 4 in. long, conjoined at the apex ; seeds 2-3 lines long, comose..

This species is near 7. lasiocarpa, and must not be confounded with the Rhabdadenia
paludosa (Echites paludosa, Vahl) nor with the Echites paludosa, H. B. K.

A

13. TEMNADENIA srMIDIGYNA, nob.: Echites semidigyna, Berg, in Abh. Ulyssingen (Flushing), iii. p. 588,
cum icone; Gmelin, Syst. Veg. iv. p. 436; A. DC. l. c. p. 474. In Guiana Batava: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. Surinam (Anderson, ex hb. Rudge).

Anderson’s specimen agrees with the description and drawing of Berg. It is a climb-
ing plant, having terete branches, roughly striate, with axils 13-2 in. apart; leaves
elliptic-oblong, aeute at both ends, acuminate, chartaceous, green and concolorous on
both sides, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on slender petioles 4-6 lines long; í—
axillary and opposite, 4 in. long, on a very slender peduncle thiekened at the summit,
minutely bracteolate at the base, 3 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong, imbricate, 2 lines
long, with several inner basal scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, narrower below the
middle, somewhat swollen in the mouth, 10 lines long; segments obliquely oblong, 5
lines long, 2 lines broad ; stamens inserted on the contraction of the tube; filaments
very short, pubescent ; anthers acuminate, sagittate at the base, pilose behind ; disk
urceolate, cleft into 5 oblong, obtuse, emarginate lobes, longer than the 2 subglobose
ovaries ; style slender, shortly bifid at the base; clavuncle oblong, 5-sulcate, expanded
at the base, and adhering to the anthers.

14. TEMNADENIA TOMENTOSA, nob: Echites tomentosa, Vahl, Symb. fasc. iii. p. 44, Icon. tab. 5; A. DC.
l. c. p. 463; Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 247: Amblyanthera tomentosa, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 450.
Prope Cayenne: non vidi.

A plant with tortuous, slender, hirsute branches, with axils 13-2 in. apart; opposite

214 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

leaves obovate-elliptic, diminishing below the middle into 2 narrow, cordate, incumbent
lobes, gradually acuminate, flatly hirsute above, scabridulous beneath, adpréssed
pilose on the prominulent nerves and veins, 21-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles
4-5 lines long; raceme lateral, pilose; peduncle hirsute, 9 lines long, bearing upwards
many approximate flowers on pubescent pedicels 4 lines long; sepals narrowly lanceo-
late, glabrous, 5 lines long; tube of corolla 21 lines long, contracted at the base for
7 lines, funnel-shaped above, cinereo-pubescent ; segments dolabriform, 9 lines long, 6
lines broad; stamens inserted on a pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; follicles
brown, terete, torulous, acute at both ends, subglabrous, 7-9 in. long; seeds 6 lines long,
with a rufescent coma 11 lines long.

15. TEMNADENIA GLAUCESCENS, nob.: Echites glaucescens, Mart. & Gal. Acad. Brux. xi. p. 358; Walp.
Rep. vi. p. 476. Circa Oaxaca, in montibus : non vidi.

A species with scandent glabrous branches; leaves ovate, cordate, acute, petiolate,
glaucous beneath ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, with an elongated peduncle
bearing 3—4 secund pedicellate flowers; sepals small, lanceolate ; corolla funnel-shaped,
13 in. long; tube narrowed at the base for half an inch, broadening above; segments
roundish ; anthers included ; disk of 5 free lobes.

16. TeEMNADENIA SOLANIFOLIA, nob.: Hemadictyon? solanifolium, Müll. l. c. p. 171, tab. 49. In Brasilia,
prov. Rio de Janeiro (Schiich, Akermann) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. circa Itagoahy, in flore; prov.
S. Paulo, in fructu (Bowie and Cunningham).

The plant above cited agrees with the description and drawing of Müller; and though
its flowers are somewhat smaller, they bear all the characters of Zemnadenia and none
of the essential features of Hemadictyon, wanting the peculiar corona and the buccal
appendages of the latter genus, in which it is doubtfully placed by Müller. It is a sub-
scandent plant, with subflexuose ferruginously puberulous branches incrassate at the
axils, which are 3-4 in. apart; leaves elliptic, obtuse or subacute at the base, constricted
into an acute or obtuse mucronulate acumen at the summit, chartaceous, with revolute
margins, finely corrugulate and fuscous green above, subasperously granulate, with
about 8 pairs of slender divergent immersed nerves, yellowish opake beneath, granularly
scabridulous, with obsolete hairs on granules upon the midrib and nerves, which are
fuscous and prominulent, 24-44 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on slender pilose channelled
petioles 3-4 lines long; panicle lateral, ferruginously puberulous, on a terete peduncle
6 lines long, bifid at the apex, each branch bearing about 6 opposite flowers on slender
spirally twisted pedicels 3-6 lines long, with a small linear basal bracteole; sepals
narrowly laneeolate, subpuberulous, with ciliolate margins, 3 lines long, each with
an inner broadish subdentate scale; tube of corolla 6 lines long, a little ventricose
above the middle, cylindrical above, where it is fuscous, thickish, and marked within the
throat by 10 subpuberulous lines, but without corona or buccal appendages; segments
rounder on one side, simply convolute dextrorsely, 3 lines long; stamens inserted on
a pilose ring at the lower constriction of the tube; anthers slender, coherent, rigid,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEEX. 215

acuminate, with 2 acute basal prongs; disk of 5 erect emarginate lobes, as long as the
2 ovate ovaries; follicles 2, nearly straight, terete, subparallel, suddenly inflected near
the apex, seemingly as if they had been there conjoined, black, opake, lenticellate,
2? in. long, 1 line thick; seeds many, linearly fusiform, i line long, compressed and
subchannelled on the ventral face, which bears a longitudinal raphe terminating in a
point by which they are attached to the placenta, striate on the dorsal face; a widely
spreading sericeous coma of fine soft hairs, 12 lines long, with an outer series of hairs of
half that length.

17. TEMNADENIA CORRUGULATA, nob.: volubilis, ramulis tenuissimis: foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo sub-
acutis, acuminatis, marginibus subrevolutis, undulatis, flaccide chartaceis, utrinque minutissime
corrugulatis, supra leete viridibus, ad costam nervisque sulcatis, ad basin coste glandula munitis,
subtus flavide opacis, subscabridulis, costa nervisque fuscis et prominulis, eveniis, petiolo tenui:
racemis lateralibus, simplicibus, quam folium quadruplo brevioribus; floribus subapproximatis ;
pedieellis tenuibus, calyce paullulo longioribus; sepalis lanceolato-linearibus, puberulis, intus
squamula obtusa donatis; coroll tubo cylindrico, parallele nervoso, quam calyx duplo longiore ;
. segmentis inzequilatere deltoideis, quam tubus dimidio brevioribus, dextrorsum convolutis ; staminibus
medio tubi insertis; antheris longe cuspidatis, basi tenuiter biaristatis; disci lobis emarginatis,
ovaria «equantibus : ceteris ut in precedentibus. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro,
in montibus (Bowie et Cunningham).

A species closely approaching the preceding. The axils of its slender branches are 3 in.
apart; leaves 2-31 in. long, 3—14 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; raceme 1 in. long»
with about 10 congested flowers on pedicels 23 lines long; sepals 13 line long; tube of
corolla 6 lines long, its throat exactly as in the last species; the segments 24 lines long
and broad. It differs from the preceding in its more corrugulate leaves, not folded at
the base, in its shorter raceme on a shorter peduncle, smaller flowers, in its erect sepals,

with a rounded internal scale, and in its longer disk.

18. TEMNADENIA PARVIFLORA, nob.: Hemadictyon parviflorum, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 355. In Nova
Granada, circa Pandi (Hartweg 1053): non vidi.

A plant bearing all the appearance of a Prestonia, as Mr. Bentham observed. Its
scandent branches are softly and rufously tomentous, its axils furnished with many seti-
form stipules; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed below the middle, acute at the base, acu-
minate, softly chartaceous, villous above, sericeo-tomentous beneath, 4-7 in. long, 2-4
in. broad, on petioles 6-12 lines long ; corymb terminal, on a divided peduncle bearing
numerous flowers in a densely capitate head 1-3 in. in diameter, on thickish subfasci-
culated tomentose pedicels 3 lines long; sepals membranaceous, very acuminate, velu-
tino-tomentose, 21 lines long, each with an inner bifid or 2 simple scales; corolla villous
outside; tube nearly 3 lines long, its mouth fleshy, without appendages; Segments
nearly as long as the tube, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous ; stamens seated on a pilose ring
in the middle of the tube; filaments short; anthers included, the tips scarcely exserted ;
disk of 5 connate bifid lobes as long as the villous ovaries; follicles less than a foot long.
clothed with rufo-velutinous hairs; seeds with a long apical coma.

*

216 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

19. TEMNADENIA RIEDELIHI, nob. : Hemadictyon Riedelii, Müll. l. c. p. 170. In Brasilia, prov. S. Paulo,
ad Sorocaba (Riedel 1973) : v. s. in herb. meo Campinas (Weir 75).

Weir's plant is from the same province as that of Riedel’s. It is a climbing species,
with stoutish, flexuose, pale, subfistulous branches, covered with a short yellow tomentum,
with dilated axils 5 in. apart, furnished along the transverse ridge with several pectinoid
stipules; leaves ovate, at the base suddenly and acutely constricted upon the petiole,
with an abrupt acute acumen, submémbranaceous, pallid green above, with short dense
yellow pubescence on the flattened midrib and on 5-6 pairs of arching prominulent
nerves and transversely reticulated veins, beneath of a yellowish hue, shortly tomen-
tellous, especially on the little prominulent nerves and veins, 44 in. long, 23—3 in. broad,
on stout floccose petioles Y lines long; corymb solitary and lateral at the uodes, with a
peduncle rising out of an involucel of scales, 1 in. long, somewhat 2-branched, each
branch laxly flowered, puberulous; flowers mostly geminate upon slender pedicels
6 lines long, with corresponding opposite linear-oblong bracts of the same length; sepals
oblong, acuminate, pilose on both sides, 5-7 lines long, 2 lines broad, each with an inner
broadly ovate truncate scale denticulate at the apex; tube of corolla broadish, cylin-
drical, reddish, glabrous, 6 lines long, thickish in the mouth, without appendages ;
segments oblong-ovate, inequilateral, 4 lines long, 24 lines broad, glabrous; stamens
inserted upon 5 pilose lines in the middle of the tube; anthers acuminate, 31 lines long,
with 2 basal divaricate prongs 1 line long.

20. TEMNADENIA TENUICULA, nob.: ramis tenuiculis, teretibus, subglabris; axillis remotis, dilatatis,
cum stipulis parvis acutis 2 vel plurimis pectinatim dispositis : foliis lanceolato-oblongis, imo ob-
tusis et obsolete cordatis, apice gradatim angustatis et breviter acuminatis, supra fusco-viridibus,
nitidulis, parenchymate ruguloso, nervis tenuissimis, arcuatis, subimmersis, subtus fere concoloribus,
opacis, nervis vix prominulis; petiolis tenuibus, patentibus : corymbo laterali, solitario, quam folium
breviore; pedunculo crassiusculo, imo squamulis involucellato, apice 2-3-farcato, ramis congestim plu-
rifloris et capitatis ; pedicellis tenuibus, quam calyx duplo longioribus, bracteola parva acuta suffultis ;
sepalis lineari-oblongis, submembranaceis, acutis, intus squama late triangulari munitis; corolla
subparva; tubo cylindrico, quam calyx duplo longiore, fauce interrupte callosa, appendicibus nullis ;
segmentis insequilatere ovatis, acutis, tubo } brevioribus; staminibus annulo piloso in medio tubi
insertis ; antheris linearibus, acutis, faucem vix attingentibus, imo furcis 2 incurvis brevibus armatis,
dorso pruinosis; disco urceolato, in lobos 5 apice denticulatos inciso, quam ovarium longiore. In
Brasilia: v. v. ef sicc. in herb. meo (no. 4050), Rio Paquequer, in montibus Organensibus.

I found this plant in flower in Jan. 1838. It approaches 7. solanifolia in habit, dif-
fering in its smaller leaves, and flowers aggregated in a more capitate head ; its branches
are only $ line thick, its axils 33-44 in. apart, with many stipules 4 line long; leaves
133 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, on petioles 2-2} lines long; corymb 11 in. long; peduncle
bare for ¿ in., its branches many-flowered from the base on pedicels 4-5 lines long;
sepals 23-3 lines long, 1 line broad; tube of corolla narrower in the middle, 5 lines long;
segments 3 lines long, 2 lines broad ; anthers 21 lines long.

21. TEMNADENIA ANNULARIS, nob.: Prestonia annularis, G. Don, Dict. iv. p.84: Echites annularis, Linn.
fil. Suppl. 166: Hemadictyon? annulare, A. DC. l. c. p. 428. In Surinam: non vidi.

A climbing species, with opposite petiolate leaves 1 foot long; corymb axillary, on a

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 217

bifid peduncle; sepals oblong, erect, concave; tube of corolla cylindrical, longer than
the calyx, with a prominent ring in the mouth, concave beneath, apparently without
appendages ` segments obliquely roundish, emarginate, rotate; disk of 5 small ovate
lobes. i

From its bifid peduncle and flowers without faucial appendages, it probably belongs
to this group.

22. TEMNADENIA QUINQUANGULARIS, nob. : Echites quinquangularis, Jacq. Amer. p. 32, tab. 25; A. DC.
l.c. p. 468: Prestonia quinguangularis, Spr. Syst. i. p. 637. Ad Carthagena: non vidi.

A climbing species, with scabridulous branches, the cdo 54 in. apart; leaves opposite,
elliptic- obovate, obtuse at the base, subacute at the reflexed summit, nerves divergent,
243 in. long, 13-13 in. broad, on patent slender petioles 8 lines long; raceme lateral,
not quite as TA as the leaves; peduncle bare for 1 in., bearing above 12-16 subalter-
nate flowers on reflexed pedicels 3 lines long ; sepals aeuminate, reflexed at the apex,
2 lines long; corolla greenish-yellow, with a white cylindrical tube, broader at its base,
9 lines long, pentagonal above, and somewhat thickened in the mouth, without any
apparent appendages; segments obovate, obliquely truncate, 4 lines long; stamens in-
serted above the inflated portion of the tube on a pilose ring; unthers'laneeolately
acuminate, hastate at the base, cohering in a cone, which fills the upper portion of the
tube; disk 5-lobed, as long as the ovaries.

De Candolle considered this species quite foreign to Prestonia, and not conformable
with Hemadictyon; the flowers were regarded by him as agteeing with those of his
Echites cordata (Angadenia nitida, ante, p. 177).

Mrrozus*.

An extensive natural group of plants, one of the most uniform in its characters
among the Echitee, easily recognizable by their extremely slender branchlets. They
disagree utterly with Anisolobus and Amblyanthera, to which some of the species have
been referred by Müller. The Zchites funiformis of Velloz may be regarded as the
type. The almost filiform branchlets are dilated at the somewhat remote nodes, and
there furnished with 2 small caducous stipules; the leaves are opposite, generally rather
small, glabrous, oblong, often cordate at the base, pointed at the summit, upon short,
slender petioles ; the inflorescence is lateral, upon a long or shorter peduncle, bearing
several alternate flowers on minutely bracteolate pedicels ; calyx small; corolla salver-
shaped, rather small or of moderate size, with dextrorse convolution. Tts chief peculiarity
is its disk, which is tubular, submembranaceous, 5-grooved, entire on the margin or
arched between the grooves, quite or nearly concealing 2 free ovaries. The fruit consists
of 2 long, very slender follicles, smooth, often torulose, either free or conjoined at the
apex; seeds with a simple sericeous coma.

Mrrozus, nob. Calyx parvus ; sepala 5, acuta aut obtusa. Corolla mediocris ; tubus infra medium eylin-
dricus, superne amplior ; segmenta oblique ovata, tubo dimidio breviora, in estivatione dextrorsum

$ From píros (filum), ¿zos (ramus), from its funiform branches. ` á
F

948 - ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

convoluta. Stamina ad constrictionem tubi inserta; filamenta complanata, dense puberula ; anthere
lineares, cuspidatz, imo in furcas 2 parallelas obtusas fisse, dorso hispidule. Discus e lobis 5 car-
nosis, truncatis, subconnatis. Ovaria 2, disco paullo longiora. Stylus tenuis; clavuncula oblonga,
imo membrana peltata suffulta ; stigmata 2, terminalia, minima. Folliculi 2, tenuiter teretes, liberi
et erectiusculi, aut arcuati et apice nexi. Semina plurima, oblonga, raphe longitudinali notata ;
coma ampla, elastice expansa, duplo longior.

Suffrutices Americe meridionalis, debiles, sepius volubiles ; folia opposita, mediocria, oblonga, sepe
cordata, acuta, subbreviter petiolata ; racemi laterales, alternatim pluriflori; flores mediocres, pedi-
cellati ; fructus follicularis.

1. Mrrozus res, nob.: Amblyanthera funiformis, var. pedunculata, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. p. 144. In
prov. Rio de Janeiro, ad Magé : v. v. e£ sicc. in herb. meo (no. 3436).

This plant, which I found in 1837, is evidently identical with Müller's variety above
cited; but it is a species extremely different from that of Velloz. Its very twining
branches are extremely slender, scarcely 4 line thick, dilated at the axils, the lower
ones being 3 in., the upper ones 15-2 in. apart, and furnished with 2 almost obsolete
stipules; its oblong-ovate leaves are cordate at the base, contracted near the summit
into à long, narrow, acute acumen, submembranaceous, pale green above, with slender
immersed nerves, yellowish-opake beneath, with immersed reddish nerves, 1-13 in. long,
6-9 lines broad, on petioles 3—4 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle 1 in. long,
slender, bearing at its apex 6-8 flowers alternately approximate, on pedicels 5 lines
long, with a small bracteole at their base; sepals ovate, acute, 1 line long; tube of
corolla (still in bud) cylindrical below, swelling above, 12 lines long; segments 6 lines
long, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube, on a
pilose ring ; anthers acuminate, dorsally subhispid, with 2 narrow, parallel, obtuse basal
prongs; disk of 5 fleshy truncated connate lobes, as long as the 2 conical ovaries;
fructiferous peduncle 1 in. long; pedicel 9 lines long; follicles 2, arcuate and conjoined
at the summit, 3 in. long, 2 line thick; seeds 2 lines long, with a spreading, reddish-
yellow coma 34 lines long.

A drawing of this plant, in flower and in fruit, is given in Plate XXXI.

2. Mrrozus GUANABARICUS, nob.: Echites Guanabarica, Casar. Nov. Stirp. Pl. Rio Jan. No. 1483:
Echites microphylla, A. DC. (non Stadelm.) in parte, Prodr. viii. p. 459 : Amblyanthera funiformis,
Müll. /. c. p. 144 (excl. syn. Velloz), var. microphylla (in parte), tab. 44. fig. 1. In prov. Rio de
Janeiro, Cabo frio (Pohl) ; circa Rio de Janeiro (Riedel): v. v. ad pedem montium Organ. et sicco
in herb. meo (no. 4029, in fructu).

My specimen quite agrees with Müller's drawing, which was probably made from
Riedel’s specimen. It is a climbing species, very near the preceding, with very slender,
funiform, diehotomous branches, the axils being 13-2 in. apart, and bearing 2 minute
stipules; the leaves are oblong, rounded at the base, suddenly narrowed at the summit
into a much longer acute acumen, chartaceous, with subrevolute margins, pale-green
above, with reddish immersed fine nerves, paler and yellowish-opake beneath, with a
prominent yellow midrib, the nerves scarcely visible, 13-2 in. long, 8-10 lines broad, on
petioles 5-6 lines long; fructiferous peduncle 21 in. long, with the cicatrices of few
flowers above; elongated pedicel 1 in. long; follicles arcuate, divaricate, striate, sub-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER, 219

torulose, 5 in. long, 1 line thick; seeds and coma as in the preceding species; the in-
florescence similar, bearing yellow flowers.

3. Mitozus FUNIFORMIS, nob. : Echites funiformis, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 109, Icon. iii. tab. 29; A. DC. 4. c.
p. 460: Amblyanthera funiformis, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 144. In Brasilia, insulis Ilha grande et
S. Catherina : non vidi.

This species certainly does not belong to Amblyanthera ; it has been confounded by
Müller with others collected by me, here described. In the drawing of the * Flora Flu-
minensis’ the Paris artist, who roughly copied the fine drawings of Velloz, has made the
branches in the plate cited far too stout, as the name funiformis clearly indicates, and
as the branchlet on the right-hand side of the plate shows. The branches are slender,
dilated at the axils, which are 14-2 in. apart, and bear 2 minute stipules; the leaves are
ovate, cordate at the base, narrowing above the middle into an acute acumen, are 2-34
in. long, 1-12 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long ; the panicle is lateral, on a bare slender
peduncle 2-4 in. long, bearing above about 10 alternate flowers on Slender pedicels 6-9
lines long; sepals acutely ovate, 14 line long; tube of corolla 14 in. long, campanularly
widening above the middle; segments 8 lines long, 7 lines broad; stamens inserted in
the contraction of the tube; disk urceolate, 5-grooved, with a shortly crenate 5-lobed

-Margin, a little shorter than the 2 oblong ovaries; style slender, 9 lines long; clavuncle

incrassate, on a peltate membrane; follicles 2, straight, terete, parallel, nearly erect (not
conjoined at the apex), 43-5 in. long, 2 lines broad; seeds oblong, 4 lines long, coma
8 lines long.

4. Mrrozus MICROPHYLLA, nob.: Echites microphylla, Stadelm. l. c. p. 35; A. DC. l c. p. 459. In Bra-
silia, prov. Bahia et S. Paulo: non vidi.

A species notable for its small leaves, and distinct from the preceding. It isa scan-
dent plant, with very slender glabrous branches, having its axils furnished with 2
dentiform stipules; the opposite leaves are ovate-oblong, rounded and cordate at the
base, gradually acute or acuminate, green above, ferruginous beneath, with prominent
midrib and nerves, which are parallelly divergent and barbate in their axils, the veins
reticulated, 10-20 lines long, 8-10 lines broad, on pilosé petioles 23-3 lines long; raceme
lateral, 2 in. long, on a slender peduncle 1 in. long, bearing about 7 subapproximate
alternate flowers, on pedicels 3—4 lines long, supported by a small acute bract ; sepals
acute, 12 line long, with an inner denticulate scale; tube of corolla 18 lines long,
narrowed at its base for 7 lines, thence campanulate ; segments yellow, rhomboidally
ovate, inequilaterally dolabriform, 9 lines long and broad, dextrorsely convolute ; stamens
seated at the contraction of the tube; anthers cohering, membranaceous at the summit,
shortly bilobed at the base; disk urceolate, its margin searcely 5-cleft, crenulate, as long
as the ovaries ; follicles slender, cylindrical, smooth, pendulous, 7 in. long.

5. Mrrozus Buancueru, nob.: Echites Blanchetii, A. DC. l.c. p. 448; Müll. /. c. p. 157. In Brasilia
(Blanchet 3223 4), Bahia: non vidi.
A climbing species with stout branches ; branchlets slender, subtetragonous, flexuose,

cinereo-fuscous; axils ciliolate ; leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, E with
F

220 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

revolute margins, having above immersed, almost evanescent nerves, beneath punctulate-
scabrid, with short sparse soft hairs, 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on thick petioles 4 lines
long; raceme lateral, shorter than the leaves; peduncle thick, stiff, glabrous, bearing
many densely crowded smallish flowers, on pedicels viscidly puberulous, nearly 9 lines
long, thickened above; sepals obtusely ovate, scarcely 1 line long, altogether with about
8 minute internal scales ; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical for half its length, 8 lines
long, a little swollen above; segments obliquely ovate, 4 lines long; ovaries enclosed
within an urceolate disk of 5 truncated subconnate lobes.

6. Mrrozus GRACILIPES, nob. : Anisolobus? gracilipes, Müll. l.c. p.115 : Echites gracilipes, Stadelm. Bot.
Zeit. 1841, p. 22; A. DC. l.c. p. 455. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
Serra de Araripe (Gardner 1756).

A twining shrub, with slender flexuose branchlets, lenticellate and ferruginously sub-
hirsute; leaves elliptic or lanceolately oblong, obtuse at the base, shortly acuminate,
rigidly membranaceous, dark green, opake, and glabrous above, paler and hirsute be-
neath, with darker nerves, 2-3} in. long, 10-20 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long;
raceme lateral, on a slender peduncle 6-8 lines long, with many minute caducous
bractlets ; flowers on twisted, slender, puberulous pedicels ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
2$ lines long, unequal, puberulous, with membranaceous ciliate margins; corolla 10}
lines long; tube longer than the sepals, pubescent, funnel-shaped above, contraeted near
the middle, and there staminigerous ; segments sparsely pubescent on both sides, with

white margins, half as long as the tube; disk urceolate, margin shortly cleft into 5 fleshy
lobes, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

7. Mirozus TENELLUS, nob.: Odontadenia angustifolia, A. DC. l. c. p. 360. In Guiana Gallica: non
vidi.

A climbing glabrous plant, not to be confounded with the Echites angustifolia of Ben-
tham or with that of Poiret. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse and subcordate at the
base, very acute, 4 in. long, i-i in. broad, on petioles 6 lines long; panicle lateral,
nearly 4 in. long, on a dichotomously divided peduncle, bearing many flowers on re-
flexed pedicels 6 lines long ; sepals obovate-oblong, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 9 lines
long, lower part pilose within and staminigerous in the middle; disk urceolate, of 5
fleshy truncate lobes, unequally connate, a little shorter than the 2 ovaries.

It certainly does not belong to Odontadenia; it is a species apparently very close to
the preceding.

8. Mitozus LEPTOPAYLLOS, nob.: Echites leptophylla, A. DC. l. c. p. 455: Echites linearifolia, Stadelm.

(non'Hamilt.) 1. c. p.18. . In Brasilia, prov. Bahia et Goyaz : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Mission Douro
(Gardner 3517). ..

A subscandent plant, with very slender striate branches, the axils 21-3 in. apart;
opposite leaves linear-oblong, shortly cordate at the base, subacute and mucronate at the
summit, with revolute margins, rigidly coriaceous, suleate above along the middle, convex
on each side of the midrib, pale green above, sparsely and softly pubescent, with about
12 pairs of patent arcuate immersed nerves, pale yellow and pruinosely velutinous be-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. 221

neath, with immersed nerves, 2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines broad, on stoutish pilosulous petioles
1-2 lines long; raceme lateral, 1-13 in. long, pubescent, bearing 4-5 alternate flowers
on pedicels 6 lines long, supported by linear setiform bracteoles; sepals lanceolately
subulate, 13 line long, with an inner 3-dentate scale; corolla handsome, dark-red; tube
2 in. long, narrowed at the base for half its length, thence enlarged into a broad funnel-
shape, glabrous, its mouth yellow; segments violaceous, rhomboidally oval, inequi-
laterally oblique, subdolabriform, crispate, 4 lines long and broad; stamens seated on
a niveously pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; anthers membranaceous at the
apex, obtusely bifureate at the base; disk urceolate, 5-sulcate, margin 5-notched, sur-
rounding the 2 ovaries.
A species closely allied to the two preceding.

9. Mivozus TENUICAULIS, nob. : Echites tenuicaulis, Stadelm. l. c. p. 40; A. DC. L c. p. 462: Amblyanthera
versicolor, var. olivacea, Müll. l.c. p. 147. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia et Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo
et Mus. Brit. 8. Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2206).

A distinct species, with twining, very slender, striate, subpuberulous brauches, with
prominent transverse axils 4 in. apart; leaves lanceolately oblong, very much narrower
towards the base, which is shortly and narrowly cordate, with a long, very acuminate,
subciliate summit, rigidly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, with revolute margins, glabrous :
and polished above, of a deep olive-green colour, corrugulate and. suleate along the
hispidulous, very slender, immersed midrib, nerves, and veins, fulvously opake and
pruinosely velutinous beneath, with prominent slender midrib, nerves, and reticulated
veins, 22-31 in. long, 4-1 in. broad, on villous petioles 4 lines long; raceme lateral,
14 in. long, on a peduncle as thick as the branch, 6 lines long, bearing above about
12 alternate flowers of a pale-rose or yellowish colour, pubescent outside, about the size
of those of M. versicolor.

10. Mrrozus VERSICOLOR, nob.: Echites versicolor, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 38; A. DC. l.c. p. 461:
Amblyanthera versicolor, Müll. (in parte), l. c. p. 146. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia et Ceará: v. 3. in
herb. meo, prov. Ceará, ad Crato (Gardner 1755).

This species certainly does not belong to Amblyanthera, but is congenerie with all the
preceding. It isa climbing plant, with extremely slender, twining, reddish, hirsutulous
branches; its axils, 3-4 in. apart, are furnished with 2 small acute stipules on each face ;
expanded opposite leaves, oblong-ovate, cordate at the base, suddenly or more graduaily
acute and cuspidate at the apex, submembranaceous, pale or darker green above, opake,
scabridulous and hirsutulous on the midrib and nerves, beneath incano-pallid or ochra-
ceously opake, shortly or obsoletely velutinous, with a reddish prominent midrib, pro-
minulent fine nerves and reticulated veins, 2-32 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on pubescent
petioles 3-4 lines long; raceme lateral, nearly as long as the leaves, on a peduncle
as slender as the branch, 6 lines long, charged above with about 14 alternate flowers on
pedicels from 13 to 6 lines long, supported by slender lanceolate bracts 13 line long ;
sepals acute, 14 line long, with an inner rhombic, 3-denticulate scale; corolla white,
of a yellowish, roseate or. purplish hue, all cano-pubescent outside; tube 16 lines long,
narrowed at the base for the length of 9 lines, campanular above; segments rhomboidally

222 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

ovate, dolabriform, acute within the sinister angle, dextrorsely convolute, 9 lines long
and broad; stamens seated on a retrorsely pilose ring in the contraction of the tube;
anthers cohering, membranaceous at the apex, obtusely bifurcate at the base, nearly as
long as the 2 ovaries.

The leaves on their lower side bear much the peculiar appearance of those of M.
brachystachyus.

11. Mrrozus rucosus, nob.: Echites rugosa, Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 248; A. DC. l. c. p. 460: Ambly-
anthera versicolor, var. intermedia, Müll. l. c. p. 146. In Guiana (Schomb. 350) : non vidi.

A scandent species, its older branches glabrous, the younger scabridly puberulous;
leaves oblong, roundly emarginate or subcuneate at the base, shortly acuminate, sub-
coriaceous, rugous and scabridly pubescent above, or subsequently smooth, cano-tomen-
tose beneath, or afterwards nearly smooth, 2 in. long, petiolate; peduncle of raceme
stout, spicately many-flowered; bracts lanceolately subulate, not exceeding the calyx;
pedicels very short; sepals short, very acute, each with a broadly ovate inner scale;
corolla yellow, with a cylindrical tube 1 in. long, spreading above; segments broad ;
stamens seated on a pilose ring in the contraction of the tube; disk urceolate, of 5 ob-
long fleshy obtuse lobes, partly subconnate.

Müller regarded this plant as a variety of E. versicolor.

12. Mrrozus BRACHYSTACHYUS, nob.: Echites brachystachya, Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 248: Amblyanthera
versicolor, var. f, intermedia, Mill. l. c. p. 146. In Guiana Brit.: v. s. in herb. meo (Schomb. 350,
in errore) et in herb. Mus. Brit. (Schomb. 565). -

A climbing species, with very slender flexuous pubescent branches, with ciliate axils
3-4 in. apart; leaves elliptic-oblong, auriculately cordate at the base, acute and mucro-
nate at the summit, membranaceous, dark green above, opake, finely puberulous, nerves
immersed, palish green beneath, opake, cano-tomentellous, with fine reddish prominulent
nerves, transverse veins very reticulated, 2-3 in. long, ¿-14 in. broad, on pubescent
petioles 2-3 lines long; raceme lateral, 2 in. long, on a stout scabrid peduncle 1 in. long,
bearing above many spicate flowers on alternate pedicels, pubescent, 9 lines long, with
acute bracts ; sepals triangularly acute, recurved at the apex, gibbous at the base, 2 lines
long, each with 2 inner acute scales; tube of corolla 20 lines long, narrowly contracted
at the base for 4 lines, broadly funnel-shaped above, membranaceous, often plicated into
a narrower space; segments inequilateral, broadly dolabriform, 9 lines long and broad;
stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, on a dense white pilose ring; disk urceo-
late, fleshy, with a 5-cleft margin surrounding the ovaries.

A species very near M. versicolor in the peculiar appearance of its leaves.

13. Mrrozvs SYMPRITOCARPUS, nob.: Echites symphitocarpa, Mey. Ess, p. 132; A. DC. l c. p. 467;
Griseb. Flor. Brit. W. Ind. p. 414 (sub Synechites). In Guiana, Essequibo : non vidi.

A climbing species near M. brachystachyus, with simple cirrus-like shining branches,
subscabridly rufescent, with white lenticels ; leaves opposite, patent, elliptic-ovate,
obtuse, sagittately cordate, with an acute sinus at the base (younger ones there almost
entire), acute or acuminate, subscabrid above, tomentous beneath, reticulately veined, on

KS

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 223

curving petioles 4 in. long; racemes lateral, simple, pubescent, 2 in. long; sepals pube-
rulous, subulate, acuminate ; corolla 2 in. long, glabrous, yellow, variegated with white

. and red; tube cylindrical, swollen above the base, campanulate near the mouth, marked

inside with several white, retrorsely sericeous lines; segments acuminately uncinate at
the angle; stamens inserted above the base of the tube; filaments compressed, thickened
and subpilose ; anthers subsagittate at the base, erect, and cohering ; disk urceolate, of
5 fleshy subconnate lobes, enclosing 2 oval ovaries; style as long as the filaments ;
clavuncle subglobose, terminated by 2 stigmata; follicles 2, terete, torulose, 5 in. long,
3 lines broad, conjoined at the curving summits.

The plant described by Grisebach under the same name, probably belongs to some
other species.

14. Mirozus CvvanENsis, nob.: Echites Cuyabensis, A. DC. l. c. p. 462: Amblyanthera Cuiabensis, Müll.
l. c. p. 145. In Cuyaba: non vidi.

A species with slender, virgate, hirtellous branches, with remote axils; leaves elliptic,
obtuse and subcordate at the base, very acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, subglabrous,
with parallel divergent nerves, 5 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long;
raceme as long as the leaves, scabro-hirtellous, on a thick angular peduncle, bearing
many flowers on pedicels 11-2 lines long, supported by ovate-subulate bracteoles 1-2 -
lines long; sepals ovate-acuminate, subglabrous, 2 lines long, each with an inner simple
or bifid scale; corolla glabrous; tube cylindrical below the middle, funnel-shaped above,
13 in. long; segments 1 in. long; disk urceolate, of 5 fleshy subconnate lobes, half as
long as the 2 puberulous ovaries; follicles 2, subtorulose, glabrous, 7-9 in. long, 14 line
thiek; seeds with a deep-yellow coma.

This is said by Müller to be near his Z. versicolor, var. glabrata.

15. Mrrozvs CoNcINNUS, nob. : ramulis tenuissimis, pallidis, striolatis ; foliis patentibus, ovato-oblongis,
imo rotundato-obtusis, apice acutis, tenuiter chartaceis, marginibus revolutis, supra viridibus, im-
presse corrugulosis, nervis arcuatis immersis, subtus flavescenti-opacis, costa, nervis venisque
transversim reticulatis vix prominulis; petiolis tenuibus, quam limbus 20plo brevioribus: racemis
axillaribus, simplicibus, quam folium triplo brevioribus, glabris, plurifloris; pedicellis tenuissimis ;
sepalis linearibus, submembranaceis, singulis squamula lata intus munitis ; corolle tubo cylindrico ;
segmentis deltoideis, quam tubus triplo brevioribus; staminibus medio tubi insertis; antheris acu-
minatis, basi parallele furcatis; stylo tenui; clavuncula crasse cylindrica; stigmatibus 2, obtusis,
terminalibus. In Brasilia, prov. Alagoas: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Penédo, Rio S. Francisco
(Gardner 1353).

A very slender climbing plant, with axils 3 in. apart; leaves 23-27 in. long, £-1 in.
broad, on petioles 14 line long; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla
6 lines long; segments 3 lines long and broad; disk urceolate, of 5 fleshy subconnate
lobes.

16. Mrrozus arevires, nob. : Echites brevipes, Benth. in Pl. Hartw. p. 216: Mesechites brevipes, Mill.
in Linn. xxx. p. 454. In Nova Granada: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Rio Mesa, prov. Bogota (Hart-
wegg 1195).

A climbing species with very slender terete branches; leaves subpatent, ovate-oblong,

224 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJE.

rounded at the base, and there obsoletely cordate, acutely acuminate, rigidly chartaceous,
margins subrevolute, fuscous green above, sulcate along the yellowish midrib and nerves,
which are arcuately conjoined near the margin, palish beneath, with reddish prominent
midrib and nerves barbate in their axils, transversely veined, 24-24 in. long, 13-12 in.

broad, on petioles 2 lines long ; axillary racemes 13 in. long, bearing several flowers, on
bibracteolate pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acutely lanceolate, 1 line long, each with a
bidentate internal scale; tube of corolla narrow, contracted in the middle, 4-5 lines long ;

segments 11-2 lines long, dextrorsely convolute ; stamens inserted in the middle of the
tube on a pilose ring; anthers with 2 very narrow parallel obtuse forks at the base;
disk urceolate, of 5 obtuse lobes, subconnate, as long as the sepals, and half the length of
the ovaries; style filiform; clavuncle incrassate, supporting 2 short stigmata; follicles 2,
on a peduncle 1i in. long, slender, sübparallel, terete, somewhat torulose, 7 in. long;
seeds linear, compressed, 3 lines long, with a reddish coma 6 lines long.

A species very near the preceding. :

17. Mirozus SCABRIDULUS, nob. In Brasilia, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ad Rio de Janeiro, Santa Thereza
(Bowie & Cunningham).

A scandent species: its branches are slender, with axils 2-24 in. apart; leaves patently
opposite, ovate, truncately obtuse at the base, where they are shortly constricted upon
the petiole, suddenly narrowed at the summit into a short acumen, rigidly chartaceous,
with very revolute margins, fuscous-green above, finely. corrugulate, sulcate along the
semi-immersed oblique nerves and very reticulate veins, with granular glands at the
base of the yellow carinate midrib, flavidly opake beneath, with prominent fuscous
slender midrib and nerves, shortly scabrid over their surface, 13-24 in. long, 1-14 in. broad,
on slender fuscous scabridulous petioles, 3-4 lines long ; racemes axillary, 14-24 in. long,
with a flexuose rachis, shortly pedunculate at the base, and bearing many close flowers
spicately disposed on slender subrecurved twisted scabridulous pedicels 3 lines long,
supported by acute minute bracteoles; sepals linear, acuminate, gibbous at the base,
subreflexed at the apex, subscabrid, 2 lines long; corolla yellow, scabridulous outside,
glabrous within, 3 lines long; tube 2 lines long; segments dolabriform, membranaceous,
1 line long, dextrorsely convolute; stamens almost included; anthers very slender,

glabrous, acuminate, with 2 long dender basal prongs; disk of 5 subconnate ioves, i
little shorter than the 2 glabrous ovaries.

18. Mrrozus piscoLor, nob.: Echites discolor, Moritz, MSS. In Venezuela, sine loco (Moritz 1299): in
herb. meo.

A species nearly approaching the preceding; its branches are somewhat slender, fistu-
lous, scabridly pubescent, with axils 23 in. apart; leaves opposite, suberect, lanceolate-
oblong, narrowed towards each extremity, very shortly and narrowly subcordate at the
base, with an apieal narrow linear acumen, subchartaceous, margins scarcely revolute,
fuscous green and opake above, with an impressed punctulate surface, scabridulous, with
immersed nerves, beneath covered with a pubescent tomentum not very dense, with à
pale prominulent midrib, 21 i in. long, 3 lines broad, on hirto-pubescent petioles 2 lines

-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 225

long; panicle axillary, 14 in. long, all hirto-puberulous, on a peduncle 3 lines long, fur-
nished above with 6-8 subsecund alternate flowers, on pedicels 2 lines long, each sup-
ported by a setiform puberulous bract 3 lines long; sepals acute, puberulous, 1 line long,
terminated by a setiform appendage of the same length. The corolla had fallen away ;
but another was seen in an extremely young state covered with dense ferruginous
tomentum.

19. Mrrozus Mexicanvs, nob. : Prestonia Mexicana, A. DC. l. c. p. 429. In Mexico ad Oaxaca (Andrieux
251) : non vidi.

A climbing species, with broadly ovate leaves, rounded and subcordate at the base,
suddenly acuminate at the apex, pubescent above, rufo-tomentose beneath, 4-6 in. long,
3-4 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; inflorescence rufo-tomentose; sepals pubescent
on both sides, 7 lines long, with an inner short ovate-truncate denticulate scale, glabrous
inside; tube of corolla a little longer than the calyx, its mouth 5-sulcate, furnished with
5 small glands, without appendages; stamens inserted on a retrorsely pilose ring in the
middle of the tube; disk urceolate, 5-sulcate, with 5 crenate teeth on the margin, or, in
other words, of 5 subconnate lobes.

20. Mrrozus Jamarcensis, nob. : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Dr. Wright).

A species having very slender twining branches, with axils }-1 in. apart; leaves ob-
long, cordate at the base, acute and shortly acuminate, with revolute margins, charta-
ceous, green above, corrugulate, opake, with immersed nerves, ferruginously opake
beneath, with a reddish prominulent hirsute midrib and rubescent smooth nerves and
much-reticulated veins, 1-14 in. long, 7-10 lines broad, on petioles 1-2 lines long;
raceme axillary, 4 lines long, on a very slender peduncle 13 in. long, bearing upwards
several alternate flowers on filiform pedicels 9 lines long ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1 line
long; corolla dark-red; tube cylindrical, contracted below the middle, 10 lines long;
segments obliquely obtuse, undulate on the margins, dextrorsely convolute, 4 lines long;
stamens inserted above the base of the tube; anthers linear, acuminate, with 2 subacute
basal prongs; disk urceolate, of 5 oblong roundish lobes connate at the base.

SECONDATIA.

This genus was established by Prof. A. De Candolle in 1844, and afterwards illustrated
by Prof. Müller in the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis.’ It consists of a few slender scandent species,
the branches minutely crenulate across the nodes, with extremely small intrapetiolar
stipules, opposite petiolate leaves, and a terminal, very short raceme, furnished with
few very inconspicuous flowers on a short divided peduncle. The fruit is peculiar in
shape, consisting of 2 suberect follicles, broad and fusiform, woody, containing many
seeds, with a long elastic coma of numerous spreading hairs, recurving outwards in a
trumpet-form.

The Secondatia arborea, Müll. (Echites arborea, Velloz) is referred to Malouetia, ante,

. 89,
= 2G

226 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAZ.

Secoxpatia, A. DC. Sepala 5, parva, acuto-ovata, subæqualia, imbricata, intus squamulis totidem
minutis alternis aut oppositis irregulariter sitis munita. Corolla subparva ; tubus subbrevis, imo
constrictus, superne paulissime ampliatus, intus pilosulus ; segmenta trapezoideo-dolabriformia, apice
sinuato-truncata, tubum «xquantia aut superantia, expansa, in sstivatione dextrorsum convoluta.
Stamina imo tubi inserta et eidem subequilonga ; filamenta subbrevia, glabra ; anthere lineares, in
conum cohzrentes, apice acuminate, imo in aristis 2 tenues paullo divergentes fissee, dorso hirsute.
Discus urceolatus, fere ad basin in lobos 5 obtusos fissus; ovaria 2, subglobosa, disco paullulo
breviora. Folliculi 2, fusiformi-oblongi, aut ovatiores, validi, sublignosi, divaricatim erecti, sutura
ventrali dehiscentes, et ibi placentiferi; placenta coriacea, striata; semina numerosa, lineari-
oblonga; coma magna, e pilis longis elasticis subrevolutim curvatis; embryo in albumine, cotyle-
donibus semiteretibus, quam radicula supera triplo longioribus.

Suffrutices intertropici, plerumque Brasiliani, subscandentes, glabri; folia opposita, oblonga, ple-
rumque parvula, petiolata ; inflorescentia terminalis, breviter racemosa, pluri- vel pauciflora ; flores
inconspicui.

1. SECONDATIA DENSIFLORA, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 445; Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 108, tab. 32 (anal. floris
et fructus). In Brasilia, prov. Cuyaba et Goyaz: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuyaba (Manso, ez herb.
Martius) ; in herb. meo prov. Goyaz (Gardner 3325).

Prof. De Candolle unites with this a specimen from Guiana, a species alluded to by
Bentham (Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 250, sub Schomb. 599). Müller joins with it other
plants from Minas and Guiana; but from the differences in the diagnoses of De Can-
dolle and of Müller, and from the discordance in the floral analysis of the latter from
that I observed in Manso's specimen, we may conclude that two, if not three, species
have been confounded together by Müller. The following description of the species is
given from a careful examination of the specimens of Manso and Gardner. Müller's
floral analysis therefore relates not to this speeies, but to another, either from Minas or
Guiana.

It is apparently a scandent plant, having somewhat slender, curving, subfistulose, sub-
lenticellate, striate, glabrous branches, with axils 12 in. apart, and a small acute stipule
on each side of the opposite petioles ; leaves ovate-oblong, roundish or subacute at the
base, suddenly constricted at the summit into a narrowish subacute acumen, the margins
sinuously undulating, thinly chartaceous, glabrous, green above, midrib prominulent,
with 12 pairs of fine distinet divergent nerves, free and somewhat arching but not
conjoined within the margin, a little darker beneath, opake, with prominulent nerves and
scarcely visible transverse veins, 3-4 in. long, 11-2 in. broad, on subpatent channelled
petioles 4-5 lines long; panicle terminal, in the sinus between the ultimate pair of leaves,
nearly 1 in. long, biramose at the base, the branches divided and bearing from 20 to 40
small flowers on approximate alternate pedicels 2-3 lines long, supported each by a
bracteole the size of the sepals; sepals ovate, obtuse, with ciliate membranaceous mar-
gins, 2 line long; corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical, inside glabrous in the middle
towards the base, but thickly pilose in the mouth, 4 lines long ; segments ovate, slightly
dolabriform, dextrorsely convolute, 2 lines long, 14 line broad; stamens seated near the `
base of the tube; filaments short, puberulous; anthers linear, 24 lines long, very acu-
minate, with 2 parallel basal prongs; disk urceolate, cleft halfway into 5 obtuse lobes
nearly as long as the ovaries; follicles 2, subdivergent, often solitary by abortion, with

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 227

a thickish ligneous pericarp, fusiformly oblong, broadish, 5 in. long, 13 in. broad in the
middle; seeds many (as in the gen. char.), 84 lines long, surmounted by a white, widely
spreading, recurving coma 18 lines long.

A drawing of this species, in flower and in fruit, is shown in Plate XXXII.

2. SECONDATIA FLORIBUNDA, A. DC. p. 446; Müll. Z. c. p. 109. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia, ad Jacobina
(Blanchet 3370) : non vidi.

A scandent glabrous species, with slender terete branches; leaves elliptic, very obtuse
at the base, with a lanceolately euspidate apex; nerves pellucid, with finely reticulated
veins, 23 in. long, 15-17 lines broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long; panicles spreading, tri-
chotomously divided, a little longer than the leaves, with branches 8-9 lines long, bearing
many flowers on very slender pedicels 4-5 lines long, supported by lanceolate bracts
ilinelong; sepals a little larger than the braets, lanceolate; tube of corolla glabrous,
3 lines long; segments oblong, a little longer than it; disk of 5 dentate lobes, a little
shorter than the ovaries.

3. Szconpatia FOLIOSA, A. DC. 7. c. p. 446; Müll. J. c. p. 109, tab. 32. fig. 1. In Brasilia, prov. Bahia,
ad Jacobina (Blanchet 3635) et prov. Ceará: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Oeiras (Gardner 1762).

A glabrous species, differing from the two preceding in its smaller, more approxi-
mate leaves acute at both extremities, with many transversely reticulated veins, 14-13
in. long, 7-8 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; terminal panicles more compact,
much shorter than the leaves, with branches 3-4 lines long, bearing many flowers on
slender pedicels 2-3 lines long ; sepals acute, 4 line long; tube of corolla 23 lines long;
segments oblique-oblong, rotate, 23 lines long.

4. SECONDATIA FERRUGINEA, nob.: Echites ferruginea, Rich. Fl. Cub. xi. p. 92; Walp. Ann. v. p. 494.

In Cuba, Guanabacoa (Sagra) : non vidi.

A species with a weak branching stem, and slender, red, hirtous branchlets ; leaves
small, obtusely elliptie or obovate, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, subferruginously
opake beneath, on short petioles; inflorescence terminal, bearing 3 or many flowers
upon rather long pedicels, glabrous; sepals ovate-acuminate; corolla small, yellow,
funnel-shaped, with a narrow tube nearly three times as long as the sepals; follicles 2,
erect, parallel, acute, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad.

5. Seconpatia ScmprMrANA, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 416. In Nova Granada ad Ocanna (Schlim 510) :
non vidi.

A species with glabrous, terete, obscurely reddish, lenticellate branchlets, with axils
4-5 in. apart; leaves elliptic, acute at the base, cuspidately acuminate, nerves with
transverse veins much reticulated, 2-23 in. long, 93-163 lines broad, on petioles 5-6 lines
long; a spreading terminal panicle 13 in. long, much divided, puberulous, many-flowered ;
flowers on rigid pedicels 3 lines long; sepals 1j line long; tube of corolla glabrous,
hispid within, 23 lines long; segments obliquely ovoid, glabrous; anthers dorsally
pubescent; disk 5-lobed, as long as the ovaries.

262

228 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

6. Seconpatia Peruviana, Däpp. Nov. Gen. iii. p. 71, tab. 281. In Peruvia, ad Cuchero: non vidi.

This is described as a climbing plant, hanging from the summit of trees 30-40 feet
high, having many branches 3-4 in. thick, intertwining, covered with a dark rough
bark. Its branchlets are slender, straight, smooth, their axils scarcely dilated, 13-2 in.
apart, bearing 2 extremely small stipules; the leaves are elliptic, broadish at the base,
and suddenly narrowed upon the petiole, acutely acuminate, subundulate on the
margins, membranaceous, smooth above, glaucous beneath, with fine divergent nerves
and transverse veins, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, on slender petioles 5 lines long; panicles
opposite, axillary, shorter than the leaves; peduncle slender, 1 in. long, its summit
divided into 2 slender branches, with a solitary pedicellate flower in the dichotomy,
each branch 14 in. long, bearing 6-8 alternate flowers on bracteolate pedicels 13 line
long, laxly disposed ; sepals acutely ovate, 1 line long; tube of corolla stoutishly cylin-
drical, 9 lines long, 5-suleate, narrowed in the middle and contracted in the mouth,
which is there furnished with a pilose ring; segments obtusely oblong, inequilateral,
dextrorsely convolute, 24 lines long; stamens seated a little above the base of the tube;
anthers acuminate, divided at the base into 2 acute subdiverging prongs; style ex-
tremely short, stoutish; clavuncle incrassate, claviform, with a membranous basal
appendage ; disk urceolate, 5-lobed on margin, shorter than the 2 unilocular ovaries;
follicles 2, oblong, very divaricate, in an immature state plano-convex, containing
numerous imbricate seeds, too much injured by insects for their structure to be
ascertained.

All these characters seem to favour the conclusion of Póppig, that the plant belongs
to Secondatia.

HAPLOPHYTON.

A genus established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844 (Prodr. viii. p. 412), upon a Mexican
plant in Pavon's herbarium and a drawing of the same by Mocinno et Sesse, named
Echites cimicifuga. It is a shrubby plant, subherbaceous, with very slender terete, erect,
dichotomous, puberulous branches; leaves subopposite, subdistichous, narrowly ovate-
acuminate, thinly membranaceous, puberulous, with hairs arising from vesicles, glandular
in the axils of the oblique nerves, veinless, 2-23 in. long, 8-10 lines broad, on petioles
1-13 line long; flowers geminate in the dichotomies of the branchlets, on puberulous
pedicels three times as long as the petioles ; sepals linear-acuminate, 2 lines long,
erect, without inner scales, subpilose outside; corolla hypocrateriform, 9 lines long, pale
yellowish; tube 4 lines long, cylindrical, broader in the middle, glabrous in the mouth
and at the base, otherwise internally pilose ; segments oblong-obovate, more than twice
the length of the tube, simply sinistrorsely convolute ; stamens inserted in the middle
of the tube on slender filaments; anthers linear, obtuse, shortly and roundly bilobed
at the base; disk none; style filiform ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed; follicles 2, narrowly
terete, erect, straight, striate, at first subpuberulous, 2 in. long; seeds many, linear-
oblong, crowned with a coma of equal length.

The specimen is from Tehuantepec (Andrieux 250).

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 229

MESECHITES.

This is a valid genus, when restricted within the uniform limits indicated by the
several species here described. It was established in 1860 by Müller, who unfortunately
figured as its type the Echites Mansoana of De Candolle, from Matto Grosso, a plant
before enumerated (supra, p. 201); with this he confounded, as a mere variety, the
Echites sulphurea from Rio de Janeiro, well figured by Velloz, a very different plant
(Echites Vauthieri, DO.). Mesechites, however, is well figured by Jacquin in the plates
27 and 28 of his ‘Stirpium Americanarum.’

The following is a reformed diagnosis of the genus.

Mzsscnrres, Müll. (in parte): char. emend. Sepala parva, equalia, acuta aut obtusa, intus squamula
acuta singulatim munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus cylindricus, infra medium tenuiter an-
gustatus, superne paullo latior; segmenta 5, dolabriformia, tubi dimidia longitudine, rotatim ex-
pansa, dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina ad medium tubi inserta, inclusa ; filamenta brevia ; anthere
subcohzrentes, oblong, membrana acuta apiculate, imo in furcas 2 obtusas divise. Discus e lobis
D liberis, aut basi brevissime nexis; ovaria 2, disco longiora; stylus gracilis, stamina attingens ;
clavuncula incrassata, conice oblonga, subpentagona, imo membrana lacerata munita; stigmata 2,
linearia, terminalia. Folliculi 2, lineares, seepius torosi, erecti. Semina acute vel obtuse linearia,

coma sericea coronata.
Herbe repentes, vel suffrutices humiles Americe calidioris ; folia opposita, sepe cordata; racemi

sepius axillares, pauciflori; flores subparvi, sepius rubescentes.

l. MEsEcHITEs REPENS, nob.: Echites repens, Jacq. Amer. p. 33, tab. 28; Lam. Dict. ii. p. 340; A. DC.
Prodr. viii. p. 449 (excl. syn.); Schlecht. Linn. xxvi. p. 666; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 414. In
Antillis: non vidi.

A species notable for its narrow-lanceolate leaves and bifid peduncle, with small red
flowers. It is a procumbent plant, with slender glabrous branches, incrassate at the
axils, which are 1-2 in. apart, and which often throw out suckers that take root; leaves
lanceolate, subcordate at the base, acute, 11 in. long, 3 lines broad, on petioles 13 line
long; raceme axillary, as long as the leaves; peduncle 1 in. long, divided at its summit
into 2 branches, each bearing 2-3 flowers on pedicels 1 line long, all bracteolate; sepals
slender, 1 line long; corolla red, its narrow cylindrical tube swelling above, 7 lines long;
segments dolabriform, 4 lines long and broad ; disk of 5 rounded lobes, distinct, half as
long as the ovaries ; follicles linear, torulose, 6 in. long.

2. Mesecurres ronULOsA, nob.: Echites torulosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. (in parte), p. 307 ; Lam. Dict. ii. p. 339
(excl. syn. et tab. 174) ; Sw. Obs. p. 105; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 414: Echites torosa, Jacq.
Amer. p. 33, tab. 27; A. DC. L c. p. 449; Griseb. l. c. p. 414: Amblyanthera torosa, Müll. in
Linn. xxx. p. 446. In Antilis: v. s. in herb. meo, in flore, J amaica (Heward) : in herb. Mus. Brit.
Campéche (Schott 673 in flore). :

The above plants agree well with the drawing of Jacquin above cited. Linnæus sup-
pressed the name /orosa, substituting for it that of torulosa, although he quoted the
more copious description and drawing of Jacquin to explain his own laconic character.

230 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

Both were equally wrong in adopting as its synonym the Nerium sarmentosum of P.
Browne, which is Mesechites myrtifolium. Swartz, who well described Jacquin’s plant,
avoided this mistake, considering that the drawing of the latter better represented the
species than that of Browne.

It is a subscandent plant, with an abundant lactescent juice; its branches are very
slender, smooth, bifid towards the summit, with axils 13-23 in. apart; the opposite leaves
are patent, oblong, narrowing towards the base, acute and mucronulate at the apex,
opake-green above, with about 8 pairs of diverging nerves, sulcate on the reticulated
veins, pale glaucous beneath, opake, midrib pale and prominulent, with immersed
nerves, 1-2 in. long, 4-7 lines broad, on scabridulous petioles 13 line long ; raceme axil-
lary, very short, on a peduncle 2 lines long, bearing 3 to 6 alternate smallish flowers on
capillary pedicels 24 lines long; sepals sharply acuminate, subreflexed at the apex,
glabrous, 2 lines long, + line broad; tube of corolla slender, a little swollen in the middle,
6 lines long; segments broadly dolabriform, rotate, with dextrorse convolution, 4 lines
long, 3 lines broad, of a pale rubescent colour ; follicles 2, erect, terete, acuminate, toru-
lose, with small oblong comose seeds.

3. MEsECHITES LANCEOLATA, nob.: Nerium foliis lanceolatis, Plum. Amer. i. p. 20, tab. 27. fig. 1:
Echites repens, A. DC. in parte (non Jacq.), l. c. p. 449. In America tropica: non vidi.

A twining species, extremely different from M. repens: it has terete, very flexuose
slender branches, with axils 14-14 in. apart; leaves very patently opposite, lanceolately
oblong, roundish at the base, subobtusely narrowed at the summit, with about 8 pairs of
divergently ascending nerves curvingly connected near the margin, 2-21 in. long, 6-63
lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle 14 in. long, bearing
on its summit 3-4 subapproximate flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; sepals small, sub-
acute; tube of corolla slender, 8 lines long; segments dolabriform, 4 lines long and broad,
rotately expanded, with dextrorse convolution ; follicles 2, pendulous, slender, subarcuate,
very torose, 7 in. long; seeds smallish, with an apical coma 6 lines long.

This species differs from M. torulosa in its long, simple, flexuose branches, larger and
less acute leaves, and a raceme upon a lengthened peduncle, and longer flowers.

4. MESECHITES ANGUSTIFOLIA, nob.: Echites angustifolia, Poir. (non Benth.) Dict. Suppl. ii. p. 537;
A. DC. Z. c. p. 449; Schl. Linn. xxvi. p. 665. In Antillis ad San Domingo: non vidi.

The very slender twining branches are glabrous and lactescent; the opposite leaves
are long and extremely narrow, glabrous, entire, almost sessile, linear, rounded at the
base, acute at the summit, marked by a midrib and 2 simple parallel nerves, more than
3 in. long, 2 lines broad ; inflorescence axillary, very short, on a slender, bifid, 2-flowered

puberulous peduncle ; flowers small, white; follicles 2, very slender, torulose, compressed,
glabrous, 6-8 in. long.

5. MESECHITES LINEARIFOLIA, nob. : Echites linearifolia, Ham. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. p.31; A. DC. Le
p. 449. In Hispaniola, Cap. Henrici : non vidi.

A lactescent species near the preceding, differing principally in its white flowers. Its

A AA AA. AFA AA AA RUN —áÁ

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 231

slender funiform branches are glabrous; leaves linear, very narrow, mucronate, on very
short petioles; peduncles axillary, filiform, shorter than the leaves, with 2 floriferous
branches, each bearing several small white flowers.

6. MESECHITES ANGUSTATA, nob. : Echites angustifolia, Benth. (non Poir.), Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 247.
In Guiana Brit.: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prope cataractam Kaietur (Appun).

This species was found by Schomburgk in the sandstone region near Mount Roraima,
and afterwards by Appun at the great fall of Kaietur on a tributary river of the lower
Essequibo. It is a shrubby plant, with thickish branches and slender subflexuose branch-
lets, with axils 2-1 in. apart; leaves opposite or ternate, patent, lanceolate-oblong,
obtusely narrowed toward the base, obtuse and mucronulate at the apex, subcoriaceous,
with very revolute margins, subnitid above, deeply suleate along the midrib, with many
very patent immersed nerves, opake and yellowish beneath, with a very prominent
reddish midrib, and semi-immersed nerves, 1-14 in. long, 12-24 lines broad, on chan-
nelled petioles 1 line long; raceme with a flexuose rachis, bearing smallish flowers, on
short thick pedicels; sepals acutely oblong, 3 line long ; corolla scarlet, salver-shaped ;
tube 1 in. long, narrower below the middle, somewhat broader above; segments more
orange-coloured, obliquely ovate, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad; stamens inserted in the
contraction of the tube upon a pilose ring; filaments slender; anthers obtusely bilobed
at the base; disk of 5 free oblong lobes as long as the ovaries; follicles 2, slender,
terete, areuate, conjoined at the apex.

7. Mrsremtres suscarnosa, nob. : Echites subcarnosa, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 247 : Mandevilla
subcarnosa, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. p.727. In Guiana Brit. circa Roraima (Schomburgk) : v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. prope cataractam Kaietur (Appun).

A glabrous shrubby species, near the preceding, with a stoutish subfleshy stem and
slender scandent fuscous branchlets; these are thickened across the approximate axils,
which are 14 line apart ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-elliptic, somewhat attenuated towards
each extremity, with a short subobtuse acumen, margins subrevolute, chartaceous, dark
green above, with 6 pairs of distant horizontally patent nerves conjoined near the
margins, as in Plumeria, with immersed transversely reticulate veins, ochreously paler
beneath, opake, with a fuscous prominulent midrib and nerves, nearly 2 in. long or
longer, 5 lines broad, on slender channelled petioles 2 lines long; raceme with several
subspicate flowers on short pedicels ; sepals acute, 14 line long; corolla salver-shaped,
tube a little wider above; fructiferous peduncle 6 lines long, closely cicatrized; follicles
2, slender, terete, subtorulose, 4—44 in. long, 1 line thick; seeds 4 lines long, linear, with
a reddish spreading coma 6 lines long, the outer hairs somewhat shorter.

The above details accord well with Mr. Bentham’s description. The authors of the
“Genera Plantarum’ (ii. p. 727), however, regard this plant as belonging to Mandevilla ;
but if we compare one with the other it will be seen that they are utterly at variance
in almost every character, so that this view must be discarded.

232 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ,

8. MESECHITES MYRTIFOLIA, Müll. (in parte) Linn. xxx. p. 445: Echites myrtifolia, R. € Sch. (non
Poir.) Syst. iv. p. 795; A. DC. l. c. p. 473: Echites torulosa, Lam. (in parte) Dict. ii. p. 332; Illust.
tab. 174. fig. 1: Nerium sarmentosum (4), P. Browne, Jam. p. 181, tab. 16. fig. 2. In Antillis:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Houston, in fructu).

A slender, low, weakly species with twining glabrous or scabridulous branches, the
axils being 2 in. apart; leaves subpatently opposite, elliptic-ovate, obsoletely subcordate
at the base, subacute and mucronate at the apex, chartaceous, with subrevolute margins,
green above, opake, with immersed divergent nerves, yellowish opake beneath, with
prominent red midrib and nerves, veins transversely reticulated, 14 lines long, 7 lines
broad, on slender petioles 13 line long ; inflorescence terminal or axillary, on a peduncle
9 lines long, bearing beyond several alternate flowers on pedicels 23-3 lines long ; sepals
linear acuminate, 14 line long; corolla salver-shaped, rose-coloured ; tube slender, a little
swollen in the middle, 6 lines long; segments dolabriform, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad,
rotate; stamens enclosed in the middle of the tube; follicles 2, on a peduncle 4 lines
long, extremely slender, terete, substriate, torulose, 6 in. long, 14 line broad, enclosing
several comose seeds.

Müller united into one species this and the following; but this differs in its larger and
more ovate leaves, and its corolla with a tube more than double the length of the
other.

A drawing of this species, in flower and fruit, showing its floral analysis, is given in
Plate XXXIII. A,

9. MEseEcHITES ROSEA, nob.: Echites rosea, A. DC. l. c. p. 450; Griseb. in Pl. Cub. p. 520. In Cuba:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuba (La Sagra 142 in flore, Wright 1662 in fructu).

A climbing species with scabrid slender branches, filiform above, with axils 2-12 in.
apart; leaves patently opposite, rarely ternate, ovate-oblong, rounded and obsoletely
cordate at the base, rounded and mucronulate at the summit, subcoriaceous, with revo-
lute margins, green above, with obscure immersed nerves, beneath yellowish-opake, with
very prominent midrib and diverging nerves (about 8 pairs), 9 lines long, 3-5 lines
broad, on slender petioles 4 line long; raceme axillary, short, on a peduncle bearing
2-3 rose-coloured flowers on very slender pedicels 2 lines long ; sepals acute, 1 line long;
corolla hypocrateriform ; tube narrowly cylindrical, 12 lines long, slightly ventricose
above the middle; segments inequilaterally ovate, very rotate, 6 lines long, 4 lines
broad, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; disk of
5 oblong obtuse lobes, shorter than the ovaries; follicles 2, subcompressed, torulose,
9 in. long, 2 lines broad, on a peduncle 6 lines long.

10. Musecuites Browner, nob.: Echites torosa, var. Brownei, A. DC. l. c. p. 449; Müll. Linn. xxx.
p. 446: Echites Brownei, Griseb. l. c. p. 414. In America tropica: v. s. in herb. Mus, Brit.
Campéche (Houston), Cuba (Schott 38) .*

A species differing in all respects from M. torulosa, especially in the size and shape of

its leaves and in its inflorescence. The branches and branchlets are very slender,

scandent; the leaves subapproximate, appearing remote from the falling-off of the

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 233

intervening leaves; they are subpatently opposite, broadly ovate-elliptic, obtuse and
cordate at the base, suddenly briefly acute and mucronate at the summit, very membra-
naceous, smooth on the margins, opake-green above, with very slender subimmersed
nerves, pallidly yellowish and opake beneath, with nerves scarcely prominulent, 23-23 in.
long, 13-13 in. broad, on slender petioles 23-83 lines long; racemes axillary, on a very
slender peduncle 24 in. long, bearing several alternate yellow flowers 14 line apart, on
pedicels bibracteolate in the middle, 4 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long; 2 slender
pendent follicles, 9 in. long, subtorose, with many lengthened interruptions.

11. Mesecuires HASTATA, nob.: volubilis, ramulis tenuissimis, flexuosis, puberulis, cum axillis remotis ;
foliis oblongis, imo angustioribus, cum sinu angusto cordatis, apice acuminatis, submembranaceis,
marginibus planis, supra leete viridibus, costa nervisque puberulis, subtus fere concoloribus, sparsim
pilosulis, costa flavida, pubescente, prominula, petiolis brevibus hirsutulis ; racemis lateralibus, folio
longioribus, pedunculo pro tertia parte nudo, supra crebre alternatim multifloro; pedicellis imo
breviter acute bracteolatis; sepalis brevibus, acutis; corolla hypocrateriformi; tubo cylindrico,
medio constricto; segmentis rotatis, oblongis, quam tubus triplo brevioribus, In Cuba: v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. Hacienda Saragosa (Schott 674).

The axils of the very slender branchlets are 24-5 in. apart; leaves 13-13 in. long,

8-10 lines broad, on petioles 24 lines long, the narrow basal sinus being 1 line deep.

It is a species approaching M. Browne.

12. Mesrcurres DicHOTOMA, nob.: Echites dichotoma, H. B. K. ii. p. 217; A. DC. l. c. p. 465. In
regno Quitensi, prov. Bracamoros : non vidi.

A climbing species, with glabrous terete branchlets; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate,
acuminate, submembranaceous, entire, glabrous, very reticulately veined, nearly 5 in.
long, 2t in. broad, on channelled petioles 3 lines long; raceme lateral, near 6 in. long,
on an elongated peduncle, bearing 2 branches, each furnished with many flowers on
glabrous pedicels 6 lines long, but twice that length in the fruit; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
shorter than the tube of the corolla; corolla salver-shaped, of a bluish or violet colour;
tube constricted near the middle; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube;
anthers cohering, acute, subsagittate; disk 5-cleft, shorter than the 2 ovaries; follicles
pendulous, terete, torulose, glabrous, 6 in. long, containing many comose seeds.

13. Musrcurres GuayaquiLensis, nob. : Echites Guayaquilensis, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 119. In Ecuador :
v. 8. in herb. Mus. Brit. Guayaquil (Hartweg, no. 669).

A slender twining plant, with pubescent branches; leaves ovate, narrowly cordate at
the base, subacute, membranaceous, opake, margins ciliate, puberulous above, with fine
immersed nerves, paler and opake beneath, subpuberulous, with fuscous midrib and
nerves scarcely prominulent and pilose, 12 in. long, 8 lines broad, on very tomentose
petioles 11 line long; raceme lateral, longer than the leaves; peduncle 13 in. long, bare
at the base for 3 lines, bearing above 6-8 alternate spicate flowers on pedicels 1 line
long; sepals acute, ¿ line long, each with an internal bidentate scale; tube of corolla

slender, tomentous, subinfundibuliform above the middle, 8 lines long; segments ovate,
2H

234 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

inequilateral, subacute, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad ; stamens seated on a pilose ring in
the middle of the tube; anthers membranaceously apiculate, shortly bilobed at the
base; disk of 5 obtusely oblong fleshy lobes.

14. MESECHITES HIRTELLA, nob.: Echites hirtella, H. B. K. iii. p. 213 (non Benth.) ; A. DC. 7. c. p. 465:
In Nova Granada, prope Mariquita : non vidi.

A climbing species, with extremely slender striate shaggy branchlets; leaves oblong,
narrowed and cordate at the base, mucronate and acute at the apex, entire, submem-
branaceous, hirsute on both sides, reticulately veined, with a minute gland at the bottom
of the midrib, 2-22 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, on reddish pilose channelled petioles 2 lines
long; raceme lateral, hirtellous, near 2 in. long, on a peduncle 6 lines long, bearing
upwards many flowers on pedicels with much shorter lanceolate bracteoles, pilose ; sepals
ovate, acuminate, imbricate, hirtellous; corolla salver-shaped, yellow, pilose outside ; its
tube 9-10 lines long, somewhat contracted in the middle, swelling above, with five small
red spots in the mouth; segments obliquely inequilateral, obovate, crispate, rotate, half
as long as the tube; stamens seated in the constriction of the tube; anthers acuminate,
cohering; follicles very slender, subtorulose, rostrate at the apex, glabrous, 5-6 in. long;
seeds fusiform, with an apical coma.

15. Mesecuires Oaxacana, nob.: Echites Oaxacana, A. DC. l. c. p. 451; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 350,
sub n° 492: Amblyanthera Oaxacana, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 447. In Mexico, prov. Oaxaca: non
vidi.

A climbing plant, with slender branchlets; leaves ovate, subcordate, acuminate,
membranaceous, with many approximate nerves, reticulated, with 2 small glands at
their base, 2-23 in. long, 9-12 lines broad, on slender petioles 4 lines long; racemes
axillary and terminal, as long as the leaves, on a slender peduncle bearing few flowers
on pedicels a little longer than the calyx; sepals lanceolate; tube of corolla 5 times
as long as the sepals, cylindrical, a little swollen above ; segments shorter than the
tube; stamens seated above the middle of the tube; disk of 5 acute lobes, longer than
the ovaries ; follicles 2, 5 in. long, erect, linear, somewhat torulose.

This plant certainly does not belong to Amblyanthera, and does not harmonize with
the Echites hirtella, Benth.

16. MESECHITES HIRTELLULA, nob. : Echites hirtella, Benth. (non H. B. K.) Pl. Hartw. p. 67. In Mexico:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Puente de Gia (Hartweg 492).

A species near M. torulosa, and very different from Echites hirtella, H. B. K., which is
said by Bentham to be identical with £chites Oaxacana, A. DC. It is a twining plant,
with filiform glabrous branches, having axils 1-13 in. apart; leaves lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse and emarginately cordate at the base, gradually narrowing from the middle into
a very long acute acumen, membranaceous, pale green above, opake, shortly puberulous,
and scabridulous to the touch, with slender midrib and immersed nerves, paler, with a
yellowish hue, and opake beneath, obsoletely puberulous, with slightly prominent
reddish midrib and nerves and very reticulate veins, 2} in. long, 9 lines broad, on
petioles 3 lines long; raceme lateral, 1 in. long, on a slender peduncle bare for half its

n _ R R t D >>

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I
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ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. è 235

length, 3 lines long; branchlets alternate, bearing 2 flowers each on pedicels 4 lines long ;
sepals acuminate, 14 line long; tube of corolla 10 lines long, slender below, widening a
little above the middle; segments dolabriform, acute on one side, rounded on the other,
4 lines long, dextrorsely convolute; stamens inserted on a pilose ring in the middle
of the tube; filaments retrorsely pilose; anthers emarginate at the base, acuminate,
cohering ; disk of 5 obtuse linear fleshy lobes.

17. MESECHITES JASMINIFLORA, nob. : Echites jasminiflora, Mart. & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Brux. xi.
p. 357; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 476. In Mexico: non vidi.

A. twining species, with slender puberulous branches; leaves lanceolate, cordate,
acuminate, subglabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, on short villous petioles ;
racemes axillary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves, bearing yellow flowers; sepals
small; corolla salver-shaped, 1 in. long; stamens included ; follicles very long, torulose.

A species near M. torosa, with somewhat broader leaves and larger flowers.

18. Musrcuires GurANENsis, nob.: Echites Guianensis, A. DC. l. c. p. 458: Amblyanthera Guianensis,
Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 448. In Cayenne: non vidi.

A climbing plant with elongated terete scabrid branchlets; leaves ovate or lanceo-
late, cordate, acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous, having several glands above and
near the petiole, reddish nerves and veins, 3-4 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on petioles
2-3 lines long; raceme lateral, glabrous, nearly as long as the leaves, bearing many
spicate flowers on pedicels 13 line long, supported by lanceolate bracts 3 lines long;
sepals ovate, subulate, 2 lines long, with an inner 4-dentate scale; tube of corolla
14 lines long, a little broader below the middle, swelling above; segments half as
long as the tube; stamens inserted on a hirsute band at the constriction of the tube ;
disk of 5 obtuse lobes; follicles torulose, glabrous, patently recurved, 5 in. long, 3 lines
broad.

19. Mesrcuures Anprigvxu, nob.: Amblyanthera Andrieuxii, Müll. l. c. p. 422: In Mexico, prope
Oaxaca (Andrieux 249) : non vidi.

A somewhat scandent species, with terete, glabrous, reddish, subverrucose branches
1 line thick, with branchlets very scaly at the base, copiously leafy above; leaves
narrowly obovate or obovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, rigidly membranaceous,
fuscous, hirto-puberulous above, with about 6 pairs of divergent nerves, obsoletely
veined, yellowish beneath, softly pubescent, 93-13 lines long, 31-7 lines broad, on
petioles 11-21 lines long; racemes axillary, a little longer than the leaves, subdeflexed,
subglabrous, bearing many small flowers, the 2 lower ones opposite, the others alternate,
on rigid pedicels 1-12 line long, supported by puberulous lanceolate bracteoles of the
same length; sepals ovate-lanceolate, puberulous outside, with membranaceous margins,
3 lines long, with 4-8 inner subulate scales; corolla in the whole 5-7 lines long; its
cylindrical tube broader at the base, swelling above to a breadth of 2 lines; segments
rhomboidally obovate; disk of 5 free ovate obtuse lobes, as long as the glabrous ovoid

ovaries.
2H 2

236 A ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

ANECHITES, Griseb.

This was proposed as a subtribe of the genus Echites by Grisebach in 1864, for a
group of plants, chiefly natives of the Antilles, much resembling Mesechites in habit,
differing chiefly in having narrow linear acuminate anthers, with two long parallel
needle-like forks at their base, and in the lobes of the disk united at their base into a
cup. Grisebach describes the segments of the corolla as sinistrorse ; but I have found
them to be dextrorsely convolute.

Anzcuites, Griseb. (char. reformato). Sepala 5, lanceolata, intus squamulis totidem obtusis sæpius
denticulatis munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus anguste cylindricus; segmenta 5, oblonga,
insequilatera, rotata, dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina medio tubi inserta, inclusa ; filamenta tenuia.
Anthere anguste lineares, apice cuspidatz, imo furcis 2 brevibus armate. Discus suburceolatus,
usque ad medium vel ultra in lobos 5 fissus ; ovaria 2, libera, longiora. Stylus filiformis; clavuncula
incrassata. Folliculi 2, lineari-teretes, paralleli; semina comosa.

Plante Antillane vel Brasilienses, humiles, volubiles aut scandenies ; folia opposita ovata aut

oblonga, interdum cordata, petiolata; racemi axillares, simplices, pedunculati; flores pauci, alterni,
pedicellati.

1. ANECHITES ADGLUTINATA, nob.: Echites adglutinata, Jacq. (non Burm.) Amer. p. 31,tab.23; A. DC.
l.c. p. 448: Echites circinalis, Griseb. (non Sw.) Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p.414. In Antillis: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. S. Domingo (Swartz) ; S. Lucia (sine nom.).

A climbing plant, with slender glabrous branches; leaves broadly ovate, rounded at
the base, round and emarginate at the summit with a short mucronate point, rarely
subobtuse, pallidly membranaceous, glabrous, pale green above, yellowish opake beneath,
with reddish midrib and nerves scarcely prominulent, 21-33 (sometimes 4) in. long,
14-24 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; racemes axillary, 14 in. long including the
bare peduncle (9 lines long), which supports about 5 alternate flowers on pedicels 1 line
long; sepals acute, 4 line long ; tube of corolla cylindrical, a little swollen in the middle,
4 lines long; segments oblong-lanceolate, 3 lines long; stamens inserted above the
middle of the tube ; anthers cuspidate, included, bidentate at the base ; disk shorter than
the 2 free ovaries; follicles 2, terete, agglutinated at the apex.

2. ANECHITES CIRCINALIS, nob.: Echites circinalis, Sw. Flor. Ind. Occid. i. p. 533; ejusd. Prodr. p. 52:
A. DC. l. c. p. 466; Griseb. l. ê. p. 414: Echites adglutinata, Griseb. (non Sw.), 1. c. p. 414:
Hemadictyon circinalis, Don, Dict. iv. p. 83. In Hispaniola et Jamaica: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
Jamaica (Shakespear).

A slender scandent plant, with glabrous branches and distant axils; leaves ovate-
oblong, obtusely rounded at the base, gradually acute, yellowish green above, sulcate along
the reddish midrib, nerves reddish, immersed, margins very revolute, scabridulous above,
pale yellow beneath, opake and glabrous, with prominent reddish midrib, nerves, and
veins, 12-2 in. long, 10 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long; raceme lateral, glabrous,
ona bare peduncle 2-3 in. long, erect, bearing many white flowers on alternate or, often,
geminate pedicels 1 line long, with small acute bracteoles ; sepals lanceolate, erect,

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 237

3 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, 3 lines long, narrower at the base for one third of
its length, with a row of villous scales in the throat; segments linear-oblong, crispate
along the margins, 24 lines long, somewhat twisted dextrorsely, rotate; stamens seated
at the constriction of the tube; filaments slender; anthers included, acuminate, shortly
bidentate at the base; disk of 5 lobes; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic
character; follicles 2.

The Echites circinalis, Griseb. (non Sw.) is said by the authors of the * Genera Plan-
tarum,’ ii. p. 725, to be a cultivated specimen of Holarrhena antidysenterica.

The Echites circinalis, Müll, does not belong to this species: it is the Echites
leptoloba, Stadelm. (Mitozus, nob.), and the Echites revoluta, A. DC. l. c. p. 457 (Ane-
chites revoluta, nob.).

A drawing of this species, showing its floral analysis, is given in Plate XXXIIL n.

3. ANECHITES THOoMASIANA, nob.: Echites circinalis, var. Thomasiana, A. DC. l. c. p. 466; Schlecht. (non
Sw.), Linn. vi. 731. In umbrosis ins. S. Thome: non vidi. s
A species differing from 4. circinalis in its leaves acute at both extremities, in its
longer racemes, with pubescent peduncle, calyx, and corolla, in its more revolute sepals,
and its corolla twice the size, with the tube scarcely ventricose.

4. ANECHITES ASPERUGINIS, nob.: Echites asperuginis, Sw. Prodr. p. 52; Flor. Ind. Occid. i. p. 531;
Griseb. Pl. Wr. Cub. p. 519; Cat. Pl. Wr. p. 170, n. 10: Echites circinalis, Griseb. (non Sw.), var.
adglutinata, Fl. B. W. Ind. p. 414: Echites lappulacea, var. asperuginis, A. DC. l. c. p. 448. In
Antillis: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. S. Domingo (Swartz, specim. typicum) ; Cuba (Wright 1663).

A scandent plant, with slender hispid branches; the axils are 21—3 in. apart; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, or obtusely acute and gradually more acuminate,
very membranaceous, green above, sparsely subhispid, with hairs globular at their
base, with fine nerves, paler and glabrous beneath, with black dots corresponding
to the hairs of the upper surface, prominent yellow midrib, patently hirsute, nerves
little prominulent, 2-3 in. long, 9-15 lines broad, on slender petioles 5-7 lines long;
racemes axillary, longer than the leaves; peduncle slender, 43 lines long, bearing
upwards 4-6 flowers on slender hirsutulous pedicels 6 lines long; sepals acutely lanceo-
late, 14 line long, glabrous; corolla white, its tube slender, subpentagonous, twice the
length of the sepals; segments obtusely ovate; stamens inserted in the middle of the
tube; lobes of disk oblong, emarginate, half the length of the 2 ovaries; 2 slender terete
follicles,

5. ANECHITES LAPPULACEA, nob. : Echites lappulacea, Lam. Dict. ii. p. 341; A. DC. l. c. p. 448: Nerium
caule volubili, Plum. Amer. i. p. 19, tab. 26 (excl. syn.). In S. Domingo: non vidi.

A sarmentose plant, with a thick repent root and many stoutish climbing branches,
which are verrucose ; leaves ovate-oblong, subcordate, with an obtuse apical acumen,
shining above, densely hispid beneath, 4 in. long, 13 in. broad, on glabrous petioles
9-9 lines long; racemes axillary, nearly 10 in. long, upon a hispid peduncle ; flowers
Spicate in opposite pairs on pedicels 2-1 in. apart (fructiferous pedicels 1-1} in. apart); *

238 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

corolla white, 7-9 lines long; sepals glabrous, one third the length of the pedicels,
acutely ovate ; tube of corolla 3-4 times as long as the sepals ; segments roundly obovate,
as long as the tube; fructiferous pedicels opposite, bearing 2 erect reddish follicles densely
hispid at each extremity with hooked rigid hairs, glabrous in the middle, teretely linear,
3 in. long, 2 lines thick ; the seeds comose.

De Candolle considers, on the authority of Poiret, that E. asperuginis, Sw., is a mere
variety of this very distinet species; but this seems inadmissible. Bentham and Hooker
(Gen. ii. p. 708) repeat the same inference.

6. ANECHITES REVOLUTA, nob.: Echites revoluta, A. DC. l. c. p. 457 ; Echites circinalis (in parte), Müll.
(non Sw.) in Flor. Bras. xxvi. p. 154. In Brasilia, prov. Cuyaba : non vidi.

A plant very distinet from that of Swartz: it has very slender scandent stems; its
leaves are oblong, acute, 2-3 in. long, 2-1 in. broad, plicately folded at the base, on
petioles 3 lines long; raceme axillary, on a bare peduncle 1 in. long, bearing above
8-10 flowers; sepals linear-lanceolate, with an inner multidentate scale; tube of eorolla
cylindrical, 7 lines long; segments longer than the tube; stamens inserted in the middle
of the tube, above its broad pilose lining ; disk of 5 lobes, connate at the base, longer
than the ovaries.

ExoTHOSTEMON.

A genus, proposed by G. Don for a group of Orinoco and Columbian plants, described
by Kunth under a distinct section of Echites. In habit and in their peculiar inflorescence
they approach Laseguea, but differ from it in their corolla, with a more slender tube,
pilose in the mouth, and in their much broader segments, more especially in their wholly
exserted stamens, a peculiarity which gave rise to the generic name. They are slender
scandent plants, with a fruit of 2 terete torulose follicles, with comose seeds. Messrs.
Bentham and Hooker are undoubtedly wrong in amalgamating Exothostemon with Pres-
tonia (Gen. ii. p. 709), the two genera being widely distinct: in the one the inflorescence
consists of a densely ramified panicle, often capitate, in the other a long narrow raceme
with adpressed bracts; in the one the mouth of the corolla-tube is furnished with scales
and a fleshy annular ring, which are wanting in the other; one has a fruit of 2 free
terete follicles, the other has a long cylindrical 2-celled capsule with septicidal dehiscence;
the coma of the seeds is simple in the one, double in the other.

Exotnostemon, G. Don: Echites (an nov. genus?), H. B. K., A. DC.: Prestonia (in parte), Benth. &
Hook. Char. reformatus. Sepala 5, ovata, acuminata, erecta, submembranacea, colorata, reticulato-
venosa, imo squamula intus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus anguste cylindricus, ad faucem
brevissime dilatatus, ubi annulo piloso donatus; segmenta dolabriformia, angulo uno acuminata,
altero late rotundata. Stamina annulo piloso inserta; filamenta brevia; anthere lineares, in conum
cohzerentes, seepius omnino exserte, acuminate, imo breviter emarginato-bilobz. Discus suburceo-
latus, in lobos 5 carnosos fere ad basin fissus. Ovaria 2, disco circumdata. Stylus simplex; clavun-
cula incrassata, 5-angulata, imo membrana lacerata munita, ad antheras agglutinata; stigmata 2,
parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, seepe torulosi, sutura ventrali dehiscentes, margine placentiferi ;
placenta linearis, demum soluta; semina plurima, oblonga, dorso convexa, margine incurva, ventre

—n

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 239

sulcata ; coma sericeo-pilosa, duplo longior, decidua ; albumen tenue, carnosum ; embryo inclusus ;
cotyledones 2, foliaceze, oblong, obtuse ; radicula supera, cylindracea.

Suffrutices Americe intertropice; ramulis tenuibus scandentibus, cum axillis remotis; folia oppo-
sita, oblonga, acuminata, imo sepe cordata, glabra aut hirsuta, sepe glandulis 2-4 carnosis ad coste
basin munita, petiolata ; racemi laterales, rarius terminales, aspergilliformes, multiflori ; flores
mediocres, crebre alternatim spicali, pedicellati ; bractex lanceolate, sepe majuscule, colorate, reti-
culate.

1. ExorHosrEMON BRACTEATUM, G. Don, Dict. iv. p. 82: Echites bracteata, H. B. K. iii. p. 217 (non
Vell); A. DC. Z. c. p. 458. In Nova Granada, Mariquita : non vidi.

A climbing species, with subfiliform villous branches, having remote axils; leaves
elliptic, cordate at the base, rounded and mucronately cuspidate at the apex, flat, entire,
membranaceous, reticulately veined, above green, pubescently hirtellous, with about 4
glabrous subulate glands at the base of the midrib, beneath softly and canescently
tomentose, 14-2 in. long, 13-14 lines broad, on channelled villous petioles 4-5 lines long ;
raceme lateral, aspergilliform, under 3 in. long, on a villous peduncle bearing few rather
large flowers on alternate hairy pedicels 13 line long, each with a coloured, reticulate,
hirtellous, acuminate bract narrowed at the base, near an inch long; sepals acuminately
lanceolate, subequal, flat, erect, 4 or 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, each
with an inner deltoid scale; corolla orange-coloured, hairy outside, its cylindrical tube
pubescent inside, shortly cup-shaped in the mouth, and there furnished with a pilose
staminigerous ring; segments oblong, inequilateral or dolabriform, with an acute tooth at
one angle, rounded at the other; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the mouth of the
tube; anthers cohering, quite exserted.

The only flower examined by Kunth was in bud.

3. Exormostemon Javirense, G. Don, l. c. p. 82: Echites Javitensis, H. B. K. l.c. p. 220; A. DC. Le
p. 461. In Venezuela, Missiones del Orinoco (Bonpland) : non vidi.

A lactescent shrub, with terete glabrous branches; leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded at
the base, shortly acuminate, membranaceous, with entire subrevolute margins, green
above, smooth, reticulately veined, paler beneath, minutely scabridulous, 445 in. long,
li-2 in. broad, on glabrous channelled petioles 5-6 lines long; raceme spicatiform,
lateral, erect, glabrous, 6 lines long ; peduncle covered from near the base with nume-
rous approximate, nearly sessile, spreading flowers, the size of those of Vinca rosea, each
supported by an acutely oblong, glabrous, coloured, deciduous bract 1 in. long; sepals
short, roundly ovate, obtuse, glabrous, subimbricate, coloured, ciliate, each with an
inner basal scale; corolla glabrous, its tube cylindrical, green, 1 in. long, lined below the
mouth with a sericeo-pilose ring; limb funnel-shaped, cleft into 5 inequilateral reflexed
segments cuspidate at one angle, rounded at the other, sericeo-pilose about the mouth ;
Stamens inserted in the top of the tube; anthers quite exserted, acuminate, shortly
2-lobed at the base, cohering in an erect cone; disk of 5 fleshy lobes, subconnate at the
base, nearly as long as the ovaries ; follicles, in the immature state, slender, cylindrical.

This and the preceding species differ from all the following in their very long bracts,
thus showing an approach of the genus towards Laseguea.

`

240 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEA,

3. ExoTHOSTEMON MOLLISSIMUM, Don, l. c. p. 82: Echites mollissima, H. B. K. l. c. p. 218; A. DC. Le
p. 461. In Nova Granada ad Honda : non vidi.

A climbing plant, with filiform hairy branches, having remote axils; leaves oblong,
rounded and cordate at the base, cuspidately acuminate, flat, membranaceous, above
green and hispidly pubescent, reticulately veined, canescent beneath, with soft shaggy
hairs, 2-21 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, on channelled tomentose petioles 4-5 lines long;
raceme lateral, shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, hirtellous; bracts lanceolate, as
long as the pedicel and calyx; pedicels hairy, 14 line long; sepals acutely ovate, erect,
1 line long, each with an inner lanceolately ovate scale; corolla yellow, hirtellous ;
tube 8-9 lines long, cylindrical, a little wider in the mouth, where it is sericeously
pilose; segments inequilateral, shortly acute at one angle, rounded at the other; sta-
mens inserted in the mouth of the tube, exserted; filaments short, broader above, pilose
inside ; anthers linear, glabrous, emarginately bilobed at the base; disk urceolate,
glabrous, partially cleft into 5 obtuse lobes, enclosing 2 ovaries; style, clavuncle, and
stigmata as in the generic character; follicles 2, slender, terete, torulose, hairy, 3 in.
long; seeds comose.

4. ExorHostemon MACROPHYLLUM, G. Don, l.c. p. 82: Echites macrophylla, H. B.K. (non Roxb.), l. c.
p. 218; A. DC. l. c. p. 461. Rio Orinoco: non vidi. ;

A slender species, with terete hairy branches; leaves subovate, elliptic, cuspidate,
cordate at the base, entire, membranaceous, above adpressed pilose, reticulately veined,
beneath canescent, hirto-pubescent, 5 in. long, 24 in. broad, on tomentose channelled
petioles 6 lines long; raceme lateral, much shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, few-
flowered; bracts ovate-oblong, hairy, as long as the pedicel and calyx, canescently to-
mentose; sepals hairy, shorter than the tube of the corolla, acuminately ovate, with an
internal scale; corolla not larger than that of Vinca rosea, pubescently hairy outside ;
tube cylindrical, a little swollen at the staminiferous sericeo-pilose ring in its mouth;
segments inequilateral; stamens inserted in the pilose ring, exserted ; filaments, anthers,
and other parts as in the preceding.

5. ExoruosrEMON GRACILE, G. Don, l c. p. 82: Echites gracilis, H. B. K. l. c. p. 219; A. DC. l. c.
p. 460. Rio Orinoco: non vidi.

A climbing species, with filiform hairy. branches, having very remote axils; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate, acuminate, rounded and cordate at the base,
flat, above glabrous, shining, green, reticulately veined, beneath paler, hirtellous, with
prominent nerves, 2-21 in. long, 8-7 lines broad, on shaggy channelled petioles 2 lines
long; raceme lateral, including the peduncle 3 in. long, bracteate, all hirtellous ; pedicels
13 line long, subulate; bracts of the same length ; sepals hairy, ovate-lanceolate, with a
deltoid inner scale; corolla yellow, glabrous, its tube cylindrical, 8 times as long. as the
sepals, a little swollen in the mouth, which is lined with a sericeo-pilose ring ; segments
inequilateral, cuspidately acuminate at one angle, rounded at the other; stamens inserted
in the pilose ring, exserted : the rest as in the preceding species.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE X. 241

6. ExoTHOSTEMON SPECIOSUM, G. Don, l c. p. 82: Echites speciosa, H. B. K. iii. p. 219; A, DC. Le.
p. 460. Rio Orinoco: non vidi.

A slender climber, with filiform branches, the younger ones hirtellous, all with remote
axils; leaves oblong, acuminate, rounded and cordate at the base, membranaceous,
green and glabrous above, reticulately veined, beneath paler and hirtellous, with pro-
minent nerves, 23-23 in. long, 9-11 lines broad, on hairy channelled petioles 3 lines
long; raceme lateral, pedunculate, 2 in. long, all hirtellous, its rachis flexuose; bracts
2 lines long; pedicels 4 lines long; flowers yellow, 2 in. long; sepals acutely oval; tube
of corolla 9-10 lines long, sericeo-pilose in the mouth; stamens and other parts as in
the preceding species; follicles 2, terete, fuscous, smooth, pointed, 7 in. long, the sutural
placenta afterwards free; seeds oblong, 5 lines lohg, dorsally convex and pilosulous,
channelled on the opposite face; coma sericeous, ferruginous, deciduous.

7. ExorHosrEMON PALUDOSUM, G. Don (in parte), l.c. p. 83: Echites paludosa, H. B. K. (non Vahl),
iii. p. 221. In Cuba: non vidi.

A climbing species, with striate terete glabrous branches; leaves oblong or oblong-
linear, acute at the base, acute or shortly acuminate at thé apex, membranaceous,
entire, glabrous, reticulately veined, with a prominent midrib beneath, 2-23 in. long,
4-11 lines broad, on glabrous channelled petioles 4-5 lines long; raceme terminal, 2 in.
long, pedunculate, bearing 2 to 4 geminate flowers on pedicels 4 lines long; sepals
acutely oblong, glabrous, reticulately veined, 3 lines long; corolla glabrous, its tube
cylindrical, much longer than the sepals, its segments as in the last species; the sta-
mens inserted on a pilose ring in the throat ; the anthers exserted, bearded: the rest as
in all the preceding species.

A species confounded with the Echites (Rhabdadenia) palustris, Vahl, which it much
resembles in habit, but differs in the narrow cylindrical tube of the corolla with a pilose
ring in the throat, on which the exserted stamens are seated.

8. Exornosremon sericeum, nob.: Prestonia sericea, Mart. & Galeot. Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. p. 360;
Walp. Rep. vi. p. 473. In Mexico, prope Oaxaca: non vidi.

A climbing plant, with villous branches: leaves ovate-lanceolate, subcordate, acu-
minate, villous and scabridulous above, flavescent and sericeo-tomentose beneath,
subsessile; panicle axillary, with a bifid peduncle longer than the leaves, fulvo-
tomentose, each branch corymbiferous ; bracts linear-aeuminate; sepals rather large,
cordately ovate, acuminate, villous; corolla salver-shaped; tube sericeously villose ;
segments obovate; stamens half-included, semi-exserted; no appendages in the mouth
of the tube.

9. ExornosrEMON CONTORTUM, nob. : Hemadictyon contortum, Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. p. 360;
Walp. Rep. vi. p. 473. In Mexico, prope Oaxaca: non vidi.
A subscandent species; leaves oval, subcordate, acuminate, pubescent above, puberulo-

velutinous beneath ; panicles axillary, on a bifid peduncle longer than the leaf, each
21

242 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

branch bearing many congested flowers; corolla salver-shaped, red, 1 in. long; tube
elongated, somewhat twisted ; segments roundly ovate, reflexed; stamens exserted.

THENARDIA.

This genus was established by Kunth in 1818, with a good figure and an ample de-
scription. It has numerous large flowers on a slender axillary peduncle, and many
long slender pedicels aggregated into an umbellate corymb: the flower has 5 lanceo-
late sepals, and a corolla with an extremely short narrow tube and a border of 5 gib-
bously ovoid segments, patently expanded, with a simple dextrorse convolution; the
stamens are long and wholly exserted. The chief peculiarity of the genus consists in a
syngenesious union of its broad membranaceous filaments into a tube in the middle,
while their extremities are quite free ; they are seated in the mouth of the short tube of
the corolla, and are attached above to the anthers; these have a long indurated con-
nective with 2 long basal prongs, and terminated above by a soft triangular expansion,
all valvately conniving at the apex to form the stegium which covers the stigma, The
style is slender and terminated by the incrassate clavuncle, which is pentagonal and
nectariferous, peltate below, with a membranaceous lacinulate margin, and is surmounted
* by a globose stigma, in accordance with the usual structure of the family; this was
not understood by Kunth, who figured the adherent ruptured portions of the base of the
clavuncle as expanded extensions of the filaments—a mistake arising from its appearance
in the dried flower. Kunth did not see its bifollicular fruit; this was described by De
Candolle from a Mexican drawing, where they are fusiform, 6 in. long, 4-5 lines broad,
containing many obovoid seeds with an apical coma.

1. THENARDIA FLORIBUNDA, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. iii. p. 210, tab. 240; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 425. In
Mexico indigena et in hort. cult.: non vidi.
2. THENARDIA ? SUAVEOLENS, Mart. & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Brux. xi. p. 359; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 473. In
Mexico, prov. Mechoacan: non vidi.
A doubtful species.
The two plants from Guiana, placed in Thenardia by Mr. Bentham, belong to his genus
. Thyrsanthus. r

FORSTERONIA.

Under Thyrsanthus it is related how that genus has been confounded with Forste-
ronia by Müller, and their numerous respective species promiscuously intermingled by
him. Meyer, in founding the genus Forsteronia in 1818, before the establishment of
Thyrsanthus, equally confounded together the few species enumerated by him, so that
his generic character is not exact. De Candolle in 1844 offered a much better diagnosis
than that of Müller (1864); but the following appears to me a still more correct
resumen of its characters. There is a remarkable degree of similarity in the external
habit of the plants and in the character of the inflorescence in the two genera, the
flowers in both cases being too minute to render their difference easily perceptible; but
there can be no mistake in the respective characters of the follicles and seeds.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEJA. 343

ForsTERONIA (char. reformat.), Meyer, A. DC., et Müll. (in parte). Sepala 5, parva, obtusa vel acuta,
erecta. Corolla parva; tubus brevissime cylindricus, seepe intus pilosus; segmenta 5, oblonga,
erecta, submembranacea, vix imbricata, marginibus demum subrevolutis, «estivatione minime sinis-
trorsum convoluta, szepe intus dense villosa. Stamina 5, tubo inserta ; filamenta brevia, complanata,
pilosula ; anthere omnino exsertz, iu conum conniventes, apicibus membranaceis inflexis ; connec-
tivum corneum, imo in furcas 2 paullo divergentes fissum. Discus in lobos 5 liberos divisus.
Ovaria 2 distincta, paullo breviora. Stylus tenuis, brevis; clavuncula incrassata ; stigmata 2,
brevia, terminalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, torulosi, nune interrupte et longe strangulati, sutura ventrali
dehiscentes. ` Semina oblonga, ventre concava, et raphe longitudinali notata; coma paullo longior,
sericea, decidua. Á r

Suffrutices Antillani, plerumque Brasilienses; ramuli tenues, sæpius scandentes ; paniculæ axillares
aut terminales, sepius multum divise spiciformes aut laxiuscule ramose, multiflores ; flores minimi, sepius
dense aggregati.

1. ForsTERONIA FLORIBUNDA, Meyer, Esseq. p. 135 (non Miill.); A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 437; Griseb. Fl. W.
Ind. p. 412: Echites floribunda, Sw. Prodr. p. 52; Fl. Ind. Occid. p. 534: Parsonsia floribunda,
R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. p. 65; G. Don, Dict. iv. p. 79. In Antillis: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
Jamaica (Swartz, Wright, Masson).

The typical specimen shows this to be a true Forsteronia. It is a shrub with flexuose,
slender, scandent, glabrous branches; its opposite leaves are oval or oblong-ovoid,
obtuse at the base, gradually acute and obtusely mucronate at the apex, the margins
subrevolute, subcoriaceous, glabrous, deep green above, subnitid, sulcate along the
midrib, with about 12 pairs of patently diverging nerves, with others shorter and inter-
mediate, all semiimmersed, yellowish and opake beneath, with a prominent reddish
midrib and scarcely prominulent fine nerves, 23-3 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on petioles
2-3 lines long; panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, much divided,
their branchlets 3 lines long, bearing numerous very small white flowers on slender pedicels
2 lines long; sepals ovate-acute, 4 line long; corolla 3 lines long, externally pruinose ;
tube 3 line long, villous inside; segments lanceolate, equilateral, membranaceous, very
villous inside towards the base, sinistrorsely subconvolute; anthers exserted, connivent,
villous; disk of 5 oblong glabrous lobes, as long as the pubescent ovaries.

3. ForsTERONIA Pavoxit, A. DC. J. c. p. 438. In Peruvia (Pavon): v. s. in herd. Mus. Brit., Tarapota
(Spruce 4908).

Spruce's plant agrees well with the short description of De Candolle. The branches
are dichotomous, the branchlets spreading, glabrous, shining black, pander, — "e,
with axils 1 in. apart ; leaves oblong, subacutely obtuse at the base, gradually acuminate,
thinly chartaceous, glabrous, pale green above, with fine immersed nerves, paler beneath,
opake, midrib flat, reddish, with scarcely prominulent nerves, 2 in. long, p lines
broad, on slender spreading channelled petioles 2 lines long; panicles terminal in the
young branches, spicately racemose, 2 in. long, on a peduncle bare at its pane zer Mine,
its approximately divided branches bearing very numerous condensated minule flowers
on pedicels } line long; sepals ovate, subacute, pale and membranaceous, with small inner

scales; corolla less than 2 lines long, glabrous outside; tube extremely short, sericeous
212

244 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

within; segments oblong, glabrous, the inner median nerve puberulous; stamens ex-
serted, fixed in the middle of the tube; disk of 5 distinct free lobes, concealing 2 pilose
ovaries.

8. ForsTERONIA REFRACTA, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 97. In Brasilia, prov. centralibus: v. v. el sicc. in
herb. meo (n. 4026, in flore et fructu) montibus Organensibus.

A scandent shrubby species, with glabrous, fuscous, trichotomous patent branches
and slender branchlets, all verruculous with crowded raised yellow lenticels, the axils
3 in. apart; leaves elliptic, obtuse or subacute at the base, contracted at the summit
into a subobtuse acumen, flaccidly chartaceous, glabrous, opake green above, with 6
pairs of fine diverging nerves and reticulated veins, paler beneath, with prominulent
yellow nerves, 11—21 in. long, 3-1 in. broad, on slender glabrous petioles 2 lines long;
racemose panieles at the end of the young branchlets, about as long as the leaves,
covered with yellow tomentum; peduncle terete, lenticellate, bearing several opposite
patent or refracted branchlets at intervals of 4 in., and about 6 lines long, each with
very short secondary branchlets bearing several approximate almost sessile flowers;
petals obtusely ovate, 4 line long; corolla 2 lines long, its tube } line long; segments
linear-oblong, puberulous outside, with rigid villous hairs inside, expanded and re-
flexed at the apex; stamens upon short filaments inserted within the tube; anthers as
long as the tube, wholly exserted, their membranaceous summits connivent at the trun-
cate apex, coriaceous and shortly bilobed at the base, all glabrous; style slender, short ;
clavuncle thick, club-shaped ; stigmata short, terete, terminal; follicles 2, pendent, free,
torose, striolate-suleate, acute, 10—13 in. long, the seminiferous lobes fusiform, 5 lines
long, 2 lines thick, alternating with as many strangulations 4-2 line thick, 8 to 12 lines
long, glabrous, fuscous; seeds linear-oblong, 5 lines long, crowned by a persistent
rufescent, sericeous, very spreading coma 9 lines long.

A drawing of this species, in flower and in fruit, is shown in Plate XXXV. s.

4. FORSTERONIA MINUTIFLORA, Müll. /. c. p. 99. In Brasilia, loco ignoto (Claussen 1955) : v. s. in herb.
meo (n. 8064), filio lecto ad Iguassu, prov. Rio de Janeiro.

This plant agrees with Claussen's, as described by Müller, in the shape of its
leaves and its inflorescence; only the leaves are somewhat smaller; the branches are
glabrous, fuscous, the younger ones paler and puberulous; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or subeordate at the base, gradually and acutely acuminate, submembranaceous,
dark green above, opake, of a rufescent hue, younger ones subpubescent, 12-21 in. long,
4-7 lines broad, on slender petioles 22-3 lines long (in Claussen's plant the leaves are
24-33 in. long, 11-12 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long); raceme terminal, 21-3 in.
long, narrowly subpyramidal, with many patent or subrefracted branchlets again closely
divided, bearing very numerous minute flowers on very short slender pedicels ; sepals
extremely minute, puberulous; corolla pubescent, 3 line long, tube extremely short.

The plant bears no resemblance to the F. meridionalis of Müller, as stated by him ;
it comes nearer to his F. Riedel.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 245

5. ForsTERONIA MONTANA, Müll. /. c. p. 101. In Brasilia, prope Rio de Janeiro, in montib. ad Estrella :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. in fructu, prov. Rio Janeiro (Bowie & Cunningham 72) : flores non vidi.
This species, described by Müller, is scandent, with slender, glabrous, fuscous branches,
densely verruculose; leaves broadly ovate, roundish and subcordate at the base, sud-
denly and shortly acuminate at the apex, membranaceous, glabrous, fuscous-green
above, with about 5 pairs of ascending semiimmersed nerves and reticulated veins, pale
ferruginous and opake beneath, with subprominulent nerves, and sulcate over the
immersed reticulated veins, 4-54 in. long, 21-22 in. broad, on rather slender chan-
nelled petioles not 6 lines long; inflorescence terminal (or lateral at the ends of the
younger branches), pyramidal, with few ramifications, each branchlet rather laxly
flowered, the flowers nearly 2 lines long, on short bracteolate pubescent pedicels ;
sepals acutely ovate, half the length of the corolla, pubescent, ciliolate on the margins,
without inner scales; corolla ferruginously tomentellous; tube very short; segments
oblong-ovate, erecto-patent, hispidulous within, twice the length of the tube; stamens
exserted ; anthers rigidly hairy behind; disk 5-lobed; follicles 2, 14 in. long, torose,
glabrous, fuscous, having about 8 very narrow long strangulations between as many sub-
acutely ovate seminiferous swellings, which are subnitid and costately striate outside.

6. Forsteronta Srrrowrr, Müll. l. c. p. 101. In Brasilia meridionali (Sellow 396), prov. Rio Janeiro
(Riedel 1101) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Brazil (Sellow).

A scandent plant, whose branches are cinereous, trichotomous; branchlets slender,
fuscous, glabrous ; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute at the base, shortly
acuminate, submembranaceous, subglabrous, or obsoletely puberulous, opakely pallid-
green above, glaucous, with 5-6 pairs of fine prominulent nerves, with others inter-
mediate, all arcuately conjoined, pale-green beneath, with reddish prominulent nerves
and reticulate veins, 22-31 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, on slender glabrous petioles
3-4 lines long; panicle subterminal, 3 in. long, branching from near the base, the lower
branches short, increasing upwards, where the branchlets are again divided and thickly
flowered; flowers approximate, on slender pubescent pedicels 1 line long; sepals acutely
ovate, puberulous, ¿ line long; corolla fulvo-puberulous outside, 2 lines long ; tube very
short, it and the acutely ovate segments hispid inside.

7. Forsteronia Rieper, Müll. /. c. p. 103. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, ad Estrella (Riedel) :
v. 8. in herb. Mus. Brit. Iguassu, prope Estrella (Bowie & Cunningham).

A slender climbing plant, with glabrous, striate, brown branchlets, their axils 1 in.
apart; leaves oblong-lanceolate (upper, young ones narrowly lanceolate), acute at the
base, with a short broadish subobtuse acumen, membranaceous, scabridulous, fuscous-
green above, with 4-6 pairs of remote ascending nerves, subferruginous beneath,
opake, with prominulent reddish nerves and densely reticulate veins, 2-23 in. long,
6-10 lines broad, on slender petioles 2-3 lines long; panicle racemose, b 9m Á—
young branches, 21 in. long, oppositely branched at distances of 6 lines; branches
3-1 in. long, bare at the base, patent, again shortly divided and bearing several approxi-
mate flowers on pedicels 1 line long; sepals acutely ovate, subpilose, 2 line long; corolla
subpilose, 2 lines long ; tube very short.

246 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

8. FORSTERONIA AUSTRALIS, Müll. Z. c. p. 103. In Brasilia australiore, prov. Sao Paulo (Sellow) : v. s.
in herb. Mus. Brit. Brasilia merid. (Sellow, Bowie and Cunningham).

Branches slender, fuscous, sparsely verruculose, glabrous, with axils 143 in. apart;
leaves elliptic or obovate, obtuse or subacute at the base, with a suddenly constricted
acute acumen, flaccidly chartaceous, very glabrous, above fuscous-green, with about 9
pairs of prominulent diverging nerves and immersed reticulated veins, brownish opake
beneath, with prominulent nerves and veins, 24-3} in. long, 13-21 in. broad, on slender
channelled petioles 3-4 lines long; panicle terminal in the young branchlets, 23 in. long,
oppositely branching from the base, and again divided; branchlets ? in. apart, sublaxly
many-flowered on bracteolate tomentellous pedicels 13-2 lines long ; sepals ovate, obtuse,
tomentellous, with ciliolate margins ; corolla 2-21 lines long; tube very short ; segments
obliquely ovate, densely pilose inside.

9. ForsTERONIA OBTUSILOBA, Müll. Linn. xxx. p. 413. In Caracas: non vidi.

A species said to be near F. australis, with reddish fuscous branchlets ; leaves ovate,
somewhat acute at the base, shortly acuminate, very glabrous, membranaceous, 2 in.
long, 13 in. broad, on petioles 13-2 lines long; panicle terminal, 23 in. long, pyramidal,
patently and shortly branched, the branchlets again divided and densely flowered ; corolla
2 lines long, glabrous, with a very short tube hispid in the mouth; segments acutely
oblong, shortly tomentellous; disk of 5 nearly free obtuse lobes; ovaries ovoid, subto-
mentellous at the apex.

10. ForstERONIA ACUTIFOLIA, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 99. In Brasilia ad Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. l. c. (Sellow, Bowie and Cunningham).

It has a twining branch, with a resilient bark; branches very slender, pale brown,
lenticellate, more or less puberulous; leaves ovate-oblong, subacute at the base, sud-
denly acutely acuminate at the summit, chartaceous, glabrous above, fuscous green,
with 7 pairs of slender, scarcely prominulent, divergent nerves and transverse reticulate
veins, darkly ferruginous beneath, subpuberulous, with reddish prominulent nerves,
3 in. long, 1$ in. broad, on very slender petioles 5 lines long; panicles axillary and
terminal, 3 in. long, bare at the base for 3 in., rather narrow, densely ferrugineo-
puberulous, with short branches 4-6 lines apart, divided and bearing many very small
approximate flowers on slender pedicels 2 line long; sepals acutely ovate, 2 line long;
corolla 2 lines long, tube very short.

ll. FORSTERONIA PROTENSA, nob.: Forsteronia acutifolia, var. pubescens, Müll. (non A. DC.) l. c. p. 99.
In Brasilia circa Rio de Janeiro (Sellow): v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex l. c. (Sellow, Bowie and
Cunningham).

A scandent species, with slender flexuose branchlets, pale brown, striolate, and lenti-
cellate, with axils 14 in. apart; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, suddenly con-
stricted towards the apex into a long, straight, linear, obtusulous acumen, chartaceous,
glaucous opake and fuscous-green above, with about 7 pairs of slender, diverging, semi-

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 247

immersed nerves, arcuately conjoined, paler, opake, and ferruginous beneath, puberulous,
3 in. long including the linear acumen (4 lines long, 1 line broad), 14 in. broad, on
channelled petioles 3 lines long; panicles axillary and terminal, 3 in. long, laxly
branched, branches subdivergent, 4-6 lines apart, 12 lines long, bare at the base, again
divided and bearing numerous very small flowers on bracteolate pedicels } line long,
all shortly puberulous; sepals acute, $ line long; corolla 2 lines long; tube extremely

Short; segments oblong, three times as long as the tube; stamens exserted.

12. FORSTERONIA THYRSOIDEA, Müll. Z. c. p. 105: Echites thyrsoidea, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 111, Icon. iii.
tab. 37. In Brasilia, prov. Rio Janeiro, ad Santa Cruz: non vidi.

A scandent species, with stoutish hirsute branches 4 lines thick, with axils 44 in.
apart, whence issue more slender branchlets divaricating nearly at a right angle, 9 in.
long, hirtous, lenticellate, the axils 2 in. apart; the leaves on the branchlets (sometimes
not quite opposite) are elliptic, rounded or roundish at the base, constricted near the
apex into a subobtuse acumen, with about 12 pairs of very fine diverging nerves and
many transverse reticulated veins, hirsutulous beneath, 3-3} in. long, 1-13 in. broad, `
on slender pubescent petioles 14-2 lines long; inflorescence terminal, on a peduncle
3 in. long, supporting a pyramidal floral mass 2 in. long, 10 lines broad at the lower
part, gradually pointed upwards, consisting of a number of densely approximate
branchlets crowded with many very small yellowish flowers, each mostly concealed by
its own small lanceolate bract ; flowers scarcely more than 2 lines long; pedicels very
short ; sepals acutely lanceolate ; tube of corolla extremely short; its segments 2 lines
long, subacute; stamens quite exserted: subsequently the floral peduncle becomes
elongated and thickened, producing 3 long pedicels 6 lines apart, each supporting 2
elongated pendent follicles 9} in. long, having about 6 narrow strangulations, the
intervals being fusiformly oblong, seminigerous, 2 lines broad, dehiscing in the usual
manner; seeds conically oblong, subpilose, 5 lines long, 1} line broad, with a spreading
coma 8 lines long.

A species near F. montana.

13. FORSTERONIA DIVARICATA, nob.: ramis validiusculis, pallide brunneis, verruculoso - lenticellatis,
remote divaricatim opposite ramosis, ramis tenuioribus incurvatis, iterum breviter ramulósis,
ramulis tertiariis brevibus, foliatis et floriferis : foliis ellipticis, in paribus tribus, imo subrotundatis,
apice breviter acutis, chartaceis, supra fusco-viridibus, opacis, scabridulis, ad nervos sulcatis, nervis
utrinque 6, divergenti-adscendentibus, immersis, subtus pallidioribus, opacis, costa nervisque fulvis
prominentibus, patentim hirtulis, breviter petiolatis: paniculis in ramis tertiariis terminalibus,
a basi trichotomis, ramis adscendenti-divaricatis, curvatis, imo nudis, superne ramulosis et crebriter
plurifloris ; floribus congestis, hirsutulis, pedicellatis ; sepalis parvis, acutis ; corolla hispidula, tubo
brevissimo. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex l. c. (Bowie and Cunning-
ham, n. 72).

This plant has many of the characters of the Echites thyrsoidea of Velloz, the pre-
ceding species, but is more glabrous and its inflorescence more diffuse, and has smaller
leaves. The main branch is 1 line thick, with axils 24 in. apart ; the primary branchlets
issue from these axils nearly at a right angle, curving upwards, being 3 in. long, all

248 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

glabrous, have their axils 14 in. apart, and bear at their summits a terminal raceme;
leaves 14 in. long, 9 lines broad, on hirsute petioles 1 line long, opposite upon the short
secondary branchlets, which are 6 lines apart ; raceme spreading, consisting of 3 branches,
nearly 3 in. long, all issuing from the base, where they are bare for 1 in., bearing upwards
at intervals of 6 lines lateral branchlets 8 lines long, bare for half that length, which bear
upwards a mass of approximate flowers more or less spreading, and all hirsutulous;
pedicels 1 line long; sepals $ line long; corolla 2 lines long, with an extremely short
tube ; follicles said to be more than 1 foot long.

14. FORSTERONIA OVALIFOLIA, nob. : Echites ovalifolia, Poir. Dict. Suppl. ii. p. 535; A. DC. l. c. p. 473.
In Antillis : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Hispaniola (Swartz).

This specimen agrees with Poiret's description: its leaves are opposite, obovate, sub-
euneately narrowed towards the base, rounded, mucronate at the shortly narrowed
summit, of a laurel-like texture, very dark green above, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous,
suleate along the midrib and 5 pairs of divergent slender yellow nerves, nitid, with a
thick corrugulate parenchyma, pale yellow and opake beneath, granular and sparsely
puberulous, with prominent midrib and nerves, the veins wholly immersed, 14-14 in.
long, 9-10 lines broad, on slender channelled petioles 3 lines long; panicles axillary,
longer than the leaves, puberulous, much branched, branches 6 lines long, again sub-
divided, with very numerous small flowers on bracteolate pedicels 1 line long; sepals
subobtusely ovate, puberulous, + line long; corolla in bud 2 lines long, shortly puberu-
lous; tube very short; rest as in the preceding species.

15. ForsTERONIA ROTUNDIUSCULA, nob. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. in fructu (Sellow).

A species very near the preceding: branches slender, terete, glabrous, dichotomous,
axils about 1 in. apart; leaves orbicular, sometimes plicate, slightly cordate at the
base, suddenly constricted at the apex into a short acute acumen, fuscous green above,
finely rugulose, with immersed very fine nerves, paler and brownish beneath, opake,
obsoletely puberulous, with prominulent fine nerves, 14 in. long, 11 in. broad, on slender
petioles 1 line long ; inflorescence axillary; fructiferous peduncle 9 lines long; glabrous
follicles 2, terete, 5 in. long, 1 line broad, much arched and conjoined at the apex ; seeds .
many, linear-oblong, 4 lines long, compressed, striated dorsally, with a white longitudinal
raphe along the ventral face; coma reddish, sericeous, 6 lines long, suberect, and
eaducous.

LASEGUEA.

A very good genus, established in 1844 by Prof. De Candolle, well illustrated by
Delessert in his *Ieones, and by Dr. Müller in the * Flora Brasiliensis, as well as by
Velloz in the * Flora Fluminensis.’ Its several species have frequently (perhaps always ?)
knotty tuberose roots, from which spring one or more simple, stoutish, erect, sub-
herbaceous stems, with axils not very remote; the leaves are opposite, ovate or oblong,
often cordate, on stoutish petioles; raceme lateral or subterminal, forming an elongated

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEÆ. 249

brush-like spike, signalized by several imbricate bracts partly concealing as many incon-

spicuous flowers, which have a tubular corolla with small rounded segments 3—4 times

shorter than the tube. De Candolle, in his description of the genus, assigns a sinistrorse
convolution to the segments of the corolla, which is not correct ; but Müller rightly gives
them a dextrorse direction.

LasecuUEa, A. DC. (char. emend.) Sepala 5, ovato-acuminata, submembranacea, intus squamula integra
vel irregulariter dentata singulatim munita; corolla tubulosa; tubus cylindricus, calyci qualis vel
longior, medio paullo constrictus, et ibi annulo piloso intus donatus; segmenta 5, insequilatera,
oblique ovata, angulo sinistro acutiora, tubo 3—4plo breviora, dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina
inclusa, ad medium tubi annulo piloso inserta ; filamenta brevissima, margine villosa ; anthere lineari-
oblongze, in conum coherentes, apice membrana apiculate, imo cordate vel obtuse et brevissime
bilobe. Discus e lobis 5 obtusis, ovariis dimidio brevior; stylus filiformis; clavuncula incrassata,
imo membrana peltata munita; stigmata 2, parva, termiualia. Folliculi 2, tenuiter teretes, erecti,
vix curvati, ssepe longissimi. Semina numerosa, subimbricata, lineari-oblonga, apice truncata,
striolata; coma erecta, seminis sesquilongitudine, e pilis mollibus confecta.

Plante Americe intertropice, raro extratropice plerumque Brasiliane, a radice sepe tuberoso orte ;
ramuli subherbacei, vel sublignosi, scandentes ; folia opposita, ovato-oblonga, sepe cordata, subbreviter
petiolata; racemi axillares vel subterminales, pedunculati, crebre multiflori, aspergilliformes, imbri-
catim bracteati; flores mediocres, inconspicui, pedicellati.

1, Laseouza GuILLEMINIANa, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 481 ; Deless. Icon. v. p. 23, tab. 53: Laseguea erecta,
var. Guilleminiana, Müll. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 135, tab. 41. In Brasilia, prov. centralib: v. s. in
herb. Mus. Brit. Minas Geraés (Claussen).

This plant has a stout erect pubescent stem, with axils } in. apart; its decussately
opposite leaves are oval, mucronate at the apex, cordate at the base, pubescent beneath,
with prominent nerves and reticulate veins, 3-44 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, on petioles
1 line long; raceme elongated, 4-8 in. long, pyramidal, bare at the base, densely
flowered, clothed with imbricating lanceolate bracts, each 5 lines long, supporting a
single pedicellate flower; pedicels twisted, pubescent, 6 lines long; sepals glabrous,
lanceolate, 9 lines long, 1 line broad at the base; tube of corolla cylindrical, 8 lines
long; segments 14 line long, acute, dextrorsely convolute; stamens inserted on a pilose
ring above the middle of the tube, included; filaments short; anthers coherent in a
cone; disk of 5 truncated lobes, half as long as the 2 ovaries.

2. Lasecuza ERECTA, Müll. (in parte) l. c. p. 135: Laseguea acutifolia, A. DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844,
p. 261; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 477: Echites erecta, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 113, Icon. iii. tab. 45. In
Brasilia, ad Encrucilhada, prope conterminam prov. Rio de Janeiro et S. Paulo: non vidi. .

An erect shrub, about 18 in. high, with a stout semiherbaceous pubescent stem,
bearing a single branchlet, the axils being 2 in. apart; leaves decussately opposite, erect,

Subovate, cordate at the base, narrowing upwards into a subacute point, margins

undulate, beneath pilose, with prominent subascending nerves, 3—4 in. long, 14-24 in.

broad, on petioles 2 lines long; racemes axillary and terminal, narrowly spicate, on a

peduncle 4 in. long in flower (longer in fruit), with very approximate flowers, signalized

by many imbricate adpressed acute bracts 4 lines long; pedicels 4 lines ET sepals
K

250 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX.

lanceolate, 6 lines long; tube of corolla 8 lines long; segments acute, 2 lines long;
stamens included, cohering in a cone ; follicles 2, erect, parallel or slightly curved, 5 in.
long, 14 line thick.

3. LASEGUEA EMARGINATA, A. DC. Z. c. p. 481; Müll. Z c. p. 136: Echites emarginata, Velloz, l. e.
p. 113, Icon. iii. tab. 46. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prov. central, (Claussen).

A species near the preceding, having a tuberous root, an erect stem with few short
branches and with axils 2-3 in. apart, everywhere pubescent; leaves ovate, subcordate
at the base, emarginate at the summit, scabrid above, sulcate along the nerves, paler
and pubescent beneath, with prominent midrib and very ascending reddish nerves, 2-2
in. long, 14-13 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long; racemes axillary and terminal,
narrowly cylindrical, 6 in. long, pubescent; peduncle quadrangular, clothed with many
imbricating acutely lanceolate coloured bracts 6 lines long; pedicels 6-8 lines long;
sepals linear, 8 lines long; tube of corolla greenish white, cylindrical, gradually
narrower upwards, 6 lines long ; segments oval, 2 lines long, with dextrorse convolution;
stamens included in the upper portion of the tube.

4. LASEGUEA GLABRA, A. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3° sér. i. p. 262; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 477. In Brasilia,
prov. Rio Grande do Sul: non vidi.

A species evidently distinct from any of the preceding: it is an erect shrub, every-
where glabrous; leaves approximate, acutely ovate, the nerves patently prominent
beneath, with reticulate veins, 3 in. long, 14 in. broad; raceme terminal, cylindrical,
erect, glabrous, 1 in. long, bearing many approximate flowers furnished with acutely

oblong bracts 6 lines long, 14 line broad, covering pedicels 4 lines long; sepals obtusely
oblong, 6 lines long.

5. LAsEGUEA OBLIQUINERVIA, A. DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 3° sér. i. p. 261; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 477: Laseguea
Guilleminiana, var. obliquinervia, Müll. l. c. p. 135. In Brasilia, prov. S. Paulo: non vidi.

An erect plant, with branches densely and fasciculately pilose ; leaves obovate, obtuse,
mucronulate at the apex, subglabrous above, with oblique nerves and reticulated veins,
incano-pubescent beneath, 23 3 in. long, 2-21 in. broad, subsessile; raceme 5 in. long;
peduncle bare at the base, bearing above many flowers on straight pedicels 6 lines long,
covered by linear-lanceolate subglabrous bracts of the same length; sepals linear-
lanceolate, subglabrous, narrower at the base, 10 lines long, 1 line broad.

6. LasEGUEA VILLOSA, nob. : ramulis substrictis, dense pilosis ; axillis subremotis : foliis oblongis, imum
versus angustioribus, et hic profundiuscule cordatis, apice repente et longe cuspidatis, supra fusco-
viridibus, sparse et longe pilosis, subtus ferrugineo-opacis, pilosulis, ad nervos prominentes sparse
hirsutis; petiolis tenuibus, longe pilosis : racemo laterali, subrecurvo, imo pedunculato, mox asper-
gilliformi, cum bracteis numerosis longiusculis imbricatis, multifloro ; floribus subparvis; bracteis
oblongis, longe cuspidatis, membranaceis, nervo mediano puberulis ; pedicellis brevissimis, hispi-
dulis; sepalis anguste lanceolatis, cuspidatis, medio pilosulis ; corolla tubulosa, lutea, fauce san-
guinea; tubo subbrevi, bractea paullo longiore, imo ampliore, pilosulo; segmentis brevibus,
dextrorsum convolutis. In America centrali : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Nicaragua (Seemann 95).

The axils are 33 in. apart; the leaves 64 in. long including the basal sinus (6 lines

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 251

deep), 2? in. broad, on petioles 1 in. long; raceme 34 in. long; peduncle bare at the base
for 14 in. ; bracts 6 lines long, 1 line broad; pedicels 14 line long; sepals 4 lines long ;
corolla in bud 6 lines long.

7. LaseGUEA ANTENNACEA, nob.: Echites antennacea, A. DC. l. c. p. 456. In Peruvia (Pavon) : non
vidi.

A species with scabridly pubescent terete branches; leaves oblong, subcordate, acu-
minate, scabrid above, with several glands at the base of the limb, velutinous beneath,
4 in. long, 13 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; raceme lateral, arcuate, 2-3 times
as long as the leaves, scabridly puberulous, bearing many almost sessile flowers, partly
concealed by as many bracts, which are oblong, mucronate, membranaceous, reddish,
6-8 lines long, 2-3 lines broad ; sepals acuminately ovate, 2 lines long, with an inner
dentate scale; corolla scabridulous, red ; tube 1 in. long, a little narrowed in the middle;
segments shorter than the tube; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube; disk
urceolate, thick, a little shorter than the ovaries; follicles arcuate, torulose, converging
at the apex, 6 in. long; seeds 4 lines long, with a rather long reddish coma.

This species is placed in Laseguea on account of its general character, its inflores-
cence, and more especially the form of its disk; it is evidently near the preceding
species.

8. LaszcvEA BICOLOR, nob.: Echites bicolor, Mig. Stirp. Surin. Sel. p. 154; Walp. Ann. iii. p. 42. In
Surinam : non vidi.

A plant possessing all the characters of Laseguea : its branches are scabrescent ; the
leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, roundish and shortly cordate at the base, shortly acuminate,
subscabrid above, pilose on the midrib above with hairs globular at their base, beneath
subsericeously pubescent, on very short petioles; racemes axillary, cylindrical, densely
spicate, as long as the leaves, puberulous, furnished with many imbricating lanceolate
bracts as long as the pedicel and calyx; pedicels short ; sepals linear, subequal, pube-
rulous, each with an inner obtuse or denticulate scale; tube of corolla slender, pube-
rulous, somewhat dilated at the base; segments acutely ovate, shorter than the tube.

9. LASEGUEA LATIUSCULA, nob. : suberecta, ramis rigide teretibus, cum axillis remotis: foliis oppositis,
oblongis vel ovatis, imo oblique rotundatis, apice late ellipticis, et in acumen subbreve cuspidatum
subito constrictis, submembranaceis, margine ciliatis, supra profunde viridibus, ad aime nervosque
puberulis, subtus rufescentibus, presertim ad costam et nervos subhispidulis ; petiolis brevibus,
canaliculatis, puberulis: racemo laterali, quam folium subbreviore, erecto, imo pedunculato, mox
aspergilliformi, bracteis crebre imbricatis, adpresse erecti, lineari-lanceolatis, cuspidatis, quam pedi-
cellus calyxque triplo longioribus, glabris, rubris, marginibus submembranaceis ; pedicellis SG
simis; sepalis enspidato-lanceolatis, subinzequalibus, glabris, intus squamula leta apice 3-5-dentic ata
munitis; corolla tubulosa, carnosula, rubidula ; tubo cylindrico, medio vix coarctato ; er
membranaceis, ovalibus, subacutis, insequilateris, quam tubus triplo brevioribus, dextrorsum conv 0-

lutis: staminibus ad medium tubi annulo retrorsum piloso insertis; antheris pum caes
membranaceis, imo in furcas 2 parallele obtusas subbreves divisis; disco eylindrico, lobis 5, apice

truncatis; ovariis 2, acute oblongis, discum excedentibus ; stylo filiformi ; dp T
K

252 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

folliculis 2, erectis, parallelis, teretibus; seminibus comosis. In Cayenne: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit.
(Van Rohr).

The rigid upright branches are 1 line thick, with axils 4 in. apart; leaves 32-44 in.
long, 24-23 in. broad, on petioles 23-8 lines long; raceme 3 in. long, on an erect peduncle
bare at its base for one third of its length, thence furnished with numerous imbricate
bracts 6 lines long, 1 line broad; pedicels 1 line long; sepals 13 line long; tube of
corolla 9 lines long; segments 4 lines long, 3 lines broad; the 2 follicles are 64 in.
long, 1} line broad; the seeds are linear-oblong, 6 lines long, 1 line broad, terminated
by an erect coma 9 lines long.

A drawing of this species, with its floral and carpological analysis, is shown in Plate
XXXV.A.

10. LasEGUEA VENUSTULA, nob.: ramulis substrictis, brunneis, scabridule pruinosis ; axillis remotius-
culis : foliis oppositis, obovato-oblongis, infra medium angustioribus, imo in lobos 2 obtuse angustos
auriculato-cordatis, apice recurvule attenuato-acuminatis, marginibus tenuiter cartilagineis, supra
fusco-viridibus, seabridule pruinosis, ad costam suleatis, nervis immersis, subtus fusce hepaticis,
opacis, obsolete scabridulis, costa nervis venisque transversim reticulatis rubidulis prominulis ;
petiolo canaliculato, scabrido, quam limbus 12plo breviore : racemo laterali, quam folium subbreviore,
ad medium pedunculato, sursum aspergilliformi, multifloro ; bracteis lanceolatis, crebre imbricatis,
scabridulis, marginibus membranaceis, quam calyx triplo longioribus ; pedicellis brevibus ; sepalis
lanceolatis, acuminatissimis, scabridulis, intus squamula lata apice 3-denticulata munitis ; corollze tubo
cylindrico, carnosulo, superne pro tertia parte subampliato, quam calyx multo longiore ; segmentis
oblongis, dolabriformibus, dextrorsum convolutis, quam tubus triente brevioribus; staminibus annulo
niveo-piloso ad contractionem tubi insertis; antheris cohwrentibus, apice membranaceis, imo in
furcas 2 obtusas breves divisis; disco urceolato, in lobos 5 emarginatos breviter fisso; ovariis 2,
oblongis, paullo brevioribus ; stylo filiformi ; clavuncula incrassata, imo membranacea. In Cayenne:
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex loc. cit. (Van Rohr).

A species near the preceding, but with larger, narrower leaves; axils 2-3 in. apart;
leaves 3-43 in. long, 1-1% in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; raceme 23 in. long, on a
peduncle half that length; bracts 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, very approximate, erect;

pedicels 3 line long; sepals 1} line long; tube of corolla 9 lines long; segments 3 lines
long and broad.

ll. Lasecuza sussPICATA, nob. : Echites subspicata, Vahl, Ecl. ii. p. 18; A. DC. l c. p. 467, In Ame-
rica centrali (Van Rohr) : non vidi.

A species near the preceding. A climbing plant, with smooth terete branchlets ; leaves
patently opposite, oblong, subcordate at the base, attenuated at the apex, very glabrous,
shining, very entire, reticulately veined, beneath with a prominent reddish midrib, 4-5 in.
long, on obsoletely villous petioles 6 lines long; raceme lateral, glabrous, on a peduncle
thickened above, and then extending in a brush-like form, nearly as long as the leaf,
with very approximate flowers, and having many dark imbricating linear-lanceolate
bracts with membranaceous margins longer than the pedicel and calyx; pedicels very
short ; sepals lanceolate, glabrous ; corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical tube 1 in. long,
shortly swollen near the throat.

`

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACER. 253

12. Lasgcuea roLrosa, nob.: Amblyanthera foliosa, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 427. Prope Mexico (Gies-
brecht) : non vidi.

A species, according to Müller, resembling the preceding: its branches are 18 in.
long, with terete glabrous remote branchlets densely foliaceous ; leaves subsessile, erect,
obovate, cordate at the base, gradually acuminate, membranaceous, dusky, subglabrous
above, with 6-8 pairs of divergent prominulent nerves subarcuately conjoined, reticu-
lately veined, hirtellous along the nerves, puberulous on the margins, 32-42 in. long,
13-1} in. broad, on petioles 12 line long; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves and
concealed by them, glabrous, with many small flowers upon a short peduncle, on pedicels
4 lines long, supported by acuminate linear-lanceolate bracts 3] lines long; sepals
linear or triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate on the margins, 31-32 lines long,
with 4-8 inner subulate scales; corolla in the whole 93 lines long, its tube narrowed
at the base for two thirds of its length, widening above; its segments rhomboidally
obovate, short; anthers short; disk half-cleft into 5 obtuse lobes, as long as the ovoid
glabrous ovaries.

13. LASEGUEA PUBIPLORA, nob. : erecta, ramulis compressis, puberulis: foliis elliptico-oblongis, imo sub-
acutis, apice in acumen breve constrictis, chartaceis, marginibus revolutis, utrinque sparse puberulis,
supra viridibus, ad costam sulcatis, nervis impressis, subtus flavescentibus, opacis, nervis vix pro-
minulis, venis valde reticulatis ; petiolis limbo 5plo brevioribus : racemis axillaribus, crebre spi-
catifloris, undique pilis mollibus longis sparsim puberulis, bracteis spathulato-lanceolatis, imbricatis,
erectis, membranaceis ; pedicellis brevioribus ; sepalis acutissime linearibus, membranaceis ; corolle
tubo quam calyx triplo longiore, apice paullo ampliato, extus dense niveo-piloso, intus glabro;
segmentis membranaceis, oblique rotundatis, dextrorsum convolutis, margine exteriore pilosis ; sta-
minibus supra medium tubi inclusis; filamentis brevibus, pilosis ; antheris linearibus, apiculatis,
imo breviter obtuse bilobis; disco 5-lobo, lobis obtusis, ovariis 2 pilosis zquilongo. In Antillis :
v. 3. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Dr. Wright, sub Echites suberecta).

Leaves 14-13 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; raceme 4 in. long :
bracts 4 lines long, 1 line broad, 5-6 lines distant; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals 34 lines
long, 4 line broad ; tube of corolla 9 lines long; segments 3 lines long and broad.

14. Laseguza Penttanprana, A. DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 3° sér. i. p. 262; Walp. Rep. vi. p. 478. In Bolivia,
ad Illimani : non vidi.

A scandent species, allied to the two preceding: branches glabrous below, puberulous
above; leaves ovate or acutely ovate, glabrous above, incano-pubescent beneath, 2 in.
long, 1-13 in. broad, on petioles 6-10 lines long; bracts of raceme 4 lines long ; pedicels
5 lines long; sepals 6 lines long, less than 1 line broad.

15. LaskGUEA Hooxznr, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 136 : Parsonsia ? bracteata, Hook. Arn. Journ. Bot. i.
P. 287 ; A. DC. Le p. 402. In Brasilia, prov. Rio Grande do Sul (Tweedie 88).

A strong climbing plant, with acutely ovate-cordate leaves, pubescent beneath, 2-3 in.

long, on short petioles; racemes axillary, 8 in. long, spicately flowered ; flowers approxi-

mate, numerous, on short pedicels, which are hidden by as many imbricating po

bracts; sepals lanceolate, as long as the bracts; tube of corolla of the same length; seg-

254 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

ments small, ovate, erect ; stamens included, seated on a pilose ring above the base of
the tube; disk of 5 lobes, surrounding the ovaries.

This species is placed by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. p. 725) in Odontadenia,
to which genus it is seen to bear no relation whatever.

16. LASEGUEA LEPTOCARPA, nob.: Parsonsia leptocarpa, Hook. Arn. Journ. Bot. i. p. 287. In Brasilia,
prov. Rio Grande do Sul.

A species near the preceding, climbing to the top of the highest trees. It has pubescent
branches, with glabrous, oval, obtuse, membranaceous leaves on short petioles ; raceme
terminal, subsessile, covered closely with imbricating, small, acutely oval bracts; tube
of corolla nearly twice the length of the sepals, pilose within towards the base ; its seg-
ments lanceolate, rotate; lobes of the disk acute; follicles 1-2 feet long, less than a line
thick. These are all the particulars recorded, from which it is evident that it is a species
closely allied to the preceding. :

17. Lasecura Jsornt, nob.: Urechites Jegeri, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 443. In Hayti: non vidi.

There is no indication whatever that this plant belongs to Urechites ; on the contrary,
it differs in its habit and inflorescence, in which respects it agrees well with Laseguea.
Miller saw only an immature flower, and, what is more important, knew nothing of its
fruit and seeds. Its branches are subscandent, cinereously purpurescent, glabrous, the
branchlets slender, paler, terete, patently hirsute; leaves oblong-elliptic or broadly
oblong, subcordate at the base, suddenly and shortly acuminate, membranaceous, pilose
on both sides, paler beneath, with reticulate veins, 12-31 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on _
petioles (short, as stated in the final note) 121-2 lines long (31-5 mm., not em.); racemes
lateral, longer than the leaves, hirsute, with long white hairs; peduncle many times
longer than the petiole, laxly many-flowered ; pedicels twice as long as the sepals, sup-
ported by linear-acute bracts 52-84 lines long, 1-12 line broad; sepals linear, acuminate,
7-83 lines long; corolla immature, narrowed at its base for one fourth of its length,
broader above, niveo-hirsute outside, with short segments; disk distinctly 5-lobulate, a
little shorter than the ovaries. These characters strictly conform with Laseguea, not
with Urechites.

The Laseguea calycosa, Griesb., = Rhodocalya calycosus (supra, p. 140).

H&MADICTYON.

It has already been stated (p. 148) that the authors of the ‘Genera Plantarum’ have
merged this genus in Prestonia, merely on account of the presence, in both cases, of
certain faucial appendages in the corolla; and some of the reasons were then given (/oc-
cit.) for rejecting this union; others, equally potent, are here offered. The plants of
Hemadictyon may generally be recognized by their habit: their leaves are very often
more diaphanous, of a peculiar hue, exhibiting beautifully coloured veins (whence the
generic name); the dilated axils of the branches are quite bare of the many stipules pre-
sent in Prestonia ; the inflorescence, upon a long simple flexuose peduncle always bare

A

——

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 255

at its base, rises laterally from the node, and is furnished above with several laxly
alternate flowers upon longish pedicels, thus contrasting ostensibly with Prestonia,
where the peduncle, always branching, rises out of a cluster of stipuloid scales, and
bears numerous almost sessile flowers generally aggregated in capitate heads; the disk
also consists of 5 free fleshy erect lobes (not combined into a cylindrical cup); the 2
follicles are always divaricately separate, long, narrow, and torulose (not combined into
a long, stout, 2-celled capsule). Other minor differences exist, as the following amended
diagnosis will show.

Hamanicryon, Lindl. (char. emend.) : Prestonia (in parte) Benth. & Hook. (non aliorum). Sepala aut
minora et lineari-acuminata, vel majora et acute ovata, membranacea, intus squamula acute lineari
apice 3-dentata munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis; tubus latiuscule cylindricus, fauce subcon-
strictus, et ibi annulo integro signatus, remotiuscule sub ore segmentis alternis, appendicibus 5 anguste |
linearibus bidentieulatis apice exsertis instructus; segmenta obtuse insequilatera et deltoidea, tubo
subbreviora, dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5, e pilis retrorsis in cristulas totidem, medio tubi inserta,
apice vix exserta, in conum subcohzrentia; filamenta brevia, retrorsum ciliata; anthere lineari-
acuminate, imo divergenter biaristatwe. Discus e lobis 5, erectis, obtuse oblongis, intus canaliculatis,
carnosis constans; ovaria 2, ovata, disco «equilonga; stylus tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, imo
indusiata ; stigmata 2, parva, ovata, terminalia. Folliculi 2, longi, teretes, subtorulosi, plus minusve
divergentes. Semina plurima, oblonga, dorso costata, ventre raphe longitudinali signata. Embryo in
albumine ;. cotyledonibus 2, oblongis, foliaceis; radicula tenuiter tereti supera his breviore.

Suffrutices Americe meridionalis scandentes ; rami cum axillis remotis nude dilatatis; folia ob-
longa, opposita, sepe subtranslucentia et eleganter venosa, petiolata ; inflorescentia laterali, simpliciter
longe pedunculata ; flores laxe alterni, tenuiter pedicellati et bracteolati.

1. Hxwanicryos venosum, Lindl, Trans. Hort. Soc. vi. p. 71: Hemadictyon nutans, A. DC. Prodr. viii.
p. 426: Echites nutans, Anderson, Bot. Mag. li. tab. 2473; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 413: Echites
sanguinolenta, Juss., Tussac. Fl. Ant. i. tab. 11; A. DC. l c. p. 413. In Amer. merid. et Antillis :
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Amer. merid. (Shakespear, sub Tabernemontana axillaris) .

A climbing species with smooth branches; leaves oblong-ovate, acute at the base, nar-
rowing upwards into an acute reflected point, submembranaceous or .chartaceous, sub-
translucent, very glabrous, with about 9 pairs of reddish fine nerves arcuately conjoined,
with reticulated veins, margins scarcely revolute, pale-green above, yellowish - opake
beneath, with slightly prominulent midrib and nerves, 4-10 in. long, 11-21 in. broad,
on slender petioles 2-4 lines long conjoined by a transverse ridge across the node;
racemes solitary and lateral at each axil, 23 in. long, on a peduncle bare at the base for
6 lines, bearing above several alternate flowers on pedicels 3 lines long, based by small
bracteoles ; sepals spathulate-lanceolate, 4 lines long, with an inner linear-pointed, denti-
culate scale; corolla greenish-yellow, its tube 7-8 lines long, having a narrow ring in
the mouth, and below it 5 subulate appendages a little exserted ; segments ovate,
obtusely inequilateral, crispate and subreflexed, 4 lines long; disk half-cleft into 5 lobes,
a little shorter than the 2 ovaries.

3. Hamaptcrron EXSERTUM, A. DC. Z. c. p. 426; Schlecht. Linn. xxvi. 661. In Venezuela, ad Caracas :
non vidi. 3 ;
A climbing species, with slender pubescent branches; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at

256 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ:

both: ends, thinly chartaceous, intense green above, pallid green beneath, scarcely pubes-
cent, 2-44 in. long, 13-13 in. broad, on petioles 2—4 lines long; raceme lateral, longer
than the leaves? on a peduncle bare at the base, bearing above 5-8 approximate alternate
flowers, on pedicels 6-9 lines long, supported by bracteoles one fourth their length;
sepals acuminate-lanceolate, revolute and ciliate on the margins, 24 lines long, with an
inner ovoid scale equally broad; corolla glabrous, its tube 7 lines long, slightly con-
stricted in the middle, its appendages semi-exserted ; segments 24 lines long, 14 line
broad; stamens inserted on a pilose ring in the middle of the tube; anthers cohering,
somewhat exserted ; disk of 5 short lobes, longer than the fusiform ovaries. .

3. HÆMADICTYON MaRGINATUM, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 250; A. DC. Lc. p. 426. In Guiana
Brit. Pirara (Schomb. 713) : non vidi.

A glabrous climbing plant, near H. venosum, with oblong leaves, acute at both ends,
coriaceous, smooth above, with recurved thickened margins, 2-3 in. long; raceme longer
than the leaves, on a peduncle bare at its base, bearing above several flowers on pedicels
minutely bracteolate ; calyx and corolla exactly as H. venosum.

4. Hamapicryon CAYENNENSE, A. DC. /. c. p. 427. In Cayenne: non vidi.

A climbing plant, with slender scabridulous branches ; leaves elliptic, obtuse at the
base, cuspidately acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous above, with distant nerves and
veins, subscabridulous beneath, 2-23 in. long, 14-13 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long;
raceme elongated, glabrous, the bare portion of the peduncle as long as the leaves, bear-
ing above many flowers on twisted pedicels 6-7 lines long, minutely bracteolate ; sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, 2 lines long, with an inner ovate denticulate seale ;
tube of corolla 6-7 lines long, glabrous, cylindrical, a little wider above, with a callous
ring in the mouth, and beneath it 5 linear included appendages ; segments oblong,
obtuse, crispate, shorter than the tube; anthers a little exserted; disk of 5 ovate obtuse
lobes, subconnate at their base.

5. Hamapicrron GAUDICHAUDIL, A. DC. (non Müll.) Le p. 426: Echites suberosa, Vell. Fl. Flum.
p. lll, Icon. iii. tab. 34. In Brasilia: v. v. e£ sicc. in herb. meo (no. 1585), circa Rio de Janeiro ;
v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prov. Sas Paulo, Santo Amaro (Bowie & Cunningham).

A climbing species, with slender terete flexuose branches marked by prominent
Jenticels, with dilated axils 9 in. apart, marked by a transverse somewhat vaginant
ridge; leaves oblong, narrowed below the middle, roundish or subobtuse at the base,
shortly acuminate and callously mucronate at the summit, margins sinuously undulate,
chartaceous, very glabrous, bright green above, sulcate on the midrib, with about 7
pairs of fine divaricate nerves arcuately conjoined, pale yellowish beneath, opake, with
prominent midrib, nerves, and finely reticulated veins, 4-6} in. long, 14-24 in. broad, on
slender channelled petioles 3-4 lines long; raceme solitary and lateral at the nodes,
7 in. long, on a slender peduncle bare for half its length, bearing upwards 16-20 alter-
nate or geminate flowers, un slender patent pedicels 4-5 lines long, supported by minute
recurved bracteoles ; sepals acutely oblong, with parallel nerves, imbricate, with. an

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 257

inner broad, roundish, denticulate scale, puberulous outside, 3 lines long, 14 line broad ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, pale yellow, glabrous, 8 lines long, with a thin annular ring
in the mouth, and beneath it 5 linear appendages half-exserted ; segments rhomboidally
inequilateral, acute at the sinister angle, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, dextrorsely convo-
lute; stamens seated on a pilose ring a little above the middle of the tube; filaments
compressed, ciliate, reaching the mouth; anthers linear-oblong, acuminate, partially
cohering and wholly exserted, 2 lines long, each with 2 subdivaricating basal prongs ;
disk of 5 free, oblong, obtuse, erect lobes, as long as the 2 acutely oblong ovaries;
follicles, according to Velloz, 2, free, slender, torulose, slightly arcuate, 5-10 in. long,
2 lines broad at the distentions, glabrous; seeds 6 lines long, 14 line broad, with an
apical coma 9 lines long.

Velloz says the plant is called Cipó carneiro (fleshy climber) on account of the thick
fleshy rugose stem, which is also lactescent; he found it at Santa Cruz, in the province
of Rio de Janeiro.

6. Hamapicryon BRACTEOSUM, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 168. Prope Rio de Janeiro (Riedel): v. v. et
sicc. in herb. meo (no. 3270), ad Morro Flamengo.

This is a slender twining species, with densely hirtellous branches, near 1 line thick, -
its axils 4-5 in. apart ; leaves oblong-ovate, roundish at the base, where they are often
subplicate, suddenly constricted at the apex into an acumen, thinly chartaceous, with
subundulate margins, of a dark-olive hue, with 5-6 pairs of divergent, arcuately conjoined
nerves and laxly reticulate veins, paler and subferruginous-opake beneath, the nerves
prominulent, 32-42 in. long, 11-21 in. broad, on petioles 5-7 lines long; racemes solitary
at the nodes, 21-32 in. long, shortly hirtellous, densely flowered on a peduncle bare at its
base for the length of near 1 in., bearing above 10-20 flowers on very slender approximate
pedicels 9 lines long, supported by a very membranaceous spathulately linear-acuminate
bract 6 lines long, 1 line broad; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, submembranaceous, reticu-
lately veined, subpuberulous, each with an inner deltoid 4-denticulate scale corolla
glabrous; tube broadly cylindrical, 9 lines long, with a crenulate annular ring in its
mouth, and below it 5 linear semi-exserted appendages ; segments rhomboidally inequi-
lateral, expanding, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad; the usual stamens, inserted in the middle
of the tube, nearly reaching the mouth; disk of 5 lobes, scarcely longer than the 2
glabrous ovaries.

7. HÆMADICTYON DENTICULATUM, nob.: Echites denticulata, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 110, Icon. iii. tab. 9
A. DC, Lc. p. 455: Hema dictyon macroneurum (in parte) , Müll. /. c. p. 169. Prov. Rio de Janeiro
(Velloz) in sylvis maritimis: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie & Cunningham).

A climbing glabrous species, well represented by Velloz, and very distinct diem E
macroneurum, Müll Its branches are flexuose, striate, pale, glabrous, with axils 4-43 "e
apart; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, suddenly constricted towards the eee
into a very narrow acute acumen, dark green above, opake, somewhat translucent, wit
dark red midrib, nerves and very reticulate veins, obsoletely puberulous, Ei.
opake beneath, 3—4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on subpubescent channelled petioles 3 lines

10ng ; raceme solitary and lateral at the nodes, 33 in. long, on a slender E. ven?
L

258 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE.

for half its length, bearing above several alternate flowers on divergent puberulous
pedicels 4 lines long, supported by acute bracteoles 13 line long; sepals acutely oblong,
puberulous, 14-3 lines long, each with a rather large, acute, broad inner scale; tube of
corolla cylindrical, 6 lines long; segments inequilateral, acute, 2 lines long; stamens
inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers slender, with acuminate summits, semi-
exserted, biaristate at the base; appendages semi-exserted beyond the annular ring.

8. Hamapicryon ovatum, nob.: Hemadictyon Gaudichaudii, Müll. in parte (non A. DC.), Flor. Bras.
xxvi. p. 168, tab. 50. fig. 5 (flos et semen). Circa Rio de Janeiro: v. v. in Monte Corcovado, et
sicc. in herb. meo (no. 1567 et 4628).

A plant very distinct from De Candolle’s species (Gaudichaudii), having oval leaves
with a short very sudden acumen and long deflexed racemes ; the branches are gla-
brous, pallidly terete, subflexuose, striolate, verrucosely lenticellate, dilated at the axils,
which are 44-64 in. apart, with a crenulate transverse ring of many stipuloid fleshy
glands; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded and often obsoletely cordate at the base,
suddenly and shortly acuminate or retuse at the apex, chartaceous, with scarcely revolute
margins, green and glabrous above, with about 6 pairs of slender semi-immersed nerves
arcuately conjoined, yellowish opake beneath, subscabrid, somewhat hispidulous on the
prominulent midrib and nerves, 31—5 in. long, 2-3 in. broad, on patent subpuberulous
petioles 3 lines long; racemes lateral and solitary at the nodes, 4-5 in. long, on a rather
slender subdeflexed peduncle, bare at its base for a length of 13-23 in., subangular,
subverrucose, subglabrous, subpuberulous, somewhat flexuose above and bearing many
alternate flowers on slender patent or reflexed pedicels 14 line apart, 4 lines long, sup-
ported by linear acute bracteoles 4 line long; sepals oblong, acute, 24 lines long, 2 lines
broad, with an inner acute 3-denticulate scale; corolla salver-shaped; tube 6 lines long,
with a faucial annular ring and 5 linear semi-exserted appendages arising from below
the mouth; segments oblong, inequilateral, expanded, 3 lines long; disk, ovaries, style,
clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character; follicles 2, immature, 44-6 in.
long, very strangulately torulose.

A drawing of this species, showing its floral and carpological structure, is given in
Plate XXXIV.

9. Hamapicryon asperum, Müll. J. c. p. 169. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro et Bahia: v. s. in herb.
Mus. Brit. Bahia (Lockhart).

A species having subangular branches, at first clothed with spreading long rigid hairs,
afterwards scabrid ; axils 5 in. apart; leaves oblong-ovate, roundish and plicately re-
curved at the base, obtusely subacute at the summit, with a fine mucronate point,
margins very revolute, rigidly coriaceous, dark olive-green above, opake, scabridulous
and sulcate along the fine arching nerves and reticulate veins, palish glaucous-green
beneath, opake, scabridulous upon the prominent midrib, nerves, and veins, 23-6 in. long
13-23 in. broad, on petioles 23-4 lines long; raceme solitary and lateral at the nodes,
14 in. long, on a fuscous reflexed peduncle bearing several alternate flowers on pedicels
rather approximate and 2 lines long, supported by acutely ovate bracteoles 1 line long;

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 259

sepals acute, 3 lines long, rigidly puberulous; tube of corolla scarcely swelling above,
12 lines long; segments 6 lines long.

10. HÆMADICTYON TOMENTELLUM, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 126. In Guayaquil (Hartweg 670) : non vidi.

A slender species, near the preceding, with glabrous or obsoletely glauco-tomentellous
branches; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, shortly acuminate, glabrous or
minutely hirtellous above, nerves scarcely visible, densely glauco-tomentose beneath,
(size not given) ; raceme solitary and lateral at the nodes, shorter than the leaves, on a
peduncle scarcely longer than the petioles, angular, minutely hirtellous, bearing several
subaggregate flowers on pedicels shorter than the calyx; sepals lanceolate-acuminate,
unequal, 5-6 lines long, with a broad short inner scale; tube of corolla cylindrical, 1 in.
long, constrieted above, with an annular ring in the mouth, the appendages extending a
little beyond it; segments large, expanded; stamens seated in the middle of the tube,
on slender filaments; anthers acuminate, scarcely exserted, with 2 long basal prongs;
follicles 2, tomentellous, 4-6 in. long; seeds oblong, triquetrous, with a copious longer
coma.

11. Hamapicryon PALLIDUM, A. DC. Le p. 428: Echites annularis?, Pavon MSS. (non Linn.) In
Peruvia: non vidi.

A glabrous species, of which little is known. Its leaves are ovate-oblong, cordate at
the base, acute, pallid, opake, 3 in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; raceme
shorter than the leaves; peduncle 14 in. long, bearing several flowers on pedicels 4 lines
long, supported by aeute braeteoles 3 lines long; sepals oblong-obovate, subvelutinous,
about 6 lines long, with an acutely ovate inner scale; tube of corolla yellow, cylindrical,
14 lines long, narrower at the throat, with segments 9 lines long ; stamens seated in the
upper portion of the tube; anthers hirtous behind, sagittate at the base, the appendages
below the throat 2 lines long, pilose ; disk of 5 obtuse lobes half as long as the ovaries.

12. Hamavicryon CALYCINUM, Lindl. (sec. Benth.): Hemadictyon Gaudichaudii, Müll. in parte (non
A. DC.) l.c. p. 168. In Brasilia, Rio Negro: v. s. in herb. meo, Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1882).

A handsome and peculiar species, very distinct from H. Gaudichaudii, which Müller
probably did not see. It isa climbing plant, its branches being slender, pale, glabrous,
angularly sulcate, verruculous, with dilated axils 9 in. apart, having a prominent cre-
nulate ridge across the nodes; the leaves are elliptic-oblong, obtuse at the base, with a
shortish, subreflexed, acute acumen, chartaceous, glabrous, green above, with about
10 pairs of fine prominulent divaricating nerves arcuately conjoined, pale yellow beneath,
with prominent reddish midrib, nerves, and reticulate veins, 5-52 in. long, 21-21 in.
broad, on corrugated petioles 3 lines long; raceme solitary and lateral at the nodes,
3-37 in. long; peduncle bare at the base for 14 in., bearing above about 10 alternate
lax flowers on subreflexed slender pedicels 6-8 lines long, minutely bracteolate, all very
glabrous ; sepals acutely oblong, subacuminate, 5 lines long, 2 lines broad, submembra-
naceous, rugulous at the base, with a broad reddish pluridenticulate inner scale; corolla

and other parts as usual. 21 2
n 2L

260 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.

13. Haunmapicrron acuriroLium, Benth. MSS.; Müll. l. c. p. 167. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo,
Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1002).

A climbing species, with extremely slender, terete, obsoletely puberulous twining
branches, with axils 5-6 in. apart ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, subobtuse or acute at the
base, gradually acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous, fuscous green above, somewhat shining,
with about 8 pairs of semi-immersed nerves, ferruginous beneath, opake, with scarcely
prominulent nerves and fine transversely reticulate veins, 22-84 in. long, 93-15 lines
broad, on slender channelled petioles 24-3 lines long; raceme solitary and lateral at the
nodes, patent, 3-4 in. long, on a slender peduncle bare for half its length, bearing above
about 10 flowers on rather distant, alternate or often geminate, very patent, slender
pedicels 6 lines long, supported by small acute bracteoles ; sepals ovate-acuminate,
reflexed at the summit, 14 line long, each with an inner rounded scale; tube of corolla
cylindrical, a little swollen above the middle, 7 lines long, with a broadish crenulate
ring in the mouth and below it 5 linear short included appendages ; segments dolabri-
form, 3 lines long; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers with acuminate
summits extending beyond the mouth, with 2 long subdivergent basal prongs; disk of
5 oblong-obtuse lobes, connate at the base, concealing 2 ovate ovaries.
` Müller's variety latifolia, from Minas and Cuyaba, is probably a distinct species, and
must not be confounded with Prestonia latifolia.

14. HÆMADICTYON CALIGINOSUM, nob.: scandens, ramulis tenuibus, teretibus : foliis ellipticis, imo acutis,
apice breviter acuminatis, integris, submembranaceis, glabris, supra nitidis, caliginoso-viridibus,
subcorrugulatis, nervis tenuibus, subimmersis, subtus pallide ferrugineis, opacis, costa nervisque
rubellis prominulis, venis reticulatis immersis; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, limbo 12plo
brevioribus: racemo laterali, reflexo, folium paullo excedente; pedunculo subflexuoso, longo;
floribus alternis ; pedicellis patentibus, imo bracteola parvula munitis ; sepalis subparvis, lanceolatis,
apice reflexis, cum squamula basali bidentata; corolla tubulosa, glabra; tubo cylindrico, imo paul-
lulo latiore, fauce linea transversa vix prominula signato ; segmentis tubo triplo brevioribus, rotunde
dolabriformibus, angulo sinistro acutatis, dextrorsum convolutis; staminibus supra medium tubi,
e lineis retrorsum pilosis ortis; antheris in conum cohserentibus, acuminatis, imo biaristatis ;
disco e lobis 5 oblongis, intus canaliculatis, imo connatis, ovariis 2 æquilongo ; stylo tenuissimo ;
clavuncula incrassata, 5-shleata, imo in membranam peltatam expansa; stigmatibus 2, minutis,
terminalibus. In Peruvia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Tarapota (Spruce 4924).

A species near H. acutifolium. The axils of the branchlets are 1-2 in. apart; leaves
31-4 in. long, 13-13 in. broad, on petioles 3}-4 lines long; racemes 4 in. long; flowers
1-2 lines apart; pedicels patent or subreflexed, 4-5 lines long; sepals scarcely a line
long; tube of corolla 7 lines long; segments 2} lines long; the 5 very short appendages
are affixed lower than usual, and are hidden by the anthers.

15. HxMADICTYON MEMBRANACEUM, Müll. Z. c. p. 167. In Brasilia, ad Taipú, prov. Parahiba ? (Schott
5389) : non vidi.

A species with subangular reddish branches, clothed with subhirtellous hairs bulbous

at the base, and with remote axils; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acute at the base,

acuminate, thinly membranaceous, very translucent, very glabrous, darkish, marked by a

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEX. 261

rather broad midrib and 6-8 pairs of semi-immersed nerves, with laxly reticulate veins,
6-8 in. long, 2-3¿ in. broad, subdecurrent on petioles 21-72 lines long; raceme solitary
at the nodes, one third the length of the leaves, on a puberulous peduncle bearing
alternate or geminate flowers on slender pedicels, supported by much shorter bracteoles ;
sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, greenish, membranaceous, 74 lines long.

The immature flower was useless for examination; but the plant is placed near H.
acutifolia by Miller.

16. Hamapictyon SCHIZADENIUM, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 431. In Mexico, ad Papantla: non vidi.

Its branches are subangular and scabrid; leaves oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic,
rounded and subcordate at the base, shortly acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, margins
revolute, yellowish green above, glabrous, beneath punctulate-scabrid, with conspicuously
reticulate nerves and veins, 43-6 in. long, lj in. broad, on petioles 23-33 lines long;
raceme at the nodes half as long as the leaves, on a flexuose peduncle bare for 1 in.,
bearing above many approximately geminate flowers on pedicels as long as or longer
than the calyx; sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous, punctulate-scabrid, 62 lines
long, 2} lines broad, with an inner acutely ovate denticulate scale; corolla 1 in. long,
its tube glabrous, 8 lines long, segments 4 lines long; stamens inserted above the
middle of the tube, on a retrorsely pilose ring; anthers dorsally hispid; the appendages
scarcely exserted beyond the callous ring in the mouth of the tube; disk of 5 erect
oblong laciniate lobes, connately cup-shaped at the base, and longer than the 2 ovaries.

17. HamMADICTYON TRIFIDUM, Donn. Nov. Gen. iii. p. 67, tab. 275. In Peruvia, prov. Maynas, ad Yuri-
maguas : non vidi.

A climbing species, having a round stem 2 in. thick, with many twisted terete or
angular, striate, fistulous, glabrous branches 2 lines thick, with axils 6-8 in. apart
leaves elliptic-ovate, acute at the base, with a short sudden acumen, coriaceous, glabrous,
green above, with 6 pairs of fine divergently arcuate nerves, yellowish-green beneath,
with a carinate midrib, prominent reddish nerves and reticulate veins, 6 in. long, 3} in.
broad, on stout channelled petioles 4 lines long, conjoined across the node bya prominent
crenulate ridge; the younger leaves are smaller, the older ones 12 in. long and 10 in.
broad; panicle solitary and lateral at the nodes, 6 in. long, on an elongated slender
peduncle 4 in. long, trifid at its apex, each branch bearing 12-20 subapproximate flowers
on alternate pedicels 3 lines long, supported by acute bracteoles 1 line long ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, puberulous at the base, 5 lines long, each with an inner
oblong scale; corolla hypocrateriform ; its tube cylindrical, 7 lines long, a little swollen
in the middle, with an annular ring in the mouth, and beneath it 5 shortish linear in-
cluded appendages; segments obliquely ovoid, 3 lines long; stamens inserted = the
middle of the tube, included; anthers acuminate, biaristate at the base; disk of 5 ovate
lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovate ovaries.

18. Hawanicryon PAPILLOsUM, Müll. in Linn. xxx. p. 432. In Nova Granada (Triana 157) : non vidi.

Its branches are slender, fuscous, papillosely scabridulous ; leaves oblong-ovate, nar-

262 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAL,

rower below the middle, obtuse or subcordate at the base, subobtuse and mucronate at
the apex, chartaceous, glabrous, fuscous green above, somewhat shining, with arcuate
nerves and reticulate veins, beneath yellowish-green, 3-42 in. long, ¿-1 in. broad, on
petioles 2-3 lines long; corymbs large, solitary at the nodes, much longer than the
leaves, on a peduncle twice or thrice cleft from near its base, hirtellous, bearing many
smallish flowers on pedicels 7-16 lines long; sepals acuminately ovate, recurved at the
apex, 2-2] lines long, each with an inner deltoid crenulate scale; tube of corolla
slabrous, cylindrical, broader at the base, constricted in the middle, again widening at
its 5-plicate mouth, which bears within 5 small ovate appendages; segments obliquely
obovate, ciliate on the margins, a little shorter than the tube; stamens seated on a
pilose ring in the constriction of the tube; anthers glabrous, 12-24 lines long, their
summits exserted.

19. HÆMADICTYON MACRONEURUM, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 169 (excl. syn. Vell). In Amazonas, ad Rio
Japuré (Martius 3029) : non vidi.

A species very distinct from Echites megalagrion of Velloz, to which Müller refers it.
It has glabrous branches; leaves elliptic or oblong-ovate, acute at the base, with a short
acumen, rigidly subcoriaceous, fuscously palish above, very glabrous, sulcate on the
strong midrib and nerves, fuscous-yellowish beneath, with stout prominent midrib,
nerves, and reticulate veins, 54 in. long, 31-4 in. broad, on petioles 34-54 lines long;
panicle upon a peduncle 1] in. long, bifid above, and densely flowered on alternate or
geminate very approximate pedicels as long as the sepals, with 3 basal bracts of equal
length ; sepals oblong-ovate, acutely acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous, 52 lines long,
each with an inner ovate truncate denticulate scale; corolla 14 in. long; its tube
1 in. long, broadly cylindrical, reddish, its mouth furnished with an elevated spotted
ring; segments scarlet, puberulous outside; stamens seated below the mouth on a
retrorsely pilose ring; anthers glabrous, shortly exserted, the appendages extending
beyond them; disk urceolate, with 5 short lobes as long as the 2 ovaries.

20. Hamabicrron Amazonicum, Benth. MSS.; Müll. l.c. p. 166. In Amazonas, Rio Trombetas
(Spruce 239) : non vidi.

A climbing species, with slender, pubescent, verruculous, fuscous-red branches, having
remote axils; leaves elliptic-ovate, subobtuse at the base, shortly and acutely acuminate,
rigidly membranaceous, fuscous, concolorous, shortly puberulous or glabrescent, with
5-6 pairs of nerves and reticulate veins, 42 in. long, 2% in. broad, on petioles 3} lines
long; raceme at each node nearly as long as the leaves, on'a rather long peduncle,
bearing above few flowers on puberulous pedicels, supported by small ovate-lanceolate
bracteoles; sepals ovate-acuminate, 32 lines long, with 4-6 inner subbifid scales ; tube
of corolla shortly hirtellous, 61 lines long, with a plicate callous ring in the mouth,
and the usual semi-exserted appendages; segments obliquely inequilateral, 4 lines long ;
anthers slightly exserted ; disk half-cleft into 5 lobes around the 2 hairy ovaries.

ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE. 203

Species exclusee :—

H. suberectum, G. Don, Dict. iv. p. S8. . . .= Chariomma surrecta.

H. grandiflorum, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 426. . — Odontadenia grandiflora.

H. circinalis, G. Don, Dict. iv. p. 88 . . . . Anechites circinalis.

H. molle, A. DO. l. c. p. 427. oo . . . . Prestonia mollis.

H. parviflorum, Benth. Pl. Hartw. . . . . Temnadenia parviflora.

H. megalagrion, Müll. Fl. Bras. xxvi. p. 170 . Prestonia megalagrion.

H. Reidelii, Müll. l. c. p.170 . . . . . . Temnadenia Reidelii.

H. annulare, A. DC. l. c. p. 428 . . . . . . Temnadenia annularis.

H. glandulosum, A. DC. l. c. p. 427 . . . . Echites glandulosa.

H. glabratum, A. DC. l. c. p.427 . . . . . Prestonia glabrata, H. B. K.

H. Mexicana, A. DO. l. c. p. 428. . . . . . Mitozus Mexicanus.

H. suberectum, G. Don, Dict. iv. p. 88. . . . Urechites suberecta.
CYCLADENIA.

This interesting genus was established about 1850 by Mr. Bentham in his * Plantee
Hartwegianee * (no. 1834), upon a solitary species from California. Its stems, probably
herbaceous, only a few inches high, rise out of a perennial thickish rhizome, as in
Homaladenia ; the ovate very obtuse leaves, less than 1 in. long, are smooth and fleshy ;
the inflorescence axillary and laxly racemose, the peduncle bears about 6 flowers on brac-
teolate pedicels 6 lines long ; sepals unequal, narrow, 3 lines long, without internal scales ;
corolla hypocrateriform, resembling that of Vinca rosea, of a purplish colour, eampa-
nulate in the upper part of the tube, which is furnished within, at the middle, with a
pilose ring, and 5 distinct scales placed above the insertion of the stamens, as in Hœma-
dictyon, the mouth being quite bare; the segments broad, gibbously ovate, are half the
length of the tube, with a sinistrorse convolution ; the included stamens have very short
filaments; the anthers cohering in a cone by their agglutination to the clavuncle, are
very acuminate above and biaristate at the base; the disk annular, entire, shorter than
the 2 free ovaries, which have amphitropous ovules; style simple ; clavuncle incrassate,
with a broad peltate basal membrane; stigmata small and terminal ; fruit unknown.

C. humilis is a very pretty glabrous plant which I have not seen, has the habit of
Villarsia pumila, and has no affinity with Vinca, as its stamens show. The form of the
corolla, the presence of suprastaminal appendages, and the structure of the stamens,
indicate its affinity towards Hemadictyon.

The Cycladenia Harrisonii, Lem., is Odontadenia Harrisii (supra, p. 128).

HETEROTHRIX.

A genus established by Müller in 1860, upon a single Brazilian species, I aia
and described by him. It was repudiated by Bentham and Hooker in the >
Plantarum, ii, P: 724, who referred it to Echites, a genus, in their — consisting
of a very heterogeneous group of plants; but it cannot be reconciled with that genus

264 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA,

when the latter is restricted within its legitimate limits. One of the features, almost
peculiar to it, is the double coma of its seeds, which suggested its generic name. The
characters of Heterothriz may be thus summarized :—

HETEROTHRIX, Müller: Echites, in parte, auct. Sepala subparva, lanceolato-ovata, subæqualia, intus
squamulis paucis minutis, acutis subalternis munita. Corolla mediocris, hypocrateriformis; fubus
cylindricus, medio subconstrictus, et ibi staminigerus, fauce glaber et haud plicatus ; segmenta dola-
briformia, dextrorsum convoluta.' Staminas, in constrictione tubi inserta, inclusa ; filamenta brevia,
lata, rigida, extus glabra, intus pilosula; anthere anguste oblong, apice membrana obtusa termi-
natz, imo brevissime et obtuse bilobæ. Discus suburceolatus, fere ad basin in lobos 5 obtusos imo
connatos fissus. Ovaria 2, distincta, obtuse ovoidea, disco fere zquilonga ; stylus gracilis; clavun-
cula incrassata, conice pentagona, imo indusiata ; stigmata 2, parva, obtusa, terminalia. Folliculi 2,
teretes, subulatim tenues, vix torulosi, erecti; semina plurima, oblonga, apice truncata, subcom-
pressa, costatim striata; coma apicalis, duplo longior, e pilis numerosis rigidiusculis, in seriebus 2
dispositis, quorum exteriores quintuplo breviores.

Frutex Brasiliensis, subhumilis, r ; rami validi, breves; folia opposita, rotundo-ovata, imo
subcordata, apice emarginata, rigidiuscula, brevissime petiolata; cyma lateralis, pedunculata, apice
capitato-densiflora; flores breviter pedicellati.

1. HETEROTHRIX PYCNANTHA, Müll. Fl. Br. xxvi. p. 133, tab. 40: Echites pycnantha, Steudel, Nomenc.
p. 540; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 469; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. p. 724: Echites densiflora, Pohl,
Steudelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, p. 56 (non Bl). In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geráes, ad Serra do Pinheiro:
non vidi.

A low bushy tree, 3-4 feet high, with very stout rigid branches, and branchlets
33 lines thick, costate-striate, pubescent, with axils 1i in. apart; leaves orbicular or
ovate, shortly cordate at the base, emarginate and mucronulate at the summit, rigidly
chartaceous, fuseous and densely pubescent above, with about 12 pairs of subdivergent
nerves, with others intermediate, all anastomosing and conjoined near the margin,
sericeo-tomentous beneath, 31 in. long, 24 in. broad, on petioles (the depth of the sinus)
1 line long; the upper leaves smaller; the peduncle erect, lateral at the nodes, bare at
its base for 13 in., supports a globular head of flowers 2 in. in diameter, on closely
approximate pedicels 13 line long; sepals somewhat acuminate, 2 lines long, } line broad;
corolla salver-shaped, in all 1 in. long; tube cylindrical, 8 lines long, shortly constricted
in the middle; segments broadly dolabriform, with dextrorse ias 4, lines long,
3 lines broad; the filaments, seated in the constriction of the tube, are 2 line long; the
anthers 24 lines long, cohering in a cone; the slender style 4 lines Leien follicles 2,
terete, 33 in. long, 14 line thick; the seeds 2 lines long, $ line broad; coma croceo-
rufescent, erect, consisting of dense hairs, the inner series 5 lines long, the outer series
1 line long.

2. HETEROTHRIX Van HEURCKEII, Müll. in Pl. nov. Van Heurck. p. 164: Mandevilla sp., Benth. & Hook. `
Gen. Plant. ii. p. 727: non vidi.

I have not seen the detailed description of this species; but it would seem to differ
from the foregoing in little else than that the more slender nerves and transversely
parallel veins are more numerous and closer.

The authors of the * Genera Plantarum’ (J. c. supra) refer these plants to Mandevilla ; but
this opinion cannot be accepted, because the plants differ widely in nearly every respect.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES,

Prare I.

A. Fruit of Hancornia speciosa. Fig. 1, a ripe fruit. Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of the same, showing
the seeds imbedded in a whitish soft flesh exuding a milky juice, without any apparent dissepi-
ment or placenta. Fig. 3, a seed, shown on the ventral and dorsal sides, and on the edge ; the testa,
which is corrugated, adheres to the flesh by a small peltate hilum. Fig. 4, the nucleus is white,
oval, compressed, with a small hollow below the apex, shown in front and on the edge: all
natural size. Fig. 5, the same: magnified. Fig. 6, the embryo, seen on its face and on its edge :
equally magnified.

B. Ambellania cucumerina. Fig. 1, a portion of a branch, showing its leaf and axillary raceme. Fig. 2, a
flower in eestivation. Fig. 3, the corolla of the same. Fig. 4, the same cut open: all natural size.
Fig. 5, the same, magnified, showing the five hairy lines in the mouth, alternate with the segments,
and the position of the stamens. Fig. 6, a stamen, seen before and behind, magnified. Fig. 7, ovary,
style, clavuncle, and stigmata: natural size. Fig. 8, the same, three times magnified. Fig. 9, the
ovoid pentagonal fruit. Fig. 10, a transverse section of the same, showing many seeds attached to
the thick fleshy dissepiment. Fig. 11, a seed peltately attached, seen before and behind : natural
size. Fig. 12, the same, seen on its ventral face and on its edge, showing the position of the hilum
and its raphe. Fig. 13, a longitudinal section of the same, showing the position of the embryo.
Fig. 14, the embryo: all equally magnified.

C. Ceratites amena. Fig. 1, a portion of a branch, showing a leaf and the axillary raceme, naturat size.
Fig. 2, the raceme, magnified. Fig. 3, a flower of the same. Fig. 4, the same, showing the horn-like
appendages of the corolla: more magnified. Fig. 5, the calyx, ovary, style, clavuncle, and stigmata.
Fig. 6, the corolla cut open, showing the position of the stamens: both equally magnified. Fig. 7, a
Stamen, seen before and behind. Fig. 8, the disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata ; both more

magnified.

D. Pomphidea Swartziana. Fig. l, portion of the plant, with a leaf and raceme. Fig. 2, a flower: both
natural size. Fig. 3, the five unequal sepals. Fig. 4, the inner pluridentate scale at the base of
cach sepal. Fig. 5, the pustulate corolla cut open, showing its dextrorse sestivation and the

position of the stamens : all magnified. Fig. 6, the pustulate stamens, shown in different
Positions, more magnified. ` Fig. 7, the disk. Fig. 8, the ovary and style. Fig. 9, — M" of
the 2-celled ovary, the summit of the style seen from above, showing the enclosed stigmata. Fig. 10,

the two stigmata in the hollow of the style: all magnified. A
M

266 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Prarz II.

Cupirana Aubletiana. Fig. 1, a portion of a branch, showing a leaf and its congested solitary flowers.
Fig. 2, a flower with its basal bract. Fig. 3, the pedicel and tubular calyx. Fig. 4, the inner calyx.
Fig. 5, the corolla. Fig. 6, the same cut open, showing the sinistrorse convolution of the segments
and the position of the stamens. Fig. 7, a segment of the corolla, seen on the inner and outer sides.
Fig. 8, a stamen : all natural size. Fig. 9, a stamen seen before and behind, magnified. Fig. 10, a
pollen grain, highly magnified. Fig. 11, the disk, ovary, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, natural size.
Fig. 12, the disk and enclosed ovary, magnified. Fig. 13, a transverse section of the 2-celled ovary.
Fig. 14, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata: magnified. Fig. 15, the fruit, copied from Aublet (not
reversed), supported by the lacerated calyx and pedicel, natural size.

Pare III.

A. Aspidosperma Gomesianum. Fig. 1, a portion of a branch, with its expanded terminal panicle. Fig. 2,
a flower. Fig. 3, the corolla: all natural size. Fig. 5, the corolla, with sinistrorse convolution.
Fig. 6, the same cut open, showing the position of the stamens, Fig. 7, a stamen, Fig. 8, calyx with
the sepals thrown back, to show the ovaries and style : all magnified. Fig. 10, a follicle. Fig. 11, the
same, seen on its edge in the act of dehiscence. Fig. 12, a longitudinal section of the same, showing
each seed suspended from the summit by a slender funicle attached peltately to the central hilum of
the scutcheon of the winged seeds. Fig. 13, the eight parallel seeds, with the funicles of four averse
from the half of the pericarp on one side, and the other four also averse from the opposite half.
Fig. 14, a seed membranaceously winged round the scutcheon, with the central hilum attached to the
funicle. Fig. 15, the nucleus extracted from the scutcheon. Fig. 16, a longitudinal section of the
nucleus, showing the heterotropous embryo enclosed in the albumen.

B. Thyroma sessiliflora. Fig. 1, portion of the plant, with its axillary panicle in flower. Fig. 2, the
same in fruit: natural size. Fig. 3, a flower and portion of the peduncle, magnified. Fig. 4, a flower,
more magnified. Fig. 5, the calyx and style. Fig. 6, the corolla cut open, showing the sinistrorse
convolution and the five scales opposite the segment and the position of the stamens. Fig. 7, astamen,
shown before and behind: still more magnified. Fig. 8, the tubular disk enclosing two ovaries.
Fig. 9, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata: much magnified. Fig. 10, the very compressed flat follicle.
Fig. 11, the same, seen on its edge, showing the marginal suture. Fig. 12, the same in the act of
dehiscence, showing the four seeds in two series, both upper and lower, appended to the marginal
replum by as many horizontal flat funicles attached to the central hilum of each scutcheon upon
the face furthest from the pericarp. Fig. 13, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 15, the
dexter seed of the lower row, with an inferior seutcheon, showing the horizontal funicle upon
its inner face. Figs. 16 and 17, the sinister and dexter seeds of the upper row, with superior
scutcheons, showing that in both cases their funicles, facing one another, are turned to the middle

of the cell of the pericarp. Fig. 18, the embryo, as placed in the two last figures, seen on its face
and on its edge: all natural size.

Pare IV.

A. Thevetia calophylla. Fig. 1, portion of a branch. Fig. 2, the corolla cut open, showing the position
of the stamens: twice magnified. Fig. 3, a stamen, more magnified. Fig. 4, a profile view of the
stamen and its attachment to the corolla, with the faucial appendage. Fig. 5, the calyx, with the
sepals thrown back to show the inner basal scales, the disk, ovaries, and style: much magnified.
Fig. 6, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata, more magnified. Fig.7, a transverse section of the 2-celled

DESCRIPTION OF, THE PLATES. 267

ovary, much magnified. Fig. 8, a fruit in a very young undeveloped state within the calyx and
on the peduncle. Fig. 9, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 10, a ripe fruit of Thevetia Ahouai
supported by the calyx and pedicel. Fig. 11, the osseous endocarp of the same, with the short
apical longitudinal slit. Fig. 12, a side view of the same, showing the apical transverse open slit
continued along the marginal edges. Fig. 13, half the same, made by a knife passed through the long
slit and separating the two lamellar plates of the placenta, one of which is seen showing the bundle
of nourishing vessels rising from the base and divided into two branches, the vessels penetrating and
passing through the placenta to be lost in the seed of each cell. Fig. 14, the nut is divided by a
short transverse dissepiment, from the middle of which, to the right and left, branch off two placentas
nearly dividing it into two, a seed being peltately attached to each branch, thus making four pseudo-
cells, each one-seeded. Fig. 15, one of the fleshy seeds, showing the peltate hilum of attachment.
Fig. 16, the same, seen on its edge, showing the hilum. Fig. 17 shows the radiating bundles of
spiral vessels about the hilum. Fig. 18, the exalbuminous embryo, with thick fleshy cotyledons
and the oblique short superior radicle. Fig. 19, the same, shown on its edge: all natural size.

B. Condylocarpum gracile, a portion of a pendent branch, with its opposite axillary branching panicles.
Fig. 1, a flower. Fig. 2, the same expanded: both natural size. Fig. 3, a flower in bud, mag-
nified. Fig. 4, the corolla cut open, to show the peculiar form of the segments, their sinistrorse
convolution, and the position of the stamens near the base of the tube. Fig. 5, a segment of the
corolla: more magnified. Fig. 6, a stamen, much magnified. Fig. 7, the calyx with the sepals
thrown back, showing its membranaceous margins dotted with many red spots, the two ovaries, very
short style, capitate hairy clavuncle, and stigmata. Fig. 8, one of the segments of the lomentaceous
follicles, which contains two superposed seeds. Fig. 9, another, which contains only a single seed.
Fig. 10, transverse section of one of these segments, showing the broad margins filled with pith, its
single cell divided nearly into two by a longitudinal septiform placenta, with a nucleus attached to
its margin by a central hilum and coiled round it: all natural size. Fig. 11, a seed with its
margins coiled inwards to embrace the placenta, showing the hilar point of its attachment. Fig. 12,
the same with its margins flattened out. Fig. 13, the heterotropous embryo imbedded in thin
albumen, showing the thin foliaceous oblong cotyledons, and the superior thin terete radicle, of
one third their length: all somewhat magnified. _

Pirate V.

A. Manothrix valida, a portion of the plant in fruit. Fig. 1, the 2-celled capsule dehiscing along
the dissepiment, each half splitting along the line of the axis at the suture, whose margins are
inflexed and combined into a narrow cylindrical placenta bearing many hairy seeds. Fig. 2,a me
verse section of the capsule, showing the divisible dissepiment, the inflexed margins of us ens
niferous placentas. Fig. 3, a seed: all natural size. Fig. 4, a seed, seen on its dorsal side, where
it is pilose above the middle with long soft hairs. Fig. 5, the same, showing its ventral face,
marked by a central hilum, by which it is peltately affixed to the placenta. Fig. 6, the copious
albumen extracted. Fig. 7, the heterotropous embryo: all much magnified. Fig. 8, portion of one
of the remarkable hairs, seen under a microscope of great power, and marked by a dark capillary axis
with many alternate horizontal lines, the intervening spaces ornamented by close spiral lines.

B. Manothriz nodosa, portion of a plant, showing its opposite leaves and nodose joints at the remote
axils and its short axillary raceme. Fig. 1, a flower, natural size. Fig. 2, the — vin open,
to show the dextrorse convolution and the position of the stamens, a little magnified. Fig. 3, the
same, showing the tube of the corolla pubescent inside, more magnified. Fig. 4, stamens, shown in
different positions, still more magnified. Fig. 5, the calyx, pedicel, and long slender style, the
clavnncle and short terminal stigmata, much magnified.

2x2

268

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Pate VI.

A. Peschiera fuchsiefolia. Fig. 1, portion of the plant in flower and in fruit. Fig. 2, the corolla in bud.

Fig. 3, the same expanded. Fig. 4, the corolla cut open, to show its sinistrorse convolution and the
position of the stamens: all natural size. Fig. 5, the same, magnified. Fig. 6, a stamen, much
magnified. Fig. 7, the calyx. Fig. 8, the same, with the sepals thrown back to show the inner
basal scales, the ovaries without any disk, the style, clavuncle and terminal stigmata. Fig. 9, the
two echinated follicles, one of them in the act of dehiscence, showing two rows of seeds suspended
from each margin of the suture by long fleshy funicles. Fig. 10, seeds, shown in different positions,
attached at the other end of the funicle to a central hilum on the ventral side, the dorsal side
glabrous and pluricostate. Fig. 11, a seed deprived of the funicle, shown on its ventral concave side
with the central hilum. Fig. 12, the same, seen at the apex. Fig.13, a transverse section of the seed.
Fig. 14, the heterotropous embryo imbedded in albumen. Fig. 15, the embryo extracted, showing its
foliaceous cotyledons and superior terete radicle. Fig. 16, the same, shown on its edge : natural size.

B. Bonafousia undulata. Fig. 1, portion of the plant. Fig. 2, the corolla in bud. Fig. 3, the corolla with

the segments expanded. Fig. 4, the same cut open, to show the introflexion of the segments in
sstivation, when their tips descend into the mouth of the tube and embrace the summits of
the stamens (one is shown expanded). Fig. 5, the calyx, the sepals being thrown back to show the
dentate inner scales, the disk, the ovaries, style, clavuncle, and terminal stigmata: all magnified.
Fig. 6, the two divaricated follicles on the thickened pedicel, showing the prominent arching lines
on each side. Fig. 7, one of the follicles dehiscing, showing the seeds half-imbedded in their fleshy
funicles, but not in pulp, as generally described. Fig. 8, a seed deprived of its funicle, seen on its
dorsal face. Fig. 9, the same, shown on its ventral face, with its central peltate hilum : all natural size.

Dapp VII.

A. Tabernemontana citrifolia, part of a plant. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the corolla in bud.

Fig. 3, the calyx. Fig. 4, the corolla after expansion. Fig. 5, the same cut open, to show the intro-
flexion of the segments into the mouth of the tube in estivation, and the position of the stamens
always partially exserted : all natural size. Fig. 6, one of the slender stamens, always of a pale blue
or greenish colour, magnified. Fig. 7, the sepals, thrown back to show their inner scales, the disk,
ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, all magnified. Fig. 8, the two divaricated follicles, one of
them dehiscing, showing the position of the seeds half-immersed in fleshy funicles (after Plumier).
Fig. 9, a seed, seen on its dorsal face, suspended by its fleshy funicle. Fig. 10, the same, viewed
sideways. Fig. 11, the same, on the ventral face. Fig. 12, the seed detached, seen on its ventral
face, showing the central hilum, from which it is suspended. Fig. 13, the same, shown on its
dorsal face: all natural size.

B. Tabernemontana lanceolata, a plant in flower and in fruit. Fig. 15, a flower in bud. Fig. 16, the

corolla expanded. Fig. 17, the same, cut open to show the position of the half -exserted stamens : all
natural size. Fig. 18, a stamen, magnified. Fig. 19, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show
the inner scales, the disk, ovaries, clavuncle, and stigmata. Fig. 20, a seed suspended by its fleshy
funicle. Fig. 21, the same deprived of the funicle, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 22, the same,
shown on its ventral face, with the central hilum: all natural size.

Prats VIII.

A. Taberna cymosa, portion of a plant. Fig. 1, a flower. Fig. 2, a follicle (after J, acquin) : both natural

size.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 269

B. Codonemma calycina, a portion of the plant. Fig. 1, a portion of the inflorescence. Fig. 2, a
flower in bud. Fig. 3, the corolla in bud. Fig. 4, the same, cut open to show the simply convolute
segments in «stivation, and the position of the stamens. Fig. 5,a stamen: magnified. Fig. 6,
the same, with the disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, natural size. Fig. 7, the tubular
calyx cut open, showing the four series of internal scales. As I have not seen the follicle, no
figure of it can be given.

Pare IX.

A. Phrissocarpus rigidus, portion of a plant. Fig. 1,a flower in bud, natural size. Fig. 2, the
corolla cut open, showing the simple sinistrorse convolution of the segments and the position of the
stamens, magnified. Fig. 3, a stamen, more magnified. Fig. 4, the calyx, with the sepals thrown

back to show the inner scales, the disk, and ovaries. Fig. 5, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata :
magnified. Fig. 6, one of the echinated follicles. Fig. 7, the same dehiscing, showing the seeds.
Fig. 8, one of the seeds suspended by its fleshy funicle. Fig. 9, the same with the funicle removed,
showing on its ventral face the central hilum, where it is attached to the funicle. Fig. 10, the
same, seen on its dorsal face: all natural size.

B. Anacampta congesta, a portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, a flower in bud, natural size. Fig. 2,
the corolla in bud. Fig. 3, the same cut open, showing the segments introflexed as in Bonafousia,
and the position of the stamens: magnified. Fig. 4, a stamen, more magnified. Fig. 5, the calyx,
with the sepals thrown back to show the lacinulated scales, the disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and
stigmata, all magnified. Fig 6, the two divaricate immature follicles. Fig. 7, immature seeds half-
imbedded in fleshy funicles : both natural size.

Pate X.

A. Rhigospira quadrangularis, portion of a plant. Fig. 1, the inflorescence. Fig. 2, a flower: both
natural size. Fig. 3, the corolla in bud, showing the pyramidal form of the erect segments in
wstivation. Fig. 4, the same cut open when expanded, showing their simple sinistrorse convolution
and the nearly basal position of the stamens: both magnified. Fig. 5, the calyx, disk, very short
style, clavuncle, and stigmata, natural size. Fig. 6, the same, magnified. Fig. 7, a stamen, much
magnified.

B. Stemmadenia insignis, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the calyx, with its bract, pedicel,
and its five unequal sepals, the two exterior shorter. Fig. 2, the same, with the sepals thrown back
to show the coronal ring of very numerous inner scales, divided disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and
stigmata: both natural size. Fig. 3, the same parts, magnified. Fig. 4, the corolla cut open, showing
the position of the stamens, natural size. Fig. 5, a stamen, magnified.

Puare XI.

A. Merizadenia amplifolia, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the calyx
and style. Fig. 3, the corolla, with its segments retroflexed when expanded: all natural size.
Fig. 4, the corolla in bud, the tube spirally twisted. Fig. 5, the corolla cut open, showing the in-
flexion of two of its segments in æstivation, the others expanded, and the mm of the starmens.

Fig. 6, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the inner scales, divided disk, ovaries, and

style: all magnified. Fig. 7, a stamen, more magnified. Fig. 8, the two follicles,

cut away to show the placentary expansions of the sutural margins. Fig. 9, a seed s ?
its fleshy funicle, as seen on that side. Fig. 10, the same, shown on the dorsal face. Fig. 11, the
same with the funicle removed, showing it pluricostate on the dorsal face. Fig. 12, the same, shown

on the ventral face with the central hilum, where it is attached to the funicle: all natural size.

one of them half
uspended by

270 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

B. Anartia recurva, a portion of a plant, showing its heterophyllous opposite leaves and its axillary
inflorescence. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the corolla, with the segments expanded: both
natural size. Fig. 3, the corolla in bud. Fig. 4, the corolla cut open, to show the manner of the
inflexion of the segments when in bud, their expansion afterwards, and their dextrorse convolution and
the position of the stamens. Fig. 5, the pedicel and calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the
inner scales, the disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata: all magnified. Fig. 6, a stamen, more

magnified.

Puate XII.

A. Geissospermum Solandri, a portion of a plant in flower, showing its alternate leaves and terminal
inflorescence. Fig. 1, one of its minute flowers, natural size. Fig. 2, the same, five times mag-
nified. Fig. 3, the corolla, cut open to show the dextrorse simple convolution of its segments and
the position of the stamens. Fig. 4, the urceolate disk with ciliolate margin, concealing two globose
pilose ovaries: both equally magnified. Fig. 5, an anther, more magnified. Fig. 6, the two follicles
of Geissospermum Vellosii, one of them dehiscing, showing five seeds in each row suspended from
the sutural margins by fleshy funicles. Fig. 7, a transverse section of a follicle, to show the mode
of placentation and attachment of the seeds. Fig. 8, a suspended seed, seen on its funicular side.
Fig. 9, the same, viewed from the opposite face. Fig. 10, a seed detached from the funicle on its
ventral side, showing the central hilum by which it is attached to the funicle. Fig. 11, the hete-
rotropous embryo enclosed in copious albumen. Fig. 12, the embryo extracted: all natural size.

B. Robbia cestroides. Fig. 1, part of the plant, with its axillary inflorescence. Fig. 2, a flower: natural
size. Fig. 8, the corolla in bud, four times magnified. Fig. 4, the same expanded. Fig. 5, the same
cut open, showing the dextrorse simple convolution of the segments, and the position of the stamens.
Fig. 6, the stamens cohering in a cone. Fig. 7, the pedicel, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back
to show the inner scales, the disk, ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata: all equally magnified.
Fig. 8, a stamen seen before and behind. Fig. 9, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata: both more
magnified. Portion of a plant of Robbia gossipina, showing the glands on the axils of the
nerves and the two follicles, one of them beginning to open. Fig. 10, a seed, shown on its dorsal
face, covered with long while cottony hairs. Fig. 11, the same, seen on its ventral face, where it is
sparsely pubescent, channelled on its ventral face, with an oblong central hilum. Fig. 12, the
albumen extracted. Fig. 13, longitudinal section of the same, with the enclosed heterotropous
embryo. Fig. 14, the embryo extracted, with a superior radicle: ail natural size.

Prate XIII.

A. Malouetia glandulifera, portion of a plant, showing the porous glands in the axils of the nerves,
its inflorescence, and its follicles. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the corolla cut open, show-
ing the five acute scales in its mouth, the tube with five conspicuous nerves. Fig. 3, one of the
anthers more than half exserted. Fig. 4, the five anthers cohering in a cone: all natural size.
Fig. 5, a stamen, magnified. Fig. 6, calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the alternate basal
scales, the 5-lobed disk, the ovaries, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata, magnified. Fig. 7, a seed,
shown on its ventral and dorsal faces, natural size. Fig. 8, the same, magnified. Fig. 9, the
embryoniferous albumen, extracted. Fig. 10, the embryo removed : both equally magnified.

B. Thyrsanthus bracteatus, a portion of the plant. Fig. 1, the panicle. Fig. 2, a flower: both natural
size. Fig. 3, a flower. Fig. 4, the corolla cut open, showing the position of the stamens : both mag-

Säin

IN. EMT "TTT" "STEET "TT "E?

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 271

nified. Fig. 5, a stamen, more magnified. Fig. 6, the sepals, thrown back to show the inner scales,
the lobes of the disk and the ovaries: much magnified. Fig. 7, the two divergent follicles, a por-
tion of one being removed, showing the placenta and seeds. Fig. 8, a seed in its convoluted form.
Fig. 9, the same, flattened, showing on its ventral face the hilar point of attachment; the same is
also shown on its back and edge. Fig. 10, a transverse section of a seed, to show its convolution
round the placenta: all somewhat magnified.

Pram XIV.

A. Elytropus pubescens, a portion of a plant. Fig. 1, a flower just opening, natural size. Fig. 2, the
corolla, cut open to show its dextrorse convolution and the position of the stamens, magnified.
Fig. 3, a stamen shown before and behind, more magnified. Fig. 4, the sepals, thrown back to show
the two scales at the base of each, the 5-lobed disk, the ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, much
magnified. Fig.5, the two pilose follicles. Fig. 6, a transverse section of the same, to show the manner
of placentation: more magnified. Fig. 7, one of many seeds attached to the placenta by a central
hilum, natural size. Fig. 8, a seed, shown in three positions, magnified.

B. Eriadenia obovata, a portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the
corolla cut open, to show the peculiar form of the segments, which are introflexed in wstivation, the
scales in the mouth of the tube, and the position of the stamens: natural size. Fig. 3, a stamen, in
different positions, magnified. Fig. 4, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back, showing each with
three acute basal scales, the disk, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, somewhat magnified. Fig. 5, the same
parts, shown separately. Fig. 6, one of the lobes of the disk, shown outside: magnified. Fig. 7, the
ovaries, style, and clavuncle. Fig. 8, the two subtorose follicles. Fig. 9, a seed: natural size. Fig. 10,
the same, magnified, showing it to be linear oblong, compressed, rostrate, covered all over with
long rigid hairs spreading in all directions.

Damp XV.

A. Rhabdadenia paludosa, a portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the corolla cut open, showing the
dextrorse convolution of its short segments, and the position of its stamens. Fig. 2, the caly x.
Fig. 3, the same, with the sepals thrown back to show the minute basal scales, the disk, ovaries,
style, and clavuncle : all natural size. Fig.4,the same parts, somewhat magnified. Fig. 5, the rest
of the style, clavuncle, and hairy stigmata, also magnified. Fig. 6, a stamen, much magnified.
Fig. 7, the two erect follicles. Fig. 8, one of the seeds, narrowly rostrate at the apex, where 3s v
feathered with numerous long silky hairs, which must not be mistaken for a coma; the longitudinal

` raphe, proceeding from a central hilum, terminates below the rostrum in a short funicle. Fig. 9, the
same with the hairs removed, to show the form of the rostrum. Fig. 10, the nucleus, consisting of a
heterotropous embryo imbedded in albumen. Fig. 11, the embryo extracted, ree cs aca
radicle much longer than the two short oblong cotyledons : all natural size.

B. Chariomma surrecta, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the corolla in bud. Fig. 2, the same cut
open, to show the sinistrorse convolution of its large very acute segments and. them p E "
stamens furnished with long spirally-twisted apical appendages. Fig. 3, the calyx " ep v ^
Fig. 4, the same with the sepals thrown back, to show the absence of inner scales, the 5- o "m >
the style, and clavuncle : all natural size. Fig. 5, the same parts, Sege: ën dur d à
style, clavuncle, and stigmata, more magnified. Fig. 7, a stamen with its very long torsile apica

appendage, three times magnified.

272 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Pate XVI.

Odontadenia grandiflora, a portion of a plant in flower, from Hayes's specimen. Fig. 1, the lower ven-
tricose part of the corolla, opened to show the insertion of the stamens included in it. Fig. 2, stamens
with the anthers cohering in a cone: both natural size. Fig. 3, a stamen, seen in front, the fila-
ment inserted in a tuft of hairs, much magnified. Fig. 4, the same, on the dorsal side, where it is
pilose. Fig. 5, the unequal sepals thrown back to show the broad inner scales, the 5-cleft disk, and
the ovaries. Fig. 6, the two ovaries surrounded by the disk, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata.
Fig. 7, the follicle, from Smith’s specimen. Fig. 8, a transverse section of the same, to show the mode
of placentation. Fig. 9, portion of the submembranaceous placenta, seen on the side facing the
pericarp, studded with the cicatrices on which the seeds are imbricately seated. Fig. 10, one of the
terete erect seeds. Fig. 11, a longitudinal section of the same seed, showing the anatropous seed
enclosed in it. Fig. 12, the embryo embedded in albumen. Fig. 13, the embryo extracted, with the
short basal radicle : all natural size.

Prats XVII.

Macrosiphonia prostrata, a plant in flower and in fruit. Fig. 1, the corolla cut open, showing the
position of the cohering stamens. Fig. 2, a stamen detached: both natural size. Fig. 3, the
same, seen in front and sideways, magnified. Fig. 4, the calyx, with the lanceolate sepals thrown
back to show the row of many minute inner scales, the disk of five erect lobes surrounding
the much longer ovaries, the very elongated slender style, the clavuncle extricated from the cohering
anthers, and the stigmata. Fig. 5, the two subtorose, suberect follicles. Fig. 6, a seed, seen before r
and behind. Fig. 7, the nucleus. Fig. 8, the anatropous embryo extracted from the corneous
albumen of the nucleus: all natural size.

Prate XVIII.

Stipecoma pulchra, a portion of the plant, showing its opposite deeply peltate leaves, and its opposite
axillary panicles on a stout recurved peduncle, charged at its base with large leaf-like bracts, and
branching above, with somewhat distant branchlets, each with several large foliaceous imbricated
petiolate bracts, the upper ones having in their axils a single flower on a pedicel, bibracteolate, all
densely tomentose. Fig. l, a flower on its bibracteolate pedicel, the corolla in bud. Fig. 2, the
corolla expanded. Fig. 3, the same cut open, to show the dextrorse contortion of the segments and
the position of the stamens. Fig. 4, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the few minute
basal scales, the 5-cleft disk, the ovaries, style, and clavuncle: all natural size. Fig. 5, a stamen.
Fig. 6, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata: both magnified. Fig.7, the disk and ovaries, more magnified.

Prare XIX.

Stipecoma ovata, portion of a plant in fruit. . Fig. 1, the two erect follicles conjoined at the apex, one
of them gaping open, dehiscing along the ventral suture, and showing in the centre the tubular sub-
membranaceous placenta, charged inside with numerous imbricate seeds. Fig. 2, a transverse section of
the follicle beginning to dehisce, with the placenta separating at the keel from the sutural margins.
Fig. 3, a transverse section of the placenta, showing the keel separated from the said margins, free from
the pericarp on the dorsal side: all natural size. Fig. 4, a portion of the submembranaceous placenta,
viewed from the inside, showing the many slender parallel ribs, resolved at distant intervals into a small
cone-shaped appendage open at the bottom and concealing the funicle of a seed attached at its ape

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 273

where it is continuous with the joint of the rib, magnified. Fig.5,a seed with a long superior slender
rostrum terminated by a fleshy ring, which surrounds the micropyle and bears a coma of many
long elastic hairs; on one side of the seed is the longitudinal raphe proceeding from the basal
chalaza, and terminating at the summit in the short funicle above mentioned, by which it is sus-
pended, Fig. 6, the same deprived of its coma and showing the same parts. Fig. 7, the embryo
enclosed in the albumen. Fig. 8, the embryo extracted, with the terete superior radicle and folia-
ceous cotyledons: all natural size.

PrareE XX.

A. Rhodocalyx crassifolius, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the calyx. Fig. 2, the same parallel-
nerved, with the sepals thrown back, to show the basal scales, disk, ovaries, style, and clavuncle. Fig. 3,
the corolla cut open, showing the shape and simple dextrorse convolution of the segments and the posi-
tion of the stamens: all natural size. Fig. 4, a stamen, magnified. Fig.5, a follicle of Rhodocalyx
rotundifolium. Fig. 6, a seed suspended by a long slender funicle and an apical coma, Fig. 7, the
same deprived of the coma and funicle, shown on the dorsal face. Fig. 8, a transverse section of
the same, showing it channelled on the ventral face, with the longitudinal raphe and the enclosed
embryo: all natural size.

B. Prestonia tomentosa, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the pedicellate calyx with its bracteole.
Fig. 2, the corolla, in bud. Fig. 3, the same, cut open to show the faucial ring and row of five acute
appendages in its mouth, the simple segments dextrorsely convoluted, and the insertion of the
stamens on a broad pilose ring. Fig. 4, the five stamens cohering in a cone. Fig. 5, a single one
detached: all natural size. Fig. 6, a stamen, magnified. Fig. 7, the crenulate faucial ring.
Fig. 8, the row of appendages in the mouth of the tube. Fig. 9, the calyx, with the sepals thrown
back, showing the scales, disk, style, and clavuncle. Fig. 10, the 2-celled capsule. Fig. 11, a
transverse section of the sume, showing the double dissepiment and the inflexed seminiferous
placentas. Fig. 12, the capsule, beginning to open along the septicidal dissepiment, and the seeds
beginning to escape. Fig. 13, a seed, with its apical coma, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 14,
the same, on its ventral face : all natural size.

Prare XXI.

A. Rhaptocarpus odoriferus, portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig. l, s flower with its bract.
Fig. 2, the corolla in bud. Fig.3, the same, cut open, showing the form and simple dextrorse convo-
lution of its segments, and the position of the stamens : all natural size. Fig. 4, 2 comen dos n
nified. Fig. 5, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back, to show the multilaciniate inner scale, the
disk, ovary, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, magnified. Fig. 6, the lower half of the capsule inverted,
and the other half erect. Fig. 7, a transverse section of the same, showing the septicidal dissepiment
and mode of placentation. Fig. 8, a seed: all natural size.

Fig. 1, the calyx. Fig. 2, the corolla, in

B. Aptotheca corylifolia, portion of a plant in flower and fruit. e

bud. Fig. 3, the corolla, cut open, showing the simple sinistrorse convolution of the segments,
faucial ring, and the basal insertion of the stamens: all magnified. Fig. 4, a o ut quit
nified. Fig. 5, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back, showing the simple inner sca du onm
ovary, magnified six times Fig. 6, a capsule beginning to open at its apex. MA i *
section of the same, showing the septicidal dissepiment and the manner of its placentation. g. 8,

a seed: all natural size. 2N

274 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Prare XXII.

Dipladenia illustris, a plant in flower and fruit, the stem arising from a tuberose root. Fig. 1, the calyx
and pedicel of a flower. Fig. 2, the sepals, thrown back to show their inner scales, one of the two
opposite lobes of the disk nearly as large as the two ovaries : both natural size. Fig. 3, the same,
magnified. Fig. 4, the same, with the addition of the style and clavuncle. Fig. 5, the corolla cut `
open, showing its large segments with dextrorse convolution, and the position of the stamens: both
natural size. Fig. 6, a stamen, seen before and behind, magnified. Fig. 7, the two ovaries and two
lobes of the disk, seen from above, showing their relative positions, magnified. Fig. 8, the two
follicles. Fig. 9, a seed: both natural size.

Pate XXIII.

Micradenia crassinoda, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the calyx and pedicel. Fig. 2, the corolla in
bud. Fig. 3, the corolla expanded, cut open to show the simple dextrorse convolution of its segments
and the position of its stamens. Fig. 4, a stamen: all natural size. Fig. 5, a stamen, magnified.
Fig. 6, the sepals, thrown back to show the disk, style, and clavuncle, natural size. Fig.7, the same
parts, showing the two inner bifid scales within each sepal (the two smaller opposite lobes of the
disk alternate with the two pointed ovaries), the style, clavuncle, and stigmata, magnified. Fig. 8,
the two follicles. Fig. 9, a comose seed : both natural size.

Pratt XXIV.

A. Homaladenia tenuifolia, one of several slender erect stems, all issuing from a napiform root, in flower
and fruit. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the same expanded: both natural size. Fig. 3, the
calyx. Fig. 4, the corolla in bud. Fig. 5, the same, cut open to show the simple dextrorse convo-
lution of its segments and the position of the pilose ring, on which the stamens are inserted. Fig. 6,
the cone of cohering anthers. Fig. 7, a single anther. Fig. 8, the calyx, with the sepals thrown
back to show the small 2-lobed disk, the two ovaries, style, and clavuncle : all natural size. Fig. 9,
the lobes of the disk alternate with the two ovaries, magnified. Fig. 10, the two ovaries and two
lobes of the disk, to show their relative positions, more magnified. Fig. 11, the two follicles.
Fig. 12, a seed crowned by a double coma. Fig. 13, the albumen extracted. Fig. 14, the embryo:
all natural size.

B. Prestoniopsis pubescens, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. l, a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the calyx.
Fig. 3, the corolla in bud: all natural size. Fig. 4, the calyx, magnified. Fig. 5, the corolla in
bud. Fig. 6, the same, cut open to show the simple dextrorse convolution of the segments and
the position of the stamens inserted near the base of the tube. Fig. 7, a stamen: all equally
magnified. Fig. 8,a stamen, much magnified. Fig. 9, the calyx, with the segments thrown back
to show one of the lobes of the disk, half as long as the two alternate ovaries, the short style,
and clavuncle, natural size. Fig. 10, the style, clavuncle, and stigmata, magnified.

Pare XXV.

Amblyanthera Claussenii, portion of a plant, with its lateral raceme, the flowers half concealed by its large
imbricated foliaceous bracts. Fig. 1, a flower in bud, with its basal bract much longer than the calyx.
Fig. 2, the calyx. Fig. 3, the corolla in bud. Fig. 4, the same, cut open to show the simple
sinistrorse convolution of the segments and the position of the stamens. Fig. 5, the stamens, with
the anthers cohering in a cone. Fig. 6, a stamen separated : all natural size. Fig. 7, a stamen,
shown on its inner face. Fig. 8, the same, on its outer face. Fig. 9, the same, on its edge. Fig. 10,

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 275

the filament: all magnified. Fig. 11, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the inner
scales, the 5-lobed disk, and the ovaries. Fig. 12, the style, the clavuncle, and stigmata: both mag-
nified. Fig. 13, the two follicles of Amblyanthera hispida agglutinated at the apex. Fig. 14, a seed
with its apical coma, seen on its ventral face. Fig. 15, the same deprived of its coma, shown on the
dorsal face. Fig. 16, a transverse section of the same. Fig. 17, the albumen extracted. Fig. 18,
the embryo removed from it: all natural size.

Prats XXVI.

Anisolobus oblongus, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the calyx. Fig. 2, its unequal imbricated sepals.
Fig. 3, a diagram of their mode of imbrication. Fig. 4, the corolla in bud. Fig. 5, the same
expanded, showing the folded segments with dextrorse convolution. Fig. 6, the same cut open,
showing the mode of their inflexion in the bud. Fig. 7, the corolla cut open, to show the position of
the stamens cohering in a cone. Fig. 8, a stamen separated : all natural size. Fig. 9, a stamen, seen
before and behind, magnified. Fig. 10, the two divergent follicles of Anisolobus hebecarpus, copied
from Miiller. Fig. 11, a seed rostrate at the apex, with a long apical coma: both natural size.

Prate XXVII.

A. Angadenia Sprucei, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, the calyx. Fig. 2 shows the quincuncial
imbrication of the sepals. Fig. 3, the corolla in bud. Fig.4, the same expanded. Fig. 5, the same
cut open, showing the simple dextrorse convolution of the segments. Fig. 6, a stamen: all natural
size. Fig. 7, a stamen, seen on its inner face. Fig. 8, the same, on its outer face. Fig. 9, the
filament: all magnified. Fig. 10, the calyx, with its sepals thrown back to show the disk, style,
and clavuncle, natural size. Fig. 11, the tubular disk, denticulate on its margin, nearly concealing
the two ovaries, much magnified.

B. Angadenia pruinosa, portion of a plant in fruit. Fig. 1, a section of the follicle, replete with seeds.
Fig. 2, a seed with its erect coma: both natural size.

Pratz XXVIII.

Perictenia stipellaris, a branch in flower, showing the peculiar row of stipules at each node. Fig. l,a
flower in bud, Fig. 2, the corolla in bud. Fig. 3, the same, cut open to show the singular manner
of introflexion of its long linear segments with sinistrorse convolution, and the position of the
stamens near the base of the tube. Fig. 4, the same with the segments expanded. Fig. 5, a
stamen: all natural size. Fig. 6, a stamen, seen before and behind, magnified. Fig. 7, the calyx,
pedicel, and basal bracts, the style and clavuncle, somewhat magnified. Fig. 8, the same with the
sepals thrown back, to show the inner scales, the 5-cleft disk, the ovaries, short style, and clavuncle,
more magnified. Fig. 9, a diagram to show the quincuncial imbrication of the sepals.

Prats XXIX.

Echites convolvulacea, portion of a plant in flower, together with a drawing of the ee Fiir toe
calyx. Fig. 2, the corolla in bud. Fig.3, the same with the border expanded. Fig.4, the same cut
open, showing the sinistrorse convolution of the segments and the position of the stamens. ^ dd
stamen: all natural size. Vig. 6, a stamen, seen before and behind, magnified. Fig. 7, the calyx,
with the sepals thrown back to show the inner scales, the disk, ovaries, style, and clavanele, natural
size. Fig. 8, the same parts, magnified. Fig. 9, the two follicles. Fig. 10, a seed with its apical
coma: both natural size. 2

2N 2

276

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Drang XXX.

Temnadenia Lobbiana, portion of a plant in flower and immature fruit. Fig. 1, a flower in bud. Fig. 2,

the corolla opened, to show the form and simply dextrorse convolution of the segments and the
position of the stamens. Fig. 3, a stamen : all natural size. Fig. 4, a stamen, shown in three posi-
tions, magnified. Fig.5, a grain of pollen, exceedingly magnified. Fig. 6, the calyx, with the sepals
thrown back to show the inner scales, the 5-lobed disk, the ovaries, style, and clavuncle, natural
size. Fig. 7, the same parts, magnified. Fig. 8, the summit of the style, clavuncle, and stigmata,
also magnified. Fig. 9, a seed of Temnadenia violacea, rostrate at the apex, with its apical coma,
natural size. Fig. 10, the same, shown on its dorsal face. Fig. 11, the same, seen on its ventral face.
Fig. 12, a side view of the same. Fig. 13, a transverse section of the same: all magnified.

Pirate XXXI.

Mitozus exilis, a portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig. 1, the calyx and pedicel. Fig. 2, the corolla,

cut open to show the form and simply dextrorse convolution of the segments and the position of
the stamens. Fig. 3, a stamen: all natural size. Fig. 4, the same, shown on its inside. Fig. 5,
the same with the filament removed. Fig. 6, the same, seen outside. Fig. 7, the filament: all
much magnified. Fig. 8,the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the denticulated inner scale,
the disk, ovaries, and style, magnified. Fig. 9, the two follicles conjoined at the apex. Fig. 10, a
seed with its apical coma: both natural size. e

Pate XXXII.

Secondatia densifolia, portion of a plant in flower, from Gardner’s specimen. Fig. 1, the short

panicle. Fig. 2, a flower expanded : both natural size. Fig. 3, the corolla expanded. Fig. 4, the
same, cut open, showing the simple dextrorse convolution of the segments, the tube ventricose in
the middle, pubescent in the contracted mouth, the position of the stamens in the lower constriction
of the tube. Fig. 5, one of the anthers detached. Fig. 6, the filament. Fig. 7, the calyx, with the
sepals thrown back to show the urceolate disk half-cleft into five lobes, the style, and clavuncle: all
magnified on the same scale. Fig. 8, the follicle, from a specimen of Martius in the Brit. Museum.
Fig. 9, a seed. Fig. 10, the albumen. Fig. 11, the embryo extracted : all natural size.

Puate XXXIII.

A. Mesechites myrtifolia, portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig. 1, the calyx. Fig. 2, the corolla

in bud. Fig. 3, the same, cut open to show the simple dextrorse convolution of the segments and
the position of the stamens: all natural size. Fig. 4, the calyx with the sepals thrown back, show-
ing the inner scales, the five free lobes of the disk, and the ovaries, magnified. Fig. 5, the two
parallel torose follicles, natural size.

B. Anechites circinalis, portion of a plant in flower. Fig. 1, a flower, natural size. Fig. 2, the corolla in

bud. Fig. 8, the same expanding. Fig. 4, the same, cut open, showing the simple dextrorse convo-
lution of the segments and the position of the half-exserted stamens. Fig. 5, the calyx. Fig. 6,
the same, with the sepals thrown back to show the inner scales, the five free lobes of the disk, and
the ovaries : all equally magnified. Fig. 7, an anther. Fig. 8, its filament: both more magnified.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 277

Prate XXXIV.

Hemadictyon ovatum, portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig.l,a flower in bud. Fig. 2, the corolla
expanding: both natural size. Fig. 3, the same expanded, showing the exserted appendages and
the partially exserted stamens. Fig. 4, the same, cut open, showing the crenulate ring in the mouth,
the position of the appendages and of the cohering stamens, the filaments inserted in five tufts
of hairs, and the ten longitudinal nervures of the tube. Fig. 5, the buccal ring. Fig. 6, the five
appendages. Fig. 7, the filaments of the stamens seated in the tufts of hairs: all magnified. Fig. 8,
the cohering stamens. Fig. 9, a stamen separated : both natural size. Fig. 10, the same, much
magnified. Fig. 11, the calyx, with the sepals thrown back to show the inner scales, the disk of five
free lobes, the ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata, magnified. Fig. 12, one of the two follicles
grown to its full size. Fig. 13, a seed: both natural size.

Pirate XXXV.

A. Laseguea latiuscula, portion of a plant in flower, showing its lateral very imbricated inflorescence and
its fruit. Fig. 1, a flower in bud, with its basal bract much longer than the pedicel and calyx.
Fig. 2, the pedicel and calyx. Fig. 3, the corolla expanded: all natural size. Fig. 4, the corolla, cut
open, showing the simple dextrorse convolution of its segments and the position of the stamens,
magnified. Fig. 5, an anther. Fig. 6, its filament: both more magnified. Fig. 7, the calyx, with
the sepals thrown back to show the inner scales, the 5-lobed disk, the ovaries, style, clavuncle, and
stigmata, magnified as in fig. 4.. Fig. 8, the two erect follicles. Fig. 9, a seed with its apical
coma: both natural size.

B. Forsteronia refracta, portion of a plant in flower and fruit. Fig. 1, one of its minute flowers, natural
size. Fig. 2, the same in bud, much magnified. Fig. 3, the same with the corolla expanded, showing
the exserted cone of anthers. Fig. 4, a stamen, seen on its inner face, with its inflexed apex.
Fig. 5, the same, shown on its edge. Fig. 6, the same, on its outer face. Fig. 7, the calyx, with the
sepals thrown back to show the 5-lobed disk, the ovaries, style, clavuncle, and stigmata: all equally
magnified. Fig. 8, one of the two torose follicles, 10 inches long, with many long strangulations.
Fig. 9, a seed with its apical coma: both natural size.

Plate 1.

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INDEX.

[The Synonyms are in ¿talics. ]

e Page
DMBRLLANIA 20.5000. e a 12 l X Gals
euaumenna Pl [B E ee, 18
lata 000900 4990.3 E de 13
Ambellania macrophylla, Müll............... 14, 68
quadrangularis, Mill. ................ 14, 68
AMBLYANTHERA ee TM, 10, 184
Bd MU ce a P 189
CUA E 188
Ne 187
ee MUU, |. u.s. eee NX 190
FInmumenub wel p o ee 186
BM NOEL ol ooo oo EOS 185
PDA TAG; EL OD 0: 1o dee 187
Moritztana, Mull; 515 20 PROL pe Sees pue 189
DUEB RODE 2 1 R SR enis hen dvi sa rr 188
Botan; Mull: o rc OU SERIES. 189
Spruccahi, ARMES ER 190
Amblyanthera Andina, Müll. ................ 204
Andere, Mill : 2 c ò ee SOR 000 206, 235
Dort; Mall; = <> ò z, ES 000220905. 82
brüchylgba; Mul ee E 203
campestris; Mall- ilr CEDE. 121
airifoha; Mull.-:::::::.::: POENT G 200
congesta, Mal: ois ce c GL, 200
convolvulacea, Müll. .......... EU TEZ, 195
ordenjfobo, Mall: - 2.4 244700 AS, 139
Culonas; EE 223
Fluminensis, Müll. (in parte) ............ 185

» var. Clausseni, Müll ........ 187

JURA e EE went 253
funiformis, Müll. ........ ee 219

e var. pedunculata, Müll. ........ 218

PS var. microphylla, Müll. ........ 218
CT en Mull. Lii. 22.116 ME emi usd 285

Koruna, Mull... erre 206

Page

Amblyanthera madida, Müll. .................. 121
Mexicana; Mull... e lI e ee E 205
microcalyx, var. trichantha, Mill........... 208
DID MIDI I o a ee a 234
patustas, Ml. o < 213

» var. Almadensis, Müll. .......... 179
eundurata; Mil. ue eei a 182
Prieurii, Müll. ....... g Te 182
tomentosa, Müll. ....... AAA 213
iorosg, MME o 7242 G ae QE 229
ab, Mull <... e 206
versicolor, Müll. ss.. 98... EE 221

3 var. intermedia, Müll .......... 222

SS EE Mull. = 0. 2 is 221
ACACA M Qa EE 8, 31, 64
EE NOD: ==. 547 s Li A Iro ae 66
angulata, ROD: ` pesca F i. eae 65
congosta, E E GE 65
e EE 67
JOMRIOLA, NOD: 9... ree 1r ARY ar 66
amna nob, =. 7 2 o ee SEN,
JANE a ds 8, 32, 79
Bagetonsis, N00. 000 coo eet, =. BE
A .. Soccer a a 82
A E L ce. SE 82
SENE mobi e usus 81
Mevoln OU. 21.499 cA a sun 80
poouri Ao, PL LA B EE 80
Wulsohlspolu, N05. oo ers toe 81
SCHEER os oa er ee 32 ae ve 10, 236
Hm oec do E Mr 236
asperuginis, nob. ............ e 237
(NAL 995. FX DOE do ke rese 236
lappulacea, nob. ... .. OON. S Ue ees 237
o ASP N A Se gs ses os 238

280 INDEX.
Page Page
ANECHITES Anisolobus hebecarpus, var. erectus, Müll. ........ 171
Thom EE 237 3 var. scandens, Müll. ...... 171
ARCADIA Cio bere 10,178 Küpplen, Mig. 1... 55 ee UR o Mir
Almadends; 405. ads eS POE. 179 pones Müll... os o RES 176
Dios MOU, =. = 2052 VV 60855, 175 A OOR Ee py ve. DIE HE 9, 150
ENEE e 180 coy hola, nobis PL. 2158. a eee 150
EE, 176 Apooyinim Acouc, Aubl. so 8 é 98
EEN = 72 eS E ELE amcalatm, Lam, 2.4... 6 QU EX 98
CUN HOU EEN 182 CU Miller — > o oe 122
GU MOD. A E 175 nervomm, Mller ` oi ee 122
Uu A F. [ea os Er 178 EE 193
elliptica, nob. ..............s.oo oo eee ee 180 scandens, Plum. =... E 113
SCS N00; chas aa ca 178 scandens neriifolium, Plum. .............. 114
grandifolia; nob, .. <. 2. eee 175 LEE 98
TE 181 TEOSI a F ES EE 7,21
hypoglauca, nob. ...................... 173 Gomesianum, 4. DO, PL Ba ...... 0.1 22
latifolia; Ee 176 Aspidosperma bicolor, Müll. .................. 25
a e A e ee 180 FEL MED A ae, 25
majuscula, o o RN 174 Lhotzkianum, Müll. D ISO IQ NE UU ME 25
EE A I be 177 ni&dum, Mill. ON ee 24
EEN SE 182 parvifolium, Müll. .............. ES A 25
POppudb EE ES 179 polyneurum, Müll. .......... d Uem 24
Prieurii, NUR LAN ILS OS C 26 dec esr CS 182 ramiflorum, Müll. Mi os ss OS REN ee 85
priünusb A Ceres 177 BEN WE E 26
E A EE 179 Baloni ML 12. 8 o 24
RE ep AR. 181 sessiliflorum, Müll... ........ 757 n 23
Sprucei, nob., Pl. STA < ie 176 ASPIDOSPERMEJE (tribe) IA S AURAIT QUEE 7
EE 174
A v s ap a LE ME 181 Baok ovuta, Box de Arn. os > Y 75
ANISODLÓBUS.. IE Ee P Bel es 10, 168 8.48
Deag wad 169 ZE A
Ja attenuata, nob. =. =... 5. a eee 51
Foki; MIGUEL S020 0s SEO 172 A -A
Hebocarpua Mu Io 5 eae s 170 id p AMA cd css 50
+ ds latiflora, nob. ...... i ese esa?
Hostiam Mig o. SSS DEAN 179 ` 49
übhqus, 100. -......... EE
E PE QU 112 22 22 OAT NS 169 GE wot 50
Pavian, A DO i ee 169 x 3 EC e REE" e SS
Pola E E 171 Mone ea E unco ai
ae Perottetit, nob. .......... EE
EE E SIE ERST 172 53
à polyneura, nob. .........- EE
EE deeg 171 s 53
: > TALIHOLA, MOD. Lo cs cc ar ese olle Me costar ctt r
punctioculósus, Mig. ¿AR 172 s 59
` i Tupie0lh, 805........ v. ENE area”
rüabdülus; OO: lee ev Urn purs etu 173 dul A. DO. PL 6 48
Belag ADOS. ` <> r ¡peda 169 ba
Stadelmeyeri, Matt" 170
Zaccarimanus, nod... o EE 171 CAMERARIA 2:12:12. A A q Ys e
Jugo A us Mal 25055. ees 175 Cameraria Guianensis, Aubl. ......... e 87
À var. latifolius, Müll. .... 176 lutea Eam. - isis oso PEE 8 E
cognatus, Müll. ...... d ech a 176 tamaquarina, Aubl... cesses 87
curerd, Mall: ¿A 175 CERATHES-...2200 POPs e ees 6,17
» war. grandifolius, Müll. .:........ 175 amena, PETO PS Aa. a es 18
gractapes, Mall 33... ee 220 Cestrum nervosum, Miller `... sees ee eee? 56

INDEX. 281
Page Page
ÜBARIOMMA SE + MÍ, toe 8, 110 Dipladenia Martiniana, Müll. .......;........ 161
Domingensis; tob. od isst. DUI. A ud 112 34 var. glabra, Müll. ...... 159
lava, N00... sie. Awe won) aid 113 $ var. pubescens, Müll. .... 156
mucronulataynobsida Rey. a 112 Moricandiana, Müll. o siise A R dice 162
nobilis; NOD. 5... ws neni E 113 nobilis, Lomo É E X: ean 113
saandens; nob. ......... MHE rai 114 pastorum, A. DO... 3. EE 164
surrecta, nob., Pl. 15 ... LBI... A o EE peduncularis, A. DO... 2 s alain 165
verticillata; 10D... C153. aoc) HEM loss 113 polymorpha, var. brevifolia, Müll........... 165
DODOSJNNA. <. aa AE es oe, os 8, 31, 72 var. peduncularis, Müll. ...... 165
calycinum, nod. PL 83..... deel caos 73 x var. puberula; Müll. .......... 165
macrocalyx, nob... doo ll slew tee < iae 73 34 var. tenuifolia, Müll........... 164
DORDYLOUERPUN 1. erano e MD DANSO 7, 28 pulohella, À. DO. ......... aloe 157
grace, o5, Pl. dB. AML A. oue 28 Juedelii, Müll oo. V i ii 160
CUVE i oe oes EE 16 Sellowii, Müll. .......... se dnas 161
aquatica; Aubl. 17... POR IS 16 spigelio/flora, var. longiloba, Müll........... 157
OUPTRAN E 2 ks, EN 6,15 tenufolia, A. DOL con) akaiti a 164
Aubleüans;nob, PL. EE aos 16 S var. puberula, Ay DC. .......... 165
Margniünn, A e aiia Le urophylla, Hook ....... > MAPA eames 161
EE 19, 263 vinceflora, Van Houtte.................. 165
humilis, Benth... ooo ico ede cuc 263 wanthostoma, Mal, 157, 212
Cycladenia Harrisonii, Lem............... 128, 263
BOBTTRA (class) 0... oe ce en A ID 8
DIPLADENIA.. S55 do vis... ORIG. peered 9, 153 TT a OEE SORE MOU ó cae ê 10, 191
O ADO. ....... O 156 acuminata, R. d. P. EA 3900545340 197
androsemifolia, 4. DO. 8. Fi ake 156 acutiloha;A, DO, 2... <<. A PRI 198
Gardneriana; A, DC... «cc. Ht 096 155 albiflora mobs c.f. ceri... US Tuve 204
gentianoides, 4. DO... ..... AS t mises 157 andind, Ob.) cec de geev COA ESTE 204
illustns, A.. DO: PL 22..... xâ dé oí 153 Andrieuxn, nob. ss «40M UO PROS 206
linearis, Muk: =; ....... a. 88. 2250981005 157 branhyloba,.nob. ve ee c... 0.79 DIN 203
longiloba; ADO... . . . .tdankiac asist 157 chlorantha, Schlecht... <<<... 8 7. PIO 196
Tosa-campestris, Lemi. ....... AO AOS 156 citrifolia, H. BARRA 200
sanola As; DE: è pr is Hu ORIO 154 congesta, H. B. K... cv odds EEN 200
Baponarm, A. DO, doo ooo oo db. nue 157 * convolvulacea, 4. DC. PL 29... WA 489374 195
RADIS, Müll. eat o o EE 155 disadena; Mig. -oo eseuri MT 204
spigelimflora, Mull. eine EE 157 glandulosa, B. $ Po cos... 40b IOS 196
vela A. DO. zs... 79 A aveo vin 154 lursuta, Z. d Po, 0 <, c eec AQUI 20059951 198
venulodn, Mui. ......... PAUTA. 2905986 156 birtiflora, 4, DO: <<. POOR EEN EE 200
Diplad ta Hook iow) aH wetness 162 Japurensis, Stadelm. .............. ste NÉI 205
atroviolacen, A. DOE ada o es 159 Karwinski, nob... 0s st ots 99 OPUS 206
cocemea, Müll- ooo +. «di NOÉ 141 lanata,. Mart. $ Cal... 049022 59/2 207
crassinoda, Müll. E A 158 laxa, Rd Posi ò ceu isir A OR 197
E Lindl... .. eil HA RARA 159 E E TT A O MT u, A 207
Fendlert, Müll. ieren RA EE 168 E AA GU ARS HC 199
flava, Hook, EEN 113 longillora, nob. ..... vis. POE CIOS 194
fragrans, A. DC. ¿A RR 162 laten, Velli. i< ove eie e AIL 194
gentianoides, var., Müll................... 154 T Monaoana, A; DO.. cs cs iras NR T OP 201
Horrisis, EE 128 membranacea, A. DO, ee À SVO VEC é 196
Harrisonit, Mull. E 0031 USS vinens ci < 128 Mexicana, nob. ......... Ses E a 205
illustris, var. glabra, Müll. .......... 155, 156 microcalyx, E
linariefolia, A. DC. .; INIA 164 montana, H; B. K. A E AA 199
; 20

282 INDEX.
Page Page
EcHITES Celit cineres, Rich. s... «08.0055 d dirien AMMOL 141
oblique, ER, inin ay... eee cuec ee 193 circinalis, A. DC., var. Thomasiana ........ 237
ovata, Jb A AA 192 p- Qriseh. (non Sw.). EE EEN 236
pallida, nob... suites uv SM, ibas 195 = „ . var. adglutinata; 1.5. es 237
riparia H.B. MG còca adai uml IDO 199 5. Müll. (non Bw.).. «<> dan sides 238
vabsagittata, B, $ P....... 0. 4. ABE 198 55. Bw. (non Miill.)..........dew2tebonss 236
` gubsessilis, A. DO......... Ld. juas 199 Glausseni, ADC. 5,01. UT. dom. OS 187
Surinamensis, Mig. ...........- coastas 203 coalita, Müll. (non Vell.) ............ 153, 201
trifida, Jacq. (non Müll. nec Griseb.) ...... 202 Boxe. o a citt 152
tuhiflora, Marti 8 Polendos uaz... soca ce os 206 coceimeas Hook: eg 0. LE. den caladas 141
fabulosa. Do. aii Wie. enr 202 » var. ovata, Hook... ies oxsloooxoedin 141
xnibellatà, JOM... .......... tld A SMD 193 cognata, Stadelm. ................. 20242035 ku?
Vanthien, ADO, 55.20 le slope 201 cordata; A; DO: 5. 2 Bt Do iners 212
venenosa, Stade... nvr ons D ele 205 Gora: Benth sa ao sace ANA 177
Veraguensis, Sean... iras aia 203 corymbosas Jacq... dd. DION s ` 97
Echites adglutinata, Griseb. (non Jacq.) ........ 236 crassifolia, Spruce een LECAR 139
à TMOG ¿ua E ies 236 ormssinoda, Garda... E D dos aldo bid 158
Almadensis, Btadelm, s., lucl. adis 179 E AO ,...-.-s 0% E DE 140
Amazonica, Stadelm, AN 175 E O 182
angustifolia, Benth. (non Poir.)............ 231 Curura, Matt. eege, cast 175
i a cas 230 ^» — var. grandifolia, Stadelm..........- 175
evndaris Linh <c. A 216 Cannat Ac DOS v.a... eee 223
A Pavon (non Linn.) ..........«8 259 densevenulosa, Stadelm. ........... ees 170
antennae, A. DC... 0 ob. 35 talas 251 denticulata, Vell... ¿DIN consenta 257
arborea, Vol, 2 ;5......... 00. Kries 89 dichotoma, H; B. K.. E E 233
qeperugunie, BW. denn, nette 237 DMA Nello. S. de an 152
atro-purpured, Limdl....,..... do uibus 159 difformis, Wealth... Mode caca eeng 99
atro-violacea, Stadelm. `... 159 discolor, Moritz -.. 88 LE AL ctii 224
augusta, Vall, oo d ee bien, adorada 130 RA A uil ocres 112
barbata, Deeg de AER. pd solia 123 Ehrenbergis, Schlecht... ... 01. t. soto 121
(Urechites) barbata, Griseb. .............. 123 elegans, Benth. .........aœxh JURO ens 178
Berti & DU. eo eoo EE 180 emarginata, Vell... 85.1 an 250
bicolor, Mig. + PEL EE 251 Grecia, Nell... o... 220. de BELO 249
O AC <... adh eeben 175 ferrugineo, A. Bidi ......... SUM. Aus 227
biflora, Jacq. ...... BE Dh sabaha aie 121 Jloribunda, B.......... MU, ada 243
tafurcata, Poppy ee E hk: e 178 Flummensns, A. DG. eoo 2X wb. 22436194 185
bignoniceflora, Schlecht. ...............4.. at Jragrans, Btadelm, .......... ik Eege 162
Blanche, A. DO: Cent, anal 220 Franciscea, Hook. (non Lindl.), var. pallidiflora 211
Bogotensie, H. B.K....,.,, Zou le eiser 82 x Lindl. (non Hook.) ............ 212
brachystachya, Benth. =...) eit. pisna 222 Junaformás, Vell........... 4. UNÍA a 219
bracteata, TH. BRK o AA ae 239 gemintta, R. & Sch. ....- RIM ¡bones 178
sss Cae 8880904 102 glaucescens, Mart. & Gal. ...............- 214
wenpes, Benth. eg 54 AA saab 294 gracilipes, Btsdelm. .........1 dede 220
Browne, Oin. eeu chat odiaba 232 gripe. fe Bo, xS. 24409 240
calyoosa, Rich. «sco. 5556s poros AOE. pate 140 grandiflora, Hook. & Arn.,....... € 130
campestris, Vell... dida 121 » var. minor, Hooks... prescisa 191
Chslensis, à DO, .....2€ A aran 115 F Méy, 5.5.6 A 127
En Mall soos os oen eescht 115 À Stadelm, (non Mey.) ......«.-- 174
"— Btadelm, ....... E adno ua 188 Güanabarica, Casar. Nuli., misiva ada 218
cinacifuga, Moc. & Sess... 2.3.0. 32. eee eae 228 Guarani&iea, SEAL.) EA a 129

INDEX. 283

Page Pago

Echites Guayaquilensis, Benth. ................ 233 Echites (Laubertia) paludosa, Griseb............. 122
Gutanensis; A, DO. nk AA 2124784 235 palustris; Balam; PIT POR) RE EE 213
hebeoorpa, Benth. - ; ; ; 3984 SL AMUR HD ROA 170 pandurata, À; DO. 222 oc AREA 182
heterophylla; Gmel.: ue, OR 112 pastorum, Stadelm. 50451 PRA 164
5 Mig. (non Gmel.) ............ 116 Pavone; À. DO. Loco coco WAL PEREA 198
hirsuta, Hook. (nor Vell Ee Vv BON LOUER 209 peduncularis, Stadelm.: `... 1 PN 165
a Vell; conocio D, AR SE 185 peltigera, Stadelm..... so EE REP 133
hirtella, Benth. (non H. B. K. ) UU Se aoe. 234 peltata, Müll. (non Vell.) 7 IVAR 134
py) BE BOR cece rene 106 DAVE 234 $ $ ^ (iit parte). NE: AUS 135
Hookers; EE 141 Vell; iii POR REA 134
hypoglauca, Stadelm. ; > 1375. o RE PEPA buio savii, Bt. HiL ii A RG 131
hypolenoa, Bonth. 2203001 RAP 140 pilosa; Vell, its PR 106
ebria; Voll s: on 0.50... TIA AEE 153 pinifolia, SHR PAR ss 131
andtgnts; reng sii ss DAI 19 plicata, As DO.- it IP 134
jasminiflora, M. & Gal. EN 235 Pohliana, Stadelm El 280995. T 171
Javitensis, Benth. (non H. B.K.).......... 190 Prieurii, A: DO. io RON 182
> H; B irc SATHE 239 peidiifolia; Marb. - A AE 172
lanuginosa, M. € Gal, ........... RET 139 ptarmica; Müll. (non Popp.) .............. 115
ee 237 js Popp Ts POA Ce dE 115
5 var. asperuginis, A. DC......... 237 puberulas Mohr E Me el 99
lasiocarpa; A. DO, 1... 415. EES 2999974 209 pubescens, Hooks & Arn. EE 114
leptoloba, Btadelm. «>a sr a PPE SELI DEURI, 211 5 Willd. (non Hook. & Arn.) ...... 166
leptopiylla, A. DG. 300. SE EES 221 pulchella; Candis IAEA LR: A 157
imbarijola, Ham. sss iasi PPP 230 pulcherrima, Pohl E E T 171
» Stadelm. (non Ham.).......... 221 puncticulosa, Be. E AA 172
longiflora, Dosis 9. IG SADA 130 pycnantlun Mend. AA 264
lucida, Ra. & Soh; - +> + <> > on. PES VERS 128 quinquangularis; Jacq. IMITA 217
macrantha; R. & Sch.......... Ho PP 127 repens, A. DC. (non Jaen, 230
maerocdiyo, Müll. ..... 409. AEB 136 HEAVEN NS PA 229
maerocarpa, Rich. >; cs ss. Fees seer 108 votoluit; De. PO 0T OM Ce 238
macrophylla, H. B. K. EE 240 vosioampestris, Hiigel A 156
macrostoma, Benth. ........ PESTE 123 T0868; ALDO: ov NO RR O 232
madida; Vell: LPRA IE PASAS 121 rugosa; DOM. 222
Marrana; Stadelm. ¿HH 161 opge ele A A EE 154
Marta; Moll <<<: 0 EE 152 Ae A 180
Maximiliana; Stadelm. ....-..... Ll. 212 EE NS 255
megagros, Nell; isses iria RA EE 149 secunda IONE, As DO: RR ree ERRAR 210
Meyeriana, Bo. & BAR 821) APE ATTERRA 127 EE 213
microphylla, A. DC. (non Stadelm.) ........ 218 dessilid; Vo." < A IN 104
E elek 219 EE A 241
mollissima, H. B. K. : : s < ANA E T 240 spèctabrhs, bend < 14494071: EE 116
multifolia, nob. ENEE 131 spicata, Jacq: s107 SATTA TITLA rece: 96
myrtifolia, R. & Seh... s 2.44 o... 232 spigeliœflora, Stadelm. .................. 157
nitida. Vahl cn PE IRRE: 177 EPURdAnS; HE 163
wens; Amd: < 226 245526 EE 255 Wines Td EE 210
Üasacana, A. DO. 2650200885 BS fona: 234 stipellaris, Spruce ..... GE 183
odorifera, Vell. EN 151 suaveolens, A. DC. ...... EEE eae 184
ovalifolia, Poir. e 248 5 EE 139
paludosa, H. BK. 241 subiti; Benth.i:::0:415 in N 231
» A Vahl (non H. B. E) -.....--...- 119 suberecta, Griseb. (non Jacq.) ...........- 120

284 INDEX.
Page Page
Echites suberecta, Linn., Jacq. ................ 125 ExorHosTEMON
Ae Sw. (non Jacq.) ee 111 Javitanso, G. Ion svi AA 239
a A E do outre 256 macrophyllum, G. Don ......ooooooooo.». 240
subsagittata, Griseb. (non R. & P.) ........ 203 molhmimum, G. Don. ¿it 240
sudepicata, Vahl ..........- OG «e deiere Er 252 paladosum; G. AA 43... eres. 241
sulphurea, Vell. sde t 201 BOTIOCHIN, E E Ple Sr 241
sylvestris, A. INL. os lah ethene ner 174 podom G. Don ........— BY << = es 241
symphytocarpa, Mes... en 222
tenuicaulis, Stadelm. .....oo.............. 221 E SEER INS 10, 242
unos, Mika io... Yen 164 üpütifoha Mall. cs. cos FRE EE 246
AS TE 247 aüsiralis, Mall. =. 5 oco i nbn E 246
E NORE: = ic cs ò. EE 213 diyatiogbi RA A dorer d 247
is var. laticordata, A. DC. /....... 213 floribunda, Meyer alcoi. IO neg 243
lonia PONG is E E 229 munubllora; Mull, iaa su 244
a van Browne, A. DO. EE 232 montans, Milli LA BR athe et 245
torgudia, Cas. ico isses Dr Seeds 103 obtúsiloba, Mulat: EE ec SE eat ersinnen 246
torulosa, Lam. (in parte) .. assii ese sees ee 232 Sxablulule EE r GE 248
ic eae wens O ranc eee 229 PE A DO: ...... A M: iecore 243
trifida, Griseb. (non Jacq.) .............. 202 HE OU io et al sri ees 246
ONA Da PO; o a A ya 133 Péfracta, Myt. PUSS Bas pri o's eee 244
umbellata, var. longiflora, Griseb........... 194 Riedelii, Aert, Ee 245
ValensudanaRioh. in aens c vA ees 181 rotundinsoula, nob.. ...... ccd deve odes 248
e, LIESE nea 208 'Ballowi, Mull. ici, E AA 245
¡var purpurea, Müll. a. sata 212 thyrsoides;, Müll. ........ o 247
O AS, A 210 Forsteronia Acouci, A, DC. isi du NN tee eee eee 98
qa Wars steiphured, Mull. 1... es 211 acutifolia, var. pubescens, Müll............. 246
Te EE 129 ee MEA... Oe ak Os EORR 96
Velloiana ASDG, odo Eo ó ss 192 VR Mula ccoo. O Phin ero 101
O S 154 Bonthamiana, Müll. ...... ¡bt io 95
AS A A e nie 175 Graotedta, Mallo dE PARE 102
wersicolor, Biadelm. uuu. E 221 Bronlonmns, A, DO. A ads eem 103
violacea, Müll. (non Vell) ................ 212 corylifolia, Griseb. .... .. TE iR ea e 150
Wh MOLL. (Non MATE). iia 208 corymbosa, Mey. (non A. DC.) ...........- 98
AN 130 > O E E 97
ji Stadelm (non St.-Hil.) .......... 130 dforoug ASDO. .. E a i iE 99
aanthostoma, StadelM. .................. 212 dispynyolu, Mull ti v yak 96
Zuccariniana, Stadelm. ANEN LTE ee Eege 106
A A O s Sur. 8, 114 floribunda, Müll. (non Mey.).............. 105
Chüenss, Mull iso... 0... IR Aes 115 Gardneri; Mili. icu y ERI sd ek < 96
heterophyllus, 0b. Zo... EE e Eege H6 giabracons, Mall. =. 4 eM oe reu 102
piatmica, EE 115 Gugonensig; Müll... co Seo e $E d'ambes 97
pubescens; wobu FL TAA >... or esso 114 lancifolia, Müll. (in parte)........... 20... 98
SE TE 116 laurifolia, ALDO... da A 94
Elytropus Chilensis, Müll. (in parte)........ 114, 116 inanis Mal cc A Ee 207
PHIADRNDAE < 42, a A 8, 117 E ies D oe 106
ebovata, nob. E 117 macrophylla, MUM. o. ere 96
e E PEX ENE CR E 10, 238 mulimervia, ADO: oo... a eee . 108
brastestum, G. Don .:. s acai erenn 239 pilosa, Mull... Abis RA 106
det NOG. co eo o ac SEU 241 pubesems, B; DO. <c 3 2 a 101
gracile; G. Dow. a had tubi is 240 tufa; Ml E oe 104

Page

Forsteronia Schomburgkii, A.DC............. 94, 98
= var. umbellata. ois deas dinin, 98

NUI MB, id EE 95
cos ul bau <. EE 8, 31, 83
A os cs ON E isd heer ease 84
Marüanum, mob ...... (A XE ee 84
raundolfumps Ma o i. es ee neon 85
sericeum, Benth. $ Hook. ....:.. eee 86
Bolandti, MODA iui. Ee 85
Nollosn, dilema Pl. IDA]. rs 83
Habsburghia comans, Mart. ........ san. diidiis 110
ESSMABIIYON O 0000 Roe caufis 10, 254
acutifolium| Beth. E Dri Pene 260
Ammasomom. EE 262
asperam MM 12 e 258
braoteosum; Mull. ... 66.24. A 257
Ci oL See ée 260
enana TARN, <c «edo ces om se pipa 259
Üayennense, d, DO voii 2 o hae O 256
denticulatum, nob. ........... O 257
pi EDC; AS AAS Cibi wr 255
aGuudlidasdib, ADO... iu. 02025916 eth 956
paconemrum, Mull. |... (nM. ow vid. 262
marginatum, Benth. ...... 4 ssh eeiam 256
membranaceum, Müll. .....5.. 9 Vs crei 260
óontum, 4055 PL OA 1..... ul r < dawn 258
pallidum, DO 5... die sepas 259
papillosum, Mull -a isir da aplico? 261
A AM wl; eae eti sues 261
tomentellum, Benth; 5 . ut - 0 ros 259
trifidam, Popp. co Mec 261
Enoc TAA o... ces Wool tud 255
Hemadicty lare, A. DO.. 31% S erated 216
cwromanecG Don ©... . 58. E EE 236
contortum, M. & Gal. ......... s de 241
Gaudichaudii, Müll. (in parte) ............ 258

* e 3.1. de ia 259
glabratum, A. DC. ........ 55 dr alió 145
glandulòsum, A. DO. ....... Jue karien 196
tegen, BG: (i... EE 127
macroneurum, Müll. (in parte) ............ 257
mégalagrion, Mull. ..... ¿2 std 149
molle; ADU. 7.51.0593. 1 do ón 148
mana, Ke 0 O 255
parviflorum, Benth. ....... dor. conoció. 215
Ide Müll se 0 p Ee re dW Me 216
solanifolium, Müll............:. ever eee es 214
aubersctum, G. Don. ies doo tnim 111

Page

Mangoes e or M TN 8, 12
Gardneri, Wb. AAs. o MU abest 12
pubescens, Ness $ Mart. ¿iaa 12
speciosa, Gomez, Pl. La; MC auior 12
Hancornia floribunda, Damp... 13, 15
taxa; A. DC. 3... sr M M 13
macrophylla, Spruce ........ Ani coins 68
HAXPLOPHYTUM ........... 24. di cnt 10, 228
timicifugum, 4. DO... ....... eth coon sdn € 998
TEE E 10, 263
pycnantha, Mull, .......... it 264
Van Heurekii, Müll............. nds 264
Hippocratea neurocarpa, Griseb. .............. 23
TFEOMALADENTA 2 04M ee vee 9, 164
brevifolia, nob. :........ one Fe 165
linarimfolia, 000... 5. Eeer 164
pastorum, mobi. ..:...., 11... ohne pinen 164
peduncularis, nob. ........ 2A «de semaine 165
A so vip ues wr 165
Ttenutoli nob, PE 944. PE < Aous ries 164
vinceeflora, nob. ...... eeh li 165
ET < sa SE 6, 14
edulis; Karst... es aid 14
TUG GADD E E T 14

LT iuc M O E 10, 248
antennsoen, nob... ......-. «id one 251
bicolor, mob. Loro...» CH S ds 251
Ginérginsta, ADO. ....... fens sie vh 250
erecta, Müll. (in parte)... io ee 249
OT MOD... >... Ss ooo EM o émet 253
glabra, ADO: ....... 32V. A 250
Guilleminiana, A. DO. 03. arias 249
Hooker, Mill. ......... uod ae ened 253
Jegeri, mob. ....... tc... E 254
Jatinsonla, nob., PL 354 | «cent. penis 251
Jeptocarpa, nob, -s s., 1434 ed cdm eae 254
obliquinervia, ADO... s.s «siete eos 250
Pentisndiana, A. DC... cvn a corte 253
pabiflora; nob. «erede raro reds 253
subepicata 0d... nc. e rer entes 252
ténudubb WOO. oo e pe e 252
SI nobi. eei dor as 250
Laseguea acutifolia, A. DC. e 249
calycosa, Griseb....... eel «xd “TAO
erecta, var. Guilleminiana, Müll. .......... 249
Guilleminiana, var. obliquinervia, Mill. .... 250
DAUSMETIA EE oer er WE 8, 124
Bolton, ADO uere o PAS 124
Laubertia Urechites, Griseb. .......ooo.....-.. 125

286 INDEX.

Page.
BMAMOBRA. c.c. 2440624446066040 06 el CN
ET TE 11
BÉAGBOSIPHOXIA ein 66206 o te DIS 9, 129
Guaranitioa, Müll... kä HR CRT 129
bngiflora, Müll... 45 dO ETA PPR 130
Morin, AIL. oleo nM dr pm 130
Piola, NOD. wo PTUS se 181
prostrata, nob; Fi. IT. cece. BUENAS 131
Volame; Mull... -sne EE NAUES 129
verüallata; Milla ......... vie ee ERRES 131
xirescons; Mull... tee ve NECI CS 130
Macrosiphonia hypoleuca, Müll. .............. 140
suaveolens, M. & Gab: i o vu PDAS 139
verticillata, var. pinifolia, Müll. .......... 131
EE 8, 86
amplexicaulis, Müll. e aetna 91
arborea; nob. Di A 89
Cubana, 244. DO. o. AE ADA Se ` 92
EES EN wv e RE RI 91
glandulifera, nob., PL.18A .............. 90
gracilis, A DO sivi conis LIA 87
CROM MOD ER e REL eS 87
Hasminoides, nob. = ecò rri róc sora ua ARDIT 92
IMA E 88
lanceolata; Mulk o. 162 OO CRA 88
Marti; MUI a en r IE 90
nitida, E 91
obtusifolia, A-DO............ ce atu 88
EE MOOC E ee A MER ARES 87
Panamensis; Malo: EE ARE 93
riparia, A DEG ao N EROU 91
Schomburgkil, Meet, ek wi dopo leds 88
tamaquarina, 4. DE... 5. BARRO 87
Tarumensis, Benth. . .............. 002230 09602 87
tetrastaghya, nod. +. nio... ML 92
virescens, Spruce... A ee ee, 90
Malouetia cestroides, Müll............ oia 90
destila, Mull. o. uA Eeer 104
tamaquarina, var. minor ò... pui Lala] 87
* var. Brasiliensis, A.DC....... 88
» 9» < >> Mü 0015144 90
A Een 10, 184
SURVOUlEDB, LANL, mis A SEGLE 184
Mandevilla subcarnosa, Benth. & Hook. ........ 231
Van Heurckii, Benth. & Hook............. 264
MENTOERRIL \ E JUBII DURE DUE vote 7, 28
nodosa ub. BINS 3:5 iis US. Ur ee 30
Vendi mob, PLOA ET 29
DESUIZADRITA Soe ey o utu 8, 31, 78
amplifolia, hob., PL 11 aiii cin P035 79

Page
MERIZADENIA

arcada, 96b. Vee EE 79

Snuxüho, rob... s ses. c $C OTRAS fs
Ste Shins EE 10, 229
A cae es 235
EE, 231
ett mobi EE 230
¡BO WDCL nob: 5.42 A O 232
ODO EE ee 233
Guayaquileusis, nob. 00:00: APA 233
Giianonsis, nob. o; KA A R EE Se 235
de 424577 299
hala nobis EE 234
bula, 100: ` coc Bis t 2 34 EE 234
JOAO nob... r DX ES 235
eege is llo E 230
lineanfolin, mob. ee Cee LN 230
myrtifolia, Aalt, Pl.334...::.:. 20.2... 232
ALEC MOD 4 8 TIEN meee 234
FOPONG; 1300. «22.9 EE 229
FORCA; NODS ï < > > ó < Ds L LE TEE eee 232
EE 231
torulosa, nob. ........ AI e er 229
Moscohites brevipes, Mal, . ; 32 2000991 0055 224
Japura, Mallo. EE 205
aphúrea Mill. ooo EN A 201
rafida; Mill: (in parte) on AIRIS 202
MEDRADENIÁA Ee eh AS 9, 158
BEER NOD: ooo 162
atroviolacòa; nob. < `... RS TN 159
$ var. ovata, nob. ........ 7 350
vrassioda, 4. DO., Pl; 935.5. RS 158
fragrana, 495... 0... E 162
hirsutula, nob, eee EDO: 160
Marüana, 4; DO. 53.0.20 0090050222775 161
Monosndians, A. DO. - ss Melo eS 162
nodulosa, nob... ... vus AO AE 159
Riodolii, nob. . E04 M PI 160
O E sul cs bec LR SE SÈ 161
splendens, di DO: ee TIT 163
urophylla nob. oaas res cos 422000 9 00 E23 161
A n ans PM PER 10, 217
Blanchetii, nob. (912: DEPP eee 7220
brachystachyus, nob. e aer E 222
brevipes, 500, Be v EE 224
concinnus, nob. .......... so SALE, BOSS 223
Cuyabensis, nob.. ue r i SOLS 223
discolor, Nob. csn es vers BMI IY . 224
exilis; náb. PLS1 E 218
funiformis, nob. ......... 92 21, 989021705 219

INDEX. 287
Page Page
Mrrozus Parsonsia spicata, R. Br, ee ee AVR 95
gracilipes, nob. ho creia, xo è ¿CEIBA 220 Redit 25 EE 10, 182
Guanabancus, nob. ......... ESE 218 stipellaris, nob., PL 98 £ CA 183
Jamaicensis, nob. ........ Lee HAN 225 Periploca (Nerium) oblongo-cordata, Plum. ...... 193
leptophyllus, nob. ........ ENEE SE 221 scandens, Miller uv E, A 122
MOXICADDS, nob.. o. ss. sen sis OM ANH 225 BESCHTRRA o ic 8, 31, 32
microphyllus, nob.. .. 2.142 EN ep 219 acuminata, nob. Nee SUR NI: 43
ER EE 222 affinis, nob... isisa coco E AS NN 40
seabridulus, NOD. 77. oro. PA CE 224 albidiflora, Hob.-...... +: : ape 500888 39
symphytocarpus, nob... >. ses e ERAS 223 australis, nob, an yor b PREX Aeg 46
tenellus; 50b... 7... ....... LRL EE 220 blanda, mb. c 2 254462 46653453, PME VES 44
terxiürenulis, nob. E o EEN 291 breviflora; mob. =... iios cere UP 45
VePBICOlOE, NOD: NEE 221 Oatharinensis, nob.. s>: sas 20 POR HECHOS 41
concinna, nob... iis isc s co Ea APO 44
Neriandra angustifolia, A. D. 109 cuspidata, nob, ; 6. ssi ee SER PEDEM 37
hancorniefolia, A. D... 109 diversifolia, Mig. ...... 256200 AOS 39
Havanensis, Müll............2. PEA 110 echinata, 4. DÉI -icri aiis. PATO 33
Martiana; Mull, ........ EA 110 fallax, nob... ¿coco NERO, 40
DIOR, ADOS o EA 111 florida; Rob... 84S S AA AFER 41
Nerium lanceolatum, Plum. .................. 230 fachsitsfolia, nob., Pl. 6 aces LV 34
Oleander, Lun. (in parte) -ressesie ARS 113 Gaudichaudii, nob. . ......... 909342 SOE 40
sarmentosum (2), P. Browne .............. IM gracillima; NOD... 4... ceeds OD 41
» (4), PU Browne #. 200.2 UAA D BRU 232 granulosa, nob, >. VRAI G EE VEN: 37
caule volulih, Plum. i oeeo e 55 A 237 heterophylla, nob. --. VES LOIRA 38
; Hilariana, nob. ee IL M te 41
ODONTADENTA e sao A 8, 126 hystrix, A; DO. £58 2.203), 209 A 33
formosa, nob. ¿cn POU POE IQ 127 ER A Sn Cee 35
grandiflora, nob., Pl. 16... apa 127 lingulata,-nob, "eer PRA IAS 42
E nb E 8 S Re 128 Link mobs icis coe cores BEER 47
Bpeciosa, Benth. d e ob den d vee AR 126 litoralis nob... HA A PE 45
Odontadenia, sp., Benth. vi. 176 lorifera, nob. ici PEA UM OT
angustifolia, A. DO. cios B AMORE 220 Dandy; hob EE EE 36
EL RE 177 minliiflora, Spruce... 0. oso MEES 45
NO MBE ` < 12715 82214 177 muricata, A DO en leue PPB PIER 34 `
geminata, Müll. (in parte) ............... 178 ochracea, nob... scere. poe ACE 42
grandiflora, Mig... idiei a Se LUI 127 preclara, NOD. «conan PRIN TUER 47
hypoglauca, Müll. ........ «ii 173 psychotrisefolia, nob. 1.2... SE SE 42
E Müll. (in parte). Ja Ln KOT 174 puberiflora, 10D... ono o es 43
linda, Mull. +... EE 123 Salzmanni, nob. ........ EE 40
md. Mall A ect st AA dUVU TUI 171 Solandri mob... oia EE 46
Poppigts, Mul. o... +... > Vis eS 179 Solanifolia; N05. .....— deus e EE 46
speciosa, Griseb. (non Benth.) ............ 128 A ss od 36
3 Müll. (non Benth.) .............. 127 stenoloba, nób. cio 294 ht or PEE 38
sgivesiris, MWE oo oso. DUETS 174 tenuiflora, Popp. ¿iia Lr PERETI 38
5 » - (in parto)... EVA EEE 177 ümbros&, nob., EE O 44
Odontostigma Galeottiana, Rich. .............. 76 Peschiera albiflora, E 204
latiflora, Benth... s< dF O. 50
Parsonsia bracteata, Hook. & Arn. ............ 253 muricata, Benth. (non A. DC.) ............ 72
floribunda, R. Br. ....oooooooooooooooo... 243 PéinsocARPUS 0. O VLLL. 8,31, 71
leptocarpa, Hook. & Arn. .......... sess 254 plas, nob, PL 9a o... et Po DOS 72

288. INDEX
Page Page
odor PCR 2 2. 5 E UE 7, 26 Rhabdadenia Wrightiana, Müll. .............. 181
BABERE ud sc EVO c Y ce 8,18 eg . ie e USES 9, 151
Swartziana, nob., PL 1D .............. ite 19 A o Aa. recited edunt 153
E E rd ee cos tomen X 9, 143 ooalitus, mobi .............3 uv o os rd 152
Babiensis, Müll... ........ Ut eI es 147 didymus, nob, .. v... s. á c< < dii, ot code 152
ION > oe D 146 MOL Mobi 32; on E 152
Commonsi, mob. ono. oda ce RS 148 odoriferus, nob., PL 21.4 iu... 151
Sarita, BR e Ror: dalle 145 a A ee ants EURO 9, 138
ko Mul... O 147 Calyoosus, nob. -ooe n Aon anaa 140
pomeltoha, ADO. AN des ntt 145 cinereus, Hobe; 3720, Jon NA 141
Ra Mob, c M e TE 149 a A Ee . eon 141
lanata; MTL... ¿oc o moli iuo 147 erassifolius, nob., PL.20A ................ 139
latafolia, Benth... 2... 2... air 145 CTARSIDOS, MOD... uy a, ue BOLE RE 140
latescons, Mall, ...... c. 55... ee ney 147 aunelfolits, MOD: OU PES E 142
megalaption, nob. ............. chew abi aan 149 hypoleuca, nob. ..... (. J, cedi vea 140
mollis, H. B. Mes. os COME: beet 148 lanuginosus, nob. .....00. & oboe oian 139
Seamanni, nob. .......... 28 c Mae 146 orata 10D... <<<... ORI esses 141
Surinamensis, MW. 7, 3 id enis 147 rotundifolius, Müll. ...........0o...ooo..- 138
tamentem, X. Br, PL 20 8 O... don. obe 144 NOVO NOD. 1. cs O b. nèni du 139
Prestonia annularis, Q. Don ...........c osei 216 Tweedianus, nob. "el, dende 142
Ririiia, Spreng... e >.. adada riui tres 198 RHIGOSPIRA (.......... (968-09 pied oed 8, 31, 67
Mexicana, A. DC. ........ en amicum 225 paucifolia, nob.: omic 69
Peruana, A oso chuco reines 196 quadrangularis, noby Pl. 104 ............ 68
quinquangularis, Spreng. ........ seii ue 217 Felaculata, nob. >.. eu occid e Tus 69
sericon; M. & Gal. .......... iae add 241 SORA Obe oo A PRE A 70
tomentosa, Seem. (non R. Br.) ............ 146 LUCO) MOB: cu... 5... eee 70
a A E GE 9, 166 ternstrœmiacea, nob. .......... don Hewat 71
Fendler 100.0605 2... l dourmien 168 vennlosa, MOD... ¿AR HE. de cedere 68
WWMM BOL o Carin 167 OMIA CENA cs ee, ET 8, 107
pubescens, Mell., Pl. 94 5.......... es 166 cestroides, A. DO., P]. 125. . iini- ascites 107
VONOM NID. oos lo e: Pi 167 gossipina, nob., PL 12»... 10. ences 108
macrocarpa, ob. .....:. DNE 4 ee 108
RA RAR o sais ca 8, 118 Rowpiem (tribo). os. ¿A Lie 8

barbata, nob, Zeie ooo. OL ds etter 123

Torn; EE EE 121 BECONDATIA 2.4... coo (tutt en oM Lose 10, 225
campestris, nob. ......... Cossus eism 121 densiflora, A; DO, PL 32.00% 0 Ses 226
cordate, Mob. ciao tando ote 122 fertuginea, nbd... et dia UBN. is 227
IA Mo oes dass 120 floribunda, A. DO ue ne iN EE 227
incida, Mobic fe als 123 fohom, A: DO oc ee 227.
macrostoma, Mill er bs bee kos r vie petal 123 Peruvians, Topp: vey ME om 228
madida, nob. <... ook so ¿ines timado 121 Schhimidna, Müll. 0 ci E ta 227
nervosa, nob. ........ vll. errr 122 Secondatia arborea, Müll. cs Twop ii anin 89
paludosa, 306, PR 154 ...... diii ol 119 difformis, Bih. & Book. 3 ie? ui ees 99
Pohlu, Mill oii. se eae oos 119 SERTARIHUS E ee IA ces 8, 109
Rhabdadenia Berterii, Müll. .................. 180 doutus Mejor... oder 20. ge a 109
Cuba, Müll. o E ca Sie ps 181 hancornimfolius, nob, ioii san gA oD nee 109
Ehrenbergis, Müll. ......... 2621 a he 121 Haron MOD. 1 o o ooo 5s a 3; 10
Landentana, Müll; 25. 7. ojos Vid a 180 Martianus, mob. 154.3 30511 nines s 110
3 var. angustifolia, Müll. JS RAS 180 Skytalanthus acutus, Schauer ................ 109
Sagres, Mull........... 9. 09. Avr eto 180 BrENMADENRA |... ose 01h do 8, 31, 74

INDEX. 289
Page Page
STEMMADENTA Tabernemontana Benthaminina (bis), Müll....... 73
balla, nob. au get dE ee e e rias 77 bracteolaris, Müll. ....... osa suerte 33
bignonimflora, 505......... . ov eiie veda D calyoina, Sproti 12. cc DU K ¿poes 73
Galeottiana, nob. ............ dia ad 76 Catharinensis, Müll. ........ 1316 a 41
glabra, Benth, L.c... coco Ia 74 cestroides, Nees & Mart. SEN EN 107
grondiflora, EE A add 75 collina, Gardn. ve Au o awe. ideas 34
insignis, hoba Pl. 10 B. . E ee ld 76 congesta, Benth. .......... ALS deer Ai 65
mollis; Benth cc... eee ales elias 75 cymosa, Boland (non Jacq.) .............. 46
UE 75 » ; ` Mart; (non Jaog.).. 1. 84
Stemmadenia Guatemalensis, Müll. ............ 93 echinata, Aubl, io... E 8109608 33
QUIPECOMA le oo o hd Aia 9, 132 ».. Vell. (non Aubl) .... cpt. sas 33
macrocalyx, nob. disa]. ooedanes ovis 136 Jalam; Müll cio. LA 40
Mucronata; ob. <.>... -e diia ox Vsus 135 fasciculata, Poir. .c......... ab ak LE adsoas 100
ovata; nob, PL 10 ....... 00064 mais 137 flavescens, R. & Boh. `. DON unir cule 82
ere 137 Jlavicans, R. & Bob. ....... ¿ud avoar 82
peltata sob. - ecc oed ue tad 134 $ Müll, (nón: E. & Beh’) sia... 2%, 50
peltigera, Milli c... L..14 An dd 133 frutescens, Blodiió 1. Eet 54
Phcata 905. oi Mab toes 134 p P. Brown (non Sloane).......... 57
puichra, nob, PL 18 load 135 Suchsiafolid, A. DO. c... de uut 34
BOGO NOD: CES. eg 136 AA ADU. eege, e odori 40
STRHMPELIOPSIB. ENNER RT 7; 26 glabrata; Mert. o... OE Le IS 81
Cubensis, Benth. $ Hook. ................ 26 gracilis, Benth. cams E PIDA 87
» . Müll. (non Bonth)... Hiu aa 41
DURA: E 5 he BM 8, 31, 61 grandiflora, Jasq. ............. MI, ÓN 75
oymosa, nob., PL 8A..........06an EE 62 Guyanensis, Müll, een 2421. Eege 51
discolor, nob. een «kc its MIPS 62 heterophylla, Vahl... ...... 000. SUN SONGS 38
disparifolia, nob... 5. Ape 40884) 63 3, Benth. (non Vahl) .......... 39
disticha, nob, 6825 cos a dag Quas 64 Erilariana, Müll. ....... LM Aeros eee 41
laurmiü, nob. .... E 63 hirtula, Mart. . 0. Gdl ow 67.
Woppigi, WOO... elo EECH 63 hystrix, Stend.. -verani e ole reo 33
Bugdelu; nob. 22. EEN 64 jasminoides, H. B. Kile! titten 92
EABBRNAMONTANA 0 marca anio ANS TIOS 8, 53 lactiflua, Benth..... gall. au) ee 88
Acspulcensia, nob. ................... cdam AO 57 lota, A. DO. cc. o doniyik TUD, t 35
albas Miller” no... 998 AOS 56 »» Mart. (non ADM EES, 35
amygdalewfolia, Jacq. ...........«...... 56 » var. puberifiora, Müll. ....... ió 41
Berlen, 4. DO... .. xB MT dor. deos . 58 levigata, Mart, coco comics 000 RUBIA 82
citrifolia, Phim- PL Tà... ba west ees 54 lovis; E 84
lanceolata, Linn., Pl. 7B. tege 55 laurifolia, Ker (non Linn.) .............. 63
Jautilolia, Zann... co. ios kom, ënn 57 5 Schott (non Ker nec Linn.) .... 76
nemifolia, Vahl geet 55 Landa, A. DO. oiii nia a ORAR 7
occidentalis, mob... ==. ¿a od 58 litoralis, HBE. coc. > ORI 45
EE 58 longifolia, Benth. .......-...-. «OA 66
Tabernemontana acuminata, Müll. ............ 43 Lrndii, A DO.. co coro aro o oo e II 36
doutissima, Mull ......o. Aten Hes 66 macrocalyx (odontadenia), Müll. .......... 73
affinis, MOL... see. 0 01522. Rn 40 macrophylla, Poir. rs AA 79, 96
amygdaliefolia, Seem (non Jacq.).......-.- 57 » Müll. (non Poir.) ...:92 57754. 72
angulata, Mart. ........... 0630 ...“e 65 Meyeri, Q. Don EEN 80
arcuata, R. & P.o... ee PORN 79 multiflora, R. & Sch. ........ esses 47
australes, MIL... +: AA 46 muricata, Müll. (non R. € Sch.)............ 42
Benthaminina, Müll. .............. 0s 45 muricata, B. de Sch... <C AOI 34

2P

290 INDEX.

Page Page

Tabernemontana oblongifolia, A.DC. .......... 50 TEMNADENIA
othrdten, Braco.. sose saso PAE ARERR 42 semidigyna, nob. ........ para se. VOM ed 213
DAG Vahl- =... 2.2 cè r (OE DAA T solanifoba, nob. oos oseo ADE 214
abwatea, Matt, ¿cc ¿oO 52 stelláris, NODS... Ne e e ev 402 2889 0 PQABE 210
pürviflora, Poit... . mw Does IDA 100 tentticula, nob. e dere er capes SITUE 216
paucifolia, Nprace........... 53834 CIAS 69 tomentosa, nob... us ve «eor ART. AES 213
Fo A.DO. ......... 100. PEAS 51 violacea, nob., Pl. 80. ...8.01 ,44 , 59 Sas 208
populifolia, Poir. {ph ways DARI os 99 xanthostoma,n0b.....-- 20.50 ERAAI 212
psychotruefohia, H. B. Rain Lio rees 42 TRENARI E 10, 242
Batata, BDO: io noe caro hp. nies 40 floribunda,.H. BAJE 2644501903 tD) DEA pueda
vopard, Bagot... (iud. ves) ls lomo 80 gaaveolens, M. d. Gal. esee D 249
Nola AS DO. =. coo dE. Son 69 Thenardia corymbosa, Benth. ........... 62.54. 98
paria, H. B.K. uerge 407 DIN 91 laurifolia, Benth. ............... 098 259401244 94
rubro-striolata, Müll..... DADA 6023 65 umbellata, Spreng... e E LL lg eiue 98
rigoicola, Benth........- -d 4.8. asas: 52 TUDIVRETÀ N 25 ASA A e 6, 20
A var. Syrücei, Müll... OR, ons 53 abona A DOS PL da ocn 98 Uie 20
s var. oblongifolia, Müll. .......... 53 calaphylla, nab., Pl. La. Pus ii 20
Salemanni; As DO ar. oo 40 ia TER een oo PN EN 21
Moro BR. € PC 1. ENT A eene ug 78 plumeritola, Benth...... 31.34. Ann. 2224 20
epee, THE = oou MA. AS OS 104 Danda S E EE E0109 9, 22
SUO, A, DU. .......... BEE oes 46 bicolor, aah, 25
Sphaiuma; MIND. teren SIA 36 decipiens, nab.. -aA h ESA, BINOS 23
Spruce Mall: arl noth aos) HO uu. 70 anms Mba MN m 25
stnoloba, Mull... ul. pondra 38 aod y T CS TER =. 24
subcordata, bin... -~ AM. 21255406 193 parvifolia; nob. ue 0... E 25
submollis, Marb... < A adas 67 polyneura, nod... > L V èc è eè v. acr DAD 24
tenuifiora, MulkLtioX sor damt. o ees: 38 Riodelii nih.. iawa -oiin onn Ace RE 26
ternstromiacea, Müll. ~x.. H. agibit 71 ll 24
ATEO, Mi BD o HS laa 92 Hessiliñiora, nab, PL 8B... ns eR 23
wnbrot HE E. < 122 a sedo 44 dE 8, 93
undulata, Meyer (non Vahl) .............. 80 EE 98
À Vahl (non Negi. Aën web tdas 48 üdenobasig, NOD... oasis EE E 96
po Wutfechlagett, Griseb. et . oix 81 affinis, 40b... ev Ni uino ona 101
TABERNAMONTANES (tribe) K]. d sour Jasik. 8, 31 Aubletianns, nob. ..................:..... 9M unCi 98
TEMNADENXIA os EE. eines dax 10, 207 Bonthaminnes, eer, pilo ss endis 95
aula citados <. 1. css RIA Cows 216 bractentus, nob, PL. 133 ........OfX da ooo 102
Auri NIE 1 o EE ow 208 Brasiionsts, A00. |... E amd. sola 103
GE e aid o I a 212 corymbiferus, nob, -a TIT. pa viet 98
eorrugulata, nob... o k eee 3306 ih s 215 eorymbosus, Aob... O pal OF
Franois noh Vio usse MTM vada 212 "Bé crobrifloras, nob.. ........... 369. all diive 105
glaucdscens; nob, ...........-.» E aa 214 A A. 99
Tasiocarpas de Le Eech 210 diospyrifolius, bu ..............stb. eiu 96
Jeptolaba, 100... ooo E 211 embelioides, A. DORA amino aia 106
Lobbiana; nob., E UE es 209 faseiculatas, nob. ..........Hulf ouo vane 100
pallidiflora, nob........... eds 211 Garen A DO, — s.s. DOE aA 96
palustris, nob... 12151 aach 1 BE S EZ: 213 glabrescens, nobosL vimos dott coun 102
purvitlora; nob; =;.........; . 7. eel. ceed 215 gabs Benth... ... EE Sau 99
quinquangularis, nob. .. ... sisa V. E sacs 217 Guüyanengs, mob... E «¿hd H rars 97
Riedelii, nob. ¿21 A es LIBRE: ee 216 laurifolius, nob. ........ e ias 94
secundiflora, e A 211 Lusolinatii, nob. s... GREE odds 106

Page

THYRSANTHUS
macrophyHas 905... 1 ess ak ea 96
meridionabs ROD. o. is B 106
EE 103
ER MO ee 105
EE EE 100
Duoms A DO- 9-2 da RS 106
pd E 101
DUDUBMOBUS NOUR. © fk es cR. 99
PUVSSCONS, NIE 75. oro CX S EE 101
a A e 100
A EE 104
tel to LS. DÉI
EE 104
Beata NOR. ao oet s ER 95
Thyrsanthus corylifolius, Griseb. .............. 150
EE o 86
EE NN ME 8, 124
ER 0. cos SESS 125
Karwinski, Müll.« ees 125

INDEX. 291

Page

URECHITES
suberoota; Mul... EE Las 125
Drechites barbata; Mula: o 25 194375 123
Jejari; Mil. o eae 254
Jamaicensis, GABO. -o s III D 112
EE 111
Valléna Velon, Biod. o... e E 2 83
Vinoa stermutatoria, Popp... ia icr 115
Wheeleria alternifolia, Soland. ................ 85
oppositifolia, Boland; EE 103
ZBUHUEKRA 4.08. EE 6, 15
arboresoens, Mull, p.s. co 494 15
flümbundu Mul, 5" oL E 15
gracilis; Mil oo, seas ees se 15
Guianeng, Mull. ...... 32 0 20005 15
ELE EE Pep es & 10
BOUNDED AERE =; 7... EE 15
ramoBisemi, MUU. =. EE A DUM UR 15

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