FOREST FLORA BRITISH BURMA. KURZ. oe ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS, CALCUTTA. _—abised by onder of the € CONTENTS. Species (of all polypetalous orders) . 8 AND CORRECTIONS PREFACE. (PoE chief object of the present work has been to arrange and describe the woody plants of British Burma, and in so doing to furnish a means by which the forester in Pegu might be enabled to name his trees and shrubs, and thus be placed in a position to work up the more practical questions and bearings which naturally can only be supplied by those employed in the Forest Department itself. Those acquainted with the primitive state of Burn will never expect an. exhaustive treatise on the woody vegetation of that country. Indeed, I can offer but a very incomplete account of its Forest Flora. The num- ber of woody plants here described amounts only to about 2,000 species, while the herbaceous vegetation exceeds 2,500, or four woody plants to five herbs—a -yather anomalous proportion as compared with other tropical countries similarly circumstanced, which show a decided preponderance of woody over herbaceous plants, vig., one and a half to three of the former to one of the latter. This forcibly demonstrates how many woody _ plants must still remain to be detected. - vi PREFACE. I have followed the arrangement and style of de- scription adopted by Bentham in his Colonial Floras of Hong-Kong and Australia. I believe that his mode of treatment of the subject is the one best adapted for use in this country, not only for the public in general but equally so for the practical man. Those not versed in systematical work will always experience more or less difficulty in naming a plant from a book alone; for it is patient study and practice which alone can instil that tact in discriminating between essential and accidental characters which is indispensable in all systematic work. The analytical keys of the genera as well as of the species have therefore been worked out more carefully. These are more likely to exhibit the differences to the unini- tiated than descriptions, which serve more for final veri- fication and identification. Owing to the great number of species which had to be described, the work has run. to two volumes, instead of one volume only as originally intended. To have disposed of the shrubs and trees of minor importance by using some more or less happy descriptive phrase for, or by simply alluding to, them, appeared to me likely todo more harm than good. : The synonymy and citations in this work are restrict- ed to Indian Forest Literature (viz., Beddome’s Flora Sylvatica of Madras, and Brandis’ and Stewart’s Forest Flora of North-West and Central India), and to the Flora of British India edited by Sir J. D. Hooker (of which work only four parts have as yet been issued). Those interested in synonymy, or those who wish for more scientific Gate regarding the Burmese Flora, may SE a a aN a i ie ean k : is Oe Pee oe nee Se SS Seem REE Re Pence Pee PREFACE, Vii consult my Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora, in the course of publication by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.’ As to the vexed question of nomenclature, I confess myself an admirer of, and adherent to, the Botanical Laws as laid down by the International Botanical Congress at Paris in the year 1867, and published by Professor Alph. de Candolle. These are translated into nearly all modern languages, and are now generally adopted in Europe, exceptat Kew. However, I have deviated in several cases in favour of Hooker’s Indian Flora, or kept up old estab- lished names, not because I assent to such irregularities, but simply because I thought it not fair that I, a Ger- man, should introduce my individual convictions into a practical work written solely for the use of English people. In my Contributions above referred to, I have endea- voured to follow strictly the path of law and logic. The botanical terms used are those generally in vogue, but I have preferred (so far as my limited ac- quaintance with the English language has allowed me to do so) to use English terms in preference to anglicised Latin ones. A new term (czé) is introduced here and re- quires explanation. It is well known that Indians con- tinually use their wood-cutting knives (dah, parang, or whatever name the various peoples give to them) for cutting into the bark and sap-wood of trees. By so doing they recognise the species in the depths of the forests, by a combined observation of the nature and colour of the bark or the wood and of the juice or milk that exudes 1 Four parts have passed through the Eas me three or four more parts will conclude the work so far as the phanerogams a rned. Vill PREFACE, from it, ete. At the same time, they are usually also aided by the general appearance of the crown, the complexness or simpleness of the leaves, and the colour of the leaf-buds. I had to reduce, also, the remarks on the uses, etc., to a minimum, by usually recording only uses of primary and recognised importance, omitting, as a rule, all such petty qualities as natives alone take advantage of in their medicines, food, ete. Dr. Brandis’ Forest Flora will furnish in this respect a great amount of information, more especially as he has taken up also most of the more important Burmese trees. The Rev. Dr. F’. Mason’s book entitled Burmah, its people and natural productions (Rangoon 1860), is in the hands of most residents in Burma, and I understand that another edition of it will be issued. It also contains a large amount of ~ useful practical information. As to the vernacular names, I have already given my opinion in Appendix A of my preliminary report ; and I have here only to remark that I have taken up in this work only such Burmese names as appeared to me tolerably trustworthy. The area of Burma adopted for the present Forest Flora extends from Chittagong, Prome, and Martaban down to Tenasserim (Pakchan river) and the Andamans. The woody plants of the adjoining provinces of Siam and of Independent Burma have also been included for the reason that most of them will be found within the Bri- tish frontier. A brief introductory, and explanations of the abbre- viations adopted in the Flora, will serve for the proper ‘ re i ee iia * Pee esa e i ini Re 2 ee Oe ae ae Te eee, a ee ee ee Se ee ee er yy ete a gS a ae eee re ess See PREFACE. ix understanding of the physical and geographical relations recorded under each species. In conclusion, I have to express my sincere thanks to all who have in any way supported me in my work; and I beg also to offer my cordial thanks to the Govern- ment of India for the uniform courtesy and forbearance I have experienced at their hands while ony upon this work. ABBREVIATIONS. 1. Abbreviations relating to size, etc., of a tree. The height, length of clear stem, and girth are included between parentheses, 120+ ee 10—12) = = 100—120 ft. high, the clear stem 80 — 90 ft. a (100— long, and girth 10 2, Abbreviations relating to soil and substratum. ss. = ya ngage or soil. Sal. = Ayes Al. = Dil. = ita or older alluvium gen- erally, Lat. = Laterite. Lat. p. = permea te. - Aren. = Arenaceous, including sands and and all the pebbly and onadly soils. All sands along the coasts (beach forests) in this work ar calcareous ; those ee are ek osed to be szliciou. Arg. = Stiff imperm nese clays, ete. Sis = perm Svea pag sandstone, CaS. = Calcareous sandstone, Ca. EP setae Metam. = ineludes all other rocks, whether plutonic or metamorphic. 3. Abbreviations relating to light. s. = shade-loving. 1. =light-loving. 8X ]. = indifferent. s+l.=shade in R.S., light i in HS. s:1= rr in youth, light + when full- Bro 4, Abbreviations relating to seasons and to the flowering, etc. get tn wate Fr Fruiting tim = Cold a H.S. = Hot season. D.S. = Dry season R.S. = Rainy season. : N. B.—The weight of a cubic foot (marked 0’) of seasoned wood is given in English pounds, and so is the breaking weight (break. w. or weight). ee TTR es) INTRODUCTORY. I wave given a general sketch of the vegetation of Pegu in my “Preliminary Report on the Forest and other Vegetation of Pegu” published! by the Government of India in 1876, and I now pro- ceed to give a summary of the forests in their relation to soil and climate as far as connected with practical forestry. urma, as a whole, forms the north-west corner of the Indo- Chinese or Further Indian region. Although extending from Lat. 11° to 25°, still by far the greatest portion of it is situated within the influence of the monsoons, and hence the seasons are divided into a rainy and dry season. The former commences about the end of May and breaks up about November, with a temperature ranging from 70-75° in the morning to 90-95° in the afternoon. The rain-fall varies greatly according to the provinces, as may be seen from the subjoined table :— Rain-fall in inches in ; Average Stations. of four 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. Akyab ‘ 208°70 | 187°16 | 17610 | 199°80 | 192°94 Kyouk-phyoo ,| 153-90 | 166-11 | 157-50 | 19310 | 167 65 Sandoway . : ‘ -| 253°15 | 191°50 | 217-93 | 229° 223°12 Bassein : ; j .| 13856 | 89:14] 87°54] 93°40 | 10216 Rangoon. , , . 14460 | 143- 144-00 Swayghyeen*. 187°50 | 18310 | 183-80 | 201-90 | 189°07 Myanoun 40 | 357 7413 | 73 Thayet-myo 5015 | 3320| 41°13 | 5460, 49°77 48°50 | 3400/| 46-2 47 Tounghoo 46:90 | 6453 | 10330 | 70°91 in 211-20 | 189°85 | 185°45 | 245°70 | 20805 Tavoy 193°70 | 190°55 | 185°60 | 229-90 | 199°30 178°40 | 165°00 | 147-70 | 16440 | 163°87 In the central parts of Ava the climate becomes drier, and rain is said to cease altogether about Paghan. f the Superintendent of Government Printing, No. 8, Hastings Street, = Office o: Caleutta. Price Bs. 10, X1V INTRODUCTORY, The dry season divides fats a or one from November to Feb- ruary, with a temperature of 57-60° in the morning to 85-88° in the afternoon, with a minimum of 52- ‘54° ; and a hot one commencing towards the end of February and continuing to the middle or end of May, showing a temperature of 70-74° in the morning to 95-100° in the afternoon e maxima observed range from 104-106°, while the minima go ‘down as far as 69° Fahrenheit. Rain is ‘scanty during the whole dry season, being restricted to one or a few showers, which usually occur in March, but heavy dew in the cold and haze in the hot season act beneficially upon vegetation generally. . The greater part of the country is hilly or mountainous, and thus favourable to the existence of forests, which therefore cover the whole of the terrain except where the axe of the native has destroyed them. In those extensive alluvial plains which are formed by the Irrawaddi, Sittang, and partially by the Salween and other rivers, the forests gradually give shin to extensive savanna which spread out along the rivers themselve The greater the difference of me acne, the greater is also the influence of exposure ; and thus we see in Burma the deep valleys and the shady slopes of the hills more as less covered with evergreen tropical —— while the more ep slopes and plains are studded with | dding forests. An exception form here the forests growing in swampy depressions sed the mangrove forests which occupy the sea coasts, The area of tropical evergreen forests (which form the bulk of vegetation between the tropics towards the equator) is greatest in the southern provinces, as in Tenasserim and the Andamans, but it becomes more and more restricted and circumscribed as we - proceed northwards, where these forests retreat jo jhe valleys and favourably exposed se of the hills, owing to the dryness and heat fore the hot On the other hand, the leaf-shedding forests become of bass iter and = more ¢ircumscribed south wards, until they disappear altogether or become restricted to cer- _ tain substrata, or still more Setuonily ihe leaf-shedding trees mix _ with the evergreens and form no more conspicuous forests for themselves. Socialism of trees of the same species is a characteristic. of the temperate zones and recurs partially in the higher regions of our Indian mountains, as is shown by the pine forests ; but in te ee zone this socialism of conspecific trees is ereatly re- There prevails a continuous struggle for supremacy between such a large number of different trees that one often becomes press bewildered. An evergreen tropical forest consisting of 200 to 300 species of trees alone to the square mile is almost the rule, and leaf-shedding forests (excepting the very poorest of a — are still composed of a eet number of trees than any ee ee ee ee ee ee ee INTRODUCTORY. xv forest in temperate Europe possesses. Indeed, were it not for the influence of such factors as moisture, light, and soil, the forest- masses of India would present an inextricable chaos. Climate and soil generally dictate the presence or absence of forests, “hile light, sloping, and the physical conditions regulate it; but it is moisture and certain substrata that bring about the ‘most striking changes within a climatologically identical area, more or less successfully expelling certain soil-steady trees, while allowing others more adapted, to grow up more vigorously in their fees 20° tion with not a small number of soil-vague trees. Thus formed the mangrove, eng, dry, and other forests which exhibit wach a characteristic aspect that they are generally recognised and known not only by the practical man but also by the native. e soft silicious ae of Coiingong Arracan, and the other sarap call into existence the capi of — ail pro- terity alee. other varieties of forest in Ava and Tenasserim. La- and the mangrove Sortate are those a lg one first beholds pie nearing land within the tropics, be it India, Australia, America, or Africa In ascending the hills we again meet with forests different from those in the plains, and these again are influenced by the degree of irate and by all those factors to which I have alluded to as egulators of vegetation in the plains. Here, at elevations from 3,00 000 to 3,500 feet, we enter the pine, oak, and other subtemperate forests, where rhododendra, violets, and other homely flowers greet e eye. I now pass on to the description ® : = varieties of forests represented in Burma. In doing so I have reduced the minor varieties established by me in my p sieieaes 5 port, and collected them into eight cipal divisions, half of which Shales to the class of evergreen an the other half to that of deciduous forests. An + xvi INTRODUCTORY. appendix treats cursorily also the bamboo jungles, savannahs and deserted toungyas, all these not being strictly forests. : A.—EVERGREEN Forests. I. Littoral forests. III. Tropical forests. II. Swamp forests. IV. Hill forests. B—Decinvous on Lear-sHeppine Forests. VII. Mixed forests. _ V. Open forests. VIII. Dune forests. VI. Dry forests. Appendia. 1. Bamboo jungles and savannahs. 2. Deserted toungyas or poonzohs. A—EVERGREEN FORESTS. The evergreen forests consist of trees which are green all the year round, although a few of them shed their leaves after a rtain number of years. In higher elevations of the Martaban and Tenasserim hills they beeome intermixed with winter-deciduous trees, but these latter are so scanty as not to affect the aspect. I. Lrrrorat Forrsts.—These are low-land forests growing on the silty alluvial lands bordering the sea. But they ascend also the rivers as far as the tidal waves. Salt water is the modifying agent of these forests, and they differ in their aspect according to the saltiness of their waters, as affected by the influx of fresh water fro e rivers or from rains. Along the sea itself, and often far extending into it, form MANGROVE FORESTS, consisting chiefly of rhizophors, such as pyoo (Rhizophora, Bruguiera, etc.), kambala (Sonneratia apetala), tamoo (Sonneratia acida and 8. Griffithii), - boo-tayat (Aegiceras corniculata), pmlay-kanazoo (Carapa obovata), and other smaller trees, like Kandelia Rheedei, Ceriops, Lumnitzera racemosa, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and sometimes Brownlowia lanceolata. e ground is muddy in the extreme, and more or less destitute of vegetation. Further inland, where the grounds are inundated only during spring-tides, these mangrove forests pass into the so-called TIDAL FoRESTS, in which most of the above-named trees ; -ben (Lxreecaria diandrum), kone-kathit (Erythrina ovalifolia), -chin-ya (Dal- eee 3 rete ee ight z rte abs steeper eye Non DRL dE ah ai " a rum) | ya d ‘a spinosa), ka-lwa (Cerbera odatlam), tha-nat (Cordia mya), INTRODUCTORY. xvi psamaga (Phenix paludosa), and several other less conspicuous ' trees. Shrubbery is much developed, of which may be worth mentioning kaya (Acanthus ilicifolius) , ee (Clero dendron inerme), kayoo (Pluchea Indica), tamazok S (@lookidion multiloculare), Aegialitis annulata, etc. These are sateen inter- twined by mee-kyoung-nway (Derris scandens), Derris pi tt myouk-gong-nyin (Derris sinuata), Acanthus volubilis, shway- nway-pan (Cassytha filiformis), asclepiads, such as Finla ge Sarcolobus, Hoya, ete., and some others. A fern (Aerostichum 4 ane | ees dense patches, and so do locally some coarse : chiefly Cyperus incurvatus and other species, pan-yin (Andropogon mriatn), Leptochloa Wightii, Eragrostis procera, Scirpus cage s, etc., along with a few herbs which spring up in more open eee Da-ne (ipa fruticans) and tha-kyet (Pandanus “fatidus) form locally dense bushes, especially the first named. I. Swamp Forests.—These are inland forests which occupy the low-lands and depressions of the alluvial plains. They are usually ngipes ? ¢ emecylom pine Fae bi gg 5 Hi Izora parviflora, ps Z. ne Gonocaryum Lobbianum, Dhay-lay-ben (Symplocos leucantha), species of Xylosma (probably X. longifolium) , yai-tha-byay (egale operculata), yagine (Hymenocardia Wallichii ond H. plicata), Morindopsis capillaris, Webera myrtifolia, rie Ripe (Barringtonit acutangula), Garcinia succifolia, and many s of shrubs, eli as erect, are found here, e. g., Casiects disticha, yay- kadat (Crateva hygrophila), Jasminum scandens, Gmelina Asiatica, — nga-phyoo (Pachygone odorifera and Roydsia obtussfolia) Spheno- desma grossum, a Tetracera, bambhe-nway (Ancistrocladus Grif- fithii), souw-pein-nway (Combretum trifoliatum, and C. tetragono- carpum), Derris elegans, eign , and scandens, soo-yit (Acacia pennata), ete. Herbage is scanty, but thin-pen or pin-pwa (Pesala dichotomum) is owls and so are in places za-yap (Lasia) and several kinds of sedge-grasses. Palms or bamboos © are absent. Orchids and ferns abound more or less on the trees. = III. Troricat Forrsts.—A characteristic dense mass of trees -_ eovers the shady valleys and shady slopes of the we hilly country, and indeed wherever shelter and perennial supply of fresh water allows a $e — Xvi INTRODUCTORY. their development. These forests are highly developed from Marta- : | ban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans; also the Arracan Yomah and the mountainous parts of Ava show a preponderance of tropical forest. But in the lower Chittagong hills, and all along the Pegu Yomah, they retreat to the deep valleys, while they are almost absent in the drier districts of Prome and Ava. The variety of trees in these forests is so great as not to allow me to draw up a _parallelonewra, hmya-sait (Antiaris toxicaria), htaip-kouk-pen albescens), Marlea, Stereospermum fimbriatum, kyo-ben (Vitex pedun- eularis), yuay-kyee (Adenanther toona) , no Lagerstremia calyculata), zoung-ka (Lagerstr. villosa), \aiza (Lagerstr. tomentosa), thayet. (Mangifer ), nyoung-kyap (Ficus obtusifolia), nyoung-chin (Ficus tmfectoria), uyoung-peing-nai (Ficus nervosa), tha-hpan (Ficus glomerata), ially along choungs, than-that (Adsizzia lucida tanyeng (Pithecolobium angulatum), thit-nee itukea Dysoxyton and other Meliacee, Diplospora singularis, yay-hmyot Trewia nudiflora), yue-woon (Hibiscus macrophyllus), sha-wa Sterculia ornata), Elaocarpus, etc. A host of small trees vegetate nder the shade of these trees, but I can mention only a few of hem, such as nagyee (Pterospermum, 2-3 species) A madaw (Garcinia pubescens, nalingyo (Cinnamomum), several kinds of ongtone (Tetranthera), numerous other Lawrinea, Karloh Hodae. carpus heterophylius), myouk-oksheet (Siphonodon celastrinus). kana 800: (Baccaurea sapida), Micromelum pub 2 e! 7. \ 3 Vvue : J? : tonk-shajma (Taengecs ube \ 4 aT pent INTRODUCTORY. xix pomifera), sa-kue (Webera — Aglaia, 4 na rege Mesa ramentacea, se-than-ya (Gelonium multiflorum), gyeng-m oke (Ardisia humilis and A. anceps), numerous fig tzoi , like sin- tha-hpan (ieus regia and F. Roxburghii), kway-tanyin '(Millettia atropurpurea), yay-kathit (Hrythrina lithosperma) along open choungs, HLugenia formosa and numerous other species, Memecylon celastrinum, thit-sap (Aporosa villosula), Cupania, pean - canthus, Sumbavia macrophylla, Cleidion Javanicum, toung-h an (Macaranga gummiflua), le-loon-ben (Hxcecaria baccata) , hits elai (Castanea Javanica), Cyathocalyx elcome: toung-tha-lai (Garcinia kydia), Garcinia cornea, tha-nat-taw (Garcinia hete- randra), tseik-chay (Pancovia rubiginosa), serene 2 tha-nat-kha (Murraya — » Picrasma Javaniea, yo-dayah (Ochna ssa: Heynea trijuga, Hvonymus, several species of Diospyros, e. g., D. oleifolia, variegata, etc., kyet-mouk (Nephelium pola Tnnociera eat Kimbalien (Antidesma pubescens, etc.), k tha (B a racemosa and B. pterocarpa), Vitex ‘heteroplgita several nu ae like za-deip-hpo (Myristica PG et thit-tan (Myristica eee Myristica Irya, Lepisanthes Burmanica, ete. ae ume r trees occur in this sort of sere on the Andamans, which are not found or are very rare on the continent, like kappalee- thit (Mimusops lUittoralis), restricted to the coasts, Hemicycha Andamanica, Dipterocarpus Griffithii, gangaw or yk sore Jerrea), Terminalia procera, Lagerstremia hypoleuca, paga-nyet-soo —_— tomentosa) , Dracontometon sylvestre, pan-ta- ka (Calophyllum ile), Fagrea racemosa, Pandanus Andamanensium, ete. on | forests which grow on metamorphic rocks ra richest in species, while those occurring on the soft sandstone and other sedimentary Moke are poorest in ae respect. The shrubby * vegetation is densest along open water-courses, in cleared spots and along the outskirts of the forest, and often disappears entirely in the © depth of the dark interior. It consists of such a large variety that I cannot undertake to sum up the species. Not a few of them are very powerful climbers, ascending into the crowns of the loftiest trees an th hem ir n , Or creep- ee a ing from tree to tree. Amongst th lim I ] rattans like yamata (Calamus lati ifolius), yamata-khyeing praia : paradoxus), Calamus tigrinus, etc., and also a bamboo called wa-nway -- (Dinochloa Maclellandii ; on the Andamans replaced pes Anda- ieuous a = REE % * manica). Bamboo often forms a cons nspie | of — era (Gigantochloa macrostachya), waya 'tidrdesknnns! hus), kyattoun-wa (Bambusa polymorpha) and wa-tha-bwot [Pwnieneiias Helferi) ; the gigantic wabo or kyellowa (Bam- ——— busa Brandisii) ees Palms a: are dispersed forest, but sometimes form impenctble thickets, anak toung-ong (dren, ga sacchari= se oom she Xx INTRODUCTORY. Jfera), kwam-thi (1 or 2 species of Areca), yingan (Zalacca Walli- chit), minbo (Caryota sobolifera), tsaloo ben (Licuala peltata), and more especially dhanoung (Calamus arborescens) and theing (Calamus erectus). Ferns of various sorts and Scitaminee@ and numerous other herbs, but hardly any grasses, mat the ground in places where the jungle is not too dark. In some tracts, especially in the larger valleys of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, tropical and mixed forest become to a certain degree fused, and form a more open but high-grown forest. Owing to the free access of light, the ground becomes here overrun with Acanthacea, Clerodendron, kadoo (Blumea), and other composite, kat- say-nai (Szda),—in short, with such herbage as we find again in the lower mixed forests. This sort of forest, which I distinguished as OPEN TROPICAL FOREST, is merely a slight variety of the tropical a numerous small trees peculiar to this region soil-clothing, too, is different from that below. On the other hand many numerously represented in the hot low-lands disappear now al ner me very scarce. = rincipally mem- 1. Damp hill forests, already treated above. 2. Drier hill forests. a Ce ee ee ee a ee . a ak i oe A a SESS we i co ecg Sain Lae a alle i ll es : : 3 _ quite dwarfed and red INTRODUCTORY. XX1 Further study of the hill forests may likely cause a further sub-division, but for the present purpose I may restrict them to these three varieties only. These drier hillforests form the nearest approach to the tem- perate forests of our northern zone, and many an old acquaintance ~ (although specifically different) is met with in them. The trees are for the greatest part still evergreens, in which respect they differ greatly from the true temperate forests (which occur also on the higher Alps of India, as on the Himalaya, above 8,000 to 9,000 feet elevation). In aspect they agree with the forests found on the hills of Southern Europe, but are much more damp, and consist of a far greater variety of trees much clothed with epiphytical plants. The demarcation, however, of this kind of forest with the neigh- bouring damp hill forests, and of this last variety with the tropical Garcinia ano Pithecolobium montanum, bo-mai-za (Albizzia stipulata) ascended from below, Dillenia aurea, Wendlandia ligus- trina, a few araliaceous trees, chiefly Heptapleurum, ete. - ty and a climbing Plectocomia ascends up to 7,000 feet elevation. i a berry-bearing half-scandent kind the exposed slopes. One or two kinds of violet, too, are freque: ss 4 met with along choungs in the valleys. Epiphytes, orchids as well as ferns, Cyrtandracea, ete., interwoven with mosses and lichens, cloth the branches. — Along the more exposed ridges and unfavourably exposed slopes, these forests become quite stunted and the tree-stems gnarled, and — form then the variety called stUNTED HILL FORESTS. They form the upper limit of the hill forests in Burma, where (for example, below — the top of the Nattoung) the Arundinarias and Rhododendra become The PINE FORESTS are either quite or nearly free of leafed — : XXli INTRODUCTORY. trees, but the gullies and valleys that intersect them are usually more or less taken up by drier hill forests, or both pines and leafed trees are intermixed. They consist entirely of tinyoo (Pinus Kasya) and occupy the hilly parts of the Lushai country, Upper va, and Martaban. e lowest limit to which they descend is (I believe) about 3,500 feet. In Upper Tenasserim another pine makes its appearance, vz., Pinus Merkusw, which occurs chiefly on - the sandstone hills of the Thounggyeen in Upper Tenasserim and re-appears again on the hills of Sumatra. Forests of this pine are found at such low levels as 1,500 feet, and single trees are locally found at only 500 ft. elevation. B—DECIDUOUS OR LEAP-SHEDDING FORESTS. From a general point of view the deciduous forests divide into two large classes. The first one consists of trees which shed their leaves by the influence of cold, nae are therefore leafless during the winter or cold season. . But here again we have to distinguish between winter-deciduous trees, @. é., trees which grow in regions or zones where snow falls, and cold-season shedders, which are not subj to the influence of a severe winter cold, but, for some reason or kee shed their leaves after the rains instead at the beginning’ of the hot season. This latter sort of tree occurs also in Burma, but these are here very subordinately dispersed throuth the forests. The second principal class of decimals forests are composed of hot-season shedders, 7. ¢., trees that shed their leaves on account of the dryness and excessive summer heat. It is with this class of forest that the forester in Burma oe chiefly to do, for the most important timber trees are found in some of their varieties. ‘The variety of trees maps ibaa st a less than m the evergreen forests that it is more easy to master _ their constituents and to define their peculiarities. - V. Opzen Forzsts.—The open forests are restricted to the diluvium or older alluvium, and occur more es on the Martaban hills. Those growing on stiff clay and loam similarly mix with the lower mixed forests, along the line of their __ eontact. In their typical form as eng forest, they occupy the laterite beds and form a very marked vegetation. 1 distinguish, therefore, _ three oe — eS OR LATERITE FORESTS.—The principal constituents of this forest are byoo (Déllenia pulcherrima) , lta (Shorea obtusa), — _ engyeen (Pentacme — joeben (We alsura — — : cae hich they gro\ does not allow the eng tree to vegetate, and, indeed, all the laterite INTRODUCTORY. XXiii deing (Lophopetalum Wallichii), myoukzee (Zizyphus jujuba), lam-bo (Buchanania latifolia), thit-say (Melanorrhea usitata), dan-yat carpa), kha- boung (Strychnos nux vomica), nabbhay (Odina wodier), yingat striking. Where depressions occur, they are usually filled up with stiff clay inundated during the rains, and such -places are - more or less densely covered by thin dry grass and ee - 9. Hitt ena Fornsts.—These forests occupy the ridges of the outer hill ranges of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim, where t folius. Other conspicuous trees are Engethardtia villosa, Quercus Brandisiana, and Q. Bancana, ~ ma « thi (Melanorrhaa glabra), Castanea tribuloides, Tristania B Cay Anneslea fragrans, etc. Various trees of the true eng forests and metimes of the drier hill forests associate, like doung-hsap- pya (Callicarpa arborea), Dillenia aurea, Rhus Tavanica, Vernonia —— acuminata, ete. hill eng forests require further study. 3. Low Forxsts.—These are only a modification of the true eng forest, being, so to say, a mixture of trees from the lower mixe forests with eng forest trees. The stiff clay on whi ) ss Xxiv INTRODUCTORY. —_ trees, such as phthya, engyeen, etc., disappear, while certain like yindyke (Dalbergia cultrata), toukkyan (Terminalia maroc) khaboung (Strychnos nux vomeea), ete., often become very — Dry Forzsts .—Travelling northwards and leaving the alluvial and silicious sandstone formations, we enter, in Prome, peculiar forests growing chiefly on calcareous sandstone, but often intermixed with, or passing into, .— where gravelly or to where except on calcareous substrata, and not a few of which turn up again in Hindustan. They are chiefly formed of a sha (Acacia catechu), ta-noung (Acacia leucophlea), engyeen (Pentacme Sia- mensis), Sha-pyoo (Sterculia versicolor), Hiptage albicans, ta-poo- ben po ameag Bennettii), ta-ma-kha (Mela Azedarach), , on the yeng-ma or yimma (Chickrassia velutina), zi-ben (Zizyphus jujuba), chope-ben (Diospyros agree nebbhoo (Combretum ape- talum), tha-lai (Ulmus lancifolia) on the hills, than-tat (Addizzva lucid i (Dalbergia paniculata ), paises (Dalbergia nigrescens), let- kope-gyee (Holarrhena antidysenterica), khaboung (Strychnos pota- torum, and St. nux-vomica) , hpalan_ (Bauhinia racempaa), bwe-cheng (Bauhinia variegata), na-yu-wai (Flacourtia sapida), Ehretia lavis, Rhus paniculata, Morinda tomentosa, nabbhay (Odina wodier) » ta-sha-ben (Emblica officinalis), thabyay-hpyu (Hugenia : — saga (Vitex alata, and V. limonifolia), Vitex oung-khwa (Capparis auricoma) » Premna viburnoides, teleegy jeep Rheedei) , With these associate numerous other trees as well from the ae forests, like eng (Dipte- — tuberculatus), here and there, p hthya. (Shorea Zpeen bo (Buehanania latifolia), tay (Diospyros Birmanica), and such ile, ee _— from the mixed forests, like gyo-ben (Schleichera tri- juga), P , bingah (Nauelea rotundifolia), pyen-kadoo or pynkado (Xylia dolabri, ormis), kokko (Adbizzia Lebbek) , thit-po (Dalbergia purpu- = oon-naleng (Premna tomentosa), teak of inferior growth, oong (Anogeissus acwminatus) , didoo or letpan (Bombaz), chin-youk lois pinnata), ete. The shrubbery is scanty and similar to that of the eng forests, but of a more thorny or prickly na Several es of arboreous Euphorbia (EB. nivulia and R.. anti- quorum), called sha-zoung, attract the eye on account of their curi- aces Sank gales _ Calon snd em re EE as those — so “The gato ts Pra catechw) often gets the supremacy, and : : onl aapectat pure or SERA pane cir WyRAOTS in the Prome | INTRODUCTORY. XXV Higher on the ridges, above 2,000 feet elevation, a small crooked _ (Hi — albicans) appears in force, associating with similarly ed low trees of yindyke (Dalbergia cultrata), bwé-cheng (Bau- fate variegata) , didoo (Bombax insigne), ta-sha-ben (Embltca offi- cinalis), zeng-byoon (Dillenia pentagyna), and others, and these form the upPER DRY FoREST. Here also some temperate forms appear for the first, such as an epiphytic beautiful Vaccinium (V. verticillatum), a large Heracleum, Hymenopogon (an epiphyte), and a few others Vv : orests are no doubt the most im- portant ones to the forester in Santas and occupy at least two-thirds of the whole area of Pegu oe. Chittagong, and Arracan, while they are less developed in Marta enasserim, and the Andamans. I have adopted (with slight slimeatiens the varieties of these forests as distinguished by Dr. Brandis in his report on the Attaran forests in 1860. These are now generally understood by foresters in Burma. are, as a whole, well demarcated in all the tracts west of the river, on the metamorphic strata, they become much masked by the surrounding forests. This is no doubt partially owing to the — substratum, which is here so favourable to most kinds of trees, while alluvium and the soft sandstone excludes so many kinds that are common enough on metamorphic substrata. Onthe Andamans they are also less demarcated, although here growing on the same sandstone as that of Pegu, but here the lower latitude and more especially the insular dant has a share in this modification. _ |. Upprr MIxep Forxsts.—These are restricted to to rocky and hilly terrains, but differ somewhat in aspect accordingly that Shey ww on soft silicious sandstone or on metamorphic On t latter substratum the trees are not so straight and lofty-erown, an accompanied by such trees as padouk (Pterocarpus), several Tern- Smite and certain Melzacea. ief trees are here pyenkadoo or pynkado (Xyha dolabri- Sormis) , nk or kyoon-ben (Zectona grandis), thabyay-hpyoo (Eugenia jambolana), didoo or letpan (Bombax 1 ere _ white and scar. flowers, sha-pyoo (Stereulia versicolor), ia fetida, sha-nee : a a vi -be teros uk (Garuga pinnata), ta-dee (Bursera serrata), chyay ( Sakari). kway (Spondias mangifera) , panga (Terminalia semdsialiay toukkya n (Zerminalia crenulata), lein (Terminalia pyrifolia), thit-scm enma or (Torminalia belerica), yoong (Anogeissus acuminatus), py a ——— flos regine), laizah (Lagerstremia peem tomentosa), — myouk-shaw (Homalium tomentosum), tseik-gyee (Briedelia retusa), ~ me) » thit-pagan (Millio Brandisii) , tha-nat (Conia grandis), yemeneh Gmelina ina abort , thit-poh (Dalbergia purpurea), nhau-ben > ane a gg (Nauclea rotundifolia) , t-yo (Vitex alata — = Diospyros ehr elivides) : thin-win (Millettia leucantha), ouk-chin-za ( .% XXV1 INTRODUCTORY. ea ( ee dma na-yuwai st newt Sere ; — (Ficus hispida), —— (Ficus cunt); kha-ong (Ficus lomerata), and others. Large-sized bamboo, kyattoun-wa (Bam- see polymorpha) ; binies icuskaloniccdyen pergracile) , and in drier situations myin-wa (Dendrocalamus strictus), form the chief under- growth, intermixed with such trees as pathaiy aaa parviflora) , seen (Dillenia pentagyna), madama (Da d glauca), pin-ta-yo (Grewia elastica), pyee-sin lens Ghesem- billa) , ‘let-tope-thein (Holarrhena pubescens), khyoung-ya (Calosan- thes Indica), sha-ma (Embliea a ta-sha (Hmblica officinalis) , etc. Palms are represented by zanoung (Walichia), minbo (Caryota urens), and a few rattans, x Aart are here few and meagre. Climb- ers, although mostly powerful ones, and therefore i injurious to tree- growth, play a subordinate role. The ones is swage and the a grey or yellowish soil is everywhere exposed duri he dry season, The greater moisture and shade coreg fapvaiseniy: exposed slopes and of deep valleys permits the growth of wood-oil trees or kanyin- hpyoo (Dipterocarpus ae kokko gfe te Lebbek), shaw-htoo (Beilschmiedia Roxburghn), kyoung-touk (Payanelia multijuga), manioga (Carallia peed » yai-tha-hpan (Ficus glomerata), wa- ya AER PES dehy iepatiet) 50 , and other r shade-loving | trees. WER MIXED F' and cheers of the country, sar consist greatly of the same kind of trees that grow also in the upper mixed forests. But their growth is much lower, and the undergrowth is also a different one. - those trees already mentioned as growing in the upper mixed forests, must be added chiefly ye Sees — Dwa-bote gyda ricum z - panax asa tivabwoy ey ay ‘obese a s aoideuindey, kyetyo ; nace spams —— ( Glochidion) , = on Suntsonnasastcueons fol se —- malabarica), thit- = auclea seesilifolia), snaxh:or aan. po (Crypteronia pant- SES here and there kanazce — sapida), Derris robusta INTRODUCTORY. XXVIi and others. ee here is chiefly tinwa (Ceptalostachyum pergracile) , yoo-gelay (Gigantochloa’ albo-ciliata), and teiwa { Bamkned Tulda), but pt are scattered in batches and do not form such an uninterrupted undergrowth as the bamboo on the hills. Climbers are numerous and of various description, and I will men- tion only the more powerful or more common ones, These are (Butea superba and B. parviflora), i ae eecie 4 (Eutada_ scandens), tha-bwot-nway (Uvaria macrophylla), tau-zee- nway (Zizyphus enoplia), kway-nway (Colubrina pubescens), several vines, but chiefly yin-noung-nway ihe itis Linnei), chindouk-nway- zouk (Vitis latifolia), woon-oo-nway or my2-z00-nway (Vitis ery- throclada), yin-noung-peing-nway (Vitis auriculata), kyee-nee or ee-chee-nway (Vitis Jlanceolaria), further, da-ma-gnai-nway (Millettia extensa), nway-bouk (Pederia lanuginosa) kyoung-chet (Mezoneuron cucullatum) , kyoung-gyet-nway (Pzerolobium macropte- rum), soo-yit (Acacia pennata), soo-pwot-ka-lay-nway (Acacia glaucescens) , a (Dalbergia stipulacea), Pueraria Candollei, kway-lay-nway (Mucuna prurita), kway-la-bwot-nway (Canavalia lucens) , be loe-keord (Heptapleurum venulosum), sin-ma-no-pyin (Briedelia stipularis), naleing-bo (Mallotus. repandus), tha-ma-kha- nway (Congea tomentosa), nway-sat-nway (Symphorema involucratum) , sageed (Symphorema unguieulatum), several species of Combretum, like kyet-tet-nway (Comb. squamosum) , sate ees task (C. eaten- sum), and tha-ma-ka-nway (C. decandrum), kywot-nay-nway (Caly- copteris Roxburghii), several cucurbits, nway-cho (Thunbergia laurifo- lia), na-sha-gyee iCorpiolagte be aceiwenie Fagrea obovata, some very showy flow volnulacee, like comen (Ipomea x antantha), kya- hin- Ka-le-nway (Ipomoea vitifolia), tones kazun (Argyreia epee. ope-mhon-away (Argyreia barbigera) , o-na-kope-nway ( p lifolia), and othe Herbage arid oebest: although not dense, is more conspi- vT sitic Loranthacee, all ca ee-poung, mistletoes—thit-long of the Burmese—are here more plentiful than in any other forest, sat in the savannah forests and in the cultivated plat As might be mae UT teak is of inferior growth, and more dispersed through the forest. : Towards the banks of the larger rivers, coarse qrsanch fomeany here es sea tter ed. The subsoil seems to be here condi: wrakee logged, and hence the trees become very short-stemmed and stunted, for a subterrannean sheet of water acts upon the roots of trees like an impermeable stratum. The oo that can withstand such condition are not —— a hiefly op-nai (Streblus asper), pouk ee dosa) , sithey : (Nauclea pagvifolia) , rong Baier iauh inte, e imesh (Nauclea rotundifolia), tha-hpan Hieus XXVili INTRODUCTORY. Chittagonga),nyoung-hpyoo (Ficus Rumphii), yindyke (Dalbergia cultrata), thit-poh (Dalbergia purpurea), bambwe (Careya arborea), Jujuba) , pyee-zin (Antidesma ghesembilla), nabbhay (Odina wodier), mhan-hpyoo (Randia uliginosa), tamin-tsa-byoo (Gardenia sessili- flora), thit (Albizzia elata), ong-tong (Zetranthera Roxburghii), and others oO n i scattered over large tracts of these savannahs. The only bamboo occurring here is kyakatwa (Bambusa arundinacea) . IiI. Dune Forrsts.—These forests offer many peculiarities which make it desirable that they should be separated from the other forests. They partake now more of an evergreen, now of a deciduous forest, and grow exclusively on the calcareous sand con- sisting of the fine fragments of shells and corals. This sand forms either the beaches of the sea, in which case the area is very small and more or less crescent-shaped. Forests growing on such beaches were called by me BEacH rorxsts, but indeed they are only a very slight variety of the true punn-rorzsts. These latter grow on the dunes along the shores, formed by the calcareous sand blown inwards extensive dunes with typical dune forests (consisting of Casuarina, etc.) seem to occur west of Tavoy. They are greatly intercepted i i f rivers. The odallum, Briedelia glauca, and such like trees. These forests are open and pretty sunny, and shrubs are here plentiful and often entangled and Ipomeas, especially penglay-kazun (Ipomea pes-capre), cover the loose sand. : 3 . : } . nzoh or briefly = } @. €., deserted culture-land. Week herbs of calévention, Chilly Sie int : soon must give way to coarse grasses and shrubs, ee — : INTRODUCTORY. XXX APPENDIX. 1, Bamsoo sunGLEs and saAvANNAHS.—These two varieties can hardly be reckoned amongst forests, although they certainly may be claimed as forest land, being the undergrowth of them The BAMBOO JUNGLES are characterised by the great uniformity of their aspect and by the poorness of their undergrowth, no doubt caused by the dense and injurious shade which the bamboo spreads all round. Seldom do we find more than two different kinds of bam in the same jungle ; they may therefore be best distinguished by the kind of bamboo of which they consist. So we have in Burma jungles of myinwa (Dendrocalamus strictus), tin-wa (Caphaleataclgpads per- gracile) , kyattoun-wa (Bambusa polymorpha), wapyoo-gelay (Giganto- chloa albo-ciliata) , or wa-ta-bwot (Pseudostachyum Helferi), and others. Kyakatwa (Bambusa arundinacea) jungles are found often in the alluvial plains near larger rivers. These bamboos flower all simultaneously after a lapse of years, and-then die off. Then numerous light-loving plants and shrubs and also tree seedlin spring up, and it is at such periods that one cannot predict with any certainty whether the next generation wil again a pure bamboo jungle, or whether the saplings of the trees will not get the supremacy, keeping down the young bamboo as nreere gpone: € SAVANNAHS are the undergrowth of the savannah fores and as such do not differ from these inany point except that ei are void, or nearly void, of trees. They seem to owe their — chiefly to in undation—at least their distribution along pretty well coincides with the area of regular inundation Gana the rains. The grasses are all coarse ones,—so coarse, indeed, that the halms of some become as woody as those of certain small _bam- are the principal constituents, intermixed with Eragrostis procera, 2, etc. 2, DESERTED TOUNGYAS or POONZOHS ——Large tracts of forests are yearly felled by the natives for the cultivation of rice. A soon as the harvest of the first, second, or third year is we Pe bars lands are deserted and form toungya poonz Composite, sy Sagan ete., spring up in dense masses, which XXX ; INTRODUCTORY. tree seedlings struggle for existence. Often (especially on the of ta-mazaing or minsain-ben (Panicum acari; erum) an et-ya (Polytoca heteroclita) , rarely of thekkay-nyin (Zmperata “ejlittrion. In other localities where bamboo around such clearings flowered, bamboo seedlings ring up and soon choke all other vegetation, except light-loving, - quick-growing sapling trees. _ relations chiefly regulate the nature of the coming jungle, but, or viiieg haa deserted clearings raises into forests similar to, or identical with, those that pre-existed FOREST FLORA OF BRITISH BURMA, SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. A. SEED-BEARING PLANTS or PHANEROGAMS. Plants bearing more or less complete flowers and producing perfect seeds, in which an embryo rests. Crass I. DICOTYLEDONS or EXOGENS. Stem, when woody, consisting of pith, of one or more concen- tric circles of fibrous tissue, and of bark on the outside. Embryo with 2 or rarely more cotyledons, the young stem in germination proceeding from between the cotyledons or from a notch at its summit. Flowers often 4- 5- or 6-merous. Seve net-veined. (By far the greatest portion of Burmese woody plants belong to this class.) DIVISION 1. ANGIOSPERMS. Ovules enclosed in ovary with astigma. Seeds contained in a seed-vessel. Cadslelie usually 2 only. . Sup-ctass 1. POLYPETALA Petals several, distinct (wanting in a few genera, very rarely united). A. Tuatamirtora.—TZorus small or elongated, rarely expanded into a disk. Ovary superior. Stamens indefinite or rarely — usually hypogynous. 1. RanaLes. —Stamens usually indefinite. — Carpels omeae es or im- on often copions, the embryo usually relatively small. * Petals and sepals in a single series. 2 SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. Ranunculacee.—Sepals deciduous. Arillus none. a or scandent shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves. xciag ageoseotgen —Sepals persistent. Seeds wi Illus. Trees or shrubs, some- scandent, with alternate iene er scabrous Leave Stipules = ne * * Petals or coals or both, in two or more series. pie Saale ee —Sepals and petals forming —_ or more series and — ate each series. Carpels de oe Shrabs.o trees, with alternate leaves. Anonacee.—Sepals 3, petals 6, in two se of 3 each. Carpels usually indefinite, =—* definite or ee distinet or arly (in Anona) connate. Albumen te. — or shrubs, often scandent, with alternate sim- ple aan aces gers erg ge — Sat or minute, deciduous. Sepals in two or more of 3 o ach. Petals usually smaller than the inner sepals or wastage: sheaiens 65 or 3 to 9, free or ewiate, yee the petals. Seeds often horse-shoe shaped. Ca: arpels 6 or fewer. Twiners or shrubs, usually : scandent, with sincaata leaves. No stipules _ Berberidea.—Sepals, —— =e erie fgets in i tee or ore series of 3 each. auibere dehiscing by v Car glitary. Trees or shrubs, some- es scandent, with Esai or eed lea 2. Seger —Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary syncarpous, with pa- tal placentation, one-celled or spuriously divided by cellular pla- oe ary dissepiments. — rarely solitary. Fruits various, always singly from each flow Violacee.— Flowers easelis or regular. Petals and stamens 5, the connect- = produced beyond the malice: Albumen present. — shrubs, sessilis with simple alternate leaves. Stipules prese pata irregular. Sepals and petals 5 ates 5 or 10.- Mn oGtod pode, ees Albumen none. Trees, with compound alter- one. mech ar ore she often sande, bd et with n reduced to = Bixinee. —Flowers regular. —* or fewer. Petals various, often none, not seldom scaled at base. ens indefinite, free or connate. Placentas 2 or more. Albumen fechy sisi rather large. Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules usually none, rarely minute or ¢ onspi- a 3. PotyeaLtEs.—Sepals 5, — or equal. —_— 5. Stamens 5, 6, or 8, ee at nee he Ovary 2-merous oe Ser inate wers lar or nearly so. Stamens as many as petals. Ses een ee albuminous. Tree h 4 twining, = Soe eas ee or shru farcly twining, ee oats eae Stamens SAE hous, Albumen almost none. Embryo rather large. Herbs or < pases ml tae or trees, with s simple alternate leaves. Stipules: none. SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. 3 4. ee ee —Sepals 5 , 4, or 2, — or Rrsoptes Petals 5, aos | sometimes minute. , nary ie nas with usually a free ants pianaitis ibm posi mbryo curved, rarely straight. Tumariscinee. — and pow — 4 to 6. Stamens as many or twice many. Placentas 3-4, fr comose. or shrubs, with arnt testo He ee scale-like alternate leaves. 5. ee — Sepals 2 to 6 or more, imbricate. Petals as many, ra rel tamens indefinite. Ovary usually syncarpous, with pal, placsibdivon: a —Flowers small, usually hermaphrodite. a gece ane denies Herbs i or ii gers 2 opposite leaves. Stipules ee Hypericinee.—Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens seg often polyadel- —. Eh wee = sega a with opposite or rarely alternate leaves. Stipules —— et usually dioecious or polygamous. Stamens indefinite or variously connate. Trees or shrubs, often abounding in a yellow inous juice, with te leaves. Stipules none. Ternstroemiacee.—F lowers hermaphrodite. Stamens indefinite, free, nate at base. Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves. Stipules scastical wan Tintorciwetin —Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-lobes usually enlarged in 4 Trees, rarely shrubs, sometimes scandent, with alternate leaves. ae often large. oe Stipules 6. MaLvaLEs. a or calyx-lobes valvate in bud. eRe as many as sepals. amens monadelphous or free. Ovary syncarpous, with ote siuicainial. : * Anthers 1-celled. ase nee Ste gr gS rarely free, and in this case definite and alternating with the sepals. Herbs, trees, or shrubs, sometimes scandent, with alternate leaves. Stipules present. * * Anthers 2-celled. Sterculiacee—Stamens delph indefinite or definite, with or without alternating staminodes. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually present. Tiliacee—Stamens indefinite, free or shortly connate at base. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with iterate saatel. Stipules usually ia twice as many as mae or Pay Hho paren or arc Le. t, di ided into cells with avxile apocarpous, — sometimes en: Ovules sssaatly Lor 2% is geo —— a | pendulous, with a aire? raphe. . 4 SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. Linee. — small, — or none. ie _s —. each or connate. usually 2 in bumen fles Herbs or snake, rarely ates sea alternate aie Buipnles Foc edeat Malpighiacee. Shep = with ~ on their back. Disk not large. Ovary lobed o solitary. Fruit-carpels often winged ; albumen none. ie S, soften aidan, rarely trees, with usually opposite leaves. Stipules present. Geraniacee.—Disk reduced to 5 glands or obsolete. Stamens 5 or a multiple of 5, all or only part Sueno - bearing. Ovary angular or lo or 2, ops more, in er cell. Albumen none or rarely fle shy. Herbs or Rutacee.—Disk within the stamens. uy entire or lobed, or the carpels distinct, oon Se styles = Ovules 1 or 2 in ck cell. Trees, shrubs, so scandent, y herbs, wi ith ¢ opposite or alternate simple or ecoed gland “dotted | nae hep petiole nbweleya painted with the blade. Stipules no Simarubea. ae a usually pilose or with an adnate scale. Ovary lobed. Ovules usually teed — 2) in each cell. Trees or shrubs, bitter to the taste, with alternate glandless simple or compound leaves. = Ochnacee.—Stamens 10 or inde _anthers — often elongate. Ovary deeply lobed. Fruit-carpels distin ct, drupaceous. Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple louvres, the petiole = jointed. jae present Burseracee.—Disk free or adnate st » — Ovary en ee 2 0} r 1 in each cell. Albumen r fleshy. T so a with baltamie jie puso and alternate 3- to ‘|-foliolate or compound glandless leaves. tipules Meliacee. —Stamens 8-10, usually connate in a one tube, and the anthers sessile or nearly so, rarely free or nearly so. Ovary entire. Ovules 2, 4, to 10 i in each ar Trees or = with pastor gf or very rarely simple glandless leaves. Stipules Chailletiacee. —Petals 2 cleft. Ovary ihe Oni 2 in each cell. Trees or shrubs, with si pied alternate leaves. Stipules present. 8. OvacaLEs.— Disk Ovary entire. Ovules 1 to 3 in a sikieacy cell, or rli in pee cell, ert, pendulots, with a dorsal r eg the inte- _ guwments not distinct from om the nucleus. Seeds solitary in the fruit or tn the cells. ‘Alenia ® copious. Olacinee. connate, usually Ovary 1 or _imperfectl 3- to 5-celled. Ovules usually solitary in the ells. Fe Laicisk: —— rarely wanting. shra metimes dimbing with alternate sate leaves. Stipules none Tite —Piials free, imbricate, saely wanting. Ovary 3- to 6-celled. ° Pane oo cases Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules 9. — — Disk Seshy and thick, sr or adnate to the calyx. Sta- mens rarely more than petals, ins outside, within or upon the disk. ee ~_ eatin: costes lor2in aa Salt erect, with a ventral raphe. Celastracee.—Calyx-lobes oe imbricate in bud. Stamens usually oes and Janeen - a or only 3. Ovary entire or eee § = —— mek opposite or alternate leaves. Stipul es SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. 5 Rhamnacee.—Calyx-lobes valvate in bud. area —— or none. Stamens — the petals. Ovary entire, often inferi Trees or shrubs, often candent, eats simple alternate or opposite rscrerag ” Stipules usually present. Ampelidee. = Be ak Cony imbricate. Petals valvate. Stamens opposite the petals. Ovary entire. Albumen Eo ge crag Embryo s Be Shrubs or herbs, fen eso it with jointed s and alternate compound or eiiirpils leaves, the base of the aaole sical etbaided f into a stipule. 10. hfe —Disk various. Ovary entire or lobed. Ovules 1 or 2, rarely more, in each cell, ascending, pendulous or see attached. Flowers often unisexual or polygamous. Leaves generally compound. Sapindacee.—Style 1. Ovules ascending or horizontal. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with alternate ehaatly eee leaves. Sabiacee.—Stamens often unequal in and some imperfect, opposite the petals. Trees or shrubs, with sikscnnie simple or compound leaves. Anacardiaceea.—Styles 1 to 4, or the stigmas almost sessile. Stamens alter- nate —_ the petals. Ovules solitary, suspen se r laterally oo Trees or usually abounding in resin neers erste er. aor often rea simple or compound leaves. C. Catycrrtorm.—Stamens and petals usually were on the margin of a thin disk lining the base or the le of the calyx-tube, and free from the ovary unless the yee ba as also adnate to it. Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary either free and superior, or enclosed in, or inferior and adnate to, the calyx-tube. it. powers eden bet regular or irregular, usually posts topes Sta- or less distinetly ees ee disti Connaracee.—F lowers regular. Carpels free Ovules seconde’ 6 orthotropous. hes o or Pakeate, often race vith 1- to 3-foliolate or pinnate leaves. Leguminose.—Ovary free, composed of a single excentrical carpel a a terminal style, the cones i inserted along ike upper re inner angle of cavity. scanty or none Trees, shrubs, or herbs, citing . or erect, with pe ratcbag or rarely opp ften comp Ros osace@.—Flowers usuall y regular. Stamens often definite. Ovary con- sisting of 1 or phar cok or afterwards combining carpels, rarely entire ; styles usually distinct. Ovules usually 2, anatropous Albumen usually none. Trees, —— or herbs, with simple or compound alternate leaves. present, Stipules Hamamelidee.—Trees or shrubs. Laksel oppete, Flowers achlamy- ak oo usually in thoes Ovaries ai carpels fewer than oe parts. Ovules often 1 or 2 in each cell, suspended. 12. MrrraLes.— Flowers > octeah or almost so, usually hermaphrodite = Pistil syncarpous, inferior (or free in some Bhi: nahn ) 5. Leaves simple: ; 6 SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. Rhizophoree.—Trees or shrubs, often maritime, with opposite leaves. Sti- pules deciduous. Flowers regular. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals often notched or |. Stam ne twin as many as petals, or more. og! inton scveral-colléd, with 2 or more ovules suspended from the Style undivided. Seeds usually solitary, with or without albumen, often Aatiindve 8 * while still on the tree. region ter we —Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Ovary inferior, Lal, with 2 or more sey 1) ovules suspe m the apex of the cell. Style age Seed solitary, without slbeien: Cotyledons saraae Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves opposite or alternate, without Sinaia _— enta. e undivi Seeds wi olded, not con Acasa thos or rhe with opposite or alternate 0. dotted leaves. Stipules none. Melastomacee.—F lowers regular or nearly so. Petals twisted. Stamens di undi Seeds without albumen. rae ms flat or folded, not convolute. Shrubs, or rarely trees or her , with opposite not dotted leaves. No stipules riee.— eso. nearly so. Cal rales valvate. Petals eS ae ied in the se Sg Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Ovary usually enclosed in the calyx-tube, 2 or seca atiod with few or many ovules in each cell. Style undivi Seeds without albumen. edons not convolute. Trees, shrubs or herbs, with opposite or alter- nate leaves. Stipules none. 13. PassIFLORALES. — Flowers * pial. or irregular. ee Thee syn or adnate, e celled wit parietal placentation. ae healed et Ehted azile placentati acee. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals and sepals almost conform. Ov: scales or glands. ary Etec with parila al placentas. vst entire or branched. Seeds albu- ous. ‘Trees or shrubs. Stipules small or none. Pas: .—Flowers regular. wal print with the ers and resembling ay al -celled, with ictal pee Style ee Suede sl ‘caus ial place and stipules. Se unisexual oa. — segments small. 8 finite ; anther dorsifix, Ovary inferior, often open at the apex. Pieces Styles free, simple or 2-parted. - albuminous. ‘Trees, Sete Recta: with alternate leaves. Stipules none. au Unpertares. —Flowers regular. 2- or arel “Leelled, with a solitary suspended oat Onsrted cell. Styles atin on connate at base, on <—— by an Pigynous disk. -_ Jlicnen Embryo minute or longer and strai SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. 7 Araliacee.—Corolla usually valvate in bud. Fruit succulent, not separating. Cells usually more —_ 2. Trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with alternate ‘leaves. Stipules n Cornacee.—Fruit recent 2-celled. Corolla usually valvate in bud. albuminous. Trees or shrubs, with usually opposite leaves. Stipules n Sup-ctass Il. GAMOPETALAI, (Petals united.) § 1.—Corolla epigynous. * Stamens attached to the corolla. 15. gad cay emg anor regular or irregular, Stamens as many as — Ovary inferior, 2- to many-celled, w with 1 or numerous aS n each cell. "Albumen present, very rarely absent. Caprifoliacea: —Anthers free. Ovary 2- = many-celled with 2 to many ovules in each cell. Flowers regular stamens Sime Pg many as corolla-lobes. Shrubs or hari often climbing, rare y trees, without real stipules. Leaves opposite Rubiacee- -Flowers usually “agre anaes isomerous. Anthers free. 2- y-celled, with one, 2, or many ovules in each 7 Trees; shrubs, or aces ith sedi leaves and free or connate stipu 16. AsTERALES.— Flowers i i or hie oor io unisexual, vay olleted yt amperes d heads. corolla-lobes, ra ls et i oelad ‘homulid (ee f 2-3-celled, with one cell “only pts ate Composit -hathr united in a tube round the style. Ovary seceiees with ® single erect Seeds without ibacaes. Flowers in heads, at rT dy a a sandy receptacle. Calyx limb none or reduced to feathery — or me * & Stamens free from the corolla. 7. Campanates.— Flowers usually irregular, rarely unis eR or collected & , Goodenoviee.—An inden under the signa: SES as in — lacee. Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with alternate or radical leaves. § 2. Corolla sintiis or perigynous. * Flowers usually regular. 18. ErtcatEs.—Corolla hy: nous. Stamens as many or or twice as many as 1- to many-celled, ith ‘Seeds corolla-lobes, epipeta or hypogynous. Ovary 1 to many ovules in a cell ; stigma Rs entire, or e. Ericacee.—Stamens twice as many as corolla-lobes. hasbees cliad. ing in terminal pores, free or connate. Ovary inferior or — ith ur inaaty colle i coals ioe Seeds albuminous. Shrubs or trees, as Se aves. acridee—Stamens as maaay ar evcolla lobes snd sliermnte with Shans, — rarely fewer. _—- -celled. Ovary superior, with 5 or fewer cells. ie een : Ep 8 SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS, 19. Primvtates.— Corolla regular, hypogynous, rarely epigynous, a sage poly- — - tamens as many as corolla-lobes and — to them; or if more, one series, always subouths them, hypogynou py epipetalous. Onde ‘Lcelled, with free basal placentation. Myrsinee.—Stamens as many as corolla-lobes. Ovary 1-celled, with eer cts attached to a free central placenta. Fruit succulent or hard, indehiscent. Seeds —_— without albumen. ‘Trees or shrubs, vith sboriaie usually dotted leav 20. a — = ~ ool uta, hypogynous or epigynous, rarely peri: Stam llym more than pa lobes, orif equal in num =e ’ alleraitiae with 5 fay 5 (azcagt § in Sapotee). Ov ary 2- so OOe: celled, with usually few ovules in each cell. Fruit rarely See Sapotacee.—Corolla-lobes as many, or twice or thrice as many, as ments. ke ag imbricate in 2 or more series ee pt directed outwards. Stamens as many or twice as many as corolla-lobes. Ovary 2- or aneactied with a solitary ovule in each cell. Fruit succu- lent or hard, usually eee ay Seeds with or without albumen. ‘Trees or shrubs, the j juice often Leaves altern Ebenacee.—F lowers often ioe a 8 to 5. Calyx simply lobed or toothed. Anther-cells directed inwards. Stamens few or many, . indefinite. ary superior, 3- or more-elled with 1 or 2 ovules in = cell. Fruit succulent, us ually — Seeds albuminous. ‘Trees 0: shrubs, with alternate leaves; juice n : — —Flowers hermaphrodite. Se Ht ci5 as many or twice as - many as calyx: -lobes.. Stamens usually more than twice as many, rarely ore or less inferi ally succulent and i indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. Tien or : shrubs, with alternate leaves. 21. Ginnie Onis mono= oF ap, Sgn sar A lg sy sata hypogy- nous. Stamens as corolla-l , always inserted on _ the corolla and gies fe included in its she Ovary coulte syncar- us and 2-celled. Jasminee.—Corolla with 4, 5, or more lobes, rarel: Wy 2-petaled, or none. Sta- mens 2, r Ovary sve taste or 2 ovules in each all. ruit sticculent or seule wi — Trees or shrubs, often scandent, with scar or very eS. - a Stamens 5; -apese connate round the 2- or 4-celled ated in 1 or 2 tema in each cell. vary of 2 distinct earls; the — united upwards. Follicles solitary or twine. Albu- a bs or a often climbing, with opposite leaves; juice ak Pouzwoxtanss. —Coro al sR Se aS ae ae the ale ie pana pooner eatatl arpous, 1-5-celled, uel Seri Ouary uve en eis wilh 1, or SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS. 9 Borraginee.—Flowers in cymes or pose sided — or spikes. Ovary 2- or 4-celled with a solitary ovule in each cell; or 2-celled with 2 sane ovules in each cell. Style single, enn, or rarely forked. Fruit a drupe, or dry, and separating into 2 or 4 n pase or scanty. Trees or shrubs, or hispid herbs, with aay sitanane lea Convolvulacee.—Corolla-limb okies in the bud. Oni of 2 to 4 cells or carpels, with 1 or 2 erect ovules in each. Style simple or Somer gar or 2 distinct styles. Fruit caps ala? or succulent and indehisce Seeds with eng or no albumen. Cotyledons much folded (or inooliapasile in Cuscuta). Herbs 0 r shrubs, often peg a trees or leafless parasi- tic twiners; juice tii milky. es altern 23. SoLanaLEs.—Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, is pcg ls age ss m ny as corolla- sees epipetalous, caver or unequa syncarpous, 2-celled, with numerous eure eoh.c ell. Solanee Pes ate bes foll ties rarely in bud. Ovary 2-celled or c Boarted een (rarely 3. or sella), rath eaweal ovules in each m0 ta — Fruit a berry or a caps albuminous. Em or cae Herbs or shenke: rarely small trees, with sieeniicia acres: * % Flowers irregular. Of the stamens usually 1 or 3 wholly or partially aborted. 94. PERSONAT 77, of hypogynous. tien 2, lipped. Sta Sewer alk ioc tdic debe, mare as unequal, us ually 4 = didy- mous, or 2. Ova: 2- very 7 ee 4-celled, ees usually ary 1 numerous ovules in each ceil Style simple, stigmas 1-2. Fruit usually capsular. Bignoniacee.—Perfect _ stamens 4 in pairs, or ay Ovary 2-celled with oes Sai : oral posse ve Vaud sak oO ly numerous. it m very é. winged. “Albumen mone. ee a diett slivabe, with opposite often compound lea Acanthacee.—Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, or 2 only, with or without a pair of aes entary ones. Ovary 2-celled with 2 or more supe ovules in e cell. Fruit a capsule opening elastically in 2 valves. ee disnilly supported by hooked or rarely cup-shaped or minute s _ Albumen none. Herbs o tection a iprere g with opposite leaves : Pedalinee.—Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, 0 y 2only. Ovary composed of 2, rarely 3 or 4 carpels, oat divided (at yee after flowering) into twice as many delle by spurious dissepiments Ovules 2 or more, or rarely inde! 1 only in each eae cell (half-carpel).. Fruit hard aa hiscent or capsular. Albumen none. Herbs with opposite leaves. ie 25. LaMrates. et peice usually 2-lipped, igh almost regular or quite regular, fewer | icropyle and radi inferior. sometimes scandent. Leaves opposite or rarely al 10 SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS, Labiate.—Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs; anthers 2-celled or 1-celled by abortion — or by confluence. Ovary deeply lobed; the style — basal between the — Micropyle and radicle inferior. Her r shrubs, with opposite eaves Sus-Crass III. MONOCHLAMYDEZ. Perianth really or apparently simple, the lobes or segments all calyeine or herbaceous, or all petal-like or scarious, or entirely wanting. 26. E s - Naravelia, CLEMATIS, L. parts stems ce fresh are used often for ropes and are very ane % Achenes simply — —— Pesmesae A aie Jlowers large. C. cadmia. * %* Achenes terminating in a xX Leaves simple ; ‘all parts pe om ‘ . C. smilacifolia. XX Leaves compound. ; 2a © Anthers terminating in a ee pte pet eeS - C. hedysarifolia. as 2 OO Anthers blunt, re + Filaments glabrous, Leaflets serrate, glabrous, shining ‘ 5 ‘ . Z Leaflets entire, ismentot = “ = : " sibiaag folbabe: Leaflets entire, . C. Hothae. ++ Filaments hairy (3 (at least towards the base). Leaflets ——s se Goes flowers - C. acuminata. Leaflets tomentose ; flowers . Buchananiana, * Achenes sainly beaked, withoné nf plamow tail, 16 I. DICOTYLEDONS, [ Clematis. 1. C. cadmia, Ham. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 2.—A climber with bi and tern natisect leaves ; leaflets ovate, entire, acuminate to blunt, usually glabrous, about 1-2 in. long ; flowers rather large, bluish- white, solitary, on long axillary peduncles 2-bracted at about their middle ; stamens much shorter than the sepals; the filaments very short, flat, glabrous; achenes large, compressed, somewhat silky, terminating in a short straight beak. Has.—Ava. * * Achenes terminating in a plumose tail. 2. C. smilacifolia, Wall ; H.f. Ind. FI. i. 3.—A woody climber with furrowed branches ; leaves large, 5-10 in. long, simple, Hazs.—aAva; Tenasserim, 3. C. hedysarifolia, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 4.—A large glabrous woody climber with furrowed branches ; leaves ternati- or pinna- coarsely toothed or entire ; flowers rather small, in loose compound panicles; sepals 4, oval, mucronate, densely tomentose outside ; filaments flattened, glabrous, anthers terminated by a subulate appendage ; achenes obliquely oblong, compressed, somewhat pub- escent. : Hap.—Pegn (?). often also quite entire, acuminate, glabrous, or more or less downy beneath ; flowers rather small, white, in compound panicles ; sepals revolute, oval, tomentose outside ; anthers o long, Bint; filaments ttened, glabrous ; achenes small, tawny pilose. Has.—Ava; Tenasserim. subumbellata, Kz—A woody climber with furrowed : aces densely tomentose ; leaves pinnati ets ate a : : » OVA Naravelia. | RANUNCULACER. 17 of the tomentose short rigid panicle; sepals 4, erie, blunt, densely tomentose ; filaments short, glabrous ; anthers blun Has.—Karennee country, Martaban. 6. C. Hothae, Kz.—A scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves ternatisect, on a 1-24 in. long petiole ; ; leaflets ovate-oblong to oblong, on curved petiolules 3 i 4 im = 1s rounded at the eg acuminate, quite entire, thin pedi aeee, 14-3 in. long, eg ; flowers rather small, on slightly pahootent, slender, 3-$ in. lone pedicels, forming brachiate axillary panicles collected into larger ones at the end of a branchlets ; ‘decks nearly 4 an in. long, greyish tomentose on the borders, acute ; filaments s perfectly glab- rous, the anthers blunt; carpels densely white- -pilo Has.—In the hills east of the Kakhyen hills, Ava.—Fl. a 7. C, acuminata, DC.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 5.—A glabrous large woody climber with furrowed branches and ternatisect (or rarely 1-foliolate) leaves ; leaflets slightly coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base, crenate-toothed, net-veined, shining above ; flowers of the Burmese plant prise than those of the normal form and remarkably like those of C. e tee in oe slender panicles ; ; a 4, erect, oblong, the al acid: margins ; filaments long, pilose; inh hurt, blunt ; achenes hay rather small, shortly pilose. Has.—In the damp 1 et of sete east of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 4,000 £t. elevation ; Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fr—March. gene var. rugosa, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 6.—A large greyish tomentose woody climber, with pinnatisect densely tomentove leaves; leaflets 2 to 3 in. long, broadly ovate, cordate at base, shortly acuminate, lobed and coarsely toothed, the nerves prominent and strong ; flowers rather large, coearnceeliaa in lax panicles ; sepals linear-oblong, almost blunt, densely tonieii: tose outside ; laments long, silky _ lose ; anthers blunt ; achenes ovate, pubescent Has. Mactahen hills, NARAVELIA, DC. Petals terete, abruptly separated from the stamens. Leaves 2 foloate, = petio ole tendril-bearmg.—W oody climbers of the tropical Leaves tomentose or ee» > Se ee Pee 2 xcuus quite glabrous a gets ee 18 DILLENIACER. [ Dillenia. 1. N. Zeylanica, DC., Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 7.—Sat-jo-yit.—A woody climber; leaflets more or less ovate, shortly acuminate, usually densely. pubescent or tomentose beneath ; flowers rather smell, yellowish, in lax panicles usually longer than the leaves ; petals linear-spathulate ; achenes spirally twisted with a long’ pilose tal Has.—P Bag orate in the mixed forests, especially in the lower ones, along choungs and — around villages, &c.; also Ava, and probably all over woes Fi. B.S.; Fr. C. 8—1. 2. N. laurifolia, Wall; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 7—A glabrous large woody evergreen climber; leaflets oblong, acuminate, coriaceous; flowers cream-coloured, rather small, in poor d eater shorter than the leaves; petals elongate, club- shaped ; achenes spirally twisted os a long pilose tail. . AB.—Martaban down to Tenasserim, in the tropical forests not unfrequent. a Fl. fis Mahe —S8S. = Metam. = | DILLENIACELZ. Sepals usually 5 (rarely 4 or 6), ——— — in aestiva- tion. Petals 5 or rarely fewer, deciduo Stam indefini ie, sot ige ge gate escent t 3) The ry seabrous leaves of — are used for oe The fruits of © Dillenia, enveloped in the enlarged fleshy calyx, are eaten raw or in _ eurries, ete. Dillenia sbaie contains trees of some importance to the : forester, the others are climbers or shrubs. About 11 species are — known to grow in Burma curt sig —— or —— at the setcee nee or eo wk 3-5. Ovules m . . Tetracera. . Dillenia. — * Filaments ‘hreighoul their th € wal. Tr : Arillus wanting or pulpy Pes = sue DILLENIA, L. __. Sepals and petals 5, spreading. Stamens almost free ; anthers — soe opening by slits. Carpels 5-20, adhering to the axis and u AA races Cie 60) dant Oo Cs he ea a ama OE ee eee eee ae Pe eee eee eee eee ee eee ee ee ae 2 = iii baat hi icy SE Te ee a a a ee iia aa sy ea, 5 leaves pet to toadlly Gtviate, on an in. long or somewhat lo = = petiole, usually rounded at base, almost blunt, scarey a = Dillenia. } DILLENIACER. 19 only by the ventral margin; styles as many, — reflexed ; ovules many, in 2 rows. “Fruit indehiseent, almost many-celled, enclosed by the enlarged fleshy calyx. Seeds imbedded in pulp or pulpless, without arillus.—Trees, with large parallel- nerved leaves. Flowers showy, white or yellow, solitary, or in fascicles or lax panicles. * Seeds along ae serene hairy. ieee very large, white. D. Indica. Pe ong ; flo owers solita: : ed very long, straight ; ‘styles 12; petioles long . .» D. pulcherrima, Peduneles short and thick, nodding; styles 10; petioles long . D. aurea. ‘eduncles = —_ and res styles 6; petioles only 1-2 lin. long . . D. pilosa, oO ery etals less than 1i in. long; flowers fascicled. Calyx = esiclos densely tomentose; styles 5-7 . D. parviflora. Calyx and peduncles perfectly glabrous or pruinous; se td owers fascicled. Peduneles bracted wee ; . ee Z . D. seabrella. Peduncles without bracts 4 ; : . D. pentagyna. * Seeds along the margins jon greed very large, white. 1. D. Indica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 86; Brand. For. Fl. 1.—(D. speciosa, Thbe. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 103) .—Tha-pyoo.—An ever- green tree, (30—50 + 15—20 + 3—5), the TeNne shoots silkhairy ; bark reddish, about 2 lin. thick, with papery smooth skin; cut red- dish ; leaves 8 to 10 in. long or longer, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a slender ef Eabescent petiole 1-14 in. long, acute, sharply serrate, almost chartaceous, nightly appressed-pubescent on the nerves be- neath, glabrescent; flowers soll ry large, about 5 to 6 in. in diameter, pure white, on 2 to 3 erm pubescent peduncles, arising than the outer ones ; 3 eel about 20, lear, recurved, aaetaaes : carpels as See a by the ‘enlarged fleshy calyx of the size of a large ap Has.—Moister ea forests along choungs, especially from Martaban down to Tenasserim, en rare in the a up to 1,000 feet elevation. Fl. R.8.; Fr. C. S—s.—SS. = Bee ec: hard, brown, tad aouiwally for house-building. W.= im ol * * Seeds smooth. Flowers yellow. . D, pulcherrima, Kz.; H. f. Ind. Fl. i. 87.—Byoo.—A tree (80-40 + 5—10 + 1), shedding leaves durmg HS., the shoots silk ; bark smoothish, Sain ellate, ash-grey « or whitish ; onger 20 " DILLENIACER. [ Dillenia. toothed, slightly pubescent while young, soon turning quite glab- rous and glossy, coriaceous; flowers about 4 in. in diameter or larger, yellow, solitary, on a 14 to 2 in. long, straight, greyish, pubescent peduncle arising laterally below the leaf-buds at the end of the former year’s branchlets; petals about 2 in. long, obovate, narrowed in a br ase; sepals ciliate, appressed, silky, pubescent ; styles and carpels about 12; ripe carpels enclosed in the enlarged fleshy globular calyx of an orange-yellow colour, about 1} in. in iameter. Has.—In the open forests, chiefly in the Eng and low forests, frequent in Prome, but more common in Pegu and Martaban, up to 1,000 ft, elevation ; in the Sittang zone occurring also in low savannah-forests on shallow alluvium, probably resting on gravelly or laterite strata. Fl. H.S.; Fr. Begin of R. S—l— $S.=CaS. Lat. Arg. . | Remarxs.—Wood hard and strong, used for rice-mills. W. O'=69 pd. The trunk remains usually low and crooked. - | ; H.-£, Ind. Fl. i: 87; Brand. For. F. 2— 3. D. aurea, Sm. A tree (50—60 + 10—25 + 5—6), shedding leaves during HS., the young shoots appressed-pubescent ; leaves obovate to elliptically coloured pubescent calyx of 14 to 2 in. in diameter. - Has.—Drier hill forests, frequent in Martaban and Tenasserim, at elevations from 2,000 to 3,000 feet—Fl. H.S.; Fr. Beginning of R. 8—1._-8s. = Metam. 4 D, pilosa, Roxb.—A tree (80—90 + 40—50 + 8—9), shed- Dillenia. | DILLENIACER. 21 Has. ae unfrequent in the upper mixed forests of the Andaman Islands.— Fi. H..S.; —l. =SiS REMARK xs,—Wood saiiesl greyish, sila close-grained, rather coarsely fibrous . heavy. May be on Bi for house-building. parviflora, Griff.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 38.—Lingyow.— A a Poh a 30—35 + 6—8), leafless during HS., all parts more or less pubescent ; leaves obovate-oblong to elliptical, on slender sity about 14 in. long pubescent, shortly acuminate or acute, and-toothed, chartaceous, scabrous above, shortly and densely Se baent beneath, about 8-10 in. long ; flowers rathet small, yellow, nearly 2 i ee in diameter, on 1 to 2 in. long, shortly pubescent, 1- or 2-bracted peduncles, arising by 2 to 4 from very short wart-like branchlets along the branches ; hes densely pubescent; petals oblong, about 8 to 10 ln. long, on long slender claws; styles 5-7, as long as the carpels; fruits globular, orange-coloured, shortly pubescent, the size of a walnut. Has.—In the mixed forests, especially the upper ones ; oe ag: in nie be Martaban, a as up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. H. 8.; Fr. Beginnin: of R. 1, SiS. Metam 6. : See Roxb.; H f Ind. Fl. i. 38.—A_tree (40—50 + 10—25 + 3—4), shedding leaves in the HS., all softer parts shortly pubescent ; bark grey, rather smooth ; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, up to a foot long, on a slender about one in. long pubescent petiole, acute on both ends, slightly repand-toothed, scabrous above, densely roughish pu nt beneath ; flowers about 1} in. across, yellow, on 4 to 2 in. long, ——— 2- to 3-braeted peduncles, arising usually by 3 to 4 or rarely more from the wart- like reduced branchlets wa the branches ; saals about 14 to ? in. one quite glabrous; petals obovate, nearly one in. long, nar- rowed at base; inner series of stamens twice as long as the outer ones; styles and carpels 5-7; fruits globular, orange-coloured, mooth, the size of a bullet. 2 ee H. S.; Fr. Begin of R. 8. Remarks. hoe: wy brown, close-grained, rather heavy. A good wood, takes fine polis (gis Sora te Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fil. i. 38.—Bedd. Sylv. Madi. t. M04; Brand. For. Fl. 20. —Zeng-byon—A tree (60— 70 + 25—85 - 6—8), leafless during HS., the shoots a silkhairy ; bark rather thick, greyish, irregularly breaking up into small pieces ; leaves of the young trees up to 4 ft. long and broadly decurrent on the short petioles, the full-grown ones usually 2 ft. long, on a very thick petiole 2} to 3 in. long, ainitsoblodl to obovate lanceolate, narrowed at base, acute or almost blunt, —— toothed, harshly coriaceous, glabrous or slightly appressed, pu t along the nerves beneath; flowers about 1} m. across, yale = foun “ee ; DILLENIACE. [ Delima. on smooth, somewhat heey 2 to 1 in. long, naked peduncles arising in clusters of 3 to 9 from the reduced wart-like branchlets along the branches ; sepals about 5 lin. long, smooth ; petals obovate, narrowed towards the base, about 8 lin. long ; carpels and Hla 5: fruits globular, the size of a cherry, smooth, orange-yellow Has.—Mixed oe oo the upper ones; frequent from a and Martaban down to Ten to 2,000 ft. elevation. —Fl. H. S.; Fr. Begin of R. 8.—l.—SS.= is. RemarKs.—Wo0d rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained = ee eg , greyish- brown, striate. Used for house-posts in house-building. W = ~ 3, pd. DELIMA, L, Sepals 5. Petals 2 to 5. Filaments dilated at the upper a outer cells much -diverging. Carpel solitary, 2-3-ovuled, almos globose, narrowed in a subulate style. Ripe carpels follicle like, coriaceous. Seed solitary, with a cup-shaped toothed arillus.—Climb- ers, with harsh leaves and small panicled flowers. 1. D. sarmentosa, L. ; H.f. Ind, Fi. i. 31.—An evergreen, large, woody climber, with rough red-brown branches ; leaves varying from obovate to oblong-lanceolate, blunt or acute, 3 to 4in. long, crenate- serrate, very scabrous from scattered minute appressed stiff hairs ; ont small, white, in large axillary panicles at the end of the che Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests all over Burma; from Chittagong and Pegu down to the Andamans ; also Ava—Fl. R. S.—s:1.—SS. = SiS. TETRACERA, L. pals 4-6. Petals as many or sometimes fewer. Filaments dila: st apex ; anther-cells distinct or more or less diverging. Carpels 3-5, rarely fewer, many-ovuled, the ovules in rows. Ripe carpels follicle-like, coriaceous, 1-5-seeded. Arillus lacerate-—Climb- ers, with usually harsh Getic and small white panicled flowers. ae YE; — DC. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 31.—An evergreen shrubby og the young parts usually stiff-hairy ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, serrate-toothed, 3 to 4 in. long, glabrous above, beneath, especially along the nerves, appressed-pilose ; flowers rather small, white, in small poor panicles; sepals glabrous, ciliate ; follicles 3-5-seed ; the arillus orange-red. Has = Cbttbspong: Sikeags ts is another new species of this genus (7. Aygrophila) ee ws abundantly in the swamp forests between the Irra ar the Lhein river, but the flowers or fruits have not yet gees = = = _ than the oblong anthers. (From Hooker’s Indian Flora.) Lilicium.] - MAGNOLIACER. 23 MAGNOLIACE. Sepals and petals very deciduous, arranged in whorls of 3, hypogynous. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous; the filaments free or connate ; anthers basifix, the cells adnate, bursting longitudinally. Carpels indefinite, free, or partly cohering in one whorl or in seve- ral on an elongate torus ; styles stigmatic on the inner face; ovules 2 or more, or those of the ventral suture anatropous or amphitrop- Fruit composed of berry-or follicle-like, or rarely of woody — indehiscent carpels, sometimes arranged in a cone. Seeds solitary or few, sometimes suspended from a long funicle ; the testa single and erustaceous, or double, the outer fleshy. Albumen granular, fleshy and oily. Embryo minute.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes aromatic, with alternate simple leaves, with or without stipules. Flowers usually large, solitary, or clustered, axillary or terminal. The species are rich in a bitter, aromatic, tonic principle, chiefly present in the bark of the root and stem. The following are the only species hitherto known from Burma; they are scarce in the forests, and, therefore, of comparatively little importance to the forester. %* Stipules none. Perianth double. Carpels in a single row : . : : ‘ : s " - LIilicium. * > Stipules conspicuous, convolute, and sheathing the young foliage, deciduous. ; © Ovary sessile. Carpels of fruit indehiscent, deciduous . fe ; ‘ . Talauma. Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovuls2 . . .. Fruit-carpels dehiscing dorsally. Ovules6ormore . . . Manglietia. OO Ovary stalked . F + ‘ ps, - Michelia. ILLICIUM, L. Sepals 3-6. Petals 9 or more, in 3 or more series. Stamens indefinite ; filaments thick ; anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries inde- finite, in a single whorl, 1-ovuled ; style subulate, recurved. Folli- cles stellately spreading, hard, compressed. Seeds compressed. Albumen fleshy.—Evergreen aromatic trees or shrubs, with simple pellucid-dotted leaves and small solitary or fascicled flowers. 1. I: majus, H. f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 40.—A shrub, 30 ft. high ; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, on a 1 in. long petiole, sharply acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; flowers pink, on a 1-3 in. long pedicel, solitary or fascicled, almost _ terminal ; “ perianth segments” about 16 ; sepals and petals orbieu- __ lar, ciliate, the inner petals broad-oval ; Sees awe broader _ Has.—Tenasserim, Thoungyeen range, at 5,500 ft. elevation, x S 24 : MAGNOLIACER. [ Talauma. TALAUMA, Juss. Sepals 3. Petals 6 or more, in 2 or more rows. Stamen indefinite, in many series ; anthers linear, introrse. Ovaries seas indefinite, in spikes or heads, 2 2-ovuled ; stigmas decurrent. Car- pels woody, separating from the woody axis at the ventral suture. Seeds suspended —_ a long funicle, the outer testa fleshy. Album ame —Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves and convolutely stipuled Pat buds. Dares large, terminal. Leaves glabrous ; fruits 4 to 6 in. long . : T. Rabaniana. Leaves usually pilose or downy beneath ; fruits 2 in. long i 7. Candollei. 1. T. Rabaniana, H.f.& Th. Ind. Fil. i. 40.—An evergreen large tree ; leaves lanceolate, on an in. long petiole, 8-12 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers very large, solitary, terminal ; fruits large, 4-6 in. long, oval ; cares e peat, irregularly obovate, ob- tusely beaked, 14 in. long by 1 broad. Has. —Tenasserim, Mergu a Candollei, Bl. (7. eset Bl. ; H. £. Ind. Fl. i. 40).— An evergreen large shrub or tree, with bro own branches ; leaves oval or lanceolate, on a 1-2 in. teu petiole, acute at base, 6-12 in long, acuminate, a glossy above ; flowers large, white, soli- tary, ter ; sepals 3, broadly oval, 1-2 in. long; petals 6, nearly equal, obovate ; " shaiiehs more than 83 times shorter than the petals ; carpels 9-12 ; fruits small, 2 in. long ; ripe carpels tubercled, shortly recurved-mucronate. Has.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein southwards. MAGNOLIA, L. Sepals 3. Petals 6-12, in 2 to 4 whorls. Anthers linear. 1s sessile, many, oblong-spicate, 2-ovuled. ee carpels cori- n oily.—Trees, with simple leaves and convolutely stipuled leaf-buds. Flowers large, terminal. 1. M. sphenocarpa, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 41.—An evergreen _ middling-sized tree, the young shoots almost greyish tomentose ; leaves oblong, on a ‘rather long petiole, narrowed towards the base, blunt or nearly so, coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath minutely ae lous and glabrescent, the nerves very strong and prominent ; = ee ee: white, fragrant, solitary, on strong terminal greyish mentose pedun: cles ; petals oval, waved, fleshy ; carpels densely im- eee on a cylindrical 8 to 12 in Jong ‘eonical axis, tubercled, ter- k Rian Clctageg: Pegu.—Fl. Apr. _: Fr. C.S. more than an in. in length. Ss = “Series wanting. Stamens numerous, rarely definite, hyp Manglietia. | ANONACER. 25 MANGLIETIA, BI. Petals 6 or more, in 2 or more rows. Anthers linear. Car- leaves and terminal flow 1. M. ins t Tad. FI. i. 42.—An evergreen large tree, the leaf tas ‘eee villous ; leaves lanceolate to 0 ong- lanceolate, petioled, acute or acuminate, 4-8 in. long, glabrous, glossy above ; flowers large, fragrant, pale rose-coloured or white, solitary, on a short and thick “terminal peduncle ; sepals oblong, blunt, 3 in. long, reddish ; petals 9, the inner ones oradually smaller ; carpels purple, 3- G-sooded, cohering into an oblong 3-4 in. long almost solid fruit-con Has.—Pegu. MICHELIA, L. Sepals and petals usually conform, 9 or more, imbricate in 3 or more rows. Anthers linear. Carpels stalked, numerous, in spikes, with 8 or more ovules in each. Ripe carpels laxly spiked on outer testa fles hy y- Albumen oily.—Trees, with simple leaves and rather large solitary axillary flowers. 1. M. che L.; H. f. Ind. Fl. i. 42 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 6 ; Brand. For. Fl. 3. t. oe —aAn evergreen tree (30+8-+ 23), the young shoots appressed greyish or tawny pubescent ; leaves ovaté-lanceolate, acute at base, long petioled, 8-10 in. long, acu- - minate, while young somewhat downy beneath, glossy above; flowers yellow or orange-coloured, fragrant, on a very short, t ick, peduncle ; sepals and petals 15—20, 14 to 2 in. long, the outer ones cuneate-oblong, somewhat acute, the inner ones inear- oblong, acute; ripe carpels almost sessile, forming a lax 2 to 4 in. long curved spike. Has oa ee tropical ipcakd: rare in Martaban; also Tenasserim.—Fl. H. and RS.; r. C.S.—s.—SS. = Metam REeManxs “Wood ther heavy, pwood greyish, coarsely fibrous, the —Woa baskiahe roaetad ithe supwood_aarrow takes a fine polish. — ANONA CEM. Flower 1- rarely 2-sexual. Sepals 3, free or connate, oxtaallg = valvate in bud. Petals 6, hypogynous, in two rows, or the inner 26 ANONACER. [ Nichelia. closely packed on the torus ; filaments shart or wanting ; anthers nate, the cells extrorse or almost lateral, the connective often produced. Ovaries several or rarely solitary, free (in Anona con- nate) ; styles short or none; ovules 1 or more in each cell. Ripe carpels 1 or more on the torus, sessile or stalked, 1- or more-seeded, usually berry-like and indehiscent. Seeds glossy,” crustaceous or ru axis into horizontal plates. Embryo small or minute, the cotyle- dons diverging.—Trees or shrubs, often scandent, with alternate simple and entire leaves. aces none. er comprising numerous Burmese species, all woody, but of aecukively little fr portanis to the forester, the timber of most of the trees being of inferior quality. The seeds of some species contain a highly ‘acrid principle fatal to insects, on which account natives use them powdered for occasionally washing their hair. Several produce edible and delicious fruits. * Petals in 2 series, one or both imbricate in the bud, = many, closely packed, the anther-cells con- Flops 1- or es sexual ; ovules ae, rape few or pg i . Uvaria. *k * —_—: valoate or open d, spreading % m floiver, pag the base ale ‘the inner one conform pins a * Shows ns many, closely peckail the onthor- cells concealed by the overlapping connectives. Ovaries indefinite. © Petals connivent ~*~ = concave base and covering the stamens and ov: Ovaries i many-ovuled ; gorceet not heoked ; - Cyathocalyz, Ovaries many, 2-ovuled ; peduncles usually hooked, mt scand- ent shrubs > . Artabotrys. ie) oO Petals flat, spreading from the base. : poe carpels berry-like, indehiscent. — oo Ovules many, at two rows. Pei . « » Cananga. er Ovulea 4-8 ur aagie tow akep Bis ventral suture, Shrubs . Unona. Ovules 1 or 2, basal or nearly so. Treesor shrubs. . . . Polyalthia. Ripe carpels follicle-like, dehiscent . . . Anaxagorea. opowia. © O O Inner petals valvate, oe : ; KK x. —— valoate in bud, the outer ones spreading ; dissimilar, i : 60 and pistil. Stamens Patt closely — et, 8 i packed, =~ anther-cells concealed over co or ies indefinite, scies Hepp ing X Inver esi ack Ww Shru bs ; inner petals tee than the outer o ape i ei « Oxymitra. - Trees ; inner — much ate er than the outer . Pheanthus. an =< er petals cla ned usually neler than the outer ere oo the base of ovary . ‘ ‘ Trees; ovules m ¢ * OK x * < Petals valvate i in bud, , thick and rigid, cone ing. Stamens many, eae Eltron packed seh eotbidcealis con- cealed by the produced connectives, Ovaries i mete: Goniothalamus. . Mitrephora. ’ POE Oe SE AD Uvaria. | ANONACER, 27 at Preks. consisting of many connate ares $ : . . Anona. Fruit carpels berry-like, free . Melodorum. : * Petals imbricate ¢ or valvate i in n bud. Sta often definite, —— imbricate, the aulshihastlat aot concealed by the overlapping connectives. Ovaries on or Lm efinite. © Petals valva — petals Scere peated defini Trees . . . . Miliusa. Trees ; inner petals largest ; abe s indefinite . ° ° ‘ a ; Petals almost equal ; ovules 70 ° * — lphonse Inner petals shortest ; ovules 2-4, gee or shrubs : ‘ Orcnkia. OO Petals imbricate ; almost equal; trees . ° . . Bocagea, UVARIA, L. Sepals 8, usually united at base, valvate in bud. Petals 6, im- bricate in 2 rows, sometimes united at base. Stamens indefinite, the connective foliaceous or truncate-dilated, and produced aes the anther-cells. Torus somewhat raised. Ovaries many, with numerous, rarely few or a single ovule in each. Berries differently shaped, many- or by abortion few- to 1-seeded.—Scandent, rarely erect shrubs, with opposite leaves and usually conspicuous flowers, * Ovules Spent pens A rarely 2 or 3. ns erect shrubs. U. ferruginea, * *K Ovule Yy, rarely abet Seandent shru § Viens. a is or iddling sized, the pare ter- a into a eae almost leafy ap ppendage. © Carpels on long stalks. ~ sbe solitary ; carpels tomentose ; all parts — tomentose . U. purpur owers usually solitary ; Saanals be wny hirsute ; all parts hirsute. U. 5 tat totes Pane by 2 or 3 on a peduncle ; carpels tu tubercled and stellately hispid-tomentose ; all parts minutely puberulous U. ptychocalya. O sessile, or on a very short stalk. Peduncles 3- to 6-flowered ; — eager F - U. macrophylla, Peduncles 1- to a red ; carpels tomentos - U. bracteata. §§ Flowers minute ; ; the ei truncate, hardly pro- ced b anther-cell. Bernies long stalked. U. micrantha, arpare, ea, Bl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 47.—An evergreen large tee i the softer parts covered with a dense, short, ae coloured tomentum ; leaves elliptically oblong, 5-10 in. long, on a very short, thick, VRE ET petiole, narrowed at the cordate base, shortly scuminate, densely stellate-tomentose, turning roughish above; flowers dark-purple, about 3 in. in diameter, solitary, ona — rusty-tomentose peduncle hardly 6-8 lin. long, bearing 1 r 2 ‘large rotundate bracts; calyx ne a ——— icconiy ni broadly ovate, shortly ame: umerous, narrowed into a eee. stalk, ‘elongate-oblong ng, vilindvical, sy pointed, marked by 2 parallel prominent ribs on the back, densely and shortly os ntose. ___ Han.—Evergreen forests ; not uncommon in Martaban and Tenasserim- 28 ANONACER. | Uvaria. in. ng blood-red, pu erulous ; carpels Stang to obovate-oblong, hirsute, 1-14 in long, on a stalk equally long. Has. ais in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah.—-s. 3. U. ptychocalyx, Miq.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 49.—Tha-bwot- nway.—An evergreen large scandent shrub, the softer es covered with a rusty-coloured scurvy tomentum ; leaves oblong to obovate- oblong, 6-8 in. long, on a very short, thick, tomentose petiole, rounded or slightly cordate at base, coriaceous, shortly puberulous on both sides, glabrescent beneath ; flowers several together on a short, thick, one-bra¢ uncle ; sepals and petals densely tomentose from very short fascicled hairs ; the former broad, acute, the latter oblong, acute ; carpels long-stalked, globular, or nearly so, tubercled- wrin and covered with a short tawny stellate-hispid tomentum, elevated-ribbed on the back. Has.—Not uncommon in the tropical sont of the southern oe of the Pegu Yomah down to Tenasserim, Moulmein.—Fl. BR. 8.; F —s:l. 4. U. macrophylla, Roxb.; H £ Ind. Fl. i. 49. Pla Sook nway.—An evergreen large woody climber, all softer = shortly tomentose ; leaves oblong or elliptically oblong, about 3-1 ft. long, on a short, ‘thick, tomentose tose petiole, shortly acuminate, “pounded or te at base, shortly stellate-tomentose, turning roughish above ; flowers about 13 im. across, purple, on about } in. “long tomentose bracted pedicels, arising several together from the short tomentose leaf-opposite peduncle hardly an in. long; calyx rusty- tomentose ; petals ovate, acute, almost equal, shortly tomentose ; — oblong to slasher: fleshy and sappy, about 1 to 24 in. long, _ on a very short, thick stalk or almost sessile, glabrous, yellow, then bluish black. Has.—Frequent all over —— from Chi : serim, especially i in the mixed forests.—FI. R. Set Now. : Pa so ale riers 5. U. bracteata, Roxb. ; os f. Ind. Fl. i. 49.—An ever oak tal _ woody climber, the younger parts tomentose ; leaves obese to age piienaerces 9 4-7 in. eae narrowed at the rounded — on a short _ almost ¢ ea rous petiole, acute - se acuminate, thin, coria- — €eOUs, Ss. y puberulous, especi y along the nerves, gl above, pale beneath ; leaf. Souk 4 lossy peduncles -opposite, about 4 an in. long, pubes- » ch Se % * Se ey ot ee oe ee Cyathocalyx. | ANONACER. - 29 cent, usually 2-flowered, furnished with a leafy petioled deci- duous bract ; flowers pale-yellow, hardly 4 an in. across; i 9 wane puberulous. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. May; Fr. Sept. 6. U. ferruginea, Ham. (Eilipeia Ferstine, Hf: & oy Ind. FI. i. 52).—A low, erect shrub, 14 to 3 ft. high, leafless in H8., all softer parts tawny tomentose ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 4-6 in. long, on a short, thick, tomentose _petiole, blunt or mucro- nate, or rarely acute, obtuse at base, coriaceous, softly tomentose, .—Not wu uncommon in the saa sia low forests of the Irrawaddi zone, oe more Mptcalby 3 in the Prome district; also Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr. ; Jan.—Feb.—1.—_ 88. = Lat., Arg. 7. U. micrantha, H. f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 51.—An evergreen large woody climber, the shoots rusty-tomentose ; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, very shortly petioled, about 3-5 in. long, » > shortly and bluntish or PAY: long acuminate, rounded at base chartaceous or almost coriaceous, glossy above, slightly pubescent along the si beneath ; iswers hardly 5 lin. in diameter, white, solitary, or by 2 or 3ona bracted very 1 in. or fare eee ee Flowers about an in. long ; carpels tomentose . WM. rubiginosum. : ‘Flowers 3-4 lin. tag . M. Griffithii Flowers rete an in. long; : carpels s densely verrucose, pubescent. M. verrucosum. Flowers 1 in. long ; carpels almost glabrous . + M. bicolor. 1. M. macranthum, Kz.—An evergreen tree 20—25 feet high, Pibrous, the leaf-buds tawny velvety ; leaves oblong or elliptically obec, on a rather —— glabrous strong petiole, acute at base, 6-7 in. te or apiculate, membranous glabrous ; 3 “flowers = white , large, on art about an in. —s puberulous pedicels, arising soli- : tary and moves Marie the branches ; sepals spreading, ovate, 5-6 lin. long, rather t, glabrous, coriaceous ; petals white, turning Eee Ee EE ee ee eee a ee 2 ee Helodorum. | ANONACEX. 43 yellowish, the outer ones oe nearly 5 in. long, acumi- nate, glabrous ; the inner short, about an in. long, blunt, puberulous and glabrescent bias mera alae inside. Hap.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fl. June.—s. . M. rubiginosum, H. f. Ind. Fi. i. 79.—An evergreen seand- ent to b, the younger parts densely tawny pubescent ; leaves oblong or broadly oblong, 6-12 in. long, = at or almost cordate at base, on a thick tomentose petiole 8-9 lin. long, peeilats. or BES rarely blunt, coriaceous, the midrib above and the whole under-surface rusty or tawny tomentose ; flowers rather large, axillary, on an in. long or longer bracted pedicel, solitary, or often forming a 5- 6-flowered terminal rust tomentose panicle ; sepals broad, nearly a line long ; the outer petals more than an in. long, oval-oblong, tawny tomen- tose outside, the inner somewhat shorter and narrower ; berries ee about an in. long, btapatadked, tawny tomentose ee in the tropical forests of Martaban; also Tetiadoodi and Chittaponp 3. M. Griffithii, H. f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 80.—A large scandent shrub, all younger parts tawny pga leaves oblong: or narrow- oblong, 3-5 in. long, rounded at base, on a pubescent petiole 4 lin. long, rather blunt, father coriaceous, the midrib above and the whole under-surface tawny pubescent ; flowers $ in. long, on tomentose 3-4 lin. long pedicels, arising by 2 to 5 or more leaf-opposed short peduncles or forming a eyme on the short axillary Hazs.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Decb. 4. M.verrucosum, H. f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 80.—A large woody ~ climber, all softer parts brownish puberulous ; leaves oblong, shortly and almost bristly acuminate, on a strpng puberulous petiole 3-4 lin. long, rounded at base, 4-6 in. long, coriaceous, beneath shortl. puberulous all over ; flowers rather small, about 4 in. long or longer, on an in. long. tawny-velvety, pedicel, 1-bracted at the middle, almost bellate from a very short peduncle ; _ ova e soe _ petals tawny-velvety, ovate-oblong, mane < or more thick, on a strong stalk of similar length, ath, amnost gl globular, verrycose-" -wrinkled, tawny-velvety, glabrescent. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. Apr. 5. M. bicolor, H. f. & Th. Ind. Fi. i. 80.—An ever, ent shrub, the younger parts Eberly tawny pubescent; ae cone to oblong- lanceolate, on a pubescent petiole {-4 in. long, objuae: = — 44 | 3 ANONACEE. [ Mitrephora. base, 4-6 in. long, blunt or acute, saint chartaceous, the midrib and the whole under-surface tawny pubescent; flowers fap re or by 2-4 fascicled, about . in. long, on an — in. sone den or spartan villous outside ; berries aioe about an in. thick, on a thick 4-1 in. long stalk, tomentose. Has Rice in the tropical forests of the western slopes of the Prome Yomah ; Ava. MITREPHORA, Bl. Sepals 3, orbicular or ovate. Petals 6, in 2 ‘rows, valvate, the outer ones free and spreading, the inner ones clawed and cohering with their blades into a mitre. Stamens oblong-cuneate, the con- nective truncate-capitate. Ovaries many, with many ovules in each, attached to the suture in 1 or 2 rows; style oblong. Berries stalked.—Trees or shrubs, with often rather conspicuous flowers * Flowers dioecious, about 3 lin. long. a ease: nerves —— —_ —— and petals entose . ML. reticulata. =e - Flow ers conspicuous, t 2 in. in diameter Leaves ed a tomentose beneath ; flowers 2 in. across, on short and thi - M. tomentosa. — Rosy uberulous or almost glabrous flowers “about across, on long slender pedicels . - M. vandeflora, 1. M. reticulata, H. £. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 77.—A small tree, the — younger parts puberulous; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 in. long, usually unequal at the obtuse or acute base, on a ‘Has. ers 2 tomentosa, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 76.—A tree, the branchlets and younger parts tawny tomentose ; leaves oblong or _ ovate-oblong, 6-7 in. long, rounded at base, coriaceous, acumi- _ nate, acute, or almost blunt, the midrib and ‘whole under-surface = softly tawny tomentose ; flowers about 2 in. in diameter, on a 3 to Im. long, thick, tawny tomentose pedicel bracted above the peduncle; sepals broadly ovate, acute, — Ete one ater eee ae ene PIER LITE AE NaN S ERE TE oy See nates —- a poor 2-4-flowered cyme ona very short leaf- - _ (Very near to I. obtusa.) | gyvle imeach; styleblong.. Berries fleshy, connate into a mar ees ie Le fe st Mos 1? “ Anona. | ANONACEA. 45 tawny tomentose ; petals tawny tomentose outside, the outer ones nearly an in. long, ovate, acute, parallel-veined, the inner ones narrowed in a broad claw, the lamina broadly ovate; berries ovoid or almost globular, the size of a bullet, tawny tomentose, on a 1-13 in. long stalk. Has.—Chittagong ; rare along choungs in the tropical forests of the central parts of the Pegu Yomah.—s.—SS, = SiS. inner ones connivent with the claws short an broad, puberulous outside, tomentose along the borders, yellow, white and red-dotted at the tip. : Var. 1. vandeflora proper : leaves narrower and long-acumi- ~ nate, of a thicker texture, shortly pubescent on both sides, but more = so beneath, opaque ; petals uniformly pale-yellow. Var. 2. chartacea: leaves broader, apiculate to bluntish, thin papery, glabrous, at least above; petals yellow, reddish-striped.— Has.—Tropical forests ; rare on the Pegu Yomah ; frequent in Martaban up to 2,000 ft. elevation ; also Chittagong—Fl. Feb.—March.—s.—SS. = Metam, SiS. RemMaRrxs.—Wood light-brown, perishable. : -ANONA, L. — Sepals 3, valvate. Petals usually 6, valvate, in 2 series, the outer ones fleshy, connivent or almost spreading, the inner ones — Ovaries numerous, usually united, with a 46 | ANONACE. [ Miliusa. ~ eelled oval or globular fruit.—Trees or shrubs, of American origin, with solitary, terminal, or leaf-opposed flowers. * Fruits degen Leaves usually blunt; fruit with prominent geese areoles A, squamosa. Leaves acuminate, lang areoles of fruit not or hardly project ing A, reticulata. * * Fruits very large, muricate ; all parts glabrous . A. muricata, 1. A. squamosa, L.; H. f. Ind. Fl. i. 78; Brand. For. Fl. 6.—A small tree, up to 20 feet high, leafless in the ‘HS., the young shoots slightly pubescent; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, usually blunt, while young pubescent, soon turning glabrous ; peduncles 1- flowered, usually solitary ; flowers yellowish-green ; exterior petals narrow- lanceolate, blunt, concave at base, 3-sided near the apex, connivent ; inner ones scarcely any ; fruit ovoid, the size of a shal fist, elau- cous green, with prominent convex areoles. Has.—Cultivated all over Burma; ona large scale planted in the Prome District.—Fl. March; Fr. R.8.—1. —S8. = w CaS. 2. A. reticulata, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 78.—Aw-za.—A small ite up to 25 ft. high, leafless in the HS. ; leaves (sche agar uminate, glabrous, minutely pellucid-dotted ; peduncles lateral, ook by 2-4 together ; flowers yellowish-green ; peuslor petals oblong, connivent, 3-si ded towards the apex, convex below, the inner ones minute, smaller ie the calyx, blunt; fruit irregularly globose, umbilicate at base, areolate, the areoles 5-angular, flat, not or hardly projecting. sori and there ingot in native gardens and villages of Pegu and S.; Fr. B.S Tenasserim.—. 3. A. muricata, L.—An evergreen small tree, all parts glabrous ; pani ala acute or apiculate, toe flowers yellowish green, —— or by pairs, on axillary peduncles ; the outer fare) co minate, the inner ones blunt; fruits green, varying in size from 4 to 2 ft. length, covered by appressed fleshy thick prickles. Han.—Cultivated in villages of Tenasserim.—Fr. Close of R. S.—s. MILIUSA, Lesch. . . Flowers usually dioecious. Sepals 3, minute, valvate, usually almost conform with the sepals, the inner ones much longer, erect- _ connivent, sometimes cohering. Stamens few or numerous, the connective hardly apiculate. Torus cylindrical. Ovaries numerous, _ with 1 or 2, rarely more ventral ovules in each; style oblong. reflexed. Petals 6, valvate, in 2 series, the outer ones minute and = Borriesglobular or —— with solitary or clustered flowers. Miliusa. | ANONACEE. 47 * Pedicels 2—4 in. long, without or with a rudimentary ctlet, Tomentose ; berries tomentose, shortly stalked . ; ‘ . WW. velutina. * > Pedicels short, only 6-10 lin long. : Branchlets and leaves beneath rusty pubescent ; flowers about % in. long ; pedicels bracted i . P : Leaves glabrous ; flowers nearly an in. long ; pedicels bracted . M.t Almost glabrous ; pedicels without bract . : . : - MM. sclerocarpa. in. long densely tomentose bractless pedicels, arising solitary or by pairs from a simple or branched tomentose peduncle ; sepals ovate, Hs.—Low forests and lower mixed forest, rarely in the upper ones ; Ava ; common in Pegu, but rare in Martaban and Tenasserim.—Fl. H.S. ; Fr. R. 8.-— L—SS.= © Lat. p., Arg. REMARKS.—Wood grey, soft, rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained. Used for poles of carts and harrows, yokes, spear-shafts, oars, &c. W = o! = 42 pd. 2. M. sgh ay is H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 87.—A small shrubby tree, the branchlets and younger parts brownish tomen- . tose; leaves variable in shape and size, usually oblong to oblong and ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, on a very short tomentose bractlets ; sepals and 3 outer petals almost conform, linear, rusty- tomentose ; the 3 inner petals 5-6 lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat acute, red ; torus hemispherical, tomentose; berries ovoid or oblong, on a slender stalk ?-1 in. long, glabrous, granulate, the size of a large pea. = = Has.—Chittagong ; Tenasserim. 3. ML. tristis, Kz.—An evergreen tree, the shoots tawny puber- ulous ; leaves ample, oblong, on a 1-2 lin. long puberulous petio . WM. Roxburghiana, ristis. - ; 43 ANONACEE. [| Alphonsea abruptly acuminate, acute and iconcobies oblique at base, chartaceous, glabrous, or minutely and sparingly puberulous on the lax net-veina- tion beneath ; flowers solitary, axillary, and leaf-opposed, on a tawny pubescent 1-bracted pedicel 4 in. long ; calyx and corolla appressed tawny pubescent ; sepals ovate-cubulate, about 2 lin. long ; outer tals twice so long, lanceolate, acuminate, the imner ones #- long, oblong, bluntish. Has. pes Kakhyen hills—Fl. March. 4. M. sc Kz.—A tree (40—50 + 15—35 + 5—5), perce te Ste fIS., the young shoots thinly appressed silky ; bark rather thin, smooth, longitudinally striate ; leaves oblong or alliptically oblong, on a rather short petiole, acute at base, apiculate, chartaceous or thin coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers dioecious, 7-8 lin. long, yellowish, on 3-4 lin. long slender pubescent bractless pedicels, fascicled or rarely singly on the very shortened axillary peduncle ; sepals and petals almost conform, short, linear-lanceolate, tawny tomentose ; inner petals 7-8 lin. long, lanceolate, blunt, puberulous outside, greyish tomentose inside ; stamens numerous, closely packed on the almost globular torus. B.—Not unfrequent in the upper mixed forests of the a _ late also a dry hill forests at 2,000—3,000 ft. elevation ; also Ten or Fl. March.—l.—SS. = Metam. Ran — Wood rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, soft, yellowish, s ALPHONSEA, Hf. & Th. Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals valvate, in 2 series, larger than sepals, equal, or the inner rather smaller. ‘Torus cylindrical or . Stamens numerous, gece packed, the connective mites . Ovaries 1 or more, with 4-8 ventral ovules in 2 rows in each ; style oblong or depressed. Berries stalked or chearly sessile. Trees with coriaceous leaves. Flowers rather small, in leaf-opposed peduneled fascicles. hakos as Jong or ae oe ia stalk _ # .« . 9 . Cemereoes, very sh . A. lutea. 1. A. ventricos Hf & Th, Ind. Fl. i. 89.—A large tree, the shoots rusty-tomentose ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, about 6-10 in. long, rounded at base, on a short, thick, “puberulo ous petiole, shortly and bluntish acuminate, coriaceous, shining above, glabrous with the exception of the pubescent midrib ; pedicles very short — or reduced ; flowers greenish white, odorous, on }-1 in. long tawny tomentose pedicels 1-bracted at base and bearing a seale-like bract- let at their middle ; sepals pubescent outside ; 3; petals 8-9 lin. long, tawny tomentose, almost trapezoid, saccate at. base ; style obl long 5 , aise stalked . ‘ . . ‘ - ‘ ° " : Leaves on the nerves pubescent ; sepals densely pubescent; carpels elongate, oblong, sessil. : Orophea. | ANONACER, 49 berries ovoid or almost globular, velvety, about 14 in. thick, on a stalk nearly an in. long. Has.—Forests of Chittagong ; also Andamans. 2. A. lutea, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 89; Bedd. Sylv. Madr.10.— A large tree, the leaf-buds tawny tomentose; leaves oval-oblong, rounded at base, on a short, thick petiole, bluntish acuminate, coria- ceous, glabrous, while young puberulous along the midrib, glossy above, pale-coloured beneath ; flowers about an in. in diameter, on Has.—Ava. OROPHEA, BI. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate, in 2 series, the inner ones clawed and cohering with their tips into a mitre-shaped cap. Stamens 6-12, ovoid, fleshy; the anther-cells dorsal, large, conti- guous. Ovaries 3-15, with 4 ovules in each ; style short or none. Berries 1- or few-seeded.—Trees or shrubs, with usually smal illary flowers, solitary, fascicled, or cymose. * Flowers hardly 2-3 lin. in diameter. Leaves glabrous ; sepals minutely hispid, ciliate ; carpels globular, k - O. polycarpa. - O. hexandra, > e . . . . . . % Flowers about an in, in diameter; leaves pubescen’ beneath. eres . oe «- «|. O. Brandisii. DC.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 91.—A large shrub or 1. 0. poly small tree, the shoots more or less pubescent ; leaves obovate or oblong, 3—4 in. long, very shortly petioled, obtuse at base, blunt- ish acuminate, chartaceous or almost coriaceous, glabrous, glossy ; stamens 6; berries the size and shape of a pea, on a slender stalk 2 lin. long, glabrous, 1 d. Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans; also Marta- ban and Tenasserim.—Fl. March; Fr. June.—s.—SS. = Metam., SiS. 2. QO, hexandra, Bl. (O. acuminata, DC. ; H.f. Ind. FI. i. 91.) — A shrub or small tree, the branches and young parts tawny pubescent ; leaves oblong- or ovate-laneeolate, obtuse at base, on a very short puberulous petiole, acuminate or cuspidate, 4-6 in. long, _ a Mo. Bot. Garden, 2 : 50 ANONACEE. > [ Boeagea. chartaceous, pubescent on the nerves beneath; flowers about 3 lin. in diameter, greenish white with a tinge of rose, on } im. long pubescent pedicels, arising from nearly as long lateral or supra- axillary pubescent peduncles ; sepals oblong, acute, densely pubes- cent outside; outer petals cordate-ovate, acuminate, pubescent ; stamens 6; ovaries 3-6, gd berries elongate-oblong, almost sessile, cylindrical, acumin Hap.—Tenasserim. 3. O. Brandisii, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 92.—An Meh See tree (20—25 + 10—12 + 1—14), the Sed ps oa pubescent ; bar. about a line thick, rather smooth, blackish ; cut pale coloured ; leaves to elliptically oblong, ona very short tawny tomen- tose petiole, usually somewhat narrowed towards the rounded base, shortly acuminate, 5-6 in. long, membranous, beneath pubescent and on the nerves tawny tomentose ; flowers about an in. in diameter, on strong e. 3 in. long pubescent pedicels, arising from a rather short tomentose supra-axillar ; sepals ov: vate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, pubescent ; “outer petals broadly ovate, acute, spreading, pubescent, greenis nish, the inner ones connivent, yellow, turning reddish ; unripe carpels densely pubescent, oblong, sessile, 1-seeded. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of streamlets ; also Seanaatas: —Fl. Ap rMa ay.—s. —88. = Mae. os oo —Wood rather light, fibrous, but close-grained, pale-coloured and BOCAGEA, St. Hil. Sepals orbicular or ovate, imbricate. Petals 6, imbricate, in 2 Rew nearly equal, concave. Stamens 6-21, imbricate, in 2 or Sie en Seen Soni aaet the oe ror ae z: a ae Hf. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 92.—A large evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves linear-oblong, 8-10 in. long, obtuse at base, on a short thick petiole, acute or blunt, coriaceous, almost polished ; flowers small, axillary or arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves of the older branchlets, solitary or fascicled, on _ very short pedicels scaly at base and ‘tarnished with a rounded _ bractlet at about the aes sepals emebreeine Seer ciliate ; | y oval, ciliate, i in. long ; stamens berries glo- bular, about an in. thick, smooth, very ae stalled, Has Sine ee we parts g < . _ Young agrecaad shoots nike or tomentose ; drapes the size eS of a cherry Pear Tinospora. } MENISPERMACER. 51 MENISPERMACEA. Flowers dioecious. Sepals usually 6, rarely 1-4 or 9-12, usu- free, in 2 to 4 series. Petals 6, rarely 1-5 or none, free or connate. Males: stamens hypogyn ous; filaments and anthers free or connate, the ea 2-celled ; ovaries rudimentary or none, Females: staminodes 6 or none. Ovaries 8, rarely 1 or 6-12, with a soot! or rivals 2 ovules in each; style terminal or lateral. Ripe carpe paceous, with an almost basal or excentrical style- scar. Seeds usually curved or reniform, the endocarp often intrud- ing. Albumen even or ruminate, or none. Cotyledons fleshy or leafy.— Herbs or shrubs, twining or scandent, with usually palmately nerved alternate leaves. Stipules none. Flowers minute, variously arranged, Active narcotic and bitter principles prevail in this order, and the juice of Tinospora is, therefore, often used as a febrifuge. About 21 species are found in Burma, but only few of these are really woody and of any concern to the forester. The structure of the wood of these is peculiar and interesting. x. Ovaries ery 3. oa Seeds acne Seah or alnost ai emails sear oocesrae ied early so; pe - Tinospora. As reared peta ne ‘. = x . Fibraurea. Style-soar — face 1 = Nicauke ‘a connate ‘< - < . Anamirta. * x 8 ee ene sacs sce d.. O. sda apes ce Petals 6, minute ; ovaries 3-12; style subolate : - «+ + Tiliacora, Petals 8-8; ovaries 3; style com : ‘ . . Limacia. Petals 6; ovaries 3-6; style subulate eae - « Cocculus, oO bumen none. re gers petals, and stamens, 6 pe 3 flowers racemose or — - Pachygone. preceding, but 9 stamens; flowers clustered ‘ - Pycnarrhena. Peas 2; sepals 8; stamens 4; Towers clustered . . O, polymorpha. ‘> ’ globose, tomen many - C. flavicans. Giapous: st paaeahe and sepals pres glabrous flowers clitary in the . C. Siamensis. * *& Pedicels in wmbels on or corymbs in the leaf-aci shortened axillary branchlets, sometimes perisecke$ into terminal or lateral panicles. X Calyx and pedicels densely tomentose. Ovary glabro All parts tomentose or shortly and densely nitiselk pubescent the hairs not ped ieee aot De bone : ancle - “si . C. grandis. as er ; but upper si leaves pap ose ; pe- immetiereip. - ©. orbicutata -tomentose ; leaves slabrons, B-plinerved . O. triner xx o& and pedicels glabrous. Berry 1 ynophore Aner short ( (in fr fruit not above 3 in, ‘)3 : umbels or okcoryabe. | pedunc! z }). ps, oh, eS glaucous, retuse blunt ; umbels axillary : . C. glauca. Glabrous jl leaves purplish beneath, acuminate ; ‘umbels in “ rest eat sag i ; . C. ambigua. OO Gynophore long and slender. X Umbels or irre dr ine csr cled, Glabrous ; bia green, retuse ; flowers } in, in ——— umbels in terminal _ Glabrous ; aared spars flowers 2 in. in diameter the . C. floribunda. . OC. versicolor, . C. sepiaria. % Peidicels arising from the leaf-iavile in in a line one above the ote: — axillary and solitary. Capparis. | CAPPARIDEX. 61 1. C. roydsiefolia, Kz.—An rieechaee seandent shrub, armed with short, straight, spreading thorns, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves oblong or elliptically eine shortly and strongly petioled, rounded or obtuse at the base, bluntish and mucronate, ¢ e0 6-8 in. long, glabrous, laxly netveined and the nerves beneath strongly prominent; flowers rather large and showy, shortly pedi- celled, arising by 4-5 in. a line above the axils of the upper leaves and forming usually terminal glabrous racemes ; sepals acute, woolly on the margins; petals floccose puberulous, the 2 upper smaller ones obovate and pure white, the lower ones nearly an in, long, yellow, afterwards violet-coloured towards the base; ovary glabrous, the gynophore only }-3in. long; stamens numerous, the filaments white glabrous; anthers dull blue. Has.—Adjoining Siamese province of Kanbooree. 2. C. micracantha, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 179.—A large woody climber, armed with very short conical straight thorns, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to broadly lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, rounded or subcordate at the usually narrowed base, on a }-3 in. long petiole, rounded or almost retuse with a callous mucro, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, laxly netveined ; flowers 1} in. across, by 2-4 supra-axillary in a line, on 3 in. long or shorter poten: sepals oblong, acute, ciliate ; petals oblong, 1 in. long ; ovary glabrous, the gynophore an in. long ; berry almost globose or nk 2-3 in. long, smooth. Has.—Pegu ; Tenasserim. 8. C. multiflora, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 178.—A large woody climber (?), unarmed, the young shoots sparingly appressed hairy ; leaves from elliptical to oblong and obovate-oblong, at both ends acuminate, on a slender petiole only 2-3 lin. long, membranous, 3-6 in. long or longer, glabrous, very laxly netveined ; poten small, on slender slightly pubescent pedicels 3-3 in. long, numerous, in a = one are the other from the. axils of the sisi or more m the leafless part of the branchlets and appearing mose ; se nee concave-rotundate, minutely and sparingly puberulous and usually slightly fringed, about 2 lin. long; petals obovate- oblong, 24 lin. long, or a little longer, glabrous; stamens 8, the filaments glabrous; ovary and the slender $ in. long eynophore glabrous ; berries globose, 2-celled, usually 1-3-seeded, the size of a pea, glabrous. Hazs.—Ava hills, towards Assam. S 4. C, ifolia, Kz.—A scandent shrub with terete black- ss ish stems, unarmed or only a few ——— very short spiny SS stipules on the older branches, all parts glabrous ; leaves broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, on a slender, but heck petiole, acute at bang = 62 CAPPARIDER. [ Capparis. 5-6 in. long, abruptly and sharply ema membranous and a quite glabrous, vividly green ; stipules reduced to mere ints ; flowers small, white, on a 4-8 lin. long glabrous sonal arising by 4-5 in a line above the leaf-axils ; sepals glabrous, puberulous inside ; petals nearly 3 lin. long, floccose ; ; stamens numerous, aes: filaments white ; gynophore and ovary glabrous. Has t unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the ae Teak seat Martaban.—Fl. Apr.-May. 5. C. disticha, Kz—A large, erect, bushy, dense shrub, 8-10 ft. high, the spreading branches as well as the leaves conspicuously dis- tichous, armed with thin, sharp, curved thorns, all parts glabrous ; bark black, smooth ; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, usually 2-23, rarely up to 4 in. long, on a short, but slender petiole, rounded at base, abruptly and shortly acuminate, saan glabrous, net- veined ; flowers small, white, on 4-6 lin. long, glabrous, slender pedicels arising in a line from above the leaf-axils ; ; sepals pubes- cent peaiey le! along the borders ; gira unequal, about 2 lin, long, w oolly ; stamens 8, rarely 9 ; filaments white ; anthers nena a hee and ovary glabrous. Shen in the swamp-forests and in a localities of the fevsieadai- and Sittang-alluvium of Pegu and Marta’ in Prome.—Fl. Apr.-May. 6. C. horrida, L. f. ; Brand. For. Fl. 15.—Nah-ma-nee-tanyet. —A large scandent shrub, armed with short laterally compressed curved thorns, the branchlets and younger parts all Sas Si an. ; leaves from ovate to ovate-oblong, rounded at base, on a 2-3 lin. long tomentose petiole, 13-2 in. long, acute, chartaceous, beneath more or less tomentose and glabrescent ; flowers about 1- ie 1 in. in diameter, on 6-8 lin. long rusty-tomentose rather thick “pedicels several together arising in A a lime above the leaf-axils; sepals rotundate, rusty-tomentose ; S etal white, soon turning rose- coloured or pinkish, slightly woolly inside - ; filaments Hlabnaiae white ; anthers blue ; gynophore pilose towards the base ; berries the size of a prune, oblong, red, many-seeded, long stalked. . _Haz.—Frequent in the mixed forests a: ek oie nS ee 7. C. crassifolia, Kz.—A leaf-shedding scandent shrub, armed with short recurved thorns, the younger branches and young leaves beneath = from a minute tomentum Pres oe ixed Ls ‘sos ro coil aa isi ly fro: he cs nerves beneath arising mostly from near t base 5 eee le os eel, similar to those of C. horrida, on Capparis. | CAPPARIDER. 63 3-{ in. long greyish tomentose pedicels ; sepals and petals covered by a rusty-coloured woolly tomentum ; filaments numerous, glab- rous ; gynophore and the globular ovary glabrous. Han .—Frequent in the mixed dry forests of the Prome District.—Fl. March. many- -seec Has aWvequant in the dry and Eng forests of the Prome District.—F. March ; Fr, Apr.-May 9. C. flavicans, Wall; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 180.—A shrub, with the habit of Cadaba indica, armed with very short, save spreading thorns, the shoots tawny tomentose; leaves variable in shape and texture, from obovate and almost cuneate-obovate to Ee rounded, blunt, or acute at base, on a short but slender petiole, retuse or blunt, 3-1 rarely 1} in. long, chartaceous or coriaceous, young densely tawny pubescent, more or less glabrescent, the nerves Ageia, prominent; flowers small, solitary or _by pairs, on . long densely tawny tomentose pedicels arising usually from the extremities of short eres —— and often form- | ing some kind of a spurious racem corymb; sepals densely “i tawny tomentose ; petals densely aie ord about 4 lin. Se 2 2 the thick eynophore and ovary densely tawny tomentose ; berries the size of a small cherry, ovate, puberulous, 2-celled, and 2-seeded, Has.—Ava,—Fl. H.S.; Fr, Sept: ; * x seslagiee in umbels or eorymbs in the axils of the leaves nu shortened axillary branchlets, sometimes Sit goatee or lateral panicles. 10. C. Siamensis, —A climbing shrub, the branches glab- rous, armed with short rather straight spines ; leaves ovate to ovate- lanceolate, rounded or almost cordate at the base, on a slender petiole shoes ea 3 in. long, from rather blunt and almost mucronate to nearly acuminate, thick-membranous and of a texture as in Olax, — 64 CAPPARIDER. [ Capparis. 14-2 in. long, glabrous or sparingly and indistinctly pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers rather large, axillary or nearly so, soli- tary, on — puberulous pedicels hardly $ in. long; sepals broadly ovate, blunt, coriaceous, inside and on the margins shortly Gerion ; petals cuneate-obovate, pao an inch long, densely puberulous inside ; filaments glabrous, very numerous ; ovary ovoid- spindleshaped, densely and shortly pale tomentose, borne on a pubes- ——- eee 6-8 lin. long ; ovules numerous on the 3 parietal placentas Has. ~ Adjoining Siamese provinces, near Radbooree.—Fl. Apr.-May. 4. CG, grandis, L. f. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. 1. 176; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 13.—var. auric cans. —Hkaw-kwa. —A crooked “tree, hardly 15 ft. high, shedding leaves in HS, armed with short slightly curved Shor tomentose at Eee all eg parts satay yellowish bow what excurrent, coriaceous sperkiniah a citeeecens Saat arty yellowish tomentose beneath, the midi and nerves pale-coloured and ——— tri small, long slender tomen- why long, ciliate and slightly nse a on the inner ae ities numerous ; the slender gynophore and ovary glabrous ; berries - Haz.—Frequent in the dry forests, especially the mixed ones, of the Prome District.—Fl. H. 8.—1.—-SS. = CaS, Lat. RemaRxs.—Wood hard, white, close-grained, heavy and durable; good for . 12. C. orbicnlata, Wall. ; H.f.Ind. Fl. i. 176.—A much-branched -spreading shrub, armed’ with recurved thorns at the broad downy hy the branches pilose ; leaves almost orbicular, obscurely trape- zoid, on a very short petiole, cordate at base, truncate retuse or mucronate, 3-1 in. broad, papillose and hairy above, tomentose beneath ; flowers small, on }-3 in. teed pedicels, umbelled, the peduncle 1-2 in. long, l-leaved ovary glabrous; the gynophore {less than } in. long. (From Hicker: Ind, Fl.) Most probably same as the preceding spec Has.—Ava. 13. C. trinervia, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fl. i. 175. —Climbing (?) ,armed with recurved thorns, the branches brown tomentose ; leaves broadly lanceolate, tri-plinerved, 2-3 in. long, on a tomentose sare Capparis. | CAPPARIDER. 65 glabrous, the midrib brown tomentose; flowers 14-2 in. in diameter, in terminal many-flowered corymbs; pedicels 1-3 in. long, the lower ones with foliaceous, the upper ones with minute, bracts; sepals orbicular, tomentose ; ovary glabrous; gynophore 1} in, long.— (From Hooker’s Ind. F1.) te Haxs.—Tenasserim. Hazs.—Ava. 15. C.am Kz.—A large scandent shrub, armed with short, sharp, recurved thorns, the younger parts puberulous ; leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-5 in. long, on a puberulous short petiole, acute at base, almost coriaceous, acuminate, glabrous, purplish green beneath, the lateral nerves indistinct ; flowers unknown ; the fruiting pedicels about 4 lin. long, glabrous, forming by 3-4 poor umbels arranged in a terminal panicle; ovary and gynophore glabrous ; berries oblong, about 6 lin. long, smooth, red, 1-seeded. Has.—Tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fr. Apr. 16. G, Wight. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 177.—A large woody climber, glabrous, unarmed or armed with recurved thorns; leaves oblong, 3-5 in. long, rounded at both ends, retusely apiculate, coriaceous, shining above, obscurely penninerved below; flowers in. in diameter, white, on }-1 in. long pedicels ; umbels many- flowered, in large terminal panicles; sepals glabrous, reflexed ;— petals oblong; stamens about 8; gynophore 4 in. long; berry aed lin. in diameter, smooth, several-seeded.— (From Hooker’s nd. Fi.) Has.—Tenasserim. 17. C. versicolor, Griff.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 17 5.—Climbing, the _ branches glabrous, armed with short recurved thorns; leaves lance- _ olate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, bluntish and retusely acuminate, on a puberulous petiole } in. long, obscurely penninerved, — glabrous, shining above, pale beneath; flowers 2 in. in diameter, white, then rose, on an in. long pedicels; corymbs simple, ter- ee in lateral racemes 1-1} in. long; sepals glabrous, ovate, the = ‘ : oe inal, with the lower flowers axillary, or few-flowered disposed _ = 66 | CAPPARIDEH. | Crateva. outer ones very convex, the inner “ petioled ” ; ovary and the 13 in. long gynophore glabrous.—(Taken from Hooker’s Ind. Fl.) Has.—Tenasserim. lin. long, glabrous; stamens numerous; ovary and gynophore glabrous ; berries globular, the size of a small cherry or smaller, ded. Has.—Common along the rocky coast of the Andamans; Pegu.—F. May. CRATEVA, L. Calyx 4-parted, the lobes imbricate and deciduous, Petals 4, long-clawed. Stamens 8-20, inserted on the border of the torus. Ovary shortly stalked, 1-2-celled, with as many placentas bearing numerous ovules in two series; stigma discoid, Berry with a hard rind, 1-2-celled, stalked, few or many-seeded. Seeds reniform.— Trees or shrubs, with digitately 3-5-foliate leaves, and the flowers usually corymbose. * Ovary and berry 2-celled Leaves whitish-glaucous beneath, long-acuminate; seeds com- co Ton ressed-reniform, 4 in. long, spinulose-tubercled on the back C. lophosperma. Leaves at ges a BRE seeds 13-2 lin. long, angular and flat, “a very hard, yellowish an ee - €. Narvala. * > Ovary and berry 1-celled ; seeds reniform or helicoid, : black, smooth. : Flowers corymbose 3 fruits globular; largetree . ., | .¢@7 religiosa. Flowers solitary, axillary ; fruits oblong; meagreshrub . | ¢. hygrophila. ae CO: Roxburg! hii, Ham. (C. religiosa, H.£. Ind. FI. i. 1723 Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 116; Brand. For. Fl. 16).—Ka-tat,—A tree (50—60+15—20 + 3—6), all parts glabrous ; leaves 3-foliolate ; licoid-reniform, smooth, 24-3 lin. long. re dr —— “ the Prome District ; also Upper Roydsia. } CAPPARIDER.” 67 RemarKs.—Wood very hard. N. In Upper Tenasserim occurs ee species ie the leaves very acuminate and beneath almost whitish-glauc oe has 2-celled ovary with very numerous aes and may be either C. neta perma, fds or more probably C. Narvala, Ham - C. hygrophila, Kz.— Yai-kha-tat.—A_ low, slender, simple- stemmed or aaa branched shrub, 2 to 5 feet high, all par quite glabrous; bark smooth, brown, white-speckled ; “leaves as in former and of same size, sometimes also much smaller; flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves and said to be white and sm mall ; berries spindle-shaped or oblong, 1-2 in. long, 1-celled on stalks of similar length, smooth, of a chocolate colour, white-dotted; seeds sega smooth, uncommon in the swamp-forests of the Inrawaddi-Alluvium.— Fl. Dee (OF ie Jan.-Feb.—s ROYDSIA, Roxb. Sepals 6, imbricate or almost valvate. Petals none. Stam iuserted on the short torus. Ovary shortly stalked, 3-celled, with numerous ovules on the 2 placentas; stigmas 1-3, “Drupe shortly stalked, with a fragile rind, containing a 1 1-seeded putamen. Testa membranous -—Scandent shrubs, with : simple leaves and small race- mose flowe Styles 3, short, sessile ; j ovary glabrous . R. obtusifolia. Style = with 3 minute stigmas ; ovary densely "pubescent . R. parviflora. 1. R, obtusifolia, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fi. Se eect. gray evergreen large climbing shrub, all parts glabrous; bark thin, grey, white-lenticellate ; leaves oblong, obtuse a ese: "fbodt 3-4 in. long, acute or blunt, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy above ; flowers small, greenish-white, on tomentose “pedicels less a $ lin, song forming greyish tomentose racemes or panicles in the leaf-axil mpound panicles at the end of the branches; sepals a a eee Goesenteds: 4 of them free, linear-oblong, the 2 others combined so as to make h; and 3$-celled, the numerous ovules attached to the angle of the central axis; stigmas 3, linear, sessile ; drupes elliptically oblong, the size of a iii somewhat = Ug oae Has.—Frequent in the swam nd along inundated marshy river- —— of the 4 alluvial lands of ag crc and tans avon: also Tenas- rim.—F]. March; Fr. May-June.—s: 1. 2. KB. Griff.; H#. Ind. Fi. i. 409.—A climbing ‘shrub ; leaves alipticl or elliptically lanceolate, 4-7 in. long, on a slender petiole §-3 in. long, acuminate, glabrous, rather membran- 68 “MORINGACER. [ Moringa. ous, the nerves almost horizontal ; flowers } in. in diameter, densely tomentose, in short very pubescent axillary racemes, and forming small terminal panicles ; sepals 6, imbricate 1 “e: - series, strap-shaped, blunt, densely pubescent, finally recurved ; stamens about 20, not much. exceeding the sepals; ovary densely somes on a gyno- phore of its own length, 3-celled; style subulate with 3 minute stigmas ; ovules about 4 in each cell—(From Hooker’s Ind. Fl.) Hap.—Ava. MORINGACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular. Calyx cyathiform, 5-parted, the lobes unequal an spreading, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, almost: conform with the sepals, the 2 upper ones smaller. Disk filling the calyx-tube, free along the very short margin. Stamens inserted to the disk-margin, 5 fertile ones alternating with as many rudimentary and often bristle-like ones ; filaments free ; anthers l.celled, longitudinally dehiscing. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas bearing many ovules in 2 rows; style slender with a perforate, truncate stigma. Capsule pod-like, 3-6-angular, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds winged or not, separated by spongy walls, without albumen —Trees, with 2- -3-pinnate leaves. Sebi none or reduced to stalked glands. Flowers in axillary panicles, MORINGA, Juss. ae characters those of the family. tery: wapernia Gaertn.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 45; Bedd. Syly. M we ees uty Brand, For. Fl. mae — Dan-tha-lone. ok tree (30—40 4+ 10-20 + 38—4), the younger parts puberulous; bark vogiketinaly corky-cracked, grey, boat an in. thick ; cut whitish- _ green ; leaves supra-decompound, the pinna and secondary pinne all opposite, the rachis and petioles, especially while young, more or less rulous; leaflets small, 3-6 lin. long, obovate, entire, blunt, on a very short but slender puberulous petiolule, membran- ous, glaucous S green, minutely pubescent above, pale-coloured and slightly pubescent along the midrib beneath; flowers white (rarely red), rather large, on 6-8 lin. long puberalous pedicels dea ty densely puberulous or shortly pubescent panicles ; pods 1-14 = ‘ft. long, Sin las and furrowed, greyish puberulous, more or ee Tess torose, 3-valved ; seeds 3- angular, the angles expanded into win, = ee ee tem and the adjacent islands.—Fl- Remass.—Wood soft, white. a _ Seeds yield the ; flowers small, pale yellow, on 4- 6 . long puberulous rming solitary axillary puberulous racemes shorter than the feaves' : seats 3-lobed ; berries oblong, the size of an olive, containing a few roundish oval seeds ‘cafedded in a soft yellow pu reer S. lucida, Wall.—An evergreen tree or shrub, all parts quite ES leaves —— lanceolate to lanceolate, acute at the base, on a glabrous petiole 4 to 4 in. long, long caudate-acu- minate, remotely crenate, 23-4 in. long, coriaceous, glossy on both sides ; fruiting racemes glabrous, stout ; calyx in fruit glabrous ; drupes obovoid (unripe), about 4 in. long, pointed, glabrous, on a glabrous stout peduncle about 3 lin ong’. Has,—Tenasserim.—Fr. Aug. FLOCOURTIA, Comm. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4 or 5, scale-like, epee anee in the males sometimes reduced to bractlets. Petals numerous. Ovary 2-5-celled, with usually paired len sttadhed to the cell-walls ; styles 2-5, free or connate at base. Berry con- taining 2 to many hard pyrenes.—Trees or shrubs, often spiny, with simple leaves and small racemose or clustered flowers. 2 Stigma simple, subulate (not thickened at ape. . Sumatrana, bs Styles short or almost wanting, thickened or truncate at the apex, or more or less bluntish 2-lobed. mes compressed and qui t. Armed a ce ieanckions and leaves Ene or a $0; flow . . #. cataphracta. As paces ogee rot ik 3 flowers ‘hermaphrodite . £&. inermis. iC) 2 cae obovoid-8-angular, with rounded back. x Lea Branchlets and cen: ‘antes in pubescen’ Fr eatin xX X Leaves Recep ne Berries the size of site eaves coriac 74 BIXINER. [ Flocourtia. F. Sumatrana, Planch; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 192.—A tree (?), Scnaientiy unarmed ; es eaves very large, 8-11 in. long, oblong, obtuse or acute at , on a thick, ates petiole 5-7 lin. long, shortly acuminate, aaa crenate-serrate, chartaceous, glabrous racemes 2-3, axillary, puberulous, 2-3 in. long; pedicels jointed, puberulous, slender ; unripe berries the size of a pepper-kernel, with 3-4 spreading, simple, subulate styles free almost from the base ; seeds small, smooth, convex on the back. Has.—Tenasserim. o. F. oo Roxb. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 193 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 16.—Na-yuwai.—A tree (30—50+ 10—30 + 3—5), shed- ding leaves in the HS, the stems fearfall armed with com- pound spines, the males less so, the young shoots slightly pubes- eent; bark 1-2 lin. thick, smooth or roughish, pulling off in irregular flakes; cut dry, ‘pale-coloured ; leaves ‘ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, rounded or acute at base, shortly but slenderly petioled, acuminate, crenate-serrate, chartaceous, bro scent along the midrib beneath; ra- eemes short, shortly tomentose or puberulous, often arising from the younger ‘lateral tomentose branchlets; sepals puberulous, villous inside ; berries oblong or ovoid, the size of a cherry, bluish-black, smooth, containing 14 to 10 very compressed tubercled-wrin large seeds in 5 to 7 vertical pairs; styles connate, short, the stig- mas almost horse-shoe-shaped dilated. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests mah and Marta- Modan eas he er eee 5 eaten Remarks.~Wood rather heavy, sas lose-grained, rather hard and ee lish. = pea inermis, Roxb. ; ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 192; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. : 16 fee: 2.£.4.—A middling-sized tree (40—-50 +§—20-+4—5), : the shoots puberulous; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 in. * ong, — or rounded at base, on a 3-4 in. long petiole, acute or acuminate, bluntish serrate, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers herma- giana, ¢ in fascicled pubescent racemes; disk covered with fleshy orange glands ; berries the size of a cherry, acid, containing 8-10 flattened pyrenes ; stigmas 4-8, 2-lobed. Hap.—Martaban, cult. (?)—Fr. May. _ RemarKs.—Wood red-b al ety a Babe! rown, heavy, rather hard, of a somewhat unequ : 4. F. mollis, H.f. & Th. Ind. Fi. i. 192.—A tree, apparently » the branchlets almost rusty pubescent; leaves oblong- aS lanceolate or oblong, on a short tomentose petiole, rounded or obtuse at base, 5-7 in. lo en ee or apiculate, crenate- Flocourtia. | BIXINER. 8 serrate, chartaceous, the under-surface and midrib above softly pubescent and on the nerves tawny or rusty tomentose; flowers dioecious, in very short tawny tomentose racemes. AB.—Tenasserim. 5. F. sapida, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 193.—Na-yuwai.—A tree (25.804 10—18 +28) ; often reduced to a much-branched shrub, armed with scattered, simple, or compound spines, the younger parts quite glabrous or more or less greyish tomentose ; leaves ovate to obovate-oblong, on a rather strong reddish petiole, obtuse or rounded at base, 3-4 in. long, blunt, crenate-serrate, membranous glabrescent, the midrib red; flowers small, yellowish, on rather short thick pedicels, forming short tomentose or glabrous racemes; sepals puberulous or glabrous outside, eniee inside; berries the size of a pea, reddish, glabrous, containing 8-10 smooth pyrenes convex on the back ; edge cohering at base, but in fruit often re- moved from each other so as to appear like so many separate styles ; stigmas thickened and shactly 2-lobed. Has.—The glabrescent form common in the dry and Eng-forests of the Prome District and Ava.—Fl. Fbr.—March ; ‘Fr. March-May—l.—SS. = CaS. 6. F. sepiaria, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 194; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 16.—A low dioecious shrub, about 2 to 5 ft. high, idan’ leaves in HS., the younger parts armed with numerous straight spreading spines oceans: fried) bearing usually flowers and leaves ; leaves small, obovate to oblong, 1-14 in. long, acute or obtuse at base, on a short very slender puberulous petiole, blunt, towards crenate-serrate, acon when full grown rigid and al most coriaceous, glabrou ; flowers small, greenish, on a slender glabrous or slightly pabertilotis pedicels 2-24 ‘in. long, forming axillary and terminal poor racemes or almost solitary ; berries as large as a pea, about 5-seeded ; seeds smooth, rounded on the back ; the styles almost sessile, thick and connate, shortly 2-lobed, “the lobes bluntish. Has.—Chittagong 13s. 30 vtundifoli, Clos.—A tree (15—20+8—12+4—l), shedding leaves in HS., unarmed, or with short axillary spines, the shoots puberulous ; leaves abasplondanents 2 or rotundate, on a — slender puberulous petiole 14 lin. long, about 14 im. Jong, blunt, crenate, membranous, glabrous ; Rives sm , greenish, on on short, but slender tawny pubescent pedicels forming s short axillary tawny eS racemes ; berries globular; styles 4-5, short, spreading. _ Rather frequent in the og mixed forests of ———— : May 188. = teagiaitied 6 other rocks. ce 76 BIXINED.. [ Xylosma, XYLOSMA, Forst. Flowers dioecious, Sepals 4-5, scale-like, imbricate in bud. Petals none. Stamens numerous, the anthers versatile, short. parietal placentas bearing 2 or only a few ovules; style simple or more or less divided, and the stigmas dilated, or rarely the stigma almost sessile and peltate. Berry 2-8- seeded. —Trees, often spmy- ee with tooshed or — entire leaves. Flowers small, clus- 064 or in short racem 1. X. sp—An evergreen glabrous tree (30—35 + 8—15 +2—34) with the 5 oe similar to those of X. longifolinm ; flowers and fruits unknown. May be X. longifolium. Has.—Frequent in the swamp forests of the Irrawaddi alluvium of Pegu. GYNOCARDIA, R. Br. Flowers dioecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or rupturing into 3-5 segments. Petals 5, with a seale at their bases. Males: stamens numerous ; anthers ‘basifix. Females : staminodes 10-15. Placentas 5, bearing numerous ovules, Berry large, globular, with hard rind. Seeds’ irregularly obovoid. Sea oily-fleshy.— Trees, Wik simple leaves and fascicled large flow 1. G. odorata, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 195 aS evergreen tree (40—50 + 12—20 + 3—4), all parts glabrous; bark about } in. thick, rather smooth, ash-coloured ; cut pale-coloured, dry ; leaves oblong to elliptically ‘lanceolate, acute at base, on a rather slender 3-4: lin. long petiole, abruptly ‘acuminate, almost coriaceous, glab- rous ; flowers pale yellow, almost 1} in. in diameter; the females larger, fragrant, on 14 in. long peduncles, fascicled, arising from tuberosities from the trunk and larger branches; stamens in males very pee -_ woolly filaments ; staminodes in females 10, pinna- . ; berries as large as an orange, on a rather slender petal LAb i in. ine globular, with a thick, ash-coloured, rough- e a. seeds numerous, imbedded in pulp. ot unfrequent in ‘the tropical fo 3,000 f pistitoy xlso Ohithiging.—_ Fr Miodh:--86 K >K Stamens and petals free Erect shrubs or trees; fruit globular, indehiscent ; albumen none . Xanthophylium. CHAMABUXUS, DC. Sepals unequal, deciduous, the 2 inner ones largest and petal- like. Petals 3, united at the base with the staminal sheath, the lower keel-shaped and usually crested at the apex. Stamens 8, the fila- ments united for 4 of their length into a split sheath; anthers opening by pores. Ovary 2- celled with a single suspended ovule m each cell. Capsule 2-celled, loculicidally dehiscing, 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate. Albumen none. Shrubs, with showy flowers. Flowers pale-lilac; crest of cs 2-lobed, the lobes many-cleft ; me mbranous ; seebia) e minute, white. . C. karensium. Flowers yellow ; ome of keel 2 pele the lobes ped -cleft ; cap- . C. arillatus. in atek (Polygala as regi oe m shrub 2-3 ft. high, all parts eaorgins leaves lanceolate or broadly lance- olate, 4- $ inches long, at e base narrowed into a rather long petiole acuminate, rsa glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; : flowers rather large, about 6-7 lin. long, white with pale lilac tips, on short but slender pedicels arranged in one-sided axillary and terminal racemes shorter than the leaves es; wings somewhat shorter than the keel, obovate benialate, blunt; keel doubly longer than the inner petals , terminated by a> 2-lobed crest, the lobes many- cleft ; capsules small, about 2 lin. long and broad, membranous, rotundate, glabrous, with a double broad chartaceous wing strongly notched at the summit; seeds obovate, silk hairy, witha very short white strophiole, AB.—Frequent in the drier = of es east of Tounghoo, at .—SS=Metam.—l, 4,000 to —— pec Fl. Fr. March Hassk. (Polygala*arillata, Ham.; H.f. Ind. Fl. - C. arillata, H = 200). —A shrub up to 5 ft. high, the younger parts pubescent ; ives from aie and oblong to Seale cre 4-6 in. a 80 POLYGALER. [ Seeuridaca. long, on a petiole $-} in. long, pea membranous, glabrous or puberulous; flowers 4 im. long, yellow, racemose, and usually forming terminal panicles ; jauce ‘linear, deciduous ; 3; sepals very unequal, deciduous, the upper one very concave, the 2 lower ones ‘small, ovate, the wings very large, ovate, purple; keel-crest 2-lobed, the lobes many-cleft ; capsule 3-$ in. long, broadly reniform, fleshy-coriaceous, in a dried state wrinkled, glabrous ; ; seeds large, globose, the siraphivle large, orange-coloured. Hazs.—Ava hills. SECURIDACA, L. Sepals unequal, the 2 inner ones erect and petal-like. Petals unequal, the 2 lateral ones minute or wanting, the lowermost con- cave and hooded. Stamens 8, the filaments united. Ovary 1-celled with a solitary ovule. Fruit a l-celled and 1-seeded samara. bumen none.—Scandent shrubs, sie simple leaves and terminal or see! simple or r compound racemes. . §. ina la Hasek. (S. Tavoyana, Wall.; H.f. Ind. FL 3 1. 208 8) A mete woody climber, the young” shoots minutely a ous ; leaves oblong to elliptically ovate, 3-4 in. long, rather — shortly petioled, obtuse or acute at base, apiculate or shortly acumi« nate, membranous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; flowers red, on long and slender pedicels, in racemes forming a compound rather lax terminal panicle ; inner sepals about 3 lin. long, keel nearly as long ; the lateral petals wholly wanting ; samara glabrous, with much raised veins, ending in a wing fully 2 in. long by 3 broad, the inner edge thickened. ae Tenasserim.—Fl. Aug. XANTHOPHYLLUM, Roxb. Sepals somewhat unequal. Petals 5, free, declinate, the keel- petal ee Stamens 8, all free or partially adnate to the petals. Disk hypogynous, annular. Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly — with 2 or more ovules variously attached; style elongate. t globular, with a thick rind, often l-seeded. Albumen none. op thick and fleshy, the radicle short.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Ov ile. © Panicle remotely supra-axillary (and sermenne = . X, virens. 0° Panicle or racemes truly axillary (and terminal). vary and s — villo ous. Leaves glaucescent beneath. 1 Y-I thick, 14-2 lin. long, — _ lous . X. eglanduloswin. es slender, in lax tomentose tomentose panicles ; pedicels ste slender . . X. glaucwm _*X Ovary glabrous, the style slender, pubesce: 2S sles kK 6 Og = a oe with a oe ‘thick * Xanthophylium. | POLYGALER. 81 s, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (50—60+4+20—30 + 4— 5), all ant cape Fog leaves from oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, bluntish acuminate, 4-6 in. long, thin coria- ceous, without glands at base, glabrous, slightly glaucescent beneath ; flowers rather small, yellowish and pinkish tipped, on a slightly puberulous or glabrous pedicels 4 to 2-lin. long, forming lax pedun- cled almost glabrous panicles arising far from above the leaf-axils and the upper ones collected into larger terminal panicles; sepals blunt, glabrous, or nearly so, the wings about 3 lin. long; ovary minutely pubescent, the style glabrous, slender with a broadly 2-lobed stigma; ovules often 4; berries globular, the size of a pigeon’s eg’, olive-coloured, 1-seeded. Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah; also Chittagong.— Fi. Vohe ca eae = SiS. 3 . SS ela? 2. X. eglandulosum, Griff. (X. Grifithii, Hf. Ind. Fl. 1. 210).— An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves lanceolate to oblong- and ovate-lanceolate, acute at base, on a 3-5 lin. long petiole, blunt- ish acuminate, 4-6 in. long, thin coriaceous, glabrous, glaueescent and opaque beneath ; flowers rather small, on tawny puberulous pedicels a line long , forming peduneled | tawny velvety panicles in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branches ; sepals bluntish, about 2 lin. long, greyish or tawny puberulous ; ovary pubescent. Has.—Tenasserim. laucum, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 209.—Thit-kpyoo—An evergreen tree (50—60 + 20—30 +4—5), all parts glabrous; bark 4 in. thick, grey, roughish ; cut brown; leaves oblong and oblong- lanceolate, acute at base, from blunt to bluntish acuminate, on a 1-2 lin. long slender petiole, chartaceous, glabrous, yellowish-glaucous and opaque beneath; flowers small, pale rose, on about a lin. long tawny puberulous pedicels, forming iii or slightly branched densely puberulous racemes in the axils of the leaves and often collected into a panicle at the end of the branchlets ; sepals blunt, densely puberulous, wings about 24 lin. long ; ovary sessile, densely tawny tomentose, terminating in a slender pubescent style; unripe berries globular, puberulous, glabrescent, the size of a large pea. Has.—Common in the swamp forests and around inundated jungle-swamps of the alluvial laine 5 and base of hills of Pegu and Martaban ; also Tenasserim.— Fi. Fr —SS.—=AlL. Remarxs.—Wood light, but com — white and pinkish, sof Seabahty yi raivakle for sie nae 2 —W.= ; i w 30-38 155—17 79 pd. ane _ 4. X. flavescens, Roxb. ay es —An evergreen tree (40— 50 +20—30 + 6—8), all parts pitied ; leaves oblong to oblong- late, 4-6 in. long, acute or obtuse and usually 2-glandular at base, on a rather short glabrous Sitka: shortly and bluntish acumi- Ze =e 82 TAMARISCINEE. [ Tamariz. nate, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, turning more or less yel- lowish in drying ; flowers small, yellow and pinkish, on rather thick 1-13 lin. long puberulous pedicels, forming puberulous, sessile, lax panicles in the axils of the leaves and collected into larger ones at the end of the branches; sepals blunt, puberulous 3 Wings 2-24 lin. long; ovary sessile, glabrous, the style rather slender, pubes- cent ; berries globular, the size of a cherry, olive-coloured , glabrous and smooth, 1-seeded. Has.—Frequent in the swamp-forests of Martaban and Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—Fl. Febr.-May; Fr. May.—s.—SS.— All. Metam. RemMarKs.—Wood rather heavy, close-grained, tolerably soft, yellowish. 5. X. affine, Be all parts glabrous ; leaves rather large, oblong to elliptical and obovate - oblong, on a 2-4 lin, long petiole, obtuse or acute and furnished TAMARISCINEZ. Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5 (4-6), free, imbricate. Petals as many, free or slightly connate at base. Stamens 4 to 10, free, inserted to a small annular hypogynous disk, or united at base; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing. Ovary free, l-celled, with 3-4 placentas from the base of the cell bearing numerous les; stig: -4, with a sessile or stalked tuft of hairs. Albumen none.—Shrubs or trees, with minute scale-like leaves and small flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles. Only 2 species of this order are found in Burma. The galls of the Indian species of Zumariz are highly astringent and used in medicine and dyeing ; the ash of 7 galiica is rich in sulphate of soda. TAMARIKX, L. . _ egllected into panicles. tare 2s seave terete almost simple branchlets ; flowers : rose-coloured, —— short — spikes, . T. dioica. white, in loose slender racemes °°) °"* _ Pediceled, « ZT. Gallica. —_ Cratoxylon. } HYPERICINER. 83° 1. T. dioica, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 249; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 20; Brand. For. Fl. 21, t. 6—An evergreen glaucous small tree or shrub, with cicatrisate red-brown branches and spuriously arti- el 1 succulent ; flowers dioecious, small, sessile, rose-coloured, in dense robust spikes terminating the branchlets; bracts as long as the flowers ; stamens 5; styles 2-3, elongate and exserted; capsules about 2 lin. long, attenuate. Has.—Ava.—Fl. C.8S. ; Fr. B.S. 2. T. gallica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 248 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 20; - Brand. For. Fl. 20, t. 5.—An evergreen glaucous small tree or large shrub, the branches usually dark-brown or blackish, all parts glabrous ; leaves scale-like, oblong or lanceolate, stem-clasping ; flowers very small, white, on short pedicels or almost sessile, droop- ing, in loose very slender 14-2 in. long racemes; b the flowers; stamens 5; disk 10-toothed ; styles 3, rather long, but not exserted ; capsules about 2 lin. long, attenuate. Has.—Rather frequent in the tidal savannahs and tidal forests of Lower Pegu.—Fl. B.S. ; Fr. C. 8.—1.—S8.—Sal. Remarxs.— Wood reddish-white, coarse-grained, rather hard and tough, but not strong; good for fuel. HYPERICINE. : Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbrieate. Petals e 5, hypogynous, imbricate, often twisted. Stamens indefinite, hypo- ‘ gynous, usually more or less distinctly united into 3 or 5 (rarely 1 bundles, or wholly free ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary 3- to 5-celled, or rarely spuriously I-celled, with numerous ovules in 2 rows, or few or solitary erect or horizontal ovules in each “cell; styles free, or more or less connate ; stigmas usually club- shaped or capitate. Fruit a septicidal or loculicidal capsule, or an indehiscent berry. Seeds straight or curved, not arillate. Albu- men none. Embryo with half-cylindrical or convolute cotyledons.— Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees, with usually opposite simple leaves. Stipules none. Flowers in cymes or panicles, rarely solitary. A family of little importance to the forester. Only § species _ are known from Burma, a few of which are arboreous. : . CRATOXYLON, BI. __ Sepals and petals 5, the latter with or without a basal append- age. Stamens 3-delphous, the staminal bundles often alternating = With as many hypogynous glands. Ovary 3-celled, with 4 or more _ : 84 HYPERICINER. [ Cratoxylon. ovules in each cell. Capsule 3-valved, opening loculicidally. Seeds winged at upper end.—Trees or shrubs, with simple dotted leaves. Flowers in axillary cymes or terminal panicles, rarely solitary. * Petals furnished with a basal scale. All parts glabrous ; petals white, entire. ‘ ji ‘: - C. formosum. — i pals, and underside of 1 pub t ; petals lilac, fringed C. pruniflorum. * * Petals without basal scale, pink or crimson. owers in axill or cymes or solitary , . « QC. polyanthum. O © Flowers in terminal panicles. : Leaves linear-oblong, usually almost sagittate at base, chartaccous . C. neriifolium. Leaves more or less obovate-oblong, coriaceous i : . C. arborescens. a C. formosum, Bth. & H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 258.—A tree (20— 25 + 8—15 + 1—2), leafless during HS., all parts glabrous ; leaves Has.—Rather rare in open places of the tropical forests of South Andaman.— Fl. Apr.—l.—SS. = SiS. cymose and arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; sepals le tawny tomentose ; petals fimbriate, with a basal scale : glands oblong, terete, blunt ; staminal bundles flat, rather broad towards the base, the filaments free from above their middle and fringing; Has.—Not unfrequent in the Eng and | st taba 2 : Tenasserim ; Avi. hee Magda Gio Rey eee _ Remargs.—Wood rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, soft. reddish- : M2 Tather perishable and soon attacked by xylophages. - 3. C. polyanthum, Korth. ; Hf. Ind. FL. i. 257.— 0— rena (Korth. ; Hf Ind. Fl. i 257.—A tree (80- ; + 2—4), leafless in HS., the stem fluted, all parts ae Cratoxylon. ] HYPERICINES. 85 glabrous ; bark dark brown, corky lamellate, about 2 lin. thick; cut yellowish ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 34 in. long, acute or rounded at base, on a very short petiole, more or less acu- minate, membranous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; flowers small, pink, on very short pedicels, usually by 3 (arely solitary) in axillary cymes on a slender about } in. long glabrous peduncle ; sepals elliptical, blunt, coriaceous, glabrous ; petals rounded ; hypogynous glands present or wanting ; staminal bundles flat, the filaments free from above their middle and fringing ; capsules oblong, acute, longer than the calyx. Has.—Rather frequent in the hill, Eng, and drier upper mixed forests, from Martaban and Tenasserim down to the Andamans.—Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. C. 8.— 1—SS. = Lat., Metam., SiS. KS. ood rather heavy, brown or pale brown, with darker-coloured heartwood, fibrous, but close-grained ; takes fine polish. ypogyn glands as long as the ovary, fleshy, club-shaped, blunt ; capsules a little longer than the sepals, ovate. Has.—Frequent in the drier, upper mixed and dry forests, less so in the lower mixed ones, all over Burma from Ava and Chittagong down to Tenasse- rim.—Fr. Jan.-Febr.—l.—SS. = a Ca .» SiS., Metam. RemMarks.—Wood rather heavy, brown, close-grained, rather soft. Used for pating purposes, ploughs, handles of chisels, hammers and other utensils, 5. C. arborescens, Bl. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 258,—An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, apiculate or shortly and bluntish acuminate, 2-3 in, long, coriaceous, glabrous, pale beneath; flowers small, scarlet, on a line long pedicels racemulose, forming quite glabrous panicles in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the branches ; sepals glabrous, about 3 lin. long, concave- oval, blunt; petals somewhat longer, rounded, gland-dotted ; cap- sules ovate, acute, somewhat longer than the sepals. _ _Has.—Tenasserim. 86 GUTTIFERS. [ Gareinia, GUTTIFER. wers regular, dioecious, polygamous, or hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-6, imbricate. Petals as many, rarely more, imbricate or nts Female flowers: staminodes various. Ovary 1-2-or more-celled, with one or more ovules in each cell; stigmas as many as ovary- cells or variously consolidated, sessile or on a longer or shorter a style. Fruit usually an indehiscent berry with a fleshy or pulpy mesocarp. Seeds large. Albumen none. Cotyledons either small and the radicle large, or thick and large, and the radicle very short.— Trees or shrubs often abounding in a yellow juice, with opposite simple often coriaceous leaves. Stipules none. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, clustered, in racemes or panicles. The yellow acrid gum-resin called gamboge comes chiefly from a Garcinia, and some Burmese species may yield a substitute for. | ds of several Calophylia yield oil. All the Burmese species are woody. * Stigma sessile, or on a short and thick style. Cotyledons minute or none, the radicle large and solid. Calyx of 4 or 5 imbricate se ‘ : - Garcinia. Calyx closed in bud, bursting into 2 valve - Ochrocarpus. s ‘ : ; * > Style slender, single, or rarely 2. Cotyledons large and eshy, free or consolidated, the radicle small. Ovary 1-celled, l-ovuled; stigma peltate . = 7 ;. - Calophyllum. stigma 4-cleft ; . : . Kayea, Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; stigma peltate GARCINIA, L. : . Mesua, dioecious or polygamous. Sepals 4 and decussate, or Flowers dioe rarely 5 or 6 and imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, imbricate. Males: stamens numerous, free or united in an entire or lobed fleshy mass, - -—Trees, rarely shrubs, with coriaceous rarely fleshy-membranous simple leaves. Flowers solitary, fascicled, or _-% Stamens of male flowers in 4 bundles under the — radime; | ovary. Ovary 4-10-celled; stigma Garcinia. mA GUTTIFERZ. 87 A Stigma sessile, radiating-lobed. rome. flowers vig staminodes round the ; it ona rt pedun . . G. mangostana, oe & Stigma peltate. Female flowers without staminodes ; berries sessile ; ‘ . G. cornea. Flowers on rather long peduncles, nearly 2 in, across + G. speciosa. X X Stamens in 4 P ele ndrous ee in a ri ng round the rudimentary ova Stigma eps = more or less 1 Shecae from wrinkles or. diating veins. 2-celled. Pa Pedicle with 2 or grad a single leafy bract, . G. anomala. Yee go oaked. = Flowers tm henshiate poor cymes or small panic Leaves vbr pearee rs the lateral nerves remote and irregular ; inal mass deeply 4-lobed - G. Merguensis, "as: ostcouece the = nerves crowded, very faint and regularly parallel . » G. rostrata, a Se athens ake nails on a eave or sided or rare taminodes emale flowers in a single, — or ‘ates rupted ring, ornone. Stigm tubercled or tubercled-wrinkled, Sirly aad, Ovar 4-12-¢ elled. + Stigma raised on a short thick style. convex at id the aaa direct from the apical depression, anthers 4-cel G. terminated se a nipple- “shaped protuberance; ; anthers 4-celled. @. Kydia. T a quite sessile. + Male and female flowers solitary to ternary. . || Stigma minute, dot-like, smooth anthers 2-celled . - + @. microstigma. Il Il Stigma tubercled or " tubercled- Ss acuminate or cuspidate, leathery ; dowers sessile; anthers 4- . G. lanceefolia. ater blunt, ‘succulent, "when dry thin herbaceous ; flowers " pedi- celed; anthers 2-celled . G. sueccifolia. T + Male flowers s panicled, t the females spi . G. paniculata. O © Anthers peltate, De ag a deadak r sli Leaves Laleng coriaceous ; female flowers almost sessile, tie stigma verrucose ‘ . G, elliptica. a * Flow nea Caer Pedicels about an ng ; st pee . G. Agnthonamt in. lon, Pedicels 3-4 lin. , petals almost ee doubled, smaller ~ od * Flowers 4-merous. 1. G. mangostana, L.; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 260. —Meng-kope.— evergreen tree 40—50 + 15—30-+3—5, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7-9 in. long, on a short and thick btuse at base, firmly coriaceous, bluntish acumi- lossy 5 flowers about 2 in. in diameter, the males -. on a rather long peduncle, terminal by 3, 5 or 9, reddish yellow ; = —— oallsebed ina shortly 4-lobed fleshy mass round the abors Z 88 GUTTIFERE. [ Gareinia. tive conical ovary, which is terminated by a 4-cornered stigma ; female hermaphrodites solitary or rarely by 3, peduncled, larger than the males, reddish; filaments slender and free, many surrounding the ovary ; ovary globular, 6- 8-celled, the stigma sessile, adnate peltate, radiately 5-8 lobed; berry spherical, the size of a small orange, crimson brown to almost brick-coloured, smooth, several-seeded, the seeds enveloped in a snow-white delicious tasting sappy meso- carp. Has.—Cultivated in Tenasserim.—Fr. May-June.—s. Remarxs.—Exudes gamboge of inferior quality. The fruits are a much esteemed table-desert. 2. G. cornea, L.; (40—60 + 10—30 + 3— pigeon’s egg, somewhat tapering at apex, dark purple, containin 4-6 seeds in a pleasantly subacid white pulp ; stigma large, peltate. Has.—Not uncommon in the tropical forests of Martaban and the southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah above Rangoon ; also Tenasserim.—Fr. Begin. of RS.—s. Metam., Lat. p. REmarKs.—Wood brown or red-brown, heavy, of a coarse unequal fibre, hard, rather close-grained. Yields an inferior mand gamboge. es ° 8-9 in. long, bluntish acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, the nerves beneath very conspicuous ; flowers 1}-2 in. in diameter yellow, unripe berries ovoid, sup- » peltate, orbicular, obso- is terminated by a yellow ly covering the 4-lobed fleshy staminal mass ; ovary reduced to a s, Garcinia. | GUTTIFERE. 89 Remarks.— Wood uniformly reddish-brown, very heavy, close-grained, in quality equal to the Andaman bullet-wood. Yields inferior gamboge 4. G@. anomala, Pl. & Trian.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. green tree (30—40 +10—15+43—5), all parts glab 266.—An ever- rous ; leaves ob- Hazs.—Not uncommon in the damp and drier hill-forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation.—F. Apr.-May.—s.— $8. = ReMaRrKs.—Sapwood white, soft. Yields inferior gamboge. cave rotundate, nearly 3 lin. long; ovary minute, perfectly over- topped by the large peltate-hemispherical stigma; berries (unripe) ovoid-globose, the size of a small cherry, smooth, crowned by the large circular viscose stigma. Has.—Southern Tenasserim (accord. H.f.) 6. G. Merguensis, Wight. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 267.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, shortly petioled, acute at base, 4-5 in. long, apiculate or bluntish acuminate, thinly coriaceous, glossy and glabrous; flowers about 5 to 4 lin. in diameter, on rather slender pedicels, the males formin, mg by 3 or rarely 5-9 poor cymes on very short peduncles usually arising singly from the axils of the leaves, or if sessile spuriously ternary ; sepals orbicular, the outer ones a line long, the inner 2 lin. long and concave ; males: anthers almost sessile, 2-celled, dense- 90 GUTTIFERE. [ Gareinia. globular large body ; female flowers solitary or in pairs, on 3-1 in. ong pedicels, axillary ; stigma large, fungoid ; berries oblong, 4-4 in. long, fleshy. Has.—Tenasserim. rudiment minute ; females: staminodes forming 5 or 10 connate torulose, dull red, somewhat depressed at the apex, and here bearing a small sessile deeply 6-8-cleft stigma, the mesocarp reddish-yellow. —(From Roxburgh’s FI. Ind. and MS. drawings.) Has.—Chittagong.— Fl. Febr.; Fr. June. Remarxs.—Yields an inferior sort of gamboge. long and slender petioles, almost coriaceous, glabrous and glossy, the nerves thin ; flowers yellow or reddish-yellow, about 6-8 lin. | 4 Gareinia. | GUTTIFERS. 91 B.—Frequent in the moister, upper-mixed, and in the tropical forests all over ce. from Chittagong, Pegu, and aes down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. March-May ; Fr. May-Jun —S8S. = SiS, Metam. Remarxs.—Wood white, turning slows, rather heavy, coarsely fibrous, loose-grained, very perishable. 0 '=42 pd.—Yields inferior gamboge. 9. G. lanceeefolia, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 263.—An evergreen small tree, all parts glabrous ; ‘eaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate at both ends acuminate, on a slender 3-4 lin. long petiole, 2-3 in, long, thick herbaceous, glabrous ; nies small, purple, solitary. or by 3, on thick 1-2 lin. long pedicels, terminal ; ; sepals rounded,, 2 lin. long; petals somewhat shorter; stamens numerous globose mass ; anthers 4-celled ; stamens in 4 bundles of 4-5 each; ovary ovoid, the stigma 6-8 -rayed, tubercled ; berry the size of a small plum;;, obovoid, orange-yellow, 6- to -seeded. Han.—Chittagong hills.—Fl. Febr.; Fr. July. ‘ tigma, Kz.—A simple-stemmed or meagre shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, all parts glabrous leaves elliptical to elliptically ovate and lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base, on a petiole about an in. long, bluntish Be sae or apiculate, 3-43 in. long, coriaceous, the lateral nerves thin and_ barely visible; flowers mid- dling-sized, reddish, the males on thick glabrous pedicels about 2-3 lin. bite. usually by threes, axillary and terminal, the females shorter pediceled and probably solitary and terminal ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, sessile, covering the globular torus ; oe concave- oval, blunt, about 2 lin. long or ae cortaceous petals almost orbicular a wood-apple, with a thin smooth pericarp, glossy, ¢ crimson, sup- ported by the sepals, 2- or more (?)-seeded, the stigma very minute, discoid, smooth, sessile, entir ‘ Has irhg unfrequent in the “seat forests of South Andaman.—s.— S8S.=SiS., A. ee salads Kz. (G. loniceroides, T. And. ; H.f. Ind. —3 Fl. i. 64).—An evergreen tree (830—35 + 10—15 ” 3—4), all parts giatina, bark about a line thick, PB gs or blackish, peeling off in convex pieces; cut exuding a yellow milk ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 2-4 in. long, on a very slender, but rather short red petiole, acute at base, usually blunt or bluntish, succulent and —_ fleshy, in a dried state thin mem- midrib red ; flowers whitich, about 92 GUTTIFERE. [ Garcinia. on the upper side of the fleshy erect short mass; female flowers, &e., unknown. Has.—Frequent in the pane en ay of the alluvial lands of the Sittang and Irrawaddi Rivers.—Fl. Apr ==AlT. xs.—Wood white, eae Se ts rather heavy, coarsely fibrous, eure perishable. Yields little and inferior ee . G. paniculata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 266.—A dioecious tree, about 60 ft. high, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, shortly petioled, rather acute to bluntish, 4-6 in. long or longer, acuminate at the base, coriaceous ; flowers middling-sized, white, on 4-cornered pedicels nearly a line long, the males nume-- rous, in peduncled lateral trichotomous glabrous panicles; the females fewer in number, forming short terminal spike-like racemes ; sepals broadly concave-cordate, about 1 4 lin. long, fleshy ; petals 4, ovate to oblong-ovate, concave, 24-3 “in. long, fleshy ; anthers almost pea crowded on the large ate deo fleshy torus ; staminodes 1» fom ales none or represented by 1 or 2 filaments only ; ovary sheds secboteal by the large convex entize glandular-rough stigma ; berries almost globose, the size of a cherry, yellow, usually 4-celled and 4-seeded; the stigma rather small, sessile, convex-cir- i. CaBapting. 3. G. elliptica, Wall. (G. heterandra, Wall. ; H.f. Ind, Fl. i. 265).—Tha-nat-tau.—An evergreen tree (40—60 + 10—30 + 3 —5), all parts glabrous ; bark thin, smooth; leaves from broadly oblong and elliptical to obovate-oblong, acute at base, on a thick petiole, 4 in. long, apiculate or shortly and bluntish acuminate, 8-9 rig 2 glabrous, coriaceous, the nerves beneath prominent and rather 1 dehiscent; 2 ig ee shortly 4-lobed ; berries globular or ovoid globular, almo in. thick, smooth, 4-celled ; the stigma small, hemi- sperial, wrinkled. —Frequent in the ta forests of the eastern sa Pa of — = Toosh ‘and of Martaban, o 3,000 ft. elevation; also Tenasserim.—Fr. Febr.—s.—SS.=Si8., Metam. Remakks.—Wood soft, white. Yields a superior quality of gamboge. * * Flowers 5-merous. eat G. dulcis, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 10—15 + lygamous, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong SECT thick petiole, obtuse or rounded at base, 8-12 in ’ = ions, shortly acuminate, coriaceous, glossy ; flowers rather large, Pee ein ee oe ee oe Leaves acuminate, laxly and oi ee ‘ebay et the lateral nerves strong and anastomosing; Ochrocarpus. } GUTTIFERR. 93 Sci —Rather frequent in the tropical “org of South Andaman and adja- cent islands.—Fl. March-May ; Fr. May-Jun =SiS. 15. G. Xanthochymus, H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 269 Se ae pictorius, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. a ieedl taw.—An ev green tree (40—50 + 12—20 + 3—5), all parts glabrous ; bark 2. 3 lin. thick, rather smooth, blackish ‘or dark grey ; cut pale-coloured, milky, the milk soon turning yellow ; sen yve oblong-lanceolate to elongate-oblong, shortly acuminate, $-1} ft. long, on a rather long and thick petiole, acute or obtuse at Tase, coriaceous, glabrous ; owers yellow, expanded, about an in. in diameter, on about an in. long strong pedicels arising in fascicles from short thick warts ; sepals and petals 5, rarely and only occasionally 4, and then often the 5th sepal disarranged and scale-lke; staminal bundles of the ents ; berries as large as an ier or lime, almost oval, apicu- late, deep Se containing 3 to 5 darge seeds imbedded in yellow _ like pulp. Has er frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Pegu; 3; also Chittagong, Pee and Tenasserim ; Ava.—F]. March-Apr.; Fr. R. S.—s.— SS.—Metam. 8i8. Remarks.—Wood yellowish-white with a darker coloured large heart-wood, turning pale yellowish-brown, rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, rather hard. Yields gamboge of inferior auntie OCHROCARPUS, Thouars. _ Calyx closed before flowering, at length rupturing into 2, rarely 3, valve-like sepals. Petals 4-7 or more. Stamens inde finite ; fila- ments free or connate at base ; athe dehiscing vertically. : 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each ; style short ; —— 2-lobed. Berry 1-4-seeded. Cotyledons minute or none, the radicle large and fleshy.—Trees, with simple leaves and auliay gs polygamous flowers. _ Leaves blunt or retuse, minutely lacunose-reticulate, the _— - nerves not visible; filaments longer than the anthers . Siamensis. small, filaments shorter Sic: the-anthare . J 5 - O. nervosus. — 94 “GUTTIFERE. [ Calophytlum. 1. O. Siamensis, T. And.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 270.—7a-la-pee or tarapee.—An evergreen tree, about 20 to 25 ft. high, all parts _ glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base, on a short and thick petiole blunt or retuse, 4-6 in. long, coriaceous, ernie prominently nerved and ~wEtageaad flowers about 8-10 lin. in diameter, white, fragrant, on an in. long rather slender pedicels usually fascicled or rarely b 8 or solitary i in the axils of the leaves or from above the scars of the fallen ones; males: sepals 2, herba- ceous, broadly oblong; petals broadly oblong-lanceolate, blunt or nearly so, ¢. 3-4 lin. long; anthers numerous, on elongate fila- ments ; berries ovoid, mucronate, 1} in. long, glabrous. Has.—Rather rare in the Eng forests of Martaban; also Prome hills. FI. Sept. -October.—l.—SS.—Lat. CaS. 2. O. nervosus, Kz.—An evergreen tree (40—50 + 10—15 + 3—5), all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to linear-oblong, acute at the base, on a thick petiole 4-3 im. long; nis, 5-7 in long, coriaceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves rather irregular and thin, but prominent and distinctly anastomosing near the margin, strongly and laxly net-veined ; flowers small, white, on sle au straight, glabrous pedicels about an inch long, arising by 3 from above the scars of the es leaves ; calyx glabrous, 2 lin: long, rupturing into 2 or 3 sepals; petals 6, as long or shorter than the sepals, obovate-oblong ; doen numerous, on filiform filaments shorter than the anthers ; sos globose, glabrous, nar- rowed in a short thick shortly Q-lobed st Has.—Tropical forests of the Arracan ean on HS. CALOPHYLLUM, L. Flowers polygamous. Sepals and petals together 4 to 12, ienbricate: in 2 or 3 series, Stamens numerous, free or nearly so ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, with a single erect ovule; style rather long; stigma peltate. Drupe indehiscent, crustaceous, 1- seeded.—Trees, with coriaceous beautifully parallel-veined leaves. Flowers white, fragrant, in cymes or panicles, * Sepals 4, often the 2 inner ones or all petal-like ; petals none. Flowers eet - lin. in diameter, in peduncled or almost sessile mbel-li « . OC. spectadile. - C. amoenum. _ Flowers ar racemes ; short and strong, few flowered . . : = Sepals 4; petals Leaves at both ends acuminate . : . é - « ©. polyanthum, i ements or retuse at apex . - ©. Inophyllum. RG, spectabile, Willd. ; Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 271—Pan- ta-ka.— = nabs tree een + 25—80 + 4—63), the leaf-buds rus anchlets sharply 4-6-cornered or almost terete ; ‘aed : me F Calophyllum. | - GUTTIFERH, 95 large, 7-10 in. long, narrowly or broadly oblong to almost ovate- oblong, acute or obtuse at base, on a thick petiole 7-6 lin. long, acute or shortly acuminate, when full grown often bluntish apicu- late or blunt, undulate, chartaceous, while young beneath along the midrib slightly woolly ; flowers about 8 lin. in diameter, white, on 6-8 lin. long, slender, glabrous pedicels usually by 3-5, forming an e cyme on a short or almost reduced peduncle ; ; sepals = Gheeutediisoular, all petal-like and white; petals none; stamen numerous ; em long and slender ; berries ovate-oblong, the size of a cherry-s Has. a enfant in ps ening tye of the Andamans; also Tenas- serim.—s.—SS.—chloritic ntin Remarks.— Wood reddis h- Siok Lave 2 rather close-grained. Good for masts, spars, &c.; answers well for flooring and planks. 2. C. amoenum, Wall.—An evergreen tree, the young shoots covered with a short tawn ny or rust y-coloured tomentum ; leaves small, 2-3} in. long, broadly to oblong-lanceolate or obovate- ellipti- cal, more or less acute at base, on (while young) rusty-tomentose petiole 4 in. long, acute or short y acuminate, rarely apiculate or occasionally blunt, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous ; flowers about 4-5 lin. in diameter, on thick 4-5-lin. long usually thinly rusty-lepidote glabrescent pedicels forming a short at least at base rusty-tomen- st raceme of the length of the petiole or somewhat longer; slightly tawny-scurvy, obovate-oblong, about 2-23 lin. long ; ae none ; stamens in hermaphrodite flowers few ; ovary glabrous ; ies rather long ; berries the size and shape of a large pea, stylose- apiculate, pruinous AB.—Tenasserim. gee Febr.—s. a. %, Sheen Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 274.—An evergreen tree (40—50 + 15—30 + 38— 5) , the leaf- beds minutely tawny pu- bescent ; leaves sisae-lacaslan: or lanceolate, 4-7 in. long, narrowed at base, on rather thick sharply-bordered petioles 4 in. long, blunt- ish acuminate or apiculate, coriaceous ; flowers about } in. in diame- ter, on slender 4 in. long pedicels, ‘forming lange racemes in the axils of the upper leaves and often forming large terminal or axil- lary panicles ; sepals unequal, the — 2 hardly half the size of the ‘Inner ones; petals 4, broadly obovate ; stamens numerous ; filaments short ; berries almost globular, Soh size of a cherry. Has.—Not ot unfrequent in the damp hill-forests of the Martaban hills, east of sees at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation —SS.—Metam. 4. C. Inoph L.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 273; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 22 beens has “An evergreen tree (50—60 + 25—30 + 6 —14), the leaf-buds sparingly tawny velvety ; bark blackish-brown ; — elliptical to broadly obovate and obovate-oblong, usually acute 96 GUTTIFERZ, . [ Kayea. at, base, on a rather strong petiole nearly an in. long, 5-6 in. long, onicd or retuse, firmly chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers about an in. in diameter, white, fragrant, on slender about an in. long glabrous pedicels forming axillary glabrous racemes of the length of the leaves or somewhat shorter ; ; the 2 inner ee — petals 4, rarely 6-8 ; berries the size of a bullet, glo Has. —Froquent — the sandy sea-shores, in os beach jungles of the Andamans and Ten m; often also cultivated in villages.—l.—SS.—Aren RemMakks. Ss ue h-brown, broadly striate, rather close-grained, heavy O'=63 pd.—Good for masts, spars, railway ‘sleepers, machinery, &e. KAYEA, Wall. obpsabi hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals 4 each, imbricate. Stamens numerous, free or connate at base; anthers almost globu- lar, 2-celled, dehiscing vertically. Ovary l-celled with 4 erect ovules ; style slender, terminated bya 4-cleft stigma. Fruit almost drupaceous, fleshy, ‘indehiscent, 1-4-seeded.—Trees, with simple leaves and solitary or panicled flowers. Flowers in terminal panicles . ‘ : .” . K. floribunda, Flowers by 1-3 in the leaf-axils and terminal . . K, nervosa 1. K. floribunda, Wall.; H-f. Ind. FL i 276. —A large ever- green tree (60—80+ 35—40 +45), all parts Ast leaves. inch acuminate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous, smooth, the lateral nerves beneath arched and prominent ; flowers white, about an inch across, on strong pedicels furnished with 2 bisal bractlets, formiag a stout, but lax glabrous panicle at the end of the branches and branchlets; sepals almost orbicular ; petals little longer than the sepals, white with rosy Tested, ; anthers golden-yellow ; drupes the size of a cherry, 1-seeded, covered by the thick, wrinkled, yellow, much- — sepals. ather rare in the tropical forests of the pariaten hills east of cee at about 2,500 to 3,000 ft. elevation. SS. = Met. 2. K. nervosa, T. And.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 277.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, the branchlets tubercled-rough ; leaves oblong to elipealy oblong, shortly petioled, rounded or ‘slightly emarginate at base, 2-4 in. long, abrupt y acuminate, hope thinly, but rigidly coriaceous ; flowers 13 in. in diameter, on a tuber- eled 1-2 in. long pedicel, solitary, or by 2-3 a the axils of the ae or at the end of the branchlets ; outer sepals $ in. long, thick and pes almost globular, the size of a cherry, » Supported ae gomewhat enlarged coriaceous calyx "Tas. —enaesrin— Fr. ‘Apr. ee almost sorbicalay, the inner nearly twice as long; petals . Ce a Lt eee a Mesua. } TERNSTROEMIACER. 97 MESUA, L. Flowers ee or hermaphrodite. Sepals and pipe: 4 each, imbricate. Stam numerous, free or connate at bas anthers oblong, 2-celled, "dhiscing vertically. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect ovules in each ce ell ; style long, with a peltate stigma. Drupe woody, L-celled by maceration of the cell-walls, 1-4-se eded.—Trees with rigidly coriaceous or ee veinless leaves. Flowers large, axillary, solitary or clus l. M. ae: L.; HE. Int. Fi. i. 2775 ne Sylv. Madr. +2 rous, ae above, beneath covered with a white mealy substance or rarely altogether glabrous ; flowers large, 2-3 in. in diameter, pure white, on shorter or longer (4-6 lin. long) usually densely puberu- lous pedicels, jointed at the insertion of the short, rarely elongate peduncle, rarely sessile, solitary, or rarely by 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves and terminal; sepals velvety, enlarging and turning almost glabrous; petals broadly obovate; drupes the size of a — S egg, ovate, acuminate, striate, usually 1- rarely 2-4-seeded. —Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andaman Islands and all over Tenasetim ulso Chittagong.—Fl. March; Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.—Metam. ng mea —Wood 3 penance the sapwood of eee — —— very heavy, hard, much resem the Andaman Suitable for machinery, railwa: er sleepers, also for Sipeeer 4 “sed “thie” for helves and handles of 1 tools; 2 gunsticks, &e. TERNSTROEMIACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Sepals 5, sete 4-7, free or slightly connate, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely m y 4 pores. One fros or nif faeeee 3-5-celled, with 2 or more not orthotropous ovules in each cell ; styles free or connate with usually small stigmas. Fruit a berry or capsule, few- or many-seeded. Albumen none or scanty, rarely copious. Embryo straight or horse-shoe-shaped.—Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing, with alternate simple often coriaceous oe Stipules none. Flowers various, 98 TERNSTROEMIACER. [ Anneslea. * Anthers basifix. Seeds usually few. ruit inferior . ; ‘ ae ’ - Anneslea. © Fruit superior X Anthers pilose. Stamens many; seeds numerous . : F - Adinandra. Stamens 10-13, ovules by pairs in ‘each ‘cell. : 3 ~ - Sladenia. Anthers glabrous Ovules 2-4 in each cell ; seeds lange “ ‘ “ : : . Lernstroemia. Ovules many; seeds small. . Eurya. xe ware versatile, oO oo Cotyledons shorter than the radicle. Saurauja. than Oo Albumen ad or none, Cotyledons longer t radic. x Sapable dehiscent. Sepals almost equal. Radicle inferior; seeds winged . . - Schima. Sepals very unequal. Radicle superior ; _ Seeds i 2 . . Gordonia. Sepals very unequal; seeds large, a inged : » Camellia. X X Drupe indehise ‘Meipe : 2 . Pyrenaria, ANNESLEA, Wall. Sepals 5, connate into a fleshy much-enlarging tube. a B, ce ‘Stamens many ; anthers long apiculate. adnat the age 8-celled, with many pendulous Sipe in ach cell; style 3-cleft. Fruit a fleshy-coriaceous berry, crowned by the sepals. Seeds oblong. Albumen fleshy. — raverpicen ty trees, with thick leathery leaves. Flowers axilla Leaves less — ee the nerves distinct ; peduncles 8) r . A, fragrans. Leaves thick ick coriaceous, acute ; 3 nerves almost obsolete ; | peduncles very thic - A. monticola, on pend ae 1-3 from the top of the branchlets ; pect coriaceous, white ; corolla white or rose-coloured at the tip ; berry the size of a » globular, crowned by the large persistent sepals. Has.—Not unfrequent in the Eng- and hill Eng-forests of Pegu, Prome, and $8. » up to 2,000 ft. elevation; also Tenaiibeatiasac Marsh pr. EMARKS.—Wood _pale-brown, rath , close-grai bre “S geamertl At ete rown, rather heavy, close-grained, of a short fi 2. A. monticola, Kz.—An evergreen tree (50—60+15—25+ remaining stunted in the higher regions, all parts glabrous ; lente? about 3 (in eae | plants up to 7) in. long, ovate or ovate- oblong, —— te, rounded or obtuse and a decurren | | | Ternstroemia. | TERNSTROEMIACER. 99 base, on arather short, broad petiole, acute or acuminate, entire or obsoletely crenate, very thick coriaceous, beneath black-dotted, the nerves obsolete ; flowers rather large, 2-bracted at base, on about 2 (in fruit 3) in. long, thick, straight, white pedicels arising from the top of the branchlets; calyx coriaceous, white; corolla rose- coloured. ‘Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill-forests of Martaban at 5,000 to 7,000 ft, elevation ; Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. Febr.-March.—l.—SS. = Metam. TERNSTROEMIA, L. Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious. Sepals and petals 5, the latter connate at base. Stamens many; anthers glabrous. Ovary 2-3-celled, with 2 or rarely ge Papago ovules in each cell ; style simple or none; stigma lobed or almost entire. » Seeds few, arillate.—Evergreen trees or shrubs with entire or crenate-serrate leaves. Flowers usually 2-bracted at base, axillary. Anthers apiculate; calyx smooth. . ag tats hf? & . ZT. Japonica. calyx wrinkled . ° . . T. Penangiana. Haz.—Common in the damp hill-forests of Martaban at 3,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation ; Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr.—s.—SS.—Metam. %. T. Penangiana, Chois.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 281.—An evergreen tree (50—80+30—40+6—7), all parts glabrous; leaves obovate- Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans; Tenasserim. —Fr. Apr.-May.—s.—SS. =SiS. ; serpentine and chloritic rocks. 100 TERNSTROEMIACEZ. [ Sladenia. SLADENIA, Kz. Sepals 5, persistent, scarious, imbricate. Petals 5 (very rarely , coriaceous. Stamens usually about twice as many as petals ; filaments short, dilated ; anthers 2-cleft at summit, emarginate at base, minutely hispid on the edges and at the ‘base of back, the cells opening by an apical pore. Ovary 38-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell, narrowed into the thick very shortly 3-cleft style. Fruit “unknown. —Probably trees, with crenate serrate glaucescent leaves. Flowers small, in dichotomous c . 1. §. celastrifolia, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 281.—Probably an evergreen tree, the young aioe sparingly pubeseent ; leaves ellip- tically to obovate-oblong, on a rather long petiole, acute at the base, 3-5 in. long, acuminate, chartaceous, crenate-serrate from the middle, glabrous, becoming glaucescent in ing ; flowers eee the lateral ones long-pediceled, those in ‘the forks of the almost sessile, forming repeatedly dichotomous sparingly aad. lous and glabrescent cymes shorter than the leaves; sepals about 2 lin. long, blunt, smooth ; —_ elliptically oblong, as long as the sepals, blunt; ovary glabrous ‘Has.—Ava, hills to the east of Bhamo.—Fl. Aug. ADINANDRA, Jack. tines and petals each 5, much imbricate, the latter ges at base. many small seeds. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, with simple, entire or serrate leaves. Flowers white or rose-coloured, solitary or 1. A, villosa, Chois. ; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. Wim (30—40 + 15—20 4-24) , the younger parts more or less pilose ; leaves oblong or elliptically oblong, 4-5 in. long, obtuse or acute at base, on a very short and thick pilose petiole, shortly acuminate, membranous or almost coriaceous, entire or slightly crenate, us above, beneath (especially Ronis the midrib) pubescent ; bese Engiddltag-alted: o on a 1-1} in. long hirsute pedicel, solitary and ; sepals acute, silky’ ‘pubescent ; ; petals outside and ovary silky-pubesc ent. in i inoue Bate ee oat cas the Eng forests a : Eurya. | TERNSTROEMIACER. 101 EURYA, Thbg. Flowers usually unisexual. Sepals and petals much imbricate, the latter connate at base. Stamens indefinite, but rarely more than 15, adnate to the base of the corolla ; anthers adnate, glabrous. Ovary $. rarely 2-5-celled, with rope ovules in each cell ; . styles free or united, as many as ovary-cells. Berry containing many angular small seeds. Albumen hialay —Small trees or shrubs, with often serrate leaves. Flowers small in axillary clusters, rarely solitary. * Leaves serrulate. Leaf-buds . ye glabrous. Branchlets marked by ~e ear ope - B. Japonica, x xX Leaf-b ha seinen or hirsute ; branchlets terete. Slender pine-like roti = puberulous beneath, acuminate ; styles uni + EF. acuminata, A ~— round- headed tree s leaves ‘shmabranous, glabrous or rag so, bluntish-caudate ; styles free . ‘ . A. serrata. eaves entire or + serrulate only at summit. om shits appressed pilose ; styles united . , . E. symplocina. . E. Japonica, vibe .; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 284; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. on; Brand. For. 24 .—Toung-let-hpet. —An. ever rgreen tree (15 —25+43—6 + ss , stunted or shrubby, all parts glabrous, the branchlets angular from prominent decurrent lines; leaves from oblong to elliptically-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, on a very short thick petiole, shortly and Settee apiculate, serrate, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, on short glabrous nod- — pedicels, in small fascicles or ' rarely solitary in the axils of the leaves; sepals quite glabrous ; style slender, deeply 3- rarely 4-5- cleft, or rarely the styles quite free; berries the size of a pepper- kernel, globular, smooth, mucronate. Has.—Frequent in the drier nil foronte, of _memalen, at 4,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation ; Tenasserim. Rapincietk Wook Sights as aac . acuminata, DC.—An evergreen tree (20—25+8—10+ rie with a slender pyramidal crown, the terete branchlets and all other parts more or less pubescent or puberulous ; leaves distichous, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, obtuse at base, 4-5 in. long, ona very wank Boas puberulous petiole or almost oils long acuminate, d shining above, beneath (especially ee the midrib) puberulous or pubescent ; flowers small, white, on nodding short puberulous pedicels, in small axillary “clusters or rarely solitary ; calyx pubescent outside; ovary pubescent, the styles united, short, rick at the summit; berries very small, glo- bular apiculate, while young puberulous. 102 TERNSTROEMIACER. [ Sawrauja. Has.—Rather frequent in the drier hill-forests, especially the pine-forests, of scarey at 6,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation.—Fl. Febr.; Fr. Apr.—l— SS. =Metam. 4-5, slender, united ; berries the.size of a pepper-kernel, globular, glabrous, apiculate. Has-—Frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. eleva. tion; Ava, Kakhyen hills; also Rangoon district.—Fr. March.—s.—88, = Me- tam. Lat.p. — : REmarxKs.—W ood heavy, red-brown, close-grained, and brittle. 4. E. symplocina, Bl. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 284.—A large evergreen shrub, the leaf-buds slightly silk-hairy, the branchlets angular from elevated decurrent lines; leaves from oblong to elliptically and obovate-oblong, acute at base, 4-5 in. long, shortly acuminate, Has.—In the damp and _ drier hill-forests of Martaban, at. about 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s.—SS. — Metam. SAURAUJA, Willd. _ _Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals 5, much imbricate in the bud, the latter united at. base, rarely almost free. Stamens very numerous, adhering to the base of the corolla; anthers versatile, opening by apical pores or short slits. Ova 3-5-celled, with numerous anatropous ovules in each cell; styles as many, free, or more or less united, Berry 3-5-celled, rarely dry and capsule-like. Seeds small, imbedded in pulp. Albumen copi- ous.—Shrubs or trees, often hirsute, terrestrial or epiphytic, with | entire or serrate leaves and axillary often handsome flowers. ipa moat” Pi oot. is - S. armata, 7 ~ aul or ta mealy-puberulous beneath ; lo: and slender, scaly; styles. eg, Dunduona, Saurauja. | TERNSTROEMIACER. 103 Adult leaves PrTeRe the midrib puberulous; —- short, ous; stamens about 50; flowers laz . S. Roxburghii. As former, but ge finely setose serrate ; stanleni: oak 20; flowers said to be white . 8. tristyla, All parts, except upper side ‘of leaves, covered with lo ong ta why or brown spreading hairs ; Suscancaes es short, but slender, ee hirsute . : . 8. macrotricha, L& i Pal Kz.—An evergreen poh 25—30 ft. high, the younger parts covered with appressed, strong, sharp, almost bony — leaves broadly obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse at base, covered by a dense.tomentum intermixed with copious stiff appressed igh: ; ovary and style-base densely villous ; styles 5 united at bas Has.—Ava, fete .—FIl. Apr. S. Punduana, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl.i. 287.—An is tree 0.40 + 8—15 + 243 3), the younger ta. scurfy and scal oblong or broadly lanceolate, on a long thick scaly petiole, acute x e unequally narrowed base, 10-12 in. long, acute, serrulate, almo coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath covered with a short tawny or -colour ed me — tomentum, the = — the lateral nerves very 2 menses is assis ]-running ; middling-sized, on rather long bracted pedicels, forming iong-petmeld scaly puberu- lous often trichotomous cymes; bracts large, oe ovate ; calyx and ovary smooth ; styles 5, erect, connate at bas Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, at 2,000 to 3,000 . ft. elevation ; Ava, Kakhyen-hills.— Fl. Apr.—SS.—Metam RemarKs.—Wood white, soft, even, and finely PrERES urg hii, Wall. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 287.—An evergreen ez." ea rapt er? + 3—4) ; ‘the younger parts covered with a mealy scurf intermixed with minute scales; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong, obtuse or rounded at the unequal base, on a long thick a A sealy glabrescent petiole, 8-10 in. long, shortly acuminate while y or ac te, ¢ eous OF : etary forming shor short br ae hed ee sessile or very —— Pedioas rusty puberulous cymes in the sage of the leaves or above the scars of the Mallen ones; bracts minute ; calyx and ovary glabrous; sta- mens numerous ; styles 3-5, oration at 4 tn spreading. 104 TERNSTROEMIACER. [ Pyrenaria, Haz.—Rather frequent in the tropical and damp hill-forests of the Marta- ban hills, east of Stag aa at 2,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation ; also Chittagong.—Fl. SS.—=Metam. Remarxks.— Wood soft, white. 4. S. tristyla, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 287.—A shrub or small tree, the bark grey, not spotted; leaves obovate or broadly oblong, 7-10 in. long, on a 4-1} in. long petiole, acuminate, spiny-serrulate, glab- rous on both sides except the scale-like hairs on the nerves and mid- ri eath ; flowers white, about 4 in. across, on old wood in fasci- cles of about twice trichotomous cymes ; pedicels 2 in. long, scal and hairy ; sepals obovate, blunt ; stamens about 20 ; Styles 3, rarely 5, distinct ; berries usually 3-lobed. Has.—Tenasserim. 5. S. macrotricha, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 287.—A small tree, all parts clothed with long stiff rusty-colotired or black spreading hairs ; leaves lanceolate, nearly a foot long or shorter, narrowed at both ends, on 4 rather short hirsute petiole, sharply acuminate, bristly serrate, chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath, especially along the nerves and veins, sprinkled with stiff hairs 3 flowers small, on long slender hirsute pedicels, forming short, but slender hirsute cymes axillary or above the scars of the fallen leaves ; bracts small, e: linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; sepals and ovary glabrous; styles 5, erect, united at base. Has.—Ava, especially in the Kakhyen hills.—Fl. Apr. PYRENARIA, BI. : Sepals usually 5, unequal, gradually passing from bracts to petals. Petals united at e, i I an indehiscent Radi- cle inferior.—Trees, with serrate leaves and almost sessile often wy axillary flow Fr 2 B =| oe 2 5° a9 5 _ o : j=) 3 ° =] ie") * Bracts large, leafy, very dissimilar to the sepals, Leaves drying yellowish, pubescent beneath , ‘ 7 ~ . P. diospyricarpa. %** Bracts smail, much shorter than, and almost conf with, the sepals. 4 Leaves glabrous, drying yellowish; petioles hardly 2 lin. long; | fruits obovate, waxy-yellow . . : ot ee’ - P. camellieflora. Leaves glabrous, in a dried state liver-coloured; petioles 6-8 lin. long ; fruits globular or elliptical, green . i eee . P. serrata. Ty stunted, ail younger parts pubescent ; leaves oblon to ellipti- cally lanceolate, with the margins of the acute base usua 4 Pyrenaria. | TERNSTROEMIACER. 105 lute, 4-5 in. long, on a rather thick densely pubescent ogee 2-3 lin. long, blunt or nearly so, serrulate, coriaceous, while young on both sides, finally beneath only, densely and shortly caabaleis or pubescent, yellowish-green, drying yellowish ; flowers aa sized, on a very short thick pedicel, arising singly from the the leaves ; bracts longer than the sepals, “leaf. like, btoingi ities late, narrowed towards base, and sessile with a very broad imbricate base ; sepals similar to the bracts, but much smaller and gradually passing into the petals, the latter densely silky pubescent outside ; ovary densely silky-villous ; styles 5, free at apex, thick and_ short ; drupes obovate-oblong, the size of a small pear, obsoletely 4-5- — waxy-yellow, supported by the somewhat enlarged bracts and pals, ri unfrequent in drier and stunted hill-forests = Martaban, at 6,000 to jaw ft. elevation.—Fl. Fr. March.—s.—SS.—=Metam 2. P. camellieflora, Kz.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 290.—An ever- green tree (25—304+8—15+4 93) , the young ‘tobias densely pubescent ; bark brown, longitudinally rimose ; cut greenish ; wood white ; leaves oblong or elliptically oblong, 4- 5 in . long, somewhat tapering at both ends, on a puberulous or glabrous petiole hardly 2 lin. long, blunt, pu gees thin coriaceous, drying yellowish, the midrib beneath more or less pubesvent ; flowers about . In diameter, white, with golden anthers, almost sessile and solitary: 3 in the axils of the leaves ; bracts small, like i sepals and petals silky pubescent outside; ovary silky pu ; drupes obovoid to oblong, waxy ye a ow, about an in. Gis, with 6 ne a protuberances bearing the Has.—Frequent in the drier hill-forests of Martaban, at 3,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation, rarely descending lower down.—Fl, Mar ch-Apr: ; ; Fr. Apr.-May.— . P, serrata, Bl. (P. attenuata, Seem. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 290.) cis rather small evergreen tree, the: young shoots thinly silk-hairy ; leaves obovate-oblong or obovate lanceolate, 6-7 in. long, cuneate or tapering at the base, on a rather thick glabrous petiole 6-8 lin. long, shortly acuminate, irregularly serrate, entire towards the base, membranous, glabrous, liver-coloured when dried ; flowers middling-sized, on very short, thick, recurved, ee pedicels; and thinly puberulous; se io Tonauce a 106 TERNSTROEMIACER. | Schima, SCHIMA, Rwdt. Sepals 5, somewhat unequal. Petals 5, much imbricate. ee mens numerous ,adnate to the petal-base ; anthers versatile. 5- rarely 4.-6-celled, with 2 to 6 almost pendulous ovules in iach cell ; style simple with short stigmatic lobes. Capsule woody, usually spheroid, opening loculicidally in 4-6 valves, leaving a free central axis. Seeds uhea expanded along the outer edge into n thin. Radicle inferior.—Trees, with entire or crenate Barbs ah ad showy white flowers. x eartig ay short and stout, usually not longer than he pet Fodunples short eg straight, usually lenticellate, rather Perna aston or slightly pubese ent - S. Wallichii. Ergin Ls * long, lenticellate ; leaves pubescent beneath, the creer: ation prominent and dist: - Sch. mollis. Pedimeles ‘ic lenticellate; leaves very hatondeeks glossy above, m both sides oe the net-veination indistinct, im . Sch. monticola. Puionee short and straight, emooth ; flowers. larger than in Sch. Spervebyica oat eaves mk ggomegen noon neath, often entire; the lateral nerves the oe obsolete . ‘ é - Sch. Noronhe. ex Bedunce ‘longa and often slender, always much an ty petiole, smooth. ieee waste genet or less curved; leaves glaucous usually pare Sregritnrs the nerves and net-veination beneath distinct . S&S. crenata, agave cag but “still ‘slender, i li:in long ; lonves very m both sides impressed net-veine d, and alm crenate, the lat cating or teral nerves entinely or rm impresse sed . - Sch. Bancana. 1. Sch. epee asians semaias e, the young shoots silky pubescent, the branchlets lenticellate ; anit oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, obtuse or acute at base, shortly but sharply acumi- nate, 4-5 in. jong, on an 3-1 in. long petiole, usually slightly silky pubeseent and pale-colo sneath, the nerves and net-veination distinct ; flowers about 1-14 in. in diameter, white and fragrant, on 4-1 in. long lenticellate ate pedicels, arising singly from the axils of the leaves ; sepal: » nearly twice broader than long, densely silky inside ; aie globose, woody, the size of a bullet, while young silky. Has.—Ava, Khakyen hills ; ee March. RemarxKs.—Wood compact; brown. 2. Sch. mollis, Dyer; H. f. Ina. Fl. i. 288.—A tree, the young _ shoots silky pubescent, the branchlets len ticellate ; leaves oblong- lanceolate to lanceolate, acute at base, on a puberulous petiole 3-3 in. long acute or acuminate, 5-7 in. long, coriaceous, beneath, Schima. | TERNSTROEMIACES. 107 especially along the HON, pubescent, and hardly pale-coloured, the net-veination indistinc ; flowers unknown; capsules while young Sones . silky, on a lenticellate, thick, axillary peduncle 3-1 in. lon Has 1 hills, 3. Sch. monticola, Kz.—An evergreen tree (15—254+3—8+ 2—3), much branched, the leaf buds silky pubescent, the branchlets sparingly lenticellate; leaves oblong or elliptically oblong, obtuse or rounded at base, 3 3-4 in, ong, on a broad petiole 3-3 in. long, acute or almost blunt, “coarsely crenate-serrate, — —_ glossy above, glabrous, the net-veination indistinct, mpressed ; capsules depressed-globular, the size of a bullet, on a "thick, lenticellate, 14 in. — pedicel. Has.—On the highest crests of the Nattoung hills of Martaban, in the — hill-forests, at 6,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation—Fr. March.—l.—Ss.— etam Sch. Noronha, —Pan-ma.—An evergreen tree (60—70 450-60 +6—8), ae es shoots silky pubescent, the branchlets lenticellate; bark about an in. thick, brown, brittle, ren nany and mostly “longitudinally cracked ; cut brown, dry; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, 5-6 in. long, on a ebecakae glabrescent petiole 3-1 in. long, shortly acuminate or bluntish, coria- ceous, entire, while young slightly appressed pubescent and glauces- cent beneath ; flowers about 1-14 in. in diameter, white and t, on Rli in. ns pret, lenticellate pedincle Srigie. from the axils of the lea wers more usually racemose caused by the fall of t es ay sepals broadly nodal: and several times broader nas long, ciliate ; capsules globular, mucronate, the size of a bulle Has.— in the drier hill-forests of ~ ee ale at 2,000 to 4,000 ft. che: entering also the hill Eng forests; Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.- March; Fr. March-Apr.—l.—SS.—=Metam., Lat. REMARKS.— Wood light-brown. 5. Sch. crenata, Korth.; H. f. Ind. Fl. i. 289.—An evergreen tree (60—70+3—8 + 2—3). » the young shoots silky pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute at base, somewhat decurrent on = 3 to 6 lin. long; puberulous: petiole, a4 i a less glaucous and often Seioecane pr the midrib; flowers 1 in. in diameter, white and scented, on a slender, 1-14 in. long, emooth, pedunele thickened upwards and arising singly from the axils of the leaves or more usually the flowers forming a short. raceme at the end of the branchlets ; sepals broadly rotundate, about twice so broed as 108 TERNSTROEMIACER. [ Camellia. long, ciliate; capsules globular, the size of a small cherry, silky pubescent. Has.—Pegu, Rangoon District ; Tenasserim. 6. Sch. Bancana, Miq.—A tree, the young shoots silky pubes- cent and the ranatota Setanta: leaves elliptically to oblong- lanceolate, acute at base, and slightly. decurrent on the 3-1 in. long, broad, glabrous = long acuminate, coarsely crenate-serraté, very coriaceous, opaque, 3-4 in. lo ong, the nerves and net-veination impressed beneath ; Fonche nearly 131 in. in diameter, white, on a 14-2 in. long, smooth peduncle, arising singly from the axils of the leaves or almost racemose ; sepals rotundate, nearly as long as broad, glabrous or ciliolate; capsules globose, the size of a sma sherry appressed silky while —Common in the Eng forests of the lower hills of Tenasserim and Mastaben, up to 3,000 ft. elevation CAMELLIA, L. _ Sepals 5 or 6, unequal, sare passing into the bracts and petals. Petals eek St ved ‘Stamens numerous, the outer ones more or jess monadelphous and paar to the base of the petals, the 5-12 inner ones free; anthers versatile. Ovary 3- to 5-celled, — - suspended ovules in each cell; styles more or less united. Capsules woody, often short, and somewhat pointed, dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds usually solitary in each cell, not winged. Albumen none. Radicle superior.—Evergreen trees or shrubs, with serrate leaves. Flowers solitary or several in the axils of the leaves, often showy. * Stamens of inner series equal in number to the petals and All oe quite glabrous ; flowers large ; leaves coriaceous . C. Japonica. * Stamens twice as many as petals and Young parts and midrib of the membranous leaves pilose; flower nodding, on a scaly peduncle a line long ; filaments villous 06: caudata. All parts glabrous ; leaves coriaceous ; ; en glabrous C. Thea. Glabrous ; leaves coriaceous ; flowers almost sessile erect ; 5 filaments agen . C. drupifera. 4. C. niaita: Wa r hn evergreen tree (2154564 1—2), with a spreading crown, the younger parts pilose from white ‘soft hairs ; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, serrate, 2-3 in. long, rounded or obtuse at base, on a 2-3 lin. long, pilose petiole, shortly acuminate, membranous, with the exception of the midrib glabrous above, ‘beneath. sparingly pilose along the —— flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, white, about an i in diameter, drooping 4 | | ) | Camellia, } DIPTEROCARPER. 109 on a hardly a lin. long scaly peduncle ; ovary densely white-villous, the style glabrous. Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill-forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 4, - elevation.—Fl. March.—s.—SS. = Metam. RemarxKs.—Wood soft, white. 2. C. Thea, Lk.; Brand. For. Fl. 25.; (C. theifera, Griff. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 292).—A small evergreen tree, usually kept down in cultivation as a shrub, all parts glabrous (or in the wild Assam variety [?] the young parts silky puberulous) ; leaves from lanceolate and obovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, shortly petioled, serrate, 3-4 i ong, usually acuminate, more or less coriaceous and glabrous ; flowers white, solitary in the axils of the leaves, on a short 2-3-bracted nodding peduncle; sepals orbicular and very blunt, glabrous (or silky) ; petals 5, obovate, blunt, on the back glabrous or puberulous ; stamens and style glabrous; ovary villous ; capsule glabrous ; Has.—Cultivated in the Chittagong and Arracan hills. 3. C, es shrub or small tree, the young shoots sparingly pubescent; leaves elliptical or elliptically oblong, acuminate at base, 3-4 in. long, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, acuminate, coriaceous, especially towards the apex serrulate ; flowers white, about 14 in. in diameter, solitary, Hazs.—Tenasserim. DIPTEROCARPE. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx-tube free from the ovary or adnate, bell-shaped and enlarging, or small and unchanged, the limb 5-parted or cleft, imbricate or rarely almost valvate, all or few of the lobes enlarging and wing-like, rarely unaltered under the fruit. Petals 5, twisted-imbricate, free or connate at oase. Stamens numerous, or rarely definite, hypogynous or peri- gynous ; anthers 2-celled, the connective often bristly produced or blunt. Ovary superior, or rarely half or wholly inferior, 3- ana’ n eac. t usually a 1- or rarely 2-seeded nut enclosed or supported by the enlarged or unchanged calyx, or rarely inferior, the calyx-win often all or few of them wing-like enlarged. Albumen none, or rarely fleshy and ruminate. Cotyledons fleshy, straight or crum-. pled.—Trees or shrubs, very rarely scandent, with alternate simple 110 DIPTEROCARPER. [ Ancistrocladus. — Stipules large or small, persistent or deciduous. Flowers ually in racemes or panicles. Bracts minute or none, rarely ae and persistent. An order of importance to the forester, containing the loftiest trees of the country. All the species abound in balsam samie resins in various forms, camphor as well as wood-oil. The timber of all is more or less valuable. * Ovary 1-celled, with a single erect ovule ; Sruit adnate to the calyx. -tube. Scandent shru . - Ancistrocladus, * &k = Sa 3- rarely 2-c elled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell.—Trees, rarely erect shrubs. © Ovary inferior or nearly so, or with a broad base adnate to the calyx-tube; nuts for } to - of =o length cal a - Anisoptera. closing this x xX Pe tube in fruit not or hardly enlarged, a exposed or surrounded b . Dipterocarpus. ae Cnc loben valvate in bud . . Parashorea. ole ee obes im imbrieate, and often also twisted in bu + The Me ged bps baa in fruit larger than Corolla-lobes spreading ; gta aaa the connective —— pointed-penicillate . Shorea, Corolla-lobes closing into a he emispherical cup ; anther. cells bristl cleft, the connective subulate-pointed (thus anthers sS-seton) Pentacme, + + The . met irs labels es in fruit m wos ry — ous “= . Hopea. a de eb al the ‘s alysis in t equally en- ee ed, but not longer ‘then the fruit self . Vatica, a Wall. 0 . 3. Nut adnate to the terete or 5-cornered c -tube, and all ‘the 5 calyx-segments equally enlarged, or 8 of them longer. —Large woody climbers, with entire, much net-veined leaves. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers in panicles or from hooked te tendrils. All the 5 aoe kd i fruiting calyx equal ica Do stellately- . Griffithii. Wings of fruiting cs calyx unequal, the longer ¢ ones 1-1} i in. long oad, Weiohi. = 1. A, Griffithii, Planch. ; cae Ind. Fl. i. iiiog el chaos Scandent, evergr and almost a Anisoptera. | DIPTEROCARPER. lil 5-10 in. long and from 1 to 14 in. broad, narrowed at base and decur- rent on the on acuminate, glabrous, chartaceous, the net-veina- tion faint and y Bi ara : panicles glabrous, at the end of the branches, aie slender, composed of spreading Has.—Common in the vay aie and along muddy river-banks of Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim. Fl. Apr May ; Fr. May-June.—s : 1.— ssS.= i A. Wallichii, Planch.—A large evergreen woody climber with’ dark-brown twisted stems, sending out numerous branchlets tee strong, black, hooked tendrils, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves variable in size and shape, those of the younger branches and ahnste 13-2 ft. long, elongate-lanceolate, towards the base ost cuneate and decurrent, those of the older branches much omnia usually only 6-8 in. long, obversely lanceolate to broadly and stint ees very strong and Paes curved ; bracts coli acute 5 the fruiting calyx-tube more or less 5-ribbed or almost terete, the yx-wings very unequal, the 3 longer ones 1-1} in. long, chartaceous, and fgets, ae! Has.— n the Sora es sf the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim gee the Andamans; also Chittagong.—Fl. Febr.-March ; Fr. Apr.-May.—s : 1. —SS-=SiS. Metam. ete. ANISOPTERA, Korth. Calyx-tube short, adnate to the torus, the lobes unequal, or nearly equal and distinctly valvate in bud. Stamens 15-35, in 2 to 4 siete the connective terminating in a bristle or short acute gland. Ovary adnate to the calyx, inferior or half-inferior, 3-celled ; style betes 3 or oblong and 3-lobed (resembling a superior ovary) or fili- form we a H eerete 3-lobed stigma; nut to nearly 4 of its as igs adnate to the calyx or entirely inferior, the a slp eiobes unequal, 2 of them peeve in wings.— Large trees with single glossy leaves. ‘lowers in racemose panicles. Stamens only 15-18, the connective terminated by an acute ond; filiform; nuts only $ adnate to the calyx . A. odorata. Stamens numerous, the connective a ced pe de a bristle; style 3 nut infeniod or nearly so . A, glabra, 112 DIPTEROCARPE. [ Dipterocarpus. narrowed at base, acuminate, the 2 long wings 2-24 in. long, oblong- linear, blunt or notched, and somewhat narrowed towards the base. prominent, the midrib impressed above ; racemes in th s of the leaves, in a fruiting state puberulous wers unknown; fruiting Has.—Frequent in the —— forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and the Martaban hills, east of Tounghoo.—Fr. Apr.-May.—s : l. SS.—Metam., SiS. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gaertn. f. Calyx 5-lobed, with a turbinate or urceolate free tube. Petals somewhat cohering at base, spreading. Stamens numerous, free or nearly so, the connective produced into a ecuspidate or acuminate point. Ovary free, 3-celled, the style filiform. Nut woody, 1- rarely 2-seeded, free and enclosed in the enlarged calyx-tube, the ealyx-lobes enlarged, 3 of them remaining short, the 2 others grow- ing out into long wings.—Lofty trees, with a cylindric stem often unbranched to nearly 3-3 of its length. Leaves entire or coarsely repand-crenate. Stipules often large, deciduous, Flowers race- mose or panicled, often showy. : Dipterocarpus. | DIPTEROCARPER. 118 * Calg: -tube in hays more or less globular ovoid to turbi- without any ribs or longitudinal wings on its Oo Calyx-tabe in fruit towards the top produced ressed knobs alternating with _ aapitaee™ D. tuberculatus. yt g d glossy. Stipules velvety ; fruiting calyx smooth and more or less pruinous. D. levis. Stipules glabrous ; hap = nape with minute stellate hairs D. Hasseltir. See" T. various J pert: Leaves acuminate, beneat th and its Satine dis cave : : D. turbinatus. All softer parts greyish pubescent, the leaves blunt D. obtusifolius. Leaves acumin pate. often arees otiaiad , young branchlets, and sti- pules brushy-strigose D. pibosus. *K Calyx-tube in fruit longitudinally "5-ribbed or 5- winged. O Wi br 2 of the fruiting calyx-tube about half as broad broader than the bell Calyx aati tonickito - when in fruit sparingly stellate- + seca lous ; petioles long ; leaves even pe bescent . D. alatus. Calyx pruinous, quite glabrous ; petioles 2-23 in. long . D. Griffithiz. OO Wings Bo the fruiting calyx-tube cone ; or reduced Leaves blunt. Alls fter parts greyish villous . D. incanus. Leaves acuminate, Bs fruiting calyx-tube narrowly S-winged and sparingly hairy . D. costatus. * Calyx-tube in fruit more or » less siete or turbinate, without — ribs or longitudinal wings on its belly. tuberculatus, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i.297 ae: —A tree te or the ts mt ; pean or lackish, near! hick, longitudinally — sag rrowed ; cut dry, brown; stipules about 4 in. long, by a dense greyish rounded or usually casas at base, 1-14 ft. gee: blunt or ree: so, slightly repand, glossy above, glabrous, or beneath downy from short stellate hairs, the ribs and nerves very strong and prominent beneath ; flowers large, rose-coloured or purplish, “somewhat one- pe a — eee or slightly branched greyish-velvety = me in the a s of the new eave: ae the ends of backwards ; nuts tome ntose. H 114 DIPTEROCARPER. [ Dipterocarpus. Has.—Forms the principal constituent of the Eng and hill Eng forests all over Ava, Prome, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.— . Apr.; Fr. Ma; ay.—L—SS. == Lat. Arg. CaS Remar as Woes bier aas hated darker eases heart-wood, rather heavy, lose grained, == 55 r much esteemed and used for — te can sor paki, etc. Tisida no BY but exudes a clear yellow . D. levis, Ham.—Kanyeng-nee.—A tree oe + 70— 120 + 15—25), shedding leaves at the begin of HS., the young branchlets and stipules appressed ereyish-velvety ; bark grey, by 2 similar shorter parallel lateral nerves so as tigi iieaks the wing's 3-nerved, the short easier ates hardly 3 in. long; nut beng octety tT. ott £ Arvacan, Pegu, and wittohes Eis to akan art Apr. ; Fr. May —s: ].—SS. = Metam. SiS. ReMARxKs.—Wood brown, much exposed to decay, and therefore little used besides for rafters and planks. Said to shrink very much, and to last not longer than for two years. a a superior “gigas of wood-oil in large quantity, and pes eS brown . Hass: 4 ‘Bl.—In every respect as former, but all parts, ae the ‘stipules, quite fa nowarivig calyx-lobes foalnats beset with minute stellate hairs, turning glabrous; the lobes of the fruiting calyx sprinkled with minute stellate te hairs, 3-nerved or almost 5-nerved. Probably only a variety of the preceding. Has.—In the cael S forest of the Andamans ; lao Tenasserim, Fr. Apr.- oe —s :1.—SS, = 88 urbinatus, Gaertn n. f.—A tree (150—200 + 9—120+ on ; shedding leaves in ‘HS. ., the. young shoots and stipules greyish or yellowish pubescent ; leaves more or less oblong to ovate- oblong, obtuse at base, on a 14-2 in. long teers petiole, acumi- nate, 5-7 in, long, coriaceous, on both sides (and more especia along the repand borders) esi or above glabrescent with cyth' the exception of the coarser n , the nerves strong and parallel ; flowers as in D. avis, but the eaiyx velvety and the lobes greyish- Dipterocarpus. | DIPTEROCARPER. 115 tomentose, forming simple, more or less tomentose short racemes above the axils of the fallen leaves ; petals velvety outside ; fruiting calyx-tube and wings sprinkled with minute — hairs, more or less glabrescent, the wings like those of D. AB.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the eastern were of the ‘Pegu- ‘nd Arracan Yomah, and — Martaban down ie Tenasserim ; also Chittago Fl. Apr.; Fr. May.—s : 1—SS. = Metam Remarks.—Wood heavy, rather ae naa: the sapwood pale-brown, narrow, the heart-wood darker brown, takes a oo polish. Used for house-build- ing, canoes, house-posts, planking, ete. O' pd.— Yields wood-oil 5. -D. Adare Tee ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 295.—A tree (70 —80) + 40—50 + 8—10), shedding leaves in HS., the young shoots densely hirsute from long, stiff, pale tawny hairs ;_ bark ash-grey, ae 2 in. thick, brittle, longitudinally eracked and rough ; cut dry, brown; stipules from 4-5 in. long, hirsute or pubescent ; leaves ovate to Grate Sblong: rounded or obtuse at base, 8-10 in. long, on a very hirsute (or rarely velvety) petiole 1-1} im. long, blunt, slightly repand, coriaceous, on both surfaces shortly tomentose or arg nt, somewhat elabrescent above, the nerves ee ciliate, folded a eeee 7% and hardly 4 in. “Tongs nut densely tawny pubescent. Has.—Common in the hill Eng forests of Martaban and in the Eng forests - of the Prome District, up to 2,000 ft. elevation—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. Apr.- —].—SS. = Lat. Aren RemarxKs.— Wood pia of the quality of that of Eng. Roxb.; H.f., Ind. Fl. i. 296.—An ah Pa ona u2 lon brashy-hirsute petiole shortly preieceee PS tek coriaceous, : pay h all on pubescent from short, tawny, stellate and simple hairs ; flowers showy, rose-coloured, forming simple, ce a racemes covered with brush-like fascicled, stiff hairs ; calyx tawny - tomentose from stellate hairs; petals oblong, blunt, sprinkled. out- side with stellate hairs ; fruiting aes oval, about an in. in : 2 116 DIPTEROCARPER. [ Dipterocarpus. terete, sprinkled with minute stellate hairs, the 2 wing-like lobes 7-8 in. long, strongly 3-nerved and transversely veined, sparingly llate-hairy ; nuts appressed tawny pubescent. Has.—In the damp hill- and tropical forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo down to Tenasserim; also Arracan. * %& Calyx-tube in fruit longitudinally 5-ribbed or 5-winged. parallel and straight; flowers rather large, white, almost sessile, forming rather short, simple or 2-3-cleft, greyish-tomentose race- mes in the axils of the young leaves ; calyx densely greyish-tomen- win hairs, the 2 wing-like lobes 5-6 in. long, 3-nerved, sparingly stellate-hairy ; nuts appressed pubescent. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim ; also Arracan.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. May.—s: 1—SS. = SiS. Metam. —Wood heavy, fibrous, but rather close-grained ; the sapwood 8. D. Griffithii, Miq. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 299.—A leaf-shedding — tree (120—150 + 90—100 + 15—16), young branches minutely yellowish-velvety, the 5 es densely tawny hirsute; leaves ovate, rounded at base, 4-6 in. i i ple or slightly branched racemes ; calyx-tube in fruit 2 to nearly 3 into as many broad wings, quite.glabrous and pruinous, the wing- like calyx-lobes 4-5 in. long, oblong, blunt, 3- towards the base nerved and net-veined, more or less pruinous, the smaller lobes _ almost orbicular, folded backwards; nuts densely tawny pubescent. _ ___Has.—Common in the tropical and moister upper mixed f sts of the Anda- mans; Tenasserim—Fr. May—s:1—S8 Sis" z pes aaa Sa ie coarsely fibrous, aaa _Parashorea. | DIPTEROCARPER. 117 appressed pubescent. Has.-—Frequent in the hill Eng-forests of the Martaban hills and in Upper Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation; also Chittagong. —Fr. Apr.-May.—l.— SS. = Lat. Metam. “ N. B.—There grow on the Andamans 2 or 3 other species of Dipterocarpus of which only the leaves are known. PARASHOREA, Kz. Calyx-tube very short, not enlarging. Stamens 12-15, the con- nective mucronulate. Ovary free, 3-celled ; style filiform. Calyx- tube in fruit not enlarged, the 5-lobes valvate and almost equally wing-like enlarged in frmt. Nut one-seeded, free, and not in the least enclosed by the spreading calyx-lobes.— Lofty trees, with shin- ing leaves. owers , whitish, racemose in dense panicles. and exposed, surrounded by the nearly equal 4-5 in. long spreading wing-like calyx-lobes; the latter linear or linear-lanceolate, blunt, IIs DIPTEROCARPER: [ Shorea. ch narrowed ' and. almost stalk-like at. base, the 5 nerves parallel and: transversely net-veined. a in the tropical forests of Martaban; rather rare along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, up to 1,500 ft. elevation.—Fl. March; Fr. Apr.-May.—s: 1.—SS. = Metam. SiS. Remarxs.—Sapwood light-brown. SHOREA, Roxb. tube very short. Stamens 35-100, the cells unequal and with their broad twisted bases closely embracing the nut, the 3 outer ones, shorter.—Trees, with entire leaves. Flowers usually rather small, racemose in panicles. * Inflorescence tomentose or velvety-pubescent. X Leaves. 8. -grown glabrous or nearly so. Shorter calyx-lobes in fruit acuminate ; stamens c. 20-25. . 8. obtusa. Shorter calyx-lobes in fruit blunt ; stamens about ; . - S. robusta. x &X Leaves very cori » app: silvery beneath. Incompletely known ; leaves apparently not deciduous . : . S. Helferi. * *& Inflorescence quite glabrous. ; - &. floribunda. - S. obtusa, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 306.— Thit-ya.—A tree (70—80 + 40—50 + 6—7), shedding leaves in HS., the young shoots covered by a fugaceous, greyish or whitish stellate tomentum ; bark irregularly cracked and fissured, blackish-grey, rough and brittle; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong, 4-6 (on very old a 2-4) im. long, roun at base, on a3 in. long, glabrous tufts of stellate short hai - > Ts, ‘in the nerve-axils: beneath; flowers yellowish, rather small, ealyx” enclosing a pubescent nut: of the size of a cherry-stone, oblong-lanceolate, slightly puberulous, greyish-velvety towards the dilated broad bases, the 3 outer longer ones about 2 in, long, some- te or bluntish, the 2: inner ones about + to ¢ shorter, linear- » acuminate. : | = Hs Chicnan ti ts ie Ge Eng-forests all over Burma from Ava, Frome, and Martaban down to ‘Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation_-Fl. March , Pentacie. | DIPTEROCARPER. 3 119 Remarxs.—Wood rather light and coarse, loose-grained, brown, nebulous, a '=57 Bis Wood valued. equal to that “a Jing, excellent for tool-handles and o for canoes, &e.— es white r B—The Sal-tree, Store wiile: ‘Gaerta: (Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 26, t. a3 Brand. For. Fl. 26, t. 9), is said to grow in Ava, but I have seen no a abit it. 2. S, Helferi . (Fatiea Helferi, Dyer ; HA. Ind. Fi. 302).—A_ tree; _. oblong or elliptically oblong, 4-6 in. — cordate at base, on a thick 3-4 lin. long petiole, coriaceous, blunt, glabrous above, beneath minutely silvery-puberulous, the lateral nerves numerous and prominent ; peaches in bud whitish-tomentose, sessile, racemose, forming white or greyish-tomentose 2-5 in. long panicles in the axils of the acd or lamas terminal] ; rest unknown. Has.—Tenasserim. S. nervosa, Kz., is another Tenasserim species, of which the hoger and fruits are still unknown. It differs from Sf. leprosula in having the upper side of the leaves not scabrous and generally in the indumentum and nervation. It yields a clear yellowish resin of the qualities and smell of colphony. 3. Sh. floribunda, Kz. ;°H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 304.—A leaf-shedding tree, all parts glabrous ; young leaves oblong to elliptical, rounded at base, on a slender petiole 4-3 in. long, | acute, sie in. long, e quite ore slender panicles in the axils of the sien leaves ; quite glabrous, the 2 inner lobes a little shorter ; petals nearly $ in. long, Settee (?) lanceolate, slightly F onnoat outside ; sta- mens only about 15, the connee a reflexed bristle as long as the anther’ itself. Haxs.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Decb. PENTACME, DC. Calyx imbricate, the tube very short. Petals infracted ne their middle, and. closely twisted round the sexual organs so form a closed hemispherical corolla perforated only at the ge Stamens 15; anthers 4-celled, the cells almost equal, saccate at ive also terminated by aia ies bristle. ‘Ovary free ; style filiform. Nut enclosed in enki. Kz. (Shor. ea Siamensis, Mia. ; ; H+. Ind. Fi... - soa Pia rg seo (60—90+40—-50+ 5-6), leafless during ae HS., the leaf-buds and sometimes the young leaves beneath covered = 120 . DIPTEROCARPER, | Hopea, ic lanceolate, blunt, much narrowed towards the dilated base, the 2 inner ones somewhat shorter. Has.—Very frequent in the Eng and dry forests, more especially in those of Ava and the Prome district, less frequent from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. March; Fr. Apr.-May.—l—SS.—CaS. Lat. arks.— Wood dark or reddish-brown, tough and hard, close-grained, very i - O'=65 pd.—Used in house-build- HOPEA, Roxb. Calyx-tube very short, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 15; anther-valves nearly equal, the connective terminating in a short point or produced into a long bristle. Ovary free, 3-celled. Calyx- tube in fruit not enlarged, 2 of the 5 lobes wing-like enlarged, the 3 outer ones remaining very short. Nut embraced by the calyx- lobes.—Trees, with entire leaves and racemose flowers forming axillary panicles. * Connect —_ rege re 7 : ook point. = -tomentose ; leaves bluntish acumina ‘ ji pee a Senrcteey aero ce ee fi ee ore % > Connective terminated by a bristle longer than the -_ anther-cells, Calyx greyish-tomentose ; flowers somewhat larger ; leaves glossy al ; = + A. gratissima Cal brescent:; les es 0 . on both ide = ‘ ade 4 ms Calyx eae glabrous ‘3 Seti ne as centr: lowes glossy above . = Gone 1. H. odorata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 308.—Thengan.—An evergreen tree (100—120 +40—70+10—12), the young shoots ish puberulous ; bark about in. thick, blackish-brown, longitudi- ally and deeply furrowed, rough ; leaves ovate-oblong to ovate- or base, luntish or bluntish pieesindes Same : tuse aoe 1 ts Hopea. } DIPTEROCARPER. 121 when young, soon turning glabrous ; flowers small, fragrant, white, on very short pedicels, one-sided-racemose, forming axillary or most terminal greyish or whitish-tomentose panicles; calyx softly tomentose, the lobes blunt; petals 2-3 lin. long, oblong, faleate, puberulous ; fruits small, the 2 wing-like calyx-lobes 14 in. long, ob- long, blunt, somewhat narrowed at the puberulous base, 9-10-nerved, the 3 smaller ones only of the length of the glabrous pointed nut. Hazs.—Common in the tropical forests all over Burma from i i and Martaban ae to Tenasserim.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. a oer —s3s.= SiS. Meta a —Wood brown, heavy, and close-grained. w—o '=46, breaking weight—800 pd. Especially in use for canoes and boats; prized for cart-wheels. Boats constructed of Thingan are said to last for more than twenty years. —Yields a yellow resin, 2. H. seaphula, Roxb. (Vatica scaphula, Dyer; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 301).—A large tree; leaves elliptically oblong, on rather slender petioles, blunt, or almost bluntish, glabrous; flowers white, rather showy, racemose, form ing puberulous, axillary, and terminal panicles; petals oblong, Gia” crentlate, about 3 lin. long; stamens 15, 5 of them free, the remaining 10 by pairs connate at base and alter. nating with the free ones; “connective mucronate ; ; style simple, shortly 3-lobed. Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. Jan. Sa —The trunk sh for making canoes. 3. H. gra a, W: all. (Shorea gratissima, Dyer; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 307).—A glabrous tree ; leaves broadly lanceolate, slenderly petioled, acute at base, shortly and i back acuminate, coriaceous, glossy above, the 15-16 nerves almost parallel, the midrib sharply prominent beneath; flowers small, on very short pedicels, in one- sided racemes, fesne axillary and terminal slightly puberulous panicles ; calyx velvety, the lobes lanceolate, bluntish ; petals 2 lin. — aay outside ; ; the connective terminated by a very long xuose bristle. oe eS 4. H. oblongifolia, Dyer, in H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 309.—A tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong, on an }$ in. long P petiole, obtuse at glabrous and y the base, about 7 in. long, shartd uminate, | rather opaque, the lateral nerves honk 10 0 pairs) 2) satel curved ; flowers on very short pedicels, racemose, forming solitary’ or paired panicles in the axils of the leaves pa shorter ee nae 3; calyx. lobes oe acute, glabrescent ; petals pubescent ; anthers ae et with an appendage 4 times cate length. (After Hooker’s Ind.) ‘Has. —Southern Tessie. 122 MALVACER. [ Vatiea. 5. H. Griffithii, Kz.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 310.—A glabrous tree; leaves ovate, lanceolate, on a rather short but: slender petiole, acute at base, long and bluntish caudate-acuminate, coriaceous, somewhat glossy, and the midrib sharply prominent beneath, the 10-12 lateral nerves very faint and sometimes hardly visible ; flowers very small, almost sessile, in one-sided racemes, forming rather simple flexuose and slender glabrous panicles in ‘the axils of the leaves; calyx glabrous, the lobes broad, rounded and ciliate; petals velvety out- side, about. a line long; anthers short, terminated by a dark- coloured stiff bristle of the length of the anther itself or somewhat longer: Has.—Tenasserim. VATICA, L. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the torus; the lobes manifestly imbricate. Stamens 15, the connective produced i m a sharp point shorter than the sill anther-cells. Ovary inserted with a broad , free, 3-celled ; style linear. Capsules Hes: coriaceous, iIrregu- larly dehiscent or dehiscing from the apex by 8 valves, one-seeded ; the calyx-tube unchanged, the lobes only slightly enlarged, equally long, and never reaching the length of the capsule itself.—Glabrous trees with entire leaves. Flowers fragrant, racemose in panicles. 1. V. lanceefolia, Bl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 302.—A middle-sized tree, the younger parts mealy-puberulous, soon glabrescent ; leaves lanceolate, acute at base, 5- ong, acuminate, glabrous, more or less glaucous beneath, shelrteicenn ; flowers rather large, white, shortly pedicelled, in racemes, formi ing axillary and terminal tawny ous panicles ;: calyx (and petals outside)’ tawny velvety, the obes ovate, acute ; capsule the size of a pigeon’s eee, supported by ie nearly equally enlarged calyx-lobes shorter than the calyx Hap.—Chittagong; Burma.—Fl. May; Fr. Jul-Aug. Remarxs.—Ghund of the Brahmins, a strong-smelling balsam, is the pro- duct of this tree : MALVACEZ. Flowers regular, Legare sais yao or unisexual. Bracteoles 3 or more, free or com , often forming a sort of calyx. Sepals 5, valvate, free or ania Petals 5, twisted-imbricate. Stamens _ humerous, rarely definite, adnate te the base of the petals; fila- ments united i in a tube or a column ; ors oblong or ein utimately 1-celled, the cells sinuous or twisted, bursting longitu- dinally. Ovary 2-many-celled, with 2 or more ovules in Foe cell — attached othe ner angle, entre o t lobed; orof ' 2-5:or more carpels a : yaaa eT STA re Kydia. | MALVACEE, 123 whorled round a central axis ; styles more or less or entirely con- nate; stigmas various. Fruit of dry indehiscent or dehiscen : cocci, or capsular and loculicidally dehisemg. Albumen. scanty o none bryo curved, the cotyledons leafy, usually folded o crumpled. —Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with alternate, palin : nerved, simple or rarely compound leaves. Stipules free, sometimes 4 caducous. Flowers axillary or terminal, variously arranged. : All the members of this order abound more or less in mucilage, and many, like the mallows, are used as demulcents and emollients. The liber of most. species is very tenaceous, and furnishes cordage and strong fibre, and Hzdiscus oun ees yields strong hemp. A sort of cotton is the product of Bombax and Eriodendron, and the true cotton (Gossypium) belongs rity to this family. The fruit. of the Durian nsidered one of the most delicious tropl i in spite of its disagreeable smell.. The Boabab. (Adansonia), one of the biggest trees of the world, yields also strong fibre. Burma nourishes 55 species of this order, of which only few are trees with soft and usually useless wood, but usually strong fibre. *K Gurasie not united, but more or less free and whorled axis = a single row inee Fad, ee See ie = ne Recitals none. Carpels broadly stellate, not beaked . Anoda. *x* Carpels cea Fo into a dehiscent or rarely indehiscent capsule. ©) Staminal somes truncate, or 5-toothed at summit, — ee or filaments outside, or also om X_ Leaves digitate, Ultimate filaments with a single anther. . s : ‘ . Bombac. Ultimate filaments with 2 or 3 anthers : - Eriodendron. x ce Besandat Fruits. large, muricate Durio, S Seke los branched at top. Seeds usua usually reniform. Bracteoles Co tha fad under the fruit. Capsule tbe valved ‘ - Kydia. Bracteoles:not enlarging or edad Capsule 5-celled é - Hibiscus. 4 XX Stigmas clavate, undivided, on Sines emake bonsicls- ] Seeds obovoid or a : Bracteoles 3 to 5, usually small. : ? . Thespesia. 4 Bracteoles 3, large and leafy, cordate - Gossypium. : Staminal been divided at summit or rarely to the ase, into numerous filaments, or 5 to 8 staminal : dies. 4 ; j : KYDIA, Roxb. Flowers polygamous. Bracteoles 3-4, leafy, connate at th enlarging and spreading under the Fenit: ” Sepals 5, connate the middle. Petals as many, adnate to the staminal sihogee Sta. minal tube divided about the middle into 5 divisions, each bearing 3 reniform anthers, the latter imperfect in the female flowers. Ovary - 2-3-celled, with 2 ascending ovules in each cell ; style 3-cleft with oe as ay peltate stigmas, imperfect in male flowers. dese oo 124 MALVACEE. [ Hibescus. oo Scag 3-valved. Seeds reniform, stellately pubes- with “ —Tree palmatinerved leaves. Flowers panicled. . K. calycina, Borst H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 348; Bedd. Sylv. Mads. 28, t. 3, ee rand. For. Fl. 29.—Dwa-bote—A tree (25—40 +8—20 ;: 4 , sometimes remaining shrubby, shedding leaves in HS., all parts more or less stellate-tomentose or velvety ; bark thin, dakearey, wrinkled, with annular Bitsbeces SF 3 leaves cordate or ovate, about 4-5 in. long and broad, a 1-2 in. long stellate-pubescent petiole, 5-7-nerved at the sondut base, blunt or ‘acuminate, bluntish-lobed, chartaceous, scabrously stellate-pubes- cent above, beneath stellate- velvety or floccose stellate-pubescent, the midrib with a gland at the middle ; flowers rather small, white, in lateral and terminal stellate-toenlibet panicles ; involucel usu- ally 4-leaved, stellate-pubescent ; capsule enclosed by the persistent bell-shaped calyx and supported by the spreading blunt accrescent involucel-leaflet Has.—Not t nfo in the mixed and open forests of Se and Prome also Ava.—Fl. Jan. ; Fr. H.S.—sx1—SS. = CaS. SiS. Metam REMARKS —Wood white, ht-grained, for hoki The liber yields fibre. ——— = ag HIBISCUS, L. Flowers hermaphrodite. — free, or more or less con- nate, several, rarely reduced to 5 or fewer. Calyx 5-lobed or toothed, or spathaceous. potas. 5, connate at base with the staminal tube. Staminal tube truncate or 5-toothed at the summit ; filaments many; anthers l-celled. Ovary 5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell ; styles 5, connate at base. Capsule loculicidally 5- or rarely spuriously 10-celled, velvety, dehiscing.— Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with more or less ‘palma tely lobed or entire leaves. Flowers often showy, in axillary inflorescences. * —— regular, not spathaceous, more or less persistent. Leaflets of imvo- cre free or nearly so. x oe rounded a All parts, also ow age = volucre, pases scurfy-tomentose ; involucre-leaflets . A. mutabilis. g, but all ee softly to mentose ; involucre and ‘calyx densely eta: ‘nwotuere-lenfets 7 (or 5). . A. venustus. xx minate or acute. Glabrous or nearly ee _ Pedicels shorter than the petioles . + +... + H, Syriacus. __ Pedicels elongate, longer than the petioles . H. Rosa Sinensis. ok Involucre-leaflets united up to the middle or at least at sometimes fi ig [P- Erect trees or glabrous, pales ie oie Ce ire * * * ° . H, hastatus. ded, entire or crenulate. =. wo EE telewoene, Hibiscus. | MALVACER. 125 Woody climber, velvety tomentose. F Z : ‘ . H. scandens. Erect a all softer parts tawny setose ‘ ‘ i : . H. macrophyllus. * rt of involucre =a 1. H. mutabilis, L.; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 344.—A large shrub or little tree Or few years’ pialtion. the softer parts all seurfy tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, about 4 to 5 in. long, on a 3-4 in. long tomentose petiole, covered with a thin scurfy tomentum, 5-7-lobed, the lobes broad, acute or cuspidate, irregularly repand- toothed ; flowers large, white, soon turning deep rose-coloured, on scurfy tomentose straight peduncles neatly as long as the petiole, axillary, solitary, sometimes collected into a spurious leafy termi- nal raceme; involucre consisting of 8 to 10 linear somewhat stiff leaflets half as long as the ovate acuminate 3-nerved and tomentose calyx-lobes ; capsules depressed-orbicular, hairy outside and within ; seeds woolly. Has.—Here and there cultivated in gardens. 2. H. venustus, Bl. var. Brandisiii—A shrub of few years’ duration, all: softer parts Saacly and softly tomentose; leaves cor- date or cordate-oblong, shortly 5-lobed, with the lobes acute or undivided, about 5-6 in. long and broad, on a densely pilose, ——— petiole 3 to 4 in. long, coarsely and irregularly repand- to ,» Membranous, on both sides Eogn! pubescent; stipules teas ; flowers about 3-4 in. in diamet solitary, or by 2-3 on a 3-4 in. long cored pilose straight settle jointed at the middle, axillary, or forming a terminal Jax panicle ; involucre much shorter than the 2 in. uae 5-cleft densely pubescent calyx, consisting of usually 7 linear pilose leaflets reflexed oe while in bud; calyx- lobes brvatlly lanceolate, acuminate, l-nerved, longer than the densely tawny-setose, iinet obtuse capsule ; ‘seeds brushy-hispid from short, stiff, red-brown Has. ad Tenasserim. o ra March. 3. H. Syriacus, L.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 344.—A glabrous or slightly puberulous evergreen shrub; leaves ovate or rhomboid- ovate, one a more or less puberulous petiole 6-8 lin. long, usually , 4-2 in. long, entire or often more or less 3-lobed. with the | lobes. acute or rather blunt, repand-toothed, while young slightly pubescent ; flowers pale purple or white, axillary feere id on pedicels shorter than the petioles ; involucre consisting of 6-7 linear one-nerved leaflets a little shorter than the oblong, acute, scurfy-tomentose calyx-lobes ; seeds with a line of elastic hairs. Has.—Occasionally cultivated by the Karens in the Martaban hills. 4. H. Rosa Sinensis, L. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 344 -—Khoung-yan.—A = . little evergreen tree, but usually remaining a shrub, the younger __ 126 MALVACEE. : | [ Hebiscus. parts slightly greyish pubescent ; == ovate, on a short canescent tiole, rounded or obtuse at base, acute or acuminate, coarsely toothed, glabrous, or beneath along the nerves slightly appressed puberulous ; flowers large, le rose-coloured or white, rarely watery-yellow, solitary, axillary, on a slender elongate pedicel as long or longer than the leaves ; anvoluors consisting of 6-7 linear leaflets about half so long as as oblong acuminate puberulous calyx- ee ; capsules nearly globos 4B.—Much cultivated in one ar eee ae ines. and occasionally seen wild j in neglected lands round villages.—Fl. * * Involucre-leaflets waitod up 5 the middle or at teast at the base, sometimes forming a cup. 5. H. hastatus, L. f. (H. tricuspis, Cav.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 344) —A small evergreen. tree or shrub, the younger parts slightly pubescent or tomentose ; leaves about 4 ‘tt. t. long, long-petioled, 3-5- lobed, with the lobes elongate and hlontish acuminate (the middle one usually much longer), slightly toothed or entire, above along the nerves and beneath wholly pubescent ; flowers large, sulfur with a dark-purple eye, axillary, solitary, or more usually by 2-3 in a long-peduncled axillary raceme; involucre pelt shaped, tomentose, divided into 9-10 rigid linear-lanceolate lobes about $ so long as the lanceolate densely tomentose calyx-lobes ; capsules oblong, depressed and acute at top, tomentose; seeds reniform, minutely granulate, glabrous. Has.—Rarely cultivated in gardens.—Fl. R. 8. 6. iH. tiliaceus, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 343; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. =e, t. 4, £1. —Theng-pen or thimban.—An evergreen tree (25—30 +6—10+42—8), usually crooked and stunted or shrub-like, the yo oe parts shortly and densely tomentose; stipules broadly oblo , deciduous ; leaves cordate-ovate or broadly cordate, 4-6 in. “long, long-petioled, shortly and abruptly acuminate, entire or crenulate, above roughish from minute stellate hairs, soon glab- rescent, beneath ne t® and densely tomentose ; flowers ] ex = aedenns in the Soak and tidal forests es ne the shores from Soe Chittagon down to jp aaeaie and the Andamans, ascending the rivers as far = waves.—Fl, Fr. o—l.—SS. = Ca. Sal. Runanns.—Liber a ands fibre for cordage. Wood soft and valueless. 1. H.macronhyllus, Roxb.; H. £. Ind. Fl. i. 8337.—Yetwoon.— pee ——— tree (30—50 + 15—30 + SS all softer parts es. 3 4 a j 4 i Thespesia. ] MALVACER. 187 eovered with a short, soft, tomentose tomentum intermixed with long, brushy, tawny, ‘stiff hairs ; ; bark whitish, about 2 lin. thick, rather smooth, longitudinally marked with little corky lenticels ; eut pale colour ed, dry ; stipules very large, densely tawny or rusty hirsute, deciduous ; 3; leaves cordate or broadly rotundate-cordate, on a long tomentose and tawny setose petiole, about }-1 ft. long and broad, shortly acuminate, entire, densely and softly tawny tomentose on both sides ; flowers large, yellow, with a dark-purple eye, soon turning reddish or purplish in falling off, on short tomentose and setose pedicels, forming poor racemes on rather long ary peduncles ; involucre divided to near the base in about 10 stiff, erect, tawny hirsute lobes somewhat shorter than the lanceolate hirsute calyx-lobes ; capsules ovoid, a little shorter than the calyx, obtuse, with a mucro, densely tawny setose ; lin with dense tawny long hairs. uent in sea tropical forests all over Burma from Tee and Martaban Paoees to Tenas i FL Fr. R. S.—s.—S$8.= Metam ti Remarxs.— Wood site heavy, coche %e dies -grained, Cae white te, turn™ ing pale brown at exposure. Liber a strong fibre for cordage. Might be used for house-posts and for other in-door “Sasi Po purposes. 8. H. scandens, Roxb. ; H.f. ae Fl. 1, 337.—A lofty, woody, ‘ seandent shrub, oe stems as thick as an arm, all softer parts velvety-tomentose ; bark rather thick. slightly rimose, smooth ; cut brown; leaves cordate or broadly cordate, shortly and blung ish 3-5 5-lobed, on rather long shortly tomentose petioles, very i n toot ai n Di pivavey Mommies | from stellate hairs ; flowers middling- sized, yellowish, with purple tips, orang purple outside, with or without a purple eye, on about 1-13 in. long tawny tomentose peduncles jointed below the ee and pian in short axilla: racemes, usually forming larger or smaller terminal panicles involucre almost coriaceous, greyish-velvety, deeply 4-7 (usually 6) cleft, the lobes broadly lanceolate, acute, shorter than the oblong- lanceolate velvety 3-nerved calyx- -lobes Senin ovate-oblong, longer than the calyx, rather obtuse, with a mucro, densely stellate- — ; seeds covered with long, soft, white cotton. - ses ong ora ee forests of Martaban.—Fl. Fr. March- —s: 1 8B etam. “ . Are ee eet light, coarsely —— then yellowish, very poss a THESPESIA, Corr. : Bracteoles 5-8 or fewer, rarely wanting, deci Calyx iduou = truncate, minutely 5-toothed, or parted. Corolla i Stami- = 128 MALVACER. [ Thespesia. nal tube 5-toothed at apex. _— 5- 4-celled, with os ovules in each cell, the style furrowed, club-shaped, entire or 5-toothed. — Capsule opening more or less io & loculicidally, almost woody. — Trees or shrubs, with entire or shortly lobed leaves. Flowers large, yellow. All younger parts and unripe — covered with rusty- -coloured scales ; seeds shortly tomentos . T. populnea. All younger eae and usually hs: leaves beneath shortly stellate- unripe capsules densely hirsute ; seeds glossy . T. Lampas. 1. Th. populnea, Corr. ; H.f. Ind. Fl.i. 845 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 63.—An evergreen tree (80—35 + 3—6 +.3—4), often remaining shrubby, the younger parts all minutely rusty-lepidote, glabrescent ; leaves cordate, on rather long petioles, acuminate or almost cus- pidate, entire or waved, 4-6 in. long, glabrous, beneath sprinkled with minute rusty-coloured scales. ; flowers large, pale sulfur, turning reddish, on slender 1-3 in. long pedicels, — somewhat shorter sao te petioles ; involucre consisting of 1-3 deciduous te leaflets or sometimes quite Wanting? calyx bell- shaped, “nore with 5 minute teeth; capsule depressedly globose, rinkled with hers scales, but soon glabrous; seeds large, hooked, shortly tomentose. —Common in the beach and ee — all naa the shores from Chitta- gong aus to Tenasserim and the Andam Fl ; Fr. March-May.—l.— SS. = Sal. Aren. Remarxs.— Wood pale reddish-brown to brown, strong, even- acing: faa = iber hard. Ms for furniture, carpentry, &c. ; used for cart-wheels, spokes, & yields fibr 2. Th. oom Dalz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 345.—A sparingly branched meagre shrub up to 8 ft. high, the seunis parts more or less stellate-tomentose ; leaves variable in shape and size, cordate or ob- Jong-cordate, entire or shortly lobed, with the lobes acute or blunt, 3-5 in. long, on rather short stellately puberulous petioles, more or less chartaceous, entire, while young usually on both sides stellate- tomentose, glabrescent above; flowers large, yellow with a purple eye, on short thick pedicels of the length of the petioles or a little longer, axillary and solitary, or more usually few together on long axillary peduncles and forming a poor leafy or bracted raceme : ; ieeclase consisting of 5 to 7 minute distant leaflets arising from __ the thickened end of the pedicels; calyx nearly truncate, with 5 _ distant subulate lobes ; capsules ovoid, obtuse, or nearly so, slightly _5-angular, densely tawny hispid, more or less glabrescent when i ripe; seeds sonal, aaldat aed black and glossy. Has.—F all leaf-shedding forests, especiall ——— all over Davies a ype ey Fr, egy. eo oe Gossypium. | MALVACER. 129 GOSSYPIUM, L. Bracteoles 3, leafy, cordate. Calyx truncate or shortly 5-cleft. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments outside. Ovary 5- Annual ; seeds free, clothed with firmly adhering silky down . G. herbaceum. eds black, free or cohering, devoid of : - G. Barbadense, solitary, on short pedicels ; involucre consisting of 8 broadly cordate acute or acuminate leaflets either entire or more usually variously serrate or cut; capsule 3-5-celled, elliptical or ovate, acuminate ; seeds free, clothed with firmly adhering white down and surrounded y white or tawny cotton. ., = 4B.—Much cultivated in several varieties all over Burma, and often seen as ae . By toungyas and neglected lands—Fl. Fr. C. and HS.—1— 2. G, Barbadense, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 347.— Noo-wah.—A much- lobed, slender petioles, more or less hairy or quite glabrous, blackish-dotted, Y seen in gardens of Burma. : BOMBAX, L. ee Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, or ifregularly 3-5-lobed. Staminal - = Column divided into numerous filaments, of which the inner ones eet eee MALVACER. [| Bombax. or nearly all in pairs and united at base into 5 or more bundles. Ovary 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell; style club-shaped, or shortly 5-lobed at top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, loculici- dally 5-valved, the cells densely woolly inside. Seeds obovoid or globose, envelo in the wool. Albumen thin.—Leaf-shedding trees, with digitate leaves. Flowers large, scarlet or white. Leaflets on a 10-12 lin. long petiolule ; staminal bundles consisting of 15 to 20 strong and thick filaments; petals broader and Suometowenexea 5 ee eg B Malabaricum, Leaflets decurrent on the 2-3 lin. long petiolule; staminal bundles consisting of 50 or more long filiform filaments; petals longer and straight, with incurved margins. : ‘ . . B,. insigne. . B. Malabaricum, DC.; H.f. Ind. Fl.i. 849; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 82; Brand. For. Fl. 31.—Letpan or deedoo—A tree Lar | 3 < & — 3 ts 3 gh. a & ry ria o tan cy ee @ y Et 4 mM Lge) at as gy. oO = S Has.—Frequent in all lent shedding forests, especially the mixed ones, all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava downto T i f is FE ee es 0. Sore: | Latin grr ood very light, white, or yellowish-white, coarsely fibrous, 0 x e, s es no polish. Used for coffins, in Hindostan also for light packing boxes, fishermen’s floats, &c. O' = 28 pd. Cotton used for stuffing cushions and pillows. Yields the brown mtichi ras 2. B, insigne, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 349.—A tree (60—100+ 40—60 + 5—16), leafless in HS., all parts glabrous, the stem and branches unarmed; leaves long-petioled, 7-9-foliolate; leaflets 2 to 3 lin the branchlets; calyx about 14 in. long or somewhat longer, urceolate-globular, densely silk-hairy inside, usually shortly and Eriodendron. | MALYACER. 131 bluntish 2-lobed, finally deeply 2-cleft; petals oblong-lanceolate, | lunt, narrowed at base, 5-6 in. long, those of the fallen corollas | straight, densely stellate-tomentose outside; staminal bundles con- sisting of 50 or.more unequally long filiform filaments; capsules oblong, woody, 7-10 in. long, obtusely 5-angular, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah and the zdamans, up to 3,000 ft. elevation ; also Ava.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. C.S.—1.—SS. = 1D. RemaRxs.—Wood as in the preceding species. ERIODENDRON, DC. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, or irregularly 3-5-lobed. Staminal bundles 5, united at base, each bearing 2-3 sinuose or linear anthers. Ovary 5-celled with several ovules in each cell; capsule woody or riaceous, densely woolly inside. Seeds enve oped in the wool; albumen very thin or absent.—Armed or unarmed trees with digitate leaves. Flowers solitary or fascicled, usually white. g pedicels, fase: the sears of the fallen leaves and crowded at the end of the branch- lets; petals about an in. long, of a thick fleshy texture, densely tomentose outside ; calyx thick coriaceous, bell-shaped, irregularly 5-lobed ; anthers linear, serpentinely bent and variously convolute ; capsules oblong, smooth, thick and coriaceous; seeds numerous, iss ina fine silky wool and slightly adhering to it. Hap.—Here and there cultivated in Pegu and Tenasserim; a single tree observed wild in the coast forests of South Tdeen: “i the PEMARKS.—Wood light, good for toys. The cotton of the seeds used in same way as that of Bombax. Gives also a resin. DURIO, L. ae divided into 4 or 5 bundles; filaments many, each bearing a globose = head of sinuous 1-celled anthers. Ovary 4-5-celled, with many _ gyules m 2 series in each cell; styles connate; stigmas capitate. Fruit a very large woody prickly capsule loculicidally 5-valved or 132 STERCULIACER. [ Durio. almost indehiscent. Seeds arillate.—Trees with simple leaves, all parts usually more or less silvery or coppery scaly. Flowers in lateral cymes. heads ; fruits as large as a child’s head and larger, usually more or less globular to ovoid-oblong, the woody valves firmly adhering to one another and covered by sharp conical prickles; seeds large, oblong, covered by a thick, cream-coloured, sappy, deliciously-tasting arillus. tiv? Has.—Cultivated in Upper Tenasserim ; wild and forming forests in Lower Tenasserim from Lat. 14° southwards (Helf.).—Fr. May-June. Remarxks.—A favourite fruit with the Burmese and Malays in spite of its disagreeable smell. STERCULIACEZ. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, or unisexual. Sepals 5, more or less, rarely wholly, connate. Petals 5 or none. Stamens usuall united into a ring cup or tube, many or rarely few and free; anthers 2-celled, in heads, orin a single ring at the apex or dispersed on the outside of the staminal column, with or without intervening stami- odes. , 2-5-celled, rarely of a single carpel, sessile or stalked, with many or few anatropous ovules attached to the inner angle of the carpels ; styles as many as ovary-cells, united or free. Fruit dry or fleshy, dehiscent or tndehiscent. Seeds rarely aril- late, with or without albumen. Cotyledons leafy, flat, folded or convolute.— Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate, simple, or pal- mately or digitate leaves. Stipules present. Flowers in axillary or terminal, usually cymose inflorescences. Carpels shortly tomentose from stellate ‘hairs, flowers about 4 in Sterculia. | STERCULIACER. 133 in making oe belongs to this order. The greater part of the urmese species are woody, and some of them reckon amongst the loftiest trees of the country. *« — onset in flower — tea peace al nde or fewer. unisexual or polyg S. Anthers numerous, aa tamety clutored follicles sane’ . Sterculia, Anthers 5, in a ring ; carpels indehise . Heritiera. * * Carpels sited into @ pie or lobed ovary or " frwit. Ss hermaphrodite. “Petals ee aS = t s 5-15, usually er tees rece ap Anther-cells di earetie or confiue seeds n ee Anther-cells er gee seeds win a . Orosper mute tt A ere numerous ; staminodes ‘ivine . x ates ay XX Petals usually — marcescent. Ovary 5-celled; stamens 5 . Melochia. ne Ant ~ ers turned inwards. Petals concave = base. rs by 2-4 alt epi with stamin Capsule Sawin ater, ‘lies ent ; ieser non z ; ie - Abroma, Fruit globular, muricate, indeb scent ; athens none : * - Guazuma. Capsule 2-5-lobed, not winged, dabanent | seeds arillate. . Leptonychia. Seeds not sited: y" or more along the sut ure of the car- pels or solitary and laterally adnate to the base of the follicle c) Follicles Masala r grt not expanded or yer cns ae simply de cent along the he ventral ps ads Seeds 2 rpel more ious 4 the ati of the ca di, X Leaves digita Leaves glabrous ; en soe sie the purple lobes spreading . St. fetida, Leaves pleat greyish puberulous beneath, = =— the lobes » Sho: . St. versicolor. : RK Leaves palmately lobed or cut. Leaf-shedding trees. Carpels densely covered with stiff Fe oe a flowers small . St. urens. + Ste villosa, Chrpels done densely covered ed with ‘stiff short hairs, glabrescent flowers nearly 3 in. . St. ornata, "XXX ae “all entire. "Small evergreen trees or meagre shrubs, 134 STERCULIACER. [ Stereulia. + Leaves quite glabrous. Calyx shortly tubular, striate, the lobes erect St. longifolia, Calyx almost rotate, the lobes linear, very tong, and somewhat : twisted . coccinea. tt Leaves more or less tomentose or pubescent, at least beneath. A Flowers more than } in. bane in — brown-tomentose Sigg . St. rubiginosa. AA Flowers in panic Leaves tomentose ; calyx-lobes free and spreading flowers long- led . St. angustifolia, . Leaves minutely stellate-puberulons beneath calyx-lobes short and ‘Ving 5 flowers shortly pedicel St. parviflora. OO Follicles chartaceous = membranaceous, leaf -like exp 7 boat-sh X Follicles leaf-like expanded, beari aur lor —_s the marginal sutures at abo . 4. a their Fine scurfy tomentose, cri aie ee or Tess lobed, oc sap send aatat entir < waseen or “ste peers cays about 8-9 lin. long . St. colorata. Loaves ery nse, much lobed, dle beneath ; calyx ‘about -1} in - St. fulgens. as solitary and laterally adnate to the base of t-shaped fo Follicles produced below a about t — ils an as, as ao Be = lobe; leaves tomentose or Scan beneath, ra st. So ils Follicles simply boat-shaped ; leaves glabrous, glossy, coriaceous . St. scaphiger * Seeds numerous, winged along their upper end, esi ma woody large follicle. 1, St. alata, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 860 (8¢. Heynei, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. ” 930) — bet-kop e.—-A leaf-shedding tree (80—100 + 60—70 + 8—10), the leaf buds tawny puberulous; bark you thick, corky, ash-grey ; leaves cordate-oblong, 4-7 in. long (in oung trees up to a ft. long), on long glabrous petioles, shortly scomiti or acute, 5- or almost 7-nerved at base, chartaceous, entire, glabrous ; flowers about 13 in. in diameter, greenish, on the outside covered with a rusty-brown scurvy tomentum, purplish inside, on very short thick rusty-tomentose pedicels, forming rusty-scurvy-tomentose axillary racemes usually forming a spurious terminal panicle ; calyx almost to the base 5-cleft, bell-shaped, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, stamens about 25; ovaries 5, in the Seanaile herma od os flowers sessile and surrounded by 5 sessile bundles of salieaaiect stamens ; follicle as large as or fibro woody, nearly rge ’s fist or larger, usly oa Bars long-stalked, clothed with an as e-brown velvety ___ tomentum ; seeds large, numerous, attached to the borders of the valves, a es compressed, terminated by a long, broad, spongy es egu, and Mar- t in the ea forests all over a ie oo Hada Fr. Apr.- | — Stereulia. | STERCULIACER. 135 RemarKs.— Wood rather light, coarsely fibrous, yellowish-white, perishable: * * Seeds not winged, 2 or more along the suture of the carpels or solitary and laterally adnate to the base of the foltiele. O Follicles coriaceous, not leaf-like or boat-shaped. 2. St. foetida, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 854; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 31.—A large tree (80—90 +40--60+4+8—10), pe Rem, leaves in HS., glabrous, except the young shoots ; leaves crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets, long petioled, digitately 5- er tae leaflets oblong or elliptically oblong, or almost lanceolate, 6 long, shortly petioluled, narrowed at base, usually a or cuspidate, entire, almost coriaceous or chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers . = sa large, dull-purple, forming lax, simple, or branched glabrous | racemes about as long as the petioles; calyx deeply 5-cleft, about an in, across, glabrous outside, densely woolly inside, lobes lanceolate, spreading ; gynophore slender and pia: 2 puberulous ; carpels 5, very villous ; 3 follicles about 3-4 in. long by 24 broad, glabrous, and while young somewhat pruinous pe isons inside ; seeds 10-15, oblong, large. Haz ee Tenasserim ; also Martaban.—Fl. Apr.-May; Febr.-March.— L—SS.—Meta REMARK 8 very light, coarsely fibrous and rather loose-grained, white, then then yellowish, takes an indifferent polish. Liber furnishes fibre. Exudes gum 3. St. versicolor, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 355.—Shaw-hpyoo.— A tree (80—90 + 40—60 - 8—10), sage stunted in sterile ess during HS., the stem grey; leaves digitately 5-foliolate, on a shortly greyish tomentose petiole 6-8 in. long ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, on a 6 lin. long petiolule, acuminate, entire, rather acute at base, 5-7 in. long, glossy and dark-green above, glabrous and canescent or greyish as beneath ; flowers small, odorous, pale yellow, turning deeply orange, on very short mose, forming gre ubescent axillary ‘panicles some- what shorter than the petioles ; calyx oblong-bell-shaped, almost fleshy, villous, about 5 jin. long, 5-6- rarely 7-cleft, the lobes short, oblong, blun untish, conniving, but distinct at their tips ; gynophore glabrous ; ovary densely villous; follicles similar to those wrens, but larger, oblong, sessile, incurvedly and stontly acuminate, =a in. long by more than an in. thick, crimson o nA and covered with stiff, fragile bristles, siehea inside. < S ee —— in — a Fae mixed (es aie gehe~ the Saw _—— and in eg -—Fl, Qetob.; . & oa =Si oeP aes 4. St. urens, Ro Ae, Ind. Fl. i. 355; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 82; Brand. For. Fl. 33.— A tree (60—70+ 40——50-+8—10), leafless 136 STERCULIACER. [ Stereuha. in HS., the softer parts stellately tomentose; bark pale ash- coloured, jimedeiy Re eling off in papery flakes ; leaves ecdal at the ends o thick pees about 1-14 ft. broad and long, usually 5- lobed, wa the lobes acuminate (the basal ones often overlapping each other), herbaceous, or somewhat chartaceous, densely tomentose, the tomentum of the upper side bart short ; flowers rather small, greenish, ee in much-branched tomentose panicles, the cels furnished at their bases with long brown linear bractlets ; calyx Bal ikabed, 5-toathed, 24-3 lines long ; gynophore thick and half as long as the calyx ; carpels 5, tomentose ; follicles coriaceous, ovate-oblong to “ablong. acute at the recurved apex, orange to bright red, covered by a dense short tomentum intermixed with numerous stiff, fragile, pungent hairs; seeds 3-6, oblong, black. Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier upper mixed oat 9 of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban, up to 3,000 ft. elevation ; also in the mixed dry forests of Prome ; Tenasserim.—Fr. March-Apr.— RemarKs.—Wood soft, spongy, and loose-grained, ee 0 ‘=33pd. Yields a gum resembling tragacanth. Liber furnishes fibre 5. St. villosa, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. 355; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 32 5 Brand. For. Fl. 32, t. 10.—Shaw-nee.—A tree (60—70+ 40—45 +4—6), leafless during HS., the younger parts tomentose ; bark smooth, almost glossy, grey, covered. with corky warts; cut red ; leaves large, rotundate or cordate, palmately 5-7 lobed, 1-14 ft. each way, on long densely puberu lous petioles, 5-7 -nerved at base, while young pubescent on both sides, glabrescent above, the atl lobes acute or acuminate and usually again lobed; flowers nume- rous, pale yellow, with pink or orange eye, on slender puberu- ous icels, forming larger or smaller more or less pendulous tawny tomentose panicles towards the extremities of the branches ; haped, deeply 5-cleft, puberulous outside ; gynophore short, slender and curved, glabrous ; stamens 10 ; ovary “puberulous ; follicles coriaceous, oblong, bright red, densely and shortly tomen- tose outside and shortly hispid tomentose inside, about 14-2 in long by 1 im. or more thick, almost sessile. Hazs.—Frequent in the upper mixed — of the ise and hie Yomah and Martaban ; also Ava, Tenasserim, and the Andamans.—Fl. H.S. ; Fr. Begin. of RS.—1—ss. oie Manes: SiS. EMARKS.—Wood soft, reddish, fibrous. The liber is very _— and lasting, and is made most readily into ropes, and extensively used as such by the Burmese mahouts, ete., to such a degree that the tree has become se. poste in the outer hills _in the more accessible forests. Exudes a gum. _ §. St. ornata, Wall.—Sza-wa.—aA tree (50—60 + 25—40 + 3— 5), resembling the former species, shedding leaves in HS., the shoots tomentose from nm (in a dried state brown ), soft, often glandular opie cut white ; ead ‘eid. 5-7-lobed, with the lobes Sterculia. | STERCULIACER. 137 acuminate, beneath densely pubescent with stellate hairs, above sprinkled with minute fascicled hairs ; flowers rather large, on 3 to nearly an in. long pedicels, usually pale ochre-coloured with a reddish base, forming several softly tomentose panicles towards the ends of the thick branches; calyx minutely pubescent, half an in. long, the lobes lanceolate, spreading ; gynophore stellately tomentose, the anther-heads incurved, in the female flowers the ovaries densely hispid-tomentose ; follicles by 5-7, densely covered with pungent nearly a line long fragile hairs, glabrescent, about 24-3 in. long, rather cylindrical, recurved or incurved-acuminate ; seeds several, oblong, black and smooth. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.; Fr. March-Apr.—l.— SS. = SiS., CaS., Metam REMaRKs.—Wood soft, fibrous, white. The liber furnishes cordage equal to that of the preceding species. Exudes gum. 7. St. longifolia, Vt. (St. striatiflora, Mast. in Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 356).—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves obovate- _ oblong, 8-9 in. long, on a 1-1} in. long petiole, narrowed towards the base, abruptly and shortly bluntish acuminate, entire, charta- ceous, strongly nerved and net-veined, glabrous; flowers about 23-3 lin. long, on short puberulous pedicels, forming slender puberulous racemes much shorter than the leaves ; calyx bell-shaped, on the outside almost ribbed longitudinally and slightly stellate-pu- berulous, minutely velvety inside; the lobes lanceolate, tomentose along the borders, erect-spreading, nearly as long as the tube; Synophore in male flowers very short; stamens about 15, in a dense head ; follicles oblong, about 2-2} in. long, almost sessile, scarlet, velvety, glabrous inside ; seeds ovoid, blackish. -—Burma, probably Tenasserim. 8. St. coccinea, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 357.—A simple- stemmed evergreen shrub, 2-4 ft. high, not or slightly branched upwards, glabrous, or the young shoots slightly stellate-pubescent ; leaves oblong or elliptically lanceolate, 8 to 9 in. long, rounded or obtuse at base, on a glabrous petiole 1-2 in. long, acuminate, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, the nerves and veins very distinct ; flowers ofa delicate pinkish-rose colour, middling-sized, on slender rather long pedicels, forming slender slightly glandular-pubescent panicles usually shorter than the leaves ; calyx rotate, nearly 1} in. mm diameter, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes spreading, from a broad base _ Narrow- , woolly inside, sparingly stellate-puberulous outside ; ou Pegs glabrous ; follicles (in — plants) coriaceous, — vear-obiong, long rec’ -beaked, velv bright] i Bin, me ee 3g Eres ety, brightly crimson, 138 STERCULIACEM: [ Stereulia. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. March ; Fr,-Apr.—s.— SS. = SiS., Metam. Has.—Burma, probably Tenasserim. 10. St. angustifolia, Roxb.—A middling-sized tree, all softer parts tawny pubescent; leaves lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, abo i ut 5-7 in. long, on a densely rusty-tomentose petiole 8-10 lin. 11. St. patriots, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 359.—A small ever- _ pilose within ; seeds oval, black, _ Hap.—aAva hills towards Assam. : O O Follicles chartaceous, leaf-like expanded or boat-shaped. ay St. colorata, Roxb. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 359 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr 32; Brand. For. Fl. 34.—Wet-shaw—A tree (3050-41025 4. | 1 : 4 F ” Sterculia. | : STERCULIACER. 139 3—4) , leafless in HS., the younger parts more or less pubescent ; bark grey ; leaves broadly ovate or cordate, 3-5-lobed with the lobes short and cuspidate, occasionally undivided, entire, 4-6 in. long, on long slender glabrous petioles, chartaceous , glabrous or puberulous eath ; flowers scarlet, in simple, lax, scurfy-tomentose panicles ; calyx clavate-tubular, about 8 or 9 lin. long, 5-toothed, stellate- tomentose outside, velvety inside; gynophore slender, glabrous, — curved, as long as the calyx or somewhat longer; anthers umerous ; carpels glabrous; follicles dehiscing very early and leaf- like expa anded, chartaceous, oblong, on long slender stalks, glabrous, laxly net-veined, with usually 2 or rarely a solitary oblong seed along the su Has. Pregn in all leaf-shedding forests, all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim and the An damans, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. os SEY; aul Hein, of R.S.—1—8S.—= ow SiS. Sia —The liber furnishes inferior cordage. 13. St. falgens, Wall.—A leaf-shedding tree, the younger parts pubescent ; leaves nearly 14 ft. long and broad, cordate-rotundate, 5-lobed, with the lobes acuminate, on long puberulous petioles, above stellately puberulous, beneath similarly tomentose or pubes- cent; flowers scarlet, 1-1} in. long, very much like those of the former, but more tabular, on short scurfy tomentose pedicels, forming scurfy tomentose panicles ; calyx clavate-tubular, scurfy stellate-tomentose outside, velvety inside, with a villous ring at 7, shortly 5-cleft ; gynophore puberulous, half the eS *» the calyx or somewhat longer ; stamens numerous ; follicles unkn Has.—aAva ; Tenasserim. anulata, Wall.; H.f. Ind. nied i. 362. —A tree (100 less acute, on a 14-2 in. long puberulous petiole, 3- to 5-nerved at base, 3-5 in. long, membranous, glabrescent above, shortly puberu- lous’ beneath; flowers green, on short jointed pedicels, formimg smooth, pruinous, short, and stiff panicles at the ends of the thick branchlets ; ; calyx bell-shaped, pruinous, 5-lobed, the lobes plone, at about the middle, chartaceous, nerved, and minutely puberulous; seed solitary at the base of the follicle, puberulous. | Has.—Frequent in the tro ical forests along the eastern slo of the Pegu Yomah sod Mastaban.—P March: Fr. Apr.—s:1.—SS. = Hehe = Remarxs. —Wood soft, white, coarsely fibrous, and rather loose, but ats “ Soe = and emails, takes polish. Exudes a gum resembling 140 STERCULIACES. [ Heritiera. 5. St. scaphigera, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 361.—A tree (90— 120-480-700 Oo 13 ; shedding leaves in HS., all parts glabrous ; bark greyish-brown, 4 in. thick, peeling off in irregular concave pieces ; cut reddish, very fibrous ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, obtuse or rounded and strongly 3-nerved at base, bluntish acumi- nate, on a 14-3 (in young trees up to 5) in . long petiole, 5-8 in. ong, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers 34- 4 in. in diameter, on very short and thick puberulous jointed pedicels, forming rather short, robust, much-branched puberulous panicles at the end of the thick branchlets ; calyx almost rotate, usually deeply 5-cleft, pale orange or yellowish with a reddish base, in bud greyish- puberulous, finally sparingly stellate-puberulous, glabrous inside, the lobes ob- long-lanceolate, acute; gynophore slender, curved, glabrous ; an- thers about 10-15 ; follicles 6-8 in. long, boat-shaped, open already in flower, herbaceous, ‘turning chartaceous, much nerved and veined, more or less puberulous outside and shortly eyish tomen- tose on the nerves and short stalk; a Bite the size of a cherry, obovoid or almost globose, exalbum Haxs.—Frequent in the tropical forests along mS ae ~ central slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Mart. —— also Chittagong and Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.- March ; Fr. March-Apr.— :L—SS.— = Metam. SiS. Lat. EMARKS.— Wood sie light, coarsely fibrous, i. grained, white, very perishable. "dake yields a fibre. . HERITIERA, Ait. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 4-7- (usually 5-) cleft. Petals none. Staminal column slender, bearing a ring of 5 anthers; anther-cells parallel. Ovary-carpels ‘usually 5, nearly distinct, with a single ovule in each; style short, with 5 rather thick sti aged woody, indehiscent, ‘keeled, or almost winged on the back. Albumen none.-—Trees, with sim simple leaves ca a sige: Flowers small, in ary panicles. ‘Tasman usuall cordate or rounded a: s leaves a pees. 1 usual fibrous-woody under the thin epicarp, obliquely and feondly depressed, the keel at the summit broad and almost wing-like * * Carpels glaucous green or grey, roughish and cory: ercled ; leaves long-petioled acrophylla. - iH littoralis, Dry. ; H. f. ad FLi i. 363 ; Bela. a Sy, Mad. oat Al, £. 6. —Psnglasbdad-eo. —An evergreen tree 20—30 4-64 4—5), all the softer parts silvery-scaly ; bark grey ; leaves rand or o| oblong-lanceolate, on a thick, silvery scaly petiole 3-1 in. . rounded or oy cordate at base, 4-6 (of the shoots : 8-12) i in. long, almost blunt or acute, entire, es h . A. minor. a Jot Sa a Pe se SS ener ay i as tlie aaa Settee SS yy file kas EI ae Heritiera. | STERCULIACER. 141 Has.—Frequent in the tidal forests all along the sea-shore from Chittagong ore to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. May.—l.—SS. = Remarxks.—Wood brown, rather light and loose-grained. 2. H. minor, Lam. (H. fomes, Buch.; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 363).— Penglai-kana-so.— An evergreen tree, 30—40 ft. high by 4—5 ft. girth, all the softer parts silvery scaly ; leaves broadly or almost obo- vate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, on a thick silvery scaly petiole 3-1 in. long, usually narrowed towards the acute or obtuse base, 4-6 in. long, acute or blunt, rarely rounded, coriaceous, beneath densely silvery lepidote with an admixture of numerous minute rusty-colour- ed scales; flowers dull orange-coloured, on slender pedicels, forming rusty-tomentose panicles ; carpels sessile, obliquely depressed-obo- void, fibrous-woody with a thin fragile brown smooth epicarp fur- rowed inside, the keel winged along the outer edge. Has.—Frequent in the tidal forests all along the Burmese shores from ; Chittagong down to Tenasserim, ascending the rivers as far as the tidal waves.— | Fl. Febr.-June ; Fr. R. S—SS. = Sal. . _ Remarxs.—Wood brown, strong, tough anddurable. W = o'—66; break- ing weight — 1,132 pd. Used for boats, piles of bridges, house-posts, rafters, &c. Se ee ee woody, almost obliquely oval, glaucous green, roughish from grey- co ustules, the keel on the inner side conspicuous, on the outside obsolete, produced in a rather long cori- aceous wing-like appendage. -Has.—Upper Tenasserim. 142 : STERCULIACER. [ Helicteres. HELICTERES, L. Bractlets small, or remote from the calyx. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft at the top, often ‘inscanl and oblique. Petals 5, equal, or the 2 upper ones larger, clawed. Staminal column adnate to the gynophore, elongate, truncate at the top or more frequently bearing 5 teeth or lobules with 1 or 2 filamented anthers between them ; anther-cells often Boohilibent into one. Ovary sessile or nearly so on the summit of the staminal column, 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; styles 5, more or less connate. ‘Capsule consisting of 5 straight or spirally twisted carpels opening along their inner edge. Albumen scanty.—Shrubs, rarely trees, with simple leaves often oo Flowers axillary, solitary, fascicled, or race- mose *% Carpels spirally twisted ; leaves unequally serrate . . H. Isora. * * Carpels straight or nearly so. © Calyx about 4-6 lin. long or longer. Leaves unequally ed. + Calyx-tube terete. Calyx laxly stellate, woolly. = viscid . = ‘ : - .« M..viscida. Calyx shortly scurfy tomen: . H. hirsuta, Tt Calta 5. -gono us, woolly tomentose, the obsoletely and remotely repand . A, lanata. © ) Calyx oly 2 oe 8 long. y cohering, forming a a villous- ben moter piculate, or blunt capsul te rey tomentose ; leaboe sprinkled above with stellate ae r ac obtu Stems glabrescent, leaves glabrous above, actyninate i. lannaatata: X X Carpels loosely wget with the points all free, rtly hairy ec stokes in short po racemes - . plebeja. in elongate slender racemes = usually m much longer than the leaves . H. elongata. Ly bs, + summit, a linear abruptly toothed claw of = length ¢ the a dteelf + anthers 10, on short filaments, a =. in ‘pairs with the linear staminodes round the ovary ; - BTS Pe ere res SRAM tN 6 Fe hit yo cot ty Semel 1 a eo eee Velie Se Oe a aE ee Helicteres. | STERCULIACER. 143 eapsules about 1-14 in. long, long-stalked, consisting of 5 linear many-seeded minutely stellate-tomentose carpels spirally twis and terminating in a thick point. ' Has.—Burma (probably Ava ?) ; 2. H. viscida, Bl1—A shrub, all parts covered with a lax, short, viscid tomentum; leaves cordate-oblong or cordate-rotundate, almost 3-lobed towards the extremity, on a short villous petiole, acuminate, irregularly serrate-toothed, membranous, above sprinkled with short soft hairs, beneath softly viscid-pubescent or loosely viscid-tomentose ; flowers rather large, on short pedicels, forming soft prickles, the carpels straight, firmly united, and termimating in | a short blunt point. - Has.—Ava. them ; calyx about 6 lin. long, terete, shortly stellate-tomentose; petals nearly twice as long, on long, slender, abruptly toothed capsules about 1-14 in. long, on a long glab- Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. March. _ 4. Hi lanata. (Oudemansia lanata, T. & B.).—An evergreen middling-sized shrub, all parts stellate-tomentose; leaves ovate, rounded or rarely almost cordate at the base, on a stout woolly petiole only 2-8 lin. long, acuminate, obsoletely repand, membra- nous, 5- or almost 7-nerved from the base, 3-5 in. long, above _ fugaceously lanate, beneath whitish and stellately woolly tomentose ; flowers small, dark-purple, on very short thick pedicels forming by 3-6 small woolly tomentose poor cymes on axillary peduncles not _ above } in. long ; calyx tubular, 5-cornered, about 4-43 lin. long, 144 STERCULIACER. [ Pterospermum. woolly tomentose, 5-toothed; petals glabrous, not much longer than the calyx; staminal tube pilose at the middle; ovary pilose, the style glabrous. Has.—Adjoining provinces of Siam. 5. H. obtusa, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 366.—A small shrub, all iced parts shortly tawny tomentose ; leaves oblong to oblong- lanceolate, on short tawny tomentose petioles, obtuse or rounded be the Sonarved base, blunt or acute and usually mucronate, 2-2 long, chartaceous, entire, above sprinkled with short stellate haley bunioath shortly tawny stellate-tomentose ; flowers small, short ey column glabrous; capsules oblong, short, about 7-8 lin. ees densely covered with long villous filiform soft prickles, the carpels closely cohering, blunt or “nearly so so Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. June; Fr. ec -Apr. 6. H. plebeja, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 866.—A small shrub, all softer parts scabrous from short stellate hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceo- late to ovate-oblong, on a short but slender petiole, rounded at base, about 3-5 in. long, more or less irregularly toothed, acumi- nate, membranous, above almost glabrous or sparingly | and shortly hairy, beneath scabrous from minute stellate hairs, while young densely greyish-stellate-pubescent, rarely the tomentum persistent ; flowers small, pale-lilac, shortly pediceled, forming poor slender stellate-puberulous fascicles in the axils of the leaves; calyx about re lin. long, sparingly stellate-hairy ; petals somewhat longer than the calyx; capsules 8-10 lin. long, stellate-tomentose and softly prickly, the carpels soon oa and terminating in more or less Bohn gee poin —Frequen eee fe gemags the upper mixed forests of J —Fl. Oct.-Sep Jan.- — het and Marta, up to real - elevation. +1.—SS.— SiS., Metam. 7. H. elongata, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 365.—Much like = former, the leaves more or less stellate-pubescent beneath and 1 so above; flowers springing from slender, elongate, often 3-4 in. in. oraie leafless, axillary branchlets, rarely in ‘short fascicles, as in H. ce: A PTEROSPERMUM, Schreb. aus 8, entire or cut, sometimes very deciduous. Calyx os tabulads 5-cleft, ‘deciduous. Petals 5 5, deciduous. Staminal column Pterospermum.| _ STERCULIACER. 145 nodes alternating with as many trios of filamented anthers ; anther- cells linear, parallel. Ovary sessile on the summit of the column, ed with several ovules in each cell; style simple. Capsule woody or coriaceous, opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds pro- duced into a terminal wing. Albumen little or mone.—Trees and shrubs, with simple, entire or more or less lobed leaves. Flowers usually showy, axillary. Stipules entire or cut. 4 3 | * Capsules distinctly 5-cornered. Leaves large and broad. Bractlets and stipules pinnatifid . = ° : . r . Pt. acerifolium, Bractlets entire ‘ . Pt. aceroides. 3k Capsules terete or nearly FP ee Leaves semisagittate at base; stipules pinnatifid . Pt. semisagitta- tum. ©O Leaves not semisagittate at base. t+ Pedicels much longer than the petioles : ‘i +f Pedicels short, about the length of the petioles, or rarely a little longer. Leaves entire, acuminate, beneath rusty (rarely greyish) tomen- tose ; stipules and bractlets linear-subulate with a cucullate appendage . : ‘ é ‘ . : > . P. cinnamomeum, Leaves usually angular at summit; stipules and bractlets entire, lanceolate, without appendag ‘ : . : - + P. javanicum. 1. Pt. acerifolium, Willd. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 868; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 35; Brand. For. Fl. 35, t. 11.—TZoung-hpet-woon.—An ever- A, . P. lanceefolium. apex, distantly repand, toothed or entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, beneat tawny or yellowish-grey tomentose with an intermixture of Sy coloured fugaceous wool ; flowers very large, white, on very s ort . : leaves calyx _, H4s.—Frequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests along Rewarxs.—Wood tie mae brown, coarsely fibrous, takes a fine polish. 2. Pt. aceroides, Wall.—An evergreen tree, (40—50+20—25 +3—4), all altar packs densely tomentose ; leaves oblong or broadly _ usually a little oblique, those of the younger trees palmat : : ee 146 STERCULIACER. [ Plerospermuth, 5-7-lobed, on a rather short greyish tomentose petiole, 5-7-nerved, deeply and usually unequally cordate at base, shortly acuminate or apiculate, glabro ous above, beneath greyish or tawny tomentose ; ipules ... ; flowers large, white, on short thick pedicels, arising by 3 or 2 from a short axillary tomentose peduncle ; bractlets oblong- lanceolate, tomentose, entire; sepals 2-3 in. long, very thick coria- us, from the middle recurved, linear, rusty tomentose and striate outside, tawny stellate-pubescent and. yellow on the inner side; s white, almost tubular-connivent and erect, unequally obovate ; stamens in bundles of 5, each bundle alternating with a long linear staminode, all united at the very base ; style glabrous; ovary tawny tomentose ; capsules oblong, 5-angled. Has.—Tenasserim and per eee in tropical forests. —Fl. H. S—s._8S.= SiS. Metam owiit:. —Wood exactly like that of the former species. 3. Pt. itta Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 368,—WNa- kyay-pen or naj yay pen .—A tree (50—60 +25—30 +3—6), shed- ding leaves in HS., all the younger parts more or less tawny to- meres Pek ery, 1-2 lin. thick, peeling off in rounded, concave, cular and rathe r large flake s, longitudinally channelled ; leaves eicas or oblong-lanceolate, on a very short petiole, unequally cordate or rounded at base with the one lobe much larger and usually more or less sagittately produced, 7-8 in. long, acuminate, entire, chartaceous, glabrous above, greyish (along the strong nerves tawny) tomentose ; stipules finely pinnatifid ; flowers large, white, on ghork rusty tomentose pedicels, aneres solitary, terminal and a bracts usually 3, very e, and forming a woolly involucre, 38 cleft, the segments ‘adioialy lobed and pinnatifid-fringed ; calyx about 4 in. long, ee sepals reflexed, linear-lanceolate, thin coria- , stellate-tomentose and 8-nerved outside, velvety inside; ovary of s sant stellate-tomentose; capsules almost terete, ovate-sblong, ‘Sant, narrowed in a thick short stalk, woody, covered with copious brown fugaceous “stellate and somewhat furfuraceous sar eerise 5-celled, 2-3 in. long. 4B.—Frequent in the mixed and ee Sr ciel all over Burma from Chitta- Gide ant Shs Sows G Tees Fr. C.S.—s X L—SS. = wSiS. Remazrxs.—Wood heavy, ae ee 4. Pt. lanceefolium, Roxb. ; H-f. Ind. FL. i. 368; Brand. For. _ FL. 35.—An evergreen tree, all ‘younger parts ereyish or whitish : tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat a tog / unequally tomento amen, eee on a 1-2 i Plerospermum. } STERCULIACER. 147 . long, reflexed, linear, coriaceous, striate and tawny or greyish tomentose outside, velvety anda H4B.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban ; also Tenasserim. —Fr. March.—s,—8S. = Metam. RemaRxs.—Wood red-brown, rather heavy, coarsely fibrous, rather close- grained, perishable. 6. Pt. javanicum, Jungh. (Pé. Blumeanum, Korth).—An ever- steen tree, all softer parts greyish or pale brownish tomentose ; _ Stipules entire; leaves small, obliquely oblong or trapezoid-oblong, acute at the one and rounded at the other side of base, on a densely tomentose petiole 1-2 lin. long, 14-3 in. long, rather abruptly acu- minate, almost glabrous and glossy above, densely velvety tomentose beneath ; flowers large, white, on a 3-3 in. long velvety peduncle, arising solitary from the axils of the leaves; bract entire ; sepals obscurely nerved, linear, 1-1} in. long, tawny tomentose outside and Stmilarly appressed pubescent inside; filaments and style glabrous ; ‘Ovary and style-base tawny villous; capsule ovoid oblong, about -13 in. long, at base contracted into a short thick stalk, covered by dense brown seceding tomentum. 148 STERCULIACER. [ Eriolena. ERIOLENA, DC. Bractlets 8 to 5, either deeply cleft or lobed, or small and usually caducous. Calyx 5-cleft or finally 5-parted, valvate. Petals 5, deciduous, with dilated tomentose claws. Staminal column short, bearing on the outside numerous linear- oblong anthers, the anther- = parallel. Staminodes none. Ovary sessile, 5-10-celled with ovules in each cell; style erect with as many spreading stig- mas as het Ree Capsule woody, opening loculicidally. winged above. Albumen thin.—Trees, with simple, often lobed leaves. Flowers usually yellow and showy, solitary, or several on ae lots cles. E. Candollei, tree (50-80 15—30+ 7—8) , shedding leaves in HS., the younger parts stellate-tomentose; bark grey, about an in. thick, shortly — and narrowly fissured ; cut dry, reddish; leaves ovate-cordate, on long tomentose or glabrescent petioles, 5-12 in. long, acuminate, unequally and bluntish crenate-toothed, while young on both sides tomentose, finally glabrous above ; stipules lanceolate, small, deci- duous; flowers large, yellow, on an in. long petiole, forming termi- nal and axillary somewhat tomentose racemes nearly as long or longer than the young leaves ; bractlets 3, oblong-linear, pectinate- toothed, or almost pinnatifid, ‘tomentose ; ‘petals about an in. long, the claw ineurved ; stigma 8-10-lobed ; capsules woody, ovate, acu- Ke about 2 in. long, roughish, 8-10-valved. —Not unfrequent in the dry and low forests, rarely in the mixed forests of eae and — a down to ‘Beube and Pegu.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. C.8.—l— ReMarxks.—Sapwood pale-brown, the heart-wood of a beautiful bick-red oon , tough and anetio used for gunsticks, paddles and rice-pounders. O = MELOCHIA, L. Sepals 5, connate at base. Petals as many, marcescent. Sta tamens 5, opposite to the petals, at base united into a short tube; anthers suave ge 2-celled, the cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5 5-celled, he vules in each cell; styles 5, free or connate at base. Caps 7 localicidally 5-valved. Seeds albaminous.—Herbs or a eke rarely small trees, with simple leaves. Flowers small, clustered or ay panicled. 1. M. velutina, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 35, t. 5, £.3.; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 874.—A small tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, or remaining shrubby, all tose petiole, acuminate, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 370.—Dwa-nee.—A Guazuma. | STERCULIACEZ. 149 membranous, shortly puberulous above, softly velvety tomentose beneath ; stipules broadly cordate, large, more or less pubescent ; _ flowers small, pale-rose coloured or sometimes white, on very short tomentose pedicels, forming large tomentose corymb-like long- uncled panicles at the end of the branchlets or in the axils of the leaves; calyx greyish tomentose or pubescent ; capsules oblong, about 3 lin. long or somewhat longer, hirsute, deeply 5-lobed, the mature carpels separating and terminating in a subulate hirsute point ; seeds solitary in the cells, brown, smooth, winged at the extremity. 1 _Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenas- | Plies Ww 1 ed, soft, silvery-gl MARKS.—Wood whitish, ve ight, even-grained, soft, silvery-glossy. | Good for nothing but children’s boys: : = pasion! GUAZUMA, Plum. Sepals 5, united almost to the middle, at first spathaceous. Petals 5, concave at base, at the apex produced into 2 narrow strap- : shaped appendages. Stamens 10, connate in a column, tubular at base and terminated by 5 fertile 3-antheriferous filaments alternat- ing with as many lanceolate staminodes ; anthers 2-celled, the cells diverging. Ovary sessile, 5-lobed and -celled, with numerous ovules m each cell; styles more or less connate. Capsule oblong, woody, tubercled. Seeds albuminous.—Trees, with simple leaves and small Owers in axillary cymes. 1. G. tomentosa, H. B. K.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 107; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 375.—An evergreen tree (30—60 + 10—30+2—5), the softer parts shortly stellate-tomentose; leaves unequally ovate or ovate-oblong, about 4-5 in. long, rather short petioled, unequally : cordate at base, acuminate, irregularly toothed, above scabrous from 4 minute stellate hairs, beneath shortly tomentose ; flowers small, = yellow or dark-purple, forming peduncled short usually dichotom- ously branched cymes in the axils of the leaves; capsules woody, indehiscent, oblong or almost globular, echinate-tubercled, black, many-seeded. . oS pote American tree sometimes seen planted as an avenue tree.—Fl. R. 7 ea Pe C8. _ ___ RemarxKs.—Wood light, loose-grained, light-brown or fibrous ee furniture, king re a , takes good polish, and is good for furniture, packing cases, Wc. Bie young tend alte car sings anol a aio for clarifying sugar. LEPTONYCHIA, Turcz. Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, shorter than the sepals, concave, val- : = vate. Staminal column tubular below, above divided into 3 series of oe 150 STERCULIACER. [ Buetineria. filaments, the outer series consisting of 10-15 ligulate staminodes, the median of 10 fertile stamens, and the innermost of 5 very short subulate staminodes; anthers linear-oblong, introrse. Ovary ne 3-5-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; 3 styles connate ; stigma capitellate. Capsules 5-2-, rarely by abortion 1-celled, sama septicidally or loculicidally, or both. Seeds with a scarlet arillus. Albumen fleshy.—Small trees or shrubs, a simple leaves and small cymose axillary flowers. Outer staminodes 15, the inner des cilia L. glabra. age 10, the inner not lite caret minutely . L. heteroclita. | bra, Turcz. ; iL é Ind. Fl, i. 379.—An evergreen shrub e : leaf-buds slightly saibopiaoaii at oblong to oblong- lanceolate, on 4-2 in. long petiole, obtuse at base, acuminate, 5-7 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous, drying blackish ; flowers rather small, in an almost sessile puberulous — small cyme; petals almost rotundate, retuse ; outer stamin: 5, inner staminodes ciliate; - capsule $ in. long, coriaceous, wiabled. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. L. heteroclita, Kz. (Z. td Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 114).—An evergreen shrub, growing out into a little tree, the young shoots minutely puberulous ; leaves fat sokats to oblong-lanceolate, on a rather short but slender petiole, acuminate, almost entire, 2-4 in. long, membranous, glabrous ; stipules linear, minutely puberu- lous, deciduous ; flowers small, whitish, pediceled, forming a very short ier ie poor puberulous cyme in ee axils of the leaves; in the scarlet Has.—South Andaman, in the tropical forests. BUETTNERIA, L. Sepals 5, connate at base. Petals 5, with a concave claw, re with a single or oeasionll 2 oblong black seeds entirely ma = 5 5-1-seeded valves. Albumen none.—Herhs or shel aie i Buettneria. | - STERCULIACER. 151 x ves cordate-oblong, entire cee about 14 in, thick, greyish ‘velvety, covered with — y prickles - B, aspera. Gupuiiien 4 in. in Sinenutee; quite glabrous, woody prickly . B. echinata. eaves more or less lobed or angular. Capsules the size More or less roughish rillate -tomentose; capsules densely covered @ flexible bristles . B, pilosa, Glabrous or ear 80; aaa dovered with tong, stiff, eniboth: . B. Andamanensis. . B. aspera, Colebr. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 377.—A large scandent shrub, the trunk often 2-3 ft. in girth, the younger rene minutely puberulous; 3; bark brown ; eres cordate-oblong, on a glabrous or eich neath, but soon quite glabrous; flowers small, yellowish and puberulous outside, pinkish inside, on long, slender, greyish, puberulous pedicels collected into little umbels aa forming greyish puberulous branched cymes in the axils of the leaves; sic fleshy, shorter than the _— cuneate, with a recurved t on the borders, narrowed into a purple incurved claw, the bite: conniving with their 2-cleft ni a little below of which arise the filiform pubescent processes ; capsules woody, 1-2 in. in diameter, almost globular, dirty grey and roughish velvety from a minute stellate “rg gee echinate from short, strong, rather distant sharp pric- kles, 5-celled ; seeds solitary in the cells, ovate-oblong. Hazp.—Not anfroqnet in the tropical forests from Peg = Beg down - nasserim and the Andamans—Fl. Apr. -May—s: SiS. Metam. 2. B. echinata, Wall. (B. crenulata, Mast. in HE Ind. Fi. i. 376 in part, not of Wall.).—Probably a climber; leaves elliptical to elliptically ovate, rounded at the base, shortly ‘acuminate, on a egrag about 1-14 in. long petiole thickened at both ends, 3-nerved t the base, chartaceous, obsoletely crenulate, glabrous, 14-3 in. long capsule globose, $ in. thick, glabrous, covered with rather distant subulate acuminate prickles of 2-34 lin. length. Has.—Pegn. 3 , Roxt:; £. Ind. Fl. i. 377 Paes oy —s large scandent aheuB: the stems as thick as a man’s thigh, ee Sait 6 in Be is bi I = 5 in. long, shortly 3-5-lobed with the lobes acuminate, serra _ toothed, ee ee on both sides — with short stellate roughish ‘hairs, beneath while young softly tomentose ; flowers _ Small, yellowish, on short but slender ine in little umbels forming short compound puberulous cymes in the axils of ‘ = te, 5 to . each way, on a stellate hirsute 152 TILIACER. [ Buettneria. pasa ; calyx-lobes whitish ; petals much shorter, linear, purple wards the base, 2-cleft at the _ and produced below the poi in a long linear oe process ; ¢ es the size of a cherry, globular, densely covered with long wee rigid but flexible hispid bristles ; seeds small, ovate-oblong. Has.—Frequent in the tropical and mixed forests all over Burma and the siisscenk provinces. Fr. C. S.—sX1.—SS. = SiS., Metam., Ke. 4. B. Andamanensis, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 377.—A scandent eaten shrub, the young shoots ev: and softly puberulous ; leaves cordate-ovate, on a glabrous or almost glabrous petiole 3-5 in. long, shortly 3-5-lobed, with the lobes acitnreats or acute, rarely almost not lobed, irrecularly and coarsely toothed, membranous, while very young softly pubescent, full grown glabrous, and usually a little puberulous along the principal nerves ; flowers on slender pedicels, forming bi- to trichotomously bra: nehed, slender, minutely puberulous cymes in the axils of the Paces ; capsules globose, the size of a cherry, glabrous, — with unequally long, stiff, quite smooth, straight, sharp bristles. Has.—Frequent in the coast-forests 7 South Andaman ; also Upper Tenas- serim.—Fr, HS. TILIACEA. Ms regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals 3-5, free united, valvate. Petals as many as sepals, rarely none, imbri- usually aris m a prolonged or dilated torus, free or rarely 5-adelphous ; asia 2-celled.. Ovary free, 2- ee each cell with few often pendulous or numerous ovules often placed in two or more series. Fruit fleshy or dry, dehiscent or iitohieeents 2-10 or by abortion fewer- or 1-celled. Seeds 1 or many, ascend- ing, pendulous or transv nits without arillus. Albumen fleshy, abundant, scarce, or rarely none.—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with alternate, rarely opposite, aeiaphe or lobed leaves. Flowers usually cymose The j juice of all species is more or less mucilaginous. The fibre of many species is very strong and used for cordage, and Corchorus yields-the famous jute. Some trees yield superior timber. The stag of some Lgocarps are made into the so-called bramin- upes of some Grewias possess an agreeable acid taste and are feed ; in sherbets, &. About 50 species are known from Burma, of which the =< part reckon amongst woody plants. = ok Anthers opening by sl ee. => united in ian beibsdiaged 3-5-cleft calyx. ee fee Brownlowia. | TILIACER, 153 Fruits 3-5-winged, indehiscent, by abortion l-seeded . m . Pentace. X X Anthers all developed. Capsule 3-4-valved with ice aS many wings . : . . . © O Sepals distinct. Petals with a more or less adnate asal seale. Fruit dry, winged ‘ ‘ Z s : " - Columbia. Fruit more or less drupaceous, not winged. ‘ i « . Grewia. nthers opening by apical pores. Capsule woody, 4-valved =. : ; ‘ tadrupe . é errya, - Echinocarpus. . Eleocarpus. Fruit a BROWNLOWIA, Roxb. Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 8-5-cleft. Petals 5, glandless. Stamens many, free, arising from a raised torus. Staminodes 5, opposite to the petals and petaloid. Anthers almost globose. subulate, slightly cohering. Carpels ultimately free, 2-valved, - l-seeded. Albumen none.—Trees, with stellate or scaly pubescence and simple leaves. Flowers in terminal and axillary panicles. * Calyx and inflorescence puberulous or pubescent. Leaves deeply peltate, oblong or rotundate . ; : ‘ . B. peltata. Leaves not peltate, cordate-oblong ; calyx 3-34 lin. long, velvety . B. elata. Taft, a 4 - >} 7 ie oe see * a J a icioaie bya iste Leaves lanceolate ; calyx 2 lin. long, scaly . = ‘ . B. lanceolata. jm! & = > Nn B lt pemead oy Pe fo ‘3 es ct m Ee pe 8 oe oe 2. B. elata, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. FL i. $81—A large evergreen = PSS tree, the trunk measuring, according to Roxburgh, about 15 ft. in a girth, the younger parts rusty or tawny puberulous ; leaves cordate co s, forming lar, us chlets and in the axils of the upper leaves ; calyx _ -tomentose ; petals obliquely —— - > 154 TILIACEE. [ Pentace. usually 2 or 8, roundish oval, 1-1} in. in diameter, woody, 2-valved, ash-grey, minutely puberulous, 1- rarely 2-seeded. Has.—Tidal forests of Chittagong and Tenasserim.—l.—SS. =Sal. --B, —— Bth. ; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. Se —An — tree “95-884 —]0 +2—8), the younger parts rusty or coppery tepidote pana lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or.obtuse at the base, on a lepidote petiole } in. long or longer, 3-7 in. long, acuminate, eye nestor glabrous above, greyish lepidote beneath, while @ rusty and metallic-scaly all over; flowers small, hardly 2 fin: rah on rather long lepidote pedicels, forming rather short, rusty or coppery lepidote narrow panicles in the axils of the upper leaves or collected into larger ones at the ends of the branchlets ; calyx densely lepidote, hardly 2 lin. long ; petals some- what longer, oblong, slightly narrowed at base; carpels almost onc rather flat on the iner ae, shortly greyish pubescent, about . in diameter. Has.—Rather frequent in the tidal forests and mangrove-swamps of the enables « from Arracan down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.-May.—l.—SS.—Sal. PENTACE, Hassk. Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, inserted on the torus, free or in 5 bundles ; staminodes 5, and 1 . See » albuniinous: Tn rees, with waiters or slightly snicabe seni a iia small, cymose in terminal panicles. ie i nae oe Ind. Fl. i. 381.—Thit-ka or kathit-ka—An evergreen tree (100—120+ 70—75+5—12), the younger parts pubescent ; aves oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-6 in long, rounded or obtuse at the 3- or almost 5-nerved base, on @ giabrescent petiole 3-3 in. long, acuminate, entire or slightly sinu- ate-lobed, chartaceous, glabrous and glossy above, beneath pale and especially along the nerves gaint ; flowers small, on rather = pads the lobes lanceolate and rather regular, tomentose outside ; ae i. obovate-oblong, nes at the base, somewhat longer * the ealyx; stamens in 5 bundles of 4 to 7, the bundles alternating wit Be many eral long staminodes ; capsules 5-celled ’ shortly tavny-pabeseent, the valves e rounded va longitdina 1-15 in 1 ong wing at Berrya. | TILIACER. — 155 Has.—Frequent in the topes forests of the eastern yo era ca of the Pegu Yomah and from Martaban down to Upper Ten —Fl. Jan. Fr. Febr.-March.—s :1.—SS. a Metam, RemMarxks.—Wood rather hesvy, _COATHE- -fibrous, but close-grained, white, eee a brown at exposure, the wood red. Used for boats, &c. Exudes a BERRYA, Roxb. Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 5-2-lobed or -cleft, Petals 5. tamens numerous, free; anthers almost globose. Staminodes none. Torus not raised. Ovary 8-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style subulate. Capsule nearly elobose, loculicidally opening in 2 or 3 valves, each bearing on the back 2 vertical diverging wings. Seeds one or two in each sell: Albumen fleshy.—Trees, with entire or lobed leaves 5-9-nerved at base. Flowers small, in cymes ae ps nicles. . y es : tree (60—70 + 3035467), shedding leaves in HS., all softer parts shortly stellate pubescent ; aig thin, longitudinally cracked, rather smooth, pages & ; eut dry, iets e eaves pee tomentose are ee at the end of the Said $ y= densely pahascine aide: deeply 2-3-cleft, — globose in bud ; petals heey longer than t 3 st s : a uent in the drier upper mixed and hill forests of ae ale tthe Pas Yomah, up to 3,000 ft. elevation—Fr. March.—l.— am, Worl sel izorn per prized for axles, the poles of carts and ache ery for spear-handles. 56-62 pd. COLUMBIA, Pers. Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, — a basal scale. Stamens nu- “whee free, arising from -3-celled, with a Ovary 5 -4 ovules in each cell; style ns res Capsule roundish, 3-5-— nee and-celled, the cocci indehiscent, l-seeded. Seeds albumin- 156 TILIACER. [ Grewia. 2 all, clustered, in terminal panicles Leaves cordate-oblong ; fruits 3-lin.indiameter. . . . C, floribunda. Leaves lanceolate ; fruits 13 in. in diameter. . - C. Merguiensis. 1. C. floribunda, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 393.—A meagre shrub, 6 to 10 ft. high, all parts scabrous from short stellate hairs; leaves _rotundate or broadly obovate-oblong, usually cordate at the 7-nerved base, on a rather long slender scabrous petiole, acute or shortly acuminate, but more usually blunt, usually produced towards the summit into | or 2 short, blunt or truncate or rarely acute lobes, distantly toothed, chartaceous, very scabrous above from minute stellate hairs, beneath similarly more or less puberulous and turning scabrous; flowers small, on slender but short shortly tomentose pedicels arranged in little peduncled cymes and forming terminal, lax, greyish puberulous panicles at the end of the branches or smaller ones in the axils of the uppermost leaves; sepals about a line long, shortly greyish pubescent outside, red inside; petals obovate-oblong, blunt, nearly as long as the sepals, yellow, scarlet- otted, with a minute, villously fringed, thickened, basal cavity ; capsules 7-9 lin. in diameter, scabrously stellate-puberulous, sepa- Is. ous.——Trees or shrubs, with simple often oblique leaves. Flowers | les. rating into 3 or 4 indehiscent 2-winged 1-seeded carpels : Has.—Martaban, in Toukyeghat east of Tounghoo; also Ava.—Fr. Nov.- an. 2. C. Merguiensis, Planch.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 394.—lLeaves lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, acuminate, 1-3-nerved, on 4 in. long petiole, serrate, scabrous above, puberulous beneath ; capsule $ in, across; = downy, 3-winged. (From Hooker’s Jl. Ind.) A H AB.—Tenasserim. | GREWIA, L. Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, with a basal adnate scale, rarely none. Stamens numerous on a raised torus. Staminodes none Ovary 4-2-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell ; style subulate. Drupe fleshy or fibrous-fleshy, entire or 2-4-lobed, containing 4-1° one- or two-seeded pyrenes or stones. Albumen fleshy or rarely none.—Trees or shrubs, with simple 1-9-nerved leaves. Flowers usually rather small, axillary and few, or in cymes, or in terminal _ panicles. * Flowers forming terminal panicles, involucred while in bud. ood . . : © Endocarp of drupes fibrous-woody - « G. calophylla. a ©) © Endocar pes crustaceous or bony. Leaves chartaceous, not sinuate, glabrous, or beneath puberulous ; ovary and torus glabrous - G. microcos, oe Se - G. sinuata. eae Grewia. } TILIACER. 157 © Leaves at base 3-nerved, or rarely with an additional lateral nerve. Drupes deeply 2-4-lobed from the top (by abortion Senet ne 1-lobed Cymes and sepals shortly rusty-tome entose ; ; leaves on both surfac very scabrous ey minute stella scarab rope deeply s-lobed G. scabrida. Cymes sprinkled with sti ft hairs, s eabr t; sepals greyish tawny velvety; leaves y short- — rarely puberulous beneath . G. levigata. Drupes entire, or only ‘slightly lobed. Leaves sons on yous parts on“ velvety ; drupes globular, —— A pub: - G. excelsa. si bane: oti rved ; cymes rather long- peduncled drapes ee inset _ ‘obed red, sparingly hirsute - Gz hirsu As former, but m nsely sper or tomentose ae” fs humilis Leaves at base Sta or Dr aos scabrou awe in short, dense sessile clusters ; stamens . G, microstemma, O O Leaves mene broad, 5-7-nerved at base, t the upper rg 3-nerved, or 3- and 5-nerved ones enter x Pedun coats _— them than the petioles. Leaves chiel-lanecolat, especially while young greyish or hitish to se beneath . G. elastica, Theva aera an ovate or almost rotundate, sparingly stellate- pubescent, or pubescent beneath, often scabrous . G. asiatica. X X Peduncles very e gine alinot reduced, and the ie owers appearing clustered. oe Leaves very variable, tomentose Pe pubescent drupes from the top : 4- or by abortion fewer-lobed . - G. abutilifolia. Leaves very scabro co aed harsh ; drupes "the size of a cherry, almost globose. . G, sclerophylla. * Flowers bivelucted eke in hia isles terminal BE 1. G. calophylla, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 392.—An e een. me tree (20—30-+8—16-+ 2—24), all parts elepic, am. Teal bade ee ay, WABe —Not uncommon ieee tropical coast-forests of South Andamans.— Fi. May-June—s. 88. 8i8., _ Remarxs.—Wood yellowish-grey, with a darker-coloured héart-wood, rather ae fibrous, light. 2. G mi L.; H.£. Ind. Fi. i. 392.—Myat-ya.—Very = Variable j In size, usually a tree of 40 to 50 ft. high, with a trun 158 TILIACER. [ Grewia. 10-25 ft. long anda girth of 4-5 ft., but occurring also as a small shrub of only a few feet, the young shoots slightly pubescent; bark about 4 in. thick, brown, rather even, but rough, peeling off in very small convex pieces; leaves obovate-oblong, broadly oblong or oblong, on a rather short hirsute petiole, usually unequal at the rounded or obtuse 3-nerved base, 4 to 6 in. long, acuminate, crenate-toothed or serrate, chartaceous, thinly and elegantly nerved, sprinkled with short hairs along the principal nerves beneath ; stipules falcate- lanceolate, puberulous, simple, those towards the inflorescences often 2-cleft ; flowers small, yellowish-white, while in bud usually by 2 or 8 clustered and concealed by the lanceolate coherent puberulous bractlets, the clusters peduncled and collected into terminal, hairy, and often puberulous panicles; sepals obovate- lanceolate, densely puberulous, waved; petals about a line long, the blade shortly 2- or 3-lobed and longer than the foveolate base, which is villous along the margins and outside; ovary and the short gynophore glabrous ; drupes oval, the size of a pea, blackish, glabrous, containing a bony 3-6-celled stone. Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to enasserim, in the mixed forests, especially the lower ones.—Fl, Apr.-J une.— s X L—SS.= Lat. p. ReEeMaRrxks.—Wood not used, O’ = 51 pd. blunt or bluntish, chartaceous, above glabrous or nearly so, beneath spri with minute stellate hairs ; flowers small, yellowish, while ch and involucred by the obovate coriaceous tawny ; | tlets, a orminge a short peduncled tawny pubescent panicle at the end of the branchlets; sepals 3-4 lin. long, concave, cuneate-lanceolate, pubescent ; petals a line long, narrow, with a villous basal appendage; ovary and torus glabrous ; unripe drupes obovate, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the swamp-forests of the alluvial plains in Pegu and Martaban cia Tenasserim.—F. Stay: a bare 2 ie * * Flowers in axillary or leaf-opposed cymes or clusters. Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 389.—An evergreen _ shrub, all softer parts shortly rusty-tomentose; leaves oblong or ovate-! late, 5-6 in. long, on a short rusty-tomentose petiole, _ obtuse or rounded at the 3-nerved base, serrate, acuminate, charta- ceous, on both sides (more so beneath) scabrous from short stellate hairs, the transverse nerves very conspicuous; flowers about 8 to Pee! rhe See TON ae Wd oe eae DEE gee WS Se ae Oech age Tee AL Wye ee Grewia. | TILIACER. 159 Has.—Not uncommon in the upper mixed forests all over Pegu and adjacent Bis ane down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Sept.-Oct.; Fr. March-Apr.—s.— SS. = Remarxs.—Wood rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, soft, white, turn- wnish. : ing yellowish, then bro - G. hirsuta, Vbl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 391.—Kyek-ta-yaw.—An the serrate, slightly wrinkled and scabrous above, p t or softly tomentose, or on both sides tomentose ; cen rare thick, solitary, or by 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves, 2-4-flowered ; flowers small, white, turning yellow; lanceolate, tomentose outside; petals h _ Slabrous outside, half the length of the thick villously-bordered e, beneath pubescent or sepals ut 3 lin. long, alf as long, oblong, blunt, __ ae 160 TILIACER. [ Grewia. basal scale; torus short and thick; ovary villous; stigmas 2-3 spreading, stigmatose-fringed ; drupes almost globular, obsoletely . 4-lobed, as large as a pea, red-brown, hirsute, containing four 2-celled stones. Has.—Frequent all over Burma in the mixed forests, especially in the upper ones.—Fl. H. and R.S.; Fr. C.S.—sxl. —SS. wo SiS. All. H. excelsa, Vhl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 885.—A shrub, greyish vel- vety all over, with globular greyish velvety drupes; is said to grow in Chittagong. 7. G. humilis, Wall. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 390.—Very much like the preceding species, but the leaves broader and shorter, and in varieties even retuse, the tomentum more villous or velvety. Probably but an extreme form of the former. Has.—Not unfrequent in the savannahs, especially along the borders of the swamp-forests of the Irrawaddi-alluvium of Pegu ; also Ava.—Fr. C.S. 8. G. microstemma, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 390.—A shrub, all -softer parts scabrously puberulous ; leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, unequally rounded at base, 3-nerved, with an additional nerve dt tawny puberulous ; petals linear-lanceolate, a line long, on the back with a line of hairs, as long as the oval villously fringed thickened basal scale; stamens in male flowers 16 3 ovary hi . G. elastica, Pintayo or Pengtarow.—A_ tree (25—30+8—15+2—8), sheddin _leaves in the HS., all softer parts greyish velvety or shortly tomen- tose; bark thick, wrinkled, and knobby; leaves obliquely oblong-or ovate-lanceolate, 5-7-nerved, on short tomentose glabrescent petioles, whi ; peta _ about a line long or shorter, linear-lanceolate, hardly thsakened at base and a little puberulous; ovary villous; dru small pea, containing two 1-seeded stones. q tees and the long petioles pcan drupes oblong . E. robustus. : All parts densely and shortly pubescent ; drupe globu ular . . EB. stipularis. * «Cymes terminal. Branches oppost ite. gates Z. Budrunga. 1. Z, acan acanthopodium, DC.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 493.—A small with straight, sharp, long prickles; leaflets in 6 to 2, usually 4, pairs with an odd one, unequal at the base and sessile, Janeeolatt to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-crenulate, 2-3 in. lon ng, membranous or chartaceous, glabrous, beneath with or without scattered glands, the midrib often with a few long sharp prickles; flowers small, apetalous, pediceled, forming — —— — panicles of only 3-1 in. length, glabrous or pubescent; ripe f = usually by 4-2, the size of a eS Ae obliquely Ovo! Has.—Burma, hills east of Bhamo. 2. Z. Andamanicum, Kz.—An evergreen half-scandent shrub, se armed with short, pail somewha t curved p: a ir on the outer pee Se except took s the apex, entire, ai the inner margin coarsely crenate, sparingly pubescent on the Siideat beneath ; flowers and fruits unknown Has. ce an forests of the Andaman islands.—s.—SS. = Metam. 3. grom sir pray seanent pai Ind. Fl. i. 494.—. An ove ver- i. to 8 In. ; rachis rather cots: erie or pubescent, on the back armed wi recurved prickles; leaflets in 2-3 pairs with an odd one, on short petioles, oblong to ovate-oblong, 2-6 in. long, abruptly and rather - . tose; flowers small, shortly pedicelled ; fruiting carpels obliquely 182 RUTACER. [ u licogt. long acuminate and notched, coriaceous, entire or nearly so, glossy on both sides, glabrous, or beneath somewhat pubescent; cymes panicled, very slender, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, pubescent or tomen- | ae the size of a cadsc beni; pitted, glabrous. AB.—Ava. . % Badraiiba: DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 495.—Maya-ning—An evergreen tree, (50—60 + "18—30 + 5—6), all parts glabrous, the stem reddish-grey, armed with woody somewhat compressed oval tubercles terminated by a ehort, airaight, sharp prickle ; bark corky- rough, about 2 lin, thick ; rather dry, yellowish ; leaves some- what crowded at the end of the pense pinnate, ‘glabrous, the petiole and sometimes the rachis with a few short curved prickles; leaflets from 7-10 pairs with an odd one, 3 to 6 in. long, the lower : ones gradually smaller, very oblique, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, mery shortly petioluled, ¢ euspidate, membranous, bluntish crenate- rrate or entire, glabrous ; caries minute, greenish-white, in in dhotonicans glabrous or slig at myer axillary panicles much shorter than the lista an crowded at the ends of the branches, the common peduncle Pe = ae petals 4, about 4 lin. long; ovary een: ripe carpels solitary, the size ofa pea, 2-valved, covered with balsamic vesicles, one-seeded ; seeds globular, wees oe Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and moister npn pee forests from cua 4 and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—s.—SS. = SiS., Metam. arKs.—Wood rather heavy, white, soon turning yellowish, with silvery lustre, oa -grained, soft. Ermer Forst. Calyx 4-lobed or-parted. tals 4, spreading, valvate or im- - bricate. Disk large, entire, ATR or Ghsolete, Stamens 8, insert- ed at thy base of the disk, alte mately shorter ; filaments, subulate QS and node terminal, more or less eprahned | stigma IE one (2) Helferi, H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 492. a Dieailpns (?), quite ee oo ; bark wrinkled 3 leaves 1-foliolate, on a stout ne 1 in peti io ¥ ts obova vate-lanceolate, blunt, ve | branous, the nerves horizontal, very slender ; cymes tiie eee rather sates tol than the Toddalia. | RUTACER. 183 petiole ; peduncle rather stout, quite glabrous; male flowers small, fascicled, on short stout pedicels ; pales valvate, longer than the stamens ; disk 8-lobed. (After Hooker.) - Has.—Tenasserim or Andamans. TODDALIA, Juss. Flowers more or less completely unisexual. Calyx 2-5-toothed | or-parted. Petals 2-5, imbricate or valvate. Torus obsolete or | somewhat elongate. Males : Stamens 2, 4 or 5 (or 8, the alternat- | ing ones reduced to staminodes) ; filaments subulate or filiform. ary rudim mentary, entire or Patek Females : ovary sessile or Sepia 1-7-celled. Testa o gpeds coriaceous. Albumen —Shrubs, usually scandent, armed or unarmed, with alter- — nate 3-foliolate leaves ; ; flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles. l. T ac aculeata, Pers. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. 497 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 42, t. 6, f. 5 —Kyan-zah.—A large detent shrub, the young parts more or less rusty-tomentose ; stem armed with numerous wood tubercles terminated by black, short, curved prickles, the branches hooked and spiny ; bark brownish, whitish lenticellate ; leaves 3- foliolote, glabrous, on a # to 1 in. long unarmed or prickly petiole ; flets obovate-oblong, more or less narrowed at base, very shortly ‘petio ed or almost sessile, apiculate or bluntish acuminate a often notched, obtusely crenate-toothed, membranous or gestsag ceous, 2-3 in. long, the lateral nerves rather parallel ; flowers small, greenish or yellowish-white, on rather short puberulous pedicels, forming more or less rusty puberulous rather simple axillary pani- cles much longer than the Pi wate petals linear-lanceolate, acute, about 3 lin. long ; stamens 5 ; berries almost. globose, the size of a small pea, reddish or yellowish, 5- 7-celled, covered with aromatic- = vesicl ce ace the tropical and A SRE SE eg ar ike mi down to Tonner up to 4,000. ft. elevation; also along the eastern slopes of the Pegu so June; Fr. March-Apr. Mieke: Letam. SiS. ACRONYCHIA, Forst. = Flowers polygamous. Calyx short, 4lobed, imbricate. Petals 4, valvate. Torus thick, 8-angular. Stame amens-6, steneisly short- “ina RUTACER. [ Glycosmis. ‘Albaiinels fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, with opposite or alternate 1.3-foliolate leaves. - Flowers small, usually in axillary panicles or ‘gg cymes . A. laurifolia, Bl. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 498. (4. peduneulata, DC. ; Bed Sylv. Madr. 43, t. 6, £. 4) —A small shrubby tree or large shrub, 10-25 ft. ‘ih, the trunk 3-8 ft. long by 1-2-ft. girth, evergreen, all parts glabrous ; leaves 1-foliolate, rather shortly petioled, sliichigicinhsoclite, ovate-oblong to obovate, about 3-5 in. long, apiculate or blunt, entire, minutely pellucid-dotted, glaucous green, glabrous ; fuven small, white, on rather long straight pedicels, forming corymb-like srichibboatialy branched rather long- peduncled panicles in oe axils of the leaves and terminal ; petals hirsute at base inside ; ovary tomentose ; rok Sy the size of a large pea, ee aabel Sanpel: apiculate, glabrou Has unfrequent in the Ry ee coast font of the Andamans ; also Pegu, ne Rangoon Chittagong. Fl. R. S.— —=Sis. GLYCOSMIS, Corr. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 10, ; filaments dilated upwards or downwards, or rarely filiform; - anthers often furnished with a gland on Nhe back or at the tip. Disk stalk- or cushion-like. Ovary 2-5-celled, with a solitary pen- dulous ovule in each cell ; style not jointed. at ‘base and persistent. y pu -3-seeded. Testa of seeds membranous.—Shrubs or little trees, with alternate pinnate or 1-foliolate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal panicles. X Berries fe render or oblong, leaden-blue, a Bark white; aia rs = to 1-foliola . G. eyanocarpa. -X X Berries more or less ee ” from wat ery “flesh- co) rimson. Bark white or B amet mieten Filamen its from a broader b d deciduous, 1-3 lin. long. mee wl, sae Filaments filiform, = long ; petals deciduous, about = ay long. . a. Filaments flat, upwards broader with a triangular a: longer persistent, almost obovate, nearly lj lin. nog 5 aatheen conspicuously wad 4 pped . 4G. ee F. : Spre Heiiak 3 cyanocarpa, Spreng. owk.—An evergreen shrub, often growing out into a small tree, ally parts iigous the ranetdets pale-coloured ; leaves very variable, from 5- to 1-foliolate, pinnate, on a shorter or longer petiole ; leaflets oblong to lanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, shortly petioluled, if pinnate 2 to. 5 in., if simple up to a foot, long, longer or shorter bluntish acuminate, thin coria- ceous or chartaceous, glabrous, often sinew silvery beneath ; ees —— ‘small, iceled, variously cymose or Games enone ry oF i i tS i was SOD tem Joa had Pee i ee : -& fine fibre, Glycosmis. } | RUTACER. 185 2 lin. long, longer ocieistenks filaments ‘fat, tapering from a broader base ; anthers blunt ; berries obovoid-oblong, nearly 4 in. long, smooth, leaden-blue. Haxs.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah.—Fl. Apr.—s.—8S8.=Sis. 2. G. arborea, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (25—30+8—10+42 —3), all parts glabrous, the branchlets brownish ; leaves pinnately 5-3-foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate to oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, on an |-2 lin. long petiolule, apiculate to bluntish acuminate, charta- ceous, usually glossy; flowers white, rather conspicuous, almost sessile, forming short sessile or almost sessile rusty-tomentose petals Seis Seales 8% recurved, ieoutly 3 lin. long, very designs ; filaments filiform, elongate ; anthers oblong, blunt, the cells paral- lel ; ovary stalked or sessile ; “gra globular, the size of a small pea, smooth, crimson, succu en Has.—Common in the eagg ee of the Andamans.—Fl. Feb.-March; Fr. hie s ay.—s.—SS.=Sis., 3. G. trifoliata, Spreng.—A large evergreen shrub, growing out into a small 12-15 ft. high tree with a stem 4-8 ft. long by 1. 14 ft. girth, all parts glabrous ; bark greyish-brown ; leaves un- paired-pinnate, on a shorter or longer petiole, glabrous, dark-green and glossy ; leaflets in 2-1 pair with an odd one, rarely solitary, elliptically to ovate-lanceolate, acute at base, shortly petioluled, 1 lin, uke. filaments flat, from a road base comune aeeeed upwards ; — ze gland- tipped ; ovary sessile, ovoid- oblong, e of a oo i apt aay lucid, sappy, | 1-2-seeded. Var. 1, trifoliata proper; leaves drying green; panicles or eymes shorter, more or less rusty or tawny tomentose ; ovary glab- rous or tawny pubescent. Var. 2, fuscescens; leaves fuscescent in drying ; panicles larger and more ‘compound, quite glabrous. Has.—Var. 2—Frequent in the ‘open forest all pea Burma from pan Gitagong an Tk ee. Tey ee Mag, Meee, Shia ck yellowish-white, turning brownish, heavy, close-grained, of 186 RUTACER. —— [ Micromelum. 4. ~ erg Corr. ; Brand. For. Fl. 49; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 43, t. 6.—A meagre evergreen shrub, 2- 4 ft. high or higher. and ss growing out in a small tree, ‘the very young shoots rusty-villous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, or occasionally 3-1-foliolate, glabrous, the rachis sharply bordered or almost terete ; leaflets more or less alternate, in 3 to 1 pairs with an odd one or Solitary, from. ovate-lanceolate and oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, very shortly petioluled, bluntish acuminate to i 3-5 in. long, obscurely crenate or entire, glaucous green ; flowers rather small, white, almost sessile, forming stiff rather ‘rig? almost gla- brous panicles in the axils of the leaves, the peduncle longer or es usually more or less compressed ; calyx about $ lin. long ; lin. long ; filaments thick, flat, elongate-linear-pentagon ; ; aroha with a terminal black (in a fresh state yellowish) gland ; ovary ovoid-globular, with a short thick style ; anthers gland-tipped; berries the size of a pea, globose, by abortion usually 1- or 2-seeded, watery fleshy-coloured, bith Haz.—Frequent all over Burma, in the mixed and evergreen forests, and more copecially 3 in the shade of village bushes and in bamboo jungles.—Fl, CS.; Fr, H.S.—s.-+1.—8S.= MICROMELUM, Bl. Calyx entire or pas 5-toothed or -lobed. Petals 5, valvate or almost imbricate. Stamens 10, free, alternately shorter. Torus ineonspl- cuous, stalk-like ; ma 5- (rarely 2-6-) celled, with 2 superpo ovules in each cell ; style deciduous, constricted at base. Berry 1-2- seeds membranous.—Unarmed small trees oF shrubs, with alternate unpaired-pinnate leaves. Flowers small im terminal corymb-like panicles. ee petals 2§ lin. — young berries — stalked A little ree shrub; ovary densely tawn hirsute ng berrie oe sessile or nearly so, fares : : you 8 mM irsutum. 1. M. pu BL; Te. Ind. Fl, i. 501; Bedd. Sylv: Madr. 43, ‘es 7,£. 1.—Ta-nyeng-hpo.—An evergreen tree (25—30 +16—12 ), all younger parts more or less densely fueron’: k side a line thick, whitish, somewhat roughish ; cut — loured 5. leaves unequally pinnate, puberulous or glabrous, Pog . long, the rachis usually more or less puberulous; leaflets in 3-7 pairs with an odd one, oe or nearly so, oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, o bligae at base, shortly petioluled, 5-7 in. long, acumi- nate, usually so ewhat waved, entire or nearly $0 ; flowers middling- sized, _— on. short pedicels, forming terminal divaricate oF crowded le tawny appressed-pubescent corymb-like panicles ; ge obsoletely , pubescent ; petals about 2} ; berries seated on the short ‘ait uke : Pec pubescent bi Clausena. } RUTACER. 1 87 torus, ovoid-oblong, also when young glabrous, gland-dotted, yel- low, turning dull orange-red, terminated by the style scar. June-+s.—SS.—=Metam. SiS. ete. EERE NERS Wood rather heavy, close-grained, white, turning yellowish, soft fibrous, 2. M. hirsutum, Oliv.; H.f. I often simple-stemmed shrub, about 2-3 ft. high, rarely higher, all 4B.—Very frequent in the drier upper-mixed forest and the dry and low forests, all over Burma from Ava and egu down to Tenasserim.—F], March- Apr.; Fr. Begin. of R. S.—SS.—Metam., SiS., CaS. Lat., ete ; Calyx 4-5-lobed or-parted. Petals as many, slightly each X Panicles terminal, Ova brous. : Softly Villous ; Teiets 5; flowers 4-merous a . ; 2 macrophylla. Inflorescence and leaves glabrous ; petiole and rachis te: r Nearly so; leafiets usually 7 (5-9), not or hardly oblique. . C. heptaphylla, Inflorescence and leaves glabrous; rachis winged ; leaflets 13-17, Ce Oblique . : E : ; sons - C. Wallichii. Ovary more or less hirsute or pubescent. All soe wa the inflorescence, more or less shortly hirsute or ee 3 rachis terete ; leaflets 15-30, oblique ; flowers 4-merous > a . . tices ee . - C. excavata, Inflorescence and the muricate petioles densely and shortly tawny tomentose; leaflets 5-9; young berries densely fas- : Cicled-tomentose ; flo’ ampi. 1 wers 5- ee ; ; ; X X Panicles raceme-like, axillary ; all parts pubescent ; : ovary glabrous. : : eon.’ F . C. suffruticosa. - 188 RUTACER. [ Clausena. mature berries oblong, obsoletely 4-angular at the truncate apex. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. 2. C. heptaphylla, W.A.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 504.—Pyin-daw-thein. —A large shrub, the younger parts usually slightly puberulous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the petiole and rachis terete, glabrous or minutely puberulous ; leaflets alternate, in 3-4 (rarely 2) pairs with an odd one, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly petioluled, not or slightly oblique at the uneq ase, bluntish acuminate, 3-4 in. long, obso- letely repand-toothed or almost entire, covered with minute gland- dots, glabrous, the nerves beneath sometimes minutely puberulous ; flowers very small, white or greenish-white, very shortly pediceled, forming terminal di-tri-chotomously branched glabrous panicles; petals about a line long; ovary glabrous, with a very short thick style ; berries elliptical, — 4 in. long, usually 1- or 2-seeded, red, glabrous, vesicular-dot Has.—Chittagong,—Fl. H. 8.; Fr. R. 8. shrub, the very young shoots slightly pubescent, all parts emitting w strong anisate odour; leaves unpai i I um crenate-serrate, glabrous, or slightly pubescent on the nerves ; flowers small, yellow, on an in. long minutely puberulous pedicels, forming terminal panicles; petals about a line long; ovary gle or sprinkled with a few hairs, shortly stalked, the style short and rather thin ; berries the size of a pea, ovoid, 1-2-seeded, glabrous, vesicular-dotted. | : _ Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah _ (Khaboung choung) ; Tenasserim, Moulmein District; also Chittagong—Fl. — ‘March; Fr. Apr.—s.—SS.=SiS. etc. = 4. C. excavata, Burm.; Hook. Ind. Fi. i. 504.—An evergreen + shrub, rarely growing out into a little tree of 10 to 15 ft. high, Clausena. | RUTACER. 189 all softer parts more or less pubescent or puberulous; leaves un- oh a with a shortly pubescent or puberulous terete rachis ; eaflets in 7-15 pairs with an odd one, alternate, on short hirsute petiolules, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, oblique, acuminate or the lower ones more or less blunt, obsoletely toothed or waved, more or less pubescent especially beneath, or sometimes glabrescent ve, 14-3, rare in. long ; flowers small, greenish-yellow, on short but slender pedicels, usually hirsute outside, forming termi- nal wv hirsute or puberulous panicles usually shorter than the leaves; petals nearly 2 lin. long; ovary tawny hirsute, almost ses- iis, ‘the style short and thick; berries ovoid or oblong, the size of a pea, at least while young sparingly pilose, dotted, 1-2-seeded, crowned usually with the short style. Has uent all over Burma and adjacent provinces in the tropical and shisher mized amis from the raed oP = 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. June-Jul. —SS.=SiS. Metam 5. C. Wes ampi, Blanco. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 505.—A small evergreen tree, the young shoots scabrously puberulous ; leaves unpaired- pinnate, the petiole and rachis terete, more or less puberulous and sprinkled with minute tubercles ; leaflets in 2-4 pairs with an odd one, on short but rather slender petiolules, alternate, ovate or ovate- ceolate, more or less blunt, almost entire or obscurely serrulate, when full grown almost glabrous, but scabrous and sprinkled with minute tubercles along the principal nerves beneath; flowers small, white, on very short tomentose pedicels, forming terminal roughish and shortly tawny tomentose panicles of the length of Fes leaves or somewhat shorter ; petals about 2 lin. long ; ovary hirsute, the style short and thick; berries while unripe javered with a short tawny fascicled tomentum, finally baralics, the size and shape of a gooseberry, edible, 5- or by abortion fewer-seeded. “= ——Only cultivated in gardens of Chittagong.—Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. 6. C. suffruticosa, W.A.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 506—A low ee stemmed shrub or rather undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high or higher, all or nea 2 so, the lowes ones conbatsatwn: e and smaller, the ethers ovate-oblong to oblong, acuminate, aroctly petioluled, entire, 3-32 i In. long ; flowers small, greenish-white, on rather long slender the Sica: the leaves or above the scars of = fallen ones and 190 RUTACER. [ Murraya. glabrous ; berries oblong shinee nearly an in. long, one-seeded, — succulent —Chittagong; a small variety of it not unfrequent in the low, especiall the Tis, and in the dry forests of the Prome District.—Fl. March; Fr. R.S.—. —SS.—= Aren.,; Lat., CaS. MURRAYA, L. Calyx more or less 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 10, — alternately shorter ; 3 the filaments linear-subulate ; anthers aah vell; darioed ina long but auviduons style. e by abor- alternate leaves. Flowers rather large or small, solitary or in terminal or axillary corymbs or cymes. Leaflets 3 to 8; petals nearly 4 in. long; seeds villou : . WW. exotica. Leaflets 1 10 to 20; 3 petals*about 2 lin. long; seeds siete ; . M. Kenigii. _ 1. M. exotica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 502; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 44; Brand. For. Fl. 48.—An evergreen tree (15—25 + 6—8 + 13- 2), the young shoots puberulous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate or occasionally pinnately 3-foliolate, glossy, glabrous, or sometimes the rachis — puberulous ; leaflets alt ternate, cuneate-obovate or almost obliquely rhomboid, shortly petioluled, blunt or bluntish acuminate, 1- “1s = long, coriaceous’; flowers rather large, white, in dense small almost sessile terminal corymbs ; petals ahout 4-3 2 in. long, rec’ stamens 10, alternately shorter; ovary 2-celled, the style long with a capitate glandular stigma ; berries ovoid-oblong, bluntish acumi- = nearly 4 in. long, “orange-coloured, 1-2-seeded ; seeds villous. 48.—Common in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban ada Tenasserim; also on the Andamans.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. May-June.—s-— Eee Metam., ete, Ks.—Furnishes the Burmese box-wood, which is white, heavy, and Resin ap used for handles. ii fie sons ; H£. Ind. _ i _— Bedd. Sylv. d. tree t: 7, ran or. Fl. —An evergreen Geeaee aeies be 14), ~—_— or slightly eehinaioes ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis usually more or Jess pubescent, rarely quite glabrous ; leaflets in 5-10 pairs atk: ae odd one, on a sho: puberulous petiolule, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, almost faleate, oblique at base, about 1-14 in. long, acuminate, more or less ser- ee membranous, glabrous, except on the midrib, which is en : berulous ; flowers small, white, — corpo Luvunga. | RUTACER, 191 nately shorter ; ovary 2 celled, the style short and thick ; betries oblong, somewhat acute, the size of a small pea, 1- Q-seeded, bluish-black. Has.—Rather frequent along choungs in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah ; also in Chittagong. —Fl. March.—s.—SS8.=Si8. 3. M. elongata, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl.i. 503.—A shrub or tree(?), the bark pale-yellow ; leaves pinnately Fé 6- cape Balas: the petiole with rachis 3 in. long, angular ; leaflets 4-5 in. long, ovate or elliptically lanceolate, bluntish and notchadly dnidnte -acumi- nate, coriaceous, pale bright-brown in a dried state; berries % in. long, narrowly ellipsoid. (From Hooker’s Fl. Ind.) Has.—Ava. LUVUNGA, Ham. Calyx cupular, almost entire or 4-6-lobed. Petals 4 or r 5, im- bricate. Stamens 8-10, equal or nearly so, free or united at base ; anthers linear or “iiteat blog: Disk raised, annular or eupular. Ovary 2-4-celled, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell ; style conti- nuous, rather thick, deciduous ; the stigma capitate. Berry 1-3- ed, with a thick leathery skin. Testa — seeds membranous.— hL. seine ens, Ham.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 509 ai powerful scan- dent shrub, armed with axillary an strong sharp and more or less reeurved thorn all parts glabrous ; leaves 3-foliolate, long- petioled, blabhotis © leaflets ares gg or blo ne -lanceolate, shortly ioluled, more or less acum coriaceous, 3-10 in. inate ong ; flowers conspicuous, white, shoe "pallcdlol forming glab- Tous cymose racemes in the axils of the leaves and above the Scars of the fallen ones; petals about 5-6 lin. lon ng ; filaments ie: ne ae “Chittagong —F. H.S.; Fr. Oct.-Sept. TRIPHASIA, ja Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 3, imbricate. — 6, free ; filaments dilated at the base ; anthers linear. Disk fleshy, set or stalk-like. Ovary 3-celled, with a ate or shen in each cell, tion 1-2-seeded. Testa of seeds coriaceous.—A ‘dior sesh with a 3-foliolate leaves. Flowers small, axillary, solitary or shottly eymose. | 192 RUTACES. [ Limonia. 1. T. trifoliata, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 507.—A glabrous ever- green shrub, about 5-6 ft. ‘high, armed with sharp thin spines, one at each side of the petiole - on the branchlets; leaves small, ona hardly 2 lin. long petiole, 3- or occasionally 1-2-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, very shortly petioluled, notched, crenate-tooth- ed, membranous, 4-1 in. long, glabrous, conspicuously dot flowers middling-sized, white, fragrant, solitary or in short cymes in the axils of the leaves ; petals. about 5 lin. one 5 3 berries the size of a pea, globular or depressed globular, ea a n. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently only cultivated.—Fl. Fr. LIMONIA, L. Calyx 5-lobed or parted. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Disk annular or stalk-like. Stamens 8 to 10, free ; the filaments subulate ; anthers cordate or linear-oblong. Ovary 4-5-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; style rather short and thick, deciduous. Berry globose, 1-4-seeded. Seed enveloped in pulp. —Small trees or shrubs, often spiny, with alternate unpaired-pinnate —— the rachis more or less winged. Flowers in fascicles or racem Spiny little tree ; leaflets opposite ; ——— puberulou ole ——— Unarmed slender shrub ; leaflets alternate ; inflorescence pe So L. alternans, 1. L. acidissima, L.; H.f. “Tad. Fl. i. 507 ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 45,t. 7, £.3; Brand. For. Fl. 47.—Zh ce-haya-za. cee little tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, armed with sharp prickles at both sides of the peti- oles, the younger parts more or less puberulous; leaves unpaired- pinnate, the rachis broadly leafy-winged ; leaflets in 2-4 pairs with an odd one, opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, almost sessile, ibtchod or blunt, glabrous or along the nerves on both sides or rarely the whole under-surface puberulous, conspicuously pellucid-dotted flowers rather small, white, in short koaely. solitary or paired) sometimes leafy racemes or poor lax cymes arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; petals 4, elliptically CELE. about 24 lin. long ; stamens 8 ; ovary "4-celled, ‘the style rather long and thick ; berries globular, the size of a small pea, 1-4-seeded, bluish-black. Has.—Ava, apparently frequent ; also in Prome District.—Fl. H.S. ; Fr.B.S. 2. L. alternans, Wall ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 508.—A slender = or rarely branched "unarmed shrub, shedding leaves in HS., 2-4 ft. high, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the ‘saahis ed oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, almost sessile, oblique, acuminate, 1-1} in. long, crenate, glabrous, pellucid-dotted ; flowers 5-merous, appearing with the young leaves, small, white, forming short glab- rous shortly peduncled or almost sessile ¢ cymes on short axillary branchlets and axillary ; calyx-lobes Devens live acute, 4 lin. ? apiculate, 2 24-3 in. long, sparing oe flowers large, usually sollekey; tain B12 lin. cae cans ae es a Paramignya. | RUTACER. 193 long; petals 3 lin. long, rather acute; stamens 10, alternately shorter ; ovary obovate, smooth, 2-celled, the torus elongatin. ing after flowering ; berries ovoid, shortly stalked, about 2 lin. long, smooth. Has.—Not unfrequent in the upper mixed and occasionally in the moist a of the Pegu Yomah, sporadical but usually gregarious. —Fl, May.—l.— PARAMIGNYA, Wight. Calyx cupular or small, 3-5-lobed or -toothed. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or rarely induplicate-valved. Stamens 8-10, rarely more, free ; filaments linear ; anthers linear-oblong to oblong. Disk thick and stalk-like. Ovary 3-5-celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell ; style often elongate, deciduous. Berry with a thick leathery skin, 1-5-celled and-seeded. Testa of seeds usually membranous. Armed or unarmed trees or shrubs, often scandent, with simple entire leaves. Flowers middling-sized or small, axillary, solitary, clustered. or in racemes or short panicles. * on about 8 lin. long. Calyx — cupular, broadly te; calyx a little cal than the calyx - P, monophylla. Style short; calyx and the Watlocls glabrous, the latter 1 in. or thereabouts ma . P. grandiflora, * gomns an i Tin Jong. Calyx small, with acute lobes. Young soot more or less he as ae style short, hirsute or é ra og Griffiths. @labrous ; 3 pe very short, tike the ovary glabrous oo ep « &. cibrifola. © Berries 3-4 Erect tree, the spines 1-13 in. = igs ‘straight; calyx glabrous —.«.-xP, angulata. 1. P. monophylla, Wight ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 510.—A scandent ever- green shrub, usually armed with 8 to 10 lin. long axillary recurved spines ; leaves elliptically oblong, oval or oblong, usually shortly acuminate, sometimes rounded or blunt, entire or obscurely crenate, glabrous or beneath on the midrib pubescen nt, 24-4 in in. long ; flowers cote —Tenasserim, at 5,000 ft. elevation (according to Oliver). 2. P. grandiflora, Oliv.; Hf. Ind. Fl.i. 510.—A small tree, armed aie very short almost straight spines or nearly unarmed, the softer puberulous ; leaves ovate-oblong to elliptically oblong, on a us rather slender a petiole « 3 to 8 Jin. long, | bluntish 194 = RUTACES. : _ [ Atlantia, axillary; calyx epee the lobes broad and rounded, ciliate; petals obovate-oblong, about 8 lin. long or longer ; stamens 10 ; the filaments free and villous ; eee 5-celled, the style very long, villous towards the base. Has.—Tenasserim.—F. Aug. . P. Griffithii, Hf. Ind. F1.i.510.—An evergreen large scandent ni armed with sharp somewhat curved spines, the younger parts pubescent or puberulous; leaves oblong to elliptical, abruptly and bluntish acuminate to apiculate, on a slender puberulous or glabrous petiole 2-4 lin. long, 3-5 in. long, chartaceous or thin coriaceous, glabrous or while young puberulous beneath ; flowers rather sm white, on short puberulous pedicels, by 1/3 in the axils of the leaves ; calyx small, puberulous, 5-toothed; petals about 3-4 lin. ong ; ovary and the on eg pubescent ; berries ovate, peri the size of a cherry, tere Has.—Ava and Pegu. P. citrifolia, H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 510. ~ much-branched rigid sean shrub, well armed with short’ curved spines, all part glabrous ; leaves elliptical to elliptically otic 4-5 in. long, shortly petioled, bluntish acuminate, glabrous; flowers small, white, on 2-3 lin. long puberulous or glabrous pedicels, solitary or forming poor clusters in the axils of the leaves ; calyx shortly 5-toothed ; petals oblong, about 3-4 lin, long ; stamens 10, the filaments free, glabrous; ; ovary glabrous, tapering in a short glabrous style; berries ovoid, as large as a lime, yellow, containing 1-4 oblong see “4 - re ad —In adhe tropical forests of the Andamans; also i in et aaa se one: , 5. P. angulata, longispina, H£. Ind, Fi. i. 511).—A small rigid tree, Ss all ssa with 4-14 in. long sharp cylindrical — thorns arising on each side of the petioles, all parts glabrous ; leaves een to elliptically oblong, on a glabrous patiote 2-3 lin. ny 3 acute or blunt, 3-4 in. long, glabrous, coriaceous; flowers s a white, fragrant, on very short, pre iatitc pedicels, solitary or by 2-3 | in the axils of the leaves ; calyx small, 5-toothed, glabrous; berries ovate, the size of a plum, 3-5-lobed- angular, acuminate, glabrous, =| seated on the very short torus. Has.—In the tidal and |: mangroye forests of Lower Pegu and Upper Temasse- rim.—Fr. Apr.-May.—SS. Remarxs.—Wood ahi “lind grained. ATLANTIA, Corr. | Cal, es iA-S-loped or -parted, or prenlely splitting, Petals 3-5, adnate to the ‘stamens and united with them in into a tube, _ Citrus. | RUTACER. 195 n cymes or racemes. X Calyx irregularly lobed, split to the base on one side. Berries the size of a large pea or small cherry , ° . - A. monophylla. Berries the size of a wood-a ple . . 2 4 ‘ . A. macrophylia. yx regularly 4-lobed ; flowers in short racemes . . caudata. _ rather small, white, on about an in. long, slender, usually puberulous but soon glabrescent pedicels, forming short racemes or cymes in the axils of the leaves ; calyx deeply 2-3-cleft, the lobes entire and some- what scarious, or one of them again 2-lobed, glabrous or sparingly puberulous ; petals about 4-5 lin. long; stamens usually 10, the broad glabrous filaments united in a long tube; anthers cordate- ovate; ovary glabrous, 4- rarely 3- or 5-celled with one or 2 ovules in each cell; berries globose, the size of a bullet, yellowish, glabrous, often 4-seeded. Hap.—Ava.—Fl. Octob.-Nov.; Fr. Febr. SS. = Ca. (?) Remarxs.— Wood heavy, hard, white or yellowish, very fine and close- grained. A sort of box-wood; suitable also for cabinet work and for turning. 2. A macrophylla, Kz.—An evergreen tree, 25-30 ft. high, all parts glabrous, sascak unarmed ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong and almost rhomboid-ovate, on a 2 lin. long petiole, notched, 14-3 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers shortly racemose, axillary, the pedicels in deflorate ones 3 to 8 lin. long, very stiff ; berries globose, the size of a wood-apple, glabrous. . Has.—Frequent in the beach forests of the Andamans; also Tenasserim. Fr. Apr.-May.—1.—SS, = Aren. CITRUS, L. - Calyx cup-shaped or urceolate, 3-5-cleft. Petals 4.8, imbricate. Dincheuk aces _— ; the filaments free or variously united or 196 RUTACER. [ Citrus. polyadelphous ; anthers oblong. Disk large, eup-shaped or annu- lar. Ovary many-c cele; with 4 to 8 biseriate ovules in each cell; membranous, containing sometimes 2 or more embryos. Albumen - none.—Trees or shrubs, usually armed, with 1-foliolate, entire or crenate = the petioles often winged. Flowers small or middling- siz xillary, solitary, or in clusters or short panicles. Berries often ie. - Eke shoots and 1 nerves of the leaves beneath Be nig at owers large . ©. decumana, "9 an ve: ts glabrous. © 8t tyke very short Flowers small ; stamens 4 or 5, free ; petioles poss -like expanded . C. Hystriz. i) Style as tere as the ovary or longe Petals 8-10 lin. long. Leaves acuminate or acute ; berries es globose, without a knob; fila- ments cohering by 3-4 . C. aurantium. Leaves blunt or nearly so ; berries oblong, rarely “globose, with a knob ; the skin usually ‘pouea filaments free or polyadelphous. C. medica. Petals 3-4 lin. long. Calyx small; berries globose, sweet or acid, the skin usually thin . C. nobilis. 1. C. decumana, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 516; Brand. For. Fl. 55. —Shouk-ton-oh._—An evergreen tree (25—30 + 8—15 + 3—4), the branches more or less armed with axillary straight thorns shorter than the petioles, the younger parts all pubescent or puberulous ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 2-4 in. long, blunt or acute, more or less crenate, glabrous except the pubescent midrib beneath, glossy above ; petioles of the lower leaves often short and not winged, the upper ones all jointed and leaf-like winged ; flowers rather oat white, nero short canine or sareage ns racemes ;— Has.— —Froquently culti tivated all over Burma, especially in the southern — provinces.—Fl. Febr.-March ; Fr. Sept.-Nov. bee H DC.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 515.—Shouk-pote. —A onal shrubby ae or much-branched shrub, armed with longer oF shorter stright axillary epee! spines, all parts glabrous ; ileve : oval or ovate, 14-2 rarel ng, u y blunt or retuse, entire or crenate, glabrous ; itil 1-1 Ube often 2-3 in. long, leaflike expended and afta . leape than the blade itself, obversely cordate a simple petiole ; howe See chclieatted. sn 4 or S-merous, small te om very sort glu pies fom form, a An nat a / Citrus. | RUTACER,. ' 197 vate or irregularly globose, the size of a citroon or larger, very uneven and warty, almost juiceless, with a thick yellow skin. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Martaban hills east of Sittang; also on the hills of Upper Tenasserim. Often cultivated in native gardens.—s.—SS.—= Metam ? 8. C. aurantium, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 515; Brand. For. Fi. 53.—An evergreen tree (25—30+8—10 + 3—4), armed with short straight axillary spines, all parts glabrous ; leaves ovate- to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, 23-33 in. long, crenate-toothed or almost entire, glabrous; petiole 4-6 lin. long, narrowly winged; flowers rather large, by 2 or more in the axils of the leaves, white, = ed, with a skin usually easily separable, the cells filled with vesicu- lar sweet, btiter, or acid pulp. Has.—Rarely cultivated in villages.—Fr. C8. 4. C. medica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 514; Brand. For. Fl. 51.— Shouk-ta-kwah.—A large much-branched evergreen shrub or small tree, usually much armed with shorter or longer axillary straight thorns often longer than the petioles, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong er sometimes obovate, blunt or acute, variable in size, but usually 2-4 in. , more or less crenate, glabrous, the petioles very short and slender, not or slightly winged or bordered ; flowers large, white, usually tinged with purple, usually by 2 or rarely by 3 or solitary in the axils of the leaves, on a very short and often quite reduced peduncle ; petals 5, oval-oblong, 8-10 in. long ; stamens about 30-50, the filaments free or polyadelphous ; ey with a long thick style ; _ berries obovoid or oblong, termina yy a knob, with a coarse wrinkled citroon-coloured skin, the vesicular pulp greenish or yellow- ish, acid. ; Has.—Cultivated in villages —Fl. H.S.; Fr. R.S.—SS.=Sis. REMARKSs.—Wood rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, soft, white. 5. Cc. nobilis, £ ALS FI 515).—A small slender pee aon tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, rarely a shrub, more or less armed with very small axillary straight thorns, rous; leaves small, oblong, or elliptically oblong to all ab: oval and sbiosg-tieabeclals, about 2-4 in. long, acute or blunt, more or less erenate, glabrous, the petiole rather short, but slender, very : 198 RUTACER. [ Feronia. narrowly or rarely broadly winged ; flowers small, white, usually solitary, shortly pedicelled ; calyx small ; petals 5, oval-oblong, 3-4 lin. long ; aeaok globular with a thick rather long style; berries rather small, from 1-3 in. in diameter, globose to oblong, with a sweet acid or bitter recs ed pulp, the skin nearly smooth and usually thin, orange-coloure Has.—Very much cultivated ae over Burma.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. R. s. RemarKs.—Wood heavy, yellow, of an unequal coarse fibre, but close-grained, rather hard. FERONIA, Corr. Flowers by spon polygamous. Calyx deciduous, 5-toothed. Petals 5 (rarely 4 or 6), imbricate. Stamens 10-12, some of them usually as ghee Ae dilated at base ; anthers linear-oblong. Torus short. Ovary 5-6-celled, finally 1 -celled, w ovules in several rows sate the parietal placentas. Berry globose, with a woody rind, l-celled, many-seeded. Seeds immersed in a flesh edible pulp. —Armed trees with unpaired-pinnate leaves, Flowers ms y racemose or panicled, ee —o” Corr.; Hf. Ind. Fl, i. 516; Bedd. Sylv. Mair. 121; Brand. For. Fl. 56.—Mahan.—A leaf-shedding tree (25—30+8—10 +2—8), armed with short straight infra-axillary spines, all parts glabrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis slight- ly or almost not winged ; leaflets in 2 or 3 pairs with an odd one, nearly sessile, obovate, sometimes cuneate at base, blunt or — about 1-1} in. long, obscurely crenate or almost entire, coriac glabrous, glossy above; flowers small, ereenish-white, on slenden pedicels, forming short terminal or axillary lax racemes or poor panicles ; petals about 3-4 lin. ie stamens usually 10, unequal ; parr elbow, about 13-2 in diameter, énecollnd, the numerous mersed in a “aie pidiae pulp. Has. ee sila dry forests (?)—Fl, March-Apr.; Fr. Octob—1. Remazks.—Wood yellowish-white, rather heavy, rather fibrous, but. _— re comes taken’ fine poliak: Yie is dsp Takis es oO Lac is m it, ZEGLE, Corr. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed, deciduous. Petals icate. Aigle. | SIMARUBER. 199 1, A. marmelos, Corr. wits f. Ind. Fl. i. 516; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 141; Brand. For. Fl. 57. ———_ or ok-shit-—A leaf- shedding tree (30—40 4+10—15 +3—4),armed with axillary strong paired or sometimes solitary spines, rarely waite TEE the younger parts slightly puberulous ; bark greyish, about $ in. thick, rather smooth, finally peeling off in small irregular corky dakees leaves 3- foliolate, the rachis terete ; leaflets oblong, boondly lanceolate; acute or bluntish acuminate, er renulate, soon quite glabrous, the lateral ones smaller and shortly petioluled or almost sessile, the terminal one much larger and on a rather long naeboeds flowers rather large, white, on slender pedicels, forming lax poor terminal or late puberulo ous aaa calyx pubescent ; eae about 4-5 lin. long ;. berries woody, as arge as an’ apple, almost globose, prenee or. slightly an Se 10-15-celled, each cell containing 6- 10 oblong woolly seeds imbedded in a tenacious slimy edible pulp. Has.—Much cultivated, especially i in the Prome district, and said to occur ~ also wild in the forests.—F. May; Fr. -Nov.—l. Remarxs.—Wood light- paves usually uniformly yellowish-white, or variegated with veins, heavy, very clos i eratned, compact, hard and very strong, asl @ beautiful polish. The fruits are much liked by the Burmese and SIMARUBE. Flowers regular, dioecious, or polygamous, prey hermaphrodite Calyx gamosepalous, or 3-5-se alled. Petals 3 5, hypoxynons 0 pa mens as many or twice as many ; anthers versatile, the cells ae: ing by longitudinal slits. Disk under or round the ovary, various, rarely wanting. Ovary of 3-5, rarely more or fewer, carpels either quite distinct or more or less united into a lobed or rarely entire ovary, with a solitary or rarely 2 ovules in each cell ; styles as many as carpels, free or united at the base or with their stigmas only. Fruiting carpels ee distinct, dry or drupaceous and usually inde- ~ hiscent, or united in an. entire or lobed drupe or capsule. Seeds pendulous, the testa pan Sat Albumen abundant, little. or no : : y : Ty panicles or racem _ All species aor i Sas y bitter. The seeds of the central American cedron tree (Simaba. cedron) pte Benen antido against snake-bite. The following are all the B urmese species af this order known to me. + base connate. se © Seton Ess an ang a ea ay Oe Leaves pinnate Pei tani iie otraccykn \ « dilentpey 200 SIMARUBE. [ Samadera. &) G) sans “ ew as petals, Leaves pinnate. is te Disk thick ; a rete panicled ein . Pierasma, Disk 4- lobed ; pemere gelees us ; flowers racemes . - Brucea. oy ; flowers in eae ‘ : ; . Hurycoma, * * Ovary entire oc shen! 2-5 Filament = ‘basal 2-cleft mats 3; ‘leaves 1-3-foliolate or z ‘ . . Harrisonia. Filename secihisiog scale ; leaves 2-foliolate ¥ : . . . Balanites. SAMADERA, Gaertn. Flowers ee ee Calyx 3-5-parted, glandular outside at the base, imbrie Petals 3-5, contorted in bud. Disk la inverted-conical. ‘Stanete 6-10, included, furnished at base with a short scale. Ovary consisting of 4-5 free lobes, each with a solitary suspended ovule; styles united. Drupes 1-5, large, dry, keel-winged. Testa of seeds membranous.---Evergreen trees with simple entire leaves. Flowers rather large, in poor umbe - S, Indica, Gaertn.—H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 519; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 49.—Kathai.— A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to elliptically oblong, 8-10 in. long, acute at base rather short petiole, bluntish acuminate, quite entire, coriaceous, — glossy and prominently laxly net-veined on both sides; flowers rather large, yellowish, forming poor terminal glabrous one pe umbels ; calyx very short, Huntish 4-toothed ; petals 4, about an in. long, oblong, blunt, “puberulous ; stamens 8; ovary 4-lobed ; drupes usually solitary, about 2 in. long, glossy, obliquely obovoid, eel-winged, the wing thick and obliquely excurrent at the sum- mit. Has.—Upper Tenasserim, tropical forests.—s. Remarxs.—Yields the niepa bark of commerce. AILANTHOS, Desf. ers polygamous. Calyx ee diaper: Petals 5, in- duplicately valvate. Disk 10-lobed. ens 10, in the females none, in the hermaphrodites 2-3, the peer without basal scale. Ovary 2-5 parted (in the males rudimentary), with a snes ovule in each cell; styles connate; stigmas feathery. Samaras 1-5, winged all round, chartaceous, l1-seeded. Albumen ane trees, with as leaves. Flowers small, in terminal panicles. = H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 518; Bedd. Fl. Sylv., in a HS. the leaf-buds mtose ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, — - ‘long sips ee oblique at base, — , chartaceous ,glabrous; | Picrasma, | SIMARUBER. 201 flowers small, on 2 lin. long tawny puberulous pedicels, racemulose, forming fugaceously puberulous rather large terminal panicles ; petals nearly 2 lin. long; samaras 14-2 in. long, oblong, blunt at th ends, veined, brown, 1-seeded in centre. Has.—Rather rare in weg tropical forests of the Khaboung choung, eastern slopes of Pegu Yomah.— Sid. Remarxs.— Wood — white, said to be icine sibiie: a reddish gum. PICRASMA, Bl. Flowers dioecious. Calyx minute, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, ey enlarging in the females, valvate. Stamens in males as any as petals, inserted round the thick disk, in the females often rove eg the filaments without basal scale. Ovary of 3-5 distinct lobes, raised on the fleshy disk, with a single ovule in each lobe. upes 1-3, small, containing a crustaceous or coriaceous 1-seeded nut. Albumen fleshy. —Evergreen trees, bite se leaves. Flowers small, 2 ae eymose, in axillary pani l. P. Jav. BL; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 520. ae evergreen tree (40 —50+ 1025-442. 5), all parts glabrous; leaves unpaired-pmnate, 8-9 in. et the rachis furnished at base with small rotundate © alate, 4-5 in. pase , entire, membranous, beneath silky shining, calyx 4-cleft, the the ribinidaté almost acute; petals 4, oblong, rather acute, glabrous ; drupes usually by oy or fewer, 'ateatae raised on the flat and "thick torus, white, smooth. Haz.—Frequent in the tropical forests from Martaban tee to a and the the Andamans ; rare in those of the Pegu Yomah.—Fl. March ; Fr. Begin. £ —SS.—=Metam., &e., SiS. (?) Baan ARKS. re ge altos amianth-like fibrous, rather light, close- BRUCEA, Mill. __ Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-cleft, stp Seer 4, minute, _Imbricate. Stamens 4, rudimentary in the males; the filamen red. nut. Testa of seed membranous. Albumen copious.— _ Shrubs or trees, with — leaves. Flowers minute, in little cymes forming axillary racemes 2 ‘2. 8 at: - Leailets quite entre; stent ee ao ist 5 i ellag ae 202 SIMARUBEZ. [| Hurycoma, 1. B. Sumatrana, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 521.—A large evergreen shrub, all younger parts so oftly pubescent ; leaves 1-1} ft. long or longer, unpaired-pinnate; leaflets in 2-3 pairs with an odd one, obtuse and often somewhat oblique at base, ovate-lanceolate, on a short but slender petiolule, 2-24 in. long, acuminate, a crenate- toothed, densely pubescent or villous, especially beneath ; flowers minute, purple, in little cymes or clusters and Seat an jntersapiel tomentose racemes in the axils of the leaves as long or shorter than them ; drupes the size of a small pea, glabrous. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. B. mollis, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 521.—A small simple- stemmed cirab, vii younger parts melee or pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the petiole and rachis terete, puberulous and glabrescent ; leaflets in 4-6 pairs with an odd one; ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, on a 2-3 lin. long pubescent petiolule, acuminate, quite entire, membranous, above sparingly, beneath more densely pubescent, or (except the pubescent nerves) almost glabrous, 2-3 in. long; flowers minute, green, on slender about a line long pubes- cent pedicels, forming puberulous or pubescent simple slender racemes in the axils of the leaves and much shorter than them; petals lanceolate, ciliate towards the base; disk green, larger than the sparingly tawny hispid glabrescent ovary 5 wtvles broadly linear, deflexed ; Ng s solitary or by 2, rarely 3, ovate, the size of a large pea or lar Has at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s.—8S.= EURYCOMA, Jack. —In the drier and damp hill-forests of merle hae bak ad ‘Tenaseerimg = + eT en = es: ger MP. Seer ee eI copie pee ate ase ee Ee ety pet take he aes Flowers polygamous. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed, bao d . Petals 5, induplicate-valvate. Disk none. Stamens 5, almos tral in the males, hypogynous i in the females; the amavis base appendaged at each side. Ovary deeply 5-parted, the 1-0 lobes free and sessile; styles united. Drupes 3-5, stalked, beaked, crustaceous, dry, when fully ripe tardily dehiscing “along the inner ay ) angle, Albumen none.—Trees or shrubs, with mend ee leaves, Flowers 1 mm ae thd terminsl ane Harrisonia. ] SIMARUBER. 203 flowers about 2 lin. long, slenderly pedicelled, brownish blood-red, forming densely rusty-glandular axillary panicles at the end of the branches and much shorter than the leaves ; calyx glandular-pubes- cent; petals lanceolate, shortly tomentose or velvety; filaments subulate, scarlet, whitish pilose, at base furnished with 2 oblong yellow sessile glands ; ovary-carpels pilose. Has.—Lower Tenasserim, in forests; also Andamans.—Fl. Nov. HARRISONIA, R. Br. free at base, Drupes globular, containing 2-5 perforated 1-seeded uts. Albumen scanty.—Shrubs or trees, usually prickly armed, _ with 1-3-foliolate or pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary cymes. Haz.—Very frequent in the dry forests of the Prome District ; also in Mar- taban, Sainnions 2,000 ft.—Fl. Apr.—l.—SS.—Ca8S., Ca. BALANITES, Del. Sepals 5, deciduous, imbricate with their margins. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 10; the filaments without basal scales. Disk each cell; style short, subulate. Drupe fleshy, oily, containing a bony Banister 1 oes nut. Albumen none.—Shrubs or little trees, spiny armed, with 2-foliolate leaves. Flowers small, cymose. 204 OCHNACER. [ Ochna. 1. B, Roxburghii, Planch ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 522; Brand. For. Fl. 59.—A leaf-shedding small tree or large shrub, all softer parts shortly greyish pubescent, armed with large straight very sharp solitary spines frequently bearing leaves and flowers, the trunk much crooked, ash-coloured ; leaves 2-foliolate, on a very short petiole; leaflets 1-14 in. long, ‘shortly petioluled, from oval to oblong, acute at base, blunt, while young shortly tomentose ; flowers rather small, greenish-white, shortly pedicelled, forming rather long- peduncled tomentose cymes ; —_ and petals inside tomentose ; drupes as large as a pullet’s egg, 5-grooved, with a smooth light-grey dry epicarp, the hard one-seeded nut imbedded in the exceedingly bitter, soap- like, offensively smelling pulp. Has.—In the dry forests of Prome and Ava.—Fl. Apr.—l. OCHNACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4-5, free, usually scarious, im- bricate. Petals 5, rarely 4-10, free, decidu uous, almost sessile or clawed, imbricate or convolute. Torus never Senate or glandular, enlarged under the fruit. Stamens 4-10 or many, equal or unequal, one-sided or declinate ; filaments persistent ; ie linear, basifix, =| dehiscing longitudinally or by terminal pores. Ovary centralor excentrical, 1-10-celled, terete or lobed, with 1 or 2 rarely more ovules in each cell, the placentas various; style simple, or rarely — 2-10-cleft at summit. Fruit either consisting of 3 to 10 one-seeded — drupes seated on the enlarged torus, or 2-4-lobed, 1-4-seeded, indehiscent, or berry-like, or septicidally capsular, coriaceous OF — woody. umen fleshy or none.—Trees or shrubs, with simple usually serrulate leaves. Stipules present. Flowers showy, often — er yellow, in panicles or fascicled, rarely solitary. ae Bitter principles prevail in this small order. ‘Timber of ee species sh et but small. The five species below are all that known from Burma. Stamens n ; inflorescence — é Behe ei . Ochna. Stamens 10; scorn Be es terminal . : : . Gomphia. OCHNA, Schreb. Sepals 5, persistent, coloured. Petals 5-10, deciduous. Torus thick, lobed or stalk-like raised. Stamens numerous, the filaments filiform. Ovary deeply 3-10-lobed, with a solitary ovule in each lobe. Drupes 3-10, sessile on the enlarged torus. Seeds erect.— ‘Trees or shrubs, with simple serrulate leaves. Stipules axillary, by ‘pairs. Flowers bree. Suds in — panicles or corymbs, mig solitary or fascicled. Ochna. | OCHNACER. 205 _ & Styles free at the summit; fruiting sepals erect-conniving . O. Andamanica. * % Styles united along the whole length. S. Petals usually 7-8; filaments almost 4 times shorter than the anthers ; fruiting sepals erect-conniving é 4 ‘ . O, squarrosa. Petals 5; filaments as long or longer than the anthers; fruiting eflexed - O. Wallichii. t t Dwarf shrubs ; filaments about as long as the anthers ; ruiting sepals erect-connivent. Bractlets linear, conspicuous ; peduncles very long, axillary, 2-3- rarely 1-flowered : 2 : : : ‘ Bractlets none ; peduncle none or very reduced, usually corym- -flowered . 2 . . * - O. fruticulosa. O. pumila. 1. 0. Andamanica, Kz.—A small tree, shedding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, about 4-5 m. long, shortly petioled, acute and mucronate, bristly or minutely serrulate, chartaceous, glossy above; flowers large and showy, bright yellow, appearing with the young leaves, on rather short | but slender afterwards elongating pedicels, jointed with the simple . very short peduncles which arise from the end of the lateral leafless branchlets ; filaments as long or somewhat longer than the anthers ; petals 5, somewhat longer than the sepals, obovate, broadly clawed ; sepals of the fruiting calyx all erect-connivent ; styles all free at € summit and spreading. Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests of = Andamans.—Fl. March; Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.—=SiS. Chloritie rocks, RemarKs.—Wood pale-brown, heavy, close-grained, but irregularly fibrous, hard and somewhat brittle, the sapwood paler-coloured. parts glabrous ; bark greyish-brown, 8-4 lin. thick, rather smooth or slightly wrinkled ; cut reddish, dry; leaves from elliptically oblong to oblong-lanceolate, about 4-5 in. long, shortly petioled, narrowed at ee a a) ee ee) Nek eee eee ae oe # m longer branched peduncles at the end of the longer or shorter : leafless branchlets ; petals about 5, about twice as long as the sepals, longer than the anthers; sepals of the fruiting calyx all reflexed ; styles about an inch long, the stigmas depressed-capitate. | Has.—yV, frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim ; a less so alor the 8 roe southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah.—Fl. March ; __, ¥t Apr-May.—88, = Meta. 8i8., Lat. p. vee REMaRKs.—Wood brown, heavy, close-grained, of a flexuose fibre, brittle. 3. Q. squarrosa, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 523 in part only; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 50, t. 8,f. 3; Brand. For. Fl. 60.—A small a 206 BURSERACER. [ Gomphia. leaf-shedding tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly petioled, blunt or acute, sharply serrulate; flowers rather large, corymbose; petals usually 7 to 8, obovate- -oblong ; filaments almost 4 times shorter than the anthers ; ; styles connate; sepals of the fruiting calyx erect-connivent. : Has.— Brome: Tenasserim (?)—Fl. H.S. a 0. fruticulosa, Kz.—A stunted dwarfy shrub, with strong ieee underground trunk, 1 to 3 ft. high, leafless in H.S., all parts glabrous ; ne usually cuneate-oblong or cuneate-lanceolate, about 4-5 in. long, acuminate to almost bluntish, at base narrow: of into a very short petiole, chartaceous, sharply. serrulate; flowers showy, bright yellow, eppateing along with, or before, the young eaves, on “longer or shorter pedicels, arising either direct from the short lateral branchlets, or usually from short simple or branched peduncles ; petals 5, obovate, clawed; filaments as long as the anthers; style as long or somewhat longer than the sepals, very slender, filiform; stigma minute, truncate; sepals of the fruiting ose connivent. —Frequent in the open forests, especially the eoatcoes all over Pegu mei geet oes —F\. Apr.-May ; Fr. June-July.—l.—SS. = Dil. Arg. GOMPHIA, Schreb. Sepals 5, persistent or a usually coloured. Petals 5, bricate. Doras thick, lobed or stalk-like. Stamens 10, the filaments very short ; anthers eR os by pores. Ovary deeply 5-6- parted, the lobes inserted obliquely on the torus, 1, a solitary ascending ovule in each cell; styles connate. Drapes be: fewer by abortion, sessile on the enlarged torus. Seeds er or shrubs, with simple serrate leaves. Stipules usally ye Flowers yellow or orange-yellow, in terminal panicles 1. G. Sumatrana, Jack.; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 525 ak little ever- n tree, all parts gl shrous ; leaves lanceolate to elliptically oblong, shortly ptioled, acuminate, bluntish serrate, 3-5 in. oak ‘obtuse or acute at chartaceous, pore flowers we sm. om short i forming a poor Aglaia. | MELIACER. 219 sealy panicle in the axils of the leaves of about the length of the petiole or somewhat longer. Has.—In the tropical forests of Chittagong and Arracan,—s.—SS.=SiS, 2. A. paniculata, Kz.—A middling-sized evergreen tree, the young shoots clothed with a dark-brown or coppery scaly down, soon glabrescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, glabrous, the rachis terete, minutely rusty, scaly, and glabrescent; leaflets usually in 2 pairs with an odd one, almost opposite, ovate to ovate-oblong, on a rusty scaly 2-23 lin. long petiolule, bluntish and abruptly acuminate, 4-9 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous and opaque, the end leaflets ternary or pinnately remote; flowers minute, on short tusty-scaly slender pedicels, forming ample rusty-scaly tomentose panicles in the axils of the leaves and as long or somewhat, shorter n them ; calyx rusty-scaly, the lobes broad and blunt; petals 4 a line long, free ; anthers 5; berries unknown, _HaB.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah; Tenas- serim.—F]. March. or coppery lepidote ; leaves large, unpaired-pinnate, 2-24 ft. long the petiole and rachis densely lepidote ; leaflets opposite or nearly so,in 5 to 8 pairs with an odd one, from lanceolate and ovate to elliptically lanceolate, on a short thick petiolule, unequal at base, inate, from } to 14 ft. long, thin coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely silvery lepidote, the lateral nerves strong and numerous ; flowers sessile, minute, forming ample axillary densely lepidote-tomentose panicles ; calyx 5-lobed, densely pubescent; petals 5, elliptically oblong, blunt, glabrous ; inal tube 5-toothed, the teeth blunt; ovary minutely hairy ; berries obovoid, while young lepidote, glabrescent, 1-2-seeded. Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, west of Tounghoo.—s.—Ss.=SiS. 3. A. argentea, Bl.—A small evergreen tree, all parts silvery 4. A. crassinervia, K tree, the shoots probably scaly ; leaves large, unpaired-pinnate ; I rachis terete, minutely rusty puberulous ; leaflets in 4 or more i with an odd one, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, almost. opposite or alternate, on a 2-3 lin. long thick petiolule, 6-10 in. long, acuminate, entire, glabrous above, beneath densely and minutely scaly tomentose, more or less glabrescent, the lateral nerves all el and numerous, very sharply prominent ; flowers minute, on short rusty puberulous pedicels, forming large rusty puberulous panicles in the axils of the leaves, Has.—Tenasserim. 5. A. Griffithii, Kz.—A small evergreen tree, all the younger parts densely rusty pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pimnate ; the rachis 220 © MELIACER. [ Amoora. ] nth minutely stellately velvety, 1-seeded. Has.—Tenasserim. 6. A. oligophylla, Miq.—An evergreen tree, the young shoots -puberulous or almost tomentose; leaves unpaired-pinnate, rarely 2-1-foliolate, the rachis short, puberulous, soon glabrescent ; leaflets in 1 or 2 pairs with an odd one, or reduced to fewer, obovate- oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a rather short thickened glabrous petiolule, acute at base, 3-43 in. long, bluntish acuminate, glabrous, net-veined on both sides ; flowers minute, yellow, on short bu slender glabrous pedicels, forming slightly hairy and a little scaly but soon glabrescent panicles in the axils of the leaves and shorter | re them ; calyx-segments rotundate, blunt, glabrous, obsoletely ciliolate. Has.—Tenasserim, AMOORA, Roxb. Flowers polygamously dioecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 3-5-toothed, usually bracted. Petals 3, imbricate. Staminal tube almost globu- lar, obscurely 6-10-crenate or entire; anthers 6-10, included in the tube. Disk none. Ovary 3-5-celled, with 1 or 2 superposed ovules in each cell; style elongate or none. Capsule coriaceous, 3-5-celled, loculicidally opening in 3 to 5 valves, the valves bearing the septum on the middle. Seeds arillate.—Trees, with unpaired-pinnate leaves. Flowers small, the males in axillary panicles, the females often in axillary spikes or racemes. * Petals 3. Anthers 6-8. -X Flowers sessile, spiked, the male spikes panicled. _ Leaflets shortly acuminate 3 male flowers about 4 lin. in diameter. 4. Rohituha. © Panicles ample, as long to half as long as the leaves. ee Leaflets shortly acuminate, thin coriaceous, the nerves prominent . 4. spectabilis. Leaflets blun i nerves above obsolete . A, cucullata. , th . . (ene) Paniclee sie as long or shorter than the petiole ; panicle very lax, slender, densely scaly A. Zactescens. 3 stamens 10; i . A. dysoz: loides. _ 1. A. Rohituka, WA.; H-f. and Th. Ind. Fl. i. 559; Bedd. Fl. _ Sylv. t. 182; Brand. For. Fl. 69.—Thit-nee—An evergreen tree : Amoora. | MELIACER. 221 petals 3, oval; staminal tube globular, fleshy, entire, the 6 anthers included and almost sessile : ovary 3-celled; capsules globose, about 14-14 in. thick, while - young puberulous, rather fleshy-coriaceous, opening into 3 valves ; . seeds rather large, oblong, completely enclosed in the fleshy scarlet arillus, Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pi Yomah and from Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fr. Apr.-May.—s,—SS. = Metam. SiS. Lat. p. RemaRxKs.—Wood white, turning pale-brown, the heartwood darker coloured, rather heavy, streaked, rather coarse-fibrous, but close-grained, takes a fine polish. O'=80 pd. Adapted for house-building. Seeds yield an oil. 2. A. cucullata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 560.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 55.—Thit-nee.— An evergreen middling-sized tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, glabrous; leaflets in 3 to 4 pairs with an odd one, opposite, shortly petioluled, obliquely ovate- lanceolate, blunt, entire, thin coriaceous ; flowers small, yellow, the males about 2 lin. in diameter, on rather short thick pedicels, forming drooping branched sparingly scaly axillary panicles of about the length of the leaves, the hermaphrodite ones by 3-6 in a short thick axillary spike; petals 3, oval, coneave; staminal tube turbinate, fleshy, slightly 3-toothed at the summit, the 6-8 oblong anthers sessile, included; ovary 3-celled ; capsules nearly globose, obtusely 3-lobed, as large as a middling-sized apple, toughly fleshy- coriaceous, 3-valved ; seeds large, roundish, 3-angular, covered for $ by a fleshy bright orange-coloured arillus. Has.—Forests of Lower Pegu and Tenasserim.—Fl.-Sept.—s, RemarKs.—Wood brown, rather hard and strong, but not heavy. Adapted for house-building. : 222 MELIACES. [ Walsura. _ rather thin coriaceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves numerous, and, like the veins and net-veination, conspicuous on both sides; male almost glabrous; staminal tube urceolate, shortly and bluntish 8-toothed ; anthers usually 8; fruits obovoid, the size of a wood- apple, shortly and stoutly peduncled, minutely ochraceous-tomentose. Has.—Pegu, Rangoon. _ 4. A, lactescens, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—40+10—15 + 3—4), the young shoots covered with pale-coloured scales; bark nearly 2 lin. thick, brown, even, covered with miriute lentils; eut pale coloured, milky ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis — terete, minutely scaly, but soon glabrescent ; leaflets in 3-2 pairs with an odd one, alternate, oblong to lanceolate-oblong, on 2-3 calyx minute, 8-lobed, tawny puberulous ; petals 3, a line long 4 lin. long petiolules, oblique at the acute base, acuminate, charta- | glabrous, concave-rotundate; anthers 6; fruit obovoid-globular, while young scurfy scaly, the size of a cherry. SS Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of Martaban.—s.—SS.—Metam. : ly e much shorter than the petiole ; calyx short, thickly scaly, 5-toothed ; petals 5, hardly a line long, obovate-oblong, glabrous ; staminal tube glabrous; anthers 10; ovary ovoid, pale hirsute; stigma sessile, large, glabrous. Has.—Martaban. WALSURA, Roxb. eee _ Calyx 4-5-cleft, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, free, imbricate oF almost valvate. Staminal tube deeply 8-10-cleft, the lobes linear ok nor, arcleft, or the filaments all free; anthers exserte:- Disk annular, fleshy. Ovary 2 3-celled, immersed in the disk, with * Walsura. | MELIACER, ae 2 ovules in each cell; style short. Berry fleshy or coriaceous, nap hiscent or bivalvar-dehiscing, one-celled and 1-seeded. closed in a fleshy arillus.—Trees, with unpaired-pinnate or 3-1- folio. late leaves. Flowers small, in axil ary and terminal panicles. 13 % Berries indehiscent, usually velvety or tomentose. i O Inflorescence densely ips ent; berries densely to- mentose W, villosa, © O Inflorescence _minntely: puberulous ; : leaves and ves filaments broadly Br tial with ay airs ’ Ww. robusta. = Leaflets uniformly glaucous beneath; filaments linear, de nsely oe pubescent; flowers larger = « . W. hypoleuca. o As former, but pee very thin chartaceous and net-veination very faint . W. oxycarpa, * Berries follicular- dehiscing usually quite glabrous. Leaves an a Sphra quite gla - « « W.trijugar. Leaves beneath and i ly pul abescent W. pubescens. : Wz , Wa.; Hf. Ind. Fl. » Benaleye: bo.—A tree villos (3050 +i 528. +3—4), often remaining stunted, shedding leaves in H.S., the younger parts all densely pubescent ; bark about $ in. thick, blackish h grey, longitudinally fissured; cut red; leaves un- paired pinnate, the young rachis more or less pubescent ; leaflets in 2 pairs with an odd one, obovate-oblong, oblong or ovate-oblong, usually blunt or almost notched, rarely bluntish or shortly acuminate, rounded or orn at base, on a 2 lin. to } an in. long petiolule, entire, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long, above glabrous or slightly pubeseent ane the midrib, "beneath, especially while young, 6: Sea ae ace slight " pu lous ; 3 Ritiers small, roar: be on short tomentose pedicels, Sacks and shortly aaron the lobes broadly abies, acute; petals oblong, pubescent ; filaments flat, entire, very broad towards the base, and here slightly cohering , sparingly pilose ; berries oblong, indehiscent, the size of a small plum, leathery, densely and shortly tawny tomentose Has.—Frequent in and low eae from. Pegu and Martaban a oe Progent FigPe ck FL. March-Apr. ; Fr. ieee ne.—L—SS.= conan -—Wood brown, heavy, coarse, poterte but see res rather hard. nutely greys uberulous lin. va lentils, soon peers, off in asim ee “4-sided Br eek » unpaired-pinnate, the > red ; leaves es quite sprinkled with pale lentuls ; eohets is in 2 pairs with an 224 MELIACER. [ Walsura, one, ovate-oblong and oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a 4-5. lin. (the terminal one on a 1-14 in.) long petiolule, 3-5 in. long, long and bluntish acuminate or cuspidate, rounded or acuminate at base, glabrous, chartaceous, beneath marked with white dots on the areoles between the net-veination; flowers small, white, on very short puberulous pedicels, forming rather long-peduncled- minutely greyish puberulous glabrescent corymbose panicles in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them; calyx shortly pubescent, the lobes oblong, blunt; petals oblong, acute, puberulous ; filaments all free, broad and flat, sprinkled with short hairs; berries elliptical or globular, the size of a cherry, greyish velvety, indehiscent, contain- ing a single seed completely enclosed in the arillus. Has.—tIn the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, ~ rather rare, but frequent in those of Martaban down to Tenasserim and the ] Andamans,—F]. May; Fr. July.—s.—SS.—Metam. Lat. p- SiS. ete. 3. W. hypoleuca, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 564.—An evergreen tree (40—50 + 2 4+ 4-5), the younger shoots minutely puberulous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, quite glabrous, the rachis smooth or with a few lentils ; leaflets in 2 pairs with an odd one, elliptically or lanceolate-oblong, on an in. (the terminal one on a 2-24 in.) ; or shorter glabrous petiolule, 6-8 in. long, obtuse or acute at base, chartaceous, bluntish and shortly or long-acuminate, glabrous, very glaucous beneath, but without whitish areoles ; flowers rather small, white, on 1-2 lin. long puberulous pedicels, forming sessile or almost sessile puberulous corymbose panicles in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; calyx puberulous, the lobes oblong; bluntish ; petals 5, occasionally increased to 8, linear-lanceolate, acute, puberulous, nearly 2 lin. long; stamens 10, sometimes as many as 15, all free the filaments linear, narrower than the anthers, and equally broad, entire, villous; disk thick, red ; ovaty immersed, densely tawny tomentose ; unripe berries oblong, acuml- nate, greyish-velvety. Has.—Frequent in the i ea Sik —s.—85.—Si8, chloritic i ong forests of South Andaman.—Fl. May 4. W. o: oe Kz.—An evergreen tree (40—50 + 10—18 + 4—6) ; the leat: uds tawn =. : ules, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-44 in, long, thin cha ceous, rather long-acuminate, peneath uniformly glaucescent, the “tin ; t very slender and long peduncled, poorly branched, Grrntnggs : wt em Carapa. | BURSERACER. 225 Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans.—s.—SS.— SiS. Metam. 5. W. trijuga, Kz. (Heynea trijuga, Roxb.; H£, Ind. FL i. 565 ;: Brand. For. Fl. 70 ; Heynea affinis, Juss. ; Bedd. Sylv. Mad. t. 134). elliptical or almost globose, the size of a small cherry, glabrous, Opening in two leathery valves, containing a single seed enveloped us nearly so, the size of a very small cherry, glabrous, red, opening ito 2 leathery valves, containing a single seed enveloped in a white arillus, Has.—Rath in the tropical forests along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah et tr tka) Martabar hills, up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl, Feb.- March; Fr. SS.—SiS, Metam. ; pr.—s.— Remarxs.— Wood soft, white. CARAPA, Aubl. | . Calyx 4. or 5-cleft or -parted, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, free, unbricate, Staminal wee a ckoslahé, 8-10-toothed or -cleft, the Des entire or 2-parted ; anthers included in the tube and alter- P 226 BURSERACEZ. [ Carapa. nating with the teeth or lobes. Disk thick, hemispherical. Ovary 4-5-celled, each cell with 2 to 6 ovules superposed in 2 rows;_ style short.. Capsule fleshy or woody, 1-5-celled (the thin septa often obliterating), 2-5-seeded. Seeds large, packed round the remains of the central axis, convex-angular, the testa spongy. Arillus none—Trees, with abruptly or unpaired-pinnate leaves. Flowers usually in poor axillary panicles. Flowers about 2 lm. across, 5-merous; leaflets in 2.3 pairs, more or less ovate, shortly bluntish acuminate . ‘ mice « OC. moluccensis. Leaflets obovate to obovate-oblong in 2-1 pairs or solitary, retuse or rounded; flowers about 4 lin. in diameter, 4-merous . . C. obovata. 1. C, moluccensis, Lamk.— Peng-Jay-oang.—A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves abruptly or spuriously unpaired- pinnate, the rachis terete; leaflets in 2 or 3 pairs, ovate or ovate- oblong, usually a little oblique, bluntish or shortly bluntish acu-. minate, chartaceous (somewhat fleshy when fresh), very shortly petioluled, entire, glabrous ; flowers small, about 2 lin. in diameter, on slender glabrous pedicels, forming slender lax panicles in axils of the leaves and often as long as them; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes rotundate, acute; petals 5, nearly 14 line long; sta- minal tube about 14 lin. long, erenate; capsules the size of a s lime or smaller, globose, containing 2 or 3 large angular seeds. Has.—Not unfrequent along the rocky and sandy shi f the Andamans, especially along the aia sidee= Pr. pr sMape: be peta! el, _ 2. C. obovata, BI. (C. moluccensis, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 136.) Peng-lay-oang.—An evergreen tree (25—40 + 8—20 + 4—6), parts glabrous ; leaves eas pinnate, or occasionally simple, the smooth rachis brown or - leaflets in 2 or a sin > . * calys Morse Has.—Frequent in the littoral forests, especially the tidal ones, all along the shores from Chittagong down to Tonseseeiay and the cnienae= Fl. June- July; Fr. Apr.-May.—l.—SS. = Sal. ee __ ReMarKs.—Wood pale or dark reddish-brown, broadly streaked, not Very rather heavy, strong. O’—47 Good for handles of tools &e., ts. The fruits used for Chickrassia. } BURSERACER. — 227 CHICKRASSIA, A. Juss. Calyx cup-shaped, 4- or 5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, imbricate, Staminal tube cylindrical, 8- or 10-crenate ; anthers erect, inserted at the summit of the teeth. Disk none. Ovary shortly stalked, 3-celled with many biseriate ovules in each cell. Capsules woody, seeeeally opening in three 2-lamellate valves separating from -winged central axis. Seeds many, imbricate » winged below, seutecee! — Large trees, with lest pinnate leaves, Flowers middling-sized, in reeset al panicles Leaves ny inflorescences glabrous ; sesinbea greyish, wrinkled- Ch. tabularis, All softer parts and inflorescences softly ‘Pubescent ; capsules tai almost smooth - Ch. velutina. 1. Ch. tabnlaris, A Fash: HE Ind Fi - 568; on Sylv. Madr. t. 1] —Yeng-ma or taw-yeng=m. aby ty evergreen tree (50— 90 + 30—50 + 5—8), the young sticks slightly pobeentoed leaves unpaired or spuriously abruptly pinnate, 1-2 ft. long, glabrous; leaflets alternate or nearly so, in 4 to 10 pairs, on ‘ slender but rather short petiolule, ei ovate to ovate-oblong, ng-acuminate, increasing upwards in size from 2 or 8 to 5 in. long, entire, ne Sb FOtA ; flowers middling-sized, e¢reen- ish-) 1-2 lin. long minutely puberulous = forming minutely puberulous soon glabrescent terminal panicles; calyx puberulous, hardly a line deep; petals nearly 4 in. long, ovate- linear, indistinctly puberulous ; ovary elongate, sparingly a Why pubescent ; the style very short ; capsules oval, somewhat prota, wrinkled-rough, - the size of a pullet’s egg, greyish- ,__4B-—Rather rare in the tropical forests of Chittegore and Pegu down to: Tenasserim ; als also Andamans,—Fl. Sept.—s.—SS. Bineiss ep ot b ht-coloured, “eget ined, woe veined, employed aes is. Usually anaes O’=24 pd. Teas al ternate, m es pairs with an odd one; eT mer aire rather lige, shortly petioluled or almost sessile, 3-5 in. long, piece a line Bf forming ample lax tawny tomentose panicles ; ; ee about 4 lin. deep, tawny — ss about ut } in: long, = y pubescent ; tik ovoid or almost globular, black and hat sn, soap thse a pigeo’s gg, somewhat pointed. 228 BURSERACEE. [ Soymida. | Has.—Frequent in the dry forests and entering also the upper mixed forests of Prome and Pegu; also Ava.—FIl. Sept.—l.—_SS.—CaS. SiS. (?) SOYMIDA, A. Juss. into unequally long wings.—Trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary and terminal panicles. Hap —Found by Dr. Brandis somewhere in Burma, probably in Prome—F sometimes alternating with as many staminodes ; anthers versatile. 5-celled, with 8-12 biseriate pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform. Capsule 5-celled, septicidally opening into valves, leaving the dissepiments attached to the persistent axis. ‘Seeds compressed, imbricate, winged below or on both ends.—Trees, with un x Leaflets entire (seeds winged at both ends). Leafiets usually on long slender petiolules ; calyx minute, the sepals rounded . ‘ ‘ as ‘ ge ae . C. Toond. Leaflets usually shortly petioluled ; calyx large, the sepals 14 lin. = r acute po, oS Ree ets serrate or serrulate ; calyx minute ; seeds winged ae only below . . . . ° . . a oS Cc. 2, 1. C. Toona, Roxb.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 10; Brand. For. Fl.7 t. 14.—Thit-kadoe.—A tree (30—100 + 40—50 + 6—12), Cedreta. | BURSERACER. 229 leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous; bark greyish-brown, about 4-3 in, p thick, rather even, coarsely fibrous within ; cut red ; leaves unpaired. petiolule, obliquely ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, about 3-4 In. 3 & bs] nm — 5 a9 oO D i) ee 99 SB j=) ba g E 3, = oe 6 # ° = 5 ge e o ge oe 7 rous, 5-valved ; seeds broadly winged at both ends and less so on the outer margin. Has.—In the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah, rather rare, common in those of Martaban.—Fl, March-Apr. ; Fr. Oct.-Nov.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam. RemArxs.— Wood reddish, turning soon reddish-brown, with asilvery lustre, soft, fibrous, coarse, but rather close-grained. Q’==28 pd.—Good for furniture, house-building, etc. Exudes an aromatic resin. ®. C. multij Kz.—Toung-da-ma.—An evergreen tree (70— 90 $4000 oe) , the trunk eunaele buttressed at base, the young shoots minutely tawny puberulous ; leaves up to 3 ft. long, unpaired-pinnate, the terete petioles and the 2-3 lin. long petiolules puberulous while young; leaflets in 12-15 pairs with an one, alternating, from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, somewhat oblique, unequal at base and rounded on one side, acuminate, 5-6 in. long, membranous, entire ; flowers small, white, on } a line long pedicels, Tacemose, forming glabrous contracted panicles; petals and sepals 5 each, urceolate-converging, oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, the latter 14 to nearly 2 lin. long, minutely ciliolate; stamens 10, free ; Ovary with 10 furrows. -—Rather rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, west of Tounghoo.—Fl. March. —Sis. 3. C. serrata, Royle; Brand. For. Fl. 73.—A tree, all parts glabrous, or the young shoots minutely puberulous ; leaves un - while young puberulous, soon glabrous ; leaflets in 10-15 Capsules about extremity only, —Ava. an in. long, smooth ; seeds broadly winged at one 230 CHAILLETIACES. [ Chailletia. CHAILLETIACEM. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals 5, united or free, imbricate, pomnenunee unequal. Petals 5, free and equal, or connate and unequal, 2-cleft or Q-lobed. Stamens 5, alternating with the stigma simple or capitate. Drupe fe or leathery, indehiscent or dehiscent, containing a 1-2-celled bony or crustaceous sometimes 2- ed stone. Seeds solitary, pendulous, with a broad hilum. Albu- men none. Embryo large, with a small superior radicle.—Little trees or shrubs, with simple alternate teaves Stipules u: petiolar. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or corymbs, the peduncle sometimes adnate to the petiole. CHAILLETIA, DC. ers regular or nearly so, sometimes polygamous or a at the Sy ae Petals 5, free, broadly clawed, 2-parted o 2-lobed : 1 = inflexed apex. Stamens 5, equal. Hypogynovs elandé b, 4 riaceous, dry, ; shrubs, with entire leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers small, age or corym and pact Neargins ‘bes eath more or less conspicuous. Cymes ciusted like and almost sessile ; leaves green, cuneately nar- Jus 4 rowed in a very es petiole . Ch. gelonioides. 4 Cras terres peduncled ; (?) leaves dark-brown in a dried state Ch. mucropetal@. — Nerves and net-veination beneath very faint and almost a Impressed. Cane an 2-3 lint lony long petgneles Meret hue in a dried attr shortly petioled : ” Ch. Helferiana. 1. Ch. Helferiana, Kz.—An evergreen ati or tree, (?) fen younger shoots shortly yellowish or greyish pubescent ; leaves y oblong or oblong, on a Bas lin. long greyish pu pesiale ane or Fue at base, short] amine, entire, € a: - ante 8 a revish pubescent small cyme on a $ to # in. long : sage arising from the axils of the leaves and about 2-4 sige than the A sepals and petals silky pubescent aes Ma main Ch. gelonioides, H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 570.—An evergreen stall tree, ‘the young shoots puberulous; leaves elliptically to eee Chailletia. } OLACINER. 231 , Has.—Chittagong. . i : 3. Ch. macropetala, Turez.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 571.—An ever- above, 3-43 in, long, thin coriaceous ; flowers about 2 lin. in diame- ter, in densely. tomentose cymes; sepals united into a turbinate tube, unequal, blunt, appressed greyish pubescent ; petals somewhat longer than the sepals (in the females twice as large), split to below the middle; stamens as long as the petals; the anthers in the females without pollen; scales of the disk 4-sided, crenate 3 Ovary m the males rudimentary, in the females globular, white-hairy, the style long and slender, 3-cleft at the apex. Has.—Tenasserim. OLACINEA. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, or rarely unisexual, Calyx small, 4-6-toothed, free or adnate to the disk. Petals 4-6, free or more or less united, valvate. Stamens as many or twice as many as (rarely fewer than) petals, adnate to the base of the petals or and h Flowers fe i _, About 25 species are found in Burma, but little is known of scandent, with usually alternate simple leaves. Stipules none. ) w and in spi i nicles. %* Stamens twice as many as petals (rarely fewer), or if of the same number, opposite to them. O Ovary often 2-3-celled at base, at least at the summit l-celled. Placenta central, with 2 or 3 pendulous ovules, { 232 OLACINES. [ Ximenia. X Stamens twice mers ae or, if fewer, ac- companied ee ; Calyx not enlarging after flowering ; en meerecaec all perf . roe Calyx ee in fruit; ee ens 3-5; eaninothe "6 0 wer. = Ola "x x Stamens as many " petals : and opposite to them. T Fraiting zr owe ron enlarged, adnate to the Aomiets scandent tendril-bearing shrub with 3-nerved . Erythropalum. Ovary near the summit 8-5-celled trees with penninerved leaves , . Strombosia. + + Calyx in fruit unch anged ; disk in fruit much enlarged, adnate cy bas ean and resembling an adnate c a. ———— OO Ovary eae’, with a single ovalar: Viren herma hrodite. X Corolla gamopetalous. Inflorescence without bracts Stamens 4, athaisitiag with as many seers scales or glands Cansjera. 4, Stamens 4, free; staminodes or scales non - Natsiatopsis. X X Petals free. Inflo: rescences while young imbri- qisketge Filaments filiform + Opilia. x > Stamens as many as s petals and alternating with them. O Trees or erect shrubs. Cotyled = small or dilated. =r minu ig toothed or lobed. Petals usually Drupes — feshy woptndeal: anthers pendulous ; . Stemonurus. Drupes wi eshy puffy sa: a oe covering only 0: : the path nut ; — attached to = back save the 2-lobed: base : podytes. Drupe berry-like ; flowers sessile, in heads . Daphniphyllopsis. Calyx 5. os or = sepals distinct, imbricate, Albumen many-lobed; d: » woody onocaryum. oO Cline. "0 *Gotyledons broadly foliaceous or thick. oecious. Female Fin a in heads ; * sian, sets | ger than the anthers; drupes echinate ; bes slightly wrinkled . Phytoerene. Fiodanctaconapedte nies te; filaments longer than the anthers, Albumen none Sarcostigma. Flowers racemose ; filaments very short ; albumen ‘fles eshy . Natsiatum. Flowers cymose-panicled ; filaments very short ; albumen fleshy . Todes. L. Calyx 4-5-toothed or -lobed, not enlarging after flowering. Pe- tals 4 or 5, bearded eC te valvate, Stamens twice as many 45— petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers dehiscing by opposite slits Ovary. 3-celled at base, with 3 ovules suspended from a central pla- centa. Drupes with a very thick fleshy sarcocarp. Seeds spuriously — erect.—Shrubs or rarely trees, often spinose. Flowers middling- = solitary, or in ymes, . Americana, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 574.—Pin-lay-see or pin ei poo straggling shrub, all parts glabrous, armed with Olax. | OLACINER. 233 straight spines (reduced branchlets) ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 13-2 in. long, rather long petioled, acute at base, blunt, entire, glabrous ; flowers whitish, rather large, forming little nodding cymes, rarely solitary or by 2-3; petals 3-4 lin. long, densely and long bearded inside ; drupes oval-oblong, about an in. long or longer, . red, smooth, edible, containing a large not very hard nut. ! _Has.—Not unfrequent along the rocky coast of the Andamans; also Tenas- serim, OLAX, L. Calyx truncate, enlarging after flowering, and more or less en- closingthe fruit. Petals 6, rarely 5, inserted to the free turbinate disk. Perfect stamens usually 3, alternate with the petals, the re- maining 7-9 reduced to simple or 2-cleft staminodes. Ovary half- immersed in the disk, 3-celled only at base, with 3 ovules suspended from the central placenta; style more or less elongate. Drupes free, enclosed in the enlarged coriaceous or membranous calyx. Seed spuriously erect. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, usually scandent, with alternate entire leaves. Flowers small, in axilla short racemes or spikelets, rarely solitary. X Enlarged i i mbranous, dry. Branchlets Boe ee ek ae leaves bel and the ra- cemes, pu ous ° = > : ; ‘ . ° All parts, also the racemes, quite glabrous; branchlets cornered . O. Zeylanica. X X Enlarged fruiting calyx coriaceous; branchlets flowers 4-5 lin. long. ‘ 2 Fs . - 2 O. imbricata. 1. 0. scandens, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 575; Brand. For. Fi. 15.—Joung-lai-loo or lai-loo.—A large scandent shrub, with scat- tered spines on the old stems, all the younger parts p or puberulous, the branchlets terete; leaves oval or oblong, rather shortly petioled, blunt or bluntish apiculate, about 2-3 in. long, entire, more or less puberulous beneath, glabrescent ; flowers small, white, shortly pedicelled, forming short axillary solitary puberulous racemes much shorter than the leaves ; petals usually 5, rarely 6, half-way united by pairs by means of the adnate filaments so as to Sprig 3 two-cleft petals, about 3-4 lin. pt ; ee aor g _&t apex, glabrous; drupes almost globose or ellipsoid, the size of a large pea, enclosed ai ths membranous cup-sha enlarged free calyx, apiculate, 1-seeded. . Has.—Rather frequent all over Burma from Ava and Ceeaeene down to im, i al dschons tose ae the pine forests up to .-March.—l,—SS. = @ Sal. 3,500 ft, slevation.— FI Deeb 2. 0. Zeylanica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 576; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. —60.—A large shrub, all parts glabrous, the branchlets angular while young, when adult marked by 2 sharp lines; leaves ovate-lanceo- = late, shortly petioled, 3-4 in, long, acute or obtuse at base, acumi- 234 | OLACINER. [ Erythropatum. nate, revolutely marginate, glabrous, often blackish-dotted beneath, the nerves and veins conspicuous ; flowers small, white, on rather slender pedicels, forming short axillary glabrous racemes; petals about 2 lin. long; staminodes 2-cleft at apex ; drupes the size of a pea, for more than one-half uncovered by the enlarged, cup-shaped, free, membranous calyx, apiculate, 1-seeded. Has.—Ava. 3. 0. imbricata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 575.—A large arbore- ous climber, all parts glabrous, the branchlets terete ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-5 in. long, obtuse at base, on short strong petioles, acute, entire, coriaceous, glossy above, the nerves conspicu- ous beneath; flowers rather large, white, forming short, dense racemes in the axils of the leaves; petals 4-5 lin. long; filaments glabrous; staminodes 2-cleft at apex ; drupes oval, perfectly en- closed in the globose, fleshy, when dry, leathery calyx of the size of a small cherry. Has.—Chittagong; Tenasserim.—Fr. Febr. ERYTHROPALUM, BI. h t Ovary hi mersed in the disk, 1-celled, containing 2-3 pendulous ovules ; style very short; drupes quite enclosed in, and adnate to, the enlarged calyx, at apex marked by the scars of the calyx-limb, containing a crustaceous l-seeded nut. Seed pendulous. Albumen fleshy. —Scandent glabrous shrubs, with 3-nerved entire leaves. Flowers 4, eymose, some of the peduncles transformed into tendrils. 1. E, scandens, Bl.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 578.—A large woody scandent shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, about in. long, almost peltate, long-petioled, 3-nerved at » acuminate or acute, entire, glabrous, beneath glaucescent, : Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the inca x from Martaban ae | to Tenasserim.—FI. Apr.—s.SS. = ; Sirombosia, | OLACINES, 235 STROMBOSIA, BI. Calyx very shortly adnate, ee almost pre enlarging after flowering. Petals 5, valvat Stamens 5, adnate petals and opposite to them ; anthers dorsifix. Ovary ale snteidteed in the disk or resting on the same with a broad base, nearly to the summit 3-5-celled, containing 3-5 ovules suspended from the central placenta; style short. Drupes berry-like, de sane My the enla calyx and contaiming a crustaceous or hard n eeds suspended. Albumen fleshy. 1. §. Javanica, Bl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 579.—A large evergreen tree, all parts. glabrous ; ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, 6-8 in. long, on a rather long and thick petiole, obtuse or rounded at base, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, somewhat glossy above ; flowers small, greenish, formin little cymes in the axils of the leaves and ie shorter than the petioles ; drupes almost turbinate, the size of a plum, truneate and encircled with a prominent margin at the top, terminating in a pointed disk. Has.—Tenasserim. ANACOLOSA, BI. in the disk, its Poe or siguadaarie ep septate, containing 2-3 pendu- lous ovules. Dra rupes berry-like, marked by the annular border of the adnate disk, and containing a ste ha nut. Seed pendulous. Albumen fleshy. —Shrubs or small trees, with entire coriaceous leaves. Flowers small, cymose. Calyx and pedicels densely goberiiens. sin searlet, think vel- ng vety puberula. pegs and slender pedicels glabrous ae. Griffithii. preceding, but = — — very ‘thick ; drupe a an in. _ long, Slabrom . - A. crassipes, 3 calyx tawny puberulous ; ian obovoid, about . in. long, scarlet, minutely velvety. 236 OLACINER. [ Cansjera. Hazs.—Rather nig cee in the tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl. Apr.- May.—s.—SS.—SiS., 2. riffithii, Mast. in H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 580.—An evergreen shrub or tree,(?) all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. ong, on a rather long petiole, ‘obtuse or acute at base, blunt or bluntish acuminate, entire, coriaceous, sete glossy above; flowers small, on straight, short, glabrous pedicels, forming an almost sessile short cyme in the axils. of the leaves; 3 calyx glabrous. Has.—Tenasserim. 3. A. crassipes (Gomphandra crassipes, Mast. in Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 58 He —An evergreen tree Go B8 FB 12 + 19), all parts peduncle only 2-3 lin. long, at the base supported by the ruptured narrow — ‘truncate at the top and terminated by a promi- s acuminate disk. AB.—Rare in the —— forests along choungs of the eastern slopes of the rn Yomah.—s.—SS.=Si8S. pases Juss. didymous. Disk 4-lob Ovary 1-celled, with a solitary ovule on a short central placenta ; style filiform ; stigma almost capitate. Drupes with a thin sarcocarp, containing a crustaceous nut. Seed erect.—Scandent shrubs, with alternate entire leaves. Flowers small, in nude spikes. x brett ae sean retuse or blunt, small , ‘ i Bx parvifolia. Leaves dies: -lanceolate, pot inate, opaque; drupes ane . C. Rheedei. ves ovate-oblong, acute, glossy above ; drupes globular . C. zizyphifolia. 1. C. parvifolia, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 583.—Shrub, (?) all softer parts shortly pubescent or puberulous from forked hairs ; leaves than an in. long, ovate, rounded or obtuse ‘at base, notched or blunt, coriaceous, entire, on a short shortly tomentose petiole, on both sides shortly pubescent ; flowers small, sessile, form- Natsiatopsis. ] OLACINER. 237 ing short spikes in the axils of the leaves ; calyx more distinct than in other species ; corolla puberulous. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. €, Rheedei, Gmel.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 582; Brand. For. Fl. 75; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 179, t. 26, f. 6—A scandent shrub, the younger branches puberulous; leaves from ovate to elliptically oblong, 4-5 in. long, shortly petioled, obtuse at base, acuminate, entire or somewhat waved, almost coriaceous, glabrous, opaque on both sides ; flowers small, yellow, tubular, forming about an in. long tomentose spikes in the axils of the leaves; disk-lobes oblong- lanceolate, somewhat lacerate; drupes oblong, the size of a small pea, red, shortly pointed, glossy. _ Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans and Tenasse- rim.— Fl. May. 3. C. zizyphifolia, Griff—A scandent shrub, the shoots vel- vety; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 2-24 in. long, on a short often puberulous petiole, obtuse at base, acute or shortly acuminate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy above, often 3-nerved shortly bo base and the nerves more arcuate ; flowers small, green, subtended by a small bract, sessile, forming short velvety spikes in e axils of the leaves; corolla urceolate, papillose outside ; disk- lobes from a broad cordate base lanceolate ; drupes globular, Has,—Burma (probably Tenasserim). NATSIATOPSIS, Kz. Flowers dioecious, in elongate racemes. Calyx distinct, 4- toothed ; corolla tubular, 4-cleft at the apex. Stamens 4; filaments broadly linear, flat, free. Ovary-rudiment tawny hispid.—Twin- ing undershrubs, with leaves not unlike those of a Thunbergia. Flowers small, in elongate axillary fascicled racemes. 1. N. thunbergiefolia, Kz.—A twining shrub, all softer parts minutely scabrous-pubescent; leaves cordate at the base, ovate- short, reflexed, appressed pubescent outside; stamens 4; filaments » br 2 Has.—Ava, Khakyen hills.—Fl. March. $38 | OLACINER. *[ Opilia. OPILIA, Roxb. 4-5, hypogynous, “valvatas * Stamens as many, opposite to = petals ; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifix near base. Disk of 4-5 scales. Ovary 1-celled with a solitary suspended ovule ; style short. Drupe with a crustaceous nut. Seed spuriously erect. Albumen present.—Scandent shrubs, with entire almost distichous leaves. Flowers minute, by 1 to 3 subtended by a bract, forming axl racemes, catkin-hke while young. ie 1. 0. amentacea, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 583; Bedd. Sylv. a Madr. 60, t. 9, f. 3—A large scandent ail “all parts elabrous ; | leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, on a 2-8 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long, bluntish acuminate, entire, coriaceous, glossy above, glabrous ; racemes short, solitary, or by 2 or 3 in the axils of th es oe above the scars of the fallen ones; flowers 5-merous, minute, Bente, a a lin. long slender pedicels; drupes globular, the size of a cherry, 1-seeded. Has.—Not unfrequent in the jong a dot forests of the Prome Disa March ; ‘Fr. Apr.-May,—1.—SS.—= STEMONURWUS, BI. Flowers usually polygamous. Calyx cup-shaped, minutely 4-5- toothed. Petals 4 or 5, inserted at the very short polygamous disk, more or less cohering in a tube, free at apex, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5, alternating with the petals and adhering to them at the base; filaments with 2 apical cavities hiding the pendulous anthers. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules; stigma sessile. Drupes crowned by the Senge rrigee stigma, the nut crustaceous Seed pendulous. Albumen fleshy.—Trees with entire leaves. Flowers ae Aceowes Il parts glabrous Leaves 2: bes ne 5 cymes teat: — the peduncle stiff and ie pee Lae 23 3 9 ee - cymes s htly puberulous, axillary and peduneled ; drupes “wiytiealle oblong, the putamen suleate . St: Javaniows. XX taue branches tawny tomentose ; tioles, te surface of leaves, and inflorescence puberulous or wacaae —_— peduaicled, leat-opposed F . St. rege = 1. S. Penangianus, Miers (Gom ial Pensngieias We Be Ind. FV. i. oes), “An (Gomi tree, the leaf-buds shetly : -pubescent ; leaves oblong, on a stout, short, oor rene or the somewhat t unequal base, shortly Actuate e, 2-54 thin’ ceed ester flowers small, el ers peice pee Apodytes. | OLACINER. 239 leaves ; calyx 4-5-toothed ; corolla funnel-shaped, 4-5-cleft ; stamens - 4-5; the filaments hairy on the back. Ovary in males rudimentary, in females 5-angled, gate: at the apex, with a conical style ; immature fruit ovoid, } in. long. Hazs.—Upper Tenasserim. S. Javanicus, Bl. (Gomphandra afinis, Mast.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ; 587) .—A small evergreen tree, the leaf-bud appressed fulvous- ; leaves Pena to elliptically oblong, on a rather slender petiole about 4 in. long, acute at the base, 2-4 in. long, bluntish and rather abruptly acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, shortly pedicelled, forming ou shortly peduncled fugaceously Beierulous dichotomous cymes in the axils of the leaves; calyx pate site almost cee cathe funnel-shaped, 2 lin, long ; drupes oblong, } in. long, crowned by the incrassate peltate disk, the stone toriceitisdinatly furrowed. Has.—Tenasserim. 3. St. eee Kz. (Gomphandra tomentella, Mast. in Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 587.)—Probably an evergreen small tree, the shoots and eeous entite, benes th downy; flowers small, sessile, formi “Bede tomous densely tomentose rather long-peduneled cymes in the axils -. the pane calyx hirsute ; corolla glabrous; filaments ¢iab- Shaped up Has. se Gactalis Tenasserim). APODYTES, E. Mey... Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5-6, valvate. Stamens 5-6, alternating with the petals and shortly cohering with their base ; Slawtente rather thick, flattened upwards. Ovary often appendaged or thickened on the back, l-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules; style excentrical, or oblique. Nuts dry, with a fleshy puffy appendage covering the whole inner flat side, 1-2-seeded. Albumen fleshy.— Small trees with entire leaves. Flowers small, cymose. l. A, Andamanica, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 588.—An ever- Sreen tree (40—50 + 10-15 +46), ae leaf-buds pealy puberu- wr leaves oblong to pag soon a oblong, obtuse e at the 240 OLACINER, [ Daphniphyltopsis. puberulous outside ; style short, oblique; nut woody-fibrous, ovate- oblong, plano-convex, terminating in a reflexed point, the thick and puffy fleshy white appendage covering the whole flat inner face. Has.—Frequent in the oo forests of South Andaman.—Fl. Apr.-May; — Fr. June-July.—s. —SS.=SiS. M oe Kz. Calyx 5-lobed, accrescent. Petals 5, rarely 6-7, free. Stamens 10, all perfect, alternately or irregularly longer. Ovary inferior, pedicel-like, crowned with a rather large epigynous annular disk; style very short, simple. Fruit connate with the enlarged calyx, -erowned by the hypogynous disk and calyx-lobes.—Trees with — simple leaves. Flowers small, sessile, in axillary peduncled heads. . D. capitata, Kz.—A large evergreen tree (60—70 +25—30 +8—1 0), the shoots sparingly Spee leaves oblong or almost ovate-oblong, on a petiole about an in. long, thinly acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the usually oblique base, entire, coriaceous, see tn the daur hill forests of Martab , east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 1 Habel in th dam i ch.—s =—=Metam. mre plete GONOCARYUM, Mig. eet polygamous. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate. Petals 5, | a t t | lobes.—Glabrous trees with pa i ae Flowe eal slender, the hermaphrodite-females in very ars racemes or fe Leaves opaque; drupes 4-3-angular a er ° . G. gracile. =) glossy ; drupes terete z G. Grifithianum. 2 1. G. gracile, Mig. ; |(Pitebentymna Wallichii, Mast. m HE Ind. Fl. i. 590.—Proba bly an evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; — leaves oblong or coindecn: unequal and obtuse at base, about 5 in. long or longer, on about 5-6 lin. long petioles, bluntish apicu- late, entire, very coriaceous, glabrous, opaque; flowers minute, sessile, the fertile hermaphrodites in short, che-malaciad > Phytocrene. } OLACINEX, 241 somewhat puberulous spikes in the axils of the leaves; calyx and ovary pubescent; style thick and short; drupes (in Sumatran specimens) all sterile, obovate, irregularly 4-3-angular, acuminate, smooth. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. G. Griffithianum, Kz., (Pilebocalymna Grifithiana and obbiana, Mast. in H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 590).—An evergreen tree (30—. dite ones forming very short glabrous racemes in the axils of the leaves; sepals 5, broad-ovate, acute, thick; petals acute; stamens RS 5; filaments as long as the tube and adnate to it; anthers ovate, Ee acute; ovary puberulous; drupes about 2 in. long, oblong, obtuse, terete, woody, smooth, 1-seeded. Haz.—Frequent in marshy places of the tropical and in swamp-forests of gta Pegu down to Tenasserim.—Fl. rot gs poe penpenee et . Metam. p- PHYTOCRENE, Wall. Flowers dioecious. Calyx cup-shaped, soon 3-4-lobed. Petals » hypogynous, somewhat, cohering at the base, valvate. Males: Stamens 4, alternating with the petals; filaments filiform, very shortly united round the hispid ovary-rudiment; anthers versatile. Females: Staminodes minute. Ovary conical or cushion-shaped, Male flower-heads usually more tawny tomentose, on short but very thick pedunclets, numerous in very compound racemes, in a iter: state terminating in a short thick tomentose bract-like Ste e524 ‘ F 3 ;: : ’ . Ph. gigantea. Male flower-heads somewhat smaller and usually greyish-tomen- tose, on short but slender pedunclets, — (8-5) sto = racemes terminati in long bract-like greyish-tomen slender axes , : : ‘ ‘ . Ph. bracteata. 1. Ph. gigantea, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 591.—A large woody climber, the aegis a foot thick, irregularly tubercled, all ‘Softer ps tawny or rusty-hirsute; leaves nearly a foot long, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, deeply cordate at base, acuminate, _ entire, sometimes 3-lobed , with the lobes blunt or acute, thick-mem- branous, above, especially along the nerves, roughish puberulous, : 9 242 OLACINER. ~ [ Sarcostigma. and glossy, beneath softly greyish or pale tawny tomentose and laxly net-veined between the palmate nerves; male flowers sessile, in little greyish or tawny tomentose heads of the size of a small pea, forming short racemes supported by a long deciduous bract and collected in elongate large tawny or greyish-tomentose raceme- like panicles arising by 3-5 from the older branches; bracts subu- late, about 4 in. long or longer, tawny pubescent, usually fallen before opening of the flowers. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests along choungs of the eastern — i erim.— Fl. Febr.—s. slopes of the Pegu Yomah; more frequent. in Tenass ate oe SS. = SiS. Metam. NV. B.—P. bracteata, Wall., is said to occur m South Tenasserim. SARCOSTIGMA, WA. Calyx cup-shaped, irregularly 4-5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, adnate to the stalk-like torus and ecohering in a short tube, free upwards, valvate. Males: Stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals nd eohering with them at the base; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile. Females: Ovary sessile beyond the corolla-tube, 1-celled with 2 pendulous ovules; stigma sessile. Drupes with a single almost woody nut. Albumen none.—Scandent shrubs, with coria- ceous much net-veined leaves. Flowers minute, in long spikes. 1. S. edule, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 594.—A large woody climber, parts glabrous; leaves oblong or elliptically oblong, rather shortly petioled, obtuse at base, very shortly and bluntish apiculate, coriaceous, entire, glabrous, strongly and elegantly net-vemed on both sides; racemes rusty or tawny tomentose; drupes unequally oblong, somewhat compressed, blunt, densely and shortly tomentose, orange-coloured, with a thin edible sweetish pulp round the nut. Has.—Rather i i Ts tie, 2 Siar gee rag the tropical forests of the Andamans.—fr. NATSIATUM, Ham. icum, Ham.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 595.—A large climber, i. : all softer parts shortly hispid and retrorsely rough ; leaves broadly See Hole, 4-6 in and broad, cordate, on a long and slender petiole, 4-6 in. long hort A shortly acuminate, obsoletely repand, minutely toothed by the = Lodes. | OLACINER. 243 simple or rarely divided hirsute racemes usually arising’ above the scars of the fallen leaves or from the leaf-axils; calyx hirsute or villous ; drupes the size of a pea, irregularly ovate, glabrous, black. _H4B.—Not uncommon in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah; also ttagong.—Fr, Febr.-March.—-s : ].—SS. = SiS. IODES, BI. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-5-cleft, short. Petals 4 or 5, free, or at base united in a short tube, valvate. Males: Stamens 4 or u nut. Albumen fleshy.—Secandent shrubs with entire leaves. Flowers small, cymose or panicled, the lower peduncles often re- duced to tendrils. Leaves membranous, on slender rather long petioles, thinly puber- = beneath ; flowers on slender about $ lin. long pedicels. Z. Hap.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr. 2. I. Brandisii, Kz.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 596.—A climber, all softer parts thinly and shortly pubescent ; leaves oblong, obtuse at base, on a rather slender pubescent petiole 4-3 in. long, 4-6 in. long, mucronate-acuminate, entire, thin-membranous, the nerves above and the whole under-surface thinly and minutely puberulous, green, inently and laxly net-veined; flowers minute, pubescent, on 244. ILICINER. [ Ilex. slender about 4 lin. long pedicels, forming lax cymes arranged in slender flexuose pubescent panicles arising by pairs from between the opposite petioles, sometimes the one or other panicle or branch of it reduced to a pubescent twisting tendril ; petals pale tawny hirsute, about 4 lin. long ; calyx none. Has.—Tenasserim, Thounggyeen.—Fl. March. 3-4 lin. long appre tawny hirsute petiole, cuspidate, entire or nearly so, membranous, much net-veined between the prominent, female flowers on short thick pedicels, forming rather short dicho- tomous pubescent leaf-opposed cymes ; corolla unequally 4-5-cleft, hirsute ; ovary ovoid-oblong, up to $ densely tawny-setose, further up simply pubescent, l-celled, with a solitary erect ovule ; drupes elliptically oblong, somewhat narrowed at base, about 1-14 in. long, glabrous, the pericarp fleshy ; seed solitary, erect. ILICINEZ. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx 3-6-parted or- lobed, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, rarely more or wanting, free or united at the base, hypogynous, imbricate. Stamens hypogynous, as many as petals or rarely more, free or slightly adhering to the petals ; filaments subulate ; anthers opening inwards, Disk none. ( ee, 3-5- rarely many-celled, with 2 or 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; style none or terminal ; stigma discoid or capitellate. Fruit a drupe containing a 2-5-celled stone or 4-8 crustaceous 1-seeded pyrenes. Testa membranous. Albumen copious, fleshy.— Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules none- Flowers small, in axillary and terminal cymes or clusters. A small order differing from O/acinee simply in the more-celled ovary, and from Célastrinea in the absence of the disk and pendu- lous ovules. The berries of some are emetic, and the wood of Ive# aquifolium is much esteemed by European cabinet-makers. The Paraguay tea is the produce of Ilex Paraguayensis from South America. Petals present ; ovary 4-8-celled ; stamens 5 ‘ ‘ . . Ilex. No petals; ovary 2-celled . . . . « «4 ~~. « Daphniphyllum ILEX, L. . Flowers often hermaphrodite. Calyx persistent, 4- or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4-6-parted. Stamens as many or twice as many 9 Tex. ] ILICINER. 245 corolla-lobes, slightly adhering to the corolla-tube. Ovary 4-6- rarely 7-8-celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell ; stigmas as many as cells to the ovary, distinct or connate. Drupe globular, con- taining 4-8 bony or crustaceous pyrenes.—Trees or shrubs with entire or rarely toothed or spiny leaves. Flowers small, in axillary cymes. * Male inflorescence cymose, the female flowers clustered or solitary. Leaves cuneate‘laxebhlaie, 2-34 in. long, very opaque and seid I. gaultheriafo- beneath z 2 ‘ ‘ ‘ : ‘ ; cot lia, * & Female flowers in simple or compound umbelets or mes, x Rowe head-like contracted and small, on a long com- ressed peduncle . . . s : = . I. Godayam, xX es divaricately 2-cleft, on a rather short peduncle. Cymes once divaricately 2-cleft ; bark pale coloured . < - ZT. macrophylia. Cymes twice or thrice dichotomously branched ; bark white ; stigma stout . : . ‘ . > $ : . - I. cymosa. As preceding, but stigma sessile . . gine dees . . I. Wallichii. 1. I, gaultheriefolia, Kz.—An evergreen shrub or tree ?), all parts glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, alternate, cuneate towards the base, on a short and thick petiole, acute, 3-34 in. long, coriace- ous, glabrous, serrate, the nerves beneath conspicuous ; flowers minute, on slender glabrous pedicels, forming short, slender, glabrous axillary cymes of about the length of the petioles or somewhat longer ; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes broadly oblong, bluntish; petals Totundate ; stamens 5, on slender filaments. Has.—Tenasserim, ud reddish petiole 3-3 in. long, 4-6 in. long, shortly and usually blunt- ish-acuminate, entire, when full grown coriaceous, glabrous, glossy k-green above, beneath pale coloured ; flowers white, on 1-3 lin. long rather slender puberulous or glabrescent pedicels, forming a small umbel at the bracted end of the compressed glabrous or puberu- men per-kernel, containing about 8 pyrenes, and in a dried state marked by as many furrows. po A2-—Frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr..Apr—s-S8.—-Motam- Lat. p. _Remwarrs.—w, ede i , rather heavy, fibrous and tough, rather of : oe es CY 246 ILICINEE. [ Daphniphyllum. Bee & mpacraphy lie, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl.i. 604.—An evergreen small tree 15 ft. hig Has.—Tenasserim. 4, 1. cymosa, Bl.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 605.—An evergreen small tree, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets and bark pure white ; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong, on a rather strong petiole 3-4 lin. long, blunt or bluntish acuminate, 3-5 in. long, rather charta- - ceous, entire, pale coloured beneath, the lateral nerves beneath very in; flowers 4-5-merous, small, on slender pedicels 3 lin. long, m small cymes or umbelets collected in a long-peduncled dichoto- mously branched cyme in the axils of the leaves or above the scars the fallen ones ; calyx-lobes orbicular ; petals 4-8, unequal, erect, concave ; drupes globular, about 2 lin. thick, terminated by a stout distinct style, grooved when dry, containing 8 trigonous compressed pyrenes. Has.—Tenasserim. 5. I, Wallichii, H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 605.—A shrub or tree (?), glab- rous, the branchlets white ; leaves elliptical or elliptically ovate, on 4 3 in. long petiole, blunt, quite entire, thinly coriaceous, 4-5 in. longs pale beneath, the lateral nerves very faint, spreading ; drupes § 12. in diameter, terminated by a sessile stigma, containing about 12 compressed stones. (After Hooker.) Has.—Tenasserim. APHNIPHYLLUM, BI. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 3-8-parted, the lobes persistent oF deciduous, imbricate. Petals none. Hypogynous glands 4-6, rather 7 large, or wanting. Stamens 5-18, central, on a convex receptacle ; - anthers opening by 2 slits. Ovary free, 2-celled, with 2 pendulous = ovules in each cell; stigmas 2, sessile. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe é buminous.—Trees or shrubs, with alternating and often crowded simple leaves. Flowers small, in axillary racemes- ; Calyx deciduous; pedicels about 1-24in. long. .« . ... .: -D. tila Calyx persistent (?); pedicels about }in.long . + + + D. majus- 1. D. Him: layense, Muell. .—An evergreen tree (50 +20—25 + 4—6), all parts Sabon leaves oblong to ovate-lancee- Daphniphylium, | CELASTRINER. 247 late, on a 1} to nearly 2 in. long petiole, acute at base, 3-4 in. long, acute or shortly acuminate, entire, chartaceous, giabrous, somewhat glancescent beneath, on both sides ( ly above laxly net-veined ; flowers on strong 1-2 lin. long pedicels, forming a short glabrous rather robust raceme in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; anthers 5, dorsally compressed ; calyx deciduous ; drupes ellipsoid-oblong, about 4 in. long, smooth, on 4-3 in. long peduncles. Han —Rather rare in the ene A hill forests of the Martaban hills at about 5,000 ft. elevation.—s. —SS.—Met 2. D. majus, Muell, Arg. 5k parts asim, the branchlets glaucous ; leaves ovate-oblong to -ablengs on a 2-3 in. long petiole, rounded or acute at base, 5-6 in. long, ich ES entire, ¢ . ceous, glabrous, glaucous beneath; flowers on about 4 in. long icels, forming a short glabrous axillary raceme ; calyx appa- rently persistent in the males; stamens 8; the anche laterally compressed ; rest unknown. AB.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr. CELASTRINE. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 4-5-lobed or ~parted, persistent, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, imbricate. Stamens 3-5 (very rarely 2-10), inserted at the base of the disk or its lobes; filaments subulate, often si anthers 2-celled. Disk eonspicu- ous, cushion-like or explanate or lobed. Ovary sessile on the disk, free at the base or confluent with the disk, 3-5- (aly "1 celled, a5 usually 2 erect or rarely 1 or more ascendi ed es in each cell; style simple, rarely 3-5-cleft. Fruit various, id & capeule, berry, drupe, or samara. Seeds often arillate, sometimes winged. Albumen fleshy or almost horny, or none.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes thorny, rarely climbers, with opposite or alter- nate simple leaves often drying glaucous, Stipules very minute and deciduous or none. Flowers small or minute, in axillary cymes racemes or in terminal panicles. Most Celastrinee are readily recognized by the peculiar large disk ; from Rhamnacea pee! differ in having the stanens alter- e | * Stamens usually 5 or & sony rarely 10), insortedoxtsde outside the disk or tes Hil borders; filaments usually incurved, Seeds a me Beciee e faicic foo + Ovules from the axis of oe cells ; leaves opposite. Petals free; disk fleshy, broad’; capsules 3-5-lobed and-celled =. Evonymus. 248 ; ‘CELASTRINES. [ Evonymus. — Petals connate at base; disk none or annular; = 1-celled, 2-valved . . - Microtropis. + Ovul erect. Leaves alternate, oa 2-4-celled, Tocull cidal . Celastrus. Capsules entire or 2 Hobed 7 ccled, foliclelike, saul slowly 1- oe B-valy . . Kurrimia. Frui Ovary coe aie with the disk ; drupe containing a 1-3- celled putamen . Eleodendron, Ovary half-inferior, 5 5-celled ; berry “large, containing many pyrenes . Siphonodon, *x * Stamens 3 (rarely 2-5), inserted within or on wfte dish; s usually Albu oO seo ealBldacent a ‘berg, “ pas er not . Salacia. o-oo Fruit ake or samaroid, dehiscent ; “seeds Capsule 3-A-celled, Jorulicida 1, angular ; erect tr : Lop pee pe carpels usually 3, samaroid, 2- rales seiandenté shrubs . . Hippoer EVONYMUS, L. Calyx 4-5-cleft, the lobes spreading or aabethdee Petals 4 or 5, inserted round the disk, spreading. Sta as erted on the disk or rarely at its border ; the Patents usually very short ; anthers didymous. Disk fleshy, ample, broadly —— lobed. Ovary immersed in the disk or confluent with it, 3-5- celled, with 2 or rarely more ovules in each cell, cena at the interior angle ; style short. Capsule 3.5. celled and-lobed, angular or winged, opening loculicidally in 8 to 5 valves bearing the septa on their middle. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, with opposite, entire or serrate leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers small, aa axillary cymes, — almost solitary. Arillus usually x ge teats rag: or only slightly 4-cornered. smooth. Flow he a ers small, in ich otomous cymes ; EP some entire; capsules an- gular ; leaves slightly serrate upwards = . BE. glaber. Flowers nearly 5-6 lin. in seme or almost soli- tary; ged; caps wgcvideris prone iy angular, on $ to 1 in. long peduncles eave entire or obscurely serrate. . E. Javanicus. Capsules globular, obtusely = on very shoe’ - a or almost sessile; leaves en . BE. ealocarpus. Capsules chee rough . B. sclerocarp® * xix ee 4-cornered and” almoet winged ; capsules . EB. Griffithii. glaber, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 609.—An evergreen Fe (80-40 +10—20 + 2—4) with terete branchlets, all parts quite glabrous ; bark — 4 fn thick, rather smooth, grey; cut leaves obovate-oblong to oblong, shortly petioled, acute at alg Evonymus. | CELASTRINEE. 249 base, serrate towards the short: rather blunt point, chartaceous, 3-6 in. long, glabrous ; flowers 5-merous, small, 3-4 lin. in diameter, on short but slender pedicels, forming long- aie slender, dichotomous cymes, either solitary in the axils of the leaves or al- ‘most racemose along the young axillary branchlets; petals white, “entire, broadly oblong; disk green; capsule about 5-6 lin. long, obeordate, sharply 5-4-cornered. Has. Stipa ting ; not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasse rare in those of the a slopes of the Pegu Yomah.—FI. Marh-Ape Fr. Sept.—s.—SS.—=Met RemarKs.— Wood of a brown- ilowiak colour, turning brown, heavy, coarsel frou; sate close-grained, r sather hard, but soon attacked by xyicutiiges: 2. E, Javanicus, Bl.; H-f. Ind. Fi. i. 607.—An evergreen tree (30 +10— —12+1}—2) with terete birainletee all parts quite glabrous ; leaves elliptical, obovate-oblong to oblong, on a short but slender petiole, somewhat narrowed towards the acute base, shortly acuminate, entire or slightly serrate towards dhe’ point, 5-6 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous; flowers about 5-6 lin. across, on straight usually 6-8 lin. long (but often also much shorter or enger) strong pedicels, several together arising from short rus Be tubercles, or almost solitary ; petals oblong, long-fringed ; stamens 5 ; the filaments inserted in the grooves of the disk-lobes ; cpa pyriform or obovate, 5-10 lin. long, sharply §-4.cornered, termi- ae ina sharp point or acuminate, smooth ; the valves almost y: Has.—Tropical forests of Tenasserim.—Fl. March.—s.—SS.—=Metam. RemarxKs.—Wood like that of the preceding species. : 3. E, calocarpus, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 609.—A shrub or tree (?), with terete branchlets, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, shortly and bluntish-acumi- nate, entire, almost coriaceous, 4-6 in. long, pale beneath ; capsules on very short glabrous peduncles or almost sessile, usually obsoletely 4-lobed = 4-valved, quite smooth, with a single red-arilled seed in eack Haz eae 4. E. Griffithii, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 611.—An evergreen shrub, with ‘comered almost. winged branches, all parts glabrous ; Mavis oe deer or oblong, 2-3 in. long, on a very short petiole or obtuse at base, almost entire or ome serrate, in the axils 0 Shorter than them ; calyx broad, nearly 2 lin. in diameter, 4-lobed ; 250 CELASTRINER. [ Microtropis. petals and stamens 4, the former about 2 = long, rotundate; ovary smooth, d and -celled. Has.—Not anneal t in the damp hill-forests of ee a hills, at ae to-7,000 ft. elevation. —Fl. March-Apr.—s.—SS.—M i 5. E. scler SC DETTAR Kz. (Glyptopetalum elec Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 613).—An evergreen tree (8—12+43 sr as ‘the branchlets terete or compressed, all parts glabrous; bark red ; leaves oblong- to elliptically lanceolate, on a 3-4 lin. long thick petiole, acuminate at both ends, 6-8 in. long, coriaceous, serrate ; flowers greenish purple, on long slender pedicels, forming lax, glabrous, itary or more usually clustered peduncled cymes in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; sepals white, broadly semi-orbicular ; petals almost concave-orbic ular, green out- side, purplish green inside ; 3 stamens 4 ; anthers sessile on the obso- le etely 4-gonous green broad disk ; stigma sessile, obsoletely 4- cornered ; capsules more or less globular or 2-lobed, the size of a see pea, very rough from scurfy fissures and warts ; lood-red. Has.—Rather foe in the Eopost forests around the Kambala in the Pega Yomah.—Fl. & Fr. §.—SS.=SiS. fe Woe white, soft, straightly and finely fibrous, close-grained. MICROTROPIS, Wall. Wwers sometimes unisexual. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent Petals 5 (rarely none), more or less erect and united at base m @ persistent ring, either free or confluent with the disk. Stamens 5. Disk annular or none. Ovary free, perfectly or imperfectly 2-3- celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. penewe coriaceous, 1-celled, leaves. Flowers Pasig in nee phe or clusters. Seeds us red, the testa often arillus-like succulen - Leaves wrinkled, ially — and more coriaceous é . MW. longifolia. Leaves smooth, of a Cymes pone tadings on an 1- Ibi in, long slender peduncle ; leaves Spa a Reet ad ah rt; the mere fegadan vtec haired very saat ars © peduncles es tin long 5 wade garcinifolia. ” 1. M. longifolia, Wall. eee evergreen shrub (?), all parts glab- rous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, on a thick 4-5 lin. long petiole, acute at base, 6-7 in. long, shortly acuminate, entire, eorla- ayes on both sides (especially above) wrinkled ; flowers in Sea mes ; peduncle 4-6 lin, long ; capsules obovate, seeds red : fie laces Octob. . Celastrus.] — CELASTRINER, 251 2. M. bivalvis, Wall. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 614.—A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute at base, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, shortly and bluntish-acuminate, 3-5 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, especially above glossy, pale beneath ; flowers small, on very short thick pedicels or almost sessile, supported by a minute bractlet, forming a small dichotomous cyme on slender 1-14 in. long, axillary or lateral peduncles; sepals coria- ceous, rotundate, with whitish borders ; petals twice as long as the sepals (or wanting?) ; capsules about 4-5 lin. long, elliptically oblong, terminated by the short style, smooth. Has.—In the tropical forests of Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.-Sept.; Fr. Octob, =a, 3. M. discolor, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 514.—An ever, shrub, about 6-8 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, on a thick 3-4 lin. long petiole, acuminate at base, entire, shortly and finely acuminate, glabrous, opaque, pale beneath, some- What coriaceous, 5-7 in. long ; flowers small, whitish, soon turning yellowish, on very short thick pedicels or almost sessile, forming dense short cymes on 2-4 lin. long thick peduncles in the axils of the leaves or more frequently laterally ; sepals coriaceous, rotun- date ; petals nearly 14 lin. long; capsules oblong, the size of a small field-bean, smooth, 2-valved, 1-seeded, the seed oval, with a thin succulent-veined scarlet testa. Has.—Rather frequent in the damp hill-forests of Martaban and Tenasserim at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s.—SS.—=Metam. CELASTRUS, L. Flowers sometimes unisexual. Calyx urceolate at base, 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted round the disk. Stamens 5, inserted on the Pp pavotsthaaacs 3 eymes short and slender, axillary. . C. See. © Cymes dichotomously branched, axillary . . . C. montanus, Raceme-ike ponte pein So a ae capsules several- : oS Raceme like panicles axillary (and terminal) ; leaves ‘elliptically ph rene “ 5 capsules 1-seeded oe Ss - « +» C, monospermus. 252 CELASTRINER. [ Celastrus. 1. C. acuminatus, Wall. (@ymnosporia acuminata, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 619.)—An evergreen shrub (?), unarmed, all parts glab- 2 minutely but rather sharply serrulate, membranous, glabrous, glau- cous-green, 2-24 in. long; flowers small, whitish, on slender pedicels, forming dichotomously branched glabrous cymes on 3-2 branchlets acute; petals about a line long ; capsules small, turbi- nate, hardly 4 or 5 lin. long, opening in 3 valves, containing in eac ell 2 small shining red seeds resting on a short white fleshy us. Has.—Burma, without locality—probably Prome. ac beneath puberulous ; flowers small, yellowish, on slender puberulous — or glabrous pedicels, forming puberulous or almost glabrous elongate raceme-like panicles at the end of. the branchlets ; ealyx-lobes Has.—Not unfrequent from Ava to Pegu, in all leaf-shedding forests, especi- ally the dry and open ones.—Fr. Sept.-Oct.—I.—SS.— petrophilous, . 4. C, monospermus, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 618.—An evergreen scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves elliptical to oblong, acute or obtuse at base, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, bluntish-acuminate, | Kurrinia. | CELASTRINES. 253 cherry, 3-lobed-oblong, stylose-acuminate, smooth, 3-valved, con- taining a single seed entirely covered with an orange-coloured pulpy arillus. Has.—Ava hills.—Fr, March. KURRIMIA, Wall. Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes recurved. Petals 5. Stamens 5, in- serted with the petals under the margin of the fleshy Feige disk ; : ; : at i 3 2, filiform, twisted. Capsule 1- or 2-celled, entire or 2-lobed, slowly and-follicle-like opening into 1 or 2 valves, 1-2-seeded. Seeds erect, enclosed in a fleshy arillus. Albumen plenty, fleshy.—Trees with simple leaves, faintly and elegantly transversely veined between the nerves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers small, in axillary simple or compound racemes. _ Racemes simple ; capsules ovoid-oblong, entire’. . . K. robusta.. Racemes panicled Elegies Sided ae the ane wile et Te geeiondata, I. K. robusta, Kz. (K. pulcherrima, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 622) —Kway-douk.—An evergreen tree (60—70+30—40 Sol Tacemes either solitary or by 2-3 in the axils of the leaves and muc shorter than them ; calyx-lobes oblong; petals oblong, spreading : capsules ovoid-oblong, terete or nearly so, shortly and bluntish acuminate, an in. long or somewhat shorter or longer, my han opening on one side only or into 2 valves, containing - Slossy-black seeds completely enveloped in a bright yellow, after- Wards orange-coloured arillus. _Yomah, but Fecauedtt in pric of Martaban oe Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.— 7 I Feb. ; Fr. Apr-Aug.—s. REMARKs.—Wood brown, heavy, fibrous and close-grained, brittle. _ BK, paniculata, Wall, is said to occur in Tenasserim. 254 ss CELASTRINES. [ Siphonodon. — orny.—Trees with alternate leaves. Stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers rather small, in axillary poor umbels. 1. §. celastrinus, Griff.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 629.—WMyouk-opshit. | —An evergreen tree (30—50+20—25+3—4), all parts glabrous; 4 bark dark-grey, brittle, granular, rough from transverse short 4 corky lenticels; cut dry, granular ; leaves oblong or elliptically — | oblong, acute at the base, shortly petioled, acuminate, 5-6 in. long, al crenate-serrate, chartaceous, glossy above, glabrous; flowers about 4-5 lin. in diameter, yellowish, on 2 lin. long thick pedicels, either by minute bractlets ; berries the shape and size of a sma citron, elliptically obovoid to pyriform, on a eylindrical 4-6 lin. long peduncle, the pyrenes surrounded by the granular hard reddish- yellow endocarp. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban.—Fr. Jan.-May.—s.—SS,—Metam. SiS. Remarxs.-—Wood pale yellowish, heavy, of a coarse unequal fibre, hard and rather brittle, LOPHOPETALUM, Wight. celled, opening loculicidally into 3 valves. Seeds imbricate, broadly and elongate winged all round. Albumen none.—Trees with oppo site leaves. Stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers small, in terminal and axillary corymb-like panicles or cymes, * Petals fringedly crested on the upperside . , . ZL. fimbriatum. ae te Pi entire. Petioles an in. long or longer ; panicles white, quite glabrous, stiff oe and short; petals1jlin.long . . . . . . Ey Wallichii. As former, but panicles large and slenderly branched ; flowers half as : * . * * * * . . . * . Petioles 3-4 lin. long; panicles while young fugaceousl rusty- : Wanbuiote «yy =e : a ’, . L. floribundum. Lophopetalum.] CELASTRINEE. 255 led cymes in the axils of the leaves; disk 5-lobed; petals obovate, narrowed at the base, long and elegantly fringed round the mar- gins of the disk-lobes. Hazp.—Martaban and Tenasserim.—Fl. March. 2. L, Wallichii, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 615.—Mong-taing.—A tree (50—70 + 30—40 + 6—8), shedding leaves during H.S., all parts glabrous; bark about 3 in. thick, rather smooth, grey, soft; cut dark-red ; leaves from elliptically to oval-oblong, on a 3-1} in. long petiole, rounded at the base, 4-6 in. long, blunt to acute, entire, glaucous-green, glossy above ; flowers about 2-24 lin. in diameter, on 1-14 lin. long white pedicels, forming rigid greenish-white quite glabrous panicles in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; petals greenish white, rotundate, naked and entire, in a ied state corrugate inside ; disk large, fleshy, yellow, smooth, in a dried state wrinkled, the 5 deflexed stamens inserted on the same; ovary blood-red or crimson ; capsules about 4 in. long or somewhat longer by 2 broad, 3-lobed and 3-valved, the valves smooth 3 seeds compressed, imbricate (including the wing), 2-2} in. long, oblong, completely surrounded by the membranous wing. -—Common in the open, and more especially in the Eng forests all over = and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl, Jan.-March; Fr. March-Apr.—l. —=Lat. Dil. Metam. Remarxs.—W, ale, turning pale-brown, finely and rather loose-grained, hard, rather Hight the pe rings a narrow, Se oe brown. Recom- mended for furniture.—W= 1! 33-38; break weight—121 pd. 8. L. littorale, Kz. (Kokoona littoralis, Laws. in Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 617).—Mong-taing.— An. evergreen tree (40—60+15—25 : phitish, on slender about a line long pedicels, brachiate-cymose and somming rather large slenderly peduncled and branched glabrous _ panicles in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the Sn Sea Ne ara RE aed REE Reta a 256 CELASTRINER. [ H ippoeratea, Has.—In low lands inundated during R.S. of the Pazwoondoung river of Pegu ; in Upper Tenasserim apparently frequent.—Fl, Feb.-March ; Fr. March- April--l.--SS.—All., Arg. 4. L. floribundum, Wight. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 616.—An ever- green tree, about 35 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, acute at the base, 3-4 in. long, acuminate or acute, somewhat waved, glabrous, coriaceous, — glaucous-green and almost opaque above, somewhat glossy beneath, the nerves rather prominent ; flowers nearly 3 lin. in diameter, on 3-1 lin. long rusty-villous glabrescent pedicels, forming very fuga-— ceously rusty-tomentose, slender, axillary and terminal panicles at the end of the branchlets ; sepals and petals rotundate, the latter about a line Jong, naked and entire. Has.—South Tenasserim, in dense forests.—Fl. Decb. HIPPOCRATEA, L. Calyx small, 5-parted. Petals 5, valvate or imbricate. Stamens - 5 (usually 2 or 3 of them reduced), the filaments recurved or — reflexed ; anthers didymous, 2-4-celled, opening outwardly. Disk conical, cup-shaped, or broadly explanate. Ovary free or confluent with the disk, 3-celled, each cell with 2-4 biseriate ovules att: to the axis. Ripe carpels 3, united at the base, compressed, opeD- ing into 2 valves or indehiscent, few-seeded. Seeds comp ? usually winged at the lower end. Albumen none.—Little trees oF shrubs, usually scandent, with opposite leaves. Stipules small, deci duous. Flowers small, in axillary panicles or cymes. * Petals imbricate in bud. Petals hardly $ lin. long; sepals whitish marginate; leaves glau- cous-green ; i . . x : ; ‘ . H, Indica. Petals about a line long ; sepals erose-ciliolate ; leaves blackish in bikes Peep es ey eo ar ies i * * Petals valvate in bud, Calyx minute, puberulous ; stamens 3 . : ee ‘i . H. macrantha. 1. H. Indica, Willd. ; Hf, Ind. Fl. i. 624; Brand. For. Fi. 83. carpels 3, or fewer by abortion, flat, elliptically-oblong, blunt, abo bout o 2 in. long, striate, each containing 2 long-winged seeds. “ . Hap.—In the open forests of rare.—Fl, Peooa oe ae 0 Toukyeghat in Martaban, rather oe Salacia. | CELASTRINER. ; 257 __ &. H. fuscescens, Kz.—A scandent shrub ? all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, acute at the base, on a 4-5 lin, long thick petiole, shortly acuminate, 24-3 in long, coriaceous, obsoletely crenate-serrate, glabrous, glossy above, turning blackish or dark-brown in drying ; flowers about 2 lin. in diameter, on 1-1] .~ lin. long pedicels, cymose, forming glabrous shortly peduncled or already from the base branched panicles in the axils of the leaves and iaiwhnt shorter than them ; sepals minutely erose-ciliate ; petals obovate-oblong, concave, narrowed towards the base, about a ong, imbricate in bud ; anthers 3, on very short reflexed fila- ments arising from the raised disk, — -—Tenasserim. 3 Hm Santee, Korth.—A scandent shrub, the branchlets marked wi 4 decurrent lines, all parts glabrous ; ‘leaves oblong or elliptically ioe obtuse or almost rounded at the base, on a 4-5 ft lin. long petiole, apiculate or shortly and bluntish acuminate, more or less bluntish crenate-serrate, almost coriaceous, 3-5 in. long, glabrous ; flowers about 3-4 lin. in re geren on 2-3 lin. long thick s 3; 3 8, or fewer by iy about 3-4 in. long, dra-ia flat, blunt, each containing 4-3 long-winged _ ’TOWNR compressed seeds. Has. a forests of Chittagong; Tenasserim.—Fr. H.S. a ee ee C. 3 (very rarely 2 or 4), inserted in the disk near the ovary, free or united with ¢ he ovary ; filaments conniving and recurved at the *pex ; anthers small, the cells distinct or ee deidiainig longi- tudinally or transversely. Disk thick, conical or explanate. Immersed in the disk, 3-celled, each cell with. 2 or more ovules ; none, Piovvern g atall, sltary, 0 or few or shore, commo: nly in a clusters or cymes, rarely panicles. Binh te peduncled and ae branched, id, annals short. B H pedicels — og an lin. ee. serel not ciliate . 8. longifolia. ines ; eels . 4 fn. long, slender, eee vga pinged Specs rusty _-bracted ends of branchings ; sepals ciliate =e. tortuosa, .: RRB 3 CELASTRINE. : { Salacia. x X Cymes penis, i. bi the pedicels arising directly from a tubercle O Petals gout 3. “4 5 long; pedicels 2-3 lin. — pe S. grandiflora. O © Petals less than 2 lin. long; filaments very s complana: + Leaves tarnixi ing brown or blackish in drying Branchlets dark-brown, densely corky- so oem cera sities . S. verrucosa. Branchlets pale coloured, s sparingly lenticellate ; leaves serrate . 8S. Rowburghii. ~ +t 7 5 a ga a or ‘oilcania: , ying. : + Berries by wesine 1- see and l-seeded . 8. prinoides. + ies several-seed Leaves lanceolate ; —— 1-13 Ts. long. . S. flavescens. Leaves orate lanceolate ; ~— els numerous, longer than the . 8. multiflora. * sole Sedencied, waite abort. oe 1. S. longifolia, Wall. (8. floribunda, Wight; Hf. Ind. Fl. 4, i. 629).—A large scandent shrub, the bra nehlets terete or slightly deoapteieat: minutely tubercled, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the base, on | _ a 5-6 lin. long petiole, apiculate or bluntish acuminate, 4-5 in. , almost coriaceous, mi more or less_serrate-toothed, glabrous, | glossy, earner aia: Me in drying; eymes as long or much longer than the petioles, on } an in. long pediniche einen: once oF usually twice dichotomous; flowers small, greenish, on 6-8 8 lin. long thick pedicels, at base subtended by broad minute bractlets; sepals rotundate, small, entire; petals sessile, rotundate, about $ lo anthers 3, on very short dilated reflexed filaments; ; berries obovoid or almost globose, the size of a cherry, smooth, 2 celled and 2 ed. ce Wunaitia: —Fr. Jan. 2. S. tortuosa, Griff.—A large scandent shrub, all parts gb rous, the branches autnd and minutely lenticellate, the branchlets a 3- of binoieah and Ke Gat secikie: * Koletely ae char- taceous, glabrous, turning brownish in drying; cymes short and stiff, on a 3-4 lin. long peduncle, the dichotomous branchings MU0™ — shortened and terminating in a dense head of rusty-coloured much- fringed bractlets from among which the terete 4-6 lin. long” ! ha sepals much imbricate and almost erect, more or less 4 fringed ; petals about 3 lin. long, oblong, bluntish; stamens 3 oneal broad ; filaments short, straight, terete; ovary set, the cells 2-ovuled. * aE Jan.-March. * %& Oymes sessile, i.e., the pedicels arising directly ee . tubercle or wart, Salacia. ] CELASTRINER. 259 long ; petals sessile, rotundate, about 3-4 lin. long; stamens 3, inserted inside the disk; anthers on very short dilated and reflexed filaments ; ovary smooth ; style short. Has.—Tenasserim. S. verrucosa, Wight. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 628.—A large scand- std, e ent shrub, all parts glabrous, the branches rarely terete or obscurel -angular and (along with the more or less compressed branchlets) above, turning brownish in drying ; flowers numerous, small, on slender about 6-7 lin. long pedicels arising from axillary or lateral buliet, with a thick coriaceous skin as in S. Roxburghii, 3-celled, with a single large seed in each cell. Jan Wee tequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim.—Fl. ‘an.-March ; Fr, Apr.—s : 1—SS.—Metam. 5. §, poxburghii, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 627.—A lofty woody us, ol above, turning brown or blackish in drying ; ened wah or of a deep greenish- 260 CELASTRINEXZ. [ Salacia. . Has.—Not —— in the te: cesenk of Martaban and Tenasserim ; also Chittagong $8.—=Met REMARKS. Wood reddish, the annual rings ele . S: prinoides, DC. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 626.—A straggling small ess or rather large half-scandent shrub, all parts glabrous, the branchlets smooth, grey, more or less 4-cornered ; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, : acute at the base, on a slender petiole 4-5 lin. long, shortly and bluntish acuminate, about 1}-3 in. long, crenate- serrate, coriaceous, glossy above, turning gl t in drying; flowers small, dull yellowish green, on 4-6 lin. long rather sake radiate several together arising from an axillary tubercle @; calyx-lobes rotundate, more or less puberulous along the borders; petals about a line long, broadly obovate or almost rotundate, contracted in a short claw, waved or almost entire ; anthers 3, on short but slender terete fila- ments arising from the inner margin of the cup-shaped fleshy disk — which almost completely encloses the 3-celled ovary already before ——— on ; ; rries globose or nearly so, the size of a small cherry, red, glossy, with a thin aie sappy, by abortion 1-celled a. — PPYs J. ee =" 4 emailed Has arte, in the tidal forests all along the mets ee Brace. and Pegu down to Tenasserim and the Andamans. “TL Jan vescens, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 625. sie scandent — ish in - drying ; owers minute, white, on 1-2 lin. arising from minutely bracted tubercles in the axils of: the ee or laterally ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, bluntish ; petals }- lin. long, eee blunt; anthers 3, on very short dil lated filaments; ovary smoot. Has.—Tenasserim, 8. S, multiflora, Wight. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 627.— ica ae rous ; leaves broadly evate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, slightly acuminate and blunt at the apex, coriaceous, oe entire, with the margins slightly revolute, 8-10 in. long by 4 broad, turning green in drying; pedi cels numerous, from axillary tubercles, ba ny petioles ; calyx deeply 5-cleft ; petals orbicular ; an : transversely across the apex of the filament and bial: ovules about 8 in each cell, in 2 collateral rows RHAMNACESR:~ 261 RHAMNACEZ. of the fruit, the endocarp separatin y i as cells, or forming a woody or bony 2-4-celled stone. Seeds solitary, erect, n Albumen fleshy or almost horny, rarely wanting.— minal compound cymes, racemes, or panicles. A well-marked family, easily recognised from the allies by the stamens opposite the petals, from Ampelidee by the drupaceons or capsular (never berried) fruit, the seed, and generally by the habit. The fruits of some Rhamni are violently purgative, while others yield good dyes, and those of some species of Zizyphus are ee — Only few of the species yield timber, which is only sm: Drupe containing a solid 1-3-celled putamen. Ovary supe- rior or half superior. . Drupe 1-celled and 1-seeded ; leaves penninerved. © Nut produced in a long terminal wing, indehis- 6 cent : : - Fentilago, i : é : = &) N ut wi less. Nut indehiscent, nearly entirely enclosed in the enlarged adnate os calyx-tube , F ¢ é . . é . é . Apteron. ‘Capsule lanceolate or urn-shaped, 2-valved ¢ . Smythea. Ss X X Drupes with a 1-3-celled putamen. Sees Palmately 3-5-nerved . 8. + phus. “eaves penninery Berchemia. * %& Fruit dry or drupaceous, cont. inkag 3. (rarely 2-4) Fm hiscent or 2-valved cocci O Fruit not winged, terete or nearly so. so. a é . . Sagereiia. x lt ; 'y confluent with the disk Colubrina. O O Fruit usually 3-winged or 3-cornered; flowers : spicate-racemose; leaves alternate . . Gouania. 4 262 RHAMNACER. [ Ventilago. VENTILAGO, Gaertn. ) * Fruiting calyx very short, surrounding only the very base | V. Maderaspata- of the nut; inflorescence tomentose . . - na. * * Fruiting calyx adnate to the middle of the nut, and form- ; ing here a prominent ring. Flowers racemose-panicled, like the whole inflorescence tomentose ; fruits shortly, but densely puberulous. . ‘ ‘ * Flowers - glabrous, in axillary clusters, forming terminal, leafy, glabrous racemes ; fruits quite glabrous and glossy ; calyx-ring at the middle of the nut; nut 3 lin. thick, the wing rounded . V. leiocarpa. former, but nut nearly 3 in. thick, the calyx-ring basal, the shortly acuminate - « ete F. calyculata. . fe wa V, Maingag. 1. V. Maderaspatana, Gaertn. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 631; Brand. For. Fl. 96.—A scandent shrub, thinly and shortly puberulous or glabrescent ; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on short but slender puberulous petioles, bluntish and shortly acuminate, coarsely but obsoletely crenate-serrate, almost coriaceous, 1-2} in. long; owers minute, greenish, on slender puberulous pedicels, in short clusters arranged into racemes forming shortly tomentose term panicles ; calyx about 14 lin. in diameter; nuts the size and shape of a pea, at the base surrounded by the comparatively short calyx, shortly puberulous, terminating in an elliptically oblong 1m. long wing. Has.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein down to Mergui. EF 2. V. calyculata, Tul. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 631; Brand. For. Fl 96.—A large climbing shrub, remaining low and shrubby indry =) situations, all younger parts pubescent or tomentose, the stems@S | thick as the arm; bark 1-2 lin. thick, reddish and olive-green, net veined, slightly fissured; cut greenish; leaves ovate-oblong °F oblong, shorter or longer petioled, about 3-4 in. long, Shot . inate, crenate-serrate, tomentose while young, more oF nt on both sides ; flowers greenish, tomentose, eer é -2 li i greyish 0 es a tawny tomentose leafless panicles ; calyx about 2 lin. in mre : petals cuneate, crenulate at the blunt apex ; nuts globular, the siz Apteron. } RHAMNACER. 263 of a pea, to about its middle surrounded by the adnate calyx and there marked by a prominent ring (indicating the remains of the ealyx-limb), shortly yellowish puberulous, at the top prolonged in a flat, linear-oblong, coriaceous, blunt or almost retuse wing of about 1-14 in. in length. Has.— Not unfrequent in the open, especially the Eng forests, and in the dry forests of Prome, Pegu, and Martaban ; also in Ava.—Fl. Nov.; Fr. March-Apr.— 1. or s: L—SS =petrophilous imperm. Remarxs.—Wood coarse, fibrous, yellowish or brownish yellow, rather heavy, perishable. lanceolate almost sre a glossy blunt wing of about 2 m. im length. Has.—Tenasserim. _ 4. V. Maingayi, Laws. in Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 631.—An evergreen climbing shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong, blunt or almost notched, 4-7 in. long, shortly petioled, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, with about 10 lateral nerves on eact side; flowers in long, filiform, simple or compound racemes ; fruits glabrous and almost polished; the nut globular, nearly 3 in. in diameter, blackish, the calyx forming a large basal adnate disk, the Wing 2-23 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate. : Has.—Tenasserim. APTERON, Kz. _ Calyx 5-cleft, with a short obversely conical tube. Petals 5, , inserted between the calyx-lobes. Stamens 5, the filaments in, and adnate to, the enlarged calyx, crowned by - limb, not winged, 1-celled and Fi Seas shrubs, with al penninerved leaves. Flowers small, clustered, forming racemose panicles, 1. A. lanceolatum, Kz.; H-f. Ind. Fi. i. 643.—A large scan- 264 RHAMNACER. [ Smythea. dent shrub, the young shoots puberulous; leaves lanceolate, on a thick, puberulous and glabrescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, long and untish acuminate, serrate, chartaceous, 4-5 in. long, tawny puber- ulous on the nerves, soon glabrous; flowers small, on a line long puberulous pedicels, clustered or almost solitary, in racemes forming terminal and axillary greyish or yellowish pubescent panicles; calyx densely or slightly puberulous, about 14-2 lin. in diameter; ovary _ pubescent ; nuts (drupaceous(?), globular, unripe the size of a pepper- kernel, enclosed in the glabrescent enlarged calyx to nearly to the apex, and there surrounded by the remains of the calyx-limb. Has.—In the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah | (Yainoay chg.) and Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr. ; Fr. March-Apr. SMYTHEA, Seem. rather flat. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled ; styles 2, recurved. Cap- sas umen none.—Scandent shrubs, with alternate penni- — leaves. Flowers small, clustered, racemose, forming pani- cles. 1. S. calpi » Kz.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 632.—A scandent ever- green shrub, the branchlets tawny pilose; leaves lanceolate,on® thick, more or less pilose petiole 4-1 lin. long, acuminate, serrate, - chartaceous, 4-33 in. long, pilose along the midrib beneath, the 4 rest glabrous ; capsules (unripe) 1} in. long, oblong, obliquely trun- cate at the top, densely tawny puberulous, coriaceous. Has.—Tenasserim (or Andamans ?), BERCHEMIA, Neck. Calyx 5-cleft, the tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5, the filaments filiform. Disk filling the calyx- tube, the margins free. ary immersed in the disk, free, 9-celled, narrowed i base terminal and axillary panicles. : __ 1. B. floribunda, Brongn. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 637; Brand. For. — _ FL 91.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves ellipti- cally to oblong-ovate, on a slender }-1 in. long petiole, rounded at — the base, 14-3 in. long, shortly and abruptly acuminate, ¢ sestin Zizyphus. | RHAMNACER. 265 - entire, glabrous, glaucescent stag rs lateral nerves numer- ous and parallel ; upper leaves and at the end of the Facets cal labrous, about 2 lin. across ; drupes poms , slightly compressed, about $ im. long or somewhat longer, bluish- black, smooth or pruinous, containing a woody 2-celled apt en. 4 Has.—Ava, Khakyen hills.—Fl. Aug: ZIZYPHUS, Juss. Calyx 5-lobed, the tube broadly obversely conical. Petals 5 fat, ft none), hooded. Stamens 5, the filaments subulate. Disk Ibamen none oF canty.—Trees or “ aheate Sone climbing, armed with stipular sharp prickles. Leaves alternate, often oblique, palmately 3- or 5-nerved. Flowers small, in axillary cymes, some- © times panicled. " X Leaves beneath more or less pubescent or tomentose. (e) es long- —o forming large terminal and lateral tomentose panicles; leaves large, semaly tomsy. : ene beneath . Z. rugosa. Oo short t cymes or clusters Climber or iteigtiine shrub ; ee usually acuminate ; | drupes ~~ size of a small pea or pepper-kernel ; putamen on Hed * - Z. enoplia, or erect shrub ; leaves usually plunt ; rapes the size of a cherry ; pu mtamen 2-celled « 2 jujuba. X & Leaves quite glabrous or nearly 80 ; drapes while young mtose or pubescent 1. Z. rugosa, Lamk. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 636; Beda. ie Madr. os Brand. For. Fl. 89. —Myouk-cce. —A tree (20—30 4+ 8—18+ —3), armed with recurved, , but strong stipular prickles focnalt solitary by abortion), sedginn leaves in H.S., all younger parts densely tawny tomentose; leaves ovate or oesteobtianke rounded or obtuse at the more or less oblique 3-or 5-nerved base, on a 3-6 lin. long, thick, tomentose petiole, 5-6 in. long, acute, serrulate, almost coriaceous, densely tawny villous beneath ; flowers small, F presen) an —_ into tomentose a at the 266 RHAMNACER. [ Zizyphus. : Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Tenas- serim, in all leaf-shedding forests, more especially in the open forests, but rare in the alluvium.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May.—l.—SS.= o. ; 2. Z. jujuba, Lamk.; H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 632; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 149; Brand. For. Fl. 86, t. 17.—Zee-pen.—A leaf-shedding or + Haxs.—In leaf-shedding forests, especially in the dry and savannah forests, common in Prome and Ava, less so over the other provinces ; also frequently renee in and around villages.—Fl. Aug.-Sept. ; aa Octob.-Jan.—l.— SS. = 2 CaS. Remarxs. —Sap-wood yellowish, heart-wood dark-brown, fine and close- grained, strong and hard. Good for cabinet-work. Gives good charcoal. Bark good for tanning. Lae is found on it. 3. Z. enoplia, Mill. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 634; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 69; Brand. For. Fl. 86.—Taw-zee-nway.—A large often lofty with sharp but short solit: of straight, the other curved), all softer parts more or densely appressed pu nm usually ue, Sageretia. ] RHAMNACER. 267 almost globular, the size of a small pea or pepper-kernel, black, smooth, edible, containing a 2- or by abortion often 1-celled thin wrinkled nut. —Very frequent in all forests, evergreen as well as leaf-shedding, also in savannahs, shrubberies, &e., all over Burma and adjacent provinces down to the Andamans.—Fl. Sept.-Octob. ; Fr. C. S—s: 1. and L—SS.= o, Hab.—Frequent in the tropical forests from Chittagong and Ava down to — im and the Andamans.—Fl. Febr.-March ; Fr. Apr.—s: L- SS.= philous. SAGERETIA, Brongn. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, the tube hemispherical or urceolate. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5. Disk cup-shaped, mersed in the disk, free, 3-celled ; style short, with 3 stigmas. Drupe containing 3 indehiscent coriaceous pyrenes. Albumen thin. —Unarmed or spinose shrubs, with opposite or almost opposite penninerved leaves. Stipules minute, deciduous. Flowers F Mm axillary spikes or clusters, or panicled. 1. §. theezans, Brongn.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 641 ; Brand. For. 1. 95.—An unarmed or slightly armed shrub, the young shoots sightly tawny pubescent ; leaves elliptical to oval-oblong, rounded or obtuse at the base, on a slender puberulous petiole 2-3 lin. long, ‘unt or rounded at apex, 4-14 in. long, entire, membranous, while young slightly hirsute along the midrib beneath, soon quite glab- rous, pale beneath ; flowers small, sessile, in short small axillary Spikes ; calyx minute ; petals glabrous, } lin. long. . 268 RHAMNACER, [ Seutia. SCUTIA, Comm. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, the tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, flat or hooded. Disk filling the calyx- tube, the margins free and waved. Stamens 5. Ovary immersed in the disk, free, 2-4-celled ; style short, 2-3-cleft. Drupes dry or fleshy, containing 2-4 crustaceous pyrenes. Albumen none or scanty.—Spiny or unarmed shrubs, with opposite or almost opposite penninerved leaves. Flowers axillary, in clusters or small um- bellets. pea, smooth. Has.—Upper Tenasserim, along the Attaran. COLUBRINA, L. C. Rich. calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk and confluent with the same, 3-celled, the style short, 3-cleft or 3-parted. Drupe obso- ge te letely 3-lobed, up to near } surrounded by the calyx-tube, contam- ing 3 cocci often capsule-like separating and loculicidally dehiscing. Albumen fleshy, but thin—Scandent or erect shrubs, with alter- nate penninerved leaves 3-nerved at base. Stipules small, deci- duous. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or clusters. ’ Leaves and cymes glabrous . i wees j oe 0. Astatios. Cymes and leaves (at least beneath) tawny pubescent . - C. pubescens. 1. C, Asiatica, Brongn. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. i, 642; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 69, t. 10, f. 5.—Kuay-nway.—A large unarmed spreading shrub, often scandent, all parts glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate- FCO Ee Se ie aay RES ee an coe ea Oe ee NS Gouania.| -RHAMNACER. 269 Has.—Frequent in the beach- and coast-forests along the sea-shores — Arracan down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Febr ; Fr. March-Apr aga = Aren. All. 2. C. pubescens, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 642.—A large leaf-shed- ding scandent shrub, unarmed, all younger parts densely tawn pubescent ; leaves as in preceding, but densely tawny pubescent ; while young, glabrescent above; flowers small, greenish, on slender, z a line long, pubescent pedicels, ‘forming short, thick, tawny pubes- cent cymes in the axils of the leaves ; drupes smaller than those of the gy species. Has.—Frequent in me open, especially the low forests (and entering also the tpi ot all ov —— and Marta ban .—Fl. March; Fr. Apr.-May.— ieislecs GOUANIA, L. Flowers polygamous. Colyx 5-lobed, oe tube short, obversely - conical, adhering to the ovary. Petals 5, hooded. Stamens 5, Disk filling the calyx-tube, 5-angular or produced into 5 horns. Ovary aaa in the disk, 3- celled ; A ts 3-parted or 3-cleft. 3-nerved at the base. Stipules oblong, deciduous. Flowers small, | in axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, the rachis often transform- : ed into a tendril. Leaves, etc., glabrous or nearly so, the former crenate-serrate; disk glabrous, 5- peo capsules eabins e. 5 lin. long G. leptostachya. All softer parts rusty-tomen foes leaves entire; se 3- ais long, puberulous, glabrescen * . G. Brandisii. 1. G, leptostachya, DC; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 643.—Za-yaw-nyo- -—A large scandent tendril-bearing shrub, the young shoots slightly Poleacent the stems about 2 in. thick ; bark grey, spongy, tortuously fissured ; leaves — or oblong-cordate, on a long slender petiole, about 3-4 in. n. long, acuminate, coarsely crenate- Serrate, glabrous or ipatingly sprinkled with short appressed hairs ingle the nerves beneath ; Bowers small, yello — on short spar- spreading n notched horns ; dru onpented r, coriaceous, ace pero . eee » glabrous, 3 rated, containing 3 ae seeds. aa in the mixed forests and in shrubberies around and 6 tieameal t Burma down to Tonasserim—I.—Fl. reload OE Sons: 270 : AMPELIDER. | [ Vites. ®. @. Brandisii, Hassk.—A large woody tendril-bearing climb- er, all softer parts densely rusty-tomentose or villous ; leaves cordate-ovate, on a more or less tomentose 3 lin. to nearly an inch long petiole, 23-34 in. long, acute or acuminate, quite entire, shortly pubescent above, densely tawny (on the nerves rusty) HaB.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim.— Pr. Febr.-March.—s : ].—SS.= Metam. AMPELIDEA. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx entire or 4-5-toothed. tals 4 or 5, free or co ering, valvate. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite to the petals, inserted outside of the disk. Disk ~ free or adnate 2 cognised by the more developed petals, the berry-like fruits, and general habit. The grape is too well known to need further remarks, but the rest of vines are of little or no importance to the forester. Many of these climb the loftiest trees with their tow- shaped stems and form part of the so-called lianes of tropical forests. I have given all the species in the following analytical keys, but describe only such of them as are woody to a certam degree. Stamens free; tendril-bearing climbers Ses Gey ee Vitis. Petals and stamens united with the disk; erect shrubs or trees. Leea. : , VITIS, L. ae Calyx entire or'lobed. Petals 4 or 5, free or cohering with their ‘Ups... i olete. Stamens 4 or 5, free. Ovary 2 i rry 1-2-celled.— with simple or com- posed inflores- Vitis. | AMPELIDES. 271 — * sigpetss: én leaf-opposed or axillary cymes. tyre or stigma 4-lobed or 4-parted. Stigma ait 4-lobed or 4-parted. Flow some esc sen es sexu sae Cymes axillary, rarely leaf. mpou ce All parts aihnios ~ (rt the acti na often puberulous) ; leaves p ate or the upper ones often 3- *3-foliolate, ping coria- ceous; berries t thes size of a chnee white ; stem usually tuber- cled V. lanceolaria, All parts and ‘the very ‘short cymes glab rous ; leaves 3. 3 foliolate, sappy- ~~ eOUS ; a: short, cymulose pea- shaped, white V. angustifolia, All parts glabrous ; leaves pedate, herbaceous ; pedicels 2-3 jie: long, Suibeliati berries blackish « V. capreolata. Young shoots and petioles rusty-hirsute ; leaves ‘digitate ; rest as above . V. obtecta. ‘ i ‘ Style short, 4-lobed at apex, the lobes spreading, Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite. Hermaphrodite ; leaves coriaceous, 3-foliolate ‘ . « V. assimilis. Flowers unisexual’ ; leaves membranous, 3-foliolate x Z » V. oxyphylla. x X Style ae — simple. Lea ariously compound. _ caauice x , long-pedun All parts REA ig peng On ; ae cage eg acuminate V. pedata. Leaflets cuneate-obovate, rather blunt or acute, slightly acacia nt along the nerves beneath. V. tenuifolia. + t Cymes leaf- opposed and spuriously exillary t. @.y ad Se na the end of an axillary leaved or oo. oe Saver along the nerves beneath net . = Ps ch ota All nai Seascly puberuons or pubescen “ . Vi Teysm i 3- posses +. All parts sorts puberulous es axillary or on axillary shoots, a. puberulou V. trifolia. All parts glabrous, the cymes ; leaf-opposed, glabrous ; lonves gla cous . V. Himalayana, eer Leaves digitate. All parts puberul Eas; cymes axillary or terminal on axillary shoots ; leaflets 14-2 in. long . V. auriculata. glabrous; leafiets aes in, eae herbaceous 5 cymes puberu- ee Te te ES ag ts 6 oy tO aS es glo! . FV. erythroclada, iene pt heorinn jeaflets 4 4-6 in. long, coriaceous ; ; cymes puberu- , : lous, very slender ; berries coffee- -bean-shaped and somewhat curved a . . V. campylocarpa, times almost Raton ar and eatin untish crena ate ; cymes sim panty pisos 3 aay aga &. Branchlets s 6-c me ie = bristly serrate, herbaceons ; abs Meo i Jed or sessile Z V.. diseolor. Branchlets bluntish 5. b S-angolar, “thick and plosy leaves remotely bristly toothed, long-petioled . VF. pentagona. + t Branches and branchlets terete or nearly : ; berries often nodding. : Branchlets terete, whitish pruinous; all parte glabrous «0. repens. 272 AMPELIDEA. [ Vitis. All parts, especially while young, rusty or tawny tomentose or pubescent, more or less eiabe escent; leaves i arply acuminate, never lob : v. adnata. All younger parts rusty-tomentose or Severs nt, lab —— —_ often — 3-lobed, bluntish acum r Linne i. As former, but j V. Wallichii. 2k ok Flowers becte or pace in “cymose panicles, revenie, more usually the one or both tendril- vali? en in @ panicle, Flowers pedi Branchléts pedun a and ‘sly the petioles covered with a wool- m intermixed with black, spreading, sift | Sey . V. barbata. Branchlets glabrous; cymose pani nicles “ample, glabrous, with or without tendrils ; pedicels thick, nearly a line long ; a 3-5-lobed, the lobes usually acute . V. latifolia. Branchlets, etc., od ~ es lobed or —rekaele lobed ; panicles uly en t c sh ate very seas and thic V. tomentosa. Branchlets, etc., oom apa ae woolly beneath, vad or or alightly 3 panicles usually tendril-beari oolly. large and lax ; icels 1 lin. long, st aman V. lanata. X X Flowers sessile, in er women y Inlat, Leaves pedately 5-fol , etc rusty- tomentose. Z ¥ Fi Helferi. All parts quite glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, digitate ; flowers spi- cate, forming very long, glabrous panicles . V. polystachya. * Flowers in leaf-opposed or axillary cymes. * ed or stigma 4-lobed or 4-parted. 1. V. lanceolaria, Wall.; H.f. Ind Fl. i. 660; Brand. For. Fl. ot aie yee-nee-nwa ‘Seg kyee-chee-nway. —A la oody eve ample, axillary or rarely almost Sk opie bracted, eo _ branched ; flowers dioecious, small, greenish white, on shorter oF a puberulous pedicels; flower-buds 4-horned ; calyx ries ihe or ee ee the size “ee a «Bo gloss _ watery flesh-colour or white, containing 1-4 seeds nearly 4 line am 2 a in the tropical: forests all over Martaban and Tenasserim down to the Andamans ; also the eastern slopes of the P Tanah RECA, Ye desi St, nee Tomek AMPELIDER. 273 itis. ] 2. V. assimilis, Kz—A glabrous woody climber with terete tubercled branches ; leaves constantly 3-foliolate, on a 1-14 in. long petiole ; leaflets on very short thick petiolules up to a lin. long, oblong-lanceolate (the lateral ones oblique and rounded at the one side of the unequal base), 3-4 in. long, acute, crenate-toothed, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers small, greenish-white, hermaphrodite, on a line long, thick, densely tawny puberulous pedicels, forming short-peduncled usually nodding much-branched puberulous cymes in the axils of the leaves; petals 4; ovary narrowed in a short thick style terminated by 4 short spreading lobes. Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hil! forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, at 3,500 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s —=Metam. xx Style and stigma simple. V. pedata, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 661.—A woody climber rous or liform ; berries depressed-globose, about the size obseurely 4-lobed, smooth, white, 4-seeded. Haz.—Frequent in the mixed forests, in hedges and amongst shrubberies, all > nm over Burma down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Begin. of R.S.—lxs.— SS.= oo, disk large, 4-lobed ; stamens 4; the filaments slender ; style simple, fi of a large pea, 4. V. Himalayana, Brand. For. Fl. 100; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 655.—A glabrous woody climber with terete lenticellate branchlets; — Y 3 flowers small, greenis! = see short thick pedicels, forming glabrous peduncled dicho- 10 >? - ee ate with a very short simple style thickened at the apex; berries the size of a small pea, smooth, 1-2-seeded. 2 ; s 274 AMPELIDER. [ Vitis. Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill forests of the Meriter hills, east of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s.—SS.=Metam. 5. V. auriculata, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 658.—Yin-noung- peing-nway.—A large woody Eeadaitoencings ‘climber, all parts pubescent, the stem about 14 ft. in girth, terete; bark spongy and deeply cracked ; tendrils 2-3-cleft; leaves digtataly 5- rarely 3- foliolate, on a "2-3 in. long petiole, densely pubescent ; leaflets obovate- oblong, more or less rhomboid, rather shortly petioluled, about ong, narrowed at the ‘base, acute or acuminate, strong puberulous pedicels, cymulose, forming a long-peduncled densely puberulous corymbose cyme at the end of the young axillary — shoots; calyx short, truncate, puberulous; petals and stamens 4; style simple, subulate ; hortieg almost globular, the size of a § cherry, smooth, red, ‘con taining a single obliquely obovate some- what compressed seed. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and. moister upper mixed forests of G7 Yona ice ce Rae : L—SS.=Si8. ie -Remarxks.—Wood reddish, very coarsely fibrous. 6. V. erythroclada, Kz.— Woon-o0-nway or mA 50 ROU ae aie leab-che dding woody climber, the younger parti —_ nally eracked ; rea brown } hes drils 2 -cleft ; leaves digitately fl late, on a 4-5 in. long glabrous petiole x leaflets broadly obovate in. lo ase, young slightly pubescent aie the nerves beneath, soon turning quite glabrous ; flowers small, yellowish-green, on 1k. 3 lin. long puberulous pedicels, cymulose, forming rather _ dichotomous puberulous and more or less haat a lax ¢ calyx short, puberulous ; petals and stamens 4; style simple, cababag? berries globular, the | size of a che Hav.—Not unfrequent in the tr g cho of ~ eastern slopes of the Pegu Spaliag ghee “bel oe Reve, Be: May— :; L—SS.=SiS., Metam. Remarxs.— Wood light-brown, fibrous, coarse. 7. V. campylocarpa, Kz.; H.f, Ind. Fl. i. 057. A lofty woody elimber with pele stems and strong leaf-opposed tendrils, quite glabrous; leaves digitately 5 (to aes “foliclate, on 2-3 in pee Senge cigs | jointedly ‘aged ona 4- ‘14 in. long - ate, tapering towards the acute base, the la lateral ones Vitis. J AMPELIDER. 875 somewhat unequal, 4-6 in. long, abruptly acuminate, remotely and slightly crenate-toothed, succulent-coriaceous, glabrous; cymes ax- Hap.—In the tropical forests of the north-eastern slopes of Kambala toung, Pegu Yomah, at 1,000 ft. elevation.-Fr. March. 8. V. pentagona, Voigt.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 646.—A large glab- rous climber, with thick succulent 5-angular glossy branches; f leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, almost truncate or slightly sinuate at ____ the base, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, on a 1-1} in. long petiole, re- motely bristly toothed, succulent-herbaceous, quite glabrous and shining ; flowers small, yellowish, on thick pedieels a line or a little longer, forming simple or slightly compound glabrous leaf-o cymes ; calyx truncate ; petals 4, oblong-lanceolate, hooded, acu- minate, nearly a line long; stamens 4; style short, simple; ber- nes globular, the size of a small cherry, glossy black, containing y 2 smooth compressed-convex orbicular-ovate seeds. Haz.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Arracan ; also in Chittagong and the Andamans.—F'. b.; Fr. Apr-May.—~s ; —SS.=SiS.—Chloritie rocks. blunt, green ; flowers small, yellowish or reddish outside, on 2-3 lin. lone slender pedicels, almost umbellate, forming a leaf-op- eyme usually of the length of the leaves or shorter ; one gl : > disk 4-lo . robus 2 pea, turning purplish-black, smooth and glossy, usually 1-seeded. HaB.—Frequent in fhe tropical and in- the'moister meek: forests all _— a, from Ava and Chittagong down to Tenasserim PL ELS; Fr OS 0: L- Bae, 276 AMPELIDES. [ Vitis. tu stem somewhat compressed, corky, uneven, deeply and longitudinally cracked ; leaves simple, on very long slender petioles, broadly cordate and usually somewhat angular or obsoletely lobed, about 5-6 in. long and nearly as broad, shortly and bluntish acu- minate, remotely and bristly repand-serrulate, 5-nerved at the base, ae Sane sparingly woolly (especially beneath), when full grown chartaceous and quite glabrous; stipules oblong, small; flowers small, reddish, drooping on long, slender , woolly glabrescent pedicels arising umbellately from rusty villous knobs and forming a leaf- opposed, sparingly woolly, glabrescent, divaricate, en e in.) cyme ; calyx short, usually villous ; petals and stamens 4; style simple, rather thick; berries all drooping, obovate, about the size of a small pea, purplish-black, smooth, 1-2-seeded. Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests as also in shrubberies and grass — all over Burma and —— provinces down to the Andamans.—Fl. A May ; Fr. B.S.—s: 1—S8.= ** Flowers in cymose we pausee. racemes, spikes, or more —— one or both tendril-branches transformed into a panicle. e's Ft saregea Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 651.—A large woody climber, all parts, except the leaves, covered with copious, long, capi- tate, brown or blackish, stiff hairs; petioles long, covered with @ 6-7 broad, oko & 5-nerved at the base, a inte one not or obsoletely 3-lobed, while young covered with a loose very ceous tomentum, soon turning glabrous above and slightly woolly along the prominent nerves beneath, membranous ; ten -opposed, woolly, and beset with long stiff hairs, 2 2.3-cleft, the one branch transformed in a tomentose more or less elongate panicle, consisting of small eaecntils e flowers on very short, thick, tomentose pedicels; calyx short, Bhaclaaty 4-lobed ; petals an and stamens 4 or 5 each, the former about a line long, glabrous; cpm sessile. AB.—Frequent in ed low and lower mixed forests all over Ava and son down to Tenasse Fl. Apr.-May—1. 2. V. latifolia, Roxb ; ;H. Ind. Fi j.652; Brand. For. F1.99.— Chin-dowk-nway-zouk. —A large te ndril- bearing climber, the younger parts pubescent, the branches sh: branchlets all. glabrous ;_ leaves simple, on a 2-4 in. long glabrous petiole, broadly cordate oF ith rotundate, not or more usually 3-5-lobe e lobes acute oF ay blunt, about 5-6 in. long and broad, acute or rarely blunt, y thed, membranous, or os Fitis. } AMPELIDER. 277 one of the branches of the 2-cleft glabrous leaf-opposed_ tendril usually shorter than the leaves ; calyx short, truncate, green ; petals and stamens 5 ; stigma sessile; berries globular, the size of a small pea, purplish, smooth, usually 2-seeded. Has.—Frequent in savannahs and savannah jungles, as also in shrubberies and woods round villages, all over the Pegu plains, especially in the Sittang valley.—Fl. Apr.-May.—SS.—=AIL. 13. V. tomentosa, Heyne ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 650.—A large tendril- bearing climber, all parts greyish or tawny woolly; leaves simple, in. long and broad, acute, rarely blunt, membranous ; flowers small, on very short and thick woolly petioles, reddish or purplish, compact and cymulose, forming a short usually very dense woolly corymb-like panicle on the one branch of the 2-3-cleft leaf-opposed slightly webby-woolly tendrils ; ealyx short, obsoletely 5-lobed ; petals and stamens 5 ; stigma sessile; berries the shape and size of a coffee-berry, reddish or purplish, smooth, usually 4-seeded. Has.—In deserted hill toungyas of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation —Fl. & Fr. March.—SS.—Metam. te calyptrate and very deciduous; filaments long and slender; oS Eee nS ee ea Ee es ee eee es a — .-AB.—Not unfrequent in deserted toungyas, ete., of Martaban and Tenas- _ ‘Setim ; also Chittagong—FI. Fr. Febr.-March—SS.—Metam. ___W. B.—V. vinifera, L. (Brand. For. Fl. 98)—Sa-pyit—is often — cultivated with Europeans, and is said to bear good grapes in Va, _ , 15. V, Helferi, Laws. in H-f. Ind. Fl. i. 662.—A large tendril- bearing climber, all younger parts webby-tomentose and partially Stabrescent ; leaves usually 5-foliolate with the two lateral leaflets Pedately divided into two, on a 3-4 in. long woolly petiole ; leaflets E 278 | AMPELIDEE. [ Leea. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, on woolly ion ay 3. im. long, 5-6 in. long, coarsely serrate-toothed, more r less acute at the este aig, LEEA, L. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, united at the base and with the 5-lobed or 5-cleft staminal tube. Filaments inserted between the lobes of the tube and turned inwards. Ovary inserted on the _ 5-6- ; with a solitary ovule m each cell. Berry 3-6-celle oe erect, with a hard testa.—Little trees or erect. shrubs or undershrubs, with simple or variously pinnate or decompound leaves. Flowers small, in leaf-opposed corymbose cymes. “ wes ample, — or some “ge i lobes of staminal tube ; > weeny eo Leaves usually pinnately folie hardly ¢ ucescent an q minutely puber rulous, beneath ; geet of = Bare tube eles L. latifo a x : t Inflorescence with persistent and conspicu bracts and bractlots flowers sessile of tees oe so L. compactifiora, -Bracts. and bragtlets minute, usually y pped before the flower-buds are properly: ree: ped. es coriaceous. ers greenish-white. a = dark-green ‘bes of staminal ae liek notched; seeds pedeghe: S00 .ie . « B, sambucinds. - Leaves glaneous, the leaflets usually linear on lanceolate ; : lobes of eS ere. whet, seeds ene ad. rae on the back . A x spe rhore oe ress membranous. me or Leaflets 6-8.in, long;. inflorescen so -tomentose Leaflets only aha in in. of Ta inflorescence glabrous early 80 00 ~~" Shee L Beliggoent or or stiff- pa at least the nerves bene Leea. | AMPELIDER. : 279 parallel nerves beneath ; e tan and range rete or nearly so duncle compressed-cornered ; bracts and bractlets small aoe linear-lanceolate ; flowers —_— white . ZL. aspera, All ~“ iff-pubescent; leaflets m mbranous, stiff- pubescent, neath densely glanddotted 5 goa etc., all terete ; cymes stiff, pubescent ; bracts large, broad-ovate, blunt ‘- e@quata. t glabrous or sbecsihaletcaatele. leaves 2- -3-pinn leaflets puberulous or glabrous, not gland-dotted fesichtie bracts and bractlets none . L. robusta. Stee fog mm ete., quite glabrous ; leaflets small , sprinkled with e stiff hairs ; bracts o r bractlets . ZL. rubra. L. compactiflora, Kz.—An evergreen treelet_(12—15+4—8 ey all ‘iets glabrous ; "leaves twice pinnate, on a long terete panciey glabrous; leaflets linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on + aliarply 4-cor nered 2 ieigt 2-3 lin. long, blunt at the base, 4-6 m: long. mg acuminate, serrate, chartaceous ; flowers oat greenish white, sessile, seated between the broad, short, scaly bracts, futon head- e clusters arranged in a short peduncled rusty-tomentose glabres- cent corymbose cyme shorter than the petiole; petals about a line long, acute; lobes of staminal tube truncate (?) Has.—In ne moister hill forests of the ——— hills ca of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Apr.-May. =Met _ %. L. sambucina, Willd. ; Ppa. For. Fl. 102.—Kalet. —An evergreen tree (15—20 4+ 6—10 + 4—1), sometimes remaini shrubby, all parts glabrous; bark brown, thin, uneven, somewhat corky rough ; cut Powanes leaves deooes nd pees te, age. - the extreme branches mo e and more simply- on a some rare in the tropical forests of the sen aes Volta bat beget in those wet down Z elevation.—F]. March; Fr. May.—s.—SS.—=Meta p to of he Pog REMARES.=Wpod rather heavy, close- hla eon with a silvery lustre, the biti modaliary, brown fee 4 yo 102. — Tha. a-nway 280 AMPELIDER. [ Leea. OU large, 6-8 in. long, on $ an petiolules, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, abruptly and shortly acu- long; lobes of the staminal tube triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed at the entire apex; berries depressed-globular, 4-6-seeded, the seeds bluntish-keeled and tubercled-ribbed along the sides. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently frequent.—Fl. Aug.-Oct.; Fr. Febr.-March. wings, ost glabrous; leaves pinnate or in luxuriant plants artaceous, glabrous above, beneat rough from short appressed hairs along the prominent excurrent nerves and veins stipules large, falcate ; cymes —— puberulous, branched already from the base or peduncled, i ts large pea or larger, smooth, black, containing usually 6 seeds. Has.—Frequent in the savannah and lower mixed forests of Pegu and Martaban ; also Chittagong.—Fl -June.—l, poate Be = aspera, usually shra \ Leea.} AMPELIDER. 281 petals about a line long; lobes of the yellowish staminal tube nar- row, notched ; berries depressed-globular, the size of a large pea, smooth, bluish black, containing usually 6, rarely fewer, smooth _ Has.—Common in the mixed forests, especially the upper ones, as also in ca a es Pegu, up to 2,000 ft. elevation. —Fl. May-June ; Fr. C.S.—1. _ Remarxs.—Pith medullary, very large, the outer wood only 2-3 lin. thick, dark-brown, close-grained. 6. uata, L. (L. hirta, Hornem.; Hf. Ind. Fi. i. 668). —Naga-mouk.—A shrubby perennial, with terete or slightly 6-8 glabrescent above, beneath copiously gland-dotted ; cymes more or le b ed a from the base or Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests of Arracan Martaban, down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. June- 8. = Octob. ; Fe. C5... 282 SAPINDACE®. SAPINDACE. Flowers usually polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, free o united, imbricate or rarely valvate. Petals 4 or 5, titel one fetwet, hse lobed, 1-4 raaeatty 5) celled, with 1 or 2 or ely more ascend- hiscent, entire or separating into lobes or cocci. Seeds with or with- out an arillus. umen none.—Trees or shrubs, rarely twiners, with alternate compound or decompound rarely simple leaves ; flowers usually small and inconspicuous, variously arranged. The majority of Sapindacee are readily recognised by having the disk outside, not inside the stamens, and by the 8 stan in nee * Fruit ay stents Ad or neonate x Fruit 8 ea age Petals present. cal regular. Capsule coriaceous ; pavacare As flat: 2 . Cupa Stamens 10, short ; capsule woody ; Oe fiat Ovules 2 or more in eac cell. Flowers irregular ; =. eaaeeaee or tbls wae digitate . Aesculus. Flowers Ss tee capsules 2-valved ; leaves . Harpullia. X Fruit an eaehiscont samara og a a eapel dehiscing septicidally. Petals none or Fruit of 2 indehiscent samaras' . : eS « Acer. Fruita septicidal capsule; leavessimple . . . i" ps « Dodone 8 a capsule ; leaves pinnate . Zollingeria. Fruit indehiscent, drupaceous, sappy, fleshy, or rarely ous. X Fruit entire, 1-4-celled. + Wi ra “ peiale: sei colse anh the lobes Basiineet or ; . Schleichera. —_ + With ah Sepals i imbricate. Albumen nnone. Stamens inserted within os Oi: j disk Ge engl ae Seale of th fetal carla . . Lepioanthes. % Cupania. | SAPINDACER. 283 OO Albumen present; inserted wires to the ASbpr of the disk Fe gash oon x X Fruit a to ihe bas s, the latte olitary by shalt of the others. + Calyx 4 re -or 5-toothed or-parted. Seeds arillate ae small, emp-ahaped ; petals none or various; stamens long- - Nephelium, Galpa oe Pat te “Ae 5-cleft ; ‘petals 4-5, without a scale; ; stamens 4-8, long = . Pometia. 2 a gs free, broadly atelaits in2 series. Avillus none, Oo Leaves a x Flowers regular. Carpels tubercled, dry . F Sri eh cee, 0 fin a erORD Carpels sig and rg é ‘ . : - Sapindus. x Fi were — Fruit-lobes globose ; testa of eimpe z - . |. Dittelasma. Fruit-lobes oblong ; testa of se its teosbanc . “ 2 + Pancovia, O O Leaves 1- “3-foliola late . . . - Allophylus. CUPANIA, L. Flowers polygamously dioecious, regular. Sepals 4-5 (rarely 3 or 6), or united into a cup-shaped calyx, broadly imbricate. Petals as ae as sepals or none, with or without a scale a . Flowers small, Rag, PaiPiay aan ees rac + Capsules pga, ‘adpiioe more or less conspicuously -lob angular; coriaceous. * ran pad presen jak Surnished with a double scale, _ & Leaves and panic cles glabrous. opaque, Seer aiesaihe the nerves thin ; rachis; nar- rowly winged upwards . C. Griffithiana. Leaflets glossy, one-coloured, strongly nerved and nete-veined ; Ce — x xX Leaflets beneath and panicle shortly tawny pubes. cent. Leaflets chartaceous, fuscescent in drying, opaq - w« « C fuscidule. OK oe Petals none Pe minute, he: pier Net-veination minute an obsolete ; filaments. glabrous ; leaflets in sat - c. _Lessertiana, Net-veination m sicong snd prominent on both sides ; filaments ex- af 3 leaflets not fuscescent . C. Sumatrana, Net-veination et but prominent ; filaments short, ‘pubescent ; ts fuscesce: . C. Helferi. ++ Capsule to near the base divided into two divergent Leaflets chartaceo rodilieh Peanot beneath, glabrous; panicles ee a ee A eae 284 SAPINDACER. [ Cupania. . C. Griffithiana, Kz. (0. pleuropteris, Hf; Ind. Fi. i. 677; not BL) .—An_ evergreen middling-sized tree, all parts glab- rous; leaves glabrous, a pinnate; the rachis semi-terete, marginate towar e , but not winged; leaflets almost alternate, rarely aioe in 2-3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, usually obliquely so, decurrent on the very short petiolule, bluntish acumi- nate, 3-4 in. long, =e coriaceous, beneath turning glaucous- brown in drying ; flowers small, in short, slender, glabrous, axillary panicles ; sepals ‘almost sbialar. ciliate ; petals spatulate-oblong, glabrous, with a woolly 2-cleft scale inside above the claw ; stamens somewhat exserted; capsules about 8 lin. in diameter, shortly — at the base, glabrous, 3-lobed, the lobes diiatnats, broadly tundate Has ao Ss 2. C. glabrata, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 676.—An evergreen tree, (20—30 + 8—10+2—3) , all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pin nate, on rather short petioles, quite glabrous and glossy ; leaflets — in 2 pairs, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, 4-7 in. long, entire, firmly chartaceous, laxly but strongly eee, glossy ; flowers small, white, on a line long pedicels, clustered, ‘forming glabrous, simple or compound panicles in the axils of the leaves ; sepals 5, obovate-rotundate, glabrous, villous- fringed, the 2 outer larger ones nearly a line long; petals 5, about 4 lin. long, linear- spatulate, glabrous outside, the whole inner side densely white-woolly ; stamens 8; filaments villous to haley mii ovary tawny-hirsute, AB.—Rather frequent in the tropical forests along the eastern “—_ of the Poot Yosh and Martaban.—Fl. Apr.-May.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam 3. C. fuscidula, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 677.—A small evergreen tree, all parts _haelerged leaves usually abruptly, rarely unpaired- pinnate, the rachis not winged, rusty pubescent ; leaflets alternate, unequal and almost falcate, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat decurrent on the very short thick petiolule, about 4 in. long, apiculate, entire, chartaceous, turning blackish in drying, softly puberulous nag both sides, es especiall beneath ; flowers small, forming axill pubescent panicles shorter than the leaves ; sepals chlong-rotundate, ciliate, and usually sprinkled with appressed stiff hairs; petals broadly oblong, bearing a 2-cleft woolly scale above the claw; _ stamens hardly exserted. Has— enasserim. as 2 amb.; ELE. ae Fl. i. 678.—An evergreen 2 = yoeerrestmer ss +3—4), all parts glabrous; leaves usually S abruptly — pinnate, together with the ahmoet terete rachis quite Cupania. | SAPINDACER. 285 glabrous ; leaflets in 2-3 (sometimes a single) pairs, opposite or nearly so, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, on rather long petiolules, acute, and a little decurrent at the base, bluntish acuminate, entire, coriaceous, elegantly net-veined, glossy above; flowers minute, apetalous, in simple or branched puberulous racemes often collected into larger terminal panicles; calyx puberulous ; filaments quite glabrous, long and slender, the anthers comparatively large ; cap- es pear-shaped, sharply 3-cornered, much tapering at the base, while young sprinkled with minute hairs. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fl. May-June.— s.—SS.=chloritic and serpentine rocks. 5. C. Sumatrana, Miq.; H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 678.—An evergreen _ tree, all parts glabrous; leaves pinnate, the terete rachis half-terete towards the end; leafiets in 2-4 pairs, shortly petioluled, oblong- lanceolate, 5-9 in. long, bluntish acuminate, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, shining above, strongly and elegantly net-veined on both sides ; flowers apetalous, minute, forming large axi and termi- nal minutely rusty-tomentose panicles ; calyx pubescent, the teeth triangular-acute ; capsules 3-sided-pear-shaped, much tapering at the base, glabrous. Haz.—Rare in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah; also Tenasserim.— Fr, Apr.-May.—s.—SS.—SiS.—Metam. 6. C. Helferi, Hiern; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 679.—Probably an ever- green tree ; leaves abruptly pinnate, the rachis terete; leaflets in two pairs, elliptically oblong, on 4-2 in long petiolules, almost acuminate, 5-8 in. long, obtuse at the base, glabrous, delicately net-veined ; flowers 5-merous, on short spreading ‘racemes ” (pedi- cels?) arranged in racemose pubescent almost terminal panicles longer than the leaves ; calyx cleft, almost valvate, $ in. in diameter, the lobes ovate; petals none; stamens 8, filaments pubescent; ovary me stalked, not lobed, pubescent.—(From Hooker’s Fi. Has.—Tenasserim. 6. C. adenophylla, Planch. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 677.—A small ) axill rul a Somewhat hairy outside, the teeth short and ciliate ; petals minute, ___& little longer than the calyx, broadly cuneate, obliquely notched 286 SAPINDACES. [ Paranephelium. or 2-cleft, pubescent on the inner face; filaments pilose, anthers puberulous ; capsules coriaceous, glabrous, compressed 2-lobed, the lobes oblong, blunt, very compressed, bearing the persistent ‘style in the sinus, one of the lobes usually vauch smaller or abortive. Hazs.—Tenasserim. PARANEPHELIUM, Miq. Flowers polygamous. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted, valvate and slightly pests at the tips. Petals 5, sessile, furnished with a large broad basal scale inside. Disk crenulate, central, hairy. Sta- mens 6-10; filaments short. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; style very short and thick ; the stigma densely villous. Capsule woody, globular, aculeate-muricate or tubercled, 3-valved.— ie with pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in small axillary panicles. xestophyllum, Miq.—A small evergreen ite the young ints slightly puberulous ; leaves pinnate, glabrous, the ray tawny puberulous, soon. glabrescent ; leaflets in 2-3 pa with o rarely without an odd one, on a rather short and thick “lightly puberulous petiolule, cea to oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, almost coriaceous, smooth and glossy on both sides; flowers minute, im rusty-tomentose short axillary panicles; calyx ‘rusty-tomentose, ‘the teeth 5-angular-acute ; anthers glabrous ; capsules almost globose, about an in. in diameter, woody-muricate, loculicidally 3-valved, the valves remaining coherent with their inner margins. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. ZESCULUS, L. wers irregular, polygamous. Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, b-cleft, the the lobes irreular and imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, unequal . Seeds Bd not arillate.-—Trees, with o te digitate — Flowers ra ni in panicles or Poet | iff. (42. Punduana, Wall..; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 675) ee large tree ; poe large, digitately 5- 7-foliolate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to cuneate-oblong, cuneate and somewhat decurrent at the base, e, acuminate, shortly petioluled, serrulate, glabrous, 02 beth si , white, pale rose-coloured at. be wag racemose. , forming an axillary velvety panicle; calyx tubular, velvety ; stamens long, exserted ; capsules obovoid, smooth, long, apiculate, leathery, tena: ‘ state ‘Daw hill forests of Upper Harpullia. ] SAPINDACER. 287 HARPULLIA, Roxb. Flowers regular, - Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, without any scale, but sometimes wit th basal inflexed auricles Stamens 5-8, inserted within: the conspicuous disk. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; ; style short or elongate and spirall twisted. Capsule coriaceous or chartaceous, somewhat com pean 2-or rarely. by abortion 1-lobed, the lobes inflated, loculicidally 2- valved. Seeds with or without arillus, Cotyledons thick. —Trees, with pinnate leaves. Flowers rather small or middling-sized, panicled. 3 1. H, cupanioides, Boxh, H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 692 (H. imbricata, : Bl.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 158) —A tree (80—90+50—60 + 6— | 14), evergreen or in drier tracts shedding leaves im the H.S., the younger parts tawny puberulous ; leaves pinnate ; the rachis slightly puberulous ; 3 leaflets 6-8 in. long, alternate, on short but slender petiolules, in 3 to 7 pairs, somewhat obhqeety oblong or elliptically lanceolate, usually Sbigas at the acute base, bluntish acuminate, cerns, membranous, puberulous on the principal nerves, soon gla ab- = 3 sepals broadly oblong blunt, ae es tome tose eae in the tropical forests of the PRR also Chittagong.— Fi. i une.—s.— S8,=SiS. DODON AA, L. Flowers often dicecious or polygamous. Sepals 5, rarely fewer, eevee Pee none, Disk small or obsolete. Stamens usually 8, sometimes fewer, rarely 10; filaments very short. (rarely 5-6) -celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Capsule membranous or coriaceous, opening loculicidally in as many valves as cells, usually win Seeds funi Embryo spirally curled.—Shrubs, with simple, entire, or rarely lobed leaves, the young shoots usually sticky. Flowers s mall, l. D. viscosa, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 697; Bedd. Sylv. ee 75, t. IL; £2; Puta For. “Fl. 113.—A shrab, ‘the cornered branches and — = ie leaves bar tay from ovate lanceolata to almost : woe Shue k chees tale eee - 288 SAPINDACES. [ Zollingeria. _ Hazs.—Sandy shores of Tenasserim from Amherst to Mergui; also Narcon- dam island, Andamans.—Fr. March.—l. ZOLLINGERIA, Kz. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate, the 2 inner ones larger. Petals 5, almost clawed, with a basal woolly scale inside. Stamens 8, inserted round the ovary ; filaments long, but not ex- se Ovary 3-sided-conical, 3-celled, with a solitary or 2 ovules in each cell. Capsules chartaceous, usually 3-winged, and maceration of the cell-walls) 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons large, folded.—Trees, with pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal panicles. 1. Z. macr a, Kz.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 692.— Wet-kyot-pen.— A tree (50—80 + 25—50 4+3—6), leafless in the H.S., the young shoots tawny pubescent; bark about an in. thick, grey, roughish, breaking up into small tubular pieces ; cut dry, pale-coloured ; leaves usually unpairedly, rarely almost abruptly pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets alternate, more or less unequal at the base, lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, bluntish acuminate, 5-8 in. - long, chartaceous, entire; flowers small, white, on 2 lin. long pedicels, forming short, somewhat nodding, glabrous or very slight- ‘ ly hairy panicles in the axils of the leaves or at the end of the : branches; sepals about a lin. long, obovate, ciliolate, slightly 4 notched ; petals nearly 2 lin. long, glabrous except the villous base, : ciliate, oblong, blunt, the woolly blunt scale adhering to the b : claw; filaments hairy ; ovary slightly pubescent at the very base; { capsules oblong, at the base surrounded by the disk, about 2 m- 4 long, glabrous, 3- or rarely by abortion 2-winged ; the wings broad, striate, rounded at the somewhat narrowed base, truncate at the — broader end with the edges rounded. Haxz.—Not unfrequent in the mixed dry forests of the Prome district.—Fl. probably C.S. (?); Fr. March.— pacman | ee ge ee RemMaRKs.—Wood white. : ACER, L. or within the annular lobed disk. Ovary 2-lobed and 2-celled, a with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 2, rarely 3. Fruit separating 1» 2-winged indehiscent samaras. Albumen none.—Trees, ‘shrubs, with opposite, simple, or palmately lobed leaves. Flowers mall, in terminal or axillary racemes or corymbs. a A eg Schleichera. ] SAPINDACEA, 289 X< Leaves ag = not lobed, with 3 basal nerv Leaves wound whitish beneath, the petiole 1-2 in. long cymes ; brandlioks ts blackish » A, laurinum. Leaves a pastindren the a 3- = lin. longs ‘cymes panicled, —— 5 branchlets ts pale bro eve . A, levigatum. eaves 3-lobed ands 3-nerv Glabrous ; oes e leaves long, acuminate, entire - A. isolobum. eum, Bl. ; nd. Fl. i. 693. ee sieht (?) large tree, all Sat glabrous ; : leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, rounded or ob at base, on a long slender petiole, acuminate, entire, al coriaceous, whitish beneath; flowers sma , in racemose glabrous corymbs:; stamens 6 ; eamavan glabrous, the wings about long and somewhat spreading. Hap.—Frequent in the damp hill forests of the Martaban hills, east of Toonghoo, down to Tenasserim, at 4,600 to 6,000 ft. elevation.—s.—SS.—Metam 2. A. laevigatum, Wall.—A tree, all parts glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong, rounded at the base, on a slender petiole 3-4 in. long, oes glabrous, one-coloured, 3-nerved at the base and — penninerved ; flowers small, cymose, forming glabrous panicles appearing with the young foliage ; carpels glabrous, 1-1} in. long, the wings veined, slightly diverging, dilated above, usually curved k. on the bac i re of Upper Tenasserim. isolobum, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 694.—An evergreen (?) ay aieehitrre ai all parts glabrous ; leaves eae 8-lobed, 5-6 in. long and broad, rounded at the 3-nerved base, long petioled, glabrous, net-veined, the lobes spreading and acuminate ; cai and fruits unkno pean in the he damp hill forests of Martaban, at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. = reef —=Met SCHLEICHERA, Willd. Flowers regular, polygamously dioecious. Calyx inconspicuous, 4-6-cleft, valvate, or Shesttrely co Be cate. Petalsnone. Disk com- plete, repand, glabrous. Stamens 6-8, very rarely 4-5, central; filaments elongate. Ovary 3-4-celled, with a solitary erect ovule in each cell. Fruit dry, almost erustaceous, stylose-acuminate, — celled. Seeds erect, ‘envelo a pulpy arillus.—Trees alternate abroply idee leaves. "Blowers mpsoaat savemneaes _‘Toughish, when old sek off in small pieces; cut dry, reddish ; eaves usually abruptly pinnate, while young puberulous, soon turn- aS ‘ing glabrous ; leaflets in 2-3 rarely 4 pairs, sometimes withs ant T 290 | SAPINDACER, elias Has.—Common in all bat shedding forests, ipey the akcoth ones, from aie sate sane down to Tenasserim.—Fl. March -Apr.—l.—SS.= @ SiS. ood brown, very heavy, close-grained and — takes fine Be oege a ‘ as pd. Used for cart-wheels, the teeth of harro nae pestles of oil-mills, etc. Exudes a yellowish resin. Lac is produced on ray aes HEMIGYROSA, Bi. Flowers polygamously monoecious, irregular, Sepals 5, the 2 outer ones smaller, broadly imbricate, Petals 5, un equal, fur- nished with a crested basal scale inside, the 5th not Bie or often wanting. Disk cushion-like, one-sided. Stamens 8, unequal, one- sided, hardly exserted. Ovary excentric, 3-celled. Fruit fleshy of coriaceous, 3-lobed, indehiscent. Seeds not arillate. Cotyledons equal, fleshy.—Trees, with pinnate leaves. Flowers rs comparatively ge, in axillary branched racemes or panic 1. H. canescens, Thw. ; H.f. Ind. FI. i. 671; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 151.—An evergreen. middling-sized tree, the younger shortly greyish tomentose; bark ash-coloured, somewhat rough; leaves abruptly pinnate ; the rachis slightly puberulous, but soon = glabrescent ; leaflets in 2 pairs, obovate or oblong, on ashort, thick, puberulous petiolule, more or less blunt or bluntish apiculate, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, net-veined ; flowers rather large, white, race- > alana = sually greyish-tomen ntose panicles ; sepals rotundate, t; petals 4 4, flat, prose long, the claws silky om , bearmg am ndage on em back below the cleft; disk — gaiete-omebted’ appe: crenulate, one-sided ; stamens 8, unilateral ; fruit fleshy, 3-go20U> ovoid, the size of a bullet, densely greyish velvety. Has,—Tenasserim. LEPISANTHES, Bl. . Flowers regular, polygamously dioecious. Sepals 4 imbri- cate. Petals yea Sa ikke ae ucullate oe on Ke inner side above the claw. Disk annular, ae Stamens 8, 3-4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cals Strangular, coriaceous or fleshy, 3-4-0 air llus.—Trees with pinnate leaves, Flowers and terminal panicles, Sh AA eee ee - Lurpinia.] SAPINDACER. 291 Leaves slightly puberulous on the midrib beneath; pedicels 14-2 lin, lon ong, poocad acale of petals densely white-villous fringed Z, Burmanica, Leaves quite gla 3 pedicels . stout, ae + lin. Jong ae petals inside a i yeals glabrous - ZL. montana. 1. L, Burmanica, Kz. (Z. montane, Him. H.f. Ind. Fi. i. 679, and Kurz Prel. Rep., Pegu, A.-38, not Bl.). —An evergreen tree (20—25 + 15—20 + 12), the trank sim ee and palm-like, not or almost not branched, the shoots puberulous; bark a line thick, smooth, minute ely and longitudinally fissured, greyis sh-brown ; cut dry, pale-coloured ; leaves 2-3 ft. long, abruptly pinnate, the rachis half-terete, slightly channelled ; leaflets almost his ed ser fo or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, very shortly petioluled, acute, chartaceous, entire, glabrous or slightly puberulous on the midrib beneath ; flowers in large terminal and axillary tawny puberulous racemes forming a large terminal panicle ; ; fruits on a short and thick peduncle, obtusely 3-4-lobed, the size ‘of a bullet, seth densely tawny tomentose, the cell-walls inside mottled, but —Not uncommon in the tropical forests of the eastern and southern ie of the wee ted me = as ae up to 2,000 ft. elevation —Fr. Sree Sis. mM aes musa white, nn os fibrous but close-grained, soon stacked by xylophages. 2. L. montana, Bl. (L. gAryuenes Hiern. ; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 680).—A oa evergreen tree, all arts glabrous: leaves 14-24 ft. long, on a rather slender petiole e t ft. long ; leaflets in 7-11 pairs, alternate or sometimes opposite, elliptically oblong to oblong and linear-oblong, cuneate at the base, on meena a up to 4 m. long, acuminate, 4-9 in. long, chartaceous, gla ; flowers rather largish, white, on very stout pedicels about da age long, forming short and dense puberulous racemes arising usually in clus- ters or almost singly from the axils of the leaves ; petals inside and e glabrous ; fruits trigonously ovoid, the size of a wood-apple, puberulous, stylose-acuminate. Has -—Tenasserim. TURPINIA, Vent. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, imbricate, persistent, Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted outside to | the base of the crenate or lobed disk. Ovary 3-lobed and B.colled, with several (usually 6-8) an anaizopous ascen one ovules in each cell ; bumin: ith pinnate or rarely 1-foliolate leaves, the gir serrulate. Flowers small, in panicles. : 292 SAPINDACER. [ Nephelinm, Leaves apiculate; flowers about 3 lin. in diamet ; . T. pomifera. Leaves almost caudate; flowers hardly 2 lin. in aanites . «+ Z. Nepalensis. . pomifera, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 698. —Towk-sha-ma. —An evergreen tree (30—40 + 12—20 + 2—3), all parts glabrous; bark rather smooth, about 2 lin. thick, grey, minutely corky lenticellate ; ; cut dryish, pale-coloured; leaves pinnate, glabrous and glossy ; leaflets 5-7 in. long, in 2-3 pairs with a long-petioluled odd one, oblong to elliptically oblong, shortly petioluled, acute at the base, apiculate, serrate, coriaceous ; flowers small, greenish white, shortly pedicelled, formi trichotomous glabrous panicles in the axils of the w leaves and shorter than them ; sepals and petals rotundate, agar : about 14 lin. long; fruits globose, especially while young 0 stylose-3-pointed, fleshy, green, smooth, the size of a large eneey? : Haxs.—Frequent in the tropical forests of ee and still more so in those of Mechta also Chittagong.—Fl. Febr.—Fr. C.S.—s.—SS.—=Metam. SiS. REMARKs.—Wood very pale brown or ae ether heavy, fibrous, but easaraset tolerably soft, soon attacked by xylophages. 2. T. Nepalensis, Wall. ; ams Sylv. Madr. t. re —Douk-ya- ma.—An evergreen tree (20— +8—15+2—8), all parts quite glabrous ; Sagi pinnate, quite glabrous and glossy above ; leaflets eee large trichotomous panic ‘les in the axils of the upper leaves and as long or sometimes longer than them; petals and sepals oblong, blunt, ciliolate, hardly a line long; fruits small, scarcely fleshy, usually 3-seeded, stylose-3-pointed. Has.—Frequent in the hill forests, especially the drier ones and the pine sing Martaban, at 3,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation —FI. March.—s—S8= Metam NEPHELIUM, L. te. e or as card as calyx-lobes, small, furnished with a 2 det reals witha the anus disk. Ovary 2 2-8-lobed and ee with a soli- tary ovule in each cell. Fruit usually deeply 2- 3-lobed or by abortion reduced to a single lobe, the lobes indehiscent or bh = valved or rupturing. Seeds more or less completely enveloped by the arillus. Cotyledons thick.—Trees, with pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary or se panicles. Pd Petals none. Calyzx-too abla head covered with oy soft, subulate or angular ‘Globes: laf glancou whitish beneath ; of fruit ay ee oats conically angular, truncate, a . w ad eee Nephelium. | SAPINDACER. 293 ets more coriaceous, pale beneath or almost one-coloured ; prickles of fruit subulate, variously curved and incurved, 3-3 i es : - WV. lappaceum. Leaflets very coriaceous, small, the net-veination quite obsolete, the nerves thin and faint; fruit-lobes ellipsoid-oblong, the size of & prune, covered with sharp compressed-tesselate tubercles . NW. Litchi. ; ase. ts cent, the lateral nerves thin and slightly prominent; fruit- lobes oblong, shortly muricate, the murices about a line long, : Shar. =. E : : x : “ : : . WV. rubescens. Leaflets thin coriaceous, more or less glaucescent beneath; fruit- strongly tubercled as in NV: Litchi, but not tesselate .\ NV. hypoleucum, As former, but leaflets usually smaller; fruit-lobes globose, the ize of a cherry, obsoletely tubercled, minutely tawny velvety over 3 Sey Seer oe s Z Fruits with subulate, long, soft prickles. ‘5 . - « WV. lappaceum. Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the P Yomah, but frequent in those of Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. elevation; also cultivated.— Fl. Jan.; Fr. Apr.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam., Lat. p. 2. N. Litchi, W. A.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 687.—Kyet-mouk.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 12—20 + 3—4), all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets in 6 to 2 pairs, opposite, lanceo- ; ed : leaves or longer one ; filaments and ovary ; t; style with 2 stigmatic lobes ; fruit-lobes usually soli by abortion, rare ly , oval, the size of a pigeon’s egg, covered by the red muricate-areolate somewhat crustaceous epicarp, 1- seeded ; the seed large, completely covered with the sappy, whitish, edible, sweet arillus. 294 : SAPINDACEE. [ Pometia. Has.—Chittagong, cultivated only.—Fl. Febr.-March. ReMaRKs.—Wood red-brown, rather heavy, close-grained, takes fine polish. N. B.—N., rubescens, Hiern., is said to occur in Tenasserim. 8. N. Griffithianum, Kz.—An evergreen tree, the leaf-buds tawny velvety; leaves glabrous, unpaired-pinnate, on a 2-3 in. long glabrous somewhat glaucous petiole; leaflets in 3-4 pairs with an odd one, ovate-oblong to oblong, shortly petioluled, obtuse or nearly so at the unequal base, shortly acuminate, chartaceous, glaucous beneath, the net-veination conspicuous and prominent on both sides; flowers unknown ; fruits (according to Griff. racemose) by abortion 1-lobed, the lobe almost sessile, oblong, the size of a small ege, covered by soft angular-compressed conical nearly 3 an Im. long prickles, 1-seeded, the seed large, enclosed in a white sappy acid arillus Has,—aAvya, hills east of Bhamo,—Fr. May. 4. Ny) na, Camb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 689: (Huphoria Longana, Lamk. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 156).—Kyet-mouk.—An evergreen tree, (30—50 + 15—25+44—5), all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pin- nate; leaflets in 3-4 pairs, almost opposite, on a short thick peti- ‘olule, lanceolate, about 3-4 in. long, rather blunt, entire, coriaceous, glossy above, glaucous beneath; flowers small, yellowish white, very shortly pedicelled, forming a terminal slightly rusty-puberu- lous glabrescent panicle of the length of the leaves or longer; petals 5, lanceolate, hairy; stamens 6-8; filaments tomentose; style with 2 or 3 stigmatic lobes; fruit-lobes usually solitary, rarely 2-3, almost globose, the size of a cherry, covered with a brownish grey, roughish areolate, somewhat erustaceous epicarp, 1+ seeded, the seed large, entirely enclosed by the sappy, whitish, sweet, edible arillus, Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah boung) ; also cultivated,—Fl. March._—s,—SS.=SiS. r Remakxs.—Wood brown, rather heavy, finely close-grained and apparenvy durable. Good for furniture and takes fine polish, Bie - POMETIA, Forst. Xerospermum. | SAPINDACER, 295 1. P. tomentosa, Bth. & H.f.; Hf. Ind. Fl. i. 691.—An ever- green tree (80—90+ 40—45 + 6—10), the shoots and younger parts rusty pubescent ; leaves abruptly or unpaired-pinnate, 1-3 ft. long, while young puberulous beneath, soon quite glabrous, the rachis rusty-pubescent, glabrescent; leaflets in 4-9 pairs, alternate or rarely the upper ones almost opposite, ovate-oblong to oblong- lanceolate, 6-7 (in young trees 15-18) in. long, on short and thick rus base, remotely and irregularly serrate, acuminate, membranous, while young the midrib and the undere-surface puberulous, soon glabrescent, the lowest pair of leaflets almost orbicular and stipule- a uced ; flowers minute, racemose, in terminal and axilla rusty puberulous panicles ; fruits 1- or 2-lobed, the lobes elliptically oblong, smooth, the size of a plum. Has.—Very common in the tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fr. May- June.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam. Remarxs.—Wood whitish, very light, and very coarsely fibrous, XEROSPERMUM, Bl. pilose, fleshy outside and arillus-like.—Trees, with pinnate or pin- nately 3-foliolate leaves. Flowers small, in almost simple axillary _ or terminal racemes. branches ; fruit-lobes 1 or 2, the shape and size of a plum, coria- ceous, densely muricate. Has.—Tenasserim. PANCOVIA, Willd. (Erioglossum, Bl.) .__ Flowers more or less irregular, polygamous. Sepals 5, broadly umbricate. Petals 4, shortly clawed, with a hooded scale inside, 296 SAPINDACER. [ Dittelasma, Disk one-sided, lobed. Stamens 8; filaments short. Ovary lobed, 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell. Fruit fleshy.oF or coriaceous, divided into 1-3 indehiscent lobes or rarely 1-lobed by abortion. Seeds oblong, without arillus. Cotyledons thick.—Trees, with pinnate leaves. — comparatively rather large, in ter- - minal and axillary panic Sepals rotundate, blunt, petals ka rounded, the scale hooded . P, se Sepals o soe neeolate; petals elongate-cuneate, the scale 2-cleft , P. tomen: a rubi, exe er (Z. rubiginosum, Brand. For. FI. 108; E. sa BL; rn ¥3 FL 672; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. 73).— Tseih-chay —An ena tree (25—80 +8—15 +2—8}), all softer parts more or less softly tawny pubescent ; bark 2-3 lin. thick, qpitioclite-ronigh; greyish, peeling off in irregular i flakes ; cut reddish ; leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets in 6-4 pairs, almost opposite, oblong-lanceolate, about 4-5 in. long, shortly iat more or less acuminate, entire, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; - | flowers rather small, white, shortly pedicelled, racemose, forming | an ample — or tawny tomentose terminal panicle ; sepals coria- oe ceous, pubescent; petals somewhat longer, ayes ‘with a woolly gE scale ; style saat slender ; berries often by threes or fewer by = — oblong, the size of a small bean, smooth, purplish black, a 1 Has.—Frequent in the tropical, rare in the moister mixed forests, from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. | May-June.—s x 1. woe peak perede = 2 REMAR Wood white or pale-coloured = pinkish brown heart-wood, a ; strong eck iste Adapted for house-buildin: ie 2. P. tomentosa (Sapindus aac Kz.).—Probably a tree, _ all softer parts pubescent ; p Mares pubescent or shortly tomentose, abruptly pinnate; leaflets in 4 to 3 pairs, obliquely ovate-oblong, shortly petioluled, 4-5 in. bee: acute at the unequal base, acumi- nate or acute, entire, chartaceous, glabrous except on the nerves sth sd and a ensely tomentose beneath ; ae shortly aa blade obovate, bearing at the middle a 2-cleft scale oe woolly inside ; filaments long-pilose ; style simple, sanannient drupes uncled, 2- or by abortion usually 1-lobed, stylose- acuminate, l-seeded ; seed erect ; radicle linear, straight. Has.—Ava, Khakhyen hills. DITTELASMA, Hf. wers irregular, polygamousl a Sepals 5, broadly ein Petals 4, with a large sca 4 ene Disk half-ereseen . annular, glabrous, "Wisiens 8; Sewcants Ovary glab- Sapindus. ] SAPINDACER. 297 rous, 3-celled and 3-lobed, with a solitary ovule in each cell. Drupe 1-3-coccous, fleshy. Seeds globose, the testa bony.—Trees, with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. 1. D. Rarak, Hf. Ind. Fi, i. 672.—An evergreen tree (50—60 +25—30+44—5), all parts glabrous ; leaves 14-2 ft. long, abruptly long as the petal and very villous; stamens 8 ; the filaments hairy, glabrous towards the apex, somewhat exserted; Ovary glabrous ; , orange-coloured, smooth, fleshy, the lobes oblong or elliptically oblong, 1-seeded ; seed large, almost globose. . Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah (in the Gyo Gyo valley, Kambala Toung) ; Tenasserim.—s.—SS.—=SiS. SAPINDUS, Plum. indehiscent. Testa of seeds membranous or crustaceo Co- tyledons thick.—Trees or shrubs, with pinnate or simple leaves, Flowers in terminal and axillary panicles. * Leaves 2-foliolate. : Panicles slender, pubescent ; fruit-lobes 1}-2lin.lng. . . S. microcarpus, 8 % Leaves pinnate or aes or rarely simple and semi- pinnate on the same plant. Leaves pinnate, long-petioled, remote ; flowers pink . ‘ . S. ruber. Leaves simple, almost sessile, crowded ; flowers white . . . S. Danura. aoe By renee us, Kz.—Probably a tree, the shoots sparingly hirsute ; leaves 2-foliolate, on a sparingly hirsute petiole only 1-2 rous, prominently net-veined on both surfaces; flowers small, _ glabrous, on } lin. long pedicels, forming slender pubescent and _ 800n glabrescent panicles in the axils of the leaves and at the end =. SAPINDACER, [ Allophylus. of the branchlets; berries usually deeply 2- or by — 1-lobed, the lobes obovate, diverging, 14-2 lin. long, glabrou a .—Adjoining Siamese province of Kanbooree.—Fr. is -May. 2. S. rnber (Scytalia rubra, Roxb.; 8. attenuatus, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. FY i: 684).—A large evergreen shrub or small tree, all parts quite glabrous ; —— abruptly or almost abruptly pinnate, glab- rous, the rachis and petiole terete; leaflets in 4-5 or fewer pairs lanceolate to ake lerioolate somewhat unequal at the acute or acuminate base, shortly petioluled, 3-4 in. long, long but bluntish acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, purple, on slender pedicels, forming ample lax axillary or supra-axillary glabrous pani- cles ; sepals 4 lin. long, lanceolate, acuminate; petals concave-rotun- date, 2 lin. long, rounded the seale present or obsolete ; —— not exserted, the filaments almost wanting; ovary 2-lob ruit 2-1- lobed, the lobes ellipsoid, the size of an olive, glabrous, dark purple ; seeds covered with an edible arillus. Has.—Forests of the Chittagong hills. 3. S. Danura, Voigt.; Hf Ind. Fl. i, 684.—A little evergreen tree or usually remaining shrubby, all parts glabrous ; leaves often piace so as to appear verticillate, simple, on very short and thick petioles or almost sessile, broadly or oblong-lanceolate, about 6-12 in. long, tapering towards the cordate or often almost acute base, entire, acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy above ; flowers =a whitish or pinkish white, pedicelled, forming a glabrous rminal panicle about half as long as the leaves; petals cuneate- : sting: blunt, furnished with a single, short, woolly scale; disk — conspicuous, crenulate ; ; stamens 6-8; filaments glabrous; ovary 2-lobed-obcordate, with 2 short stigmatic lobes ; berries rarely didymous, but usually ont by abortion, oblong, the size of a smooth, red, l-seeded ad Tenasserim. ALLOPHYLUS, L. Saas polygamous. Sepals 4, broadly imbricate, the 2 outer smaller. Petals 4, rarely none. Disk one-sided, usually lobed or or divided into 4 glands. Stamens 8, more or less one-sided. * Ovary excentrical, 2- or rarely 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell, Fruit consisting usually of one, rarely 2, indehiseent fleshy or dry _ Tobes. Seeds with a small arillus. Cotyledons folded.—Shrubs oF ‘trees, with ie leaves. Flowers very small, in simple oF . racemes. * Rachis of inflorescence 3 Penteetly a or taal 80 5 ee ike NRT Sy Ro at Mite ie Sie hae en roils tidal tities of the Andamans, also in those of Pega Allophylus. | SAPINDACER. : 299 * x s of inflorescence more or less ¢ pubescent or villous, Bractlets mieiis and short ; the whole plant pioneer or villous- BY ahersored . A. serratus, Bractlets linear, as long or longer than the pedicels " the whole plant cathier mab, only the nerves above villous A. aporeticus, 1. A, Cobbe, Bl. —(A. littorahs, Bl) —A shiibs: all parts glab- rous ; leaves small, 3-foliolate; leaflets on short petiolules or almost or Se i all over; filaments villous at the ‘cork ovary pubescent, 2-lobed ; berries usually solitary, very rarely paired, globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, bright red, 1-seeded. . Finis and Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—FI. July. DC.—A much-branched evergreen little tree, the Paes slightly pubescent, soon glabrescent; leaves 3-foliolate ; ts ovate to ovate-oblong, shortly petioluled or almost sessile, about 2-4 in. long, acute or acuminate, irregularly and coarsely serrate, sometimes almost entire, while young (especially hecatty pubescent, or glabrous from the beginning an bearing only a in the nerve-axils beneath ; flowers small, whitish, shortly pubescent or puberulous slender axillary racemes of the length of the petioles or aed petals cuneate, notched, with a basal scale ag a tuft of wool or villous all over ae filaments woolly at the _ knee fai Clitigone and Arracan down to Tenasserim. 3. A. aporeti Kz.—A small meagre shrub, usually 2-3 ft. high, the = oleae pati shortly suiledontys leaves. rather large, 3- foliolate, on a me pubescent _ Petiole le 3-5 in. long: 3 leaflets cuneate ah on short thick’ sparing] y “pubescent saan shortly acuminate, 6-8 in. long, remotely and irregularly serrate, membranous, glabrous, nerves more or less pubescent beneath and and densely tawny. vil- lous aga flowers clustered, small, pale-yellow, on hor, icels, supported by linear-subulate hirsute bracts of the length of, or usually longer _ the pedicels themselves ; racemes rather robust, recurved, simple, axillary, tawny villous and shorter than the petioles ; petals obovate-cuneate, notched, very a 300 SABIACER. [ Sadia. woolly inside above the middle; filaments glabrous or woolly at the base ; ovary villous; berries usually solitary by abortion, very rarely paired, the size and shape of a large pea, crimson, glossy, l-s = d. —vVery frequent in the moister upper mixed forests of Arracan up to 1 200 ft. elevation.—F 1. Fr. Octob.—s.—S SABIACEZ. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamously dioecious. Calyx 4-5- parted, imbricate. Petals 4-5, equal or unequal, alternating with, or opposite to, the sepals, imbricate. Stamens rey opposite the petals, inserted at the base of the small disk or on the torus, free or cohering with he petals, ‘wal 2 only perfect, the others re- duced to scales, rarely all fertile; anthers didymous, the cells _ opening “by a transverse slit or pis fee hood. Ovary 2-3-celled, with 1 or 2 horizontal or suspended ovules in each cell; tye cohering or the stigmas sessile. Ripe carpels 1-2, drupaceous © dry, Se cequenin rath shaped or almost Slohdian the endo r bony, l-seeded. umen none or scanty. ‘Copies much folded ; radicle inferior—Shrubs or trees, rarely climbers, with alternate, simple or pinnate leaves. Stipules none. Flowers usually minute ; inflorescence various, usually a panicle. Stamens = all perfect ; drupes compressed-kidney-shaped ; often clim . Sadia. Stamens 5, 2 only perfect and larger, the others reduced to scales ; drupes globular; trees or erect shrubs . Meliosma. SABIA, Colebr. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. Calyx 4-5 -parted. Petals 4-5, opposite the sepals. Diskannular. Stamens 4-5, insert- Leaves coriaceous; flowers minute, 2 ip ni ‘ S. limonacea. Leaves herbaceous ; flowers nearly 4 lin. in sea oe oe viridissima. 1. S. limonacea, Wall.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glab- oe =, leaves from lanceolate = — nosis ie or acute org base, 3-7 in. long, ac acuminate, coriaceous ; flowers _ minute, yellowish, on ~ 4 2 lin, ae thick pedicels, forming reddish, leafy or leafless glabrous usually axillary panicles of the length of the: lentes or longer; sepals obsoletely ciliate, ES ; Meliosma. | SABIACER. 301 rotundate ; petals broadly obovate, blunt, very shortly clawed, about a line long, 5-nerved ; stamens finally as long as the petals ; drupes compressed, almost rotundate-kidney-shaped, the stone tubercled. Has.—Chittagong. 2. S, viridissima, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 3—A shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate- to elliptically oblong, on a 6-8 lin, lon Staae acuminate at both ends, herbaceous, glabrous, 6-8 in. ong ; flowers small, white, on about 3 lin. long slender pedicels ickened upwards, forming 1 or 2 lax, glabrous, short panicles in the axils of the leaves ; calyx glabrous ; the lobes ovate, blunt ; petals nearly 2 lin. long; style 3-cleft, the stigmas horse-shoe-shaped. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests of the Andamans, especially along the western coasts.—Fl. May. MELIOSMA, Bl. each cell. Drupe almost obliquely globular, the stone bony or crustaceous, 1- or rarely 2-celled. Cotyledons folded.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple or pinnate leaves. Flowers minute, _ In thyrsoid panicles arising from the petals and forming a dome over the ovary; fe amens 2 ; ae abaaal globular, the size of a small pea, succulent, smooth, black, 1-celled and 1-seeded ; seed horse-shoe-shaped, as in Menispermacea, with a hollow process between. Haz.—Tropical forests of Tenasserim.—Fl. March-Apr. __ ReMarKs.—Wood brown, rather light, coarsely fibrous, but rather close- Srained; takes a good polish. ~ 302 _ ANACARDIACES. ANACARDIACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, usually regular. Calyx 8-7-cleft or -parted, rarely spathaceous or irregularly slit, the sepals sometimes wing-like enlarging, or the tube or base of tube engrossing and turning fleshy. Petals 3-7, rarely none, free or very rarely united with the torus, sometimes enlarging into wings. Disk usually annular, rarely the torus raised and stalk-like. Stamens penalty rarely climbing, with alternate or rarely opposite, often crowded, simple or compound ledves. Stipules none. Flowers small, varl- are-edible. Varnish is the produce of several members of this family. The bark of many is good for tanning; the timber, however, is inferior. : * Ovary 1-celled ; drupes 1-seeded. X Leaves simple. O Calyx d petal ining hanged after fl ing. + Calyx 3-5-parted or -toothed. nae dws 1 or 2 bearing anthers; style filiform; leaves eee ee ee eS Mangifera. Stamens 3-8, all anther-bearing ; style short; leaves opposite . Bowed Stamens 10; carpels 5-6; styleshort . . . # . « + Buchanama. +-+ Calyx spathaceous; stamens inserted on ws li ay é ; a, OO Calyx-tube or its base ng, or either the se -like enlarging. petals remaining unchanged. + Nut superior, seated on the much-engrossed fleshy calyx-base. Stamens 8-10; torus stalk-like; style 1, filiform . a > _ Stamens 5; disk annular, rather broad; styles3 . zi . -& . +t Fruit inferior, enclosed in the enlarged Pee sas calyx-tube. _ Petals valvate ;. styles 3 ‘ “ ; _ Petalsimbricate; stylel . . ae WRG te canes nf oe + g-l i g, th oalcydtnhe and sepals unchanged or nearly so. . Anacardium. Se Drimycarpys- Mangifera. | ANACARDIACER, 303 Stamens 5; drupe sessile . : . . ° . » Swintonia. Stamens numerous ; ; drupe stalked . . F + Melanorrhoea, X Leaves pinnate to 3- foliolate. © Calyx-lobes wing-like enlarging ; leaves — Parishia. OO Calyx remaining unchanged ; ‘petals imbrie: + Zi motes: => in the female or Nermapheatline Erect trees or shrubs ; wala sonpended from a free, erect, basilar funicle . » Rhus. Trees; ovule suspended 1 near the summit - the ca vity . . 4 Carel Flowers polygamous ; styl r 5, free at Oo summit . . - Spondias. Flowers sehcoing matory te a ae mnate at the to mbling ova. » « « Dracontomelum. MANGIFERA, L. Flowers polygamously ogthen na Calyx 4-or 5-parted, deci- duous, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5, the nerve vinadl thickened ms the middle, imbricate. Disk cushion- or stalk-like, lobed. Stame 1 or 4-5, of which 1 or 2 are fertile. Ovary free, 1-celled, with é a single ascending ovule ; style lateral, filiform. Drupe almost kid- ney-shaped or ovoid, fleshy, the putamen fibrous-woody, 1-seeded ; radicle inferior r.—Trees, with alternate simple leaves. Flowers cea, small, panicled. a Pedic ne tin. hes very slender M. longipes. X X Pedicels very short and thick ; fertile stamen 1. a —_ calyx glabrous petals about 3 lin. long ; disk ecup- ore 2-3 in. long, acuminate ; net-veination very : iat and thin - «+ MM, sylvatica, inicle ond calyx more r less puberulous ; ca hardly 21 3 ng ; disk 5- lobed ; a 3-4 in, 1] blunt ; net-veination gf Ge aa - . KM. Indica. Panicle and Pe densely pubescent ; petals y2 lin. long ; ; 5-lobed; drupes 1-2 in. long, blunt; Yas pasado cme and elegant, strongly eit — both surfaces . M. ealoneura, + Petals and stamens united with the base — = stalk- li toner, or _— the latter — ; benea 1. M. Griff; HE. = Fl i. 15 Mage eo-nce An evergreen tree (50—60+ 15—80-+ 4—6), all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or elliptically lanceolate, on a 1-2 in. long petiole net-veination ; flowers dioecious, small, whitish with yellow centre, = saree 3-6 lin. long —— pedicels, usually cymulose or » forming ni a lax terminal panicle Gorliededs or faned a(t egrets from the base; bracts linear-subu- 304 ANACARDIACER. [ Mangifera. late, ciliate; calyx 5-cleft to near the base, the lobes narrow-linear, acuminate, 4 lin. long, puberulous outside ; petals linear-lanceolate, twice as long as the calyx-lobes, subulate-acuminate, reflexed from the middle, traversed by 5 yellow raised veins ; stamens 2-3, one only fertile ; the filament slender, inserted to the inner margin of the conical 5-lobed disk. Has.—Frequent in the swamp forests of the Pegu plains; also in Tenas- serim.—Fl. Dec.-Jan.—s.—SS.—=All. Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the Martaban hills. 3. M. Indica, L.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 13; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 162 ; Brand. For. Fl. 125.—7hayet—An evergreen tree (40—60 +15—30+4—8), all parts glabrous; leaves crowded towards the end of the branchlets, elliptically-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on @ rather long petiole, about 6-10 in. long, acuminate to almost blunt, strong, net-veination copious and conspicuous, but lax ; flowers small, on very short thick pedicels, yellowish with reddish streaks, forming a large puberulous terminal panicle branched already from g-kidney-shaped, the size of a lin ppy, smooth, green-yellow to reddish, containing * ody 1-celled putamen. : Bouea. ] ANACARDIACER. 305 Has.—Not unfrequent in oe tropical and lower mee orests all over Burma from Arracan and Pegu down to Tenasserim and the Andamans ane. cultivated all over the soanilg: —Fl, Feb. grea te ig Salg, ix Se aticais ‘Ke: Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 14.—An evergreen tree (40—60-+ 1535446), all parts glabrous ; ates oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, on an — marginate petiole 1 to } in. long, bluntish acumina te, coriaceous, glabrous, minutely and elegantly net-veined between the thin Ladson nerves, the mid- rib broad and on both sides prominent ; flowers small, sessile or g yellow longitudinal line ; stamen 1, fertile, the anther purple ; om 5-lobed, smooth ; drupes ovoid- kidney-shaped, the size of a hen egg, smooth, blunt, orange-yellow or yellow, ee slinial terete, containing a ‘large thin-wooded 1-seeded puta —Frequent in the low and lower mixed forests of om ——- and southern slopes of the Pe egu Yomah.—Fl. Dec.-Jan.; Fr. May.—s.x1.—SS. =Lat. p. Dil. All. 5. < Lour. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 18.—Za-mo ae evergreen tree, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves cheae ellipti- cally-lanceolate, on a robust 1-2 in. long petiole thickened at the base, shortly acuminate or apiculate, firmly coriaceous, 6-10 in. long, glabrous, ek and almost polished beneath, the nerves on aS -2 is long thick pedicels, formin ng a reddish, robust, glabrous, anicle as aa or ptt than the leaves ; the I lobes oblong, blunt, 2 lin. long; petals twice as long, linear, acute ; ee Tenasserim, cultivated. Bn Sok bies so eae ie hae oi Se ey he rE LS eee oO » Ss BOUEA, Meisn. Flowers dares Calyx short, 3-5-parted, the lobes valvate. Petals 3-5, obi acd re Disk very Sigiek: Stamens 3-8, inserted on the disk, all fertile. "Ovary free, sessile, with a solitary onion = U - 306 ANACARDIACER. [ Buchanania. ovule; style short, terminal. Drupe fleshy, the putamen thin, woody, fibrous, indehiscent, l-seeded. Seed nearly erect; radiele inferior.—Trees, wit opposite, simple leaves. Flowers “small, terminal or axillary panicles Panicle small, sessile or nearly so, sais glabrous ; petals } lin sane B. oppositifolia. ‘anicle large, ae i cr couple ous; — lin. long ong B. Burmanica. ssured ; leaves more or less lanceolate, on a rather long petiole, long and bluntish acuminate, 4-5 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy beneath, the nerves impressed beneath ; flowers small, on 1- aE aoe 4 or 5, about 4 a lin bie, linear-oblong, blunt ; stamens 5, all fe rtile ; tesa tg short, broad at the base; drupes ovoid-oblong and somewhat kidney-shaped, size of. a small 7s egg, somewhat compressed, smooth, yellow (or bluish- ar _faPPy> acid or sweet, containing a a thin, woody, 1-seeded 1: See er rare in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim, fre- pent in those of the POINEDE | also generally cultivated all over Burma.— —Fl- ; Fr. 2 -May s.—88.—Metam. SiS eink = oat eyish, very coarsely fibrous and loose-grained; heart- wood large, binckich or reddish, ebony-like, hard, close-grained, rather heavy- 2. B, Burmanica, Griff.—An evergreen tree, the very youns shoots minutely puberulous ; leaves lanceolate or elliptically Tanceo- late, on a longer or shorter glabrous petiole, longer or shorter bluntish acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, in a dried state opaque, the dakeeal 3 nerves impressed on both sides, the midrib and petiole of Has ahedion + in Tennent March. BUCHANANIA, Roxb. "Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx short, 3-5-toothed, persistent, Buchanania. | ANACARDIACER. 307 imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk orbicular, 5-crenate. Sta- he ro) di one fertile with a solitary ovule amastipe from a free basilar funicle. Drupe small, containing a bony or crustaceous 2-valyed putamen. Radicle superior.—Trees, with alternate simple leaves, Flowers small, in terminal and pen panicles * Leaves and panicles more or less tomentose or pubese Leaves on both sides eke or pubescent, large. Panicles stout and stiff ; flowers 2 lin. in diameter, sessile and crowded . B. latifolia, Panicles Be “grey-pubescent ; flowers hardly a line across, lled and lax B, laxiflora. © Leaves small, pube erulous _Deneath, glossy above, retuse, the petiole 1-2 lin, 1 . Siamensis. 2 eee — and more or lade sg ee usually fem ‘ying ; panicles aiotrags or puberulous. O Panicles pate puberulous - B. glabra. oO nicles, etc., quite glab Tous ; flowers pedic celled Leaves equally decurrent at the base ; pedicels v ery slender ; petals a line long, reflexed ; panicles longer than the leaves . B. arborescens. Leaves equally decurrent at the base; pedicels short and stout: .* long, erect; panicles as long or odaie than the - acuminata. ‘one ion on unequally decurrent at the base, large; pedicels very slender ; petals a line hee reflexed ; 8 samuel crowded, shorter gg the leav ; - B. lancifolia. S., the oot ihe more or less villous-pubescent ; leaves hae: to elliptically oblong, on a short, thick, flattened petiole, about 6-7 in. long, blunt, entire, coriaceous, while y oung villous-tomentose beneath and a little pubescent above, io Meee y glabrous above and beneath, shortly tomentose especially on the strong irregular nerves and net-veina- tion ; flowers small, whitish, on short and se pubescent pedicels or almost sessile, clustered-racemose, forming seve nse- branched tomentose panicles at the end of the branchlets; calyx Sparingly stiff-hairy; petals oblong, acute, about a line long ; ceed slender, pA ees disk yellow, deeply 10-crenate ; oray: carpels hispid-pubescent, only one of them fertile; drupes alm ovoid-reniform, the size of a Eeill cherry, slightly aaa ees purplish black, containing a very hard 1-seeded putamen. mmon in th forests, es iall 1 forests, all over Vintan Scan A nik babes deat Ye Meas ; Fr. pr. = Lat. Dil. Metam. CaS. Remarxs.— but not used. Said to good ¢ KS.— Ak gi oP iii Raia give : 2. ‘BAnsifiers; Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 24.—A deciduous tree, 308 ANACARDIACER. [ Buchanania. ll the younger parts greyish tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse at the base, about 6-7 in. long, on a strong petiole 4 an in. long, coriaceous, entire, shortly tomentose, glabrescent above ; flowers minute, on short but slender pedicels, forming a lax spread- ing much-branched greyish or tawny pubescent panicle at the end of the branches; bracts small, subulate; calyx greyish puberulous; the lobes oblong, acute, hardly } lin. long; petals obovate-oblong, hardly a line long; filaments slightly puberulous; ovary-carpels glabrous. ; 2. ages and Pegu above Rangoon.—Fl, Jan.-Febr—SS.=Ca. 3. B. Siamensis, Miq.—An evergreen tree, the young branch- lets brown pubescent ; leaves small, obovate to elliptical, rounded or acute at the base, on a very short stout pubescent petiole, more or less retuse or rounded at the apex, 1-2 in. long, firmly coria- ceous, glossy dark-green above, beneath minutely puberulous and ore or less glabrescent, the margins usually recurved; fruitmg racemes about twice as long as the leaves, puberulous, axillary ; drupes on stout peduncles about a line long, the size of a very large pea, almost obcordate-ovoid, slightly compressed, glabrous. Has.—Adjoining Siamese province of Radbooree.—Fr. H.S. 4. B. glabra, Wall; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 23.—A tree ; leaves broadly elliptical or oblong to almost orbicular, rounded at the base, on 4 short petiole } in. long, blunt or rounded at the apex, very cora- ceous, the upper-side raised between the nerves, the under-side strong- ly nerved and net-veined, shining ; flowers about a line in diameter, very shortly pedicelled, rather crowded, forming a spreading rusty puberulous glabrescent panicle shorter than the leaves; unmpe fruit glabrous.—(After Hooker.) Has.—Upper Tenasserim. 5. B. arborescens, Bl. (B. ucida, Bl. ; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 24).— evergT tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate to obovate- Has.—Tenasserim. __ 6. B. acuminata, Turcz—A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate to obversely jansoulhes, on aslender — varying much in length and up to | in. long, acuminate at : ~ Gluta. | ANACARDIACER. 309 ends, thin-coriaceous, glabrous and glossy, red-brown in drying, n veined on both sides ; flowers small, white, a little more at 2 lin. in diameter, on short and stout pedicels, forming glabrous lax panicles usually longer than the leaves; sepals small, orbicular ; tals 3 lin. long, -erect and straight, oblong; drupes com pressed orbicular, glabrous. Has.—Forests of the Andamans and of Tenasserim. 7. B. lancifolia, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 24.—A large evergreen tree, the young shoots tawny villous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, ona glabrous petiole 1-1} in. long, tapering at the base, 7-8. in. long, bluntis h acuminate, entire, coriaceous, quite glabrous, the nerves conspicuous, the net-veination irregular; flowers small, white, on 2-3 i long glabrous pedicels, laxly cymu- lose, forming usu ally numerous sea we glabrous, lax, and rather slender panicles at the end of the branchlets ; calyx glab- ; petals ee rather blunt, about 2 lin. fog fila- aver as long as the ovary, glabrous ; ovary-carpels quite glabrous ; pes the size of a ngs pea, somewhat compressed, obliquely oblong. Has.—From Chittagong and Arracan down to the Andamans, in tropical forests. re C.S. 3 GLUTA, L. Flowers spain wy oy < apts seers splitting irregular- ly, caducous. Petals 5 (rarely 4 Tas 6), adhering to the base of the raised stalk-like torus, imbrica’ Stamens 4-6, inserted above the petals on the torus ; ‘filaments y copillan: free. Ovary stalked, ilicse 1-celled, with a solitary ovule suspended from a free basilar funicle ; style filiform, lateral. Berry stalked, deformed, with a thick rind. Testa connate with the endocarp and abound- ing in a black balsamous juice. —Trees, with alternate simple leaves, the juice caustic. Flowers small, in axillary and terminal panicles, Panicle, calyx, and leaf-buds shortly puberulous ; petiole thick, ort G. Tavoyana. All the above parts glabrous ; : petioles long end skeeders >) 5. <<: @Quebpaak: st G. Tav fa f: “Ind: FR ii: re Ot statins 5 —An cori rves and net-veination on pare si ob obaapuanbels lowers middling-sized, yellowish, on 2-4 lin. long, slender, puberulous pedi- eels, ices short almost simple or branched axillary and terminal 310 ANACARDIACER. [ Anacardium. ’ puberous; petals linear-spathulate, nearly twice as long as the calyx ; stamens 4, exserted, the filaments glabrous, filiform, up to the middle adnate to the stalk-like torus; berries drupe-like, much deformed-globose and depressed, roughish. Has.—Coasts of Tenasserim from Tavoy southwards.—Fl. Nov. 2. G. elegans, Kz. ; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 22.—A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, torus. Has.—Tenasserim, along the coasts. ReMaRxs.—Wood good for furniture, and when steeped in ferruginous mud turns jet black, looking like ebony. Used also for building purposes, boxes, &¢., and for dyeing (with different mordants, from orange to black). NV. B.—G, longipetiolata, Kz.—An evergreen small tree (25— 30+ 10—15+3—4) of the coast-forests of the Andamans, has the leaves about half a foot long or longer, the petioles stronger, up to 2 in. lo Flowers and fruits still unknown. ANACARDIUM, Rottb. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous, erect. Petals 5, imbricate. Torus i ing Stamens 8-10, unequal, all or some of them fertile, the base of the Rlamiente aattel wath I. 3 y. cae A *, sdldy she ike evergreen (25—30+ g—15+2-5)s }; bark rough and cracked ; leaves obovate to 000 > iek and broad petiole, rounded or bluntish -7 in. long, blunt or almost repand, entire, co Hf. Ind. Fl. ii, 20; Bedd. Sylv. Madr-, Semecarpus. | ANACARDIACER, 311 glabrous, the nerves and net-veination conspicuous on both sides; sea small, on 14-2 lin. long minutely puberulous pedicels, form- ing bracted terminal i ite more or less minutely greyish puberu- lous panicles; bracts lanceolate, puberulous ; calyx 5-cleft to near the base ; ; petals liséitclomeialeesc revolute, pale-yellowish with pink streaks, 6-7 lin, long ; —o usually 9 or 10, one o longer; nut kidney-shaped, blunt, the size of a plum, compressed, seated on a fleshy glabrous orange-coloured edible pares of the size and shape of a small pear. Has:—In the iret forests and along sandy sea-shores and dunes — fee moe y cairo Tenasse Also cultivated in villages.—Fl. Nov.-Dech. Ca. ReManRKs. ate dark-brown, Liar for charcoal. Exudes pes i at ucid lik arabic, form A Boo y arnish. The juice incisions in the bart vie iclds an tilchibie in ing ink. ‘The pericarp Of | the cee doi ye a or pe enc apple-oil), while the seeds themselves produces a black acri yield a very good edi SEMECARPUS, L.f. Flowers polygamous. Calyx a ee the lobes deciduous, imbri- cate. Petals 5, valvate or imbrica ——— 5, inserted to cup-shaped or turbinate hypocarp (engrossed base of the calyx) ; ite pericarp thick, hard, cellular and resinous. Seed pendulous. 9 Superior, $8 te ties with alternate oe leaves. Flowers panicles * Nut much exserted Srom the fleshy des Ovary quite x ve! tomentose or pubescent. + Hypocarp (enlarged fleshy ‘base of calyx) as large or nearly as large as the nut. coriaceous, blunt, densel pu and strongly net-veined beneath; nut not or almost not oblique . 8. Anacardium, softly pubes- cent beneath, the net-veination faint ; it; nut very oldie - &. Sores cece on a one glaucous beneath, = net-veination strong nut ~ y obi 13-1 in. across é - S. heterophyllus. X X Ovary. qui nite glabrous. . A tree; leaves chartaceous, + eae glabrous; panicles quite 8. subpanduri- gla "ous ; nut an in, s JSormis. A simple: 3 panicles densely nae cen 3 nut ones . & subracemosus, 2A TE cio to fhe hepovere, ie ls ea Tanai ghthecun ne. pabescont’ mn whitish beneath; nut velvety, ne athe from the sappy veined puberulous hypocarp . &. albescens. 312 ANACARDIACER. [ Semecarpus. 1. §, Anacardium, L.f.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 146; Brand. For. Fl. 124.—A leaf-shedding tree, 30-40 ft. high, all the younger parts shortly tomentose or densely puberulous; leaves crowded at the end of the branches, obovate or oblong (those of the shoots or young trees not seldom elongate and cuneate-obovate with a short point), rounded or obtuse at the base, on a strong 1-2 in. long densely puberulous petiole, to 14 ft. long, blunt or mucronate, entire, harshly coriaceous, glabrescent above, the under-surface covered with a thin grey velvety tomentum, the net-veination very coarse and prominent; flowers small, dull greenish yellow, the female ones on 1-3 lin. long very thick tomentose pedicels, racemu- lose and nearly twice larger than the clustered almost sessile male ones, both forming a terminal, ample and robust, tomentose panicle of the length of the leaves or shorter ; males: petals about a line long, oblong-lanceolate ; stamens 5, the filaments slender; ovary reduced to a tuft of hairs; females and hermaphrodites: petals about 2 lin. long; stamens often incomplete ; ovary densely ap- pressed tawny hispid ; styles 3; nuts about an in. long, about as long as broad, smooth, black, shining, almost broadly oval and somewhat compressed, notched-obtuse at the top, the hypocarp turbinate, fleshy, yellow, smooth, nearly as large and thick as the nut itself. -Has.—Chittagong. Said to occur also in Burma.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. c.s.—l. REMaRKS.—Wood grey or reddish white, soft and useless. Nuts used as @ mordant, and for making an indelible marking-ink. Yields a bright gum. 2. S. panduratus, Kz.—Chyay-pen.—A tree (50—60+20—30 obliquely oblong, longer than broad, produced in a short, oblique, bluntish poi Has.—Frequent in the w ixed forests all Pegu and Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. elevation. —Fr. 0.8.—1--SS.-—-SiS., Situs ae REMangs.—Wood white, turni brown, rather light, coarsely fibrous and soapatangns grace soft, cain, ae soon attacked by xylophages. Yields a black resin, and the nuts yield an indelible ink. | 8. S. heterophyllus, Bl—An evergreen tree (30—40 +8—l +4—5), the branches stout and puberulous while young; /¢4¥ plongate-obla te to oblanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, on 4 = ce = 1 Et oy Nig pew: EAS ret EES ep at eT Semecarpus. } ANACARDIACER. 313 Tous; ovary densely tawny tomentose; nut very obliquely oval, somewhat longer than broad, up to 14 in. long, glabrous and glossy, the hypocarp comparatively small, usually glabrous or glabrescent, Has.—Rare in the beach forests of the Andamans,—Fr. March-Apr. 4. §, subpanduriformis, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 85.—A leaf. shedding tree (40—60+20—30+4—6), all parts quite glabrous; leaves cuneate-obovate to cuneate-oblong, obtuse or acuminate at tf k ta : or yellowish hispid ; ovary quite glabrous ; styles 8, 2-cleft at the HaB.—Frequent in the moister upper mixed forests of Arracan; also in Chittagong —Fr. Octob.—l.—S8.—=SiS. u n of th leaves and often collected in branched panicles at the end of th branches; calyx puberulous; pe i te ; stamens 5, all fertile, the filaments capillary; disk shortly hispid- - long, the engrossed fleshy hypocarp nearly as large, yellow. Has.—Prome District.—Fl. H.S. 6. S.albescens, Kz. (Holigarna albicans, H£. Ind. Fl. ii. 314 ANACARDIACER. [ Drimycarpus. 38).—An evergreen tree (50—60+25—30+4+4—6), glabrous, or the branchlets and younger parts all velvety pubescent; leaves elongate-obovate to cuneate-lanceolate and almost oblong, on a strong tomentose or glabrous petiole 3-1 in. long, 7-12 im. long, shortly and bluntish acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the narrowed base, oc etnennn, above Slossy >. glabrous, or the midrib above min y pubescent, and beneath covered. with a thin, white, 5 _ Gx Somat with yet soft ccnally dette Shar the leaves; calyx minute, pubescent ; 2 valvate or nearly so, about a line long, shortly pubescent; ovary site appressed hirsute, with 3 thick glabrous stigmas; disk w, glabrous; stamens 5, usually 1 or 2 of them abortive and Seow. than the others ; filaments short and broad. Ovary densely tawny-hispid ; nuts oblique, broader than long, only the prs ex- serted from the fleshy yellowish orange-veined minutely pube edible hypocarp. Var. 1, ALBESCENS PROPER; leaves puberulous beneath. Var. 2, GLABER ; all parts, also the leaves beneath, glabrous. Hazs.—Not hams in the tropical forests of Martaban down to Tenas- ; serim ; rather rare in those of the Pegu Yomah, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. = Jan.-Febr.; Fr. March-Apr.—s.—SS.—=Metam. SiS. Remarxks.—Exudes a black varnish. DRIMYCARPUS, Hf. | Flowers polygamous; calyx 5-lobed, imbricate ; petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted at the hase of the annular rather broad disk. Ovary inferior, with a solitary ovule attached to the ak of the feet otyle 1, very short. Par inferior, » ith atest Bd. 5 eo ot BS fas) 5 a = fo We S va =} ta] ? aa i) ~ =} < bE. ° =] oO ° So mn ns po] Q < >) =) n 2 B Q. be. & Pe = Ba ae a 5 petals ovate iin the Blamen 3 % Holigarna. | ANACARDIACER. 315. like, obliquely and transversely oval, the size of a large cherry, l-s » when ripe red, acrid-juicy and fibrous-fleshy. Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah, especially along the eastern slopes; also Chittagong.—Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. June-J uly.— 8.—SS.=SiS. S.=S: HOLIGARNA, Ham. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-toothed, imbricate ; petals 5, slightly cohering at the base and with the filaments, valvate ; what compressed, resinous-fleshy, the putamen coriaceots.—Trees, with alternate simple leayes, the petiole furnished with glands or barb-like stipules above the middle. Flowers small, in axill both sides with a pair of barb-like appendages, shortly acuminate, Haxs.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and of the Pegu Yomah ; Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. Apr.-May.—s.—SS. =Metam.—SiS. Remarxs.—Wood rather heavy, brown, soft, close-grained, perishable, and _ S00n attacked by xylophages, Yields a black varnish. Flowers ‘hermaphrodite; calyx 5-lobed, imbricate. Petals 5, 316 ANACARDIACER. [ Swintonia. adnate to the torus, imbricate, after flowering much enlarging and wing-like. Torus elongate, cylindrical, bearing the petals at its middle and the 5 stamens at the apex. Ovary sessile, with a sessile and adnate to the wing-like petals, coriaceous. Seed soli- tary.—Trees, with alternate simple leaves. Flowers small, in ter- minal large but slender panicles. Leaves uniformly green and glossy 5 pedicels 3-5 lin. long, the cuous » a . As preceding but leaves dark-brown, the netréemation obsolete . S. Helferi. Leaves glaucous and opaque pe emeaeds vim els $-1 lin, long; hardly a line long; drupes oblong. é . . S&. Schwenckii. . S. Griffithii, Kz. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 26.—A_ lofty evergreen 2 all parts quite ’ glabrous ; ; leaves crowded towards the end of lobes very short, rounded ; petals linear-lanceolate, nearly 3 lin. long, very soon enlarging ; 3 style as long as the obliquely ovoid ovary, thick, with a discoid-capitate stigma ; drupes (unripe) obo- vate, sessile, adnate to, and supported by, the 5 spreading wing- shaped linear-lanceolate purple petals. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. §. Helferi f. Ind. Fl. ii —An evergreen tree, very near to the pr ing but the A stouter; leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute at the base, on a long slender petiole, bluntish acuminate, 6-10 im. long by 1-14 ie copiously nerved (nerves 25-30 pene) » waved-bordered, drying dark-brown ; panicles much rs Has. ae or A 3. S. Schwenckii, T.e ey ; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 26.—Thayet-san.— An evergreen tree Oige-be-2 Ese , all parts daite glab- rous; bark about 3 lin. thick, rather smooth, finely transversely wrinkled ; cu apse brown; leaves oblong- to nial on BS ee conspicuous ; flow cin msinistes yellowish os 2 | ¢ i" Melanorrhaa. | ANACARDIACER, 317 white, on less than a line long slender not thickened pedicels, very numerous, cymulose-racemose, and forming a very — slender hilieons panicle at the end of the branches and in the th upper leaves and usually 3-4 times longer than them; alge ve size of a bean, blunt, smooth and red, adnate to, and supported by, the 5 oblong-linear reflexed 2 in. long longitudinally nerved pur- plish — petals. ry frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban down to Tenasserim, Has.— columnar. Females: Ovary free, eng with a solitary pe ulous 4 _ovule; style Soggees unequally 3-cleft. Fruit coriaceous, sessile, : 1-seeded.- Trees, alternate se leaves, Flowers rather in ample pel 1. P. insignis, H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 80.—An evergreen tree (80— | 1004.30 60+ 812), the eA ali parts tawn y villous ; leaves a unpaired-pinnate, the rachis and_ petiole pen and glabrous ; es leaflets usually in 9 pairs with an odd one, ovate-oblong to ovate, 4 . = ite oblique, on a short puberulous petiolule, acuminate, 4-5 in. » eh us, glabrous, the nerves thin, but conspicuous OB = : sides ; #Rspabe — small, on slender 3- ATK long pubescent a sat y ose and forming an ample villous panicle sf abeat the length of the font Lore linear or _ linear-lanceolate, tawny or rusty pubescent, 2-3 -3 lin. long ; Rhus. J ANACARDIACER. 319 © cent on the upper surface, 2-3 in. long. Has.— Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans; also Tenasserim.— Fr. May.—s.—S8.=SiS. , RHUS, L. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-6-parted, persistent, imbricate, Petals 4-6, imbricate. Stamens 4-6 or 10, free, inserted at the base of the annular disk; the filaments subulate, in the females castrate. Ovary sessile, with a solitary ovule suspend m a free basilar funicle; styles 3, short and long, free or connate. Drupes small, dry or sappy, containing a crustaceous or bony 1- e tamen.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate, pinnate or pin- nately 3-foliolate (rarely simple) leaves. Flowers small, in axillar and terminal panicles. Leaves glabrous, 3-foliolate, the leaflets entire ; panicles glabrous. R. paniculata. Leaves pinnate, pubescen: s serrate-toothed; panicles to- mentose or puberulous ; Pp th and bony “ . R. Javanica, As preceding, but petiole slender and glabrous ; endocarp fibrous , R. Khasiana. 1. R. paniculata, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 10.—A little leaf- shedding tree, all parts glabrous; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on oblong, blunt; drupes obliquely oblong, compressed, the size of a lentil, smooth and glossy. : Has.—Not uncommon in the Eng and dry forests of Prome and Ava.—Fl. Sept.; Fr. Jan—1—SS.=Lat. CaS. 2. R. J: Hf Ind. Fi. ii. 10)—A tree (25—30+8—15+1—2), probably leaf-shedding, all softer parts pubescent or tomentose ; leaves un- tomentose beneath, the nerves more or less conspicuous ; flowers yellowish, small, very shortly pedicelled, clustered and forming 320 ANACARDIACER, [ Tapiria. rusty or tawny villous or pubescent terminal large panicles ; petals obovate, about a line long; drupes compressed-orbicular, the size of a —_ pmenes white, peated clammy, and while young — ; ee t a in the hill Eng forests and drier hill forests of Maras ay at t 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation; also Ava.—FIL. Sept.-Oct.; Fr. Apr.— SS.=Metam. Remarxs.—Wood greyish white, soft and light. R. Khasiana, H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 10.—A large tree; leaves 1- ve fi long, Enpaired-pinnate, the petiole terete, very slender, soft, pubescent towards the tip; leaflets in 8-12 pairs, obliquely lanceo- late, almost sessile, ah fe at the base, 3-4 in. long, incised-ser- rate, long-acuminate, membranous, hairy chiefly on the very slender nerves beneath; flowers unknown; drupes 2} in. in diameter, in open panicles, orbicular-ovate . pedicelled, compressed, the epicarp papery, pale-coloured, irregularly torn, exposing a fibrous endocarp. —(From Hooker’s Ind. FI.) Has.—Chittagong. TAPIRIA, Juss. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Petals 5, enbetents Stamens 10, ‘inserted at the base of the 5-lobed rather 4 road disk; anthers globular. Ovary in the males immersed in the 3 — 4.-5-lobed with as many styles, in the females free, half-im- with a solitary ovule suspended from the ieee of the anny of the cell; style short, conical. Drupe fleshy, containing crustaceous 1-seeded putamen .—Trees or shrubs, erect or ‘scandal with alternate pinnate leaves. Flowers minute, in axillary an =— all parts more or less soos sat leaves unpaired-pinnate, shortly petioled, the rachis hirsute ; leaflets usually i in 6 pairs with 5S odd y acuminate, serrate, m oe bissnte or short hairs, the midrib dete Bend hirsute ; flowers minute. s on 1-14 lin. long capillary glabrous pedicels, eymulose and forming very slender axillary and terminal hirsute panicles longer than the leaves ; petals ovate, acute, about 3 lin. long ; disk yellow, She ovaries 5, connate, but t the upper parts with the styles free, abortive but one ; drupes the size of a large pea, cones! oblong or ovoid-kidney-shaped, fleshy, red, marked with 4 irregularly disposed a oe abortive Ovaries). Odina. ] ANACARDIACER. 321 ODINA, Roxb. _ _ Flowers polygamously dioecious; calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent, — Petals 4-5, Ambricate.. Disk annular, 4- or 5-crenate. the persistent styles, containing a hard 1-seeded putamen.—Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves. Flowers small, clustered and form- ] 1. 0. Wodier, Roxb. ; H-f. Ind. Fi. ii. 29; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 123 ; Brand. For. Fl. 123.—Na-dai.—A tree (30—60+ 15—40 +8—10), remaining low and stunted in sterile localities, leafless during H.S., the very young parts and leaf-buds minutely puberulous; g -—Frequent in all sorts of leaf-shedding forests, all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans, up to 3,000 ft. elevation. —Fl. Feb.-March ; Fr. Sept.-Oct.—1—SS.—= a SiS. Remarxs.—Sap-wood rather light and coarse, of a white colour, turning Pale-brown ; heart-wood heavier, close-grained, of a reddish brown colour. O° +65 pd. It is said to be very difficult to season. The heart-wood is used for sheaths of swords, spear-handles, oil- itis a good wood for cabinet-work. The tree yields a yellowish gum i c es ae : _ able quantities, which furnishes an inferior varnish. The bark is good for SPONDIAS, L. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-5-cleft, imbricate, deciduous. : Ww: Petals 4.5, nearly valvate. Stamens 8-10, inserted under the cup- _ Shaped rather broad crenate disk. Ovary sessile, free, 4 -or 5-celled, with cell. Drupe fl litary pendulous ovule in each eshy, large, —- containing a hard and bony 3-4-celled putamen. Kadicle superior keg ‘ 322 ANACARDIACE®. [ Dracontomelum. —Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves. Flowers minute, in termi- nal eS S. era, Pers.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 42; Bedd, Sylv. Mads. Km: 99; rand, For. Fl. 128.—Gway.—A tree (90—100 % +50—60+ 10—1 ma see: awng the greater part of the D.S., ark an inch all parts glabrous ;_ bar thick, smooth, grey, slightly cracked; leaves unpaired pinnate glabrous, the "petiole terete ; leaflets ‘usually in to 5 pairs with an odd one, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, sce shortly petioluled, 3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, membranous, entire, glabrous, the parallel numerous nerves thin and faint and uniting along the margin; flowers small, whitish, almost sessile, clustered, forming a robust glabrous panicle at the did of the thick branchleta ; et oblong-lanceolate, about 2 lin. long; disk large, fleshy ; stamens 10, very short; drupes drooping, elliptical or ovoid, the size ofa pullet’s egg, fleshy, smooth, yellow, very acerb, but edible, containing a large fibrous- woody 5-celled putamen, of which usually only 1-2 seeds come to : bent : s9—Preguet i in the mixed forests, especially the upper ones, all. over tooo agong, Prome, and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 3, ft. eiseaition. FL March-Apr. —Fr. C8.—1—SiS. = w Si8. EMARKS.—Wood white, soft, coarse and useless. The tree yields large quantities of a transparent juice which soon hardens into a mild, Snsipe ellowish gum, somewhat resemblin -arabic. DRACONTOMELUM, Bl. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Petals 5, almost valvate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the crenate 3; Ovary sessile, 5-celled, with a pendulous solitary ovule in eac cell; styles 5, thick, ovary-shaped. Drupes globose or spheroid, fleshy, the putamen bony, 2-5-celled.—Trees, with alternate pim- _ nate leaves. Flowers small, almost clustered, in axillary or r almost — a eae cles mangiferum, Bl Ind. Fl. ii. 43.—An evergreen tree (901 00+ oe 3—1 Ot the shoots tawny pubescent leaves aired- (rarely and only occasionally pairedly) pinnate, the semi- - Scoot petiole pe abnoet te terete rachis yobeeniee’: and_short- 2 Dracontomelum. | CONNARACER. 323 velvety panicles shorter than the leaves; calyx mimutely appressed puberulous, the lobes oblong, blunt; petals about 4 En. long or longer, their tips reflexed ; drupes the size of a wood-apple, some- what depressed-globose, about. 1- 1} in. in diameter, roughish or smooth, yellowish or orange-yellowish, acerb- fleshy, but edible, containing a large, much depressed, bony, irregularly and obsoletely Sates putam - ra in the tropical sad moister upper mixed forests of the . a ieee re Apr.-May.—s.—SS. = Metam j racemulose, forming large axillary densely puberulous or almost CONNARACEA. d umen files r ne.— Trees or sete tin often scandent, with alternate 1-3-foliolate Ge tiniiste te leaves. Leaves usually sm mall, in racemes or panicles. An order of little known value, containing only small trees and | scandent shrubs. The Demerara zebra-w: is sal come from ss gihee a Lamberti. * Sepals imbric. Albumen none. Calyx e: enlarged in tollicle spasicle % yt gee owrea: Calyx unchanged or aon Babin follicle stalked ‘ ‘ : . Connarus, Carpels 5-7, sessile ; leaves unpaired-pinnate; follicles pilose Carpels 5, sessile; leaves ‘unpaired-pinnate ; follicles glabrous me within eer - Teniochlena, “cece leaves 1-foliolate ; small tres . 2. Ellipanthus. ROUREA, Aubl. ss a 5-parted, the lobes imbricate, hardening and lai: ig ren abe the calyx. Stamens 10, the 5 alternating one ts filiform, united in a ring at the base. Carpel 324 CONNARACER. [ Rourea. 5, 4 of them usually imperfect and style-shaped; style subulate. Follicle sessile, usually curved outwards, at the base closely sur- rounded with the enlarged calyx. Arillus complete or incomplete, split. Testa smooth, glossy. Albumen none.—Shrubs or little trees, sometimes scandent, with pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary panicles. * All parts quite glabrous, Leaflets in few (not above 6) pairs, acuminate to caudate. Leaflets 14-2 in. long, the rachis and petiolules very slender . R, pulchella. me Leafi in. long, the rachis and petiole stout : ‘ . R. commutata, * * Inflorescence, leaf-rachis, and often the under-surface of the leaflets, puberulous or shortly pilose. Leaflets in numerous pairs, small, usually retuse or rounded at apex. X Sepals erect and cupular-clasping. Leaflets pubescent or pilose beneath . : Leaflets glabrous on both sides. ‘ x x5 i . R. villosa. ij ; . R. Wailichiana. epals spreading. Leaflets obliquely ovate or obovate, 2-lobed at the summit . . R. stenopetala. than them; calyx-lobes rotundate-ovate, blunt, minutely ciliate ; petals twice as long as the sepals, oblong. Hazs.—Tenasserim. . glabrous, the rachis and petiole strong; leaflets usually large, or 3 pairs with an odd one, or not seldom in 4-6 pairs with or wit out an odd one, poate Rourea. } ANACARDIACER. 325 and bending outwards, exposing the solitary seed enveloped in the orange-coloured complete arillus. _Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests from Martaban and Tenas- serim down to the Andamans; also Chittagong.—Fl. May-June. an in. long, opening alon. e inner edge and exposing the single oblong seed enclosed in the complete arillus, Has.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein southwards. _ 5. R, stenopetala, H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 49.—A scandent shrub, the branchlets pubescent ; leaves 2-4 lin. long, the petiole slender and | ing on both sides, the midri eath pubescent, the nerves and net-veination obscure; racemes apparently almost re- icles ; bracts ovate, fe i ; icels slender ; 326 ANACARDIACES. [ Connarus. CONNARUS, L. Calyx 5-parted, ihe lobes not enlarging, imbricate, persistent or deciduous. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, sometimes slightly cohering. Stamens 10, ‘alternately shorter and sometimes castrate ; Hlaisents filiform, uni it m. aring atthe base. Disk none or thin and annular. Carp els 5, 4 of which usually minute or quite suppressed ; style ae Follicle stalked, coriaceous, opening along the inner suture, one-seeded. Arillus incomplete, obed and adnate to the broad hilum. Testa glossy. Albumen none,—Little trees or shrubs, usually scandent, with alternate piri or rarely pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets in few pairs. Flowers small, in axillary panicles or rarely racemes. icles tomentose outside. Rachis of evte and leaflets iene _— follicles tomen- tose C. semidecandrus. * Foltictes more or Tess pubescent or velvety within, giab- or nearly so ou x Petioles. and leaflets beneath pubescent, the nervation very indistinct . C. Griffithii. xX X Leaflets perfec tly glabrous ; follicles stalked. —— Follicles chartaceous or thin mpage a striate. : A large llicles about an inch long or pes . C. paniculatus. Climber ; fa follicles about 4 in. long or penewliak Gonder. ~ x. Seen se! Apparently like preceding, but the follicles nearly cylindrical . C. latifolius. +--+ Follicles woody. : Leaflets thick, coriaceous, large; follicles about 2in.long . ~~ C. grandis. 1. C. semidecandrus, Jack.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 52.—A small tree, the young shoots softly rusty villous; leaves unpaired-pinnate; leaflets in 1-2 pairs with an odd one, ovate-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, entire, smooth above, slightly villous beneath, 3-4 in. long, the nerves lucid; flowers light-bluish, in brownish ous panicles at the end of the Sranchlote and in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts small ; sepals erect, tomentose, reddish ; petals the other 5 sho: sterile, all united into a ring at the base ; follicle oe rusty-coloured, 2-valved, 1-seeded, earuncled.—(From Jack’s Mal. Misc.) Has.—Southern Tenasserim (according to Hooker). 2. C. Griffithii, H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 52.—Branches slender, pubes- cent ; petiole pubescent ; leaflets ovate- or elliptical 'y lanceolate, hin eous, = han twice as long, eabrous ligulate ; glabrous.—(From Hooker's Ind. FL) HaB.—Southern Tenasserim. Connarus. ] - CONNARACER. 327 3. C. paniculatus, Roxb.—A large timber tree, the young shoots clothed with a little rusty down; leaves unpaired-pinnate, about a foot long, the petiole smooth ; leaflets in 2 or 3, rarely in a single pair, with an odd one, almost opposite, ovate-oblong, blunt- ish acuminate, 3-6 in. long, smooth and glossy ; flowers decandrous in large spreading rusty pubescent panicles at the end of the branch- lets and in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts small, caducous, villous ; sepals oblong, concave; petals somewhat longer than the sepals, linear-lanceolate (without bristles at the base) ; filaments alternately longer, united at the base; carpels and the long style hairy, the stigma somewhat capitate.—(From Roxburgh.) Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. June. C. gibbosus, Wall.; H-f. Ind. Fl. ii. 52.—A large half-scandent 4. C. shrub, the young shoots rusty puberulous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis and petiole glabrous; leaflets in 2 or a single pair with an odd one, opposite and alternate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate and ovate-oblong, on a short and thick petiolule, rounded or obtuse at the base, 4-5 in. long, bluntish acuminate, entire, rather coriaceous, glabrous, more or less glossy above ; flowers small, white, on very short thick densely rusty-puberulous pedicels, cymulose and forming large terminal and axillary rusty-tomentose or densely puberulous panicles usually longer than the leaves ; calyx brown, densely rusty- puberulous, the lobes linear-oblong, acute, 14 lin. long; petals in opening ovate-oblong, lengthening and becoming linear, 2-3 times as long as the calyx, slightly puberulous or glabrous, villously- ciliate ; filaments very long and slender, glabrous; ovary densely rusty-villous; follicles ovoid-oblong and somewhat compressed, narrowed in a thick stalk, more or less transversely nerved-striated, about an inch long, slightly rusty-puberulous, but soon glabres- cent ; seed oblong, glossy black, the arillus lobed, not half so long. Has.—Common in the tropical and hill forests, entering also the poonzohs, from Chittagong, the southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. May-June—l. xs.—SS. = Metam. Dil. 5. C. latifolius, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 53.—Leaflets ellipti- cally oblong with contracted, blunt or notched points, 4-7 in long, coriaceous, quite glabrous, the nerves in 5 pairs, slender, arched, the net-veination indistinct ; flowers 3 in. long, in widely spreading panicles; follicles 3 in. long by 3 broad, shortly sub-cylindrical, with very round tops, and an obscure sub-lateral point, abruptly ted into the stalk, very turgid, finely puberulous within.— d. Fi.) oe (From Hooker’s In H4s.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein southwards. 328 CONNARACEE. : [ Cnestis. 6. C. grandis, Jack ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 53.—A moderately sized tree, all parts glabrous; beets unpaired-pinnate, the petiole very a stout ; leaflets in 1 or 2 pairs with an odd one, very large (8-14 in. long), = vada mitiints to elliptically oblong, on short stout petiol- | ules, bluntish acuminate or blunt, thick coriaceous, polished, the . transverse nerves distinct beneath ; flowers } in. long, in spreading greyish puberulous panicles ; sepals linear-oblong, blunt ; petals 4 twice as long, linear, dilated upwards, almost glabrous ; filamen ts puberulous, the alternate ones 3 times ‘longer ; follicles oblique, con- tracted into the stalk, rounded at the sutures, about 2 in. long bs #-1 broad, turgid, » woody, glabrous, coarsely striate — acco’ ing to J. ack), r Has.—Tenasserim or Andaman Islands {according to Hooker). CNESTIS, Juss. Flowers polygamously dioecious. Calyx 5-parted, the sepals ee valvate, persistent and spreading under the fruit. Petals5, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 10, almost equal ; filaments filiform, 3 . Carpels 5, sessile, the styles short. Follicles 1 or 2, 4 ceous. Arillus none. Albumen fleshy.—Little trees or ‘apually ; scandent shrubs, with pinnate eaves: the leaflets in numerous pairs. Flowers solitary or clustered, in small racemes or rarely in panicles axillary or from the branches. i Scandent shrub ; ; sepals a line long; leaflets nse opposite . . C. platantha. | of = often alternate . » . . C. ramifiora. . C. platantha, Griff. —Taw-hyet-louk or _fyet-mouk-nee. —A iesas scandent shrub, in dry situations remaining low, all softer mentose or pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis and petiole tomentose ; leaflets i in numerous pairs with an odd one, opposite or nearly so, obion ng or nearly so, often a little rhomboid, on a very short thick tomentose petiolule or almost sessile, varying in size from 1 to 3 in. long, blunt or shortly and bluntish acumi- nate, rounded or almost cordate at the usually wae = oblique = : = the leaves scinaelvee and much sKarier than them ; linear- oblong, pubescent, slightly imbricate at the base or sista valvate, _ out a lin. long ; 5, occasionally 6, linear-oblong, blunt or ee notched, as long as the sepals, glabrous ; carpels 5-7, tonen™ * 3 follicles’ oblo ng-lanceolate, often paired, sessile, bluntish a ? | Ellipanthus. J CONNARACER, oy s:) velvety-tomentose outside and bright red, densely tawny setose within, thick and fleshy coriaceous, acid and edible. Has.—Frequent all over Burma in the tropical and low forests from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl, R. S.; Fr. Apr.- May.—s: 1],—SS.—petrophilous, Metam. Lat. p. RemarKs.—Wood soft and white. » ae 4 ramiflora, Griff.—Very like the preceding, but an erect shrub or small tree and the leaflets much. alternate and usually more acute ; flowers larger, on longer pedicels ; sepals about 2 lin long ; rest as in preceding species. Has.—Tenasserim. ELLIPANTHUS, Hf. Calyx 5-parted, not enlarging, nearly erect, valvate. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, imbricate. Stamens 10, the alternating 5 without anthers ; filaments short, subulate, united ina tube at the base. Carpel solitary, dehiscing along the outer suture, tapering in ashort style. Follicle stalked, coriaceous, glabrous within. Aril- lus basilar. Albumen none.—Small trees or shrubs, with 1-foliol- ate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary short racemes. X Both surfaces of leaf glabrous. Leaves and petiole glabrous fae, ee ee Midrib beneath and petiole puberulous. . . . . . &. Helferi. X X Leaves pubescent or puberulous beneat: eG oe tomentosus. 1. 2 calophyllus, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 55.—A little ever- green tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with a girth of 2-3 ft., the leaf-buds tawny pubescent ; leaves 1-foliolate, ovate-oblong to oblong, on a glabrous petiole an inch long or longer, bluntish acuminate, 5-6 in ong, almost coriaceous, entire, glabrous, copiously and elegantly small, on straight rather short densely puberulous pedicels, forming short densely puberulous axillary racemes hardly an inch long; petals linear-oblong, densely velvety, about 3 lin. long; follicles obliquely oblong, tapermg in a short and thick stalk, compressed, apiculate, about an inch long, coriaceous, velvety-tomentose, glabrous within , Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans,—Fl. May; Fr. June-July.—s.—SS.—=Metam. 330 _ LEGUMINOSZ. { Ellipanthus. | oe racemes or rather fascicles; expanded flowers and fruits not seen, the buds § in. long. Hazp.—Tenasserim or Andamans. axillary branched racemes or small panicles ; petals oblong, blunt, about 2 lin. long, densely tomentose; follicles obliquely oblong, apiculate, somewhat compressed, about 2 in. long, tapering in a ond short and thick stalk, velvety tomentose ; seed large, glossy- lack. Haz.—In the tropical forests of the southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.; Fr. March-Apr.—s. ? LEGUMINOS. Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or regular. Calyx various, . 5- : merous, regular or irregular, imbricate or valvate, rarely the sepals all ; ee. Corolla of 5.or rarely fewer petals, or wanting altogether, perigynous or rarely hypogynous, irregular and more or less pea- zB z 5 2 : =] 5 ® 2 E a 3 ‘4 J = 3. ° 3 | species. The petals in Papilionacee are called differently from those inmost other orders, viz., the upper petal is called the standard, the lateral ones go by the name of: wings, while the 2 lowermost form : ae the forester the family is of great importance, and many of thee nt timbers, like black- or rose-wood, sandal-wood, siss00, Ellipanthus. | LEGUMINOSA. 331 iron-wood, sha, &c., ~~ are the produce of leguminose trees. The zebra- Sond of io Janeiro comes from Centrolobium robustum. some Bauhinias yields also inferior cordage. The bark of others, ) especially Mimosee, are good for tanning Peake Gums and resins, such as gum kino, American gum-anime, and African pe racon, balsam of copaiva, gum-arabic, &c., are all produced from trees of this order. The seeds of several species, like Pongamia, yield good oil, while the fruits of others like Cyn ometra, tamarind, carob, &e., are edible. Medicinal properties of various nature, but _ too numerous for enumeration, are met with amongst these legum- inose plants, and the senna is of commercial importance. Sus-orpv. I. Leguminose proper-Flowers more or less irregular. etals imbricate. * Oper. ees at (tandard aa outside in bud. Stamens ith or without a more or x Sea. 10, arly so. ‘Leaves pinnate. Pods aca fleshy coriaceous, Aaa ¢ arillus ornate 3 stip- ules and stipulets present - Arillaria, Pods moniliform, terete or ernest indchiseent or nearly so; aril- lus none ; stipules, but no sti - Sophora, x x Stamen S united . ee or se sheaths, with or without a exillasy — + Pods ods continuo ot arti O Pod indchiseent, usually pang Leaves pinnate. winged. Pod short and thick ; gendeps opposite . Pongamia. Pod reniform niliform, coriaceous or “drupaceous 5 leaflets : . Drepanocarpus. tT P one way or other, flat Leaflets opposite ; ‘ps aro ringed oles the upper or both sutures . . Derris. Leaflets alternate ; pe oblong or linear, usually several-seeded, broadly winged all round ; anthers basifix . an . Dalbergia. Leaflets alternate; pods irregularly orbicular and Peed 5 wing: all a] the solitary seed central ; en Blaiestoh go the leaves + heemaieos pinnate (rarely aed to 8 or 1 ete’ Upper stamen usually pe the others uni in a sheath, or very rarely all united. ' & Pods not chambered inside. Anthers not terminated with a gland; pods often more or less ae woody ; disk ¢ Sssin' % or angular . + Millettia, dat ‘ods chambered inside. : thers terminated by a gues leaves om iit to de capa y 3-1-foliolate_ : . Indigofera, Anthers blunt, wi thout gland ; leaves pinnate rae cea shuniz, 332 . LEGUMINOSE. [ Ellipanthus. f 4 e . Sera binlesteck 2 t+ —_ simple or digitately — or pin- “ tely Bagg Serge creer tamen usually at least at the bas A Pre imple or digitata 9 8-foliolate. Pods in . . . Crotalaria. Pods ens : . Priotropis. AA “Leaves pinnately 3- 1-foliolate. - { Pods indehiscent, bearing the seed at § E Tubs. Prickly Sere — 2 resinous- seed dete 3-foliolate . Erythrina. sad marmed; leaves more or less gland-dotted, 3-1-foliolate ; pods | eenied, ‘nfla a . Flemingia. | Unarmed ; leaves oo resinous- -gland-dotted, B-foliolate 5 pods several- seeded, to . Cajanus. § Climbers o or -twiners. sae 7 flowering nlnane and s ; leaves resinous- . Cylista. Calys changed ; Jeaves not resinous- -dotted. 5 || Flowers from knots (reduced ramifications) along ; rachis. — shorter than the wings; bracts often large, but decid- andes h longer than the wings. " Bracts persis stent . Dioclea. As former, but bracts deciduous and small ; the endocarp separat- ing and enclosing the seeds . Canavalia. Il I — pa inflorescence not thickened | - be the flowe alyx-tu arical, Meee than the ‘iba: ac bet . Clitoria. ++ Pods — the articles dehiscent or indehis- Abnormal genus ; sate ee i -seeded, indehiscent . Lespedeza. : ; Pods 2- many-seeded ; leaves ee 1-3-foliolate ; Jeaflets sti- é . Desmodium. Pods 2- many-seeded, m moniliform ; leaves pinnate; . stipulets none , Ormocarpum. * & Upper petals (standard) always inside, or sometimes ; : | anting or catecad ie in number. x Petals all Jeveaiuat but unequal. Seeds with albumen. © Anthers usually Yoaltlc, oe opening by pores. Leaves ambit 8 pinnate; pods dehiscent or indehiseent, cham- O oO ey ethos versatile, opening by longitudinal slits. : oe Leaves simple or 2-lobed, rarely 2-foliolate. 0s = Calyx eutiesoas or valvately-sepalled . Bauhinia. ee Leaves bipinnate. Sepals more or less Spiny armed; pods chartaccous, torose or almost merger in- 2 dehiscent z . Parkinsonia. aS — Raest rigidly « corinceous, flat, “dehiscent = $ . Poinciana. oe ane car eee bipinnate. Sepals more or = imbri- cS cate. Petals 5, all developed. Anthers versatile, coriaceous or thick, dehiscent or not . . . Cesalpinia. at Pods winged or wing ike extended, indchisoent, ines acter imbricated. iG: q : : a | Ellipanthus. ] LEGUMINOSR. 333 Stigma peltate; pod flat, both margins — like extended ; trees . E - Peltophorum. Pods samaroid 1 with basal seed ; prickly clim| - Pterolobium. 3 pod fiat, thin, the aie margin winged ; Siaburs - Mezoneurum, + Calyx almost valvate, Trees; pod eae cae along the ene ture . . F - Acrocarpus. c):G) Leaves usually a) heagtly,. very rarely unpaired- nate iolate. s im or oe 5 or fewer or none, Anthers versa + Pods ae crustaceo +t Bractlets perpen, enclosing the flower-bud. A — witho Petals 5, the lower 2 minute or ‘isa cating stamens 10, con- nate, the 10th free; oie unpaired-pinnate . - Amherstia, Petals 1 only, the others suppressed ; seins 4; Tenet in 1 or several pairs . . : Missaitiak ” Seeds arillate. ' — and pod echinate ; aa valvate or r nearly so . - « Sindora. Sepals ° - Pahudia, and pod smooth ; calyx-segments im : A +B alias minute or rv yeu perfect petals 3, rudimen mens mona- aeipbers 3 fe them ages pods i fi Catecat with tae - Tamarindus. 4; petals none ; 3-9; leaves ‘abruptly pinnate - Saraca, — Pods i ny or fleshy riaceous. Sepals 4-5 ; petals 5 more ; ee in 1 or =e ee ee ° - Cynometra, Sus-orp. II. Mimoszm.—Flowers regular. Sepals and packs valvate and often united. Stamens definite or very numerous. * sage ae — (5 or 10). oO cot reg or racemes; stamens 10; petals free y 8 O O Flowers in globose or pear-shaped heads. Flower-heads large, # the lower flowers neuter with 10 long mona- delphous staminodes ; pods coriaceous, indehiscent . - Parkia, heed mg small ; pods woody, elastically dehiscing cil ae usually very numerous. tamens indefinite, nay Pee or fad cater at the bas only 3 ; — various —— a tu As preceding, but pods screw-like twisted eee * Pithecolabium, : Seeds arillate, Stamens united inatube . . os Se . Inga. Sus-orp. I. Lxcumros# prorer.—Flowers more or less irregular and often papilionaceons. Petals imbricate. * Standard always outside in bud. 334 LEGUMINOSH. [ Arillaria. densely tomentose; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long; ovary villous ; pods oblong or elliptically oblong, at the base contracted ent in the tropical forests of the southern spurs of the A e leaves, the us. Flowers rather conspl- racemes or racemose panicles, Bracts small, deci¢- usually none, ’ Pongamia, | LEGUMINOSZ. 335 1. S. tomentosa, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 89.—Thin-bo-ma-jee.— An evergreen treelet (15—20 + 6—10 + 1—1}), often remaining shrubby, all parts softly and shortly tomentose; leaves unpaired. pinnate, 3-1 ft. long, the rachis pubescent; leaflets in 5-8 pairs with an odd one, very shortly petioluled, elliptical to oval, very blunt, 1-13 in. long, thin coriaceous, entire, glabrous above, shortly and softly pubescent beneath; flowers middling-sized, yellow, on 2-3 lin. long tomentose pedicels, forming a velyety-tomentose ter- minal raceme ; calyx obliquely truncate, obsoletely toothed, about 3 lin. wide, tomentose; corolla glabrous, about } in. long or some- what longer ; pods moniliform, 2-3 in. long, shortly stalked, acumi- nate, velvety tomentose. Has.—Not unfrequent in the forests of the coasts of the Andamans; also Pegu.—s.—SS, = SiS. . PONGAMIA, Vent. Calyx truncate. Standard orbicular, with inflexed basilar auri- = ; keel slightly incurved, blunt. Stamens 10, the vexillar one t meurved; stigma small, roadly _ oblong or. slightly falcate, thick, but flat, 1-seeded, indehiscent, the sutures blunt without wings. Seeds kidney-shaped.—Trees, with unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets opposite, without stipulets. Flowers in axillary racemes. Bracts very deciduous, bractlets minute or none. a 1. P. glabra, Vent.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 240; Bedd. Sylv. Madr, t.177; Brand. For. Fl. 153.—Zheng-weng or Thin-win—A leaf. shedding tree (40—50+10—15+3—6), all parts glabrous, or the very young shoots sparingly appressed silk-hairy ;) leaves — 2-1 ft. long, unpaired-pinnate, glabrous; leaflets in 2-4 pairs, from ovate and broadly elliptical to elliptically oblong, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, shortly and bluntish acuminate, 14-4 in. lon _ branous ; flowers middling-sized, pale purple with white standard, on minutely puberulous or glabrous 2-3 lin. long pedicels, forming a glabrous or almost glabrous rather short raceme in the axils of the leaves; calyx wide, about 1} lin. deep, minutely puber- “Has.—Common in the tidal and beach forests all along the coasts, from Chittagong down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Feb.-March; Fr. _ -RS—I—8s. = All. Aven. : 336 LEGUMINOSE. ~ [ Drepanocarpus. Ks.—Wood white, turning yellowish, light, coarse-fibrous, Seeds yield a a char earl, “sti yn under the name of karanj DREPANOCARPUS, C. Mey. Calyx bell-shaped, the teeth shorter or longer. Standard broadly ovate or orbicular, without appendages, glabrous or silk- ‘ hairy; wings oblong, often falcate ; keel incurved, on the back united with the petals or free. Stamens a in a single slit : sheath with the panitlag:- one free or not, or forming 2 separate sheaths; anthers versatile. Ovary shortly stalked; “with 1-3 ovules ; style incurved, filiform ; stigma small, terminal. Pods broadly less moniliform contracted between the seeds. Seeds more or less compressed.—Trees or shrubs, erect or scandent, with unpaired- pinnate leaves, the leaflets — alternate _without stipulets. Stipules sometimes spiny-indurat . Flowers in axillary or racemes or panicles. Bracts small, daciinoue bractlets sometimes persistent. * Corolla pubescent outside or glabrous. Stamens united into @ ~~ sheath, Pods — 1-seeded coriaceous to almost fleshy, indehiscent, 1-3-seeded, entire or more or | Leaflets 4 in. long; calyx a line long ‘: : . D. spinosus. Leafiets about . ‘ach long; calyx 14 lin. lon : i . D. monospermus. * * Corol of Sous ous. Stamens united int 2 sepa arate ae Pods 1-3-seede - inouilifictinsoous tricted Sitoaes the seeds (if more than one seed). . Climber ; ae — glabrous ; oe thick coriaceous . D. Cumingii. . Tree; panicle y-villous; fully ess thick and feshy- te ella D. reniformis. is D; Comingii, Kz. ¢ Dillersia Contagil, Bth. ).—A_ tree- like scandent shrub, all parts glabrous or the young shoots minutely uberulous; leaves unpaired-pinnate,3-5 in. long, the rachis glabrous, or while young puberulous; leaflets alternate, in 3-4 (rarely 1-2) rs, from oboval to elliptical and oblong, on a slender 1-2 lin. long petiolule, blunt or bluntish apiculate or —— notched, 1-2 in. long, —— us, entire, glabrous or minutely puberulous be- - — very glossy above ; flowers ver shortly pedic celled, form- ranched fertaial and axillary panicle ete sete alk the leaves; calyx deeply lobed, glabrous; pods almost sessile, —— rather slightly lacunose, without wings, }-3 in. long, 1-3-seeded and much = contracted between the seeds, glabrous, obversely oval and rounded with a short point, or, if 1-seeded, obversely oval. eran ts a ieivand and furnishes the Kayu lakka of commerce. - a Dd. Een, Kz. (Dalbergia reniformis, Roxb. ;. Hf, Drepanocarpus. | LEGUMINOSAE. 337 Ind. Fl. ii. 238).—Htouk-ma.—A_ tree (830—40 + 8—15 4 3—4), shedding leaves in H.S., in the young shoots rusty or tawny pilose and glabrescent ; bark about 1-2 lin. thick, blackish, rather even, peel- ing off in small flakes intermixed with little warts; leaves unpaired- Has.—Common in the swamp forests of Pegu and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—F. Febr.-March; Fr. Apr.-June.—s.—SS.=A//, Metam. - Remarxs.—Wood white, turning yellow, coarsely fibrous, light, very perish- able. » turning brownis ; flowers small, white, with a yellowish standard, on capillary about }-1 lin. long pedicels, form- Ing a simple or branched axillary me shorter than the leaves, Has.—Frequent in the tidal forests along the coast from Chittagong down to Tenasserim.—Fl. May-June; Fr. close of rains. —s.—SS.=Sal. REMARxKs.—Wood soft, beautifully silvery white, close- and straight-grained. The roots powdered absorb alcohol, and a spoonful of the powder in a tumbler- is said to ci i an half an hour the 4. D. monospermus (Dadéergia monosperma, Dalz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii, 287).—A scandent shrub, with the branchlets usually hook-— x 338 LEGUMINOSH. { Derris. like or tendril-like recurved, the young shoots slightly puberulous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, about 2 m. long, the young rachis slightly puberulous ; leaflets usually in 2 pairs, alternate, obovate to cuneate- obovate, on a slender about a line long puberulous petiolule, more or less retuse, about an inch long or somewhat longer, entire, mem-. branous, while young sprinkled with minute appres i flowers small, white, on puberulous pedicels up to } a line long, forming a short tawny puberulous raceme or racemose cyme in the axils of the leaves; calyx about 14 lin. long, almost glabrous, the teeth short and broad, blunt; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long, the petals long-clawed; stamens 10, united in a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous; pods compressed, lunately-oblong, 3-1 in. long, —_ at the base contracted into a short stalk, smooth, brown, 1-seeded. Has.—Tidal jungles of Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. March. DERRIS, Lour. Cc truncate or very shortly and broadly toothed. Standard obovate or orbicular; keel slightly incurved. Upper stamen usually free at the base, but united from the middle with the others in a slit sheath ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, with several o ; style incurved, with a small terminal stigma. Pod flat, oblong or linear, thin or coriaceous, indehiscent, the upper or both sutures bordered with a narrow wing. Seeds 1-2, or rarely 8, very flat, orbicular or reniform.—Tall woody climbers or rarely erect trees with unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets opposite ; stapu- lets small and bristle-like or none. Flowers in axillary racemes: ts and bractlets small and deciduous. ; % Stamens monadelphous. Pods narrowly winged along the vexillar suture only. X Flowers in simple or almost simple racemes. © Pods lanceolate, acuminate or acute at both en Erect tree ; leaflets almost acute witha mucro_ . _ “ . D. robusta. t shrub; leaflets notched - . . . . « D. scandens. O O Pods oblong or orbicular with rounded ends. Scandent shrubs. ae Glabrous; pod glabrous ‘“ . ‘ _ pe = * . D. uligmnosa. Rusty pubescent; pods pubescent or puberulous ; leaflets in 1 or 2 peanendy occ ecce cetls weet BES GS ab eee As former, but leaflets usually in 4 pairs; flowers much larger - D. elliptica. xX X Racemes collected into panicles. Scandent; glabrous pods sinuate-constricted between the seeds - D. sinuata. * > Stamens monadelphous or the verillar one. Pods a eee fa, Bth—A tree (80—50+4+15—20+4—5), shed- .» the very young shoots slightly app Derris. ] LEGUMINOSE. 339 pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, about: } a foot long; leaflets in 6-10 pairs, oblong or elliptical to ovate-oblong, a little unequal, blunt or nearly so, mucronate, on a 3 lin. long slender petiolule, 1-14 in. long, entire, membranous, beneath glaucous and shortly appressed pubescent ; flowers rather small, white, on capillary 2-3 lin. long puberulous pedicels, solitary or few together, forming a slightly puberulous long axillary raceme ; calyx ample, puberulous, about a line deep ; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long; ovary silky pubes- cent ; s linear-lanceolate, tapering in a very short stalk, in- curved-acute, 1-4-seeded, flat, with a very narrow wing along the outer suture, brown, indistinctly appressed puberulous, }-2 in. long. Has.—Frequent in the upper and lower mixed forests of Pegu.—Fl. Apr.— s.—1.—SS.=AllL—_ SiS. i ae : Remarxs.~—-Wood red-brown, hard and close-grained, of a short coarse fibre, soon attacked by xylophages. 2. D. scandens, Bth. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 240; Brand. For. Fi. 154.— Mee-kyoung-nway.—A large evergreen scandent shrub, the young parts pubescent; bark dark brown, white-lenticellate ; leaves 3-3 ft. long, unpaired-pinnate, the rachis glabrous or puberulous ; leaflets in 4-6 pairs, opposite or irregularly alternate, from oblong to oval-oblong, on a glabrescent or villous petiolule }-] lin. long, narrowed at the apex and notched, 14 to 24 im. long, entire, charta- ceous, almost glabrous or more or less puberulous beneath ; flowers rather small, pale rose-coloured, fragrant, on filiform 2-4 lin. long puberulous or pubescent pedicels, elustered by 3-6 and forming an 3-1 ft. lone puberulous or rusty villous raceme in the axils of the leaves ; calyx minutely rusty pubescent, wide, about 1} lin. deep ; corolla 3-4 lin. long, the wings a little hairy; ovary pilose ;_pods linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-4-seeded, flat, sessile, 1-3 in. long, glabrous or minutely puberulous, very narrowly winged along the outer suture only Has —Frequent all over Burma, from Cherngony, Prome, and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans, chiefly in alluvial lands in the tidal and —s a also entering the savannah forests.—Fl. June-July; Fr. C.S. 8: = ; 3. D. uliginosa, Bth.—A large evergreen scandent shrub, all parts quite glabrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, up to } ft. long, glabrous; leaflets ovate to ovate-oblong, in 1-3 pairs, on a 2 lin. long petiolule, bluntish acuminate, 14-24 in. long, entire, charta- ceous ; flowers middling-sized, pale rose-coloured, on slender 1-2 lin. long pedicels, racemulose or clustered, forming a long glabrous raceme in the axils of the leaves; calyx wide, about a line deep, glabrous ; corolla glabrous, about 4 lin. long; ovary slightly pubes~ cent; pods obliquely oval or almost orbicular, rounded with a 340 LEGUMINOSAE. [ Derris. stylose mucro, 1-2-seeded, oi glabrous, 1-14 in. long, narrowly ae along the outer sutur B.—Frequent in the tidal rae and the low littoral lands, from Arracan down te Tenasserim and the Andamans.— Fl. March-May ; Fr. RS. 88= 4. D. elegans, Bth.—A large scandent shrub, all softer younger parts more or less rusty pubescent; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 3-1 ft. long, while young rusty pubescent; leaflets in 1 or 2 pairs only, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a thick glabrous petiolule about a line long, bluntish, 3-5 in. long, acter entire, hae pubescent, few plastered or the lowe r ones racemulose, forming a very short rusty-villous raceme u ilies rising from above the scars of the leaves or from the leaf-axils themselves; calyx wide, rusty pubes- cent, about 14 lin. deep ; corolla glabrous, nearly 5 lin. long ; ovary tawny villous ; pods almost as in D. uliginosa, but rusty puberu- lous or pubescent, 14 in. long by about an inch broad. Has.—Not unfrequent in the swamp forests of the Irrawaddi alluvium and along marshy streams of Tenasserim.—F}. Febr.-March.—s :1.—SS.—All. 5. D. elliptica, Bth.—A large scandent shrub, the younger parts all rusty pubescent ; leaves 4-1 ft. long, ee pubescent corolla 3 in eae, appressed tawny ge ey 5. OVARY wny vi villous ; pods snigede. compressed, rather acute, about 2 in. joa by 1 broad, 1-2-seeded, puberulous and glabrescent, narrowly winged along the vexillar suture. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. March ; Fr. Aug. 6. D. sinuata, Thw. — Myouk-gong-nyin.—A large scandent shrub, sll: po parts glabrous ; —_ up to a foot long, unpaired-pin- nate, glabrous ; leaflets in 2-3 pairs with an odd one, more or ovate or broadly ovate, on a 2 lin. long petiolule, notched or almost - notehed-apiculate , 8-4 in. long, thin coriaceous, entire, glossy ; flowers pale purplish, rather large, on 1-2 lin. ie minutely pedicels, —= collected in svt boat 2 “almost glabrous panicle ; x wide, minutely ve sng : . ‘deep; covlia glabrous, about ban fo. long; veil en free; - Dalbergia. } LEGUMINOSZ. 341 ovary pubescent; pods flat, elongate-oblong and often falcate, narrowed at the base, 1-4 in. long, acuminate, sinuate to almost moniliform-constricted between the 1-4 seeds, narrowly winged along the vexillar suture only. Haz.—Not unfrequent in the beach and tidal forests of Pegu and Tenas- serim.—Fr. Nov.-Dec.—l.—SS.—=All. Aren. Sal. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fr. March. DALBERGIA, L. : with one or few ovules; style incurved, with a terminal - Pod thin and flat, obiong to linear-oblong or rarely fal- cate, indehiscent, the thin margins all wing-like expanded or rarely thickened. Seeds solitary or few and remote, very flat and reniform.—Trees or shrubs, often climbing, with unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets usually alternate and without stipulets. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal dichotomous cymes or irregular panicles. Bracts and bractlets usually minute. * Erect shrubs or trees. © Stamens united into a single slit sheath ; flowers white. X Bractlets fallen before the expansion of the flowers. _ Leaflets 3-7, almost orbicular to obovate, notched or blunt ; all rous . - . . . . - . . “D: latifolia, Leaflets 7-11, more or less oblong, notched or blunt . . D, cultrata. Bractl black, short and broad, deciduous, but Leaflets blunt or more or Meeckched with a mucro = : . D. glauea. Leafiets acuminate ‘ : = : Pee cae - D. ovata. O © Stamens united into 2 separate sheaths; flowers Ww) or 2. X Pods velvety ; flowers purple wo ee 6 2 es One 842 LEGUMINOSE. [ Dalbergia. + Leaflets apiculate, acute or acuminate, rather large. Leaflets notchedly apiculate ; panicles lax, puberulous ; flowers . D white or purplish . . purpurea, Leafiets acute or short rtly acuminate ; panicles tomentose compact 5 calyx glabrous ; flowers white . D. glomeriflora. + + Leaflets blunt or retane, dation em: Panicle rather compact ; aoa short or very shot por pur- ple (?); leaves drying b . nigrescens. Panicle very lax ; pedicels slender flowers white or purplish out- ot ni; . D. paniculata. ruse sami or ‘apeaead shrubs. © Stamens united in 2 separate sheaths ; leaflets blunt or eek e Leaflets 11-13 ; inflorescence densely pubescent; bractlets minute D. volubilis. Leaflets 17-21 ; inflorescence ere bractlets small, but — cuous : . D. stipulacea, OD ‘Stamens ianited 5 ina X Leaflets in a4 pers, retuse or ao F inflorescence, ete., glabro Flowers blue; pina aa pee leaflets more or less oblong D. foliacea. Flowers whi te ; nicle small, axillary ; leaflets more or less — D. rubiginosa. 4 Pceafete i in 11-41 pairs ; inflorescence and youn branchlets rusty pubescent Leaflets 3-4 in, long ; panicle or cyme very short . « « D. tamarindifolia, Leaflets 1-2 in. ‘aa’ panicle ample . . D. velutina. 1. D. latifolia, Roxb. ; Hf. tad FL ii. ‘231; Bedd. Sylv. long, the petals rather long-clared. ; stamens 9, united im a He slit sheath ; ovary glabrous ; pods lanceolate or ’ Splone staoslats npainimitie: 0 t both sea tapering in a slender stalk, very flat, — y acteeens, brown, smooth, slightly net-veined at the 1 Os —Andamans (accord. Roxb.). a —Heart-wood greenish or ish black, often mottled or lighter veined, close-grained, takes a fine polish. Tend j in India extensively for eabinet- work, fameke ah vessels, agricultural implements, combs, etc., also in gun-carriage » 2...) eak Grah. ; H-£. Ind. Fl. ii. 233.—Yendike.—A tree : Pee aire iar , leafless in H.S., the young shoots @p- pressed silky pubescent ; bark } an in. thick, rather smooth, with transverse short streaks ; cut brown ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, te, 5-6 in. : Tong, —— young canescent or appressed ta y pubescent 5 SN Npiaeetirereedenecn eT Ee ee ny See, ea SUM ESAS Tae es Se 3 fs Daibergia. | LEGUMINOSE. 343 leaves alternate, in 3-5 pairs, elliptical to obovate-oblong, on a rather slender 1-2 lin. long petiolule, note -2 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, or rarely pale rose- coloured, on capillary 2 to 3 lin. long pedicels, foumna small dichotomous minutely pubescent cymes or cymose panicles in the Sek-wuisied at the 1-3 se -—Common in all ee aieatiog forests, especially in the upper _— savannah and Eng forests, all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Mar arch-Apr.; Fr. C. S.—1.—S ReMARKS.—Sap-wood pale-coloured, turning pale-brown, perishable ; heart- wood extremely durable, blackish and ebony-like, sometimes white and red-streak- ed, close-grained, rather aa elastic, but cracky, O’—64 pd. Used for ploughs, = handles of dahs a xudes ar in. 3. D. glauca, Wall: Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 231.—Ma-da-ma.—A tree 30—40 + 10—15 + 8—4), shedding leaves during H.S., all parts glabrous, the stem usually fluted “and butressed ; bark " hromuaak grey, por 14 lin. thick, longitudinally me and minutely fis- sured ; + dry, brown ish ; leaves 4-1 ft. long, unpaired-pinnate, Salices: leaflets in 3-4 pairs, alternate cbavate to elliptical, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, rounded or more or less retuse with a mucro, 2-4 in. long, entire, chartaceous, Dahiog, somewhat glaucous beneath ; flowers odorous, white, each supported by a broad black very deciduous bractlet, on very ‘short but. slender Examen’ pedi- cels, cymose, forming an ample glabrous (the extreme branchings puberulous) panicle at the end of the branchlets ; ; calyx 2 lin. long, glabrous, the teeth blunt; corolla 2 lin. long, glabrous, the petals long-clawed ; stamens 9, in a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous ; pods very flat, oblong to linear-oblong, 13-2 in, long, narrowed in a short stalk, blunt, glabrous, brown or reddish brown, almost chartaceous, slightly ‘net-veined at the 1 or 2 seeds. Has. uent in the upper mixed forests of Pegu; less frequent in those of Martaan di down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-Feb.; Fr. March-May. —s—l.—Ss. 4. D, ovata, Grah.; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 231,—Ma-damah.—A tree (5-354 10 is 1923), , shedding leaves during H.S., all quite glabrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, Tae: 4-3 et ong ; leaflets alternate, ovate to obovate-oblong, on a 2-3 lin. long petiol- ule, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, a little glaucous beneath ; flowers white, odorous, small, each supported by 344 LEGUMINOS2. [ Dalbergia. a small black broad repr eau bractlet, on very short pubescent pedicels, cymose and forming a slizhtly appressed pubescent - glabrescent agin in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones and collected into a large panicle at the end of the branchlets ; ain glabrous, about 2 lin. long, the teeth rather long and blu ntish ; corolla glabrous, about 2 lin. long; stamens 9, in a single slit sheath ; 3; ovary glabrous ; pods very flat, oblong to linear- oblong, blunt with or without a point, tapering in a short stalk, 1-23 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, greyish brown, slightly net- veined at the 1 or 2 seeds. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah, less so in those from Martaban down to Upper —— eae along choungs.— FL. Jan.-Febr.; Fr. Apr.-May.—s + 1.—SS.—= 5. D. cana, Grah.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 287.—A tree (40—60 + 15— 30+ Ord shedding leaves in H.S., the young parts slightly tawny pubescent, glabrescent ; bark about iin. thick, grey, peeling off m ittle brittle irregular pieces; cut ereenish-dark-brown ; leaves un- paired-pinnate, 1-2 ft. long, while young slightly poe soon eavpecsnt leaflets in 7-9 pairs, alternate, on a pubescen cent petiolule 1-14 lin. long, oblong to linear-oblong, often sh eS unequal, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, 2-24 in. long, entire, chartaceous, when full grown glabrous, or slightly puberulous be- neath ; flowers small, purple, on capillary puberulous 1-2 lin. long pedicels, forming a lax puberulous Gicet: pedisisdled panicle in the axils of the leaves or arising from above the scars of the fallen ones; calyx purple, glabrous or nearly so, about 2 lin. long, the teeth blunt ; corolla glabrous, nearly 3 lin. long, the petals long- clawed ; stamens 10, united in 2 separate sheaths ; ovary pilose; pods flat, linear-oblong or linear, blunt, contracted in a short stalk, 3-4 in. long, tawny -velvety, indistinctly veined at the 3-1- Has.—Frequent in the tropical forest ially along cho of the eastern alien oF the Pegu Yomah, and still Shines Proc t from Martaban down i Witadeeried —, Marci; Fr. C. S.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam. ~ Remarxs.—Wood white, turning brownish, rather heavy, ‘of a very coarse fibre, soon attacked by xylophages. 6. D. purpurea, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 235.—Thit-pote or thit- poh.—A tree (40—60+ 15—20+45—6), leafless in H.S., all parts glabrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 2- 14 2g long, the young rachis a little puberulous; leaflets usually in 4 pairs, alternate, obovate- oblong to oblong, on an 4-1 lin. long, puberulous, glabrescen nt peti- olule, apiculate or blunt, 2-4 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, & glab- rous ; flowers small, pale purplish or almost white, on ers stead : , forming _ coloured minutely puberulous glabrescent ae rather ee y arising from the short shoots or | oS) Sani) A ae S reas Dalbergia. | LEGUMINOS2. 345 minutely puberulous, more than a line long, the teeth blunt; corolla glabrous, more 085 3 lin. long, the petals rather long- clawed; ovary pubesce stamens 10, united in 2 separate sheaths ; pods flat, along tibcostats, tapering i in a stalk, bluntish, 3-34 in. long, l-seeded, coriaceous, glabrous, brown, ‘obsoletely veined at the seed. Haxs.—Common in all mixed forests from Pegu and Martaban down bid on — up to 3,500 ft. elevation.— Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. C.S ~ Remarxks.—Sap-wood light, not much used; heart-wood black and ebony- €. -pi ; leaflets in 3-4 pairs, ieee ovate to elliptical and. shat, on a slightly pubescent petiolule 1-2 lin. long, acute, 2-24 in : entire, thin —— = pa above, — blunt ; scaclia: pretest a little ae than th calyx, the petals very shortly clawed ; stamens 10, united in ne separate short sheaths; ovary glabrous. Has.—Rather rare in the nape es Sait sero we the Prome Yomah at 1,000 to 2 000 ft. elevation. —Fl. March-Apr. 8. D. paniculata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 236; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 88; Brand. For. FI. 150. —Ta-pouk-pen.—A tree (60—80 + 30—50+8— 9), leafless in H.S., the young shoots slightly and shortly puberulous ; bark about 3 in. thick, grey, peeling off in small convex flakes ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 3-6 in. ong, the young rachis oe leaflets in 4-6 pairs, oval to obovate-oblong, on a slender 1-14 lin. long petiolule, retuse or blunt, 1-2 in. long, entire, thin chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, often bluish outside, on slender puberulous pedicels about a line Tong, forming shortly puberulous dichotomously branched lax and spreading panicles arising from above the scars of the fallen Satan calyx 14 lin. long, ‘appressed pubescent, the teeth acute ; corolla glabrous, nearly 3 lin long, rather igs ecole stamens 10, united into 2 separate sheaths; ovary ost glabrous, the stalk pubescent; pods flat, oblong-lanceolate to oblong, blant or bluntish, rather abruptly tapering in a 3-4 lin. long stalk, rigidly but thin coriaceous, glabrous, slightly net-veined at the 13 -3 seeds. 346 LEGUMINOSE. [{ Dalbergia. Has.- Frequent in mixed dry forests, occasionally entering the drier upper mixed forests, from Ava and Prome to Pegu.—Fl. March; Fr. May-June.—lL— SS. = CaS. SiS. (?) EMARKS.— Wood white, turning pale-yellowish, strong, eompact. Good for common house-building. 9. D. nigrescens, Kz.—TZhitsa-nweng.—A leaf-shedding tree (40 —50+10—25+4—6), the shoots tawny pubescent, all softer parts turning black in drying ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis tawny pubescent and more or less glabrescent ; leaflets in 8 to 5 pairs with an odd one, on a line long pubescent petiolule, elliptical to oblong, alternate, 4-14 in. long, rounded or almost retuse, chartaceous, glabrous when full grown; flowers small, blue (?), very shortly pedi- celled or almost sessile, cymulose and forming dense rusty or tawny tomentose panicles at the end of the branches ; calyx nearly 13 lin. long, densely tawny pubescent, the teeth acute; corolla glabrous, 2 lin. long, the petals shortly clawed ; stamens united into 2 separate sheaths. 5 Has.—Frequent in the dry forests, especially the mixed ones, of Prome and Ava—l— 8S. = Cas. ** Climbing or scandent shrubs. blue, small, on slender 1-2 lin. long rusty puberulous pedicels, cymose and forming a rusty or tawny tomentose spreading panicle at the ends of the branchlets ; bracts at the insertion of the pedicels, small, rusty-tomentose; calyx about a lin. long, puberulous, the teeth rather broad and long, rather blunt; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long, the petals cuneate at base, the standard broad ; stamens 10, united into 2 separate sheaths; ovary pubescent; pods flat, oblong, tapering in a short stalk, blunt, thin coriaceous, glabrous, brown, slightly net-veined at the usually solitary or rarely 2 seeds. Hasz.— Frequent in all mixed forests, ially the lower ones, all over Burma from Chiltdooe, Ava, and Martaban ae ee Sieck Temaserenal Febr.- March ; Fr. Apr.-May—1L—SS. = o. 11. D, stipulacea, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii, 237.—Douk-ta- Fe Bade 9 large climbing shrub, the stems 2-4 in. thick, the ya re or berulous i 7 berulous ; leaflets in 8 to 10 pairs, fi 1 Dalbergia. | LEGUMINOSR. 347 and forming peduncled slightly pubescent cymes arising laterally from the young shoots or above the scars of the fallen leaves; Has.—Common all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim, occurri not only in the mixed and tropical forests, but ascending also into the drier hill forests, up to 3,500 ft. elevation.—Fl. Jan.-Febr.; Fr. C.S.—s: L—SS.— a. 12. D, foliacea, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 232.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous, or the young shoots slightly pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-4 ft. long ; leaflets in 2-3 pairs, alternate, obovate to elliptically-oblong, on an 1 to 1} lin. long petiolule, retuse and usually mucronate, 14-2 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, or while young shortly appressed puberulous beneath ; flowers small, almost sessile, supported by a pair of small bractlets, cymose and forming an ample minutely puberulous glabrescent panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx minutely puberulous, 2 In. long, the teeth rather long, buntish ; corolla glabrous, about 2 n. long, the petals long-clawed ; stamens 9, united into a single slit sheath; ovary glabrous; pods 1-2-seeded, flat, oblong to elongate-oblong, acute or blunt, tapering in a short stalk, 14-3 in. 6 glabrous, brown, thin coriaceous, runcinnate-veined at the s. Has.—Not nt Yomah and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-Febr. ; Fr. C. 8: 1—SS.=SiS. Metam. unfrequent along choungs in the upper mixed forests of the nda 13. D. rvbigi Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 232.—A large scandent shrub, the very young branchlets shortly tawny pubescent; i unpaired-pinnate, 24-3 in. long, the rachis glabrous ; leafl m 3 to 5 pairs with an odd one, alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong, rounded or emarginate, on a line long slender petiolule, aboutan in. entire, thinly but rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, much net-veined ; ts small, white, on very short puberulous pedicels, racemose 348 LEGUMINOSE. [ Dalbergia. - and forming a small shortly rusty or tawny pubescent panicle in the axils of the leaves; calyx about a line long, pubescent ; corolla glabrous, about 8 lin. long ; stamens united in a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous ; pods flat, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering in a slender stalk, bluntish, 14 to 2 in. long, 1-2-seeded, brown, glabrous, much veined round the seeds. Has.—Not w uent in the tropical forests on the Kambala toung Yomah.—SS.—probably decomposed CaS. rous; pods very flat, oblong to linear-oblong, 1-3-seeded, almost chartaceous, red-brown, glabrous, blunt or a little acute, narrowed in a slender but short stalk, 1-2 in. long, net-veined at the seeds. Has.—Not unfrequent in the jungles of the Andamans; also Tenasserim. —Fr. May-June. D. ing shrub, all softer parts rusty or tawny pubescent; stipules m young shoots conspicuous, $ an in. long, linear to ovate, softly pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, rusty or tawny pubescent, 4-5 ft. long; leaflets in 5-9 pairs, alternate, oblong, on a thick tomen- tose petiolule a line long, blunt or almost notched, 1-14 in. long, membranous to chartaceous, entire, puberulous above, tawny pures- cent beneath ; flowers small, on short but slender pubescent pedicels, _Haz.—Frequent in the tropical forests, and ascending into the drier 2 forests, from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 4,000 ft. elevation- : 7 FL March.—s: 1.—SS.—Metam. Lat. p. Lae Nie AEE r ij. _ i ia = le ae eee 5 ‘ Pterocarpus. | LEGUMINOS#. 349 PTEROCARPUS, L. Calyx 2a periahig tere with the base acute, often incurved — 5-toothed, almost 2-lipped. Standard orbicular or broadly ovate, the wings oonely obovate or oblong and almost conform with the keel-petals or longer, free or slightly connate. Stamens united in a single or 2 distinct sheaths with the vexillar one free or not; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile or stalked, with 2 to 6 ovules; style filiform with a minute terminal stigma. Pod nn filed site, without stipulets lowers usually yellow, in racemes or racemose panicles. Bracts and bractlets small, deciduous, Pods ‘tal nes in. — also while young almost glabrous; calyx - P. Indicus, Pods a about mal in. brond, when young densely velvety ‘Pubeseent bescen . P. macrocarpus. P. Indicus, a H. f. Ind. Fl. i, 238; Bedd. Sylv. Mads t. 23.—Pa-touk.—A tree (50—80-+20—50+5—9), leaf- lessin H.S., the very young shoots slightly tawny pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-1 ft. long, while very young a little pubescent, = quite glabrous; leaflets more or less ovate to elliptical, alter- te, in 3-4 pairs, on aslender 1-2 lin. long glabrous potiolale, shortly und abruptly bluntish acuminate or apiculate, 2-3 in. long, entire, thin chartaceous, glabrous when full grown ; flowers middling-sized, yellow, on a slender 2-3 lin. long puberulous or glabrescent pedicel, racemose, forming a simple axillary puberulous raceme or more usu- ally pallseted 3 in an axillary and terminal glabrescent panicle ; calyx about 3 lin. long, tapering at the base and somewhat oblique, adician glabrous or puberulous ; corolla nearly 4 lin. long, the petals cris- pate-undulate ; stamens finally separating in 2 sheaths; ovary appressed pubescent; pods (also eee young) glabrous, irregularly orbicular, unequally sinuate-notched at the base and shortly s pebies§ =: an inch across each way, the pes acumination above the 1 aes in the ed forests from Martaban down to Tenas- serim and the Andamans ; Ses lag on brag slopes of the Pegu Yomah.— Fl. —— Fr. July-Aug.—SS.=Metam. . SiS. Remarxs.—Wood light-b: ith li sitll heart-wood, coarsely ics Set slack piace ietsohy stnsekek, Meaty. Wacsliolt fee a cll cart-wheels. Yields gum-kino. P. macrocarpus, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii, 239.—Pa-touk.—A _ ee (Go—s04 10-29 5-6), leafless during H.S., the young 350 LEGUMINOSR. [ Millettia, 3-4 lin. long + dials, farming caple tawny ‘beanie racemes in the axils of the leaves; calyx args ae velvety, about 3 lin. long, somewhat obliquely narrowed at the base ; corolla more than 3 lin. long, the petals diidulateobligot ; stamens capes in separate bu Baits: ovary villous; pods while young greyish or velvety pubescent and less so when fully ripe, irregularly a ogalen with the wing somewhat folded, 13-2 in. broad, unequally sinuate- rounded at the base, the minute stylous point above the basa sinus. ae gies rg in the Eng and upper mixed forests of Martaban and Tenas- very rare in the dry forests of Prome District.—Fl. Apr -May; Fr. R. 8. ae wine 2 Hy Lat. CaS REMARKs.—Sap-wood pal-brown, streaked, rather light, close-grained. Yields a red resin, a sort of.gum-kino. MILLETTIA, WA. Calyx broad, truncate, or with short teeth or lobes, the 2 upper ones often united. Standard broad, usually reflexed ; keel incurved, blunt. Stamens 10, all united in a sheath or the vexillary one free or cohering with the others from the middle; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or rarely stalked, surrounded at the base with an angular or cup-shaped disk, several-ovuled ; style "tittesed with a small terminal Sema Pods flat or convex, from wo oody to thin coriaceous, finally dehiscing into 2 valves. Seeds orbicular or reniform, not Beenie. oie or shrubs, often climbing, W1 peopest panne) ate the leaflets usually stipellate. Stipules small. Flowers rminal racemes or panicles, Bracts and bract- lets usually very decides * Climbers or erect s X Standard parte “ ie base on both sides of the claw. phous. Young snot rusty- ge corolla violet-purple; ovary quite é Fe Mh leiogyna- “OO Corolla, at least ithe standard, velvety or * silky pubescent ou + Leaflets ninut ¢ or 3 apiculate, rarely shortly acu- Power une ural in elongate racemes longer than the petiole; ripe eat Millettia, | LEGUMINOSR, 351 Flowers. meas. in slestenty racemes jgnEe than the petiole; ripe rown tom . M. macrophylla, Flowers ros-ol ara in 1 ail racemes usually shorter than the petiole ; leaflets blunt ; ge tawny or brown tomentose - UM. fruticosa. ++ as ates gences beneath, nae and caudate- e; branches aor y . M. caudata. - £>. 4 Biaiidhivd : not anal at the. -+ Coro —— the aoumen velvety or silky pu a ent outside, — apd or tawny a ale leaves aey: or coppery a be- : M. sericea. Pods | finely brown-velvety ; leaves glabrou . M. coerulea. + Cor mechece aes pu ubescent or villous, te iia ; flowers ragemose ee ety ine nal eee cles rh cinerea. = and under-surface 0: - jak pachycarpa, As forme, but glabrescent ; “flowers much smaller ; calyx longer wide - M. monticola, Tonio rather blunt, thinly “appressed caneseent beneath ; pods obscurely grey-canese - M. cana, * x Erect ey yale usually monadelphous, rarely iade X Stamens monadelphows, ae more or less woody or rigidly ¢ uch compressed. oO blesses of ‘po flat or slightly « convex, without promi- ent e Young parts. and leaves lightly pubescent ; corolla glabrous, lilac ; pods appressed p . M. pulehra, Young parts sligh tly. aston corolla pubescent, lilac; . pods ag 4 rous Young : shoots silky pubescent ; ; corolla glabrous, white ; ; pods thick, * - UM. leucantha. . M. Brandisiana, Sine; corolla glabrous, blue; pods ‘thick warted F =~ onalifolia. oO Y =< ents ed into prominent ledges ee: ne slightly pabacelit "Teaflets Mente acuminate ; brous ; flowers steel-blue ; pods almost cae ‘ . MW. glaucescens. As former, but the racemes pubescen ; flowers white - MM. pubinervis. Shortly tomentose, especially while pst leaflets rounded ; flowers _ pale-blue; pods waved-winged . . WM. tetraptera. x x Stamens diadelphous. Pods leathery, ‘the valves and torose, smooth. Seeds n Glabrous ; fi dark-purple . . « »« «. ». «+ M.atropurpurea, B Climbers or erect shrubs. 1. M. leiogyna, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 109.—A large leaf- shedding scandent shrub, with cylindrical arm-thick stems, the young shoots rusty-tomentose, the branches terete, minutely lenti- cellate; bark 4 in. thick, roughish, fissured, bla ackish ; oo iblagte weet foe st brown tomentose, unpaired-pinnate ; ; leaflets with an odd one ; flowers rather large, ‘violet, with the vie try yellow in centre, on 2-3 lin. long, nodding, velvety pedicels, in 4-5 in. long brown tomentose racemes arising from short lateral branches or growing out into an ample cea 3 calyx 352 LEGUMINOSE. [ Millettia. broader than long, 2-24 lin. deep, — velvety, obsoletely toothed, the anterior tooth a little prolonged ; corolla glabrous, the standard 4 an in. long, notched ; ovary anh: very young pods linear, smooth, terminating in a long subulate genuflexed point. Has.—Rare in the upper mixed forests of Toukyeghat, east of Tounghoo, Martaban.—Fl. Apr.—l. — Metam Rem .—Wood rather heavy, vellowiihs turning ae coarsely fibrous, ore rather oaliraul tolerably soft. Yields a red resi . M. extensa, Bth.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 109.—Da-ma-gnai- ies ar large scandent shrub, the softer perigee parts tawny or rusty velvety-pubescent, the branchlets usually minutely w 3 leaves unpaired-pinnate, 3-1 ft. long, the rachis glabrescent ; ; leuflets in 4-3 pairs, on a strong glabrescent petiolule 2 lin. long, ovate to elliptically oblong, bluntish apiculate to bluntish, 3-4 in. long, entire, rigidly chartaceous, while young on both sides thinly pubes- cent, finally turning glabrous above and slightly and minutely pu ubescent beneath; flowers rather small, reddish-lilac, on 1-2 lin. long velvety pedicels, solitary and clustered, forming tawny velvety 4-6 in. long racemes several or many t oget er arising from th thick, usually short, scaly, lateral branchlets; calyx tawny velvety, about 2 lin. deep, broader than long , obsoletely and broadly toothed; standard about 4 in. long, notched, s ilky pubescent o = ovary and young fruits tawny pubescent; pods linear-oblong, abruptly incurved-pointed, flat, 4-5 in. oe a little thickened along the sutures, when ripe quite glabrous. Has.—Frequent all over Burma, from Ava and Martaban down to Tenasserim, i all leaf-shedding forests up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. C-S.— long. rose-coloured, the standard densely silk-hairy ; pod ott 2s woody, 24- 3h i in. long, silk-hairy when young. Has.—Pegu (accord. to Baker). 4. M. candata, Bak. in Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 109.—A low scandent or creeping shrub, all parts glabrous or nearly so ; stipulets minute; leaflets in 3-4 pairs with an odd one, oblong to lanceolate, 4-6 in- long, long and more or less caudate-acuminate, chartaceous, rous, glaucous beneath ; flowers rose-coloured, pedicelled, in slender Millettia.] LEGUMINOS#. 353 axillary short-peduncled racemes; bracts very minute ; calyx -bell- shaped, 14 lin. deep, obsoletely toothed, densely silk-hairy ; corolla 3-4 lin. long, densely silk-hairy ; pods linear, rigidly coriaceous, turgid, 3-4 in. long, glabrous. Haxs.—In the stony beds of Martaban, rare. 5. M. cinerea, Bth.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 106.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous, the branchlets smooth; leaves unpaired- ' pinnate, glabrous, about 4 ft. long, the. stipulets small, subulate- acuminate, longer persistent; leaflets in 2, rarely in a single, pair with a jointed long petioled odd one, elliptical to ovate and ellipti- cally ovate, on a lin. long petiolule, bluntish apiculate or rarely almost acuminate, 2-4 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous and net-veined ; flowers rather large, white, with the tips of keel and acuminate, flat, with abruptly thickened sutures, 2-3 in. long, seeded. Chittagong; Burma.—Fl. May. ‘ unpaired-pinnate, 1-2 ft. long, the rachis minutely pubescent glabrescent; leaflets in 3 or 2 pairs with a longer jointed-petioled odd one, elliptically ovate to oblong-lanceolate, on a pubescent petiolule 2-3 lin. long, long and finely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrescent above, beneath more or less silvery app’ pubescent ; flowers purple with the standard brownish outside, the wings rose-coloured and the keel whitish, rather small, on nodding _Mmore or less puberulous somewhat pendulous 1-14 ft. long raceme arising singly or rarely by pairs from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; calyx a little oblique, about 2 lin. deep, tawny velvety pubescent, obsoletely sinuate-toothed ; corolla silky pubescent, the Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo ; also Ava, ) Racemes drooping from the base already ; small tree . S. Zigyptiaca. O O Racemes erect from the base, but often over- hanging. Shrubby annuals Pods rather convex on both sides, 13-2 lin. broad; standard 3 an — in. long; seeds cylindrical . : . : . “ . 8. aculeata. Pods rather flat, 2-3 lin. broad, with a narrow border; standard % : in. long; seeds more or less compressed-rhomboid ‘ . S. cochinchinensts. 1. S. grandiflora, Pers.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 115; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 86; Brand. For. Fl. 137.—Pouk-pan or pouk-hpyoo.—An evergreen tree (15—25+8—9+41—2), all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnate, about 4 a foot long or longer, glabrous and some- what glaucous-green ; leaflets in 15-5 pairs, more or less opposite, oblong or elliptical, blunt or almost notched and often mucronulate, on a slender 1] lin. long petiolule, 1-14 in. long, entire, membranous ; flowers large and showy, scarlet, white or variegated, on }-1 in. long glabrous pedicels, forming a very short 2-5-flowered glabrous raceme in the axils of the leaves; calyx glabrous, about } an m. deep or deeper, shortly and broadly toothed; standard 2-23 1. long, ovate, rather shorter than the other petals; keel much in- curved, ending in a blunt beak ; pods 1-1} ft. long, linear, beaked, narrow and sterile at the base, rather flat and somewhat 4-cornered, glabrous ; seeds pale-coloured. : * enpepabonp all over Burma, and adjacent provinces and islands, 1» » native g a villages gardens, etc—Fl. R.S.—8S.= ow. 7 Be rp Pers.; H.f. Ind. Fl. n. 114; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 86, t. 12, £. 3.; Brand. For. Fl. 137.—Yay-tha-hyee——Av evergreen (20—25 + 8—104+3—24), all parts glabrous ; leaves 3-4 , Priotropis.|] — LEGUMINOSE: 363 in. long, abruptly pinnate and bristly terminated, glaucous-green ; leaflets in 7-18 pairs, oblong to linear-oblong, blunt, with or with- out a minute mucro, 3-2 rarely 1 in. long, on a very short thin petiolule or almost sessile, entire, membranous; flowers rather small, yellow or yellow and purple motted, or ihe standard purple outside, on capilla =4 ong edicels, forming a nodding, slender, loose raceme in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; bracts and bractlets very deciduous ; calyx broader than ones about 2-3 lin. deep, glabrous, conspicuously 5-nerved, the broad, acute ; standard nearly 4 an in. long, very broad and aoa keel much incurved, broad, blunt, with an acute basal angle; ds narrow-linear and often curved, 4-8 in. long, 1$-2 lin. broad, sharply peaked. glabrous, convex and often somewhat tumid ; seeds pale- uf Has eens cultivated with the natives all over Burma.—Fl. Fr. Jan.- ay. —SS—= REMARKS —Wood white, soft, light, fibrous, but rather close-grained. Said to furnish the best charcoal for gunpowde x; good for children’s toys, éte. PRIOTROPIS, WA. Calyx-lobes almost equal, free. Standard almost orbicular, with 2 callosities at the short claw, the wings obovate, shorter than the standard, the keel beaked. Stamens all united in a sheath slit on the back ; anthers dimorphous, the small versatile ones alternating with the long basifix ones. Ovary stalked, with many ovules, the style much incurved, longitudinally bearded along the inner side towards the terminal stigma. Pod stalked, oblong, much com- pressed, 2-valved, continuous within. Seeds on filiform funicles,— Shrubs, with 3-foliolate leaves and yellow racemose flowers. LP, cytisoides, Wa. —An erect, ene shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, the b h appr ed pubescent ; stipules minute, subulate ; leaves 3-foliolate, on an “cn 14 in. long petiole ; » leaflets more or less lanceo late, acute at the base, on a very short pubescent petiolule, acuminate or acute with a mucro, 1-2 in. long, stirs, eqearaieectes —— above, beneath glaucescent and Cig a flowers mi abe Fe , min: te ; cals much larger; pods much Ba obliquely oblong, at at the unequal base contracted in a slender about 3 lin. long stalk, stylose-acuminate, glabrous, about 1-1} in. long, con- taining 1.3 pale-brown glossy s seeds. Has.—Ava hills and Tenasserim.—Fl. Fr. « 364 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Butea. BUTEA, Roxb. Calyx ample, the teeth or lobes short, the 2 upper ones united in a broad entire or notched lip. Standard ovate to orbicular, acute or blunt, recurved, without appendages; wings oblique or falcate, free or adhering to the keel; keel much incurved, acute or blunt, as long or oe than the standard. Stamens diadelphous, the vexillary o ee; anthers conform. Ovary sessile or stalked, with 2 Sralee style elongate, incurved, beardless, the stigma ter- minal, minute or truncate. Pod almiost sessile or stalked, oblong or broadly linear, coriaceous, indehiscent, the lower atexla part wing-like dilated. Seed solitary, compressed, at or near the sum- mit of the pod.—Trees or woody climbers, with pinnately pata ate leaves. Stipules small, deciduous ; stipulets present. wers e or small, in racemes or panicles. ’ Bracts and bractlets He 2s deciduous. x =o —_— an inch long or a —_— pubescent. ndard more or less a oO seals paee shrub ; ‘ 3 3 . B. minor. O © Pod stalk Erect tree ; pedicels twice the length of the calyx F . « B. frondosa, Woody climber ; pedicels 3 times the pra of the calyx. . B. superba. xe Bo 4 in. long, white, glabrous. Keel rd more or less blunt. Climbers Leaves large, slivers silk- ae east pod stalked . . . B. parviflora. Leaves small, glabrous to the naked eye; pod sessile . ‘ . B. acuminata. 1. B. frondosa, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fi ii. 194; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 176; Brand. For. Fl. 142. —Pouk-pen. —A tree (30—50 +6—10 +6—8), leafless during H.S., the young shoots silky pubes- cent ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a 3-4 in. long petiole, while young appressed greyish pubescent ; leaflets on a strong pubescent See petiolule 2 lin. long, the terminal one broadly obovate, the lateral ones unequally ovate, blunt or bluntish, mucronate, 3-5 = long, entire, when full thn rigidly eharticavts; above glabrous or nearly so, beneath greyish puberulous or shortly and thinly to- mentose, the net-veination copious and strong; flowers large an and volta 14 in. long, silky pubescent ; penny Tvl i us; pods ‘oblong, often a little falcate, appressed silvery iment! 3-4 in. long, = or nearly so, on ‘} an in. long stalk. _ Hap—Common i in Pas | beef shedding Seat, especially in the savannah » all over Burma fro: soy tees down to Tenas- eee Fr. Apeday LS : : i : Butea. | LEGUMINOS®. 365 Remarxs.—Wood white, rather light and rather strong. Little used besides for common house-building purposes. Yields a red, brittle, clear resin, a sort of gum-kino of commerce. Superior lac is found on the tree ta velyety-tomentose ; corolla silky-pubescent outside, nearly 13 in long ; ovary tomentose; pod oblong, silvery silk-hairy, 3-4 in. long. Has.—Frequent in all mixed forests all over Burma from Pegu and Marta- ban down to’ Upper Tenasserim—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June.—l.—SS.= cw SiS. 3. B. parviflora, Roxb. (Spatholobus Roxburghii, Bth.; Brand. For. Fl. 143 ; Hf. ind. Fl. ii. 193.) —Pouk-nway.—A large woody climber, leafless in H.S., the stem as thick as a man’s leg and much fluted, the younger parts appressed silk-hairy ; leaves pinnately _ 3-foliolate, on a 2-3 in. long glabrescent petiole ; leaflets large, on a thick 2-3 lin. long petiolule, ovate to ovate-oblong, the lateral ones very unequally so, 5-6 in. long, apiculate to bluntish, almost coria- ceous, glabrous above, beneath densely and almost silvery puberu- lous; flowers small, white, on strong about a line long pedicels, usually by pairs, racemose, and forming larger or smaller greyish or yellowish tomentose panicles in the axils of the upper leaves or at the end of the branches; calyx more than 3 lin. long, minutely » - tawny or whitish tomentose, the lobes triangular-lanceolate ; corolla about 8 lin. long, glabrous; pods rusty or tawny tomentose, on nearly an in. long stalk, oblong, 3-4 in. long, the wing-like sterile part rounded and waved, the outer suture straight and thickened. — i ixed forests, especially the upper ones entering sins the pene eay aoe aon Generate. hag 7 | Martaban down to Tenas- serim.—Fl. Febr.-Apr.; Fr. D.S.—1. ands: lL. SS.=o. 4. B. acuminata, Wall. (Spatholobus acuminatus, Bth.; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. ak laree woody leaf-shedding climber, the stem as thick as an arm, the shoots slightly appressed pubescent ; leaves 366 LEGUMINOSH. [ Erythrina. pinnately 3-foliolate, on a slender 14-24 in. long glabrescent petiole ; eaflets more or less oblong to elliptically oblong, on a 2 lin. long pubescent peticlule, longer or shorter and abruptly acuminate, 13 to 24 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous and glossy above, beneath, especially on the midrib, minutely and sparingly appressed puberu- lous or almost glabrous; flowers small, white, on slender 2-3 lin. long puberulous pedicels, fascicled-racemose and forming small slender gre¥ish puberulous almost sessile panicles above the scars of allen leaves; calyx about 2 lin. long, puberulous, the lo broad and blunt; pods sessile, tawny puberulous, especially along | the thickened straight outer suture, oblong to linear-oblong, | rounded at the base, 2 to nearly 3 in. long. | Haz.—Frequent in the tropical forests all over Pegu and Martaban down to | Tenasserim.—F'l. Fr. H.S.—s : _—SS.—SiS.—Metam. racemes. Bracts small or none. * Wings much longer than the calyx. © Seeds 1-3, at the end of the wing-like dilated 2-valved sterile part of the butea-shaped pod. Standard minutely velvety ; keel-petals free at the base and at the . summi % . < : : it : : . E. holosericea. Standard glabrous; keel-petals connate, obcordate and shortly acuminate in the sinus; pod on a 1-2 in. long stalk . . B. lithosperma. © © Pods greyish-velvety, fertile from the base. Pod flat, torulose, opening along the sinuate outer suture, the dorsal rominent and straight ; seeds . y ee _ _ separated by spurious spongy septa; glabrous, glaucous . 2. ovalifolia. _ Pods torulose or almost moniliform, dehiscing at both sutures ; seeds _ enclosed in the i i indehiscent 5 eae spe Sa he . OS ae . . isco: og ee Jee 2: ~Wings minute, as long or shorter than the calyx, Pods — folliele-like, opening along the ventral suture, Seeds Erythrina. | LEGUMINOSH. 367 Leaflets glabrous, aeenent’ 4 calyx spathaceou E. stricta. Leaflets more or les a yakerernt or puberalons, beneath, blunt ; yx 2-lobed, spathaceo E. suberosa. 1. E. holosericea, Kz. —A fe ee eke Bede with short black sharp prickles, the young shoots mealy-puberulous ; leaves 3-foliolate, on a 3-4 in, long petiole, glabrous, exactly agreeing with those of the following species, the stipulary glands large ; leaflets more or less ovate, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, acuminkte, 3-5 in, 4 long, entire, chartaceous or membranous ; flowers large, apparent] : scarlet with purple wings and keel, almost sessile, by 2-3 clustered E and forming a tawny mealy-tomentose raceme; calyx shortly resu- pinate-spathaceous, brown-villous, tawny- silky within, 4-5 lin. long ; standard nearly 14 in. long, siie stapkee blunt, minutely vel- vety, the wings falcate-oblong, blunt, about } as long, the keel about # in, long, consisting of 2 obliquely ophons rather acute shortly clawed petals united along the median part and hence appearing 2-lobed ; ovary shortly tawny villous, Has.—Pegu, Tharrawaddi district. 2. E. lithosperma, Miq.; H.f. Ind. Fl. i. 190.— Yea-hathit.— A tree (50— 604 20 20—30 +4—6), leafless in H.S., the trunk and branches armed with short sharp prickles arising from pustules, the very young shoots mealy-puberulous ; leaves 3-foliolate, on a 3-5 in. long petiole, the stipulary glands large; leaflets more or less ovate, the lateral ones somewhat obliquely so, on a strong 3-4 lin. long petiolule, acuminate, 4-5 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glab- rous, patougsie’ beneath; flowers rather large, scarlet, with whitish wings and keel, slinivek sessile, clustered by 2-3 and form- ing a eg hana raceme arising from the axils of the upper young leaves at the end of the branchlets; calyx ample, tawny- velvety tomentose outside, silvery silky inside, 2 2-cleft, about 4 lin, one or somewhat longer; standard elliptically oblong with a short ot 3 wings as aeihe ong as the keel, aioe g cuneate-obovate; pods a 1-2 i in. long stalk, 4-5 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous, much flattened and dilated at the lower sterile half, the upper contracted part bearing 1-3 seeds, subulate-acuminate ; seeds free, large, — mai brown. ' aB.—Common along streams in the hill savannah and upper mixed fores allen — Page and Martaban.—Fl. Jan.-Febr.; Fr. Mareh-Apr—s. eee RemMarxks.— Wood soft, yellowish. 3. E. ovalifolia, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 189; Bedd. Syly. Madr, 88.—Kone-kathit.—A tree (40—50 + 15—20 + 8—4), shedding ee LEGUMINOSR. [ ee aria 4 in. long; keel nearly "2 in . long ; “ovary ve awny pubescent ; pods about 4 ft. long, Saniles, sinuate along the outer border, incurved- acuminate, indistinctly greyish puberulous, the inner suture strongly prominent ; seeds oblong, purplish black, free, often separated by medullary septa ~ Has.—Common in the tidal forests and tidal savannahs, also in ae: — jungles, of Chittagon g, Arracan, and Lower Pegu ; also met with 1 district along the Khaboung. clig. ne ar villages, here eultivated UHL ie. - March.—l.—SS.—All. Sal. RemMarxs.— Wood A light, very coarse and fibrous. 4. I. Indica, Lamk. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 188; Bedd. Sylv. ‘Madr. 87; Brand. For. Fl. 139. — Penglay-kathit. —A tree (50—60+ 10— 154+5—9), leafless during H.S., the trunk and branches armed with short sharp prickles arising o from woody tubercles, the very young shoots more or less mealy-puberulous ; leaves 3-foliolate, on a 2-3 in. long petiole, the stipulary gland round, rather large ; leaflets broadly ovate, the lateral ones somewhat obliquely so, on a 2-3 long puberous at petiolule, 2-3 in. long and broad, pluntish — = mebrnions, glabrous, green; howe) rather sately truncate at the tip, ne young termina ted b eubslate appendages ; standard ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at the ft acute, i et i in the aati the beach forests ting Oe the shee fe from Chittagong yore re = tinuous Sire fe deer a LS Aren _ All Sal. Erythrina, | LEGUMINOS&. 369 REMARKS.—Wood soft and white, loose-grained, very light, soon attacked by xylophages. It is the mtichi wood of Madras, employed for children’s toys, boxes, etc. Said to yield lac. Nore.—Strange enough, this sea-shore tree scantily re-occurs in the dry forests of the Prome district. I have not examined the respective localities, but suspect that there are brine wells or limestone in the vicinity. an a base, bluntish, about 14 in. long; keel ovate-lanceolate, half as long 3 wings about 2 lin. long, faleate-lanceolate, acuminate ; pods follicular-lanceolate, 24-3 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous, acuminate at both ends; seeds free, 1-3, brown. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah and Prome, rare in Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. elevation—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June.— _L—SS.=SiS. Metam. : ReMaRxKs.—Wood white, soft. uneven and deeply longitudinally cracked, pale-coloured, the crakes se eta. . . : of the leafless branchlets; calyx ample, 4-5 lin. long, slightly mealy outside, silvery silky inside, glabrescent, at the base constricted Z 370 LEGUMINOS#. [ Flemingia. in a conical short tube, 2-lobed, the lobes broad, somewhat acute, or the posterior broader one sometimes shortly 2-cleft ; standard linear-lanceolate, bluntish, shortly tapermg at the base, about 14 in. long; keel $ an in. long, ovate, acute; wings 2-23 lin. long, rhomboid- cuneate, acute, almost ¢ oherin ring ; ovary tawny-villous ; } pods 3 in. long, folclar-lanesate, at both ends acuminate, glabrous ; seeds 2-3, 236 pale-brown Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier Se mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah, up to 2 ,000 ft. Slovaton = ¥ March-Apr.—L—SS.=SiS. FLEMINGIA, Roxb. Calyx-lobes almost equal or the lowermost longer, free, often faleate. Standard ovate to orbicular, at the base furnished with inflexed auricles ; wings obliquely obovate or oblong, sometimes adhering to the rather straight or incurved acute or blunt keel. 2 are united in a sheath, the vexillar one free ; anthers uniform. sessile or nearly so, with 2 ovules ; ; style filiform or slightly elite at the apex, with a small terminal stigma. Pod short, oblique, often turgid, 2-valved, continuous within. Seeds not strophiolate.—Erect or rarely prostrate shrubs or undershrubs, with digitately 3-or 1-foliolate leaves. Stipules striate, usually deciduous ; stipulets none. Flowers in spike-like racemes or short panicles. ’Bracts large and persistent, or smaller, persistent or deciduous ; bractlets none. a gta exserted from the ee usually 2-seeded. mes one-sided, the upper wars collected in Floral glabrous ; corolla y —— 3 in, “es F. chappar. oO panes puberulous or pubescent not above 3 lin. long, rather deciduous; bracts roun and obsoletely i inted, not ciliate; corolla about 3 lin, long, white or yellowis: SoS F. strobilifera, -subulate, mg to } an in. in. long; bracts more or less retuse, ciliate ; corolla purplish, about 2 lin. long . FF. bracteata. oe. Racemes © agi SA solitary or clustered, or in pani- uced to O Leaves I- tilt, simple ; bracts small, pers’ F. paniculata, bec 3- foliolates racemes and 7a ilicsicles ‘bracts subulate, Vv F, lineata, O 5 ‘Leaves Secor 3-foliolate. Spikes w while } young imbricate-bracted, the bracts deciduous rag a ore opening of the flowers, or ane per- yx-teeth ara foram bxgarir 23-3 lin. -1 inch long + SEPICERS. ; flowers ie ‘sessile ; cal x2 Flemingia. } "-LEGUMINOSR. 371 be nig aig one barely longer than the rest ; petiole winged, : ong F. ferruginea, vt Well- “developed undershrubs. Siva’ peg not winged ; es dense, usually clustered and horter t “sen petiole, agit silk -hairy ; bracts linear-lanceo- feta sub ist about 4 lin. long ; calyx 3} lin. long, the lobes fincat, ubulate- achinfviate the lowermost much longer ; corolla 34 lin, = fone: pop sh, with a flesh-coloured purplish- streaked stand tae edin F. congesta, berulous and on densely Satie ass F. prostrata. Petiole narrowly winged ; racemes rather lax, Sheyisll silk- chairy ; ; ealyx 3 lin. long, the lobes subulate ; bracts . ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate ; co 3 lin. lo Hong * rose- -eoloured with greenish keel ; pu F. semialata. sedl 2 in. long, the ibe subulate and the lowermost twice as long; corolla } in. long, white, with rose-coloured wi wren petiole narrowly winged ; : . £. latifolia. Bracts scarious and stiff, very much 1 longer “than the buds, the lower sheathing ones up to 2 in. long, silvery silk-hairy ; calyx- lobes linear, acuminate, the vided one doubly longer ; oe ae nearly 4 in. long ; pods minutely appressed puberulous ; tiole narrowly winge Kk kK —- enclosed in the ‘calyz, usually 1-seeded ; flower heads involucred by the outer large bracts . FF. capitata. 1. Fl. chappar, Ham.; H.f. Ind. Fl, ii. 227.—A shrub, 3-4 ft. high, the branches terete, appressed tawny pubescent ; leaves 1 -folio- late, cordate-orbicular, on an 1} in. long petiole, shortly a rather abruptly acuminate, 2-3 in. long and as broad or sometimes broader, 3- to almost 5-nerved at the base, indistinctly velvety above, minutely tawny pubescent beneath; flowers small, yellowish, very shortly pedicelled, forming a small rusty pubescent cluster perfectly F. stricta. nate ; corolla pce $ in. long. Has.—Frequent in the and forests of Pegu, Marta! Prome and Ava.—Fl. LCS.) Fr. HS 18s. OL; Gas, Meter. — F, strobilifera, Ait.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 227,—A branched shrak, very variable in size (1-4 ft. high), the branches slightly angular, shortly tawny pubescent ; stipules lanceolate, about 3 lin. long, more or less deciduous; leaves 1-foliolate, on a 2.3 lin. long pubescent petiole, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, m 2-4 in. long, usually 6-nerved at the rounded or obtuse base, thinly and minutely appressed pubescent or pilose, especially along the nerves ; flowers small, yellowish or white, in small tawny pubescent fascicles in the axils of the large meienicite seo the 372 - LEGUMINOSE. [ Flemingia. latter orbicular-reniform, usually rounded or obsoletely acute, 3-3 in. long, sparingly and softly hairy, but not ciliate, membranous and nerved ; calyx 2 lin. long, puberulous, the lobes lanceolate, acu- minate ; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long or somewhat longer; pods oblong to ovoid, }-3 in. long, 1- or 2-seeded, thinly pubescent. Has.—Common in all leaf-shedding forests and savannahs, all over Burma from Chittagong and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. R.S. & C.S.; Fr. H.S.—L—SS.= oo. . 3. F. bracteata, Wight.—An erect branched shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, the branches almost terete, tawny pubescent ; stipules stiff, subulate, striate, up to 3 in. long, persistent ; leaves 1-foliolate, on a strong pubescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, ovate to ovate- and linear- lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 2-4 in. long, almost glabrous above, beneath, especially along the nerves, thinly and shortly pubes- cent; flowers minute, pale-purple, very shortly pedicelled, solitary or in poor fascicles in the axils of the large complicate bracts, form- ing tawny pubescent large bracted racemes in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets; bracts broadly reniform, more or less retuse with a mucro, thinly hairy and distinctly ciliate, char- us and nerved, $ to % in. long; calyx a line long or a little longer, velvety-puberulous, the lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla glabrous, 2 lin. long ; pods about 3 lin. long, ovoid, puberulous. Has.—Frequent in all leaf-shedding forests, especially the lower mixed and savannah ones, all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Pegu.—Fi. close of R.S. & C.S.; Fr. H.S.—L— 4. Fl. paniculata, Wall.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 227.—An erect branched shrub of a few feet in height, the branches terete, spat- ingly pubescent; leaves 1-foliolate, on a slightly pubescent petiole ing in length from 3 to } in., ovate, more or less cordate at the 3- or 5-nerved base, shortly acuminate, thin chartaceous, 2-3 in. long, corolla glabrous, 8 lin. long or longer; pods oblong, } an in. long, puberulous, usually 2-seeded. Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. C.S. __ 5. F, lineata, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 228.—An_ erect: branched shrub, 1 to 4 ft. high, the branchlets almost terete and shortly but _ thinly pu t; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, on a slightly pubes- _ ent petiole 3-} in. long; leaflets lanceolate, the lateral ones some _ what obliquely so, the terminal more obovate-lanceolate, VeTY Flemingia. | LEGUMINOSH. 373 = petioluled, more or less 3-plinerved at the base, acute, 1-2 in. long, almost glabrous above, beneath , especially along fe nerves, appressed pubescent and conspicuously red- resinous-dot small, whitish, with a purple keel and rose-coloured wings, on a line long ‘pedicels, forming a slender glandular-pubescent peduncled raceme or a poorly branched panicle in the axils of the leaves ere at the end of the branches; bracts subulate, small, very deciduous aie nearly 24 lin. rn glandular-pubescent and sprinkled with copious red r dots, the lobes faleate-linear, acuminate; corolla Pabaais. slightly longer than the calyx; pods obovoid-oblong, 3-4 lin. long, thinly puberulous and sprinkled with resinous red dots, usually 2-seeded. -—Common in the savannah and lower mixed forests, also in grass places in cultivated lands & = over : Prome and Ava; also Masha ae a Fr. H.S.—1.—S8s. All, 6. F. sericans, Kz ey low branched undershrub up to 24 ft. high, often burnt down to the woody strong trunk, the stems angular, greyish pubescent ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, on a stout, 3-angu- lar, narrowly winged, pubescent petiole only 3 to 1 in. long ; ; leaflets more or less obli uely ovate-lanceolate (the terminal one more rhom- boid and equilateral), shortly petioluled, bluntish with a mucro to acute, 2-3 in. long, shortly and softly puberulous on both sides, beneath sprinkled with black resinous dots ; flowers small, purplish, on a line long pedicels or almost: sessile, forming shorter or longer silvery silk-hairy racemes either arising singly or several from the axils of the abd or (in burnt-down plants) crowdedly from the (in this case the racemes longer and the flowers somewhat larger) ; ;_ bracts ee ovate, silk-hairy, very deciduous ; calyx silvery silk-hairy, 24 to nearly 3 lin. long, the lobes liear-subulate, the lowermost longest ; corolla glabrous, slightly longer ; capsules oblong-ovoid, puberulous, not or only sparingly erimson-resinous- dotte nee usually 2-seeded. oS Be in cs ng forests of the Prome district and Martaban.— Fl. $5 —l—ss.= rah.—An erect undershrub branched from the sha, at ie high, the stems angular, dense — naa ——— pu 374 LEGUMINOSE. [ Plemingia. pressed pubescent, ae deciduous ; calyx 2 lin. long, tawny villous, the lobes linear, rather thick ; corolla a little longer, glabrous ; pods about 4 lin. long, ee puberulous, not or sparingly sprinkled with blackish resinous dots, usually 2-seeded. Has hips rere in the Eng forests of Prome ; also Ava.—Fl. Fr. March— 1.—SS.=Lat ae A a, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 228.—An erect branched ahierkli a all softer parts shortly silk-hairy ; stipules linear-lan- ceolate, acuminate, very deciduous ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, on a silky-pubescent, 3-angular, sulcate petiole | to 2 in. long and not winged ; leaflets more or less ovate-lanceolate, the coi ones obliquely so, shortly petioluled, 2-43 in. long, acumi uminate, above a little roughish from minute hairs nett more or less silky on the nerves, beneath shortly pubescent ; flowers rather small, purplish with a flesh-coloured purplish streaked standard, very shortly pedi- celled, racemose, forming short, smoke-grey, silky pubescent, con- tracted panicles in the axils of the leaves and often shorter than the petiole; bracts linear-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 4 about 4 lin. long, deciduous ; calyx 3} lin. long, silky pubescent, the lobes , subulate-acuminate ; corolla about equally long, g sera: pods — or ovoid-obong, about 3-34 lin. long, pube usually 2-seeded. Has.—Frequent in the savannahs and savannah forests all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenass rim.— Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. C.S. & HLS. —1—ss.=All. 9. F. prostrata, Roxb.—A small branched undershrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, the stems strongly 3-cornered and meee appressed tawny pubescent; stipules linear lanceolate subulate-acuminate, Nesidusias’ leaves digitately 3-foliolate, on a 3-c enero “narrow wly winged, appressedly tawny pubescent etiole 14-2 in. long; leaflets more or less lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, the iateral ones unequally so, shortly petioluled, long acuminate, 3-4 in, long, above roughish from short hairs, beneath very thinly pubescent and sprinkled wi with Ing an y tawny leaves ons shorter than the elite pets very deciduous ; calyx 2 lin. long, appressed tawny pubescent, the lobes linear-subulate ; corolla slightly longer, glabrous ; pods obliquely oblong, 3 in- ities puberulous and (in the Burmese plant) densely covered with pur giich black resinous glands. “Has.—Not u uent in the drier hill, ally the pine, forests of Marta- Dan, at 000 Sot te chemo ee Mar l= Motaon. t wa Se semialata, Roxb.—An erect, pretty simple or branched ub 3-4 ft. high, all parts s shortly pubescent ; stipules 3- Flemingia. | LEGUMINOSH. 375 4B.—Common in the leaf-shedding forests, and in grassy or shrubby os more especially in the savannahs, all over Burma.—FI. C.S8.; Fr. H.S.— : om oe, .4B.—Not — in the hill-Eng, and the drier hill forests, more ecially in the pine-forests, of Martaban, at 2,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. h.—1.— SS.=Metam. Lat. 12. F. stricta, Roxb.; H-f. Ind. Fl. ii. 228.—An erect, stout, branched undershrub, the branches angular, shortly appressed 'y pubescent; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long or longer, very deciduous; leaves digitately 3-foliolate,-on a triquetrous ___ slightly pubescent petiole } to 3 ft. long and often narrowly winged upwards ; leaflets a to ovate-lanceolate, the lateral ones somewhat unequally so, on a strong, appressedly tawny pubescent 376 LEGUMINOSE. [ Cajanus. petiolule 2-3 lin. long, acuminate, 4-7 in. long, above more or less roug’ m minute st reas =n beneath (especially on the . nerves) thinly and minutely appressedly tawny pubescent; flowers small, greenish and dirty ines iaietilcad, with purple wings, very shortly pedicelled, forming a solitary or few dense, spike-like, sessile, silky pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves, while young densely imbricated and strobiliform from the linear-lanceo- late or lanceolate acuminate long but deciduous bracts, the basal outer bracts broader, thinly silk-hairy, up to 14 im. long; calyx ] about 4 lin. long, dense y silvery silk-hairy ; lobes linear, ateuniealias the lowermost nearly doubly longer ; corolla glabrous, nearly 3 i. long ; s oblong, 4 in. long , minutely appressedly puberulous, — —Not unfrequent in the oe forests, especially the low and Eng forests, of 8 also Chittagong and Ava.—Fl. C.S.—1.—SS.=Dil. 13. F. capitata, Zoll. (F. ietobeetetis Bth.; H.f. Ind. Fl. iu. 229).—An erect meagre shrub, 3 to 5 ft. ‘high, the branches terete or nearly so, more or less pubescent ; ; stipules linear-oblong, acute, deciduous ; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, on a pubescent 4-2 in. long petiole ; leaflets. more or less lanceolate. to linear, the ‘lateral ones unequally so, acuminate or acute, 14-24 in. long, shortly and softly uberulous on both sides, more so on the pale-coloured under-surface ; flowers small, collected in dense pilose peduncled or almost sessile heads in the axils of the leaves and ees all bracts persistent, silky pilose, the outer ones up to 2 n. long, ovate, long silky- ciliate ; elo silky pilose, about 6 iin. long, the lobes subulate ; corolla as long, minutely sco sericeous ; pods enclosed in the calyx, silky pilose, obovoid, about 2 lin. bag usually 1-seeded, the compressed, elliptical. Has.—Frequent in the open, especially in the low forests, ascending into the aan hill forests, all over Pegu and Martaban aown to Upper Tenasserim.— Fl. Fr. C.S.: SS. = Dil.— Metam. Arg. aoe Sa CAJANUS, DC. Calyx-lobes acuminate or acute, the 2 upper ones more 0 connate. Standard orbicular, reflexed, furnished with ‘adleed auricles ; wings obliquely obovate ; keel incurved at the blunt apex. Stamens anited i in a sheath, the vexillar one free ; anthers uniform. ost. sessile, with many o ; style e beardless, thickened : = above the middle and slightly disted. sae the obliquely terminal : Pod oblong to li within Cylista. | "- LEGUMINOSR. 377 Has.—Generally cultivated in several varieties all over Burma, up to 3,000 ft. elevation. —Fl. Fr. C.S.—l.—SS. = o. CYLISTA, Ait. anthers uniform. Ovary almost sessile, 1-ovuled; style filiform with a terminal stigma. Pod enclosed in the enlarged scarious calyx, 2-valved, 1-seeded—Twining, shrubs with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets resinose-dotted beneath. Flowers in axi and terminal racemes. Bracts membranous, deciduous ; bractlets none 1. C, scariosa, Ait.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 219.—An extensive twining shrub, or rather undershrub, all parts more or less pubescent or puberulous; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a pubescent 1-14 in. long petiole ; leaflets more or less ovate, the lateral ones obliquely 80, acuminate, 1-2 in. long, on both sides (more so beneath) shortly pu nt ; flowers middling-sized, yellow with orange longitudinal veins, on 2-3 lin. long pubescent pedicels, forming shorter or © longer puberulous racemes in the axils of the leaves and often also at the end of the branchlets; calyx in flower about 4 in. long, in fruit doubly longer, puberulous ; corolla much shorter and enclosed im the calyx; pods quite enclosed in the scarious large calyx, about 4 lin. long, falcate-oboyate, almost stalked, pubescent, 1-seeded. Has.—Frequent in the leaf-shedding forests, especi the mixed ones, but also in dese ~ Dat de etc., all over Pegu and Meube F close of RS. ; F »—1—SS.= ow. * » stalk, fayny velvety-tomentose ee _ bristles , all x 378 : LEGUMINOS#. [ Mucuna. MUCUNA, Ad. Calyx broadly bell-shaped, 4-toothed, the upper tooth broader and bidentate, the lowermost longer. Standard shorter than the wings, the keel as long or longer than the wings, with a horny point or beak at the incurved end. Stamens united in a sheath, the vexillar one free ; anthers often bearded, alternately longer and erect, the shorter di ymous and versatile. Ovary sessile with usually few ovules; style filiform, not bearded, with a minute rminal stigma. Pod linear to oblong and almost ovoid, variously transversely laminate, ribbed or plain, Sa septate between the large seeds.—Scandent or twining shrubs y undershrubs with sauntely 3-foliolate leaves. Stipules pie: ; stipulets often resent. Flowers usually showy, in pendulous ee racemes or corymbs. Bracts small or large, deciduo * ~ feheasten and obliquely reins l-seeded . . ML. monosperma. Kk Pi lain or longitudinally ribbed. 2 rs hoe acuminate at the base. Seeds orbic Pod 8-4 in. long, appressed tawny hispid, the sutures extended in a plaited double wing; flowers white or yellowish . . WM. gigantea. Pod 1-3 ft. long, glabrescent, towards the sutures marked with a fold-like longitudinal rib ; flowers ps en -dark-purple . U. macrocarpa. Pods a. densely hispid. Seeds transversely oblon — —— naked; flowers arising from a knob; pods with 2 longi- tudinal ribs along me upper ears: ee pubescent penne M. pruriens. Peduncle so: ad flowers without ribs; leaves appearing Saves tas He a cane eye. . M. bracteata. 1. M. monosperma, DC.; Hf. Td: Fl. ii. 185. eee rge twin- ing shrub, the shoots rusty-pubescent leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a rusty-pu nt 3-4 im. long petiole; leaflets more or ovate, the ant teral ones very stiandy: i on a rusty- Sanerien petio it cae: calyx abons % in. sa minutely hiapid and, besides, more or less covered with tawny or rusty-brown fragile ’pristles 5 corolla about 14 in. long, the standard about half as long as the keel ; pods thick, obliquely ovate, contracted in a short very thick and covered with long : Dioelea. LEGUMINOSR. 379 and all simple and waved; seed solitary, ovoid-reniform, about an in. long; brownish black, encircled on the back with a grey opaque illum Has.—Frequent in the mixed pad especially the lower gion all mond ita Chittagong, and Arracan.—Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. D.S.—L—SS. = 2. M. macrocarpa, Wall.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 186.—A_ powerful arboreous climber, the stems as thick as the arm or thicker (up to 2 ft. girth), the. shoots thinly tawny pubescent; stipules very deciduous ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a 3-5 in. long glabres- cent petiole ; ; leaflets more or less ovate, the lateral ones very obliquely so, on a 3-4 lin. long petiolule, shortly subulate-cuspidate, 4-6 in. long, chartaceous, while young herbaceous and on both sides appressed tawny pubescent, adult glabrous above; flowers large, greenish with dark-purple wings ee brownish keel, on $ an in. long tawny pubescent pedicels, usually by 2 or 3 from a knob or reduced secondary peduncle and forming an elongate pendulous spect of both subuiren: otis young tawny tomentose, ipl many-seeded, the lower joints gradually narrower and empty ; seeds flat, transversely Sheela nearly an inch long, brown, encircled with a pale-coloured. hilum Has.—Not unfrequent in the hill forests, especially the drier and pine forests of parabens: east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation ; also A'va.— Fl, March; Fr. H.S.—L. —SS. —=Metam. DIOCLEA, HBK. The 2 upper calyx-lobes entirely connate, the lateral ones smaller. Standard. orbicular or ovate, r eflexed, minutely auricled at the base; wings obovate or oblong, free: longer than the in- curved beaked or blunt keel. Stamens united in a sheath, the alternating ones minute and gland-like. sessile, with 2 or more ovules ; style incurved, beardless, thickened or a towards the apex, with a terminal truncate stigma, Pod compressed or somewhat turgid, coriaceous, 2-valved, septate, ies upper suture dilated or 2-winged.—Twining shrubs, with pinnately 3-foliolate ies Sree | ced ae stipulets present. Flowers clustered, in axillary ra Bracts narrow, especially the SuPer ones partially desctat bractlets small, persistent or deciduous 1. D. refiexa, H.f.; Ind. FI. ii. 196.—A_ large dant ses 380 LEGUMINOSH. [ Lespedeza. tawny tomentose raceme in the axils of the leaves; bracts linear, subulate-acuminate, 4-1 in. long, appressed tawny pubescent, the Hazs.—Andamans, LESPEDEZA, Mich. ~ — Calyx-lobes or -teeth almost equal or the 2 upper ones shortly united. Standard orbicular, obovate or oblong, clawed or rarely sessile ; keel blunt or beaked, free. Stamens all united in a sheath x Flowers in axillary almost sessile clusters “ - « L, sericea. > ia Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes often collected ina al panicle. -+ All parts densely pubescent; bracts deciduous. . L. pinetorum. + + Branchlets and leaves beneath appressed canescent- uberulous. Racemes glandular-pubescen L, decora. Racem i t; bracts persistent . : . . es tawny pubescent, not glandular ; bracts deciduous . . L. parviflora. Lespedeza. | LEGUMINOS®. 381 appressed silk-hairy cluster in the axils of the leaves, those of en lower clusters often apetalous with imperfect stamens; calyx 2 nearly 3 lin. long, slightly pubescent, the lobes stiff, lmear- cause : lla 4 lin. long; s almost rotaindate; com- pressed, appressed silk-hairy, 14 to 2 lin. long, l- rarely 2- aay Ys s * Has.—aAva hills east of Bhamo.—Fl. May. 2. L. pinetorum, Kz.—An erect branched or almost simple- stemmed shrub, 2-4 ft. high, all parts softly tawny pubescent, the stems angular ; stipules 2-3 lin. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent ; leaves ee! 3-foliolate, on a strong tawny pubescent petiole 4- 1 in. long; leaflets on a very thick and short petiolule, elliptically to oval-oblelg, blunt or bluntish with a mucro, 1-2 in. - long, almost coriaceous, puberulous and almost wrinkled above, beneath densely pubescent, the nervation prominent ; flowers rather small, yellowish with the keel pale-rose at the tip, on pubescent 1- 2 lin. ‘Tong pedicels, forming dense rather robust tawny pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves and usually collected also ina short panicle at the end of the branches, flexuose ; calyx 24-3 lin. long, tawny villous, the lobes subulate; corolla about 34 to 4 lin. long; pods obliquely ovate, ‘compressed, stylose-acuminate, about 3 lin. se appresed silky pube Has.— uent in the drier i —— especially the pine forests, of the Martaban hills, east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation —Fl. Fr. M we —1.—SS.=Metam. 3. L. decora, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 144. pes erect branched shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, ae stems angular and minutely greyish, when young appressed ta ubescent ; stipules about 3 lin. long, stiff, linear-subulate ; Taavas pinnately 3-foliolate, on a slender 1-14 in. long petiole; leaflets shortly petioluled, oboval to almost elliptical, rounded with a mucro, chartaceous, 1-14 in. long, dark-green and glabrous above, ianeatb glaucescent and minutely appressed ag cent ; flowers bright-blue, middling-sized, on slender about $ an long. * raha Si aera pedicels, forming short but slender ‘awe glandular-pubescent persistent-bracted racemes often collected into ort panicles in the axils of the a and at the end of the branches ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, about a line long, elan- dular-puberulous; calyx about 3 Hin. long, tawny pubescent, the lobes ovate, acuminate; corolla } an in. long; pods (unripe) obliquely ovate- lanceolate te, acuminate, compressed, shortly appressed silk-hairy. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests, senpectelly the the aa forests, at 4,000 to ~ ft. elevation.—Fl. March ; Fr. Apr. = L. parviflora, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 144.—A shrub, the Sabet, angular, appressed silky-puberulous ; oe stiff, lingass 382 LEGUMINOSE. ; [ Desmodium. subulate, about 2-24 lin. long; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a slender canescent petiole 4 an in. long; leaflets shortly petioluled, elliptical to elliptically ovate, 4-1 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous and dark-green above, beneath glaucescent and minutely appressed grey- ish pubescent ; flowers small, blue (?), on tawny pubescent }-1 lin. long pedicels, forming stiff tawny pubescent racemes in the dite of the leaves and _~ crowded at the end of the branchlets; bracts deciduous ; calyx densely tawny pubescent, about 2 lin. long, the lobes subulate ; gies ney. 34 iin, long; pods (unripe) obliquely ovate, aéaininate, silk-hai Has.—Martaban, Karen hills DESMODIUM, Desv. Calyx-tube short, the 2 upper lobes or teeth more or less united, the lower 3 acute or subulate-acuminate. Standard from terminal minute capitate stigma. Pods longer than the calyx, sessile or stalked, pase the articles more or ae dehiscent along the lower sutur indehiscent, many- rarely 1-seeded.— Shrubs or endcice a, ares herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate — Stipules and stipulets present. Flowers usually inal racemes or panicles, or rarely in axillary umbels or ake clustered in the axils of bract-like large compli- neers 2-foliolate persistent floral leaves. X Pods —— —- n the margin, net-veined ; _ ‘ . D. pulchellum, x X Pods pubescent or villous- “pubescent. Leaflets 1-2 in. long, rounded or almost retuse Z . D. vestitum. Leaflets 3-5 in. long, acuminate . D. grande. * * Inflorescence — floral leaves. Braots deciduous, 2 Pepe yooh. 1- foliclate, Branches 3 rered ; 5 spc Scie e79 5 i , . D. triquetrum. Branches ti _——< : Z 3 . D. latifolium. ves sponte ss Pods ee Flowers in mecca! — Pod- ~joints 3 in } in. long g = . D. umbellatum. ae a only 2 lin. long ee oD: cephalo' os ——— in terminal or axillary racemes or | pani- = Fo pnts usually as long or about are : longer than broad, more or less indented “tara aensae Desmodium. | - LEGUMINOS. 383 § Bracts of young inflorescence narrow and in- conspicuous and not imbricatin - D, laburnifolium. § § Bracts of young inflorescence scarious and large, forming a cate cones, the basal ones a persister f Basa pe -joint ae but “distinctly Racemes sessile or nearly so, butt pod-joints 4 lin, long by 2% broad, grey-villous, much i maleated: ¢ on the lower suture; branchlets rather terete - D. confertum. Racemes very slender and a aligntee than the lenven; sadétio 0 branched from the base ; pod-joints as in peeeing, sparingly and shortly hirsute ; stat al ngular - D. Karensium. al pad -joint sessile. a lege 14-2 lin. long and nearly as broad, appressed hirsute branchlets sharply angular, often villous on the angles : * dD. Sloribundum. Pod-joints about a line done and as broad, densely brown-hooked- hispid; bra ahies almost terete - D, sequax. ghia? team . rit times longer than broad, or Pod-joints crescent- eae abruptly eubticeed - both ends; leaves oblo igs «i. ong, strongly parallel-n concinnum, _ ape Pods dehise T Fy of cae inflorescence more or less per- stent. Pods distinct jointed. —- es fruiting pedicels refracted ; racemes shorter eaves - D. retroflerum. Frits feos erect ; racemes s elongs . D. heterocarpum, 7 Atl de cts decides tee of pod ‘continuous, ints nsverse lines sae purple ; po ots broader than nog densely and shortly - D. gyroides. 1. D. pulchellum, Bth.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 162; Brand. For. Fl. ~ -—Toung-ta-min.—An erect branched. shrub, 3-4 ft. high, the r parts shortly pubescent ; stipules and stipulets small, ‘stiff, lascockte, subulate-acuminate ; leaves pinnately 3- or occasionally 1-foliolate, on an appressed pubescent petiole 2-3 lin. long; leaflets more or less lanceolate (the lateral ones much smaller and oblique) “ on a very short petiolule, 1-3 in. long, bluntish to bluntish acuminate with a mucro, slightly remote- repand, chartaceous, above glabrous or nearly so, beneath, especially along the nerves and veins, minutely pubescent ; flowers small, yellow, in a small sessile head or cluster, su leis, small ; calyx about a line ines, oe ian: the teeth lan- ceolate, ac uminate ; ‘corolla about 3 lin. long, glabrous ; pods flat. : usually 2-jointed, the j joints more or less rounded at both sides, 384 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Desmodium. about 24 lin. long and nearly as broad, laxly net-veined and glabrous, except on the margins, each containing a single glossy pale-coloured seed. Has.—Frequent in the’ leaf-shedding, especially the ee and dry, forests all over Burma : from Ava and Martaban down to Tenasse —Fl. RS.; Fr. C.S.—1 2. D. de, Kz.; H-f. Ind. Fl. ii. 162.—An erect branched shrub, the ra anchlets softly and shortly tawny tomentose; stipules. and stipulets stiff and short, linear, subulate-ac uminate e; leaves pinnately 3- or occasionally 1 -foliolate, on a tawny tomentose petiole 4 to 1 in. long; leaflets 3-5 in. long, shortly petioluled, more or less ovate, rather long but bluntish acuminate with a mucro, entire, chartaceous, puber ulous above, softly and almost tawny pubescen beneath ; flowers forming leafy, ax axillary and terminal racemes col- lected in a terminal panicle, the rachis tawny tomentose ; flora rounded or retuse with a mucro, more or less puberulous, about an in. long ; pods 2-3-jointed, ees pubescent, twice as large as those of the preceding speci Has.—aAva, Irrawaddi valley se C.S. 8. -D. vestitum, Bth.; H-f. Ind. Fl. ii. 162.—An erect: branched shrub, the younger branches softly tawny pubescent ; stipules broadly lanceolate, ee about 14 lin. its ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a rusty or tawny tomentose 3-4 lin. long petiole ; flets oval or elliptical, ee petioluled, rounded or retuse, 1-2 in. long, minutely palevcats above, appressed silky pubescent eath ; flowers in leafy ta tomentose racemes collected in 4 terminal panicle ; floral ase 2-foliolate, on a tomentose about a line long petiole terminating in a short bristle, cordate-orbicular, retuse with a mucro, merase us, 3-1 in. long; calyx pubescent, — eolate, acuminate; pods 2-3-jointed, twice as large as those of D. pulchellum, ea tawny pubescent. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. 4, D. triquetrum, DC.; H.f. Ind. FI. ii. 163. — Mot-so-lam-ma.— An erect or ey branched undershrub or shrub 2 to 4 ft. high, the branches sharply 3- id 4-) cornered ane more or less villous or pubescent on the angles; stipules scarious, linear-la neeolate, up to $ in. long, deciduous ; aus tctnliolate, the petiole 4-1 in. long, = ~ leafy-winged and produced in a sharp tooth at both sides of the rounded apex ; leaflets 2-5 in. ong tna oblong to oblong-lanceo- late, very shortly petioluled, acumi to bluntish chartaceous, i or slighily hispid beneath slong the nerves ; flowers flowers small, ON a eae Desmodium. } LEGUMINOSE. 385 _Has.—Common all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenas- serim and the Andamans, in all leaf-shedding forests, especially the mixed ones, but ascending also into the drier hill forests up to 5,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Fr. close of R.S. and C.8.—1.—SS.= o. 5. D. latifolium, DC.; Brand. For. Fl. 145; H.f. Ind. FI. ii. 168.—Kio-pan-ben.—A large bushy shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high and higher, with more or less spreading branches, all the softer parts softly pubescent or tomentose ; stipules linear-subulate, rather stiff ; leaves 1-foliolate, on a tawny villous petiole 2 to 4 lin. long; leaflets more or less ovate to ovate-oblong, very shortly petioluled, rounded at the base, bluntish or acute with a mucro, 14-3 in. long, mmily membranous, slightly repand, above appressed and rather stiff-hairy, beneath softly pubescent or almost villous; flowers — small, purple, on very short pubescent pedicels, clustered and form- ing a tawny pubescent or almost villous raceme in the axils of the leaves and terminal, and often also collected in lax terminal pani- cles; bracts and bractlets small, linear-subulate ; calyx a line long, pubescent, the teeth linear-lanceolate ; corolla about 3 lin. long or somewhat longer, glabrous; pods linear-oblong, often somewhat curved, sessile, compressed, villous, 6-3-jointed, the joints almost quadrangular with the outer suture rounded, about 2 lin. long, each containing a single brown seed. Has.—Frequent in the and open forests of Ava, Prome, P and Martaban.—F close of RS: Pr CS.—1.—S8.=Dil. Ca8. sot ‘ 386 LEGUMINOSH. [ Desmodium. villous; calyx yellowish silky villous, more than 2 lin. long, the teeth li ceolate, acuminate; corolla glabrous, 4 im. long; pods on a 8 lin. long densely pubescent peduncle, usually destitute of the calyx, oblong to elongate-oblong, more or less curved, densely appressed pubescent, 4-1-jointed, the articles reniform- oblong, } in. long, compressed with rounded borders, each joint : containing a compressed, reniform-oblong, glossy black seed. | Has.—Not ee in the sandy beach jungles along the coasts of the Andamans and probably all along the Burmese coasts, reappearing again in Ava, on the limestone hills of Segain.—SS. = Aren. Ca. (?) 7. D. cephalotes, Wall; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 162; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 87 t. 12, £. 4.—A large shrub, often growing out into a small tree with a short trunk about 2-3 ft. in girth, all softer parts appressed silk-hairy ; stipules scarious, linear-lanceolate, subulate, acuminate, + to 4 in. long; stipulets setaceous-filiform, long; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a channelled petiole } to an in. long; leaflets obovate to elliptically lanceolate, on a line long pubescent or almost glabrous petiolule, shortly acuminate to acute, 1} to 23 lin. long, chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath, especially along the straight parallel nerves, appressed silvery silk-hairy, or rarely almost glabrous ; flowers small, white, on short, slender, curved, silk-hairy pedicels, forming an almost sessile or short-peduncled, more or less silky pubescent umbel in the axils of the leaves and shorter than the petioles ; bracts and bractlets linear, subulate-acuminate, longer than the pedicels; calyx silky pubescent, nearly 3 lin. long, the lobes linear-subulate, the lowermost much elongated; corolla glabrous, about 4 in. long; pods linear-oblong, flat, more or less curved, more or less silky pubescent, rarely almost glabrous, 4 to 3 in. long; 2-5- rarely by abortion 1-jointed, the articles about 2 lin. long an broad or somewhat longer, rounded on one side, each containing a single brown compr: elliptically reniform : Has.—Common all over Ava and Chittagong down to Pegu and Arracan, In the mixed forests, especially the lower ones, also entering the savannahs.—Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. C.S—1l1—SS.—= ow. SiS. All. -; flowers small, purple (?), on slender about 3 lin. ; pubescent pedicels, forming short, usually paired, tawny-pubes- emes in the axils of the leaves and often passing into Desmodium. ] LEGUMINOSA. 387 terminal leafy panicle ; bracts about 1-1} lin, long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, very deciduous; calyx more than a line long, sparingly hirsute, the teeth lanceolate-acuminate; corolla about 4 lin. long; pods almost moniliform, elongate-linear, sessile, com- pressed, shortly and densely brown or greyish brown hirsute, 7-12- jointed, the articles nearly 13 lin. long and broad, indehiscent, on the outer suture slightly, on the inner strongly, rounded, each con- taining a blackish almost orbicular seed. Haz.—Martaban hills, east of Tounghoo, in the drier forests, at 4,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation.—Fr. March.—l.—SS. — Metam. 9. D. Karensium, Kz.—A large simple or almost simple-stemmed shrub, all softer parts more or less pubescent, the stems angular, glabrescent; leaves 3-foliolate, large, on a rescent petiole 2-3 m. long ; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, the lateral ones obliquely so, on a very short, stout, tomentose petiolule, shortly acuminate, 3-5 in. long, membranous, above minutely puberulous, beneath almost greyish pubescent ; racemes filiform, branched from the base or more usually forming a sessile or almost sessile puberulous glabrescent panicle in the axils of the leaves and often shorter than them; ~ pedicels filiform, by 3-1, puberulous, 3-4 lin. long ; bracts deciduous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute-ciliate, deciduous, the asal ones more persistent, larger and 3-34 lin. long; calyx (in fruit) ‘sparingly hirsute, about 2 lin. long or somewhat longer, the lobes linear-subulate ; pods linear, 1-14 in. long, many-jointed, shortly hirsute, the joints a little longer than broad, 3 lin. long, truncate at both ends, the outer suture slightly, the inner strongly, rounded. — i ier hill forests, especially the pine forests, of the 2 reli oe ie Byler ft. elevation; a é Av, Khakyén hills.— Fr. March-A pr.—l.—SS. = Metam. 10. D. floribundum, Don.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 167.—An erect- branched shrub, 2-4 ft. high, the stems and branches, especially while young, 5-angular and densely villous fringed along the angles ; stipules appressed pubescent, linear-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, 3-$ in. long; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on a tawny pubescent strong petiole 4-1 in. long; leaflets more or less obovate (the lateral ones oblique and often more ovate), blunt or acute to shortly acuminate, mucronate, 1-3 in. long, entire or nearly so, firmly memb , above thinly, } th e densely, app I it _ and glaucescent; flowers rather small, purple (?), on capillary 2-3 lin. long puberulous pedicels, forming : t 388 LEGUMINOS&. [ Desmodium. acuminate, the lateral ones shorter; corolla about 4 lin. long ; pods sessile, elongate-linear, compressed, appressed tawny or brown- irsute, sinuately 7- to 4- or fewer-jointed, the articles 1} to 2 lin. long and somewhat narrower, slightly curved on the outer, rounded on the inner margin, each containing a single reniform-oblong sores — ot unfrequent i in the hill nae of Martaban and ae Tenasserim, eaten ink er elevation.—-Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. March —].—SS. = Metam. 11. D. concinnum, DC.; HE Ind. Fl. ii. 170. ee erect, branched shrub, 2-4 ft. high, ‘the reo Brahdtilets shortly tawny pets ; stipules scarious, 4 an in. long or somewhat shorter, ear-lanceolate, subulate- sad saris striate, glabrous ; aes! sabalite, 3-2 in. long ; 3 leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, on an a pubescent petiole }-} in. long ; leaflets obovate-oblong to cliiptically- oblong, on a short tawny pubescent petiolule, mucronate-acute, 1- in. long, entire, chartaceous, above very slightly, beneath thinly, appressed pubescent, the oblique lateral gi almost straight and pilose pedicels about § in. long, ceaaae we and forming tawny nase par RS slender terminal racemes; bracts large but very deciduous, lanceolate, acuminate }-3 in. long, eparine'y pilose but densel pilo ose-frin ; cal ohallae, about 24 lin. across, minutely nt sparingly sdhorelana 2 of the teeth more produced and acuminate ; corolla glabrous, nearly 4 in. long; pods ona spreading 2 lin. long stalk, minutely glandular-puberulous, 5-1- oa jointed, the articles oacarbet compressed, crescent-shaped, about 2 to 24 lin. long, indehiscent, aks containing a single glossy- brown reniform Has.—Not unfrequent in the ge pastarye ~— in grassy places “ the drier hills, epuaalts the pine forests, of Martaban, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. ele vation.— Fr. March.—l.—SS. = Me at. 12. D. gyroides, DC.; H-f. Ind. Fh. ii. 175.—A spreading erect shrub, from a few cae up to 5 ft. high, the stems almost terete ‘and glabrous, under favourable circumstances up to I¢ in. thick, the branchlets thinly or thickly pubescent; bark thin, blackish ; stipules ae a broad base ne subulate-acuminate, striate, ; leaves — 3- and or oie pubescent 4 to 3 10. long vetiles leaflets lita to sf wena oval and —— sei aes wi “ort miloxt a minute mucro, thin shartabous; — alin. rather short but rather crowded gta or almos suttth y katie TID CEL a CL Ln AAAS OTTER OE ~ Desmodinm. ] LEGUMINOS®. 389 sessile raceme in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the with the outer suture straight and the inner rounded, each con- taining a single reniform-oblong glossy-olive-coloured and black- d Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests, especially along the rocky or stony beds of choungs in the upper mixed forests, from Arracan, Pegu, and Martaban do Tenasserim.—Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. C.S.—l1xs.—SS.—=o SiS. AIL, ete. ._. Remarxs.—Wood rather heavy, close-grained, soft, pale-greyish brown, of a silvery lustre. = te. 2). heterocarpum, DC. (D. polycarpum, DC.; H-£. Ind. FI. n. 171).—A spreading shrub, 1 to 34 ft. high and higher, the younger branchlets more,or less pubescent or even pilose ; stipules from a broad base linear, subulate-acuminate, scarious, striate, 3. . i; Has.—Common all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenas- ___- 8erim, in all vom 3 forests, ially the mixed ones ; entering also savan- _ ‘Babs and cultivation—Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. C.S.—1xs.—SS.= . ? ae oe 390 LEGUMINOSH. [ Ormocarpum. 14. D, retroflexum, DC.; H.f. Ind. Fi. ii. 170—A spreading shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, all softer parts more or less silvery silk- hairy; stipules linear-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, striate, sparingly pilose outside, up to 4 in. long; stipulets subulate, 2-3 in. long; leaves pinnately 3- or more usually 1-foliolate, on an appressed pilose petiole 4-3 in. long; leaflets of the compound leaves more obovate, of the simple ones almost orbicular, rounded or almost retuse with a mucro, entire, 1-14 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely silvery appressed pilose; flowers small, purple, on filiform about 3 lin. long glabrous or nearly glabrous reflexed pedicels, forming short sessile or almost sessile appress pilose or pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves and at the end of axillary branchlets ; bracts ovate-acuminate, cuspidate, pilose- fringed, very deciduous ; calyx pilose, about a line long, the lobes lanceolate-acuminate ; corolla glabrous, about 2 lin. long; pods linear- , oblong, minutely puberulous or glabrous, ciliate on the margins, y net-veined, 3-5-jointed, the articles about 2 lin. long or some- - what shorter, straight on the outer, rounded on the inner suture. Has.—Tenasserim. ORMOCARPUM, P. B. Calyx-tube bell-shaped, the upper teeth deltoid, the 3 lower lanceolate. Standard broad; keel much incurve Stamens united into 2 separate sheaths, the anthers uniform. Ovary few-ovuled ; style filiform, inflexed, with a minute terminal stigma. Pod jointed, the joints turgid, indehiscent, glabrous or glandular-muri- cate, the basal one seedless.—Shrubs, with unpaired-pinnate leaves ; stipules and bracts persistent, stipellets none. Flowers racemose. 1. 0. sennoides, DC. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 152.—An evergreen shrub, the young branchlets'sticky-hairy ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 2-3 in. ' long, the rachis filiform, viscid-hairy ; leaflets in 4-6 pairs with an odd one, very shortly petioluled, alternate, obovate or obovate-oblong, retuse, $-} In. long, membranous, glabrous; flowers long-pedicelled, middling-sized, yellow, in poor lax glandular-pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves ; calyx about 3 lin. long, sparingly viscid-hairy or almost glabrous ; corolla 4 lin. long; pods moniliform-jointed, glandular-muricate, longitudinally furrowed, the joints lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, $-3 in. long. Has.—Adjoining provinces of Siam. sy oo. Standard always inside in bud. CASSIA, L. < pals 5, somewhat unequal, much imbricate, the outer ones d, not beaked. united at the base. Petals 5, spreading, near! Cassia. | LEGUMINOSE. 391 equal or the lower outer ones rather larger. Stamens usually 10, free, either all nearly equal and perfect, or the 2 or 3 lower ones larger or on longer filaments and the 3 or 4 upper ones reduced to small staminodes ; anthers when perfect opening in apical pores or in short lateral slits. Ovary with several ovules, incurved, tapering in a short style. Pod cylindrical or flat, ee or 2-valved. Seeds oblong or obovate, transverse or horizon Albu- _ men fleshy.—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with abruptly uae leaves. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or solitary. Bracts often deciduous, bractlets none. * Filaments of the lower 3 stamens very long and arcuate, the others short or imperfect. Sani terete, long, indehiscent. Se eds horizontal, transv 4 oad ae destitute of bracts —s pitas a \ Flowers yellow : - C. fistula. x xX Hacemes more 0} r less erect, with pe i wer pale or intensely pink-col se (Longer rene node-like thickened at the mi erste Leaflets short-acuminate . . OC. nodos ts pubescent, retuse or blu nt ey ee ** Perfect anthers 7 or 10, open ing by terminal pores or 8 compressed or more or less terete, open- along the one or oth sutures. x Marc sons not winged. All full-grown fits sabadas 3 Ja - C. Siamea. All parts Sagoo stipules Pare aay shrub or small tree. C. Timoriensis. All parts pubescent; stipules late lunate- watiotoe: rather r per- Skea; shru -- - C. auriculata, Be: Pods broadly | 4-winged ; shrubby herb, " glab- ts large, gat . C, alata. ; brac xX Perfect auuiees 10; —_— fat, often sinuate constricted between papi ‘1. C, fistula, L.; Bedd. syle. Madr. 91; Reand. pie 164.— sp Bdge —A tree (30—50 + 10—25 + '3—6); shedding leaves n H.S., the very young shoots silk-hairy; bark grey, about } in. thie, smooth, occasionally peeling off in mealy thin flakes; cut , Ted ; leaves abru ptly pinnate, while very young appressed oer ‘ 1} ft. long, the soliele aad rachis terete ; leaflets in 4-8 pairs, on thick 2-3 lin. long petioles, ovate to ovate-oblong, bluntish to bluntish acuminate, 3-5 in. long, thin py tame when full grown glabrous, more or less glaucescent beneath ; flowers large, yellow, on capillary 1}-2 in. long pedicels, forming long drooping glabrous slender racemes solitary or by pairs from the axils of the young leaves or from above the sears of the fallen ones; calyx very deciduous, velvety ; petals obovate-oblong, about an inch long ; filaments and Ovary glabrous, the longer filaments not thickened at the middle; pods terete, 2-3 ft. long, at base contracted in a short stalk, black, smooth, chambered within, many-seeded ; seeds ovoid , rather small, “somewhat compressed, pale chestnut-brown, glossy. 392 LEGUMINOS#. [ Cassia. B.—Frequent all over Burma and the adjacent provinces, in the leaf- Has ' shedding forests, especially in the savannah and lower mixed forests.—Fl. Apr. ; Fr. 255 —L—SS.= ow All. SiS. Remarxs.—Wood pale reddish brown, the heart-wood dark-brown, rather heavy, bares Rilsoos, but rather close oe oe elastic, but soon attacked by xylophages if not seasoned. ‘57 ey ie s, axles of carts, plough- shares, rice-pounders, etc. Bark good se fecdings 2. C, nodosa, Ham.—@noo0-thein.—A large evergreen tree, the very young shoots shortly pubescent ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 4 to 1 ft. long, the rachis shortly puberulous ; leaflets in 6-12 pairs, on rather acute te, about an ine ‘ch long ; Haments glabrous, the 3 longer ones spherically thickened at the middle ; ovary slightly villous ; cylindrical, 1-14 ft. long, at base contracted in a short stalk, -seeded. - smooth, chambered within, many- Has. -—Evergreen tropical forests of _Martaban tome to Upper Tenasserim, “eae also Chitt ttagong. —Fi. Apr. ; Fr. C. 8.— 8. C. renigera, Wall.—Gnoo-shway—A ‘Teaf-shedding tree (30 Ap Fat 5+3—5), the younger parts all softly and shortly bescent ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 4-1 ft. long, _— — allover ; ’ stipules large, lunate-renitorm, deciduo leafle rs, very shortly petioluled or rather almost sonia, ellipti- cally oboe to oblong, blunt or retuse with a minute mucro, 3-13 in. long, membranous, softly and shortly pubescent; flowers large and showy, of a rich pink colour, on pubescent 1- i in. long pedi- cels, forming very short softly pubescent densely bracted racemes solitary or by pairs above the scars of the fallen leaves; bracts ees —Maizalee.—An evergreen or often leaf- ‘< si Oo (50-—60—10—35 +36), remaining stunted on im- rme bstrata, the young branchlets minutely downy; bark rather smooth, grey or blackish. brown, slightly longitudinally fis- = “sured, eettins leaves abruptly pinnate, bl ft. long, the young = rachis my are “downy ; leaflets in 6-10 pairs, on a — | Cassia. ] LEGUMINOSZ. 393 almost glabrous petiolule about a line long, — to arson oblong, more or less retuse with a minute mu -2 im. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous,’ or slightly fois ny and more or less eceetenee beneath ; flowers rather small, yellow, on 4-1 in. long puberulous pedicels, forming longer or shorter peduncled puberulous often corymb-like racemes arranged in a terminal or axillary panicle ; calyx almost giabroms.; petals almost rotundate, shortly clawed, about } in. long ; filaments glabrous ; ovary shortly pubescent ; pods elo onga te-linear, acuminate at both ends, 3-7 in. long, flat, both sutures thickened, velvety-brown, many-s ; seeds somewhat pentagonally elliptical, very flat, blackish brown, ce Has.—Rather frequent in the mixed (especially the upper mixed) and dry forests, = eine Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Nov.-Jan.; Fr. ae == oS Ks.—Sap-wo0od broad, white, coarsely fibrous, light ; heart-wood ebon like ot Aam black, often streaked, heavy and very close-grained, oe le takes fine erie? —O =68 pd. Used for he elves, See ee mallets, e yellow, on 4-1 in. long shortly pubescent pedicels, forming short pubescent bracted racemes in the axils of the upper leaves and often collected into terminal — bracts leafy, broad-ovate, acute, sponit a3 in. long, pubescent Seay persistent ; Backs shortl yr pubes- 4B.— Frequent all o over Burma from Has down to Pee bse —— 3a ee og pre — choungs in the upper mixed forests.— mis x 1L—SS wo SiS. 6. C, an L.; Brand. For. Fl. 165.—A large shrub, 8-10. ft. high, the branchlets softly velvety pubescent ; stipules cordate-semilunate, long-persistent ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 4-P ft. long, the rachis shortly pubescent ; leaflets in 8-12 p shortly petioluled or almost semi; oblong, blunt with a mucro, 2 == See anesabrencus , appressed pu t, more or less 394 “ LEGUMINOSE. [ Cassia. long, long-persistent ; calyx glabrous or nearly so, the sepals —— petals obovate-rounded, shortly clawed, nearly an inch long; glabrous ; ovary shortly appressed pubesoent ; pods brown, 2- 3 i long, linear-obi ong, at base narrow a short stalk, tenminating in a long filiform style, very flat, auoetly. a rather thinly pubescent, 2-valved, the valves chartaceous, somewhat torose. Has.—Apparently frequent in the Irrawaddi valley of Ava.—FI. Sept.-Febr. a uca, Lamk; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 91.—A large branchy ist, 4-6 ft. high, the younger parts more or less appressed ubescent or siseiy almost glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 3-1 ft. long, the rachis more or less silky pubescent ; leaflets in 4-10 pairs, on very short ore te — from oblong to oval-oblong, bluntish or rounded, 4 to 2 in. long, entire, membranous, glab- rous above, beneath more or 1a ‘glaucous and usually also more or less appressed pubescent or rarely quite glabrous ; flowers middling- sized, yellow, on filiform puberulous up to an inch long pedicels, forming puberulous corymb-like racemes in the axils of the leaves or collected at the end of the branchlets ; bracts small, lanceolate, acuminate, long-persistent ; calyx res or nearly wit mer blunt and terminated with a stylose ccas 2-4 in. long, many- seeded, the valves black, thin coriaceous, transversely. torulose, smooth ; seeds flat, oblong, glossy brown. =. AB ot unfrequent in the dry forests, especially along the sides of ee, of Hag sad B Senge also much planted round khyoungs in Pegu, ete.—FL Fr. . BAUHINIA, L. _ Sepals united at the base into a short or long disk-bearing tube, the free part separating into 5 or fewer valvate or induplicate lobes. Putas 5, inserted at the summit of the tube, usually clawed and more or less unequal. Stamens 10, free, either all perfect or some reduced to small staminodes. Ovary stalked (the stalk adnate to the one side of the calyx-tube) with several ovules ; style usually filiform rarely short with a capitate broad or oblique pee Pod linear or oblong, compressed, 2-valved. Seeds com- pressed. Albumen usually thin.—Trees or woody climbers, rarely rnin me seh either bifoliolate leaves or more usually the 2 into o one entire or 2-lobed palmately nerved blade. » in terminal or rarely axillary of | s collected in a panicle. Bauhinia. } LEGUMINOSE. 395 * Erect Jagek or shrubs. x Cal on aceo OF tamen 1 only, the rest sterile Young shoots pubescent leaves To ovary stalked ; tue u : - B. monandra. As former, pods sessile . . . ° ° en brachycarpa. oe. stamens 5. Shrub ; calyx $ an in. long . ° ° ’ ees - B. acuminata, Strub; eal only 3 in. long ° ° : ‘ . ° - B. polycarpa, Tree; calyx 4 an in. - B. variegata, CVC an "the 10 stamens fertile ; ; flowers § emosa, hering. © Stamens 10, > or more of them —: Calyx in ars angul. Flowers large and s Leaves glab 3 Somes white or purple, the broader petal pasa yellow at ‘bas . B. purpurea, - Leaves velvety ; lowers yellow, turning nge - B. elongata, DO he 10 stamens fertile; stigma peltate ; : flow- B, Malabarica, a * Woody georlhy often tendril- bearing. Calyx valvate n bud. x Leaves 2-foliolate ; all 10 stamens ee calyx angu- lar in bud - B. diphylila. X X Leaves more or less deeply 2-lobed. Calyx terete in b oO Ovary sr pod glabrous. Calyx-tube and style a ie vsialked: Bractlets very asia almost leafy . eee ee ee ee ee Ovary sessile. Flowers small, Rept levers: _ Lobes of ete rounded ; pedicels and calyx glabrous Lobes of leaves acuminate ; pedicels and calyx appressed silk-hairy z. pen irs and usually also the pod, villous, pubes-— t or puberulous. Pod and o sile, : a t Lobes of leaves acuminate to acute and blunt- ish; leaves glabrous. Racemes pangs Soneensn silk. aie airy; pedicels stout - B. macrostachya. Racemes corymb-like contracted, lak puberulous ; pedicels . B, ornata. t + Lobes of the tomentose or pubescent leaves All parts brown-tomentos or rea: — an inch be 4 racemes elon . B. Vablii. - Pod and ovary stalked. ones ieee-es loured, i is _corymb-like racemes ; “ye shorter than ovary, ‘villous, thick Fes : Flowers a wus to yellow, i in short racemes ; style elongate P . B. ferruginea, Ovary d ‘labrous ; calyx-tube almost Q00 ay cn Ee ee bee Reve pare B. anguina. * Erect see or shrubs. 1. B. monandra, Kz.—Swai-tan.—Probably an erect shrub or tree, the young shoots shortly pubescent ; leaves small, very like those of B. tomentosa, rotundate-oval, truncate at the base; ona shortly pubescent petiole }-lin. long, down to } 2-lobed, with the 396 LEGUMINOSH. [ Bauhinia. lobes rounded and bearing a bristle in their sinus, 1-1] 4 in. long, entire, ate nerves) shortly pubescent; flowers rather large, white (?), with the lower petal spotted, on 1- 1} i in. long shortly but Cee sce cent pedicels, forming short Aertel pubescent racemes; bracts subulate, small; calyx shortly tomentose outside, apinaie: shaped i in bud, spathaceous ; petals obovate-cuneate, about 14 in. long, g giab rous, waved; perfect stamen 1 only, all others padiiedt tary; 0 stalked, tawny villous (the sutures smooth and glabrous), Sceasitiniat by a slender style twice as long as the ovary itself. Has.—Martaban. 2. B. brachycarpa, Wall.—“Glabrous or minutely scabrous- puberulous; leaflets connate to 3 of their length, oval, blunt, parallelly 4-5-nerved, on an angular pe tiole ; racemes short, many- flowered ; flowers pedicelled ; pods senile: broadly linear, acumi- nate, minutely tomentose ; flowers unknown.” (Accord. Benth.) Has.—Ava, 3. B. acuminata, L.— Ma-ha-hlay-ka-phyoo.—An erect shrub, 2-6 ft. high, the young shoots slightly pubescent; leaves cordate- rotundate, 2-cleft to about 4 of their length, with the lobes acute or bluntish, with or without a “short bristle in their sinus, on a 1-1 in. long usually glabrous petiole 2-4 in. long and nearly as broad, en- tire, chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath conspicuously transversely veined and net-veined, aed puberulous ; flowers large, showy, pure white, or sometimes the base of the petals yellow, on 3-1 in. long indistinctly pubescent glabrescent subulate-bracted pedicels, forming short, more or less corym)-like, leaf-opposed and terminal, almost glabrous racemes; bracts subulate; calyx minutely and sparingly appressed pubescent, spathaceous, about 4 an in. long, long-acuminate and setaceously 5-toothed, terete in bud; petals more or less oblong, nearly an inch long, glabrous ; stamens 10, 5 longer ; pods linear-lanceolate, contracted in a slender 4-2 in. long eveid, somewhat An haoet brown, glossy. Has.—Frequent in the open forests, especially the Eng forests, all over = Dil. Arg. x —— Fl. March-May; Fr. C.S. pa See e lobes rounded or some age =o ort bristle in their sinus, on a slender 1|- 13 in. long poole, Bauhinia. } LEGUMINOSAE. : 397 3-5 in. long, palmately 7-9-nerved, entire, thin chartaceous, glabrous, somewhat glaucescent beneath; flowers small, white, on hardly a line long pedicels forming a very slender minutely pubescent. leaf- opposed raceme; bracts minute, acute; calyx glabrous, saccate- spathaceous, acute to acuminate, only 3 lin. long, terete in bud; petals nearly conform, concave, obovate- oblong, retuse, erect-dons niving, sessile, glabrous; stamens 10, 5 of them doubly longer ; pods linear-lanceolate, acuminate at the base, almost sessile, 1-24 in long, flat, smooth or slightly wrinkled-nerved, the seed- bearing — narrow, 2-sulcate, 4-6-seeded ; seeds oblong, small, glossy- ack Has.—Frequent in the pies mixed elo rey pein and oe down to Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. —SS. = SiS. 5. B. variegata, L.; Bedd. see albumen. Scandent prickly shrubs, rarely small .¢ "Pods rigidly or thinly coriaceous, dehiscent or not. O P -valves smoo tT Seeds flat- -compressed ; = 2-valved, a oer leafiets large . C, nuga. + t Seeds hardly comp ek Leaflets small, gest aioe leaflets unequally shies, retuse; pods ° . . C. sappan. Seactees sens leaflets ovate, acute ‘pods Qvalved « C. sepiaria, O OP glandular-hirsute, + Po hinate. Seeds shied globular. The branchlets, etc., more or less brown or tawny pu ubescent; sti- . pules C. Bonduca, t Pods slandular- “hirsute, at least when not fully ripe. oblong. All parts gk or less — -paberalots and prickly C. mimosoides. X X Pods fleshy-coriaceous, torose, with thickened su- tures, indehiscen Panicle shortly tomentose and pri Sune moet. se 5 te thio Panicle smooth and unarmed - C. digyna. * Stamens very long a slender. Seeds albuminous. Erect unarmed shrub, rat glabrous - C. pulcherrima. 1. C. nuga, Ait—Soo-kowk.—A large cated prickly shrub, all parts quite glabrous 5 aout abruptly bipinnate, 4-24 = ‘Tong, with 2-5 pairs of pinnz, the rachises all prickly ; leaflets pairs, ovate-oblong to elliptical, very shortly and Mental we nate or apiculate, 1-2 in. long, entire, coriaceous, smooth, glossy above, beneath pale-coloured and opaque; flowers middling-sized, yellow (the standard often red-tinged), on 3-4 lin. long pedicels, orming a rather slender glabrous raceme in the axils of the leaves or the racemes collected in a terminal panicle ; calyx glabrous ; pods Bisa rent in the re all along the coast from Arracan down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. May-Octob. 2. C. sa L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 90, t. 13, £. 1.—TZeing- nyet.—A jen ts bushy “thorny tree @5—304842), the young shoots puberulous ; ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 13-24 ft. long, with 10 to 13 pairs of pinne, the rachises thorn: a and eee og: leaflets 406 LEGUMINOSE. [ Casalpinia. falcate-oblong, acuminate, about 2 in. long, 2-valved, the valves rather flat, smooth ; seeds compressed. Has.—Frequent in Tenasserim ; Pegu, above Rangoon.—Fl. Aug. a —A red dye-wood called sappan-wood, an important article of comm 3. C.s sepiaria, R Roxb.; Brand. For. Fl. 156.—Soo-hyin-b0.—A large thorny scandent shrub, the branchlets rusty or tawny puberu- of pinne, the rachis prickly and minutely puberulous; leaflets in 8 to 10 pairs, oblong to linear-oblong, almost sessile, blunt, 4 to 2 in. long, slightly appressed pubescent on both sides, in a dried state canescent beneath ; flowers showy, yellow, on stiff about an inch long tawny or greyish velvety pedicels, forming a tawny or greyish velvety somewhat prickly raceme in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets; calyx petaloid, yellow, velvety; petals miontely puberulous outside ; filaments white-woolly ; pods oblong, e, terminating in a long lateral stylose acumen, rather com- pressed, with somewhat thickened borders, transversely nerved, about 2 in. long, the valves firmly coriaceous, brown, glabrous; seeds 4-8, obovate-oblong, brown and variegated, not compressed. Has.—Burma (no locality). 4. C. Bonduca, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl. 156.—Kadlein,—A large scandent spite shrub, all parts more or less thinly brown or fawny unfre in the leaf- hed Pro. d Masine ban down t to nanan ee ry th £ Katlaan ning oh fom mee ee mimosoides, Lamk.—A large prickly scandent shrub, the = rae a glandular-puberulous and prickly ; leaves abruptly = ate, 1 to 3 ft. long, with 12-24 pairs of pinnz, the rachis Casalpinia. ] LEGUMINOSE. 407 somewhat longer prickly and glandular-pubescent slender pedicels, forming long, rather stiff, glandular-pubescent, prickly racemes in the axils of the leaves and terminal; calyx glandular-pubescent ; filaments ecg paar 3 pods unequally aed almost faleate-oblong, ineurved-pointed, more or less turgid, 14-23 in. long, usually 2-seeded, the valves hin coriaceous, rigid, brown, especially while young asa ; seeds oblong, not compressed, smooth, glossy dark- rown. Has.—Pegu, about Tounghoo, in shrubberies—FI. Fr. March-Apr. the — SS. = Lat. Arg. 6. C. tortuosa, Roxb.—A large prickly scandent shrub, the young shoots rusty puberulous; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 1-1} ft. long, with 15 to 20 pairs of pinne, the rachises minutely rusty tomentose and prickly ; leaflets in 20-40 pairs, almost falcate-linear to oblong, epeely & rounded at the base, blunt or almost retuse, e centre, on slender about 4 in. long icels, ane simple more | or ae! prickly and minutely faberdons abroeseait racemes in the axi the leaves; calyx and corolla glabrous; filaments rusty- Scie: ; pods linear-oblong, torose, considerably twisted, coriaceous, smooth. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Octob. 7. C. digyna, Rottl—Soon-/et-thai.—A large scandent prickly shrub, the branchlets minutely puberulous or velvety ; leaves ab- ruptly bipinnate, 3-3 ft. long, with 5-9 pairs of pinne, the rachis sessile, ts up to 4 an in. long, ce. sokcc tes ranous, sg coloured beneath ; flowers peda oak yellow (the petals often reddish at the base) , on very slender about an inch long pedicels, forming rather long glabrous racemes in the axils of the leaves; ols and corolla glabrous; filaments white (when dry tawny), : oolly ; ovary — pods 1-2 in. long, Eletrons, torulose, chong -lanoedate 3-seeded, coriaceous and tardily dehiscing in alves; seeds oblang, not compressed, black. ap iesekie nag gee mee Tvrigsceres Ava and Martaban down to Tenas- d villages and Pts choungs in open sient or Faly-Oc pues Te des ties saat pte o= Dil. C. pulcherrima, Sw.; Brand. For. Fl. 157.—Doung-sop.— A i erect shrub, unarmed, all parts quite glabrous; leaves abruptly bipinnate, i. 1 ft. long, with 5-7 pairs of pinnae, the rachises unarmed and more or less pruinous; leaflets in 6-12 pairs, _ oblong to elliptically oblong, somewhat unequal, very shortly _ . 408 LEGUMINOSH. [ Peltophorum. petioluled, 4-2 in. long, retuse, chartaceous or membranous, glab- rous, pale-coloured beneath; flowers large, showy, from yellow to orange-red or variegated in the same colours, on slender 2-3 in. long pedicels, forming terminal and axillary pruinous racemes ; calyx smooth; petals glabrous, cuneate at base ;_ filaments very slender, 1-14 in. long, quite glabrous; pods linear-oblong, acute _ at the base, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, the valves rather convex-flat, smooth, black ; seeds 3-8, oblong, a little compressed, brown. Has.—Generally cultivated in villages all over Burma.—Fl. Fr. oo. PELTOPHORUM, Voge. Sepals 5, united at base in a cup, much imbricate, nearly equal, or the lowermost rather larger. Petals 5, spreading, the 2 lower outer ones rather larger. Stamens 10, free; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with 2 or more ovules; style filiform with a broad peltate stigma. Pod oblong-lanceolate, thin and flat, indehiscent, both margins wing-like expanded and marked with a longitudinal intra-marginal nerve. Seeds 1 or 2, rarely more, without albu- men.— Unarmed trees, with bipinnate leaves, the leaflets small and numerous. Flowers racemose, in terminal panicles. 1. P. fe ineum, Bth.—An evergreen tree (50—60+20—30 +4—6), all softer parts rusty tomentose ; leaves bipinnate, with 8-10 pairs of pinnz, 4-1 ft. long, while young rusty pubescent ; leaflets in 10-20 pairs, opposite, oblong to almost faleate-oblong, blunt or almost retuse, often somewhat unequal, almost sessile, 4-2 in. long, entire, firmly chartaceous, glabrous above, minutely puberulous beneath ; flowers rather small, yellow, on 2-3 lin. long Strong rusty-velvety pedicels, racemose and forming a rusty tomen- tose or velvety panicle at the end of the branchlets; calyx rusty- velvety, the sepals about 24-3 lin. long ; petals about 4-5 lin. long, obovate, waved, villous at the base ; pods 2-3 in. long, oblong- ~ lanceolate, st sessile, shortly acuminate, thick coriaceous, minutely muricated, especially towards the coriaceous borders, or smooth, 1-4-seeded. Haxz.—Not unfrequent in the coast forests of the Andamans.—Fl. May—l. RemarKs.—Wood blackish, the sap-wood whitish, coarse-fibrous, light. SS MEZONEURUM, Desf. Sepals 5, at the base shortly united, much imbricate, the lower- _ most shorter and concave. “Petals 5, spreading, rather unequal, - up innermost one smallest, the 2 outer lower ones largest. St mens 10, free ; anthers uniform. Ovary with 2 or more ovules ; _ Style subulate, with a very small terminal stigma. Pod quite flat, Acrocarpus. ] LEGUMINOSH. 409 indehiscent or tardily opening in 2 valves, the upper suture bordered with a wing. bumen none.—Woody, prickly-armed climbers, with abruptly bipinnate leaves, the leaflets opposite or alternate. Flowers showy, in racemes often collected in a panicle, Leaflets 4 in. long, blunt or retuse, in 8-10 pairs glabrum. ets i 2 in. long, bluntish cumiieutic in 3-4 pairs : «i af, uaeiin. - M. glabrum, Desf.—A large scandent shrub armed with recurved prickles, all parts glabrous, or the shoots more or less puberulous or pubescent ; leaves abruptly es ect 1-14 ft. long, with 4-10 pairs of pinnz, the secondary rachises puberulous, the ain rachis armed with recurved prickles ; leaflets oblong to ellip- tically obovate, alternate or opposite or nearly so, in 8-10 pairs, very shortly petioluled, blunt or rather retuse, about 4 in. long, membranous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath; flowers rather large, yellow, on }$ in. long puberulous pedicels, forming a pu raceme in the axils of the ieaived ad collected in a panicle at the end of the branches; filaments somewhat pubescent ; pods about 4 in. long, chestnut-brown or brown, glossy, chartaceous, smooth, the wing about } in. broad or somewhat narrower. Has.—Frequent in the lower and upper mixed forests, and especially: around villages and along Seaton of Pegu; a more Ane oma variety in the dry forests —Fr. C.S.—L—SS.=SiS., Ca.S., Dil., All. a cucullatum, WA. ; Brand. For. Fl. 155.—Kyoung-chet.— A ‘es Hop! scandent shrub, all parts quite glabrous ; stems terete, about as as a man’s arm or thicker, brownish grey, covered with small may pustules and woody compressed oval warts terminated by a straight, short, but sharp prickle ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 1-14 ft. long, with 2-4 pairs of pinne, the rachises with recurved prickles; leaflets ovate to elliptically ovate, in 3-4 pairs, on a line long petiolule, bluntish acuminate, 14-2 in. long, entire or waved, thin coriaceous, glabrous and glossy ; flowers middling-sized, yellow, on 3-6 lin. long pedicels, forming simple or branched glabrous racemes often arranged in a terminal panicle ; filaments glabrous, bluish ; pods 2-4 in. long, very flat, brown and rather glossy, the wing about $ in. broad. Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Ava to Pegu and Martaban, in the mixed and dry forests.—Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. Nov.—l.—SS.= desert Pileee Ovary adeod. free on the bottom of the cass, ans many- 4.10 LEGUMINOSE. { Pterolobium. ovuled ; style short, —_ the stigma terminal, small. Pod very flat, linear, stalked, owly winged along the ventral suture, 2- valved, slightly fomaloongedh many-seeded.— Unarmed trees, with bipin- nate leaves. Flowers rather large, in robust racemes at the end of the branches. _ 1. A. fraxinifolius, Wight; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 44.—Maya- nheng.—A. tree (80—100+ 60—70+6—8), shedding leaves in C.S., the very young shoots appressed pubescent; bark about 2 lin. thick, greyish, annular, sprinkled with rusty coloured —— eut dry, whitish; leaves unpaired-bipinnate, 14-: ong, pinne in 2-4 pairs, with an odd one, opposite, the aes St while very ae jiskeoal quite glabrescent ; leaflets in 8-6 pairs, with or without an odd one, ovate to one very shortly (1 lin.) petioluled, opposite, acu- minate, 1}-2} in. long, chartaceous, while young shortly pubescent beneath, soon quite glabrous ; flowers middling-sized, green, on puberulous about 2 lin. long pedicels, arranged in ‘robust more or less tawny or rusty velvety racemes arising solitary or by 2-3 at the end of the leafless branchlets ; calyx shortly pubescent, green, the lobes about 2 lin. long; blunt ; ; petals ei about 3-4 lin. long, green; filamen ts glabrous, thick, a, green base yellow and orange ; elongate ee very “flat and slightly torulose, black and var- nished, tape oes in a slender $ an in. long or longer stalk, acute, 4-44 in. long, 17.18. seeded, the wing nearly 14 ln. broad ; seeds small, somewhat compressed, pale-brown Ha aa pang as in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah.—Fl. Jan.- Feb. ; Fr. Apr.-May.—s: 1. REMARKS Woods white, soft. PTEROLOBIUM, R. Br. Sepals 5, at the base united in a cup, imbricate, the lowest longer and Srctage Petals 5, spreading, the 2 lower ones rather — larger. Stamens 10, free ; anthers uniform Ovary sessile, with a solitary ovule ; style filiform with a truneate stigma. Pod sama- id, inde hiscent, ending in a large wing. Seed basal, without — TO: s albumen,—Seandent prickly duithe, with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers in simple or panicled racemes i. 1. P. macropterum, large _scan- dent shru b, armed with short prickles, the young Sager = _ pube: ith 7-8 0 ‘more pairs o: pinne, the rachises priskly: and sidet y puberulous ; leaflets i in 7-9 or more pairs, almost sessile, unequal, oblong or 7 a tic aes 3-3 1 im. long, rounded or retuse, membranous, % al ured ben 3 flowers white, small, sho — i no ary (? glabrous) raceme ; ‘pods samar Amherstia. | LEGUMINOSA. 411 bearing base more than } an inch long, the wing 1} in. long by nearly an inch broad, semi-oblong, rounded at the apex, the inner suture straight. Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests, aoa age! along choungs, from Pegu . and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fr, Jan.—. AMHERSTIA, Wall. The disk-hearing calyx-tube elongate; segments 4, petaloid, somewhat unequal, imbricate. Petals 5, the upper innermost one very broadly obcordate, the 2 lowermost ones minute or rudiment- ary. Stamens 10, alternately shorter, 9 of them connate at base. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform with a terminal stigma. Pod elongate, flat compressed, 2-valved, the upper suture thickened- dilated. Seeds very compressed, without albumen.— Unarmed trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves and narrow, leafy, deciduous stipules. owers showy, in drooping terminal racemes. Bracts very decidu- ous; bractlets ample, highly coloured, persistent. 1. A. nobilis, Wall.—Ziaw-ha or so-ka.—An evergreen tree, 30— - 40 ft. high, the young shoots shortly puberulous; leaves 1-14 ft. long, abruptly pinnate, while very young minutely puberulous beneath, soon quite glabrous ; leaflets in 6-8 pairs, on a thick 1-3 lin. long petiolule, oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, long and slenderly acuminate, 3-5 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, somewhat glaucescent beneath ; flowers large and showy, crimson, with the 3 lower petals yellow towards the apex, on 3-4 in. long minutely puberous pedicels furnished with a pair of 1} in. long broadly lanceolate, acuminate, crimson, minutely puberulous bract- s, forming long almost glabrous drooping racemes at the end of the branchlets ; sepals glabrous, linear-oblong, rather blunt; petals glabrous, waved, about 3 in. long; ovary tawny-pubescent ; pods oblong, flat, glabrous, on a long stalk, about 7 in. long. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-Apr.—s. AFZELIA, Sm. stalked, with 8 to 10 or more ovules. Pod more or less oblong, 2- valved. Seeds separated by transverse spongy septa, with a cup- os. P + ill - base. 2 8 > pe ; with abruptly pinnate leaves. aes 412 LEGUMINOSZE. [ Sindora. oats in thifninal racemes often collected into panicles. Bractlets deciduo Inflorescence and calyx puberulous; pods 4-1 ft. eee ses ; leaves usually bluntis . A. bijuga, Inflorescence and = smooth ; pods 3- 4i in. long, thin coriaceous leaves notched * . A. retusa. 1s lin. long puberulous petiolules, oval to to ovate-oblong, Dluntish to bluntish acuminate, rarely retuse, 14-24 in. long, eo chartaceous, glabrou ; flowers rather small, white, on pube $-4 in. long hice pedicels, forming puberulous racemes suid y 2 or 3 or more collected in a terminal panicle; calyx velvety, the tube 2-3 lin. long, the lobes obovate-oblong, about 4 lin. lo petals glabrous, the — one $ “ in. long, orbinel undulate, clawed ; pods woody, up to 4-1 ft. long by 2 in. broad, oblong, eurved, glabrous, apiculate, sessile ; aa ovoid-oblong, compressed, about an inch long. Has.—Not unfrequent in the coast and beach jungles of the Andaman Islands.—Fl. May-June ; Fr. Apr.—l. RemarKs.—Used in the Aniininies for beams and girders of bridges and for posts. well. 2. A. retusa, Kz.—An evergreen tree, 15-20 ft. high, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves abruptly Brae the rachis very short, glabrous ; leaflets in a single or airs, more or less oval, some- what oblique, very shortly e tiolued: 14 to 2 in. long, entire, charta- ceous, notched, glabrous ; flowers rather small, white, on about 4 lin. abrous pedicels, forming short glabrous simple racemes at the end of thé branchlets ; bractlets under the calyx 2, small, concave- a: persistent ; calyx smooth, the tube “ieee 4 lin. long, lobes obovate, as long as the tube ; pods oblong, 3-4 in. long by 1-13 broad > thin coriaceous, glabrous, somewhat curved along the thickened ‘sutures ot uent along the in tidal and beach f Fl, No unfreuent along é coast of bce Andamans, SINDORA, Mig. ae a ; es disk-bearing, very short or none, the limb 4-parted, valvate or nearly so. Petal 1 only, sessile. Stamens , shortly and sale monadelphous, the uppermost one “without anther, the 2 following perfect, the 7 others short, and 3 anthers longitudinally dehiscing. Ovary shortly stalked, Pahudia. | LEGUMINOSE. 413 free, few-ovuled ; style filiform, with a minute terminal stigma. Pod 2-valved ed, broad, ri gidly coriaceous, usually echinate, often 1-2- seeded. Seeds eg with a large basilar arillus-like strophiole.— Trees, with paired-pinnate leaves. Flowers racemose, one-sided, in ter panicles. Stipules large, like the bracts and bractlets caducous. 1. §, Siamensis, Miq.—An evergreen tree, the young parts tawny puberulous ; stipules rather large, falcate-lunate, deciduous ; leaves abruptly pinnate, shortly petioled, the rachis terete glabrescent; leaflets usually in 3 pairs, obovate, very shortly petioluled, obtuse or acute at the base, more or less notched, coriaceous, 14-2 in. long, densely and elegantly ethers puberulous, 8 margins somewhat thickened and reflexed ; flowers shortly pedicelled, bracted, racemose, densely tawny velvety, muricate at the apex; pods broadly oval, 3-4 in. long, flat, thick coriaceous, distantly but strongly ec ae glabrous ; seeds compressed orbicular, about 3 in. across, the Itke strophiole half the size of the seed, in a dried state horny. Has.—Adjoining provinces of Siam.—Fl. Fr. HS. PAHUDIA, Mig. Calyx-tube disk-bearing, more or less elongate, the limb 4- parted, the lobes decussately imbricate. Petal one only developed, _. Shortly clawed, the lower ones very rudimentary or altogether wanting. Stamens 7, declinate, united high up into a slit goa the filaments unequal land free at the summit, often mall staminodes situated at the base of the staminal tube ; anthers longi tudinally ae ie stalked, etter itr igs: vcd ea Be like strophiole——Trees, with sine leaves. Flowers race- mose, in sessile or —— terminal panicles. Stipules, bracts, and bractlets very caducous P. xylocarpa, Kz ak tree, the branchlets pruinose, and while young somewhat puberulous ; leaves paired-pinnate, shortly petioled, the rachis very slender, glabrous ; leaflets in 2 (in the floral ones only in single) pairs, on a thick about 14-2 lin. long petiolule, more or less oval, rounded at the base, more or less notched, thin chartaceous, 3-34 in. long, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, the net-veination thin and lax; flowers almost one-sided, racemose, on short thick pedicels, forming grey-puberulous oe panicles; sepals grey-velvet, about 24 lin. long, eoncave-obova hick sem Bombe ees: E loe 414 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Zamarindus. seeded ; seeds compressed, orbicular, enclosed in the medullary en- we 1} in, across, supported by the horny, large, arillus-like unicle. Has.—Adjoining provinces of Siam.—Fr. H.S.; Fr. begin. of B.S. TAMARINDUS, L. Sepals 4, united at the base into a turbinate tube, the segments much imbricate. Petals 3, the lateral ones ovate, the upper inner one narrower, concave. Stamens incurved, united up to the middle in a sheath, 3 or rarely 2 only perfect, the 4 or 5 others redneed to short teeth at the summit of the sheath. Ovary stalked, with several ovules; style inflexed, rather thick, with a truncate stigma, Pod thick, the epicarp crustaceous and fragile, the mesocarp pulpy, the endocarp thick and fleshy, forming complete partitions between the seeds. Albumen none.—Trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers in terminal racemes. rous, somewhat glaucescent beneath; flowers rather small, with rose-coloured petals, on 3-4 lin. long pedicels, forming short termi- nal bractless racemes ; sepals 3-4 lin. long, glabrous ; petals lanceo- late, somewhat longer than the sepals, acuminate, somewhat orange, streaked with scarlet, undulate ; pods 3-6 in. long, thick, somewhat torose, elongate-oblong, the epicarp fragile, rough, brownish grey, the pulp very acid and edible, red while unripe, then brownish olive. Has.—Generally cultivated all over Burma, but apparently nowhere wild.— Fl. HLS.; Fr. C.S—SS. =o CaS. ReMARKs.—Sap-wood yellowish white, not heavy, rather fibrous and loose- grained, perishable ; the heart-wood of old trees only small, very hard, dark- : ar! ing ebony, som u Good for oil-mills, mallets, Seeueenen also for furniture and in house-build- ing, but difficult to work on account of its hardness. Yields a white resin in small quantities. oo .. SARACA, L. a _ The disk-bearing calyx-tube elongate ; segments 4, petaloid and _ mearly equal, much imbricate. Petals none. Stamens 3-9, free, filaments elongate; anthers almost uniform. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform with a terminal blunt stigma. Pod Cynometra. | LEGUMINOSE. | 415 oblong or elongate, flat or somewhat turgid, 2-valved. Arillus and albumen none.—Unarmed trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves. ' Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers racemose, forming short lateral : and terminal panicles. 1. S. Indica, L; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 57 (except the pod) ; Brand. For. Fl. 166.—Thaw-ha-hpo.—An evergreen tree (25—30 +58—12+2—3), all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 3-14 ft. long, glabrous; leaflets in 4-5 pairs, on a thick 1-2 lin. long petiolule, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate to blunt- ish, 4-6 in. long, thin coriaceous, entire; flowers middling-sized, scarlet, on }-1 in. long scarlet smooth pedicels 2-bracteoled at middle, forming a glabrous usually nodding more or less crowded cymose panicle at the end of the branchlets and lateral; bracts smaller than the bractlets, triangular-acute ; calyx glabrous, scarlet, the tube about 4 an in. long, the lobes elliptical, about 8 lin. long, rounded ; pods flat, elongate oblong-lanceolate, woody coriaceous, 3-% ft. long, long-stalked, smooth. Has.—Tropical forests of Arracan, as, e. g., B Fl. Oct.—s.—SS.=SiS. CYNOMETRA, L. Sepals at the base very shortly united, the free part separating into 4 imbricate segments, the upper one rather broader. Petals 5, nearly equal. Stamens 10 or more, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with 2 ovules; style subulate, with a small terminal stigma. Pod obliquely half-orbicular, fleshy and often edible, turgid, 2-valved. Seed usually solitary —Unarmed trees or shrubs, with abruptly pinnate leaves, the leaflets in few pairs only. Flowers small, in axillary or lateral clusters or racemes. Flowers in short umbel-like puberulous racemes ; ovary villous « C. ramiflora, Flowers in longer or shorter bracted racemes ; pedicels glabrous ; ovary glabrous or puberulous . 3 . . . : - C. cauliflora. 1. C. ramiflora, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t.315.—Myeng-hka-pen.— An evergreen tree (15—25 +4—10+4 1—2), all parts glabrous or the young shoots puberulous; leaves abruptly pinnate, 2-6 in, long, the rachis strong and glabrous or slender and puberulous ; leaflets in 1 or 2 pairs, obliquely obovate-oblong to almost falcate-oblong, sessile or nearly so, 1-3 in. long, entire, very blunt or shortly and bluntish acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers s ; white, on slender 3-4 lin. long puberulous pedicels, forming small umbel-like clusters above the axils of the fallen leaves; bracts very deciduous ; ¢alyx about a line long; stamens 10; ovary tawny villous; pods fleshy and strongly wrinkled, irregularly oblong or ovoid, terminat- . ing in a fleshy thick acumen, about } in. long and nearly as broad, jackin a 7 > - AUCUadses7cr iil.’ Ye . 416 LEGUMINOSH. [ Eutada. AB.—Frequent in the tidal and beach jungles along the coasts from Chitta- gong down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—FI. Oct. ; Fr. C.S.—l.—SS.=Sal. 2. C. cauliflora, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 315.—An ever- green tree (15—20+1— 2 +2—3), all parts glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets in a single pair or rarely one of them abortive, very shortly petioluled or almost sessile, unequal, dimi- diate-oblong to somewhat falcate-lanceolate, somewhat narrowed at the notched apex, 2-3 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, or a little red-tinged, on rather thick glabrous pedicels about 2 lin. ‘long, forming shorter or longer sessile, bracted, gi: boone: racemes arising ty 3 or more from the trunk and older one i almost irregularly globose, apiculate, glabrous, 1-4 in long, edible. Has.—Burma, cultivated only. II.—Sus-orp. Mimosea. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals valvate and often united. Stamens 5 or 10, or very numerous. ENTADA, Adans. Calyx very shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, more or less united or free. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted ; ‘anthers gland- tipped. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; ; style filiform, with a truncate stigma. Pod Jar, arge and long, flat, coriaceous or woody, the sutures thick and persistent after the separation of the one-seeded articles, the endocarp separating from the epicarp and persistent round the large flat seeds —Lofty vege! climbers, un- armed, with abruptly bipinnate leaves. Flowers small, sessile, long spikes sometimes collected into a terminal panicle, Besta very small, 1. E. scandens, Bth. ; Brand. For. Fl. 167.—Kong-nyin-nway.— A very large scandent shrub, all parts eens the stems screw-like — = ayes as thick as a man’s thigh, with patelliform protuber- k 2 fn. ‘thick, blackish or brownish, squarish fissuring and 2 or as 1 pine only, the terminal one iatiemeds in a dou ble tendril; leaflets in 2-5 pairs, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, Sei — petioluled, narrowed at both ends, retuse, 1-24 in. long, thin Ss entire, membranous or chartaceous ; flowe ers small, mae Ly _ sessile, hia elongate Laasigeed pubescent See in the axils of the r leaves 3 calyx $ lin. long ; peta I about line long ; sous 2-4 ft. ne by by 2-3 in. broad, woody, Adenanthera. | LEGUMINOS#. 417 with st thickened borders, jointed, torulose ; seeds nearly 13 in. in oe all over Burma and adjacent provinces and islands, ——_ aly in the mixed forests—FI. March- Apr. ; Fr. C.S.—s: 1—8S.= @ SiS, RemsRxs.—Wood very coarse, fibrous, and porous. ADENANTHERA, L. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, at length free. Stamens 10, free; anthers tipped with a deciduous gland. Ovary sessile, with several ovules; style filiform, with a ‘eine terminal stigma, Pod compressed, elongate, often curled up when fully ripe, 2-valved, the endocarp often forming more or less complete partitions between the seeds. Testa of seeds hard, shining somaet: Albumen scanty. —Unarmed trees, with abruptly bipinnate leaves. Flowers small, pedicelled, in long spike-like racemes often collected in a terminal 5 1. A. pavonina, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 96.; Brand. For. Fl. 168 — Yuay-kyee. —A tree (60—70+30—40 4 46), shedding leaves in C.S., the young shoots appressed silk-hairy ; leaves abruptly ptonate, 1- 4 ft. 1006 with 5-2 pinnew, while young appressed escent ; leaflets in 6-10 pan, ona ra short puberulous petiolule, long, linear, acuminate at both ends, when fully ripe curling up, torose, 2-valved, thin coriaceous, black and glabrous outside, pale- yellow within ; ‘seeds about 4 lin. in diameter, shining scarlet, len- ticular-compressed. Has.—Frequent all over Burma and adjacent islands, in the — forests up to 2,500 ft. elevation.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. C.S.—s _—88.=SiS Metam. RemarKs.— Wood Drage heavy, coarse, fibrous, light-brown or oillcintle grey, turning brown at exposure, hard and ¢ attacked by phages ; the heart-wood dark-brown, solid, hast and auiable. Suitable for pa gala Wood yields =} red dye. The scarlet seeds are used by jewellers for weights, also for ornaments, &c. PARKIA, RB. Br. Flowers 5-parted, in heads, the upper ones hermaphrodite, the wer ones e or sterile. Calyx tubular with a shortly 5- lobed bilabiate limb, the two lower segments larger. Petals nar- towly linear-spatulate, confluent below with the filaments, valvate _ 2c 418 LEGUMINOSE. [ Parkia. in bud (?), Stamens 10, exserted; anthers blunt. Ovary stalked or sessile, many-ovuled ; style slender, with a minute terminal stigma. Pods elongate or a cone: 2-valved, almost indehiscent or dehiscent, coriaceo Seeds enveloped in fleshy or dry pulp. Albumen none. ater paceesti trees, with abruptly bipinnate eave, the leaflets usually very numerous. Flowers small, each furnished ~ with a narrow spatalate | bract, sessile, in dense globose or pyriform e Remese pendulous heads. Receptacle irregular ; calyx-lobes Scompnagl _— 20 or more ; Ieaticte only $ in. ce — glabro . P. leiophylia, Receptacle eee calyx-lo obowate emesis pinnse about 8; leaflets an inch long, opesaiorg eath . PL. insignis. Teiophylla, Kz.—A ne (80—120 + 50—80 +6—9), leaf- ess in H.S., the young shoots pubescent ; leaves abruptly bipin- nate, 1-2 ft. "long, with about 20 or more almost opposite pinne, the rachises all tawny and shortly pubescent ; leaflets about 30-40, sessile, opposite, linear-oblong and a little falcate, obliquely auricled at the base, $ in. long by about 2 lin. broad, obliquely acute, thin long stalk and forming a dense club-shaped head on 1-14 ft. long glabrous peduncles forming shorter or longer racemes at the end of the branches ; calyx nearly 4 lin. long, the tube glabrous, me lobes rotundate and ensely tawny tomentose outside; pods 1-1} ft. long, linear, narrowed into a 3-3? ft. long stalk. final at the apex, Tras and somewhat varnished, black, torose at the numer- caster ops of ment in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests es the the Pegu Yomah.—Fl. H.S. (?) ; Fr. Feb.-March.—s. : L—SS. sarees —Sap-wood white, soft. 2. P. insignis, Kz.—Myouk-tanyet—A tree (80—100 + 40— tachises ew or a abe tomentose ; leaflets in 20 to 25 pairs, almost opposite, a little faleate, oblong, sessile, with an unequal slightly auricled base, rounded at apex, | in. long ey 4 broad, entire, coria- ceous, the nerves excepted glabrous above, beneath pubescent, ere, with the nerves arcuately anastomizing ; flowers small, : , sessile, and densely crowded on the club-shaped globose sceptacle narrowed into an inch long stalk, —- a elub- ape d head on the 1 ft. long peduncles which arise y end of the branches ; calyx about 4 lin. amet the tube Xylia. | LEGUMINOSZ. 419 glabrous or nearly so, the lobes obovate-cuneate, appressed tawny pubescent. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Toun- ghoo.—Fl. March-Apr.—s : 1—SS.=Metam. RemarKs.—Wood yellowish, turning pale-brown, rather heayy, of a some- what unequal coarse fibre, soon attacked by xylophages. Exudes a red resin. XYLIA, Bth. Flowers small, 5-parted, sessile, mostly hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals slightly cohering at the base, valvate. Stamens 10, free, exse 3 anthers without glands. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod sessile, broadly faleate, flat, woody, elastically 2- valved, septate between the transverse compressed s.—Unarm trees, with abruptly bipinnate leaves, the pinne in a single pair. Stipules small, linear, deciduous. Flower-heads globular, pedun- cled, solitary from the scars of the fallen leaves or spuriously racemose. 1. 2. For. Fl. 171.—Pynkadoe.—A tree (90—100 +50—60 + 9— ), re- maining stunted in sterile grounds, leafless in H.S., the young shoots y striate, peeling off in irregular rounded pieces ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, the single pair of pinne on a 1-14 in. long appearing spuriously racemose or clustered ; calyx yellowish villous ; pods broadly falcate-lanceolate, cuneately tapering at the base, 3-4 m. long, greyish brown, glabrous, striate, rather acute, flat, woody elastically 2-valved, many-seeded. : ' Has.—Common in all leaf-shedding forests, but chiefly in the upper mixed forests, all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down +o Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. C.8.—l.—SS.= @ SiS. = RemarKs.—Wood brown to dark-bro eavy, fibrous, but close-grained, work. OQ’ = 60-66 k. or spars, railway sleepers, handles of chisels, gauges. Used for ploughs, -posts, Ta ge Posts, boat anchors, in the construction of carts and for other purposes. ; a red resin, 420 LEGUMINOSE. [ Acacia. ACACIA, Willd. Sepals 5, 4, or 3, free or united, rarely eons he. Petals as many, free or united. Stamens indefini ve numerous, free or slightly united at the very base. Gag sessile or stalked, with 2 to many ovules; style filiform with a small terminal stigma. Pod linear or oblong, flat to neatly cylindrical, — — or variously twisted, opening in 2 valves or indehisce eeds more or less flattened, the funicle usually thickened se or round ti .—Trees or shrubs, often scandent, prickly or unarmed, with abruptly bipinnate leaves reduced to simple phyllodia (dilated petioles). Flowers small, in globular heads or cylindrical * Trees or ey shrubs, armed only with paired diverging ae or infra-stipulary spines. ah globular heads. — thick eit almost here: fleshy ; flower-heads clustered , . A. Farnesiana. t, a < heads arranged in terminal panicles . . A, leucophlea. a Shama: in spikes. ae Leaves with 10-30 pairs of pinne ; leaflets 1-nerved at base. Pods slenderly stalked. Spikes ast irae tomentose ; young agin greyish pubescent ; bark . A, suma. ; ae how, glabrous | or pubescent ; leaves glabrous or nearly 3 bark dar! . A, catechu. Sc Les with 3-5. pairs of pinne ; leaflets 3-5- nerved at i ase, glabro . A ferruginea. * x Climbers. No stipulary prickles: but the " branchlets armed along their whole ~~: with recurved sharp prickles. Flower-heads X Pods thick, fleshy- carerees patel , . A. concinna. X X Pods dry, c ceous or thin eS flat. ge © Ovary and pods pubescent . . A, c@sia. O O Ovary and labrous Leaflets 8.30 juirs Fi lone . A. Intsia, Leaflets in 30-40 pairs, 2-3 lin. ine ‘branchlets puberulous, but not pruinose; flower-heads the a large pea . A. pennata. As peng but the fower-heads < ‘aoutly tales ; “branchlets 3 leaflets about 6 lin. long, glabrous . A, pruinescens. * 7 ees or erect shrubs, armed only por paired diverging es or infra-stipulary spines. Willd.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 51; Brand. For. Fi. 180.—Nan-lon-kyaing. —An evergreen tree (20—25+8 : oot} , armed with paired, straight, sharp, stipulary spines of 2-3 lin. length, the young shoots slightly pubescent ; ake sevty bipinnate, 13-3 in. long, with 3-6 pairs of pinne, rachises tly and minutely pubescent, usually with a minute lan: above the base of the petiole ; leaflets in 12-20 pairs, linear- ong and very slightly curved, blunt or almost acute, sessile, coriaceous, #, glabrous or nearly so; flowers small, very ail — “ om a s ae OE EEE Sn ae Acacia. | LEGUMINOSH. 421 scented, rereess in globular heads of nearly 4 an in. in diameter, borne on 1-14 in. long pubescent or almost glabrous naked peduncles arising by 1-4 or more from the axils of the leaves; calyx shortly toothed, almost glabrous; petals twice as long as the calyx, tubular-connate ; ;: S coriaceous, irregularly cylindrical, straight or curved, almost sessile, acuminate, 1-2 in. long, smooth, or na dried state striolate, indehiscent or "nearly so; seeds irregularly oblong, oblique. Has.—Frequently cultivated in villages se over Burma, more panes; in CaS. Prome and Ava, and here often semi-spontaneous.—Fl. Jan.—l.—8S.—= Ks.—Wood very hard and tough, smh used in India for ship-knees, ak Seen, ad similar pu A delicious perfume is distilled from the rposes. flowers. Exudes a considerable quantity of a sort of white gum-arabic. 2. A. leucophlea, Willd. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 48 ; Brand. For. Fl. 184, t. 27.—Ta-nou ng—A leaf-shedding tree (50—60 + 8—25 + the lower branches fearfully armed with paired, straight, sharp, blackish, stipulary spines of 3-1 in. length, the young shoots pubescent or almost glabrous; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 3-4 in. long, with 4-7 pairs of pinnz, the rachises pubescent or almost glabrous ; leaflets in 12-30 pairs, obliquely linear-oblong, blunt or acute, 3-4 lin. long, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous or slightly merce 5 flowers minute, sessile, yellowish, in globular heads of the size of a pea or pepper-kernel, on 2-3 lin. long pubescent or esis slender or robust peduncles bracted at middle, arranged in an ample leafless awe or puberulous panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx about 4 lin. long, like corolla eines eae Has. —Not — in the dry forests of Prome ; also Ava.—Fr. March.— 1—SS.—CaS 3. Kivu, Buch. ; Brand. For. Fl. 187 U. catechu, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. +t. 49).—An evergreen (?) tree (30—40+ 12—20+4+3—4), the shoots and young parts all greyish pubescent, the stem remark- ably white and armed with occasional woody — terminated by a prickle, the branches prickly from paired usually straight, sharp, stipulary spines; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 4-10 in. long, with 10-30 pairs of pinne, the Somers ges greyish pubescent ; leaflets in ce to 50 arth ,» linear, acute, not | or slightly ish pobesount spikes in the axils of no oe: ex about a line long, greyish velvety ; corolla only a little longer than the calyx oS a fine polish. O’=56-70. Be loyed for ts an _ spear and sword handles, =, &e. There a 422 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Acacia, puberulous ; pods linear-oblong, rigidly coriaceous, greyish brown, tapering in a short stalk, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, glabrous. Has.—Ava. 4. A. catechu, Willd. ; Brand. For. Fl. 186 (4. sundra, Roxb. ; Bedd. Syly. Mae t. 50) —Sha.—A tree (50—60 + 15—25+ 4—6), shedding leaves in H.S., the branchlets armed with paired, short, but sharp, usually curved or almost straight, blackish, often some- what dilated stipulary spines, the younger parts more or less pubes- cent or almost glabrous; bark brown, cracked, peeling off in long flakes which remain hanging, and hence the trunk often appears some- what scaly ; cut red; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 4-6 in. long, with 10- 20 pairs of pinne, the rachis more or less pubescent or when full grown sometimes quite glabrous; leaflets in 20-40 pairs, sessile, lmear, about 2 lin. long, rigidly chartaceous, blunt or acute, ciliate or quite glabrous ; flowers small, yellow, sessile, forming more or less elon- gate, shortly pubescent or shuns spikes arising solitary or by 2-3 from the axils of the leaves ; calyx 4 a line long, toothed, pubescent or glabrous; corolla Satay or aoe rs twice as long as the calyx, glabrous or nearly so ; pods Japadl payee very flat, acuminate at both ends and tapering in a short stalk, 2-3 in. long, black or brown, often glossy ; seeds compressed, sone brown. Var. 1. Catechu proper; young parts all slightly appressed pubescent, soon glabrescent ; ally recurved and blackish ; leaves when full grown elabrous ¢ or the leaflets ciliate, the ian ae ad ee pubescent ; spikes shorter and thicker, along with als See or less appressed pubescent ; corolla about eee as 2 ae as ihe ak Var. 2. Sundra re a DC.) ; all parts glabrous or the very young shoots slightly pubescent ; stipulary spines usually short and eurved, blackish; leaves and their rachis when grown quite glabrous; spikes elongate and slender, along with the ealyx quite glabrous ; corolla glabrous, about 3 longer than the calyx. hepa common all over Ava and Prome, xtending into the Irra- waddi zone of Pegu, especially in the dry forests, vathck rare in the lower mixed walk amrascadr fered: var. 2 apparently in Ava.—FL. begin, of R.S.; Fr. C.S.— I1—SS.=Ca8. All. ReMaRxKs.—Sap-wood yellowish white, in bulk according to age from 3 and more inches to 1 inch sathcnen cubis heavy, fibrous, but close- grained ; the heart-wood similar, but dark-brown, ve vey strong and durable ; takes or railway sleepers. Kutch or catechu (Terra japonica of commerce) akan resin. 2 SSSA i te woo inge qua Exudes Acacia. | LEGUMINOSE. 423 5. A. ferruginea, DC. ; Brand. For. Fl. 185.—An evergreen (?) tree 20-30 ft. high, all parts glabrous, unarmed or more usually the branchlets armed with short glossy black stipulary prickles ; = by et lin. broad, 3-5-nerved at the base, pte glaucous green; flowers small, yellow, sessile, forming peduncled, linear-oblong, sessile or nearly so, with a thick samt ee 4-6 in. long by 1 broad, flat, bluntish, opaque and laxly veined, brown ; seeds flat, es glossy. Has.—Burma, without locality (taken up on Beddome’s authority, who gives the Burmese name “ sitnet ” for it). * * Climbers. No stipulary prickles, but the branchlets along their whole length armed with recurved sharp prickles concinna, DC. ; Brand. For. Fl. 188.—Soo-pwot-nway.— with 4-5 in. long, with 4-6 pairs of pimne, the rachis puberulous or almost glabrous, armed on the back with recurved prickles ; leaflets in 10-20 pairs, sessile, cea tassspmaaiaet re tia truncate at the broader base, blunt or blunti sh, up to } in. long, membranous, glabrous or nearly so; flowers” small, woitla; yellowish, in small heads of about 4 in. in diameter, borne on 1-13 in. long sparingly pubescent or densely F pheno rotnelas arising oolricry or by 2 or 3 from the axils of the leaves or from above the scars of the oblong and occasionally constricted between the seeds, tapering at the base, blunt with a thick point, slightly torose, glabrous, slowly dehiscing ; ; seeds rather compressed, black. Help ces in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests all over Burma down $0 the e Andamans.—Fl. March-Apr.—Fr. C.S.—s: rer 7. A, Intsia, Willd.—A large scandent shrub, the branches armed with numerous recurved, black, small but t sharp prickles, the branchlets more or less shortly rusty or tawny pubescent or tomen- tose; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 3-3 ft. long, with 4-8 pinne, the 424 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Acacia. rachises more or less pubescent or almost tomentose and recurved- prickly ; ; leaflets in 8-20 pairs, sessile, unequal, almost falcate-oblong, amore or less rounded unequal base, more or less acute, about © = in. long, ——— glabrous, with a strong lateral nerve arising from the flowers small, yellowish, sessile, forming small globular heats of about } in. in dhaiotees borne on straight, tawny tomentose, 4-3 in. long, naked peduncles solitary or by 2-4 clustered and forming a rather ample shortly tomentose panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx about 4 lin. long, slightly pubes- cent, the corolla somew at longer ; pods linear-Jineoolate or elongate- oblong, 3-5 in. long, very flat, with the borders somewhat thickened, often on the same plant gradually tapering or oad 2 contracted in a short stalk, acuminate or blunt, brown, smooth; see pressed, blackish acti glossy. Has.—Chittagong hills 8. A, pennata, Willd.; Brand. For. Fl. 189.—Soo-yit. ag Hi scandent shrub, the — and branchlets armed with numerous small but sha ecurved, glossy, blackish prickles, the linear, acuminate or acute a both ends, shortly Stalked, Pa “flat, with the borders pa oats thickened, 4-5 in. long, elabrous, brown or ; compressed, Has.—Common in all “eating forests all over Burma and adjacent islands.—Fl. R.S.; Fr.C. $S.—1.—SS = —Weoa. porous, brown, en heavy. 9. A. pruinescens, Kz.—A large veon climber, armed with recurved thorns, the stems as thick as an arm, the young branch- = pruinose ; leaves up to 10 in. long, the petiole rather short with d far above the base ; pinne numerous, the rachis sigh ly pubescent and sparingly recurved prickly ; leaflets in numerous pairs, sessile, dimidiate-linear, up to 6 lin. long, blunt, glabrous or ciliate ; flowers small, yellow, sessile, in globose heads the size of a mesh borne on-tawny pubescent about an inch long usually in long, axillary, recurved prickly racemes 1 are pruinose and usually pubescent while young; ovary eee = Albizzia, | LEGUMINOSH. 425 glabrous ; pods linear-oblong, acute at both ends, flat, with thick- ened sutures, pale-brown, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Has.—Not unfrequent in = gare forests of the Pegu Yomah; also as hills.—Fl. Fr. C.S.—SS.=SiS., 10. A. cesia, WA.; Be nd. For. Fl. 189.—A_ large secede shrub, the branches and branchlets terete, and more or less shortly and softly tawny or rusty pubescent, armed with numerous sm but sharp recurved pubescent prickles; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 3-1 ft. long, with 7-15 pairs of pinne, the rachises softly pubescent or almost tomentose and often armed with recurved prickles ; leaflets in 15-40 pairs, from Shaationi to almost falcate-oblong, unequal, sessile, bristly acute or bluntish, with or without a minute mucro, 3-6 lin. long, rigidly chartaceous to almost membranous, while young on both sides (capedially beneath) appressed pubescent, more or less glabrescent_above, rarely also beneath ; flowers small, white, sessile, in small globular. heads of the size of a large borne. on a tawny tomentose 4-2 in. long peduncle, several together, clustered and forming an ample shortly tawny tomentose panicle at the end of the ee Pg ; calyx hardly 4 lin. long, slightly pubescent ; corolla somewhat pees: than the calyx ; pods oblong, often occasionally sinuate-constricted, more or less abruptly con- tracted in a short stalk, usually Mou with a point, very flat, with the borders ean hte thickened, shortly and minutely pubescent and hardly glabrescent ; seeds compressed, blackish. Has.—Not unfrequent in = Ly ne ac along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban.—Fr. C.S.—s : 1—S S. = SiS., Metam. ALBIZZIA, Durazz. Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, 5- or rarely 4-toothed. Corolla 5- or rarely 4-lobed, with a cylindrical tube. Stamens indefinite and usually very numerous and long, the filaments united in a longer or shorter basal tube enclosing eis ovary. Pod linear or oblong, straight and flat, or rather thick and curved, either opening into 2 valves, or only along one suture or quite indehiscent, without pulp inside. Seeds orbicular to ovate, more or less compressed, the funi long and filiform.—Trees or shrubs, unarmed, with sieupile bipin- nate leaves. Flowers small, in a obiiae or oblong g heads or umbels or — in cylindrical spikes, “often collected into | panicles. x Pinne numerous (10-18) ; leaflets linear, 1-6 sie long, in very numerous pairs. © Leaflets bluntish, the nerve central or nearly so; flower heads small, in terminal panicles : . A. myriophylia. O O Leaflets acute or nearly so, aa nerve marginal or nearly so. Stipules very large, eae ovate, acuminate ; all parts more or less shortly ee ges . A. stipulata, Stipul Ui adult parts glabrous or nearly 60 . A. elegans, 426 LEGUMINOSZ. [ Albizzia. X X Pinne in 2-6 pairs ; ales, orate to oblong, $-1} in. Calyx minute ; corolla 14 os jong: é ‘ a ‘ . A. odoratissima, Calyx 13 lin. long; co cor tie . A, Lebbek Leaflets shortly soaked pinnae in 4-3 pai sia ¥ lin. long; pods tapering at the base, linear, ioctl : . A. procera. Leaflets ‘h- 4 in. long; ‘pods : stalked, oblong, veined, black . . A. Teysmanni. Xx X X Pinne in a single pair; lea arge, eget ' in a few so ony elabrons hse broad and flat = . A. lucida, 1. A. myriophylla, Bth. 2h seialt evergreen tree, the young shoots tawny and shortly pubescent; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 3-10 in. long, with 10 to 18 pine, the rachises rusty eBid ; leaflets in 20-40 pairs, sessile, linear, slightly faleate, bluntish, ciliolate, 2-3 lin. long, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, sessile or nearly so, in small heads, on 3-3 in. long tawny pu ous peduncles clustered and formin, laiper or smaller pani- cles in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; ealyx tawny pubescent, minute ; corolla about a line long, eo aped, pubescent outside ; pods linear-lanceolate, acuminate at base, occasionally sinuate between the seeds, 2-3 in. long, very flat and thin, glossy brown, smooth. Haxs.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr. pre 2. A, sepals Boiv.; Bedd. Sylv. Madras t. 55; Brand. For. Fl. 178.—Bo-me-za.—An evergreen tree (L00— —120 + 60—80 + 8— 124), often heddioe leaves in H.S., the young parts all shortly pubescent ; stipules unusually large, . 14 in. long, obliquely cordate, acuminate, velvety pubescent, depeaains leaves abruptly bipinnate, 3-13 ft. long, with 7 to 20, rarely fawer pinne, the rachises all shortly tawny pubescent ; leaflets in 20 to nearly 50 pairs, sessile, faleate and ees oblong-linear, acute, 3-4 lin. long, mem- branous, slightly and minutely ee ciliate, glaucous or almost ro beneath, the midrib almost owers small, white, nearly 8 lin. is ng ; chic tingasoblang tapering at the base, m more or less blunt, very flat with the sutures slightly thickened, 1, 24-84 AB.—Frequent in the topical and moister upper m ixed Ele meee = into the dee hill forests, up to 4,000 ft. slevetion. Spt from Ava and Chittagong down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. C.8.— =Metam.—SiS., ete. = -Remarxs.—Sap-wood broad, white, @, light, coarse-grained and fibrous ; heart- ~ wood dark-brown and heavy, takes fine polish. Good for cabbie oer: furni- _ and similar purposes. . Albizzia. | LEGUMINOSZ, 427 3. A. elegans, Kz.—An evergreen tree (80—100+50—70+ 7—8), the young shoots greyish or tawny puberulous; stipules minute, deciduous ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 1-14 ft. long, with 7-14 pinne, the rachises puberulous and glabrescent; leaflets in 20-25 pairs, somewhat falcate, linear-oblong, sessile, somewhat h acute, thin chartaceous, when full grown glabrous, the midrib tolerably median ; flowers and fruits unknown, Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, as along the feeders of the Swa-choung, etc.—s.—SS.=SiS, and very unequal, sometimes falcate, blunt or bluntish, rarely acute, $-} in. long, entire, rigidly chartaceous, while young often ap- Frequent in the mixed and dry forests all over Prome, Pegu, and serim. Has.— -Martaban down to Tenas .—Fl. H:S.; Fr. C.S.—sx1.—SS.— wSi8. * Remarxs.—Heart-wood dark-coloured, turning almost black with age, strong and heavy, rather loose-grained, takes good polish ; sap-wood white, perishable. 0. A, Lebbek, Bth.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 53; Brand. For. Fl. 176.—Kokko.—A_ tree (60—70+30—40 +6—7), leafless in HL.S., the young shoots puberulous or almost glabrous; bark whitish; leaves abruptly bipinnate, with 4-2 (rarely 1) pairs of pinne, the rachis glabrous or rarely puberulous ; leaflets in 5-9 pairs, on a very short (less than } a lin. long) petiolule, obliquely . oval- oblong to oblong and ovate-oblong, unequal, 1-14 in. long, retuse or blunt, entire, almost chartaceous, glabrous or rarely sparing] O 4 leafless branchlets ; calyx tubular, about 14 lin. long, glab- 428 LEGUMINOSH. [ Albizzia. rous or puberulous; corolla end about 4 lin. long ; pods 4-1 ft. long, linear-oblong, bluntish at both ends or rarely acuminate, very compressed and flat, with the ae slightly thickened, 1-1} in. broad, smooth, yellowish, glossy. Has.—Frequent in the tropical and gerd upper mixed forests from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation; also Prome (the pubescent dry-country form) along Ey —Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. C.S.—s x1.— ReMarxs.—Sap-wood white, coarse-fibrous; heart-wood blackish brown, close-grained, rather heavy, coarsely fibrous, but com pact, takes fine polish. Good for furniture - carriage axles, also for building purposes. Yields a an isco long, glabrous; corolla funnel-shaped, about 3 lin. long, ribs or nearly so; pods linear, 3-5 in. long by 4-3 in. broad, tapering at the base, acute, very flat, with the seins slightly thickened, brown, smoo e Has.—Frequent i and Martaban ane Freq t iaene aa and. 7 ae all cate el SPE has Sake: oa C.S.—1.—S88. en SiS. s. All, Sal (?). REemarKs.— om Bed ngs ahead or — rather light, coarsely fibrous, but tolerably close-grained art-wood brown to blackish brown, rather heavy, stre eh strong sone sett takes fine polish. Good for house-building, acim ork, etc. 7. A. Teysmanni, Kz.—A lofty tree, the leaf-buds puberu- lous; leaves abruptly bipinnate, a ft. lon ng, glabrous, the rachis and the oe rather terete, bout a foot long, glandless ; ‘pinne in 4 pat up to a foot long; leaflets in 8-9" pairs, = like Pithecolobium. ] LEGUMINOS®. 429 thickened on the margins, veined; seeds 4-6, elliptically orbicular, rather compressed, } in. long, brownish. Has.—Adjoining Siamese province of Radbooree. —Fr. HS. Remarxs.—Yields the best timber of 7. A. lucida, Bth.; Brand. For. Fl. 174.—Than-that-pen.—A tree Ah eee re or remaining stunted on impermeable strata, leafless at the begin of H.S., all parts quite glabrous; bark very thin, greyish, covered with little corky pustules ; ‘leaves abruptly bipinnate with only a single pair of pinne, glabrous ; leaflets usually in 2 pairs, oval to elliptically oblong and oblong-lanceo- late, on a 1-2 lin. long petiolule, bluntish acuminate, 2-4 in. long, chartaceous ; flowers small, yellowish, sessile or nearly so, in small heads, borne on 4-1 in. long glabrous peduncles, tes and forming terminal glabrous’ panicles ; calyx nearly a line long, minutely toothed, the 2 lin. long corolla outside tay pubes- cent ; pods 3-6 in. long, linear-oblong, bluntish at both ends, very flat, with the sutures somewhat raised, pale-brown, smooth and somewhat glossy. Hazs.—Common in the dry forests of Ava = Prome; rather rare in the lower mixed forests of Pars. —F. Apr.; Fr. C.S.—s x1. 8S. —SiS. Lat. CaS. Remarxs.—Sap-wood white, coarsely fibrous ; ree brown, compact. PITHECOLOBIUM. Characters and habit of bc tnet but the pods Mtemsats:f or screw-like twisted or curved. Seeds without an arillus. X Flowers pedicelled, in ee umbels or racemes, iggreee 1 in. broad and lo ong 3 branchlets terete; leaves with a ingle pair of pinne . P. lobatum. i cochlote sharply cornered ; pinne 2- 4; leaflets ix in 48 pairs .- angulatum. Flowers sessile, in sm = shrub, rast single pair . . : om glomeriflorum. 1. Pithecolobium ‘ieee Bth ae -pen.—An evergreen tree (40—50 + 15—25 + 3—4), all parts glabrous; bark 2-3 lin. long, a little rough, minutely fissured, grey ; ; cut dryish, red-brown ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, with a single pair of pinne on an in. long petiole, gues leaflets in 2-3 pairs, ovate to broad-lanceo- late, on a 1-2 lin. long petiolule, long and biantih acuminate, 2-5 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous and glossy; flowers small, white. scien or nearly so, forming little heads on ‘short but slender 430 LEGUMINOSE. [ Pithecolobium. long, glabrous, coriaceous, the seed-bearing lobes almost orbicular, about an inch long and broad. Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical forests and along choungs in the moister upper mixed forests from the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim. Also frequently cultivated by the Burmese.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. March-Apr.—s.— SS.—=Metam. Sz ReMARKS.—Wood coarsely fibrous, but close-grained, rather heavy, the sap- wood small, white, soon attacked by xylophages ; heart-wood brown, exudes a blackish resin. 2. Pithecolobium angulatum, Bth.—An evergreen tree (25— 30+8—15+14-2), the branchlets sharply 4-5-cornered, the young shoots tawny pubescent; leaves abruptly bipinnate, 1-13 ft. long, with usually 4-3 rarely 2 pinne, the rachises 4-3-angled, while young tawny pubescent ; leaflets of the lower pmne in 2-3, those of the upper ones in 4-8, pairs, on very short, thick, pubescent petiolules, more or less rhomboid-oblong to rhomboid-ovate, acu- 14 lin. long, pubescent outside ; pods screw-lke, circinnate-twisted, inear-oblong, sinuate-contracted between the seeds, coriaceous, while young velvety, soon glabrescent. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill and pine forests of the Martaban hills down to Upper Tenasserim, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. Apr.-May—1l.—SS. = Metam. 8. P. glomerifiorum, Kz.—A shrub, 2-5 ft. high, the young shoots shortly puberulous, the branchlets slightly angular or terete; leaves abruptly bipinnate, with a single pair of pinne on a 1-1} - jn. long petiole, the rachises hardly angular, and especially while y terminal panicles; cal: ty emi py Inga.) | ROSACER. 431 Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s —1. x SS. —= Metam INGA, Willd. with abruptly pinnate or bipinnate leaves. Stipules small and caducous, or rarely larger and persistent or spine-like. Flowers in 4. I, dulcis, Willd, (Pithecolobium dulce, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 188; Brand. For. Fl. 173).—Kway-tanyeng.—An evergreen tree (50—60+25—30+4—5), glabrous, or the very young branchlets greyish puberulous, the branchlets armed with short, straight, paired, stipulary spines; leaves abruptly bipinnate with a single pair of pinne only, on a slender }-1 in. long petiole, glabrous ; leaflets in a single pair, sessile, unequal, almost dimidiate-obovate to half-elliptical, blunt, very variable in size (from }-] in. long), chartaceous, glabrous, glaucescent ; flowers small, whitish, sessile, in small globular heads either sessile or on very short greyish puberulous peduncles forming greyish puberulous racemes in the axils of the leaves, the racemes usually collected into a terminal panicle ; calyx a line long, grey-tomentose; pods 4-5 in. long, linear- oblong, fleshy coriaceous, reddish and white, turgid, much twisted; seeds glossy black, covered with a thick, firmly spongy, rather dry but edible arillus. s a ee only in the larger stations, as Rangoon.—Fl. ©.S.; Fr. ROSACEA. with the petals at the base of the calyx-lobes. Ovary of 1, 2 or F ce Ae * m sometimes enclosed in the persistent calyx-tube, fleshy or dry, indehiscent or capsular, or the carpels collected on a fleshy or dry 432 ROSACER. 3 [ Parinarium. torus. Albumen none, rarely present.—Trees, shrubs, or under- shrubs, with simple or compound leaves. Stipules usually present. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or solitary, rarely in simple racemes. An order of about 24 Burmese species, several of them trees. Apple, pear, sorb, medlar, quince, peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, almonds, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and many other fruits reckon amongst this order. Astringent properties prevail. Some of them excel for the beauty of their flowers, like the roses, ete. * Ovary and frui x Calyx or its oe ually ae oe greannied = el solitary ; fruit ovules crcl. with en imple le lea O Flowers i rrogula sists teal: ovules ascending ; inferi . Parinarium. OO Flowers pot ; style nearly terminal ; ovules : suspended Calyx 5-lobed ; petals 5; drupe straight, ‘with abony putamen . Prunus. Calyx 5-15-toothed often ; petals | 510 te or none; drupe transversely oblong, coriace . Pygeum. pe 4 ne are ‘aaaiie Sailnick with or without bract- Ca usually many. Fruit v: arpe oO caries without bractlets ; ovules 2; geen undershrubs . Rubus. sedge = Oo oO per eet "with p brace Ovule solitary. Receptacle in fruit ed ; herbs with 's "Pliolate leaves . Fragaria. Receptacle in fruit dry ; herbs or undershrubs with compound leaves . . Potentilla. *x* O enclosed i in the calya-tube or inferior. Ripe car- vary enc derete omg in the roe calyx-tube. © Achens many, 1-seeded, dry, enclosed in the fleshy ~ calyx-tbe 3 anibe with unpaired-pinnate leaves . Rosa. OO Ovary-cells or carpels 1-5, 2-ovuled. sigee ir gis tutta nt a 2-5-celled putamen, or a 1-5 pyr us drupe Apple 2-5-celled, “he cathe. ‘separate, the — — cartila- ginous ; — trees or shrubs . Pirn Berry 1-5-celled, the endocarp and septa thin; evergreen trees ag ete PARINARIUM, Juss. Flowers often polygamous or hermaphrodite, the females with long filiform staminodes, the males with a small abortive ei aval or none. Stamens 10 or ‘more, all fertile or some of them without anthers, perce, the filaments short and persistent. Ovary of a single carpel sessile on the bottom of the calyx, 1-celled rect. ovules; style lateral from the base ; stigma large pelt succulent, rarely almost dry, surrounded. at the ase ys “gt “eye calyx, the gene bony, usually 2-s w —Trees or + shrubs, wit h alternate simple leaves. Prunus. | ROSACER. 433 Stipules minute or none. Flowers often polygamous, sohtary or more usually in axillary or terminal bracted racemes or panicles. 1. P.Sumatranum, Bth.—A middling-sized tree, the younger shoots all tawny pilose ; leaves of the shoots longer acuminate, more membranous, beneath densely and shortly white or gilvous tomen- tose, the older ones oblong or broadly eblong, on a short thick tomentose petiole, blunt or apiculate, entire or nearly so, firmly coriaceous, glabrous above, minutely greyish tomentose and strongly nerved and net-veined, very variable in size, but usually 4-6 in. long; flowers shortly pedicelled, villous, forming tomentose or pubescent racemes or thyrsoid racemes in the axils of the leaves - and sometimes at the end of the shoots; the lower bracts oblong- lanceolate and puberulous, those further up gradually smaller and shorter ; stamens about 15, forming a half-cirele, the lower fertile (7-8) ones short, the upper sterile ones without anthers and united into a minutel thed crown; ovary scaly and minutely hairy ; drupes oblong, the size of a plum, rough from lenticels and scales, yellow, the mesocarp sappy and edible. Has.—Burma, without locality (probably Tenasserim), PRUNUS, L. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube from tubular to urceolate, filled up with the glandular disk. Sepals 5 (rarely 4 or 6), inserted at the throat of the tube, deciduous, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, or none, deciduous, imbricate. Stamens 10-20, or some- times more. Carpel solitary (rarely 2 or more), free, inserted on the bottom of the calyx-tube, with 2 descending ovules; style ter- minal. Fruit a drupe, more or less sappy, the putamen hard, per- forated, usually l-rarely 2-seeded. Albumen thin or none.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules present. Flowers solitary or more usually corymbose or racemose. * Fruits large, tomentose; leaves deciduous, serrulate . P. Persica. * *& Fruits smooth. iduous, serrate; flowers in poor corymbs; ecalyx-tube about 4 lin. long . ‘ «ae ee Cc - _ + PB. Puddum. As preceding ; flowers small, by threes ; calyx-tube only 1-1} lin, PB wife. . . . ° . . . . * FY, = Leaves persistent, entire; flowers racemose . - . . « P. Martabanica. 1. P. Persica, Bth.; H.f. Brand. For. Fl. 191.—A leaf-shedding small tree, the leaf-buds sparingly pilose; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, rounded and 2-glandular at the base, crenate-toothed, _ on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, more or less acuminate, 2-34 in. long, _ chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers showy, white. or pale-rose-coloured, _ shortly pedicelled, singly arising from imbricate-scaled buds ; : 2D = SS 434 ROSACER. [ Prunus. calyx-tube shears the lobes elliptical, blunt, nearly 3 lin. long, woolly villous along the borders and inside ; petals obovate, 4 in. long; drupes the size of a large when ovoid, pointed, gilvous tomentose, fleshy and edible. Has.—Cultivated in Ava about Bhamo and inthe Kakhyen hills, up to 3,500 ft. elevation.—Fl. Febr.-March; Fr. June-July. 2. P. triflora, Roxb.—A small bushy tree, shedding leaves in C.S., all parts Bball ; bark smooth, blackish ; leaves obyersely lanceolate, 2-elandular at the acuminate ‘base, on a slender petiole about 4 in. long, shortly acuminate, minutely erenulate, 2-3 in. long, membranous, glabrous ; stipules lanceolate, glandular-fringed ; flowers rather small, white, on slender glabrous pedicels }$ in. long, usually arising by threes from every leaf-bud ; calyx glabrous, the tube turbinate, the lobes longer than the tube, more than a line net kt ovate, acute, age tong on the Bod gina ; petals 3 in. long, large ; dite” éordate- ovoid, the ie of a plum, avi paeplie pruinose, grooved on one side, the pulp pale-reddish yellow. Has.—Ava hills. 3. P. Puddum, Ldl.; Brand. For. Fl. 194.—A — tree, all parts glabrous; leaves lanceolate, Pape g at glandular base and somewhat narrowed in a 4-5 lin. ng pote _long-acuminate, 2-3 in. long, sharply and sally duplicately serrate, glabrous, chartaceous ; flowers middling-sized, rose-coloured, Bek co above the axils of the fallen leaves; calyx glabrous, the tube bell-shaped-tubular, about 4 lin. long, the lobes bie acute ; drupes globular, the size of a small poo on a long pendulous peduncle, smooth, yellow, dark-red on the sun-side. ae —Ava, arses hills, east of Bhamo. 3. Pr. Martabanica, Kz.—An evergreen tree (50—60 +20—30 + 6—1), all parts quite glabrous; bark ve ry thin, fibrous, brown ; leaves from —— oblong and oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded or acuminate at the base, on a terete sulcate petiole } or more usually 4 in. long, see 5-7 in. long, entire, firmly membranous or almost coriaceous, quite glabrous and glossy above, beneath prinkled with pellucid, in a dried state black, dots ; flowers small, oo. on 2 to 3 lin. long pedicels, forming axillary, glabrous, or : os destained of about 1} to 2 in. oe ie about a line xe ak athe pea in are de and moister upper mixed forests’ of enasserim.—Fr. May.—s.—SS.—SiS ood uniformly dark. Wiskoyeliei; ratlier omavs; fibrous, very heavy. — Pygeum. | ROSACER, 435 PYGEUM, Gaertn. trees or shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules small, de- ciduous. Flowers in axillary and lateral racemes. X Ovary and leaves beneath more or less tawny villous . P. arboreum, ary glabrous or sparingly hirsute. Quite glabrous ; nerves and veins conspicuous, all deeply im- mersed, and the surface of the leaves appearing ost inkle . : Pere . : 2 ° ° - BP. acuminatum, Younger branchlets, petioles, and nerves beneath pubescent ; nerves and veins thin, little visible A : ‘ ; - P. persimile. 1. P. arboreum, Endl—A tree, the younger branches and buds rusty tomentose, the older ones glabrous and lenticellate ; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly oblong, shortly cuspidate, on a lin. long brown tomentose petiole, entire or nearly so, 4-6 in. long, rigidly chartaceous or almost coriaceous, above glabrous or rusty fallen leaves ; calyx-teeth minute; petals hardly longer, villous; ovary densely rusty villous ; drupes transversely oblong and almost didymous, nearly 4 an in. across, covered with fugaceous rusty- singly from glabrous or nearly so; drupes transversely ublong, glabrous, nearly 3 in. broad. Has.—Chittagong. Remanxs.~Wood red, adapted for cabinet-work. 436 ROSACER. [ Rubus, we ——— Kz.—An evergreen tree, the younger branch- lets slightly appressed pubescent or puberulous ; leaves elliptical to ellip tioalts la anceolate, on slender rusty-pubescent petioles about 3 lin. long, obtuse at the base, bluntish and often very long acuminate, entire, 2-3} in. long, almost membranaceous, above glabrous or minutely pubescent on the impressed thin nerves, beneath appressed pubescent along the midrib; racemes densely tawny tomentose Py e ie erica RUBUS, L. Calyx open, 5 5 lobed, the lobes without external accessory bracts, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens usually indefinite, inserted on the mouth of the ae ; filaments filiform ; anthers didymous. Carpels indefinite, each with 2 suspended ovules, of which one abortive ; style terminal. Fruita head of succulent rarely dry carpels forming - usually a spurious granulated berry round the dry or spongy recep~ tacle-—Shrubs, usually scrambling and prickly, rarely erect, with aT lobed, or compound leaves. Flowers axillary or in terminal anicles. * ip at Seed (only 3-6), dry ; leaves simple . . R. pyrifolius. *x* C $s numerous, — @ sappy spurious berry. oO oh simple or lobed, a leaves beneath covered with a tomen- tum more or less mi with longer hairs. Calyx-lobes entire Bracts and stipules entire or subulate- toothed, sometimes very at Oh so, and then the lobes very short ; . R,rugosus. Bracts stipules pinnatel: the segnenias lo “thin, an often filiform ‘ = ~~ re RB Moluccanus. a - All parts, t+ rath er rt th or pa ely ob B pec- toothed . BR. feror. O O Leaves digitately or pinnately compoun Leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate ; a ee — pubescent or er: = . . R, pentagonus. es pinnately 3-foliolate Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets beneath salutes or a taeiek tomentose; flowers white ; fruits glabrous . B. flavus. “Leaves unpaired-pinnate ; leaflets beneath white or yellowish tomentose ; flowers red or rose-coloured ; fruits tomentose . R. /asiocarpus. ae - Leaves unpaired-pinnate a eat ionioreely “aes flowers white; fruits — . BR. rosafolius. Ae A nes rambling shrub, gore. 4, 108 in od with: mie queen prickles, the branchlets terete, Rubus. ] ROSACER, 437 tomentose or pubescent ; leaves oblong to elliptically rarely ovate- oblong, acuminate or acute, on a short recurved-prickly villous petiole 2-4 lin. long, obtuse or rounded at the base, not, or rarely coarsely serrate-lobed, toothed, 3-5 in. long, rather coriaceous, the pubescent nerves excepted glabrous, or the veins beneath sprinkled with hairs and the midrib armed with a few recurved prickles ; flowers white, on slender 2-3 lin. long pubescent pedicels, forming pubescent tomentose panicles in the axils of the upper leaves and more ample ones at the end of the branches; bracts and stipules pinnatifid, the segments linear-subulate, slightly pubescent ; calyx velvety-tomentose or pubescent, the lobes entire, subulate-acumi- nate ; petals nearly half as long as the calyx-lobes ; carpels as large as a pepper-kernel, by 3-6 on the short villous torus, ovate, acumi- nate, glabrous, succulent, ; Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. Fr. March. 2. R. Moluccanus, L.—A large scrambling shrub, armed with numerous small recurved prickles, the branches and petioles terete and clothed with a short rusty or whitish woolly down often mixed with longer hairs, or softly pubescent ; leaves from broadly cordate- lobes blunt or acute (the basal ones diverging or converging), toothed or serrate-toothed, 3-4 in. long, acute or sometimes long- e lobes acuminate or acute, 3-4 lin. long, fruit almost globular, bright-red, glabrous, slightly acid. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests and hill toungyas of Martaban ; also Ava hills.—Fl. Feb.-March.—l.—SS.—Metam. bescen and blunt (or in luxuriant forms acute), flat, unequally and sharply serrate-toothed, membranous, 4-6 in. long, sprinkled with a few hairs or almost glabrous, the principal nerves often pubescent and beneath sparingly prickly ; flowers white, on 4-5 lin. long pubescent 438 ROSACER. [ Rubus. pedicels, forming irregular tawny pubescent racemes or short pani- cles in the axils of the leaves or loose elongate panicles at the end of the branches ; calyx canescent or velvety and sparingly appressed hirsute, the lobes acuminate, either all or the 3 larger ones pectinate- toothed, the teeth more or less linear or subulate; fruits globular, glabrous, of the length of the sepals. Has.—Burma, probably Ava. 4. R. pentagonus, Wall.—A large scrambling shrub, armed with _eompressed, strong, recurved prickles, the branchlets glabrous and terete; leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate, on a 14-2 in. long sul- eate more or less pilose petiole; leaflets lanceolate to broadly lanceo- late (especially the median one), cuneate at the base, sessile, Has.—Not uncommon along hill streams in the damp hill forests of the eens hills, Martaban, at 6,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation.—F 1. March-Apr. =Metam. rtaban and Ava hills. —Fl. Febr.March. Rosa. | ROSACER. 439 6. R. lasiocarpus, Sm.; Brand. For. Fl. 198.—A large scram- bling or decumbent shrub, armed with straight sharp prickles, the younger branchlets puberulous or pubescent; leaves unpaired-pin- nate, the rather short petiole and rachis terete, pubescent and armed with recurved prickles; leaflets in 4-3 (the upper ones in fewer) pairs with an odd one, almost sessile, oblong to oblong- lanceolate and ovate, acuminate or acute, rarely blunt, irregularly and rather coarsely serrate, above green and glabrous or appr pubescent, beneath covered with a white or yellowish, short, woolly tomentum, and strongly parallel-nerved ; flowers red or rose-coloured, on rather long or short densely pubescent pedicels, forming rather dense, pubescent, short, corymbose panicles at the end of the branches, or long-peduncled poor corymbs in the axils of the leaves ; bracts and stipules linear, entire; calyx pubescent-tomentose, the lobes acuminate or subulate-acuminate; petals shorter than the calyx, rotundate; fruits hemispherical, longer than the calyx, reddish, densely often greyish puberulous. Has.—Martaban, Karen hills. R. rosefolius, Sm.; Brand. For. Fl. 198.—A prostrate or ascending shrub, armed with numerous sharp straight prickles, the branches terete, sometimes somewhat pruinous and more or less covered with very long dark-coloured stiff hairs bearing on their curved apex a conspicuous gland, rarely the branches all glabrous or shortly glandular-pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the petiole and rachis similarly clothed like the branches, but the prickles hooked-recurved ; leaflets usually in 8 (rarely in 4-2) pairs with an odd one, very shortly petioluled, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, coarsely and usually irregularly serrate-toothed, usually 1-2 in. long, firmly membranous, sparingly pubescent or almost glab- rous, or glandular-pubescent, uniformily green, the strong nerves parallel, the midrib prickly beneath ; flowers white, long-pedicelled, forming very poor terminal or axillary corymbs, or often solitary and leaf-opposed; bracts and stipules linear-subulate; calyx from ost glabrous to hirsute-tomentose, the lobes subulate-acuminate ; petals spreading; fruit elongate-ovoid, yellow, glabrous, much longer than the calyx. Has.—Not uncommon in the drier hill forests and hill toungyas of Marta- _ban, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation; also Ava hills—Fl. April.—l. ROSA, L. Calyx-tube globose or ovoid, contracted in a longer or shorter — neck, the limb 5-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Ovary of several or many distinct carpels enclosed in the calyx-tube, with a solitary suspended ovule in each, the styles protruding from the 440 ROSACER. [ Rosa. tube and sometimes united. Ripe carpels dry and hairy, sometimes surrounded with pulp and enclosed in the more or less succulent calyx-tube, forming a spurious berry.—Erect or climbing shrubs, rarely small trees, usually prickly armed, with unpaired-pinnate leaves. Stipules leafy, adherent to the petiole. Flowers showy, solitary or in small terminal corymbs or panicles. * Styles united in a column. Flowers corymbose. Flowers small, pink; calyx glabrous or pubescent, the lobes short and entire; leaflets small, pubescent beneath ; stipules pin- natifid . 5 . : : = . : = : Flowers large, white; calyx glandular-tomentose, of the lobes usually one or more lobed ; leaflets glabrous ; stipules entire. R. moschata. * * Styles free. © Calyx-throat not closed by the disk. Flowers large, usually corymbose ; calyx glabrous or sparingly glandular ; leaflets glabrous, glaucous beneath ; ovaries about 50 ‘ . R. multiflora. 40- . . . . ° . °. . . . As former, but flowers. solitary; ovaries only about 15 ‘ . Flowers solitary ; calyx-tube and the globose fruit densely echi- nate; leaflets small . R. microphylla. e . . . * ° > . © Calyx-throat completely closed by the disk. Calyx and branchlets, and also the globose fruits, densely to- men . : : rae recy ee. - R. involuerata. Calyx and peduneles hispid ; leaflets wrinkled, opaque. . + R. rubiginosa. 1. BR. involucrata, Roxb.—A meagre straggling shrub, the branches more or less tomentose and armed with compressed, strong, flowers large, whit gether, on short densely tomentose pubescent pedicels and usually , led 3 age large and thickened, long; styles villous, a little exserted; fruits ‘globular, thick, tomentose. Has.—Ava, in the savannahs of the Irrawaddi valley from Mandalay north- wards.—Fl. Febr.-March.—1—SS.—=AlL. ___ Many other species of roses are found cultivated around khyouks of Burma, amongst which Rosa damascena and &. Indica really distinct from one another) are the more common. - I have above a conspectus of the species found cultivated, but it is . EE: a ge a 2 ee ER rst Pe 2 " | Pirus. J ROSACEZ, => 441 PIRUS, L. Calyx-tube urceolate or rarely turbinate, adnate to the carpels and produced beyond them, the lobes reflexed, persistent or decidu- ous. Petals 5, pa: clawed. Stamens numerous, the filaments free or united at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-5-celled, with 2 or rarely more Dye ovules in each cell, the styles distinct or united at the base. Fruit fleshy, ¢ crowned with the persistent calyx or the scar of the fallen limb, 2-5-celled, the cells usually distinct, with 1 or 2 or rarely more erect seeds in each, the endo- carp cartilaginous or rarely crustaceous or bony and firmly adhering to the sarcocarp.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, or pinnate eos leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers usually in terminal cymes or Fie ore: rarely solitary or clustered. Bracts subulate, deciduou x Gril more than 2 in _— cell ; = solitary or by . P. Indica, vules each cell. Flowers in corymbs or cymes, sb am pacriete on slender 1-2 in. long pedicels . P, Pashia, ea and) fruits on very short thick peduncles ° . BP. granulosa. aS Indica, Coleb.—A small loatohieddine: tree, the young — white-woolly ; leaves from oblong-lanceolate to oval-oblong ae elliptical, on a slender $-3 in. long petiole, mavegs normale letely and minutely crenate-toothed, 13-24 in. long, co ——e while young white-woolly beneath, more or tose : flowers white, middling-sized, on 2-4 lin. long white-woolly pedi-. cels, usually by 2-3 or ‘solitary in the axils of the young leaves; calyx densely white-woolly, the tube about 3 lin. long, the lobes somewhat longer, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; about 4.in. long; apples more or less ovoid or rarely somewhat pear-shaped or globose, yellow, smooth, 13-2 in. long, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb. ae Kakhyen hills, east of Bhamo.—Fl. March-April; Fr. Sept.- 2. P. Pashia, Don. (P. wegen Wall.; Brand. For. Fi. 204) —A tree about 25 ft. high, shedding leaves in C.S., the young shoots covered with a loose fupaosoni white-woolly tomentum ; leaves oval-oblong and ovate, on a long slender petiole, acute, erenate- membranous, thin chartaceous, 2-3 (sometimes 4-5) in. long, selabeons; turning black in drying; flowers white, on 1-14 in straight, slender, whitish woolly, glabrescent pedicels, forming a short peduncled or almost sessile corymb in the axils of the young leaves ; apples as large as a bullet, pte yellow, sprinkled with whitish les, on a 14-2 in. long straight peduncle, very acerb, when over-ripe turning sweet and ae 442 ROSACER. [ Eriobotrya. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. March; Fr. Aug. 3. P. granulosa, Bert.— A tree (24—30 + 6—124+2—3) , shed- ding leaves in C. S., all parts glabrous; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, unequal at the acute base, on a glabrous petiole about an inch long, acuminate, 4-5 in. long, almost coriaceous, especially towards the apex serrate-toothed, entire or nearly so towards the base, glabrous, not blackening in drying ; apples as large as a small bullet, globular, sprinkled with white pustules, turning purplish black in ripening, very shortly and strongly peduncled, in asmall, poor, robust cyme at the ae - the branchlets and in the axils of the upper leaves. Has.— unfrequent in the gee a hill forests of —_ Nattoung, Martaban, 4 000 ft. elevation.—Fr. March.—l.—SS.—=Metam ERIOBOTRYA, Ldl. Calyx-tube bell-shaped or tphinate, adnate to the ovary or free towards the 5-lobed limb. Petals 5. Stamens up to 20, inserted in the throat of the calyx-tube ; Aceon subulate. Ovary inferior or free at the apex, 2-5- or TT l-celled, with 2 erect ovules in ; styles as many as ce or more or less united at the dei: Drupe or berry ovoid, 1- 5-celled, the septa membranous or chartaceous, sometimes obliterated, the cells 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds erect.—Evergreen trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, coriaceous leaves. Stipules sometimes almost leafy. Flowers small or mid- dling-sized, in terminal gathos or panicles. Leaves entire. Flowers bs. Calyx and cemnihy eiahs pebercieed ; berries the non of a pea . z. yeni aces Inflorescence glabrous ; apple of the size of a bul _E xx Leaves s coursely crenate-serrate. Panicles rusty woolly- Leaves diveoks | calyx about a line long; berries not edible . EB. dubia. Leaves woolly tomentose Sener —_— 3-4 lin. Tong 3 ; berries the . B. Japonica. =o ie integrifolia, vee (Photinia Katine, all.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 192).—An evergreen tree 30-40 ft. ‘high, remaining stunted in higher regions, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to cuneate-oblong, acute at the base, on an 1-14 in. long thick petiole, acuminate to acute, entire or with a few inconspicuous teeth, very coriaceous, 4-5 in. long, glossy above, the nerves and veins impresse _ above and prominent and strong beneath; flowers small, white, on ee short thick geleary: pedicels, forming a ‘large terminal “puberulous . @ory. mt lin. long, glabrous or slightly puberulous, the - teeth minute ; och ; berries nearly globular, the size of a pea, - glabrous, 2-celled and 2-seeded. —Frequent in the stunted drier balitiosits of the Natintane lad ive auicnion elevation.—Fr, March.—l.—$S.—Metam. ie hee SAXIFRAGE A. 443 rocarpa, Kz.—An evergreen tree (830—40 4+ 10—15+ 2%), age parts glabrous ; bark blackish, rough; leaves from obo- vate to oblong-lanceolate, tapering in a ‘short 3-3 in. long strong petiole, shortly and bluntish acuminate, quite entire, 5-6 in. long, coriaceous, smooth and glossy ; flowers unknown ; fruiting peduncles very thick and simple, only 1-3 in. long, glabrous, i in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the thick branchlets; fruit a more or less globose apple of the size of a bullet, glabrous, crowned with the ae limb. Has e in the tropical forests ot the north-eastern slopes of the Kambala toung, Pegu Yonah, at about 2,000 to 3,000 ft. elevation —Fr. March-Apr.— s.—SS.=NhiS. (?) 3. BE. a uh Kz.—An evergreen tree (60—7(0 4 (?) Ir the young shoots rusty woolly-tomentose; leaves oblong a: Weide sagt! ip lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the» rather long (those of the uppermost leaves short and thickened) petioles, acuminate or acute, coarsely crenate-serrate, coriaceous, 7-9 in. long, glabrous, the nerves sharply prominent beneath ; flowers rather small, on short thick pedieals supported by short very deciduous bracts and bractlets, disposed in a rusty-woolly-tomentose terminal panicle ; calyx about a line long, rusty tomentose, the lobes nearly as long as the tube, acute ; berries obovoid, 1-2-seeded, not ee aB.—Frequent in the hill forests, especially the moister ones, of the Nat- Gane ili Martaban, at 6,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation; Chittagong; Ava, Ka- khyen hills —Fl. March.—s.—SS.—=Metam. Bacisive: sogiaee light-brown. N. B.— pees rue Ldl.,—the loquat—is found occasionally cultivated in gardens SAXI FRAG EL. Flowers usually hermaphrodite and regular. Calyx 5-rarely 4-12-merous, free or adnate to the calyx, the lobes valvate or im- bricate. Petals usually 4 or 5, rarely none, perigynous rarely epi- or hypo-gynous, imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many or twice Sccde ceeaiies small, with or ay cuidied albumen. Embryo straight, small or rarely rather large.—Herbs, rarely chine or x 444 HAMAMELIDER. [ Polyosma. trees, with alternate or opposite, simple or compound leaves. Stipules present or not. POLYOSMA, Bl. x-tube ovoid, adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, valvate, strap-shaped, often cohering in a tube, deciduous. Stamens 4; anthers linear, erect. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, the numerous ovules attached to the 2 parietal placentas which protrude far ae the cell and almost divide it into eee style filif stigma terminal, entire. Berry inferior, 1-seeded. Seed erect, bps, the testa rather thick. Embryo small, at the apex of a fleshy albumen.—Trees, with simple leaves opposite or nearly so. Flowers in simple terminal racemes or spikes 1. P. Wallichii, Benn.—An evergreen small tree, about 25-30 ft. high, the young ‘shoots tawny pubescent ; leaves obovate-lanceo- late to oblanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, on a slender petiole 4-1 in. long, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, remote tely and slightly a while young, afterwards thickened-toothed 4 the excurrent nerves, 3-5 in long, chartaceous, slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers 4 in. long, on Sash sini 1- bracted peduncles not above aline long, forming slender pubescent terminal racemes; calyx-teeth ovate, acute ; corolla puberulous. Has.—Tropical forests of the Andamans.—F1. R.S. REMARKS. x rather light, pale-brown, pretty straight-fibrose, rather close-grained, so HAMAMELIDEZ. Flowers regular or irregular, hermaphrodite or unisexual, Peri- anth in male flowers sometimes wanting. Calyx-tube more or less adnate to the ovary, the limb truncate or 4-5 slobed; valvate or im- bri wine Petals as many, more or fewer than calyx-lobes, or none. Stamens sey or more, definite or indefinite, perigynous, 1-seriate ; Siamonts ts free ; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening laterally in various ways. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, rarely superior, con- y of 2 or rarely more carpels, usually free at the apex and beaked, with 2 suspended ovules in each carpel or rarely more on axile placentas ; ; style usually persistent. Fruit a mage the diverging at the mes and each one opening in y 2 short valves. Albumen thin, fleshy—Trees or shrubs, with selly peeeneies: eos or 3-lobed leaves. Stipules deciduous yield of several —_ of Liquidambar and ee The of some is astringent. etals in hermap mack owers linear ; leaves a - » Bucklandia. Petals none; leaves deciduous, glandular- -serrate ‘ - Altingia. BUCKLANDIA, R. Br. Flowers polygamous, in heads, the calyces confluent. Calyx- tube abit bell-shaped, adhering to the ovary, t the limb repand- 5-lobed. Petals in hermaphrodite flowers linear-spatulate, often transformed into stamens, in females reduced to 4 in number an rudimentary. Stamens 10 to 14 (in females none), the filaments unequal, subulate; anthers unequally 2-valved, the connective api- culate. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-cleft at the summit, 2-celled, with 6 ovules in each cell arranged in 2 rows; styles 2, recurved, “thick. Capsule nearly oie pain 2-valved and 2-celled, the valves 2- cleft, the cells up to 6-seeded. Seeds Lsinagr ( without embryo, the fertile ones aed upwards. Albumen thin, fleshy.—Trees, with alternate, simple or 3-lobed leaves. Stipules large, coriaceous, a Flower-heads in peduncled corymbs, 10-20-flowered. 1. B. populnea, R. Br.—An evergreen tree (60—80+ 18—40 +5—6), remaining stunted in higher regions, the very young shoots fugaceously raaty 2 are leaves broadly ovate to nearly cordate, truncate a e base, o on a 1-2 in. cae thick petiole, 3-lobed, iaceous, glossy above, glabrous; stipules large, obleney me somewhat pruinous; flower- small, greenish, cealp sre in the hill worn: especially the felis ones, of the Mister ban hil hills, at 4,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation. —Fl. March.—s.—SS.—Metam. RemarKs.— Wood red-brown, ore Many; fibrous, but close-grained, rather hard, iocaneie soon attacked by ALTINGIA, Norouh. Males: calyx and corolla nine: Stamens ae imto a ee head, the filaments abet 5 anthers —— Females : Pee confluent, cad styles. aren opening at the summit in 2 valves, firmly ealuies ing a s an indurated globular many-capsuled head, Seeds — 446 RHIZOPHOREX. [ Altingia. all but one sterile, the fertile lowermost one winged-angular. Albumen scanty.—Large trees, with alternate simple glandular- serrate deciduous leaves. Stipules very deciduous or persistent. Flower-heads small, the male ones racemose, the female ones solitary. 1. A. excelsa, Noronh.—Nan-ta-yop.—A leaf-shedding tree (150 —180 + 80—100+ 15—20), all parts quite glabrous ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, on a slender glabrous petiole, rounded at the base, acuminate, glandular-serrate, chartaceous, glabrous, conspicuously nerved, 4-5 in. long; male flower-heads almost sessile, each sup- ported by a rather large, solitary, broad, silky-pubescent bract, form- ing a sort of catkin ; female flower-heads long-peduneled, solitary, axillary ; capsule almost immersed in the confluent calyces and form- ing a globular velvety-tomentose areolate rather woody fruit. Has.—Tenasserim, locally quite abundant; Ava, Khakyen hills.— Fr, March.—s : 1.—SS.—Metam. Remanrxs.—Wood brown, very hard, close-grained, oily, of a somewhat bal- samic odour. Yields a kind of storax (Kandei Sund). Dr. Mason states that a considerable stream in the province of Mergui derives its name from this tree, in consequence of its growing so thickly on its banks. RHIZOPHORE. Calyx-tube usually adnate to the ovary, sometimes produced beyond it, rarely quite free, the limb 4-14-lobed, valvate. Petals as many as calyx-lobes and alternating with them, the margins usually induplicate and embracing the stamens. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals or more, inserted with them at the base of the free part or lobes of calyx; anthers erect or versatile, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Ovary more or less inferior or rarely quite superior, 2- or more-celled, with 2 or few pendulous ovules in each cell, or rarely 1-celled by obliteration of the partition ; style simple, with an entire or lobed stigma. Fruit inferior or encl in the calyx. Seeds soli or few, with or without albumen.—Trees or + shrubs, with opposite, simple, usually glossy leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, clustered or in cymes. The rhizophors form an important agency in binding the muddy shores of tropical countries, especially along estuaries. The bark, ete., of many is astringent and good for tanning purposes ; itis a often used for dyeing black. The timber of Bruguiera and others _ is hard and durable. Ovary inferior. ..%, Seeds without albumen, germinating while still on the tree, the radicle enlarging rapidly and protruding to a great length from the summit of the capsule. Rhizophora. | RHIZOPHORER. 447 Calyx 4-cleft; petals entire; ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in heel . é ‘ . > . i ; . Rhizophora. Calyx 5-6-cleft ; petals notched and appendaged ; ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules ineach cell .« . : . : é é Calyx 5-6-cleft; petals shagged; filaments capillary ; ovary 1- ed with 6 ovules. . * ° s . . Kandelia, Calyx 8-14-cleft; petals 2-cleft, appendaged; filaments filiform ; ovary 2-4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell F . Bruguiera. x ryo immersed in a fleshy albumen, Seeds not Ceriops. germinating before their fall. Calyx bell-shaped beyond the ovary; ovary-cells 2-ovuled ; fl i A: « . . ‘ ‘ : “ ‘ . Carallia. * %*& Ovary superior or nearly so, with a broad base adnate to the calyx. Calyx without bractlets; ovary-cells 4-ovuled ~ + + + Gynotroches, RHIZOPHORA, L. Calyx subtended by bractlets united in a cup, 4-parted, valvate. Petals 4, inserted to the base of the fleshy disk, entire. Stamens 8-12 ; filaments short. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled, produced in a fleshy cone; style subulate with a 2-toothed stigma ; cells with 2 suspended ovules. Fruit coriaceous, surrounded with the calyx- lobes, l-celled and l-seeded. Seed pendulous with an elongate radicle protruding from the apex of the capsule while still on the tree. Cotyledons conferruminate. Albumen none.—Saline trees, with very glossy leathery leaves. 14), all parts glabrous ; leaves oval to elliptically oblong, mucronate by the excurrent midrib, 3-7 in. long, narrowed at the base, rather long-petioled, blunt, coriaceous, very glossy, glabrous ; flowers rather large, yellowish, pedicelled, in 2-3-cleft axillary pedun cymes ; petals villous along their inflexed margins; stamens 8 ; fruit large, about an inch in diameter. Has.—Frequent in the tidal, especially the mangrove, forests from Arracan and Pegu down to Tenasserim.—l.—SS.—Sal. Remarxs—Wood greyish, close-grained, rather heavy. Bark good for tanning. R. conjugata, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 99.—Pyoo.—An ever- green tree (15 —25+6—10 + 1—1}4), all parts glabrous ; leaves ob- long to oblong and elliptically-lanceolate, narrowed and usually shortly petioled, coriaceous, very glabrous, glossy ; flowers large, by ; 9.3 sessile on a short thick simple axillary peduncle; petals fist. glabrous ; stamens 8-12, usually 11 ; fruit about $an in. thick, 448 RHIZOPHORE. ©. [ Ceriops. Has.—Frequent in the littoral, especially the mangrove, forests from Arra- can and Pegu down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—l.—SS,=Sal. CERIOPS, Arn. Calyx subtended by bract lets united in a ws the tube short and at the base adnate to the ovary, the limb 5-6 parted, valvate. Petals 5-6, inserted to the base of the 10-12-lobed fleshy disk, notched, the lobes clavate-bristly. Stamens 10-12, by pairs opposite the petals, ¢ the filaments ne Ovary half-inferior, 3-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in eac » produced in a fleshy cone ; style short with a simple stigma. “Prait coriaceous, surrounded by the reflexed sly Jotes, l-celled and l-seeded. Seed pendulous, germinating and protruding its elongate-clavate radicle from the top of the fruit while still on the tree ; cotyledons conferruminate.— Little, usually pygmean, trees or rather simple-stemmed sheuba with lucid coriaceous leaves ose. Flowers in Mie man ti Joncila cymes; petals a ciliate to C. Roxburghiana. Flowers in rather loose sepmes petals ‘terminated uf 2 or 3 club- shaped appendages - C. Candolleana. 1. C, Roxburghiana, 5 = ~pyaing. ao evergreen pyg- Seer tree or rather simple-stemmed shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, all uite glabrous ; leaves obovate or oboval, acute at base, rather ar petioled, blunt, coriaceous, glabrous, elossy above ; flowers small, greenish, sessile or nearly so, forming a dense capitate cyme on a very short and thick peduncle ; ‘petals whitish, coneave, setose- ciliate towards the apex ; stamens 10-12 ; fruits small, club-shaped. Has.—Frequent in the littoral forests all along the coast from Chittagong down to Tenasserim.—l.—SS.=Sal. 2. C. Candolleana, Arn. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 18,f. 5; Brand. For. Fl. 218.—An evergreen dwarf tree or simple-stemmed shrub, a ed at the base, blunt or sometimes notched, rather long- petio tioled, glabrous, glossy above; flowers small, very shortly pedicelled in short but loose eymes ; petals obovate with flat m argins, some- what roughish on the outside, terminated by 2 or 3 a clih- shaped appendages ; stamens nearly as long as the petals, glabrous; fruits small, club-sh aped. Has.—tin the mangrove swamps along the shores of the Andamans.—l.— K IA, WA. Calyx subtended by bractlets aielcke oops the tee ee m ee ie Petals 5-6, inserted to the base of Meee. Calystabe obtuse at the base, not ribbed, the lobes nearly as long Bruguiera. | RHIZOPHORES. 449 the fleshy disk, 2-cleft, the lobes capillary multifid. Stamens numer- ous, the filaments capillary. Ovary half-inferior, produced in a h : middle of the axis; style filiform, with a S-cleft stigma. Fruit coriaceous, surrounded by the reflexed calyx-lobes, 1-celled and l-seeded. Seed pendulous, germinating and protruding its elon- gate-clavate radicle from the apex of the fruit while still on the tree ; cotyledons conferruminate.—Little trees or rather shrubs, with coriaceous lucid leaves. Flowers rather large, white. 1. K. Rheedei, WA. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 100, t. 13, £.6.—An evergreen little tree or rather simple-stemmed shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to elliptically oblong, nar- rowed at the base, blunt, rather shortly petioled, coriaceous, glossy above ; flowers rather large, whitish, in poor long-peduncled axillary ong. Has.—F; i the tidal forests all ab the coasts from Chittago: to Pega 13. Fregent goes Sa ee era i = BRUGUIERA, Lamk. Calyx without bractlets, the tube obversely conical or bell-shaped, the limb 8-14-parted, valvate. Petals 8-14, inserted on the margin of base convolute and embracing the stamens. Stamens 16-28, by pairs opposite the petals ; — filiform. Ovary inferior, 2.4. celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style filiform with a 2-4-cleft on ag * Flowers small; calyx-tube almost club-shaped ; the limb als 8. S-cleft; peta — tapering at the base, ribbed, the lobes very short and * “ Flowers rather large ; calyz- tube almost belt shaped the limb 8-14-parted ; petals 8-14 . B. gymnorhiza. 1. B. parviflora, WA.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 101.—An ever- eer at tree or shrub, all parts quite moar leaves oblong the length of, or r longer than, the able: calystao 450 RHIZOPHORER. [ Carallia. ribbed, the lobes much shorter, rigid; petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, obovate, cucullate-2-lobed, with a bristle between, and 3 or 4 others at the apex of, the lobes, yellowish, puberulous out- side; stamens alternately shorter; fruits cylindrically club-shaped, ribbed, crowned with the stiff short calyx-lobes. Has.—In the littoral, especially the mangrove, forests of Tenasserim and the Andamans.—l.—_SS.—Sal. 2. B. caryophylloides, Bl.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 101 .—An ever- green small tree, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves oblong to oblong- lanceolate, narrowed at the base, acute, on a long and slender petiole, coriaceous ; flowers small, more or less nodding, on very ‘short and thick pedicels, solitary or by 2-5, forming a short cyme usually of the length of the petiole or shorter; calyx-tube not ribbed, turbinate-club-shaped, rounded at the base, the lobes some- what shorter than the tube and spreading; petals erect, shorter than the calyx-lobes, oblong, whitish, somewhat puberulous outside, 2-cleft, with a rather long bristle between, and 3 to 5 twisted bristles at the apex of, the lobes; fruits pendulous, somewhat narrowed under the reflexed persistent calyx-lobes, not ribbed. Haz.—In the mangrove swamps of Upper Tenasserim,—Fl. Feb.; Fr. Apr.—l.—SS.=Sal. stiff-linear with 3-angular sharp points, the tube obsoletely 8-14- angular; petals 2-cleft with a bristle between the lobes, either quite glabrous or villous-silky along the margins, the lobes termi- nated by 1-3 bristles or naked; fruits drooping, oblong, crowned Haz.—Common in the littoral, especially the mangrove, forests, especially at estuaries, all along the coasts from Chittagong down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—F1. Jan.-May.—l.—SS.—Sal. Remarxs.—Wood reddish brown, the sap-wood lighter coloured, close- _ grained, coarse-fibrous, very heavy, hard, strong and durable. Bark good for tanning purposes. CARALLIA, Roxb. Calyx minutely bracted at the base, shortly 5-8-lobed, valvate. Petals 5-8, inserted round the thin 10-16-lobed disk. Stamens Gynotroches. | RHIZOPHORES: 451 y twice as many as aged: filaments short. Ovary infe =. 4% or nearly 3-5-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Frui small, coriaceous, usually l-celled and l-seeded, Seeds ne globose. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or oe with glossy, entire, or serrulate seamen: Flowers small, ¢ Leaves usually entire; petals not embracing nese aoa ‘ ° “ lucida. Leaves serrulate ; aaa embracing the filam - +» C, lanceefolia, 1. C. lucida, ie (C. acne DC.; Bedd. ove Madr., t. 193; Brand. For. Fl. 219).—Manee-aw-ha. —An evergreen tree in loose or compact short-peduncled axillary cym cio shortly not embracing the stamens; stamens alternately ee i= shorter ones opposed to the sepals and bent inwards ; style long ; berries the size of a id tl gr esp ata usually 1l-seeded, crowned by the short Sie sa calyx-te Has.—Frequent in the tropical and ose eae mixed forests, entering also the low forests, of Pegu and Martaban, up to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Dee.-Feb. ; Fr. H.S.—sx 188. —Metam. SiS. Lat. p- REMAR Ks.— Wood rer cagthe: variegated, heavy and close-grained.— 0 /=60 ct ep ‘good or —— co tincsous, sho: ortly petioled; flowers Prcng white, sessile, in blade crentilate and embracing the long inwards-curved filaments ; style rather short; berries the size of a pepper-kernel, turbinate- globose, 9-3-seeded. Has.—In the ttopical forests of Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. H.S, GYNOTROCHES, Bi. Calyx without bractlets, the limb 4-5-parted. Pefals 4-5, clawed, fimbriate-lacerate. Stamens 8 or 10, inserted under the margins of the 8-10-crenate disk; ts orm; anthers didymous. Ovary superior, with a ie base adhering to the calyx, 3-6-celled, with endi in each cell; style Berry fleshy, 3-6-celled, sc se Seeds small, Albumen copious.—Little trees, with glossy aie and deciduous stipules. Flowers small, in axillary clusters or 452 COMBRETACER. Gynotroches. sometimes barren; stigma radiately lobed; berry 14-2 lin. thick, several-seeded, almost globular. Has.— Upper Tenasserim. COMBRETACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamously dioecious or uni- sexual. Calyx-tube terete or angular, more or less narrowed above the ovary, the limb usually bell-shaped, 4-5- rarely more-toothed, -lobed or -parted, valvate or very rarely imbricate, persistent or deciduous. Petals none, or as many as calyx-lobes, usually small, imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many or twice as many as calyx- with an entire terminal stigma. Fruit various, dry or drupaceous, indehiscent or very rarely dehiscing, winged or not. Seed solitary, dulous. Albumen none; cotyledons convolute or folded, very rarely flat; radicle short, superior.—Trees or shrubs, often climb- ing, with alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or rarely 3- foliolate leaves. Stipules none. Fowers usually small, in axill or terminal inflorescences. Bracts usually small; bractlets some- times larger, often wanting. ingent properties prevail in the order, and hence the bark of several species is used for tanning purposes and the fruits for dyeing black. Some of the trees, like Zerminalia, yield valuable timber, while the kernels of Terminalia catappa are eaten like almonds. All the Burmese species are woody, and, therefore, find a place here. % Stamens usually without glands or staminodes at base ; anthers opening by longitudinal slits, Ovules 2 or more. Flowers in r spikes or heads. ee © Calyx-limb deciduous. ____- X& Calyx-tube short, more or less constricted but not Terminalia. | COMBRETACEZ. 453 No — 3 stamens inflexed in bud; erect trees; flowers in - Terminalia. Petals ae as ely wanting ; stamens straight in bud ; usually climbers ; flowers usually in racem - Combretum. x xX Calys-tube long- produoa began: the ovary. freer 2-winged at base; stam es es al- nate; fiowers in dense heads ; - Anogeissus. . Calyetabe B-comered ay equa sae beyond the ‘ovary ; the 3 stamens straight ; — ny aiaed — bs swe ‘ ‘Seasieat shru : " Guleaiiie O Calyx-limb persistent Calyx-tube 5-ribbed, not produced beyond t =p: net be mes limb en- larging after flowering ; stamens eaves Op- posite ; climbers, with racemose flow - Calycopteris, Saiye tae elongated, narrowed above the ovary, the limb not SATeNg 5 Saee_E- oM AUSES Slee alternate ; fiowers in racemes ‘ . - - Lumnitzera, * Stamens alternating with as ma ‘glands or staminodes; —— opening by a slit Lage ioe the sisi riidainn or in Ovules solitary im cymes. Chae Borclcovyg a Ral “fruit alia 2. or Sees with 3-foliolate lea . Illigera. Calystobes t imbricate, 2 of “rigs persiste istent and enlargin g i long terminal wings ; erect tree with simple or lobed raeB: Gyrocarpus. TERMINALIA, L. ‘Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamously pate Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary, the limb bell-shaped or urceolate, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens in 2 series; filaments celled, with 2 or rarely 3 ovules ; style subulate with a simple stigma. atigulite, compressed or winged, sometimes samaroid, dry or fleshy, the putamen coriaceous or bony. Seed pendulous, the testa membranous. Cotyledons convolute,— Trees or erect shrubs, with alternate or rarely opposite or whorled lea often at the base. Flowers small, usually Stionatecly smelling, in axillary spikes. * Fruit a —< — with a long compressed or obsoletely Young shoots 064 pers es cuneate obovate, very port ioled ; spikes all =n, panne: drupes compressed T. catappa. As former, but drupes obsolete 5-angular, red within Z é 7. procera, Buds rus rusty villous ; leaves ae on 2-3 in. long petioles; spikes all simple, puberulous ; drupes obovate, usually silky pubes-, : cent . T. Belerica. Young shoots and under-side of the short-petioled oblong leaves aa ; spikes simple or panicled, to rang r puberu- : Ana oval, glabrous ; calyx-tube v T. chebula. As fore but calyx-tube quite glabrous, the S aities “and fruits h smaller . ZT. tomentella. Very 3 pennies shoots rusty-villous ; leaves quite glabrous, ‘shortly petioled, acuminate ; spikes tomentose or se hg ected in terminal panicles ; drupes uisecdancociete Peseta 5-cornered . . . : . . a . tee a; citrina. = COMBRETACER. [ Terminalia. * * — a dry nut with a chartaceous or fibrous-coria- eri samaroid or 3- S-connered with as © axillary. All parts glabrous ; leaves obovate ; petiole 2-3 in. longs 3 nut 2- winged, about 3.34 in. across, brown-velvety . &. bialata. As former, but leaves smaller and shorter — pute 2- winged, only 4-3 i in. across . T. pyrifolia. oe) Spikes collected i in a terminal ' panicle. Xi hoot: ts almost glab- rous, equally 2-winged, only about 4-5 lin. broad . T. myriocarpa. x X —, 4- or 5- cornered, all angles equally produced tk All parts more or joni greyish tomentose; leaves shortly petioled, — — turbinate basilar glands, strongly net-veined bene . » £. alata. All parts Scie) leaves shortly petioled, wi with 2 stalked binate _— minently net-veined Bisse the secre spikes and the canes puberulous or almost tomentose . T. erenulata, As Aen "but se panicled — and —— — i uite glabrous 5 . - TL. macrocarp4, * gyn a a fe drupe, with a as or slightly angular slender glabrous spikes in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; calyx glabrous, the tube in the hermaphrodite flowers rather —— and copies above the ovary, villous inside, the lobes glabrous; drupes oblong to oval, somewhat compressed, smooth, yellowish, about 1-14 in. long. Var. 1. Catappa, leaves rounded at the base; stamens all sp) ; drupes larger, slightly compressed, with somewhat pro- minent edges, the mesocarp whitish or yellowish. Var. 2. pubescens, leaves more or less icosan beneath. Has.—Frequent in the beach forests of the Andamans ; much cultivated in villages all over Burma —FI. Apr-May; Fr. June-July—sxl. SS.=S =SiS. ee ot brown, waved, rather heavy, rather close-grained ; takes a _--&. T. procera, Roxb.—A lofty tree (80—120 + 50—90 + a 1d) epily cing bets HS, he a a ped Terminalia.] — COMBRETACER. 455 pubescent ; leaves obversely lanceolate to obovate-oblong, usually unequal at the acute base, on a rather slender petiole 4-7 in. long, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, acute or apiculate ; flowers small, white, almost sessile, forming glabrous axillary racemes, the her- maphrodite ones situated near the base ; calyx-limb salver-shaped ; petals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens alternately shorter and meurved ; drupes ellipsoid-oblong, obsoletely 5-cornered, glabrous, about an inch long or somewhat longer, yellow, the mesocarp pulpy, red, somewhat acid, the nut conform with the drupe, 5-angular and not in the least compressed. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fr. R.S. 8. T. Belerica, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Mad. t. 19; Brand. For. _ Fl, 222.—Thitsein.—A leaf-shedding tree (70—80 + 30—40 + 6—8), parts glabrous, the leaf-buds rusty pubescent; bark thick, brittle, longitudinally fissured and cracked, blackish ; cut yellow ; eaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, obovate to obovate- oblong, on a glandless or 2-glandular slender petiole 2-3 in. long, often somewhat unequal at the base, apiculate, entire, membranous, 5-7 in. long, glabrous; flowers small, dull greyish yellow, sessile, in axillary, solitary, simple, puberulous spikes, the males towards the apex of the spike, the females below ; calyx shortly rusty pubescent outside, densely rusty villous at the base mside, the tube oblong, pubescent ; drupes obovate, nearly as large as a plum, corky-fleshy, usually silky puberulous. — nent in the mixed forests, especially the upper ones, all over Pegu down to Upper Tenasserim, rather rare in Prome and Ava, up to 2,000 ft. eleva- tion.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. C.S.—l.—SS. = Metam, SiS. REMaEKS.— Wood rather soft, white, tolerably durable. O’=40 pd. Good packing-boxes. Exudes a gum, 4. T. tomentella, Kz.—Hpangah.—A tree (80—100 + 50—80 ; i with a for greenish yellow, smooth. 456 COMBRETACER. [ Terminalia. Has.—Common in the upper mixed forests and low forests all over Pegu and .. down to Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. June ; Fr. C.S.—1.—SS. = Metam. SiS. Ar, RemarKs.—Wood pale-brown, rather heavy; close-grained, the heart-wood yellowish brown. Used for yokes and canoes. Fruit mixed with iron-clay gives an ink of an inferior . T. chebula, Retz. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 27; Brand. For. Fi. e358, t. 29.—A tree ig anlrsighabe Tage ae shedding leaves in H.S., the younger parts rusty villous; leaves opposite or nearly so, oblong, on a 1$-2 in. long petiole usually 2-glanded below the apex, shortly and bluntish acuminate or apiculate, with or with- out 2s glands on the margin near the base, entire, almost coriaceous, 6-8 in. long, while young covered with a dense rusty- coloured tomentum, when full-grown glabrous above, or altogether glabrescent ; flowers small, dull-whi a all herm aphrodite, sub- eae St 5-angular, smooth, ‘sini yellow, the + mesocarp hard, yellowish Has. Chittagong. ReMarKs.—Sap-wood greyish, streaked, tolerably close-grained ; the heart- wood Sion. _yollivetist or dark-brown to blackish h, heavy ; — a fine polish. Good for furniture. Nuts used with iron-clay for a good sort of ink ; they also give with alum a durable yellow dye. 6. T. citrina, Roxb.—A tree (60—80+15—30+5—8), shed- ding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous, the very young shoots rusty villous ; leaves almost opposite, from broadly lanceolate to oblong, on a 4-1 in. long petiole2-glanded at the apex, usually with a few glands along the margin towards the base, shortly acuminate, entire, char- taceous, when very young rusty villous, soon quite glabrous, and, in a dried state, of a peculiar metallic or silky lustre, 4-6 in. long ; flowers small, dull-yellow, sessile, all hermaphrodite, ” subtended by a deciduous linear bractlet, forming spikes collected in a terminal Se af ecg * *« Fruit a dry nut with a chartaceous or fibrous-coriaceous pericarp, samaroid, or 3-5-cornered, with as many or Sewer equal or unequal wings. — 7.7. bialata, Wall—Lein-pen—A tree (80—1004+40—60+ — onlin, leafless in H.S., all parts glabrous, the leaf-buds rusty Terminalia. | COMBRETACER, 457 puberulous ; leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, obovate, on a slender glandless petiole 14-2 in. long, unequally acuminate at the base, abruptly acuminate or apiculate, 4-6 in. long, charta- ceous, glabrous ; flowers small, greenish yellow, supported by a minute deciduous bract, forming simple puberulous axillary spikes usually as long as the leaves, the male flowers at the upper, the female ones at the lower part of the spike ; calyx rusty pubescent, very densely rusty villous inside at the base, the tube 3-gonous ; nut oblong, 13-2 in. long, more or less brown-velvety, equally tapering at both ends, 8-gonous, the 2 lateral angles expanded into rtaceous striate-waved and velvety-wings about 1-1} in. broad Has.—Not uncommon in the upper mixed forests of the Andamans.—Fr. CS.—1L—SS. = SiS. 8. T. pyrifolia, Kz.—Lein-pen.—A tree (60—80+30—50+5 —8), shedding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous or the leaf-buds greyis ous; leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, oblong to broadly lanceolate, on a glandless slender petiole 3-1} in. long, acuminate at the base, shortly acuminate, 2-4 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers greenish yellow, small, forming a tawny puberulous spike in the axils of the leaves and usually longer than them ; calyx densely tawny or brown-pubescent, and similarly but more densely villous inside, the tube $ a line long, obsoletely 3-cornered ; fruits only 4-2 in. long, 3-cornered, indistinctly brown- velvety, the 2 lateral angles expanded into 2 rounded striate chartaceous wings of about 4-3 in. breadth. Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests, especially the upper and lower ones, from Pegu and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim ; rare in Prome.— HLS. ; Fr. C.S.—L—SS. = Metam. SiS. RemMaRxKs.—Wood not used ; O’=39 pd. 9. T. myri tree, the young parts rusty pubescent ; leaves opposite and more or and almost imbricate, the nut only 14-2 lin. long, 3-gonously lanceolate, indistinctly puberulous, 2 of the angles expanded into as many obliquely truncate or unequally 2-lobed oblong 2-3 lin. broad 458 _COMBRETACER. [ Zerminalia. yellowish o or brownish aimost glabrous — the third angle not winged or produced into a very small short linear wing. Has.—Ava, Khakyen hills east of Bhamo.—Fl. se S. ; Fr. Jan.-March. RemarxKs.—Timber said to be excellent. 0. T. alata, Roth. (7. tomentosa, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. his ane For. Fl. 225).—Htoukyan.—A tree (40—60 + 10—25 +8—6), shedding leaves in H.S., als ofter parts greyish pubescent ; leaves from shane barat to oblong, on a thick glandless petiole 3-1 in. long, unequal at the base, almost blunt, 6-12 in. long, rather coriaceous, entire, Shs glabrous and somewhat wrinkled above, beneath aye and more or less densely greyish pubescent, bearing 1 or 2 large sel ge are somewhat stalked bree along the rusty ‘pbeszety rea us inside at the ara = ats short ; ts dry, glabrous or downy, from 14 to gh : in. long and b: broad, Paina wings semi-oblong, broader the diameter of the nut. Hazs.—Common in the mixed or es, of Prome, Pegu, and Martaban.—Fl. H.S, ; Fr. C.S, ss. ae ge gi wll. Sis. RemarKs.—Wood very heavy, the sap-wood pale-brown, the heart-wood dark- Seen, fe abe but close-grained ; takes very fine polish. 11. T. crenulata, Roth. (7. arjuna, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 28 ; Brand. Sylv. Madr. 224).—Htoukyan.—A tree (60—100+30— —70 +6—12), shedding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous; bark thick, britt tle, dark-grey, deeply longitudinally cracked ; cut red ; leaves wrinkled, beneath smooth and in a dried state brown ; flowers small, , subtended by a linear-lanceolate short bract, in glabrous or puberulous, rarely Be bos: spikes in the axils of the lower leaves or collected into terminal and axillary panicles; calyx outside glabrous or pubescent, the tube oblong, densely villous within ; fruits =e omy very variable in size, glabrous, from sh i ong and broad, o> ut often only ene: the wings semi-oblong, broader than es the diameter -of the n > ee Vee. A: mise (T. glabra, WA.): bark smooth; spikes oe and panicles puberulous or pubescent ; calyx pubescent all over, or - the hmb outside glabrous or nearly so; fruits usually only 1-1} in. Combretum. | COMBRETACEE, 459 Var. 2. macrocarpa (Pentaptera macrocarpa, Wall.): bark rough fissured ; inflorescence and the whole calyx (except the dense rusty villosity at the bottom inside) glabrous; fruits usually et = always) 24 in. across. ar. 1: frequent in the mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah and else- Psy var. ne : common in all leaf-shedding forests from Chittagong, Prome, and Martaban down to Shean up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. H.S.; Fr C.S.—1.—SS.—= oSi8. oe —Heart-wood dark-brown. 0’'=58 pd. Used for house-posts and planking COMBRETUM, L. Flowers polygamously dioecious. Calyx-tu tube constricted above the wae he limb bell-shaped, 4- or See deciduous. Petals 4 or rted between the calyx ost spongy, elongate, the —. various.—Shrubs, usually climber, rarely trees, with opposite or whorled, very rarely alternate, leaves. Flowers in spikes or racemes often, collected into to panicles. Bracts small or rather conspicuous. * Flowers 5-merous. Stamens 10, alt equal or alternstely shorter. ee ee oe a eets -winged. x vias Sieh abruptly cup-shaped. Leaves > 14-3 in. long —— greyish seston aa floral ¢ discoloured . C. apetalum. sare Petals present. ane oe opposite ; inflorescence rusty or tawny-tomentose, the ral leaves discoloured and white; eS . C. decandrum. Leaves often whorled by 2-4, smooth, aceous ; inflorese greyish tomentose tose, without floral ied fruits with 5 res thick, almost t wing-like angles . C. trifoliolatum. Similar to former, panes leaves rigid, strongly nerved and net-veined ; fruits sharply 4-cornered . C. tetragono- — cana Timb bell- shaped, gradually narrowed into the carpum, Inflorescence, sada: and branchlets all greyish or rusty puberu- lous or velve - C. ovale. ————- qotclens and branchlets ‘all rusty pilose; fruits 5. > * Flower. 2 merous. Sta mens 8, “equal or “alternately : shorter. Fruits usually 4- (earely 5-) winged or . C. pilosum. 460 COMBRETACER. [ Combretum. All parts glabrous ; inflorescence and flowers velvety . . . C. extensum, rs all sessile. All younger parts cio gi ahaa coppery or resty- lepidote ; eaves large, oppos' - C. squamosum. Leaves, at least on the tla branchlets, usually whorled by 3, glabrous, while y young ppc! lepidote ; agar lawicce and shoots puberulou x - + CG. Chinense. As rece but bransbists: petiol ion, and inflorescen e all rus’ rusty e; leaves more or less pubescent beneath, “heed scaly C, dasystachyum. ms x Calyx-limb = cup-shaped, the tube funnel- shaped. a or ‘or angular, + Fruits 4- or B winged, th ngs chart: ; leaves d fruits : oot. Young shoots wir lapel — terete; leaves and the 4- or shen a fruits C. pyrifolium. All parts, also the 4- “ringed fruit, more or less silvery lepidote branchlets 4-cornered . C. quadrangulare x x Body £ fruit t fibrillos . C. Wallichii. tt Fruits 4- siren the angles “thick and rounded. Inflorescence and young branchlets rusty puberous, the former at the same time ers leaves large, veer nerved and parallel-veined < 5 te 3- Ce contaion, > ee en Stasaen 10. um, Wall.—Naboo-nway—A weak tree (15—25 POEL 4), often half-scandent, shedding leaves in H.S., the young shoots downy ; leaves small, on a 2-3 lin. Tong é slender petiole, ovate-oblong, acuminate, entire, ch us, 1}-3 in. long, glossy and glabrous, the nerves beneath puberulous, the under-surface us usually with a metallic hue ; flowers very numerous, small, apetalous, each - supported by a minute subulate puberulous very " daciaus bract, racemose, the — ponernlow rarely simple and axillary, but orming te panicles in the axils of the upper ciive or at the ends of the eacnies usually furnished with small elliptical floral leaves at the lower forkings; calyx ‘Sha! outside, ochecaad within, the limb abraptly eu p-shaped, 5-lobed, the lobes reflexed and linear-acuminate ; tube oblong, terete or nearly 80, shortly and densely pubescent ; fruits about 3-3 in. long, 5- , the wings late. at the base. Has.—Common in the dry forests, especially the mixed ones, of Prome; also Ava.—FI. Sept.-Jan. ; Fr. March.—l.—SS.—CaS. C. decandrum, Roxb.; Brand. For. Fl. 220.—Thama-ka- oe —An evergreen scandent shrub, the branchlets a _ young shoots rusty pubescent ; bark smooth, greyish b rown ; leaves = “oblong to oblong-lanceolate, ona -pubescent petiole ‘2-3 lin. , cuspidate-acuminate, entire, chartaceous, 4-6 in. long, glab- ‘rous or usually the nerves beneath appressed rusty puberulous ; ; small, Nearer subtended ubescent flowers. merece pe p bract, in rathe ing cere = green ied in log long, gfe ey t,he P 7 athe, fA Se ee ee a Bg RO ee ae Combretum. } COMBRETACER. | 461 floral leaf, the whole forming a densely rusty-pubescent pon at the end of the branches or in the axils of the leaves; calyx densel rusty pubescent, 5-lobed, the tube elliptically oblong, ae a petals 5, obovate- oblong, like the stamens twice as long as the calyx-lohes ; ; fruits oblong, about an inch long, glabrous, shortl ioe the wings about as broad as the diameter of the nut, chartaceo Se Sciaiaod all over Burma and the prs provinces, in all kinds - ithews especially the —_ ones, up to 3. 000 ft elevation.—Fl. Nov. Feb.—1 X s.—S8.= @ ee .—Wood ke light, fibrous, but close -grained, pale-coloured, 3. C. trifoliatum, Vent.—An evergreen large scrambling or scandent shrub, all parts glabrous or the young shoots puberu- lous ; leaves opposite or often whorled by 3 or rarely by 4, from elliptically and obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually. acute or blunt with a mucro, on a glabrous or fag acctealy pubescent petiole 1-2 lin. long, entire and usually waved, coriaceous, usually 3-4 in. long, sometimes much larger, glossy above, beneath smooth or rarely fugaceously pubescent along the midrib, with or without a tuft of hairs in the axils of the principal nerves; flowers small, whitish, subtended by a subulate appressed pubescent bract, form- ing densely tomentose or puberulous spikes arranged in in simple or brachiate panicles at the end of the —— or in the 2 of the leaves; calyx appressed greyish pubescent, densely hirsute side, the limb ok cup-shaped, 5-toothed, with the teeth aes: olate-subulate petals longer than the calyx-teeth, elliptically » fringed an and appressed pubescent outside ; fruits ellipti- air aos 1-14 in. long, pl ge sharply 5-angular, the angles almost wing-like produced, firmly coriaceous and much narrower than the diameter of the nut. Has.—Frequent in re —— forests and along inundated banks of choungs all over Burma from and Martaban down to Tenasserim.— March; Fr. Apr.-June = —ss.= 4. C. tetragonocarpum, Kz.—. m large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to to eliptically oblong, on a thick Sheet a line long petiole, blunt or almost retuse, 3-5 in. long, coriaceous, conspicuously nerved and abet on both sides, glabrous ; flowers small, whitish, subtended by a small subulate - villous bract, forming ‘robust, tawny villous, solitary spikes in the ected axils of the leaves and shorter than, or as long as, them, or in axillary and poor brachiate panicles ; calyx-tube shortly rusty villous, short, yi the limb = seein: 462 COMBRETACER. [ Combretum. glabrous, pale-brown, elliptically ovate, 4-cornered, the ome* — s, sharp and almost -like riaceous, prominent, much n than the diameter of the nut. Hap ae in er —_— forests of the alluvial plains of Pegu.—Fl. Febr. alts cee ia All. F a acuminate, acu “Or blunt, entire, chartaceous, 14-2 or often 3-4 in long, ee or beneath slightly and minutely appressed pubescent on the nerves; flowers middling-sized, pale rose-coloured, on very short appressed tawny-pubescent pedicels, subtended by an ovate- lanceolate, acute or acyminate, pubescent bract of 3-4 lin. length or larger, forming a tawny eas or densely puberulous bracted short opposite simple raceme on a very ue poe or ae sessile and aris m above the pau e fallen leaves ; calyx bell-shaped-tubular, © ee F tawny p ae deg 5-lobed ; ” petals 5, obovate-lanceolate, pecan 3-4 lin. long, rather blunt, sparingly pubescent outside ; stamens 10, long-exserted, with blue (2) anthers ; fruits unknown Has.—Rather frequent in the topes and mixed forests of Pegu and Martaban, also in meebo and open forests, but rare-—Fl. March-May.— s:1& 1.—SS.—petrophilous 6. C. pilosum, Roxb.—A large woody climber, the branchlets and young shoots densely covered with rusty-coloured soft spreading hairs ; bark pretty smooth, dark-brown ; leaves from elliptically to oblong or ovate-lanceolate, on a very short thick rusty-pilose petiole sometimes almost sessile, acuminate, entire, chartaceous, 5-7 in nes glabrous, sometimes fringed, the midrib and nerves beneath 3 to nearly 4 lin. long, densely appressed rusty pubescent, bell- | deieed, b-bed; petale’knese-obloug,-blat,. abot. 8 lini. ong appressed tawny pubescent outside, white; stamens long-exserted, _ anthers ase ; fruits about an inch long, ovate-oblong, puberu- — _ the chartaceous, broader than the diameter Combretum.| ~ COMBRETACER. 463 Hap.—Pegu, above Rangoon (Cleghorn) ; Tenasserim, from Moulmein down to Mergui.—F. January. x * Flowers 4-merous. Stamens 8. long-exserted, the anthers yellow or orange ; fruits about 1}-in. long, broadly oblong, glabrous, 4-winged, the wings semi-oblong, chartaceous, broader than the diameter of the nut. - Has.—Common in all leaf-shedding forests, especially the mixed ones, all over Burma and adjacent provinces down to Tenasserim,—Fl. Jan.-March ; Fr. May.—L—SS. = a. o. &. shrub, Side tortanas buttressed stems as thick as a man’s thigh, all softer parts covered with minute rusty scales ; bark about 4 an in thick, corky and lenticellate, dark-brown ; cut brown ; leaves oppo- site, from broadly ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a 3-4 lin. long lepidote petiole, apiculate, entire, almost coriaceous, 5-6 in. long or sometimes much smaller, above sparingly lepidote-dotted, dot und larger one at the end of the branches ; calyx densely coppery- ved, densely hirsute at the throat, 4-toothed ; petals 4, obovate-lanceolate, acute, longer than the calyx-teeth ; fruits broadly oblong, glabrous, nearly 14 in. long, 4-winged, the wings chartaceous, semi-oblong, broader than the diameter of the nut. Has.— i especially the low, but also the mixed, forests een Sg sag ne peso ng March-Apr. ; Fr. C.S, and May-June.—l.—SS. = Dil. SiS. Remarxs,—Wood rather light, coarse, fibrous, and porose, pale-brown. 9. C. Chinense, Roxb., hardly of Don.—An evergreen large woody climber with dark-brown and rather smooth branches, the AB 4 COMBRETACER. { Combretum. young shoots and branchlets minutely lepidote ; leaves crowded by 3-4 and usually whorled, from obovate-oblong to oblong and oblong- lanceolate, on a short but slender minutely lepidote petiole, apiculate, blunt, or sometimes almost retuse, entire, 3-5 in. long, almost cori- aceous, above sprinkled with minute scales , glabrous beneath ; flowers small, white, supported by a subulate minutely scaly re- curved brac t, formin, g simple, solitary minutely rusty ogee wikis in the a of the leaves, or by suppression of the leaves the spikes sometimes appearing panicled ; calyx Pabrilar beli-ahisped. minuets and densely mney lephtole, the limb 4-lobed, inside at the throat much rusty-hirsute ; petals obovate, twice as long as the calyx- lobes ; fruit about 1} i in. long and nearly as 3 ares shes glabrous, 4-winged, the chartaceous wings re t both ends, broader than the diameter of the nut. Has.—Not uncommon in the tropical forests of Martaban east of pe aig up to 3,000 ft. elevation ; Chittagong.—Fr. March-Apr.—s : 1—SS.=—. 10. C. dasystach Kz.—An evergreen large woody climber, maneh ceemming | the former species, but all parts more or se pubes- 3 leaves ite or more usually by threes, from elliptically - ee ee on a very short thick ta es or rusty-pu petiole, acuminate, entire, 3-4 in. long, membranous, above eprinkled ith minute white ae ” beneath (along the ee densely) pubes- es in the tropical forests of the eastern a. of the Peon ¥, Soul and i er ag = Tounghoo, especially along choungs.— Fl. March- Ap i ee 1g. ree ay scandent shrub (?) resembling C. ovalifolium, Roxb, the young shoots shortly rusty pubescent ; leaves small, from ov: land broadly oblong to almost orbicular, opposite and ackals. 2 on a slender petiole 3 to 4 lin. long, blunt or almost retuse and mucronate, entire, chartaceous, 14-2 im. long, glabrous minutely dotted above ; ‘flowers .. a spikes puberulous, solitary, n slender, axillary an and terminal short panicles ; fruits rather small, $-3 in. long, glabrous, 5-and 4-winged, the wings charta- is, semi-oval, r than the diameter of the nut. Ave. SS Combretum. | COMBRETACE®. 465 12. C. quadran Kz.—A somewhat scandent shrub, all softer parts more or less corel with silvery scales and dotted, the branchlets sharply 4-cornered ; leaves opposite or rarely alternate, small, obovate-cuneate or rarel ovate, on a short but slender lepi- dote petiole usually blunt or almost retuse and mucronate, entire, 14-3 in. long, chartaceous, on both sides (beneath rather densely) ea. with silvery orbicular scales, and dotted; flowers small, white (?), supported by a subulate very fugaceous bract, forming - simple, densely lepidote, solitary or paired spikes in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them; calyx funnel-shaped, hardly a line long, densely agate the limb 4-toothed, densely tawny villous inside; petals somewhat longer than the 8-angular calyx-teeth, obovate ; tiadens exserted ; fruits small, 4-3 in. “long and broad, almost orbicular, appearing whitish from numerous silvery seales: 4-winged, the wings chartaceous, broader than the diameter of the nut. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May. 13. C. costatum, Roxb.—A large woody climber, the young shoots rusty powdery and usually minutely scaly ; leaves opposite or nearly so, ean to elliptically oblong, on a 3-5 lin. long strong petiole, bluntish cuspidate or acuminate, entire, chartaceous, 6-9 in long, glabrous, bonaath along the prominent. nerves more or less puberulous, but soon glabrescent, strongly. transversely parallel- veined ; flowers small, yellowish, supported b a thick, linear, short bract, in minutely scaly spikes usually arising on separate axillary leafy ‘shoots and forming some sort of a leafy axillary panicle ; calyx minutely scaly, cupular-funnel-shaped, 4-toothed, the teeth short and broad, acute; tube oblong, bluntish, 4-cornered. the limb glabrous inside ; petals minute, yellow, lanceolate, acute; fruits linear-oblong, from 14-1% in. long, glabrous, 4-angled, the angles thickened, solid and blunt, sharp and narrowed towards their upper end, about as broad as the diameter of the nut or narrower. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr. re C. Wallichii, DC.—A large scandent shrub, the young shoots rusty puberulous; leaves elliptical to élliptically oval, on a strong short petiole, rounded or obtuse the base, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate or apiculate, 4-6 in. long, charta- ceous, puberulous chee and giabrescent ; flowers small, rusty puberuls site dhe by linear-subulate bracts longer than the _ tube and forming axillary solitary perigee racemes shorter than the Isres and often collected into terminal panicles; calyx lepidote and obscurely rusty puberulous outside the limb angular, Sothed, densely poo agree inside; petals small, obovate-_ eat ; fruits dry-chartaceous, rotundate in outline, — 2F ao 466 COMBRETACER. [ Anogeissus. 4.winged, the wings _ pale-brown, nearly doubly broader than the fibrillose-clothed n . TES: eae ae tropical forests of Chittagong.—Fl. B.S. ; r, C.S. ANOGEISSUS, Wall. Calyx compressed, 2-winged, the tube long and ue pro- duced beyond the ovary, the limb bell-shaped or urceolate, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals none. Stamens 10, in two series, the filaments oreriecs anthers Gall cordate. Ovary 1-celled with 2 suspended ovules; style filiform, with a simple stigma. Fruit small, straight, . Wall. ; Bedd. cs a t. 16; Brand. For. BL 228.—F. oong _ —A leaf-shedding tree (80—100 +40—80+ 9—12), while young the trunk armed with numerous long spines (abortive branchlets), all softer parts more or less a ppressed-pubes- cent; bark about $ an in. thick, dark brownish grey, densely covered with herbaceous, green, rounded pustules covered with a thin, easily separable, greyish membrane ; leaves from lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate to oblong and linear-lanceolate acuminate, on a short, slender, pubescent petiole, entire, 1-3 in. long, chartaceous, while young more or less densely silky ‘beso, more or less glab- rescent or quite glabrescent ; flowers small, yellowish, crowded and sessile on the spherically thickened apex of the axillary, solitary, short, tawny or rusty pubescent peduncle ; calyx densely tawny or rusty tomentose all over, or the hmb outside glabrous or sparingly minutely pubescent ; fruits glabrous, glossy. Var. 3, uina : leaves larger and longer, acuminate, usually densely silk-hairy, at see while young; bark densely pustulate ; fruits trapezoid, nearly doubly broader than long, the apex and beak tawny pubescent or villous. Var. 2. phillyrexfolia (4. Shiliyeeg Se Heurk. & Muell- Arg.) : leaves smaller, quite glabrous when full grown; bark often _marmorate and more or less destitute of the pustules; fruits trape- es _zoid, not much broader than long; quite glabrous and glossy ; flower-heads nearly doubly smaller, ap—Var. 1: z frequent i in the mixed forests all over Burma from Ava and ng Earn & Tenasserim up to 3,000 ft.; var. 2: restricted to the are ay his alietial platen. of Proae’ ant Pegu, also Ava. He Ayer Maye—s x]1—SS.= o SiS. Quisqualis. | COMBRETACER. 467 Remarxs.—Wood uniformly brown, the heart-wood red-brown, heavy, close- grained, hard, strong, and durable; takes a fine polish. 050-57; bre os weight—262 pd.—Good for building | purposes et indoor-work ; cepodee to wate it soon decays. QUISQUALIS, L. Calyx-tube rather terete, very long produced beyond the oe ovary, see tons, the limb. 5-parted, small. Petals 5. Stam 10; s ovate. Ovary 1-celled, with 3-4 pendulous pik oa style filiform, with a somewhat dilated. ce Fruit dry-coria- ceous, sharply 5-gonous or almost 5-winged, l-seeded. Cotyledons (occasionally 3) fleshy.—Scandent shrubs, with opposite or almost oppar's simple leaves. Flowers rather showy, in axillary or termi- “es spikes or racemes. 1. Q. Indica, L.—Da-wai-hmine.—A ese vergreen wood climber, all younger parts more or less pubescent or villous ; ante oblong to ovate-oblong, on a short tawny or rusty tomentose or 2 to 5 in. long; flowers conspicuous, first white, then changing into rose and deep red, supported by a bract, sessile, alternatin ing and distichous, forming short, tawny or rusty pubescent spikes in the axils of the leaves or at the end of the branchlets; bracts leafy, from ovate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, usually pubescent, gra- dually smaller ad. narrower upwards ; -ealyx-tube 2 to nearly 3 in. long, puberulous, hairy inside at the throat; petals elliptically oblong, blunt or nearly so, about 4 an in. long or shorter or some- what longer, especially outside puberulous ; fruits more than an inch long, glossy, deeply furrowed and sharply 5-angular, the angles coriaceous and wing-like. Var. 1. genuina: bracts leafy, from ovate and lanceolate to linear-lanceolate ; petals oblong or linear-oblong. Var. 2. villosa (Q. vi/dosa, Roxb.) : bracts subulate to linear, — rigee inconspicuous; petals usually obovate and often almost notch “068 3. oxypetala: as former, but the petals broadly lanceolate and acute or nearly so. : Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and lower mixed ae of from Ava and Pegu down to Tenasserim ; var. o Ava, Kakhyen hills —Fl. March-Apr. CALYCOPTERIS, Lamk. | __ Calyx-tube elongate-turbinate, obtusely 5-gonus, the limb broadly bell-shaped, 5-cleft, much enlarging after flowering. Petals none. 468 COMBRETACES. [ Lumnitzera. Stamens 10, in two rows, short, the filaments subulate; anthers didymous. Ovary 1- celled, with three suspended ovules ; ; style subulate with a simple stigma. Fruit 5-gonous and 5-furrowed, crowned by the five spreading chartaceous large calyx-lobes, l- seeded. Cotyledons convolute.—Scandent shrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers in short axillary racemes often collected into rminal panicles. Stamens } the length of the acute calyx-lobes . . . C. nutans. Stamens as long as the bluntish calyx-lobes . ; . O. floribunda. 1. C. nutans, Kz.— Kywot-nay-nway. — aves peandent shrub, tomentose petiole, acuminate, entire, 3-5 in. long, chartaceous, above minutely, beneath shortly and usually densely, tawny or brownish pubescent, and while young almost villous; flowers about 4 in. in diameter, — gre h green, supported by a small thickly vil- acute; stamens 10, the longer ones about 4-4 as long as the calyx- lobes; fruits small, about 4 in. long, villous, 5-angled and furrowed between the obtuse angles, crowned by the enlarged bell-shaped calyx-limb of nearly } an inch in a Has.—Frequent all over r Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenas- serim, ee in a mixed forests and along river banks in vig etc., up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Jan. -March ; Fr. Feb.-May.—l—S8S.= LUMNITZERA, Willd. _ Calyx-tube elongate, tapering at both ends, ease with two bractlets adnate up to the middle of the tube; limb bell-shaped, equal or unequal, 5-lobed, persistent. Petals 5, sae Sta- - mens 5 or id; filame nts filiform-subulate ; anthers cordate. Ovary l-celled with 2 to 5 suspended ovules ; style filiform, with a sim- ple stigma. Fruit woody, compressed and obtusely angular, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Cotyledons convolute.— Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple fleshy-coriaceous leaves. Flowers small, in short axillary or terminal racemes or spikes. Flowers white ; stamens 10, about as long as the petals . racemosa. Flowers crimson ; some es twice as long as the petals aA littorea. IHigera. | COMBRETACER. 469 fleshy-coriaceous, almost veinless, smooth and glossy, 14-24 in. long ; spikes axillary, solitary, — simple, 6-12-flowered, about as long as es leaves or shorter, the peduncle compressed ; flowers sessile, small, white, supported ce a very minute basal bract ; calyx- teeth small ; petals oblong, spreading, afterwards recurved ; stamens 10, the alternating ones somewhat longer and about the length of the petals ; drupe about 3 in. long, compressed-ovate-oblong, taper- ing into a narrow furrowed tube crowned with the calyx-limb, fibrous-woody and glossy. a | requent in the littoral es, Bon ae the tidal ones, and also in the mod a all Lee the s m an down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. H SS.—Sal. Remarxs.—Wood strong and durable, useful for posts and other purposes in house-building. 2. Ek ‘itorea, Voigt.—An evergreen tree (20—40+ (?) +2 —4),in all parts agreeing with the een but the petals are intemal crimson, and the stamens (5-10, usually 7) are about twice as long as the petals, the filaments very "dlbhdes and crimson. “2 ge .—Southern Tenasserim, in mangrove swamps.—Fl. Fr. Sept.—SS.—= ILLIGERA, Bl. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube narrow-ovoid, constricted beyond the ovary, the limb 5-parted, deciduous, valvate. Stamens 5, epigynous, alternating with as many glands ; filaments subulate- filiform, furnished with two spatulate or tubular staminodes at Scandent ene with jibcraate $-foliolate leaves. Flowers sub- tended by 1 to 3 bractlets, small or middling-sized, forming lax eee cymes. BI.—A large wets climber he terete cori ceous, 24-3 in. long, Sins ME quite glabrous or slightly Siliowoit on the nerves beneath, y net-veined ; flowers rather small, white, supported by a small lanceolate tomentose bract at the base of the very short, thick, wept ad gop (often with es or three smaller bractlets on the Pp itself), in ae _ tawny tomentose or puberulous foe forming Phtiger, axillary, and 470 ANACARDIACER. [ Gyrocarpus. terminal pendulous panicles ; calyx tawny-velvety, the lobes linear- lanceolate, acute, petaloid; petals furnished in their sinuses with a cuneate-notched gland; staminodes 10, cucullate and clawed, one at each side of the glandular-puberulous filaments ; fruit about 1 in. long, the nut 4-cornered and velvety, 2-winged, the wings broadly vel very blunt, 14-2 in. long, chartaceous, striate Has. pride wre in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and the Marta- ‘ban hills di o Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Sept.-Oct. ; Fr. March.—s : gayle neon SiS. ~ Aa y GYROCARPUS, Jacq. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, the males numerous. Calyx 4-7-parted, the lobes equal or unequal, imbricate, in the females two of them much enlarging and becoming wing-like in fruit ; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary or, in the males, wanting. Peta als none. Stamens as many as calyx-lobes, or fewer or none in the foes inserted on the bottom of the calyx and alternating with as many club-shaped staminodes; anthers opening by 2 Jateral valves. Ovary absent in males; in the coer — with a i ndulous ovule; sti sessile. ny, te rmina i the 2 wing-like elongate coriaceous ore ber. Albumen none.—Trees, with alternate, simple or lobed leaves. Flowers very small, crowded in dense corymbose cymes. 1, G. Jacquini, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 196.—Penglai- — thit-kouk.—A leaf-shedding tree (60—80+40—50+4—8), all younger parts more or less puberulous or pubescent; leaves crowded _ at the end of the thick branchlets, broadly ovate or on - ona 1-4 in. long petiole, more or "less act uminate, on young t often 8-10 in. long and broadly and deeply 3-lobed, those of full- grown trees usually only 4-5 in. long and entire, rarely obsoletely Mie = pepe Eeoguent i in the coast forests and upper mixed forests, not far from sea ‘Chlsitie agen also Tenasserim.—Fl. R.S.; Fr. C.S.—l.—S8. MARKS = Nod white, -Yory light and soft, Good for children’s toys, MYRTACER. 471 MYRTACE. usuall many as calyx-lobes, much imbricate in bud, the outer ones sometimes larger in bud than the inner, or rarely all cohering and falline off in an entire operculum. ‘Stamens indefinite, usually 1 ported by the calyx-tube, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb or its scar, either loculicidally capsular with as many valves as ovary- i iscent and _ with opposite or rarely alternate usually gland-dotted simple leaves. Flowers soli or variously arranged into a or terminal in- © florescences. Bracts 1 or more, bractlets 2, often minute and very fugaceous. : More than 50 species of this order, all woody plants, are found in Burma. Astringent principles prevail in the bark, and it is, there- fore, often used for tanning purposes. Fragrant, aromatic, or pun- gent volatile oil is the prevailing quality of Myrtaceae. The buds of Caryophylius aromaticus yield our cloves; all-spice or pimento-pepper is deriv om Pimenta. Several furnish good dessert-fruits, like guava, jambo, rose-apple. Heavy, usually brown-coloured timber — <3 obtained from the various species of Eugenia and Careya. x Fruit a dry capsule, opening at the top into as many valves as cells to the ovary (very rarely indehiscent). : © Stamens free or united into bundles, alternating with the ls. Leaves small or narrow. : -++ Leaves opposite, narrow; stamens free, usually : ' fewer than 20 : Z es . : . Baeckea. " ; Stamens numerous, in a continuous series ; flowers not in heads . Leptospermum, Stamens united into 5 free bundles ; flowers in heads orspikes . Melaleuca. - OO Stamens united into bundles, opposite the petals; Ss leaves alternate, posite . . - ~« Lristamia. 472 MYRTACER. [ Melaleuca. * & Fruit an indehiscent berry or rarely a dru oO Leaves 0 opposite, more or less distinctly gland-dotted. i of seed Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas . . Rhodamnia. a - or more a elled. Ovary 5- or rarely 4-celled, with 2-6 ovules in each cel . Decaspermum. Ovary 2- or more-celled, with numerous ovules in rs series in each cell . Psidium, x Stigma " simple, minute ; ovary "2-3-celled with several chsh = —" cell ; ” seeds — few; often ‘ T Saemek ‘OO Leaves satastatee: no ak do ited, Stamens all perfect ; fruit fibrous-fleshy, with a single large seed without pulp : . Barringtonia. or inner stamens or both ‘without anthers ; fruit a ‘large berry with many seeds im ee din pul . Careya. Only the inner series of stamens without aia berry corticate 3-4-celled, with several siedl in each ¢ - Planchonia. MELALEUCA, L. Calyx-tube bell-shaped or urceolate, at base adnate to the ovary, the limb 5-lobed, imbricate or open in bud. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite, much longer than the petals, united into 5 distinct bundles opposite the etals ; ‘anthers. versatile, SY terse onpttedinally- Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 3-celled, with few or numerous yoke ii in each cell attached to the peltate or oe: cleft placenta ; style filiform with a peltate or capitate or frequently minute stigma. Capsule enclosed in the enlarged and hardened calyx, crowned by the free part of the tube, loculicidally 3-valved, the valves sometimes separ- * able from the calyx into 3 cocci. Perfect seeds usually few, the testa thin. Embryo straight or hardly curved, the cotyledons flat, ues or folded and embracing each other, longer than the ees or shrubs, with usually alternate, more. or less narrow, ay or more-nerved leaves. Flowers supported by a bract, _— in puede or spikes. deaetowredt into a anes herr 3-7 7-nerved wi stiniitomiositie veins, glaucous-green, glabrous ; flowers small, fed ite, in more or less in- ot elongate spikes solitary or several together, the rachis t, tomen or glabrous; calyx glabrous or pubescent, undies under 4 an inch ee the claws usually : ietadtng than the petals, each terminating into 3; fruiting calyx sey about 2 ae ‘in diameter, t iy lin. long, the lobes short, orbicular, often with scarious— I saree Tristania.| MYRTACER. 473 varying from globular to almost hemispherical ; seeds obovoid or cuneiterm Has.—Lower Tenasserim, rare. TRISTANIA, R. Br. X Calyx-lobes blunt or nearly so. Leaves sessile or almost so, rigidly coriaceous, glossy on both sides ; flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx about 3 lin. in diameter Leaves petioled, thi iaceous, opaque beneath ; fl di calyx only 1} lin. in diameter; capsule exserted : x x rat ly 253 Tinlot = + Pp To . eee a ‘ . T. Burmanica, dl erted 7. Griffithii. 1. T. Merguensis, Griff—An evergreen large shrub, 8 ft. high, the young branchlets and ramifications of the inflorescences more or less sharply angular and minutely puberulous or glabrescent ; leaves somewhat crowded at the end of the branches, from lanceolate- to more or less cuneate at the base and decurrent almost apiculate, rigidly coriaceous, variable in size, some very rous and glossy on both sides, not dotted beneath ; flowers middling-sized, yellowish, ill-seented, almost wdery pedicels subtended 474 MYRTACER. [ Rhodamnia. petals; ovary whitish tomentose, broadly hemispherical, adnate to the base of the cal aB.— Lower Tenasserim. —Fl. Aug. 2. T. Burmanica, Griff.—Toung-yoh-pyee-zeng.— An evergreen tree (20-4042), ’the young shoots pubescent ; bark grey, about 4 in. thick, fibrous, peeling off in thin, long, corky-fibrous flakes ; cut dry, pale-brown; leaves from obovate-lanceolate to almost coloured, opaque, and dotted ; flowers small, white, on rather slender, 1-2 lin. long, slightly pilose pedicels, forming a short-peduncled, small, slightly and shortly pilose dichotomous cyme in me: axils of the leaves ; bracts linear-lanceolate, small, very deciduous; calyx about 14 lin. in diameter, puberulous, shortly villas ee leaeet inside, the teeth short, rather blunt ; petals about 4 lin. long, rotun- date ; stamens unequal, united by 5-7 into ey short. bundles free almost to the base, about the length of the calyx-teeth ; filaments puberulous; ovary half-superior, hemispherical, silvery-silk-hairy ; ; capsules oblong, cy as appressed, pilose and glabrescent, protruding for more than 4 from the calyx; seeds about 2 lin. long, linear- lanceolate, laterally compressed ‘and trigonous. Has.—Not unfrequent in the Eng “Farce along - eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and more frequently from Martaban down to Tenasserim, ascendin g also the hill Eng and drier hill forests of Mataban up ite 3,500 ft. elevation. — . March-Apr. ; Fr. Apr.-May.—l.—SS.—Lat. Metam 3. T. Griffithii, Kz. fe evergreen ae tree, the leaf-buds imbricate-scaly ; leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, lanceo- late, tapering at both ends, almost entire, coriaceous, pellucid- dotted ; ; cymes almost axillary, few-flowered, trichotomous ; flowers rather large, white ; ears, we turbinate ; limb 5-parted, “turning cireumsciss, the lobe vate, subulate -acuminate, petals rotundate ; st in 5 bundl o of numerous stamens ; filaments capillary, nearly as .. as the petals; capsule hardly exserted, bordered by the cireumsciss-annular calyx-limb ; seeds angular. pein Se Tenasserim.—Fl. Fr. Jan. RHODAMNIA, Jack. Pelpasiabe ovoid or almost globular, not produced beyond the ovary, the limb 4-lobed, usually persistent. Petals 4, per ee Stamens numerous, free, in several rows; filaments fiitorsn —— : Noles l-celled, with several sm attached to ne e tas 5 aride iors; sae uw a plate, Ber . the calyx-lim! i iy he eset ore ata ha Decaspermum. | MYRTACER. 475 mbryo horse-shoe-shaped, with a long radicle and very small cotyledons.—Shrubs or small trees, with opposite 3- or tripli- nerved leaves. Flowers usually small, in axillary short racemes or clusters. Bractlets small, deciduous. Has.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein down to Mergui.—Fl. Aug. DECASPERMUM, Forst. circular, the radicle long, the cotyledons short and linear.—Small eav Flowers small 2 lin. long, sharply acuminate, tapering at the base, 1-3 in. long, thin coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath, while very young, appressed short pubescent sometimes silky and silvery-white racemes in the axils of the leaves and much shorter than them, and usually col- lected in a more or less leafy panicle at the end of the branch- lets ; bracts linear-subulate ; calyx hemispherical, about 3 lin. long, — ate MYRTACES. [ Pstdium. very silk-hairy, the lobes ovate, acute, almost equal, less pubes- cant or nearly glabrous, often ciliolate; petals about 2 lin. long, obovate-oblong ; -berries globulay, the size of a pepper-kernel, scenes velvety, several-seeded. —Common in the hill forests of the Martaban hills, and here freely seine up in deserted hill toungyas, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation; also Tenasserim.—Fl. March.—l.—SS.=Metam PSIDIUM, L. e Calyx-tube bell-shaped, urceolate or pear-shaped, adnate at the base or high up, the upper free portion quite entire and closed over the corolla in bud and coming off entire or splitting irregularly. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens very numerous, ins many rows on the usually broad disk, free, the filaments filiform ; anthers oblong or linear. Ovary 2-7- (usually 4-5-) celled, with numerous ovules in each cell attoched:t in numerous rows to the = shoes curved, ho ioe or almost circular, rail very long, the cotyledons small.—Trees or shrubs, often villous or tomentose, with opposite penninerved leaves. Flowers tigeallly rather large, Py 1-3 on axillary or lateral peduncles, rarely numerous and eae soo 1. P. guyav i Brand. For. Fl. 232.—Ma-la-ka-pen.—An evergreen tree (2030-4 (?) +2—3), [a low shrub in a wild state in Sumatra, etc.], the young branches pubescent; bark quite smooth, ereyish brown, peeling off in thin almost paper-like flakes ; leaves oblong to ovate, on a very short strong petiole, usually acu- minate or almost blunt, 3-5 in. long, appressed pubescent beneath, glabrescent, the lateral nerves paralleland very strong with conspi- cuous transversal veins and net-veination between; flowers rather _ large, white, fragrant, solitary or by 2-3 on 4-1 in. “Jong pubescent uncles arising either solitary or rarely by 2-3 from the axils of the leaves; bractlets under the calyx 2, subulate ; calyx-tube ovoid - as long as the adnate part; petals broad, fully } an in, in dia- meter ; berries large, the size and shape of an apple or pear, fleshy many ee crowned by the calyx-limb, when fully ripe yellow . (P. pyriferum, L.) : peduncles 1-flowered ; rum (2. pomiferum, 1.) : peduncles usually 2- third = ease fruits globose or ovoid. or globular, densely puberulous, the lobes behern A ovate, acute, nearly by Pega oe aX Eugenia. | MYRTACER. 477 Has.—Generally cultivated in and around _ villages all over Burma, and sometimes half wild in village bushes.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. R.S.—SS.= @. EUGENIA, L. Calyx-tube from globular to narrow-turbinate and club-shaped, not or more or less produced beyond the ovary ; lobes 4 or rarely 5, or more or less connivent, or connate and falling off ina single calyptra. Stamens numerous, in several series, free or collected into 4 obscure bundles; anthers versatile. Ovary 2- or very rarely 3-celled, usually with several ovules in_each cell; style subulate, with a simple minute stigma. Fruit a berry or almost drupe-like, or nearly dry with a fibrous rind. Seeds either solitary and globu- or few and variously shaped by compression, the testa usually membranous, rarely cartilaginous. Embryo thick and fleshy, radicle *« Calyx smooth inside, without an intrastaminal thickened : ring ; flowers usually small, the calyx-limb often obsolete i and turning truncate after flowering. rries often small, globular to ovoid, more or less sappy, 1- rarely 2- ~ © Calyx elongate or shorter, and then more or less ob- versely coni Flowers in simple or alwost simple axillary racemes. Berries ovoid, Calyx very elongate. Calyx tubular-narrowed, 1-4 in. long, the lobes broad and rounded ; berry about an inch long, ovoid-oblong, crowned with calyx- lol : ¢ : . : . : ’ ‘ : . E. elaviflora. Calyx clavate, 3-4 in. long, the limb truncate; berry clavate-ob- long, only } in. long, crowned with the cup-shaped truncate calyx-limb . : . . P “ . ‘ : . EB. leptantha. X X Flowers in more or less corymb-like axillary and erminal panicles, Calyx shorter, Calyx contracted in a pedice -like . Calyx smooth ; leaves somewhat glaucous beneath ; berries black . E. grata. <= _ Calyx in a dried state granular-rough ; berries white; leaves E eather'glesy bmesth . s+ te, ee E. Zeylanica. cos ++ Calyx sessile, not pedicel-like narrowed. Flow- ers in terminal (and sometimes also axillary) corymb-like panicles. Leaves more or less linear, net-veined between the remote, indistinct, irregular, lateral nerves; as jeer ‘ : . E. contracta, ves more or less oblong, somewhat glaucescent beneath, n net-veined between the approximate parallel lateral nerves; a tree . ‘ ee : = : Z . E. bracteolata. 478 : - MYRTACEE. [ Bugenia. oO fe) Calyx hemispherical to funnel-shaped, sessile or sete contracted at base. xX Leaves usually opaque, ordinarily green, the la- teral nerves more or less distant, somewhat ir- regular and net-veined between. Inflorescence usually lateral from “eh older branches. + Calyx sessile, without a pedicel-like tapering + Lea es not glaucous beneath. angen ed = in. mart da leaves not decurrent, broader; flowers more ate + panile longer peduncled, the last ramifica- = ions very s . E. operculata. As former, but oe more obo wate ; panicle “7 short peduncled or almost sessile, more lax ; flowers often by . E. obovata. ves acuminately decurrent in a short petiole, more acuminate . E. paniala, retten glaucous or glaucescent be beneath. Branchlets terete or nearly so ; Seer es more or less "pelttantledl§ cals lobes shaaheté, soon tru . . E. cinerea. ; +--+ Calyx RET BES a longer or shorter pedi- cel-like base ; So short, sessile or nearly so, usually branched already from the base. + es sa of calyx-limb distinct, up to $ a lin. Similar to ¥. cineret, the bra branchlets greyish . E. praecox. Branchlets brownish es sometimes corymb-like, slender, 4 . EB. cerasoides. ++ “Lobes of calyx-limb obsolete, the Sand. soon truncate. cal Branchlets brown, at least while young es 7" 4-cor- . EB. tetragona. balsa Branchlets white, terete ; panicles ‘cyme-like, . mad alsumea. x Leaves usually glossy, often “eying blackish o Srowitek, the lateral n nand vein- like, more or less atrowly Seiten -+- Calyx narrowed in a larger or shorter pedicel-like + Inflo rescence lateral from the older branchlets, neat a line long, almost sessile ; ramifications of panicle e sharply 4-cornered ; berries sim the size of a pea; branchlets bro ish E. fruticosa. a 2 lin. long, tapering in a thick pedicel-like. base; ramifica- tions of the panicle obsoletely 4-cornered ; berries ovoid- cong, 4 in. long ; branchlets white ae Jambolana, +t ae ey feet oti the same : . branch also axi ~ lets brown || Leaves pluntish acuminate to b Leaves thin coriaceous, the lateral nerves thin, but distinct petiole : 3 lin, long, slender . . EB. cymosa. Leaves firmly Cornet, the lateral nerves obsolete petiole thick, not above a line long « ee myrtifolia. il | tase long and sharply acuminate. Leaves almost chartaceous, pale-coloured beneath ; wen about 2 . 5 « + E. acuminatis- [sima. : A A ieeacida: white. : acuminate, almost chartaceous, elegantly trans- tig +f Calyx not or almost not contracted at the base, ves drying black or reddish, Eugenia. | MYRTACER. 479 + Branchlets white. Leaves magus i ; satya -lobes out a line long; ae 2 lin. long or longer; filaments 4-5 lin. long . . BE. rubens. Leaves of a diskes texture, the —— nerves strong and pro 3 nent ; calyx-lobes a petals shorter ; filaments a 3 lin. ing berries obovoi FE, Thumra, F | nehlets yod-brow | Habit oe former, but ane nerves thin ee" vein-like; berries al- most globular, the size of a large cherry . E, oblata. * * Calyx 2 usually with a circular or 4-angu ular intrastaminal the stam the a ring itself, t limb ‘conspicuously 4-lobed, per istent ; flowers often conspicuous, Berries usually Co ange, more Bese" - binate or ovoid, the nies thick, flesh: - rib Ries or solitary, — seacutbnates by i . OH cay pelea fruit spreading. x less sere A an in. long. eats lowers sessi : + Leaves penis coriaceous, glossy, lateral nerves thin, parallel. Flowers in term: and often also in axillary panicles. Leaves 5-6 in. long, blunt or nearly so; panicles corymb-like, pe- cled; berry obov oid-pear-shaped, about an “inch long . E. grandis. Leaves only 2-3 in. long, decurrent at base, bluntish apiculate . ZH. lepidocarpa. Leaves cuneate at aie; ; flowers in sessile reduced cluster-like bs? 8 5 ramifications very short and nae joint-like . . EB. pachyphyila, eaves coriaceou ee , lateral nerves curved and rie Leaves kaig-ptclot I Lois terminal, corymb ib-like” 3. - . E. tristis. ++ Flowers pedicell Leaves more or less char- cael he east nerves curv Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles ; calyx-base thick, pedi- cel-like, the true pedicel very short or ‘almost none . “ . EB. lanceefolia. rs in Flowe simple, slender, lateral, racemes; calyx-base i se mi pedicel-like ; cels filiform, long . BE Kurzit. pedi yx an inch long or longer. Leave lrg most sess essile, cordate or rounded at _— —— lateral and terminal . BE. formosa. O 50 Calysobes in fruit incurved or ‘inflexed. sessile or nearly so. Leaves pete or ticle at base, the petiole very short and thick ; . EB. macrocarpa. corymbs termin Leaves sessile with a cordate base, ‘plunt ; branchlets white, terete ; corymbs small, lateral . E. amplezicaulis, Leaves — acuminate at both ends; panicles cluster like re duced, EB. Malaccensis, late xX pti tray or spuriously pedi icelled. Lea’ horled by threes, narrow, obtuse at base. Leaves Hnear-ianosoat, almost sessile or very shortly petioled; * petals 4- oe See i A peopel. = + Leaves opposite : Leaves rounded at base. Fruits obversely i CO) ‘bi axy, W or loured. Branchl ered and often wingedly so, white or pale- : coloured ; leaves acumina inal nerve as ee as . the nerves themselves . E. aquea. Branchlets sae meri Jeaves blunts, the marginal ‘nerve : fant - Javanica. ° 480 MYRTACER. [ Lugenta. aS Leaves acute at base, narrow, ~~ Fruit almost globular or ovoid, dull-yellow . E. Jambos. * Calys smooth inside, pihaat a an adrarlaasaal thickened ring 3 flowers usually small, the limb often obsolete and turning truncate after flowering. Berries often small, globular to ovoid, more or less sappy, 1- rarely 2-seede . @) Calyx elongate, or shorter and in this case more or less obversely conical, . E. claviflora, Roxb—An evergreen tree (25—30+3—6 + sis), all parts sate glabrous ; “eaves lanceolate, acute at the base, on a short stout, or rather slender petiole 1-3 lin. long, acuminate, se coriaceous, 3-6 j in. long, glabrous, the midrib im- e, prominent beneath, the lateral nerves numerous, irre- gular, faint, Anastomosing towards the margin ; flowers variable in size, from 4 to Lin. long, sessile or nearly so, forming axillary, short, glabrous racemes + tiomoesame reduced or, according to Roxburgh’s figure, short-panicled with small bracts) in the axils of the leaves ; yx elongate, tubular, tapering at base, the limb 4- or 5-lobed, the lobes rounded and broad, but short; petals 4 or 5, free, white, orbicular-obovate, about 3 lin. lo ong ; filaments slender, glabrous berries ovoid-oblong, about an inch long, bluish black, sent sappy and edible, 1-seeded, crowned by the incurved calyx-limb. Has.—Not exvearent in the a coast forests of the Andamans; also Chittagong and Tenas —Fr. Feb.— 2. E. leptantha, Wight—An evergreen tree (25—30+6—8 + 3—4), all parts g glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both “ends, on a 1-2 lin. long petiole or almost sessile, thin coriaceous, entire, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, the midrib r small, about $ to 4 in. long, sessile, with a filiform -base, forming a short, glabrous raceme (sometimes reduced, or the banal flowers ternary on a very short peduncle) in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; calyx smooth, clavate- funnel-shaped, about 4 in. long or somewhat filiform-tapering at the base, the limb almost truncate; petals 4 or 5, orbicular, clawed, about a line long or longer, free; filaments glabrous ; berries clav- ate-obovate, about 4 in. long, smooth, l-seeded, crowned by the tempcate cup-shaped limb. __ Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests along the eastern and southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah; ae ss. “and more soe eee in the coast of th the Andamans.—Fl. F May.— grata, Walleedn evergreen small Kahn parts glab- ovate-oblong and lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate Eugenia. | MYRTACEE. 481 on a 1-2 lin. long petiole, acute or obtuse at the base, bluntish acuminate, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, entire, glabrous, somewhat glaucous and opaque beneath, the midrib impressed above and pro- minent beneath, the lateral nerves unequal, faint, anastomosing to- wards the margin ; flowers rather small, white, sessile, with a pedi- cel-like calyx-base, usually by 3-7, forming a brachiate glabrous panicle in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; calyx smooth, in a dried state longitudinally folded-wrinkled, about } in. long, contracted in a short pedicel-like stalk, the 5 lobes broad and narrow, rounded or somewhat acute; petals 5, almost orbicular, about a line long; filaments slender, glabrous ; berries ovoid, ellip- tical, the size of a pea, smooth, blackish (?), somewhat pruinous, crowned by the-short calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently frequent.—Fl. Jan.-March. beneath somewhat pale-coloured, the midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves numerous, rather parallel, very faint, anastomosing tow the margin ; flowers white, ses- sile, wit pedicel-like calyx-base, usually ternary and forming a rigid brachiate glabrous panicle in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the branchlets; calyx obovate-cuneate, at the base pedicel-like contracted, usually granular-tubercled, pruinous, about 2 lin. long, the 4 or 5 lobes small and rounded ; petals 4 or 5, almost orbicular, about a line long, free; filaments long and slender, glabrous; berries globular, white, the size of a pepper- kernel or very small pea, crowned by the lobed calyx-limb, sappy, 1-seeded (?). Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans; also in Tenasserim.—Fl. May-June.—s.—SS.=SiS. Chloritic rocks. 5. E. contracta, Wall.—An evergreen small shrub, 2-4 ft. high, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves linear to linear-oblong, acuminate at the base, on a rather strong petiole 1-2 lin. long, bluntish or bluntish acuminate, entire, thin chartaceous, 2-3 in. long, glabrous, the midrib somewhat impressed above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves and the confluent copious net-veination faint, but prominent, anasto- mosing towards the margin ; flowers small, white, by 3-5, sessile with a narrow calyx-base, forming a glabrous, brachiate, stiff, corymb-like panicle at the end of the branchlets and occasionally in the axils of the leaves; calyx tubular-funnel-shaped, about 2 lin. long or a little longer, smooth, the limb widened, almost truncate, the 4 lobes 26 . 482 MYRTACER. [ Eugenia, forming only a narrow margin; petals 4, orbicular, free but calyp- trate, deciduous; filaments slender, glabrous ; berries unknown. Has.—Frequent in the stony or rocky beds of choungs in tropical forests from Martaban east of Tounghoo down to Tenasserim.—Fl. March-Apr.—l.—SS. ==Metam. RemarKs.—Wood rather heavy, of a somewhat unequal fibre, but close- grained, yellowish white turning pale-brownish, rather soft. 6. E. bracteolata, Wight.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, the branchlets greyish; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, acute or acuminate at the base, on a 2-4 lin. long petiole, bluntish or blunt- apiculate, 3-5 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, the midrib not impressed above, prominent beneath, the lateral nerves very thin and numerous, parallel, anastomosing near the margin ; flowers small, white, sessile, usually by 3 or more, forming a brachiate, shorter or longer peduncled, glabrous, corymbose panicle, the ramifications sharply 4-gonous; bracts and bractlets small, but dis- tinct, ovate, acute, thick coriaceous ; calyx about.a line long ora little longer, obversely conical, the limb 4-lobed, lobes broadly rotundate ; filaments rather short, but slender, glabrous; petals 4, calyptrately deciduous ; unripe berry oblong, smooth, crowned by the 4-lobed ineurved calyx-limb, 1-seeded. : Hap.—Tenasserim. OO Calyx hemispherical to funnel-shaped, sessile or pedicel- like contracted at the base. 7. E. operculata, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl. 234 (2. nervosa, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 106, not DC.).—Tea-thaby-ay.—An evergreen tree (30— 50+ 5—15 + 3—6), all parts glabrous; leaves variable, from ovate- oblong to elliptical and elliptically obovate, acute at the base, on a 3-3 in, long petiole, bluntish apiculate to bluntish and shortly acuminate, 4-7 in. long, chartaceous, entire, glabrous, the numerous nerves thin but prominent, pretty regular and rather close, anastomosing towards the margin, the net-vyeination thin and lax; flowers small, white, sessile, clustered by 3 or more and forming a brachiate, shorter or longer peduncled, glabrous panicle above the scars of the fallen leaves ; calyx cyathiform, funnel-shaped, narrowed at the base, 13-2 lin. long, smooth, the limb truncate ; petals 4, concave-orbicular, about a line long or somewhat longer, free ; filaments rather short, glabrous ; berries more or less globular, the size of a pea, sappy, purplish- black, crowned by the cup-shaped calyx-limb, usually 1-seeded. ____-Var. 1. operculata (Z. operculata, Roxb.): flowers more than 3 _ together ; panicle longer peduncled, the extreme ramifications very ‘short ; leaves more acuminate. Var. 2. obovata (E. obovata, Wall.): leaves more obovate, more Hugenia. | MYRTACER, 483 or less apiculate; panicles very — peduncled or almost: sessile, more lax ; flowers usually by thre Has.—Var 1: not unfrequent in a swamp forests of Pegu, Martaban, and Upper Tenaserim ; var. 2: Burma, probably Ava—Fl. May.—SS.—=All.. Metam. 8. E, Paniala, Roxb.—An evergreen large tree, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to broadly or obovate-lanceolate cuneate- acuminate at the base and decurrent on the short } to 4 in. lone petiole, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, entire, thick characenrte glabrous, s, the lateral nerves copious, thin but prominent, rather regular, limb obsoletely and sees 2 4.-toothed, aie 4, about a ie long, orbicular, free ; filaments rather ee pn Bg ; berries pictag oxburgh) about the size of a small ITy and very j Has Ortaca —Fl. Apr.; Fr. June. . E. cinerea, Wall—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, the Tisnihfet terete or nearly so, whitish ; leaves broadly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, cuneate-acuminate at the pane on a 3-32 in. long petiole, bluntish acuminate, 3-5 in. long, entire, pergamaceous, glabrous, opaque, more or less pale-coloured pdeeth the lateral nerves thin, but prominent, rather distant, somewhat arched, anas- tomosing towards the margin, with very Saint or obsolete net- veination between ; flowers small, white, sessile, clustered usually by 3, forming a brachiate, sessile, from the base divided or pedun- cled, "glabrous panicle arising from the end of the older branchlets or laterally from the base of the young shoots ; calyx about a line long, smooth, obversely conical, the limb shallowly and obsoletely lobed and soon turning truncate ; potels 4, orbicular, h line long, calyptrately deciduons (?) ; berries globular, the size of a A sma sappy, purplish black Sabre crowned by the minute calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Has.—Very rare in the tropical forests of the southern of the Pi aa) gears fro a Maas down to Mergui. ar ar es sg a 3 Sis. small, white, sessile, with a narrow rg iecleltke siechies: usually =s , forming rather short, brachiate, glabrous panicles, which are 484 MYRTACER, [ Bugenia. simple and peduncled or sessile and branched from the base, and arise rom above the scars of the fallen leaves and from the axils of the leaves ; calyx about a line long, hemispherical, narrowed in a pedicel- like base of the length of the calyx itself, smooth, the limb distinctly 4-lobed, the lobes rounded, nearly 4 lin. long; petals 4, obovate- orbicular, somewhat longer than a line, free ; filaments very long and slender, glabrous.—(Description after Roxburgh’s MS. draw- ing. Has.—Hilly parts of Chittagong.—Fl. January. ll. E. tetragona, Wight.— An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, the branchlets brown, 4-cornered (the young shoots often i y so), the older ones turning more or less terete; leaves , elliptically oblong to obovate-oblong, acute to cuneate at the base, on a strong $ to 4 in. long petiole, entire, coriaceous, 3 to 6 in. long, blunt-apiculate or shortly and bluntish acuminate, glaucescent and opaque beneath, the lateral nerves thin but prominent, rather distant, anastomosing along the margin; flowers small, white, sessile with a narrowed calyx-base, usually by threes, forming stiff, short, brachiate, glabrous, sessile panicles branched already from the base, solitary or several together arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves or rarely axillary ; calyx smooth, hemispherical, about a line long, with a thick pedicel-like contracted base nearly as long, the limb obsoletely and broadly toothed and truncate; petals 4, orbicular-concave, free (?); filaments short, glabrous ; berry globular, the size of a pea, smooth, 1-seeded. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—FI. Nov.-Jan. 12. E, cerasoides, Roxb.—Thabyay-chin.—An evergreen tree - (40—60—18—30 + 5—8), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets brownish ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly and almost obovate- lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base, on a short 2 to 3 lin. long petiole, bluntish acuminate or apiculate, 2-34 in. long, entire, thick ¢ seous, glabrous, the lateral nerves thin but prominent, rather distant but irregularly curved, arcuately anastomosing ; flowers small, white, sessile, with a narrow pedicel-like calyx-base, usually by threes, forming brachiate, rather slender, glabrous, sometimes corymb-like racemes arising solitary or by 2 or even 3 from above the scars of the fallen leaves along the older branches below the leafy terminal branchlets ; calyx hardly a line long, hemispherical, smooth, contracted in a short pedicel-like base, the limb distinctly ___ 4-lobed, the lobes broadly rotundate, small; filaments slender but rather short, glabrous ; berries globular, the size of a large pea Or _ mall cherry, purplish black, smooth, sappy, erowned by the m- lute 4-lobed calyx-limb, 1-seeded. .B.—Chittagong ; Tenasserim as far south as Mergui. Eugenia. | MYRTACER. 485 E. balsamea, Wight.—An evergreen tree, all parts glab- — — branchlets white ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceo- late, cuneate or acuminate at the base, on a 2- - long petiole, bluntish or bluntish apiculate, chartaceous, entire, 3-5 in. long, glabrous, pale green on both sides, the lateral nerves rather distant, thin but prominent, almost curved and anastomosing towards the margin; flowers small, white, sessile, with a slender, abruptly con- tracted, pedicel-like calyx- base of about a line length, usually by 3 (the middle” one often sessile) , forming small, slender, brachiate, rous, co e panicles usually arising by 2-3 above the scars of the fallen Soave or in the leaf-axils themselves ; calyx cyathiform, smooth, hardly a line deep, abruptly contracted in the pedicel-like avate base; limb minutely 4-toothed, soon turning truncate ; petals 4; filaments rather short, glabrous ; berries (unripe) globular, smooth, ‘crowned by the truncate ¢ cup-shaped calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Has.— Burma (according Dr. Mason) ; probably to be found in the Arracan ‘or Ava hills. 14. E. fruticosa, Roxb. — Thabyay-nee.—An evergreen tree ee all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets brown ; bark grey, 1 in. thick, minutely fissured, conchoidly peeling off ; cut brown ; nonin elliptically oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a 4-4 in. long petiole, bluntish or apiculate, 2-3 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous, the midrib impress above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves very numerous, faint, irregularly parallel, anastomosing towards the margin; flowers small, white, sessile, clustered by 3 or usually more, forming a brachiate, rigid, glabrous panicle arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves along the older branches below the leafy shoots ; calyx obversely conical, sessile, smooth, about a line long, the limb truncate ; petals 4, usually calyptrately deciduous ; filaments slender, glabrous ; berries ovoid, the size of a sma le smooth, bluish black, crowned by the truncate cup-like calyx-limb, 1 ed. Has.—Frequent in the open, especially the Eng forests, along the eastern als of t he P egu Yoma oe Aa) ame lcabas down to Ten a asserim ; also et = ee Fr. Psi it —l. Sama —Wood hard, heavy, brown. ’ 15. E. Jambolana, Lamk.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. eet Brand. For. Fl 233, t. 30.—Thabyay- hpyoo. —An evergreen tree *(60—80 +18—30+5—12), often shedding leaves in the drier parts of Burma during H.S., all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets white ; bark grey, about an inch thick, fibrous, and peeling off in small rounded flakes; cut red; leaves elliptically yar to broadly = obovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base, on in. long petiole, bluntish acuminate, entire, thin coriaceous, 486 MYRTACER. [ Eugenia. 2-4 in. long, glabrous, the midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves all very numerous and very faint, irregularly parallel and anastomosing along the margin; flowers small, whitish, sessile, with a thick pedicel-like calyx-base, usually by 3 or more clustered and forming a brachiate, glabrous, rigid panicle above the scars of the fallen leaves below the younger leafy branch- lets; calyx funnel-shaped, about 2 lin. long, smooth, the thick base pedicel-like; limb obsoletely and broadly 4-lobed, soon trun- cate ; petals 4, orbicular, about a line long, calyptrately deciduous or free; filaments long, glabrous ; berries ovoid-oblong, often some- what oblique, about 4 in long, purplish black, sappy, smooth, crowned by the truncate pag: A 1-seeded. Hazs.—Frequent all over Burma in all kinds of leaf-shedding oe = chiefly i in the mixed forests, entering ae the tropical agin: up to eee —Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. May-June 1—ss.= ood heavy, hard, HEE close- cok but brittle. Bark, like t that o of oan other rast of this genus, good for tanning purposes. 16. E. cymosa, Lamk.—An evergreen shrub, 4-6 ft. high or higher, and growing out into a little tree, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets brown, almost terete; leaves from elliptical to elliptically-oblong and broadly a olate, on a slender 1 to 2 lin. long petiole, acute at the base, bluntish ‘cuspidate-acuminate, 14 to 24 in. long, thin coriaceous, err glossy, glabrous, in a dried state fuscous-black, the midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, the lateral nerves very faint, numerous oe approximate, parallel, “egies along the margin; flowers small, white, sessile, with a tracted. short sedan. like calyx-base, often by 3, forming a Peotealery eorymb-like, glabrous panicle in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets, the ramifications obso- letely 4-cornered ; calyx cyathiform, about a line long, tapering in a pedicel-like base; limb wide, almost truncate, the 4 lobes obsolete, repand ; petals 4, orbicular, free ; filaments slender, glab- rous ; berries almost globular or didymous, the size of a pea, sappy, bluish black, crowned by the cup-shaped calyx-limb, 1- or 2- Haz.—Southern Tenasserim.—Fl. Nov. ° petiole, bluntish, ; Beataipiedlets or bluntish acusihante; 1- 2 in. long, thin but ut rigidly coriaceous, entire, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, the midrib impressed above and slightly prominent be- _ lateral nerves almost invisible ; all, white, icel-like calyx-base (the lower ones often Eugenia, | MYRTACER. 487 spuriously jointed-pedicelled), forming a brachiate, more or less me-like, stiff, glabrous panicle in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; calyx nearly 14 line long, bell- haped, shortly and pedicel-like contracted at the base, smooth, the limb almost truncate, with 4 minute broad teeth ; petals 4, orbicu- lar, about a line each way, free, but calyptrately deciduous ; filaments slender, glabrous; berries globular, the size of a pea, sappy, bluish’ black, smooth, crowned by the cup-shaped truncate calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Has.—Tenasserim, Moulmein district. 18. E. acuminatissima, Kz—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, long caudate-acuminate, 24-34 in. 1 smooth, about a line long, the limb almost truncate; petals 5-6, free, minute ; filaments very short, glabrous ; anthers didymous. Has.—Tenasserim or . 19. E. venusta, Roxb.—Thabyay-kha.— An evergreen tree (50—70 + 20—25+6—8), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets the size of a small pea, sappy, bluish black, crowned by the trun- cate cup-shaped calyx-limb, l-seeded. - -Hasz.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo ; also Chittagong, Tipperah hills.—Fl. March-Apr.—s.—SS,=Metam. - Remarxs.—Sap-wood pale-coloured ; heart-wood brownish. 488 MYRTACER. [ Eugenia. 20. KE, rubens, Roxb.—An evergreen large tree, all parts glab- rous, the branchlets white; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a strong 2-3 lin. long petiole, bluntish acu- minate, 4-6 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, in drying turn- ing black above and reddish beneath, the lateral nerves thin, but prominent, rather copious, parallel, with faint net-veination, anas- tomosing near the margin; flowers rather small, white, sessile, with e, and from the base branched or short-peduncled, glabrous, corymbose panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx obconiecally Has.—Forests of Chittagong; Tenasserim, from Moulmein down to Mer- gui.—Fl. Feb.-Apr. ; Fr. begin. of R.S. 21. E. Thumra, tree (40—50 + 15—20+4—6), all parts glabrous, the branchlets grey ; bark roughish, grey, 4 in. thick ; cut brown, dryish ; leaves ellipti- in a $ lin. long stalk or sessile, the size of a cherry, glabrous, erowned by the truncate cup-shaped calyx-limb, 1-seeded, the peri- carp corky-fleshy. _, Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and more so in those of Martaban down to Tenasserim, especially in marshy or inundated places along streams.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.=Metam. ____ Brmarxs.—Wood heavy, red-brown, close-grained, and rather hard. 22. E. oblata, Roxh.— Thabya -nee.—An evergreen tree (40— -12—20+4—8), all parts glabrous, the branchlets red-brown ; 3 oblong to elliptically-oblong, acute at the base, on a 2-3 lin. Eugenia. | MYRTACER. 489 long petiole, rather abruptly pluntish acuminate, 3-5 in. long, thin coriaceous, entire, glabrous, turning fuscous in drying, opaque slender, glabrous; berries almost globular, broader than long, the size of a large cherry, smooth, purplish black, crowned by the small cup-shaped or occasionally incurvedly lobed calyx-limb, 1 the pericarp rather thick, corky-fleshy. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests, especially along marshy choungs, a Martaban down to Tenasserim.— Fl. March-May ; Fr. June-Aug.—s.—SS.= am. 2 * * Calyx usually with a circular or 4-angular intrastaminal ring, or the stamens on the thickened ring itself, the limb cuous. Berries usually large, more or less turbimate or ovoid, the endocarp thick and fleshy. Seeds large, few or solitary, and usually accompanied by abortive ones. O Calyx-lobes in fruit spreading. 23. E. dis, Wight; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 107.—Toung- thabyay, or thabyay-kyee.—An evergreen tree (50—60 + 18—244 4—6), all parts glabrous; branchlets red-brown ; leaves more or less _ broadly to ovate-elliptical, acute or blunt at the base, on a strong petiole about 4 in. long, bluntish apiculate or rarely shortly bluntish acuminate, entire, firmly coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, 4-6 in. long, the lateral nerves thin but prominent, rather numerous, parallel and slightly curved, anastomosing towards the margin, y veined between; flowers middling sized, white, sessile, with a contracted calyx-base, clustered by 3 or more, forming robust and rather short, glabrous, brachiate, corymbose panicles either solitary or often by in the axils of the upper leaves and terminal; calyx smooth, about 3 lin. long or longer, hemispherical, with a contracted, thick, pedicel-like, 14-2 lin. long base, the limb 4-lobed, 2 of the lobes petal-like, concave-orbicular, about 2 lin. long, the alternating 2 very short, rounded ; petals 4, coneave-orbicular, as large as the larger calyx-lobes or somewhat longer; filaments long, glabrous ; berries obovoid-pear-shaped, about an inch long or somewhat longer, smooth, crowned by the cup-sha o x F and i 490 MYRTACER. es [ Eugenia. Var. 2. lepidocarpa (#. lepidocarpa, Wall.): leaves doubly smaller, more decurrent at the base, more oboval, the lateral nerves anastomosing nearer to the margin, usually fuscous-blackish be- neath. Has.—Frequent in the tropical, and occasionally in the moister upper mixed forests of the Pezu Yomah, Martaban, and Tenasserim ; var. 2: in the Eng forests of Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Feb. ; Fr. Apr.—s.—SS.=SiS. Metam. Remarxs.—Wood heavy, brown, hard and brittle, close-grained. 4. KE. pachyphylla, K the branchlets white; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, more or less cuneate-acuminate at the base, on a strong petiole 3-4 lin. long, or by threes, sessile, forming a very short, thick, trichotomous panicle at the end of the branchlets, the peduncle and the ramifica- tions very short (}-1 in. long), very thick and joint-like, 4-gonous ; calyx about 4 lin. long, obconical, tapering at the base, smooth, the limb 4-lobed, the lobes about 2 lin. long, rounded, persistent ; petals, ete., unknown. Has.—Upper Tenasserim, Bithoko range, at 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Apr. 25. K, tristis, Kz—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous, the branchlets terete, thick, pale brown; leaves elliptical to ellipti- cally obovate, acute at the base, ona thick petiole 4-2 in. long, blunt-apiculate, coriaceous, entire, 4-5 in. long, glabrous, opaque, - the lateral nerves rather strong and prominent, rather distant and somewhat irregular with intervening longitudinal thin veins and rather lax net-veination ; flowers unknown ; panicle corymb-like, sessile, terminal, glabrous, the ramifications rather short and robust ; berries on a thick 1-2 lin. long peduncle, depressed-globose, the size _ of a cherry, glabrous, crowned by the disk-like spreadingly 4- lobed calyx-limb, 2- or 1-seeded, the endocarp thin, fleshy ; calyx- lobes in fruit about 14 lin. long, rounded. Hazs.—In the Eng forests of Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr. and areuately anastomosing, laxly and transversely veined ; cher icel-like calyx-base, > : i h ¥ ota brs 2 5). 820 ey 1) Re Eugenia. | MYRTACER, 491 sessile or almost sessile panicle in the axils of the leaves or oe their scars; calyx about 2 lin. long, smooth, contracted ina thick pedi- ceel-like 13 lin. long base, the limb 4- lobed, the lobes about 4 lin. long, rounded; petals 4, concave-rounded, ‘free, nearly 2 lin. lone; filaments very lo ong, glabrou us ; berries ovoid- oblong , about $ an in. long, bluish black, smooth, crowned by the 4-lobed inflexed calyx- b, 1-seeded. Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. Nov.; Fr. Feb. 27. BK. Kurzii, Duthie (7. cerasiflora, Kz.).—An evergreen tre (90—100 + 50—60 + 8—10), all parts "apt the ie 2 whitish, compressed-terete; bark about . thick, whitish grey, minate or acute at the base, on an }-2 in. long petiole, bluntish acuminate or sometimes blunt-apiculate, 4-7 in. long, entire, ~~ taceous, glabrous, opaque, pale-coloured beneath, the lateral nerv rather numerous, but irregularly parallel, often ‘somewhat pa thin, Lut prominent, anastomosing towards the margin, the trans- verse veination thin and obsolete ; ; flowers rather small, white, on slender 2-4 lin. long pedicels, forming a short, but slender, glabrous, simple raceme arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves and also often from the leaf-axils themselves ; 3 proper calyx about 8 lin. long or a little eae genase: Sor oaes eH and narrowed in a more 2 of them somewhat smaller ; oat about 4 in. long, concave- orbicular, free ; filaments long, slender; berries sealers ocea- sionally somewhat didymous-globular, the size of a pea racted into a long slender stalk, smooth, crowned with the diskoid gore ingly lobed calyx-limb, 1-2 -seeded. Has.—Not rare in be, tropical forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo. Vi. March.—s.—SS.—=Met Remarxs.— Wood ee. brown, hard, unequally fibrous. 8. E. albiflora, Duthie——An evergreen tree, all parts quite nce. the branchlets grey ; leaves elliptical to obovate, acuminate at both ends, narrowed into a rather strong petiole abot 3-4 lin. long, coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, the lateral nerves irregular, arcuate and little etsy the net-veination lax and thin ; flowers white, usually by threes, on slender pedicels 2-3 lin. long and sometimes elongated to 4 in. in length, forming a corymb-like, axillary, hosailes eras panicle slenderly branched from the base and much shorter the leaves ; calyx clavate-narrowed in a stalk, about 2 lin. long — or somewhat longer, the teeth conspicuous, lin. | long, oval, bluntish.. Has.—Burma, probably Ava. 492 MYRTACER. [ Hugenia. 29. E, formosa, Wall—An evergreen large tree, all parts glab- rous, the branchlets almost terete, pale-coloured; leaves usually large, ovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or almost cordate at the base, on a strong and very short petiole or aliteat sessile (the upper ones — whorls by threes), 4 to 14 feet long, acuminate, Hoye flowers large, pale rose-coloured, solitary or by thes on a $-} in. long pedicel, narrowly 2-bracteolate at the apex, forming a short, simple or corymb-like, glabrous raceme at the end of the branchlets or ane laterally from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; calyx about 3 to ? in. long, smooth, clavate-turbinate, the limb 4-lobed, persistent, the lobes broad, rounded, 2 of them much larger, about 4 an in. broad by 4 lin. long; petals about 4 an in. long, almost orbicular, free ; filaments very long, pete berries the size of a small apple, almost globose, contracted in a very short stalk at the base, white, smooth and glossy, crowned by the spread- ing calyx-lobes, 2-celled, with a large seed in each cell, the endocarp _ rather thin, insipid-fleshy. Has.—In the tropical forests of Chittagong and Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Fr. March. ReMaRxKs.—Wood heavy, uniformly brown, close-grained, takes a fine polish. OO Calyx-lobes in fruit incurved or inflexed. mate, much narrowed at the base, pe Gin a dried state almos Giaske oF ct, the persistent limb 4-lobed, the lobes semi-orbicular, pert _ 2 of them a little larger and nearly 4 in. long; petals 4, free, ad an inch broad, reniform-orbicular, with a v ery broad hens ; fila- ments long and slender, glabrous ; berries the size of an orange, peobore,, smooth, brown, several-seeded, crowned by the. lyx age the Seen. rather aes fleshy, edible. ‘eae Eugenia. | MYRTACER. 493 AB.—Frequent along choungs in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the peat Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 2,000 feet elevation,— Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. Aug.—s.—SS. am. SiS. REMARKS Wool rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, pale brown. 31. E. amplexicaulis, Roxb.—An evergreen haegeons tree, with a tolerably straight trunk soon dividing, all parts glabrous ; bark of woody parts brown; leaves oval-oblong, almost stem-clasp- ing, rounded at both ends, firm and glossy, 6 to 8 in. long by 3-4 broad, the lateral nerves rather distant, not numerous, curved and arcuately anastomosing towards the margin; flowers large, white, sessile with a contracted calyx-base, by threes, on a very short peduncle, forming a short, eel, Sade corymb laterally arising from persistent, the lobes rounded, 2 of them larger and about 3 lin. long; petals 4, free, obovate-orbicular, nearly } an in. long ; fila- - ments long and slender, glabrous; berry globular, the size of a small apple, greenish yellow when. ripe, crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes, 1- or 2-seeded, the endocarp soft and rather spongy.— (Descript. from Roxburgh’s Fl. Ind. and his MS. drawings.) Has.—Chittagong. L.—Thabyoo-thabyay.—An evergreen tree, = 32. E. ccensis, 30 to 40 ft. high, all parts glabrous, the branchlets compressed- terete, pale-brown; leaves oblong-lanceolate to almost obovate- lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a $ to 3 in. long, strong petiole, acuminate, 6-8 in. long, chartaceous, entire, glabrous, opaque, the lateral nerves rather numerous, thin but prominent, irregularly parallel and almost curved, anastomosing towards the margin, indistinctly and laxly net-veined between ; flowers large, purple, sessile, on a ee shortened peduncle and appeari ng almos clustered ; calyx about } an in. long, clavate-turbinate, smooth, narrowed at the base, the persistent limb 4-lobed, the lobes semi- ae the 2 larger ones about 3 lin. broad or somewhat broader ; petals 4, free, almost reniform-orbicular with a broad base, about in. long; berries about the size of a hen’s egg, prcapreses ovoid- turbinate to ees smooth and glossy, from pale rose- coloured to dark purple, crowned by the folecar calyx-lobes, usually ]-seeded, the endocarp thick and fleshy, edible. Has.—Cultivated in native gardens of Tenasserim.—F. H.S. 3 3. E. polypetala, Wall—An evergreen tree (20—30+4—6+4 oy, all aide glabrous, the branchlets whitish and scared ; leaves eaten inet by 3 or 4, or opposite or nearly so, linear to linear- , acuminate te or obtuse at the base, on a thick “hardly a t — 494 MYRTACER. [ Bugenia. line long petiole, 3-4 in. long, bluntish acuminate, entire, glabrous, thin coriaceous, opaque, the lateral nerves thin but prominent, rather distant, anastomosing towards the margin, thinly veined between ; flowers rather large, white, on slender 3-14 in. lone at the apex minutely 2-bracteoled pedicels, forming a simple corymb or a short, glabrous, short-peduncled, corymb-like raceme arisin solitary from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; calyx obconically turbinate, about 4 in. long, smooth, clavate-contracted at the base, the limb 4-lobed, the lobes persistent, 2 of them very much larger and broader, about 2 lin. long by 4 broad, rounded; petals 4-16, broader than long, free ; filaments long and slender, glabrous. Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. June and July. 34. EK. aquea, Burm.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 109.—An evergreen tree (20—30 +10—12+4+2—8), all parts glabrous, the branchlets white or pale-coloured, sharply and often wingedly 4-angular or branches or occasionally in the axils of the leaves; calyx about 4-3 in. long, turbinate-clavate, smooth, the limb 4-lobed, the lobes persistent, twice as broad as long, blunt, 2 of them larger, about 5 lin. broad ; petals 4, broader than long, rounded, free; filaments long and slender, glabrous ; berries depressed -turbinate - pear- shaped, smooth and glossy, pale rose-coloured or white, the size of a wood-apple, 1-4-seeded, with several abortive seeds, crowned by the inflexed carnescent calyx-lobes, the endocarp spongy-fleshy, thick, edible. Has.—A ntly only cultivated all over Burma from Chittagong and Martaban bac eanentin sai l. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June. Spr 35. E. Javanica, Lamk.—An evergreen tree (25—30+10—12 +3—4), all parts glabrous, the branchlets terete and brown ; leaves — _ from ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, rounded to almost cordate at the base, on a short petiole up to a line long or almost sessile, bluntish to bluntish acuminate, 4-6 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, ous, the lateral nerves thin and rather faint, rather copious what irregularly parallel, faintly anastomosing towards Barringtonia. } MYRTACER. 495 the margin ; flowers large, white, either solitary on a slender bolas cle or usually by 2 or 3, sessile, with a pedicel-like base o shortly jointed- pedicelled, forming a lax, rather short, Paice often corymb-like raceme at the end of the branches or laterall from above the scars of the fallen leaves; calyx clavate-turbinate, narrowed into a short pedicel-like base, smooth, about 3-4 in. long, the limb persistently 4-lobed, the lobes broader than long, rounded, 2 of them somewhat larger ‘and about 3 lin. broad ; petals 4, free, obovate-orbicular, about $ in. long or longer ; filaments long and slender, glabrous ; berries depressed-turbinate, contracted in a ve short stalk, the size of a cherry to that of a wood-apple, white, glossy and. smooth, crowned by the carnescent incurved calyx- lobes, usually 1- or few-seeded, the endocarp spongy-fleshy, thick, edible. Has.—Frequent in the evergreen age of the Andamans.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June.—s.—S.S. = Aren 36. E. Jambos, L.; Brand. For. FI. 938: Na evergreen tree (20—30 +4 38—5 + 3—4), all parts glabrous, the branchlets more or less 4-cornered, pale brown ; leaves lanceolate, acute at the base, on a strong petiole 2-3 lin. lone, bluntish and rather long acuminate, 4-6 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves thin but pro- minent, rather copious and irregularly parallel, laxly and thinly net-veined between ; flowers large, white, on about 4 in. long or somewhat shorter pedicels , forming a short, glabrous, simple corymb- like raceme at the end of the branchlets ; “calyx about 4 an in. long or longer, clavate-turbinate, smooth, clavately narrowed at the base, the limb 4-lobed, the lobes almost equal, broad, rounded, about 2-3 lin. long, persistent; petals 4, obovate-orbicular, about 4 an in. long, free; filaments very long, glabrous; berries almost globular or ovoid, dull yellow, smooth, thick-fleshy, edible, crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes, 1- or 2- seeded. Has.—Frequently cultivated in native gardens all over Burma.—Fl. May- July ; Fr. CS. BARRINGTONIA, Forst. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, not or hardly produced beyond the ovary, the limb valvately rupturing into 2-4 lobes, or 3-4- (very rarely 5-) cleft, with the lobes imbricate in bud. Petals 4, rarely 5, at the base adnate to the staminal cup. oe indefinite, in several rows, at the base united in a cup or ring, anthers; filaments filiform; anthers versatile or almost basifix. Disk annular. Ovary inferior, 2-4-celled, with 2 to 8 areata or horizontal superposed ovules in each cell a in 2 style filiform with a small stigma. Berry fibrous-fleshy, terete or angular, crowned by the calyx-limb, by abortion usually l-seeded. 496 MYRTACEZ. [ Barringtonia. Embryo thick and fleshy, ~~ —— of a woody rind a nd a medullary stratum.—Trees rnate, penninerved, not dotted leaves. Flowers usually ruber in terminal or lateral racemes or spikes. Bracts Mes deciduous, usually small. * brs an Pe losed, —— valvately rupturing in 2-4 Flowers pedice “Fruit gee pe angular. yee about 3 n diameter or larger, in corymb-like, short, ect cen eur ves entire, sessile . B. speciosa. Flowers about a n diameter, in long, slender, pendulous ra- cemes ; inion crenulate, very short] . racemosa. x X Fru YY petio it cen se pyr ams with short wing- -like appendages aslo Leaves crenulate ; racemes zathe . B. conoidea. in the l oe imbricate. lower pedicelled ; rachis of raceme slender ; ; fruits sharply 4-cornered. Saeteons or slightly pubescent ; flowers red, rather small; leaves enulate, short petio xX X Flowers — the Packie of the spike very thick and almo. st fles a Cote winged ; fruits narrowly winged the corner: - B. acutangula, Leaves blunt or acute at the base, “not ——— calyx-lobes reunded, 2 lin. long s - . - B. augusta. —— long- decurrent and acuminate at e base ‘ealyx-lo angular-ovate, aE ge r less acute, aot 3 lin. Ion. . B. pterocarpa. Calyx-tube not winged fraite mhiven ). eaves entire, elongate, long-petioled B. macrostachya, ent s elongate, long-petioled ; flowers ‘pedicelled ; calyx terete a pendula, 1. B. speciosa, L.f.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 112.—Kyée-hyee—An evergreen tree (30—50 + 6—15 + 4—8), all parts glabrous; leaves large, obovate-cuneate, weusile, with a narrowed rounded base, blunt to almost retuse, 1-2 ft. long, thick membranous or thin coriaceous, entire, glabrous ‘and glossy ; flowers sete So up to 3 in. in diamete ter, white, on a 1-2 in. long pedi Has.—Frequent along the sea-shore of the er 2. B. racemosa, DC.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 112.—Kyee-pen.— An evergreen tree (40—50 4+ 20—25-44—5) , all parts em: ; leaves more or less cuneate-oblong to cuneate-lanceolate, roun tuse at the narrowed base, on a short petiole 2-3 lin. long, shortly acu- late, — chartaceous 8 in. long, glabrous; flowers con- is, white or pale rose-coloured, on slender 2 to 3 lin. long ing a long, pendulous, quite eoheae. sieneee raceme PREECE pg ii hae Barringtonia. | MYRTACER, AQT arising laterally from the end of the branchlets; calyx-tube tur- binate, obsoletely 4-angular, quite smooth, the limb valvately rup- turing into 2 or 3 concave, blunt, smooth lobes more than 4 in. long; petals ovate-oblong; fruit fibrous-fleshy, ovoid-oblong, 4- cornered, about 14 in. long, crowned by the calyx-limb, 1-seeded. Haxs.—Frequent in the evergreen coast forests of the Andamans.—F. Apr. ; Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.=SiS. Chloritic rocks, ete. 1-2 lin. long petiole, 6-8 in. long, crenate-serrulate, chartaceous on a short puberulous or glabrous petiole 1-2 lin. long, apiculate or blunt to rounded at the apex, crenate-serrulate, chartaceous, 2-3 in. crowned by the small calyx-limb, 1-seeded. - Has.—Common in the mixed, especially the lower and savannah, and swamp forests all over from Chi mg and Ava down to Tenasserim ; prefers swampy localities. —Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. June and July.—1xs.—SS.=SiS. All, _Remarxs.—Wood red-brown, hard, fine-grained, used in constructing carts ; 2H 498 MYRTACER. [ Barringtoma. 5. B. pterocarpa, Kz.—Kye-tha.—Anevergreen tree (30—50 +12—20+4—6), all parts glabrous; leaves elongate ovate-lanceo- late, long cuneate-acuminate at the base and decurrent on the longer (up to 4 in. long) or shorter petiole, shortly acuminate, 1-14 t. long, erenulate-serrate towards the apex, thin coriaceous, glab- rous; flowers conspicuous, white or rose-coloured (the filaments white), sessile, forming a very long, pendulous, thick-spindled, pul- verulent spike at the end of the branchlets furnished at the base with reduced lanceolate crowded floral leaves; calyx velvety, the tube about a line long or longer, wingedly 4-cornered, the limb 4. cleft, the lobes triangular-ovate, acute or bluntish, more than 3 lin. long; petals 3 m. long, ovate-oblong, acute ; fruits oblong, fibrous- ap Ys about. 2 in. long, 4-cornered, the angles narrowly and thick- Has.—Not unfrequent in the —_— forests of the eastern — s ~_ Pegu Yomah, and more so in those of Martaban.—Fl. March-April; F s.—SS.=Si8. Metam. Lat. p. 6. B. augusta, Kz—An evergreen middling-sized tree, all brous ; leaves cuneate-oblong to ovate-cuneate,’ obtase or acute at the — on a thiek petiole 3-4 lin. long, acute or shortly te, almost enti e narrow ase, chartaceous, glabrous ; ; flowers conspicuous, sessile, forming a very long, thick-spindled, tawny puberulous spike at the end of = branchlets furnished at its base with numerous crowded lanceolate reduced leaflets; calyx velvety, the tube about a line long or oe wingedly 4-cornered, the limb 4-eleft, the lobes rotundate, 2 2 lin. long; fruits (unripe) fibrous- fleshy, oblong, tawny pulverulent, crowned ‘by the ealyx-limb, 4-winged, the wings fleshy and thick, rather narrow, waved. — Tenasserim.—Fl.-Feb. —An evergreen s: suite the bark grey ; rae elongate- Cicas atekas to obo- vate-oblong, long-acuminate at the base, on a rather slender petiole an inch oe or Pane, shortly acuminate or apiculate, entire, 1-1¢ | ft. long, chartaceous, glabrous; flowers conspicuous, purplish red, with white, long filaments, sessile, forming lateral, long, p endulone, , cylindrical, somewhat pulverulent spikes ; sek tube about 3 lin. long, obconical, 4-cornered, the limb valvately 4-lobed, the lobes about 2 lin. long, rounies and blunt, ellison es outside ; Saag ovate, blunt ; fruit (ace Jack) a berry or apple. _ Has.—Forests of Southern Tenasserim. B. pendula, Kz.—A small tree; leaves lanceolate-oblong, ‘d ‘at both ends, long-petioled, one foot long or longer, Careya. | MYRTACER. 499. almost serrulate; spikes up to 24 ft. long, arising from the older branches, suleate, densely flowered ; flowers. large; calyx pisnnst obovate, the limb 4-cleft, the lobes rotundate, erect, persisten 4-celled.—/ (After Griffith.) Has.—Tenasserim. CAREYA, Roxb. Calyx-tube thick, on or turbinate, yt A ap we: beyond the ovary, the limb deeply 4- or 5-lobed. tals 4, or rarely 5 Stamens numerous, in several series, quite ete the nt 6 © longer ones or the innermost shorter ones or bot uced to stam- inodes, the median ones or nearly all perfect ; anthers ecg Ovary inferior, 4- or rarely 5-celled, with several ovules in 2 to 6 rows in each cell; style elongate, with a so somewhat capitate or slightly 4- - lobed stigma. Fruit globose, fleshy, crowded by the calyx-limb, many-seeded. Seeds funicled, irregularly scattered and en sia in a fleshy aa Embryo entire ; cotyledons non pt Aes * Flowers on long pedicels Undershrub; berry o nly an inch thick; seeds about 3lin. long . €. herbacea. Petals Eigen round Pb concave; ovules in 2 rows in each ¢ “ : : ealyx globular, with a — free, truncate tube, bristly, the as as a a, with thick fleshy placentas -Not unfrequent in Tenasserim from Moulmein down to Mergui.—Fl. PR PORE Oi ee Pak epi SN AR RE A gees Eh 5 Oi dae ae Pp a ae em See ee am ne ees , es rf + wee ve ee vs 7 Ea set merous, consp’ long scaly petincale: forming by 3 to Melastoma. | MELASTOMACER. 503 MELASTOMA, L. Calyx clothed with bristles or scales, the tube bell-shaped or ovoid; lobes 5, rarely 6 or 7, deciduous, alternating with as many inconspicuous accessory lobes or teeth. Petals usually 5. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes ; anthers linear-subulate, opening by a single apical pore, very unequal, 5 larger with the connective produced below in a long appendage, incurved and 2-lobed or 2- pointed at the insertion of the curved filaments, and 5 smaller with — ane appendage shorter or wanting. Ovary ovoid, free, or or less adnate, 5- rarely 6- or 7 sodied, the apex appressed brit style filiform with an obtuse stigma. Fruiting calyx-tube neate after the fall of the lobes, more or less adnate to the more or 8 succulent and pulpy irr irregularly bursting - minute, cochleate——Shrubs or little trees, with 3- or more-nerved leaves. Flowers conspicuous, solitary, or forming poor terminal cymes. X Leaves more or less appressed bristly’ srg or pubescent. + Calyx srr with closely appressed, chaffy, ‘scale- like brist Seales of calyx about 4 fin. long or longer, often rather beter calycine lobes shorter, often only half as long as the tube ; leaves usually acute and appressed bristly on both ai siaes M. malabathricum. — of calyx up to a line long, -chaffy, ciliate or finely cleft ; ‘lobes about as ‘oe as the tube, eee the altornaé- oe teeth short and subulate; leaves .on both sides, or only beneath, appressed pubescent, acuminate - ‘ ioe HM. normale. ‘Leaves softly appressed-pubescent on sides . M. Houtteanum. xX. .X Leaves = abou or cans with.a few scales onthe ribs ben Calyx covered with ie: a —— curved upwards ; = ee eeeminn : * M. decemfidum. ab aly from Rie Gs hs to.elliptically oblong, rounded or obtuse at the base, usually 5-nerved ay 2 ae nerves ae acute, 3 to 5 in. long, covered b y appressed hairs or bristles, which : Bs us, icuous, rose-coloured, purple or white, on 3 to 4 Im. — eymes.; bracts very deciduous, from large an and broadly ovate to ‘small and ss a calyx-tube ovoid-globose, 2 to 3 lin. 504 MELASTOMACE®. [ Melastoma. long, densely covered with short appressed-chaffy scales, the lobes lanceolate, more or less acuminate, usually shorter than the tube, alternating with the 5 small subulate scales or accessory lobes; petals 3 to Zin. long, obovate; connective of the shorter stamens at the base excurrent into 2 lobes; berry enclosed and adnate to the appressed-chaffy calyx, globular, 8 to 4 lin. in diameter; seeds minute, attached to the thick pulpy purple placentas. Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenas- serim, especially in shrubby waste places, in savannahs, along river embank- ments, ete—Fl, Fr. o.—s. X L—SS.—= o. - S z re} o 4 > 5 wa ™m i = : S, = La} B 8 4 fe) 2 2 end of the branchlets ; calyx densely covered with appressed-chaffy ciliate or finely cleft scales up to a line long, the lobes about as lone as the calyx-tube, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, alternating with as many short subulate teeth ; petals obovate, about a line long. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of Martaban, up to 5000 ft. eleva- tion ; Ava hills.—Fl. March-May.—SS.—Metam, Lat. 3. M. Houtteanum, Naud.—An evergreen bushy shrub, the branches more or less covered with pale-coloured or brown bristly scales and sti irs; leaves on shorter or longer chaffy-scal petioles, varying from oblong to oblong-lanceolate or almost ovate, rounded at the base, 3-5 in. long, acuminate or acute, entire, pubescent and chaffy along the 5 principal nerves; flowers conspi- cuous, mally 5- occasionally 6-merous, purple or pink, on short es. rare in the tropical forests along the eastern slopes of the 2 tol in. long; | | Oxyspora. | MELASTOMACER®, 505 OXYSPORA, DC. Calyx glabrous, the tube oblong or clavate-bell-shaped, obso- letely 4-cornered ; lobes 4, short, simple, or augmented on the back with a minute tooth or wing-like appendage. Petals 4. Stamens 8, 4 of which usually smaller, or rarely only 4, dimorphous, the 4 larger ones purple, curved, opening by a single apical pore, rather long, 2-lobed at the base, the smaller ones yellow ; connective not | produced, without appendages, but usually spurred on the back. Ovary high up adnate with the angles of the calyx, 4-celled, Capsule club-shaped, enclosed in the membranous 8-ribbed calyx, 4-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, unequally euneate.—Slender, erect or somewhat scandent shrubs, with 5- to 7-nerved leaves. Flowers rather small, forming terminal often drooping lax panicles. Glabrous ; ramifications of panicle 4-c 3 bracts, ete., persistent ; connective without appendage or spur - O. cernua. Stems and petioles often hairy ; icle-branchings 3 bracts very deciduous ; connective on the back side spurred at the : : : : : ‘ - O. vagans, 0. cernua, all parts glabrous; leaves from ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, shorter or longer petioled, acuminate, variable in size, the smaller e winged towards the base ; bracts and bractlets small, but persistent ; calyx about 4 lin. long, glabrous, the tube obsoletely ribbed, the limb rather broad, 4-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, acute; petals nearly } in. long, oblong, acute; stamens 8, the connective with- : out appendages or dorsal spurs; capsule enclosed in the strongly 5 8-ribbed calyx-tube, about 3 to 4 lin. long, club-shaped, oblong, glabrous. 3 Han.—Chittagong.—FI. Oct.-Nov.; Fr. Feb.-March. ALLOMORPHIA, BI. Calyx glabrous or sparingly hispid, the tube shortly bell-shaped 3 or eae secant limb dilated, bluntish 4- or 5-toothed 3 and persistent. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 8 or 10, nearly equal ; anthers incurved, 2-lobed at the base, opening by a single apical pore, the connective not produced and often spurred on the back at ~ glabrous at the apex; style filiform, with a punctiform stigma, 506 MELASTOMACER, [ Anerincleistus. the base. Ovary ovoid, almost free or only at the base adnate, situated on*the bottom of the calyx, 3-4-celled, depressed on the . swollen apex, usually ciliolate on the margin ; style filiform, with a minute stigma. Capsule small, ovoid, enclosed in the urceolate 4-8-ribbed calyx-tube, 3-4-valved. Rade linear-club-shaped.— Branched shrubs or (scapigerous?) perennials with Sg aoe 5-9-nerved leaves. Flowers pedicelled, clustered, forming termi pomeaet narrow Y DOS Cal th h 7 eyrteed and the 9strong nerves Sein @ dey eam baete . A. hispida. pce a -v ie with ‘a thick win pp bacl ; n p glabrous . Peg ee - « « A, umbellulata. 1. A. iad, Kz.—An evergreen ee the branches and the strong 5 in. long petioles covered with tawny, spreading, long, stiff bristles ; leaves po ovate, slightly cordate at the base, long- petioled, shortly acuminate, 8-9 in. long, almost coriaceous, above sparingly, beneath on the veins and especially on the 9 principal nerves more densely, covered with long, brownish, stiff bristles ; flowers 4-merous, small, on slender 2-3 lin. long pedicels, clustered, forming a narrow v glabrous es calyx 4-ribbed, with a few long bristles, shortly bell-shaped and spreading somewhat in the manner emecylon, Y alabely and shallowly sinuate-toothed ; petals obo- vate, almost 2 lin. long ; stamens 8; anthers and connective without any appendage ; ovary on the bottom of the calyx free. Has.—Martaban. 2. A, se ase SS H.f.—An evergreen shrub, 10 ft. high, all parts glabrous; leaves much resembling those of ‘A exigua, long- petioled, savnaioae to jo ar penn sot roo or is at the ei acuminate, 6-9 in. long, and transversely 1 mous, ‘minutely pube is, glal rescent, raceme-like ome in the than them, the rachis 4-cornered ; bracts deciduous ae nearly 3 lin. long, clavate-bell-shaped, minutely i rg ay baciclaly 4-cornered, 4-lobed, the lobes short, on the back furnished with a semicordate, blunt, rather thick wing- like appendage; petals oblong, acute; stamens 8, unequal, the 2 led. __ Jongest erect (not inflexed) in the bud; ovary 4-ce Hazs.—tTenasserim, Mergui Archipelago. Calyx widely bell-shaped, bine, the limb 4-lobed, persistent. Is — Stamens 8, equal ; anthers aponing by ring Se ee RS te Ochthocharis. | MELASTOMACE®. 507 apical pore, the connective not produced at the base, shortly spurred behind., Ovary almost free, 4-celled, broadly carved out at the apex, 4-lobed, the style short, with a punctiform stigma. Capsule 4- valved on the carved-out apex, longer than the calyx. Seeds minute, obovoid-cuneate.—Shrubs or little trees, with 5-7-nerved leaves. Flowers small, usually in axillary or terminal clusters or umbellets. Appressed pubescent . . . . . . . . A. Helferi. Spreadingly velvety-tomentose . . . ° ae - A. Griffithii. 1. A. Helferi, H.£—A shrub, the branchlets terete, covered with tawny appressed pubescence; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceo- Haxs.—Tenasserim or Andamans (?). 2. A. Griffithii, H.£—Softly tomentose, the woody branches terete, along with the petioles and principal leaf-nerves densely and spreadingly rusty-velvety-tomentose ; leaves and inflorescence as in A. petiolatus (sie), but the calyx very densely and spreadingly irsute.—(Deser. after Triana.) Has.—Tenasserim, Mergui Archipelago. OCHTHOCHARIS, BI. - Calyx glabrous, the tube hemispherically bell-shaped or obovoid, terete, without ribs, the limb 5-toothed, persistent. Petals 5. © axillary clusters or short cymes, or rarely lax, panicles. 1. 0. Javanica, Bl.—An evergreen low-branched erect shrub, about 2 to 3 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to ellipti- cally lanceolate, tapering at the base in a petiole } to { in. long, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, minutely and distantly bristly serrate, 508 MELASTOMACER. [ Anplectrum, glabrous, 3-nerved, with 2 faint i ntrapaseia ones, the transverse parallel veins little visible ; flowers very small, rose-coloured, on to 1 hn. long bracteolate radiocls. forming short glabrous cymes in the axils of the leaves; bracts lanceolate, minute; calyx about a line long, glabrous, obsoletely ribbed; petals about as long as the calyx ; capsules globular, the size of a small pea, enclosed in the smooth calyx. Has.—Tenasserim. ANPLECTROUM, A. Gray. Caly ieee ovoid-globular, the limb truncate or obsoletely 4-. deste’, the teeth alternating with as many punctiform teethlets. Petals 4. pianshs 8, very unequal ; anthers alternately imperfect, the larger ones ovoid or oblong, opening by a single apical pore, the connective not produced, not appendaged, or 2-lamellate at the base or shortly spurred behind. Ovary free above, 4-celled, crowned with 4 crests; style filiform, with a punetiform stioma. Berry almost globose, crowned by the calyx-limb. Seeds numerous, wedge-shaped, angular.—Scandent shrubs, with 3-to 7-nerved leav' es. — small, in terminal and axillary panicles. . A. cyanocarpa, Triana.—An evergreen slender, half-scan-. as ‘shrub, the branchlets and pe ee above bristly-hairy, other- _ wise elabrous ; leaves on a 2 to 4 lin. long petiole, ovate-oblong to ovate, sometimes slightly Bes ak at the base, 3-4 in. long, blunt- ish acuminate or apiculate, entire, thin chartaceous, glossy aboye, glabrous, or while young sparingly bristly hairy on the nerves beneath, 3-nerved, with 2 intramarginal nerves, transversely and one or oe agp gi ia filament , flat, terminating in a hastate-triangular at the apex usually 2-cleft membrane excurrent at the inner base into a bristle longer than the filament itself; ala ovoid, quite smooth, crowned by the narrow truncate calyx- _Has.—In the tropical forests of Tonkyeghat, Martaban; Tenasserim. eee Jack. usu th, hemispherical, the limb deciduous, ia =~ less di ms distinctly 4 toothed or iF salypoate and circum Memecylon. } MELASTOMACER. 509 sciss or irregularly rupturing. Petals 4. Stamens 8, equal ; fila- ments short, subulate; anthers from ovate to oblong and dolabri- form, age 2 by 2 longitudinal slits, the connective not produced, it without spurs at the base of the back. Ovary adhering to the aulyx; 4-celled, glabrous on the depressed apex ; style filiform, with a club-shaped or thickened stigma. Berry more or less globu- lar, truncate at the depressed apex, smooth or variously scaly or tubercled. Seeds angular-wedge-shaped.—Small trees or shrubs, with 3-nerved leaves. Flowers small, solitary, or clustered, or form- ing axillary cymes or panicles. Flowers in small edgier seed ogo . . ' . . P. coerulescens. Flowers in a sessile essile cyme or almost fascicled . P. capitellata. a , Jack.—An evergreen branched small tree, all labrous ; leaves from ovate to ovate-oblong, repereg into a short ao petiole, bluntish acuminate, entire, coriaceous, 2-34 in. long, quite glabrous, glossy, especially beneath, 3-nerved, the transverse veins cetogteg faint ; flowers small, gree on $a line the end of the branches ote peas, bracts minute, ovate, aor calyx about a line long and wide, truncate or obso- letely toothed, in a dried state obscurely reticulate-scaly ; petals about the size of a pepper-kernel, i at the apex marked by the circular calyx-limb. Hap.—Tenasserim. . P. capitellata, Jack—An evergreen large shrub, all parts quite glabrous, the branches terete; leaves elliptically ovate to ovate, tapering in a strong 2-3 lin. long petiole, bluntish acumi- nate to bluntish, 3-5 in. long, coriaceous, entire, glabrous, rather opaque, strongly 3-nerved, with 2 faint intramarginal nerves, the transverse more or less curved veination faint ; flowers small, sky- blue, on a line long pedicels, forming small, sessile or almost sessile, brachiate, glabrous cymes often reduced to mere clusters ; ae smooth, about 14 lin. long, smooth, truncate; berries depressed-gio bular, the size of a small pea, s smooth, crowned by the shallow circular calyx-limb. Has.—Tenasserim. . MEMECYLON, L Calyx smooth, the tuhe hemispherical or bell-shaped, the limb dilated, entire, or shallowly 4-5-lobed, often radiately lamellate or nerved wi ithin. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 8, equal ; filaments fili- 510 _ MELASTOMACEA, [ Memecylon. or shrubs, with usual] nninerved or rarely 3-nerved leaves. Flowers usually small, in axillary clusters, cymes, or umbellets. * Calyx radiately nerved within, the nerves raised and lamel- ofa late cape the gills mushroom © Leaves more or less thick coriaceous without visible latera Fens F Leaves with cordate or rounded base, ae or on pe short thick petioles, Flower tcuous, nehlets terete, vn _ pel very short and robust; berries ovoid-oblong, - HM. ceruleum, Cgmin: rk seit mE pares slender pedicels slouder, 2-3 lin, long - M. pulchrum, tt Leaves es_petioled,» more or less tapering at " base, contracted in a moperately long A Brane aiiggas 9 or only with very faintly raised li Flowers small, calyx up toa ss = diameter, oncoth not tubercled. Leaves ep at base, smooth and shinin. petiole 3-4 lin. long ; pedicels 2-3 tin long ; pmb fuple ¢ oF ¢0 sesiieinds pedun ree NM, edule, Leaves atrenante * t base, sharply a nate ; polisels, 1- “ih lin long ; umbel-like —— es short, pt aaa cled : iM plebejum. base, very acuminate, glossy ; " petiole 1- 2 lin, dee peices hardly a line ae thick ; cymes very short, almost sess’ . UU. levigatum. A Branchlets ov les tiveie, masked with 4 eae sas Calya about 14 lin. wide, Pedicels thick and short; x undulate-truncate, with a hemi- spherical tubercl ne ine bluntish or retuse, shortly acu- - minate . a eee - M. punctatum. Branchlets lets deangular or almost “4-winged. As former, bat Oe am 3 eymes short peduncled or — det ie gyrate coloured in drymg . . UM. soutellatum. rather ¢ peduncled ; inves 3-4 in. long, turning diceut? in aoe . WM. elegans. Calyx about 4 lin. wide, sharply 4-too toothed. Leaves only #-1k lin. — pedicels about a aetna cymes pected nae narins ‘ . M, paueiflorum, a O Leaves thin coriaceous, with the lateral ‘nerves and often also the vei es. nerves arcuate-anastomosing towards the Be = thyrsoid es pedicels 1-2 lin. long; calyx # lin. wide, the limb sinuate-4-angular . M. Griffithianum. ormer, sole a more slender 5 cymes simple; ‘calyx 1-14 ; berries the size of a pea. . M. celastrinum. short or almost + reduced; berries the size of — 2° - WM. cerasiforme, Memecylon. } MELASTOMACER, 511 * *& 9 not radiate-lamellate veined within, or the nerves wong: faint Leaves sessile or nearly 30, turning yellowish and opaque ing; cymes sessile, umbel-like ; calyx conspicuously 4- pote M. umbellatum. * Calyx radiately nerved within, the nerves raised and lamellate like the gills of a mushroom. . M. ceruleum, Jack.—An evergreen shrub, 10 or 12 ft. high, all parts glabrous, the branchlets terete or nearly so; leaves almost sessile or on a very short thick petiole, from elliptically ovate to —— rounded or almost cordate at the base, blunt or retuse and mucronate, or acute or rarely apiculate, 4-5 im. long, thick coriaceous, with the lateral nerves not or almost not visible, labrous, the narrow hyaline borders recurved ; flowers conspicuous, g but not large, deep steel-blue, on short thick pedicels, forming avery - short robust eyme on a very short peduncle, or almost sessile and solitary or several together in ie axils of the leaves or above the _ sears of the fallen ones; peduncle and branchings thick = almost terete ; bracts and bractlets mimute, ovate-triangular, acute; calyx smooth, bell-shaped, about a line long and a little wider, the limb truncate and remotely minute-toothed, eruciately and lamellately 4-nerved within, the nerves 2-cleft from the middle, + ees nerves very faint; filaments very short, the aadtinsrt 0 ry large, with a gland in front of the apex ; berries ellipsoid-oval or > allied id-globular, smooth, about the size of a large pea, y Lesoded eas wned by the tubular at middle 4-angular scared calyx- limb, the disk marked by the 4 broad cruciately diverging nerves) Q-cleft ae their middle. Var. 1. ceruleum proper: berries ellipsoid-oval, up to nearly 5 lin. long; leaves almost sessile, 'y acute. Var. 2. floribundum (1. floribundum, Bl.): berries ay 29 oval, up to nearly 5 lin. long; leaves on a petiole 1- A$ lin. long rounded at the base, usually acute. Var. 3. Griffithianum (/. — Griff.): berries ellipsoid- globular, rer 3-4 lin. in diameter; leaves almost sessile, ay or retuse with a muero. sae var. 3, but this apparently frequent in Tenasserim.—Fl. ‘Yelp ae r. March. ulchrum, Kz. — An evergreen tree, all parts quite edeg id branchlets nearly terete; leaves large, sessile, b: See ios, rounded or almost cordate at the base, blunt or notch- , 5-6 in. long, firmly coriaceous, l-nerved without visible la nerves or veins, glabrous, glossy above; flowers sky-blue, pa to 23 lin. long, terete pedicels, in few-flowered umbellets 512 ; MELASTOMACER. [ Memecylon. by 3-4 in. long, 4-cornered secondary peduncles and forming a rather ample cyme on the compressed 4-cornered 4-1 in. long peduncles arising by 3 or 4 from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; bracts distinct, ovate-lanceolate, acute; calyx bell-shaped, about a line long and wide, smooth, the limb truncate, radiately folded within. Has.—Tropical forests of the Andaman islands.—F. Begin, of May.—s. HaB.—Tenasserim ; not unfrequent in the tropical forests of South Anda- man.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. June.—s. ae or by 2-3 from above Bee the scars of the fallen leaves or from id shies branches ; peduncles t, ne, 4 ; caly 0 ae ed lamellate-nerved within, the limb truncate and ticulate ; petals obovate, acute, about a line long; sxserted ; berries globular, the size of a pea, when Memecylton. | MELASTOMACER. 513 ripe bluish black and edible, by abortion usually }-seeded, crowned by the calyx-limb, the disk radiately 8-lamellate. Haxs.—Frequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests from Mar- taban down to Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—Fr. Nov.-Feb.—s, 5. M. levigatum, Bl—An evergreen small tree, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets terete; leaves lanceolate to elliptically lanceolate, slightly oblique, at the acuminate base decurrent into Has.—Tenasserim.—Fr. Oct. 6. M. plebejum, Kz.—An evergreen tree (20—25+8—10+ 2—3), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets terete with 4 raised lines ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a short petiole, sharply caudate-acuminate, 14-24 in. long, in drying turning blackish, thin coriaceous, the lateral nerves thin and faint ; flowers minute, on 1-13 lin. long slender pedicels, umbellate, and forming a very short peduncled or almost sessile trichotomously branched small eyme in the axils of the leaves; calyx explanate-bell-shaped, about a line in diameter; the limb ample, minutely and distantly 4- toothed, radiately lamellate within ; petals, &., unknown. . Haxs.—Frequent in the swamp forests of the Irrawaddi alluvium; rather rare in the Prome and Ava—s.—SS. = All. : 7. M. punctatum, Prsl—An evergreen shrub or tree (?), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets with 4 decurrent raised lines; leaves from lanceolate to elliptically lanceolate, on a short but slender petiole 1-2 lin. long, shortly bluntish acuminate, but not retuse, thick coriaceous, without lateral nerves or veins, ina dried state blistered- dotted, 1-2 in. long, opaque ; flowers small, on 1-14 lin. long, thick, stiff pedicels, forming a poor umbellet on the 1-2 lin. long peduncle or almost sessile in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; calyx about a line wide, the adnate portion almost globular and tubercled-rough ; the limb ample and almost truncate, radiately lamellate within ; petals ovate-triangular, acute; stamens exserted ; berries globular, the size of a very small pea, almost smooth, Has.—Tenasserim. 8. M. scutellatum, Naud.—An evergreen bushy shrub or small tree, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets 4-cornered and 4-lined ; leaves small, from elliptically oblong and oblong to obovate, retuse 21 514 MELASTOMACER. [ Memecylon. Var. 1. subsessile: umbellets on peduncles less than a line long or almost sessile ; pedicels about a line long; leaves smaller. Var. 2. brevipedunculatum: umbellets on a 2-1 lin. long peduncle ; pedicels usually 2.lin. long ; leaves larger. Has.—Var. 2: apparentl uent in Tenasserim; also Pegu, above Ran- -goon.—F. kee dons Fe ai es ae 9. M. elegans, Kz.—An evergreen shrub or small tree, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets almost 4-winged or with 4 decurrent more or less obsolete raised lines ; leaves from oblong to ovate-oblong, at the base tapering into a 2-8 lin. long petiole, blunt or sometimes obscurely notched, 3-4 in. long, coriaceous, the lateral nerves only in young leaves visible; flowers blue, on 2-3 lin. long pedicels, forming a simple or trichotomous umbel-like cyme on }-3 in. long sharply 4-cornered peduncles arising usually by pairs or singly from the axils of the leaves or from above the scars of the fallen ones; __ ramifications very short or almost reduced; calyx smooth, nearly 13 lin. in diameter, the adnate portion hemispherical, small; limb broad and explanate, waved and obscurely rounded-lobed, radiately- oe within, the lamellz almost nerve-like; petals, &., un- own. acs the tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fl. May.—s.—SS.= 10. = eee, Bl.—An evergreen tree (20—25+6—10 +4—1), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets more or less sharp- ly 4-cornered ; leaves ovate to broadly ovate, on a slender petiole 4-1 lin. long, bluntish apiculate or notched, rarely almost acute, 1-1$ in. long, coriaceous, smooth, glossy above, the lateral nerves . = — very faint and thin; flowers minute, whitish, about 4 a line in = BR ee é es PF NS ee St ea Re bee oe een ay ite eee whores, |Site: ere. ko eS PRES ae ae Pe ee RE ee ee Se bake pee We ge en en “e cee a ih, Laas 2 see espa ames oleh te des iio a Memecylon. } MELASTOMACER. 515 about 4 lin. long, bell-shaped, the adnate portion short, almost globular ; limb almost abruptly 4-toothed (the teeth linear, acute), radiately narrow-lamellate inside ; corolla in bud acuminate ; berries globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, smooth, 1-seeded, crowned by the sharply toothed calyx-limb, the disk smooth or very faintly cruciately 4-nerved. Has.—Frequent in the tropical coast forests of the Andamans; also Tenas- serim.—Fl. begin. of R.S.—s. , thin coriaceous, about 3-5 in. long, glab- tous, glossy above, the lateral nerves thin, but prominent and anastomosing towards the margins ; flowers minute, on } to nearly ; he p fications nearly as long and more sharply 4-cornered ; calyx about § lin. in diameter, explanate, the limb truncate and radiately lamel- late within, the borders obsoletely sinuate-4-angular; berries globular, the size of a pea, glabrous, one-seeded, crowned by the short calyx-limb, the disk radiately 8-lamellate. 12. M. celastrinum, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—40+-12—15 +2—3}), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets terete, with 4 raised decurrent lines; bark ash-grey, smooth, hardly a line thick ; eut pale coloured, dry; leaves from elliptically to almost ovate- oblong and ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a thick 2-24 lin. long petiole, shortly or long and almost caudate-acuminate, with or without a mucro, 4-5 in. long, thin coriaceous, rather glossy above, turning more or less yellowish green in drying, the lateral nerves thin, but visible and anastomosing towards the margins ,. ls, : poor umbellets on the very short partial peduncles and collected into a single or more usually two greenish white, glabrous, go _ ¢cled cymes in the axils of the leaves; peduncle about 8 to 5 lin. long, more or less compressed ; calyx white, smooth, nearly a line deep and 1-13 lin. in diameter, bell-shaped, then explanate, almost truncate and minutely 4-toothed, radiately lamellate within; petals nearly a line long ; berries globular, the size of large pea, glabrous, radiately green, l-seeded, crowned by the short calyx-limb, the disk 516 _ LYTHRARIER. [ Memecylon. Hax.—Frequent in the tropical forests from Martaban down to Tenasserim, less so in those along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah-—FI. Feb.-Apr.— . January.—_SS.—= i ReEMARKs.—Wood very coarse, red-brown. 13. M. cerasiforme, Kz.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves elliptical, acuminate at both ends, on a stout petiole 2-3 lin. long, 24-3 in. long, coriaceous, usually drying yellowish, the laternal nerves faint and obsolete; fruiting cymes short peduncled or almost sessile, small and not above 3 in. long, glabrous, axillary or from above the scars of the fallen leaves; berries on a lin. long stout pedicels, globose, the size of a cherry, sappy, bluish black. Has.—Tropical forests of Chittagong.—Fr. C.S. * * Calyx inside without lamella-like nerves, or the nerves sometimes 4 in. long, coriaceous drying turning yellowish, the lateral nerves indistinct ; flowers small, sky-blue, on _ Has.—Arvacan and Andamans, in tropical forests. —s.—98,—SiS. RemarKs.—Wood very strong and tough, very hard and close-grained. Good for cart-axles and forms a sort oft ton-sid. Leaves and flowers a yellow dye. LYTHRARIEZ. Flowers hermaphrodite, very rarely unisexual, regular or rarely - regular, Calyx free, but often enclosing the ovary, 4-5- (ve s inflected in the bud; anthers versatile, the cells opening ding j ML) 4 be a A A ges eta: Bun O77 re oF ty eas RID CROCS Pee iS PRO, SiR ete SRSA kf Woodfordia.) LYTHRARIER. 517 inferior, 2-6- or rarely by abortion of the partitions 1-celled, with usually numerous ovules attached to the axis or —. rarely parietal style simple, with a capitate or rarely 2-lobed stigma. Fruit a sule, variously dehiscing, enclosed in or iat by the pobelitont cal. ] yx. umen none. Embryo straight ; cotyledons oblong or nee —Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with opposite, srr or oe sri eaed simple leaves. ee a none. Flowers valuable. Henna, a reddish orange dye, i is the peter of Tease and a similar dye is obtained from the flowers of Woodfordia. Pomegranates are the only edible fruits in this family. Thirty-one species occur in Burma. * Ovary ‘free, su x — tenth blackish. dotted ; calyx slightly curved; « Woodfordia, xx Leave without or with pellucid dots ‘beneath, Calyx a Os sas many or twice as many as calyx-lobes. Calyx 12-toothed ; ‘Potala 63 sakilees 12; capsule 1-celled, trans. verse. circumsciss a 4. perce 5 3 petals 4; stamens 8; capsule 4. celled, imregularly Galys 4 tor S-clett 5 ; petals none ; stamens 4 or; ; ‘capsule 2-eelled ayes Stamens indefinite, in 1 or 2 or more rows. t Seeds not imbedded i began a Pemphis, ia. Stamens in 2 or e, expand ‘pand in a . Lagerstremia. Stamens in a single row ; cet "4-8-celled ; ; seeds minute, ‘scobi- form, narrowly winged at the a margin . - Duabanga. — imbedded in pulp ; berry 10- . e * > Ovary adnate to the calye, inferior, many celled, the cells yi deer Pe superposed ; —— many ro 3 seeds pulp py . . ° . "Petia: WOODFORDIA, Salish. Calyx coloured, tubular, slightly curved with an oblique mouth, shortly 6-lobed, the lobes alternating with as many minute acces. sory teeth. Petals 6, small, or none. Stamens 12, inserted at the a thick axile —: style fiiform, with a punctiform rm stigma, Capsule enclosed in the calyx, compressed, 2-celled, loculicidally 2- ved. Seeds ana minute, somewhat compressed-obeuneate, asia “me —Shrubs or small trees, with opposite black-dotted | Flowers crimson, usually cymose-panicled ; pedicels 2- _ rsh at the base, 518 LYTHRARIER. { Pemphis. 1. W. fruticosa, ( 14,f.4; W. floribunda, Salish. 3; Brand. For. Fl. 238).—A leaf-shed- dotted and greyish or whitish velvety or shortly tomentose ; flowers nearly 3 an in. long, bright crimson, forming axillary short- ) puberulous, tapering into a rather slender puberulous pedicel ; petals i the calyx, B.—Frequent in the mixed dry forests of the Prome District ; rarely en- tering the drier upper mixed forests.—Fl. Fr. Jan.-Feb.—l.—SS.—CaS. RemarxKs.—The flowers yield a valuable red dye of considerable importance. PEMPHIS, Forst, Calyx coriaceous, turbinate-bell-shaped, 6-lobed, the lobes erect, alternating with as many smaller, spreading, accesso Petals cles 2-bracted at the base 1. P. acidula, Forst.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 117, t. 14, f. 5.—An evergreen shrub, all parts more or less greyish silk-hairy, the younger parts 4-cornered ; wood light brown, close-grained and Tous peduncles 2-bracted at the base, soli in the axils of the _ tawny puberulous ; petals tals white, : ou lin. long, very little protruded from the calyx, glabrous, crowned _by the persistent style. sserim, along the rocky coasts from Amherst down to Mergui; AERIS, iad wa a A ad SET aaa Pen ON by oe Sk eae NEE ce pecs SAT att aren ANNE Ree ae 1S eee fas dar area Cad seer NAR 2 Sarl fant, eA ee OS eden athe oy Fiulasd * Crypteronia. ] LYTHRARIES, 519 LAWSONIA, L. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 4-lobed, without accessory teeth. Petals 4, sessile. Stamens 8, inserted on an annular ring at the is inermis, L. (L. alba, Lam); Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 118, t. 14, f 6) ; Brand. For. Fl. 238), —Dan,—A leaf-shedding much- slender pedicels, in "ex little racemes usually forming a ee leafy terminal panicle ; calyx smooth, deeply 4-lobed, the lobes spread- ing about a line ‘long; petals ‘iehisehes with i ineurved. much-curled ers ; capsule globular, 4-celled and grooved, the size of a very small pea, depressed at the top, cer by the style. Has.—Often cultivated, especially in the Prome zone,—Fl, Fr. nearly o, CRYPTERONIA, BI. Flowers polygamously dioecious or hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens 4 or 5, with an obtuse ie firs pe sounded. the base sg the ‘y racemes often collected into panicles, 1. C. paniculata, Bl—Azan-ipo—aAn evergreen tree (50— 80-+30—-50+4—9), all parts glabrous; bark silvery grey, rather PNY deeply longitudinally, and minutely transversely, fissured, in. thick; cut brown ; leaves oblong to Rioagtaasiclsin: ek at ae base, bluntish acuminate or blunt, shortly petioled, entire, chartaceous, about 4-5 in. long, glabrous ; —— minute, — on short but slender puberulous pedicels, forming slender, p 520 LYTHRARIER. [ Lagerstramia. puberulous or glabrous racemes arranged in terminal leafless pan- icles ; ovary shortly greyish tomentose; calyx hardly 1-14 lin. in diameter, 5-toothed, minutely appressed pubescent, the teeth trian- gular-lanceolate, acute ; stamens in hermaphrodite flowers only as long as the calyx-teeth, in the males elongate and slender ; Seitilen as large as a pepper-kernel, almost 2-lobed, minutely velvety and glabrescent, crowned by the persistent style ; seeds minute, linear, brown and glossy narrowly winged along one side, the wing pro- meets at cas labra — glabra, Wall.) : rachis of racemes, at least =e vif frui Var. 2. pu ans “4 yore Griff., zo¢ Planch.) : rachis of racemes permanently densely puberulous Haxs.—Var. 2. Frequent in the tropical and goat upper aiat forests, from Chitt: ttagong, Pegu, and tet ry to Tenasserim.—Fl. Nov.-Jan. ; Fr. Feb.-May.—sx1.—SS. = SiS. M Shilsee peo —Wood pale to reddish theowra: a dies; but not straight- rather heavy, the annual rings narro Used occasionally for cart- sole, ‘but more in use 3 for firewood. LAGERSTREMIA, L. Calyx-tube turbinate-bell-shaped, 4-6- (rarely ee lobed, plain or plaited-furrowed. Petals 4-6, clawed, crumpled. Stamens numerous, inedited near the base of the calyx-tube ; filaments long, exserted. Ovary sessile, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 3- 6-celled, with numerous ascending ovules attached to the axillary placentas ; style flexuose, filiform, with a capitate stigma. Capsule at the e surrounded by the, calyx, woody or rigidly coriaceous, 3-6- celled, opening loculicidally into 3-6 valves, each valve bearing the partition i in ed poe Seeds few or many, compressed, imbricate, terminati a wing, the testa thick and spongy.—Trees or shrubs, with siiasts entire leaves. Flowers usually showy, 2- bracteoled, i in axillary or terminal usually trichotomously branched es. ; * Ca é, without rib. ot poten d oO Daler a a all other sche glabr ee sha eta beneath ; flowers handle Zanin. in dia. ‘ . L. parvifiora, ee green ; flowers 142i in, in diameter. | - «. L. Indica. O O Calyz and inflorescence covered by a rusty-coloured a ‘Flowers almost racemose, in oer calyx }$-2 shorter than the | ma . L. ealyeulata, kK % alee “furrowed, Plicate-sutoate’ or angular, with the “Se cabanenga almost Rid or angles twice ae many as calya: lobe, the alter- ones terminating at the sinuses 0 = en the longer mgen ones running throughout the lobes, Lagerstremia. | LYTHRARIER. 521 x Oe and i pocennee covered by a re eee white floccose tomentum 3 calyx-lobes ter ati in a subulate or short mucro. Full- fsbo Sennett: eos bs acuminate ; tomentum rusty-coloured ; petals on short claws, not fringed - L. floribunda, Adult heaves vanced on beneath, acuminate ; tomentum whitish or yellowish ; petals on long slender claws, ciliolate . tomentosa, As former ; leaves we aie or acute ; sbalazels vaisg as large pe- - L. Loudoni, x xX Calyx ee inflores ence pruinose or minu tely whitish - greyish iaiitous. All other parts glabrou icine eee heen tenets calyx ae enetier, the angles . L. hypoleuca, ety talks calyx plicately-suleate, the ribs ‘very “blunt and broader than the furrows < L. flos-regine. Leaves green; calyx longitu dinally furrowed without ribs ‘. oe macrocarpa. OO Angles of a as many as lobe es and alternating with them, the latter without o riba softer parts almost greyish from a ee soft ss ; angles of calyx almost winged; petals none. . Z. villosa. te es terete, without ribs or furrows. rviflo ora, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 31; Brand. For. n the axils of the leaves or at the end of the 2 eaeshlots iy pubis , without ribs or furrows, deeply 6- or occasionally 7-lobed, the lobes triangular, acute ; petals orbicular, clawed, crumpled ; outer 6 stamens much longer th e inner ones; capsules oblong or obovate-oblong, about an inch long, woody. Has.—Burma, probably Ava.—Griff.— Fl. Apr Remarxs.—Wood greyish or ight tos brown, Na straight-fibrons, cielo =40 pd. Good for r building p purposes, etc. L.—A leaf-shedding ae $B eS BL Ses all sem glabrous, the branchlets almost winged-cornered ; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, blunt or acute, very shorty petioled or almost sessile, chartaceous, 2-3 in. long, glabrous ; flowers sized, crimson or white, slenderly pedicelled, solitary or in peduncled poor cymes forming a more or less branched glabrous panicle at the end of the branchlets; calyx glabrous, without ribs o r furrows, deeply 6-lobed, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute ; tile broad, crumpled and curled, on long claws; ou stamens longer and larger than the numerous inner ones ; capsules globose, more than } an in. in diameter, 6-celled and 6-valved. 522 LYTHRARIER. [ Lagerstramia. Has.—Generally cultivated in gardens of Ava, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. May-June. 3. L. calyculata, Kz.—Pyimma-hpyoo.—An evergreen tree (60—70 +30—40+4+4—7), the shoots tomentose; bark quite smooth, about 2-3 lin. long, grey, peeling off into concave pieces ; cut greenish pale-brown ; leaves oblong, rounded at the unequal base and somewhat decurrent on the short petiole, acuminate, about 5-7 in. long, almost coriaceous, glabrous and minutely net- veined above, beneath puberulous and strongly net-veined: between the prominent nerves ; flowers not seen; panicles terminal, rusty or tawny tomentose, composed of longer or shorter racemes ; fruit- ing calyx cupular-bell-shaped, about 2-24 lin. deep, without ribs or furrows, densely rusty tomentose, 6-lobed, the lobes shortly trian- gular, acute, reflexed ; capsules on very short thick pedicels either solitary or by 2 or 3 on a hardly a line long peduncle, oblong, mucronulate, glossy, for about 4 to % protruded from the closely ~ embracing calyx, 3-4 lin. long, 6-valved. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo.—Fr. March-Apr.—s.—SS.=Metam. REMaRxKs.—Wood brown, heavy, of somewhat unequal fibre, close-grained, rather soft, soon attacked by xylophages. * * Calyx-furrowed, plicate-suleate, or sharply, sometimes wingedly, angular. : toss pedicals, solitary or in peduncled poor cymes, forming a lax, _ branched, tawny or rusty floccose-tomentose panicle at the end of the branchlets; calyx in bud turbinate, densely tawny floccose- aetna Lagerstremia. ] LYTHRARIER. 523 very long; capsules oblong, mucronulate, under 4 an in. long, smoo labrous. Has.—Frequent all over Pegu and Martaban, in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests. —Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. May-June.—s: 1—SS.—Metam.—SiS. Remarks.—Wood dark brown, close-grained, heavy, the annual rings dis- tinct and narrow. O’=53 pd. Valued for bows and spear-handles ; also used for canoes and cart-wheels. Exudes red resin. base, nearly an in. long, erose and longish fringed ; ovary silky- tomentose ; capsule white-tomentose, globose, Has.—Adjoining provinces of Siam.—Fl, H.S. 7. L. hypoleuca, Kz.—A tree (60—70+25—30+45—9) shed- ding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous ; bark thin, whitish ; leaves er Pp lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, decurrent at the acuminate base, shortly petioled, acuminate, entire or waved, chartaceous, 6-8 in. long, whitish glaucous beneath ; flowers middling sized, about 1-14 in. in diameter, lilac, on jomted whitish puberous pedicels, solitary, or in poor, short-peduncled, minutely greyish puberulous cymes forming elongate panicles at the end of the branches ; calyx in bud turbinate, whitish from a minute velvety pubescence, sulcate-] 0-rib- bed, the alternate ribs excurrent into the 5 triangular acute lobes and forming a straight minute mucro; petals oblong, waved, about 4 an in. long; capsule oblong, mucronate, woody, about 3 in. long. 524 LYTHRARIEE. [ Lagerstremia. B.—Common in the moister upper mixed aes of the Andamans,—Fl. Fuse Inly Fr. C.8.—SS.=878.—Chloritic rocks, RemarxKs.—Wood greyish brown, oo close-grained and heavy. 8. L. flos-reginez, Retz; (L. regine, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t.29; Brand. For. Fl. 240) _—Pyimma .—A tree (50—60 +20—30+4 6—12) , leafless during H.S., all parts glabrous; bark grey; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse at the base, blunt- ish acuminate, almost blunt or bluntish es un petioled, 5-9 in. long, chartaceous, entire, glabrous, more or less parallel- penninerved ; owe wers orgretin purplish lilac or rarely white, 2-3 in. in diameter, on rather thick greyish powdery pedicels, in small peduncled cymes, or the ae ones singly, forming terminal pani- latter long fneclt, acute, thick coriaceous, thickened on the borders; petals about an inch long, almost orbicular, shortly clawed, crumpled ‘ik curled ; stamens all equally long; capsules m oblong a nearly globose, 4 to } in. long, mucronate, 6-celled ; “ seeds brown and smooth, corky, irregularly 3-angular, y expanded into an oblong wing, AB.—Common in the mixed forests, all over Burma from Chittagong and os ee Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation —Fl. H.S.; Fr. CS—lL— Remarxks.—Wood pale or dark brown, rather — sacakel: fibrous, but close-grained, takes a fine polish. O'== 37 pd.—Used for house-posts, 1 beams, scantling for roofs, carts, boats, paddles, oars, etc. Exudes a resin. 9. L. m Wall.—Kone-pyimma.—A tree (30—40+8 —15+5—3), leafless in H.S., all parts glabrous; leaves oblong to — peice de shortly petioled, usually large, especialiy those of the young shoots (attaining sometimes 1} ft.in length), the older ones from 5-6 to 9 in. in laigetis blunt, bluntish apiculate or rarely peak oat chartaceous, entire, glabrous ; flowers from 3 to 34 in. in diameter, lilac or — lilac, on rather thick greyish powdery pedicels, singly or by 2 or 3 in peduncled cymes, os poor and rather short panicles at the end of the branchl calyx in bud __ oblong-turbinate, greyish velvety, finely sulcate, not ribbed, the __ 6 lanceolate acute lobes not thickened along the borders ; petals 1-14 in. long, broadly elliptical or almost orbicular, clawed, crumpled and _ waved ; stamens all equally long ; snesacis 1-14 in. long, woody, - oblong, mucronate ; seeds as in the preceding Sc but larger. 3 aB.—Common in ‘ac Gdods pen forests, Lene eg: sek Mantnbas st wn as Moulmein.—Fi. HLS. ; Fr. C. C8.—1—S8-— josa, Wall. — Foung-ka-lay.—A tree (40—50-+ 15—20 - Duabanga. | LYTHRARIER. : 525 48—5), shedding leaves in H.S.,all softer parts shortly and softly ubescent ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, on a very short pubescent petiole, rounded at the base, more or less acuminate, firmly membran- ous, 2-4 in. long, minutely velvety above, shortly and almost greyish pubescent or puberulous beneath ; flowers small, whitish, on slender pubescent pedicels in peduncled cymes, forming softly, but shortly pubescent contracted panicles at the end of the branchlets; calyx in bud turbinate, densely and shortly greyish puberulous, 4-5- or 6- ribbed, the ribs almost wing-like, lobes as many as ribs, triangular, - acute, as long as the tube; petals minute, not longer than the calyx- lobes, cuneate-lanceolate, acute; anthers purple; capsule oblong, about $ an in. long, mucronulate, 4-6-valved. Haxs.—Frequent in the tropical forests along the slopes of the Pegu Yomah, rather rare in those of Martaban.—Fl. June. SiS. Metam. ReMaRKs.—Wood pale brown, rather heavy, somewhat close-grained, rather coarsely fibrous. Not much used. O'= 40 pd. ‘A - DUABANGA, Ham. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, adnate to the base of the ovary, 4-7-lobed, the lobes very thick, spreading. Petals 4-7, shortly clawed. Stamens numerous, inserted in a single row round a perigynous ring; filaments incurved, thick-filiform. Ovary 4-8- celled, with a hollow axis and very numerous ascending ovules in each cell irregularly attached to the very thick placentas; style elongate, flexuose, with a capitately 4-8-lobed stigma. Capsule wit leaves. Flowers usually large, in pendulous terminal panicles. 1. D. sonneratioides, Buch.—Myouk-gne.—A tree (80—100+ 50—80 + 10—12), shedding leaves in H.S., all parts glabrous, the branchlets 4-cornered and drooping ; bark dark grey, transversely wrinkled and fissured ; cut dryish, pale coloured ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded or almost cordate at the base, on a short singly or by threes, on short peduncles and forming a short, droop- ing, glabrous panicle at the end of the branchlets ;- petals cuneate- obovate, crispate along the borders, about an inch long; capsule the uent in the tropical and mixed forests all over Burma from a Has.—F : Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim, rather rare in the -Prome.—Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. May.—l & s: 1.—SS.—=Metam. SiS., ete. he dry districts of 526 LYTHRARIEZ. [ Sonneratia. —Wood yellowish, turning pale brown or greyish, somewhat mot- tled, heavy, puede fibrous, but rather close-grained, rather hard, takes good polish. 0’=30 pd. Used in house-building. SONNERATIA, Lf. Calyx thick coriaceous, the tube ot Sag bell-shaped, at the base adnate to the ovary, 4-6-lobed, the lobes lanceolate or tri- angular. Petals 4-8, narrow, or see ‘Shae, numerous, in- serted at the summit of the calyx-tube, inflected in bud. Ovary 10-15-celled, with very numerous ascending ovules covering the thick axile —— ; style elongate, with a funnel- or umbrella- shap. Fruit fleshy and oe supported by the wes ; : pulp, angular. —Trees or er : with opposite entire leaves. Flowers often large, solitary or by in the axils of the upper leaves or at the end of the branchlets. * Stigma rifumnasties J abcd capitate, small. Calyx 6-8-lobed. Petals p Leaves obovate, anst; 7 eta Hoper eos oxen else S. acida. O G No petals. Calyx in bud elliptically eo — the tube in — — afterwards strongly 6 . &. alba. Calyx in bud ovoid, obtuse, the tue remaining te . Griffithii. * * Stigma large, m ly 3lin. in piisal By conically umbrella Tike. Gales 4-lobed, terete. Leaves oblong to lanceolate; no petals . oS . S. apetala. 1. 8. acida, L.f. ; Bedd. Sylv. Made. 118 ; Brand. For. Fl. 242.—Tapoo or famoo.— An evergreen small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, all parts glabrous, the branchlets jointed, 4-cornered ; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, tapering into a broad but short ‘petiole, blunt or usually retuse, entire, coriaceous, 2-4 in. long, glabrous, the nerves little or not visible ; flowers about 2 in. in diameter, on very short thick peduncles, solitary at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-tube “ee shallow, about 3 in. across, with usually 6, rarely 7 or 8, thick, reflexed, acute lobes ; petals linear, acuminate, 14 in. long, dark nota g filaments 1-14 in. long ; ripe berries 2-24 in. in espiagi depressed- globular, many-cell ed. the ae from C ittagong own to Tenasserim and the Andamans, ascen _ the rivers as far up as the tidal waves.—Fl. R.S. ; Fr. C81) O88 Sel. acai — Wood soft, light and perishable. 8. age Sm.—An evergreen small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, : often shrubby, all parts glabrous, the branchlets rather terete ; leaves obovate or broadly obovate, at the base decurrent on Ta ; = Be Phvtedd Sees blunt or retuse, 2-4 in. long, coriaceous, ac iit atae N E de tn PE 2h yy Saye | ro Sonneratia. ] LYTHRARIER. «627 glabrous, the nerves little visible ; flowers rather large, about 14 to n. in diameter, sessile on the short jointed pedicel (the base of the calyx finally elongating into a spurious pedicel), usually by 2 or 3, each seated on a terete jointed peduncle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx in bud elliptically oblong, acute, obsoletely cor- nered at the base, afterwards sharply 6- or rarely 7-8-angular ; lobes as many as angles, os ape acute ; petal none ; stamens about 13 in. long ; stigma funnel-shaped ; berries supported by the sige angular arbinate « calyx, deptecstil olga 4B.—In the littoral forests along the coast of the Andamans.—Fl. Apr.- May. se —SS.—Sal. 3. §. Griffithii, Kz.— Zapyoo.—An evergreen tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets terete or 4-cornered ; leaves obovate to obovate- or deltoid-oblong, blunt or retuse, at the base decurrent on the rather short petiole, coriaceous, 3-5 — long, glaucous-green ; flowers pure white, about 3 in. in diameter, sessile on the short jointed pedicel, solitary, on a jointed terete potils at the end of he branchlets ; calyx in bud ovoid, blunt, also in fruit quite terete, 6- rarely 7-8-lobed, the lobes oblong, acute ; stamens and stigma as in preceding species ; berries (according to Griffith) globose, the size of a poppy capsule, on both sides complanate, crowned by the remains of the style and supported by the terete bed calyx. _ lo 4B.—Common in the littoral forests from Pegu down te ai ssocnting the rivers as ar as they are brackish. —FI. Apr.-May.—s,—_S8.=Sal. 4, iat = Buch. ; — Sylv. Madr. 118, t. 15, f 1.—Kan- in pone on terete or d-commeied ahoub an a inch long —— usually by 3-5 at the end of the branchlets ; a in bud se bluntish, terete, 4-lobed, the lobes oblong. acute ; stamens as long as the x-lobes ; stigma very large, conically peltate ; berries globular, as od as a ‘bullet, 4-6-celled, supported by the terete erect-lobed cal a ‘Very common in the littoral (chiefly the tidal) forests of lied coasts of Pegu do to Ten —— ascending the rivers as far as they rackish.— Fi. > Aa ; Fr. R.S—1—SS.=Sal. ReMarKs.—Wood red, aa. strong and hard. Good for house- building, iuademes os 528 SAMYDACER. — [ Punica, PUNICA, L. Calyx persistent, 5-7-lobed, the tube at the base adnate to the ovary, turbinate, widened beyond the ovary. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube. Stamens numerous, in many rows at the summit of the calyx-tube ; filaments filiform, inflected. Ovary inferior, many-celled, the cells super- posed in 2 rows with numerous ovules in each attached in many 1. P. granatum, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 119; Brand. For. Fl. 241.—Tha-lé.—A small tree, often remaining shrubby, with terete sometimes spinescent branches, all parts glabrous ; leaves usually crowded on the lateral short branchlets, oblong to oblong-lanceo- late and linear, on a slender or short petiole, blunt or acute, 14-2 in. of an apple, spherical or nearly so, crowned by the tubular calyx- tube, yellowish green, smooth, containing numerous rose-coloured watery-pulpy oblong seeds in the numerous superposed cells. Has.—Not unfrequently cultivated in the drier parts of Ava and Prome.— Fl. Jan.-Feb, SAMY DACEA. hr sistent, 3-7-lobed, the lobes imbricate or valvate, Petals 3-7 perigynous and im | or glandular. Stamens perigynous, indefinite or rarely definite, usually opposite the petals, and alte . scales. Ovary superior or more or less inferior, 1-celled, with 2-3 _ Seeds often arillate, with a fleshy albumen. Embryo straight or nearly so, the radicle next the hilum ; cotyledons flat.—Trees or shrubs, with usually alternating simple leaves. Stipules or none. Flowers inconspicuous, in racemes, panicles, or ge On ge ag a ee ee ee er ITO Re gear Og ch a tial gee ee a res At ae Casearia. } - - SAMYDACE. 529 A small order of no particular uses. The timber of some spe- cies of Homatlium is very close-grained and hard. Petals none ; stamens 6-15 ; ovary superior « « Casearia. Petals 4-12 ; stamens as many or more; ovary inferior ° + Homalium. CASEARIA, L. Calyx-tube short or reagent SA pct the limb 4-5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens 6- 15, or rarely more, pd a with as somewhat tea ie and opening into sales, or more fleshy and its wager Seeds - often with a bright-red érillng .—Trees or diameter ; ae Sos nd aie glabrous - C. canziala, Young — calyx, pedicels, and often also the nerves B under side of the serrulate leaves, puberulous; flowers only a line in diameter C. glomerata, xx Stamens and staminodes 8 each, united ‘at the base ae hens A a broad disk round the ovary Alt picts alata Beers and pedicels, more or hee tat cutie ve pu * * Fila ments short, onl only as ‘long ¢ as the an thers. All parts, also the flowers and sey to more or less aca es a! ee . C. tomentosa. - C. vareca. antes’ Wall ik es (405041525 4.3 —4), leaf. ae in Ti. s. all parts. ibe glabrous ; bark 4 an in. thick, dry, wers than 2 lines in diameter, too A, on = lin. long glabrous pedi- c or somewhat longer, oblong, 1-celled, 2-valved, containing 3 to 6 = veloped in a red arillus. —Frequent all over Pegu an na Martaban, especially in the lower mixed oa Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. May-June.—s+1—SS.=All. RemarKs.—Wood eis, pale brown. ae) 2K 530 SAMYDACER, [ Homalium. ves; sepals 5, about half a line long, oblong, rather blunt, densely puberulous outside ; stamens 8, not united at the base, alternating with as many clavate fringed staminodes ; filaments slender, many times longer than the anther ; ovary glabrous ; style pubescent, rather short ; stigma large; cap- sules on 4-5 lin. long stiff peduncles, elliptically oblong, 2-valved, berry-like, about 6 lin. long. Var. 1. glabriuscula ; leaves almost glabrous. _ . Var. 2. puberula: petioles and leaves beneath on the nerves puberulous. ) Has.—var. 2: in Chittagong; var. 1: Ava, Kakhyen hills. flowers minute, greenish white, on short glabrous pedicels, arising from densely scaly tawny-pubescent axillary buds, and clustered ; included, the filaments rather shorter than the anthers, alternating ‘with as many oblong short staminodes ; ovary and the short style glabrous; capsules small, about 3 lin. ong or somewhat. longer, sessile, trigonously ovoid, glabrous, l-celled, few-seeded, the seeds enveloped in a scarlet aril. HOMALIUM, Jacq. Calyx-tube turbinate or oblong, at the base adhering to the ovary, the limb 4-12 lobed. Petals as many as calyx-lobes. Sta- alternating with glands. Ovary parietal 2-6-ovuled placentas in Homatium. | ‘SAMYDACER. 531 dotted leaves. Flowers in axillary spikes or racemes or in terminal panicles, : % Stamens solitary and opposite the petals. © Flowers about 2 lin. in diameter. Ovary villous; leaves coriaceous, tomentose or puberulous beneath ; flowers tomentose, sessile ; racemes robust, tomentose , . 4. tomentosum. Ovary villous; leaves thin chartaceous, pubescent on the nerves; flowers tomentose, shortly pedicelled; racemes pubescent, er’. . eetee ° . . . . . H. Griffithianum, O Flowers about a line in diameter. Oo All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous. . - +» A. minutiflorum. > Stamens by 2 or more, opposite the petals, All parts , quite glabrous. Ovary glabrous; racemes slender, glabrous ; stamens by twos. A. fetidum. Ovary tomentose ; flowers longish pedicelled, in divaricate terminal panicles; stamens by threes . . ‘ : . . + A Schlichii, 1. H. tomentosum, Bth—Wyouk-chaw—A tree (80—90+4 40 —50+8—10), leafless in H.S., the branches horizontal, all softer _ parts more or less pubescent or tomentose ; bark very thin, quite smooth, green-herbaceous below the white secedent epidermis ; leaves broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, on a very short thick petiole, blunt or apiculate, more or less repand-crenate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long, glabrous above, beneath more or less puberulous or _ tomentose, strongly parallel-nerved; flowers minute, greenish, al- st sessile, in small clusters, forming robust, tawny or whitish tomentose racemes in the axils of the leaves and usually much longer than them ; calyx-tube short, conical, tomentose ; lobes 5 or 6, linear- almos oblong ; petals as many an t conform with the calyx. lob ) Has.—Common in the mixed forests from Chittagong, Pegu, and Martaban down to Arracan, rare in Prome.—Fl. Fr. Noy.-Jan.—1.—_S$.— wo S28. RemarxKs.—Wood light yellow, turning pale to greyish brown, very hea’ 5 very close-grained, but of unequal fibre, rather soft, takes very fine polish. a =56 pd.—Used for teeth of harrows. Good for furniture. 2. H. Griffithianum, Kz.—A small tree, all younger parts softly tawny-pubescent ; leaves oboval to obovate-oblong, on short, but slender densely-pubescent petioles, apiculate or shortly acuminate, especially towards the point more or less coarsely repand- toothed, thin chartaceous, while young pubescent all over, when adult, especially on the nerves, pubescent or pilose; flowers yel- lowish white, small, about 3 lin. in omnia tS short. oo pedicels, soli or more generally by 2 or 3, forming simple, slen- er, densely pest Seon aati saslinien or racemose panicles in the Sd 532 SAMYDACER. [ Passiflorea. axils of the leaves and usually as long or longer than them ; calyx- tube short, conical, tomentose ; lobes 6, linear, acuminate, pubescent, about 3 lin. long; petals 6, obovate-cuneate, twice the length of the calyx-lobes, very villous along the borders ; stamens as long as the petals, filiform ; ovary villous. Haz.—Tenasserim. - H, minutiflorum, Kz.—A glabrous evergreen tree; leaves oblong, on a strong petiole 3-4 lin. long, bluntish apiculate, 3-5 in. long, coarsely crenate, thin coriaceous, glabrous; flowers minute, about half a line in diameter, on short, filiform, glabrous pedicels, clustered, forming simple or slightly branched glabrous racemes either solitary or by pairs from the axils of the leaves ; calyx glab- rous, the segments oblong-linear, . villous-ciliate ; filaments very slender, placed singly opposite the petals. 4. H. foetidum, Bth.—A small evergreen tree, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves from broadly oblong to elliptically oval, on a thick, smooth petiole 3-4 lin. long, apiculate, coarsely crenate-toothed, chartaceous, 4-6 in. long or longer, glabrous ; flowers 6-10-merous, greenish, about 2 lin. in diameter, on very short puberulous pedicels, Haxs.—Tropical forests of Chittagong,—Fl. H.S. : PASSIFLOREA, Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, regular (in Papayacee the ales and females dissimi )}. Calyx-tube short or rarely elongate ; or more, valvate, or moreor less imbricate. Petals as many and alternating and more or - Carica. | SAMYDACER. 533 ) with leafy cotyledons, the radicle next the hilum.—Climbers or rarely erect shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, or divided leaves and stipules. Flowers solitary or in cymes or racemes, axillary, Tendrils axillary, often accompanying or terminating the peduncles, or none. CARICA, L. Flowers unisexual and sometimes hermaphrodite, the males and females dissimilar. Calyx very small, 5-lobed. Corolla of the males salver-shaped, with a slender elongate tube, in the females without tube and the lobes erect and deciduous. Stamens 10, inserted on the throat of the corolla, 5 of them alternating with short filaments, the others opposite the corolla-lobes and sessile ; anthers adnate to the filament, erect, the connective often shortly produced. Ovary in the males reduced to a subulate rudiment, in the females free, sessile, 1- or spuriously 5-celled, with numerous (rarely few) ovules attached in two rows to the 5 placentas ; style very short or none, terminated by 5 simple or lobed stigmas. Berry large, fleshy, many-seeded. Seeds with a mucous firmly adhering arillus, the testa smooth, wrinkled or echinate. Albumen fleshy.— Trees or shrubs, abounding in milky-juice, with alternate, large, palmate or rarely digitate-foliolate leaves. Stipulesnone. Racemes or panicles often peduncled, axillary, without bracts. 1. C. papaya, L.; Brand. For. Fl. 244.—Thimbaw.—An ever- green glabrous tree (20—25+16—20+ 1—3), with a cylindrical naked stem forked-branched at the summit, and bearing there — numerous crowded, large, long-petioled leaves ; leaves on 14-24 ft. 534 DATISCACER. [ Tetrameles. long petioles, palmately 7-9-lobed, with the shorty acuminate lobes entire or again lobed, glabrous, entire, 14 to 24 ft. in diameter ; flowers white, very shortly pedicelled, cymose, forming long- peduncled, glabrous, pendulous, axillary, bractless panicles; parila of females with a tube las 3 in, long, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 lin. long ; female flowers much larger and thick, sessile, with- out a tube, the petals oblong, about an inch long, saccate at the base ; fruits oboval, obtuse, from 4 to 1 ft. long, green, then yellow- ish, smooth, obsoletel y 5-angular, the whole inner surface covered with seeds, ‘the latter about a line long, black, tubercled, surrounded by a succulent, thin, pellucid arillus. Has.—Generally cultivated all over Burma and adjacent ge sometimes springing up spontaneously.—Fl. Fr. nearly the whole year. SS.—= Remakks.—Wood spongy, fibrous, coarse and very eek Baden a white resin. The milky juice of the unripe fruit is a powerful v Water i impregnated with the milky juice makes all sorts of meat une 2 it DATI. 8 CACEZ. Pernales =< her. maphrodites : ee ate adnate to she ovary ; : lobes 3-8. Stamens as in the males or reduced to staminodes. Ovary 1-celled, open or closed at the summit; placentas parietal, with many anatropous ovules in 2 or more series ; styles as many as placentas, simple or 2-parted, stigmatic inside or terminated by capitate stigmas. Capsule membranous or coriaceous, dehiscing between the styles, many-seeded. Seeds minute, the testa punctate or striate. Embryo cylindrical, imbedded in the axis of ue scanty ince: radicle elongate, next the hilum.—Large trees or herbs, with simple or gases leaves. TETRAMELES, R. Br. Flowers dioecious. Petalsnone. Males: calyx-tube very short ; al. angular or none. Females: ae almost PaNetitcog with 4 short lobes. Staminodes none. hie open at the apex, the ovules nserted in 3-4 rows on the parietal — ; Po 4, short, Capsule membranous, open a ; and 4 styles.—Large trees. Flowers inspikes simple ~e Tetrameles. | _ ARALIACER. «685 1. T, nudiflora, R. Br.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 212 —Thit-pouk.— A tree erm —150 + 80—100+4 10— —15), leafless during H.S., the young shoots tawny pubescent or velvety, the trunk much buttressed at the base; bark grey, ¢ in. thick, smooth, beset with numerous bursted warts about an inch thick, the outer pergamaceous skin easily separating ; cut dry, pale brown ; leaves rotundate or broadly ovate, on 23-4 in. long petioles, rounded or almost truncate at the ase, acute or acuminate, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, irregularly bluntish toothed, membranous, 8-5 in. long and nearly as broad, beneath puberulous or pubescent ; the nerves very pin flowers very small, apetalous, greenis oecious, sessile or nearly s puberulous spikes crowded at ‘the apex of the rather thick leaileis branchlets; calyx glandular-viscose, in the females about a line long ; capsules ovoid-globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, mem- branous, viscose, open at the 4-styled almost 4-angular mouth. Has.—More or less common in the tropical forests all over Burma from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans; rare along choungs ofthe Prome district.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. May-June.—s. 1.—SS.=Metam. ; RemMARxKS.—Wood brown, light, coarse-fibrous, rather loose-grained, value- ess. ARALIACEA. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, regular. Calyx-limb forming a slightly raised line or short cup round the summit, trun- cate or toothed, or quite inconspicuous. Petals 5 or more, rarely 4, valvate, shortly inflected at the tip and often cohering (very rarely blunt and imbricate). Stamens as many as petals or sometimes more ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel and opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2- or more- rarely by abortion 1-celled, with a single anatropous ovule in each cell suspended from the summit ; styles as many as cells, either distinct with small terminal stigmas, or united in a cone, or more or less reduced to a slight protuberance with inconspicuous § stigmas. Fruit more or less drupaceous and indehis- cent, the epicarp succulent, rarely almost dry and thin. Seeds, solitary, pendulous, enclosed in in pyrenes. Albumen homogeneous or Embryo minute, near the apex, with a superior radicle.— eg palm-like, shrubs, or climbers, with alternate, compound, or rarely simple leaves. Stipules none. Flowers small, in umbels or heads, often collected into panicles. : This “family includes the ginseng-root (Panaz ginseng, Mey.) 536 ARALIACER. [ Aralia. * — ee or less imbricate in bud. Gynoecium 2-5- ‘Styles hee: leaves pinnate or decompoun Aralia, * Pet s valvate in bud, or spa firmly cokering. Stelios man sing + Album er at Se te aay) teclgsi 2- Greil 1-4) -celled. Flowers 5. Styles from the base 5 fears erect, then — _— — 1-foliolate, or rarely eel or digi cee a under ne fags . Panaz. Sti, and divergin ng ; styles united in a column ; cs palmatif or lob — pedicels not jointed - Brassaiopsis. x X Ovary 5- or more accu by abortion 3-4) 5 4 Pedicels jointed below the cies On leaves : . Polyscias. + t+ Pedicels not t jointed. pee digitate; flowers 5- 6 (rarely-8 meres ‘ ‘ . . Heptapleurum. Leaves often palmatifid ; flowers 8-12-m x ‘. . Trevesia. on Albumen ne _ Pedicels not jointed; ovary 1 3 leaves pinnate or simple . Arthrophyllum, Pedicels not jointed ; leaves innately pompous: ovary 2-celled . Heteropanar. Pedicels jointed ; leaves digi ; . Macropanaz. a0 Stamens tin oe peta Is firmly cohering ; gynoe- cium up to 100-merous; leavesdigitate . . Tupidanthus. ARALTIA, L. Calyx-limb somewhat prominent, truncate, repand or very shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, blunt or very shortly inflected, acuminate, more or less imbricate in bud. Stamens 5; anthers oblong or rarely ovate. Disk almost flat or sometimes conical, with a free border. Ovary 2-5-celled ; styles free or shortly united, the stigmas termi- nal. Fruits laterally compressed or {in a dried state) 3-5-cornered, the pericarp fleshy ; pyrenes 2-5, compressed, ui gaa or hard. Albumen homogeneous.—Perennials, hie or small trees, often armed with bristles or thorns, the naa somewhat Seca tcont from the base of the petiole. Leaves alternate, pinnate or pinnately pound. Flowers usually _paaemonely dioecious, in umbels, or panicles. Pedicels jointed. 1. A. armata, Seem Oke evergreen small tree; leaves decom- pound, the petiole and rachises all glabrous and sparingly beset with hooked thorns; leaflets ovate-oblong or oblong, on very short | mapid petiolules or almost sessile, finely acuminate, serrulate, mem- » 13-2 in. long, minutely inspid and, especially along the with stiff. b “ ristles ; flowers minute, whitish, on ‘stiff, heat 2 lin. _ long, hispid pedicels, forming small peduncled "3 arranged to large, lax, shortly hispid, but partially glabres- size of: a uanees glabrous, 5-mero In =f thorny seeing at the end of the branchlets ; —— eae a Panax. | ARALIACER. — 537 PANAX, L. Calyx limb usually slightly prominent, truncate or shortly 5- toothed. Petals 5, valvate, often cohering with their tips. Sta mens 5. Disk broad and not thie hick, the margins sometimes pro- minent. Ovary 2- rarely 3 8-celled; styles 2, rarely 3, erect and sometimes cohering, then distinct and recurved. Fra it flattened, with a more or less succulent pericarp; pyrenes hardened, some- times 2-ribbed on the dorsal edge. Albumen homogeneous.— Trees or shrubs, with decompound or 1-foliolate, rarely pinnate or digitate leaves. Flowers in umbels, heads or racemes, forming usually compound racemes or panicles. Pedicels jointed. ves decompound-tripinnate ; leaflets ig ela ? . PL. fruticosus, Leaves 1-foliolate ; leaflets acutely s serrate . . . . P. cochleatum. 1. P. fruticosus, L.—An evergreen shrub, all parts glab- rous; leaves decompound-tripinnate, 1-14 ft. long; leaflets vari- able in shape, usually more or less lanceolate, the lowermost ones usually broader, often variously laciniate, bristly-serrate, acuminate, 1-2 in. long, membranous, glabrous; flowers small, greenish white; in small umbellets forming large terminal glabrous panicles ; calyx- limb 5-toothed; petals 5, linear, first spreading, then reflexed ; berry 2- or 3-lobed, small, "Jead-coloured. ene era cultivated in the shade of villages in the southern parts of Burma.—Fl. —_ “BRASSAIOPSIS, Dene. & Planch. Calyx-limb usually somewhat ayy minutely 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5; filaments filiform. Disk broad, oom narrowed into the style-column. Cane often also 1- ; stigmas sessile and diverging. Fruits Seca or oblong, Sista, the ‘endocarp pergamaceous, didymous or ae the pericarp more or less succulent or chartaceous. Seeds hemispherical or terete. Albumen homogeneous.—Small trees of the habit of Tre- vesia, with aoe or lobed leaves. Flowers in umbels fro of the ; ea palmately 7-9-lobed (the lobes broad, shortly acumi- soe ware : (th the base), remotely toothed, fnembrahous, while young along with the petiole densely 538 ARALIACER, [ Heptaplenrum, scurfy-tomentose, turning quite glabrous ; flowers on long jointed icels, arising in umbels from a dense head of rusty-tomentose bractlets and forming large axillary racemes at the end of the branches ; fruits elliptical, terete, the size of a large pea, crowned . by the minute calyx-teeth and the slender style-column, containing 1 or often 2 pergamaceous 1-seeded pyrenes. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans; also Chittagong.— Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.=Si8. HEPTAPLEURUM, Gaertn. Calyx-limb hardly visible or the teeth minute. Petals 5 or 6, rarely more, valvate. Stamens as many as petals. Disk convex or conical, in the male flowers concave. Ovary with as many cells as petals ; styles united in a short cone or column, with as many sessile scarcely prominent stigmas as there are cells. Fruit almost globular (in a dried state often angular) with a fleshy pericarp; pyrenes laterally compressed, crustaceous, chartaceous or hard. Seeds laterally compressed. Albumen homogeneous.—Trees or tall shrubs, often chmbing, with digitate or digitately compound leaves. Flowers usually unisexual, in umbels or racemes, forming large panicles or rarely racemes. Pedicels not jointed. Climber, glabrous ; stigmas dot-like, immersed on the ovary . - H, venulosum. Erect trees ; styles united in an elongate column; leaflets on thick rather short petiolules, not lobed . . : = ‘ - HX. glaucum. Leaflets on very long and slender petiolules, usually pinnatilobed, quite glabrous. . s . . F : : - H. hypoleucum. 1. H. venulosum, Seem.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 122; Brand. For. Fl. 249.—Baloo-let-wa.—An evergreen woody climber with cable-like stems, all parts glabrous ; bark smooth, grey or almost white; leaves digitately 7-9-foliolate, long-petioled; leaflets on _. long petiolules, obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded at the base, more or less acuminate, entire, pergamaceous or almost coriaceous, nerv laxly veined on both sides; flowers minute, greenish yellow, on slender pedicels, in small, long-peduncled umbellets, form- ing glabrous racemes collected into large terminal panicles 3 ealyx hardly 3 lin. in diameter; petals 4 lin. long; fruits the size of a _ pepper-kernel, sharply angulate. ~ ee ropes in the mixed forests all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava — to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—FI, Apr.-May.—_s+1—SS,—SiS, , | | q a ; 4 é a Trevesia. ] ARALIACER. 539 long petioled, digitately 7-foliolate, more or less tawny or greyish floccose-scurfy while very young; leaflets oblong to pontmonste) on } to 3 in. long petiolules, very variable in size (from 5-10 in. long), rounded or obtuse at the base, ACURNREN, simple, entire or remotely serrate, coriaceous, glaucous beneath ; flowers small, on scurfy long pedicels, in long-peduncled umbels collected into tawny scurfy-tomentose racemes or panicles at the end of the — and usually shorter than the petioles ; styles united into a colum at the summit, diverging into 5 stigmatic lobes; fruits ploul, the size of a small pea, fugaceously scurfy-tomentose while youn in a dried state bluntish 5-cornered. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of = ee hills, at 5,000 to 7,000 tt elevation.—Fr. March.—s.—SS.=Meta . H. hypoleucum, Kz.—An evergreen tree, about 30 to 40 ft. hie remaining stunted and much branched in higher regions, all arts glabrous ; leaves on petioles 14 to 20 in. long, digitately 5-7- foliolate, scurfy tomentose while very young; leaflets on slender petiolules 3-4 in. long, oblong or elliptically oblong, obtuse or rotundate at the base, very variable in size (6-12 in. long), pinna- tilobed (the 5-7 lobes much acuminate), rarely simple, entire or serrate-toothed, quite glabrous, chartaceous, glaucous or almost whitish beneath ; flowers tomentose, very shortly pedicelled, in long. species densely se head-like umbels forming racemes arranged i to panicles, Se hill forests of Martaban, at 6,000 ft. urea; in Khakyen hills. -—SS.—Metam. TREVESIA, Vis. Calyx-limb entire, waved or repand-toothed. Petals 8-12, valvate. Stamens as many as petals. Disk convex, conical or tapering into the style-column. Ovary 8-12-celled ; styles united a short cone or elongated column, the stigmas termin al, sessile and annular. Fruit ovoid or almost globular (in a dried state often furrowed) with a fleshy epicarp ; aaa laterally te oe pergamaceous or crustaceous. Seeds laterally ——— bu- men homogeneous.—Small trees or shrubs, often armed, wi ages mately lobed or digitate leaves. Flowers polygamous, rates large, umbellate, in panicles. Pedicels not jointed. T. palmata, Vis.— Baw. —An evergreen treelet (10—15+6 day ; palm-like, armed with short conical very sharp thorns, the young shoots rusty mealy-tomentose ; leaves large, about 2 ft. in diameter, on a very long somewhat spiny petiole, usually deeply palmately 7-9-lobed, with the acute or shortly acuminate lobes 540 ARALIACER. [ Arthrophyllum. Has.—Common in the tropical forests of Ava, Chittagong, and Martaban down to Tenasserim, rather rare in the Pegu Yomah, up to 4,000 ft. elevation. —Fil. March-April; Fr. June-July—s.—SS. = SiS. Metam. ARTHROPHYLLUM, BI. Calyx-teeth 5, short. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Disk expanded, with a free waved margin. Ovary 1-celled, with a soli- tary ovule, the very short style confluent with the raised centre of the disk. Fruit ovoid or almost globose, l-celled and 1-seeded. Albumen ruminate.—Trees, with alternate or occasionally opposite pinnately compound or simple leaves. Umbellets forming larger umbels. Pedicels not jointed. # scent umbellets collected into larger ones usually furnished with simple or irregularly 3-foliolate floral leaves 3 petals about a line long; calyx of fertile flowers ovoid, more than a line long, minutely toothed ; berries ovoid-oblong, on rather stiff pedicels 4-2 S in. long, about 3-4 lin. long, smooth, crowned by the opercle-like _ Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the western coast of South Anda- ‘man.—s.—SS, 318., ete. os HETEROPANAX, Seem. | .! al x-limb minutely toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5; \ BR a Ce: Oe ee pe SEES re pe Eh hee tg ago a eh Poeun degrees coe lig WE Gd Macropanaz. | ARALIACER. 541 a ; Styles 2, filiform, free from the base, the stigmas nearly inal. Fruits almost didymous, laterally compressed, coria- ceous ; . Pyrenees crustaceous or hard. Seeds compressed. Albumen ate.—Trees, with pinnately decompound leaves. Flowers um- bello, in racemes, forming terminal panicles. Pedicels not jointed. H. fragrans, Seem.; Brand. For. Fl. 249.—Ta-chan-sa.—A tree Het facies every remaining stunted in poor soils, leaf- less during H.S.., all parts glabrous; bark about an inch thick, smooth, grey ; cut sappy, pelecooroures leaves large, pinnately decompound, glabrous, the pinne at their forks usually supported by a pair of simple opposite tae leaflets variable in size, usually 4-5 in. long, ovate, on rather short, thick petiolules, acute or obtuse at the base, acuminate, entire, almost t coriaceous ; flowers small, whitish tomen- tose, umbelled, the umbels collected in racemes, forming terminal, Has.—Frequent in the leaf-shedding forests all over Burma from Chitta- gong a Ava down to Tenasserim, ascending into the gaa fa forests to 3,000 ft. elevation —Fl. Jan.-Feb.; Fr. May-June.—l.—SS.=petrophilous and A Dil. Remarxs.—Wood light brown or grey, rather heavy, fibrous, but close- grained, very perishable. MACROPANAX, Mig. Calyx-teeth 5, distinct. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5; fila- ments filiform ; anthers ovate or oblong. Disk thick, poe like, or almost conical, in the centre produced into the style-column. Ovary 2-ce ; styles united in a column, the stigmas terminal. Fruits aia globular or ovoid, fleshy; pyrenes chartaceous or crustaceous. Seeds rather thick, “compressed 0 m the back, flat or concave in front. Albumen ruminate or a pon wey coo eniig aul shrubs, thorny or unarmed, with digitate leaves. Flowers ae mous, umbelled, or rarely in heads, forming large panicles. Pedicels eer at ae 1, M. oreophilum, M ig.—An evergreen tree (3 0—40+20—30 +2—3), all an glabrous ; leaves digitately 5-9-foliolate, glabrous, on a long petiole ; leaflets lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, on rather long petiolules, obtuse or acute at the base, acuminate, serrate-toothed ; flowers small, slenderly pedicelled, forming rusty= puberulous racemes collected into large panicles. a e damp and drier hill forests of the Martaban hills east of go Belge Sep oay 6,000 it. elevation; also Ava, Kakhyen hills. —s.—SS. =Metam. 542 CORNACER. [ Tupidanthus. TUPIDANTHUS, Hf. & Th. Stigmas up to 90 and more, sessile, arranged in sinuose lines round the centre of the obscurely lobed disk. Berry coriaceous » Many- 1. T, calyptratus, Hf. and Th.—An evergreen scandent tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, all parts glabrous; leaves large, long-petioled, digitately 5-8-foliolate ; leaflets oblong to obovate-lanceolate, long- petioluled, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers rather large, greenish, on thick half an inch long pedicels, umbelled and forming a short, robust, lateral, glabrous raceme; calyx }-3 in. across, very thick. 3 Has.—Tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Arracan Yomah. CORNACEA. _ dons.—Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with opposite or rarely alter- _ nate, simple, or slightly-lobed leaves. Stipules none. Flowers _ usually small, in axillary or terminal heads, cymes, or corymbose tanks amongst the best tonics in North America, and ‘amber of a few A ead of Alangium and Marlea is good. The Alangium. | CORNACER, 543 %* Petals narrow-linear, Anthers basifiz. Style elongate. Albumen ruminate . . ° ° . : . Albumen homogeneous ; ‘ ‘ : ° ‘ : - Marlea, Petals short. Anthers dorsifix, Style short. Petals 4 Cornus. ALANGIUM, Lamk. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube turbinate, often sulcate, the limb truncate or 5- to 10-toothed. Petals 5-10, narrow-linear, valvate ; stamens as many, or more usually 2-4 times as many, as A tree, often armed ; petioles 6-8 lin, long; petals 10-6; filaments densely pilose at the base . . ° : a : A large climber, unarmed; petioles shorter ; petals 6; filaments sparingly pilose at the base . . . . . . . A decapetalum. A. Sundanum, 1. A. decapetalum, Lamk. (4. Lamarckii, Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 215; Brand. For. Fl. 250.)—A small tree or shrub, unarmed, ‘tical pubescent or glabrous petiole, bluntish or shortly bluntish acumi- nate or apiculate, rounded to acute at the ase, 3-5 in. long, entire, chartaceous, above glabrous or almost so, beneath shortly pubescent, puberulous or altogether glabrous ; flowers cream-coloured or white, axils of the leaves or above the sears of the fallen ones ; pedicels short, few-bracted, tomentose ; calyx densely tawny tomentose or velvety, more or less distinctly 5- to 10-toothed ; s 5-10, narrow-linear, about an inch long, blunt, tawny-velvety outside; stamens 3-4 times as many as petals; filaments very short, densely hirsute; dr oblong, 3-4 in. long, smooth, crowned by the calyx-limb, contain- ing an oblong, 1-seeded, bony stone. Has.—Burma (according Rev. Mason).—Fl. Apr.-May.—1. ReMaRxKs.—Wood strong, very close and even-grained, dark brown, easy to work, %. A. Sundanum, Mig.—A large evergreen climbing shrub, the leaf-buds slightly pubescent ; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong, on a slender glabrous petiole 2-4 lin. long, apiculate, 3-5 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous and rather glossy; flowers cream- ™ 544 CORNACER. [ Marlea, coloured, rather large, very shortly pedicelled, in small, grey- tomentose cymes at the end of the branches or from the axils of the leaves ; calyx Spee shorter than deep, about a line long, densely greyish or tawny-greyish tomentose ; petals 6, more than 4 in. long, linear, pubescent 3 style glabrous ; filaments sparingly pilose at the base o Sa ae. .—Tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl. Apr. — Les etc. MARLEA, Roxb. Flowers hermaphrodite ; bashed tube aeteis age or almost pool drical, the limb cupular, minutely 4-8-toothed. tals 4-8, free, or at the base cohering dae a tube, linear. Sate ns as many as petals; filaments free or their base adhering to the petals ; anthers narrow-linear, adnate, eer: laterally. Disk cupular or cushion-like. Ovary 1-3-celled, or 1-celled at the top and 3-celled below, the ovules solitary and Loripedt 3 style slender, with an entire or lobed stigma. Drupe small, containing a small 1-2-celled and -seeded putamen. Albumen fleshy. —Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, or lobed leaves. Flowers in axillary, simple, or dichotomous cymes ; pedicels join ~ Petals about a an in. long or shorter ; connective glabrous; leaves glabro . M. begoniafolia. Petals Sealy an inch tong connective pilose ‘and bearded ; leaves se rulous beneat . KL, tomentosa. . M. bego: nisfolia, ak; Brand. For. Fl. 251.—An ever- ae tree (60-70 + 30—-40-4 4,—5), the young shoots tawny-pubes- cent ; ros from broadly and obliquely ovate-oblong to ovate, on a 1-1 ong, soon glabrescent petiole, acuminate, simple, or Sapte iabed: or often produced into 1-4 short acuminate lobes, ee, 4-6 in. long, 3-5-nerved at the base, glabrous, or with a tuft of hairs in the nerve-axils beneath, the principal nerves often punarewen? 4 Tionets tathie? small, on short ae thick minutely bracted jointed pedicels, forming a glabrous or puberulous, peduncled dichotomous cyme in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; calyx glabrous or pubescent, short; petals 6-8, narrow-linear —— outside, about 4 in. long or somewhat shorter ; filaments : road, tawny hirsute; anthers and connective quite _glabros ; style glabrous or Sppresscd hirsute with a coherent 4- oS stigma; disk —- ; drupes ovoid, the size of a small coro | y the minute ca ae es ‘containing a 2-celled D .—Rare in the ical forests of Martaban; Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. 1-May.— 188 Metam, © oe Cornus.| “CORNACER. 545 2. M. tomentosa, Endl.—A tree (90—100+40—50+4 6—9), probably evergreen, all softer parts more or less puberulous ; bark } _ in. thick, dark-grey, covered with small pustules ; cut greenish pale- brown ; leaves more or less oblique, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, on a pubescent soon glabrescent petiole 1-14 in. long, shortly acu- minate, simple or sometimes 4-5-lobed, 5-8 in. long, membranous, 5-6-nerved at the base, above along the nerves and beneath all over shortly puberulous ; flowers conspicuous, white, turning yellowish, i joi i racted many as petals; ments short, compressed, ovate-oblong, very villous ; anthers all along the connective villous and bearded to- wards the apex; disk minutely puberulous; style nearly an inch long, glabrous, capitately 4-lobed. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban.—Fl. March, Apr.— s:1.—SS.=Metam. Remarxs.—Wood pale brown, close-grained, with a silvery lustre, rather closely fibrous. CORNUS, L. : Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube turbinate, urceolate or bell-shaped. Petals 4, oblong or ovate, valvate. Stamens 4; fila- ments subulate or filiform; anthers oblong. Disk cushion-like or obsolete. Ovary 2- very rarely 3-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style filiform or columnar, with a capitate or truncate stigma. upe fleshy or sappy, containing a bony 2-celled putamen. Seeds com- pressed, the testa membranous. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs, with opposite or very rarely alternate simple leaves. Flowers small, in dichotomously branched cymes or in nude or involucrate heads. |e _—- Wall.—An evergreen (?) tree (20—30 + (?)4+14 —3), all parts glabrous; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, taper- ing into a thick glabrous petiole $-4 in. long or somewhat longer, acuminate, entire, 3-5 in. long, almost coriaceous, glabrous, beneath 2 1 [<> COkmACERD” | [Cornus. silky puberulous ; petals linear-oblong, about 2 lin. long, usually a il appressed puberulous or glabrous outside; anthers pur- ple; drupe outta fodinaay cal wned by the a aera smooth, the —Bize rte a pepper kren containing a or very rarely a 3-celled : ae in the drier hill forests of the Martaban eae? oe of Toun- ghoo, at 4,000 to 40'7,000 ft elevation.—Fl, Fr. March,—1.—88.= % Be ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. P. 8, below line 4 from above, insert : Plumbaginee.—Calyx tubular; stamens 5; ova 1. celled, with a single ovule suspended from a free filiform Make. styles or style-branches 5; seeds rarely albuminous.—Herbs or rarely shrubs, with radical o r alternate leaves. P. 8, after line 4 from beneath, insert : Gentianee.—Anthers free ; ovary 1-celled with 2 or Siig! more parietal placen- tas, rarely 2-celled ; ovules numer — style s fruit a ae uae indehiscent or berry-like; seeds albuminous. “Tether rarely shrubs 0: sometimes twining ; leaves opposite or ra satay alte P. 66, line 13 from below, read “ C. Aaees Jor © C. reli- cae couR FP, a . si 9 from below, read “half the size” for “ doubled, maller.” 13, line 25 from below, read FLACOURTIA /or FLO- P. 88, line 7 from above, read “ deliciously ”’ for “ delicious.” P. 96, line 19 from below, read “ basal ” for “ bisal.” P. 121, No. 2. H.scaphula, Roxb., is an Anisoptera, and should be inserted after A nisoptera glabra on page 112. P. 188, after 9. Sterculia rubiginosa, Vt., insert: 9b. St. Rox a - —An i glab- rous ; leaves oblong to oval an herpes ingen, rounded at the base, on a slender petiole 3- 1 in. long and thickened at both ends, cuspidate, 3-5 in. long, chartaceous, entire, glabrous ; flowers small, scarlet, on capillary slightly stellate-hairy pedicels, ary 2 slender axillary racemes up to 23 in. long ; calyx bell-shaped-rotate, glabrous, bout 4-2 in, ye the lobes aces, Te roe about 2-3 lin. long, acute ; oan cae anceolate, somewhat curv: exed-acuminate, 2-3 in. long, crimson, ro’ ish “phd oabiiide and quite plalrvies pa smooth in side, containing 4-8 ovoid id s es cudiacong Fi. Feb.-March; Fr. B.8.—s. P. 139, line 17 from below, izsert + after 120. P, 194, line 3 from below, read ATALANTIA /or ATLAN- P. 233, line 23 from above, read O. acuminata for O. a ee and line 4 from below, read 0, acuminata, Wall., for 0. Zey- lanica, L., and omit the tation of “ Bedd. Sylv. Madr.” 548 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. P. 257, after Hippocratea macrantha, Korth., insert : . H. Lobbii, Laws.—A cl imbing (?) shrub ; —_ canes! elliptical, almost inate, rape, — 3-4 in. long by 3-2 ‘bro es 2-3 times divided, n th x-] shorter yo n ship ovate, slightly eohasitig at the base, entirely covered on the inside with dense ash-grey hairs, 2 lin. long; anthers almost sessile—(After Lawson.) AB.—Upper Tenasserim, P. 265, before ZIZYPHUS, nsert : 2. Berchemia polyph oes Agee ase thee (?) shrub, the rae lg puberulous ; leaves ovate, blunt, on s petiole } in, long, 1 flowers on 14-4 li oe stesight peti forming axillary racemes ; rt 5- left, the lobes triangular, a 3 petals 5, orbicular; stamens 5; fruit 2 in. long. Closely allied to 3. Dlasicsese: chi pe son.) AB,—Ava, P. 267, after 4. —— see eo ansert : ch long, strongly 3-nerved, fine ned transversely eo mars "and aaa ooh -glossy ; ‘Riviees 1, on puberulous pedicels a lin. long, clustered and forming 2 -f small short-— a. tawny-pubescent cymelets arranged -_ elongate axillary panicles ne longer than the leaves; calyx rusty-p bout a line across, the lobes 3-angu- lar, about + lin, long ; petals small, orbicular, owed. _ -Hap.—Ava hills. P. 288, line 15 from above, read “ tabular” for “ tubular.” P. 328, after 6. —— grandis, Jack, insert: 7. C. stictophyllus, Kz.—A shrub or small t e young shoots rusty puberulous, the branchlets belie and copiously corky- Sentiieliegs leaves pinnate, on a slender petiole while young mages 3 with the rachis) fug: aceously brown puberulous leaflets in 2 pairs with a longer petioled odd one, elliptically oval to oval-oblong, on aslender petiole about a line a a unded at the base, 14-23 in. long, glabrous, pergammentaceous, apiculate, et gear Sather beneath, while young strongly bullate-dotted , ons oe ta -tomentose pedicels, forming brachiate tawny-pubescent abies e cymes on rather ange peduncles _ of 1-2 in. length arising from the axils —. the upper aves or collected into a larger terminal corymb; aly a or osm e sepals incur lala somewhat longer than a line, i vaviculnr -keeled ; petals linear, bluntish, long, rusty or brown tomentose stamens 10, the glabrous filaments united at base mas tube 5 ov ovary rusty-villou Has.—Adjoining Siamese provinces, —F], May. P. 342, in the key of DALBERGIA, omit lines 15 and 16, and correct thus : ous, : sir ne 7 ‘the tube; infloresce nee glabrous ere ts stipulacea. 4 ie x oe isles as long as the calyx ; eon and bract- tent, and rather co -teeth ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 549 Branchlets canned “paigeeg densely pubescent; calyx a line ong; coroll . D, volubilis, Brancblets leila “ples = almost slabrous; calyx 4 lin. inig corolla 1} lin. D. Thomsoni, P. 847, cut out 18. Balbcreta rubiginosa, Bth., and replace it by: 13. D. Thomsoni, Bth.—A large scandent shrub, probably evergreen, all nearly glabrous, the branchlets verrucose; leaves unequally pinnate, shortly petiolod, the petiole and rachis ‘slightly pubescent ; leaflets in 5-4 pairs with an odd one, shortly and slenderly petioluled, obovate, acute or nearly cuneate at the bens, rounded or almost retuse, 3-1 in, long, Agee somewhat larger, coriaceous, glabrous ; A —_ mall, almost t sessile, one — forming forked and almost scorpioid slender cymes arranged into usually terminal, slightly Seep glabr wiht Lee = the bracts minute ot ate $ lin. long, almost glabrous, the teeth minute; corolla bout a line long or somewhat longer ; — — into 2 separate sheaths ;