Ope ts

: \AN9
DUTCH N.W. NEW GUINEA.

A CONTRIBUTION
TO THE

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND FLORA

OF THE

ARFAK MOUNTAINS, &c.

BY

1 3: GIBBS, F.L.S., F.R.M.S.

a

With Four Plates and Sixteen Text-figures.

(Read before the Newcastle Meeting of the British Association

for the Advancement of Science, September 1916.)

LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

Jccy 1917.

Price 12s. 6d.

MissOuUR! BOTANICA

SGanaen LaseAnd

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,

(All rights reserved.)

CONTENTS.

1 a. Mossless Forest.
1. Araucaria Forest.
2a. Intermediate Mossy Forest.
28. Dwarfed Intermediate Mossy Forest.
2 y. Shrubberies.
3. Mossy Forest.

—+#$t4--—
ie PAGE
INTRODUCTION
1. Hisrortcan cn
2. SumMMARY OF Previous Work
8. Scope AND ConpiTIons OF PRESENT WoRK ...
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE COUNTRY 7
1. TopoGrRapHy éy 7
a. The Immediate Shore Laie 8
6. “ Korang” or Coral- Timsesbone Zone see 9
ce. Inhabited Zone of Foot-hills and Lower Cue xis 11
d. Crests of Main Range and Lake Basins 11
2: |_Murisactous 13
3. PHYTOGEOGRAPHY 14
ITINERARY. AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF VEGETATION ... 15
a. Beace Formation: Immediate Shore-Line ©.. # ‘s 15
b. Inunpation Forest Betr: “ Korang” or Coral-Limestone jeu 16
c. SEconDARY Associations: Inhabited Zone of Foot-hills and Laver
Ranges ce — es eet
d. Low Mountatn Forest Formation aBove : 000" (to which ie
matic collection was limited): Crests of Main Range and Lake
Basins ; oe aw oe sa ‘21
PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE LOW MOUNTAIN FOREST .
' FORMATION oc ive ae “ 27
A. Forrest AssocraTIons 27

iv-

Pace
a. S.W. RipaE “ti av sete
1a. Mossless Forest, +7 000-75 500’ Y Cirsed 440-50") ae §
2a, . Intermediate Mossy Forest, 7500-8500’ (trees 20-40")... 28
3. Mossy Forest, 8000’ (trees aoe ses ove eae
b. Lake Bast, 7000’ . - ere ae ee",
2 a. Intermediate ‘Wecy Forest (tres 40-50 Vive vee We ae
1. Araucaria Forest... ve ive ‘ou vie we Ok
3. Mossy Forest : ats wi Ue
2 6. Dwarfed Titeriediabe Mossy Forest tines 10’) ste wee Oe
c. Stopes oF Koeprié Mountary _... eve OS

2 a. Intermediate Mossy Forest, 7000-7500 (nets 30-40") : 33
2. Dwarfed Intermediate Mossy Forest, 7500-8500’ edd

10-30')... ne ee
2 y. Shrubberies borderi = ‘Crest af Movntsin, 8500-9000" ve Oe |
B. Oren “ Opportunity ” ASSOCIATIONS ... as eh a wee |
a. S.W. River, 7000-8500’ .".. ie ae ve wee ia: oe i
Papuan Rest- and Camping-places sb ‘i vey iw. oe
Small Landslips ... A tes in i “ee oe q
b. Marsu sy 2 Laks, 7000’ ... Wwe ie we We << e
Sand Pans with running water... af we ay in ee
Denser Sedge Growth in Boggy Areas... 1 vee ie ae
Shallow Standing Water ... eee a ee iia i ae
Grass-jungle on Edge of Forest .., ie “i is ive ae
c. Open Sumit or Korsrt Movunraty, 9030' a mae OOF
Cladonia Association wit Soy ee ie wi we 37

PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL CONCLUSIONS
SOME PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE N.W. COAST ate «x 40
SYSTEMATIC RESULTS ave oe oti es sve ove we Oe

PRINCIPAL BIBLIOGRAPHY =.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED ..,, a OS

1, Arrak Mountains a sis as wise Prk sea “ao ;
2. Doret Bay, Istanps to Humpoupr Bay Ge oe Pe cee 486 J
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES oGe ki a ns oa Bae |

[ The altitudes given are approximate.]

A CONTRIBUTION

TO THE

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND FLORA

OF

DUTCH N.W. NEW GUINEA.

INTRODUCTION.

1. HISTORICAL.

TuE history of the navigation and exploration of New Guinea from the
earliest times has been most exhaustively summarised by Dr. Wichmann in
the two volumes of history included in “Nova Guinea.” The following
account is, therefore, strictly limited to records of botanical collections and
observations in N.W. New Guinea alone.

From historical times the N.W. coast of Dutch New Guinea paid tribute
to the Sultans of Tidor, and was subsequently included in the Residency of
Ternate, which now administers the whole of the Sultan’s dominions.
Ternate, the capital, has always been the centre of the N. New Guinea
trade in Birds-of-Paradise, the “Passaros del Sol” of the old Portuguese
navigators, who widely distributed these highly prized objects both east and
west, Oriental potentates and Moorish sultans with their courtiers vying in
the possession of such treasured symbols of royal power and magnificence,
which adorned the headgear on ceremonious occasions.

Subsequent to this the golden returns from the spice trade in the
Moluccas, a monopoly most stringently held by the Dutch East India Co.,
attracted the attention of other European nations. In the search both for
wild varieties of the precious trees and suitable areas for possible exploitation,

B

2

‘N. New Guinea offered the most promising field, the Dutch, from their base
in the Moluccas, again holding most ef the trumps. All navigation or
detailed survey of the N.W. coasts of the country, with investigation into
the numbers and condition of the inhabitants, dates from this period—about
the 18th century.

In recent years, thanks to the dictates of fashion and enhanced value, the
volume of the trade in Birds-of-Paradise has again enormonsly increased,
regulated, however, in the Dutch Possessions by most adequate measures,
stringently enforced, for the protection of these beautiful creatures.

All intercourse in N.W. New Guinea during the open season is dependent
on this trade. Thanks to the enterprise of Tidorese, Malay, Arab, and
Chinese traders, in whose hands it is chiefly concentrated, the coast Papuans
have been brought more or less into contact with the outside world. This
has resulted in a certain amount of intermarriage, as a ready means of con-
solidating and extending trade relations in the chief centres of distribution,
and also in spreading a knowledge of Malay, even in remoter communities.
In the season the chief trading-stations swarm with the miscellaneous agents
engaged in this lucrative business, whilst the Papuans are occupied in hunting
in the interior on their own account, or for the various Ternate traders or
agents, so that it is next to impossible to obtain quarters or procure native
hunters or carriers. It is advisable to take this fact into consideration in °
connection with biological work in this part of the country.

2. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS WORK.

Geelvink Bay was first discovered and mapped out in 1705 (21, i.
138-152) by Jaeob Weyland, who commanded the ships ‘ Geelyink’ and
‘Nova Guinea.’ In the course of his work he touched at Dorei Ba a
situated to the N.W. of Geelvink Bay.

In 1775 Forrest (1, 95-114) in the ‘Tartar, a 10-ton ship, in which
he had sailed from Balambangan to obtain nutmeg and clove trees for
the purpose of introducing them into that island, ! spent part of January
and February at Dorei, enjoying fine weather all the time, and his
excellent straightforward account is quite one of the best relating to this
place. The ‘Tartar’ lay off Wousi, where Forrest describes the whaleback
Papuan houses spreading over the water, as they are still to be seen at the
present day, and also the Arfak Mountains rising below Dorei. He even
mentions Oranswari and Wariap as two inhabited places along the coast
to the south, and notes the correct time to reach them by fast sailing in a
favourable wind. He states that the people had many praus, and were said

! Off N. Borneo,

3

to deal honestly with the Chinese who traded with them, conditions which
still prevail.

In July 1824, Duperrey (21, i. 316) in the ‘Coquille’ spent over a
fortnight at Dorei, and the first collection of plants from there was made
by Lesson, the surgeon accompanying the expedition (2, ii. 534).

Dumont d’Urville (8, iv. 578-612) in the Voyage of the ‘ Astrolabe’ gives
a very good general account of Dorei Bay, where he stayed in August 1827,
after the discovery of Humboldt Bay, which was named, but not touched ut.
He mentions taking in water “au limpide ruisseau de Wirsi,” and refers to
the very rainy weather. The local Papuans are described as living in terror
of the Arfakis, some mountain tribes established above Wousi on what is
now the site of Manokoeari, who were always treacherously attacking the
coast people, one such attack occurring during the stay of the ‘ Astrolabe.’
Lesson, who accompanied him, made another collection of plants.

Wallace in 1858 (5, ii. 298-326) spent three months and a half, from
March to July, at Dorei Bay collecting zoological specimens, and was there
when the 8.8. ‘ Etna’ (8, 78), fitted out by the Dutch Netherlands Indian
Government for ethnological and natural history ‘investigations, put into
the bay in June of that year. Some of the ‘ Htna’s’ company attempted to
ascend the Arfak (8, 73) from the N. side, but turned back after reaching
1500'.
In September 1872, D’Albertis (9, 67-71), having spent three months at
Andai with Beccari making zoological collections, succeeded in reaching
Hatam, an Alfuero village, situated at 5000’, three days’ journey from Andai,
where he spent a month, enduring great privations. This intrepid explorer
was the first European to penetrate into these mountains and reveal their
ornithological treasures, for, of the magnificent collection of Birds-of-
Paradise and other types obtained by him, nearly all proved new to
science.

In June 1875, Hatam was again visited, this time by Beccari (11, 35-38),
who spent a month in this inhospitable place, much hindered by rains and
swollen torrents. He attained 2040 m. in exploring the surrounding heights,
and brought back, in addition to much valuable zoological material, a large
collection of plants unfortunately not yet fully worked out.

Rosenberg in 1869 and 1870 (10) made several journeys to Dorei and
the adjacent islands of the N.W. coast, of which he gives an interesting
description. Accompanied by Malay hunters he spent three months at
Andai, staying with the Missionary Woelders, with the intention of attaining
Hatam (10, 99). Several abortive attempts were made, and he claims this
achievement for his hunters, a claim since disproved (21, ii. 142), A
vocabulary of the Noemfoer (coast) and the Alfuero (mountain) languages,

with some excellent original drawings, are included in his book,
B2

4

Teysmann, the well-known Dutch botanist, visited Dorei in 1871 (14,
61-95), and also touched at Andai and Wariap in coasting up Geelvink
Bay, making large collections of plants.

In 1891 one of Veitch’s orchid collectors, David Burke (21, ii. 539),
a gardener, made his way to Small Hatam, a remarkable feat, referred to
by KE. St. Vraz, who in 1896 (15, 232-235) spent several weeks in Great
Hatam, some distance beyond Small Hatam, which he states was D’Albertis’
and Beccari’s objective. Though much hampered by rain and the usual
difficulties with carriers and hunters, the standing barrier to all work in the
mountains of this country, St. Vraz’s account is detailed and interesting.

In 1898 Manokoeari (21, ii. 677), the old Alfuero ‘““campong”’! on
Dorei Bay, was raised to the status of a Government Station, to which
Mr. van Oosterzee was appointed Assistant Resident, an appointment held
until 1913, when he was obliged to retire through ill-health.

In April 1904 (17, 998-1021) van Oosterzee visited the Angi lakes,
the first European to explore the more southern portion of the Arfak. On
arriving at Ternate, on the way to Manokoeari, I heard with great regret of
the serious illness of this very able administrator, who during his 16 years’
residence at Manokoeari had made himself familiar with the Papuans and
their language, his sympathetic rule giving him unusual influence with the
chiefs, or ‘ Koranos” as they are called. Manokoeari also bears witness
to his initiative in the beautifully situated Residency and “ Pasangrahan,” ?
in avenues of Casuarinas shading the level white roads, in the efficient water
supply, substantial pier with well-arranged godowns, and the broad street of
Chinese “ tokos” ®.

In 1908 Pratt, the well-known collector, with his two sons, spent some
time at the Angi lakes. They were accompanied in the first instance by
van Oosterzee, who, however, returned immediately to the coast.

In 1912 (25, 77-78) Gjellerup, attached as Officer’ of Health to the
Exploration Detachment 1911-12, proceeded to the lakes, accompanied by
a mining engineer named Hubrecht. They spent April and May in that
region, where the former made important botanical collections, now in course
of publication in ‘*‘ Nova Guinea.” Unfortunately, many specimens were lost
owing to the desertion of his carriers.

I had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Gjellerup in Java soon after his return
from New Guinea, and acknowledge with keen appreciation his generous
kindness in giving me the fuilest benefit of his experiences, not only
in relation to valuable details in organization and the areas to which he
had devoted most attention, but also for most welcome data on Papuan

* Campong, @ native settlement or village,
* Rest-house.
3 Shops.

5

idiosyncrasies, with special reference to the mountain tribes and the best
method of dealing with them.

On my return from Wariap in 1913 I was fortunate in finding Mr. Pratt
and his sons at Manokoeari, where they had arrived to organize another
expedition to the Angi lakes. I gladly welcome this opportunity of thanking
them for permission to reproduce the successful photographs subsequently
taken in that region, including several purely botanical subjects selected
especially at my request. My own results there had not proved satisfactory.

3. SCOPE AND CONDITIONS OF PRESENT WORK.

The chief objective of the present work was a direct outcome of results
obtained and observations made on Mt. Kinabalu in British North Borneo
in 1910,

The great interest in the higher regions of that mountain lies in the extra-
Malayan facies of the vegetation and elements in the systematic composition
of the flora. The predominance there of species in Orchidacee, Myrtacez, |
Kricacez, chiefly Rhododendrons and Vacciniums, is such a striking feature,
that one felt it must be derived from some more continental type of
vegetation than the limited occurrence on an isolated mountain could
account for.

Celebes and the Moluccas did not suggest sufficient scope for the proposed
key to the solution; but the mountains of New Guinea with their huge
area, approximate rainfall, and great altitude offered a perfect basis of
comparison ; while Dr. Beccari’s description in ‘‘ Malesia”? of his work and
observations on the plants found by him on the Arfak mountains showed a
very close approach to the phytogeographical facies of the Kinabalu “ Massiv.”
This impression was further confirmed by the account of Mr. Pratt’s first
expedition to the more southern region of the range, and a few plants collected
by him in an open marsh by the larger of the two Angi lakes, kindly
shown to me at Kew by Dr. Stapf, finally led me to decide on that locality
for comparative work.

Through thé broad-minded interest and influence of my friend the late
Sir Kenelm Digby, permission for the expedition was accorded, through the
kind offices of the Foreign Office, by the Government of the Netherlands.
I must express my deep gratitude to His Excellency Mr. A. W. F. Idenburg,
then Governor-General of the Netherlands-India, for the extreme courtesy
of his reception and the interest he evinced in the scientific objects of the
projected work, the success of which was assured, thanks to his generous
assistance and detailed instructions.

My thanks are also due to Mr. ©. Lulofs and Mr. J. C. Kielstra for
much kind attention during my stay at Buitenzorg.

At Ternate the Resident, Mr. Ch. L. J. Palmer van den Broek, was

6

again most kind in forwarding my plans, and from Mr. L. J. J. M. (now
Captain) Tabbers, Acting Assistant-Resident at Manokoeari, I met with
every assistance which military training in grasp of the situation, judgment
of men, and appreciation of fact and detail could do to ensure success.
To Captain J. F. E. ten Kloosten, who most kindly procured me
Dr. Gjellerup’s sketch-map of the Angi lakes from the military carto-
graphical office at the Wousi Bivouac, with permission to reproduce the
same in this work ; to Mr. J. W. Langeler, of the Dutch Navy, attached
to the Mamberamo expedition ; and to Mr. F. J. F. van Hasselt, Chief
Missionary at Manokoeari, I am further indebted for much help and
thoughtful consideration.

Any difficulty in reaching Wariap, about 60 miles south of Manokoeari,
the best point of departure for the mountains, was obviated through the
kind offices of Captain J. V. L. Opperman, Commander of the Mamberamo
expedition 1913-1914. He gave me, with the escort kindly provided by the
Dutch Government, a passage in the Government boat the ‘ Valk,’ which
was conveying his expedition to its destination. The ‘ Valk’ landed us at
Waren, 10 miles south of Wariap.

As there had been recent fighting between the coast and hill people,
Mr. Tabbers judged it advisable to send an unusually strong escort, com-
prising five Amboinese armed policemen, “ Pradjoerit,” and ten convicts,
“ Orang ranté,” attached to them, to help in the carriage of provisions should
the Papuans desert, according to their usual custom. It was no doubt partly
owing to these two circumstances that all my carriers remained with me on
this occasion ; I noticed great reluctance to stray far from the protection
of the guns,

The sergeant in charge, always called “ Serzan,” a Timorese, who had
served for 20 years through the Achin campaigns, was a most capable and
tireless little man, a thorough soldier, not only very clever in handling his
own men, who did him credit, but also in dealing with the Papuans, not
such an easy matter.

The “ Orang ranté,” all enormous men, who made a great impression on
the Papuans, turned out very handy and willing. One of them acted as
my cook, both in the meuntains and until my departure from Manokoeari,
while several became quite expert in carrying out botanical processes.
It is a great tribute to the humanity of the Dutch rule that men like these
Malays, to whom confinement is death, should be sent to expiate their
offences, chiefly crimes due to jealousy and gambling, in outlying stations,
where they have congenial work under easy and almost independent
conditions. Escape is out of the question, as the Papuans shoot at sight
any stragglers in the forest so it is not even necessary to guard them, while
the best behaved are allowed to earn money by gardening or acting as
“boys” to the civil and military officers.

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE COUNTRY.

1. TOPOGRAPHY.

Fria, 1.

The north-west coast of New Guinea is bleak, mountainous, and ‘sparsely
inhabited. The mountains, from 5000-7000’, rise abruptly from the sea,
there being little sloping foreground and few small bays to shelter

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= ot? *»
(Maios Wa ar pe?
gr yes,

open Str

2.

Geelvink Bay Abt

lobe

N.W. New Guinea.

the schooners and Papuan praus, which only trade during the favourable
monsun. There is no good anchorage for large boats between Sorong, an

island on the extreme north-west, the first point of call, and Dorei

Bay,

a fine harbour, consisting of two bays, sheltered by the islands of Mansinam
and the much smaller Meoswar. A low mangrove spit, on which a Papuan

8

“ campong ” is situated, separates the two bays, the further one being much
smaller, very shallow, and probably rapidly silting up.

Manokoeari lies in the centre, on the lower slopes of a very recent
“korang” or coral limestone range about 500’ in height, while to the
east the coast runs out into a low peninsula, where most of the Papuan
plantations are situated, the soil there being much better than that of the
sterile “ korang ” of the range.

To the south rise the Arfak Mountains, 9000’ high, which run in
parallel ranges down the western shore of Geelvink Bay, at about forty
to fifty miles inland, except at one point—Tanaroeboe, one day’s journey
along the beach from Andai, where spurs from the mountains abut steeply
on to the sea. How far south the range extends has not been determined, —
nor whether it is continuous with the mountain chain of the north-west coast,
as some writers have inferred.

The main buttress of the Arfak rises above Andai, a Papuan “ campong ”
at the mouth of the Andai River, about four to five hours by native prau
across the bay from Manokoeari. From Andai there is a tract to Amberbaki
on the north-west coast, which passes through Hatam, a four days’ journey
according to Rosenberg (10, 79).

The two small Angi lakes, to the vicinity of which this collection was
limited, lie at an altitude of 7000! and 9000’ respectively, on the southern
portion of the range. The lakes are accessible from several points on the
coast, of which the immediate shore-line only is sparsely inhabited, the
few inhabitants being restricted to the beach, hence their name, “ Orang
pantai”’ or “ beach people.”

A huge intervening low-lying belt of coral limestone or “ korang ”
extends from the beach to the foot-hills of the Arfak. This tract of country,
_ intersected by the alluvial terraces and large inundation-areas of the rivers,
which pour down from the mountains in the rainy season, is devoid of
inhabitants and suggests very recent elevation. :

The main topographical features of this part of the W. coast of Geelvink
Bay may therefore be roughly divided into four zones, which also corre-
spond to the general plant-formations :—(a) The Immediate Shore-Line ;
(6) “ Korang”’ or Coral-Limestone Zone; (c) Inhabited Zone of F oot-hills
and lower Ranges ; (d) Crests of main Range and Lake Basins from 7000’.

a. THe IMMEDIATE SHoreE-LIng.

The immediate shore-line is sparsely inhabited, though many fine rivers
and torrents sweep down from the mountains, With the exception of some
mangrove formation, between Dorei Bay and Andai, and Oranswari and
Wariap, the beach Sweeps southward, consisting of big stones, shingle, or

2

loose sand. Large blocks of coral, as if just broken off from the reef, lie at
the water’s edge, where the surf beats ceaselessly and the dip of the beach
is generally too steep for native praus to land without running the risk of
being smashed to pieces. It is the presence of landing-places, with good
water, which limits the stages in the tedious journey along the beach from
Andai to Sjari.

The rivers in flowing into the sea either break up into many shifting
mouths or are barred by banks of sand or shingle into semi-lagoons, with
only a small exit to the sea.

Most of the trees fringing the beach are prostrate or semi-prostrate, as if
torn up by the force of the waves. Stagnant lagoons, impenetrable bog, and
shallow standing water occur in parts, while the undergrowth is covered
and the ground strewn with seaweed, evidence of the retreating swirl of
great waves. ‘The natives told me that when the north wind blows the
sea washes all over this belt of country, fish being often found stranded
on bushes far inland. |

The few small native ‘‘campongs” are placed just above the beach,
where sand-banks have accumulated, on which some Casuarinas mark the
permanence, as at Wariap and Warén.

I returned from Wariap by the beach in December 1913, the first time
this journey had been made by a European, to be followed by Mr. Pratt in
April 1914, at the height of the north monsun. He described the whole
region as then more or less under water, the rivers, pouring down from the
mountains in floods, being beaten back over the land by the huge surf raised
by the north wind, which bars the exit of their waters to the sea.

This interesting observation accounts for the shifting river mouths, and
also explains why the native habitations are generally so far from water and
so few in number.

b. “* Korane” orn Cornat-Limestonr ZONE.

Behind the beach the low-lying belt of “korang,” covered with forest,
stretches uniformly from the coast to the foot-hills of the Arfak, a sterile
porous formation showing so little depth of soil that it gives the impression
of walking over a reef.

Rosenberg (10, 80) in 1870 refers to the recent appearance of this coral-
limestone area, which he concluded must be still rising, and he quotes the
older inhabitants of Andai as saying that they remembered low scrub where
the forest now stands.

Van Gelder (20, 94) considers that a gradual rising of the whole of the
north coast of New Guinea is taking place, or a lowering of the sea-level,
which amounts to the same thing. He found evidence of this fact at

10

Manokoeari, in the presence along the beach, at slight elevation above the
sea, of an undoubtedly very recent “Schelp Conglomeraat ” (shell-limestone)
that must have been formed in the surf zone.

The rivers cut their way through alluvial deposits of mud or sand, or
form great open spaces—their present inundation-areas, all sand and stones
in the dry season, but which, in the wet, are lakes of standing water.

Fie. 2.

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.

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Scale 1;350,000

Map oF Anat Laxss
(reduced from Dr, K. G. Gjellerup’s sketch-map).
Dr. Gjellerup’s route.

At Wanessi, the head of such an area on the Momi River, a day’s journey
from Wariap, the remains of an old “ campong ” can still be seen, where
some of the hill people tried to establish themselves, but were forced to retire
to Wariap on account of the floods.

This belt is uninhabited.

11

c. INHABITED ZONE or Foor-HiLLts AND LOWER RANGES.

Once on the foot-hills the character of the country changes : the ground
is broken by rocky outcrops and boulders, and the streams are now mountain
torrents, plunging over great boulders which form their beds.

Crossing the Soedomi River, a rocky stream which falls into the Momi,
one mounts steeply up the flanks of the spurs to the crests of the ridges,
which are cleared. Native houses are first seen at about 1000’, and from
thence upwards, on the crests and slopes of the ridges, where the soil is
deep and easy to work, there is evidence of extensive cultivation, past
and present.

All the region of the subsidiary spurs and lower ranges seems to be
inhabited. From commanding views it is easy to trace the line of the ridge,
by which the approach to the lakes is made from Sjari, by the smoke rising
from the houses, which are always perched in a conspicuous position,
probably for the double purpose of observation and defence. Only in the
case of one or two head-hunting tribes, who seem to inspire the whole
neighbourhood with terror, were the houses situated on the lower slopes.

On the third, or Sjari ridge, from the Soedomi River, one looks down on
to the Momi again, which rises in these mountains at right angles to its
coast course. From below Soekoem the course of the Momi River (fig. 2)
is erroneously indicated ; it should be that suggested for the Ransiki River
(fig. 2).

Van Oosterzee (17, 999), who went up from Sjari, 20 miles along the coast
from Wariap and 10 miles south of Warén, mentions crossing the rivers
Warén and Waidiri, both flowing into the Momi, but the Warén enters the
sea at Waren, halfway between Sjari and Wariap. The Soedomi was tlie
only river we crossed, coming up from Wariap, till the Momi was again met
with as a rocky torrent. Crossing to the west bank of the Momi we climbed
another long spur in a westerly direction, till the latter joined the crest of
the main range at 7000’, called the S.W. ridge in this work, where the
inhabited zone suddenly ceases, a fact probably determined by the steeper
gradients and narrower crests, and the exposed and poor gravelly soil.

d. Orests oF Matn Rance anp LAKE Basins.

The route to the lakes lies along the narrow crest of this ridge, marked
as “ Bonjas Gebebergte ” on fig. 2, which runs 8. to S.W. from 5000-85007 in
height, bounded on the west by a valley, said by the Papuans to be that
of the river issuing from the largest of the two lakes (Tilaan of fig. 2), and
on the east by short spurs which run down to the Momi valley.

The Angi lakes are situated at about 7000’ and 8000’ respectively,
separated on the west by the long Koebré Mountain, 9000’ high, and

12

bounded to the east and the south by the S.W. ridge. The largest lake is
called the Warmasin Bean or “* Woman” Lake by the Papuans, in contra-
distinction to the higher and smaller one, the Warmasin Snoon er “ Man”
Lake. These names are so well recognised that the Malays with me
invariably referred to each lake as “ Prempuan” or “ Anak,” the Malay
translation. According to Gjellerup (25, 77), the greatest length of the
lowest or ‘* Woman” lake is 9 km. south-west to north-east, and the greatest
breadth is 4 km. on the south side. This lake is so deep that van Oosterzee
(17, 1010) found that, on the south side, at a few hundred m. from the
edge, he could no longer touch the bottom after 90 m. Gjellerup (25, 77)
states that eels are the only living fish init. On the north side the con-
verging hills gradually slope into a marsh, the exit of the Tilaan River,
which, according to both van Oosterzee (17, 1018) and Gjellerup (25, 77)
joins the Ransiki River, which is stated by the former to fall into the sea
at Wariap, obviously a mistake for the Momi River.

The western shore of this lake is inhabited by a small Alfuero tribe, their
communal houses being in four groups on the extreme edge of the water,
in separate bays, the “kebuns” stretching up the slopes behind. Further on,
the sides of Koebré rise steeply from the water, while to the south a low
ridge, about a couple of hundred feet high, connects with the S.W. ridge,
which forms the boundary to the east.

The smaller or “ Man”? lake is reckoned by Gjellerup (25, 77) as roughly
about 4 km. from the “ Woman” lake, and he gives its north and west sides
as inhabited. Van Oosterzee (17, 1013), who spent most of his time on
the upper lake, estimated it to be 7 km. long, and 2 broad in the southern
portion and he counted some thirty houses on the western shore with
about 1000 souls ; the houses seemed to me more numerous to the south-
west, and I hardly think there can be so many inhabitants at the present
time. He mentions the morass at the north end of the lake, also rafts
on its surface, the cultivation of potatoes on the shores, and that eels
are the only fish found in its waters. St. Vraz (15, 234), while at Great
Hatam, heard from the natives that at four days’ journey south there was a
large lake called “ Tschemti,” with many fish and crocodiles, on whose banks
Manikianos lived.

Inquiring of some of the Papuans with me, who had been up at the lakes
before, if it were possible to reach the north coast and Manokoeari from the
upper lake, they answered “ Yes,” and that it took twenty days, but, of course,
in their estimate of time they would lose count beyond a certain number.
Van Oosterzee met some Papuans (17, 1010) by the lower lake, who told
him they had come from the north, and Gjellerup (25, 77) also mentions a
way to the north coast, facts which agree with St. Vraz’s information.

As I heard it was possible to return to Wariap in two days by keeping

to the 8.W. ridge, I decided at once on such a welcome alternative to the

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13

five days spent in coming up. Our return
route therefore followed the S.W. ridge,
leaving the spur by which we had ap-
proached it from the Momi to the right.
Continuing due north we gradually de-
scended to about 5000’, then bearing east
along a lateral spur which finally dipped
very steeply to the rocky bed of a tribu-
tary of the Momi. After crossing the
latter, we emerged on to the north bank
of the Momi River, where we bivouacked
for that night, returning to Wariap the
next day.

The chief difficulty of this somewhat
strenuous route is the want of water,
there being none between the vicinity of
the lakes and the tributary of the Momi.

According to fig. 2 this route would
follow the “ Bonyas Gebebergte,” which
join the spurs of the Arfak indicated on
the sketch-map to the north of the sup-
positional position of the Ransiki River.

The altitudes in the sketch- map,
judging by the character of the vege-
tation, seem somewhat underestimated.

2. METEOROLOGY.

The following facts referring to the
north-west coast are taken from Braak’s
(24, 210) paper on the climate of New
Guinea, which summurizes all the infor-
mation at present available.

On the north coast the east or dry
monsun prevails from May and June to
September and October, though even
then much rain may fall. In Mano-
koeari the east monsun is the driest time
(24, 219). It is probable that in the
interior the difference between the cha-
racter of the E. and W. monsun is much
less pronounced.

In N. New Guinea it is at present
not possible to give actual figures, though

14

it may be accepted that the temperature throughout the whole year is very
constant, and that the mean variation is probably between 26° and 27° C.
(24, 223).

Braak’s table (24, 221) quotes the average rainfall for several years for
Sorong, Manokoeari, Djendé on Roon Island, and Windesi to the south
of Geelvink Bay. In both the latter stations the rainfall is much higher
than on the more exposed N. coast at Sorong and Manokoeari.

In the historical summary the prevailing weather has been quoted
whenever recorded, and it will be seen to vary considerably. At Mano-
koeari, January and June were considered the wettest months. During
a stay there in November 1913 the weather was very fine; jbut on my
return in December the rainy season had set in and there was rain every
day, generally in the afternoon, the temperature being markedly cooler.

In the intervening period, spent at Warén and Wariap, on the coast of
Geelvink Bay, in the Arfak, and on returning to Manokoeari along the
coast, only three half-days of rain were experienced, and these occurred on
the way up and while at the lakes, where the rain was also accompanied
by strong wind. Otherwise the fine still weather was a constant source of
amazement to the Papuans, the rainy season being well overdue, and they
attributed this lucky chance to the fact that sometimes at the oe of the
monsun a short halcyon period of fine weather sets in.

At Warén and Wariap a very strong N.W. breeze scsiieintily sprang up
between 3 and 4 P.M., causing a sudden fall of temperature.

Unfortunately my only available calendar was lost at Warén. Con-
sequently, no readings were taken either there or at Wariap, and only one or
two in the mountains, which were as follows :—

On the Momi River, 3500’. 75° F. 6p.m.

On the crest of the 8.W. ridge, 8500’. 68°F. 4 p.m.

On the “Woman” lake, 7000’. 60° F. 7 A.m.; and on the following
day at the same hour, 55° F.

Up at the lakes it was always cool in the early morning, the sun being
very hot in the middle of the day, but cooling down in the afternoon and at
night, though warmer than at the same altitude on Kinabalu. Both Pratt
and Gjellerup reported very wet weather during their several stays at the
lakes.

3. PHYTOGEOGRAPHY. :
The general plant-formations, as is shown below, agree in broad dutline
with the topographical zones already described. They are :—

(a) Beach Formation : Immediate Shore-Line.
(6) Inundation Forest Belt : “ Korang ” or Coral-Limestone Zone,

15

(c) Secondary Associations : Inhabited Zone of Foot-hills or Lower
Ranges.

(2d) Low Mountain Forest above 7000’: Crests of Main Range and
Lake Basins, 7000-9000’.

All systematic collection was limited to the last formation.

ITINERARY AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF
VEGETATION..

(a) Beacu Formation.

Permanent sand-spits, Waren and Wariap.

The beach at Warén forms a long sweep on each side as far the eye can
reach. A plantation belonging to a Japanese, who with his son had permission
to accompany me to the lakes, was situated at the mouth of the Warén River,
which, dammed up by a sand-bank, formed a green lagoon, with only a very
narrow outlet to the sea. A clump of Casuarina equisetifolia proved a certain
stability, but the river-exit, with the dip of the beach, must be always in a
state of flux with each N. monsun season. The great accumulation of sand
to which Warén and also Wariap owe their security from the inroads of the
surf, must be due to the amount brought down and deposited by the rivers
at their mouths.

Where the beach broadens out in the immediate vicinity of Warén,
a Pes-capre association with Tacca pinnatifida is formed, to be succeeded by
typical beach-shrubs, like Thespesia populnea, Canavalia obtusifolia, Scevola
Koenigit, Vitex trifolia, Clerodendron inerme, Premna nitida, and a Gmelina,
probably villosa, which must successively bank up the sand against the wash
of the surf, as the Japanese had cleared behind them and planted coco-nuts
on the pure sand, with cotton and pineapples as undercrops. This is the only
spot along the coast besides Wariap where suclia risk could be taken. Where
the beach was lower and narrower, the surf washed through heach-jungle or
under Casuarinas to the overhanging fringe of forest trees.

Sub-emerged Beach.

It is several hours from Warén to Wariap along the coast to the north,
by what may be styled a sub-emerged beach. A little beyond Warén the
sand decreases in volume, strand plants disappear, and the beach narrows
considerably. Huge trees of Barringtonia speciosa lie prostrate to semi-
prostrate over the sea. Young plants of Pandanus sp., Dracena angustifolia,
an immense Crinum, probably C. macrantherum, with giant stools of
Asplenium Nidus, no doubt displaced from the branches of trees as they
fell, crowd the ground, all dusted over and growing plentifully amongst
much water-washed débris and plant detritus, both terrestrial and marine,

16

which, with myriad prostrate Barringtonia-seedlings, attached by the one
anchor-root, all pointing seawards, bear witness to the force of great waves
retreating from their rush inland.

In many places this undergrowth was so thick, or the prostrate trunks so
numerous, that it was easiest to walk through the surf, outside the branches
of the fringing trees. The rivers, where there is no sand to bar their exit,
form small mangrove swamps at their mouths, which have to be waded
through. In one of these small swamps a tree covered with a vine of
Mucuna Kratkei, also known from the N.E. and S.W., whose numerous huge
racemes formed a dome of brilliant red flowers, was a magnificent sight.

Wariap.

Here, where the people all remembered Mr. van Oosterzee and the
Pratts, I was welcomed as an old friend—the ‘“‘korano,” a very fine
man physically and quite a personality, and the “ guru ”’ (teacher), to whom
T had a letter from Mr. van Hasselt, having already paid their respects at
Waren. It was arranged that the “korano,” Manao, should act as guide to
my party to the lakes, and the Wariap people of themselves offered to
accompany me as carriers, promising to remain as long as I stayed there—
a promise sealed on “ Pinang” and “ Zabacco,” as they call the latter, and
faithfully kept. “ Pinang ” replaces betel-nut on the coast of N. New
Guinea, being obtained from the wild Areca macrocalyx Zipp. (12, i, 18)
and eaten with lime and the fruit of Piper Siriboa (14, 69).

Wariap, situated on a sand-spit through which the Momi has cut its
broad way on one side, forming a good harbour for praus, while on the
other Casuarinas are massed, is quite a large and busy “ campong,” where
much prau-building and making of Pandanus mats (nokés) and sago-holders
is carried on.

The long whale-backed houses are built above the beach, on a level spit
of very fine sand, which, overgrown with grass and Pes-Capre, is broken by
shallow green lagoons shadowed by a jungle upgrowth of Thespesia populnea,
Abrus precatorius, Casalpinia Nuga, Wedelia biflora, ete.

(6) Inunpation Forest Bex.

Just behind the beach formation this forest forms a huge unbroken green
wall, in which the pyramidal branching of Terminalia ‘Catappa is easily
distinguished from the outside, whilst most of the trees are covered with the
heavy green curtains, falling straight from the crowns, of Zanonia macro-
carpa, a Cucurbitaceous liane. In this forest Ficus, Macaranga, and
Artocarpus sp., the latter with enormous leaves often about 1 m. long
and 3m. or more broad, mostly predominate—their trunks screened with
immense fronds of climbing ferns, spreading radially all the way up,
or Epipremnopsis Hugeliana, Raphidophora Peepla, other Philodendron spp.,

17

Piper Forstenii, Pothos, and various large-leaved root-climbers. Piles of
these huge leaves accumulate under the trees, to be dispersed by the floods
of the rainy season. A giant Korthalsia, its interlaced stems scrambling up
and down the trees or spreading in tangled mass over the ground, was the
only “rotan” seen. Asplenium Nidus was abundant ; but epiphytic orchids
were few and far between, and the absence of flowers or fruits was most
striking.

In this forest there is little undergrowth. Sodden leaves mostly fill up
the interstices of the porous korang. Where light shoots through, some
thin grass or patches of the creeping Geophila reniformis and Hemigraphis
reptans, or single specimens of the small semi-herbaceous shrub Amarocarpus
Wichmannii, with horizontal dorsi-ventral branches, appear ; but the most
conspicuous objects are the huge Zanonia capsules, the size of large
pumpkins, in all stages of decay, scattered over the “ korang,” which is so
porous that surface-water soon drains through; but where there is standing
water, groups of Sago Palms occur, often forming swamps covering large
areas.

A track from Warén to the Arfak runs for a couple of days through
Sago swamps.

Native Plantations.

These are dotted through this forest where little islands of soil accumulate,
as at Warén, or alluvial deposits have been formed by the rivers, as at
Wariap. Here the well-stocked “ kebuns ”! surprised me by their extent,
many kinds of bananas and plantains, coco-nuts, papaya, cassava, “ kladi,” ?
“ubi,”* “labu,”* egg-fruit, and various “ sayur”’° etc. being grown, with
clumps of bamboo, probably planted.

On passing through this “korang” zone we followed a new route,
keeping to the south bank of the Momi, so obviating the necessity of
crossing the river, which is rather deep at its mouth. This track passes
through the Wariap plantations and the sterile ‘“‘korang” forest beyond,
cutting off a great angle of the river. Then it skirts the shifting banks of
the river as the latter cuts through alluvial deposits of mud and sand,
or crosses wide sand-banks, the splash of crocodiles heralding our approach.
These sand-banks afforded a fine view over the Momi, showing Casuarinas
and the symmetrical Terminalia, the latter veiled in all-obliterating Zanonia, —
backed by the distant mountains. Thence the track alternates between the
dome-like “ korang ” forest and the thicker undergrowth of alluvial flats, or,

when nearer the river, over oozy slime which spreads over the stems and

leaves of a small Licuala palm and the giant Korthalsia, the chief under-
growth in such areas.

* Gardens. * Colocasia antiqguorum Schott. * Sweet potatoes.
* Gourds, . Vegetables.
C

18

Momi Inundation Area.

From the forest one emerges into the blazing sunshine, on an open plain,
which it takes several hours to cross, all stones, gravel, sand, and “ lalang,”
dotted with small trees of Casuarina equisetifolia. This open space forms an
inundation-area of the river, and is under water during the rains. Amongst
the stones Geodorum pictum, a pink-flowered orchid, was characteristic, and
Peristylus goodyeroides was found among the “lalang” which covered the
sandy areas. The most remarkable feature was abundant clumps of a new
Pteris, P. bambusoides, with erect rhachises resembling stems rising from an
underground rhizome, each rhachis about 2 m. in height, clothed with
segments from the hase to the apex, originally bilateral, becoming spiral
later through the twisting of the cortex. The species was also seen near
Wariap, in passing through the “kebuns.” Professor Bower, to whom
I submitted this interesting new fern, suggests that “the general habit
might possibly compare with that of Pteris grandiflora, in so far that both
are probably creeping rhizomatous.”

Pandanus Trees.

The second day, while still in the “ korang” forest, we passed through a
striking group of old Pandanus trees, about 30 m. high, each rising out of
the forest on numberless grotesque stilt roots for about a quarter of the
height, succeeded by a straight stem with much-branched top; the old
leaves hung in limp masses from every possible resting-place and strewed
the wet ground underneath. These weird trees gave a pregnant impression
of the scenic possibilities of this genus under primitive conditions. Even
the Malays were impressed; but the Papuans spoke of similar isolated
groups scattered through this forest. These groups possibly represent
the first vegetative covering of the “korang,” displaced later by more
rapidly growing dicotyledonous forest trees, as only those plants which
could respond by equal vertical growth and so maintain the same level
as their competitors would have a chance of survival under such enveloping
conditions. No fruit was seen on the trees or underneath them.

(c) SEconDARY ASSOCIATIONS.

Once on the foot-hills the character of the forest changes, the sodden
effect of the “ korang” belt works out, and it loses the mud-washed look
and steaminess suggestive of constant inundation. The ground, rocky and
broken, is strewn with Sapindaceous and Anacardiaceous fruits, red Pometia,
and other brightly-coloured kinds, and undergrowth in the shape of plants
and shrubs appears, Musswnda frondosa being general. The foliage of both
trees and lianes is less monstrous and more varied in form, while a graceful
epiphytic flora puts in an appearance. From time to time small cleared

19

spaces were reached, evidently known rest camps, where we halted ten
minutes to rest the carriers.

After a tedious climb up the flanks of the spurs, clothed in high forest,
one emerges on to cleared narrow ridges, covered with long grass, showing
the first signs of cultivation, where a beautiful view opens out, on the
one side to the blue island-dotted waters of Geelvink Bay over the
foot-hills and the flat inundation-belt just passed through, which spreads
out like a green table, and on the other side across the Momi valley to the
central mountain range with its many outlying spurs. After more climbing,
bamboo thickets evidently planted, with the magic plant of Malaya, Justicia
Gandarussa, never known to set seed, further confirm the impression of man’s
vicinity. Fine forest succeeded these abandoned gardens, from which we
emerged on to old “kebuns” on the broad crest of the lower Serao range.
Here were the Serao houses, surrounded by present cultivation, where
we were very well received by the korano and _ his charming wife, the
prettiest Papuan woman seen, though many are nice-looking.

The Serao people—great friends of Manao’s—cordially invited me to
sleep in their house ; but as all the Papuans with the Japanese streamed in,
to say nothing of the original inhabitants, I decided to camp outside in a
newly made “ kebun,” with the “ Pradjoerit” and “ Orang ranté.”

The korano’s house was very large, with split-bamboo flooring and a few
small partitions, while against each side a narrow strip was thickly sanded
over for fires. Opposite the entrance a second door opened on to a balcony,
commanding a lovely view over the dip of the ridge to the immediate Momi
valley and the further spurs of the Arfak. A house inhabited by a head-
hunting tribe was pointed out on the slopes below.

Native Plantations.

In the “kebuns ” the luxuriance of the crops and method in cultivation
is surprising. Sweet potatoes of very fine quality, gourds, plantains ete.,
and papayas, the latter replaced by maize and tobacco as the altitude
increases, with some of the finest sugar-cane I have seen, are planted,
the standing crops in diagonals alternately, with sweet potatoes and gourds,
chiefly Lagenaria hispida, as undercrops.

Some of these plantations were situated on the steepest slopes, where,
toiling up in the pitiless sun, one sinks to one’s knees in fine deep soil.
Fortunately there are always many logs lying in succession as they were
felled, which facilitate the ascent.

The plantations or gardens are surrounded by a strong double stockade
against wild pig, with notched poles slanting both ways at certain points for
ingress and egress. One or two communal houses are generally built in the
middle of the plantation, eack on a maze of criss-crossed poles, about 20
from the ground, with a veranda back and front, approached by a notched

02

20

pole from the front only. Where the crest is narrow the houses are built at
the edge, so that, entering on the level in front, the elevation at the back
accords with the slope of the hill.

Strict etiquette demands that your name and business be shouted out by
the most sonorous voiced Papuan at the point of ingress into the plantation,
before intrusion on their domain, for the information of the owners. You
ave then received by the inhabitants, both men and women, all standing or
sitting unarmed on the balcony, and after friendly greeting and distribution
of tobacco one passes on in peace. This custom is described in the account
of the ‘ Etna’ expedition for the northern part of the Arfak (8, 74), and by
van Oosterzee (17, 1002 & 1004) on the occasion of his expedition to the
Angi lakes, in the Sjari region.

From the third ridge on leaving the Soedomi River, we looked down on
to the Momi again, and descended to it over secondary slopes overgrown with
Rubus rosefolius, the fruit dirty-red in colour, hard, and like a small rasp-
berry in shape, just as insipid but very different in appearance to the large
scarlet, strawberry-like fruit of the same species in the uplands of British
N. Borneo. A boggy bamboo-thicket lined the bed of the river, which we
crossed, to camp for the third night on the other side in an old “ kebun.”
Whole families of the hill people came down to visit us, even with babies in
arms, each party, after wandering round gloating over the various sights of
the camp, building its own shelter, to which they retired to cook their meal
and spend the night. I distributed tobacco to the men, women, and bigger
children, and rice to the babies, of which the very tiniest demanded its quota.
Some of these people came on with us to the lakes, as others had done from
Serao—a source of considerable relief to the coast carriers, many of whom
were getting tired from the steady climbing. These mountain people are
splendid carriers, but it is next to impossible to get them to go down to the
coast.

The next day, proceeding through secondary forest up a lateral spur, old
plantations opened out at 5000’. At about 6000’ a couple of bushes of the
copper-coloured Rhododendron letum, red when older, one of the glories of
the Arfak, heralded the approach of the mountain collecting-grounds, which
IT alone intended to work. The korano of Wariap and his grandson Waspiri
pointed out, on the southern flanks of the spur near the valley below, two
houses of the “Orang Jatoe,” or bad people, noted head-hunters according
to my informants, Waspiri adding that the victims were decapitated at the
house observed from the Serao ridge, the resulting trophies being brought up
here. With glasses the people could be seen standing on a rise near by, while
in front of the house, in a cleared space, twelve men were sitting, in two
rows of six each, singing some barbaric chant, accompanying their song of
defiance with reiterative movements of arms and legs, in Polynesian fashion.
Certainly, unlike all the other mountain people, they did not attempt to

Pee ae ee ee
-

21

approach our party, which was, of course, much too large to invite any form

of attack.

Higher up, a large solitary house inhabited by very friendly people marked
the limit of the inhabited zone. Immediately above this the path enters
true “rimbu,” ' then strikes the track along part of the main range, which,
running approximately N. to S.W., is clothed in low mountain forest, the
plant-formation common to the crest of the main range and the lake basins.

(d) Low Mountain Forest Formation asove 7000!.

From 7000’ low mountain forest prevails up to the lakes, and systematic
collection was limited to this formation.

Advancing due south, with increase of altitude the crest of the S.W. ridge
soon becomes narrower and the trees smaller, showing a gradual transition
from mossless forest to an intermediate mossy forest with a fine variety of
mosses and hepatics; while on higher points true mossy forest prevailed,
but very limited in incidence and species. Coniferous trees, Phyllocladus,
Podocarpus, Dacrydium, and Libocedrus, were conspicuous on this ridge, the
facies of the vegetation being strongly reminiscent of that of the ridges of
Kinabalu at the same altitude, but suggesting a wider and more continental
origin.

Small open rest- and camping-places from time to time gave vantage
points of observation, where the ground was always bright with clumps of a
brilliant orange Dendrobium and the pretty mauve Burmannia disticha ;
otherwise, white and yellow predominated amongst the shrubs and trees of
the mountain forest.

Other open spaces were caused by small landslips of the loose granite-
gravel soil, on which no rock was seen exposed. In one place quite a large
part of the crest had slipped away, leaving a steep wall about 100’ high,
difficult to scramble up, as the gravel gave beneath the feet. Probably the
higher points of the ridge, now overgrown with roots of trees, are due to this
agency. These open spaces afforded beautiful views over the Sjari ridge
with its tiny trails of smoke, to the blue waters of the Bay in the distance on
the east, and limited on the west by the densely-wooded slopes of the Tilaan
valley.

That night, the fourth after leaving Wariap, we camped on the highest —
part of this ridge, on an open space above a mountain-torrent. I was
awakened in the night by a wild stamping of feet, accompanied by a
stentorian chant of powerful voices in unison, taken up by each Papuan
party in turn. The “ Papuas,” as they are always called, rigidly kept to
their separate clans, each putting up its own shelter. This somewhat
alarming incident proved to be a primitive method of keeping warm.

Virgin forest. —

22

Even on the march when resting for meals the Papuans invariably sorted
themselves into their own family groups. Notwithstandin g the heterogeneous
nature of the party—over forty carriers, wen, women, and children, the men
in most cases accompanied by their wives and other children, with the hill
people joined on,—I never heard any complaint from the Serzan nor a
discordant note or quarrel.

No doubt the presence of my staunch friends Manao and Waspiri, both
very fine men, and that of old Basi, the korano of another “ campong,”’ a
fund of quaint humour and good temper, who had been up several times
before, had a great deal to do with this result. There were, however, many
outside elements over which their control was not acknowledged ; but the
absence of bad temper and quarrelsomeness is always a distinguishing
feature of primitive people who have been spared contact with our so-called
civilization.

The next morning, after some hours’ progress along the crest, we emerged
from the small forest into a lower scrub, to look down on to the brilliant blue
waters of a lovely lake, surrounded by slopes and ridges wooded to the water’s
edge as they ran into the lake, intersected by the white beaches of many bays
of varying size and outline. This lake lies in a trough between the ridge we
were on and Koebré Mountain, of which the bare summit with a few scattered
trees limits the sky-line west, as it rises straight from the water’s edge, except
for a little cultivated land where the few Alfuero houses were dotted along
the shores. One or two moving spots on the water showed that these people
were observing us from the frail rafts made of three palm-stems tied together,
which are their only means of transport (Pl. 1. fig. 2).

On the eastern side at one’s feet the prevailing forest runs down to the
water’s edge where the banks are steep (Pl. 2. fig. 4), but where the slopes
are gradual it is replaced by an open marsh bordering this side of the lake, on
which some long spinneys and an isolated forest-patch intrude (Pl. 2. fig. 3).

Intersected about the centre by a few forest-clad lateral spurs from the
S.W. ridge, the marsh sweeps round to the north, where a break in the hills
marks the exit of the Tilaan River. This northern portion was not touched
by me in the course of this work.

Angi Lakes.

Turning abruptly to the right, we descended steeply over roots and
trunks of trees through a sheltered mossy forest, then splashing over logs
and bog on to the marsh. Here it was open and easy walking where water
streams over the coarse quartz sand, bright with Riedelias, Dendrobiums,
and Rhododendrons, but impassible where boggy and covered with fern and
sedge.

The marsh is not a natural association, but it is kept open by the Alfueros,
who were busy burning it off during our stay ; a practice which no doubt

ee mee me ee See eT Ue ea

23

facilitates drainage, as the small rivulets, issuing from the slopes, which
stream over the marsh to drain into the lake, would form a water-logged
area under forest conditions, impeding access to and from the lake. This
is no doubt what the Papuans imply when they explain the burning by
saying that it keeps the ground “ panas” or dry. But more important still
is the fact that the houses on the oppesite side command the whole of this
cleared area, so that the arrival of strangers can be controlled and warning
received in case of hostile attack.

The practice of burning areas for observation or otherwise must always
have been prevalent in the Arfak, as Forrest, in 1705 (1, 108), whose stay at
Dorei Boy coincided with a very dry January, saw from there “many great
fires on the mountains of Arfak.”’

Passing over the central portion of the marsh, we made our way to some
rising ground, where the camp was pitched in front of an isolated forest
patch facing the lake, from which it was separated by a muddy tract, where
Juncus lampocarpus predominated. This tract soon became a morass from
the constant Papuan traffic to and from the lake, where a long white beach
formed the landing-stage of the native rafts.

The day after our arrival the Alfueros streamed over to visit us, accom-
panied as usual by wives, children, and babies. Wearing no clothes, many
were plastered over with some black pigment, possibly for greater warmth.
They brought to trade “ ubi,” corn-cobs, tobacco, and splendid potatoes. The
latter, grown on the upper lake, were a most welcome delicacy after unlimited
sweet potatoes, and as much appreciated by the Malays and Papuans as by
myself. My people traded everything that could be scraped together for
them and for the tobacco, which was said to be of very good quality. The
“ Pradjoerit” and “ Orang ranté” exchanged their salt rations and matches,
relying with touching faith on my supplies, even parting with the buttons on
their uniforms. The Papuans traded their rice and sago rations, te return
to the coast exhausted as a result of an “ubi” diet. St. Vraz (15, 235)
mentions potatoes as doing well at Hatam, where they had been introduced
for twenty years through the Missionary Woelders from Andai. The
tobacco was carried at the top of long poles, rolled into large pointed ellipses,
which looked like clubs.

In 1857 (8, 75), when the northern part of the Arfak was visited by
members of the ‘Etna’ Expedition, they were told that tobacco was not
grown on the north side but on the east, and that it was distributed from
Hatam to Amberbaki, Dorei, and the south-west coast of Geelvink Bay.
That it should be easiest to bring this appreciated article three days’ journey —
down from Hatam to Andai, and then by “ prau” along the coast, in prefer-
ence to the two to five days’ journey from the Angi lakes, proves how little
intercourse there is between the Hill and Coast tribes, and also what a
natural boundary the inundation “ korang ” belt forms.

24

The korano of Koebré was quite a superior man, a blood-brother of
Manao’s, who brought him up to me, when he presented me with splendid
potatoes and corn-cobs, and I gave him knives and a “kain”’? in return.

It was interesting to note how the character of the surrounding forest,
even in such a small area as this lake-basin, varied with the exposure. The
eastern slopes were characterized by mossy forest, while to the south-east
Araucaria Beccarii predominate, gregarious and in groups, to near the
water’s edge (PI. 1. fig. 1). To the north and north-east the forest was not so
homogeneous, older Libocedrus arfakensis and Podocarpus papuanus, with the
graceful palm Kentia Gibbsiana, standing out above the mass level, both on
the slopes and the ridge. On the western slopes of Koebré it was much drier
in type.

The most fertile part was the isolated patch of intermediate mossy forest
behind our camp, which reminded me of Fiji in its beautiful moss-flora and
wealth of creeping orchids. The possibilities of this patch, though continually
worked through, seemed inexhaustible.

Accompanied by two of the “ Pradjoerit,” Manao and his friend the
Alfuero korano, with the latter’s two delightful boys, most keen to help in
collecting and looking for plants, I spent a day on Koebré. We crossed the
lake on two of the rafts tied tovether, following Dr. Gjellerup’s advice. It
was a very tedious journey, taking about an hour and a half ; while coming
back in the dark, with stormy gusts of wind and rain, we spent about two
hours in crossing. The two rafts, attached by a rotan-tie at each end, worked
against each other as the waves splashed up between.

The summit of Koebré is a bare, open, lichen-covered plateau, of which
the wind-swept character is revealed in the shrubs, either prostrate and.
spreading on the ground or of clipped, erect, and compact habit. A few
single trees which have survived the fires to which the open character of
this summit is due, dot the surface, while in gullies and depressions small
trees are crowded into shrubberies surrounded by a ring of burnt wood.

It was amazing to see solitary grotesque Myrmedomas, over a metre high,
also recorded by van Oosterzee (17, 1008)—plants of such size, to say nothing
of the terrestrial habit, being quite unknown to me (Pl. 3. fig. 6). The
same may be said of an extraordinary EHydnophytum, just like a collection of
pipes standing upright on the ground, each pipe representing a hollow stem,
about one dm. across, bearing flowering branches round the rim. A couple
of small isolated trees of Dacrydium novo-guineense bore an abundance of
small red cones. |

From the summit there is a splendid view over the smaller, or “ Man”
(d), lake, beautiful in outline, with much cultivation round its shores, of
which the upper slopes are much more densely wooded and the lower more
thickly inhabited than the “ Woman ” (?), especially towards the south,

* Cloth.

25

where the excellent potatoes are grown. To the north the surrounding hills
slope on both sides to a marshy area, which marks the exit of a river, as on
the lower lake.

To the south-west the houses of another head-hunting tribe were pointed
out, who seem to dominate this part of the country, as those before men-
tioned cause a reign of terror at lower altitudes. These people possibly
represent the tribe called “ Hiraj,” about which St. Vraz (15, 234) was told
at Hatam that they lived beyond the lake Tschemti, and were spoken of
as cannibals ; but I never heard any of these “ Orang jatoe” referred to as
anything but head-hunters by my informants, Manao and Waspiri.

Our stay at the g lake, much as I should have liked to prolong it,
was limited to six days. The camp, never very dry at the best of times,
became sodden and under water from so much trampling, and many of the
Wariap people, who had faithfully kept their promise to stay with me, were
suffering from bad colds and rheumatism, such a sudden change of tempera-
ture necessarily telling on people accustomed to tropical heat, when warm
clothing cannot be provided.

The Malays of my escort were also becoming depressed, as they always
do when out of their accustomed environment, so the order to break camp
was hailed as a happy deliverance by everybody but myself. The beauty of
these surroundings, their extraordinary variety, afforded such a wealth of
material for work and reflection, which, with crisp air, cool temperature, and
splendid weather, made one long to spend more time in this lovely spot.

Our return was along the 8.W. ridge again, leaving on the right
the spur by which we had ascended. Beyond this point a fine high forest
developed as the altitude decreased, the huge climbing ferns still wreathing
the trunks of the much finer trees, the undergrowth showing less herbaceous
variety with more sub-staging of shrubs and young trees. A small clump
of Corsia arfakensis, a new species, grew on some dead wood, and at
about 5000’ a group of two or three magnificent Agathis Dammara, with
towering white stems, too large to climb, and very small crowns, occurred.
Great lumps of white dammar stood out on the trunks, which the
“ Pradjoerit,” to whom these trees were familiar in Amboina, immediately
wanted to fire, so like the wasteful Fijians with their beautiful “ Dakua ”
trees, which I sternly forbade. This practice, I was glad to see, seemed
unknown to the Papuans.

Many young trees showing the fastigiate youth form were seen, and one
of the Papuans found me a young seedling, about 2 m. high, from which I
took the foliage, but had to content myself, so far as fruiting material went,
with some old scales found beneath the old trees; they were sufficient,
however, to determine the species.

Continuing down a lateral spur, running in an easterly direction, we

26

passed through a somewhat dense undergrowth of a small Licuala sp., where
the pretty white Medinilla arfakensis, almost a small tree, a very handsome
Bulbophyllum covering a prostrate log, and the climbing Dichrotrichium
brevipes, another of Beccari’s Hatam records, were also growing. From an
Open space we caught a glimpse of the buttress of the ridge we had descended
from, with the glorious Agathis trees towering far above the rest of the
forest.

Farther on, at another unusually large cleared resting-space. vaulted
over by trees, we came upon some horizontal sticks, resting on a couple of
forked supports stuck in the ground, on which a number of little forked
prongs were arranged in groups. Waspiri exclaimed when he saw this
peculiar arrangement, explaining that it was the practice of the Coast people
to have these places, which show what parties have recently been in the
mountains, the arrangement of the little prongs indicating how many and
whether women or children, if the parties had returned, or if any of their
members had been killed. On this occasion it was made out that a man and
woman, missing from Wariap, had been killed in the hills.

Finally, always working east, we passed through the bamboo clumps,
which herald cultivation, on to a large plantation, with a solitary house in
the centre. Here an old man showed us the way down to the Momi River,
an impossibly steep track, up which, considering the way it was worn, the
people of the house must fetch all their water every day.

From this plantation a view up to the Serao ridge showed the “kebun,”
in which we had camped on the second night, and also the house of the
head-hunters on the lower slopes.

Camping by the river that night we reached Wariap next day through
the “korang”’ forest, joining our old tract later, just before the Pandanus
group.

At Wariap my first inquiry was for the ‘ Valk,’ as the Commander had
most kindly promised to call in there on his return from the Mamberamo
River, on the chance of our being there. As there was no news I decided
not to wait in that sand-fly stricken spot, but, giving the men two days’ rest,
to return by the beach to Manokeeari, which everybody at Manokoeari, even
Mr. van Oosterzee, had told me was quite impossible. The Serzan, however,
after searching inquiries, found that this route was feasible and well-known
to the Wariap people, taking four days. Two “ praus ” from Wariap carried ©
kit and provisions, landin g at night at the native camping-places, to which it
is always wisest to keep, though somewhat long, as they are determined by
good water and landing-stages,

I had hoped to be in time for the December boat to Java, but on crossing
in “ praas ” from Andai to Manokoeari, once past the mouth of the estuary,
we could see the smoke of the steamer across the bay. Watching intently
which direction she took, the Serzan exclaimed, “ Poelang !” (Home). This

27

entailed a month’s wait at Manokoeari for the next boat ; I put in the time
working about Dorei Bay, as Dr. Gjellerup told me it had not been collected
over. As the next boat called at Humboldt Bay, the limit of the Dutch
possessions, which is only visited every other month, I was able to take that
trip as well, collecting at each stopping-place, with very good results.

The coast-collections proved very interesting, but phytogeographically
so distinct from the Arfak plants, no two species proving common to both
regions, that they have been separately enumerated.

PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF LOW MOUNTAIN FOREST
FORMATION.

A, FOREST ASSOCIATIONS.
{Endemic species are marked °, and those of wider distribution #,]

a. S.W. Rivas.

la. Mossless Forest.

On the main range, or S.W. ridge, at 7000’, a mossless forest asso-
ciation prevails, of slender straight trees about 13-16 m. high, with a very
open undergrowth of chiefly herbaceous plants.

Undergrowth.—° Alpinia domatijera, 1-2 m., always in appreciable colonies
of one height, the flowers varying from white to red with red fruit, and
A. arfakensis var. subsessilis, with pink flowers and white fruit, were
dominant, more or less covering the open ground.

Lianes.—* Gleichenia linearis, spread over supports up to 7 m., while
the trunks of the trees were wreatled in the climbing ferns * Nephrolepis
acuminata and Polybotrya arfakensis, from base to branches, the long fronds
standing out radially from the stems. Freycinetia Gibbsew, with very hand-
some red sheaths, hung bunched from the trees or spread in thick masses
underneath, and F’. flaviceps, with yellow fruit, was more slender in habit.

Trees.—A group of °Quercus Lauterbachii, the ground underneath strewn
with magnificent acorns of all sizes, some of those collected having proved
the largest known, represented a family recorded by D’Albertis (9, 69),
Beceari (12, i. 177), and St. Vraz (15, 33) from Hatam. *Podocarpus
Rumphii, recorded by Beccari, but not seen in fruit, was abundant ; likewise
Phyllocladus hypophyllus, the Kinabalu species, and °Podocarpus papuanus,
recorded as P. imbricatus (which it very much resembles, the seedling form
being indistinguishable) by Beccari from Hatam, and since found by Kloss
on Mt. Carstensz. Advancing due south, as the crest of the ridge narrows,
a gradual transition to an intermediate mossy forest of smaller trees with
branched stems and denser crowns, the trunks and bases covered with small
hepatics and mosses, takes place as the altitude increases.

28

2a, B. Intermediate Mossy Forest.

Undergrowth.—Sphagnum novo-guineense, with *Rhacopilum spectabile
and the magnificent and abundant °Dawsonia gigantea, all in fruit, with the
creeping *Lycopodium cernuum, formed part of the prevailing moss-carpet,
from which rose the orchids Platanthera elliptica, vars. longicalearata and
elatior, green in colour and varying in size, gregarious and general in this
association ; °Cryptostylis arfakensis, with red lip and green perianth, and
° Bulbophyllum muricatum, with large red-spotted yellow flowers, were found
in single examples. Clumps of °Alpinia domatifera (dwarfed), *Gahnia
psittacorum, previously known only from Australia and Tasmania, * Histiopteris
incisa, *Dipteris conjugata, gregarious as usual where more open, with the
small shrubs Liplycosia Lilianee, about *25 m. high, with rigid branches and
striking white-tipped red flowers, Vaccinium pilosijflorum with pretty, very
hairy rose-pink corollas, also seen as an epiphyte, and V. leptospermoides,
with red-pink flowers, were often grouped together at the base and between
the dwarfed trees.

Tiny tufts of °Gentiana Vanderwateri, with large white flowers, showed
up in damp places and, where drier and the -small trees opened out, the
minute Lobelia arfakensis spread its large patches on the ground, dotted with
white flowers, while innumerable seedlings of all the conifers previously
mentioned, with Dacrydium and Libocedrus, formed the most general and
conspicuous part of the undergrowth, including the slender tree-ferns
Alsophila arfakensis, with stenis 1 dim. through and about 1 m. high, the
fronds 1 m. long, and Cyathea arfakensis not much larger.

Epiphytes.—The small ferns collected on the moss-grown trunks of
the trees were *Trichomanes palmatifidum, Hymenophyllum cincinnatum,
*Lindsaya hymenophylloides, °Polypodium remigerum, *P. stenophyllum,
*P. clavijer, and the minute yellow orchids, Octarrhena cylindrica, with
Dendrobium glauco-viride (magenta), Phreatia spathulata (white), and Piper

arfakianum.
Lianes.—* Gleichenia linearis and *G. volubile abounded, with Freycinetia
Gibbsew, much less luxuriant, F. Haviceps, and Calamus arfakianus ; a slender
bamboo, identical in habit and appearance with the Kinabalu plant, but not
seen in flower, and Lyonsia albiflora were also pretty general.

Trees.—Dacrydium novo-guineense with Libocedrus arfakensis, °Podo-
carpus papuanus, *P. Rumphii, and *Phyllocladus hypophyllus were dominant,
as the profusion of seedlings testified ; but a great variety of other small
trees were associated, especially towards the southern portion of the ridge,
where it broadens out again and is consequently more sheltered— Drimys
arfakensis, with a dense round crown, bore its small, white, later pink flowers
on pendent pedicels ; Spireanthemum bullatum, * Beckea Jrutescens; Back-
housia arfakensis, flat-topped like a Leptospermum, with very small coriaceous

29

leaves, and smothered in golden-orange flowers. A Psychotria sp., resembling
P. sarmentosa, with white panicles of flowers, Idenburgia arfakensis repre-
senting a new natural order, Myrtus flavida var. glabrescens, a glabrous form
of the Kinabalu species, Jambosa arfakensis, with small thick leaves and
white flowers, Palmervandenbroekia papuana, an interesting new genus in
Araliacez, and ° Timonius jilipes, were in full flower.

3. Mossy Forest.

The occurrence of this sterile type of mossy forest, as distinct from the
intermediate form, was limited to the highest points of the ridge, where
the prostrate and erect trunks of the small stunted trees with the ground
between were swathed in long moss, which, as usual in this type of associa-
tion, stands out straight from its supports, rigidly turgid and generally in
vegetative condition.

*Schizea malaccana, *Gahnia psittacorum, 1 m. high, Halorrhagis suf-
fruticosa, Nepenthes maxima var. nana, the twining °Luzuriaga aspericaulis,
Rhododendron angiense, an undershrub, with *Trichomanes digitatum,
Hymenophyllum cincinnatum, °Polypodium papuanum, and °P. remigerum
as epiphytes, were collected.

6. Lake Basin.

2a. Intermediate Mossy Forest.

An isolated circular forest patch, in about the centre of the marsh, proved
the best collecting-ground in the mountain-forest area.

The average height of the trees was about 16 m.—a few symmetrical conical
dark green crowns of Libocedrus arfakensis, the topmost branches of which
were all dead, as if the trees had reached the limit of their development or
the roots had penetrated into an unfavourable substratum, with the smaller
feathery glaucous green of °Podocarpus papuanus rising above them.

On the exterior a fringe of bracken bordered this patch on the north,
while towards the south a wild dense upgrowth of grass-jungle, fern, and
shrubs seemed tu point to the forest spreading in that direction. On the
western or lake side, a raised spit of coarse granite-sand, carrying a
graduated growth of Backea frutescens, intruded into the marsh, the level,
no doubt, marking that of the forest-patch.

Trees.—On the southern edge, where the trees were more advanced,
*Podocarpus Rumphii and °P. papuanus in full fruit, *Phyllocladus hypo-
phyllus, Trimenia arfakensis with white flowers, the scented Pullea papuana,
Spirewanthemum bullatum, both with plumose white racemes, the latter showing
peculiarly bullate leaves, Acronychia papuana, “Dodonaea viscosa, * Backea
frutescens, the delicate Metrosideros arfakensis, with small glistening leaves

30

and the tender pink flowers in clusters on the bare stems of the old wood,
Myrtus arfakensis with yellow flowers and black berries, and Poikilogyne
arfakensis with spreading cymes of pink flowers, the size of blackberries;
in the young plants of this,in which the long single wand-like shoots flower
at 2 m., the flowers of the ample terminal cyme are larger.

The very abundant Anomopanax arfakensis, Sheflera arfakensis of com-
pact habit, and Aissodendron bipinnatum, with terminal bunches of enormous
leaves and inflorescence, were interesting representatives of the Araliacese, a
family generally typical of primitive forest, the first to disappear under
secondary conditions. °Ahododendron Devriesianum, its huge white panicles
just breaking into flower, °Styphelia trochocarpoides, with white flowers and
striking bunches of black berries, one of Beccari’s Hatam plants, Vaccinium
roseiflorum, with small massed racemes of waxy pink flowers, while Mesa
fruticosa, the handsome Symplocos novo-guineensis with S. arfakensis, and
° Timonius brevipes, all showed white flowers.

Once inside this forest, it reminded me strikingly of Fijian conditions in
the abundance of stictaceous Lichens, so absent through Malaya, the luxuri-
ance of the moss and fern flora, and the many creeping terrestrial orchids
with a wealth of graceful epiphytic forms. The slender epiphytes and
climbing plants combined in a sensuous harmony of well-balanced growth-
forms, amongst which the stately trunks of the Libocedrus, and the straight
stems of °P. papuanus and Daerydium novo-quineense, with rough scaly brown
bark, stood out amongst the smaller angiospermous forest trees.

Undergrowth.—The ground was carpeted with those most beautiful
mosses *Rhodobryum giganteum and °Hypnodendron diversifolium in fruit,
and creeping between their soft tufts of delicate foliage, the pink-veined
velvety-green leaves of ?°Hucosia papuana in fruit, Microstylis producta
with shading orange-yellow spikes, and the white spikes of Goodyera
arfakensis were equally distributed. Colonies of the two varieties elatior
and longicalearata of Platanthera elliptica were abundant, also the ubiquitous
*Lycopodium serratum, while many tiny clumps of the quaint endemic
saprophytic genus, first discovered by Beceari in the Arfak, but now
established for the whole of New Guinea, the wine-red °Corsia ornata, with
little heads all pointing in one direction, gave a typically Papuan note.

On the north-east side, creeping under the bracken, the fine Pterostylis
papuana var. arfakensis, from cream to brown-pink in colour, Liparis lacus,
a small plant with brown labellum and green petals, and a minute brown
Stigmatodactylus sp. past flowering, grew on the forest edge. Taller plants
were * Histiopteris incisa, °Phavus flavus var. papuanus, °Riedelia montana var. -
arfukensis. Young plants of Pandanus sp. with Kentia Gibbsiana, a slicht
tree-fern Cyathea fusca, 3 m. high, with Anomopanax arfakensis. °Rhodo-
dendron Vonroemeri, the longly pedicelled small orange-yellow flowers
recalling some Azalea Sp-, a very graceful plant, quite distinct in'the genus,

31

with the seedling forms in all stages of the prevailing coniferous species,
were general as forest undershrubs.

Lianes.—These comprised Freycinetia Gibbsee with the climbing Bamboo
of the S.W. ridge, °Luzuwriaga aspericaulis, with white flowers and black
berries, °Palmeria arfakiana, 8, another of Beccari’s Huatam plants, of
which he collected the ?, Lyonsia albiflora, Tecomanthe volubilis, of which
the fallen pink corollas, recalling Lapageria rosea in size and colour, were
plentiful, with Lucinea reticulata, all slender graceful plants.

Epiphytes—Stictose Lichens and thallose hepatics, se conspicuously
absent on Kinabalu, in comparison with Polynesia, were here well to the
fore again, of which *Sticta variabilis and *Riccardia maxima were in fruit,
and the beautiful *Spiridens Reinwardtii, setting out straight from the tree-
trunks, recalled vivid Fijian memories, other mosses collected being
*Rhizogonium spiniforme, °Endotrichella arfakiana, °Ectropothecium arfak-
ense. The ferns * Trichomanes meifolium, °T. aphlebioides, *Hymenophyllum
paniculiflorum, *H. Kurzti, *H. australe, *H. salakense, *Humata alpina,
°H. neoguineensis, * Davallia dissecta, *D. contiqgua, °Pteris papuana, * Poly-
podium hirtellum, *P. Curtisii, and * Asplenium acutiusculum, associated with
Lycopodium squarrosum, Burmannia longifolia, and the orchids Glomera
angiensis with terra-cotta flowers, G. similis and °G. transitoria, Liparis
Gibbsee, °Ceratostylis arfakensis and C. angiensis, a yellow Pedilochilis sp.,
°Phreatia densissima, Dendrobium oxytophyllum, °D. riparium, Bulbophyllum
ovalitepalum, °B. tricanaliferum, °B. octarrhenipetalum, B. ovalifolium,
B. arfakense, B. birugatum, Octarrhena cylindrica var. major, were mostly
small species with delicate inconspicuous flowers ; while only one plant was
found in flower of the charming little Vaccinium cyclopense var. arfakense,
which spreads with dorsiventral branches over the trunks of trees, the

corolla red with green tips.

1B. Arauearia Forest.

The forest took on a totally different character in the spinneys and along
the edge which bounded the marsh to the south-east, where the latter was
very boggy with much standing water, a character also shown by the
encircling forest, on the edge of which I collected, in a dense growth of
°Polypodium papuanum, Melastoma malabathricum var. adpressum, Vaccinium
globosum var. adpressum, Trimenia arfakensis, Sheflera angiensis, and Sym-
plocos arfakensis. °Araucaria Beccarti, in groups and gregarious, here
predominated, the undergrowth dank and impenetrable on the marshy land,
where these trees were young, but absent under the older trees on the basal
slopes of the eastern ridge, where it rose steeply from the lake (PI. 3. fig. 5).

In this part the chocolate-brown humus, representing the remains of
many generations of trees, covered huge boulders, pointing to a former
dominance of this coniferous forest type, with the shed branches of which

32

the ground, rocks, and sub-stage trees were strewn. Araucaria and Libo-
cedrus seedling plants in all stages of growth, °Dawsonia gigantea in giant
clumps nestling between the depressions of the rocks with the fern * Poly-
podium Feet (also as epiphyte), constituted most of the scattered undergrowth ;
while °Trichomanes aphlebioides, the peculiar Dendrobium papuanum, identical
with Scirpus nodosa Rottb. in habit and appearance showing the samo pin-
~ point white flowers, Psychotria sp., near P. sarmentosa, were collected as
epiphytes, *Lycopodium casuarinoides draping some slender under-trees.

This forest originally extended to the banks of the lake, which here rise
steeply from the water, but kad recently been burnt off for about 10 m.
from it, the exposed surface of sandy soil being covered with the upgrowth
of Bracken with Lactuca proliza, and underneath *Marchantia polymorpha,
the moss *Funaria calvescens, *Epipogum nutans, and on a steep sandy
bank Dendrobium trifolium, with quaint red and greenish flowers, and °D, sub-
radiatum, a mass of small white ones, were found, both probably originally
epiphytic on some of the burnt fallen trees.

3. Mossy Forest.

The western slopes of the S.W. ridge, descending steeply to the marsh,
were clothed in a small dense mossy forest about 7 m. high, of which the
moss-grown logs and roots of trees inhibited most undergrowth, except a
slender tree-fern about 1 m. high. The standing trees were draped in moss,
Calamus arfakianus and the climbing Bamboo often veiling the upper parts.
There was little in flower beyond the epiphytic “Dendrobium glauco-viride
and Sericolea arfakensis, with banging shoots and pink flowers. |

This forest ran out on to the marsh through much rotten wood and boggy
areas, the latter gay with the beautiful white, pink-veined flowers of °Zm-
patiens Herzogii with reddish stems and leaves, forming a long level Spinney
towards the lake, where, with the increase in the size of the trees, the
distinctive mossy character was gradually lost.

Small clumps of Dacrydium novo-guineense and °Podocarpus papuanus
marked the edge of this spinney, single crowns of Kentia Gibbsiana rising
above the general forest level. In the lower portion nearest the lake Phaius
flavus var. arfakensis, Symbegonia arfakensis with white flowers and bracts,
the tree-fern Alsophila angiensis and a very common Pandanus, both isolated
and gregarious, up to 13 m., high, with branched and unbranched stems, only
the 3 flowers being found. Young plants of the Kentia also abounded in
this undergrowth, which included *Rubus glomeratus with red acid berries,
° Rhododendron Vonroemeri, and Solanum Gibbsec, the latter a semi-herbaceous
spreading shrub, about 1 m. high, covered with straight yellow. thorns and
with small mauve flowers.

“Lycopodium volubile formed a dense mass on trees up to 10 m., and a
Dendrobium sp. grew thickly up to the same heicht in a tangled mass like

5
a small Bamboo, the yellow-green flowers in pairs, unfortunately over,

=33

28. Dwarfed Intermediate Mossy Forest.

A lateral spur from the 8.W. ridge to the lake bounding the southern
part of the marsh to the north, bore rather a spaced xerophytic type of small
forest, on the edge of which the undergrowth between the small trees and
shrubs was very thick; here the ferns *Dryostachyum splendens and the delicate
“Pesia radula, only known from Sumatra, °Selaginella angustiramea, with
deltoid fronds up to *50 m., and °Phaius Javus var. papuanus were collected.

Of the small stunted trees about 3 m. high, those in flower were Pipturus
papuanus, Gibbsia insignis, *Glochidion Merrillti, only known from the
Philippines, Homalanthus arfakiensis, * Dodonea viscosa, Acronychia papuana,
and the very abundant °Medinilla Forbesii, with white and pink flowers
in cauline fascicles up the bare grey nodose stems, °“Luzuriaga aspericaulis
twining, the moss ° Taxithelium substigmosum, *Humata pusilla, *Polypodium
Jasciatum, °P. scabristipes, and Glomera similis, the latter with small white
flowers, were epiphytic on the trunks and upper branches of the small trees.

c. SLopres or Korsré Moonta,

I did not work over the Alfuero “ kebuns,” which were dotted with a
Pandanus sp., * Dodonea viscosa, clumps of *Rubus glomeratus and *R. rose-
folius, also masses of the handsome cream-tlowered *Riedelia lanata, about
3m. high, Wedelia biflora and Hydrocotyle javanica, the latter spreading on
the ground,

2a. Intermediate Mossy Forest, 7000-7500'.

Crossing a stream we entered a dry type of intermediate mossy forest
with trees of about 13 m., where, as undergrowth, *Asplenium scandens, a
green orchid Microstylis grandiflorus, small erect plants of Symbegonia parvi-
folia, with red foliage and pink flowers, and Riedelia exalata, with yellow
and red flowers, about 1 m. high, were collected. The typical coniferous
seedlings of the region abounded as usual, with the undershrubs Sheflera
arfakensis and the white Medinilla arfakensis, the epiphytic °D, agatho-
demonis, D. curvimentum, and ° Bulbophyllum pristis.

With increase in altitude the forest becomes smaller, though still dry in
type, the trees being less erect and more branched in habit,

2B. Dwarfed Intermediate Mossy Forest, 7500-8500".
Trichomanes pallidum, Dryopteris villosipes, * Lindsaya rigida, °Davallia
Schlechteri, °Polypodium argyropus, *P. serratodentatum, * Vittaria crassi-
folia, *Psilotum flaccidum, Piper pilosulinodum, and Henslowia crassifolia
with minute fleshy-green leaves and twining ends to the branches, were
collected as epiphytes. In an open Space a group of young trees of Liby-
cedrus arfakensis, about 30 m. in height, with graceful branches sweeping
D

34

the ground, were fruiting, like a Thuja, the g and ¢ cones in all stages
on separate branches of the same tree.

At about 8500' the forest again changed gradually in type, becoming
lower and scrubbier, more open, with a denser growth of undershrubs.

Underyrowth.—Diplycosia Liliane reappeared and Vaccinium pilosiflorum,
amongst which a stiff Exocarpus sp., with branches up to 1 m. in height, but
not in flower, was conspicuous ; Backhousia arfakensis, *Beckea frutescens,
Styphelia nutans var. arfakensis, and Psychotria vaccinioides, from compact
shrub to small tree, with huge clumps of *Gahnia psittacorum, 3 m. in
height, °Gentiana Vanderwateri again favouring damper spots, and °Myrme-
doma arfakiana, with large slate-blue flowers, abundant on the trees, were
collected at about this level.

2. Shrubberies bordering Crest of Mountain, 8500-9000".

On the crest of the mountain the forest passed into shrubberies. Signs
of recent burning explained the open character of the sammit with scattered
trees, which surprised me when seen from the opposite side of the lake,
as the altitude is not sufficient to warrant an open formation under
the Equator. Dense shrubberies were also isolated in depressions and on
raised knolls, all surrounded by a fringe of burnt trees and branches, which
formed a protective screen from subsequent flames.

On the edge of shrubberies thus exposed, many species were in flower,
viz.: *Phyllocladus hypophyllus, very abundant, Idenburgia novo-guineensis,
a fastigiate tree very like seme Drimys sp. in the reddish stems and petioles
and white flowers; also J. arfakensis, more spreading in habit, Drimys
Beccariana, Eleocarpus koebrensis, Sericolea novo-guineensis, Spirewanthemum
bullatum, in fruit, Pogonanthera hexamera, Backhousia arfakensis, Myrtus
koebrensis, Rhododendron angiense, pink, the beautiful white R. Devriesianum,
Psychotria vaceinioides. * Histiopteris incisa was sometimes seen underneath,
but the growth of the trees in these shrubberies is too dense’ to admit
of much intruding undergrowth ; Tecomanthe volubilis, here in flower, was
draped over the trees,

B. OPEN' “OPPORTUNITY ” ASSOCIATIONS.
a. 8.W. Rings, 7000-8500’.
Papuan Rest- and Camping-places.

Several open spaces on the broader and higher’ parts of this ridge are
kept open by the Papuans as rest- and camping-grounds: About 20 m.
each way in size, with the surface where exposed of hard gravel, sheltered

‘ Gibbs, L. S., “ A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mt. Kinabalu and
the Highlands of British N, Borneo,” Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xlii. (1914) 19,

35

and bathed in sunshine these form very dry, pleasant resting-places. Con-
sidering their small size, the contrast of the floral association with that of
the surrounding forest was very marked. Fringed by the forest trees,
mostly in flower, being more exposed to light, these little spaces were always
bright with herbaceous plants—*Lycopodium cernuum creeping, and the
brilliant terrestrial orchid, °Dendrobiwn angiense, in clumps about ‘25 m.
high, with bright orange flowers 3 cm. long ; °Riedelia montana var. arfak-
ensis, with cream-red flowers, about the same height; *Burmannia disticha
and Didiscus arfukensis, with spreading stolons, were associated with INply-
costa Lilianee and Vaccinium pilosiflorum ; the 3 cm. long single magenta
flowers of °Dendrobinm agathodemonis, springing out of the ground in bare
spots without showing foliage, were generally found on digging up to be
attached to a small piece of stick.

*Gleichenia vuleanica, clumps of *Dipteris conjugata and the extraordinary
°Oleandra cuspidata, with erect dendroid shoots about 1 m. high rising from
a creeping rhizome, the fronds in verticillate whorls up to the apex of the
vertical stems, of which Professor Bower writes “It seems to carry to an
extreme the habit shown by other species,” were massed on the edge under
the trees.

Small Landslips.

In several places small slips of the loose granite gravel of the ridge had
occurred, exposing the soil, which was covered with large separate g and ¢
patches of Dawsonia Beccarii, closely resembling in habit and brown colouring
D. brevifolia of the exposed peaks of the serpentine ridges of Kinabalu.

*Lycopodium cernuum, * Gleichenia vulcanica, * Dipteris conjugata, grew
densely, also *Spathoglottis aurea and * Dianella cerulea.

At another more recent slip, Gleichenia vuleanica with *Lycopodium
cernuum were associated with *Gahnia psittacorum, 1°50 m., *Burmannia
disticha, the woody herbaceous Halorrhagis suffruticosa, the single shoots with
verticillate spinous leaves terminated by a panicle of red flowers, Oldenlandia
nutans, of similar habit, but quite herbaceous, with white flowers ; Myrtus
arfakensis, as a small spreading shrub, and the prostrate M. koebrensis,
with reddish foliage and stems, both with yellow flowers, spread over the
easier gradients.

b. Marsu By 9? LAKE.

Sand Pans with running water.

In certain areas of the marsh, more towards the centre, where coarse
quartz-sand formed a solid surface, intersected by shallow streams or bathed
in films of streaming water, many small herbaceous plants grew spaced
between the larger clumps of more showy species.

Herbaceous Plants.—The little *Schizwa malaccana with the cosmopolitan

“Lycopodium carolinianum, creeping tightly to the ground, and *L. cernuum,
D2

36

the minute * Bulbostylis capillaris var. trifida, Centrolepis novo-guineensis in
tufts, the first record of the genus in New Guinea, *Xyris pauciflora,
°Eriocaulon leucogenes, very variable in size, * burmannia disticha, up to 1 m.,
one or two examples of the little white °Spiranthes papuana ?, *,Polygonum
alatum, the small yellow * Utricularia bifida, and the mauve *U. racemosa
from a few cm. to 2 dm. in height, both new records for New Guinea,
dotted the surface ; while abundant patches of the yellow and red Riedelia
montana var. puberula, also var. °arfakensis, cream and dark red, both about
-50 m. high, with the beautiful terrestrial orchids, °Dendrobium fruticicola,
the foliage -50 m., above which the brilliant orange flowers, red when older,
rose to ‘30 m., D. latifrons, also yellow, and the splendid °D. rhomboglossum,
1m. high with large convex flowers, magenta-pink outside, white inside, borne
the whole length of the rhachis, made glorious patches of colour, blended
with small slender plants of Halorrhagis suffruticosa, Oldenlandia nutans, and
Coleus Gibbsew, white to mauve, all of similar habit and dominant on the
marsh in all situations; young plants of Nepenthes maxima var. nana, the
mature trailing over any support, with * Lycopodium divaricatum abounded.

Shrubs.—As the above plants eased off and a ranker growth inhibited
close burning, shrubs occurred in small groups, chiefly * Backea Srutescens,
°Rhododendron Devriesianum, of which the magnificent white flowers, turning
pink later and fragrant at night, are about 1 dm. across, the whole inflor-
escence being 10 dm. in diameter, °R. letum, the little profuse flowering
°R. Vonroemeri, and the bright red R. Gibbsew, all further emphasize the
wonderful colour-scheme of the more open portions of this interesting marsh
association.

Denser Sedge Growth in Boggy Areas.

Boggy areas with deep ditches, standing water, or larger streams bore an.
impenetrable sedge-growth which included * Dryopteris Beddomei, * Lyco-
podium divaricatum, *Cladium faleatum and *C. germanicum, * Scinpus
setaceus, °Trisetum latifolium, Ischemum aristatum var. arfakensis, * Juncus
lampocarpus, °Phaius Tankervillee var. papuanus, the flowers brown, white
inside, Halorrhagis suffruticosa, Oldenlandia nutans, Coleus Gibbsee, and
* Emilia sonchifolia, all drawn up to the level of the surrounding sedge.

In other boggy areas sloping down to the lake, generally under water,
* Juncus lampocarpus predominated, easing off with * Carex Gaudichaudiana
to the sand-pan association.

Edging the lake, limiting the white coarse quartz-sand beach, a higher
and drier sandy bank, well bound together by the roots of the sedges, and
broken in parts where small streams ran into the lake, carried * Marchantia
polymorpha, * Lycopodium divaricatum and *L. complanatum, Cladium arfak-
ense and *C. germanicum, *Carex Gaudichaudiana, *Gahnia psittacorum,
_ *Rhynchospora aurea and *R. glauca, °Trisetum latifolium, * Dianella

37

cerulea, °Riedelia orchioides,-75 m. high with red perianth-segments and
red-tipped lip, replaced, where the sandy ground was more exposed, by
the creeping *Jsachne miliacea, * Centella asiatica, *Galium javanicum var.,
and the fleshy-leaved *Mycetia javanicum var. anthotricha,

Shallow Standing Water.

Behind this fringing bank, where the level was lower, sandy shallow
basins of standing water held the alge *Microspora pachyderma, Spirogyra
sp. sterile, *Netrium oblongum, and a Penium sp., possibly a form of
P. phymatosporum, surrounded with patches of * Sphagnum Junghuhnianum,
°Dawsonia gigantea, to be succeeded by *Hypericum mutilum, Halorrhagis
micrantha, *Centella asiatica, * Hydrocotyle vulgaris, abundant here, *Poly-
gonum barbatum and *P. strigosum, the white *Viola distans, *Galium

Javanicum var., * Bidens bipinnatus, and * Emilia sonchifolia.

Grass-jungle on Edge of Forest.

Growth on the edge of the forest as it ran on to the marsh was always
rampant, and this was especially the case to the south side of the isolated
forest-patch, where, meeting over one’s head, the tangled mass of fern, sedge,
and shrubs had to be forced aside to penetrate into it,

Amongst the herbaceous growth *Stenochlena sorbifolia, * Gleichenia
vuleaniea, and °Oleandra cuspidata were common all round, the scrambling
*Gleichenia levigata abundant in the open to under the trees, *G. glauca up
to 6 m. with *@. linearis, *Cladium falcatum, *Gahnia psittacorum up to
2 m., Halorrhagis suffruticosa, Oldenlandia nutans, and Coleus Gibbsee, all
drawn up to the level of their environment, with the shrubs °Medinilla
Forbesti, * Melastoma malabathricum var. adpressum, the lanky single shoots
of young plants of Potkilogyne arfakensis, °Rhododendron Devriesianum,
°h. letum, and the pink R. undulaticalyx. The gregarious °Scevola Lauter-
bach with long semi-scandent shoots, shining leaves, and for the genus
large yellow flowers, known hitherto from N.E. New Guinea, dominated in
the tangled mass of fern and sedge.

c. OPEN Summit oF Korsré Movunraiy, 9000’.
Cladonia Association.

The open summit of Koebré forms a flat plateau with a hard surface of
disintegrated quartz-granite on which quartz-gravel lies so thickly that it
gives quite a white effect. Where the rock is exposed it shows as large a
proportion of quartz-veins as of granite.

Herbaceous plants——On this open plateau, for which systematic burning
is again responsible, a remarkable association of Cladonia spp. prevailed,
spreading over the whole area as a uniform grey carpet, about 3 em. high,
composed of *Cladonia verticillata, *C. didyma, and *C. coccifera, displaced

38

in certain parts by stretches of short *Pteridium aquilinum var. lanuginosum
or *Gleichenia vulcanica, and in damper places dense mats of Centrolepis
novo-guineensis.

Associated with the Cladonia were clumps of °Riedelia montana var.
arfakensis, and colonies of *Burmannia disticha and *Gahnia psittacorum,
the latter dwarfed to °50 m. high. Patersonia novo-quineensis in full flower,
the gleaming white or pale mauve corollas well exposed, was dotted in tufts
all along the summit, a most interesting first record of a genus known from
Kinabalu, Mt. Halcon in the Philippines, and Australia.

A small example of the green °Platanthera elliptica was a remarkable find,
the species alone being previously known from 8.W. New Guinea, while
the two new varieties, so abundant in the moss-grown forest of the S.W.
ridge and the small high mossy forest-patch by the lower lake, were not seen
on the slopes of Koebré. Patches of the familiar °D). rhomboglossum and
°D. fruticicola, both as conspicuous as on the marsh, with the magenta
°“D. infractum, represented the terrestrial orchids in flower, with Glomera
Gibbsew epiphytic on the upper branches of a wind-swept shrub.

Didiseus koebrensis with many radiating stolons, near a species already
collected on Mt. Scratchley in the S.E. supposed to be a variety of
D. saniculefolius of Kinabalu and Mt. Halcon. Qldenlandia nutans var.
alpinum was dwarfed to 50 m. “Myrmedoma arfakiana (P1. 8. fig. 6) with
its slate-blue flowers the size of a shilling, showing all round the formless
bristly stems, of which the fleshy consistency no doubt resists the fires, grew
in solitary examples, one of which, about a metre in height, sent out a metre-
long shoot from the apex at right angles to the main stem.

Shrubs.—The exposed and wind-swept character of this summit plateau
was shown in the shrubs, which either spread prostrate over the surface or
were clipped back into small compact shapes. Hibbertia novo-guineensis, a
plant with large flowers and spreading habit and very near to H. scandens
of E. Australia, is the first species in this genus, hitherto known from
Australia and New Caledonia, to be described for Malaya or New Guinea.
The ever-present *Backea frutescens took on a prostrate form, Acronychia
arfakensis, with insignificant white flowers and reddish fruit, was either pros-
trate or erect, while Myrtus prostrata, with reddish stems and small coriaceous
leaves, had developed quite dorsiventral shoots, resting on the ground.

Small erect shrubs were *Henslowia umbellata with yellow foliage,
Diplycosia Lilianee, and Vaccinium villosiflorum, while the dark green Tel-
minthodia rotundifolia, the typical °Styphelia Gjellerupii, with white flowers
and pink berries, and another Styphelia sp., of which the material was not
sufficiently complete for identification, °Rhododendron angiense, Sericolea
novo-guineensis with Psychotria vaccinioides, were of clipped compact habit.

A couple of small trees of Dacrydium novo-guineense dwarfed to about
4 m., with stiff, Araucaroid, ascending branches, bore many tiny ripe cones,

re oe

39

glinting red through the dark green foliage, a fortunate fact, deciding the
genus of a very prevalent species of conifer, of which it was certain that the
abundant seedlings in various growth-forms could only represent a new
Dacrydium sp., but the search for fruiting specimens at lower altitudes
proved unsuccessful.

In reference to this exposed lichen-covered plateau a quotation from
Lorenz (22, viii. (1909) 178) in “ Nova Guinea” suggests the presence of a
similar association on the Charles Louis Mountains, while Mr. Stroeve of the
Dutch Navy, whom I had the pleasure of meeting at Manokoeari after my
return from the Arfak, described what seemed a very similar formation as
vecurring on the mountains to the south of Geelvink Bay at about the same
altitude, where not only the practice of burning obtains but potatoes are also
grown. [heard later with great regret of the untimely fate of this promising
young officer, who, after most successful exploration and surveying work
on the Ruffaier River, was treacherously shot by arrow by Papuans on the
Waroza River, near the coast to the east of Geelvink Bay (26, 782).

PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL CONCLUSIONS.

These may be summarized as follows :—

(1) New Guinea, the centre of distribution for many so-called
Polynesian, Australian, and to a lesser extent Malayan types, of
which the Papuan species are not only older in type, but also
show extraordinarily pronounced specific differentiation.

(2) Wide distribution in New Guinea of endemic Mountain types.

(3) Low Mountain Forest formation approximates to the Ridge forma-
tion of Mt. Kinabalu and the Philippines.

(4) Mountain Forest Flora of the Arfak Mountains possibly represents
the oldest Papuan type.

(5) Pteridophytic and Bryophytic Floras are more Polynesian than
Malayan in incidence and luxuriance.

(6) Open “ Opportunity ” Plant Associations offer further proof of the
autochthonous character of the Papuan Flora.

1. NEW GUINEA THE CENTRE OF DISTRIBUTION FOR MANY SO-CALLED
MALAYAN, POLYNESIAN, AND AUSTRALIAN TYPES,

Evidence of New Guinea as the centre of distribution for many plant-
types, so far considered Polynesian or Australian, has been strikingly
confirmed on the present occasion. Emphasized by the well-known botanists
who have worked out the results, such evidence has been a marked feature
of recent Dutch and German exploration, and was also shown in Kloss’s
Mt. Cartensz collections '.

4 Ridley, H. N., “ Report on the Botany of the Wollaston Expedition to Dutch New
- Guinea,” Trans. Liss. Soe., ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 1-269, pls. i.—vi.

40

Geological support for this theory is quoted by Wallace (7, 443) in
‘Island Life,’ who points out that the “1000 fathom line, which indicates
the land area which would be produced if the sea-bottom were elevated 6000’,
extends in a broad mass westwards, then sending out two great arms, one
reaching to beyond Lord Howe’s Island, while the other stretches over
Norfolk Island to the great barrier reef, thus forming a connection between
Tropical Australia and New Guinea.”

Sieberg ! explains the same configuration in greater detail as follows :-—
“ Neuguinea und der Bismarckarchipel gehiren nach E. Suess dem inner-
sten unter den Bégen junger Faltengebirge an, die vom Osten her sich
gegen die alte starre Festlandstafel Australien anlegen und die in Neu-
seeland zusammentreffen. Dieser innerste australishe Bogen setzt sich aus
zwei annithernd parallelen Teilstiicken zusammen, die beide in die Nord-
nordwesthalbinsel Neuseelands miinden. Die Nordwestlich streichenden
Ketten hoher Faltengebirge, die das innere Neuguineas der Liinge nach
durehziehen (Bismarck und Kritkegebirge, Viktor-Emanuel, Charles-Louis
Gebirge) reichen untermeerisch noch weithin und ragen in ihren hdchsten
Spitzen als die Inselgruppe der Louisiaden und Neukaledonien empor ; der
dstliche parallelbogen setzt sich zusammen aus Neumecklenburg, den
Salomonen und Neuen Hebriden.”

Of the preponderating influence of the New Guinea Flora, when suffi-
ciently well-known, we have an instance in the Orchidacez, a family which
in the N.E. has received the expert attention of Schlechter (23), the
well-known authority and collector. Dr. J. J. Smith, of Buitenzorg, an
equally keen expert in this family, has not only described nearly all the
orchids of the N.W. and S.W. so far known, but has also consistently
enjoined on collectors in the Dutch possessions to devote particular atten-
tion to these plants, so that from both these sources we can form some idea
of the general incidence and distribution of this one order throughout the
country.

Such is the wealth of material in a single instance in this little-explored
island that Schlechter, whose unrivalled experience in N.E. New Guinea
has spread over a number of years, summarizes his results in orchids alone
as 116 genera with 1450 species, of which 1102 are new (23, i. 14, xiii),
He considers that nowhere in the world is the Ore
2600 species as being known from there. Orchids known from Australia
and common to New Guinea he (28, i. 14, xix) looks upon as branches of
the Malayan-Papuan flora in Australia, the Orchid flora of tropical Australia
having developed under strong Malayan-Papuan influence, but it has had
little influence on the Papuan flora. This remark, to those who have

hid flora so rich, quoting

' Sieberg, A., “ Die Erdbebentiatigkeit in Deutsch-Neuguinea (Kaiser-Wilhelms-land und
Bismarckarchipel),” Peterm. Mitth, lvi. pt. 2 (1919) 118,

41

worked over the two areas, succinctly summarizes the whole relation of
both floras.

This Malay-Papuan influence is the determining factor extending to the
South Sea Islands, while the Moluccas show Malay with Philippine ground-
types and a strong Papuan influence (28, i. 14, xx), and Schlechter describes
New Guinea as the centre of distribution of an endemic Orchid flora ( Aus-
gangscentrum einer eigener Orchideenflora ”) (23, i. 14, xx) as evidenced
by Corysanthes, supposed to be Australian, but now truly Papuan, 13 species
being known from N.E. New Guinea alone. The presence of this genus in
Australia, New Caledonia, Samoa, Java, Philippines, and the Himalayas
suggests radiation from a Papuan centre of development (23, 14, xxiii).

This overwhelming Papuan influence is amply demonstrated in many
other families, which not only show an actual numerical predominance in
species, but also a greater range of specific differentiation than is known
from elsewhere : for example, Libocedrus (4), Drimys (19), Myrtus (6) ; of
Pandanus and Freyeinetia, 1 have never seen such a wide range in form ;
while in Rhododendron, Vaccinium, Styphelia, the numerical predominance
along with the great morphological range of form is unsurpassed in any
other region, except perhaps, in the case of the first, Central China.

Further interesting proof of the soundness of this point of view is afforded
by comparison of the Australian and New Guinea representatives of the
same genera, the Papuan forms showing decidedly the oldest types.

In the present collection perhaps Trimenia is the most striking case in
point. 7. weinmanniefolia Seem., described in 1852 from Fiji, a dicecious
plant, remained the type of a supposed monotypic Polynesian genus, closely
allied to Piptocalye Moorei, also dioecious, ranking as a monotypic Australian,
one, till Ridley described T. papuana from Mt. Carstensz in 1916. 7. arfak-
ensis is included in the present paper.

Two species of Zrimenia are now known from New Guinea, both
hermaphrodite, while two new species in a closely allied new genus, Jden-
burgia, show a syncarpous bilocular ovary, proving not only that the dicecious
habit of the two isolated outliers of this order is probably derived, but also
that the systematic position of Zrimenia and Piptocalya in the apocarpous
Monimiacez is untenable, necessitating the new order Trimeniacez.

An equally convincing example is that of Pullea, a genus established by
Schlechter in Saxifragacee to include two plants with inferior ovary from
N.E. and N.W. New Guinea respectively, to which P. papuana is now
added, with a N. Queensland species, P. Stutzeri = Callicoma Stutzeri
F. Muell., first distributed as Stutzeria by him, but afterwards included in
Callicoma. Pullea, therefore, now includes three distinct Papuan species
and one N, Australian, but, had the latter plant first been accorded proper
generic position, the former would have been cited as evidence of a wave of
Australian immigration into New Guinea,

42

Of the two Papuan species in Buckhousia, another of the so-called
Australian endemic genera, one was described by Ridley from Mt. Carstensz,
to which a second, one of the commonest trees in the Arfak, is now added.
Both have normal calyx-lobes, while the Australian species show a secondary
petaloid development of the lobes, evidently derived in character, though
previously considered a generic distinction.

The same case may be quoted for Didiscus, where the older types,
according to the Monographer,! showing a normal calyx, occur in Malaya
and New Guinea, with one species in N. Australia, whereas those with
aborted calyx-lobes, by far the most numerous, are known from the rest of
that continent, with one species from some Polynesian Islands.

Further evidence is also forthcoming in interesting new records of
genera not previously known from New Guinea, namely, Hibbertia, hitherto
considered Australian and New Caledonian; Centrolepis, abundant at 7000’
and 9000’, connects New Guinea with the open summit of Kinabalu in
N. Borneo at 13,000’, Mt. Halcon in the Philippines at 7000’, and 8. China
on the one hand, and Australia and New Zealand on the other; while the
genus Patersonia, supposed on inadequate knowledge to be endemic Australian,
shows the same distribution, with the exception of 8. China, and now in-
cludes three very distinct Malayan mountain types.

In the case of species, Gahnia psittacorum, abundant everywhere in the
Arfak from 7000’, is the first record for Malaya of a plant widely distributed
in KE. Australia to Tasmania.

2. WIDE DISTRIBUTION IN NEW GUINEA OF ENDEMIC
MOUNTAIN TYPES.

In considering questions bearing on the phytogeography of New Guinea,
as a whole, it is important to take into consideration the fact that it is a
country of 786,000 km. in area (23, i. 14,1), most of which is mountainous in
character and undisturbed in condition. A huge region of vast ranges, in —
which all intercourse between the relatively few and scattered inhabitants
is not only restricted by natural barriers, but also by the many different
languages, no two tribes having a common speech, even when living in
apparent proximity on the same range of mountains. Both these facts have
effectually debarred outside penetration into the mysterious back-country.

Though our knowledge of the plant-covering of these mountains is
extremely limited, such phytogeographical exploration so far accomplished
points, as would be expected under such virgin conditions, to the homogeneity
and stability of the flora as a whole. This fact is evinced in the pronounced
_endemism and wide distribution throughout the whole country, further

‘ Domin, K., “Monographie ‘der Gattung Didiscus (DC.).” Sitz. Kén. bohm. Ges. d.
Wiss. ii. Cl. (1908) 21.

43

convincing proofs of which are afforded in the present collection. The
following instances may be quoted.

All the mountains of New Guinea show a preponderating number of
species belonging to Rhododendron and Vaccinium in Ericaces and Styphelia
in Kpacridaceze, though but few identical species have been so far recorded ;
but that this point is only a question of further investigation is proved by the
distribution of the very distinct Rk. Vonroemeri, which, most abundant in
the Arfak, is recorded for the Cyclops Mountains in the north, and from
the Hellwig Mountains and Mt. Carstensz in the south-west (=R. calceo-
larioides Wernham). Medinilla Forbesti, collected in the south-east and the
south-west, is now established for the north-west as well, while Timonius
filipes and Podocarpus papuanus, first collected on Mt. Carstensz, are
common on the Arfak at higher altitudes. Quercus Lauterbachii} and
Scevola Lauterbachii,’ generally collected in the north-east, were not pre-
viously known from Dutch N.W. New Guinea.

In small herbaceous plants two new species of Didiseus link up the
Arfak with the Owen Stanley range in the south-east, while /Mriocaulon
leucogenes, Trisetum latifolium, and Gentiana Vanderwateri are common to
the former and Mt. Carstensz. Spiranthes papuana is now known from the
north-east and north-west, Platanthera elliptica from north and south-west.
New species in genera tirst recorded from New Guinea through Kloss’s
Carstensz collections, such as Zrimenia and Backhousia, are now proved to
be common to the Arfak as well; also the genera Pullea and Sericolea,
the latter represented by six species in the north-east, one in the south-east,
three on Mt. Carstensz, and now by two in the Arfak; while Libocedrus,
known from the north-east, south-east, and south-west, and Dacrydium from
the north-east, south-west, and south-east, are abundantly represented by
one very distinct species each in the Arfak.

3. THE LOW MOUNTAIN FOREST FORMATION APPROXIMATES TO THE
RIDGE FORMATION OF MT, KINABALU AND THE PHILIPPINES,

The low forest formation approximates very closely to that of the
serpentine ridges of Kinabalu from 7000’, but with a larger proportion of
what I would have previously described as southern hemisphere types, but
prefer now to refer to as Papuan.

Identical plants so far recorded are Phyllocludus hypophyllus, Myrtus
flavida var. glabrescens, a glabrous variety of the Kinabalu plant, while
closely allied species occur in Dawsonia, Podocarpus, Ducrydium, Centrolepis,
Patersonia, Didiscus, Gentiana, and others.

* Schumann, K., and Lauterbach, K., ‘Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Siidsee,’
Leipzig, 1901. Nachtrige, 1906.

44

The prominence of orchids, Myrtaceswe, Rhododendrons, Styphelias, and
Vacciniums, in relation to other plants, is equally emphasized, but members
of the Araliacese, an old type of plant so prominent in the Arfak of New
Guinea, are, so far as we know, absent on the N. Bornean mountain.

From descriptions of the Philippine mountain-ridge vegetation it would
appear that the Papuan facies again predominates, thus approximating it to
that of the Arfak and Mt. Kinabalu, the absence of araliaceous types being
less marked, though of the typical Papuan genera Anomopanaz is represented
by one species, and Kissodendron and Mackinlaya are absent. Phyllocladus
hypophyllus is common to all, with allied Dacrydium and Podocarpus spp.
Glochidion Merrillii is also common to the Arfak, but a thinning out in the
number of Styphelia and Vaccinium spp.is apparent, while the Rhododendrons
show a great reduction in variety of type.

4, THE MOUNTAIN FOREST FLORA OF THE ARFAK MOUNTAINS
POSSIBLY REPRESENTS OLDEST PAPUAN TYPE,

It is in the Arfak alone, of all the Papuan mountain ranges of similar or
greater altitude, that two different localities have been worked over on three
separate occasions. This fact gives a wider field of comparison in relation
to this range. On comparing the general type of vegetation and the
generic and specific distinctness of the plants so far collected on this range
with those ‘known from similar localities, one feels inclined to look upon
these granite mountains as carrying an older part of the Papuan flora.
Where so little is known, however, of the mountain flora of the country as
a whole, and collections remain limited to vertical sequence, it is impossible
to base such an impression on any actual fact, and the hypothesis is only
worth advancing as a possible consideration for future workers.

The contrast is very striking between the recent “korang” belt, from
which this range on the east rises almost without transition as abruptly as
the mountains on the north from the sea, and the well-defined limits and
deep soil of the foot-hills and lower ranges. The extreme homogeneity of
the mountain forest zone, the extraordinarily small incidence of outside or
immigration plants, combined with the relatively broad crests of the ridges
and the tremendously weathered condition of the main range, are all facts
which point to general stability in condition, spreading over a considerable
epoch of time.

The climate of the Arfak would also seem to be more favourable than on
other ranges, and the nature and structure of the plants are not so limited
by the edaphic and atmospheric factors which play such a large part in the
restriction of floral conditions on Kinabalu.

For instance, all the Arfak plants show coriaceous to very small leaves,
and the hairy covering or tomentum, common to many of the Kinabalu

45

plants, is quite absent—a fact possibly to be attributed to the warm well-
drained soil of disintegrated granite and the even conditions of illumination
with less direct exposure to wind. The “ Nebelwald” of the German
botanists, described as predominating on the mountains of the north-east,
with trees swathed in lichen, is absent, also the “ Kriippelwald ” association,
while the turgid vegetative form of mossy forest is limited in incidence.

But, of course, so far as the two former associations are concerned, the
lower altitude is a possible and limiting factor.

5. PTERIDOPHYTIC AND BRYOPHYTIC FLORAS ARE MORE POLYNESIAN
THAN MALAYAN IN INCIDENCE AND LUXURIANCE.

The Pteridophytes and Bryophytes of the Arfak proved exceedingly
varied and luxuriant in incidence, more Polynesian than Malayan in facies,
but endemic Papuan in type. In mosses Spiridens, with a limited distribu-
tion in Polynesia, and since recorded from the north-east and north-west of
New Guinea and Borneo, is probably a Papuan generic type.

6. OPEN. “OPPORTUNITY ” PLANT ASSOCIATION,

In a mountainous forest country like New Guinea, sparsely inhabited,
with little or no intercommunication between the different tribes, and no
migratory herds of grazing animals, there is everything to conserve and
nothing to modify natural conditions.

Lying in what may be called the centre of the monsun region, the whole
country is subjected to a more or less regular rhythm of alternating air
currents. Beccari (12, i. 216) has emphasized that the north-east monsun,
blowing regularly from November to April, must affect the general distribu-
tion of plants in the regions which come under the immediate influence of
these prevailing winds. This opinion has been already advanced by myself,'
and later? from observations on the granite core of the exposed summit of
Kinabalu, before I had seen Beccari’s convincing remarks in relation to his
own observations throughout Malaya.

Beccari aptly remarks that seeds are lighter than grains of sand from
volcanoes, and are adapted to remain longer in the air. Authenticated
instances of the possibilities of long-distance transport of grains of sand and
voleanic ash by the agency of wind are quoted by him (12, i. 216-220).
Warming?® advances the same theory, for which extraordinary proof is
forthcoming in recent work of the Geological Survey of India. La Touche *

! L, S. Gibbs, “ A Contribution to the Montane Flora of Fiji, with Ecological Notes,”
Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxix. (1909) 137.

. _ A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mt. Kinabalu and the
Highlands of Brit. N. Borneo,” /. ¢. xlii. (1914) 47.

2 'T, Warming, ‘ History of the Flora of the Feroes,’ Botany of the Faroes—II. Copen-
hagen, 1903.

* T. H. D. La Touche, Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind. xxxv. (1902) 42,

46

discovered small undamaged foraminifera in the desert sand of Barmar and
Bikanir, which must have reached the heart of the desert by wind trans-
portation over a distance of 500 miles from the coast of Cutch.

This interesting observation gave the first clue to the remarkable work
organized by T. H. Holland,! to explain the origin of several intermittent
saline lakes in the Rajputana desert, in which the quantity of salt stored
is in excess of the amount that could be accumulated by normal freshwater
rivers acting within any reasonable geological period under present physio-
graphic conditions. ‘The Rann of Cutch dries up in the hot dry season, to
be covered with a thin incrustation of salt. This salt is transported by
strong winds from the south-west, which blow regularly from April to June,
to be followed by the rainy season, when the salt, deposited on the surface
of the desert, is washed in solution into convenient hollows, forming small
lakes. It was found, as a result of this investigation, which should be widely
' known amongst botanists, that during four months of the hot season of 1908
the amount of wind-borne salt passing a front of 300 km. broad and 100 m.
high must have been something of the order of 130,000 tons.

Recently our airmen? operating in Mesopotamia have found the “ dust
chokes the engines and the sand above blows as high as 4000'.” Further
interesting proof of the constant direction of air-currents is afforded in the
first report on upper air research in Australia,’ when difficulties were
encountered owing to the fact that Melbourne is on the south coast of
Australia, and the prevailing winter winds, as well as the upper currents in
advance of cyclonic disturbances, are from a northerly direction, and thus
carry the balloons out to sea. Material carried by wind is deposited on
reaching contrary currents, when should the seeds carried be precipitated on
to a suitable habitat germination takes place (12, i. 220).

Cross-currents would be most likely met with on the summits of high
mountains, where conditions in the tropics would alone be favourable to
ombrophobous plants requiring temperate conditions. We have now sufficient
evidence to prove that the area of high open country on the immense chains
of mountains in New Guinea must carry an enormous number of species of
this type of plant. The summits of Mt. Kinabalu in Borneo, Mt. Halcon.
and others in the Philippines, and Bonthain Peak in Celebes, would offer
the only suitable habitat for such plants between New Guinea and the
Himalayas in the west monsun region of distribution.

In those cases where not only the suitable area but also the fauna is much
restricted, though identical conditions of temperature and rainfall prevail,

‘ T. H. Holland: successive Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of India published
in Records G. 8. I. during 1904-09; “ Discussion on the Physiography of Arid “Lands,”
Report Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1914, 363 (1915).

* Candler, Edmund, ‘ Daily Mail,’ Dec. 19, 1916,

* Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorol., Bull. 13 (Melbourne, 1915).

47

possibilities in the evolution of new species are practically inhibited, and we
get the same or very closely allied representatives.

But when cross-currents from the Antarctic (24, 222) cause precipitation
in Australia, the opportunity habitat is that of a large and open arid plateau
with little or no elevation, low rainfall; and a different and unlimited insect
fauna. Where constant conditions in illumination, temperature, and limited
rainfall prevail, there is practically nothing to limit the multiplication of
species able to survive the widely prevailing arid conditions of this continent,
of which the rainfall is less than 10” over 100,000,000 sq. miles! A
multitude of plants, so similar in appearance that it is difficult on casual
acquaintance to separate the different species, are evolved, especially as
annuals or ephemerals of the eremaea. To quote the genus Didiscus again,
which well exemplifies this theory: according to Domin? the Calycina
section represents the oldest form, limited to four species, of which two are
Papuan, one extending to N. Borneo and the Philippines ; the others occur
in Celebes and N.E. Australia respectively. Pseudo-calycina, considered
atavistic, is represented by one Papuan species and two in N.E. Australia.
The rest, or Eudidiscus, are all mostly annuals, younger types, represented
largely in W. Australia, with one in the Polynesian Islands, where restricted

conditions would Jimit the evolution of the many closely allied species, so
marked a feature of Australian xerophytic types.

Open plant associations at the Angi lakes belong to the ‘“ Opportunity ”
category, as under normal conditions these areas would be in forest, being
only kept open by the means of artificial burning at regular intervals. It is
‘extremely interesting in this respect that it should be possible to compare
two distinct associations of this type, developed under absolutely opposed
conditions, viz. :—

1. The open marsh at 7000’, sheltered in position, showing varying
conditions of soil and constant conditions of moisture.

2. The Cladonia association of Koebré at 9000’, where constant con-
ditions of exposure and drainage prevail with a hard surface soil, sterilised
by the constant burning.

No more certain proof is afforded of the derived character of a flora
than that offered in a forest country by open spaces due to artificial cireum-
stances, providing conditions, rainfall, and temperature are favourable.
This fact is well exemplified in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, where
both rainfall and original plant covering once approached present Papuan
conditions, but now, under the stress of competition with ombrophobous
immigrant plants, not a single native species will be found in such areas.

1 Griffith Taylor, “ Discussion on the hysiography of Arid Lands,” Report Brit. Assoc.

Adv. Sci. for 1914, 303 (1915). Cae
2 Domin, K., “Monographie der Gattung Didiseus (DC.).” Sitz. Kon, béhm, Ges, d,

Wiss. ii. Cl. (1908) 13, 20-23,

48

So much is this the case that the history and country of origin of immigrant
man, to whose agency the presence of this ‘‘ Opportunity flora ” is indirectly
due, can be pretty accurately determined by the nature of the invading plants.
It is the absence of aliens in the “Opportunity ” associations of the Arfak
which form the engrossingly interesting feature in the phytogeography
of this region.

1. Open Marsh.

Endemism is the dominant note in the plant-covering of this marsh.
Most of the dominant plants found there are now described for the first time,
or were first collected by Beccari and Gjellerup. One or two have been
previously described from New Guinea, as Eriocaulon leucogenes and Trisetum
latifolium ; others, to quote new Papuan records alone, are incidental wind
immigrants from the Himalayas, as Xyris pauciflora, Polygonum strigosum,
and Viola distans. The latter is unknown in Malaya with the exception of
the Philippines, while the others reach N.E. Australia, and therefore their
incidence in New Guinea was to be taken for granted. In Utricularia
racemosa and U. bifida, the former shows the Himalayan range and the
latter is limited to Malaya, while Gahnia psittacorum, abundant on both
these open areas and also at home in the forest, reaches E. Australia and
Tasmania. Most of the other Cyperaceze are cosmopolitan temperate types,
of incidental wind distribution, like the eryptogams, of which, in relation to
the freshwater Algee, Professor West writes “that all the species observed
are ubiquitous, few of the tropical ascending to 7000’, the one exception
being Closterium Bacillum, known only from Burma.” The lichens, most’
mosses and ferns, including the Lycopodiums of these areas, are also cosmo-
politan, while the only Selaginella collected is endemic.

The one plant to suggest man’s agency was Desmodium Scalpe, an
unexpected representative of a genus that may almost be described as alien
to the Papuan mountain flora, but, growing on the site of van Oosterzee’s
and the Pratts’ camps, it may be considered the one relic of alien intrusion.
On Kinabalu this plant has so far only been found at Lobang, on the
invariable camping-site.

2. Cladonia Association of Koebré.

None of the ombrophobous herbaceous plants with the exception of the
Riedelias, a feature of the open spaces of the S.W. ridge and of this summit
plateau, were collected in the surrounding forest. They were all plants
requiring constant illumination and low temperature for their development,
of which the germination of the seeds would be inhibited under shade
conditions.

Some of these plants, such as the Dendrobiums and Centrolepis, are
common to the open spaces of the S.W. ridge and to the marsh; of the

49

others, Didiscus has been recorded from Mt. Scratchley in the south-east,
and the Platanthera from the south-west.

The presence of the other plants must be due to wind-incidence, and they
would be derived from natural exposed areas above the tree-level on the
mountains of greater altitude to the east and south of the country,

The cryptogams, again, as is the case on the marsh, are all cosmopolitan.

This remarkable ridge association of Koebré combines some of the most
peculiar elements of what have been considered the Malayan, Polynesian,
and Australian floras.

The plants found there show roughly what the systematic enumeration
of the species collected proves in detail, that the flora of the mountains of
New Guinea, almost unknown outside the last ten years, must now be
considered the axle of a wheel of distribution, of which the spokes alone have
so fur been familiar to us. This is in agreement with all recent work at
similar or greater altitudes. Had that axle, even now barely investigated,
been worked out first, we would, as a matter of course, speak of the
dominance of Papuan elements in neighbouring floras as the German and
Dutch botanists have already rightly suggested. ©

SOME PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE N.W. COAST.
Dorei Bay.

The chief plant association of Dorei Bay is that of the “korang” forest
. clothing the low coral-limestone range which rises immediately behind Mano-
koeari to the height of about 500’, in a gradual slope from the sea-shore.

This forest is still in its pristine condition, as all the surface-water drains
through the sterile and porous subsoil, to a certain level line, about 200’
above the beach, which marks the issue of the small streams representing the
drainage of the ridge. This line also limits possible cultivation, as below it
the “korang” is covered with sufficient depth of soil, due mostly to the
erosive action of these streams, to allow of necessary but not luxuriant
cultivation.

The old “ pisang”?! plantations of the Alfueros, now run to seed, with
secondary jungle upgrowth, abut on to the natural forest at this level, on
which both the reservoirs collecting for the water-supply of Manokoeari are
situated at different points.

The peculiarities of this “korang” forest were noted by Forrest in 1750
(1, 111), who wrote “there being no underwood it is easy travelling under
the lotty trees”; and Dumont d’Urville in 1827 (3, iv. 581) estimated the trees
in the forest as 80-200! high, eee of a “ sol dégagé, arbrisseaux clairsemés,

“1. Banana,

50

fougéres de petite taille, et fort peu de plantes herbacées,” and further on
(3, iv. 602), “Tous les environs du havre proprement dit sont occupés par des
foréts & état de nature, situées sur un sol enti¢rement madréporique, qui
s’éléve en pente trés douce ” ; and, finally, Wallace, in 1852 (6, 173), describes
“the Dorey promontory is a raised coral reef, and, geologically speaking, a
very recent one. The beach is a mass of dead and broken coral, not yet
ground into sand, quite impracticable for walking, and from this beach up
into the jungle, and even on to the hill, to the height of 200’ or 300’, there is
scarcely a perceptible change in the coral rock, and the masses of coral and
shells that everywhere strew the surface. In some of the gulleys, however,
I found traces of a core of stratified rock.”

I did not work over any of the gullies, as once off the “ korang” range
the conditions are all secondary, every inch of ground having been under
present or past cultivation.

With regard to the beach, the coral mentioned by Wallace had possibly
been washed up by a heavy N.W. monsun, as our own beaches are often
covered with shingle during the winter gales, to be dispersed again later.
At the period of my stay it. was certainly not an apparent factor.

On the “korang” the soil is so thin that the coral is always visible,
mostly covered with dead leaves. The most interesting portion is along the
flat-topped summit where the surface is more even and advantageous to
plants, and in parts small soak-areas hold shallow standing water. The
immediate flanks proved barren of results, being very dry with great over-
hanging outcrops of pure “ korang ”’-like cliffs, too porous to offer much hold
for plants. ;

On what may perhaps be referred to as the drainage-line of the streams
issuing from the range, quite a different type of undergrowth prevailed,
almost luxuriant in character, comprising chiefly ferns, Zingiberaceous and
Araceous plants.

Trees.—Most conspicuous were fine isolated examples of that magnificent
palm *Pigajetta pilaris. Too beautiful to cut down, I only took some old
fruit and the measurements of the immense leaves,—those shed, with the
old flowering rhachises, remaining piled around each tree, which in con-
sequence form isolated spots in the forest. Dr. Beccari, however, with his
personal knowledge of this locality and expert interest, had no difficulty in
determining this splendid species. * Ficus myriocarpa, *F’. celebica, * F. botryo-
earpa, and °F. brachiata, the two latter with green receptacles which all
contained water, were very general, with the large-leaved °Macaranga riparia,
*Mallotus tiliefolia, Aglaia Gibbsee, with large branching white racemes,
* Euonymus javanicus, and * Albizzia moluceana.

Climbing plants—All the trunks of the trees were covered with root-
climbing epiphytes, as in the “korang” forest of the inundation-zone of

51

Geelvink Bay—Pothos sp. not seen in flower or fruit, *Piper Forstenii
with huge leaves, also sterile. The scandent fern Thysanosoria dimorpho-
phylla (Pl. 4. fig. 7) with fertile fronds at the apex of the shoots, the type
of a new genus, was very common with *Lygodium digitatum, °Freycinetia
lanceolata, *Dracena angustifolia, *Flagellaria indica in huge examples
running up the tallest trees in the forest, and *Zanonia macrocarpa enveloping
most of them in its heavy curtains.

Epiphytes.—As in the littoral korang forest these were not numerous and
not a single orchid was collected. Possibly the thick swathing growth of
climbing epiphytes and stem-clasping lianes may, to a certain extent, account
for their absence, also perhaps the porous nature of the subsoil, which
reduces the constant evaporation so essential to the support of the large
epiphytic flora common to the primary high forest of the foot-hills. The
moss *Pelekium trachypodum on dead wood, the fern * Antrophyum reticu-
latum, with the white-flowered °Mymecodia pulvinata, were collected.

Undergrowth.—The hepatic *Dumortiera velutina was found in patches,
and the ferns *Stenosemia aurita always in colonies, while * Asplenium laser-
pitiifolium, * Aspidium Lenzeanum, with *Dryopteris truncata and * Diplazium
proliferum, the two latter like small tree-ferns in habit, were dotted about.
Small colonies of the creeping *Hemigraphis reptans, * Geophila reniformis,
with the orchids, always grouped, Microstylis Gibbsew and the larger orange-
green °M. zanthocheila, with Liparis maboroensis var. bistriata. Of larger
plants, *Centotheca lappacea and *Schleria maryaritifera, the small white
Dracceena novo-guineensis with very screwed leaves, were abundant; Pellionia
Vanhasseltti massed on a prostrate trunk and on the ground beneath, the
stinging °Laportea armata about 1-2 m. high, gregarious on a small soak-
area, and the shrubby Amarocarpus Wichmannit, about 1 m. high with
dorsiventral branches, were scattered over the surface, which showed no
understaging of shrubs and little even of young trees.

In the denser undergrowth at the base of the forest, on the drainage-line,
abounded * Aspidium pachyphyllum with fertile and sterile fronds, °Aglaionema
novo-guineensis about 1 m. high, the leaves crowded towards the top and the
flowers with green spathes and white spadix and red fruit, and °Cyrtosperma
macrotum ; °Alocasia acuta, a peculiar plant with large fleshy leaves on long
petioles, crowded at the apex of a stem about 2 m. high, with the flowers
bunched in the axils of the leaves, was common, with the white *Peristrophe
jalappefolia, not previously recorded outside Java. Schismatoglottis dorensis
spread in large colonies in more open places where the white translucent
Clavaria Gibbsew and * Dictyophora phalloidea, always yellow, were plentiful,
the presence of the latter being invariably revealed by the smell, with
*Geaster jim! riatus and the smaller G. mirabilis var. trichijer.

52

Clearings at Edge of Forest and Secondary Jungle.

This form of tropical upgrowth was not so rampant as is usually the case,
on account of the poor “ korang” subsoil, but it proved more than usually
interesting in character in showing such a large proportion of endemic
Papuan and Moluccan species.

In clearings Gigantochloa novo-guineensis, apparently cultivated, was in
flower, the fine Pandanus Tabbersianus bearing fruits almost 1 m. long,
*Mallotus tiliefolia, *Mellochia arborea, * Kleinhofia hospita, *Tamarindus
indica, * Rubus moluccanus, * Callicarpa erioclona, white, °Premna nitida, also
white-flowered with black fruit, and the ubiquitous * Wedelia biflora, with the
seandent *Allophyllus Cobbe, *Flagellaria indica, *Rhyssopteris timorensis,
the bright yellow °Scevola novo-guineensis, *Merremia nympheifolia, with the
epiphytic °Loranthus Versteegii, of which the flowering, vertically hanging
shoots bear dense red racemes, standing out at right angles to the stems for
half their length, were all general. There has been some question lately
about the fertilization of Loranthus sp. by butterflies. I can only say that, on
vigorously pulling one of the long shoots in the first excitement at seeing
such a peculiar Loranthus form, I was covered by showers of very large red
ants. The denseness and position of the racemes would certainly favour
fertilization by these insects.

Just below the drainage-level of the forest-clad range, a damp area of
some extent, shaded by a secondary unidentified upgrowth, proved a very
good collecting-ground for fungi. In fact, almost the whole total of the
species collected were found on this area, the ‘“‘korang” forest itself being
too dry in character to enconrage this form of growth,

Cultivation.

In the grounds of the Residency, bread-fruit, Avocado pears, pumiloes,
custard-apples, mangoes, Canarium nuts, jambu, limes and lemons, pine-
apples, with small water-melons and hill-rice, have been successfully grown.
Roses were always in flower in the garden, of which the chief interest was a
well-grown young °Araucaria Beccarii about 5 m. high, brought down from
the Angi lakes by Mr. van Oosterzee, who had laid out and planted these
gardens. The old convict gardener who looked after them lost no oppor-
tunity of denouncing the “korang,” which certainly outcrops in most
inopportune places, and the shallow soil. Surrounding the “ Pasangrahan ”
and the quarters of the “ Pradjoerit,” all the usual “sayur” were grown by
the “ Orang ranté” in the well-kept gardens, and also by the Chinese, who all
have their own plots of cultivated ground.

53

Mangrove Association at Langgén.

On the spit of land between the two bays a Papuan “campong” was
built among the mangroves, where *giceras floridum flourished as a round
shrub about 1 m. high, covered with the white flowers and quaint fruit. On
a tree overhanging the sea-water, *Lycopodium phlegmariodes with °Dendro-
bium pseudo-calceolum in flower and various Dischidia spp. abounded.
*Pandanus polycephalus with small red fruit bunched at the apex of the
peduncle, common through the Moluccas, with *Hxewearia Agallocha and
the climbers * Vristellateia australasica, a mass of yellow flowers, * Derris uligi-
nosa and °Sarcolobus retusus, marked the land-edge of the mangrove-spit ;
while °Freycinetia Beccarii, °Erythrospermum candida, the yellow-flowered
*Durandea parvifolia, a Gardenia sp., with *Pollia sorzogonensis as under-
growth, were found where the ground was more consolidated, and young
colonies of *Pigafetia pilaris were quite abundant towards the shores of the
second bay.

Wousi and Genbela.

Wousi, in earlier times the watering-place for all the boats calling at
Dorei Bay, where the Papuan “ campong,” with a fringe of houses built over
the sea, still stands, is a tiny valley cut out of the “korang” range by the
action of the stream, the range from this point gradually sloping to the level
ground. At the time of my stay Wousi was also the site of the Military
Bivouac, and the base for the work of the Exploration detachments so suc-
cessfully organized from 1907 by the military authorities at Amboina. The
survey having been completed by the successful results of Captain Opper-
man’s Expedition (27, 542-3) the bivouac has now been closed.

In the military cartographical office hung a huge map of Dutch New
Guinea, originally blank, filled in by degrees with tracings of the work
of each Exploration detachment in turn. When I was shown this map
only one blank space remained, viz. the source of the Mamberamo River.
With the successful results of Captain Opperman and Mr. Langeler that
blank space has also disappeared, and with it this admirable era of organized
exploration is closed, the whole of the Dutch possessions in North New
Guinea being now mapped out.

At Wousi, under the shade of the overhanging trees, the ideal and
classical anchorage was reserved for naval and military needs, and all the
ground underneath the beautiful century-old trees behind the beach was
cleared and grass sown, forming a fine green sward, where the quarters of
the military and naval officers were built. Farther up the valley were the
open barracks for the native troops, carefully arranged with intersecting
white paths, beyond which again excellent gardens had been made up the
bu.ks of the stream, where all the vegetables for the needs of the forces were

54

grown, a herd of the beautiful little Bali cattle being also kept for regular
killing ; on these occasions the requirements of the official residents of
Manokoeari were also taken into account.

Genbela.

Beyond Wousi secondary forest with Malay houses at intervals bounded
the beach to Genbela, where fine sands run out to the cape that limits the
bay to the east. In the forest the fungus *Favolus scaber, the lianes
*Entada scandens and °Mucuna Kriitkei were collected. *Peristrophe
jalappejfolia, *Hemigraphis reptans and H. dorensis, with * Geophila reniformis,
formed constant undergrowth. On the edge of the sandy beach *Pandanus
dubius grew in clumps, the young plants unbranched with thin leaves about
3m. long; the old trees about 8 m. high, with many branched crowns and
shorter leaves of much stiffer consistency, bore large round heads of glaucous
mericarps. Behind this beach, on a level stretch of country with intermittent
sago-swamps, the native plantations were mostly situated.

Island of Roon.

We stopped a day at Djendeé, the chief place on the island, of which the
gneiss’ formation carries a mainland type of vegetation. Djendé lies in a
deep sheltered bay, the native houses being all built over the water, like
a miniature Brunei. It is surrounded by hills about 500’ high, which, from
the little seen, seemed to carry a very interesting association of plants.

Along the road bordering the bay, Anthoceros bullato-spongiosus associated
with the minute mosses *Garckea phascoides and * Wilsoniella pellucida and
young plants of *Lycopodium cernuum grew in the shade, while *Schleria
margaritifera and °Otanthera novo-guineensis were found in the open.

On the forest slopes °Cyathea runensis grew as undergrowth, where the
orchid °Vrydagzynea elongata was growing sporadically with Centotheca
lappacea ; *Trichomanes bipunctatum was collected as an epiphyte, also
*Piper Forsteni in flower, with hanging yellow ? spikes, about 4 dm. long.
The forest was in a very dry condition, rather a surprising fact, taking the
heavy rainfall into account (p. 13), also considering it was the rainy
season ; this fact again proves the fallacy of the all-embracing term rain-
forest applied in general to all and sandry tropical forest formations. The
actual rainfall is by no means the dominant factor, as it is the limiting
characters, no matter how small their incidence, which have to be taken into
account; that is to say exposure, soil, and drainage, while should drier

A. Wichmann’s Berichte in Bull. nos, 48, 44 & 46 v/d Maatsch. ter bey. van het Natuurk,
Onderzoek d. Nederl. Kolon. (N. Guinea Exped. 1903, Bull. nos. 3, 4 & 6). 80, Leiden.

55

conditions obtain for only one week, that week will limit the conditions of
the forest formation,

In N. New Guinea as in Brit. N. Borneo I saw no forest that answered
to the description of rain-forest.!

Humboldt Bay.

This bay forms a most beautiful inlet, broken in outline, surrounded by
mountains and protected by a small island, on which a very picturesque
Papuan pile-village with an imposing “spirit house” is situated. As the
Tidorese never penetrated so far (8, 87) the natives here are still unspoilt in
primitive condition. The Government Station is at the head of the bay, just
behind the beach. Ona marshy spot near the “ campong” * Thoracostachyum
hypolytroides, a sedge with white upper leaves, bracts, and inflorescence, grew
abundantly. On the banks of the river Gigantochloa novo-quineensis was in
flower, as at Manokoeari, also *racena angustifolia. We entered the
“rimbu,” the Contréleur having most kindly found me two Malays who knew
the forest, on the edge of which a handsome Casuarina with a spreading crown,
most distinct in habit, was abundant. Ascending the ridge, clothed in fine
high forest on deep brown soil, we found as undergrowth * Trichomanes
javanicum var. rhomboideum, * Diplazium maximum, with *Selaginella plumosa,
creeping, the palms °Licuala montana with red fruit and * Arenga microcarpa, —
the aroid °Holvuchlamys Beccarii, like a Caladium in habit, and the under-
trees *Pipturus argenteus and Clerodendron Lindawianum var. glabrescens,
the latter with handsome white flowers and black fruit, also the climbing
*Polypodium normale and Calamus humboldtianus.

Over the crest of the ridge, where great mounds of dead leaves testified
to Megapode activity in building their nests, we descended by a stream into
quite a different type of vegetation, one of those sudden changes in
comparatively small areas, which so constantly characterize the mixed
tropical forest.

Along the course of the stream, in which I picked up pure alabaster,
much fancied by the Papuans for nose-ornaments, * Trichomanes humile was
found on rocks with * Vittaria elongata, the hanging fronds to 2 m. in length.
The fungi *Polyporus arcularius and *Hirneola polytricha grew on dead
wood.

As undergrowth the handsome °Pteris torricelliana with fronds 1:50 m
long, and Hypolepis grandifrons on a rhachis about 3 cm. through, bearing
magnificent single deltoid fronds about 5 m. long, the petiole about 3 m.,
and lamina 2 m. long, rising at intervals from an underground rhizome, was

1 L. S. Gibbs, “ A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mt. Kinabalu and
the Highlands of Brit. N, Borneo,” Journ, Linn, Soe., Bot. xlii. (1914) 8,

56

quite distinct from anything in ferns so far familiar. *Angiopteris evecta was
abundant, and Alsophila straminea well represented. Begonia humboldtiana
with mottled leaves and pink flowers grew all along the banks in large
clumps, but it was impossible to find any normal fruit, the capsules being
all swollen through the action of some insect. Ficus conocephalifolia, most
aptly named, with enormous leaves and bearing red receptacles, was a
common tree.

Bosnik, on the Island of Wiak.

On the return to Manokoeari, half a day spent on Bosnik, on ene of the
Schouten Islands, was interesting, it being the first time the steamer had
called there, this new Government station having been built as an alternative
to Mosmer as a point of call. The island is coral-limestone, a high ridge
rising behind Bosnik, and low-lying flats in front of the latter are rapidly
being cleared for the “campong” plantations.

Under the strand trees bordering this area *Cycas circinalis, the ferns
*Dryopteris stenobasis, *Diplazium polypodioides, with *Fleuria ruderalis,
Ophiorrhiza insularis, Piper bipunctatum, and P. bosnicanum, the latter
epiphytic on a tree, were found.

As this was quite a new station, the strand trees were not yet stripped
of their epiphytic treasures, and one splendid example, a veritable garden of
various plants, yielded *Lycopodium phlegmaroides, *Psilotum flaccidum, the
orchids °Hippeophyllum alboviride, Dendrobium inconspicuum and °D. potomo-
philum, °Eria rigida var. papuana, and °Sarcanthus bicornis, all with incon-
spicuous flowers, with the handsome Medinilla rhodorhachis with pink
flowers.

All the streams drain through the “korang” into the sea at the beach
level, so that it is possible to drink fresh water from the salt.

At all the other stopping-places the time was too short to do more than
collect a few plants, or, the islands being entirely under cultivation, possibilities
in collection were limited to the beach.

SYSTEMATIC RESULTS.

Over 330 plants were collected in the Arfak, of which 100 have proved
new to science, with one new natural order and five very distinct new genera.
Of the new species perhaps the most interesting are a Dacrydium, the first
species in fruit to be described from New Guinea, a Libocedrus, a genus new
for Dutch N.W. New Guinea, anda Kentia. A new species each in Trimenia,
Telminthodia, and Backhousia, establish Papuan preponderance in those
genera, while a new species in Patersunia, Centrolepis, and Hibbertia represent
new generic records for New Guinea.

57

The few widely distributed plants included comprise about 30 new
records for New Guinea, of which the most interesting are Xyris pauciflora,
Bulbostylis capillaris var. trifida, Spathoglottis aurea, Polygonum strigosum,
Viola distans, and Hydrocotyle rotundifolia.

Several of Beccari’s Hatam plants have been re-collected, viz. Riedelia
orchioides, Palmeria arfakiana, in a g example, of which the ? is so far de-
scribed, Styphelia trochocarpoides, and Dicrotrichium brevipes. Of Gjellerup’s
plants, as would be expected in working over the same ground, the dupli-
cate examples are more numerous, especially in the orchids, but even in
that order Smith has described 20 new species with four new varieties, and
in Ericacese two Lhododendrons, four Vaceiniums, and one Diplycosia prove
new, with one variety in Stypheliad in Epacridacese.

Collections made subsequently round Manokoeari (Dorei Bay) on some
of the islands along the coast, and at Humboldt Bay, have been separately
enumerated, no two species proving common to both the mountain and coast
flora. About 150 plants are comprised in this list, which includes one new
genus and several new species in ferns, with 27 new species in other genera,
and interesting new records, of which the larger portion is more Malayan in
type. Wide distribution of endemic plants is again a very marked feature.

In working out these collections I must express my thanks to the expert
botanists who have so kindly determined those orders in which they were
interested. To Dr. J. J.Smith of Buitenzorg I am under especial obligation,
not only for undertaking the Orchidacex, Hricaceze, and Epacridace, but
also for many valuable,details concerning work already done in the Arfak,
and in arranging for the services of one of his trained native collectors
who accompanied me to New Guinea. Iam indebted to Dr. Odoardo Beccari
for working out the Palme; Dr. Valeton for the Zingiberacee and
Rubiacez ; and M. Casimir de Candolle and Professor J. Macfarlane for the
Piperacese, Meliaceze, and the Nepenthaceze. In London my thanks are due
to Drs. Stapf and Rendle and the staffs of Kew and the British Museum for
much kind help; and in particular to Professor G. 8. West for the deter-
mination of the Freshwater Algze ; Miss A. Lorrain Smith for the Lichens ;
Dr. A. B. Rendle for Pandanacexe, Cyperacere, and Graminex, and a new
genus in Urticacee ; Dr. O. Stapf for Utriculariacese and valued criticism ;
Messrs. J. Ramsbottom, A. Gepp, LL. Hutchinson, E. G. Baker, H. N. Ridley,
and J. R. Drummond for Fungi, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, Euphor-
biacexe, Melastomaceze, Moraceze, and Solanacez ; and to Mr. 8. Moore for
the Labiate, Acanthacez, and Composite, and his great kindness in revising

the proofs.

The plants may be consulted at the British Museum, Kew, Leiden, and

Buitenzorg, and in my own collection (on loan to the British Museum),
F

ww

19.

20.

21.
22.
23.
24.

25.

26.
27.

58

PRINCIPAL BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR DUTCH N.W. NEW GUINEA.

. Forrest, T.—A Voyage to New Guinea and the Moluccas from Balambangan.

London, 1779. (2nd ed. 1780.)

. Lesson, P.—Voyage autour du Monde sur la Corvette Za Coquille. Paris, 1838.
. Dumont p’Urvinte, J. S. C.—Voyage de l’ Astrolabe, 1826-29. iv. Paris, 1832.
. De Bruin Kops, G. F.—Bijdrage tot de kennis der Noord- en Oostkusten van

Nieuw-Guinea. Natk. Tijdschr. Niederl. Indié, Deel i. (1850) 163-222.

. Wattacr, A. R.—Malay Archipelago. London, 1869.
. ——. Notes on a Voyage to New Guinea. Journ. R. Geogr. Soc. xxx. (1860)

LIZ 77;
Tsland Life. London, 1880.

. Gors, H. D. A. vay DER.—Nieuw Guinea, ethnographisch et natuurkundig onder-

zocht in 1858. Bijdr. t. de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, (2) v. (1862) 72.

. D’Avsertis, L. M.—Una mesa fra i Papuanidel Monte Arfak. Boll. Soc. Geog.

Ital. x. 2 (1873) 67-71.

. RoseENBERG, H. von.—Reistochten naar de Geelvinkbai. ’s Gravenhage, 1875.
- Beccart, O.-Esplorazione dei Monte Arfak. Boll. Soc. Geog. Ital. i. (1876)

35-38.
Malesia: i., ii., ii. 1877-1890.

. ScHEFFER, R. H.—Plantes de la Nouvelle Guinée. Ann. Jard. Buit. i. (1876)

1-60.

. Teysmann, M. J. E—Voyage & la Nouvelle Guinée. Loe. cit. 61-95.
. Sr. Vraz, E.—Reise nach Neu-Guinea. Petermann’s Mitth. xliv. (1898)

232-35.

. Warsure, O.—Monsunia, Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Vegetation des Siid- und

Ostasiatischen Monsungevietes. i. Leipzig, 1900. .

. Oosrerzer, L. A. van.—Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen. (2) xxi. (1904)

998-1021.

. Vareron, Tu.—Plante Papuane. Bull. Soe. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. x.

(1907) 1-70.

HartMann, A.—Repertorium op de Literatuur betreffende de Nederlandsche
Kolonién. 1866-1893. 1894-1905. 1906-10. Published by Martinius
Nijhoff. j

Getper, J. K. van.—Verslag omtrennt eene geologische verkenning van de
Mamberamo-rivier op Nieuw-Guinea. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Ind. Bat.
xxxix. (1910) 87-112.

Wicumann, C. E. A.—Nova Guinea. History, i.—ii. (1909-12).

Nova Gury, Botany, viii. (1907-13), (1913-15) ; xii. (1913-15).

ScuLECHTER, R.—Die Orchidaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. (1911-1914.)

Braak, C.—Het Klimaat van Nieuw-Guinea. Natk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indié,
Deel Ixxiii. (1914) 179-266, with Map.

Smrru, J. J—De Exploratie van Nieuw-Guinea, in Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr.
Gen. (2) xxx. (1913) 77-8.

Jbid. xxxi. (1914) 782.

——. Ibid. xxxii. (1915) 542-3.

[References to papers not referring to Dutch N.W. New Guinea
are given in the text.]

Puate I,

Puate II.

Puate ITI.

Puate LV.

Pn Ore Fie 6 5
DUTCH N.W. NEW GUINEA

4
hy Sms Sane, cimorrplaw fl Pha, Aetfon LS. Ginss
Parga = i

Sis 19% 14 fn

Sa

P. Highley, photo.

THYSANOSORIA DIMORPHOPHYLLA, Gepp.

59

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED AT THE
ANGI LAKES, 7000-9000’, IN THE ARFAK MOUNTAINS, IN
DUTCH N.W. NEW GUINEA, IN DECEMBER 1913.

[ An asterisk denotes new records for New Guinea. Collectors’ names and
localities are given for Dutch New Guinea only. |

THALLOPHYTA.
FRESHWATER ALGE. (G.S. Wust.)

The geographical distribution has not been included, since all the species

- observed are ubiquitous except Closterium Bacillum Joshua, known only

from Burma. The reason for this general ubiquity is the altitude,
few of the tropical types ascending to 7000’.

MYxOPHYCES.
CHroococcus MINOR Niig. Gatt. einzell. Alg. 1849, 47, t. 1a, f. 4; Rabenh.
Flor. Europ. Alg. ii. 30. :
No. 5971.
(igRoococcus tuRGIDUS Nig. Gatt. einzell. Alg. 1849, 46; Rabenh. Flor.
Europ. Alg. ii. 32.
No. 5971.
Merismopepia GLAuCA (Ehrenb.) Nig. Gatt. einzell. Alg. 1849, 55, t. 1D,
ie oe
No. 5971.
-OSCILLATORIA AMPHIBIA Ag. in Flora, x. 1827, 632.
No. 5971.
OscILLATORIA ANGusTissima W. & G. S. West in Journ. Bot. 1897, 300.
No. 5723.
OscrtLaToria Limosa Ag. Dispos. Algar. Suec. 1812, 35.
No. 5723.
OscrnLAToRIA TENUIS Ag. Algarum Decades, ii, 1813, 25.
No. 5723.
OSCILLATORIA TEREBRIFORMIS Ag. in Flora, x. 1827, 634.
No. 5975. -
Lynepya veRsIcoLoR (Wartm.) Gom. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 7° série, Bot. xvi.
1892, 147, t. 4, £. 4-8.
No. 5971.

60

STIGUNEMA OCELLATUM Thuret, Essai de classification des Nostochinées, Ann.
Sci. Nat. 6° série, Bot. i. 1875, 380.
No. 5971.

ScyToNeMA MIRABILE (Dillw.) Thuret. [=S. figuratum Ag. Syst. Algar.
1824, 38.]
No. 5971.

BaACILLARIES.

Fragitaria parasitica (W. Sm.) Grun. Van Heurck, Synops. Diat. Belg.
1885, t. 45, £. 30. Odontidium parasiticum W. Sm.
No. 5978. Kpiphytic on Surirella robusta var. splendida.

Kunotia picapiraTa Grun. Van Heurck, 1. c. 1885, t. 35, £. 11.
No. 5971.

EuNoTIA LUNARIS (Ehrenb.) Grun. in Van Heurck, 1. c. 1885, 144, t. 35
f. 3, 4, et 6.
No. 5971.

Evnoria roposta Ralfs. Van Heurck, 1. e. 1885, 144, +, 33, £..11-13,

No, 5971. Both forms originally described by Ehrenberg as E. octodon
and E. polyodon were plentiful.

?

NAVICULA APPENDICULATA Kiitz. Bacill. 1844, 93, 1,.3, £.:28.
Nos. 5723 and 5971.

NavicuLa BicapiTata Lagerstedt, Spitsberg. Diat. 1873, 23, t..1, £. 5.
No. 5971.

NavicuLa exiuis Kiitz. Bacill. 1844. Van Heurck, 1. c. 101,t. 12,
r. 11-22.
No. 5723.

NavicuLa MAJor Kiitz. Bacill. 1844, or, G4, £18,
No. 5971.

Navicua parva (Greg.). WV. gibba var. brevistriata Van Heurck, We. 78,
t. 6, £. 5.

No. 5971.

NAVICULA Virtpis Kiitz. Bacill. 1844, 97, t. 4, f. 18.
No. 5971.

CoccoNEMA Lave (Niig.) G. S. West in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxxviii.

1907, 159. Ce levis Nig. in Kiitz. Spec. Alg. 1849, 59.
No. 5971.

NITZSCHIA COMMUNIS Rabenh. Alg. no. 949; Flora Europ. Alg. i. 1864,
159. Van Heurck, 1. c. 184, t. 69, £. 39.
No. 5723.

61.

Nrrzscata constriora (Kiitz.) Pritch. Infus. 1861, 780. N. dubia W. Sm.
Brit. Diatom. i. 1853, 41, t. 13, f. 112.
No. 5978.

Nirzscuta Patxa (Kiitz.) W. Sm. Brit. Diatom. ii. 1856, 89. Synedra
Palea Kiitz. Bacill, 1844, t. 3, £27; t. 4, £. 2.
No. 5978.

NirzscHIa FRusTULUM (Kiitz.) Grun., var. PERMINUTA (Grun.). Van Heurck,
lc. t. 69, 4,
No. 5723.

Hanrzscata Awparoxys (Ehrenb.) Grun, in Kongl. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl,
Xvli. no. 2, 1880, 103.
No. 5723.

SURIRELLA RoBusTA Ehrenb. in Ber. Akad. Berlin, 1840, 215. S. nobilis
W. Sm. Brit. Diatom. i. 1853, 32, t. 7, f. 63.
Var. SPLENDIDA (Ehrenb.) Van Heurck, ]. c. 185, t. 72, f. 4.
No. 5978.
All the specimens were covered with the small epiphyte Fragilaria
parasitica (W. Sm.) Grun.

CHLOROPHYCEA.

SCENEDESMUS ACUTIFORMIS Schréder in Forschungsb. Biol. Stat. Plén, v.
L897, 17; 42:8, & 2,

No. 5971.
Uorurix suptinis Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. 1845, 197; Tab. Phyc. ii. 1852,
b&b E
No. 5971.

Miorospora PACHYDERMA (Wille) Lagerh. Conferva pachyderma Wille in
Ofvers. af K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1881, no. 8, 20, t. 1, f. 28-35.

No. 5971.
Sprroeyra sp. (sterile).

No. 5978. This species was undeterminable, but may possibly be one of
the forms of Sp. decimina (Miill.) Kiitz.

Nerrium os.oneum (De Bary) Liitkem. in Cohn’s Beitriige zur Biol. der
Pflanz. viii. 1902, 407.
Var. cytinpricum W. & G. S. West in Journ. Bot. 1903, 8 (sep.),
t. 446, £. 10.

No, 5971. .

62

PENIUM sp.
No. 5971.
Several specimens were observed of a small Penium, but they were not in

good condition for identification. It is possible that it is a form of P. phy-
matosporum Nordst.

CLostertum BacrtLum Joshua in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxi, 1885, 652,
f.4-6.
Long. 224 w; lat. 34 p.
No. 5971.
Known previously only from Burma.

-MICRASTERIAS. DECEMDENTATA (Niag.) Archer in Pritch. Infus. 1861,
726.
Long. 68 pw ; lat. 68 w; lat. isthm. 15 w; crass. 24 w.
No. 5971.

Cosmartum Lave Rabenh. Flor. Europ. Alg. iii. 1868, 161; G. S. West
in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xxvii. 1899, 386, t. 10, £. 1-6.
No. 5971.

CosMARiuM PSEUDOPYRAMIDATUM Lund in Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsala,
ser. 3, vill. 1871, 41, t. 2, f. 18.
No. 5971.

CosMARIUM PUNCTULATUM Bréb. W.& G.S. West, Brit. Desm. ili. 1908,
206, t. 84, £. 13, 14; t. 102,.f. 22.
No. 5971.

HyYALOTHECA DISsILIENS (Sm.) Bréb. in Ralfs’ sci Desm. 1848, 51, t. 1,
fds
No. 5971,

LICHENES. (A. Lorrain Smita.)

*CLaponia cocorrEerRA (L.) Willd. Fl. Berol. 1787, 361.

Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, growing thickly on burnt open summit, 9000’.
Dec. 5598.

Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

*CLapoNnia Dipyma (Fée) Wain., var. MUSCIGENA Wain., Monogr. Clad. i.
1887, 141.

Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, 9000’, growing thickly on burnt open summit.
Dec. 5720.

: Distrib. New Caledonia ; West Indies; Central America ; Brazil ; Chile ;
Peru.

63

*CLADONIA VERTICILLATA (Floerk.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. Spic. 1831, 31.
Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, 9000’, carpeting on burnt open summit.
Dec. 5739.
Distrib. Cosmopolitan.

STroTA VARIABILIS Achar. Lichenogr. 445. Schum. & Laut. N. 30.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest by ? lake, 7000’. Dee.
5905.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea. Polynesia to E. Africa.

FUNGI. (J. Ramsporrom.)

PYRENOMYCETES.
HypocrkEACE&.

Popocrea Cornu-Dam& (Pat.) Lind. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturfam. i. 365
(1897).

Lower foot-hills, Arfak Mts., 500’, terrestrial in forest. Jan. 5703.

This species was described from China by Patouillard, who placed it in
the genus Hypocrea. ‘The stromata of typical species of this genus are
crustaceous, cushion-shaped or hemispherical, and those sj ecies which have
an elongated or vertical stroma are better separated off as a distinct genus.
Saccardo placed them in the subgenus Podoerea, which Lindau afterwards
(l. c.) raised to generic rank. Atkinson (Bot. Gaz. x]. 401 (1905) ) showed
that the generic name Podophyllum had meanwhile been proposed by Karsten
(Hedw. xxxi. 294 (1892)) and therefore had priority. As Podophyllum was
a name used by Linneus (1735 and Sp. Pl. i. 723 (1753)) for a genus of
Berberidacez it cannot be duplicated amongst the fungi, and Podocrea must
stand.

XYLARIACEZ.

XyYLARIA POLYMORPHA (Pers.) Grev. Flor. Edin. 355 (1824).

On dead trunk in forest. Lower foot-hills by Momi River, Arfak Mts.
500’. Dee. 6151.

Distrib. World-wide.

XyLarra DomincEnsis (Berk.) Sace. Syll. i. 315 (1882).
On dead wood in forest, foot-hills by Momi River, Arfak Mts., 500’.
6136. :

Distrib. West Indies, etc.

b4

BASTDIOMYCETES.
AGARICACES.

OMPHALIA ARFAKENSIS Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Tota alba. Pileo carnuloso, ex umbilicato infundibuliforme, margine primum
inflexo, crenato, 1-2 cm. lato; stipite fistuloso, 1 em. longo, 2 mm. crasso; lamellis
decurrentibus, valde distantibus, postice latissimis (hine triangulis), interdum
dichotomis, venoso-connexis; sporis suballantoideis, 3-guttulatis, 6-7 pu x 38-4 p;
basidiis c. 25 wp x5 p.

Cespitosa ad lignum putridum. .

Hab. In forest, foot-hills by Momi River, Arfak Mts., 500’. Dec. 6148.

XEROTUS CINNAMOMEUS Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Mesopus ; cinnamomeus, coriaceus; pileo convexo, centro papillato, c. 2 cm.
diam., ad centrum plicato sulcate, margine acuto, integro; stipite subfistuloso,
deorsum cylindrico, sursum compresso sulcato, basi strigoso; lamellis parcis (c. 10),
valde distantibus, non decurrentibus, latis, intermixtis brevioribus, interdum vene-
formibus ; sporis ellipsoideis, subgranulosis, 6-7 p x 4-5 yx; basidiis ¢. 50 p x8 p.

Ad lignum putridum.

The radiating depressions on the upper surtace of the pileus mark the
position of the gills below. A transverse section of the stipes shows a pseudo-
sclerenchymatous tissue, which greatly simulates the sclerenchyma seen in
Gramineze and certain other glumiferous Monocotyledons.

Hab. In forest, lower foot-hills by Momi River, Arfak Mts., 500’. Dec.
6150.

POLYPORACESA.

HexaGona Aptaria (Pers.) Fr. Kpicr. Syst. Mye. 497 (1858).
Foot-hills by Momi River, Arfak Mts., plentifui, 400’. Dee. 6149.
Iistrib New Guinea. India, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, ete.

Fungi Imperfecti.

SPHE ROPSIDEA.

LEPTOTHYRELLA SERICOLEH Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Pycnidiis amphigenis, sparsis, dimidiato scutellatis, radiato-cellulosis, atris
ce. 500 » diam., zona purpurascenti cinctis, sporis fusoideo-ellipsoideis vel clavulatis,
rectis vel curvulis, hyalinis, multiguttulatis, continuis, dein medio uniseptatis, non
constrictis, 25-35 p x 4-5 p.

In foliis Sericolee.

On Sericolea arfakensis Gibbs (p. 147).

65

BRYOPHYTA. (A. Gepp.)

The number of species brought home is but small, and obviously fails
to represent adequately the richness of the moss-flora in the districts visited.
Attention was exclusively directed to the collection of fruiting plants.

HEPATIC.

*RiccarpDIA MAXIMA Schiffn. Hepat. Flor. von Buitenzorg, i. 57 (1900).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 2 lake, on dead wood in forest,
7000’. Dec. 5680.

Distrib. Java ; Sumatra.

“MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA Linn. Spec. Plant. ed. i, 1603 (1753).

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on open gravel-bank by ? lake, 7000’. Dee.
5906.

D%strib. Cosmopolitan.

MUSCI.

SPHAGNUM JUNGHUHNIANUM Doz. et Molk. Bryologia Javanica, i. 27, tab. 18
(1855).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Dec. 5967.
Distrib. New Guinea. Malay Islands; Formosa ; Japan ; India.

SPHAGNUM NOVO-GUINEENSE Fleisch. et Warnst. in Engler, Pflanzenreich,
Heft 51, Sphagnales, p. 520 (1911); Nova Guinea, xii. (1914) 127,
t. XXXIV. B.
Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial in moss-grown
forest, 8000'. Dec. 6006.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8S.W., Goliath-Gebirge, de Kock).

*FUNARIA CALVESCENS Schwaegr. Spec. Muscorum, Suppl. i. sect. 2, 77,
tab. 65 (1816).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on ground amongst bracken, where burnt, on
bank of 2 lake, 7000’. Dec. 5938.
Distrib. Warmer regions of the world.

*RHODOBRYUM GIGANTEUM Paris, Index Bryolog. 1116 (1898).

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant on ground in isolated forest patch by
9 lake, 7000’. Dec. 5892. ‘* Very handsome moss.”

Distrib. Malay Islands ; India ; Bourbon ; Hawaii.

66

RxIz0GoNIUM SPINIFORME Bruch in Flora, 1846, 134.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on living tree in isolated forest patch by ¢ lake,
7000’. Dee. 5979.—Also, on dead wood in same forest patch, 7000’. Dee.
5894.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Throughout the tropics.

Dawsonia GIGANTEA ©. Miill. ex Geheeb in Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 44,
13 (1898).

Arfak Mts., abundant in moss-grown forest of ridge running up to Angi
lakes, in mossy forest sloping down to 9 lake and in the open by same,
7000-8500’. Dec. 5523.—Angi lakes on open banks by edge of 9 lake and
in forest, 7000’. Dee. 5935.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari; D.S.W., Went-
Gebirge, von Roemer; Hubrecht-Gebirge, van Nouhuys ; Siriwo-Fluss,
Janowsky) .

DawsoniA Beccaru Brotherus et Geheeb in Bibliotheca Botanica, Hett 44,
13 (1898).

Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, steep open slopes of gravel,
8000’. Dee. ¢ & 2 together. 5521.—Ridge running up to Angi lakes
in open gravelly spaces, 8500’. Dec. 6005.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari).

RHACOPILUM SPECTABILE Reinw. et Hornsch. in Nov. Act. Acad. Cas. Leop.
xiv. 721, tab. 40 (1828).

Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, in forest, 8000’. Dec.
6121, 6122.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari; D.S.W., Went-
Gebirge, von Roemer ; N.E.). Malay Islands to Fiji and New Caledonia.

SPIRIDENS REINWARDTI Nees ab Hs. in Nov. Act. Acad. Cas. Leop. xi. 143,
tab. 17 (1823).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in isolated forest patch by ? lake, 7000’. Dee.
5591.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari; S.E., Armit,
MacGregor, Micholitz ; N.E.). Malay Islands.

ENDOTRICHELLA ARFAKIANA C. Miill. ex Geheeb in Bibliotheca Botanica,
Heft 44, 16, tab, 14 (1898).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, with Rhizogonium spinifurme on living tree
in isolated forest patch by ¢ lake, 7000’. Dec. 5979 pro parte.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari).
TAXITHELIUM suBsTIGMosUM Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. i. Abt. 3,
1092 (1908).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, small forest by 2 lake, on dead wood, 7000’.
Dec. 5965.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., MacCluer Bay, Naumann ; N.E.).

67

EcrRoPOTHECIUM ARFAKENSE Broth. et Geheeb in Bibliotheca Botanica,
Heft 44, 24 (1898).
Arfak Mts., Angi Jakes, on dead wood, in isolated love patch by
? lake, 7000’. Dee. 5904.
Distrib, New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Arfak, Beccari).

HYPNODENDRON DIVERSIFOLIUM Broth. et Geheeb in Ofvers. Finsk. Vet. Soc.
Forh. xl. 191 (1898).
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by ? lake, carpeting in forest, 7000’,
Dec. 5667.
Distrib. New Guinea (8.E., Mt. Dayman, Armit).

PTERIDOPHYTA. (A. Gepr.)

FILICALES.

The references to the descriptions of the following ferns are to be found
n Christensen’s ‘ Index Filicum,’ 1905-13.

*TRICHOMANES DIGITATUM Sw.

Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge running up to Angi lakes, 9000’, epiphytic in
moss-grown forest. Dec. 6000.

Distrib. Malay Islands to the Mascarenes and New South Wales.

*TRICHOMANES PALMATIFIDUM K, Miill.

Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000’, we am in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 5520.

Distrib. Java.

TRICHOMANES PALLIDUM Bl.
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 8000-9000’, epiphytic in forest. Dec, 5728.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccart ; D.S.W.5 Hellwig-
Gebirge, von Roemer; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; S.E.). Trop. Asia. Polynesia.

TRICHOMANES APHLEBIOIDES Christ.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest by ? lake, 5947;
forest patch by ? lake, epiphytic, 6137. Dee. ©

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., R. Begowri, Gjellerup ; D.S.W., Noord

Rivier, Versteeg).

TRICHOMANES. MEIFOLIUM Bory.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by ? lake. Dec.

5678.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; D.S.W., Mt.

Carstensz, Kloss). Malay Islands to Polynesia and Réunion.

68

HyMENOPHYLLUM AUSTRALE Willd.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by ¢ lake.
Dec. 5893.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccart; N.E.).. India.

Malay Islands. Australasia.

*HYMENOPHYLLUM PANICULIFLORUM Presl.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes,.7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by ? lake.
Dec. 6141.

Distrib. Malay Islands and Japan.

*HYMENOPHYLLUM SALAKENSE Racib.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by ¢ lake.
Dee. 6138.

Thstrib. Java.

*HyMeNopuyLium Kura Prantl.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by @ lake.
Dee. 5679.

Distrib. Java.
Hymrnorayiium (LEeprociontuM) CERNUUM Gepp, sp. nov.

Rhizoma Jonge repens pilosum; stipites remoti erecti pilosi obsolete alati, ad
10 em. longi, 1 mm. crassi. rons 20-22°5 em. longa, 5-7°5 em. lata, lanceolata,
rhachi omnino sed anguste alata pilosa; pinnis alternis 20-jugatis contiguis ovato-
lanceolatis pinnatifidis, costa alata pilosa ; pinnulis 1-2-dichotome lobatis ; segmentis
ultimis planis serrulatis 2mm. long., 0°5 mm. lat., costula anguste et dentate cristata.
Sori in lobis brevibus pinnarum superiorum terminales, 1-8. Indusium vix ad
medium divisum, valvis rotundatis + integris, basi obovatum, longitudinaliter
eristatum. Receptaculum exsertum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, terrestrial in spinneys by @ lake.
Dec. 5964,

The tall narrowed frond is in general habit somewhat like H. Zol-
lingerianum as figured by Van den Bosch (Hymen. Javan. t. 50), and bears
about 20 pinnew on each side. In the dried specimens the frond-apex is
cernuous and the pinne complicato-decurved. The narrowly winged stipes
and rhachis, the flat serrulate ultimate segments, the narrowly dentato-cristate
custules, and the hairiness of stipes, rhachis, coste, and costules are characters
to be noted.

HyYMENOPHYLLUM (LEPTOCIONIUM) CINCINNATUM Gepp, sp. nov.

Rhizoma longe repens pilosum; stipites remoti erecti pilosi obsolete alati,
3-5 cm. longi, 0°5 mm. erassi. Frons cire. 5 em. longa, 2 cm. lata, lanceolata,
rhachi alata pilosa; pinnis alternis 10-12-jugatis contiguis (cire. 1 em. longis,
0'5 cm. latis) pinnatifidis; pinnulis 1-2-dichotome lobatis ; segmentis ultimis planis

69

paucidentatis, 2-8 mm. longis, 0°5 em. latis. Sori solitarii in lobis brevibus pin-
narum terminales. Jndusiwm ad medium divisum, valvis obtusis truncatisve integris,
basi obovatum, parce longitudinaliter cristatum. Receptaculum exsertum.

Hab. Arfak Mts.,8.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8500’, epiphytic in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 5989.

This species has sori much as in H. cernuum (No. 5964), but is not one-
quarter the size, and is not cristate on the costules of the segments. It
approaches /7. holochilum Van den Bosch (Hymen. Javan. t. 34), but has a
stouter, more hairy rhizome and stipes (the latter winged throughout its
length), and much narrower ultimate segments. The dried plants are very
convolute.

CYATHEA ARFAKENSIS Gepp, sp. nov.

Stipes circ. 18 cm. longus muricatus inferne fuscus superne griseo-purpurascens ;
rhachis purpurea haud nitens supra ferrugineo-pubescens glande juxta cujusque pinne
basin instructa. -Frons lineari-lanceolata, circa 80 em. longa, 13 em. lata, bipinnata ;
pinne alterne 35-jugatie stipitate lanceolate, 8 em. long, 2 cm. late, obtuse,
pinnulis 15-20-jugatis, stipitatis 1 cm. longis, 0-4 em. latis, imbricatis oblongis
obtusis, inferioribus paucipinnatis (segmentis rotundatis), superioribus lobatis vel
crenatis vel integris (versus apicem); rhachibus pinnarum supra pubescentibus, infra
squamulis albidis sparse instructis. Sori costales 4—5-jugati; venule pinnularum
5-6 parum conspicue simplices furcateve. Textura coriacea; frons supra griseo-
purpurea, infra pallide brunnea. Indusiwm persistens hemisphericum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000’, undergrowth in moss-
grown forest. Dec. 6008. ‘‘ Tree-fern.”

The pinnz are not contiguous, but are attached to the rhachis at intervals
of about 3cm. In the dried specimen the shortly-stalked opposite rows of
pinnule are appressed to one another and directed upwards (apically),
displaying the sori and concealing the upper surface.

CyatHea rusca Baker.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, undergrowth in forest by ? lake. Dec.
5932. ‘“Tree-fern, 3 m. in height (pinnz).”

Distrib. New Guinea (S.E.).

ALSOPHILA ANGIENSIS Gepp, sp. nov.

Stipes (?). rons tripinnatifida ; rhachis purpureo-fusca sparse aculeata impolita
sparse et breviter atro-hispida; pinna brevi-stipitata, + 37 cm. longa, 19 em. lata,
oblongo-lanceolata ; rhachis pinne supra atro-tomentosa purpureo-fusca, infra sulcata
furfuraceo-squamulata ; pinnule subopposite + 30-jugate contigue imbricateve
sessiles + horizontales lineari-lanceolate acuminate + 1°5 cm. late, fere ad costam
pinnatisectz ; costa pinnule supra fulvo-tomentosa, infra sulcata furfuraceo-squamu-
lata; segmenta + 26-jugata lineari-oblonga faleatula integra + 3 mm. lata, supra
fusco-purpurea glabra, infra glauca; costula segmenti supra glabrum, infra pauci-
pilosa et squamulis flavidis fimbriatis versus basin + vestita ; venule ineonspicue
tenues + 14-jugate, 1-2-furcatz, pauci-pilose. Sori (?). Textura coriacea.

70

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, spinney by ? lake, undergrowth in
forest. Dec. 5968. ‘'Tree-fern, 3m. in height, brown palew on young
stem and fronds. Brown and with thorns on old.”

This plant is represented by two pinne which are entirely sterile. It is
tentatively referred to Alsophila. In some respects it recalls A. glauca, but
differs in having the pinnules crowded together and imbricated, and the
rhachises dull and unpolished. The pinnules are inserted on the pinna-
rhachis at intervals of about 1:25 cm. and overlap; the middle pinnules are
horizontal, the lower are deflexed.

ALSOPHILA ARFAKENSIS Gepp, sp. nov.

Stipes (?). rons tripinnatifida, pinnis remotis alternis stipitatis. Rhachis
(versus apicem) pallida, supra breviter tomentosa, infra glabra ruguloso-aspera ;
rhachis pinnule similis est. Pinne infime + 28 em. longe, 9-10 cm. late, lineari-
lanceolate breviter acuminate ad apicem pinnatifide. Pinuule + 12-jugate remote
alternz Kesdane usque ad 5 cm. longe, + 1 cm. late, lineari-lanceolate obtuse
acuminate, ad ¢ pinnatifide ; costa pinnulee supra tomentosula, sed versus apicem
glabra, infra iaiiions squamulis paucis lanceolatis rubris ornata ; segmenta + 12-
jugata (apice excluso), + 3°5 mm. lata, oblonga obtusissima crenata margine
recurvata; costula segmenti supra glabra, infra squamulata; venule + 5-jugate
fureatee simplicesve. Sori 4—5-jugati prope costam dispositi, segmenti latitudinem
haud obtegentes. Textura coriacea.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 7000-8500’, common under-
growth in moss-grown forest. Dec. 5990. Also common about ? lake,
in forest. ‘Slender tree-fern, stem 1 dm. in diameter and 1 m. in height.
Fronds 1 m. long.”

The material consists of the two lowest pinnz and the top 37 em. of a
frond. A small dark gland is present at the base of the stalks of the
pinnules.

*Drvopreris (Lastrea) Beppomer O. Kuntze.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, common in open marsh by ? lake. Dec.
5939. “ Craping rhizome.”

Distrib. Philippine Islands ; Ceylon ; South India ; South China.

Dryopreris (LasrreA) VILLOSIPES Gepp, sp. nov.

Rhizoma erectum squamulis lineari-lanceolatis ferrugineis dentatis vel subintegris
vestitum. Stipites + 12-5 cm. longi, c. 1 mm. crassi, atro-purpurei, inferne squamulis
angustis capillaribus c. 1 mm. longis ferrugineis vestiti, superne breviter et sparse
pubescentes et squamulis paucis lineari-lanceolatis ornati (ut etiam rhachis). Fons
lanceolata + 10 em. longa, 3 em. lata; pinne subcontigue alterne plerumque
_brevi-stipitate, versus frondis apicem sessiles, elliptico-lanceolate + 30-jugate,

+ horizontales, inferne 1°3-1-7 cm. long, 0-4—0°5 em. late, fere ad % pinnatifide,
ad apices crenate vel subintegre obtuse; segmenta 6-8-jugata approximata sub-
falcata obtusa, segmento infimo superiori oblongo quam reliquis majori interdum

71

libero; venule segmenti paucw pinnate disposite inconspicum. Sori singuli
plerumque ad media segmenta, prope pinne costam dispositi, indusio persistente.
Textura coriacea ; lamina superne fusca, inferne griseo-viridis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 7000-8000’, epiphytic in forest. Dee.
5627.

The lower pinnules are slightly deflexed, and the lowest pair are a trifle
shorter than the pair above them. The plant differs in every respect from
D. viscosa.

POLYBOTRYA ARFAKENSIS Gepp, sp. nov.

Stipes paleis linearibus brunneis + deciduis 0°5 cm. longis vestitus et earum
cicatricibus muricatus, 15 cm. longus, atro-purpureus. rons circa 1 m. longa,
40 cm. lata, bipinnata obovato-lanceolata ; rhachis atro-purpurea + paleacea muricata
(velut stipes) ad apicem haud evoluta, superne breviter ferrugineo-tomentosa, inferne
parum furfuracea, pinnas circa 9 alternas remotas dimorphas (inferiores 6 fertiles,
superiores 3 steriles) gerens; pinne brevi-stipitate ad apicem abrupte (haud
evolutz), steriles circa 30 cm. longer, 13 cm. late, lanceolate, fertiles circa 25 cm.
long, 7°5 cm. late; rhachis pinne superne ferrugineo-tomentosa ; pinnule alterne
circa 12-jugate stipitate; pinnule steriles 6°5 cm. longe, 1°2 cm. latex, oblongo-
lanceolatz acuminate apice serrato, usque ad 4 pinnatifide, lobis (fere 20-jugatis)
rotundatis crenulatis, venulis in lobis pinnate dispositis c. 3-jugatis; pinnule fertiles
+ 3°5 cm. longe, 4-8 mm. late, lineares usque ad costam pinnatisectw, lobis parvis
oblongis sessilibus propter soros copiosos omnino obtectis. Textwra subcoriacea.
Lamina superne purpureo-brunnea, inferne pallidior glabra.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 7000’, climbing in forest,
clasping trunk to top. Dec. 5984. “Fronds 1 m. long, sterile like barren
portion of fertile frond ; fertile frond distinct.”

This fern is remarkable for its dimorphous fronds and pinne and for the
arrested growth of its frond-apices. The material consists of one frond,
the six lower pinne of which are fertile, and the three upper are sterile.
The apex of the main rhachis has failed to attain its full development, as also
have the apices of the secondary rhachises (pinnz both fertile and sterile).
Hence, the proper apices are absent. Whether the apical growth has been
temporarily interrupted or permanently arrested, and whether the arrest of
growth is due to injury or is of normal occurrence in the life-history of the
plant is uncertain. The lower pinne are shorter than the others. The
sterile pinnules are inserted at intervals of about 2 em., the fertile at about
15cm. The fertile pinnules recall those of Osmunda javaniva in shape, but
not in arrangement. Dimorphism of frond and pinne occurs in the tropical
American P. osmundacea.

P. arfakensis climbs by means of its rhizome and puts out its fronds at
right angles to the axis of the tree up which it climbs,

_ ©

72

Dirreris conJuGata Reinw.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, growing on bank by edge of ? lake, in
open. Dec. 5913. “Also abundant on open steep gravel slopes on S.W.
ridge, running up to lakes from 8000-8500'.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Andai, Beccari; D.S.W.,
Noord Rivier, Versteeg: submontane region, von Roemer: Mt. Carstensz,

Kloss; 8.B.). Asia. Polynesia.

OLEANDRA CUSPIDATA Baker.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, common on edge of forest patch by
9 lake, growing in clumps. Dec. 5559. “Up to 2 m. in height, leaves
in interrupted whorls up the stem Also seen on 8.W. ridge.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beceari; D.S.W., Noord Rivier,
Versteeg ; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

NEPHROLEPIS ACUMINATA Kuhn.
Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 7000’, climbing in forest. Dec.
6123. ‘Fronds with apical fertile portion or with entire fertile fronds.”
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Malay Islands.
Perak.

HuMATA PUSILLA Carr.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest, spinneys by ? lake.
Dec. 5960.

Distrib, New Guinea (N.E.). Melanesia.

Houmata neoauinensis C. Chr.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest or creeping on edge.
Dec. 5588. “Sterile and fertile frond.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Hellwig-Gebirge, von Roemer).

HumaATA ALPINA Moore.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by .¢ lake.
Dec. 5674.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Low country and Hellwig-Gebirge,
von Roemer; N.E.). Malay Islands. Polynesia.

* DAVALLIA DISSECTA J. Sm.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by 9 lake.
Dec. 5592.

Distrib. Java ; Sumatra.

Dava.ia (ProsaptiA) ScuLecuterti ©, Chr.

Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 8000-9000’, epiphytic in forest slopes. Dec.
5634, 5640, 5625.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss ; N.E.).

73

DAvVALLIA (PROsAPTIA) ConTIGvA Spr.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in isolated forest patch by ¢
lake. Dec. 5895.

Distrib. New .Guinea (D.S.W., Noord Rivier, Versteey: Mt. Carstensz,
Kloss; N.E.). Malay Islands. Polynesia.

LINDSAYA HYMENOPHYLLOIDES Bl,

Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000', epiphytic in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 6120.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Malay Islands. Polynesia.

LINDSAYA RIGIDA J, Sm.

Arfuk Mts., Koebré Mt., epiphytic and terrestrial in forest slopes, 7500-
8500’. Dee. 5626.

Distrib, New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Malay
Islands. Perak.

ASPLENIUM AcuTIUscULUM Bl.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest patch by 9 lake.

Dec. 5730.
Distrib. New Guinea [sec. V. Ald. v. Rosenb.]. Malay Islands. Samoa.

ASPLENIUM (DAREA) SCANDENS J. Sm.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in high forest near “‘ Campong,” 7000!.

Dec. 5642.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Beccari; N.E.;8.E.). Philippine

Islands. Fiji.

SrENOCHLANA SORBIFOLIA J. Sm.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, massed on edge of forest by 2 lake. Dec.

5590. ‘Sterile and fertile fronds.”
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beecari ; D.S.W., Noord Rivier,

Versteeg ; coastal lowlands, von Roemer; N.E.). Pantropical.

PrERis PAPUANA Ces.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, spinney by ? lake, 7000’, epiphytic in forest.

Dec. 5731.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beccari ; D.S.W., Noord Rivier,

Versteeg ; N.E.).

Histiopreris INcisa J. Sm.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000-8000’, abundant everywhere. Dec. 5669.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Tropics and subtropics.
Preripium aquiLinum Kuhn, var. LAnucinosum V. Ald, v. Rosenb.
Arfak Mts., summit of Koebré Mt., 9000’, plentiful where burnt and
open. Dec. 5599, ‘“ Short,”

74

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Cosmopolitan ; the variety is chiefly
tropical.

*PSIA RADULA C. Chr.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial on edge of open marsh by ? lake,
7000’. Dee. 5956.

Distrib. Sumatra.

*VITTARIA CRASSIFOLIA Baker.
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 8000’, epiphytic in forest. Dee. 5729.
Distrib. Borneo; Banca.

VITTARTA ELONGATA Sw.

Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 8000-9000’, epiphytic in forest slopes. Dec.
5643.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Sorong, Ramoi, Beccari; D.S.W., Coastal
lowlands, Versteeg; N.E.; S.E.). Trop. Asia. Polynesia. Queensland,
N.S. Wales.

PoLYpopIuM FASCIATUM Presl.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, spinney by ? lake, 7000’, epiphytic in forest.
Dee, S971.

Nistrib. New Guinea (D.S8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss), Malay Islands.

PoLYPODIUM HIRTELLUM Bl.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, epiphytic in forest and Apibneye. Dec.
5551.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Perak. South
China. Malay Islands. New Caledonia.

POLYPODIUM SCABRISTIPES Baker.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, spinney by ¢? lake, 7000’, epiphytic in forest.
Dec. 5972.

Distrib. New Guinea (8.F.).

PoLypopium cucuLLATUM Nees et BI.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by ? lake, 7000".
Dec. 5734.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beccart ; D.S.W., Me. Pidkeces
Kloss; N.E.). Ceylon. Malay islands Fiji. New Caleionts.

*Po.ypopium Curtisit Baker.
Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 7000-8000’, epiphytic in moss-_
grown forest. Dec. 5733.—Epiphytiec in forest patch by ? lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5664.
Distrib. Sumatra,

75

*POLYPODIUM SERRATODENTATUM V. Ald. v. Rosenb.
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 7000-8000’, epiphytic in forest. Dec. 5628.
Distrib. Java? [True habitat unknown.]}

POLYPODIUM CLAVIFER Hook,

Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000-9000’, epiphytic in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 6119.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beccari; D.S.W., Hellwig-

Gebirge, von Roemer ; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Borneo.

PoLyPoD1UM (PLEOPELTIS) PAPUANUM Baker.

Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, epiphytic in moss-grown forest,
9000’. Dec. 6010.—Terrestrial in forest by ? lake, 7000’. Dec. 5933.
“ Fertile and sterile fronds on running rhizome.”

Istrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beecari).

*PoLypopiuM (PLEOPELTIS) STENOPHYLLUM Bl.

Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000-9000’, epiphytic in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 6015, also 5987 pro parte.

Distrib. Penang. Perak. Malay Islands. Fiji.

- PoLyrpopium (PLEOPELTIS) REMIGERUM Ridley (in sched.). Pleopeltis
renifera Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 263.

Arfak Mts.,S.W. ridge, Angi lakes, 8000-9000’, epiphytic in moss-grown
forest. Dec. 5987, also 6118.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

The specific name as printed is misleading and absurd, and is due to an
orthographic error. The MS. name on the label of the type in Herb. Mus.
Brit. is “‘ Polypodium remigerum,” an apt and descriptive name—for the long
slender fronds stand up perpendicularly from the rhizome and strikingly recall
the tossed oars of a man-of-war’s boat.

Po.ypopiumM (PLEOPELTIS) ARGYROPUS Ridley in Trans.‘Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot.
ix. (1916) 262. |
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 7500-8500’, epiphytic in forest slopes. Dec.
5632.—.Angi lakes, epiphytic on edge of forest patch by ? lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5589.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Koss).

Potypoprum (SeLuieuea) Feet Mett.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic and on ground, in forest by ¢ lake,
7000’. Dec. 5948.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Hellwig-Gebirge, von Roemer; 8.E.).

Malay Islands. Polynesia,
H

76

DrYOSTACHYUM SPLENDENS J. Smith.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial on edge of spinneys by ? lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5970.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., coastal lowlands, von Roemer). Malay
Islands.

CHEIROPLEURIA BICUSPIS Presl.

Arfak Mts., lower part of S.W. ridge, terrestrial in high forest, 5000-
6000’. Dec. 6134. Fertile frond only.

Distrib. New Guinea (S.E.). Java; Philippine Islands; Formosa ;
Liu-kiu Islands.

GLEICHENIA vuLcaNica Bl.

Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, terrestrial on burnt open summit, common,
9000’. Dec. 5611.—Angi lakes, abundant at edge of forest and spinneys
by 2 lake, 7000’. 5727.—S.W. ridge, terrestrial on open steep gravel slopes,
8000-9000’. 5996.

Distrib. New Guinea (S.E.). Malay Islands.

GLEICHENIA GLAUCA Hook.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant on edge of forest by 2 lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5668. “One frond climbing up to 7 m.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Asia. Australia.
Polynesia.

*GLEICHENIA LEVIGATA Hook.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant on edge of forest patch by ? lake,
7000’. Dec. 5577. “3m. in height, almost arboreal in habit. Leaves
glaucous underneath.”

Distrib. Malay Islands.

GLEICHENIA LINEARIS Clarke.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, running up trees at edge of forest patch by
9 lake; 7000’. Dec. 5575. ‘ Massed.”—S.W. ridge, common in forest,
where more open, 7000-8000’. 5991. * Scrambling up to 7 m.; half
frond.”

Iistrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; D.S.W., Noord
Rivier, Versteeg ; S.E.). Tropics and subtropics.

*ScH1z#A MALACCANA Baker,

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common on open drier and gravelly parts of
marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Dec. 5945.—S.W. ridge, 8500’, in moss in
forest undergrowth. 6011.

Distrib, Malay Islands. Burma.

17

LYCOPODIALES.

LycopopIuM sERRATUM Thunb.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 2? lake, terrestrial in humus,
7000'. Dec. 5724.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Asia. Polynesia. Mexico. Bourbon.

LycopoDiIuM sQuaRROsUM Forst.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, spinneys by ? lake, 7000’, epiphytic in forest.
Dec. 5725.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.; S.E.). Asia. Polynesia. Mascarene
Islands.

LycopopiIumM PINIFOLIUM Bl.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic under Araucaria forest by ? lake,
7000’... Dec. 5936.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Java;

Borneo.

.

Lycopopium CERNUUM L.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common on open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Dee.
5658, 5925.—S.W. ridge, creeping in forest and on open steep slopes, 8000-
9000’. 5995.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; D.S.W., Mt.
Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.; 8.1.). Tropics and some subtropics.

LycopopIuM CASUARLNOIDES Spring.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, scrambling on edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5944.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Trop. Asia.

Lycopoptum cLavatum L., var. WALLICHIANUM Spring.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open gravel bank by ¢ lake, 7000’. Dee.
5911.—Open marsh by @? lake. 5556.

Distrib. The species is recorded for New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts.,
Beceari ; S.E.). The species is cosmopolitan in temperate regions. ‘The
variety occurs in Java and India.

Lycopopium comPLANATUM L.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, by open marsh and bank of ¢ lake, 7000’. Dee.
5912.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beceari), Asia. Polynesia.
Africa, America; but mostly in the north temperate zones.
H2

78

LycopopIUM VOLUBILE Forst.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, scrambling up to 10 m. in forest spinneys by
9 lake, 7000’. Dec. 5954.—S.W. ridge, scrambling in moss-grown forest,
7000-8500’. 5982.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; S.E.). Malay
Islands. Australasia. Polynesia.

PsiiotumM FLACcIDUM Wall.
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., epiphytic in forest, 7500’. Dec. 5633.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari ; D.S.W., Noord

Rivier, Versteeg; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.H.). Tropics.

SELAGINELLA ANGUSTIRAMEA F, Muell. & Baker,
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial on edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’.
Dec. 5726. ‘Growing in patches.” ;
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.; 8.E.).

SPERMATOPHYTA.
CONIFERZ.

TAXACESR.

DACRYDIUM NOVO-GUINEENSE Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, dioica, in statu juvenili erecta; ramulis foliis longioribus 5-seriatim
imbricatis preditis, postea ramulis gracilioribus folia breviora gignentibus. Folia
in statu plante juvenili laxiuscula, squarrosa, acicularia, incurvato-pungentia, sectione
triangulare; folia in statu adultiori parva, dense imbricata, 5-seriata squami-
formia, triangularia, apice pungentia, facie plana, dorso carinata; folia ramorum
fertilium arete applicata, rhombica, acuta, dorso carinata, sectione sub-tetragona.
Strobili masculi ignoti. Strobili feminei ad apicem ramulorum brevissimorum
axillarium erecti, parvi; bractee +24, lineares, apice apiculate, incurvate, carinate,
margine membranacez, basi incrassate, demum carnose, rubre, bractea fertilis
unica, terminalis. Sguwama ovuligera fere usque ad basin libera, sub anthesi teres,
cucullata. Ovulwm in statu pollinifero liberum, squama ovuligera adhue immatura
circumdatum. Semina erecta vel obliqua, bracteam summum sterilem superantia,
avoideo-angulata, viridia, nitida, basi ad 7 vel + squama ovuligera incrassato-
cupuliforme cincta.

Hab. Arfak Mts., crest of ridges and forest by ? lake, 7000-9000’.
Seedling, 2 lake, 7000’. Dec. 5508.—Koebré ridge, open summit, 9000’.
?. Fr. with mature foliage. 5648.

Foliage of seedling branches 1 em. across, the leaves 4 mm. by °5 mm. ;

>

that of more adult branches 1:5 mm. across, the leaves 1:5 by -4 mm. ;

foliage of fruiting branches 2 mm. across, the adpressed lozenge-shaped leaves
17 mm. by 1 mm, _ Strobilus 7 mm. by 3 mm., imbricating, with bracts

79

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Dacrydium novo-quineense Gibbs—A. Youth foliage; 1. Mature @, nat. size; ©. Ovule
in pollination-stage, ovuliferous scale appearing ; D.a. Lateral, 5. ventral view;
E, F. Stages in development of ovule; H, I, J, K. Stages in development of
strobilus; L. Seed with ovuliferous scale still attached; M. Strobilus, showing |
swollen bases of sterile bracts forming strobilus (seed shed) ; M.c. Ovuliferous scale,

80

gradually increasing in length till at the apex they are 3 mm. by °5 mm., of
which the apical bract only is fertile ; the mature strobilus, with swollen
bract-bases, is 7 mm. by 4 mm., not including the seed. Ovuliferous scale
is +2 mm. in height and 2 mm. broad, persisting in the axil of the fertile
bract after the seed is shed. Seed 5 by 2mm. All measurements of the
fruiting-stages and drawings are from material in formalin. Pollination
drops were seen on the young ovules.

The mature fruiting-form of this species was only seen in one or two
isolated examples on the open summit of Koebré ridge, small trees +10 m.
high, with short trunks and rounded crowns of rigid ascending branches,
bearing numerous small red and fleshy cones. In younger stages this plant
was very abundant on the crest of the S.W. ridge and in the forest round
the ? lake. The foliage of the seedlings is plumose in character to 4°50 m.
in height, when the small adpressed scaly leaves begin to appear.

In the peculiar habit and the strap-shaped laminz of the bracts composing
the strobilus, this species is quite distinct from known members of the genus.

Popocarpus papuaNus Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. 158, quoad
spec. Klossianum de Camp III apportatum, non aliorum.

Arfak Mts, Angi lakes, common on the surrounding ridges and in
spinneys by the ? lake, 7000-9000’. Fl. 2., Fr. (yg.). Dee. 5540.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Hatam, Beccari; D.S.W.,
Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

A fine tree, +30 m. in height, very like P. imbricatus Bl. in habit and in
the dimorphic foliage, both seedling and youth form of foliage being identical
in both species—in fact, like Beccari, I took the young plant for that species
in the field, but the foliage of the mature tree is more spreading and distinct,
the scales of the g cones differ in shape, while the ? cones are larger and
very glaucous in appearance. The fusion of the lamina of the fertile bract
with the ovuliferous scale is also less complete than is the case in P. imbri-
catus and the position of the seed is more oblique. Dr. Beccari most kindly
sent me some of his Arfak material, published as P. imbricatus, which, on
comparison, proved identical with the above.

The description. of this plant being limited to the mature foliage
and one g cone, I append what is necessarily wanting in the original
diagnosis :-—

Arbor alta ; truncus teres, erectus; rami fere penduli, copiose ramulosi ; ramuli
flexuosi, siiclieas Folia dimorpha, juveilie 1 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata, biseriatim
expansa, plana, anguste linearia, mucronato-pungentia, decurrentia, apicem et basin
versus decrescentia. Strobili feminei 1-2 cm. longi, ‘5 mm. lati, ad apicem ramu-
lorum brevium erecti. Bractee 2 vel3, +2 mm., glaucescentes, lamine teretiuscule,
apice obtuse, 2 mm. longe, ‘8 mm. late (inter se connate), basi incrassata, verru-
culosa +4°5 mm. longa, 1 vel 2 superioribus fertilia, lamina bracteis fertilioribus cum

Podocarpus papuanus Ridl.— A, B. Youth foliage; C. Mature foliage, sterile; D. Branch,
bearing 2 Q strobili, one showing two fertile bracts (pollination-stage) ; E. 9 strobilus
(fertilization-stage) : all nat. size. G, H, I. Same stages; J. Strobilus with oblique
ovule; K. Mature foliage: all x 4.

82

squama ovuligera tota longitudine connata. Sguama ovuligera cum ovulo connata,
viridis, nitida. Ovula juvenilia in statu archegoniale, oblique erecta, bracteas
superantia, 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata.

All the measurements given are from formalin materia]. On a mature
tree in fruit small branches of the young foliage occurred up the stem. The
? strobili were in the pollination to the archegonial stage, and may be com-
pared with similar stages in P. imbricatus (Gibbs, in Ann. Bot. xxvi. (1912)
pl. xlix. figs. 1-6). The terminology given on p. 518, l. c.,is that followed on
the present occasion.

There seems little doubt that Giulianetti’s specimen, included by
Mr. Ridley in his description of P. papuanus, represents P. imbricatus BL.,
as Dr. Stapf had already named it on the Herbarium sheets at Kew; the two
? cones on the specimen prove the correctness of this determination. These
cones were not seen by Koorders (Nova Guinea, viii. (1911) 615).

Popocarpus Rumpxsit Bl. Rumphia, iii. (1847) 214; Beec. Malesia, i. 179.
Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, in forest from 7000-9000’. Veg. Dee. 5985.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beccari; D.S.W., Lobo, Zippelius ;

N.E.). Moluccas, Amboina, Celebes.

A tree, +16 m. high, very common on the crest of the ridge, but not seen
in fruit ; therefore the determination must remain uncertain. Leaves over

2 dm. long.

PHYLLOCLADUs HYPOPHYLLUS Hook. f. Ic. PI. 889 ; F. Muell. in Trans. Roy.
Soc. Vict. i. (1888) 32.

Arfak Mts., common on ridges. Koebré ridge, open summit, 9000’.
9 (very yg.). Dec. 5657. Seedling, 5657 a.—S.W. ridge, foliage glaucous.
2 (yg-). 5992.

Distrib. New Guinea (8.E.). N. Borneo, Philippines.

Very plentiful on ridges and in the forest, showing glaucous and non-
glaucous foliage as on Kinabalu. Only the remains of some mature cones
were collected. I fail to distinguish any difference between the above species
and P. protractus Pilg. It is a very variable plant like other Phyllocladus
spp-, differing according to the age of the plant and whether the fertile
branches occur on the old or the young wood. The series of variations
obtained by me on Kinabalu are duplicated in the Arfak material, and appear
also marked in the large amount of material from the Philippines available
at Kew for comparison.

PINACES.

Acatuis DamMara (Lamb); A. Rich. Conif. Ixxxiii. t. 19 ; Rumph. Herb.
Amboina, ii. 174, t.57; Becc. Malesia, i. 180; Warb. Monsunia, i.
182; K. Laut. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 1. (1913) 48,
Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, 5000’, in high forest. 2. Dec. 6127.
Veg. (yg. plant). 5747.

83

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Waigiou, La Billardiére; Ramoi, Jobi
Island, Ansus, Beccari). Amboina, Gelebes, Borneo, Java, Philippines,
Malay Peninsula.

A beautiful tree, about 40 m. high, with straight white shaft branching
at the very top into a small, not very spreading crown with yellowish-
green foliage.

The distinct habit of these trees, of which three to four were growing
near together, the crowns rising above the surrounding forest, was especially
noted, to be confirmed by the excellent description given by Rumphius above,
quoted by Parlatore (DC. Prod. xvi. 2, 374). Great lumps of white resin
stood out on the straight white trunks.

The trees were all too big to climb, so it was only possible to collect the
old scales underneath, still in sound condition and in some cases attached
to the axes of the cones. Many young trees, +20 m. high, showed the
fastigiate youth form characteristic of the genus (16, t. ix. f. 1). The leaves
in the above collection were from a young plant +2 m. high, with one whorl
of single branches +2°75 m. long. As the leaves vary in size and texture
with the age of the plant, it is impossible to base a species on vegetative
characters alone, and A. Labillardiert Warb. is no doubt synonymous with
the above, as already suggested by Lauterbach, 1. c.

Araucakia Beccartt Warb. Monsunia, i. 187. A. Cunninghamii Bece. in
Malesia, i. 180 (non Ait.). A. Cunninghamii Ait., var. papuana Laut.
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 1, (19138) 51.

Arfak Mts., gregarious in parts in forest by 2 lake. Seedlings. Dee.
534. Young plant (1 m.). 5748. Old foliage and cones (pro-embryo
stage). 5749.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Hatam, Beccari).

These handsome trees were guite abundant on the eastern bank of the
lake. They were about 25 m. in height and mostly in fruit. The large
erect cones are borne on the horizontal uppermost branches of the trees.
Many of the mature cones seen on the largest trees must be double the size
given by Beccari, but the indurated bases of old leaves densely investing the
trunks rendered climbing out of the question, and, having no axes with us,
they could not be felled. A smaller tree, felled by ‘‘ parang,” yielded two
? cones, one of which approximated to Beccari’s measurements, while the
other was smaller. Both the cones were in pro-embryo stage, with the seed-
coat already quite indurated. ‘The ovuliferous scale, not shown in A. Cun-
ninghamii, is very noticeable in this species, as Beccari has described, and in
this character it approximates to A. Hunsteinii K. Schum. (FI. Kais.
Wilhelmsland, 12 (1889)). The cone-scalesare more elongate than in A. Cun-
ninghamii, with narrower base, more swollen apophysis, and a more pungent
apex. he leaves of the fertile branch are more spreading, 1 cm. long and

a

3mm. broad at the dilated base, with pungent apex more or less reflexed.
In habit these trees differ from A. Cunninghamii, for, though fastigiate-
pyramidal in growth, the branching is not so defined or symmetrical, showing
little trace of the candelabra-like habit so familiar in the latter. There is
also a difference in the size and shape of the leaves, in their stomatal
markings, and in the much larger size of the @ cones. I must thank
Dr. Beccari for material of his species, which he most kindly sent me for
purposes of comparison ; also Dr. Stapf for carefully considering the points
of difference between the two plants. (Pls. 1, 3, figs. 1, 5.)

In both the available cones an apparent orifice (ori., B) is visible on the
swollen pulvinus of most of the bracts, behind the apex of the ovuliferous
scale, possibly due to rupture of tissue. :

Fig. 5.

Araucaria Beccarti Warb.—A. Sporophyll; 0.8., ovuliferous scale, w., wing.
B. Lateral view ; or7., apparent orifice. C. Dorsal view.

LisocepRUs ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor alta, in diversis ramis monoica; rami teretes, cortice fusco obducti, ramuli
oppositi, distichi. Folia decussatim opposita, in statu juvenili omnia conformia,
linearia, in statu adulta adpresse quadrifariatim imbricata, difformia, marginalia
navicularia, subacuta, coriacea, maxima ex parte adnata, complicata, apice solum
libera, facialia plana, squamiformia, triangularia, carinata, acuminata. Strobili
masculi in ramulis lateralibus solitarii, terminales, cylindracei. Anthere m -seriate,
spiraliter disposite, stipite breve, connectivi appendicula squamiformi, late ovata,
leviter peltata, chartacea, loculi 3-6, globosi, deorsum 2-valves. Strobili feminei in
ramulis brevibus erecti; bracte 4, elongato-ovate, demum lignose, appendicem
magnum late ovatum obtusum antice proferentes. Nucuda elliptica, subacuta, alata,
altera subobsoleta, altera elongato-ovata.

Hab. Arfak Mts., on ridges and in the forest by ¢ lake, 7000-8000’.

85

Seedling, ? lake, 7000’. Dec. 5550.—Youth form, 8.W. ridge, 8000’.
5500.—Koebré ridge, 8000’. 39. Dec. 5594,

The abundant seedlings of this plant, both on the ridges and at the

Fie. 6 a.

Libocedrus arfakensis Gibbs.—A. Seedling, nat. size ; B. Mature foliage, sterile ; C. 9 branch ;
D. $ branch; E. ¢ strobilus, x 8; F, G, H. Sporophylls showing three sporanyia,
x 8; J. Sporophyll with four sporangia, x 8.

? lake, formed a conspicuous feature of the forest undergrowth, from the
peculiar shape, herbaceous texture, and light green colour of the leaves,
which in this stage are +2 em. long and 8 mm, broad in the median portion,

86

Libocedrus arfakensis Gibbs.—A. Fertile Q branch, with very young strobili showing four
bracts: f.,f,, fertile, s.,s., sterile; B, C, D. Progressive stages, showing gradual dis-
placement of bract apices by secondary upgrowth of tissue ; E. Strobilus before
debiscence, anterior bract removed, exposing the two ovules o., with wings still

undeveloped, on the posterior f. bract ; F. Mature strobilus, exposing wings of ovules
on dehiscence ; G. Old strobilus, ovules shed,

87

with divaricating falcate apices 1 em. long by 7 mm. broad. The leaves
gradually become smaller and more modified in form as the plant matures,
till, in young trees of + 19 m. in height, they are fleshy coriaceous in texture,
1 em. long by 6-7 mm, broad, showing + 5 whitish lines of stomata in
formalin material, connate almost to the extreme apex, which is apiculate or
acute, with incurved tendency. The small scale-like leaves of the fruiting
branches are 1 mm. long by about the same in breadth, with a few faint
stomatal lines. The ¢ cone is 14 mm. by 3 mm., with peltate sporophylls
bearing 4—6 sporangia (4 being the usual number) at the base; in one case
3 sporangia to each scale were present throughout the strobilus, and in
another 4—6 were seen ; the strobilus (first ovoid) elongates considerably on
the dehiscence of the sporangia, the sporophylls drying light brown in
colour. The ? strobilus consists of 4 simple bracts, opposite decussate in
arrangement, subtended by 4 modified scale-leaves ; the 2 fertile interior
bracts, each bearing 2 ovules at the base, are longer, and in the pollination
stage unmodified, when they are + 4 mm. long by 3 mm. broad, showing no
differentiation between the fertile and sterile bracts. As the strobilus
increases in size, a swelling appears between the two fertile bracts. This
swelling gradually develops into 2 ovate-elongate projections which displace
the apices of the bracts, and it is these secondary projections which open
to liberate the ovules, both reflexing on dehiscence, like the outside bracts,
which are modified in the same manner but to a less extent. In both
cases this hypertrophied secondary tissue is ciliate round the margin. The
strobilus before dehiscence may be 14 cm. long by 9 mm. broad, and the
ovule, of which the wing is still undeveloped, 5 mm. by 4 mm. All
measurements are from formalin material.

On the ridges this tree was small and not seen in fruit. Some beautiful
specimens occurred in the sheltered forest by the lake, + 34 m. high, with
very straight round boles and red scaly bark; the more or less conical
crowns, spreading at the base, of graceful dark green foliage, rose above the
level of the forest. All these fine trees showed dead branches at the tops, as
if their development had been arrested or their maximum passed. The only
trees seen in fruit were in a more or less open space on the western slopes of
Koebré ; these were grouped together, + 16 m. high, with the g cones just
shedding their pollen and the ? cones in all stages, both borne abundantly
on separate branches as in Thuja.

This species is distinct, like L. papwana F. Muell., in the spirally -arranged
sporophylls of the ¢ strobilus and in the varying number of the sporangia.
It differs in the shape and texture of the leaves, which are dark green on
both surfaces, in the more numerous rows of sporophylls in the g, and in’

the bracts of the @ strobilus,

88

MONOCOTYLEDONEE.

PanDANACES. (A.B. RENDLE.)_

Freyctnetia (§ OLIGostTIGMA) FLAVICEPS Rendle, sp. nov.

Ramus subtenuis in parte superiore foliatus infra cicatricibus foliorum annulatus.
Folia in sicco tenuiter coriacea, lineari-lanceolata, superne ad apicem acutum pun-
gentem attenuata, margine et costa media tenui nisi sub apice inermi. Inflorescentia
frugifera ramum terminans, axi trigono bracteis deciduis nudo. Synearpia terna,
subglobosa, flava, pedunculo hispido. Carpe/la matura succulenta, apice libero obtuse
pyramidata ; stigmata 2, hippocrepiformia vel semiorbicularia. Semzna apice et basi
rubro-brunneo-tincta, rhaphe lata rhaphidophora et strophiolo angusto preedita.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge running up to Arfak lakes, scandent in
forest, 6000-8000’. Fr. Dee. 6125.

Branch 4-3 mm. thick, internodes 8-16 mm. long. Leaves 6-8 em. long,
4:5-7 mm. wide. Axis of inflorescence barely 1 cm. long ; synearp about
1:5 em. long and nearly as broad, somewhat flattened at the base ; about
6-7 ripe carpels in a line drawn from apex to base, ripe carpel 2-3 mm.
broad, free apex 1°5-2 mm. high. Seed witha broad raphe bearing a double
line of white raphides, and on the opposite side a narrow wing-like
strophiole.

Near F. inermis Ridl. from the Utakwa River, which, however, has
ellipsoidal red synearps with more numerous carpels and seeds with a much
broader strophiole.

Freyotnetia (§ PLerostigma) Gippsza Rendle, sp. nov.

Ramus ramulosus superne foliatus, infra cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum annu-
latus. Folia coriacea, e basi latiore amplexicauli linearia, superne gradatim angustata,
acuta, recurvata, margine spinulifera; costa media tenuis, supra leviter impressa, in
facie inferiore subprominens et sparsius spinulifera. Inflorescentia mascula. .. ...
Inflorescentiea feminee ramulos breves terminantes ; ramuli in parte inferiore bracteis
triangularibus acutis margine spinuliferis, seriebus 3 dense imbricatis superne
gradatim increscentibus arcte induti, bracteis superioribus usque ad 7 subito majori-
bus et spathiformibus, late ovatis, rubris, deciduis, margine sub apice spinuloso, alibi
inermi. Spice florentes apice ramuli axillares, oblongo-ellipsoidex, pedunculo valido
hispido. Carpella dense aggregata, parte brevi apicale 5-6-gona ; stigmata 4-6, in-
terdum 3, in disco plano apicale ordinata ; ovariwm super locellos dense sublignosum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge running up to Angi lakes, common over
ground and on trees in forest, 7000-9000’. 9. Dec. 5516.

Branch 4-7 mm. thick, internodes between the leaf-scars 3-5-4 mm. long.
Leaves 16-22 cm. long, 3°5-5 mm. wide above the broader base. Stem of
female flowering branchlets about 2 cm. long, covered below with densely
imbricating closely superposed bracts increasing in size upwards from
1-2-5 em. long ; above them are a series of larger, spathe-like, more spreading ©
bracts, increasing rapidly in size up to 5 cm. long and 4 cm, broad. Flower-

89

spikes to 1:7 cm. long, 1:1 em. in diameter ; peduncle to 2°5 cm. long,
3°5 mm. thick. Carpels 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. thick. :

Recalls the Philippine species F’. ensifolia Merril] in its foliage and female
spikes, but the dwarf fertile branches with the large spathe-bracts are
distinctive.

PANDANUS sp.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, isolated or gregarious, general in forest by 9
lake, 7000’. Fl. g. Dec. 5969.

** About 30 m. in height, with branched and unbranched crowns. Leaf
3°75 m. long. Pedicel of the g inflorescence 4 dm. long. @ flowers
yellow ; @ not seen or fruit.” Possibly a new species, but the material is
too incomplete for determination.

GRAMINE#. (A. B. RENDLE.)

IscHZMUM ARISTATUM L., var. ARFAKENSE Rendle, var. nov.

Planta circa 1 metralis, nodis et foliorum (superiorum) vaginis glabris. Spice |
approximate, 7-9°5 em. long. Callus et pedicellus spicularum pilis albis instructi,
spicule glabre. Spiewle sessiles, gluma prima nodulis marginalibus sepius 3
obsoletis uno latere notata, 7 mm. longa. Spicule pedicellate, gl. prima «equilonga,
glaberrima, gl. quarta aristam imperfectam ipsa breviorem gerens.

Hab. Artak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. FI. Dee.
5564, 5719.

IsacHNE MILIACEA Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 58.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open by ? lake, 7000’. Fr. Dec. 5916.
Distrib. East India.

Seraria a@uauca Beauv. Agrost. 51; Schum. & Laut. 180; Ridl. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 248.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Fr. Dec. 5560.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Cosmopolitan.

TRISETUM LATIFOLIUM Rid]. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 250.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee.

5900.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

Cyperaces. (A. B. RENDLE.)

*BuLposTyLis CAPILLARIS Kth., var. TRIFIDA ©. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.
Brit. India, 652.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Fl.

Dec. 5565.
Distrib. Wide in tropical and subtropical regions,

90

Sorrpus setaceus L, Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 73 ; Schum. & Laut. 195.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ¢ lake where boggy, 7000’. FI.
Dec. 5973. ;

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Widely distributed in the Old World,
temperate and alpine.

Criapium FaLcatum OC. B. Clarke MS. ex Rid]. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2,
Bot. ix. (1916) 243. |
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common in open marsh and edge of forest by
9? lake, 7000’. FI. Dec. 5924.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

‘LADIUM GERMANICUM Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 75, t. 5. £. 7.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, by open beach of 9 lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee.
5902.

I%strib, Temperate and subtropical regions.

CLADIUM ARFAKENSE Rendle, sp. nov.

Caulis sub-compressus, in parte superiore bractea longe vaginante indutus. Folia
e basi caulis specimine 2 super basin vaginantem teretia, pungentia, exteriore caulem
et paniculam excedens. Panicula contermino obovata, sublete brunnea, densa,
ramosa, ramis ascendentibus e bracteis acuminatis oriundis. Spicule plurime
sessiles, oblonge, pluriflore. Glume membranacex, rubro-brunnee, ovate, sub-
obtuse, 3 inferiores vacuz, breviter mucronate, superiores sepe 5 quisque florem
% includens. Stamina 3; connectivum super antheram anguste lineari-lanceolatam
breviter aristatum. Stylus filiformis prope medium in ramis 8 ciliolatis solutus.
Te eee
Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of open sandy beach by 2? lake,
7000’. FI. Dee. 5901.—Abundant in open marsh by ? lake. FI. Fr.
5561.

Stem with panicle 5-5 em. high, 3-2 mm. thick, invested in the upper
third by a long sheathing bract with a short blade; outer leaf nearly 9 em.
long, the loosely sheathing lower portion about 1 dm. long, the terete blade
about 2 mm. in diameter at the middle. Panicle 7 em. long, 4 cm. broad,
the lowest bract somewhat foliaceous, 5 em. long, linear-lanceolate and
tapering above the short sheathing base ; upper bracts similar, but progres-
sively and rapidly shorter. Lowest branch 5°5 em. long, the upper shorter.
Spikelets about 5 cm. long; empty glumes 3°5-4 mm. long, upper glumes
each subtending a % flower, up to 4°5 mm. long. Stamens 5 mm. long, the
flat ribbon-like filament 2 mm.

A very distinct species, characterized by its broad dense panicle and
numerous-flowered spikelets,

91

RuyYNCHOSPORA GLAUCA Vahl, Enum. ii. 233.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common in marsh by 9? lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee.
5563.—Edge of beach by 2? lake. Fl. Dec. 5899.

Distrib. Tropics of both hemispheres.

*GAHNIA PsITTAcorUM Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. i. 89, t. 115.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Koebré ridge, undergrowth in summit forest,
9000". Fr. (red). Dee. 5635.—Edge of forest and stunted on open burnt
summit, ‘50-3 m., 9000’. Fl. 5615.—Edge of forest and spinneys by
@ lake, 7000’. Fl. Fr. (red & yellow). 5585.—Open edge of sandy
beach by ¢ lake. Fr. (yg.). 5914.—S.W. ridge, running up to Angi
lakes, in moss-grown forest, 8500’. Fl., Fr. (yg.). 6007.

Distrib. Australia, Tasmania.

*Carex GAUDICHAUDIANA Kth. Enum. PI. ii. 417.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, sandy marsh by @? lake, 7000’. Fil. Dee.
5898.

Distrib. Alpine regions of Australasia.

Pautma. (0. Becoari.)

Kentia Grppstana Becce., sp. nov.

Caudice procero; frondium vagina dense tomentosa; segmentis concinne pecti-
natis zquidistantibus, rigide chartaceis, 1-costulatis, inferioribus angustissimis in
acumen filiforme terminatis ; intermediis linearibus, 50-55 cm. longis, 2°5 em. latis,
apice ineequali et bifidis ; superioribus sensim minoribus, apice truncatis et preemorso-
dentatis ; spadicibus duplicato-ramosis, ramis floriferis glabris, alterne inter glomerulos
compressiusculis ; floribus usque ad apicem glomerulato-3nis, glomerulis oppositis et
decussatis; floribus masculis 12-15 mm. longis; calyce parvo acute tridentato;
petalis lanceolatis et acuminato-subfalcatis; staminibus 6-8; antheris sinuose
lanceolato-acuminatis, acutis vel subaristatis, filamento brevissimo suffultis; ovarii
rudimento brevi, 3-corne; floris feminei calyce subtruncato, sepalis rotundatis
brevibus, petalis e basi late imbricata abrupte in acumen trigonum crassum valvatum
contractis ; fructibus ovatis, parvis, vertice minute mammillato.

A fine Palm with a relatively slender trunk, up to 30 m. high, and with
the crown rising above the level of the primeval forest. Leaves about
two metres long. Leaf-sheaths about 60 em. long, coriaceous, thicker on
their backs, strongly striate longitudinally internally and outside (in the dry
condition), but internally glabrous, and externally clothed with a thick, soft,
rusty tomentum, Petiole flat above at its base, rounded beneath, and with
acute margins ; rhachis acutely trigonous in the intermediate and apical
parts, scabrid-furfuraceous. Leaflets numerous, equidistant, neatly bifarious,
alternate, 4-5 em. apart on each side of the rhachis, rather stiff, thinly
coriaceous, of the same colour on both surfaces, linear-ensiform, slightly

narrowing in their lower parts, with the margins reduplicate at the ratler
I

92

broad bases ; mid-costa rather strong and prominent above, slender beneath,
and furnished (in proximity to the base) with a few narrow and long
ramentaceous scales; on each side of the mid-costa is a very slender,
secondary nerve, slightly prominent on the under surface, and marked by a
faint furrow above ; tertiary nerves numerous and distinct, giving a neatly
striate appearance to both surfaces; the margins are very sharp (not
furnished with a marginal nerve) ; the lowest leaflets are very narrow, very,
long-acuminate to a slender, subulate apex, 5-12 mm. broad, 35-40 em. long,
and are slightly falciform ; the intermediate leaflets are 50-55 cm. long and
2-5 em. wide, slightly narrow above and have also a tendency to be falcate at
the apex, which is acute, but subbifid with a small indentation on the lower
margin ; the upper leaflets are quite straight, gradually shorter and narrower
than the intermediate, and have the apex truncate and preemorse ; the two
terminal are the smallest, 22-25 cm. long, 1-3-costulate, and quite free at
the base. Spadia scopiform, apparently twice branched, the primary
branches not numerous, divided (nearly from the base) into a few (3-4 in
the specimens at hand) secondary or flower-bearing branches. Complete
spathes apparently two (the outer not seen by me), the inner lanceolate-
subfalcate, acuminate, about 50 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, papyraceous, flattened,
and finely striate, the margins not winged. Flower-bearing branches straight,
slender, but rigid, 40-50 cm. long, of the uniform thickness of 2-3 mm.
from base to apex, glabrous, finely wrinkled in the dry condition; in their
lower part the branches apparently carry male flowers only, but in the
remainder, up to the apex, the flowers are in glomerules of 3, that in
the middle being a female, and the two side ones male; the glomerules
rest on superficial pulvinuli; they are in opposite pairs, and the pairs are
decussate, and between the pairs the branches are flattened in alternate
directions ; the pulvinuli are surrounded by very narrow semiannular bracts.
Male flowers 12-15 mm. long, sessile, asymmetrical ; the calyx very small,
trigonous, with 3 acute teeth; the corolla several times longer than the
calyx ; the petals narrowly lanceolate, almost flat, very long-acuminate-
subulate, the apices wavy-falcate; stamens 6-8, filaments very short and
thick ; anthers erect, one-third shorter than the petals, linear-lanceolate
sinuose-subulate-aristate ; rudimentary ovary very short, terminated by 3
small horns. emule flowers ripen a little after the male, have a globular
base, and a trigonous, pyramidate-acuminate, and subfalcate point; the
calyx is low, cupular-subtruncate, formed by broad sepals, having rounded,
hyaline, ciliate margins ; petals strongly imbricate, concave, orbicular in
their basal part, and suddenly contracted into a valvate, trigonous-acuminate,
thickish point, longer than the broadened basal part ; staminodes 6, very
small, tooth-like. Ovary broadly ovoid, suddenly shortened into 3 fleshy,
slender, obtuse stigmas. The young fruit has a glossy or polished surface,
is 5 mm. in diam, and 10 mm. long, including the perianth, and has a

93

terminal discoid mammillate areola, bearing the remains of the small
stigmas. Fruiting perianth not accrescent, but hardened, and with the
apices of the petals spreading.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 2100-2400 m. ¢ 2. Fr. Dee. 5951.

Without doubt rather elosely related to Kentia procera, from which it
differs in having the uppermost leaflets truncate and premorse-toothed, and
in the male flowers having larger anthers, as long as two-thirds of the
entire flower. In K. procera the uppermost leaflets are bidentate at apex,
and the anthers reach only to about the middle of the petals. The mature
fruit of KA. Gibbsiana is probably more broadly ovate than that of
KK. procera.

K. Gibbsiana is one of the very few palms that belong to the true genus
Kentia as understood by me in ‘ Webbia,’ vol. iv. (1913) 143.

CALAMUS HUMBOLDTIANUS Becce., sp. nov.

Scandens, caudice vaginato 15-20 mm. diam.; vaginis flagelliferis, spinis parvis
armatis, ocrea magna, elongata, acuminata, chartacea, 50 em. et ultra longa, spinulis
minutis confluentibus crebre seriatim ornata ; foliis non cirriferis, circiter metralibus ;
segmentis paucis per greges paucos approximatis, papyraceis, lanceolatis, breviter
acuminatis, unicostulatis, nervis omnibus nudis vel costa media supra prope apicem
spinulosa; segmento terminali profundissime bilobo; spadice ¢ foliis breviori,
stricto; panicula densa, cupressiformi; snatha exteriori elongata, basi tubulosa,
superne aperta; ramis primariis densissime floriferis, dum floribus onustis spice-
formibus, subteretibus ; spicis parvis densifloris.

Scandent, and of moderate size. Sheathed stem apparently 15-20 mm.
in diam. Leaf-sheaths (in the small portion seen by me) closely armed with
short small prickles, Ocrea extraordinarily large and long, as much as
50 cm. in length, very gradually Jong-acuminate, slightly inflated, enfolding
the younger part of the stem, covered with thin fuscous-furfuraceous scurf,
chartaceous, exsuccous, rigid, later splitting longitudinally on the outer side
and not dissolving into fibres, fugaciously furfuraceous outside and orna~-
mented all over, and rather closely, with oblique, interrupted, slightly raised,
spinuliferous lines or ridges. Leaf-sheath flagella slender and very long,
armed, but not very regularly, with ternate or quinate claws, intermingled
with smaller scattered prickles. Leaves non-cirriferous ; in one specimen
about 1 m. long on the whole; the petiole alone 35 cm. long, almost
biconvex, slightly prickly, and with obtuse margins; rhachis smooth,
bifaced, with an acute salient angle above, and armed beneath, at first, with
quinate and higher up with ternate claws. Leaflets very conspicuously
approximate into very few distant groups (3 in the specimen at hand)
with long vacant spaces of rhachis interposed ; in one specimen the leaflets
are 7 on each side of the rhachis, of which 8 (4 on each side) form a
basal group, and 7 (3 on each side with a deeply bilobed apical one) form
the terminal group ; between these two main groups is another intermediate

r2

94

formed of 2 opposite leaflets only ; the leaflets are lanceolate-ensiform, or
oblanceolate, and taper almost equally to both ends, have the base rather
acute, and are shortly and suddenly acuminate in a slightly bristly-spinulous
tip ; are papyraceous, rather firm, glossy on both surfaces, but especially —
above, very slightly paler beneath, with an acute mid-costa and a few slender
side-nerves, all quite naked on both surfaces, though at times the mid-costa
is slightly spinulous above near the apex ; margins remotely and minutely
ciliate-spinulous, more closely near the apex; transverse veinlets very
crowded, fine and sharp ; intermediate leaflets 40-50 cm. long, 3°5-4 cm.
broad, the lowest smallest, those of the terminal group shorter, but not
narrower. Male spadix somewhat shorter than the leaves (70 em. long in
one specimen), erect, strict, having an elongate pedicellar part bearing only
one dense and narrow cupressiform panicle, about 20 em. long (perhaps at
times the spadix is longer, and with more than one panicle) ; the primary
spathe is very elongate, and at first enfolds the spadix; it is tubular,
flattened with acute edges, closely sheathed in its lower part, and is produced
above into an open, thinly membranous, lacerate, lanceolate-acuminate limb,
it is sprinkled all over outside with minute tuberculiform prickles ; the
panicle is composed of several gradually diminishing, very approximate, very
densely flowered, short spikelet-bearing branchlets, inserted at an angle of
45°, subtended by secondary thinly membranous, dry, lanceolate-acuminate,
more or less lacerated, secondary spathes, only a little shorter than their
respective branchlets ; the branchlets have the appearance of being small,
simple, cylindrical spikes, 5-6 em. long in the basal part of the panicle,
gradually a little shorter above ; in fact, however, they are composed of
several, very short, very closely drawn together, alternate, distichous
spikelets, the lowest of which are 8-10 mm. long, with 7~8 very approximate
flowers on each side ; the upper spikelets gradually diminish in length and
number of flowers; spathels bracteiform, membranous, concave with a
triangular acute apex, surpassing the involucre; this is deeply cupular,
or subeampanulate, truncate, not distinctly two-keeled, and bidentate on the
side next to the axis. Male flowers very closely packed together, oblong,.
6 mm. long; the calyx deeply 4-lobed; the corolla twice as long as the
calyx, narrowing a little above to a bluntish apex. Female spadix and fruit
unknown.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, ridge behind the village, 700’, scrambling in high
forest. @. Jan. 6267.

A very distinct species, but with very marked affinities with C@: macro-
chamis Becc. It belongs to Group V. of my monograph, characterized
mainly by non-cirriferous leaves, and by the leaf-sheaths furnished with
a long clawed flagellum ; in that group it falls into the division which
contains C. macrochlamys and other Papuan species, all having very large and
elongate chartaceous ocree. Even among these species C. humboldtianus

95

is easily distinguishable by its relatively short leaves, having few, lanceolate,
grouped leaflets, glossy and smooth on both surfaces ; by the sheaths
prolonged into an excessively long, slightly inflate ocrea, which is orna-
mented with oblique spinuliferous slightly raised ridges; by the strict
long-pedicelled spadix with a very densely flowered panicle; and by the
primary spathe having an elongate, thinly-membranous, lacerate, externally

prickly limb.

CALAMUS ARFAKIANUS Beee., sp. nov.

Gracilis, scandens, caudice 5-10 mm. diam., vaginis flagelliferis, spinis gracilibus,
interdum brevissimis, parce armatis, in ore et in ocrea brevi barbatis ; foliis non
cirriferis, brevibus, petiolo brevissimo, segmentis paucis per greges paucos inter se
remotos approximatis, lineari-lanceolatis, subulato-acuminatis, tenuiter papyraceis,
unicostulatis, nervis secundariis utrinque 1-2 tenuibus, costa media et nervis omnibus
levibus; segmentis intermediis circiter 20 em. longis, 15-20 mm. latis, duobus
terminalibus basi breviter connatis vel fere liberis; spadicibus valde elongatis et
flagelliformibus; spathis elongatis arcte vaginantibus; spadicis g ramis_ primariis
paucis, remotis, spicas numerosas deflexas ferentibus; spicis majoribus 15-18 mm.
longis, floribus utringue 13-15 fere contiguis; spathellis coneavis, bracteiformis ;
spadicis 9 ramis primariis paucis, remotis; spicis majoribus 4-5 em. longis, floribus
utrinque 8-10; fructibus late ovato-ellipticis, abrupte mucronatis, 15 mm. diam. ;
seminis albumine homogeneo.

Scandent and very slender. Sheathed stem 5-6 or at most 8-10 mm. in
diam. Leaf-sheaths flagelliferous, not or only sligitly gibbous above, at
times almost smooth, and only slightly (and very minutely) tubercled-
spinulous in their upper part; but in some specimens rather densely covered
with scattered or slightly confluent bristle-like spines, which become closer,
considerably longer, and more hair-like, near and on the margins of the
. mouths of the same Jeaf-sheaths, and of the ocrea, which because of them

looks bearded. Leaf-sheath flagella very slender and long, and armed
irregularly with very minute scattered claws, Leaves non-cirriferous, short,
40-60 em. long; petiole very short, 2-3 cm. long at most; rhachis fuga-
ciously rasty-furfuraceous like the petiole, armed beneath with unequal,
rather long-tipped, scattered or ternate claws. Leaflets few, 15-19 in all,
very irregularly set, usually approximate in three groups separated by long
vacant spaces of rhachis; they are narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
gradually subulately acuminate, thinly papyraceous, almost shining and about
the same colour on both surfaces ; have the mid-costa very sharp above, and
one, or at times two slender secondary nerves on each side of it ; mid-costa
and nerves quite naked and smooth on both surfaces ; transverse veinlets
rather sharp and not very crowded ; the margins have only a few distant,
almost inconspicuons, appressed spinules, closer and more distinct in the
apical part; the leaflets of the interme tiate and lower groups are about

96

20 cm. long and 15-20 mm. broad ; those of the terminal group somewhat
smaller; the two terminal are the smallest, free, or more or less connate,
at the base. Male and female spadices similar, flagelliform, very long and
slender, with a very few distant partial inflorescences ; primary spathes very
narrowly tubular and elongate, very closely sheathing, more or less armed
with scattered small claws; the lowest slightly compressed, the others
cylindraceous. Male partial inflorescences (primary branches) zigzag
sinuous, spreading, inserted outside their respective spathes with a distinct
axillary callus ; the lowest 18-20 cm. long, with 7-8 rather distant spikelets
on each side; the upper ones gradually shorter, and with fewer spikelets;
secondary spathes 8-10 mm. long, smooth or at times very slightly spinulous,
tubular-infundibuliform, or ‘with a narrow flattened base, and slightly
enlarged above, very closely sheathing, obliquely truncate and glabrous at
the mouth, where acute at one side; spikelets flattened, 6 mm. broad, comb-
like with very approximate or contiguous bifarious flowers ; spikelets
strongly deflexed, inserted just at the mouths of their respective spathes ;
the lower spikelets 15-18 mm. long, bearing 13-15 flowers on each side; the
others gradually shorter; spathels bracteiform, broad, concave, acute, strongly
striately-veined ; involucre cupular, obsoletely two-keeled and two-tvothed
on the side next to the axis. Male flowers very close together, ovate, sub-
acute, 2°5 mm. long; the calyx deeply 3-lobed, strongly striately-veined ;
the corolla twice as long as the calyx. Female spadiz has shorter partial
inflorescences and fewer but larger spikelets than the male spadix; the
largest (lowest) spikelets are 4~5 cm. long, and carry 8-10 flowers on each
side; spathels broadly infundibuliform, truncate; involucrophorum obliquely
campanulate ; involucre deeply cupular, tetencnté, as long as the involucro-
phorum ; areola of the neuter flower rather conspicuous, subcupular. Female
flowers ovate, inserted at an angle of about 45°, Fruiting perianth almost
explanate, not pedicelliform. rwit broadly ovoid-elliptical, 17-18 mm. long
(not taking into account the beak), 15 mm. broad, equally rounded at both
ends, suddenly topped by a beak 2°5 mm. long; scales in 21 longitudinal
series, rather deeply grooved along the centre, straw-yellowish with a very
narrow dark brown marginal line; tip bluntish. Seed irregularly globose,
with homogeneous albumen.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common all through the forest round ? lake
at 7000-8000’. “A small rotang, excellent for tying.” 5977 (9 type-
specimens) with the sheathed stem 8-10 mm. in diam. and rather densely
prickly leaf-sheaths. The male plant (6144, Dec., Mt. Arfak, 5000’ on
‘the S.W. ridge, scrambling in high forest) : very slender; sheathed stem
8-10 mm. in diam.; leaf-sheaths nearly smooth.

It is evidently relate to the Australian C. Muelleri, from which it mainly
differs in the leaflets not being distinctly 3-costulate, and in the female spadix

97

having the flowers inserted at an angle of about 45° (not horizontal), and in
its larger fruit. :

C. arfakianus is characterized by its slender stem, by the cirriferous leaf-
sheaths, and short non-cirriferous leaves, with a few narrowly lanceolate
leaflets approximated into a few (three) distant groups; the two terminal
leaflets free, or but slightly united at their bases; by the very slender and
long filiform spadices, not very dissimilar in the two sexes, and by the ovoid-
elliptical, suddenly-beaked fruit, having the seed with equable albumen.

CALAMUS ARFAKIANUS var. IMBERBIS Becc.

Vaginis inermibus, in ore minime barbatis; ocrea brevi truncata; segmentis
interdum obsolete 3-costulatis.

Differs from the type in having the leaf-sheaths unarmed and strongly
striate longitudinally, and not bearded at their mouths; in the ocrea being
short, truncate, and marcescent, and also without bristles; the leaflets in
this variety have the side nerves more distinct, and at times appear almost
3-costulate.

Hab, Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, leading to Angi lakes; scrambling in
forest at 7000’. ¢. Dec. 6143.

Catamvs Prartianus Bece., sp. nov.

Gracilis, scandens, caudice cire. 1 em. diam.; vaginis flagelliferis, spinis graci-
libus subsetiformibus densiuscule obsitis, in ore dense longiuscule hispido-barbatis ;
foliis non cirriferis, brevibus ; petiolo brevissimo; segmentis paucis, inequidistantibus,
sepe utrinque geminatis (non per greges remotos approximatis), anguste lanceolatis,
subulato-acuminatis, chartaceis, firmis, unicostatis, utrinque nudis vel superne in
costa media et in nervis secundariis duobus inconspicue remoteque spinulosis ;
segmentis intermediis 15-18 em. longis, 20-25 mm. latis, superioribus sensim
minoribus, duobus terminalibus basi liberis vel breviter unitis ; spadice d gracillimo,
elongato ; inflorescentiis partialibus paucis, brevibus, remotis, spicas paucas erecto-
patulas ferentibus; spicis majoribus 3 em. longis, flores 13-15 utrinque ferentibus,
remotiusculis, spathellis breviter lateque infundibularibus, truncatis. Cztera desunt.

Scandent and very slender. Sheathed stem about 1 cm.in diam. Lea/-
sheaths flagelliferous, not or but slightly gibbous above, rather densely
covered with scattered or slightly confluent bristle-like spines, becoming
closer and considerably longer and more hair-like near the mouths of the
same leaf-shaths and their ocrez, which latter are very short and on account
of these bristles look densely bearded. Leajf-sheath flagella very slender,
long, and armed irregularly with very minute scattered claws, Leaves non-
cirriferous, short (the few seen by me are 35 cm. long); petiole very short,
or almost obsolete; rhachis fugaciously rusty-furfuraceous, armed with a
line of solitary, rather long-tipped claws. Leaflets few, about 16 in all ;
very irregularly set, usually approximate in pairs on each side of the rhachis,
with irregular vacant spaces of rhachis interposed ; they are narrowly

98

lanceolate, gradually tubulately acuminate, papyraceous, rather rigid, almost
shiny and of about the same colour on both surfaces, have the mid-costa very
sharp above, and one or two slender secondary nerves on each side of it;
underneath they are quite smooth, but above have occasionally a few very
minute spinules on the mid-costa, and on a secondary nerve on each side
of it ; transverse veinlets much interrupted and not very sharp ; the margins
almost smooth, or very inconspicuously spinulous, more distinctly so at the
apex; the intermediate leaflets are 15-18 cm. long and 20-25 mm. wide,
the lowermost and the upper ones gradually smaller, the two terminal being
the smallest, free, or more or less connate at the base. Male spadix
flagelliform, very long and slender, with very few and distant partial
inflorescences ; primary spathes very narrowly tubular and elongate, very
closely sheathing, more or less armed with scattered small claws, the lowest
compressed with rather acute margins ; the others cylindraceous, somewhat
produced and lacerated at apex; partial inflorescences ascendent, rather
short, the lowest and largest about 10 cm. long with 5-6 spikelets on each
side ; secondary spathes very narrowly tubular-infundibuliform, or with a
flattened base, and slightly enlarged above, obliquely truncate at their
mouths, and there slightly produced at one side into a triangular point,
which embraces the bases of their respective spikelets ; spikelets spreading,
the largest (lowest) about 3 em. long, with 13-15 flowers on each side; the
upper are shorter, and have fewer flowers; spathels shallowly and broadly
infundibuliform, truncate, strongly striately-veined ; invelucre cupular,
obsoletely two-keeled and slightly two-toothed on the side next to the axis.
Male flowers ovoid, inserted at an angle of about 45°, not in contact with
each other, but separated by the blades of their respective spathels. Female
spadix and fruit unknown. :

Hab. Arfak Mts., near the Monswoon Snoon (¢ lake) at about 8000’.
Collected by Mr. A. E. Pratt.

It is closely related to C. arfikianus, from which it differs in the leaves
having unequidistant, but not distinctly grouped leaflets, on that account
resembling C. Muellert more than C. arfakianus. From C. Muelleri it differs
also in having larger spikelets, and having ascendant non-contiguous flowers.

C. Prattianus is characterized by its slender stem with cirriferous leaf-
sheaths and short non-cirriferous leaves; by the ocreze and the mouths of
the leaf-sheaths being furnished with long bristles ; by the lanceolate
unequidistant (but not distinctly grouped) and almost smooth leaflets ; by
the very slender and long-flagelliform male spadix having only a few partial
inflorescences furnished with but few spreading spikelets ; these have briefly
infundibular spathels and bear the flowers inserted at an angle of about 45°,
a little apart one from the other.

99

CENTROLEPIDACES.

CENTROLEPIS NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta perennis, densissime cespitosa, multifoliata. Folia basi vaginata, vagina
hyalina, margine longe pilosa, lamina lineare, canaliculata, leviter seabriuscula, obtusa.
Pedunculus gracilis, scabriusculus; glumis 2, inequalibus, calyptratis, margine
hyalinis, unifloris. Flores bractea unica hyalina stipati. Stamen 1. Ovarium
2-loculare, loculis 2, superpositis. Styli 2.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes. Abundant in marsh by 9 lake where
open on sand, 7000’. FL, Fr. Dee. 5566.—Koebré ridge, abundant on
open burnt summit, where damp, 9000’. Fl, Fr. 5646.

Plants 2-4 em. high, with branched stems, all densely matted with white
hairs at the base. Leaves 8 mm. long, with vagina 3 mm, long and 1 mm.
broad, the lamina 4mm. by 5 mm. Peduncle 1:5-1'8 em. in length, much
longer exserted in 5646, each bearing one spikelet, 4 mm. long. Glumes 2,
the largest 3°5 mm. long, and the smaller 3mm. Hyaline bract 4 mm. long,
ovate acute. Stamen with versatile anther 1 mm. in length; filament
3°35 mm. long. Ovary 1:5 mm. long. Styles 3 mm.

Very near C. philippinensis Merr., but is a smaller plant with shorter,
radially arranged, spreading leaves, hairy at the base, with, as far as seen,
one flower in each glume.

This interesting record affords further striking proof of the wider
distribution of a so-called Australian genus. One species alone was previvusly
known from Asia, viz. C. cambodiana Hance, till Merrill in 1906 found
C. philippinensis on Mt. Halcon at 2400 m. In 1910 !C. kinabaluensis was
found by me in N. Borneo, on Mt. Kinabalu at 13,000’, which now, with
the above, gives 4 well-defined Asiatic species, indeed 5, if an undescribed
plant in the Kew Herbarium should belong to this genus; and no doubt
further exploration of the magnificent mountain ranges of New Guinea with

their unlimited possibilities will yield many more.

1 CENTROLEPIS KINABALUENSIS Gibbs,=C. philippinensis W. B. Turrell, ex Gibbs
in Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot. xlii. (1914) 172 (non Merr.).

Planta perennis, 2-3 cm. alta, cespitosa. Folia disticha, imbricata, +1'2 cm. longa, vagina
6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, hyalina, glabra, lamina 8 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, obtusa, setosa.
Pedunculus 1:2 em. longus; glumis 2, inequalibus, inferne latis concavisque, superne angustatis,
apice obtusis, dorso carinatis, 45 mm. long. Flores 6-8, in quaque gluma 3-4, flos quisque
bractea hyalina, 3°5 mm. longa. Filamentwm 3 mm, longum, anthera 1°2 mm, longa. Ovarium
1:5 mm. longum, stylis 2 mm.

Hab. Kinabalu, granite core, summit, cracks in granite, forming mats. Fl, Fr. Feb. 4207.

A note of Turrell’s on the herbarium sheet at Kew states, “The number of flowers in a
spikelet varies in this plant. I have found 4, 6 or 8 flowers in one spikelet. The Philippine
type is described as having 4 flowers and all the flowers of Merrill 6160 that I have
dissected have this number in each spikelet.” The plant also differs in the glabrous
distichous leaves and the shape of the glumes, which have blunt apices.

100

XYRIDACER,
*Xyris PAUCIFLORA Wildm. Phytogr. i. 2, t. i. f. 1.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common in open marsh by ¢ lake. F., Fr.
Dec. 5928.
Distrib. India (“ Foot-hills of the Himalayas, in marshes, from Nepal
eastwards, N. Bengal to Burma,” Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi. 365), Ceylon,
Malay Peninsula, N. Borneo, Celebes, Philippines, and China, N.E. Australia.

HRiOcAuULACES. (A.B. RENDLE.)
ErI0cAULON LEUCOGENES! Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916)
240.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common on marsh by ¢ lake, where open and
sandy, 7000’. Fl. Dec. 5567.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

“Flower heads mauve.” The plants show a great range in size from
6 cm. to 20 cm., the heads varying in diameter from *5 to 1 cm.

Juncaceaz. (A. B. RENDLE.)
Junous tampocarpus Ebrh. Calam.n. 126; Rid]. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2,
Bot. ix. (1916) 231.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by @ lake, 7000’. FI. Dee. 5927.
Distrib. Temperate Europe and Asia, N. and E, Africa, Eastern N.
America, 8.E. Australia and New Zealand.

LILIACEA.

DIANELLA C@RULEA Sims, Bot. Mag. (1801) t. 505 ; Schum. & Laut. 219 ;
Nova Guinea, viii. (1914) 996 ; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot.
ix. (1916) 230.

Arfak Mts., in high forest below, and in open spaces on the 8.W. ridge,
running up to Angi lakes, also in open marsh by ? lake, 7000-8000’. I'l.
Dec. 5519.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup; D.S.W., Gelieb,
Brandenhorst; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Philippines, New Caledonia,
and Fiji; N.H. Australia’to Tasmania.

Acaulescent, and with light blue flowers.

LvuzuRIAGA ASPERICAULIS Hall. f. in Nova Guinea, viii. (1914) 991,
t. clxxxi.

Arfak Mts., twining in mossy forest on 8.W. ridge running up to Angi

? A species of Eriocaulon was also collected by Miss Gibbs on Mt. Kinabalu at 12,000’
(no. 4209) by Kadamaian torrent, on the granite core near the summit of the mountain;
it was mixed with Centrolepis kinabaluensis Gibbs (no. 4209) (see p. 99). It is a cxespitose
plant, forming small cushions 25 em, high, with glabrous leaves 2-2°5 em. long, +1 mm.
wide in the middle, linear-tapering from a broad membranous base, The specimens are all
sterile. No Eriocaulon has hitherto been recorded from the granite core of the mountain.

101

lakes, 8000-9000’. Fl. Dec. 5536.—Common in forest slopes by ? lake,
7000’. Fl, Fr. 5744.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gijellerup).

A common and very pretty twiner with white flowers. The fruit, which
was not available in Dr. Gjellerap’s specimens, is a roundish berry, 8mm. long
by 6 mm. broad, 1-2-seeded, with persistent style and remains of perianth-
tube at the base.

IRIDACES.

PATERSONIA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta perennis ; caulis brevissimus. Folia circiter 5-8, scapum zequantia vel
superantia, disticha, linearia, rigida, acutissima, in marginibus dense rufo-pilosa,
tenuiter multistriata. Spathe subequales, lineari-oblonge, acutissime, carinate
(carina ad % rufo-pilosa vel glabra) striate, scarioso-marginate. Bractee spathis
similes nisi magis membranacew necnon angustiores brevioresque, ad apicem piloso-
marginate vel glabre. Flores in spatha 2-3, sessiles; tubus gracillimus, vix exsertus;
lobi exteriores obovati, patentes, in carina dorsali ad apicem dense barbati, interiores
nulli. Filamenta in tubum integrum connata. Stylus superne, leviter incrassatus ;
lobi stigmatici lineari-oblongi, papillosi.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, plentiful on open burnt summit, 9000’.
Fl., Fr. Dec. 5600.

A small rigid plant, with gleaming white or pale mauve flowers, + 1-3-5 dm.
in height. Leaves from 1:2-3°5 dm. by 5-6 mm., characterized by a line of
matted branched hairs, containing brown colouring-matter, up the dorsal
keel, and from the vagina to the apex on the adaxial margin of the leaf.
Sheathing scales at the base of the leaves from 3°5 cm. long, lanceolate acute,
brown, the old bases persisting round the stem. Svape 7°3 cm. long, more
or less exserted from the sheathing leaves, which it exceeds or equals, or it
may be shorter. Spathes 3°8cm. by 5mm. Perigonium tube 2 em. long,
lobes 8 mm. long, including apical tuft of hairs 1mm. long. Anthers 3mm.
Stigma-lobes 2 mm.

This species is near P. Lowii Stapf. It differs in the somewhat broader
leaves with marginal line of brown hairs and the generally white corollas
with an apical tuft of hairs to each lobe. The transverse section of the leaf
shows many more fibro-vascular strands and is more attenuated at the margin
than in the above species. There is also no trace of an inner perianth, as
Stapf also found for the Kinabalu plant. The marginal line of matted
branched hairs is cominon to some Australian species, viz. P. sericea R. Br,
and P. pygmea Lindl., but in every case apparently the hairs are hyaline
and much finer in texture. ne :

This genus, for many years supposed to be endemic in Australia, now

includes three Malayan mountain types, viz. P. borneensis Stapf and P. Lowii
from Mt. Kinabalu in N. Borneo, the latter also common to Mt. Halcon in

the Philippines, and the above.

102

ZINGIBERACEA. (TH. VALETON.)

ALPINIA ARFAKENSIS K. Sch. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. (1899) 296.

Var. SUBSESSILIS Val., var. nov.

Folia subsessilia minora, glaberrima, siccando valde convoluta coriacea. Ligula
20 mm. longa vel longior, valde macerata. -Anthere appendicula magna truncata,
canaliculata. Cetera genuine.

Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, common, 7000’. FIl., Fr. Dee. 5524, 5983 bis.
“ Plant 1-1°50 m. in height, with pink flowers and white fruit.”

This specimen answers so excellently to the description of A. arfakensis
K. Sch., which I have not seen, only differing in tle length of the petiole
and ligula, that I think it must be a variety of it. There is, however, a large
crista to the anther, as broad as the anther itself, and therefore easily over-
looked. Schumann’s description, “connectivi appendicula 0,’ must be a
lapsus, the flowers being too like one another to admit of so great a difference
in the anther.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Hatam, Beccari).

ALPLNIA DOMATIFERA Val. in Nova Guinea, viii. (1913) 955.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 8.W. ridge, common, 7000-8000’. Fl., Fr. Dee.
5980.—Lower high forest. 5000’. Fl. (red), 6132. Fl. (white), 6131.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., 2400’, Gjellerup).

RIEDELIA MONTANA Val., var. ARFAKENSIS Val. |. c. 972.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in forest by 2 lake, 7000'. Fl. Dec. 5517.—
Koebré ridge, 9000’; common on burnt open summit. 5612.

Most variable in the colour of the flowers.

RIEDELIA MONTANA Var. PUBERULA Val., var. nov.
Ligula, rhachis, dentes calycis puberula, cetera genuine.
Arfak Mts., common in marsh by 9 lake. Dec. 5515.

RIEDELIA EXALATA Val., sp. nov. ;

Herba glabra. Folia subsessilia, lineari- lanceolata, valde acuminata, basi
angustata, costa canaliculata, glaberrima, 200 x 22 mm. longa. Ligula brevissima
(1 mm.), lobis rotundatis, puberulis. Racemus gracilis-laxiflorus, 85 mm. longus.
Flores graciliter pedicellati (pedic. 2-38 mm. longi). Calyx brevis, tubulosus,
superne dilatatus, dorso brevissime fissus, bilobus vel subtrilobus, lobis brevibus
rotundatis, exalatus, nervoso-striatus. Corolle tubus inclusus ; lobus dorsalis apice
acute cucullatus, ceteros includens. Labellum alte partitum ; lobi oblique truncati
obtusi, lobulo laterali angusto. Filamentum breve, anthere connectivo lato, apice
‘emarginato.

Hab. Arfuk Mts., Koebré ridge, in forest, 8500’. Fl. Dee. 5637.

This species has much resemblance to R. orchioides, but the flowers —
are smaller, the inflorescence is more laxiflorous, and the calyx has no
wings ; it is nearest to Ht. urceolata Val. (vide Engl. Bot. Jal-rb. lii.

(1914) 83).

103

RiEDELIA LANATA (Scheff.) Val. Nova Guinea, ]. e. 961; Icones Bogor. iv.
tab. 374. Hedychium lanatum Scheff. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. i.
(1867) 57. Riedelia curviflora Oliv. in Te. Plant, t. 1419 (1883).
Nanochilus arrovicus Gagnep. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 4° série, i. Ixxxi
(1901).

Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, growing in masses at the base of the forest,

7000’. Fl. Dee. 5645.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Doré, Teysmann; Arfak Mts., Gjellerup ;

D.S.W., Noord River, Versteeg, von Roemer). Moluccas, Burn.

RrepeL1a orcHIorpES (K. Sch.) Val. Nova Guinea, ]. ¢. 976. Alpinia
orchioides K. Sch. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. (1899) 278.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant in open marsh by 9 lake. Fl. Dee.
5526.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts. near Hatam, Beccari,
July 1871).

BURMANNIACEA,

BuRMANNIA LONGIFOLIA Becc. Malesia, i. 244, t. xiii. figs. 1-5; Nova Guinea,
viii. (1909) 195, (1912) .895; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot.
ix. (1916) 228.
Arfak Mts., epiphytic in forest by 2 lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee. 5675.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; Goliath Mts.,
De Kock; Cyclops Mts., Gjellerup ; D.S.W., Johannes Keyts Mts., Le
Cocq d’Armandville, Resi-Riicken, Versteeg; Hellwig Mts., von Roemer ;
Mt. Carstensz, Kloss ; S.E. (Sogeri region, Forbes, Brit. Mus.). Philippines,
Borneo, Amboina, Malay Peninsula.

Burmannta pisticHa L. Sp. Pl. 287; Ridl. in Trans, Linn. Soe. ser. 2,

Bot. ix. (1916) 228.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant on open marsh by ¢ lake, 7000’. Fi.

Dec. 5745.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). India, Ceylon,

Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra. Banca, Philippines, E. Australia.
A charming plant, up to 1 m. in height, with mauve-white or mauve
flowers ; also abundant in open spaces at 8000’ on S.W. ridge running up

to Angi lakes.
: CORSIACE.
Corstd ORNATA Bece. Malesia, i. 239, tab. ix. ; Nova Guinea, viii. (1909)
197, (1912) 893; Ridl.in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix, (1916) 228.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, saprophytic in humus, in forest patch by ¢ lake.
Fl., Fr. Dee. 5570.

104

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Mt. Morait, N. Coast, Beccari; Resi
Riicken, Versteeg; Cyclops Mts., Gjellerup; D,S8.W., Hellwig Mts., von
Roemer ; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

This plant, wine-red in colour, was dotted about in little colonies, chiefly
at the base of trees ; the erect stems, of equal height, were all horizontally
inclined in one direction. The callosities at the base of the medium sepal
are arranged as described for C. cordata Schtr. rather than as figured for
C. ornata ; but this is possibly a varying feature, as in Kloss’s specimens
they are not present at all.

FIG. (s

Corsia arfakensis Gibbs.—A. Flower; B. Nat. position; C,D. Lateral outer and inner
perianth segments; E. Stamen; F. Q stage; G. ¢ stage (C, urnata, two anthers
fallen off).

CoRSIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba terrestris, saprophytica, perennis. Rhizoma stoloniferam, nodosum.
Radices filiformes, glabre. Caulis strictus, glaber, 4-angulatus, vaginis 4-5
amplectentibus, uniflorus. Bractea ovata, acuta, laxe vaginante, ovario circa zequi-
longa. Flos horizontalis. Sepalwm intermedium dorsale ovato-cordatum, sub-
acutum, ima basi nectario hemisphzrico, apice emarginata ornatum, 17-18 lamellatum,
lamellis copiose ciliatis; sepala lateralia hastato-ligulata, obtusa, margine minute
papillosa, Stamina 6, ovarii apici inserta; filamenta crasso-subulata; anthere
apice rotundate, filamentis wquales. Stylus cylindricus, glaber, post anthesin
elongatus. Stigma trilobum, demum incrassato-carnosum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, saprophytic on dead wood in high forest,
6000". Fl. Dee. 6147.

‘

105

This plant is brown-green in colour, 1-5-2 dm, in height. It is larger in
all its parts than C. ornata, and the flowers showed the same horizontal
position. Middle sepal 1:3 cm. long from the centre and 1-8 cm. long from
the lobes, by 1°5 cm. broad, the lamelli on the veins at the base being 2 mm.
long and 1 mm. broad ; the lateral sepals are 1-2 em. long, 2°5 mm. broad
at the base and 1 mm. in the ligulate upper portion; the outer perianth
segments are somewhat shorter and narrower at the hastate base. Stamens
2mm. long. In anthesis the style is undeveloped, and the stamens, more or
less erect, close over it ; as these mature they deflex (fig. 7, G, 3 stage),
until in the ? stage (fig. 7, F) the anthers are shed, the persistent filaments
curling round the base of the mature elongated style, the stigma becoming
fleshy and 3-lobed.

This species is nearest to C. ornata, but is distinct from all Corsias so far
described in the hastate base to the lateral perianth segments,

The remarkable protandry characterizing this genus was suggested by
J.J. Smith (/. ¢. 197), but he had not sufficient material to be quite certain
on this point, The above description is based entirely on formalin material,
but only the two flowers figured were available in this case. My abundant
formalin material of C. ornata, however, quite confirms this point, and the
stage in the position of the anthers is drawn from that.

ORrcHIDAcEZ. (J. J. Smiru.)

The collection of Orchids is a rather extensive one; it totals up 83

numbers, representing 57 species and varieties, amongst which are 20 new

species and 4 new varieties.

Remarkable is the occurrence of Spathoglottis aurea Lind|l.—that is to
say, the plant I described in “ Die Orchideen von Java” under this name—
in New Guinea. This species hasalso been collected in Sumatra. However,
I have seen no authentic specimens of S. aurea, and, indeed, the description
of S. Wrayi Hook. f. suits the plants better.

Phajus flavus Lindl. has now been collected by Miss Gibbs in much larger
specimens than those of Gjellerup : the variety may hardly be upheld.

Platanthera elliptica J. J. 8. has been collected in 11 numbers. One of
these agrees with the type-specimens, only it is larger. The remainder
represent two forms, the one tall with a proportionally short spur to the lip,
the other a smaller plant with a larger spur.

PLATANTHERA ELLIPTICA J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Buit. 2° sér. n, xiii. (1914)
53; in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 177, t. lv. 90.
Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge between g and ¢ lakes, on burnt open

summit plateau, 9000’. Fl. Dec. 5602.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Wichmann Mts., Pulle).

106

Var. ELATIOR J. J. S8., var. nov.

Folia radicalia petiolata, elliptica, breviter acuminata (semper?) ¢. 5-9'5 em.
longa, 1°5-3:2 em. lata, petiolo c. 2-25 cm. longo. Pedunculus ce. 27-387 cm.
longus, vaginulis ec. 3-4 foliaceis patentibus sessilibus oblongo-ellipticis ad lanceolatis
leviter ovatis in bracteas vergentibus inferioribus c. 4°2-7°5 em. longis 1-2°3 em.
latis donatus; rhachis c. 9-16 ecm, longa, laxe ec. 7-13-flora. Labelli lamina
ec. 0:42 em. longa; calcar ovario brevius, lamina paulo longius, c. 0°65 em. longum.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in forest, 6000-7000’. FI., Fr.
Dec. 5659, 5665, 5711, and 6139.

Var. LONGICALCARATA J.J. 8., var. nov.

Folia radicalia petiolata, plus minusve ovato-elliptica, brevissime acuminata,
e. 8-5 cm. longa, 1°3-2 em. lata, petiolo c. 0-6-2 cm. longo. Pedunculus 12°5-
21 em. longus, vaginulis foliaceis c. 3-4 patentibus sessilibus oblongo- ad lanceolato-
ovatis in bracteas vergentibus inferioribus ¢. 2°6-4:2 em. longis donatus; rhachis
c. 8:25-6'5 em. longa, c. 8-7-flora. Labelli lamina c. 0°5 cm. longa, calear ovarium
zequans, laminam multo superans, c. 1:15 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in forest, 7000’. Fl., Fr. Dec.
5685, 5686, 5687, 5988, 6014, and 6140.

Amongst the eleven numbers of this species collected, only one (viz. n. 5602)
is in habit very much like the type. The compact growth of both plants is
probably due to the fact that they were found in open ground, whereas the
other ones grew in the shade of the forest.

The remaining ten numbers readily may be divided into two series—the
one characterized by a tall stem and a short spur, the other by distinctly
shorter stem and a much longer spur.

The flowers of all are green.

PERISTYLUS GOODYEROIDES Lind]. Gen. et Sp. Orch. (1835) 299; in Nova
Guinea, xii. (1915) 178.
Arfak Mts., Momi river, near old “campong” site, in “lalang,”
inundation area. Fl. Dec. 6129.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lake, Gjellerup). Malay
Archipelago, India.

STIGMATODACTYLUS ?, sp. nov.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by @ lake, edge of forest, ter-
restrial, 7000’. Fr. Dec. 5891. :

Only in fruit, but apparently belonging to this genus.

(SRYPTOSTYLIS ARFAKENSIS J. J. S. in Fedde Rep. xi. (1913) 553 ; in Nova
Guinea, xii. (1915) 183, t. lix. 97.
Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial in moss in forest,
7000’. Fl. Dee. 5522.
Distrib, New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).
Probably belonging here, but leaves much smaller than in the type-
specimen, “ Labellum red, with green perianth.”

107

Erirocum nurays Rchb. f. in Bonplandia, v. (1857) 36; ete.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, saprophytic amongst bracken, on bank by 9 lake,
7000’. Fl. (white). Dec. 5949.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Giriwo River, Janowsky ; N.E.). Tropical
Asia and Australia.

PreRosTYLts PAPUANA Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1899, 112; J. J.8. in Nova
Guinea, xii. (1915) 185, t. Ixi. 99.

Var. ARFAKENSIS J. J. §., var. nov.

Caulis c. 4cm. longus, c. 5-folius. Folia patentia, petiolata, ovata, acuta, basi
rotundata, costa media dorso carinata, laxe reticulato-venosa, ¢. 0°95-2 em. longa,
0'8-1-4 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina ec. 1:1-1:8 em. longus ; folium
summum ellipticum et brevius petiolatum. Inflorescentia erecta, 1-flora, pedunculo
c. 9 cm. longo, vaginulis 2 sessilibus erectis bractew similibus ¢. 1-1:1 em. longis
donato. Bractea erecta, adpressa, foliacea, ovata, acutiuscula, c. 1°15 em. longa.
Flos erectus. Sepalum dorsale erectum, incurvum, valde concavum, inferne
longitudine c. 0:55 cm. gynostemio adnatum, ovatum, sensim longe acuminatum,
acutum, mucronatum, carinatum, c. 9-1l-nervium, ¢. 2°85 cm. longum, 1:1 em.
latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia angusta ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, ultra —
apicem pedis gynostemii longitudine c. 0°6 em. inter se connata, oblique oblonga,
longe caudato-acuminata, concava, cauda canaliculata, c. 7—8-nervia, supra apicem
~ pedis gynostemii c. 2 em. longa, parte lata 1:3 cm. longa, 0°47 em. lata. Petala
lacinia angusta ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, oblique lanceolata, acuta, sub-
falcata, margine superiore in 2? partibus supra basin obtusangula et irregulariter
marginata, inferne oblique cuneato-angustata, supra basin ce. 5-nervia, tota c. 2°3 em.
longa, 0°67 cm. lata, parte pedi gynostemii adnata c. 0°35 cm. longa. Labellum
pedi gynostemii insertum, erectum, apice recurvum, inexplanatum, gynostemio paulo
brevius, subovato-lanceolatum, apicem versus sensim angustatum, anguste obtusum,
basi obtusum, convexum, plica longitudinali supra costato-prominente subtus
canaliculata instructum, papillosum, e. 5-nervium, appendice basilari cum labello
angulum obtusum faciente lineari incurva apice in lacinias e. 3 crenulatas diver-
gentes divisa c. 0°27 em. longa, explanatum e. (1:175 cm. longum, infra medium
0-325 em. latum. Gynostemium erectum, elongatum, gracile, in bene } parte
supra basin obtusangule incurvum, inferne sepalo dorsali adnatum, bene } parte
superiore late alatum, alis parallelis e basi semicuneata abrupte oblique quadrangulo-
dilatatis, postice in laciniam conspicuam reversam triangulam obtusam productis,
margine antico incurvis ciliatisque, angulo antico in appendicem subulatam pro-
ductis, eum appendicibus ¢. 0°625 cm. longis, apice gynostemii late semi-elliptico
obtuso valde concavo, cum anthera c.1‘5cm. longum. <Anthera erecta, cucullata,
quadrangula, selliformis, apice bilobula cum apiculo brevi obtuso, basi 4-lobula,
c. 0-15 em. longa. Stigma ce. 4 partem medianam gynostemii occupans, longi-
tudinale, c. 0-43 em. longum. Pes gynostemii cum gynostemio angulum acutum
faciens, linearis, % partibus inferioribus sepalis lateralibus petalisque adnatus,
ceterum liber, ce. 0°5 em. longus. Ovarium 6-angulatum, in angulis parcissime

dentatum, ¢. 1:35 em. longum; pedicellus tenuior, ¢. 2°7 em. longus.
K

108

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial under edge of forest patch by
2 lake, 7000’. FI. Dee. 5713 and 5890.

This differs from the plant collected by Mr. G. M. Versteeg in the valley
between the Hubrecht and Wichmann Mts. in being smaller in all its parts,
especially in the flower, the somewhat more acuminate dorsal sepal, more
angular petals, and longer pedicel. I do not think the plants are specifically
distinct.

The flowers are said to be pink.

Sprrantuss (?) papuaANA Schitr. Orch. D. Neu-Guinea, (1911) 46.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by @ lake, on gravel, 7000’. FI.
Dec. 5673.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

The material consists of two very small plants. Schlechter’s description
suits it better than my S. angustilabris There are two conspicuous scales at
the base of the lip, which, however, so far as I have seen, are not hairy.

The petals are more acute than in S. angustilabris and the lip is much
broader and 3-nerved. The dorsal sepal is 1-nerved, whereas it has three
nerves in S. angustilabris.

The colour of the flowers is white.

GoopyeEra (§ EvugoopyERA) ARFAKENSIS J. J. S., sp. nov.

Caulis pars erecta c. 9 em. longa, c. 5-folia, inferne vaginata. Folia patentia,
oblongo- ad lanceolato-ovata, sensim acuminata, acuta, 5-nervia, laxissime reticulato-
venosa, costa media et presertim venis transversis in sicco albis, mediana maxima ad
c. 3°4-3°8 cm. longa, 1-1:1 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina tubulosa
ce. 1:2-1°3 em. longus. Inflorescentia erecta, densius multiflora, pedunculo grossius
pubescenti, c. 5°3 cm. longo, vaginulis 2 foliaceis in bracteas vergentibus donato, —
rhachide parce puberula, c. 5°5 cm. longa. Bractee adpresse, subulate, acute, basi
dilatate ciliolateque, concave, 1-nervie, ¢. 1-05 em. longe. Flores patentes,
parvi, glabri. Sepalwm dorsale ovatum, obtusum, concavum, 1-nervium, c. 0°26 em.
longum, 0°16 em. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovata, obtusa, concava, 1-nervia,
c. 0°275 em. longa, 0°15 cm. lata. Petala sepalo dorsali agglutinata, oblique
spathulato-ligulata, falcata, obtusa, superne irregulariter marginata, concava, 1-
nervia, c. 0°275 cm. longa, superne 0075 em. lata. Labellum cum gynostemio
angulum acutum faciens, magnam partem rotundato-saccatum, lamina obtusangule
recurva, concavula, subtus convexa, subtus longitudinaliter sulcatum, 1-nervium,
c. 0°26 cm. longum, explanatum late subovato-triangulum, 0:26 em. longum, fere
0°3 cm. latum, sacco marginibus latis exceptis carnosulo et in utraque parte coste
mediz muricibus ¢. 12 adsperso, sensim in laminam triangulo-semiorbicularem
obtusam c. 0°07 em. longam, 0:1 cm. latam producto. Gynostemium rectum, dorso
convexum, dorso visum rhombeum, ¢. 0°15 em. longum, clinandrio cucullato.
Anthera cucullata, cordata, obtuse acuminata, ¢. 0-1 em. longa. Rostellum falcato-
bidentatum. Stigma majusculum, transverse ovali-obreniforme, margine inferiore
rotundatum. Ovariwm 6-suleatum, apice leviter attenuatum, glabrum, bene 0:4 cm.
longum.

109

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 2 lake, creeping in humus,
1000") HI Dee. * 6571: :

This species, belonging to the section Eugoodyera, is easily recognized by
the markings of the leaves and the floral characters.

The flowers are white.

Evoosta (?) papuana Schltr. Orch. D. Neu-Guinea, (1911) 76.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by ¢ lake, creeping in humus,
7000". Fr. Dec. 5666 and 5573.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

I think this is Eucosia papuana Schltr., though the description shows
slight differences, The Arfuk specimens, however, were in fruit,

Ca@LoGyNE AspERata Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iv. (1849) 221; ete.
Manokoeari. Said by Mr. van Hasselt to have been collected at the
Mamberano river ; flowered at Residency. Fl. Jan, 6232.
Ihstrib. New Guinea, Halmaheira, Borneo, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula,
Philippines.

Puasus TANKERVILLIE Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. (1852) 177 ; ete.
Var. PAPUANUS J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 203.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, marshy ground by 9 lake, 7000’. FI. Dee,
5539.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Gyjellerup).

Puagsvs Fruavus Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 128; ete.

Var. papuanus J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 205,

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in forest patch by Q lake, 7000’. Fl.
Dec. 5682 and 5952.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gjellerup).

The material is much more robust than the specimen collected by

Gjellerup.

*SpaTHOGLOTTIS AUREA Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. 16 ; ete.
Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial, open slopes,

7000: Fl. Dee. 6116.

Distrib. Java, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula.

The material on hand was not very satisfactory. I could not distinguish
it from S. aurea Lindl., only the petals were a little broader ; otherwise it

agrees exactly with the Javanese material I have seen.

Microstyzis (§ Creeipium) propucta J.J. 8., sp. nov.

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante adscendens, parte adscendente e. 3 em. longa,
c. 5-folia. Folia oblique lanceolata, sensim angustata, acuta, minute undulata, costa
media subtus carinata, ad c. 4°6 em. longa, sicco 0°7 em. lata ; petiolus canaliculatus,

cum vagina c. 0-4-1°4 em. longus, supremus brevissimus. a obse ipso mada laxe
: KZ

110

multiflora, pedunculo c. 7°8 em. longo, angulato, c. 2 vaginulas bracteiformes gerente,
rachide angulata, 3°5 cm. superante. Bractee reflexe, lanceolato-triangule, acute,
concavule, l-nervie, ad c. 0-4 em. longe. Flores (macerati) bene 0-6 cm. longi,
sepalis petalisque patentissimis, recurvis, convexis. Sepalum dorsale ovato-ovale,
obtusum, 1-nervium cum nervulo 1 rudimentario utrinque (semper?), ¢. 0°3 em.
longum, 0°225 em. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovata, obtusa, valde convexa,
l-nervia, c. 0°27 em. longa, 0°18 em. lata. -Petala ligulata, basin versus leviter
angustata, apice retusa, l-nervia, c. 0°3 cm. longa, 0°08 em. lata. Labellum hippo-
crepidiforme, 3-lobum, fovea oblongo-ovali incrassatione lata convexa circumdata,
explanatum c. 0°35 em., cum auriculis 0°52 cm. longum, 0°36 em. latum, lobis
lateralibus patentissimis, late triangulis, vix productis, obtusis, lobo intermedio
producto, oblongo-subtriangulo fere quadrangulo, apicem versus angustato, fere ad
medium in lacinias contiguas oblongas obtusas bifido, c. 0°22 em. longo, basi
0:175 em. lato, dente 1 patente cum lobo medio angulum rectum faciente anguste
triangulo subacuto lobis lateralibus vix breviore utrinque inter lobos, auriculis
oblique triangulis, obtusis vel subacutis, c. 0°17 cm. longis. Gymnostemium breve,
a dorso compressum, ambitu quadrangulum, apicem versus dilatatum, dorso con-
vexum, ¢c. 0°075 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, auriculis divergentibus, oblique
oblongo-quadrangulis, oblique truncatis, subretusis. Anthera cucullata, transverse
ovali-reniformis, apice rotundata, c. 0°06 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, in corpuscula 2 com-
pressa obovata unita, ce. 0°03 longa. Rostellum auriculis vix brevius, late retusum.
Ovarium pedicellatum curvatum, 6-costatum, c. 0°45 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest pateh by @ lake, anne in humus,
7000’. Dee. 5677.

Flowers yellow. A distinct species with the mid-lobe staat.

Microstyiis (§ HERPETHORHIZIS) GRANDIFLORA J. J.S., sp. nov.

Rhizoma repens, elongatum, radicans, omnino vaginis sese amplectentibus’
tectum, radicibus pubescentibus. Caules remoti, erecti, c. 65-7 em. longi,
c. 7-folii, foliis infimis vix laminam gerentibus. Folia erecto-patentia, oblique
elliptica ad lonceolato-elliptica, interdum subovata, acuminata, acuta, minute
undulata, nervis 8-5 majoribus curvatis dorso prominentibus, ad ce. 7-7°5 cm.
longa, 2°7-2-4 cm. lata; petiolus latus, cum vagina ad 3°4cm. longus. Inflores-
centia erecta, laxe multiflora, pedunculo angulato, bene 10 em. longo, vaginulam
1 bracteiformem gerente, rhachide angulata, c. 11-18 em. longa. Bractee. reflex,
lanceolato-triangule, acute, concave, l-nervie, ce. 0°75 cm. longe. Flores in
genere magni, quaquaversi, macerati c. 15 em. longi. Sepalwm dorsale deorsum
spectans, oblongum, apicem versus leviter dilatatum, obtusum, convexum, 5- vel
subquinquenervium, ¢. 0-9 cm. longum, 0-4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique
reflexa, oblique ovali-oblonga, superne leviter dilatata, valde convexa, apice recurva,
obtusa, c. 0°77 em. longa, 0°425 cm. lata. Petala reflexa, ligulata, obtusa, retusa,
convexa, 3-nervia, 0-8 cm. vix superantia, 0°25 cm. lata. Labellwm magnuin,
erectum, convexum, dorso basi convexa excepta concavum, biauriculatum, sub-
trilobum, fovea majuscula, altiuscula, margine incrassato U-formi cruribus in labelli
partem anticam convexam decurrente, in utraque parte fovee costa convexa addita,
costa media medio incrassata itaque labellum medio 5-costatum, 3- supra basin
5-nervium, nervis exterioribus valde ramosis, explanatum ambitu quinquangulare,

111

absque auriculis subsemiorbiculare, apice in lobum medium acuminatum, ec. 0°8 em.,
totum bene 1 cm. longum, 0-9 em. latum, lobis lateralibus rotundatis, breviter
triangulo- basin versus repando-dentatis, dentibus c. 7-8 utrinque, lobo intermedio
incurvulo, triangulo, obtuso, brevissime obtuse 2-dentato, c. 0°24 em. longo, 0°3 em.
lato, auriculis breviusculis, valde remotis, oblique triangulis, acutis obtusisve,
c. O°2 em. longis. Gymnostemium a dorso compressum, apice dilatatum, ambitu
oblongo-quadrangulum, ¢. 0°3 em. longum, clinandrio concavo, cum parte inferiore
gynostemii angulum obtusum faciente, auriculis divergentibus,. obtusis, plus minusve
retusis. Anthera erecta, reniformis, apicem versus angustata, obtusa, emarginata, -
¢. 0125 cm. lata. Rostellum auriculas wequans, latum, retusum, lobulis obtusis.
Stigma angulatum. Ovariwm pedicellatum leviter sigmoideum, 6-costatum, ¢. 0°7 em.
longum. Fructus erectus.

flab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest slopes by “‘campong” 9 lake,
Fl, Fr. Dec. 5595 and 5652.

This species belongs to Schlechter’s section Herpethorhizis. From
M. distans Schltr. and M. megalantha Schitr., it differs in the form of the
lip, especially in the very short auricles and the shortly dentate mid-lobe.
The flowers are as large as those of I. megalantha, but the mid-lobe is
conspicuously produced.

The colour of the flowers is described as green ; in the dried plant the
lip is dark sepia.

Lrparis (§ RHAcHIDIBULBOoN) Lacus J. J. S., sp. nov.

Rhizoma repens, vaginis accrescentibus tectum, vagina ultima maxima, foliacea,
tubulosa, ad c. 3°75 em. longa. Pseudobulbi ad c. 3 cm. distantes. Folia 2,
ovata, acuminata, acuta, curvinervia, parce transverse venosa, costa media dorso
prominente, siceco membranacea, ce. 4°5-6 cm. longa, 2°75-3°5 cm. lata; petiolus
late canaliculatus, cum vagina pseudobulbum amplectente c. 2—2°75 em. longus
Intorescentia terminalis, erecta, dense multiflora, pedunculo ec. 4—4°3 cm. longo
basi in pseudobulbum ovatum carnosum ¢. 1-6—2°2 cm. longum incrassato, rhachide
c. 09-14 cm. longa. Bractee subulate, acute, l-nervie, c. 1:2 cm. longe,
basi 0°27 late. Flores vagi. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, sensim acu-
minatum, acutum, convexum, 3-nervium, c. 0°925 cm. longum, 0°35 em. latum.
Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-ovata, sensim acuminata, 3- supra basin 5-nervia,
costa media dorso prominente, dorsali «quilonga. Petala linearia, apicem versus
sensim angustata, acuta, 1-nervia, ¢. 0°825 cm. longa, basi O'l em. lata. Labellum
porrectum, leviter sigmoideum, valde concavum, subtus convexum, apice pellucido-
punctatum, erosulum, intus supra basin callo U-formi postice rotundato antice
sensim evanescente donatum, fascia longitudinali Jineari convexa apicem versus
decrescente ultra medium labelli producta minutissime papilloso-rugulosa inter
erura calli ante callum excavationem subsemiorbicularem reliquente, 3-nervium,
explanatum angulato-ovatum, leviter cordulatum, lobulis basilaribus angulato-
rotundatis, apice abrupte triangulo-acuminatum, c. 0°85 cm. longum, 07 cm.
latum. Gynostemium breve, latum, bene curvatum, ambitu oblongo-quadran-
gulum, apice truncatum, basi lata truncatum, dorso convexum et apice longi-
tudinaliter bicostatum, subtus concavum, absque anthera c. 0°25 cm. longum,

112

clinandrio parvo, concavo cum costula longitudinali in rostellum decurrente, auriculis
obtusis. Anthera cucullata, longe ultra thecas producta, ambitu subquadrangula
vel melius 7-angula, apice abrupte subulato-acuminata, basi truncata, c. 0-14 em.
‘longa, connectivo in costulam longitudinalem incrassato, thecis suborbicularibus.
Pollinia 4, geminata, lateraliter compressa, triangula, extus convexa. Ovarium
pedicellatum 6-costatum, c. 0°9 em. longum. Capsula oblongo-obovoidea, basi
acuta, c. 1-1 em. longa, pedicello e. 1:1 em. longo.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 2 lake, edge of forest in
humus, terrestrial, 7000’. Fl., Fr. Dee. 5689.

The first species of the section Rhachidibulbon recorded from New Guinea.
It much resembles L. brevistylis J. J. 8. (2. montana Lindl. var., brevistyiis
J, 0: Bide

Flowers green with a brown labellum.

Liparis (§ PLatycaiius ?) Gipsstm J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Rhizoma repens, radicans, teres, vaginis magnis ad ¢. 3°25 cm. longis tectum.
Pseudobulbi ¢. 2°5 em. distantes, cum rhizomate angulum anguste acutum facientes,
sicco tenues, teretes, ¢. 2°5 em. longi, 1-folii, basi nonnullis vaginis magnis acute
acuminatis ad c. 4 cm. longis cincti. Folzwm inarticulatum, erectum, lanceolatum,
acuminatum, acutum, basi sensim in petiolum angustatum, nervis 5 majoribus subtus
prominentibus, siceo membranaceum, ec. 9°75-10°5 em. longum, 2°1—2°25 em. latum ;
petiolus canaliculatus, nervosus, c. 2°5-4 em. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo
maturo terminalis, folio brevior, satis multiflora, pedunculo ¢. 4°5 em. longo, vaginula
angusta acuta c. 2°75 em. longa ad basin, rhachide fractiflexa, ¢. 6cm. longa. Bractee
adpressz, lanceolato-triangule, acutissimx, concave, 1-nervie, ad c. 0°55 cm. longe.
Flores c. 16, quaquaversi, patentes, sepalis patentissimis, convexis. Sepalum dorsale
oblongum, superne angustatum, obtusum, 3-nervium, costa media dorso apicem versus
prominente, ¢. 0°65 cm. longum, 0°25 em. latum. Sepala lateralia divergentia,
oblique oblonga, faleatula, obtusa, vix apiculata, 3-nervia, costa media dorso pro-
minente, ¢. 0°67 em. longa, 0°3 em. lata. Petala reflexa, linearia, obtusa, basi
leviter oblique dilatata, leviter convexa, 1-nervia, c. 0°57 cm. longa, medio 0-06 em.
lata. Labellum porrectum, cum gynostemio angulum acutum faciens, basi gyno-
stemio adnatum, in utraque parte canalicule late longitudinalis convexum, subtus
convexum, e basi contracta quadrangula sensim dilatatum, 2-lobum, obcordatum,
lobis remotis obtusis grosse crenatis cum lobulo brevi obtuso in sinu, basi contracta
excepta ciliolatum, 3-nervium, nervis exterioribus ramosis, callo majusculo antice
dentes 2 erectos parallelos falcato-triangulos acutiusculos utrosque basi antice in
costulam brevem exeuntes gerente in basi, explanatum c. 0°67 cm. longum, antice
0-45 em. latum, parte contracta c. 0-2 em. longa, 0°275 em. lata. G, ynostemium
superne valde hamato-incurvum, dorso convexum, basi valde dilatatum, medio labello
adnatum, ovario multo latius, ¢. 0°32 cm. longum, basi 0°17 em. latum, clinandrio
concavo, intus ad basin rostelli dente acuto instructo, auriculis subquadrangulis
Anthera cucullata, transverse quadrangulo-ovalis, apice truncata, basi emarginat:
bidentata. Stigma obverse rotundato-triangulum, margine elevatum. Ovarius.
6-suleatum, cum pedicello c. 0-4 em. longum, curvatum. :

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 3? lake, epiphyte in forest
7000’. Dee. 5082 and 5897.

113

This species belongs to the group on which Schlechter bases his sections
Platychilus and Genychilus. It is well-marked by its strongly curved column
and the form of the lip, with a bidentate callus at the base.

The flowers are described as green with a brown or creamy-brown
labellum.

Giomera (§ Evctomera) simtuis J. J.S., sp. nov.

Caules elongati, laxe ramosi, compressi, sectione transversa elliptici, pars adest
43 cm. longa, internodiis ad c. 3 cm. longis, 0°23 em. latis, superne decrescentibus.
Folia erecto-patentia, linearia, apicem versus sensim leviter angustata, valde
inequaliter 2-dentata, dente brevissimo acuto, dente longissimo obtuso ec. 0°3-0°6 em.
longo, basi paulo angustata semiamplexicaulia, costa media sicco supra sulcata subtus
obtuse prominente, sicco coriacea, c. 6°5-8°25 em. longa, 0°5 cm. lata; vagine tubu-
los, presertim superne antice verrucose, inferne subleves, apice lamine opposite
dente adpresso triangulo obtuso donate. Inflorescentia retlexa, subracemosa,
secunda, c. 9-flora, spatha e basi brevissime tubulosa pedunculum arcte amplectente
orbiculari-ovata, acuminata, acuta, presertim inferne valde concava, c. 11-nervia,
c. 11cm. longa, 0°85 cm. lata, pedunculo cum rhachide paulo elongata ¢. 0°85 cm.
longo. Bractee oblongo-subelliptice, acuminate, acute cum mucrone dorso ad
apicem, concave, 3-nervie, membranacee, c. 0°57 em. longe, 0:27 cm. late,
bractea infima inter sequentes et spatham intermedia. Flores c. 0-7 em. longi.
Sepalum dorsale lateralibus breviter adnatum, ovali-ellipticum, obtusiusculum,
3-nervium, ¢. 0-48 cm. longum, fere 0°3 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia breviuscule
connata, calear amplectentia, mentum saccatum subglobosum fere 0-2 em. longum
formantia, oblique ovata, obtusiuscula cum apiculo conico dorso ad apicem, 8-nervia,
c. 0°46 em., tota 0°56 em. longa, 0°36-0°375 em. lata. Petala oblique subrhombea,
obtusiuscula, 3-nervia, c. 0°44 cm. longa, 0°24 em. lata. Labellum gynostemio
breviter adnatum, usque ad apicem ovarii c. 0°3 em., cum caleari 0-475 em. longum ;
lamina concava, apice margine recurvo convexa, 7-nervia, explanata subsemiorbicu-
laris, basi abrupte transverse incrassata, c. 0-2 em. longa, 0°3 cm. lata; calear cum
ovario angulum acutum faciens, oblique oblongum, obtusum, c. 0°3 em. longum,
Gynostemium supra basin leviter ineurvum, dorso convexum, cum anthera ¢. 0°16 em.
longum, apice late trapeziformi, obtusissimo, retuso, clinandrio concavo, fere integer-
rimo, auriculis triangulis, subacutis. Anthera cum gynostemio angulum rectum
faciens, cucullata, transverse ovalis, apice truncato-rotundato non recurvo mem-
branaceo-marginata, connectivo basi conico-elevato postice canaliculato, c. 0-12 cm.
lata. Rostellum latum, semilunatum, late retusum. Stigma transversum, semi-
lunatum, margine inferiore valde productum incurvumque. Ovarium curvum,
3-sulcatum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by 9 lake, 7000’,
Bie Dec.*. 5975.:: .

Nearly allied to G. subracemosa J. J. 8., but differing by the much less
warty sheaths, smaller flowers, a differently shaped lip, with much shorter
blade, and edentate clinandriam.

The flowers are white.

114

Giomera (§ Evatomera) transtroria J.J. 8. in Fedde, Rep. xi. (1913)
558 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 244, t. Ixxxv. 148.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest slope by ? lake, epiphytic, 7000-8000’.
Fl. (white). Dee. 5545.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lake, Gjellerup).

GiomerA (§ GrossornyncHA) Gippstz J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Caules erecti, tenues, teretes, superne valde ramosi, dense foliati, c. 13 cm. longi,
ramulis erecto-patentibus, internodiis inferioribus c. 0°5 cm., in ramulis 0:1 cm. longis.
Folia patentia, distincte petiolata, anguste oblonga, apicem versus angustata, obtusa,
basi satis abrupte in petiolum contracta, crasse carnosa, supra canaliculata, subtus
angulata et subcarinata, ¢. 0°6-0°67 em. longa, 0°17 cm. lata; vagina tubulosa,
verrucosa, apice setis numerosis laxe adpressis longis crispulis ciliata. Inflorescentia
terminalis, erecta, sessilis, 1-flora. Spatha erecta, adpressa, flore multo brevior,
bracteam basi tantum amplectens, apicem calcaris includens, lata, valde cucullato-
concava, basi breviter tubulosa, acuta, dorso apicem versus carinata, dorso preesertim
ad basin sparse furfuraceo-punctata, membranacea, c. 0°43 cm. longa. Bractea
spathe similis, angustior, acute acuminata, dorso parce furfuraceo-punctata,
membranacea, ¢c. 0-4 em. longa. Flos parvus, c. 0°8 em. longus (maceratus).
Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, distincte verruculoso-apiculatum, concavumn,
- 3-nervium, c. 0°63 em. longum, 0-225 em. latum. Sepala lateralia apicem calcaris
hand amplectentia, basi brevissime connata, oblique ovato-oblonga, longius subulato-
apiculata, basi margine anteriore leviter rotundato-dilatata, concava, 8-nervia,
ce. O'7 cm. longa, basi 0°3 em. lata. Petala erecto-patentia, lanceolata, obtusa,
concava, l-nervia, ec. 0°675 em. longa, 0-14 em. lata. Labellum basi gynostemio
adnatum, usque ad apicem ovarii ce. 0°3 cm., usque ad apicem calearis 0°47 em:
longum; lamina porrecta, cum calcari angulum subrectum faciens, concava, subtus
convexa, supra visa ambitu suborbicularis, basi in regulam transversam conspicuam
inerassata, 7-nervia, explanata semielliptica, apice in lobulum angulato-rotundatum
sicco nigrum papillosum producta, basi utrinque rotundata, ec. 0°3 cm. longa,
0-325 cm. lata; calear rectum, oblongum, superne leviter lateraliter compressum,
obtusissimum, dorso c. 0°3 cm. longum. Gynostemium a dorso compressum, dorso
leviter convexum, margine apicali repandulo-dentatum, medio retusum, absque
anthéra c. 0°15 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, auriculis triangulis, apice breviter
libero dentiformibus. Anthera cucullata, transverse ovalis, apice rotundato-producta
recurva et péllucida, fere 0°13 em. lata, connectivo triangulo, convexo. Rostellum
transverse ovale, truncatum. Stigma semilunatum, margine inferiore valde productum
et recurvum. Ovarium sessile, 6-sulcatum, c. 0°3 em. longum.

flab. Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge between 9 and ¢ Angi lakes, epiphytic
on open burnt summit plateau, 9000’. Dec. 5605.

The nearest ally of the species seems to be G. salicornioides J.J.S. This
differs by the more robust stems, probably different-shaped leaves, colour of
the flowers, much broader blade to the lip, and longer spur.

I suppose that only the rooted upper parts of the stems were collected.

The flowers are described as being white.

115

Gromera (§ GruLIANETTIA) aNciensis J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Caulis tenuis, ramosus, parte adest 10 em. longa, internodiis ¢. 1-0-4 em. longis.
Folia patentia, lanceolata, apicem versus angustata, apice conduplicata, subacuta,
basi in petiolum brevem contracta, c. 07-13 em. longa, ad e. 0-2 em. lata; vagina
tubulosa, verrucosa, apice fimbriis adpressis crispis ciliata. Inflorescentia erecta,
l-flora. Spatha tubulosa, obtusa, membranacea, furfuraceo-punctata, § partes
inferiores ovarii pedicellati includens, explanata oblonga, bene 0'9 em. longa,
0-4 em. lata. Bractea spathe similis, apiculata, c. 0°85 cm. longa. Flos parvus,
valde apertus, c. 1:3 cm. latus. Sepalwm dorsale lanceolatum, apice recurvum,
obtusum, apiculatum, valde convexum, 3-nervium, ec. 0°87 cm. longum, 0°24 cm.
latum. Sepala lateralia e basi erecta patentissima, basi breviter connata, oblique
lanceolata, apice recurvula, obtusa, apiculata, basi antice in lobum oblique
triangulum obtusum concavum calcari adpressum producta, valde convexa, 8-nervia,
ce. 0'9 cm. cum lobo basilari bene 1 em. longa, 0°25 em. lata. Petala e basi erecta
patentissima, oblique lanceolata, obtusa, valde convexa, 3-nervia, c. 0°84 cm. longa,
supra medium 0°26 em. lata. Labellum longe calearatum, lamina inferne dimidio
inferiori gynostemii adnata, infundibuliformi-cucullata, 3-loba, subtus ventricosa,
gynostemium bene superante et includente, intus inferne leviter transverse incrassata,
supra basin 7-nervia, explanata e basi late cuneata transverse rhombea, c. 0°44 em.
longa, 0°58 cm. lata; lobi laterales incurvi, apice sese obtegentes, rotundato-
trianguli; lJobus intermedius multo minor, recurvulus, triangulus, obtusus,
c. 0°06 cm. longus; calcar ovario adpressum, tenue, obtusum, bene 1 em. longum.
Gynostemium obtusangule curvatum, dimidio inferiore labello adnatum, apice
obtusum subretusumque, c. 0°25 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, integerrimo.
Anthera cucullata, ovato-orbicularis, apice recurva retusaque, fere 0°125 em. lata,
connectivo leviter conico, postice suleato. Pollinia 4, 2 obovoidea et 2 pyriformia.
Rostellum porrectum, semiorbiculare, triangulo-excisum. Stigma semilunatum,
margine inferiore valde producto et recurvo. Ovarium 6-suleatum,. parce minute
punctatum, cum pedicello clavatum, ec. 1°75 em. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi iakes, epiphytic in forest patch by ? lake, 7000’.
Fl. Dec. 5661.

The nearest allies of this species are G. fruticula J. J. 8. and G. salmonea
J.J. 8. It differs from the former by the smaller flowers, differently shaped
petals, relatively broader lip, edentate clinandrium, and from the latter by the
weaker stems, shorter spathe, somewhat smaller flowers, differently shaped
petals, broader lip, edentate clinandrium.

The material seen consists of two stem-tips, with one flower and a

flower-bud. |
The colour of the flowers is described as terra-cotta.

CEeRATOSTYLIS (§ EuCERATOSTYLIS) ARFAKENSIS J.J. 8. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913), 394; in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915), 264, t. xev. 162.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic under Araucaria Beccarii Warb., by
9 lake, 7000’. FI. (white). Dec. 5721.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

116

CERATOSTYLIS (§ EucERATOSTYLIS) aNGrENSIS J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Caules approximati, teretes, c. 12°5-15 em. longi, macerati 0°17 em. diam., bast
vaginis tubulosis superne accrescentibus sese amplectentibus sicco membranaceis laxe
reticulato-venosis brunneis ad c. 2°25 em. longis tecti. Holiwm erectum, subulato-
teres, acutiusculum, antice leviter longitudinaliter costatum cum sulco tenuissimo,
c. 2°7 em. longum, maceratum c. 0°125 em. diam.; vagina tubulosa, antice rumpens,
ce. 03 em. longa. Inflorescentia fascicularis, pluriflora, squamata, pedunculis
partialibus tenuibus, 1-floris, c. 0°3 em. longis, basi vaginulam latam obtusam
membranaceam ¢. 0°26 cm. longam gerentibus. Bractea ample cucullata, obtusa,
ovario multo brevior, membranacea, c. 0-14 cm. longa. Flores parvi, bene 0-4 em.
longi, sepalis dorso parce pubescentibus. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, obtusum,
3-nervium, ¢. 0°25 em. longum, bene O01 em. latum. Sepala Jateralia lacinia
oblique oblonga concava pedem gynostemii bene superante decurrentia, mentum
reversum ovario parallelum oblongum apice subinflatum obtusum bene 0-1 cm.
longum formantia, oblique oblonga, apice angustata, obtusa, 3-nervia, c. 0°24 cm.
tota fere O-4 ecm. longa, 0°125 cm. lata. Petala oblique oblonga, acutiuscula,
faleatula, 1-nervia, c. 0-2 em. longa, fere 0-07 cm. lata. Labellum cum pedi
gynostemii angulum fere rectum faciens, gynostemio parallelum, ima basi ultra
apicem pedis gynostemii obsolete productum, supra basin leviter recurvum, con-
cavum, gynostemium bene superans, basi unguiculato-angustatum, 4 parte superiore
contractum carnoso-incrassatum et utrinque convexum, obtusum, parte mediana
marginibus incurvum et ciliolatum, 3-nervium, lineis 2 elevatis puberulis parallelis
intus usque ad medium, explanatum c. 0°35 cm. longum, medio 0:14 cm. latum, apice
incrassato bene 0-1 em. longo, fere 0-1 cm. lato. Gynostemium ultra medium
bifidum, c. 0-14 em. longum, brachiis parallelis, oblongis, obtusis, extus convexis,
intus concavis. Anthera cucullata, transverse suboblongo-elliptica, apice truncata,
c. 0-06 cm. lata. Pes gynostemii reversus, cum ovario angulum acutum faciens,
apice a sepalis lateralibus libero obtusangule incurvus, c. 0-1 cm. longus. Ovarium
pubescens, c. 0°375 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, isolated forest patch by ? lake, epiphytic,
7000’. Dec. 5718.

A very inconspicuous species. , .

The colour of the flowers is white.

Denprosium ($ CapDETIA) suprApIATUM J.J.S8. in Fedde Rep. xii. (1913)
27; in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 273, t. 0. 171.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in forest by 9 lake, 7000’. Dec.
5542 and 5908.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Giallerip),

Denprosium (§ Larourta) RHOMBOGLOSSUM J.J. 8. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit.
2° sér. n. ii. (1911) 9; in Nova Guinea, xii. (1913) 44, t. xiii. 34.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, marsh by @? lake, terrestial, abundant, 7000’.
Dec. 5511 eda ridge, between o and 2? lake, et open summit
plateau, 9000’. Dec. 5609.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Goliath Mts., De Kock).

om roe

nh nt tar

117 ,
“Plant up to 1 m., perianth segments magenta outside and white inside ;
abundant.”

Denprosiom (§ Larourta) curvimentum J. J. S., sp. nov.

Caules (1 adest) tenuiter clavati, c. 6-nodes (absque internodiis summis foliiferis
brevissimis), c. 19-5 cm. longi, apice 8-folii, internodio maximo incrassato infra folia
ce. 63 em. longo. Folia erecto-patentia, ovato-elliptico-lanceolata, apicem versus
angustata, acuta, basi breviter contracta, sicco rigide coriacea, ¢. 5-6°7 cm. longa,
12-16 em. lata. Inflorescentie e nodis summis inter folia, folia superantes,
ec. 15-flore, pedunculo tenui, c. 5:2 em, longo, vaginulis ¢. 4 tubulosis acutis donato,
rhachide sicco angulata, c. 4 cm. longa. Bractee late triangule, acute, concave,
ec. 03cm. longe. Flores parvi, incurvi, carnosuli, glabri. Sepalwm dorsale cum
ovario angulum obtusum formans, oblongo-triangulum, dimidio superiore angustatum,
obtusum, concavum, 5-nervium, c. 0°54 em. longum, bene 0°3 cm. latum. Sepala
lateralia ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum ovario parallelum valde ineurvum
breve crassum obtusum basi subconstrictum bene 0°3 em. longum formantia, late oblique
triangula, subobtusa, basi antice in laciniam brevem triangulam dilatata, margine
superiore valde rotundata fere quadrangula, concava, 5-nervia, fere 0°5 cm. longa,
basi 0°5 em. lata. Petala oblique anguste oblonga, faleatula, obtusa, basi leviter
contracta, apice erosula, concava, l-nervia, c. 0°46 em. longa, 0°14 em. lata.
Labellum pedi gynostemii insertum, unguiculatum, 3-lobum, concavum, carnosum,
subexplanatum ec. 0°45 em. longum, O0°6 em., bene explanatum 0°65 em. latum, ungue
pedi gynostemii parallelo valde recurvo, canaliculato, fascia longitudinali bicostata
ad basin lamin dilatata et in dentes 3 conicos exeunte instructo, dentibus lateralibus
membrana angusta labello adnatis, callo rotundato verruculoso ante dentem inter-
medium, carinula transversa utrinque ad basin lobi intermedii, lamina transversa,
c. 0°83 em. longa; lobi laterales inexplanati porrecti, paralleli, gynostemium et lobum
intermedium superantes, explanati lobum intermedium «quantes vel vix superantes,
late oblique ovati, rotundati, concavi; lobus intermedius transversus, bipartitus,
concavus, subtus convexus et crasse carinatus, carina infra sinum in apiculum
crassum conicum exeunte, lobulis oblique triangulis, margine antico rotundatis,
obtusis, explanatis divergentibus, explanatus c. 0°14 cm. longus, 0325 cm. latus.
Gynostemium a dorso compressum, in utraque stigmatis parte obtusangule dilatatum,
absque anthera ¢. 0°175 em. longum, clinandrio concavo, margine denticulato, fila-
mento incurvulo, oblongo, rotundato, auriculis paulo brevioribus, obtusis, leviter
denticulatis. Anthera cucullata, transverse ovali-reniformis, basi rotundato-biloba,
apice breviter rotundato-producta, c. 0-16 em. lata. Pollinia 4, in corpuscula
2 oblique obovata supra convexa subtus plana unita, lateraliter compressa, interiora
quam exteriora angustiora, c. 0°07 cm. longa. Stigma obverse triangulum, basi
rotundatum, apice truncatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum faciens,
reversus, medio fere rectangule incurvus, oblongus, obtusus, valde excavato-concavus,
inexplanatus ce. 0°35 em. longus. Ovarium valde incurvum, 6-sulcatum, ¢. 0°33 em.

longum ; pedicellus 1-1 em. longus.
Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, forest, 8000-9000’. FI. (green). Dec. |

5647.

118

This Dendrobium belongs to the small-flowered species of the section
Latouria. The shape of the labellum calls to mind that of D. dendrocolloides
J.J. S. and D. latifrons J. J. S., but the habit is very different.

Denprosium (§ TRacHyRHIzUM) LATIFRONS J. J. S., sp. nov.

Rhizoma breve, vaginis brevibus tubulosis sese amplectentibus omnino obtectum,
radicibus dense verrucosis. Caules simplices, elongati, superne flexuosi, c. 47 cm.
longi, internodiis ¢. 8°7-1'3 em. longis. Folia patentia, oblonga, oblique bidentata,
dentibus acutiusculis, costa media supra sulcata subtus prominente, marginibus in
sicco recurvis, sicco tenuiter coriacea, ad c. 5-5 cm. longa, 1°8 cm. lata, superiora
et inferiora decrescentia; vaginz tubulose, apice truncate, internodiis breviores.
Inflorescenti@ in caulibus foliatis axillares, vaginam dorso ad basin perforantes,
arcuate, laxe 3-5-flore, pedunculo cauli adpresso, c. 3-4 cm. longo, nonnullis
vaginulis tubulosis ad basin, rhachide c. 1°5-2 cm. longa. -Bractee adpresse,
triangule, concave, c. 0°3 em. longer. Flores quaquaversi. Sepalum dorsale late
triangulum, marginibus curvatum et base utrinque angulatum, obtusum, concavum,
7-nervium, c. 0°8 em. longum et latum. Sepala lateralia cum pede gynostemii
mentum obtusum formantia, antice omnino libera, late oblique triangula, obtusa,
breviter crasse obtusa apiculata, margine postico basi angulata, 7-nervia, costa
media dorso obtuse prominente, ce. 0°95 cm. longa, basi 1:15 cm. lata. Petala
oblique subovalia, basi lata, breviter obtusiuscule triangulo-acuminata, concava,
minutissime erosulo-ciliolata, basi 3-nervia, c. 0°77 cm. longa, 0°53 cm. lata.
Labellum ungue brevi lato 5-nervio pedi gynostemii insertum, 3-lobum, curvatum,
subtus supra basin concavum cum nervis 5 obtuse prominentibus, intus fascia
Jatissima longitudinali carnoso-incrassata subquinquecostata cum costis 3 medianis
alte elevatis basi in appendicem reversam rotundato-trapeziformem obsolete retusam
concavam carnosam unguem xquantem, c. 0-2 cm. longam, 0°35 em. latam, producta
in basi lobi intermedii in lamellam transversam porrectam excavationem anticam
obtegentem verrucosam antice dentes c. 5 porrectis irregulariter conicis gerentem
utrinque nonnullas costulas transversas emittentem terminante, intus papillosum,
explanatum ¢, 1:13 em., usque ad apicem loborum lateralium 0°93 cm. longum, ad
lobos laterales c. 1:43 cm. latum, ungue ce. 0°2 em. longo; lobi laterales erecti,
patentes, oblique ovati, rotundati, basi lati, concavi, margine postico manifeste
incurvi; lobus intermedius Jatissimus, concavus, 2-lobus, medio plica supra concava
subtus convexa et in sinu dente brevi triangulo donatus, lobis transverse oblique
rotundato-quadrangulis, apice truncatis, irregulariter crenatis, angulum exteriorem
versus repandulis, explanatus c. 0°43 em. longus, 1°3 cm. latus. Gynostemium
(fcecundatum) bene 0°3 em. longum, apice porrecto utrinque dente donato, auriculis
triangulis. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum obtusum fere rectum formans,
late oblongus, intus pubescens, basi dorso convexus, apice altius excavatus et dorso
rotundato-gibbosus, ¢. 0°7 cm. longus. Ovarium (foecundatum) obconicum, 6-
sulcatum, c. 0-4 em. longum ; pedicellus c. 1°3 cm. longus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in marsh by ? lake, 7000’.
Dee. 5558.

This species is nearly allied to D. appendiculoides J. J. 8., from which it
differs, so far as the single specimens allow comparison, by its more robust

(ea persia etm tar

119

stems, less flowered racemes with the peduncle pressed against the stem,
broader petals, the lip with different-shaped keels, shorter, blunter, not
faleate lateral lobes, a shorter and much broader mid-lobe and a broader basal
appendix, whereas the column-foot is much less excavated. Moreover, the
plant was collected in a much higher altitude above the sea. .

The species recalls D. prosteriglossum Schltr. var. obtusilobum Schltr. to
mind ; it is possible that the two plants will prove to be identical,

The flowers are described as yellow.

Denprosrum (§ Oxyatossum) TriroLtum J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Caules approximati, c. 4-5 em. longi, inferne vaginis mox fatiscentibus, apice
c. 3-foliati. Folia erecto-patentia, lanceolata, oblique obtusa, breviter apiculata,
omnino sed presertim ‘apice minutissime denticulata, costa media subtus prominente,
sicco rigide coriacea, ¢. 26-4 cm. longa, 0°67-0-83 cm. lata; vaginw inferne tubu-
lose, superne canaliculato-conduplicate. Inflorescentia pseudoterminalis, brevissima,
c. 3-flora. Bractee rachidem amplectentes, late triangule, acute acuminate, ad
c. O'7 cm. longer. Flores erecti, majusculi, c. 31 em. longi, sepalis sicco dorso parce
nigro-punctatis. Sepalwm dorsale ellipticum, obtusum, apice minutissime denticu-
latum, 5-nervium, ec. 1:25 em. longum, 0°65 em. latum. Sepala \ateralia lacinia
elongata partim anguste lineari ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum rectum
ovario adpressum ¢. 1°7 em. longum, superne marginibus anticis longitudine ec. 0°6 em.
connatis anguste caleariforme apice retusum formantia, parte anteriore oblique
triangulum, marginibus curvatis, subacuta, acute apiculata, apice minutissime
denticulata, 7-nervia, costa media dorso prominente, c. 1:2 cm. longa, basi 2 em.
margine antico 2‘9 cm. metientia. Petala spathulato-rhombea, vix acuminata,
acuta, superne papilloso-ciliolata, 3-nervia, c. 1:23 em. longa, 0°57 em. lata.
Labellum pedi gynostemii et gynostemio parallelum et adpressum, pedi gynostemii
longitudine ¢. 0°95 cm. adnatum, gynostemium superans, anguste lineare, apicem
versus dilatatum, apice 3-lobum, concavum, infra apicem subventricosum, ecallosum,
inferne 3-, superne 7-nervium, explanatum c. 2°6 cm. longum, ad lobos laterales
fere 0-4 cm., basi partis liber 0°175 cm. latum; lobi laterales breves, rotundati,
papillosi ; lobus intermedius revolutus, triangulus, acutus, papilloso-ciliolatus,
ce. 0-25 em. longus, basi 0°16 cm. latus. Gynostemium a dorso compressum, in
utraque stigmatis parte obtusangulum, absque anthera ec. 0-2 em. longum, clinandrio
in utraque filamenti parte lacinulato, filamento subulato, incurvo, Anthera cucullata,
antice visa quinguangularis, apicem versus angustata, truncata et parte superiore
adpresse puberula, basi 2-loba, ec. 0-2 em. lata. Pollinia 4, in corpuscula 2 oblique
obovata supra convexa subtus concava unita, oblique oblonga, 2 interiora quam
exteriora paulo angustiora. Stigma suborbiculare. Pes gynostemii linearis, canalicu-
latus c. 1°7 cm. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum clavatum, superne 8-alatum et
3-costatum, ala superiore quam cetere longiore et in dentem liberum triangulum
producta, sparsa nigro-punctatum, c. 3 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on bank by ? lake, 7000’, terrestrial.

Dec. 5907. ee :
This species, the flowers of which agree in colour with D. pentapterum

120

Schltr., differs from the latter in the larger flowers, a blunt dorsal sepal,
differently shaped petals and lip, lacinulate clinandrium, not 5-winged ovary.
The flowers are described as dull yellow, with a red tip to the labellum.

DeEnpRoBIUM AGATHODAMONIS J. J. 8. in Bull. Dép. Agr. Ind. Néerl. n. xxxix.
(1910) 7; ete.

Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial in open areye)
spaces, 8000’. Dec. 5530 and 5596.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Cyclops Mts., Gjellerup ; D.S.W., Aga-
thodiimonsberg, von Roemer, Hellwig Mts., ran Nouhuys).

Perhaps it would be better to keep the typical D. agathodemonis apart
as a species and not to unite with it the different forms I successively added.
However, these forms are, in the material at hand, almost all represented by
single specimens, and therefore it is very difficult to make a decision.

The flowers of the Arfak specimens are described as magenta.

DENDROBIUM (§ CALYPTROCHILUS) PAPUANUM J.J. 8., sp. nov.

Caules approximati, elongati, superne flexuosi, sicco inferne teretes superne alte
sulcati, c. 46 em. longi, internodiis ad c. 2°6 cm. Jongis. Folia basi semitorta, ovato-
lanceolata, longe acuminata, acutissima, longe mucronata, acumine denticulata, costa
media subtus prominente, sicco rigidiuscula, ce. 6-7°5 em. longa, 1:2-1:9 em. lata;
vagine tubulosi, internodia paulum superantes, minute verrucose, novell sicco |
fusce punctate. Inflorescentie ad nodos caulium defoliatorum, abbreviate,
c. 4-flore, pedunculo nonnullis vaginulis brevibus tubulosis tecto. Bractee valde
approximate, patentes, ovato-triangule, acute acuminate, concave, sicco ¢. 0°85 cm.
longe. lores parvi, macerati c. 1-4.em. longi. Sepalum dorsale subovale, apice
brevissime productum, obtusum, valde concavum, 3-nervium, c. 0°65 em. longum,
O-4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique triangula ad pedem gynostemii
decurrentia, marginibus anticis longitudine c. 0°65 cm. connata, mentum magnum
conicum ovario parallelum suberectum anguste obtusum ce. 0-9 em. longum formantia,
parte libera oblique ovato-triangula, presertim margine postico valde curvata, obtusa,
apiculata, concava, c. 4-nervia, c. 0°625 em. longa, margine antico e. 1°35 em., basi
1 em. metientia. Petala oblique subelliptico-oblonga, subulato-apiculata, concava,
superne erosula, 3-nervia, c. 0°65 cm. longa, 0°27 cm. lata. Labellum gynostemium
zquans, basi gynostemii longitudine c. 0-4 em. adnatum, concavum, apice cucullatum,
ecallosum, ¢. 5-nervium, nervis exterioribus ramosis, cucullo plicato margine apicali
truncato dense et breviter subulato-lacinulato, explanatum cuneatum, late obverse
rhombeum, fere 1-1 em. longum, 0°84 em. latum, ab apice cuculli usque ad marginem
apicalem ce. 0°37 em. metiens. Gynostemium recurvulum, a dorso compressum,
apicem versus dilatatum, in utraque stigmatis parte obtusangule dilatatum,
c. 0-26 cm. longum, filamento curvulo, lineari, obtuso, dorso convexo, auriculis
magnis, quadrangulis, obtusissimis, dimidio superiore apice leviter productis et
denticulatis, dimidio inferiore rotundatis. Anthera cucullata, ambitu transverse
subquadrangula, leviter 6-angulata, basi biloba, apice producta, truncata et papillosa,
ce. 0°225 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, oblonga, in corpuscula 2 oblique subovalia supra
eonvexa subtus concava conglutinata. Pes gynostemii linearis, canaliculatus,

121

e. O09 cm. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum clavatum, minutissime furfuraceo-
puncticulatum, ec. 1-25 em. longum.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by 9 lake, 7000’.
Dec, 5712.

Amongst the small-flowered purple or pink coloured species of the section
Calyptrochilus this one differs from D. roseum Schltr. in its long acuminate
leaves, smaller flowers, and much broader lip without callus.

The flowers are pink.

Denvrosium (§ CaLyprrocuiius) nrractum J. J. 8. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 118 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. 340, t. exxiii, 225,
Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge between ¢ and ¢ lake, terrestrial on burnt
open summit plateau, 9000’. Fl. Dee. 5655.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

Denpropium (§ CALYprrocuILus) Ripartum J.J.S. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 117 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. 343, t. exxiv. 227,
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 9 lake, epiphytic in forest, 7000’,
Fl. Dec. 5896.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

Denpbropium (§ CALYPTROCHILUS) FRUTICICOLA J. J. S. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 116 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. t. exxv. 229.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, terrestrial in open marsh by 2 lake, growing in
patches, abundant, 7000’. Fl. Dec. 5510.—Forest patch by 9 lake, 7000’.
Fl. (orange). Dec. 5553.—Koebré ridge between g and.? lake, terres-
trial on open burnt summit plateau, 9000’. Dec. 5608.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

The flowers show the same slight differences as in the original specimens,

Denprosium (§ CALYPTROCHILUS) PARVIFOLIUM J. J. S., sp. nov.

Planta parva (?). Caulis ramosus, valde flexuosus, sicco longitudinaliter alte
sulcatus, pars adest 13-5 cm. longus, internodiis c. O°6-0'3 em. longis. Folia parva,
patentissima, oblongo-ovata, apicem versus angustata, breviter acuta, apiculata,
presertim superne erosula, costa media sicco supra sulcata subtus cum nervis sequen-
tibus prominente, rigida, sicco ad c. 1°1 cm. longa, fere 0.4 cm. lata; vaginw
tubulose, verruculose, internodia wequantes. Inflorescentie@ (1 adest) in flexubus
caulium foliatorum, brevissime, 1-flore, pedunculo abbreviato, nonnullis vaginulis
tubulosis verruculosis obtecto. Bractea cucullata, apiculata, ¢. 0°35 cm. longa.
Flos c. 1°8 em. longus. Sepalum dorsale ovatum, apicem versus angustatum,
anguste obtusum, breviter obtuse apiculatum, basi latum, concavum, 5-nervium,
ce. 0°75 em. longum, O'4em. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia faleatulo-triangula ad
pedem gynostemii decurrentia, margine antico inferne longitudine ec. 0°45 em.
connata, mentum conicum leviter curvatum obtusum ovario subparallelum ec. 1°25 cm.
longum formantia, oblique triangula, obtusa, apice dorso leviter incrassata, c. 6-nervia,
c. 0°75 em. longa, basi 14cm. lata. Petala lanceolata, dimidio superiore sensim
angustata et erosula, obtusa, 2-nervia, ¢. 0°7 cm. longa, 0-225 em. lata. Labellum

122

pedi gynostemii et gynostemio parallelum, in ? partibus supra basin obtusangule
recurvum, gynostemium superans, inferne c. 0-9 em. pedi gynostemii adnatum,
spathulatum, valde concavum apice subrectangule cucullato-incurvum, margine apicali
truncatum et breviter serrato-fimbriatum, ecallosum, 5-nervium, c. 1°4 cm. longum,
explanatum 1°525 cm. longum, lamina (parte libera) obverse rhombea, cucullo obtusa,
c. 0°85 cm. longa, 0°84 cm. lata, ab apice cuculli usque ad marginem apicalem fere
O-4cm. longa. Gynostemium latum, in utraque stigmatis parte obtusangule dilatatum,
absque anthera c. 0°275 em. longum, clinandrio transverso, concavo, filamento subulato,
incurvo, auriculas paulo superante, auriculis latis, in dentem triangulum subfal-
eatulum acutum margine superiore irregulariter marginatum productis. Anthera
cucullata, ambitu quadrangula, apice truncata et margine lato puberula, basi biloba,
c. 0-2 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, in corpuscula 2 obovata supra convexa subtus concava
unita, interiora quam exteriora minora. Stigma suborbiculare. Pes gynostemii ovario
parallelus, leviter curvatus, linearis, canaliculatus, apice excavatione longitudinali
praeditus, c. 1:25 em. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum subclavatum, ¢. 2-1 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 9 lake, and on ridge above,
epiphytic in forest, 7000-8000’. FI. Dec. 5547. -

The flower recalls very much that of D. angiense J. J. S., but the habit of
the plant is very different. I do not know whether the plant is indeed a
small one or that only the end of a stem was collected.

The colour of the flower is described as red.

Denpropium (§ CALYPTROCHILUS) ANGIENSE J.J.S. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 116 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. 346, t. exxvi. 230.
_Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, open spaces on ridge, terres-
trial, 7000-8000’. Fl. Dee. 5528.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

Denprosium (§ CALYPTROCHILUS) GLAUCOVIRIDE J. J. 8. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 119; in Nova Guinea, xii. 250, t. exxvili. 234.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in mossy forest slopes to ? lake, 7500’.
Fl. Dec. 5506.—Ridge running up to Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest,
8000’. Fl. Dee. 5998.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

Flowers purple-magenta.

BuLBoPHYLLUM (§ Ca@LOcHILUS) ARFAKENSE J. J. S., sp. nov.

Rhizoma repens, radicans, vaginatum. Psewdobulbi c. 0-6-1 em. distantes, eum
rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, verisimiliter ovoidei, sicco 1-8 em. longi,
1-folii. Folium erectum, petiolatum, anguste lanceolatum, acutiusculum, basi sensim
in petiolum angustatum, costa media sicco supra suleata subtus prominente, coriaceum,
e. 8-10 em. longum, 1°3 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, ce. 1:3-2 em. longus.
Inflorescentie 1-flore, pedunculo tenui, ¢. 2°2 em. longo, basi nonnullis vaginulis
tubulosis acutis carinatis donato. Bractea tubulosa, acuminata, acuta, bene 0°6 cm.
longa. Flos majusculus. Sepalum dorsale lineari-lanceolatum, concavum, apice
marginibus incurvis brevissime acuminatum, 3-nervium, fere 2-2 em. longum, 0°4 em.

‘cn iia

123

latum. Sepala lateralia oblique lanceolata, brevissime acuminata, margine anteriore
anguste incurva, 3-nervia, c. 2°1 cm. longa, 0°55 em. lata. Petala parva, gynostemio
adpressa, oblique lanceolato-triangula, sensim acuminata, subfalcatula, apice recurva
et convexa, l-nervia, c. 0°375 cm. longa, bene 0-1 em. lata. Labellum immobile,
subrectum, leviter sigmoideum, spathulato-lanceolatum, totum ec. 1:45 em. longum,
ungue lineari-oblongo, basi lobulis 2 erectis obtusis postice transverse conjunctis
excavato-concavo, basi postice excavato, c. 0°35 em. longo, subtus longitudinaliter
suleato, marginibus sulci in lamina in costas parallelas longitudinales aliformes tenues
_ superne evanescentes exeuntibus, lamina anguste elliptica, obtusa, valde convexa,
papillosa. Gynostemium subgracile, curvatum, ¢. O44 em, longum, ad’ basin
stigmatis infra medium gynostemii callo triangulo lateraliter compresso donatum,
apice (filamento) recurvo, cum gynostemio angulum obtusum faciente, triangulo,
acuto, concavo, clinandrio concavo, lateribus dilatatis oblique quadrangulis dentatis.
Anthera cucullata, connectivo longitudinaliter incrassata. Stigma longitudinale.
Pes gynostemii brevis, in callum transversum carnosum obtusissimum in excava-
tionem basilarem labelli quadrans incrassatus, subtus infra callum in partem incurvam
anguste oblongam concavam labellum gerentem productus, totus c. 0°13 em. longus.
Ovarium curvulum, 6-sulcatum, ¢. 0°43 em. longum; pedicellus tenuis, c. 0°35 em.
supra basin articulatus, c. 2 em. longus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by @ lake.
Dec. 5663.

This plant differs from B. concolor J. J. 8., probably its nearest ally, by
its longer leaves, shorter peduncle, larger, differently coloured flowers, and

differently shaped petals.
The sepals are described as brown, the lip shading to yellow.

BuizopHyitium (§ PoLyBLeEPHARON) BIRUGATUM J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Rhizoma elongatum, probabiliter dependens, ramosum, vaginis tubulosis acutis
vel acute acuminatis dorso carinatis ad c. 06 cm. longis diu persistentibus fere
omnino obtectum. Pseudobulbi parvi, spiraliter dispositi, ec. 1°5 cm. distantes,
2 partibus inferioribus rhizomati adnati, toti c. 0°3-0°35 em. longi (sicco), parte
libera rhizomati adpressa, bene semitereti, truncata, ¢. 0-1 em. longa, 1-folia.
Folium \anceolatum, brevissime acutatum, conico-apiculatum, basi brevissime con-
-tractum et conduplicatum, costa media supra suleata, carnosum, maceratum ec. 2 cm.
longum, 0°5 cm. latum. Inflorescenti@ numerose, ad nodos rhizomatis fasciculate,
brevissime, 1-flore, pedunculo c. 01 em. longo, vaginula tubulosa ad basin. Bractea
oblique cucullata, dorso ad apicem carinata, ovario brevior, ¢. 0°07 em. longa.
Flos parvus, maceratus c. 0°36 cm. longus, sepalis conniventibus, apice recurvulis.
Sepalum dorsale horizontale, oblongum, obtusum, breviter obtuse conico-apiculatum,
concavum, superne vix erosulum, 3-nervium, ¢. 0°37 em. longum, 0°15 em, latum.
Sepala lateralia porrecta, cum pede gynostemii mentum subrectangulum cum ovario
angulum obtusum faciens obtusum postice ec. 0°18 em. longum formantia, margine
proximo ultra medium conglutinata, oblique triangula, falcata, margine exteriore
rotundata, obtusa, breviter obtuse conico-apiculata, concava, 3-nervia, tota ¢. 0°35 cm.
- longa, 0°17 em. lata. Petala gynostemio adpressa, parallela, oblique oblonga, superne
denticulata, longe subulato-acuminata, 1-nervia, ec. 03 em. longa, 0-1 em. lata,

L

124

acumine 0°71 cm. longo. Labellum membrana tenui 3-nervia pedi gynostemii
insertum, mobile, erectum, sigmoideum, e basi contracta dentibus brevibus reversis
faleato-triangulis et intus callo erecto quadrato ornata dilatatum, fascia mediana
longitudinali convexo-incrassatum et subtus convexum, lateribus supra convexum
subtus concavum, 3-nervium, + parte superiore recurva et utrinque plica parva sed
distineta supra convexa a parte inferiore separata, itaque subtrilobum, medio utrinque
minute ciliolatum, inexplanatum c. 0°15 em. longum, explanatum spathulato-
obovatum, c. 0°17 em. longum, 0°075 cm. latum, lobo intermedio rotundato, semi-
orbiculari, convexo, subtus concavo, carnosulo, eciliato, c. 0°05 em. longo, 0075 em.
lato. Gynostemium cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, curvatum, totum
ce. 0:12 em. longum, clinandrio concavo, filamento elongato, subulato, auriculis
filamentum bene superantibus, subulatis, falcato-incurvis, margine inferiore lobulo
subobsoleto obtuso munitis. -Anthera cucullata, semiglobosa, apice producta incurva
truncata, connectivo gibboso-incrassato papilloso, ¢. 0°05 cm. alta. Pollinia in cor-
pusculum semiglobosum unita. Rostellwm triangulum, obtusum. Stigma magnum,
fere totam faciem inferiorem gynostemii occupans, profunde excavatum, obovato-
triangulum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, subrectus, basi
dorso convexus, apice vix recurvulus, oblongus, obtusus, canaliculatus, crassiusculus.
Ovarium 6-sulcatum, ec. 0-075 em. longum.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by 9 lake, epiphyte in forest, 7000’.
Fl. Dec. 5662.

Differs from B. myrtillus Schltr., probably its nearest ally, by the
mentum, the broader slightly three-lobed lip biauricled at the base and
only ciliolate in the middle beneath the semiorbicular mid-lobe, ‘and the
papillate connective.

_ The flowers are described as yellow; in the dried plant the petals are
distinctly red.

BeiporHyttum (§ Monosepattm) muricatum J.J.S. in Bull. Dép. Agr.
Ind. Néerl. n. xlv. (1911) 9; in Nova Guinea, viii. (1911) t. 0, B;
xii. 374.—Monosepalum muricatum Schltr. Orch. D. Neu-Guinea,
(1912) 682. |
Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial in mossy forest,
8000’. Fl. Dec. 5997.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.
Flowers yellow with red spots.

BuporHytium (§ NemaToruizis) OVALITEPALUM J. J. S., sp. nov.

Rhizoma elongatum, repens, filiforme, longinode, ad nodos plerumque 1-subpseudo-
bulbis pauces radices emittens, pars adest 25 cm. longa, internodiis e. 0-5-1 em. longis,
vaginis tubulosis, quam internodia multo brevioribus. Pseudobulbi c¢. 1-5-3-2 em.
distantes, erecti, oblique ovoidei, sicco valde rugosi, ec. 0°5—0-65 em. longi, 1-folii.
Folium erectum, breviter petiolatum, oblongum ad ligulatum, obtusum, apice leviter
inequaliter vel subzequaliter breviter obtuse bilobulatum, basi acutum, costa media
subtus prominente, ¢. 1‘5-3:1 em. longa, sicco 0:45-0:55 cm. lata; petiolus cana-
liculatus, c. O0-1-0'2 em, longus. Inflorescentie ad basin pseudobulborum et ad

ee ee

cee oe

esse

aereorienrsnsse ese Orearsee

125

nodos rhizomatis solitaria, pedunculo 1-floro filiformi, c. 1:3 em. longo, inferne
¢. 2-vaginulis tubulosis superne leviter ampliatis obtusis ¢. 0-125 em. longis donato,
Bractea brevis, eupuliformis, obtusa, c. 0-08 em. longa. Flos parvus. Sepalum
dorsale ovatum, obtusum, concavum, 3-nervium, ec. 0°34 cm. longum, 0°225 em.
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovalia, obtusissima, breviter obtuse apiculata,
3-nervia, ¢c. 0°35 em. longa, 0:22 em. lata. Petala vix obovato-ovalia, obtusissima,
3-nervia. Labellum mobile, curvum, carnosum, ambitu subquadrangulo-ovale, basi
truncatum, apice rotundatum, dimidio inferiore excavato-concavum cum marginibus
erectis, antice convexum, glabrum, c. 0°2 em. longum, 0°12 em. latum. Gynostemium
breve, apice obtuso, auriculis brevibus. Anthera cucullata, explanata reniformis,
obtusa, ¢. 0-075 em. lata. Pollinia 4, lateraliter compressa, a latere visa obovata,
exteriora extus convexa, interiora manifeste tenuiora. Stigma majusculum, trans-
versum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, quadrangulus, apicem
versus paulo angustatus, truncatus, ce. 0°075 em. longus et fere equilatus. Ovarium
6-suleatum, parce punctatum, c. 0°25 em. longum; pedicellus tenuis, supra basin
articulatus, c. 0°45 cm. longus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, forest patch by ? lake, epiphytic in forest,
7000’. Dee. 5683.

This seems to be the first known species of the section Nematorhizis from
the Arfak Mts.

The column was not in a very good state, hence the description of it
wants completion.

The flowers are green.

BULBOPHYLLUM (§ PELTOPUS) OCTARRHENIPETALUM J.J.. in Fedde Rep.
xii. (1913) 400 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. 400, t. exlviii. 277.
Angi lakes, forest patch by ¢ lake, epiphytic, 7000’. Fl. (white).
Dec. 5504.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

BuLBoPHyLium (§ D1aALEIPANTHE) prRistis J.J.S. in Fedde Rep. xii. (1913)
399; in Nova Guinea, xii. 419, t. clviii. 296.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, slopes by “ campong,” ¢ lake, terrestrial in
forest, 7500'. Dec. 5638.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).
Only an inflorescence.

BuLporHytium (§ Hyatosema) TRicANALIFERUM J.J. 8S. in Fedde Rep. xii.
(1913) 398 ; in Nova Guinea, xii. 426, t. elx. 302.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by ¢? lake, 7000’,
Dec. 5548.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gyellerup).

Flowers yellow with brown spots.
L2

126

Pureatia (§ BuULBOPHREATIA) SPATHULATA J. J.8., sp. nov.

Pusilla. Rhizoma elongatum, repens, ramosum, radicans, vaginis tubulosis
tectum. Pseudobulbi parvi, remoti, omnino vaginis obtecti, 2-folii. Folia erecta,
inzequimagna, lanceolato-spathulata, obtusa, retusa, apiculata, sicco ad e. 2°83 em.
longa, 0°35 cm. lata. Infloreseentia folia bene superans, laxe ¢. 13-flora, pedunculo
tenui, c. 4°5 em. longo, vaginulis c. 6-tubulosis apiculatis inferne magis approximatis
ad c.0°35 em. longis donato, rhachide tenui, c.3 em. longa. Bractee ovato-triangule,
acuminate, acutissime, ad e. 0°225 em. longe. Flores parvi. Sepalum dorsale
ovatum, obtusum, concavum, l-nervium, c. 0-2 cm. longum, 0°14 em. latum. Sepala
lateralia divergentia, late oblique ovata, acuta, oblique concava, 1-nervia, ¢. 0-2 em.
tota 0-25 em. longa, 0°2 cm. lata. Petala oblique ovata, subacuta, concava, 1-nervia,
c. 0°16 em. longa, 0-1 em. lata. Label/um leviter sigmoideum, unguiculatum, con-
cavum, explanatum c. 0°14 em. longum, ungue quadrangulo, basi utrinque in lobulum
parvum rotundatum dilatato, probabiliter 2-glanduloso, ¢. 0-07 em. longo, basi
0-06 em. lato, abrupte in laminam dilatato, lamina semilunato-reniformi, apice
latissime rotundata, medio leviter retusa cum lobulo distincto obtuso in sinu, lobis
lateralibus obtusa, incrassationibus 2 convexis intus ad basin, intus _papillosa,
ec. 0°06 em. longa, 0:175 cm. lata. Gynostemium breve, cum ovario angulum
obtusum faciens, dorso convexum, papillosum, absque anthera c. 0°075 em. longum,
clinandrio alte excavato. Rostellum latum. Stigma transversum, margine elevatum.
Pes gynostemii reversus, ¢. 01 em. longus, basi ovario adpressus et intus convexus,
parte superiore incurva, quam partem inferiorem angustiore, truncata. Ovariuwm cum
pedicello trigono torto clavatum, c. 0°35 cm. longum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest,
8000'. Dec. 6004. .

A small plant remarkable for the two convex thickenings at the base of
the blade of the lip.

Flowers white.

Pureatia (§ RaizopHytium) DEnsissmMA J.J. 8. in Fedde Rep, xii. (1913)
26; in Nova Guinea, xii. 438, t. clviii. 314.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest patch by 92 lake, 7000’.
Fl. (green). Dec. 5550.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Gjellerup).

OcTARRHENA CYLINDRICA J. J. 8., sp. nov. —

Caules approximati, compressi, simplices, basi valde radicantes, c. 5-5 em. longi,
cum vaginis c. 0°375—-0°4 em. lati, internodiis ¢. 0°5-0-7 cm. longis. Folia equitantia,
erecto-patentia, articulata, lateraliter compressa, linearia, interdum faleatula, acuta,
basi valde obliqua, dorso c. 2-3°5 em. longa, medio 0-275-0°35 em. lata; vagine sese
amplectentes, tubulose, lateraliter compressw, antice alte fisse, apice valde oblique,
internodia superantes. Inflorescenti@ axillares, erecte, dense multiflore, cylindrice,
pedunculo tenui, ¢. 175-2 em. longo, inferne nonnullis vaginulis tubulosis longe
acuminatis, superne numerosis vaginulis bracteiformibus donato, rachide angulata
c. 2-4-2°8 cm. longa. Bractee e basi lata longe lineari-acuminate, concave, tei:
gulariter marginate, c. 0-14 em. longe. Flores vagi, minimi ¢. 0-17 em. longi.

'

snare te enna

Ee

127

Sepalum dorsale erectum, triangulum, obtusiuseulum, convexum, c. 0:06 em. longum
et latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-triangula, apice interdum plus minusve
contracta, anguste obtusa, ec. 0-075 em. longa, 0:07-0-075 em. lata. Petala diver-
gentia, anguste oblique triangula, subfalcatula, acuta, convexa, 1-nervia, c. 0-07 em.
longa. Labellum simplex, decurvum cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, medio
fere obtusangule incurvum, subsigmoideum, manifeste concavum, 1-nervium, basi
medio tantum affixum, callis 2 longitudinalibus parallelis approximatis oblongis in 2
partibus inferioribus labelli, explanatum ovato-oblongum, anguste obtusum, e¢. 0-1 em.
longum, fere 0:05 em. latum. Gynostemium cum anthera ¢. 0-06 cm. longum,
clinandrio cum dorso gynostemii angulum rectum faciente, concavo. Anthera
cucullata, ovato-triangula, basi leviter emarginata, apice anguste truncata, c. 0-04 cm.
longa. Pollinia 8, clavato-pyriformia. Rostellum productum. Stigma trans-
versum. Ovariwm obeonicum, cum pedicello angulum obtusum faciens, c. 0-06 em.

_ longum ; pedicellus crassus, tortus, c. 0-06 cm. longus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, epiphytic in forest,
8000’. Dec. 5993.
From the other species this one is readily distinguished by its moderately
dense and broad leaves and dense spikes.
The flowers are said to be yellow.

Var. masor J. J.8., var. nov.

Caules elongati, inferne defoliati cum radicibus adpressis, ad ¢. 21 em. longi.
Folia 2-4-8 cm. longa, 0°37-0°475 cm. lata. Pedunculus c. 2:25-25 em. longus;
rhachis 4-5 em. longa. Flores majores. Sepalum dorsale c. 0-1 em. longum,
0075 em. latum, lateralia 0°12 em. longa, 0°8 em. lata.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, mossy slopes by 2 lake, 7000-8000’.
Fl. Dec. 5536.

This differs from the type-specimen only by its longer stems and larger,
differently coloured flowers.

The flowers are white.

In the dried specimens the flowers of the type as well as those of the
variety are greenish with a large white anther.

DICOTYLEDONEZ.

PrpERACcEs. (C. DE CANDOLLE.)

Prirer arraxranum OC. DC., sp. nov.

Ramulis glabris, junioribus in nodis hirtellis; foliis modice petiolatis glabris,
limbo ovato-acuminato basi ima equilatera acuto apice longe et acute acuminato,
5-nervio, petiolo basi ima vaginante ; peduneulo glabro quam petiolus breviore,
spica quam limbus pluries breviore cylindrica et apice obtusa, thachi | pilosa,
bractee glabre, pelta transverse elliptica centro late et brevissime pedicellata, .

ovario inferne rhachi at haud profunde immerso superne libero ovato et glabro,

stigmatibus rotundato-ovatis.

128

Hab. Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge running up to Angi lakes, in forest, 8000’.
Fl. Dec. 5525.

Dioicum, epiphytum. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm. crassi, collenchyma libriforme in
fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullare, 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus
unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco firmi fuscescentes et pellucido-punctulati, superi
usque ad 5 cm. longi et 2°5 em. lati. Petioli usque ad 5 mm., pedunculi usque
ad 8mm. longi. Spica matura 7 mm. longa, 4 mm. crassa, in sicco nigra.

Piper prtosutiyopum C. DC., sp. nov.

Ramulis tantum in nodis pilosulis, primum levibus postea lineatim lenticellatis ;
foliis parvis modice petiolatis, limbo ovato-acuminato basi obtuso apice obtusiuscule
et sat longe acuminato supra glabro subtus haud dense piloso, 5-nervio, petiolo
piloso basi ima vaginante; pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore, spica florente
quam limbus paullo breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteez glabra, pelta rotunda,
staminibus 2, antheris tetragonis 4-valvatis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., slopes of Koebré ridge between Angi lakes, 8000’. Fi.
Dec. 5624.

Dioicum, epiphytum. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm. crassi, collenchyma libriforme
in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysi-
genus unicus centralis, in ramulis 2 mm. crassis lineatum lenticellatis cellule
sclerose circum collenchyma.: creberrime. Limbi in sicco subcoriacei fuscescentes
et creberrime pellucido-punctulati usque ad 42 cm. longi et 2 cm. lati. Petioli

circiter 5 mm., pedunculi 3 mm. longi. Spice florentes 3 cm. longe, 1 mm.
crass, bractee pelta 0:75 mm. diam.

FAGACES.
Quercus LaurErBacui Seemen in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. Beitr. lvii. 54 ;
Schum. & Laut. 264, t. iv. figs. A-E.

Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, 6000’. Fr. Dec. 6124.

Distrib, New Guinea (D.S.W., Arfak Mts., 6000’, A. E. Pratt ; (Herb.
Brit.) N.E.).

A taJl tree with slender stem. Pratt’s collection consists of a single
acorn, very striking in size, 6°5 cm. long, with cupule 6 cm. by 5 cm. and
nut 4°5 em. long and about the same in breadth, enclosed in the cupule for
1-5 cm. from the base. I came across the same group of irees on the exact
spot kindly described to me by Mr. Pratt; the ground was strewn with
acorns of all sizes, of which the one originally collected would represent the
largest. The leaves are larger than in Seemen’s measurements, with the
veins pilose on the under surface, but they were coliected from young
plants.

UrTicacEa.
Prprurus PAPUANUS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbuscula vel frutex: ramulis internodiis brevibus, cortice rugoso-lenticelloso ;
innovationes tomentose. Folia parva, petiolata, lanceolata, sensim angustata,
acuminata, basi obtusa, integerrima, leviter revoluta, rigide membranacea, supra

129

brunneo-velutina, trinervia, costa media prominente nervis 2 lateralibus, arcuato-
anastomosantibus, reticulo inter venas conspicuo. Glomeruli feminei axillares,
sessiles, pisiformes, densiflori. Pertgonium tomentosum, fructiferum albo-carnosum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by 2? lake, 7000’. Fl. 9,
Fr. Dee. 5955.

Leaves +6 em. by 175 cm., green, but drying a dusty brown, densely
covered on the upper surface with punctiform cystoliths. Petioles 1:3 cm.,,
slender, densely puberulous, Stipules 4 mm., lanceolate, acute, tomentose
on the outside. Glomerules 4 mm. across, in fruit, forming a white swollen
receptacle. Flower 3mm. long; style filiform, hirsute, 2°5mm. Achene
+1 mm. long, covered with short stiff white hairs.

This plant is distinct in the small narrow leaves with scabrid upper
surface and the very well-marked network of minor veins, forming minnte
interstices, covered with dense brown tomentum on the under surface. In
the shape of the leaves it is nearest to P. mindanensis Elm., but differs in the
small size, more rigid texture and entire margins, the prominent venation
with fewer lateral veins, and the brown coloration when dry.

|
hirsuta, pilis albidis adpressis dense obtecta, demum asperrima, subtus subtiliter
|

GipBstA Rendle, gen. nov. (A. B. RENDLE.)

Flores monoici, unisexuales: Maseuli alabastro depresso-globosi, mucronati ;
perianthio fere ad basin 5-partito, segmentis valvatis, ovatis. Sfamina 5, antheris
subrotundis, dorsifixis, in alabastro inflexis. Ovarii rudimentum lanuginosum.
Feminei perianthio brevi, late cupuliforme, persistente et basin fructus cupula
carnosula adnata tegente. Ovariwm ovoideum valde obliquum; stigma apicale,
sessile, discoideum, papillosum, margine setulis fimbriato; ovulum a basi erectum,
micropyle elongata, superne ampliata et fimbriata. Fructus subdrupaceus, parvus,
valde obliquus, exocarpium tenue, carnosulum, et super cupulam demum separabile,
endocarpium crustaceum. Semen conforme, testa membranacea ; albumen carnosum ;

_cotyledones parve, ellipticw ; radicula superior.

Frutices, foliis alternis, petiolatis, crenato-serratis, 3-nerviis, subtus canescentibus.
Stipule membranacex, in unam intrapetiolarem alte bifidam connatex, decidue.
Inflorescentie axillares, solitariz vel bine, foliis multo breviores, dichotome.
Flores in cymulis parvulis androgynis apice ramulorum ultimorum breviter pedi-
cellati. Bractee minute, ovate, scariose.

Recalls the genus Debregeasia in its leaf-characters, but in characters of
flower and fruit is nearest the Malayan and Pacific Island genus Leucosyke,
which, however, has a penicillate stigma and the fruits crowded on a fleshy
receptacle ; there is no trace of a fleshy receptacle in Gibbsia. The fruit is
very characteristic; the upper portion of the thinly succulent exocarp
separates like a cap, and the endocarp enclosing the seed is then readily
separable from the cup formed by the union of the somewhat fleshy perianth

with the lower part of the exocarp.

130
GIBBSIA INSIGNIS Rendle, sp. nov.

Frutex ramulis foliiferis colore cinerascente et pilis brevibus appressis hispidis.
Folia breviter petiolata, lanceolata, acuminata, margine crenato-dentato recurvato,
in facie superiore eleganter reticulato-impressa, hispidula, subtus inter nervos rubros
conspicuos dense albo-tomentosa; petiolus ut in ramulo hispidus. Stipwle infra
medium bifide, triangulari-acute, in margine superiore ciliolate, uninervie. n-
florescentie@ geminatx, sepius bis vel ter dichotome, pedunculo ramisque tenuibus,
foliis 4-2-plo breviores. Cymule sepe floribus evolutis 7. Anthere connectivo
umbonato ; filamenta perianthium equantia. Exocarpiwm lete-brunneum.

Leafy branchlets 2-2-5 mm. thick. Leaves 5-8 cm. long, 1:2-1'7 cm.
wide ; petiole 3-7 mm. long. The leaves have a striking appearance ; the
three main nerves are impressed on the upper face, which is beautifully
embossed with small chequer-like areas representing the transverse and
small connecting veins; the red main nerves on the lower face stand out
conspicuously on the intensely white tomentum covering the rest of the
surface. Stipules 3°5 mm. long, united in the lower third, each with a
strong median nerve. Inflorescences generally in pairs in the leaf-axils, to
2-5 em. long ; the small dense cymes are crowded at the ends of the short
ultimate branches, the number of flowers in each varies—a typical one
is represented in fig. C, of which a diagrammatic analysis is given in fig. D.
Bracts about *5 mm. long. Flowers jointed on very short pedicels, which
are less than 1 mm.long. Bud of male flower 1:5 mm. in diameter, perianth-
segments 1:6-1:7 mm. long. Ovary slightly compressed, ovoid, with a
narrow rounded keel running along the back and bearing a row of short
forwardly-pointing sete, at the base of each of which is a black dot;
similar but slightly larger sete surround the stigmatic disc, covering it
when young but ultimately becoming reflexed (figs. I, J). Fruit about
1 mm. long; crowned with the withered stigmatic disc ; exocarp bright
chestnut-brown. :

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’. FI., Fr.
Dec. 5961. : |

A second species of this genus was collected by Mr. Kloss on Dr.
Wollaston’s Dutch New Guinea Expedition. The material is scanty, but
there is no doubt that it represents a plant congeneric with the Arfak
specimen and a distinct species. A description is appended :—

GIBBSIA CARSTENSZENSIS Rendle, sp. nov.

Frutex ramulis foliiferis veluti in G. insignis hispidis. Folia longius petiolata,
elliptica, acuminata, margine crenato-dentato, -recurvato, in facie superiore reti-
culato-impressa, hispidula, subtus nervis exceptis albido-tomentosa; petiolo tenui,
hispido. Stcpule supra medium bifid, acute. Inflorescentia et fructus velut in
G. insignis.

Leaves 4°5-7 cm. long, 2-2'5 cm. wide ; petiole 1-2°5 em. long; bracts
‘75 mm. long.

nmi SO «ea

131

Hab. Dutch New Guinea :i Mt. Carstensz, 5500-6700'. Collected by

_C.B. Kloss. Er.: Jan. 1913.

Distinguished from G. insignis by its relatively much broader elliptical
leaves and larger petioles ; the upper face is less conspicuously chequered.
The bracts are also somewhat larger.

Fia. 8.

wy

Q
» &)

Gibbsia insignis, Rendle.—A. Branch, bearing leaves and inflorescences ;
B-L. Description in text. A. B. Rendle, anal.; P. Highley, del.

132

Description of Fig. 8 (B-L) (p. 1381).

B. Cymules clustered at the ends of branchlets; x 4.

C. A typical cymule with its subtending bract, B; the terminal female flower was
incompletely developed. a, b, lateral bracteoles, each subtending a female flower
the lateral bracteoles of which (a’, 6' in fig. D) subtend each a male flower—tlie
four male flowers indicated; the stalk of each of these male flowers bears a pair of
minute bracteoles, each of which subtends an undeveloped male flower with a
lateral bracteole. The apex of the inflorescence and the bracteoles a and 6 aro
pushed forward away from the axis. x 15.

. Diagram of same.

. Male flower, with dehiscent anthers; x 4.

. Stamen; X15. G. A stamen taken from a bud, showing the umbo-like dorsal
connective; x 15.

I. Female flower; x 15.

. Young stigma, covered by tke ring of inflexed setze.

. Mature stigma. I and J, x 40.

. Fruit, showing detached upper part of exocarp (a), endocarp containing seed (6),
and cupule (c); x 8.

. Ovule; x 20.

qt wed

ce Ree

SANTALACES.
Exocarpus sp. ?

Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, common in forest undergrowth from 8000-
8500’. Veg. 5617.

A leafless parasite, with dark green, rigid, flattened, much branched
shoots, about 1m. high. The cladodes are 5 mm. broad, showing swollen
round scars alternately up the nodes, on which the flowers are evidently
borne in fascicles. I am indebted to Mr. 8. Moore for this determination,
but, as he points out, in the absence of flowers or fruit the genus must
remain uncertain.

HeENsLoWIA UMBELLATA BI. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. i. (1850) 243=H. Rein-
wardtiana Bl. cf. Koords, Excur-ionsfl. Java, ii. 168; Schum. &
Laut. 300; Nova Guinea, viii, (1910) 287; Ridl. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 146.
Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, open summit, 9000’. Fl, @ 2. Dec. 5623.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Noord River, Versteeg ; Mt. Oarstensz,
Kloss ; N.E.). Java, Sumatra, Central and Eastern Himalayas.
A saprophyte with yellow foliage and flowers.

HENSLOWIA CRASSIFOLIA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex epiphyticus ; ramuli graciles, apice interdum volubile, angulati. Folia
petiolata, parva, ovata, apice apiculata (apiculo demum incurvato), basi acuta,
margine incurvata, lamina demum convexa, crasso-coriacea, in sicco nigrescente-
rugosa, nervis inconspicuis. V/ores 4-5-meri, axillares, sessiles, bracteis minutis,
triangularibus stipati. /os g perigonium 4-fidum; lobi triangulares; stamina 4,
filamenta brevia, anthere loculis didymis. Flos 9 perigonium 4 5-fidum; lobi

|
|

133

triangulares, subacuti ; stamina 0; ovarium inferum, lineare; stylus brevis, stigmate
4-lobo coronatus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., slopes of Koebré Mt., 8000’, epiphytic in forest. F.,
dG Re Ded. 5620.

A green epiphyte with thick leaves. The mature leaves are generally
deflexed (when dried), 8 by 3:5 mm., with margins and apex convexly
incurved—spread out after boiling, they are +8 mm. long and 5 mm.
across. The apiculus often disappears in the mature state, when the apex
is just rounded and incurved. The flowering branches are 4:9 em. long.
The g flowers are fasciculate and extremely minute, 1 mm. long. The
? flowers are 2 mm. long, generally binate. Fruit +5 mm. long and
3 mm. broad, angular and curved, crowned with the persistent lobes of
the perigonium.

This plant, in its very minute thick leaves, with the incurved apiculus, is
distinct from all members of the genus so far known.

PoLYGONACES.

*PoLyconum stTricosum R. Br. Prod. 420.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake. FI., Fr. Dec. 5941.
Distrib, Burma and Malay Peninsula; Java, Philippines; N.E. to
S.E. Australia and Tasmania. Africa.
A very glabrous form with white flowers.

Ponye@onum ALATUM Hmlt.ex Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. (1825) 72; Ridl. in Trans.
Linn. Soe. ser. 2, ix. (1916) 139.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common in open marsh by : lake, 7000’. F'.,
Be. SOLS.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). ripess Arete
Java, Japan, N.W. and S.W. China to India.

Po.yconum BarBaTum L. Spec. Pl. i. 362; Schum. & Laut. 302.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. FI., Fr. Dec.
5940.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Polynesia, N.E. Australia, Malaya, N.W.
to S. Asia. Tropical and 8S. Africa.

A rather reduced form with pink flowers.

MAGNOLIACES.

Drimys (TasMANNIA) BeccartAna Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutez omnino glaber, dioicus, ramuli teretes, cortice cinnamoneo obducti.
Folia obovato-lanceolata, obtusiuscula, basi sensim in petiolum angustata, margine
revoluta, integerrima, coriacea, glanduloso-punctata, rete nervorum utrinque pro-
minente nervis lateralibus ante marginem arcuatim anastomosantibus. ores in
axillis foliorum fasciculatim dispositi. Flos ¢ sepala 2, late oblonga, glanduloso-

134

pellucida. Petala 2 linearia, apicem versus dilatata. Stamina », valde inzequalia,
filamentis ligulatis. Flos Q sepala 2. Petala 2. Stamina 0. Ovaria 2-5,
stipitata, oblique ovata, paululum compressa; stigma decurrens ; ovula 12-16.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., 9000’, edge of shrubberies, where burnt
on summit. Fl., ¢ @. Dee. 5651.

This shrub showed the reddish stems and petioles with greenish-white

flowers so general in the genus, and was fairly abundant in the above |

locality. In the dried specimens the ? plant has a smooth reddish cortex,
whereas in the ¢ plant it is rugulose and flecked with yellow. Leaves
+ 65cm. by 2 cm.; neither leaves nor cortex are pungent or aromatic.

Fic. 9.

Drimys Beccariana Gibbs.—A. 9 flower; B. Longitudinal section of carpel ;
C. ¢ flower: magnified.

Flowers spreading in the axils of the upper leaves on the old wood, on thin
pedicels, 18-2 cm. long. Sepals g 4 mm. long by 35mm. Petals 7 mm.
by 1:5 mm. Stamens 2-4 mm. long. Sepals 2 3:°5 mm. by 3mm. Petals
4mm. by 15 mm. Ovaries 2 mm. by over 1 mm.

This species is so near D. hatamensis Bece. ex descrip. that I concluded
it to be that plant. However, on sending the material to Dr. Beccari
for verification, he most kindly returned me, not only the accompanying
drawings of my species, but also a small piece of D. hatamensis for
comparison ; from this the new species differs in the almost obtuse,
coriaceous and quasi-sessile leaves, only shortly attenuated into the petiole,
the longer thinner pedicels, and the smaller flowers. It is a great pleasure
to dedicate this plant to Dr. Beccari, coming as it does from a region into
which he was the first botanist to penetrate, which will always be associated
with his name through his splendid zoological and botanical work.

ee
—

2 pasar

See RSET: Be]

135

Drimys (TASMANNIA) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, utrinque glaberrima, dioica; rami et ramuli bene foliati ;
cortex fere nigrescente, striati. Folia leviter obovato-lanceolata, basi sensim in
petiolum subalatum satis longum angustata, apice acutiuscula, margine revoluta,
integra, coriacea, supra nitentia, utrinque reticulosa-venosa. Flores parvi, graci-
liter pedicellati e basi innovationum fasciculatim oriundi. Flos 3 sepala 2,
petaloidea. Petala 12-14, ligulata. Ovaria 2-4. . Stigma carnosum, cristatum,
apice introrsum decurrens. Ovula +15.

Hab. Arfak Mts., on S.W. ridge, running up to Angi lakes, 7000-8000’.
Pica e< DOC. Ube.

This tree, with symmetrical dense crown of dark leaves and pendent
white flowers, turning pink later, was abundant in the forest and in a
few open spaces along the crest of the ridge. Largest leaves + 5:5-6 cm.
by 2°3 cm., the midrib conspicuous, with lateral veins anastomosing on the
margin of the leaf. Petiole dark-coloured, 5 mm. long. Pedicels slender,
+ 12ecm.long. Sepals 6 mm.by 2mm. Petals unequal, up to 6 mm. long
and not 1 mm. broad. (The specimens show only expanded flowers: what
I have described as a sepal is still in position on one of the flowers, and as
there is apparently a scar opposite, it points to there being two members,
very caducous, in the outside whorl of the perianth.) Ovaries 4 mm. long.
Leaves, sepals, and ovaries are densely gland-dotted, but neither cortex nor
leaves are pungent to the taste and only very slightly aromatic. This plant
is nearest to D. piperita Hook. f., of N. Borneo, Philippines, and 8.W. New
Guinea. It differs in habit, in the shape and texture of the leaves, and the
much smaller flowers with more numerous and narrower petals.

MoNIMIACES,

PALMERIA ARFAKIANA Bece. Malesia, i. 186.

Arfak Mts., twining in forest, 7000’. Fl, g. Dec. 5676.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Hatam, Mt. Arfak, 5500’, Beccari).

As the ¢ plant only was previously collected, a i rae of the
3 flowers is appended :—

Panicule & opposite +8 cm. longe, quam folia breviores, aliter ut in fl.
femineis. Flores albidi. Receptaculum 4mm. diam., patelliforme, intus hine inde
pilis obtectum, extus dense flavescente-pilosum. Tepala 5, 15 mm. longa, obtuso-
acuminata. Stamina cirea 1-4, eglandulosa. Anthere sessiles } mm. longe.

TRIMENIACES.
Trimenee Perk. & Gilg.
Trib. MonrMTACEARUM emend. :
Flores actinomorphi, “ hermaphroditi, polygami vel dioici. Receptaculum
parvum. TZepala 4-20, parva. Stamina 6-15, biseriata, raro uniseriata, libera,

‘omnia fertilia, filamentis brevissimis, anther rimis longitudinalibus dehiscentes,

136

connectivis apiculatis vel rarius obsoletis. Gyneceum syncarpium, uni- vel bi-
loculare, ovula solitaria, ab apice loculi pendula, anatropa; stylus magnus, pilei-
formis. Arbores. Folia opposita vel alterna, coriacea nisi membranacea, penni-
nervia. Stipule 0. Flores swpius in racemos dispositi, parvi.

TRIMENIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramuli rigidi, subangulati, cortice cinerascente, leviter longi-
tudinaliter striato. Folia opposita, petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, basi in
petiolum attenuata, serrata, membranacea, supra nitidula, subtus minute glanduloso-
punctata. Inflorescentia pedunculata, axillaris, rufo-tomentosa, quam folia triplo
brevior. Flores breviter pedicellati, plerumque hermaphroditi, receptaculo parvo,
hemispherico. Stamina 10-14, biseriata. Ovariwm glandulosum, 1-ovulatum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of forest by 2 lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee. 5743.

Largest leaves 6 by 2 em., drying cinnamon-brown ; the midrib
generally villous, impressed above and prominent below, red-brown, with
many transverse lateral veins. Petiole 6 mm., slender, villous, dark
brown. Racemes 1'5 mm. long (including the 5 mm. peduncle), of 3-4
pairs of flowers with a single terminal one. Flowers in bud, 4 mm. long,
consisting of many spirally imbricating, very caducous scales or perianth-
segments (15 were counted in one flower), 5-7 lower ones smaller and
strongly keeled, ciliate on margins, the upper larger, petaloid (white),
entire. Pedicels 1mm. Stamens 13 (in one flower), 2°5 mm. in length,
with anthers 1 mm. and subulate filaments 1°5 mm. long, the inner series
shorter. Ovary 1:5 mm. long, while still enclosed in the perianth-segments,
when the immature stigma is grooved by the pressure of the inner series of
stamens on the papille, forming vertical lines growing out later. The
papille cover the stigma on maturity. After the fall of the perianth-
segments, the ovary is 2°5 mm. long. Receptacle minute, + °5 mm.
across.

This plant is nearest 7. papuana Ridl., but differs in the rufous tomentum
on the young parts and inflorescence, in the non-acuminate, serrate, and
membranous leaves, and the small simple racemes.

IpenBureia Gibbs, gen. nov.

Flores hermaphroditi. Receptaculum parvum, bilaterale. Tepala 4, petaloidea,
2-seriatim imbricata, decussata, subequalia, caducissima. Stamina 6-9-10, pistillum
circumdantia post anthesin caduca, ad apicem receptaculi 1—2-seriatim affixa ;
filamenta libera, lata, crassa, brevissima, anthere pro rata magne, adnate, lineare-
oblonge, loculis parallelis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, connectivo plano vel
apice apiculato. Ovariwm syncarpium, bicarpellatum, oblongum, biloculare, stigma
maximum, sessile, pileiforme, apice truncatum, carnosum, sicut ovarium filamentis
impressis longitrorsum rugatum; ovula 2, in quoque lgeulo 1 ab apice pendulum,
anatropum. Fructus ignotus. Arbor vel arbuscula, glaberrima, folia alterna vel
opposita, petiolata, glanduloso-serrata, penninervia. Flores pedicellati, in racemos
terminales, breves, pauciflores dispositi.

137

This genus is nearest to the monotypic Piptocalyz, so far only known
from N.H. Australia, in the reduced number and arrangement of the perianth-
segments and the shape of the stigma; but it approaches Trimenia in the
hermaphrodite flowers, differing from both in the terminal inflorescence,
larger flowers, thick stamens with very short strap-shaped filaments, and
bilocular ovary. In habit both species agree with 7rimenia, but the leaves.
in J. novo-guineensis differ in being small and coriaceous, alternately to
sub-verticillately arranged, while J. arfakensis, on the contrary, approaches
Piptocalyex in the large opposite leaves, pseudo-herbaceous in texture,
produced at the apex in a long caudate appendage.

Fie. 10,

Idenburgia novo-guineensis Gibbs.--A. Branch; B. Flower with tepals ; C. Inner
tepal; D. Flower, tepals shed; E. Ovary; F, Showing pressure of stamens
at base of ovary ; G. Transverse section of ovary; H. Stamen.

IDENBURGIA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, glaberrima, rami erecti, teretes, cortice cinerascente, striguloso
obducti, innovationes rufescentes. Folia parva, alterna vel subverticillata, petiolata,
oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacuta, basi in petiolum attenuata, glanduloso-serrata,
recurvata, coriacea, supra minute punctata. Tepaia 4, biseriata, albida, rotundata,
obtusa, margine subcrenulata. Stamina 8-9. Ovarium late ovoideum, aliquanto
compressum, glabrum. ~

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., edge of shrubberies on summit, 9000’.
Fl. Dee. 5654.

138

A small symmetrical tree, fastigiate in habit, with red stems and whitish-
green flowers, recalling Drimys sp. in habit and colouring. Leaves + 5 by
1:5 cm. with petiole + 1:5 mm. included ; the leaves show conical marginal
glandular teeth, dark red in colour, and a thick midrib produced at the
extreme apex of the leaf, impressed on the upper, dull red and prominent on
the lower surface, where it shows 2-4 transverse lateral veins, anastomosing

Fig. 11.

2.23.

Idenburgia arfakensis Gibbs.—A. Branch, nat. size; B. Flower, tepals shed ;
C. Ovary; D. Longitudinal section of ovary; E. Stamen; F, Stamen, after dehiscence.

on the margins. Inflorescence + 6 by 1-6 em. Flowers with sepals 6 mm.
long and about the same in breadth. The longest pedicels are 8 mm. long
by ‘5-1 mm. thick, spreading at the apex into a small bilateral receptacle
2 mm. across. Stamens 6 mm. long. Anthers 5 mm. long, with the cells

a ee

139

sometimes confluent at the apex. Filaments 1 mm. long and +°5 mm.
thick, with the connective produced at the apex. The ovary is flattened in
one plane, 4 mm. by 2°5 mm., 8-10-angled according to the number of
stamens. The thick circular style is 1 mm. high.

IDENBURGIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbuscula, glaberrima, ramuli divaricati, cortice striato cinerascente preediti.
Folia opposita, petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, tenuiter caudato-acuminata, basi »ttenuata,
glanduloso-serrata, membranacea, nervis subtus prominentibus 5-6, rete venulorum
eonspicuo. acemus terminalis, foliis duplo brevior. Tepala 4, petaloidea, decus-
sato-imbricata, rotundata, apice obtusa. Stamina 6, antherarum connectivo haud
apiculato.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, on open summit, 9000’. Fl. Dec.
6003.

Leaves 11 by 3:3 em. (ineluding petiole 6 mm. long and acumen 1°5 cm.
by 1 mm.), dull brown in colour above with veins barely visible, lighter
beneath with dark brown veins, the midrib being produced into the extreme
apex of the acumen. Racemes 2 em. long; pedicels 6 mm. long, the upper
ones shorter. Flowers 5 mm. long in bud. Stamens 4 mm. long and
1:1 mm. broad, with the rim of the anthers +5 mm. broad and filaments red-
brown, when dry. Ovary 3mm. long. Stigma just over 1 mm. high.

The Trimeniaceze comprise the two anomalous genera Trimenia and
Piptocalyx (1 cannot accept Xymalos as showing any affinity with either
genus), which have so far been included in Monimiacez, under Tribe II.
Trimeniese, though showing little relation to such a systematic position ;
indeed Perkins and Gilg (Das Pflanzenreich, iv. 101. 11), the monographers
of that order, consider that with a better knowledge of the two genera they
would probably show themselves as not related to the Monimiacee. The
correctness of this point of view is borne out by the discovery of the new
genus Idenburgia, including two species very closely related to both the
above genera, but with a synearpous bilocular ovary.

A very interesting sequence in development is shown in the floral
structure of the three genera. In Jdenburgia the flowers are hermaphrodite,
whereas both Trimenia (T. weinmannicefolia Seem. from Fiji, for many years
the sole representative of the genus) and Piptocalyx were supposed to be
diccious ; 7. papuana Ridley, however, recently discovered in Dutch 8.W-
New Guinea by Kloss, like J. arfakensis, is hermaphrodite, The monotypic
Piptocalyzx is dicecious.

The many spiraliy-arranged perianth segments of Trimenia, graduating
from scales to petaloid tepals, are reduced in Piptocalyx to six biseriate
petaloid tepals ; whereas in Jdenburgia we get four large biseriate petaloid
tepals—in each case, however, equally caducous, falling before anthesis,
exposing the stamens before these mature. The structure of the stamens

M

140

is identical in the three genera, though in Jdenburgia they are larger and
more massive in size and appearance.

Dr. Rendle kindly examined the pollen, which is tetrahedral in shape,
offering no points of interest or comparison.

The unilocular ovary of Trimenia and Piptocalya is identical in structure
with the bilocular Jdenburgia. This organ is somewhat flattened in one
plane, showing angulation according to the pressure and number of the
inner whorl of stamens, or in J. arfakensis the one whorl of stamens. The
peculiar massive, sessile stigma is also identical, but the shape is masked
in the first two genera by the outgrowth of papilla. In Trimenia, however,
in the younger stages, the lines formed by the pressure of the stamens
before the outgrowth of the papillae show the similarity of structure with
that of Idenburgia.

The anatomical characters agree with those given in Perkins and Gilg’s
Monograph of the Monimiaceze. The wood in all three genera is soft
and pithy. In the three species of Trimenia which I have been able to
compare with Jdenburgia there is absolute conformity. The primary cortex
is characterized by stone cells, united in groups, though in J. arfakensis
these show a more or less continuous ring; balsam cells, with contents
soluble in alcohol, are scattered through the bast. The xylem is composed
of radial rows of often chambered vessels of considerable size, with 1—4-celled
medullary rays, and is succeeded by a large medulla of parenchymatous cells
without contents. In J. arfakensis the vessels of the wood are much smaller.

There is the same agreement in the structure of the leaves so far as
Trimenia and Puseaiie are concerned ; but in Idenburgia we get a
difference between the two species, viz., the small alternately disposed
coriaceous leaves of J. novo-guineensis show a very small-celled epidermis
without stomata, no hypoderm, then a regular two-layered palisade-tissue,
the lower row of much smaller cells, succeeded by a loose-celled spongy
parenchyma and a small-celled epidermis, which alone shows stomata. The
much larger quasi-membranous leaves of J. arfakensis agree in structure
with those of Trimenia and Piptocalyx, as given in the Monograph and
examined by myself, viz., a small-celled epidermis, without stomata, no
palisade-tissue or hypoderm, but a very loose-celled mesophyll interspersed
with large secretory cells and showing stomata on the lower epidermis only.
Balsam, soluble in alcohol, is distributed equally through all the tissues
of leaf and stem in J. novo-guineensis, giving the a red colouring
which recalled Drimys in the field.

This genus is named in honour of Mr. A. W. F. Idenburg, lately Governor-
General of the Netherlands Indies, to whom I am indebted for the many
facilities which his great courtesy and interest in the scientific scope of the

proposed work most generously assured me while in Dutch N.W. New
Guinea,

141

NEPENTHACESR. (J. M. Macrarnane.)

NeEPENTHES MAXIMA Reinw. in Ann. Se. Nat. iii. (1824) 369, t. xx. f. 2.
Var. MINOR Macfarlane, var. nov. Omnibus partibus minor.

Arfak Mts., in open marsh by 9? lake, 7000’, abundant. Fl., Fr. Dec.
5502.

Distrib. (of type). New Guinea (D.N.W., Hatam, Mt. Arfak, Beccart ;
D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; S.E. (Sogeri region), Forbes). Amboina,
Celebes, N. Borneo.

‘‘ Also common in small mossy and moss-grown forest on the 8. W. ridge,
running up to Angi lakes, from 8000-9000’. Both in the small forest of
the ridges and in the open marsh this plant was uniformly seen of the small
dimensions of the specimens collected.” The great interest attaching to this
material is that it is a truly dwarf or nanoid form, which in every particular
is smuller than the typical species—this peculiarity being true alike of stem,
leaves, pedicel, and infloreseence.

NeEPENTHES AMPULLARIA Jack, in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. (1835) 271; F.
*Muell. Pap. Pl. 52; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 339.
Arfak Mts., Monswoon Been, ? lake, 7000’, coll. by A. E. Pratt. ¢ @
Fl. Dec. (0. Stapf.)
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Noord River, Versteeg ; 8.E.). Malay

Peninsula, N. Borneo, Sumatra.

SaAXIFRAGACEA.

PULLEA PAPUANA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramosa; ramuli teretes, bene foliati, glabri; cortice brunneo-
cinerascente. Folia opposita, petiolata, crasse coriacea, lanceolato-ovata, basi
cuneata, in petiolum angustata, apice obtusa vel emarginata, penninervia, venis
ramulisque copiosis reticulata; utrinque glabra, obscure repanda. Panicula folia
excedentibus e capitulis parvis pluribus subdistantibus, nunnunquam bifloris vel
etiam unifloris persistentibus. Calyce 5-lobato; lobi membranacei, tomentosuli.
Petala 0. Stamina 10, libera, calycem excedentia; anther dorsifixe. Glandule
5-10, apice inerassato-foveolate. Styli 2, liberi. Ovariwm inferum, tubo calycis
adnatum, biloculare ; ovula 4, ab apice septi pendula.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of forest by ¢ lake, 7000’. Fl. Dec. 5576.

On the specimens collected the largest leaves are + 5°4 by 3 cm., with
the median vein reddish in colour on the upper and prominent on the lower
surface, the 5-6 lateral veins enclosing raised reticulate areas, the ultimate
nerve-endings being reduced to fine hair-lines. The petioles are red-brown,
glabrous, flattened above. Stipules 1 cm. long, very caducous, subulate and
pubescent. Inflorescence + 8 by 2 em., with peduncle 3-4°5 cm. long,
faintly pubescent, scented; secondary peduncles in 1-2 superposed whorls,

M2

142

25-3 em. long, bearing small capitula, over 5 mm. across, of 6-7 flowers,
each flower subtended by a small caducous, concave, pubescent bract 1°5 mm.
long. Calyx-lobes 2 by 1 mm., ovate acute, adnate to the ovary. Longest
stamens with anthers 3 mm. long. Style 2°5 mm. long, subulate with
minute punctiform stigma. Ovary 12 mm. long, pubescent, adnate to the
axis.

This plant is very near Callicoma Stutzeri F. Muell., first distributed by
him as Stutzeria callicomoides, then reduced to Callicoma, as, in the absence
of fruit, he considered the generic position dubious. It undoubtedly belongs
to Pullea, the only descrepancy being in the position of the ovules, which
are figured for Pullea (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lii. (1914) 165, fig. 9) as lateral ;
whereas in both the above plants they are inserted as described by
von Mueller for P. Stutzeri, which is distinguished from Callicoma by the
glands—erroneously called petals by him, but correctly described as glands
by Bailey (‘ Queensland Flora,’ pt. ii. 536),—which occur opposite the inner
whorl of stamens, and the more or less inferior to semisuperior ovary. The
Arfak plant is distinct from the above in the obscurely dentate, obtuse, more
reticulate leaves, the more compound, less densely capitate inflorescence,
smaller flowers, greater number of glands, and the inferior ovary.

CUNONIACES.

SPIRHANTHEMUM BULLATUM Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramuli teretes, cinereo-pubescentes. Folia ternatim verticillata,
petiolata, suborbicularia, rotundata, in petiolum brevem attenuata, margine integer-
rima, revoluta, bullata, superne hirsuta demum glabra et nitentia, utrinque nervis
hirsutis impressis, lateralibus 4-6 prope marginem arcuatim anastomosantibus,
subtus prominentibus. Stipule subulate, pubescentes, mox caduee. Panicula
axillaris vel terminalis, puberula, foliis longior. lores albidi, longe pedicellati,
4-meri. Calyx lobis acutis. Stamina 8, alternatim inequalia, majora calycem
superantia. Disci squamule 8, obtuse. Carpella 4, incano-pilosa, stylis staminibus
zequalibus coronata.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ¢ lake and on S.W.
ridge running up to the lakes. Fl. Dee. 5543.

The leaves of this species are very distinct, the largest being 5 em. by
over 3°5 cm., with veins so impressed on the upper surface that they limit
raised lateral reticulate areas, which make the leaves very concave and
bullate in appearance, the convex under surface being lighter in colour
and tomentose. The young leaves are densely pubescent on both surfaces.
Petioles 8 mm. long, pilose. Panicles 8-13 cm. by 4°3-4°5 cm., composed
of ternately verticillate cymes, with bracts simulating foliage-leaves greatly
reduced in size. Flowers 2 mm. long, sometimes 5-lobed, pilose with
_ scattered dark glandular hairs, as are also the pedicels, which are 2 mm. long,

143

articulated above the middle. Stamens 3 mm. long, including globose
anthers + °5 mm. long, glabrous. Carpels sometimes 3, with glabrous styles
nearly 2 mm. long.

This plant is distinct from known members of the genus in the almost
orbicular bullate leaves and the terminal inflorescence, much longer than
the leaves. It approaches S. integrifolium Pulle from the Hellwig Mts. in
S.W. New Guinea, but is distinguished by the ternate arrangement of the
leaves and the 5-lobed calyx.

RosacE2&.

Rvusvus Gtomeratus Bl. Bijdr. 1111; Rid]. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot.
ix. (1916) 35.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000', common on edge of forest and in Papuan
“kebuns” on W. side of 2? lake. Fl., Fr. Dec. 5976.
Distrib, New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; 8.E.). Malay
Peninsula, Java, N. Borneo.
Under surface of leaves rusty brown ; flowers white ; fruit red, not sweet.

LEGUMINOSA.

Desmopium Scaupe DC. Prod. ii. 334.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, in forest and where burnt by lake. Fl.
Jan. 5902.

Distrib. India, Ceylon, Java, N. Borneo, Timor, Celebes, Philippines ;
Mauritius and tropical Africa.

RUTACES.

TERMINTHODIA ROTUNDIFOLIA Ridl., sp. nov.

Frutex, ramis crassiusculis. Folia opposita, obovata, rotundata, basi angustata
coriacea, nervis vix conspicuis 3 paribus, 2°4 cm. longa, 1:5 em. lata, petiolis vix
2mm. longis. F/ores singuli in axillis superioribus, pedunculo brevi 3 mm. longo,
angulato. Bractee ‘brevissime, ovate, acute. Pedicellus crassus, 2 mm. longus.
Sepala 4, brevissima, ovata, obtusa. Petala 4, ovata, acuta, persistentia. Staminodia
nulla. Stamina 4, filamenta linearia crassiuscula, anthere oblonge rotundate.
Discus pulviniformis. Stylus brevior cylindricus. Oocct 2, ovati, acuti, lignosi,
4mm. longi. Endocarpio soluto. Semina singula in cocci alis lanceolatis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Koebré Mt., summit, in open, 9000’. Fl.
(green), Fr. Dec. 5652.

Differs from 7. oppositifolia Ridl., of Mt. Carstensz, in its stouter habit,
rounded small leaves, with few nerves nearly sessile, and very short inflors
escences of a single flower. I see no traces of the staminodes which occur
in T. oppositifolia. It agrees with this species in the single seed to each
coccus. There are now three species of this genus known—one from

144

Gunong Tahan in the Malay Peninsula, which differs notably in having two
seeds in each coccus, and this species and 7. oppositifolia Ridl. in New
Guinea. (H. N.R.)

ACRONYCHIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex prostratus vel erectus; ramuli teretes, bene foliati, cortice fusco-
nigrescente circumdati. Folia parva, opposita, simplicia, petiolata, apice obtusa vel
acuta, basi cuneata, margine integerrima, revoluta, coriacea, glabra. Corymbi
axillares, breviter pedunculati, 1- vel 4-flori. Petala 4, patentia, valvata, apice
incurva. Calyx brevis, 4-lobus. Stamina 8, subwqualia, filamentis ligulatis, glabris.
Discus prominens, 8-gonus. Ovarium 4-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis, ovula super-
posita. Bacca carnosa, 4-sperma.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., on burnt open summit, 9000’ FIl., Fr.
Dec. 5610.

This shrub was characteristic of the exposed summit of the ridge asso-
ciated with Myrtus prostrata, either spreading or erect to + 1 m. in height,
with thick stems and dark green foliage. Leaves + 3 cm. by 13-2 em.,
roundish to lanceolate in shape, the veins, showing tertiary reticulations, are
prominent on both surfaces. Petiole thick, channelled above, 9 mm. long.
Petals + 4mm. by 1:2 mm. Stamens 3-6 mm. long. Ovary with disc and
style 2°5 mm. long, the latter showing a few hairs at the base. Fruit red-
brown in colour (dried), + 9 by 7 mm.

This plant is distinct in its dwarfed habit and mostly thick, almost round
leaves from any members of the genus so far known.

ACRONYCHIA PAPUANA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva. Folia opposita, petiolata, uni-foliolata, apice cuspidato-obtusa,
basi cuneata, margine integerrima, chartacea, utrinque nitentia, glanduloso-punctata.
Cyme@ parve, axillares, pedunculate, 1—3-flore. Calyx 4-fidus, persistens, laciniis
semi-orbiculatis. Petala albida, decidua, lineari-lanceolata, apice inflexa, subhamata.
Stamina 8, filamentis patentibus complanatis, inferne ciliatis. Ovariwm tetragonum,
disco 8-glanduloso impositum, stylus magnus, basin versus pilosus, 4-loculare, loculis
biovulatis, ovulis superpositis. Fructus viridis, carnosus, tetraspermus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of spinneys by ? lake, 7000’. FL, Fr. Dec.
5958. :

The specimens show rather attenuated branching, with long internodes
and thin round greyish-brown stems. Leaves + 6 em. by 3 cm., greyish in
colour, the same on both sides (dried), the cusps under 1 mm. long, with
well-marked midrib and many transverse parallel veins anastomosing on ihe
margins. Petioles + 5 mm. long, terete and thick, articulated below the
Jamina. Cymes with flowers barely 1°5 em. long, peduncle and pedicel
each +5 mm. long. Petals 4 mm. by 15 mm., gland-dotted in the upper
portion. Stamens strap-shaped, 2-5 mm. long, those opposite the petals
somewhat shorter. Ovary with style 2mm. long. Fruit + 6 mm. in length
and breadth.

145

- This plant is very near A. levis Forst., common in New Caledonia and
N.K. Australia, only differing in the cuspidate leaves and much reduced
cymes with smaller flowers.

EvurHorBIaces&. (J. HUTCHINSON.)
HoMALANTHUS ARFAKIENSIS Hutchinson, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramulis junioribus flexuosis in sicco costatis glabris. Folia ovato-
lanceolata, sensim subacute acuminata, basi rotundata, 4-6 cm. longa, 2-8 em. lata,
chartacea, utrinque supra impresso-reticulata, glabra ; costa supra prominula, infra
prominens; nervi laterales utrinsecus 7-9, a costa sub angulo lato abeuntes, infra
prominuli, prominenter conjuncti; petioli 1-2 cm. longi, purpurascentes, supra late
canaliculati, glabri; stipule caduce, lanceolate, acute, 1 cm. longe, tenuiter char-
tacere, glabra. Inflorescentia ¢ axillaris, racemosa, basi flore 2 solitario instructa,
circiter 2 cm. longa, glabra. Flores ¢ brevissime pedicellati, basi glandulosi.
Anthere sessiles, circiter 6. Flores 2: pedicelli demum 15 em. longi, recurvati,
costati. Calya breviter patelliformis, membranaceus, glaber, basi extra glandulo
magno carnoso ornatus. Ovariwm bDiloculare, glabrum, stylo nullo, stigmatibus.
2 divaricatis 3°5 mm. longis. Fructus non visus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ¢ lake, 7000’. FI.,
38 2. Dec. 5966.

*Giocnipion Merritt Robinson in Phil. Journ. Sci. iv. (1909) 100.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ? lake. FI., Fr. Dec, 5735.
Distrib. Philippines.

SAPINDACES.

Dopoya viscosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19; Schum. & Laut. 423; Nova
Guinea, viii. (1907) 172; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix.
(1916) 32.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, edge of Foteat and spinneys by ¢ lake.
Fr. Dec. 5557.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Okaba, Brandenhorst ; Mt. Carstensz,
Kloss ; N.E. and adjacent islands). India, Indo-China, Malaya, Polynesia,
Australia, New Zealand.

BALSAMINACBE.

Impatiens Herzoe K. Sch. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. ix. (1887) 204 ; Schum.
& Laut. 425.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, marshy places in forest by ? lake. FI.
Dee. 5537.
Distrib, N.E. New Guinea.

About 1 m. high, with red stems, red veins to leaves, and white flowers.
This beautiful species was always found in boggy places in the forest, as
the latter ran out on the open marsh. Though rather smaller in all
parts, which is to be expected from the altitude, the above specimens agree
perfectly with Schumann’s species.

146

ELHZOCARPACES.

Exxocarrus (MonocerA) KOEBRENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva; innovationes dense fusco-sericeo-pubescentes ; ramuli
quadrangulares, demum teretes, cinnamomei, glabrescentes. -Folza alterna, petiolata,
elliptica, basi cuneata, apice subacuta vel obtusa, serrata, incurvata, coriacea, supra

Fie. 12,

£.£.8.

Eleocarpus koebrensis Gibbs.—A. Branch, nat. size ; B. Portion of flower ;
C. Stamen; D. Ovary with disc; E. Transverse section of ovary.

nitida, subtus pubescentia. Racemi fuseo-pubescentes, quam folia longiores. Flores
parvi, albidi, hermaphroditi. Sepala 5, valvata, pubescentia. Petala 5, apice
laciniata, basi extus puberula. Stamina 10-14, filamentis filiformibus, glabris,

147

antheris minutis, aristatis. Ovariwm sessile, disco sub 5-lobo impositum, puberulum,
3-loculare, loculis 4-ovulatis; ovula parva, pendula.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, edge of forest and burnt open summit,
9000’. Fl. Dec. 5737.

A densely branching shrub or small tree, with crowded leaves and white
flowers with brownish calyx. Largest leaves + 5 cm. by 2°5 em, with im-
pressed midrib, and 3-6 lateral veins, with prominent reticulation on the upper
surface ; on the lower both midrib and lateral veins are conspicuously raised.
Racemes 4-10 cm. long, single in the axils of the upper leaves, in two cases
showing proliferation of the rhachis at the apex. Peduncle 1-1°5 em. long.
Flowers *5 cm. long. Pedicels 1 cm. long, with bracts linear-lanceolate,
5 mm. by 15 mm. Sepals 3 mm. by 15 mm. Petals 5 mm. long,
laciniate + 4 of length, contracted into a thickened keel at the base.
Stamens with filaments 1 mm. long and anthers 3°2 mm. long, dehiscing at
the apex. Ovary 1°5 mm. long with subulate style 2 mm. long.

The nearest affinity to this plant is Z. coriaceus Hook. f. from the moun-
tains of Ceylon, at 6000’. It differs in the tawny pubescence of the young
shoots, under surface of leaves and inflorescence, and in the smaller flowers.

SERICOLEA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor; ramuli teretiusculi, bene foliati, innovationes sericei, demum
glabrati. Folia opposita, breve petiolata, oblongo-ovata, obtusa vel apiculata, basi
rotundata, minute dentata, coriacea, superne glabra, subtus pilis aureo-fulvis dense
sericea. Racemi axillares, pedunculati, 2—4-flori, foliis qualongis, pedicellis
filiformibus, sericeis. lores parvuli, nutantes, 5-meri. Sepala oblongo-lanceolata,
obtusiuscula, extus sericea, carinata. Petala cuneato-obovata, apice truncata vel —
brevissime trilobata, basin versus puberula. Stamina 15, biseriata, puberula ;
filamentis filiformibus, antheris oblongis, apice transverse breviter dehiscentibus.
Discus obtuse 5-lobatus, lobis patentibus minutis, glabris. Ovariwm glabrum,
biloculare, loculis 2-ovulatis. Stylus glaber, subulatus, apice bilobatus. Fructus
baccatus, glaber.

Hab. Arfak Mts., in upper forest and on the open plateau summit of
Koebré ridge, 8500-9000’. FI., Fr. Dec. 5613.

A much branched shrub to small tree, with stiff erect branches. Largest
leaves 2 by 1 cm. with petioles + 2 mm. long, the median vein impressed
above and very prominent below, with many transverse lateral veins, inter-
connected by fine reticulations. Racemes + 2-2°5 cm. long, including
peduncles + 8mm. long. Sepals 3 mm. long. Petals 4 by 1°5 mm. across.
Stamens 2°5 mm. including anthers 1 mm. long. Ovary 1 mm. long.
Style 1 mm. long ; in one case a 3-locular ovary with 3 ovules in each
loculus and 3-lobed stigma was seen, and in another 3 ovules were present
in one loculus of a bilocular ovary. Fruit 6 mm. long with crustaceous
endocarp and fleshy exocarp.

This plant is very near S, Gaultheria (F. Muell.) Schltr. from Mt. Yule

148

in 8.E. New Guinea (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. liv. (1916) 100). It differs in the
smaller leaves with much shorter tomentum underneath, the few-flowered
racemes, and the truncate to 3-lobed petals.

SERICOLEA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Fruticulus epiphyticus, sparsim ramosus. Rami teretiusculi, innovationes fulvo-
sericei. Folia opposita, ovata, acuminata, basi rotundata, minute dentata, incurvata,
superne glabra, subtus fulvo-sericea, multinervia, reticulationibus conspicuis; petiolo
brevi, sericeo. Racemi abbreviati, pedunculati; floribus parvis, oppositis vel sub-
umbellatis, pedicellis gracilibus fultis. Bractee lanceolate, acuminate. Sepala 4,
lanceolata, acuta, extus sericea, carinata. Petala’ 4, cuneato-obovata, apice truncata
et brevissime trilobata, basi ciliata. Stamina 1-2, puberula. Discus 5-lobatus.
Ovarium conicum, glabrum, biloculare; stylus subulatus; stigma truncatum ;
ovula in loculo utroque 2, pendula, anatropa.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, ridge above ? lake, 8000’. Fl. Dee.
6009.

Epiphyte with hanging branches +°50 m. long, in moss-grown small
forest. Leaves 3°5 em. including hair-like acumen +5 em. long by 19 cm.
broad. Petiole 2 mm. long. Racemes +3 em. long, including peduncle
+1:4 em. and pedicels 1:1 cm., both slightly sericeous ; flowers 4 mm., pink.
Sepals 2°5 mm. long. Petals 4mm. Stamens 1°5 mm. long; anthers shorter
than the filaments, with apical dehiscence. Ovary and style +3 mm. long.

This delicate little plant is, so far, distinct in Sericolea in the more remote
pairs of leaves and the 4-merous pink flowers.

The leaves were infested with Leptothyrella sericolee Ramsbottom (p. 64).

Pyrsonota Ridl. and Mischopleura Wernham=Sericolea. In the generic
diagnosis of the latter 10 stamens are given, but in one bud of S. ovalifolia
examined 15 stamens were seen.

DILLENIACER,

HisBeErTIA (SUBSESSILES) NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex prostratus ; rami volubiles, teretes, junioribus pubescentibus, demum glab-
rati. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, in petiolum basi dilatatum longe attenuata,
integra, chartacea, superne glabra, inferne villosula. Flores solitarii, terminales,
subsessiles, flavi. Sepala longe ovata, acuminata, coriacea, concava, subtus villosa.
Petala 5, obovato-obtusa, integra. Stamina calyce breviora, antheris linearibus,
filamentis filiformibus. Ovaria 5; styli flexuosi; stigmata simplicia, apice concava.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, spreading on burnt open summit, 9000’.
Fl. Dec. 5619.

A twining woody plant with large yellow flowers. Largest leaves +8°5
by 1 em., the midrib much impressed on the upper surface and prominent on
the lower. Flowers +4 em. across. Sepols unequal, 1°5-1°8 em. by 9 mm.
Petals 15 by 1°2-3 em., equalling the sepals. Stamens unequal, red-brown
in colour (dried), the longest 6 mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long, with apical

149

pores ; filaments 4 mm. long. Ovaries 4 mm. and styles 6 mm. long. The
material is insufficient to determine the number of ovules in each ovary.

A species which resembles in habit and flowers H. scandens (Willd.) Gilg,
from Queensland and New South Wales, but is at once distinguished by the
_ more linear leaves and smaller flowers, and the longer stamens with shorter
anthers and longer filaments. This is the first record of the genus from
New Guinea and adds another to the long list of genera so far considered
limited to Australia. The genus is also common to New Caledonia, and
further investigation will no doubt prove it to be widely spread in New
Guinea.

GUTTIFERS.
Hypericum mutitum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 787; ¢fr. Maximowicz in Bull. Ac.
Sc. St. Petersburg, xi. (1881) 171.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, 7000’, open marsh by ? lake. Fl. (yellow),
Fr. Dec. 5963.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Sumatra,
Java, N. Borneo, Philippines, Central and 8. China; New Zealand and
Tasmania. Madagascar. N. and 8. America.

VIOLACEA.

*VioLa pistans Wall. Cat. n. 4022.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake, 7000’, creeping amongst
grass. Fl., Fr. Dec. 5962.

Distrib. Temperate Himalayas, Nilghiri Mts. to Ceylon. 8. China.

Flowers white, striped violet on lower lip. Drawings of the style on
herbarium sheets at Kew and the British Museum, including some excellent
dissections by the late C. B. Clarke, show complete identity with the above
specimens, which only differ in the so far recorded colour of the flowers
(violet and blue).

BEGONIACESA.

SYMBEGONIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba, caule erecto in sicco rufo, pilis paucis longis suberectis pubescentibus
onusto. Folia sessilia, oblique lanceolata vel ovata, basi uniauriculata, apice angus-
tata acuta, grosse serrato-dentata, supra glabra, subtus albo-punctata, in nervis
rufo-pubescentia. Inflorescentia terminalis, a basi ramosa, bracteis multis, latis,
apice obtusis, albidis. Flores ¢ sepalis 2; staminibus haud multis in columnam
gracilem connatis, supra liberis; antheris globosis. Fructus solitarii vel bini,
pedicellati, 3-alati, pedunculo fructifero puberulo, alis apice divaricatis, protractis,
acutis, sparsim serratis. Placenta bitida.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in forest by ? lake. Fl. g, Fr. Dee.
6953.

The white bracts and flowers made this plant conspicuous in the field.

150

The terete and slender stems are 2 mm. thick, with very sharply serrate-
dentate leaves, the largest being 6°5 cm. by 3 em.; the acute, reddish,
membranous stipules 1 cm. long and 4 mm. broad at the base. The inflor-
escence, + 2 mm. long, is branched at the base and consists of several pairs
of bracts in the axils of which the ¢ flowers arise. The ¢ perianth is
longly pilose, later glabrous, + °*8 mm. across at the base of the segments,
and about the same in length. The fruit is 1 em. long and 16-2 cm.
broad, the wings being *5 mm. in the middle and *6-9 mm. at the apex ;
they may be unequally developed, and in one case four wings were seen.
The capsules are generally binate, on pedicels ‘6-1 m. long, and peduncles
7-8 mm. long, pubescent.

This species is very near S. bracteosa Warb., but is easily distinguished
by the white bracts, the thinner column and fewer stamens of the ¢ flowers,
and the different shape of the wings of the capsule. :

SYMBEGONIA PARVIFOLIA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba, caule erecto, in sicco striato, rufo-pubescente, demum glabro. Folia
minima, fere sessilia, anguste lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi obliqua, distanter et
irregulariter dentata, supra sparse glanduloso-pilosa, subtus in nervis rufo-pubescentia.
Inflorescentia sanguinea, terminalis, flores ¢ 1 vel 2 in axillis bractearum superiorum
dispositi. Perianthio florum dg 2-segmentato, staminibus paucis in columnam
tenuissimam ordinatis, antheris parvis, stipitatis. Fructus 3-alatus, alis erectis,
protractis, faleatis, mucronulatis ut pedunculus glabris.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Koebré Mt., in small high forest, 7000’.
Fl. 3, Fr. Dee. 5644.

This little plant is 3-2 em. high, branching towards the apex, with
stem, leaves, and indumentum red ; the stem is terete, 3 mm. thick at the
base. Stipules are transparent, brown, + 5 mm. by 2 mm., with midrib
produced as mucro +1 mm. long. Largest leaf is + 3 em. by 8°7 mm.
The inflorescence is + 2 cm. long by ‘9 mm. with 2-5 pairs of red, ovate-
lanceolate, petaloid bracts ; the lower or lowest pairs may be sterile. The
flowers are pink, on pubescent pedicels 1 mm. long. Perianth ¢ glabrous,
conspicuously net-veined, 7 mm. long and 5 mm. across at the base of the
segments, which enclose the +4 cm. long column, of which the stamens
are d mm. long. The fruit is 1:2 em. by 7 mm., with wings 2 mm. broad
halfway up and 4 mm. at the apex of the capsule.

This plant in its small stature and leaves is very distinct from all
Symbegonias so far described.

MYRTACES.
Myrtus FLAVIDA Stapf in Hook. Te. Pl. t. 2290, var. aLABRESCENS Gibbs,
var. nov.

A typo differt habitu glabrescente, foliis majoribus, internodiis longioribus,
nervis lateralibus minus conspicuis.

151

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on 8.W. ridge, where open on summit, 8000’.
F]. Dee. 5503.

I have found it impossible to separate this plant from the Kinabulu
species, which at first glance looks distinct, because of the white villous indu-
mentum densely covering the young shoots. The leaves of the Arfak plant
are quite glabrous on both sides, but no young shoots are present on the
specimens. The yellow flowers, 1-16 in the axils of the leaves, are identical
in size and structure, even to the small number of ovules, 10-12 in each
loculus ; in both plants the calyx and pedicels are villous. On skeletonising
the leaves no radical difference was apparent in the arrangement of the
veins.

Many of the Kinabulu high altitude plants from 7000-10,000' are
characterized by hairy covering, due to the exposed conditions and cold
nature of the soil. None of the Arfak plants, on the contrary, show this
peculiarity, being less exposed to wind and sudden changes of temperature,
and growing on well-drained granite gravel soil.

Myrtus flarida is noted by Stapf as the first Myrtle described for
Malaya, and it still maintains interest as being, so far, the only species
common to both N. Borneo and New Guinea; but Ridley has since
described three from Mt. Carstensz, in Dutch S.W. New Guinea, at still
h gher altitudes, while Hugenia scolopacina Ridl. from the same locality
is undoubtedly a Myrtus, very near the present species, and three more
are included here.

Myrrvus (AusTROMYRTUS) PROSTRATA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex ramoso-prostratus, novellis pilosulis, demum glabratis. Folia breviter
petiolata, parva, opposita vel verticillata, ovata, basi leviter cuneata, apice obtusa,
margine revoluta, coriacea, utrinque glabra, supra nitentia, subtus pallidiora, rugulosa,
glandulis rufis punctata. Flores subsessiles, in axillis foliorum 2-3 pedunculatis.
Calyx turbinatus, ultra ovarium breviter productus, 4-lobatus, lobis erectis, angus-
tatis, acutis. Petala 4, flavida, unguiculata. Stamina w, biseriata, filamenta in
alabastro inflexa. Ovarium 3-loculare, ovula biseriata. Fructus sphericus, glaber,
lobis calycinis coronatus. Semina plus minus irregulariter triquetra, compressa. __

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., spreading on open burnt summit, 9000’.
Fl., Fee. Dee. 5601. ;

A densely spreading shrub with small leaves suffused with red, very
closely arranged up the stem, which is cylindrical, clothed with a reddish
papery cortex, very glandular on the young wood. Leaves + 1 em. by
8 mm., with midrib slightly impressed on the upper surface and indistinct
on the lower; petioles 4 mm. long, glandular. Peduncles sparsely villous
when young, 2-3 mm. long. Flowers subtended by two villous, narrow-
linear bracts 3mm. long. Calyx-lobes villous when young, 2 mm. long,
narrowing from a broad base. Petals glandular, 4mm. by 1 mm. Stamens
as long as or just exceeding the petals; anthers globose. Style thick,

152

5mm. long. Ovary 1°5 mm. long. Fruit gland-pitted, 2°6 mm. by 3mm.
Seeds large, 2 mm. long.

This plant is nearest to M. vicfosntnelala Panch., a New Caledonian
species, but differs in the prostrate habit, ovate leaves, and pedunculate
flowers.

Myrtvus (AUSTROMYRTUS) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex prostratus, valde ramosus, glaberrimus et glanduligerus. Folia opposita,
petiolata, late elliptica, basi subattenuata, apice obtusa vel emarginata, margine
revoluta, coriacea, supra in sicco fuscescentia, subtus pallidiora, pagina utraque
glandulis rufis prominentibus conspersa. Flores cymosi, pedicellati, bibracteolati,
eymis axillaribus, subpedunculatis, 3-floris vel solitariis. Calyx 4-lobatus, lobi
triangulares, obtusi. Petala 4, flavida, unguiculata. Stamina m, biseriata. Stylus
filiformis. Ovariwm biloculare, ovulis biseriatis. Bacca carnosa.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, S.W. ridge, on open steep slopes, 8000’.
Fl., Fr. Dec. 5994.

te this plant the stems are terete, with the older wood dusk brown in
colour, the younger reddish and rugulose with larger glands; the small
leaves are closely arranged up the branches, the younger shoots being
reddish in colour. The leaves are +7 mm. by 5 mm., but with the incurved
margins appear 3 mm. across ; the midrib is thick, somewhat raised on the
uiderside but not conspicuous. Petiole thick and glandular, 1-3 mm. long.
The flowers form little subsessile cymes, or are on solitary pedicels + 1-3 mm.
long, with small, triangular, translucent, gland-dotted bracts at the base of
the calyx. Calyx-tube 2 mm. long, with obtuse lobes 1:5 mm. long and the
same in breadth at the base. Petals suborbicular, +2 mm. by 1°5 mm.
Stamens 4°5 mm. long, with minute globose anthers. Style 4 mm. long.
Berry black, crowned by persistent calyx-lobes, 5 mm. by 5 mm.

This plant is nearest to MZ. prostrata, described above, and in the field
was very similar in habit and appearance. It is easily distinguished by
the entire glabrous and more glandular leaves, the longer stamens, and
bilocular ovary.

Myrrvus (AUsTROMYRTUS) KOEBRENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, ramosissima; ramis cortice cinerascente obductis, tota
planta utrinque glaberrima. Folia parva, ovata, obtusa; basi in petiolum brevem
attenuata, margine Jeviter recurvata, glandulosa, coriacea. Flores 4-meri, axillares,
solitarii vel bini, pedicellis foliis minoribus. Calyce tubo turbinato, basi bibracteolato.
Sepala late obtusa, glandulosa. Petala flava, reflexa, basi unguiculata. Stamina
biseriata. Ovarium biloculare. Ovuia biseriata.

Hab. Arfak Mts., in shrubberies on open summit of Koebré Mt., 9000’.
Fl. Dec. 5614.

A compact shrub to small tree, with very small leaves +°9 mm. by
5 mm., smooth and shining above, with the midrib indistinct on both
surfaces ; petiole 1 mm. long. The flowers arise in the axils of the leaves

153

all along the branches, on pedicels 4 mm. long, with two small bracts at the
base. Calyx-lobes triangular, 1 mm. long ead 1 mm. broad at the base,
obtuse to acute and erect in flower. Petals 2°5 by 1°5 mm., the lamina
reflexed in flower. Stamens with filaments 3 mm. long; anthers minute.
Style 3-5 mm. long. Ovary 2 mm. long by 1 mm. Pedicels, calyx, and
ovary thickly gland-dotted.

This plant approaches some forms of MM. tenuifolia (Sm. ), Mez, but is
distinguished by the glabrous glandular habit, much smaller leaves, and
the yellow 4-merous flowers.

JAMBOSA (CLAVIMYRTUS) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva ; ramuli teretes, saturate brunnei. Folia coriacea, opposita, petiolata,
obovata, spathulata, rigida, verisimiliter impellucida, glabra, leviter recurvata,
basi attenuato-cuneata, apice obtusa vel emarginata, supra crebre punctata, subtus
parallele venosa, striolata. Panicula axillaris vel terminalis, cymoso-pauciflora,
folia superiora excedens. Flores 1-3-ni. Calycis tubus turbinatus, basi attenuatus,
limbi 4-fidi laciniz subzquales, persistentes. Petala alba. Stamina filamentis
brevissimis stylum zquantibus. Ovariwm biloculare.

Hab. Arfak Mts., 8. W. ridge, 8000’. Fl. Dec. 5986.

Largest leaf 3°5 cm. by 2°5 cm., with the midrib impressed on the upper
surface and prominent on the lower. Petiole +5 mm. long. Cymes
3-4 cm. long, with first ternate, then racemulose branching ; peduncles
2 cm. long. Flowers small, sessile or shortly pedicellate, with two small
deciduous bracteoles at the base. Calyx-tube 3-4 mm. long. Stamens
1mm. long. Style 1 mm. long. Ovary bilocnlar, with a slightly swollen
placenta in the centre of the septum and four horizontal ovules in each
loculus.

This plant is very distinct in appearance when dried, the small spathulate
leaves being arranged in erect pairs up the chocolate-brown stems, which
bear numerous inflorescences of the same colour.

BAcCKHOUSIA ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva; ramuli teretes, novellis plus minus fulvo-villosis. Folia
opposita, petiolata, parva, ovata, basi angustata, apice acuta, tenuiter coriacea, leviter
recurvata, supra glanduloso-punctulata, primo villosula mox glaberrima, nitentia,
subtus densius atque dilutius villosa (imprimis in costa). Flores flavidi, in cymas
pedunculatas oppositas dispositi. Calycis tubus late campanulatus, villosus,
5-partitus. Petala 5, ovata. Stamina corolla longiora, filamenta in alabastro
inflexa, anthere parve, globose. Stylus longus, filiformis. Ovarium hirsutissimum,
3-loculare ; ovula plurima. Fructus (immaturus) in sicco coriaceus. Capsula calycem
persistentem excedens, in coccos 3 facile partibilis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., common everywhere; Koebré Mt., edge of shrub-
beries, 9000’. Fl. Dec. 5616.—S.W. ridge, in small forest, 8000’.
Fr. (yg.). Dee. 5999.

One of the commonest of the ridge plants, with a compact crown of

154

dark green foliage, covered with the small orange-yellow flowers. Leaves
+ 1-15 em. by 6-8 mm., with midrib impressed on the upper surface.
Petiole + 2 mm., villous when young. Cymes 1°5 cm. long. Peduncle
+5 mm. long, densely fulvo-villous. Pedicels 2 mm. long, with two
unequal bracteoles at the base, 1-3 mm. long. Calyx-tube 1 mm. long ;
lobes 2°5 by 2 mm., concave, from a broad base acute. Petals ciliate,
concave, broad at base, 4 by 3mm. Stamens pluriseriate, longest + 6 mm.
in length. Style 6 mm. long. Ovary 1 mm. by 15 mm., almost superior.
Fruit red, capsular, rising well above the calyx-tube, of which the persistent
lobes spread stellately around the base. In each coccus dehiscence down the
centre is indicated,

In the small vaccinioid leaves this plant is so far distinct in the genus.
It approaches B. aurea Ridl., collected on Mt. Carstensz, in the non-
. petaloid lobes of the calyx, which distinguish both plants from the known
Australian representatives of this genus, and the 3-celled ovary, but it differs
in the dense pubescence of the young petioles and inflorescence, and in the
small axillary cymes. The structure and size of the flowers is more or less
identical in both species, the calyx being densely villous and the petals
fringed in the Arfak plant, which is quite xerophytic in habit, rather
recalling some species of Leptospermum. :

METROSIDEROS ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, tota glabra; ramuli teretes, junioribus quadrangularibus, cortice
griseo. Folia parva, opposita, petiolata, ovato-obtusa vel acutiuscula, basi sub-
cordata, plana vel leviter revoluta, coriacea. Flores rubri, pedicellati, pedicellis
bi-bracteolatis, fasciculatis, fasciculis ex axillis foliorum delapsorum e ligno vetere
oriundis. Calycis tubus campanulatus, 5-lobatus, lobis rotundatis, ciliatis. Petala 5,
orbicularia, basi angustata, membranacea. Stamina circa 16 uniseriata, filamentis
glabris, rubris, antheris cordatis, nigrescentibus. Ovariwm inferum, triangulare,
3-loculare. Stylus longus, truncatus.

Hab, Arfak Mts., edge of forest by 9 lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee. 5529.

Tree with slender erect branches, very few showing any flowers, which
were only seen on the old wood. Flowering branches 3-6 mm. thick
with internodes very close together, the point of insertion of the flower
fascicles being raised. The small leaves are crowded towards the apices of
the branches, the largest + 2-2 cm. by 6 mm., gland-dotted, with raised
midrib on both surfaces. Petiole 1:5 mm., flattened above. Flowers on
glandular pedicels 4 mm. long, with two gland-dotted, narrowly linear
bracteoles towards the base, +2 mm. long. Calyx gland-dotted, with
tube 3 mm. long by 3°5 mm. broad at apex; lobes glandular, pellucid,
1 mm. long by 15 mm. broad. Petals 2 mm. long and the same in breadth.
Stamens 1°3 cm. long. Anthers + 5mm.long. Style 1-1 cm. long, depressed
in the centre of ovary, which is 1:5 mm. long with three prominent angles.

155

This plant is very near M. ramiflora Laut. from S.W. New Guinea,
ex deser., but is distinct in the small leaves. In this character it approaches
M. Regelu F. Muell. from Mt. Musgrave in 8.E, New Guinea, differing,
however, in the fascicled flowers on the old wood.

Fie, 13.

Metrosideros arfakensis Gibbs.—A. Branch, reduced; B. Flower; (. Longitudinal
section of flower; D. Transverse section of ovary.

Backea Frovescens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 358; Nova Guinea, viii.
(1910) 323.
Arfak Mts., in open spaces on ridge running up to the Angi lakes, and
gregarious round spinneys by ? lake, 7000-8000’. FI. Dec. 5514.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Geelvink Bay, Beccari; Angi lakes
Pratt (Herb. Kew.) ; D.S.W., Gelieb, Brandenhorst ; S.E.). Indo-China,
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, N. Borneo, Japan,

N

WS; Mo

fi int

Poikilogyne arfakensis Bak. f.—A. Part of inflorescence, nat. size ; B. Longitudinal section

of bud showing inflexed stamens; C. Stamen; D. Capsule; E. Transverse section ot
ripe capsule; F. Ovule.

157

MELASTOMACES®X. (E.G. Baker.)

MELASTOMA MALABATHRICUM L., var. ADPRESSUM C. B. Clarke in Hook f. FI.
Brit. Ind. vii. 523.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by 9 lake. Fl. Dec, 5934,
Distrib. Mergui to Singapore, Penang.
“Shrub, flowers pink.”

PorkiLoGyne, Bak. f., gen. nov.

Flores sepius 5-meri. Calycis tubus campanulatus, pilis patentibus sparse
indutus, limbus breviter 5-lobatus. Petala 5, oblonga, mediocria, apice acuta.
Stamina 10, petalorum numero duplo, equalia vel subequalia. Anthere mediocres,
acuminate, subrecte, sub anthesi inflexw, connectivo basi non producto, antice
inappendiculato, postice crasse calcarato. Ovariwm ovoideum, 5-loculare, rarius
4- vel 6-loculare. Ovula in loculis numerosa, placentis prominulis angulo interiori
loculis affixis inserta. Stylus filiformis, elongatus, stigmate terminali. Bacca
coriacea, obovoidea, longitudinaliter costata, limbo calycis coronata, 4-6-locularis.
Semina minuta, numerosa.

Frutex vel arbuscula, ramis novellis indumento brevi dense indutis. Folia ovata,
erassiuscula, 5-nervia, mediocria. Flores mediocres in paniculas terminales dispositi,
ad extremitates pedunculorum verticillatim fasciculati, mediocriter vel breviuscule
pedicellati. Bractee parve.

This genus is allied to Omphalopus Naud., but differs by having ten
stamens instead of four, and by the structure of the fruit and anthers.
It is allied to Dissocheta pentamera Burk., which should be transferred to
this genus as Poikilogyne pentamera (Burk.) Bak. f.; but it differs from the
genus Dissocheta in not having the two setiform appendages at the base
of the connective. In bud the anthers are inflexed.

POIKILOGYNE ARFAKENSIS Bak. f., sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbuscula, ramis junioribus in sicco indumento brevi et purpureo
dense indutis. Folia ovata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, margine serrata,
_ 5-nervia, apice acuta vel subacuta, superne indumento aureo-brunneo dense obtecta,
subtus costa prominente, nervis secundariis prominulis. #/ores in paniculas
terminales dispositi, pedicellis indumento brevi dense tectis. Bractee parve.
Calyx extus pubescens, lobis brevibus. -Petala oblonga, rosea. Stamina 10, wequalia
vel subwqualia, connectivo basi postice calearato, antice inappendiculato. Bacea
coriacea, obovoidea, longitudinaliter costata, 4—6-locularis. Semina parva, numerosa.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest. Shrub to small tree.
Leaves up to 6 em. long. Flowers lovely pink ; living plants 1-stemmed
up to 250m. FL, Fr. Dee. 5512.—Koebré Mt., Angi lakes, 8000-9000’.
Flowers pinkish red outside. Shrub or small tree. Dec. 5534.

Leaves 4—6 em. long, 30-35 mm. broad ;_ petiole 10-15 mm. long. Calyx
+6 mm. long. Petals rose, +15 mm. long. Stamens 10. Anthers
+4 mm. long. Berry coriaceous, 8-10 mm, long, 6-7 mm. broad.

N2

158

PoOGONANTHERA HEXAMERA Bak. f., sp. nov.

Frutex, ramis obscure tetragonis sparse rufo-pubescentibus. Folia oblonga, apice
basique acuta, supra demumi glabra, subtus nervis rufo-pubescentibus, trinervia, petiolo
rufo-pubescente instructa. Panicule terminales, pluri- vel multiflore, bracteate.
Bractee \ineares vel lineari-oblonge. Pedicelli rufo-pubescentes. Flores hexameri.
Calycis tubus campanulatus, dentibus acutis. Petala alba, acuta, carnosula. Stamina
12 vequalia, antheris lineari-lanceolatis apice 1-porosis, connectivo basi breviter postice
auriculato antice inappendiculato. Fructus ignotus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., Angi lakes, edge - forest patches, 9000’.
Fl., Fr. Dee. 5649.

beaves 6-8 cm. long, 20-23 mm. broad ; petiole 6-7 mm. long. Calyx-
tube +5 mm. long. Petals 6-7 mm. long.

Noticeable on account of the rusty pubescence in the many-flowered
panicles of hexamerous flowers, and the narrow, oblong, reddish bracts in
pairs, and the white flowers.

MEDINILLA ARFAKENSIS Bak. f., sp. nov.

Frutex ad M. speciosam Blume et M. myriantham Merv. accedens, ramis 4-gonis
vel brevissime 4-alatis ad nodos leviter incrassatis et barbatis. Folia opposita,
sessilia, oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato- lanceolata, apice acuta basi late cuneata
7-9-plinervia, costa subtus conspicua. Flores minusculi, seepius 5-meri in paniculas
dispositi, quam in JZ, speciosa Blume minores. Pedicelli graciles, minute verru-
cosi. Calycis tubus campanulatus, verrucosus, limbo vix lobato. Petala alba,
earnosula. Stamina 10 qualia, connectivo postice calcarato, filamentis antheris
paullo longioribus. Ovarium Slogans, stylo filiformi, stigmate punctiformi.
Fructus ignotus.

Hab. Koebré Mt. , Angi lakes, 8000-9000’. FI. (white). Dec. 5597.

Leaves 16-18 cm. long, 6-6°5 em. broad. Calyx +3 mm. long. Petals
white, +6 mm. long. Anthers + 2 mm. long.

The distinguishing characteristics are the opposite, sessile, 7-9- plinerved,
ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves, and the small white flowers in
panicles, the calyx being ‘axtoroalle somewhat warted and only +3 mm. long.

No. 6133, from lower ridge in high forest, must also probably be referred
to the above.

Meprnitta Forsesu Bak. f. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 55.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, common on edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’.
KL, Fe. tee See.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Utakwa Rivet to Mt. Carstensz, Kloss ;
8.E., Mt. Wariwari, Forbes).

“Shrub, inflorescence cauline at nodes all up the stem. Flowers white,
petals pink, fruit red.”

159

HALORRHAGACESR.

*HALORRHAGIS MICRANTHA (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Sieb. et Zuce. FI. Jap. Fam.
Nat. i. 25.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. Fl. Dee. 5918.
Distrib. India, Indo-China, China, Japan; N. Borneo, Philippines;
Australia, Tasmania ; New Zealand.

HALORRHAGIS SUFFRUTICOSA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta robusta, suffruticosa, erecta. Folia 3-4-verticillata, satacestiie obovato-
lanceolata, acuta, basi in caulem decurrentia angulum satis prominentem formantia,
serrata, coriacea, supra glabra, nitida, subtus pilis albis sparsis adpressis inspersa,
demum glabrata. Inflorescenti@ ad apices caulis dense. racemoso-panniculate.
Flores hermaphroditi, rubri, in bractearum axillis solitarii. Calya 4-lobus, hirsutus.
Petala 4. Stamina 8, filamentis tenuissimis, brevibus. Ovarium _4-loculare,
8-costatum. Styli 4 sessiles, stigmatibus papillosis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by 9 lake, 7000’, abundant.
Fl. (g stage). Dee. 5555.—Fl. (2 stage). 5942.

A shrubby herbaceous plant, also seen in the mossy forest on the crest of
the S.W. ridge, the single shoots 1:2 m. high, rigid from the hard texture
of the leaves, with hirsute stems 3 mm. thick. Leaves in crowded or
more remote verticels, with hard spinous teeth and tips, 2 em. by 1 em.,
reticulately veined, with impressed midrib and inconspicuous cystoliths on
the upper surface, while on the lower the midrib is raised and covered with
hairs. Inflorescence spreading at the base, 11-16 by 2°5-8 cm. Flowers on
hirsute pedicels 1:5 mm. Sepals 1°5 mm. long, acute to acuminate. Petals
+2°5 mm. long, boat-shaped, pilose on the cucullate apex, which is carinate,
inflexed. Anthers 1°5 mm. long; filaments +°5 mm. long. Stigma red,
+°5 mm. long.

The affinity is with H. haleonensis Merr., but the plant is distinguished
by the more robust habit, the glabrous, spinescent leaves and bracts, broader
inflorescence, and the hirsute calyx with shorter lobes.

ARALIACEA,

SHEFFDERA (USHEFFLERA) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex parvus; ramuli glaberrimi, cortex (in sicco) flavescens, longitudinaliter
striatus. Folia 5-digitata, glabra, longe petiolata; foliola inwqualiter petiolulata,
petioluli, egre alati, ad apicem articulata ; foliola obeuneata, apice obtusa, integer-
rima, incurvata, coriacea, nervis subtus magis prominentibus. Jnflorescentia axillaris
vel pseudo-terminalis, racemosa, racemi 1—4 in axillis foliorum superiorum dispositis,
peduneuli pedicelli calycesque squamulosi. Colwmna stylorum in floribus subplana,
in fructibus immaturis 5-angulata et leviter conico-elevata, apice in lobos 5 stigmaticos
divisa.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in forest by ¢ lake, 7000’. FI., Fr. (yg.).
Dec. 95621].

160

This plant is very small in all its parts; the largest leaf is *9 dm. by
9-5 em. with petiole 1 dm. long ; the petiolules vary from 1°5-2°5 cm., the two
lateral ones being the shortest and bearing the smallest folioles, generally
very unequal in size; the largest folioles are +7 cm. by 2 em. with 5-6
lateral veins. The inflorescence is compound, composed of racemes grouped
1-4 in the axils of the upper leaves ; the flowering racemes are +9 cm. by
4 cm. with peduncles 2-3 em. long, the umbels are +1 cm. across and
consist of 9-10 flowers, on pedicels +4 mm. long, each subtended by a
minute bract. The fruiting racemes (immature) are 11 cm. long and
chocolate-brown in colour when dried. Flowers green. Calyx 1°5 mm. by
1:7 mm. Petals angular acute, 2 mm. long. Stamens 1°5 mm. long, with
ovate anthers ‘7 mm. long. Style +°5 mm. long. Fruit 5-ribbed with
conical disc 3 mm. long ; persistent style 1 mm. long. _

The elongated style with five stigmatic lobes places this plant in the
Agalma group. It is very closely allied to S. monticola Ridl., collected on
Mt. Carstensz by Kloss, but differs in the larger Jeaves with much longer
petioles and petiolules, the longer obtuse folioles, much narrowed into the
petiolules, and in being much more sparsely squamulose.

SHEFFLERA (HUSHEFFLERA) ANGIENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva. Folia ampla, digitata, longe petiolata, petiolo glabro, vagina
lata, in stipulam lanceolatam loage producto, squamulis setosis densissime obtecta ;
foliola 15, apice petioli verticillata, breviter petiolata, oblonga, basi obtusa, apice
cuspidata vel obtusa, integerrima, coriacea, glabra. Panieula terminalis, rami
pedunculati, florum capitula secus ramos panicule racemosa, flores pedicellati,
rhachis furfuracea. Calyx margine vix distinctus. Corolla et stamina non visa.
Discus medio conicus, margine undulatus. Ovarium 5-loculare, semisuperum.

Styli in columnam brevem connati, stigmatibus sessilibus. Bacca sessilis, 5-costata,
apice convexa.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by 2 lake, 7000’. FI.,
Fr. (yg.). 5950.

A small tree with the habit of Sheffera actinophylla (F. Muell.) Harms.
In the specimen leaf the petiole, including vagina, is 2-4 dm. long, the
stipules being 2. cm. by 6 mm., very coriaceous in texture ; the petiolules
are comparatively thick and short, 1-5-3 em. long; folioles vary from.
7 cem—l'7 dm. by 2°5-4°5 em., all are more or less sharply cuspidate, though
the cusp varies in length and may even not be developed ; when dried the
leaves are chocolate-brown in colour, with smooth upper surface, the lower
being light brown and rugulose, with the veins showing faintly. The
branches and the inflorescence are each 5°4 dm. by 3°5 cm., the small
umbeis on peduncles +1 em. long consist of 10-12 flowers, on pedicels
3°) mm. long, non-articulated, with minute scales almost forming little
involucres at the base, 1 mm. long: these scales increase in size in fruit to
2 mm. long, as does also the furfuraceous covering of the rhachis. The

161

umbels in fruit become apparently capitate. The number of segments of the
enormous leaves were counted in the field, while the measurements given
for the length of the leaves include 1°2 dm. of the peduncle, which does not,
however, represent its entire length. Calyx 3mm. long. Disc and styles
‘7mm. long. Fruit 4mm. by 4 mm., semi-superior, with disc and styles
1 mm. long. Seeds laterally compressed, +3 mm. long.

This plant comes into Husheflera on the strength of the pedicellate
flowers, but the capitate heads of sessile fruit suggest Cephaloshefflera.
In the pseudo-involucre of minute scales becoming longer in fruit, it seems
distinct from either section. It belongs to the Heptapleurum group, in
which the styles are joined in a short thick column.

KIssODENDRON BIPINNATUM Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, glaberrima. Folia alterna, petiolata, bipinnata, 5-juga, impari-
pinnata ; foliola petiolulata, lanceolato-ovata, integerrima, membranacea, basi acuta
vel obtusa, inzequilatera, apice breviter acuminata, Inflorescentia axillaris, bipedata,
maxime composita, pedunculi primarii bipedati, elongati; secundarii vel tertiarii
verticillati vel oppositi, summi tertiarii umbellati, umbelluli 10-14-flori. Flores
parvi, pedicelli articulati. Calyx 5-dentatus. Petala 5, lineari-lanceolata, apice
longe carinata. Filamenta quam anthere breviora. Ovarium triloculare. Stylus
pyramidato-connatus. Fructus ignotus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ¢ lake, 7000’. Dee.
5581.

A small tree with large deltoid leaves aggregated towards the top, the
inflorescences arising in the axils of the upper leaves; in dried condition
the wine-brown colour of the stems and rhachis of both leaves and inflor-
escence is very characteristic. The petiole is 1:7 dm. long, dilated at the
point of insertion, but contracted just above it, while the leaf is 3°3 dm. by
6 dm. at the base, with the lowest pinnz 5-jugate and the upper 3-jugate,
the largest folioles being 8°5 cm. by 3°6 em., with petiolules 1°3 em. long.
The inflorescence (immature) is 4°5 dm. by 5°2 dm., with peduncle +12°5 dm.
long. The secondary and tertiary branches are either opposite or verticillate,
this arrangement being alternate to a certain extent ; the secondary branches
are terminated by one umbel (in specimen) of mature flowers, which is sub-
tended by a whorl of tertiary umbels on much longer peduncles, interspersed
with single pedicellate flowers, all the umbels being surrounded by involucres
of small linear bracts ; the tertiary peduncles are + 4-5 cm. long (very yg.)
and bear bracts with, in some cases, single flower-buds in their axils at 4-3?
of their length. All the young parts are covered with a rusty tomentum.
Petals 2°3 mm. by 14 mm. Stamens short and erect, with anthers 1:2 mm.
with median insertion, and filaments 1 mm.long. Ovary 2°4 mm. by 1°3 mm.
with 1 ovule in each loculus. Style 1 mm. in length.

This plant differs from the monotypic Kissodendron australiensis (F.
Muell.) Seem. in the bipinnate leaves, the ovate-lanceolate shape of the

162

folioles, with a shining upper surface, and in the tertiary branching of
the inflorescence

PALMERVANDENBROEKIA Gibbs, gen. nov.

Flores polygami. Sepala 5-dentata, basi dentibus lata, apice acuta vel acu-
minata. Petala 5, valvata, longe lanceolata, basi lata leviter adherentia, apice
sensim attenuata, acuta, demum recurvata. Stamina 5, antheris dorsifixis, oblongis.
Ovarium parvum, inferum, biloculare, loculis uniovulatis, ovulo ad apicem loculi
pendulo, minuto, micropyle supera, raphe ventrali, discus planus, stylus magnus,
pyramidato-connatus. Folia imparipinnata, foliola integra, petioluli basi articu-
lati. Umbella parva, terminalis, pauciflora, pedicelli floribus circiter aquilongi,
apice articulati.

This genus is intermediate between Aissodendron and Polyscias. In the
pyramidal connate style it resembles the former, but in form of calyx, petals
broad at the base and slightly cohering, with the 2-celled ovary, it is nearer
the latter. In the small imparipinnate leaves and simple umbels it, indeed,
somewhat resembles the most reduced forms of Polysctas sambucifolius
(Lieber) Harms, in habit. As a genus it is distinct in the long tapering
petals, separating at the apex and subsequently recurved, in the massive
style, and extremely small ovary.

PALMERVANDENBROEKIA PAPUANA (Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex glaber. Folia parva, imparipinnata, petiolata, petioli basi articulati,
foliola 7, breviter petiolulata, oblique obovata vel oblanceolata, basi cuneata, apice
attenuata, angusta, abrupte emarginata vel obtusa, integerrima, incurva, mem-
branaceo-chartacea. Umbella parva, terminalis, 6~7- flora, pedunculata, basi
bractea unica, foliolis simili, Petala albida, longe lanceolata, apice attenuata
acuminata. Calyx repandus, 5-dentatus. Stamina erecta, filamentis quam anthere
triplo longioribus. Stylus unicus, conicus, elongatus. Discus planus. Ovarium
parvum, biloculare, in sicco suleatum, Fructus ignotus.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on 8.W. ridge, in Ae growth, 8000’.
Fl. Dec. 6003.

In the only specimen of this interesting plant the cortex is striate, light
grey in colour, thin and papery. The leaves are greenish grey when dried,
8 cm. by 3-4 cm., including the 4-angled petiole + 2 cm. long ; the petiolules
are slightly 4-winged, *5 cm, long; the lamine of the largest folioles are
+ 4:5 by 1:2-1'4 cm., the latter are often oblique, broader on one side
than the other, the midrib prominent and projecting on both surfaces with
5-7 inconspicuous lateral veins, parallel in arrangement. Single umbels
1:5-3'5 by 16 cm. deep, on peduncles + 2 em. long; pedicels 7-8 mm.
long, each subtended by a minute scale. Petals 8-5 by 14mm. Anthers
1 mm., filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary and style 3:2 mm. long, the style
2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base.

It isa great pleasure to name this interesting new genus after Mr. Palmer

163

van den Broek, who, during the long time he held the Residency of Ternate,
identified himself with many scientific interests and to whom I was much
indebted for most courteous help and interest in the successful issue of
my work.

Palmer vandenbroekia papuana Gibbs.—A. Branch, nat. size ; B. Longitudinal section
: of bud; C. Very young fruit; D, E. Stamen.

ANOMOPANAX ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, glaberrima. Folia alterna, longe petiolata, ampla,
digitata; foliola ad apicem petioli verticillata, breviter vel longiuscule petiolata,
valde inwqualia, chartaceo-membranacea, basi acuta vel rotundata, apice longe
acuminata, margine integra vel grosse et remote sinuato-dentata. Panicula
terminalis, amplissima, ramosissima, foliis longior. Petala albida, obovato-
lanceolata, basin versus sensim cuneatim angustata. Fructus didymus, brunneus,
compressus ; pyrena obliqua. Flores effceti et fertiles in panicula commixti.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’. FI., Fr.
Dec. 5582.

164

The petiole is +2 dm. long by 7 mm. broad, pithy, and markedly con-
tracted immediately below the insertion of the petiolules, which are thick
and of unequal length, the lateral ones being 1°5 cm., while two of the four
lateral median are 4 cm., and the central 5-6 cm. long, respectively. The
leaflets are very unequal in size and shape, the two small lateral ones being
1:4 dm. by 4 cm., with entire lamine narrowed obliquely into the petiolules
at the base, and long acute acumen, 2 cm. in length; the median folioles
are from 1°5-2 dm. by 7°9 cm., rounded at the base, lengthily acuminate,
entire below and remotely sinuate-dentate above. The. compound in-
florescence is 1°8 by 4°5 dm., composed of 10 primary rays with involucral
bracts 2 cm. by 5 mm., the secondary rays varying from 9-11 em. long, and
bearing 3-16 umbellules, 7 predominating in number ; these secondary rays
often bear a small bract some distance below the umbellules and show cymose
branching and often tertiary cymose-umbellate ramifications. The peduncle
of the inflorescence is +1°8 dm. long, pithy, rising in the axil of a digitate
3-jugate bract or small leaf, broadly sheathing at the base,:with very unequal
leaflets. Flowers on pedicels varying in length, articulated under the flowers.
Calyx-lobes 5, acute, 1 mm. long. Petals obovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long,
narrow at the base, with the apex incurved for half the length. Stamens 9 ;
filaments 1 mm. long; anthers °5 mm. long. Disc crenulate with 2 short
thick styles 1 mm. long, erect in flower, recurved in fruit. A few o
flowers of typical structure are mixed with the 3, of which in one case
8 calyx-lobes and stamens were present, and sometimes the parts were in
fours. Fruit green when collected, brown when dried, 1°5-1°8 cm. by
1-4-5 em., the pyrenes separating on maturity. Embryo foliose.

The only point in which this plant differs from Mackinlaya is the
structure of the mericarps and the embryo. In Mackinlaya, the former are
plane on the surface, with thin exocarp and horny endocarp, both well
differentiated and separating easily; the integument is thick, brown in
colour, while the embryo is plane, homogeneous, and hard (“albumen
homogeneum, indurans”). In the present ¢ase the separate pyrenes are
more oblique, showing excavation on the wings, with no differentiation of
exocarp and endocarp; the integument is membranous, light brown, and
transparent; the embryo tapers to the base, is slightly folded, and very soft
in consistency. As the tapering endosperm does not fill up the cavity in
the pericarp, a furrowed surface results. I have not examined critically the
other species of Anomopanax, but macroscopically this difference seems to
hold for the genus, though not given by Harms in his diagnosis.

UMBELLIFERAE.

CENTELLA ASIATICA (L.) Urb. FI. Brasil., Umbellif. 287 ; Schum. & Laut. 486.

Arfak Mits., Angi lakes, open marsh by ¢ lake, 7000’. FL, Fr. Dee.
5920. :

165

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea and Caroline Islands. Wide in both hemi-

spheres, except Europe, to Tasmania, New Zealand, and Patagonia.

*HyprocoryLe vuLearis I. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 234; Schum. & Laut. 487.

Arfak Mts., abundant in parts in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. FI., Fr.
Dec. 5943.

Dstrib. Marshall Islands. Europe, through Transcaucasia to Caspian
Sea (Astara § Enzeli), N.E. to S.W. Australia. N. and 8. America and
West Indies.

This is apparently the first record of this plant for E. Asia, as well as
New Guinea.

Hyprocoryite gavanica Thunb. Diss. Hydroe. n. 17, t. 2; Ridl. in Trans.
Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 62.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in Papuan “kebuns” at foot of Koebré ridge,
7000. Fl, Fr. Des. . $600.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss). Malay Peninsula
and Archipelago, Philippines ; India, Ceylon, Indo-China ; China and Japan.

DipIscus KOEBRENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta perennis, glaberrima; radix sat robusta; caules decumbentes, radiatim
dispositi. Folia parva, ad nodos rosulata, in petiolum sensim abeuntia, 3-lobata,
lobis plerumque unodentatis. Umbella multiflora, involucrum polyphyllum,
parvum, pedicellis parvis. Calyx dentibus 2-3, plerumque protractis, subulatis,
ceteris obsoletis. Petala parva. Fructus carpello uno abortivo vel minore; meri-
carpia compressa, 6-vittata, apice plus minus acuta, basi rotundata. Stylus elongatus.
Carpophorum indivisum, persistens.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., abundant on open burnt summit plateau.
9000’. FI. Fr. Dec. 5606.

A plant of rosulate habit, with smooth reddish stems, 4 dm. long or less,
each shoot being densely invested with the old leaf-bases and bearing
rosettes of leaves at the nodes. The leaves are gradually narrowed into the
slender +2°5 cm. long petiole, with obcuneate lamina, +1°5 by 5 mm. ;
towards the apex of the branches the petioles are shorter and the lamina
larger, +2 by 1 cm. The umbels are 1°5 cm. across with many linear
involucral leaves, +°5 mm. long, on naked stalks, +11 em, long, arising
singly from the apical rosettes of leaves. The minute flowers are 4 by 2 mm.,
on pedicels +8 mm. long. Calyx-teeth +5 mm. long. Petals 15 by 1 mm,
Fruit 2 mm. across, with mericarps +2°5 mm. long.

This plant makes the third in Domin’s Pseudocalycina group with
long drawn-out calyx teeth; in habit and shape of leaves it agrees
with D. saniculafolius (Stapf) Merr., var. novo-guineensis Dom., from
Mt. Scratchley in S.E. New Guinea, to which it is probably allied, but in
the little material available of the latter it is impossible to determine the
form of the calyx teeth.

166

Drpiscus ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta perennis; caules erecti vel decumbentes, glabri, teretes, tenuiter striati,
remote foliati. Folia alterna, petiolata, petiolis basi dilatatis, longe setoso-
ciliolatis, ad basin quasi 3—5-partita, laxe setoso-pilosa. Scapi in axillas foliorum
teretes, nudi. Umbella multiflora, pedicellis glabris, compressis, floribus multo
longioribus, involucrum polyphyllum, foliola lineare-lanceolata, 1-2 dentata.
Calycis dentes 5, deltoidei, persistentes. Petala alba, obovata, apice acuta, plus
minus inflexa. Fructus a latere valde compressus, late cordato-rotundatus ; meri-
carpia «qualia, glaberrima, 3-vittata.

Hab. Arfak Mts., on ridge running up to the Angi lakes, 8000’. FI.,
Fr. (yg.). Dee. 5513.

A plant with spreading radiating branches +3 dm. long. Radical
leaves on petiole +45 cm. long are 3 cm. long and +4 cm. across,
broadly rotundate, 3-partite, each part 2—3-lobed, the lobes further divided
into unequal rounded-acute teeth, with white setose hairs in the sinuses and
along the veins. The leaves on the branches occur singly at each node, at
diminishing intervals, from 10 cm., up the stems, with sparsely setose petioles,
the longest being +3-5 cm.; the laminz are more finely divided than is the
case in the radical leaves and are somewhat pentamerous in ontline, +5 cm,
across and 2°5 cm. long, 3-partite, the two lateral parts being divided again
to the midrib, so that they appear 5-partite. Peduncles +2 cm. long arise
singly in the axils of the upper leaves, bearing umbels 1 cm. long by
1°5 cm. broad, the involucre equalling or slightly exceeding the pedicels,
+6 mm. long. Flowers 2°5 mm. across. Stamens +1°5 mm. long ;
anthers *) mm. long. Style °5 mm. long. Mericarps immature, 3-ribbed.

This species belongs to Domin’s Calycina group (p. 42) with calyx
of tive triangular teeth, and is nearest to D. saniculfolius (Stapf) Merr.,
var. brachystylus Dom., from Mt. Scratchley ; it is more robust in habit and
less hirsute, but may prove identical on more material becoming available.
Domin considers the Calyeina group in Didiscus, which includes the palao-
tropic species, to represent the more ancestral branch of the family ;
Pseudocalycina showing atavistic tendencies. To quote Domin, “the
presence of the calyx teeth in the endemic species in the Malayan and
Papuan provinces, also in the Queensland D. geraniifolius (Bail.) Dom.,
must be considered as an older and more ancestral cundition.” The aduittas
of two more species in these groups to the New Guinea Flora certainly
confirms the correctness of this view. The four species now known from the
mountains of Malaya include J). celebicus (Hemsley) Dom., from Bonthain
Peak, 10,000’, in 8. Celebes; D. saniculefolius, from eaabehe: 7000—
13,000', Mt. Halcon in the Philippines, 7300’, and New Guinea at 10,000’,
with the above.

167

ErPpacripaces, (J.J. Smiru.)

StypHE.ia Nurans J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, viii. (1912) 800, t. exlv.
Var. ARFAKENSIS J. J. S., var, nov.

Frutex ramosus, ramulis tenuibus, sicco angulatis, pubescentibus, dense foliatis.
Folia pulvinis inserta, alterna, patentissima, brevissime petiolata, lanceolata, plerumque
_leviter acuminata, acuta, minutissime erecto-ciliolato-serrulata, c. 5—-7-nervia, nervo
intermedio et interdum nonnullis sequentibus supra impressis, coriacea, supra nitidula,
subtus pallidiora, c. 0°75-1:2 em. longa, 0°125-0:225 ecm. lata; petiolus a dorso com-
pressus, puberulus, c. 0:075-0°1 em. longus. Inflorescentie terminales, brevissime,
breviter pedunculate, dense 5—6-flore, pedunculo squamis imbricantibus adpressis
tecto, cum rhachide puberula ec. 0°3-0-4 cm. longo. Bractee persistentes, flori
adpresse, late ovato-triangule, obtusze, concave, ciliolate, intus puberulz, dorso
prominenter nervosw, pergamacew, bene 0'1 cm. longw, O'l em. late. Flores
sessiles, toti c. 0°5 cm. longi. Bracteole adpressx, orbiculari-ovate, obtusiuscule,
concave, ciliolate, intus puberule, dorso prominenter nervose, pergamacee,
ce. 0-15 em. longe et late. Calyx alte 5-partitus, laciniis adpressis, imbricatis,
ovatis, obtusis, concavis, ciliolatis, intus puberulis, dorso prominenter nervosis
pergamaceis, c. 0°18—0°2 cm. longis, 0°13-0'16 cm. latis. Corolla ample tubulosa,
ad c. 2 partes infra apicem 5-fida, extus glabra, intus ? partibus superioribus apice
laciniarum excepto laxius villosa, explanata c. 0°36 cm. longa, fere 0°5 em. lata,
laciniis erectis (semper ?), triangulis, obtusis vel subacutis, dorso elevato 5-nervosis,
c. 0125 em. longis, fere 0-1 em. latis. Stamina 10; filamentum adnatum, quam
anthera latius, apice tantum liberum ; anthera deflexa, parva, laciniis corolla multo
brevior, oblonga, curvata, c. 0°05 em. longa. Péstillum e basi depresso-globosa
angulata conicum, in stylum attenuatum, glabrum, c. 0°225 cm. longum, 0-12 cm.
diam. Discus cupuliformis, 5-lobus, extus longitudinaliter 5-sulcatus, glaber, vix
0:05 cm. altus, bene 0°1 cm. diam., lobis angulato-rotundatis, repandis, concavis.
Fructus globosus, 10-locularis, loculis 1-spermis.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, ridge between g and ? lakes, undergrowth in
open forest, 7500’. Fl. Dec. 5631.

Distrib. (of type). New Guinea (D.S8.W., Hellwig Mts., von Roemer,
van Nouhuys).

Provisionally, I have described this plant as a variety of S. nutans J.J.S.
‘The branchlet 1 have seen is more tender than the type-specimen, with thinner,
distinctly angled twigs, and smaller leaves with a densely downy petiole.
The flowers hardly show differences. Better material, perhaps, would show
that the plant ought to get specific rank.

The flowers are said to be white.

SryPHEeLiA GsELLervpi J. J. 8. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 540, t. cexx.
Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, between ¢ and ? lakes, on open barnt summit
plateau, 9000’. FI., Fr. Dec. 5604.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gjellerup).
Shrub, flowers white, berries pink,

168

SrypHELia TROcHOcARPOIDES F’, Muell. Pap. Pl. i. 107.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest patch by ¢ lake, 7000’. Fr.
Dec. 5583.

Distrib. New Guinea @. N.W., Arfak Mts., near Hatam, Beecari).

The specimen seen is only in fruit, nak I have no doubt that the
determination is right.

Small tree, flowers white, berries black.

Eritcaces. (J.J. Smirn.)

The number of Ericaceze amounts to 17, representing 14 species, viz.
6 Rhododendron (2 new), 1 Diplycosia (new), and 7 Vaccinium, of which
4 are new, whereas the remaining 3 are forms or varieties of previously
described species.

RHODODENDRON UNDULATICALYX J.J. 5S., sp. nov.

Frutex, innovationibus c. 5 em. longis, inferne nonnullis cicatricibus folioram
rudimentarium instructis, ramulis teretibus, glabrescentibus. Folia c. 3-4 spurie
verticillata, petiolata, obovata et elliptica, obtusiuscule vel acute acutata, obtusa vel
rotundata, basi acuta vel obtusiuscula, brevissime in petiolum acuminata integerrima,
supra sparse lepidota et basi minute puberula glabrescentia, subtus sicco pallida den-
sius sparse minute lepidota, in utraque parte cost mediew subtus obtuse prominentis
nervis lateralibus c. 7 patentibus satis irregularibus intra marginem anastomosantibus
tenuibus sicco supra subtusque prominulis, venis supra subtusque partim prominulis,
coriacea, ¢. 3°6—5°7 em. longa, 2—2°8 em. lata; petiolus subsemiteres, minute puberulus
et parce lepidotus, ¢. 0-6—-0°8 em. longus. Inflorescentie c. 5-florw, rhachide breviter
conica. Bractee (1 adest) lineares, apice paulo dilatate serrateque, acute, ciliolata,
e. 1:3 cm. longe. Flores mediocres, pedicello tenui, tereti, minute puberulo et parce
minute lepidoto, bene 1 em. longo. Calya valde undulatus, obliquus, subquinque-
lobulatus, ciliolatus, c. 0°275 em. diam. Corolla oblique hypocrateriformis, curvata,
5-loba, extus glabra, non lepidota, intus in tubo puberula, explanata c. 3°25 em. longa,
limbo 2°85 em. lata, tubo obliquo ec. 1°6-2°15 em. longo, 1 em. lato, lobis ovalibus vel
plus minusve obovatis, 4 obliquis, 1 recto, rotundatis, c. 0-9-1 em. longis, 0:63-0°8 cm.
latis. Stamina 10, ¢. 2°37-2°73 cm. longa; filamentum lineare, fere 2 partibus
inferioribus parcius hirtello-puberulum ; anthera dorsifixa, oblonga, basi retusa, apice
oblique truncata, thecis antice suleo separatis poro introrso obliquo subsemirotundo
hiantibus, c. 0-225 em. longa. Ovarium subfusiformi-conicum, 10 sulcatum, erecto-
patenter villosulum, ec. 0-4 em. longum; stylus filiformis, teres, ima basi tantum
pilosus, apice in stigma capitatum manicatum incrassatus, e. 1-9 em. longus. Discus
annularis, 10-dentatus, pubescens, inferne glaber, c. 0-175 em. diam.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest patch by $ lake, 7000’.
Fl. Dec. 5549.

Very near Lh. angiense J. J.8., but differing in the downy pedicels,
undulate calyx, non-lepidote corolla: from Rh. arfakianum Bece., which
also has a glabrous corolla, in the corolla-lobes not being twice as long as
the tube and the separated non-ovate anthers,

A shrub with pink flowers,

169

RHODODENDRON ANGIENSE J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1914) 133, t. xxx B.
Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt. between g¢ and 9 lakes, open burnt summit
plateau, 9000’. Fl. Dec. 5618.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gyellerup).
Shrubby, flowers pink.

RHopopENDRON Latum J. J. 8. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1914) 139, t. xxxv.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, general on edge of forest, spinneys, and on open

marsh by 2 lake, 7000’. FI, Fr. Dec. 5505.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gjellerup).
Shrub, 0°5-1°5 m.; splendid yellow flowers, borne abundantly, when older

suffused with red.

RHODODENDRON Gipesia J. J. S., sp. nov.

Frutex, ramulis adultis glabris, ‘imoavaanties c. 4 75-6 ¢ em. longis, infra folia
cicatricibus ec. 3-4 foliorum rudimentarium notatis. Folia c. 5-6 spurie verticillata,
breviter petiolata, elliptica ad obovata, plerumque breviter acuminata, subacuta vel
anguste obtusa, basi subacuta obtusa vel subrotundata, integerrima, margine in sicco
recurva, adulta supra glabra, subtus leviter impresse lepidota, costa media supra
sulcata subtus obtuse prominente, nervis lateralibus subobsoletis satis irregularibus
patentibus intra marginem anastomosantibus subtus non vel vix prominentibus supra
leviter insculptis ec. 6-7 utrinque, coriacea, c. 2-4-4°9 em. longa, 0°85—2°65 em. lata ;
petiolus bene semiteres, supra sulcatus, sicco longitudinaliter rugulosus, cum costa
media subtus lepidotus, ec. 0°225-0°4 em. longus. Inflorescentie ec. 4-5-flore. Flores
majusculi, pedicello tenui, puberulo, parcissime lepidoto, c. 1-4-2'4 em. longo. Calyx
minimus, oblique discoideus, 10-lobulato-undulatus, extus patentissime pubescens,
ce. 0°25 em. diam. Corolla hypocrateriformis, 5-loba, basi tubi reverse obtuse 5-loba,
extus margine loborum excepto parce lepidota, intus glabra, explanata c. 4 cm. longa,
tubo explanato c. 2°1-2°2 cm. longo, 14 em. lato, lobis subobovatis, rotundatis,
ce. 1:7-1'8 em. longis, 1°3-1°6 em. latis. Stamina 10, c. 2-4-2°8 em. longa; fila-
mentum lineare, dimidio inferiore fere presertim superne parcius patentissime
pilosum, dimidio superiore glabrum; anthera supra basin dorsifixa, oblonga, basi
obtusa, c. 0°25 cm. longa, thecis parallelis, antice sulco separatis, poro obliquo apicali
laterali dehiscentibus. Ovarium conicum subquinquangulare, dense patenter sicco
pallide villosum, c. 0°6 cm. longum, apice in stylum teretem 3 partibus inferioribus
dense superne parcius patentissime villosulum parte superiore glabrum cum stigmate
capitato 5-lobo manicato c. 2°25 em. longum contractum. Discus annularis, radiato
10-dentatus, superne et in dentibus villosus, ¢. 0-25 em. diam.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. FI. Dee.
5535.

Amongst the Papuan species of the Rh javanicum Benn. group this
is characterized by the small undulate calyx and the corolla glabrous
inside. ‘The leaves resemble those of Rh. letum J.J.S.

Only one open flower was on the material.

From the note of Miss Gibbs the flowers are bright red,

170

RaopopenpRoN DevyriesiaANnum Kds.! in Nova Guinea, viii. (1909) 185 ;.
viii. (1912) t. cli; xii. (1914) 141.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest and spinneys, in open marsh by
? lake, 7000’. Fl., Fr. (yg.). Dec. 5541.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Gyellerup ;
D.S.W., Resi Riicken, Versteeg).

Magnificent white flowers, pink when older.

‘

RHoODODENDRON VonroEMERI Kds.! in Nova Guinea, viii. (1912) 879, t. clv.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh by ¢ lake, abundant, 7000'. Fl.
Dec. 5554 & 5714.—The like in spinneys by 2 lake, undergrowth in forest,
7000’. Fl. Dec. 5923.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Cyclops Mts.; Arfak Mts., Angi lakes,
Gjellerup ; D.S.W., Hellwig Mts., von Roemer).

Shrub, flowers yellow.

Diptycosta Linianaz J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Frutex, ramulis setis longis patentibus apicem versus attenuatis apice paulo —
incrassatis vestitis. Folia alterna, pulvinis inserta, patentia, petiolata, elliptica, seepe
plus minusve obovata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, apiculo lato obtuso a dorso com-
presso antice convexo dorso plano terminantia, basi obtusa vel cuneata, breviter in
petiolum acuminata, subintegerrima, non raro insertationibus pilorum obsolete crenu-
lata, setoso-ciliata, supra glabra, subtus sparse patenter setosa, 3—5-plinervia, nervis
supra insculptis, basilaribus adscendentibus eurvatis superioribus usque ad apicem
productis, sicco rigide coriacea, supra nitidula et rugulosa, subtus opaca, ¢. 1-5—4°3 em.
longa, 0°85-3°5 cm. lata; petiolus supra sulcatus, setosus, c. 0-25-05 em. longus.
Inflorescenti@ axillares, fasciculares, c. 2-3-flore. Flores nutantes, pedicello tereti,
basi leviter incrassatus, setis longis patentibus apice leviter incrassatis et saepe incur-
vulis densius vestito, c. 0°525—0°8 em. longo, apice sub flore bracteolas 2 oppositas
divaricatas ovato-semiorbiculares obtusas basi utrinque rotundatas concavas ciliolatas
dorso setosas fere 0-1 cm. longas 0°18 cm. latas gerente. Torus supra bracteolas —
contractus. Calyx 5-partitus, c. 0°525 cm. diam., laciniis patentibus, ovato-trian-
gulis. subacutis vel obtusiusculis, interdum apiculatis, concavis, ciliolatis, intus glabris,
dorso margine excepto dense et longe patenter sicco ferruginex setosis, c. 0-23-0-25 em.
longis, 0°175-0-2 cm. latis. Corolla cylindrico-urceolata, 5-loba, utrinque glabra,
explanata c. 0°63 cm. longa, 0°75 cm., limbo 0°65 em. lata, lobis recurvulis, triangulis,
apice contractis obtusis. Stamina 10, undata, ¢. 0-475 em. longa ; filamentum lineare,
inferne leviter dilatatum, minutissime papillosum, explanatum ec. 0-36-0-375 em.
longum, anthera in } supra basin dorsifixa, oblonga, ad } infra apicem bifida, basi
valde oblique obtuse 4-lobula, apice excepto echinulato papillosa, c. 0-15—0-16 em.
longa, thecis parallelis, antice sulco separatis, sulco longitudinali oblique laterali
instructis, poro introrso hiantibus, pariete postico triangulo-productis apice obtusis
incurvisque. Ovarium superum, medio alte excavatum; stylus basi in excavationem
ovarii immersus, teres, obtusus, glaber, totus c. 0°27 cm. longus. Discus e squamis
10 adpressis oblongo-triangulis ¢. 0-04 em. longis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, undergrowth in moss-
grown forest, 7500-8000". FL, F r. (yg.). Dec. 5518.—Koebré ridge
common in forest on open summit, Fl, Dec. 5630,

ee

171

The only known species of Diplycosia from the Arfak Mountains is
D. Soror Beee. From this D. Liliane J. J. 8. differs in the longer pedicels
and diverse sepals, which in J). Soror are only ciliate. The corolla, stamens,
and pistil of the latter are unknown.

A low shrub, flowers red with white tips, young fruit red.

VACOINIUM LeprosPERMOIDES J.J. 8. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1914) 154, t. xlii.

‘Forma GLABRUM.

Differt a forma typica ovario calyceque glabro.

Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial in forest, 8000’.
Fl. Dec. 6012.

Distrib, (of type). New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Angi lakes,
Gjellerup).

Small undershrub, flowers red-pink.

Vaccinium @Loposum J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1914) 155, t. xliii.

Var. LATIFOLIUM J.J. 8., var. nov.

Folia quam in typo latiora, ad ec. 1 em. longa, 0°43 em. lata, retusa. Pedunculus
longior, minute puberulus, ¢. 0°25—0°3 em. longus.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, marsh edge by ¢ lake, open, 7000’. FI. Fr.
Dec. 5946.

Distrib. (of type). New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Giellerup).

This differs from the type-specimen by its broader leaves and longer,
shortly hairy peduncle.

A shrub with white flowers and black berries.

VACCINIUM CYCLOPENSE J. J. 8. in Nova Guinea, 3 xii. (1914) 156, t. xliv.
Var. ARFAKENSE J. J. S8., var. nov.
Folia quam in typo angustiora.
Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, epiphytic in moss-grown
forest, 8000’. Fl. Dec. 5715.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Cyclops Mts., Gjellerup).
Much more material is wanted to decide whether the variety may stand

or not.
Spreading against trunk of tree ; flowers red with green tips.

VACCINIUM VILLOsIFLORUM J. J. S., sp. nov.

Frutex bene ramosus, ramulis teretibus, villosis, dense foliatis. Folia alterna,
parva, breviter petiolata, elliptica, basi apiceque obtusa, integerrima, margine in sicco
recurva, glandula marginali parva impressa 1 vel interdum paucis utrinque supra
basin, convexa, supra subtusque parce villosula, utrinque ad basin et in costa media
densius pilosa, subtus sparse minute fusce muriculata, ciliata, 5-plinervia, nervis basi-
laribus adscendentibus curvatis, ceterum nervis brevibus patentibus 1-2 utrinque,
nervis omnibus intra marginem anastomosantibus cum venis in sicco supra subtusque
presertim supra prominulis, coriacea, c. 1-1°8 em. longa, 0°57-0°93 em. lata; petiolus
villosus, c. 0°2-0:275 cm. longus. Jnflorescentig axillares, brevissime, 1-flore,

U

172

peduneulo ¢. 0-1 em. longo, pluribus squamis densissimis imbricatis superne accre-
scentibus triangulis ad oblongis concavis ciliatis donato. Pedicellus sub ovario
articulatus, villosus, c. 0°25-0°3 em. longus. Calya# 5-partitus, dentibus late trian-
gulis, obtusis vel vix acuminatis, extus villosis, intus glabris, c. 0°125 cm. longis,
0-25 em. latis. Corolla urceolata, 5-loba, extus margine loborum excepto villosula,
intus basi et lobis exceptis pubescens, carnosa, explanata c. 0°95 cm. longa, 1°45 cm.
lata, lobis semiellipticis, obtusis, c. 0°13 em. longis, 0-15-0-17 em. latis. Stamina 10,
c. 0°65 em. longa; filamentum lineare, supra basin dilatatum et villosum, superne
parcissime pilosum vel nudum, margine obsolete denticulatum, antice convexum,
ce. 0:43-0:47 em. longum; anthera in bene } supra basin dorsifixa, oblonga, ad } infra
apicem bifida, basi obtusa bilobula, 2 partibus inferioribus echinulato-papillosa,
ecalearata, c. 0:46-0-47 cm. longa, thecis parallelis, suleco separatis, sulco laterali
longitudinali instructis, tubulis erectis, brevibus, poro introrso hiantibus. Pist¢llwm
totum c. 0°76 cm. longum; ovarium semiglobosum, villosum, c. 0°15 em. altum,
0-25 cm. diam. ; stylus crassus, teres, basi breviter contracta in excavationem disci
insertus, apice truncatus, glaber, c. 0°55 em. longus. Descus pps thtniae medio
excavatus, erecto-hirsutulus, c. 0°25 em. diam.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, between ¢ and @ lakes, in moss-grown
forest by open plaiaan; 8500-9000’. Fl. Dec. 5629.

The indumentum of the flowers recalls that of V. Versteegiu Kds., which
otherwise, however, is a totally different species.

The plant is a compact shrub to tree, with pink flowers.

Vaccinium PILosirLorum J.J. S., sp. nov. 2
Frutex, ramulis initio strigoso-villosulis, deinde verruculosis. Folia parva,
alterna, breviter petiolata, ovata, obtuse acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusa,
convexa, margine in sicco plerumque recurva, integerrima, glandula marginali parva
orbiculari sicco impressa utrinque supra basin, supra presertim prope marginem et
costam mediam parce pilosa plus minusve glabrescentia, subtus sparse villosula et
sparse breviter erecto-patenter muriculata, muricibus apice leviter glanduloso-incras-
satis fuscis, crasse coriacea, rigida, c. 1:2-2-25 cm. longa, 0-7-1-1-1:375 em. lata;
petiolus villosulus, ¢. 0:17-0:27 em. longus. Inflorescentie axillares, brevissime,
uniflore, pedunculo abbreviato, e. 0°05 cm. longo, pluribus squamis approximatis
erecto-patentibus imbricantibus ovato- triangulis ad oblongis valde concavis ciliatis
superne accrescentibus ad ce. 0-1 cm. longis donato. Pedicellus brevis, teres, apice
incrassatis et sub ovario articulatus, villosus, c. 0°17 em. longus. Calyx 5-partitus,
extus villosus, fere 0°5 cm. diam., dentibus sinu lato separatis, triangulis, acutis,
ce. OL em. longis, 0°17-0°2 em. latis. Corolla urceolata, ovoidea, 5-loba, extus
villosa, intus parce pilosa, carnosula, explanata ec. 0-7 em. longa, fauce 0-74 em. lata,
lobis recurvis, ovatis, rotundatis, basi latis, bene 0:1 em. longis, 0-15 cm. latis.
Stamina 10, ¢. 0°5 em. longa; filamentum lineare, supra basin paulo dilatatum et
parcius pilosum, c. 0°34 em. longum; anthera in 2 partibus supra basin dorsifixa,
curvula, oblonga, 2-fida, basi oblique 4-lobulata, 2 sarebos inferioribus echinulato-
papillosa, ecalcarata, c. 0-2 em. longa, thecis parallelis, antice sulco separatis, sulco
laterali instructis, tubulis contiguis, inappendiculatis, poro obliquo hiantibus.
Ovarium breve, vix semiglobosum, villosum, fere 0:3 em. diam.: ; stylus inclusus,

>

173

crassus, teres, } parte superiore contractus, apice truncatus, basi obconicus, glaber,
c. 05 em. longus, 0°13 em. diam. Discus pulviniformis, semiglobosus, medio exca-
vatus, circumferentia 10-lobulatus, vertice a parte inferiore bene distinctus et parcius
erecto-pilosus, ceterum glaber, c. 0°23 em. diam.

Hab. Arfak Mts., ridge running up to Angi lakes, terrestrial or epiphytic
in forest, 8000’. FI. Dee. 6013.

Amongst the species with one-flowered inflorescences othis one is
characterized by its acuminate leaves and very shortly peduncled hairy

flowers.
A shrub with rose-pink flowers.

VACCINIUM ROSEIFLORUM J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Frutex, vamulis tenuibus, minutissime puberulis. o/ia alterna, breviter petio-
lata, elliptica, obtuse acuminata, basi acute acuminata, integerrima, margine in sicco
recurva, glandulis marginalibus nullis, supra glabra, subtus patenter minutissime
rubiginoso-glanduloso-muriculata, pilis apice leviter inerassatis, glabrescentia,
3-5-plinervia, costa media supra insculpta subtus prominente, nervis basilaribus
adscendentibus curvatis superioribus fere ad apicem productis in foliis adultis interdum
tenuiter insculptis, coriacea, ¢. 2°4—-3°9 cm. longa, 1:3-2:15 em. lata; petiolus subsemi-
teres, supra sulcatus, c. 0°15-0°3 em. longus. Inflorescentie axillares, racemose,
secundx, laxe c. 7-9-flore, pedunculo brevissimo, cum rhachide puberulo et minute
muriculato 3°5-3'8 cm. longo. Bractew caduce, foliacee, oblong, obtuse, basi
breviter petiolato-contracte, supra glabra, subtus puberule et minute muriculate,
ec. 0°75-0'98 em. longe. Pedicellus tenuis, sub ovario articulatus, puberulus et
minute clavato-muriculatus, c. 0°5-0°65 em. longus. Calyx adpressus, 5-partitus,
dentibus triangulis, subacutis vel obtusis, concavulis, puberulis et minute muriculatis,
c. 0°125 em. longis, 0°15 em. latis. Corolla cylindrica, vix urceolata, 5-loba, utrinque
glabra, carnosula, explanata, subquadrata, bene 0°7 cm. longa, 0°77 em. lata, lobis
subsemiorbicularibus, rotundatis, intus papillosis, ciliolatis, c. 0-075 cm. longis,
0°125-0°13 em. latis. Stamina 10, c. 0°3 em. longa; filamentum lineare, apicem
versus leviter angustatum, supra basin villosum superne parce pilosum, c. 0°16 em.
longum; anthera supra basin dorsifixa, curvula, oblonga, bifida, basi oblique 4-lobu-
lata, parte inferiore echinulato-papillosa, ecalcarata, c. 0°15 em. longa, thecis parallelis
antice sulco separatis, suleo longitudinali laterali instructis, tubulis erectis, parallelis,
poro terminali hiantibus, margine recurvis et dentes 2-3 triangulos ad subulatos
gerentibus. Ovarium semigloboso-turbinatum, patenter puberulum et minute muri-
culatum, c. 0°175 em. altum, 0°275 em. diam. ; stylus inclusus, teres, truncatus, glaber,
ce. 0475 cm. longus. Diseus pulviniformis, medio excayatus, exterius leviter 10 lobu-

latus, glaber, c. 0°175 em. diam.
Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest-patch by ¢? lake, 7000’.

Bl... Deo, 3088, 27
Near V. muriculatum J. J. 8., but differing in the indumentum, the more

, elliptic leaves without marginal glands, the form of the calyx and corolla, the

non-muriculate anther-tubes, and the enclosed style,

A small tree with pretty pink flowers. :
)

174

VAccINIUM LiGUSTRIFOLIUM J. J.S., sp. nov.

Frutex ramosus, ramulis sicco angulatis, minute puberulis. Fol¢a alterna, par-
vula, breviter petiolata, ovato-elliptica vel elliptica, apice angustata obtusa, basi
acutiuscula vel obtusa, margine in sicco recurva, integerrima, glandula marginali
orbiculari sicco impressa utrinque supra basin, adulta glabra, ut videtur initio plus
minusve puberula, probabiliter 3-plinervia, nervis obsoletis, coriacea, sicco rigida,
e. 1:75-3:25 em. longa, 0°85-1'55 cm. lata; petiolus semiteres, supra sulcatus, sicco
transverse rugulosus, initio puberulus, glabrescens, c. 0°15-0°35 cm. longus. Inflores-
centie (1 adest) axillares, breves, c. 4-floree, pedunculo cum rhachide ¢. 0°7 cm. longo,
glabro, bracteis deficientibus. -Pedicellus sub ovario articulatus, glaber, c. 0°45 cm.
longus. Calyx 5-partitus, extus pubescens, ce. 0°375 cm. diam., dentibus triangulis,
acutis, concavis, ciliatis, c. 0°07 em. longis, 0°15 em. latis. Corolla angustius urceo-
lata, 5-loba, extus glabra, intus parce pilosa, carnosula, explanata c. 0°77 cm. longa,
fauce bene 0°6 cm., infra medium 0°9 em. lata, lobis ovato-triangulis, obtusis, con-
vexis, ec. 0°075-0°08 em. longis, 0°12—-0:15 em. latis. Stamina 10, c. 0°375-0°4 cm.
longa; filamentum lineare, supra basin paulo dilatatum, inferne villosum, superne
parce eRe e. 0°3-0°33 cm. longum; anthera infra medium dorsifixa, curvula,
oblonga, ad } partem infra apicem bifida, basi obtusa, tubulis exceptis echinulato-
papillosa, poltecinta: ce. 0:14 em. longa, thecis parallelis, antice sulco separatis, sulco
longitudinali laterali instructis, tubulis contiguis, exappendiculatis, poro obliquo
introrso hiantibus. Ovariwm semiglobosum, patenter pubescens, c. 0°25 cm. diam. ;
stylus teres, apice contractus, glaber, c. 0°6 em. longus. Discus pulviniformis,
10-lobulatus, medio excavatus, circa excavationem erecto-pilosus, ceterum glaber,
c. 0°23 cm. diam.

_ Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by 2 felis: 7000’. Fl. Dee.
5544.

In some respects near V. muriculatum J. J.8., but with the branches
more robust, the leaves smaller and non-acuminate, shorter inflorescences,
acute sepals, anthers without murices, and style enclosed.

A shrub or small tree with pink flowers.

MYRSINACEA,

Masa FRuTtIcosa Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex parvus, ramuli stricti, teretes, dense foliati, cum inflorescentiis piliis
brevissimis patentibus fugaceis puberulis onusti. Folia parva, obovata, basi rotun-
data, apice angustata, abrupte minute obtuse-apiculata, margine integerrima, recur-
vata, chartacea, supra glabra, subtus pallidiora, tenuiter striata. Racemi pedunculati,
1—3-flori, foliis 2- vel 3-plo breviores. Flores albidi, gracile pedicellati. Sepala 4,
late ovata, acuta. Petala 4, paullo ultra medium connata, lobis suborbicularibus,
tenuiter crenulatis. Stamina petalis haud multo breviora, antheris ovatis, medio
dorsifixis. Stylus brevis ; stigmate obtuso, obscure lobulato. Ovarium ultra @ in-
ferum, lepidotum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’. Fl, 2. Dec. 5579.

A small shrub, with rigid ascending branches and dark red-brown striate’

.

175

cortex. Largest-leaves 2 cm. by 1 cm. with midrib sparsely pilose, on lower
surface prominent and reddish brown in colour, with 2-3 faint lateral veins.
Peticles 2mm. long. Racemes *5-1°5 cm. reduced to a peduncle +2 mm.
long. with 1-3 flowers on pedicels +5 mm. long, sparsely pilose. Bracts
ciliate-acute, 1 mm. long. Calyx-lobes 1 mm. long. Corolla 2 mm. long,

\

4.06. 1h

Mesa fruticosa Gibbs.—A. Branch, reduced; B, Flower ; C. Longitudinal
section of flower.

sparsely pilose on exterior. Anthers 1 mm. long, filaments adnate to the base
of the tube. Style with raised upper portion of ovary 1 mm. long, lower
inferior portion 1 mm.

This species is very distinct in the shrubby habit and small leaves,

recalling Suttonia spp., or some forms of Myrsine africana L, In the

extremely reduced racemes, almost amounting to single flowers, it is so
far unique in the genus.

SYMPLOCACES.

Sympiocos (Bonus) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.
Arbor parva, glaberrima, ramuli teretes, cortice leviter nigrescente. Folia petio-
lata, oblongo-lanceolata, sensim acuminato-obtusa vel emarginata, basi cuneata,

176

obscure serrata, coriacea. Racemi axillares, solitarii vel a basi trifureati, petiolo
duplo vel triplo longiores. Flores sessiles, bracteis 3 subequalibus, squamiformibus,
ciliatis. Calyx 5-lobus, lobi rotundati, incisi, ciliati. Corolla patelliformis, ad basin
fere partita, calyce duplo longior, 5-lobata, lobi ciliati. Stamina inxquilonga,
indistinete pentadelphia. Stylus fere glaber. Ovarium hirsutum, 3-loculare, loculis
2-ovulatis.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of forest by 2 lake, 7000’. FI. Dec. 5574,
5741 bis.

Largest leaves 8°5 cm. by 4 em., midrib prominent below, the lateral
veins 5-8, forming tertiary reticulations. Petioles 1-2 em., channelled above.
Leaves and petioles yellow-green (dried). Racemes +3 em. long, the two .
lateral branches 2 cm. Flowers 6 mm. across. Calyx 2 mm. long, lobes
spreading. Corolla 3 mm. long, tube 1 mm.long. Longest stamens +2 mm.
long, the filaments broadening towards the base, with minute anthers. Style
with stigma 3 mm. long; stigma 3 mm. broad.

This plant is near S. spicata Roxb., but is distinguished by the less acute
leaves, fewer flowering racemes, ciliate bracts and calyx-lobes, smaller flowers
with narrower and more spreading corolla-lobes, and stamens much shorter
than the corolla.

Symp.ocos (CORDYLOBLASTE) NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, ramuli teretes, cortice strigoso-fuscescente cincti. Folia petiolata,
oblongo-elliptica, acutiuscula vel obtusa, basi cuneata, integerrima, chartacea, glabra,
costa media supra impressa subtus prominula. Racemi simplices, axillares, pauci-
flores, subumbellato-racemosi, rhachis griseo-pubescens, pedunculi petiolo breviores.
Bractee sub calyce 2, minime. Calyx lobis 5, rotundatis, campanulatis. Corolla
extus pilosa, calyce 4-plo longior usque medium divisa, lobis 5, ciliatis. Stamina
4-serialia, apice libera, basi in tubum coalita. Stylus hirsutus, stigmate parvo.
Ovarium 3-loculare.

Hab. Arfak Mts., edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’. Fl. Dec. 5578.

Leaves 6 em. long by 3 cm., midrib reddish in colour (dried), latera! veins
4—6, irregularly pinnate; with reticulations arcuate and anastomosing on the
margins. Petiole 1 em. long, dark red in colour, channelled on the upper
surface. Inflorescence 2 cm. long, common peduncle, also pedicels +5 mm.
long. Flower +1°5 em. long. Calyx 5 mm. long. Corolla white, 1 em.
long. Staminal tube 3 mm. long, adnate to and produced above the corolla-
tube. Anthers 5 mm. long, filaments flat, 1 mm. broad, free at the sess
Style 9 mm. long.

This plant is very near 8. Scortechinii King & Gamble. It differs in the
smaller leaves less conspicuously veined, in the almost glabrous pedicels,
calyx, and corolla, with the calyx more deeply lobed and the style less pilose.
With S. Scortechinii and 8. Maingayi Benth. this species shows a 3-celled
ovary which Brand gives as unknown to him in § Cord yloblaste, but these
plants seem to fit into no other section.

177

GENTIANACER,

GestiAna Vanprrwatert Wernham in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix.
(1916) 117.

Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt., on open banks in forest and on ridge, 8500'-
9000’. Fl. Dec. 5641.—On S.W. ridge running up to Angi lakes, 7000’.
Fl. 6001.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).

“A pretty little plant with dark green foliage and white flowers, fairly
abundant as the forest-trees dwarfed and opened out towards the suminit of
the ridges,

APOCYNACEA,

LYONSIA ALBIFLORA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex tenuis, volubilis, ramuli teretes, innovationes sparsim villosi, demum glaber-
rimi. Folia petiolata, oblongo-linearia, acuta, basi retundata vel subcordata, sensim
acuminata, supra nitida, reticulato-rugosa. Inflorescentia unilateraliter axillaris,
longe pedunculata, quam folia longior, divaricato-trichotoma, bracteis linearibus.
Flores pedicellati. Calyx villosus, usque basin fere partitus, laciniis ovatis acutis.
Corolla extus villosa, intus inter stamina et ad fauces barbata, laciniis latis lanceo-
latis, strigosis. Stamina paullo infra basin tubo inserta, anthere basi sagittatie,
semi-exsertw, filamenta gracilia, piloso, non torta. Ovariuwm glabrum, disco 5-lobo
circumdatum.

Hab, Arfak Mts., twining in forest on 8.W. ridge, 8000’; also in spinneys
by ? lake, 7000’. Fl. Dec. 5532.

Leaves 5°5 em. by 1 em., dull and smooth beneath, the young leaves
yellowish with midrib impressed above and prominent beneath, with 4-5
lateral veins all dark brown in colour. Petioles twisted, +7 mm. long.
Inflorescence 5-7°5 cm. long. Flowers 7 mm. long. Pedicels pilose, 5 mm.
long. Calyx-lobes 1 mm. long. Stamens 5 mm., anthers +6 mm. long,
filaments arching over ovary, 2 mm. long. Ovary 1°5 mm, in length.

Judging from Warburg’s description this plant is nearest to his L. diver-
sifolia, but differs in the inconspicuous venation of the leaves with fewer
jateral veins, showing no reticulations on the under surface, the much longer
peduncles, and the pilose outer surface of the corolla.

SoLtanaces&. (J. R. DRummonp.)

Sotanum Gippsi# J. R. Drummond, sp. nov.

Suffrutex sarmentosus c. unum m. altus, ramis lignosis gracilibus stricte erectis
sordide castaneis. Ramu/i pilis stellatis satis copiose muniti, aculeis 6-12 mm.
longis ad basin vix 5 mm. diametro attingentibus rectissimis stramineo-coloratis
armati. Fodéa plana petiolis c. 1 mm. longis ramulis quoad indumentum et spinulas
simillimis suffulta anguste oblongo-lanceolata c. 3-7 cm. longa 2 em. vel minus lata
margine grosse repando-dentata fere pinnatifida lobis patentibus acutis basi cuneata
vel truncata apice acuminata spinis acicularibus aculeis caulinis omnino assimilatis

178

paullo eis longioribus utraque armata pagina superiore nitida glaberrima inferiore
fulvide furfuraceo-tomentosa et cum nervis pilis stellatis albescentibus crebre
conspersa. Inflorescentia extra-axillaris subeymosa; pedunculi singulares 1—3-flori
sub anthesin c. 8 mm. longi capillares cum pedicellis fructiferis ad 20 mm. productis
superne lente incrassatis petiola quoad indumentum emulantes sed cum calycibus
sparse stellate hirsutis denique glabratis vix aculeis muniti. Flores roseo-purpurei
eis S. Zucorum simillimi sed quam illi multo glabriores subrotati. Calyx late cam-
paniformis pilis stellatis satis parce ornatus inconspicuus dentibus brevissimis apice
membranaceo subobtuso post fructum maturatum deciduis, Corolle lobi 5, c. 3°5 mm.
longi angustissime triangulares sensim acuminati extus pilis stellatis parcissime
muniti intus cum antheris subconniventibus inzequalibus glaberrimi denique plus
minusve reflexi. Bacce (fere mature) depresse globose cuti membranaceo nitido
diametro c. 8-10 mm. late modice succulentee. Semina (vix matura) circa 12
flavescentia ambitu subreniformia nonnunquam paullo angulata lateraliter plano-
convexa testa subpellucide nitente sub oculo armato minopere papillosa.

Hab. Arlak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by 9 lake, 7000’. FI. Fr.
Dec. 5974.

The nearest ally of this interesting species is probably S. ferocissimum
Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 58 from East Australia, but the specimens
of that are not quite sufficient for a decision. From S. retrorsum Elmer
(S. refleaispinosum Merrill, MSS. in Herb. Kew.) it differs by the spines,
which in the Philippines plant are curved, the form of the corolla, and
the habit.

Lasrata. (S. Moors.)
Coteus Gissst& 8. Moore, sp. nov.

Planta semimetralis vel ultra, caule ascendente ramoso glabro, ramulis foliosis
subtiliter puberulis, foliis parvis petiolatis anguste ovato-lanceolatis obtusis basi
cuneatis margine serrato-crenatis glabris, spicastris sepe subpaniculatis circa 8-floris
floribus pedicellatis, calycis puberuli dente postico suborbiculari marginibus haud
decurrentibus dentibus lateralibus ovatis obtusissimis quam antici angusti ultra
medium connati brevioribus calycibus tandem patentibus vix reflexis, corolle extus
puberule tubo infundibulari quam limbus longiore hujus labio postico 4-lobo lobis
centralibus quam laterales majoribus labio postico cymbiformi, staminibus exsertis.

Hab. Angi lakes, edges of forest and in open marsh by ¢ lake, 7000’.
Fl., Fr. Dec. 5909.

Leaves mostly 1:5-2 em. long at their widest part, 6-8 mm. broad,
brown in the dry state ; petioles 4-7 mm. long. Spicastra usually more
than 20 em. long, their bracts cymbiform, in outline ovate, commonly about
3mm. long. Pedicels filiform, + 4 mm. long, in the fruiting stage often
7mm. or more. Flowering calyx 3 mm. long ; hinder tooth 2:5 mm. long
and broad, lateral teeth 1 mm., front ones 2 mm. long. Fruiting calyx :
7 mm. long; hinder tooth suborbicular, 4 by 3°5 mm., lateral teeth 2°5 by

d

179

2 mm., front 4°5 mm. long, the free tips of these last narrowly triangular,
acuminate, about 1 mm. long. Corolla white ; tube 8-9 mm. long, at the

_mouth about 4 mm. in diameter; central lobes of the hind lip connate

beyond the middle, 2°5 by 4:5 mm.; front lip 6 by 5 mm. Nutlets
suborbicular in outline, dark, polished, 1:5 mm. in diameter. |

Besides several floral points, the very small leaves serve in this case as an
easy mark of distinction.

BIGNONIACES.

TECOMANTHE VOLUBILIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Suffrutex scandens, volubilis, glaberrimus; ramuli teretes, cortice griseo-
striguloso, lenticellis prominulis obtectis. Folia parva, opposita, petiolata, impari-
pinnata, foliola 4-jugata, opposita, petiolata, elliptica, obtusa vel acuta, basi cuneata,
apicem 1-3-plo serrata, margine recurvata, coriacea, nitida, anteriora sursum minore
supra venis lateralibus 2-3 impressis, subtus glanduloso-punctata. Flores majusculi,
axillares, breviter racemosi. Calya campanulatus, 5-lobus, lobi ineequalibus (posticis
2 majoribus), acuminatis, ciliatis. Corolla late infundibuliformis, rosea, tubus sursum
dilatatus, extus apice pilosus, intus supra basin glaber, lobi deltoideo-acuti, quin-
quefidi, tomentoso-marginati, quarum duo majores. Stamina 4, didyma, inelusa ;
filamenta filiformia, glabra, basi aliquantum stupposa; anther loculis divergentibus.
Stylus filiformis, glaber; stigma bilamellatum. Ovarium cylindraceum glabrum,
pseudo-biloculare, ovula pluriseriata.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Koebré ridge, twining in shrubberies, 9000’. FI.
Dec. 5603.

'A slender twining plant with pink flowers, recalling Lapageria rosea
Ruiz & Pav. in colour and habit. In the forest hy the ? lake the plant was
plentiful, and the fallen corollas often conspicuous on the ground ; but on
Koebré Mt. it was still in flower, both on the old and the young green wood.
The leaves with petioles are +5 cm. long, petioles 2°7 em. long, sub 4-angled,
like the rhachis, which is contracted at the insertion of the folioles, the latter
being 8 mm. long, the lower pair shortly petiolate and often smaller ; the
surface of the folioles when dried is transversely striate above and longi-
tudinally so below. Racemes +2 em. long, with peduncle 1 em. long,
bearing a pair of subulate bracts and two to three pairs of reduced leaves or
folioles, the upper with single flowers in their axils, on slender pedicels 1 em.
long, with two opposite bracteoles 4 mm. long, borne about halfway up.
Calyx +2 cm. long and 8 mm. across at the base of the lobes, the longest
lobes 1:3 em. and 6 mm. broad at the base ; the lobes are reflexed in flower.
Largest corolla +§°5 em. long and 4 em. broad at the base of lobes,
Longest stamens 4 cm. long, shorter pair 3.cm., both inserted 1 cm. from
the base of the tube, which widens out immediately above the point of in-
sertion; anthers 5 mm. long. Style +6 em. long, stigmatic lamella oblong,

180

5 mm. long. Ovary 4 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, surrounded by the
fleshy crenulated disc.

This plant is nearest to 7. leptophylla Bl., known to me only by
description, but differs in the shorter leaves with fewer folioles, the large
calyx with incised ciliate lobes and the corolla not fuscous-striate inside.

GESNERIACES. (S. Moore.)

DICHROTRICHIUM BREVIPES Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. v. 54.

Arfak Mts., lower spurs, twining in high forest, 4000’. Fl. (red). Dee.
6130.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., near Hatam, Beccari,
5000-6000’).

LENTIBULARIACE. (QO. Srapr.)

*UTRICULARIA BIFIDA I, Sp. Pl. 18.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh by ? lake, 7000’. FI. (yellow).
Dec. 5672.

Distrib. India and Ceylon. Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo, Philippines.
China and Japan. KE. Australia.

*UTRICULARIA RACEMOSA Wall. Cat. 1496.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, minute, in marsh by 9 lake where open and
sandy, 7000’. Fl. (purple). Dee. 5670,—Larger plant. 5671.

Distrib, India, Corea, Philippines, Thursday Island.

Rvupiaces#. (Ta. Vateron.)

OLDENLANDIA NUTANS Val., sp. nov., af. O. Kocumt Val. in Nova Guinea,
vili. (1911) 439.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, on edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’.
Fl., Fr. Dec. 5587.—Common in marsh. 5922.—S.W. ridge, open,
steep slopes, 8000’. 5716.—A. E. Pratt, Monswoon Bean, 7000’. (Herb.
Kew.)

Herbacea, 1-15 m. alt., foliis parvis, inflorescentia terminali racemosa, floribus
nutantibus albis c. 6 mm. longis.

Forma ALPINA Val.
Koebré Mt., shrubby herbaceous, on open summit, 9000’. FI., Fr. 5607.

Luciv#a RETICULATA Val., sp. nov.

Frutex scandens, glaber. Stipule membranacez, ochreatim connate. Petiolus
supra complanatus et bisuleus 8-5 mm. longus. Folia 40-70 mm. longa, 10-26 mm.
lata, lanceolata, subacuminata, acuta, basi attenuata, coriacea, glabra, siccando luteo-
viridia nitidula, dense reticulata, costa nervis et venulis supra et subtus prominulis,

181

nervi laterales utrinque 4-6 oblique-patuli, ante marginem arcuato-conjuncti.
Capitula parva, breviter pedunculata, vulgo 4 in apice ramuli umbellata. Flores
parvi. Calyx truncatus, discus globosus, coroll# lobi crassi apice valde incrassati
incurvi et uncinati in alabastra apice gibbosi. Corolla aperta, 4 mm. longa, infundi-
bularis; anthere et villi generis. Fructus ignoti.

Hab. Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, twining on edge of forest by 9 lake,
7000’. Fl. (white). Dee. 5580.

MYCETIA JAVANICA var. ANTHOTRICHA Val. Icones, Pars iii. (1908) tab. 270;
Nova Guinea, viii. (1911) 463,
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, creeping in open marsh by 9 lake, 7000’.
Fi, Fr. Dec. .’5910.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Kambu Tira, Wichmann; N.B.). Malaya.
(Type in Java.)

PsyCHOTRIA VACCINIOLDES Val., sp. nov.

Frutex parvus, squarrosus. Stipule minute, rotundato-ovate, caduce, cicatrices
leves annulati. Ramuli subteretes, ignosi denudati, ultimi densa foliosi. Folia
_parva elliptica, brevi-petiolata vel subobovata, apice acuta, basi attenuata, crasse
coriacea, cuticula supera in sieco valde rugulosa, marginibus incurvis, subuninervia.
Corymbi parvi brevi-pedunculati, brachiati, internodiis brevibus articulatis, densiflori.
Flores in ramulis ultimis vulgo terni, brevi-pedicellati, bracteis minutis ovatis
glanduliferis. los nunc brevistylis. Calyx cum ovario turbinatus, glaber, limbo
patelliformi dentato. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, papilloso-tomentella, limbus tubo
2-3-plo brevior. Anthere nunc exserti, filamentis brevibus, faucis ostium glabrum,
tubus intus ad et infra medium parce hirsutus. Stylus brevis, glaber; stigma
breviter bilobum. Drupa oblongo-globosa. Pyrene dorso profunde sub 5-sulcate,
costis rotundatis, ventre plane, leviter costulate. Semen transsectu 4-loba, lobis
anterioribus exsculptis. -4/bwmen sublieve tegmine crasso hic inde leviter intruso.

Hab, Artak Mts., Angi lakes, Koebré Mt., shrubby and small tree, very
compact, in forest and on open summit, 8500-9000’. FI., Fr. Dec. 5622.—
Shrub, compact. 5717.

Leaves 10-20 mm. long, petiole 1-3 mm. long. Corymbs, with peduncle
5-10 mm. long, 20 mm. long and broad.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., 2500 m., Gjellerup (1202 in
Herb. Bogor.)).

Species rather near to P. densiflora Stapf (Kinabalu, 2200 m.) and
P. Lorentzi Val. (8S.W. New Guinea, Hellwig Mts., 2600-3000 m.).
Easily distinguished by the very small leaves and ericaceous habit.

[Timontus rrtiees Wernham in Trans. Linn, Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 73.
Arfak Mts., on S8.W. ridge, running up to Angi lakes, 8000’, and edge of
forest by ? lake, 7000’. FI.(¢). Dec. 5546.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Aloss).

182

As the 2 plant of the type was alone collected, I add the description
of the ¢ flower :—

Pedunculi glabri, 2 em. longi, quisque flores tres ad apicem gerens quorum inter-
medius sessiles. Calyx campanulatus, 4-dentatus, sericeus, 15 mm. longus. Corolle
sericeo-villose, intus glabre, tubus graciles, leviter incurvus, 2 cm. longus, limbi lobi
erassi, acuti, 2 mm. longi. Anthere lineares 4 mm. longe, basi bifidi, lobis obtusis,
filamenta brevia, supra medium coroll aflixa, inclusa (apicem ipsem solum exserte).
Ovarium subobsoletum; stylus 5°5 mm. longus, hirsutus; stigmato bilobato,
glabro. ;

This plant agrees with the above in the peculiar shape, texture, and
venation of the leaves, though the latter in this case are more rounded to
semicordate at the base. In size they agree uniformly with Wernham’s
var. acuminatissima, which I cannot separate from the type, the reduced
size of the leaves—not uniform in Kloss’s specimen, but well-marked in the
Arfak plants—being no doubt correlated with the higher altitude.—L. 8. G.]

PsYCHOTRIA sp., resembles P. sanMENTOSA BI.

Arfak Mts., 8.W. ridge, running up to Angi lakes, 8000’. Fl. Dee.
5527.—Epiphytic in forest by 2? lake, 7000’. Fl. 5930.

“Shrub to small tree, flowers white.” In the absence of stipules and
fruit the species cannot be more closely determined.

MyrMEDOMA ARFAKIANA Becc. Malesia, ii. 94.

Arfak Mts., Koebré Mt.,in upper forest and on open summit, 8500-9000’.
Fl. Dec. 5639.

Jiistrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Hatam, Mt. Arfak, Beccari (epiphyte) ;
Angi lakes, Gjellerup).

“Terrestrial. Most grotesque plants, over 1 m. high, with often a lateral
branch at right angles to main shoot 1 m. in length. Large slate-blue
flowers up the stem (P1.3. fig. 6). The same species, judging from the colour
and size of the flowers, was also very abundant as an epiphyte, showing no
peculiarities in size and habit (PI. 2. fig. 4). I saw one or two of these
plants on the ground on Koebré, fallen from trees the branches of which had
been singed in the annual burning. Possibly these plants, continuing their
existence under more favourable circumstances, develop into the monstrous
forms described above.”

Morinpa sp., af. M. umBetiata L.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, Koebré Mt., twining in forest, 8000’. Fr.
Dec. 5636.

This species resembles very much the Australian M. jasminoides Cunn.

GALIUM JAVANICUM BL., var.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, creeping in open marsh and on banks by @ lake,
7000". Fi, -Dec. S917,

183

CAMPANULACEA.

Lopetia (IsoLopus) ARFAKENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Planta pusilla, a basi crebro ramosa, humifusa, caules repentes, tota planta albo-
pilosa. Folia parva, petiolata, orbicularia, regulariter grossedentata. Flores
axillares, longe pedicellati. Calya laciniis linearibus, acutis, tubum zequantibus.
Corolla quam lacinie calycine triplo longior, laciniis anguste linearibus superioribus
erectis, a basi partitis, inferioribus trilobis. Stamina lobis corolle brevioribus,
anterioribus albo-barbatis, filamenta fere usque ad basin coalita.

Hab. Arfak Mts., S.W. ridge, just above the 9 lake, 8000’. Fl., Fr.
Dec. 6117.

A tiny plant of Pratia habit, spreading on the ground where open
between shrubs, with white flowers tinted mauve on the outside. Leaves
4 by 5mm., with deltoid teeth 1 cm. long. Petioles 2 mm. long. Flower
6 mm. long. Pedicels +1-1°2 em. long. Calyx ‘5 mm. long. Corolla
6 mm. long. Stamens 5 mm. long, anthers +1 mm. Capsule 6-7 by
4 mm.

The only species known in this section in Malaya is L. radicans Bl.,

a much larger and quite glabrous plant.

GOODENIACEA.

Scmvoia LAvTERBACHIANA Krause in Pflanzenreich, iv. 277 (1912) 132.

Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by ? lake, 7000’. FL, Fr. (yg.).
5742.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

A scrambler with yellow flowers, striped with dark veins, occurring
massed in the open. Evidently an extremely variable plant in the shape
of the leaves and extent of the tomentum on the peduncle, corolla, and ovary.
The above specimens are glabrous, the leaves broadly ovate and irregularly
dentate, a character also shown in the type-specimen (Schlechter, 14446,
Herb. Kew.). The corolla is sparsely pilose on the outer surface and barbate
on the veins to the base of the lobes on the inner ; the style is also markedly

shorter than in the type.

Composit. (S. Moors.)

Brpens spremynata L. Gen. Pl. ed. 1, n. 641; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910)

337.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, abundant in open marsh by @? lake, 7000’.

Fl., Fr. Dec. 5562.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Merauke, Versteey). Wide in tropics

and recorded from Europe,

184

EmrLia soncntrouia (L.); DC. in Wight, Contrib. 24; Schum. & Laut.
602.
Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in open marsh and on edge of ¢ lake, 7000’.
Bic Belo. |
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea and adjacent islands. Tropics of both
hemispheres.

Lactuca protixa 8. Moore, sp. nov.

Caule simplici elato gracili striato, foliis radicalibus ...... caulinis perpaucis
anguste lineari-oblanceolatis acutis basi in petiolum longissimum extenuatis margine
distanter denticulatis membranaceis glabris, capitulis submediocribus in paniculam
brevem vel elongatam oligo- vel polycephalam satis laxam digestis pedunculis propriis
quam bractea subulata basali plane longioribus teneris, involucri oblongo-campanulati
glabri phyllis linearibus acutis sepe anguste albo-marginatis additis paucis exterioribus
abbreviatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, flosculis exsertis, acheniis anguste fusiformibus
pluricostatis glabris in rostrum quam se ipsa brevius desinentibus, pappi setis
levibus albis.

Hab, Arfak Mts., Angi lakes, in bracken where burnt, 7000’. FI.
Dec. 5921.

At most more than a metre high. Single leaf seen 10 cm. long, above
the middle 5-6 mm. broad ; petiole almost as long as lamina, swollen at the
base. Inflorescence sometimes only 7 cm., at others more than 20 em.
long, 5-15 cm. broad. Bracts few, +2 mm. long. Capitula 1 em. long.
Involucres 9 by 1-1°5 mm., their outer leaves 1-2 mm. long. Achenes
(with the beak 2 mm. long) 6 mm. long; pappus 5 mm. long.

A remarkable plant, differing from the widely diffused ZL. levigata DC.
in the tall habit, the narrow leaf on its very long stalk, and the narrower and
longer flowering heads.

185

List of Plants collected in the Vicinity of Manokoeari, Humbolit Bay, and on
the Islands of Roon, Wakdé, and Wiak, Dutch N.W. New Guinea,
in January and February 1914,

THALLOPHYTA.
FUNGI. (J. Ramssorrom.)
ASCOMYCETES.,
DISCOMYCETES.

Pinocratera Hinpsu (Berk.) P. Henn. in Hedw. xxxii, 225 (1593).
Trichoseypha Hindsii Sace. Syll. viii. 161 (1889).

Manokoeari, on dead wood, sec. jungle, edge of “korang ” forest, 200’.
Jan. 6169.

Distrib Common in tropics.

Hennings (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiv. 362 (1892)) has proposed the generic
name Pilocratera to replace the name T'richoscypha (Cooke) Sace. (1. ¢.)—
the latter name having been used by Cooke (187%) as a subgenus. As
in several cases, the name has been duplicated in different plant-groups,
J. D. Hooker (Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant. i. 423 (1862)) using it for a
genus of Anacardiacese. The question of these duplicate names should be
considered in general ; it can then be seen whether the principle of nomina
conservanda should be invoked for the name in one group used for a large
number of species in a well-known genus, as against the name used for
a little-known genus with few species.

PILOCRATERA NOVO GUINEENSIS Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Rubra ; ascomatibus ceraceo-carnosis, stipitato-cupulatis, 1-5-2 cm. diam., extus
pruinosis, margine pilosis, quoque pilo e tubulis septatis hyalinis coalitis composito,
cupulo hemispherico, stipite compresso, 3-3°5 cm. longo, 1 mm. crasso, pruinoso ;
ascis cylindraceis, c. 320 » x 15-16 p, breviter stipitatis, partibus sporiferis c. 170 p
longis, apice non iodo cerulescentibus, octosporis; sporis monostichis, fusoideo-
ellipticis, biguttulatis, 23-28 » x 12-15 »; paraphysibus cylindraceis, septatis, 5 pu
crassis.

In ligno putrido.

The hairs on the disc margin are composed of a cone of septate hyaline
filaments, which are about 7-8 » wide at the base. The cone is about
350 » in length, with a base of about 150 yw. The cells of the peridium
are spherical, and vary in size from about 25 « towards the middle of the
disc to about 10 » at the margin. They are thick-walled, as are also the
paraphyses and spores.

Hab. Manokoeari, sec. jungle, edge of “ korang ” forest, 200’. Jan. 6152,

186

SARCOSOMA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus gelatinosis, brunneis, discis pallidioribus, turbinatis, 8 cm. altis,
5 em. latis, extus strigoso-hirsutis ; setis simplicibus, septatis, castaneis, 450-1200 pe
x 10-17 .; ascis eylindraceo-clavatis, obtusis, ad 400 « x 17-18 p, partibus sporiferis
ce. 250 », octosporis, paraphysatis ; paraphysibus subclavatis, fuscidulis, 4-6 p crassis ;
sporis monostichis, ellipsoideis, 1-2 guttulatis, 25-40 p x 11-15 yp, hyalino-fuscidulis.

Ad terram.

Hab. Manokoeari, common in forest and sec. jungle. Jan. 6198.

This magnificent species is closely allied to Bulgaria celebica P. Henn.
(Monsunia, i. 30 (1899)) = Sarcosoma celebicum Sace. & Syd. (Sace. Syll.
xvi. (1902)), but differs in its larger size and in the somewhat greater
dimensions of all its parts. Hennings, who did not at that time separate
Sareosoma from Bulgaria, writes concerning his species :—‘ Kine sehr
grosse, stattliche Art, die aussen sowie am Rande mit-dichten schwarzem
Haarfilz bekleidet, von allen bisher bekannten Arten ganz verschieden ist
jedoch mit B. platydiscus (Casp.) [Sarcosoma platydiscum Casp.] gewisse
Aehnlickheit besitzt.””. The interior of S. novo-guineensis is whitish, and in
formalin appears translucent. The spores are almost colourless.

BASIDIOMYCETES.

AURICULARIACES.

HiRNEOLA POLYTRICHA (Mont.) Sace. Syll. vi. 766 (1888).

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “ campong,”’ dead wood in forest, 500’.
Jan. 6269.

Distrib. Widespread in tropics.
Eaten by Chinese.

POLYPORACESR.

Porta Gipps1z Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Cremicolor, 2-8 cm. longa, effuso-crustacea, usque ad 3-4 mm. crassa, subiculo
tenuissimo ; tubulis obliquis, 2-5 mm. longis; poris irregularibus demum laceratis
(4d marginem regularibus) ¢. 1 mm. diam. ; sporis ellipticis 6-8 px 4-5 p; basidiis
c, 25-80 p x 6-7 pu.

Ad lignum putridum.

Manokoeari, sec. jungle, edge of “ korang” forest, 200’. Jan. 6153.

Potyrorus (LEntTus) arcuLartus Fr. Syst. Mye. i. 342 (1821).

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” dead wood in forest, 500’.
Jan. 6255,

Lnsirib, Practically world-wide,

187

HEXAGoNA APIARIA (Pers.) Fr. Epicr. Syst. Myc. 497 (1838). H. Wightii
(Klotz.) Fr. Polyporus apiarius Pers. in Freye. Voy. 169 (1826).
P. Wightii Klotz. in Linnea, vii. 200 (1832).
Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” plentiful on dead wood in
forest, 500’. Jan. 5701.—Manokoeari, 500’. Jan. 5700.
Distrib. Philippines, India, Ceylon, Java, New Guinea, etc.

Favouus scaBer B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xiv. 57 (1875).
Manokoeari, Genbela, on dead wood, forest track along coast. Jan.
6214.
Distrib. Ceylon, Malaya, ete.

CLAVARIACESR.

Prervuna Grannis H. & P. Sydow in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. liv. 252 (1916).

Manokoeari, sec. jungle on edge of “korang” forest, on buried wood,
200’. Jan. 6165.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

The collecting-notes give “smoke-grey in colour,” whereas Sydow’s
description says, “ dilute brunnea vel flavo-brunnea.”” The dried specimens
are rufescent.

CLavariA Grppsi£ Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Alba, translucens, gregaria, subfasciculata, clavata, recta, c. 10 cm. alta, 4°5 mm.
crassa; clavis simplicibus; sporis hyalinis, ellipsoideis, basi subapiculatis, 7-11 pw
x 4-6 y; basidiis clavatis, vix emersis, c. 40 « x 8-10 x; sterigmatibus binis.

Ad terram.

Hab, Manokoeari, in forest, 200’. Jan. 6174.

DACRYOMYCETACES.

GUEPINIA CONFERTA Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Alba, gelatinosa, conferta, confluenti-czspitosa ; pileo stipitato, primitus sulcato-
cylindraceo dein plano-convexo vel excavato; stipitibus teretibus vel compressis saepe
in 2-3 ramos divisa; basidiis linearibus, longe fureatis, bisporis, 5-6 p crassis, ad
basim ramosissimis ; sterigmatibus filiformibus, ec. 15-20 p longis, basi 2-3 p diam. ;
sporis cylindraceis, curvulis, multiguttulatis, 10-13 p x 4 p.

In ligno putrido.

The hyphe of the interior are laxly interwoven and have a diameter of
2-3 ps.

Hab, Manokoeari, sec. jungle, edge of “ korang” forest, 200’, Jan. 5702.

yg

188

GASTEROMYCETES.

PHALLOIDACES.

DicTYOPHORA PHALLOIDEA Desy. in Journ. d. Bot. ii. 88 (1809).

Manokoeari, very common on ground where damp in forest, 200’. Jan.
6156.

Brown, reticulum yellow. Eggs brown. Smells like Phallus impudicus.

Distrib. Widespread in tropics.

In specimens preserved in spirit the pileus and the wide-netted
reticulum have a dark, somewhat orange colour and the stipe is almost
white ; the liquid contains a flocculent powder, which is of the same colour
as the reticulum, but somewhat lighter. In dried specimens the pileus is
blackish brown, the net and stipe orange, and the volva looks like touch-
wood. The pileus, stipe, and indusium of D. phalloidea are in most
collections normally white; and Fischer (1891, 1893) gives thirty-six
synonymous forms, though he includes D. rosea (Cesati), recorded from
French Guinea and Java, in which the indusium is pink.

D. phalloidea seems to be extremely variable in the shape and size of its
parts, chiefly the pileus and the indusium. Méller, discussing the question
of varieties (‘Brasilische Pilzblumen,’ 122 (1895)), says :—‘* Die Varietiiten-
bildung kann meines Erachtens keine andere Bedeutung haben, als die
einer iibersichtlichen Anordung der in den Sammlungen zufillig ent-
haltenen Stiicke. Jeder neue Fund wird sie veriindern und erweitern. . - -
Wiirde man auf diesem Wege weiter gehen, so miisste beinahe fiir jeden
neuen Kinzelfund nun ein neuer Varietiten-Name gemacht werden, mit —
ebenso grossem und ebenso geringem Rechte, wie man friiher einen neuen
Artnamen einsetzte. In der Sache wire kaum etwas geiindert. Ich
mochte es fiir ausreichend halten, wenn man neue Fundorte bekannt giebt —
und auf die vorkommenden Formabweichungen aufmerksam macht, um
das Maass der Formschwankungen innerhalb dieser merkwiirdigen Art
allmihlich festzustellen.” Petch (Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya, iv.
139 (1908)) gives an account of the variations in the pileus and net which
led to the formation of “species.” The New-Guinea specimens fall well
within the morphological series described by various authors.

With regard to colour there seems to be just as great a variation, and
certain species have been described on what seems to be differences in
colour alone. One of these, Dictyophora multicolor, was described from
Brisbane by Berkeley and Broome (Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser. Bot. ii. 65
(1883)). The type-specimen is in the herbarium of the British Museum.
T'wo drawings accompanied the specimen sent by Bailey—one by himself, the
other by his young son. The drawing and colouring in each is very poor,
and Bailey calls his own colouring “incorrect.” The notes on colour are
“orange” for the pileus, “lemon” for the net, and ‘cream ” for the stipe.

189

(The original of Miss Ellis’s drawing, tom. cit. t, xiv. f. 16, is in the B.M.
collection. It is made up from the specimen and the accompanying sketches,
and probably poorly represents the former when gathered, either in shape or
colour.) The veil is dependent, but judging from the type-specimen there
is no reason against considering it, from a morphological point of view, as a
badly-preserved D. phalloidea. Penzig (Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, xvi.
154 (1899)) records D. multicolor from Java, where he found it not very
common. He regards it as easily distinguishable from D. phalloidea by its
orange-coloured indusium. The volva is dark brown, the stipe pale yellow
(cream), and the pileus dark yellow after the dark olive-green gleba has
been washed away; the mycelial strands are reddish. He regards this
species as, on the average, smaller than D. phalloidea.

The specimens of the present collection are doubtless D. pudiiaolor as
interpreted by Penzig.1

Another species which apparently differs only in colour from D. phalloidea
is D. callichroa MGll., based upon a single collection (Moller, tom. cit. 129).
The pileus of both specimens was orange, and the mouth rose-coloured. The
stipe and indusium were pure white. ‘Bei keinem der sonst beobachteten
(iiber 40) Fruchtkérper von D. phallotdea wurde eine tihnliche Farbung, wie
hier, auch nur andeutungsweise je beobachtet.”

Hennings (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxv. 505 (1898)) gives the name D. phalloidea
forma aurantiaca to a specimen from New Guinea with an orange-yellow
pileus and a snow-white indusium. Fischer (Mitt. naturf. Gesell. Bern,
110 (1907)) describes a form with a white volva and a yellowish-brown
indusium.

Concerning Ceylon specimens, Petch (I. ¢.) says that the commonest
form has a white stalk, a white cap, and a salmon-pink net. A pure white
specimen is rare, though the specimens developed from “eggs” were
white, suggesting that separation from the mycelial strands influenced
the colour. (Miller’s specimens, except D. callichroa, were developed from
collected eggs.) Petch summarizes his observations : “ Altogether, it may
be said that the cap may be white, pale yellow, or orange; the stalk may
be white, yellow, orange, or pink; and the net may be white, yellow,
orange, orange-red, pink, or salmon. Examples occur with all possible
combinations of these colours, without any. structural differences which
would warrant their separation as species.... In some of the Ceylon
specimens the mycelium and volva are white, in others they are violet,
or the top of the unopened egg is purple; and there seems to be some
correlation between the presence of colour in the volva and mycelium,
and its absence from the mature fructification.... It seems impossible
to maintain species on colour. In Ceylon, one +7 certain after gathering

1 Qleland and Cheel record this form for Australia (Journ, Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xlix. 200
(1916)). cg

190

fifty specimens that he has phalloidea, multicolor, and callichroa ; by the
time he has seen one hundred this belief is considerably shaken : and
further experience forces him to the conclusion that there is only one
species. Nor is it possible to separate forms on such characters as the
relative position of the cap and net, the rounded or flattened bands of the
net, the size of the meshes, the depth of the net, and the extent of its
spread.”

Lloyd (‘Synopsis of the known Phalloids,’ 20 (1909)) says that the
colour forms of D. phalloidea “have a geographical significance. They
do not occur in Samoa; and Mr. ©. B. Ussher, who has observed the species
in tropical Africa, informs me that they are absent there.”

The smell of D. phalloidea is, according to Méller, worse than that of
Phallus impudicus ; the smell of D. callichroa bears no resemblance to it,
and is ‘‘ schwach, wiederlich siisslich.” Bailey writes concerning D. multi-
color :—“ The odour of this beautiful fungus is decidedly strong and far
from being agreeable, but it has not the loathsomeness of an Aseroé.”
Petch says the smell of the Ceylon specimens is not by any means s0
offensive as that of P. impudicus, being rather sweet, slightly offensive
indoors, and scarcely perceptible at a short distance from the fungus in ~
the open, so that he was never able to detect it by its smell, as one often
does Phallus. Miss Gibbs informs me that after her first gathering of the
fungus it was nearly always by smell that she afterwards detected it.

LYCOPERDACESA.

GEASTER FIMBRIATUS Fr. Syst. Mycol. iii. 16 (1829).

Manokoeari, rank jungle at edge of ‘“‘ korang ” forest on ground, 200’.
Jan. 6173.

Distrib. Recorded from all continents except Asia (?).

GEASTER MIRABILIS Mont., var. TRICHIFER Lloyd, Mycological Notes, xxv.
314, 317 (1907). G. trichifer Rick in Lloyd, l. ¢.
“Ts really a form of Geaster mirabilis, but the exoperidium is strongly
strigose, and the only Geaster known that has this character ” (Lloyd).
Manokoeari, rank jungle at edge of “korang” forest on wood, 200'.
Jan. 5753.
Distrib. Brazil.

Fungi Imperfecti.
HYPHOMYCETES.

(YLINDROPHORA EPITRICHA Ramsbottom, sp. nov.

Cespitulis minutis albis, byssinis; hyphis ad basim 4 p er.; septatis, ramulos
simplices unilaterales ferentibus ; hyphis fertilibus ascendentibus vel subrepentibus,
non-septatis ; conidiis ellipsoideis, 7~10 p x 3-4 p.

In setis Sarcosoma novo-guineensis (q. v.). 5751.

191

BRYOPHYTA. (A. Gurr.)

HEPATICE.

*DuMoRTIERA VELUTINA Schiffn. Hepat. Flora von Buitenzorg, i. 26 (1900).
Manokoeari, track to Ambani, terrestrial in forest, 500’. Jan. 6196.
“* Mossy green in appearance.”
Distrib. Java, Sumatra.

ANTHOCEROS BULLATO-SPONGIOSUS Gepp, sp. nov.

Frons fureatim divisa; rami ce. 1 cm. longi cuneate subflabellatimve expansi
ce. 05 cm. lati translucentes, inferne plani, superne lamellis magnis (scilicet parietibus
cavernarum perruptis) bullato-crispatis lobulatis oblique ascendentibus subcontiguis
ornati, interne spongiosi e cavernis allantoideis c. 0-1-0'3 mm. diam. +1 mm. longis
longitudinaliter dispositis 3—4-seriatis oblique apicem rami versus ascendentibus per
parietes unilamellatos sejunctis compositi. Cellule lamellarum ec. 40 p diam. Invo-
_luerum c. 0°3 cm. longum lamellis paucis parvis crispatis thallinis ornatum. Capsula
e. 25 cm. longa, 0°35 mm. diam.; valve stomatibus pertuse; columella tenuis.
Spore c. 30 mw diam. unicellulares brunnew verruculose. Pseudo-elateres c. 300 p
long., 5 w crass. vermiculariter flexuosi brunnei opaciusculi hie illic articulati sine
spira.

Hab. Island of Roon, road along Bay, on open bank. Jan. 6241.
“Thallus like Dendroceros javanicus, yellow and fluffy.”

MUSCI.

*GARCKEA PHASCOIDES C. Miill. in Bot. Zeit. 1845, 865.

Island of Roon, road along Bay, on open bank. Growing among Antho-
ceros bullato-spongiosus. Jan. 5754.

Distrib. Malay Islands to 8. China and India.

*WILSONIELLA PELLUCIDA C. Miill. in Bot. Centralbl. 1881, 345.

Island of Roon, road along Bay, on open bank. Growing among Antho-
ceros bullato-spongiosus. Jan. 5755.

Distrib. Java, Macassar, Ceylon.

PELEKIUM TRACHYPODUM Jaeg. & Sauerb. Gen. et Spec. Muse. ii. 334
(1878).
Manokoeari, ridge behind “campong,” on dead wood in forest, 400’.
Jan. 6184. .
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Onin, west coast, Beccari; N.E.). Malay
Islands. India.

192

PTERIDOPHYTA. (A. Gerr.)

FILICALES.

The references to the descriptions of the following ferns are to be found
in Christensen’s ‘ Index Filicum,’ 1905-13.

TRICHOMANES HUMILE Forst.

Humboldt Bay, over ridge behind “campong,” on rocks by stream, in
high forest, 300’. Jan. 6251.

Distrib. New Guinea (8.E.). Java. Formosa.

TRICHOMANES BIPUNCTATUM Poir.

Island of Roon, ridge above “campong,” epiphytic in high forest, 300’.
Jan. 6236.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Soron, Beccari ; Aru Islands;
N.E.). Asia. Africa. Polynesia.

TRICHOMANES JAVANICUM Bl., var. RHOMBoIDEUM ©. Chr.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “ campong,” 500’, common in high forest,
terrestrial. Jan. 6263.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Ramoi, Beccari ; D.S.W., Noord
River, Versteeg; Papuarand, von Roemer; N.E.). Trop. Asia. Trop.
Australia, Polynesia.

CYaTHEA RUNENSIS V. Ald. v. Rosenb.

Island of Roon, ridge rising from bay, 300', undergrowth in high forest.
Jan. 6237. “Small tree-fern, 3 m. in height, very thin stem, paleaceous.
Fronds 2 m. long, bases dry and thorny.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Roon Island).

ALSOPHILA STRAMINEA, Gepp, sp. nov.

Stipes (?). Frons tripinnatifida ; rhachis straminea sparse muricata, supra fusco-
pubescens ; pinnz basales circa 40 cm. longe 15 em. late, medie circa 55 cm. longe,
brevi-stipitate lanceolate acuminate apice pinnatifide ; rhachis pinne sparse punctato-
muricata, supra rufo-tomentosa infra sparse pallide et crispate pubescens; pinnule
alterne 14-19-jugate lineari-lanceolate acuminate brevi-stipitate, 8 cm. longe
+1°5 cm, late, fere ad costam (ad $) pinnatisecte ; costa pinnule supra rufo-
tomentosa infra sparse et crispate pubescens; segmenta + 16-jugata, 4 mm. lata,
inter sese + 1 mm, sejuncta, oblonga falcatula obtusa serrulata, infra minute pubes-
centia ; costula supra glabra; venule 8-10-jugate furcate. Sori mediani
+ 8-jugati in venule furea siti. Zeaxtura herbacea; color lamine viridis.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” 500’, undergrowth in
high forest. Jan. 6256. “Tree-fern, 3 m. in height. Stem thin and
thorny, paleze bark brown.”

The pinnules are inserted on the costa (secondary rhachis) at intervals of
about 2°25 cm., and their margins are +1 em. apart. The frond is not
hairy enough to be referred to A. trichodesma.

193

Dryopteris (NEPHRODIUM) TRUNCATA O. Kuntze.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, terrestrial in “korang” forest, 700’,
common. Jan. 6206. “Fronds 1:50 m., arranged as in a small tree-
fern.”’

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Noord River, von Roemer ; N.E.).
Madagascar to Polynesia and tropical Australia.

*Dryopreris (LAstREA) STENOBASIS ©. Chr.

Schouten Island, Bosnik, Wiak, terrestrial in forest, near beach. Jan.
6280. “ Rosette habit ; frond 2 m. long.”

Distrib. Celebes; Philippine Islands.

CycLopeLtTis PrestiaNna Berk.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, epiphytic in “ korang” forest, 500’. Jan.
6207. ‘* Fronds on rhizome.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Beccari: sine loc., Gjellerup ;
N.E.). Malay Islands. Burma. ,

Aspipium (SAGENIA) PACHYPHYLLUM Kze.

-Manokoeari, base of high forest behind Manokoeari, 200’, terrestrial.
Jan. 6168. “Sterile and fertile fronds.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.). Malay

Islands. Polynesia.

Aspipium (PieocnemiA) Leuzeanum Kze.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, undergrowth in “korang” forest, 700’.
Jan. 6194.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak, Beccart: im feuchten Urwald,
Gjellerup ; N.E.; S.E.). Polynesia. Malay Islands. South China. India.

THYSANOSORIA Gepp, gen. nov.
Sori parvi globosi copiosi submarginales super venis simplicibus terminales.
Indusium nullum. Rhizoma scandens; stipes rhizomati haud articulatim adjunctus ;
frondes dimorphx pinnate, pinnis rhachi articulatim adjunctis.

THYSANOSORIA DIMORPHOPHYLLA Gepp, sp. nov. (PI. 4.)

Axis scandens volubilis stramineus paleis deciduis primum vestitus. Frondes
dimorphe. Stipes basi decurrens haud articulatus, 7-9 cm. longus stramineus
parcissime paleaceus. rons sterilis oblonga, c. 35 cm. longa 18 em. lata, fere
pinnata, rhachi angustissime alata, pinnis plerumque alternis 6-8-jugatis sessilibus
basi articulatis, ad intervalla c. 4 cm. insertis, e basi cuneata lineari-lanceolatis
acuminatis, 14-15 cm. longis 2 em. latis (pinna apicali ceteris congruente, sed haud
articulata), margine veniformi integro, venis pinnatim dispositis simplicibus (rare
fureatis) usque ad marginem excurrentibus. Frons fertilis oblonga, 22-28 em. longa
c. 15 cm. lata, pinata, pinnis plerumque 9-jugatis stipitatis, rhachi ad intervalla

194

2-3 em. articulatim insertis, anguste linearibus versus apicem attenuatis, 10-15 em.
longis 1°50 mm. latis (8 mm. cum soris), margine inconspicue sinuoso, lamina pallida,
venis simplicibus marginem haud attingentibus. TZeatwra chartacea. Sori globosi
intramarginales sed ultra marginem multo eminentes, copiosissimi (90—100-jugati),
ad lobulos minutos singulariter ad intervalla + 2 mm. dispositi, super venis simplicibus
terminales. Jndusium nullum. .

Hab. Manokoeari, ridge behind Manokoeari, 500’, common climbing in
“korang” forest. Jan. 6162. “Sterile and fertile fronds.”

This is the most remarkable fern in the collection and the most difficult
to place systematically. It is a climbing fern with twining axis and dimor-
phous pinnate short fronds; the stipes is non-articulate and emerges gradually
from the axis ; the sterile pinne are sessile and articulated to the narrowly
alate rhachis ; the fertile pinne are articulate, stipitate, very narrow, pallid,
and fringed along each side by about 100 small prominent globose sori at
close intervals, arising intramarginally on the apex of simple veins. Each
sorus is subtended by an inconspicuous lobule which appears to be too small
to cover over the youny sorus. No trace of an indusium can be found.

The systematic position, in view of the exindusiate sori and the non-
articulate stipes, would seem to be near to Phegopteris, though the plant
recalls Stenochlena in its climbing habit and dimorphous fronds, and
Nephrolepis in its articulated pinne.

_ From Cesati’s description of his Gymnogramme pteridiformis (in Rendic.
Accad. Soc. R. Napoli, xvi. 1877, p. 30), collected by Beccari at Andai, and
transferred to Notochlena by J. G. Baker (in Beccari’s ‘ Malesia,’ iii. 49),
one infers that that plant may prove to be nearly allied to the present, and
possibly congeneric. Hitherto it has failed to find a satisfactory systematic

position.
STENOSEMIA AURITA Presl.
Manokoeari, ridge above “ campong,” 500’, common in “ korang”

forest, terrestrial. Jan. 6176. ‘Rosette habit, fertile fronds, over-
topping sterile.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Beecari ; N.E.). Malay Islands.
Solomon Islands.
DirLazium Maximum C. Chr.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” 200’, very. common under-
growth in high forest. Jan. 6257.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.; 8.E.). Asia. Polynesia. Australia.
DipLaziuM POLYPODIOIDEs Bl.

Schouten Islands, Bosnik, Wiak, terrestrial in forest, near beach. Jan.
6281.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beceari s ‘N.E.). Malay
Islands. India. Australia,

195

Drpiazium (ANISOGONIUM) PROLIFERUM Thouars.

Manokoeari, terrestrial in base of high forest, 200’. Dec. 6159. “ Like
small tree-fern in habit.”

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Noord River, Versteegy; Mt. Carstensz,
Kloss; N.H.). Malay Islands to Polynesia and tropical Africa.

ASPLENIUM LASERPITIIFOLIUM Lam.

Manokoeari, common in “ korang” forest, 500’. Jan. 6183. “ Rosette
habit, fronds 1 m., naked stipes 0°50 m., young plantlets make roots on
parent plant.””

Mnstrib, New Guinea (D.N.W., Ramoi, Beccari; D.S.W., Hellwig-Gebirge,
von Roemer; N.E.; 8.E.). Malay Islands. Polynesia. Trop. Australia.

HYPOLEPIS GRANDIFRONS Gepp, sp. nov.

rons maxima subdeltoidea (pinna basalis c. 72 em., pinna media c. 92 em. longa)
tripinnata ; pinne primarie lanceolate acuminate 22-25 em. late; pinne secundarie
alterne c. 40-jugate breviter stipitate, intervallis c. 2°5 cm. inserte, lineari-lanceolatw
acuminate usque ad 12°5 em. longe 2°5 cm. late; pinnule alterne 20-22-jugate
breviter stipitate oblonge obtusissimz pinnatifide, lobis anticis 5 et posticis 4
instructze, apice + flabellate ; lobi oblongi paucicrenati vel integri, venulis 3 anticis
1 postico percursi; lobus anticus inferior duplo major, venulis 3-jugatis furcatis
percursus. Sort in lobis solitarii, in sinu marginis antici positi, lobulo (indusio)
parvo luteo-fusco involuto obtecti; in lobo antico inferiore duo sori adsunt.
Sporangia circum penicillum paraphysium articulatarum disposita. Texrtura
membranacea ; color valde viridis. hachis primaria (? 1 cm. crassa) straminea ;
rhachis secundaria et tertiaria atque pinnularum coste superne sulco pilis articulatis
brevibus + villoso exarate; costa et venule pilis paucis hinc illine instructe.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “ campong,” 500’, terrestrial by stream
in high forest. Jan. 6258. “ Magnificent single fronds from underground
creeping rhizome, 5 m. long, petiole 3 m., lamina 2 m. deltoid.” ©

The huge fronds, the stipitate pinnules, and the few sori distinguish this
species from the rest. The material consists of two pinne with fragments of
the main rhachis attached.

Prerts (EUPTERIS) BAMBUSOIDES Gepp, sp. nov. 2

Rhachis erecta crassa atro-purpurea subnitens minute pubescens. Pinne inter-
vallis circa 4 em. inserte, erecto-patentes, alterne (?) brevi-stipitate, ad basin imam
1-2-dichotome, segmentis usque ad 40 em. longis e basi cuneata linearibus sensim
attenuatis, fertilibus integris, sterilibus serrulatis, versus apicem spinuloso-serratis,
margine incrassata venuliformi, lamina nitente, costa inferne plerumque rubella et ad
latera spe pubescenti, venulis plurimis (circa 33 in centimetri spatio) conspicuis
simplicibus fureatisve. Zndusiwm angustum brunneolum membranaceum.

Hab. Arfak Mts., inundation area of Momi River, and common down to
Wariap. Dec. 5732. ‘Each shoot up to 3 m, tapering; growing in
clumps. Pinnz on young fronds plane, but on rhachis twisting in growth,
finally arranged spirally.”

196

The material collected consists of a longitudinal half of a fragment of
rhachis, about 38 cm. long, with pinne attached. The pinna-segments
closely resemble the pinnz of P. moluccana, but differ, of course, in being
dichotomously disposed at base.

The remarkable fronds of this fern, rising to a height of 3 m. from the
ground and growing in clumps, must form a conspicuous feature in
the savannah landscape. It is surprising that so well developed a species
should not have been recorded previously, unless, indeed, its distribution is
extremely limited.

PTERIS TORRICELLIANA Christ.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “ campong,” 400’, by stream in high forest,
undergrowth. Jan. 6252. “ Petiole 1°50 m., frond 1 m. long.”

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.).

VITTARIA ELONGATA Sw.
Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” 200’, epiphytic by stream in
high forest. Jan. 6254, “Pendent from rock, fronds 2°80 m. long.”
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Soron, Ramoi, Beccart ; D.S.W., coastal
lowlands, Versteeg ; N.E.; 8.E.). Trop. Asia. Polynesia. N.E. Australia.

ANTROPHYUM RETICULATUM Kaulf.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, 700’, epiphytic in high forest. Jan.
6193.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., coastal lowlands, Versteeg ; N.E.; S.E.).
Madagascar to Polynesia and tropical Australia.

Potypopium (PLEOPELTIS) NORMALE Don.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “‘ campong,” 500’, common, climbing in high
forest. Jan. 6271.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.), Trop. Asia. China. Madagascar.

*LyGoDIUM DIGITATUM Presl.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, 500’, common in forest and clearings.
Jan. 6208.

Distrib. Philippine Islands. Malacca.

ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA Hoffm.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” 500’, very common by stream
in high forest. Jan. 6259.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; D.S.W., Mt. Car-
stensz, Kloss; S.H.). Tahiti. Trop. Asia. Africa,

OPHIOGLOSSUM PEDUNCULOsUM Desy.
Dammar Island, in open “‘kebun” near seashore. Jan. 6289.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Trop. Asia. Australasia.

TTT

FORTE Te

Pee Mp CeO OR. Ser tee™

197

LYCOPODIALES.
LycoPopIUM PHLEGMARIOIDES Gaud.

Manokoeari, Langgén, epiphytic on tree hanging over sea. Dec. 6221.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Malay Islands, Polynesia.

LycoPopium cErNuum L.

Island of Roon, young plants, spreading in the open, in shade by road
round bay. Jan. 6225,

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari ; D.S.W., Mt. Car-
stensz, Kloss; N.H.; S.E.). Tropics and some subtropics.

PsiLotum FLaccipum Wall.

Schouten Islands, Bosnik, Wiak, epiphytic on strand trees. Jan.
6273.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Arfak Mts., Beccari; D.S.W., Noord

River, Versteeg ; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.), Tropics.

SELAGINELLA PLUMOSA Baker.
Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “ campong,” creeping in high forest, 500’.

Jan. 6265. :
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.). Solomon Islands. Trop. Asia.

SPERMATOPHYTA.
CYCADALES.

CYCADACES.
Cycas ctromauis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1188; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. ii. 71;
Schum. & Laut. 153; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 343.
Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, under trees on seashore. Veg. Jan.

6278.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Noord River, Versteeg ; 8.E.: N.E. and

adjacent islands). S. Asia to Polynesia.

MONOCOTYLEDONEZ,
PanpaNaceE&. (A. B. RENDLE.)
FREYCINETIA OBLANCEOLATA Martelli in Webbia, iii. 176.
Manokoeari, “korang” forest, 500’. Fl. g. Jan. 6158. Spathes

light green.—Fl., 9. 6157. Spathes pink-green.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Doré, Teysmann).
The specimens agree with Martelli’s description, except that the number

of the stigmas varies from 2-4 in the above specimens.

198

Frevoiet1a Beccart Solms-Laub. in Ann. Jard. Buit. (1883) iii. 100.
Manokoeari, Langgén, scandent on land-edge of mangrove assoviation.
Fr. Jan. 6219.
Distrib. New Guinea.

Fruit red-brown, 2°5 mm. long, not quite ripe.

Panpanus pusius Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. (1826) 897; Schum. & Laut. 159.
Manokoeari, Genbela, plentiful by cape, on edge of sandy beach. Jan.

6215.—Wakdé Island, gregarious on edge of beach. Fr. Jan. 6248.
Distrib. New Guinea and adjacent islands. Java, Borneo, Moluccas,

Celebes, Philippines, Carolines, Marianne Islands, and New Hebrides.

*PANDANUS POLYCEPHALUS Lam. Encyel. i. (1785) 372.

Manokoeari, Langgén, common in mangrove association. Fr. Jan.
6230.

Distrib. Amboina, Batjan, Ceram, Timor, Sumatra.

* Plant +10 m. high, with branched head. Fruit red.”

Panpanus TaBBERSIANUS Rendle, sp. nov.

Arbor parva. Folia valde spiraliter ordinata, e basi dilatata linearia, superne
gradatim attenuata, basin versus late canaliculata cxterum plana; marginibus in
parte basilari nudis ceterum dentibus minutis acutis crebris munitis; costa media
in facie inferiore prominente, velut in margine denticulata. Syncarpium magnum,
pendulum, pendunculo longo suffultum, anguste lanceolato-ellipsoideum, axe fibroso-
lignoso, spathis plurimis indutum. Spathe lineari-lanceolate vel lanceolate, sub-—
wquilonge, coriacez, extus leves, carinate, marginibus et carina (basi excepta) velut —
in foliis denticulate. Drupe mature brunnex, numerosissime, conferte, irregu-
lariter 5—7-gonz, parte apicale libera et infra pileum depresso-pyramidatum angulosum
constricta ; stigma laterale, horizontale, plus minus compressum superne autem rotun-
datum vel interdum bilobatum; endocarpium osseum, anguste ellipsoideum, basi
angustatum, mesocarpium inferne fibrosum.

Hab. Manokoeari, forest edge, track to Ambani, 100’. Fr. Jan. 6213.

Plant 5 m. high. Leaves 3 m. long, 13 cm. wide at the base, 6 cm.
wide about the middle; teeth 1°5-2 mm. long. Syncarp 4 dm. long,
1 dm. in greatest diameter, core up to 5 em. in diameter ; peduncle 3°7 dm.
long. Drupes 1°8-2-1 em. long, 4-5 mm. thick, upper free part about
‘5 em., cap 2-2°75 mm. long ; endocarp about 1 cm. long.

From the description evidently near P. Englerianum Martelli from Neu-
Mecklenburg, which, however, has a much larger trigonous syncarp, scarlet
drupes, and a discoid stigma. The synearp of our species is described as of
a uniform chocolate-brown colour.

This plant has been named in honour of Mr. (now Capt.) Tabbers, Acting
Assistant Resident at Manokoeari, to whose ready help, practical experience,
and judgment Miss Gibbs was much indebted during her stay.

199

GRAMINEA. (A.B. Renpzz.)

CENTOTHECA LAPPACEA Desy. in Journ. de Bot. (1813) 70; Schum. & Laut.
185; Ridl. in Trans. Linn, Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 250.
Island of Roon, ridge beyond Djendé, common undergrowth in forest,
400’. Fl. Jan. 6234.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Utakwa River, Kloss; N.E. and adjacent
islands). West Africa, through India, Malesia, and Polynesia.

GIGANTOCHLOA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Rendle, sp. nov.

Culmus arborescens, ramis teretibus glabris. Folia subsessilia, lineari-oblonga,
apice subabrupte acuminata, ad basin valde obliquam et inequaliter cordatam paullo
angustata, multinervia sed haud conspicue, haud_ tessellata, utrinque glabra, margine
scabridula ; vagine tubuliformes, persistentes ; ore auriculate, ciliate ; ligula angusta,
ciliata. Inflorescentia terminales et axillares, rhachi elongata, ramis multo brevi-
oribus, suberectis, spiculis capituliforme fasciculatis, capitulis distantibus, ad apicem
rami interdum glomeratis. Spicu/e numerosissime, dense conferte, lanceolate,
compress, pluriflore; glume inferiores, sepe 2, steriles, fertilibus minores, late
ovate, apice mucronate, multinervie, in margine superiore sparse ciliolate ; glume
JSertiles 2-5 distiche, 1 vel 2 superiores imperfecte, late ovate, breviter acuminate,
apice pungente, in margine superiore ciliolatez, multinervie ; palea glume subzequalis
vel paullo brevior, bi-carinata, carine minute ciliolate, lamina inter carinam et mar-
ginem 3- vel 2-nervata, pars inter carinas haud nervata. Lodicule 0. Stamina 6,
exserta, filamenta pro majore parte longitudinis in tubum tenuiter membranaceum
demum valde fragilem connata; anthere anguste lineares, obsolete apiculate.
Ovarium breviter pedicellatum, anguste pyramidatum, glabrum, stylo elongato,
filiforme, superne in stigmata plumosa 3- vel 2-diviso.

Culms about 16 ft. high; the young culm about 1 em. thick ; sheaths
membranous, tubular, 11-12 cm. long, with margins ciliate above, and a
truncate auricled apex bearing a fringe of long erect stiff cilia, 1°8 em. long,
small leaf-blade, subsessile, ovate, acuminate, with shallowly cordate base.
Fully formed leaves on tflowering shoots 4-4-5 dm. long, 7-9 em. wide,
on the young leafy shoots up to 6 dm. long, 9°5 cm. wide ; apex acuminate,
ending in a twisted scabrous point; ligule a ridge bearing stiffish cilie
which are about 1 cm. long. Rbachis and branches of inflorescence smooth,
glabrous ; the rhachis up to 6 dm. long; spikelets crowded in somewhat
distant heads, 1°2-2 em. long, which are generally 3-5 cm. apart, but closer
toward the end of the axis, where they sometimes unite to form a spherical
compound head. Branches of inflorescence and heads subtended by the dry,
brown, persistent bract-sheath, which is about equal in length to the head.
Spikelets about 1 em. long, 4 mm. broad. Lower barren glume 4 mm. long,
9-nerved, upper 6 mm. long, 11-nerved ; flowering glumes 8-9 mim. long.

A very distinct species, suggesting Ozytenanthera in habit of in-
florescence.

Hab. Manokoeari, open cultivated slopes above “campong,” 100’. Jan.
6270 a & b.—Humboldt Bay, beyond “campong” in the open and along

stream. Jan. 6266a & b.-

200

Cyrperacesz. (A.B. RENDLE.)

THORACOSTACHYUM HyPoLytTRoDEs C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi.
(1894) 680.
Humboldt Bay, by “campong,’
Jan. 6249.
_ Distrib. New Guinea. Asia and tropical Australia.

b

swamp behind beach, abundant. Fl.

*ScLERIA MARGARITIFERA Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 312.
Manokoeari, edge of forest, 200’. Fl, Fr. Jan. 6166.—Island of
Roon, near Djendé, in the open, by road round the bay. Fr. Jan. 6239.
Distrib. Polynesia. Australia.

Pau. (0. Brccart.)

ARENGA MICROCARPA Becc. in Schum. et Hollr. Fl. von Kaiser Wilhelms
Land (1889) 16. A. gracilicaulis Bailey in Queens]. Agric. Journ. iii.
pt. 3 (1898) 202. A. mierosperma (sphalmate pro <A. microcarpa)
Bece. in Rechinger Bot. u. Zool. Ergebnisse, etc. v. (1913) 64, et in
Schum. et Laut. Fl. deut. Schutzg. in d. Siidsee, 204.— Didymosperma
microcarpa Warb.in Mons. ined. ex Schum. et Laut. 1].c. 204. D. novo-
guineensis Warb. in Mons. ined. ex Schum. et Laut. 1l.¢. D. humile
Laut. et K. Schum. in Schum. et Laut. 1. c. 204.—? Saguerus austra-.
lasicus Wendl. et Dr. in Linnea, xxxix. (1875) 219.

Humboldt Bay, by river near “campong.” Fl., Fr. Jan. 6268.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea and N.E. Australia.

Caryota RumpuHiAna Mart. Hist. nat. Palm. iii. 195; Blume, Rumphia, ii.
140; Bece. Malesia, i. 70, 74.
Dammar Island. Fl., Fr. Feb. 6288.
Distrib. Moluccas.

- Licuata Montana Dammer et K.Sch. in Schum. et Laut. Fl. deut. Schutzg.
in d. Siidsee, 200 ; Bece. in Webbia, i. 291 (in note).

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind the “campong.” Fl. Jan. 6262.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

PIGAFETTA FILARIS Bece. Malesia, i. 89 (Pigafettia). Metroxylon flare Mart.
Hist. nat. Palm. iii. 216 & 343. Sagus jilaris Bl. Rumphia, ii. 154 &
128. Pigafettia papuana Becce. Malesia, i. 89.
Manokoeari, ridge behind, single specimens in forest, 500’. Jan. 6180.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., near Andai, Beccari). Moluccas.

201

ARACES.

Hotocniamys Brocart Engl. in Malesia, i. 265; Schum. & Laut, 212;
Nova Guinea, viii. (1912) 806.

Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “campong,” 500', undergrowth in high
forest. Fl, Jan. 6261.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Ramoi, Andai, Beccart ; D.S.W., Hellwig
Mountains, von Roemer [fl. Nov.]; N.E.). Aru Islands (Moseley,
‘Challenger’ Exp. Herb. Kew.).

Spadix green when collected with only remains of spathe.

CyRTOSPERMA MACROTUM Becc. (MS.) ex Engl. in Bull. Soc. Tose. Ort. iv.
(1879) 295; Malesia, i. 279, t. xxiv. figs. 1-6; Nova Guinea, viii.
(1910) 249; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 24.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, undergrowth in high forest, on “ korang.”
Fl. (yg.). Jan. 6211.

Distrib, New Guinea (D.N.W., Batanté, Beccari ; D.S.W., Noord River,
Versteeg, Brandenhorst, marsh land, von Roemer; Mt. Carstensz, Kloss ;
S.E.).

Plant 1 m. high. Spathe white.

ScHISMATOGLOTTIS DURENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba parva; caudiculus hypogeus. Cataphylla lineari-lanceolata, mem-
branacea. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi breviter late cordata, superne
flavo-viridia, subtus pallida, nervis +16, vagina lata. Spatha solitaria, albida, basi
constricta, lamina convoluta, dilatata, cuspidata. Spadicis pars feminea triente
inferiori dorso spathe adnata, superne laxiflora, inflorescentia mascula a feminea
interstitio nudo separata. Staminum filamenta quam anthere paullo longiora ;
thece obovoider, concavo-rufescentes. Staminodia truncata, rufo-punctata. Ovaria
oblonga, ovoidea, stigmate parvi sessili coronata, ovula plurima.

Hab. Manokoeari, terrestrial in secondary jungle, forming large patches.
200’. FL, Fr. Jan. 6167.

Plant +3 dm. high. Largest leaf +1°5 dm. by 5 cm.,acumen 1 cm.
Petiole +1°8 dm. long, vagina 3°5 cm. Peduncle +7 em. Jong ; cataphylls
+2°5 em. long. Spathe white, 3°6 cm. long, basal portion 15 cm. by
4 mm. Spadix white, 2 em. long; ¢ portion cylindric, 12 cm. by
2°5 mm., constricted above ; upper part club-shaped, 1 em. by 4°5 mm., with
stamens below and staminodes at the apex. Fruit green (when collected),
2 cm. by ‘7 mm.

Near S. Klossii Ridl., but differs in the longer petioles, larger and broader
— leaves, longer peduncles, and the naked interval between the upper and lower
portion of the spadix. Mr. N. E. Brown was good enough to give me his

opinion on this plant as a new species.

202

AGLAONEMA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Engl. in Bot. Jahrb. xxv. (1898) 22; Schum.
& Laut. 214. :

Manokoeari, undergrowth in damp secondary jungle, 100’. Fl. Fr.
Jan. 6164.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

Stem 1 m. high, with leaves aggregated at the top. Spathes green,
sometimes bipartite ; spadix white ; fruiting spathes green, fruit red. .
Anocasta acuta (Engl.) Hall. f. in Bull. Herb. Bois. vi. (1898) 605 ;

Malesia, i. 294 ; Schum. & Laut. 214; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 251.
Manokoeari, common on edge of forest, where damp, 200’. FI., Fr.
6190.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Beccari; D.S.W., Noord River,
Versteeg; N.E.). Skru and Aru Islands, Batyan (Herb. Kew.).

A very striking plant with stem 2 m. high, the large fleshy leaves aggre-
gated at the top, bearing numerous flowers, on short peduncles, in their axils.
The greenish spathes enclose the spadix, which is white at the top (¢), then
red (sterile), and green at the base (2). The fruit contains 2-6 bright red
seeds, with fruiting spathes red at the base and green above.

FLAGELLARIACES.,
Fuacetiaria inpica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 333; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. i. 73;
Rid]. in Journ, Bot. xxiv. (1886) 358; Schum. & Laut. 215; Ridl.
in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 231.
Manokoeari, scandent on the highest trees in the forest and in open
clearings. Fl. Jan. 6210.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.E.; S.E. and
adjacent islands). Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia.

COMMELINACER.

Poti1a Sorzogonensts (E. Mey.) Endl. Gen. Pl. (1841) 368 ; Schum. & Laut.
216; Nova Guinea, viii. (1913) 907; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2,
Bot. ix. (1916) 231.

Manokoeari, Langgén, undergrowth in secondary jungle. Fl. (white).
Jan. 6222.

Distrib. New Guinea ‘D.N.W., Salt Spring, Begowri River, Gjellerup ;
D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss; N.K. and adjacent islands). India and Ceylon;
Indo-China; Formosa ; Malaya, N.E. Australia, and New Caledonia.

LILIACEA.
DRacHNA ANGUSTIFOLIA Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 155; Ridl. in Journ. Bot. xxiv.
(1886) 357; Schum. & Laut. 220 ; Nova Guinea, viii. (1914) 1002.
Humboldt Bay, edge of forest. Fl., Fr. Jan. 6250.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Bogowri and Tor rivers,

203

Gjellerup ; D.S.W., Merauke, Versteeg ; Okaba, Brandenhorst ; N.E. ; 8.E.).
India. Indo-China, Philippines and Formosa, Malay Archipelago and
N.E. Australia.

Common, but not in flower about Manokoeari.

DRACENA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Caulis simplex, fruticosus. Folia petiolata, ascendentia, spiraliter arcte imbri-
cata, lineari-lanceolata vel oblanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, membranacea, viridia,
oblique parallele costata. Panicula longe pedunculata, quam folia brevior. Flores
solitarii vel bini, pedicellis graciliter dispositis. Bractee membranacee, deltoideo-
acuminate. Perianthium albo-viridulum, lobis ultra medium liberis, obtusis, apicem
incurvatis, tubo basin versus angustato. Stamina gracilia, filamentis complanatis,
antheris basi divaricatis. Ovariwm sessile: stigma 3-lobatum. Bacca disperma.

Hab. Manokoeari, common undergrowth in high forest on “ korang.”
500° Fil., We. Jan. 6195.

A very characteristic little plant, 25-50 m. in height, well marked by
the spirally twisted leaves, like a screw pine in appearance. Leaves 3-4°6 dm.
in length, including linear petiole +1 dm. long, slightly broader and sheathing
at the base, by 3-3°5 em. broad, the shorter leaves being the broadest. In-
florescence 1°3—2°7 dm. long, including peduncle 1-1°4 dm. long and 6 cm.
broad, generally branching three times, but in the single fruiting example
unbranched and epedunculate. Bracts +3 em. long, those subtending
flowers 3 mm. long; bracteoles 2 mm. Perianth 1°3 cm. long, with
segments 7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, Stamens 5 mm. long ; anthers
3 mm. ; filaments 2°5 mm.by1mm. Style 1:1 em. long, with minute stigma.
Ovary 2mm. long Fruit +6 by 7 mm..

This species seems distinct from the Malayan Draczenas, so far known, in
the lengthily petiolate spirally arranged leaves, with very straight linear
petioles, and the strap-shaped filaments to the anthers. This is the first
member of the genus to be described from New Guinea.

OrcHIDACESR. (J.J. Smita.)

VrypaGzynEA ELONGATA BI. FI. Jav. n. ser. 1, 61, t. 28, f. 1, ete.

Island of Roon, ridge beyond Djende, terrestrial in forest. FI. Jan.
6240.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

HiprropHyLtuMm ALBoviripg J. J. 8. in Fedde Rep. xi. (1912) 135; in
Nova Guinea, xii. (1915) 217, t. Ixxi. 123.
Schouten Islands, Island of Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand tree.

Fl. (white). Jan. 6283.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Tor River, Gjellerup).

204

Lrparis (§ Ecirparis) MABOROENSIS Schltr. Orch. D. Neu-Guinea, (1911) 186.

Var. BISTRIATA J.J. S., var. nov.

Planta minor. Folia 4-5°4 cm. longa, 2°3-3°2 em. lata. Inflorescentia 1-flora.
Sepala et petala c. 0°475-0'44 cm. longa. Labellwm 0°56 cm. longum. Ovariwm
pedicellatum ec. 0°6 cm. longum.

Manokoeari, tract to Ambani, terrestrial in “ korang” forest, 800’
above the sea. Fl. (green). Jan. 6187.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea. —

I think this plant is LZ. maboroensis Schltr. I have kept it apart because
of the smaller flowers and the two purple lines on the labellum.

Mrcrosty.is (§ CREPIDIUM) XANTHOCHILA Schltr. in Schum. et Laut. Nachtr.
Fl. d. Schutzgeb. Siidsee, (1905) 102, ete.
Manokoeari, tract to Ambani, terrestrial in high ae on “ korang,”
800’. Fl. (orange-green). Jan. 6188,
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

Microstytis (§ Crepipium) Gippstaz J. J. 8., sp. nov.

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante adscendens, c. 11-folius. Folia oblique
subovato-oblonga, plus minus falcata, subacuta, apiculata, minute undulata, nervis
conspicuis c. 8 subtus prominentibus, c. 45-5 em. longa, 16-17 cm. lata;
petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina ¢c. 1‘6-1°7 cm. longus. Jnflorescentia erecta, laxe —
multiflora, pedunculo c. 5-25 em. longo, vaginulam bracteiformem 1 gerente, rhachide
6 cm. superante. Bractee parve, reflexe, oblongo- ad lanceolato-triangule, acute,
ad c. 0°27 cm. longer. Flores patentissimi. Sepalwm dorsale subovato-ovale,
obtusum, convexum, apice concavum, 3-nervium, fere 0°3 cm. longum, 0°175 cm.
latum. Sepala lateralia reflexa, oblique orbiculari-ovata, obtusa, basi convexa,
superne concava, 3-nervia, c. 0-26 cm. longa, fere 0-2 cm. lata. Petala oblique
ligulata, obtusa, 1-nervia, c. 0°25 em. longa, 0°08 em. lata. Labellwm hippocrepidi- |
forme, fovea triangula concava incrassatione triangula lata convexa circumdata,
incrassatione parva ad basin, explanatum totum c. 0:48 em. longum, lobis lateralibus

_ obsoletis vel subobsoletis, obtusis, lobo intermedio late triangulo, in lobos 2 oblique
triangulos acutos margine interiore repandulos bifido, laciniis 4 elongatis subulatis
presertim interioribus falcatis et lobum intermedium superantibus ad bene 0-1 cm.
longis exterius descrescentibus utrinque, auriculis majusculis, anguste oblique trian-
gulis, acutis vel acutiusculis, fere 0-2 cm. longis, basi c. 0°08 cm. latis. Gynostemium
a dorso compressum, oblongo-quadrangulum, apice dilatatum, dorso convexum, bene
0-1 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, auriculis divergentibus, antheram superantibus,
oblongis, truncato-obtusis, intus convexis, carnosulis. -Anthera cucullata, transverse
quinquangulari-reniformis, obtusissima, 0°06 cm. lata. Rostellwm latum, retusum.
Ovarium pedicellatum ¢. 1-1-1 em. longum,

Hab. Manokoeari, tract to Ambani, terrestrial in “ korang” forest,
700’. Dec. 6192.

The nearest allies of this species are M. pedicellaris Rchb. f., M. pectinata

J.J.8., and M. wariana Schltr., which all are characterized by the elongate
pedicel,

205

Tt differs from the insufficiently described M. pedicellaris in the inflor-
escence showing a distinct naked portion at the base, in the pedicels which
have 3-4 times the length of the sepals, and in the teeth of the lip ; from
M. pectinata. by the more numerous and smaller leaves, smaller flowers,
longer auricles of the lip, etc.; and from M. wariana by the more numerous
smaller leaves, the differently coloured flowers, longer auricles to the lip, ete.

The leaves appear to have been coloured.

The flowers are said to be purple.

Denprosium (§ CapEtIA) potamoPHiLum J.J.S. in Bull. Jard. Buit. 2° sér.
n. Vill. (1912) 18.—Cadetia potamophila Schltr. Orch. D. Neu-Guinea,
(1912) 438.
Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand tree. Jan. 6282.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea,
Schlechter’s sketch and description suits this plant very well; the
length of the spathe, however, is 1 em., whereas Schlechter gives 0°5 cm.
Flower white, labellum veined, with purple tip.

Denprosium (§ AportM) pseupocaLczotum J. J.S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind.
Néerl. n. v. (1907) 34, ete.
Manokoeari, Langgén, epiphytic on prostrate tree, overhanging sea.
Jan. 6227. :
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

Flowers mauve.

Denprosium (§ Aporum) rxconspicuum J. J. S., sp. nov.

Caules elongati, ramosi, valde compressi, laxe flexuosi, nitidi, axe foliati, superne
valde attenuati et folia rudimentaria gerentes, parte adest 74 cm. longa, internodiis e
basi apicem versus paulo dilatatis, ad c. 4 em. longis et 0°47 cm. latis. Folia erecto-
patentia, lateraliter compressa, lanceolato-linearia, acuta, sicco margine superiore
c. 4°7 cm., margine inferiore 5:2 em. longa, 0-4 cm. lata; vagine tubulose, valde
compress, ensiformes, internodia equantes. Inflorescenti@ e nodis caulis partis
superioris, fasciculatz, squamat, pedunculis brevibus, 1-floris. Flores parvi. Sepa-
lum dorsale triangulum, obtusum, 3-nervium, c. 0°25 em. longum, 0°225 em. latum. ©
Sepata lateralia lacinia oblique triangula ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum
obtusum cum ovario angulum fere rectum faciens medio fere valde obtusangule
ineurvum fere 0°25 cm. longum formantia, marginibus anticis libera, oblique triangula,
obtusiuscula, 4-nervia, ¢. 0°25 em. longa, basi 0°36-0°37 cm. lata. Petala oblique
lanceolata, acuta, 1-nervia, e. 0°26 cm. longa, 0°07 cm. lata. Labellwm cum pede
gynostemii angulum acutum faciens, supra basin et in # partibus supra basin
obtusangule recurvum, unguiculatum, valde dilatatum, 3-lobum, basi 3- supra basin
5-nervium, fascia lata longitudinali incrassato apice 3-loba, lobulo intermedio
laterales bene superante basin lobi intermedii vix attingente, explanatum, c. 0:4 cm.
longum, ad lobos laterales 0°35 cm. latum, ungue oblongo-quadrangulo ; lobi laterales
sinibus parvis a lobo intermedia separati, late trianguli, fere quadranguli, obtusi,
irregulariter marginati; lobus intermedius laterales superans, es laté

Q

206

retuso-subbilobulus, cum lobulo parvo fere wquilongo triangulo obtuso in sinu,
ec. 0:06 em. longus, 0°15 cm. latus. Gynostemium breve, ¢. 0-075 cm. longum, »
filamento subulato, auriculis subquadrangulis, 2-lobulis. Anthera cucullata, ambitu
antice 6-angulata, apice truncata, basi 2-lobula, ¢. 0°07 em. lata. Pollina 4,
oblonga, lateraliter compressa, interiora quam exteriora tenuiora, exteriora extus
convexa, c. 0°06 cm. longa. Stigma profunde excavatum, quadrangulum, margine
inferiore rotundatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum subrectum faciens,
medio fere obtusangule incurvus, parte superiore quam partem inferiorem bene latiore
concava cum incrassatione longitudinali verruculosa, truncatus inexplanatus
c. 0°25 em. longus. Ovarium 6-sulcatum, ¢. 0°23 em. longum, cum pedicello
c. 0-4 em. longo, tenuiter clavatum.

Hab. Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand tree, common.
Jan. 6272.

The description of D. nycteridoglossum Rehb. f., which is said to be of
Papuan origin, more or less fits this plant. As, however, the description
is very poor and the exactness of the information about the origin is very
uncertain, further comparison with that species is for the present useless.

The material was very poor, and especially the description of the lip
wants further confirmation.

The flowers are said to be yellow.

Erta (§ Cytrypro.osvs) rier BI. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 183, ete.
Var. pAPuANA J. J.§S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1913) 76, t. xx. 59.
Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand trees. Jan. 6276.
Though I now think that this plant is not a form of Eria rigida BI., I
quote it under the above name because I do not yet wholly understand
Schlechter’s Papuan species of this group.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Gjellerup).

Shoots, 50 m. long. Flowers with outer perianth-segments white, the
inner pink.

PomaTooa.ra onrenrate J. J. S. in Nova Guinea, xii. (1913) 101, t. xxviii.
85, ete. :

Boeroe, Tifoe harbour by road to signal point, forest. Fl. (orange),
Jan. 6296.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Gjellerup ; D.S.W.,
Merauke River, nat. coll.). Kei Islands, Amboina, Obi.

SARcANTHUS BicoRNis J. J. 8. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. n. xix. (1908)
35, etc.

Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand trees. Fl, Jan.
6274.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Digul River, Brandenhorst ; Noord River,
Versteeg ; N.E.).
Flowers with white petals and yellow labellum.

207

DICOTYLEDONEZ.

CASUARINACES.
CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. Aust. 103, fig. 52.
Wariap, near, on a stony and open inundation area of the Momi River.
Fr. Dec. 6126.
Distrib. N.E. & S.E. New Guinea ‘and adjacent islands, Solomon and
Marianne Islands, Polynesia, N.E. Australia, Malaya, India to E. Africa.

PIPERACEA. (C. pe CANDOLLE.)

Piper Bosnicanum C. DC., sp. nov.

Ramulis glabris levibus ; foliis sat longe petiolatis glabris, limbo ovato-rotundato
basi ima vequilatera acuto apice breviter et obtusiuscule acuminato, 5-nervio, petiolo
basi ima vaginante ; pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore, spica matura quam
limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bractee glabre pelta rotunda centro pedi-
cellata, ovario libero rotundato glabro, stigmatibus ovatis brevibus, bacca ovate
glabree stipite duo pluries longiore.

Hab. Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik. F., Fr. 6277.

Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Ramuli spiciferi 2 mm. crassi, collenchyma in
fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati,
canalis lysigenus ventralis perphericique plures. Limbi in sicco formi pellucido-
punctulati, usqua ad 10 em. longi et 7 cm. lati. Petioli 1:5 cm., pedunculi 1 em.
longi. Spica matura 2 cm. longa, bractez pelta. 1 mm. diam. Stigmata 3 sessilia,
bacea in vivo aurantiaca in sicco nigra 7 mm. longa et 5 mm. crassa.—Species primo
adspectu P. buruanum, Miq. referens.

Preer Foretentt C. DC. in Prodr. xvi. i. 348 ; Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit,
i. (1876) 50; Nova Guinea, viii. (1914) 1007.

Roon Island, ridge beyond Djendé, 300’, scandent in forest. Fl., 9. Jan.
6233.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Doré, Teysmann ; D.8.W., near Alkmaar,
von Roemer). Amboina, Halmaheira, Philippines.

Liane, climbing up trunks of trees, with huge leaves and pendent yellow
spikes, 4 dm. long and 3 em. thick. Also abundant in the high forest
round Manokoeari, but only seen there in sterile condition.

Prrer srpunctatum C. DC., sp. nov.

Ramulis glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis, limbo elliptico-lanceolato basi #qui-
latera acuto apice acuta, et sat longe acuminato supra glabro subtus puberulo,
5-plinervio nervo centrali nervum adscendentem utrinque opposita vel alterne mittente
quorum supremus a 2-2°5 cm. supra basin solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque
a basi soluto, petiolo puberulo basi ima vaginante ; pedunculo fere glabro petiolum
superante, spica subflorente quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bractew
glabre pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris ovatis 4-valvatis
quam filamenta oblonga pluries brevioribus.

Hab. Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik (coral), in clearings. Fl. Jan.

5709.

208

Dioicum, epiphytum. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm. crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos
discretos a latere valde productos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intra-
medullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei
usque ad 12°5 cm. longi et 3°5 cm. lati, creberrime pellucido-punctulati punctatique
punctis rotundis vel oblongis. Petioli 6 mm., pedunculi 10 mm. longi. Spica sub-
florens 3 cm. longa et 2°5 mm. crassa, bractez pelta 1 mm. diam.

Moraces. (H.N. RIDiey.)

Ficus trrectoria Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 550 ; Schum. & Laut. 273.
Wakdé Island, on beach. Fl. Jan. 6244.
Distrib. N.E, New Guinea. India, Burma, Malaya, and Philippines.
“A large tree with white latex.”

Ficus myriocarpa Mig. in Aun. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 230-296 ; Schum. &
Laut. 2381.
Manokoeari, in high forest, on “ korang,” 200-500’ Fr. Jan. 6171.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E., and adjacent islands). Amboina.
“‘ Large forest tree, the leaves with stipules 4~5 cm. long and red recep-
tacles. The fruiting branches are cauline, long, and are also borne on the
roots.”

*Fious cELEBICA Bl. Bijdr. 461.

Manokoeari, tract to Ambani, in high forest on “korang,” 200’. Fr.
Jan. 6209.

Distrib. Celebes, Malay Peninsula, and Philippines.

“* A forest tree with orange-red receptacles.”

*Ficus porryocarPa Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 233.

Manokoeari, in high forest on “korang.”” Fr. Jan. 6179.

Distrib. Celebes.

“A tree, with green receptacles borne on hollow cauline branches.
When cut water came out of the figs.”

Ficus pracaiata King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. i, 106, pl. 136.

Manokoeari, common in high forests on “ korang,” 200-500’. Fr. Jan.
6172.

Distrib. Sumatra.

“A tree with green receptacles, 3°7 em. across, borne on long, cauline,
branching and pendent, fruiting shoots. On cutting figs open, water
came out.”

Ficus conocEPHALIFOLIA Ridl., sp. nov.

Arbor, ramis erassiusculis cortice cervino. Folia oblonga breviter obtuse cus-
pidata base rotundato cordato margine integro, superne glabra subcoriacea, subtus in
nervis 7 paribus hirtis, nervis intra margines anastomosantibus, subtus minute albo-

209

punctata secabra, 40 em. longa, 18 cm. lata, petiolo 12 em. longo. Stipule persis-
tentes lanceolate acuminate hirte, 2 em. longe vel ultra. Syncarpia rubra globosa
2 cm. crassa (in sicco) parce hirta, bracteis 2 lanceolatis acutis dissitis in dorso.
Bractee basales nulla. Pedunculus -5-1 em. longus bracteatus. Bractee ad
ostiolum lanceolate acuminate hirte, plures erectee. Flores masculi ad ostiolum
monandri, pedicellati, sepala 4 lanceolata subacuta, anthera reniformi magna trans-
versim biloba. Feminei plerumque longe pedicellati, pistillo oblongo, stylo laterali.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, ridge behind “kampong.” Fr. Jan. 6260.

A specimen of what appears also to be this species is in Herb. Brit. Mus.
labelled “ Java, Straits of Sunda J(oseph) B(anks).”

I cannot match this fig with anything yet described. It seems in some
points to be most nearly allied to F. Beccarii, but the fruits in this and its
allies are all borne on separate branches. The persistent and large stipules
are peculiar. The leaf, which is large, has just the texture and scabrid feel,
as well as the whitish dottings, of Conocephalus. The only figs seen contained
male flowers and gall flowers, some of which have, like the male flowers,
long stalks, while others are almost sessile.

URTICACES.

LaporTeEa ARMATA Warb, in Eng]. Bot. Jahrb. xiii. (1891) 293; Schum.
& Laut. 289.

Manokoeari, undergrowth in high forest, on “korang,” gregarious in
damp places, 500%. FIL, g 9. 6186.

Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.

These plants, with herbaceous slender stems, 1-2 m. high, very stinging
leaves, grey in colour, and green flowers, formed a colony in a small soak
area on the top of the forest ridge which rises behind Manokoeari. As
Warburg’s description only covers the ? plant, that of the ¢ is appended.
Inflorescence 2°5 em. long, branched, with peduncle 7 cm. long. Flowers
arranged in small sessile glomerules, 2 mm. across, on the secondary branches
of the rhachis, composed of more numerous flowers than the ?, which
are mostly single in my specimens. Perianth 4-partite, 1°5 mm. across,
with lanceolate-acute segments, 1°5 mm. in length, covered with a few scat-
tered white hairs.

FLEURYA RUDERALIS (Forst.) Gaud. Voy. Uranie, 497 ; Schum. & Laut.
291 ; Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit. i. (1876) 48; F. Muell. Pap. Pl.
41, 59.
Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, under trees by sea-shore. Fr. Jun.
6279.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Teysmann ; N.E.; S8.E.). Java, Marshall
and Solomon Islands, Ellice and Union Group ; Tahiti.
Herbaceous, with pink stems and white flowers.

210

PELLIONIA VANHASSELTI Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba decumbens, glaberrima; caulis simplex, plurisuleatus. Folia alterna
petiolata vel subsessilia, elliptico-lanceolata, basi uno latere subrotundata, altero
cuneata, apice in acumen longum acutissimum sensim attenuata, infra medium
integerrima, superne grosse inzqualiter obtuse-dentata, penninervia, fere equilatera
(basi excepta), viridia, carnosa, supra cystolithis linearibus haud densis, subtus palli-
diora, cystolithis minutis densissime obtecta. Flores feminei albidi, pedicellati,
laxiuscule glomerati. Perianthiwm 5-merum, persistens, segmentis apice leviter
retusis, longe aristatis, setis perianthio duplo longioribus. Staminodia 5, parva,
segmentis opposita, inflexa. Acheniwm compressum.

Hab. Manokoeari, epiphytic or terrestrial in high forest, 500’. Fr. Jan.
6168.

This plant, up to 5-4 dm. in height, more or less decumbent in habit,
was found growing massed on the dead prostrate trunk of a tree, and also
beneath on the ground. Leaves dark green when dried, fleshy when
growing, +18 cm. long, including the acumen +3 ecm. long, 4°5 mm. broad.
Flower fascicles 15-2 cm. across. Pedicels +3 mm. long. Perianth-
segments 2 mm. long, with mucro 3 mm. long. Staminodes +°5 mm. long,
when expanded +1 mm. long. Achene 1°5 mm. by 1 mm., light brown in
colour. :

Near P. nigrescens Warb., but differs in the deeply dentate leaves, with
fewer veins, drying dark green in colour.

This species is named in honour of Mr. R. F. J. van Hasselt, Chief
Missionary at Manokoeari, who, from long residence and perfect knowledge
of Papuan dialects, enjoys the confidence of these people, and to whom I
was much indebted for valuable information and help, most kindly given.

LoRANTHACER.

Lorantaus VerstTercu Laut. in Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 289.

Manokoeari, epiphyte on trees in clearings. Fl. Jan, 6175.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Noord River, Versteeg; Bian River,
Brandenhorst ; 8.E. Sogeri Region, Forbes (499, Herb. Mus. Brit.)).

A very distinct plant with many long hanging shoots, 2-3 m. in length,
bearing single, and sometimes binate, densely-Aowered racemes in the axils
of the leaves on the old wood, for about halfway down each shoot. The
flowers are red at the base and yellow-green from about the middle. Some
of the racemes are longer than in the type, and some shorter, and the flowers
are somewhat longer ; but these are no doubt variable features. In Forbes’s
plant the leaves are narrow, as in Brandenhorst’s 278 (Herb. Kew.), acute,

and decurrent at the base, with corollas 5 em. long, pubescent on the outer
surface.

211

PoRTULACACESR.

PortuLacca QuapriFIpa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 445; Hemsl. Chall. Exp. Bot.
122; Schum. & Laut. 309.
Island of Wakdé, in “campong,” creeping under trees. Fl. (yellow).
Jan. 6247,
Distrib, N.E. New Guinea and adjacent islands. Marshall and Solomon
Islands, Fiji and Vavau. Tropical Asia and Africa.

RosacE&z.

Rusus motuccanus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1197 ; Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit. i.
(1876) 23; Schum. & Laut. 339; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 367,
(1912) 647.

~ Manokveari, edge of forest. Fl., Fr. Jan. 6212.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Doré, Teysmann ; D.S.W., Noord River,
Versteeg ; Hellwig Mts., von Roemer; N.E. and adjacent islands). India,
~ Indo-China ; Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Amboina, Borneo, Philippines.
Berries red, sweet.

LEGUMINOSAE.

*ALBIZZIA MOLUCCANA Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. i. 26.

Manokoeari, edge of forest, on “ korang,” 100’. Fr. Jan. 5738.

Distrib. Moluceas.

A fine tree with white bole and spreading crown, pinnatisect leaves with
very small pinnules, and pendent white flowers, quite abundant on the edge
of the high forest behind Manokoeari. Only the old pods scattered on the
ground were collected, which, however, are very distinct, +14 dm. long
and 2 em. broad, with a small acumen and a membranous wing, broader on
the placental suture. The small seeds are very close together, under 1 cm.
apart. These characters, with the fine dissected leaves, are well shown in
Koorder’s 15643 (‘cultivated at Buitenzorg”) as may be seen in Herb.

Kew. ‘
ENTADA SCANDENS Benth. in Hook. Journ. iii. 332; Schum. & Laut. 346.
Manokoeari, track to Ambani, creeper in strand forest. Fl. (yellow).

Jan. 6191.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea and adjacent islands. Tropics of both hemi-

spheres.

Tamarinvus inpica L. Sp. PI. 34.
Manokoeari, Wousi, in “kebun.” Fl. Jan. 6217.

Distrib. Tropics of both hemispheres.

212

ALYSICARPUS NUMMULARIFOLIUS DOC. Prod. ii. 353; Schum. & Laut. 277.
Island of Sorong, creeping under trees by sea-shore. Fl. (red-brown).
Jan. 6285.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea. India, Indo-China; Malay Peninsula and
Andamans, Borneo, Philippines, N.E. and N.W. Australia, Fiji. Tropical
Africa and West Indies.

Derris vuLicINosa Benth. in Pl. Jungh. i. 252; Schum. & Lant. 360;
Valeton, Plant. pap. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néer]. no. x. (1902) 19 ;
Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 379.
Manokoeari, Langgén, in mangrove association. Fl. Jan. 6229.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay; D.S.W., Etna Bay,
Wichmann ; Gelieb, Brandenhorst; N.Fi. and adjacent islands). South
Asia to N. Australia and Polynesia.

Mucuna Krazrxer Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiii. (1891) 329 ; Schum.
& Laut. 365; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 381, (1912) 652.

Manokoeari, Wousi, over trees by sea-shore. Fl. Jan. 6231.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Alkmaar, on Noord River, Versteeg ;
N.E.).

A coast liane, with magnificent red flowers in huge interrupted in-
florescences,

In the absence of leaves and fruit, determination must be uncertain ; but
_ in the shape and size of calyx, approximate measurements, and form of floral
parts, with the number of ovules (5), my plant agrees with M. Kraetkei Warb.
Warburg does not describe the inflorescence, beyond stating that it occurs
often on the old wood; in that case bunches of shortish racemes, 5-17 dm.
long, spring irregularly from the old wood, which is lenticellose. When

the inflorescence is on young wood the recemes are long and single, as in
Versteeg’s 403 Herb. Kew.

LINACES.

-*DURANDEA PARVIFLORA Stapf in Hook. Icon. tab. 2822.

Manokoeari, Langgén, in open clearing. Fl. Jan. 6218.

Distrib. Solomon Islands.

A small tree with yellow flowers. The measurements of the flowers agree
with the above species ; also the size of the leaves and the inflorescence.

Meuraceaz. (C. pp CannoLe.)
AGLAIA Gippsiz ©. DC., sp. nov.

Ramulis adpresse et rufescente stellato-lepidotis; foliis sat longe petiolatis 3-
jugis, foliolo terminali sat longe petiolulato oblongo-obovato basi equilatera acuto
apice brevissime et obtuse acuminato, lateralibus oppositis modice petiolulatis
oblongo-ellipticis basi zquilatera acutis apice breviter et obtuse acuminatis, omnibus

213

supra glabris subtus ad nervos haud dense stellato-lepidotis ; panicula terminali
folium fere «quante paullo supra basin trifida, ramis pyramidato-ramulosis, ramulis
adpresse et rufescente stellato-lepidotis spicatim cymuligeris, eymulis bifloris,
floribus pedicellatis ; calice 5-sepalo, sepalis rotundato-ovatis subtus stellato-lepidotis
supra glabris, ciliatis; petalis 5 obovatis glabris eciliatis, tubo stamineo glabro
urceolato integro et margine antherifero, antheris 5 glabris subsessilibus ovatis,
horizontaliter inflexis, connectivo ultra thecas obtuse producto ; ovario parce stellato-
lepidoto, stigmate globoso.

Hab. Manokoeari, in forest on “ korang,” 300’. Fl. Jan. 6204.

Arbor. Folia alterna 36 cm. longa. Foliola in vivo obscure virescentia, in
sicco firmule membranacea et creberrime pellucido-punctulata, terminale 16 cm.
longum et usque ad 6 cm. latum, lateralia supera 15 cm. longa et 5:5 em. lata,
subsequentia gradatim paullo minora, nervi secundarii subrecti utrinque 10-12.
Panicule rami usque ad 13 em. longi. Pedicelli 1 mm. longi. Flores in vivo
albis. Sepala 0°5 mm. longa. Petala membranacea, 1°5 mm. longa et usque ad
1 mm. lata. Anthere 0°75 mm. longe.

Species A. Roemeri C. DC. proxima, foliolis paucioribus et a nervo centrali
zquilateris, sepalis subtus stellato-lepidotis, petalis obovatis ab illa discrepans.

MALPIGHIACESA.

TRISTELLATEIA AUSTRALASICA A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 38, t. 15; Scheffer
in Ann. Jard. Buit. i. (1875) 10; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. 36 ; Schum. &
Lavt. 387.
Manokoeari, Langgén, climber in mangrove association. FI. (yellow),
Fr. Jan. 6223.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Teysmann ; N.E. & S.E., and
adjacent islands). Singapore, Siam, Formosa, Malaya, Philippines; to
E. Australia and New Caledonia.

Ryssoprerys TIMORENSIS Bl. ex A. Juss. in Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 21, t. 350;
Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit.i, (1875) 10; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. 36 ;
Schum. & Laut. 387.

Manokoeari, tract to Ambani, 100’, clearings, scrambling in rampant

upgrowth. FI. (yellow)... Jan. 6200.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Sorong, Teysmann; N.E. & S.E., to
adjacent islands). Malaya to Philippines and tropical Australia.

EvrHorBiaceE&. (J. Hurcuiyson.)

Matcorus tittarotius (Bl.) Miill.-Arg. in Linnea, xxxiv. 190; Mig. in
Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 123 ; Schum. & Laut. 396.
Manokoeari, track to Ambani, tree in clearings and forest. Fl.,3. Dec.
6202.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Zippelius; N.E. and adjacent islands).

Malay Archipelago; Fiji.

214

MACARANGA RIPARIA Engl. in Bot. Jahrb. vii. (1886) 463 ; Schum. & Laut.
397 ; Nova Guinea, viii. (1910) 235, (1912) 789; Ridl. in Trans.
Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot. ix. (1916) 147.

Manokoeari, ridge behind “campong,? common in high forest on
“korane,” 300". Fl, 9. Jans 6177.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Doré, Teysmann; Humboldt Bay,
Gjellerup; D.S.W., Noord River, Versteeg, von Roemer; Utakwa River,
Kloss; N.E. and adjacent islands). Kei Islands.

“ A fine tree = 80 m. in height. Quite common.”

Excacarta Acauiocaa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1288; Schum. & Laut. 406 ; Nova
Guinea, viii. (1910) 241.
Manokoeari, Langgén, in mangrove association. Fl., Fr., 9. 6216.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Wichmann; D.S.W.,
Merauke, Brandenhorst ; N.E. and adjacent islands). Brit. India, Malaya,
Papuasia, Philippines, 8. China, E. Australia, and Polynesia.

CELASTRACES.

Evonymus savanicus Bl. Bijdr. 1146.

Manokoeari, 200’, high forest on “korang.” Fl. Jan. 6182.

Distrib. Indo-China, Timor, Philippines, Kei and Aru Islands, N.E.
Australia.

‘Tree, with greenish-white flowers.

SAPINDACEA.

ALLOPHYLLUS Copse Bl. Rumphia, iii. 131.

Manokoeari, 200’, creeper in clearings and on edge of forest. 1. (white),
Fr. Jan. 6203.

Distrib. India, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Java, Borneo,
Little Kei Islands, Philippines ; Samoa and Vavau.

TILIACES.

GREWIA AcuMINATA Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris, iv. (1804) 91, t. 48; of

Hochreutiner’s Cat. Bog. Nev. i. 47, in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buit. xix.
(1904) 46.

Dammar Island, on sea-shore. Fl., Fr. Jan. 6291.

Distrib. Philippines, Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula.

Shrub, with white flowers. This plant was found growing in a clump on
the edge of the beach, the forest having been cleared behind it. It agrees
well with the large series at Kew of the species included by Hochreutiner
with G. acuminata, though the leaves are larger than in the specimens seen.

215

FLACOURTIACES.

ERYTHROSPERMUM CANDIDA Bece. in litt.=Gestroa candida Becc. Malesia, i.
184,

Manokoeari, Langgén, land edge of mangrove association. Fl. Jan.
6224.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Ramoi, Beccari).

Tree with white flowers.

I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Beccari for a specimen of his
Gestroa candida, which proved identical with my plant. It also shows with
the above some flowers with undeveloped ovaries among the more numerous
% ones. Dr. Beccari wrote that he now considered the plant to be an
Erythrospermum, and on investigation I am myself inclined to the same
view.

BEGONIACES.

BrEGonta (PETERMANNIA) HUMBOLDTIANA Gibbs, sp. nov.

Herba glaberrima; caule erecto, ramosissimo. Folia petiolata, obovato-lanceolata,
basi valde inzequalia (uno latere cordato, altero cuneato), apice tenuiter anguste-
acuminata, grosse et regulariter inciso-serrata, chartacea, supra flavo-viridula, albido
punctulata, subtus dilute griseo-albida. Inflorescentia terminalis, quam folia
brevior. Flos ¢ sepalis 2, roseis, orbiculari-cordatis; filamentis basi connatis,
Flores Q petalis 5, inzequalibus; stylis 3, connatis, apice spiraliter bifurcatis.
Fructus 3-alatus, apice truncatus vel areuato-obtusus.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, in high forest by stream, 300-500'. Fl. ¢ 9, Fr.
Jan. 6253. :

A handsome plant, ‘75 m. high, growing abundantly in large clumps
along the banks of the stream. Leaves +12 cm. by 4°5 cm., sage-green in
colour, with 2-3 white spots in more or ess parallel lines between the lateral
veins, which are conspicuous, 4-5 on each side of the midrib. On the margin
the largest incisions vary from 1 em. in depth and 1:5 em. in breadth,
graduating insensibly to the extreme apex. Petiole 1 cm. long. Stipules
1°5 em. long, often unequal in size, caducous, transparently membranous in
texture, and produced into long fine hair-like points. g flower 6 mm. by
7mm. (immature). @ flowers arising singly, opposite the upper leaves, on
pedicels 1:5-1°8 cm. long, the flowers being 2 cm. long and 3 em. across ;
with unequal petals, of which the largest are 1:2 cm. by 6°7 mm. ; the three
styles are bifid, spreading, 5 mm. long. Fruit 1°1 em. long, 1:5 em. across,
with equal membranous wings, 4 mm. broad in the centre and 5 mm. broad
at the apex of the fruit. The fruits were affected by insects and swollen out
of shape in nearly all the plants seen.

This species is distinct in the very regular and finely graduated serrate
incisions of the leaves, with their parallel rows of white markings,

*

216

LYTHRACES.

PrMpPuis ACIDULA Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. 68, t. 34; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. 43-59;
Schum. & Laut. 460.
Wakdé Island, growing thickly on coral-reef on coast, where washed by
sea. Fl. (white), Fr. Jan. 6246.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E. & 8.E., and adjacent islands), Strand plant
distributed from Polynesia to E. Africa.
Shrub, prostrate, to 3 m, in height, where beyond the spray.

MeELASTOMACES. (KH. G. Baxen.)

OTANTHERA NOVO-GUINEENSIS Bak. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. ix.
(1916) 50.
Island of Roon, near the road round the Bay, growing in the open. F'l.,
Fr. Jan. 6238. .
Distrib. New Guinea (D.8.W., Utakwa, near to Mt. Carstensz, Kloss).
«Small shrub, with white flowers and red fruit.”

MEDINILLA RHODORHACHIS Bak. f., sp. nov.

Planta epiphytica, ramis 4-gonis vel levissime 4-alatis ad nodos barbatis ad
M. speciosam Blume accedens. Folia sessilia, opposita, oblonga vel elliptica, apice
breviter acuminata, basi cordata, 5-plinervia, costa subtus conspicua. Flores 4-meri
in paniculam dispositi. Panicule folio breviores. Pedicelli stricti. Bractee
parve. Oalycis tubus campanulatus limbo subtruncato. Petala alba staminibus
paullo longiora. Staminum connectivus postice breviter calcaratus, antice bical-
caratus. Fructus ignotus.

_ Hab. Schouten Islands, Wiak, Bosnik, epiphytic on strand tree.
Flowers white; rhachis pink. Fl. Dec. 6275.

Leaves (ex sice.) +2-3 dm. long and 7°5-13 cm. broad. Calyse +3°5 mm.
long. Petals +6 mm. long. Anthers 3-3:5 mm. long.

The distinguishing features of this epiphyte are the oblong or diisecal,
acuminate, 5-plinerved, sessile leaves, the panicle of small, white, 4-merous

flowers, the calyx being +3°5 mm. long. The anthers are ‘shortly spurred
anteriorly and posteriorly:

ARALIACES.
POLYSCIAS SORONGENSIS Gibbs, sp. nov.

Frutex parvus, glaberrimus. Folia pedicellata, stipulata, imparipinnata, 5-6-
juga, rhachis cylindrica, longitudinaliter striata; foliola opposita, graciliter pedicel-
lata, obovato-lanceolata vel oblonga, acuta, basi obliqua rotundata, apice sensim
acuminata, subintegerrima tenuiter membranacea. Panicula pedunculata nunc
bipedata, racemuli umbellati pedunculi secundarii verticellati vel oppositi. Flores
parvi, breviter pedicellati, pedicelli sub flores articulati, apice in calyculum minimum
expansi. Calyx repando-5-dentatus. Petala 5, apice leviter coherentia. Stamina 5,

217

filamentis brevibus. Discus planus. Styli 2 distincti, elongati. Ovarium biloculare.
Fructus ignotus.

Hab. Island of Sorong, under strand trees. Fl. Feb. 6287,

A small shrub +2m. high. The petioles of the leaves are 1:2 dm. in
length, with adnate stipules 1°7 cm. long. The dried leaves are light green
in colour, the largest being 4°8 dm. by 3°1 dm. ; the largest foliole is 1:7 dm.
by 5 cm. ; the margins can hardly be described as serrate, but show subulate
teeth, +1 mm. long and 1°2 cm, apart; petiolules +1°3 em. long. The
inflorescence is umbellate-racemose, + 5°1 dm. by 4 dm., including peduncle
2°5 dm. long, which is subtended by 2 bracts; the secondary peduncles arise
in the axils of 2 bracts, and bear pairs of bracts up the axis, which bear single
flowers or small lateral umbels, or may dichotomise, bearing 2-4 umbels;
the umbels show an involucre of minute bracts and are +1 em. across. The
flowers are green, on pedicels 2 mm. long; petals broad at the base and
thickened at the apex, 2°5 mm. long ; anthers oblong, almost sessile, 2 mm.
long ; styles 1:2 mm. long ; ovary 15 mm. long.

MYRSINACES.

Masa racemosa (K. Sch.) ; Mez in Pflanzenreich, iv. 236, Myrsin. (1902)
43; Schum. & Laut. 492.
Island of Wakdé, on beach. FI., Fr. Jan. 6243.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea.
Shrub or epiphyte, with white flowers and berries.

AMgicERAS FLORIDUM Roem. et Schult. Syst. iv. (1819) 512; A. Rich. Voy.
Astrol. ii. 57, t. 21; Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit. i. (1876) 33.
Manokoeari, Langgén, mangrove association, on sea-edge. F., Fr.

Jan. 6228.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Jobi Island, Barclay ; Gedé Island, Doré

Bay, Teysmann). Kei Islands, Amboina, Sumbawa, Philippines.
Small compact shrub with white flowers. .

ASCLEPIADACES.

Sarcotosus rETusus K. Sch. Fi. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 109 3; Schum. & Laut.
509; Valeton in Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. no. x. (1907) 49.
Manokoeari, Langgén, twiner in mangrove association. Fl. Jan.
6220.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Wichmann; N.E.).

Ternate, Timor. é at
Creeper on trees and on ground. Yellow-green flowers with ciliate

petals. Schumann notes that this plant is very poisonous.

218

ConvoLtvuLacem. (A. B. RENDLE.)

Ipom@a DENTICULATA Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, vi. (1833) 447.
Island of Sorong, creeping under trees by beach, covering ground and
plants. Fl. (purple), Fr. Jan. 5740.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea and adjacent islands. Seychelles to Polynesia
and Australia.

BoRAGINACES.

ToURNEFORTIA ARGENTEA L. f. Suppl. 133; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. 59;
Schum. & Laut. 519.
Wakdé Island, a small tree along the sea-shore. Fl., Fr. Jan. 6242.
Distrib. New Guinea (N.E.; 8.E. and adjacent islands). Tropical
Australia, Polynesia, Malaya and India to Mascarene Islands.
Small tree 10 m. high, leaves silvery from white pubescence, with white
flowers and green fruit.

VERBENACEA,

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA Schauer in DC. Prod. xi. 643; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
ii. (1856) 889 ; Scheffer in Ann. Jard. Buit. i. (1876) 41.

Manokoeari, track to Ambani, common on the “ee of forest and in
clearings, 200’. Fl. Fr. Jan. 6205.

Distrib. New Gass: (D.N.W., Lesson; Mansinam Island, Doré Bay,
Teysmann). Philippines.

This plant is distinguished from C. cana L. by the large, more lanceolate,
irregularly serrate leaves, with very white pubescence underneath, and white
flowers with longer exserted stamens. C. repanda K. Sch. & Warb. is
possibly a synonym of this plant.

Premna nitipa K. Sch. Fl. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 120; Schum. & Laut. 523.
Manokoeari, common in clearings and round foot-hills. Fl., Fr. 6163.
Distrib. N.E. New Guinea. ;
A tree with white flowers and black fruit. Also seen along the beach to

Wariap.

CLERODENDRON LINDAWIANUM Laut. in Schum. & Laut. Nachtr. Fl. d.

Schutzgeb. Siidsee, 372.
Var. GLABRIOR Gibbs. Tota planta manifeste glabrior.
Humboldt Bay, in high forest on range above river, 400’, Fl., Fr.

Jan. 6264.

Distrib. (of type). New Guinea (D.S.W., Mt. Carstensz, Kloss ; N.E. ;

S.E. [ Forbes, Sogeri region, Brit. Mus.]).

A small tree with conspicuous white flowers and black fruit.
I cannot separate this plant from Lauterbach’s species, which is evidently |
very widely distributed. In my specimen the leaves are glabrous, with the

219

exception of the veins, which are pubescent on both surfaces ; the tomentum
on peduncles, pedicels and calyx is also much reduced.

Virex triroria L. f. Suppl. 293; F. Muell. Pap. Pl. 86; Schum. &
Laut, 524; Valeton in Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. no. x. (1907)
51.
Dammar Island, on seashore. FI., Fr. 6290.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S.W., Merauke, Koch ; N.E. ; S.E.and adjacent
islands). South Asia through Malaya and Japan, and through New Guinea
to New Caledonia.

ACANTHACESR. (8S. Moore.)

HEMIGRAPHIS REPTANS T. And. ex Hemsl. Bot. Voy. ‘Challenger, i. iii. 173 ;
Schum. & Laut. 543 ; Valeton in Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. no. x.
(1907) 58.

Manokoeari, common undergrowth in forest, up to 500’. Fl, Fr. Jan.
6160.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Tobadi, Wichmann; N.E. and adjacent
islands). Aru Islands, Amboina, Philippines; New Hebrides and New
Caledonia.

Small creeping plant with white flowers and glossy fleshy leaves. Also
seen on the lower foot-hills of the Arfak range near Wariap.

HeEMIGRAPHIS DORENSIS 8. Moore, sp. nov.
Erecta, circa 25 cm. alt. Caule sparsim ramoso glabrescente. Ramis pauci-

foliatis puberulis. Foliis petiolatis oblongo- vel ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, basi
obliquis obtusisque vel rotundatis, margine dentatis vel dentato-crenatis, nonnun-
quam fere integris supra pilis brevibus strigillosis appressis inspersis subtus in nervis
puberulis. Spicis abbreviatis paucifloris, subsessilibus pedunculatisve. Bracteis
oblanceolatis obtusis ciliatis. Calycis bracteas subequantis segmentis juxta basin
solummodo connatis linearibus acutis ciliatis. Corolla calyce duplo longiore extus
glabra hujus tubo superne amplificato lobis posticis quam antici plane latioribus.
Filamentis inclusis glabris. Ovario oblongo, apice pilosulo. Stylo inferne pilosulo.
Ovulis pro loculo 6.

Hab. Track to Ambani in “ korang ” forest, 300’. FI. 6189.

Leaves 2°5~8 em. long, 1°5-3 cm. broad, membranaceous, on lower side
pale. Petioles 5-22 mm. long, slightly pilose. Spikes up to 2 cm. long,
without counting the filiform peduncle of equal length. Bracts +8 mm.
long. Calyx 9 mm. long. Corolla white, 14 mm. long ; tube in the lower
part 1:25~2 mm., at the throat 5 mm. wide; front lobes obovate, 5 mm. broad ;
hind lobes rotundate, 6°5 mm. broad. Filaments—longer 3°5 mm. long,
shorter barely 1 mm.; anthers 1°5 mm. long. Staminodium 0. Ovary
3mm. long. Style 10 mm., stigma front lobe 2°5 mm. long.

This is nearest to H. caudigera S. Moore, which has larger caudate leaves,

longer bracts, &e. :

220

*AsysTASIA INTRUSA Bl. Bijdr. 796.

Sorong Island, under trees by beach. FI. Jan. 6286.

Distrib. Aru Islands, Little Kei Islands, Timor Laut, Java, and Malay
Peninsula.

25-50 m. high, with reddish-brown pink flowers.

*PERISTROPHE JALAPPEFOLIA Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 494.

Manokoeari, near Genbela, common undergrowth in secondary strand
forest. FL, Fr. Jan. 6216.—Manokoeari, in high forest, common under-
growth on “korang,” 200-500’. 6161.

Distrib. Java.

Herbaceous plant, °50 m. high, with white flowers. Also seen on the
foot-hills of the Arfak range.

RvuBiacesx. (TH. VALETON.)

BIKKIA GRANDIFLORA Reinw., var. TENUIFLORA Val., var. nov.

Folia petiolata, elliptica, obtusa, basi acuta vel cuneata, tenuiter coriacea, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circa 5 tenuibus haud prominentibus. Peduneculi medio cupu-
latim bracteolati. Calycis lobi ensiformes acuti, calycem cylindricum exquantes.
Corolle tubus elongatus strictus, tenuis, versus limbum sensim ampliatus. Corolle
lobi trigoni, basi dilatati, longiores:quam lati. Capsula cylindrica, lineis elevatis
8 pertensa, calycis lobis accrescentibus coronata.

Leaves 135 mm. long, 60 mm. broad. Petiole 15-20 mm. long. Calyx-
lobes 15 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. Corolla-tube 17 mm. long, base 3 mm.,
apex 7 mm. broad. Corolla 105 mm. long ; lobes 20 mm. long, base 14 mm.
broad.

Island of Wakdé, shrub, 8 m. high, growing in masses behind the coral
rocks of seashore. Fl. (white, sweet-scented). Jan. 6245.

Distrib. (of the species). Moluccas (type-specimen of Reinw. in Herb.
Lugd.-Bat.), Kei Islands, Aru Islands, 8.W. New Guinea, Palau Islands,
Tahiti. ie

The species is characterized by the large, sword-like, curved calyx-lobes
and the triangular acute corolla-lobes, which are longer than broad. The
variety differs from the type in the very narrow corolla-tube.

OPHIORRHIZA INSULARIS Val., sp. nov.

Herba sublignosa, tomentosa puberula, in sieco fusca, caules incano-puberuli,
glabrescentes. Stipule abortive vel califormis et pubere seca tricula nulla. Folia
petiolata, vulgo xqualia, summa interdum valde disparia, elliptica vel obovata vel
ovato-elliptica, apice obtusa vel obtusissima vel rotundata, basi cuneato-acuminata
ad longe in petiolum producta, membranacea, in sicco visca, supra dense punctulato-
scabrida, subtus parce tomentosa, nervi laterales utrinque 9-12, vene laxe obscure
reticulate. Inflorescentia pedunculata folius multo brevior, incano-puberula semel
vel bis dichotoma vel subtrichotoma, ramis elongatis multifloris secundifloris.

221

Flores brevi pedicellati. Calyx 5-lobus, lobis dentiformibus parvis. Corolla apice
5-cristata, crista brevi rotundata; tubus brevis latus fauce dense hirsuto lobi tubo
equilongi. Ovarium dense tomentosum. Stylus glaber. Capsule ad ramos secund»,
breviter pedicellate, scaberule.

Leaves 75-100 mm. long or shorter, 40-45 mm. broad. Petiole 15 mm.
long. Peduncle 10-20 mm. long. Fruiting-branches 5°5 cm. long.

Hab. Schouten Islands, Bosnik, Wiak, under strand trees on “ korang.”
Small plant +2 dm. high. Fl. (white), Fr. Jan. 6284. ‘

Collected also by Gjellerup in 1911.

GEOPHILA RENIFORMIS Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 ; Schum. & Laut. 584 ;
Nova Guinea, viii. (1911) 485; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Bot.
ix. (1916) 77.
Manokoeari, common creeping undergrowth in forest. Fl., Fr. 6181.
Distrib. New Guinea (D.S8.W., Etna Bay, Koch; Utakwa River, Kloss ;
N.E. & S.E. and adjacent islands). Cosmopolitan in Tropics.

AMARACARPUS WICHMANNI Val., sp. nov. (A. cuneifolius Val., var., in Nova
Guinea, viii. (1912) 769 et (1911) 502, p. p.)

Fruticulus ramis bilateralibus, horizontaliter expansis, ramulis haud regulariter
pinnatis, potius quasi dichotomis. Rami abbreviati, secus ramulos oppositi et alterni ;
omnes grosse rufo-villosi. Stipule minute, ovate, longe 2-aristate, rufo-hirsute.
Folia subsessilia, obovato-cuneata, acuta vel obtusa, basi crasse membranacea,
siecando supra glaucescentia, subtus fusca, glabra, costa media prope basin cum
petiolo pulverulento-villosula, nervi laterales utrinque 4 cum costa prominuli, ante
marginem arcuatim conjuncti. F/ores in apice ramorum abbreviatorum sessiles,
nunc 3 glomerati, bracteis et stipulis setaceis suffulti. Calyx cum ovario glabro,
campaniformis, lobis 4 ovatis, acutis, recurvis, ciliatis. Corolla breviter tubulosa,
limbo subpatulo, tubo circa wxquilongo, lobis oblongis crassis, tubus circa antheras
fauce sessiles barbatus. Stylus corolle xquilongus. -Drupa calyce parvo coronata,
pyrene semiobovoidez, ventre plano, dorso profunde 8-4 sulew tricostate.—Ramuli
nune 50-300 mm. longi, brachyblastis 10-25 mm. longis dense obsessi. Folia secus
ramos subpersistentia, in apice ramorum abbreviatorum sepe 4-verticillata, 8-20 mm.
longa, 6-9 mm. lata. Flores 7 mm. longi; corolla 4°5 mm. longa. Drupe 3-5 mm.
longe, pyrene 2:5 mm. late.

Hab. Manokoeari, common undershrub in forest. Fl., Fr. Jan. 6185.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Wichmann).

“ Shrub, 1-1:50 m. Branches dorsiventral, symmetrical; white flowers.

Also abundant at Warén up to the foot-hills of the Arfak.”

MyrMecopia PULVINATA Becc. Malesia, ii. 103.

Manokoeari, epiphytic in high forest, 300’. Fl. (white)., Fr. (red).
Jan. 6197.

Distrib. New Guinea (D.N.W., Andai, Beccari).

bo
bo
bo

CUCURBITACES.

ZANONIA MACROCARPA (BI.) Cogn. in Bull. Herb. Bois. i, 612 ; Schum. &
Laut. 589.

Manokoeari, liane, everywhere in forest. Fr. Jan. 5746.

Distrib. New Guinea (N.E. and §.E.). Java, Borneo.

The most conspicuous plant seen along the coast in the lower forest. It
obliterates whole trees with dense walls of verdure, while the huge fallen
fruits, rotting on the ground, are the most striking objects in the forest.
The seeds, with transparent wings about 10 cm. across, often fill the air,
lazily borne on the breeze, like great butterflies, for which, indeed, I took
them at first in the distance.

GOODENIACEA.

ScavVoLA Novo-GUINEENSIS K. Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. ix. (1887) 222;
Schum. & Laut. 594; Nova Guinea, viii. (1912) 693.
Manokoeari, common scrambler on edge of forest, clearings, and young
jungle. Fil. (yellow), Fr. Jan. 6199.
Distrib, New Guinea (D.N.W., Humboldt Bay, Gjellerup ; N.E.).
Apparently flowers all the year round.

Composit#. (S. Moore.)

Wepetta Birtora DC. in Wight, Contrib. 18 ; Schum. & Laut. 600 ; Nova
Guinea, viii. (1910) 337.
Manokoeari, Genbela, common everywhere in open clearings and on
beaeh. FIL, Fr. Jan. 6201.
_ Distrib. New Guinea (D.8S.W., Noord River, Biwak Island, Versteeg,
von Roemer ; N.E. and adjacent islands). Common strand plant in the
Tropics.

fob]

Fig. 7.

223

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLatE nH

. Araucaria Beccarii with Pteridium aquifolium in foreground ; vicinity of 9 lake.
- Rafts made of three palm-trunks tied together, used by the Alfueros on both the

Angi lakes,

PLATE 2.

. Vegetation of marsh by 2 lake, looking S.W.; Koebré Mt. in the background.

Baeckea frutescens <-.

. Vegetation of forest by 2 lake, looking N.W.; Koebré in background. Myrmedoma

arfakiana on extreme branches of tree <, with Phyllocladus hypophyllus and
Libocedrus arfakensis —> .

Puatz 3.

. Araucaria Beccarti <—, with Podocarpus papuanus and Polyscias sp. in centre ;

Pteridium aquilinum in foreground ; vegetation of forest by 2 lake. .

. Vegetation of Koebré ridge, showing Myrmedoma arfakiana, 1°50 m. high, flower-

ing <- , with tuber cut in longitudinal section ~.

| Photographs are reproduced by kind permission of Mr, A. E. Pratt.]

PLATE 4,
Thysanosoria dimorphophyila Gepp. Apical portion of plant, 5 nat. size.

INDEX OF NATURAL ORDERS, NEW GENERA

AND NEW

SPECIES.

When more than one reference is given, the page on which the description

occurs is indicated by thickened numerals.

Acanthacer, 219.

Acronychia arfakensis Gibbs, 33, 144.

papuana Gibbs 29, 33, 144,

Agaricacee, 64,

Aglaia Gibbsie C. DC., 50, 212.

Alsophila angiensis Gepp, 32, 69.

arfakensis Gepp, 28, 70.

—— straminea Gepp, 56, 192.

Amaracarpus Wichmanni Val. 17, 51,
221,

Anomopanax arfakensis Gibbs, 30, 163.

Anthoceros bullato-spongiosus Gepp, 54,
191

Apocynacer, 177.

Araces, 201.

Araliaceze, 159, 216.

Asclepiadaceze, 217,

Auriculariaceze, 186,

Racillariex, 60.

Backhousia arfakensis Gibbs, 28, 34, 153.
Balsaminacee, 145,

Begonia humboldtiana Gibbs, 56, 215.
Begoniacez, 149, 215.

Bignoniacez, 179.

Boraginacez, 218,

Bulbophyllum arfakense J. J. S., 31, 122.
—— birugatum J. J. S., 31, 123.

—— ovalitepalum J, J. S., 31, 124.
Burmanniacex, 103.

Calamus arfakianus Becc., 28, 32, 95.
—— humboldtianus Becc., 55, 93,
Prattianus Becv., 97.
Campanulacee, 183.

Casuarinaces, 207.

Celastraceze, 214.

Centrolepidacee, 99,

Centrolepis novo-guineensis Gibbs, 36, 38,
99.

kinabaluensis Gibbs, 99.

Ceratostylis angiensis J, J. S., 31, 116.

Chlorophycee, 61.

Cladium arfakense Rend., 36, 90.

Clavaria Gibbsiz Ramsb., 51, 187.

Clavariacez, 187.

Coleus Gibbsiz S. Moore, 36, 37, 178.

Commelinaces, 202.

Composite, 183, 222,

Convolvulacee, 218.

Corsia arfakensis Gibbs, 25, 104.

Corsiaces, 103.

Cucurbitacex, 222,

Cunoniaceer, 142,

Cyathea arfakensis Gepp, 28, 69.

Cycadacez, 197.

Cylindrophora epitricha Ramsé., 190.

Cyperacez, 89, 200.

Dacrydium novo-guineense Gibbs, 28, 30,
32, 38, 78.

Dacryomycetaces, 187.

Dendrobium curvimentum J. J. S., 33, 117.

—— inconspicuum J. J. S., 56, 205.

— latifrons J. J. 8., 36, 118.

—— papuanum J, J. S., 32, 120.

—— parvifolium J. J. 8., 121.

—— trifolium J. J. S., 32, 119.

Didiscus arfakensis Gibds, 35, 166,

—— koebrensis Gibds, 38, 165.

Se ee en ee

INDEX. 225

Dilleniaces, 148.

Diplycosia Liliane J. J. S., 28, 34, 35, 38,
170,

Draceena novo-guineensis Gibbs, 51, 203,

Drimys arfakensis Gibbs, 28, 135.

Beccariana Gibbs, 34, 133.

Dryopteris villosipes Gepp, 33, 70.

Elocarpacex, 146.

Elezocarpus koebrensis Gibbs, 34, 146.
Epacridacee, 167.

Ericacez, 168.

Eriocaulacez, 100.

Euphorbiacez, 145, 213.

Fagacese, 128.

Ficus conocephalifolia Ridl., 56, 208.
Flacourtiacez, 215,

Flagellariaceze, 202.
Freycinetia flaviceps Rend., 27, 28, 87.
Gibbsexe Rend., 27, 28, 31, 88.

Gentianacee, 177.

Gesneriacez, 180.

Gibbsia Rend., 129.

carstenzensis Rend., 130.

insignis Rend., 33, 130, 131.

Gigantochloa novo-guineensis Rend., 52,
‘55, 199.

Glomera angiensis J. J. &., 31, 115.

Gibbsie J. J. S., 38, 114.

similis J. J. S., 31, 33, 113.

Goodeniacee, 183, 222.

Goodyera arfakensis J. J. S., 30, 108,

Graminee, 89, 199.

' Guepinia conferta Ramsb., 187.

Guttifere, 149.

Halorrhagacez, 159.
Halorrhagis suffruticosa Gibbs, 29, 35, 36,
37, 159. 7
Hemigraphis dorensis S. Moore, 54, 219.
Henslowia crassifolia Gibbs, 33, 132.
Hibbertia novo-guineensis Gibbs, 38, 148.
Homalanthus arfakiensis Hutch., 33, 145.
Hymenophyllum cernuum Gepp, 68, 69.
— cincinnatum Gepp, 28, 29, 68.
Hypocreacezx, 63.
Hypolepis grandifrons Gepp, 55, 195,

Idenburgia Gibbs, 136.

Idenburgia arfakensis Gibbs, 29, 34, 139.
novo-guineensis Gibbs, 34, 137,
Iridacex, 101,

Jambosa arfakensis Gibjs, 29, 153.
Juncaceze, 100.

Kentia Gibbsiana Becc., 24, 30, 32, 91.
Kissodendron bipinnatum Gibbs, 30, 161.

Labiate, 178.

Lactuca prolixa 8. Moore, 32, 184,

Leguminose, 148, 211.

Lentibulariacez, 180.

Leptothyrella sericolese Ramsb., 64, 148.

Libocedrus arfakensis Gibbs, 24, 28, 29, 33,
84,

Liliaces, 100, 202.

Linacesw, 212.

Liparis Gibbsie J. J. 8, 31, 112.

lacus J. J. S., 30, 111.

Lobelia arfakensis Gibbs, 28, 183.

Loranthaceex, 210,

Lucinea reticulata Val., 31, 180,

Lycoperdaceex, 190.

Lyonsia albiflora Gibbs, 28, 31, 177.

Lythracee, 216,

Mesa fruticosa Gibbs, 30, 174.
Magnoliacee, 133.

Malpighiacee, 213.

Medinilla arfakensis Bak. f., 26, 33, 158. -
rhodorhachis Bak. f., 56, 216.
Melastomacee, 157, 216.

Meliacezx, 212.

Metrosideros arfakensis Gibbs, 29, 154,
Microstylis Gibbsiz J. J. S., 51, 204.
—— grandiflora J. J. S., 33, 110.
preducta J. J. &., 30, 109,
Monimiacee, 135.

Moracee, 208.

Myrsinacee, 174, 217.

Myrtacee, 150.

Myrtus arfakensis Gibds, 29, 35, 152.
—— koebrensis Gibbs, 34, 35, 152.
—— prostrata Gibbs, 38, 144, 151.
Myxophycee, 59.

Nepenthacee, 141.

Octarrhena cylindrica J. J. S., 28, 126.

226

Oldenlandia nutans Val., 35, 36, 37, 180.
Omphalia.arfakensis Ramsé., 64.
Ophiorrhiza insularis Val., 56, 220.
Orchidaceze, 105, 203. ;

Palme, 91, 200.

Palmervandenbrvekia Gibbs, 162,
papuana Gibbs, 29,162.
Pandanacee, 88, 197.

Pandanus Tabbersianus Rend., 52, 198.
Patersonia novo-guineensis Gibbs, 38, 101.
Pellionia Vanhasseltii Gibbs, 51, 210.
Phalloidacese, 188.

Phreatia spathulata J. J. S., 28, 126.
Pilocratera novo-guineensis Ramsb., 185.
Pinacee, 82.

Piper arfakianum C. DC., 28, 127.

—— bipunctatum A. DC., 56,207. '
bosnicanum C. DC., 56, 207.
pilosulinodum C. DC., 33, 128.
Piperacez, 127, 207.

Pipturus papuanus Gibbs, 33, 128.
Pogonanthera hexamera Bak. f., 34, 158.
Poikilogyne Bak. f., 157.

—— arfakensis Bak. f., 29, 37, 157.
Polybotrya arfakensis Gepp, 27, 71.
Polygonacex, 133, :
Polyporaceze, 64, 186.

Polyscias sorongensis Gibbs, 216.

Poria Gibbsize Ramsb., 186.
Portulacaces, 211.

Psychotria vaccinioides Val., 34, 38, 181.
Pteris bambusoides Gepp, 18, 195.
Pullea papuana Gibbs, 29, 41, 141,

Rhododendron Gibbsie J. J. S., 36, 169.
undulaticalyx J. J. S., 37, 168.
Riedelia exalata Val., 38, 102.

Rosacew, 143, 211.

Rubiacezx, 180, 220.

Rutacez, 143,

Santalacee, 132.
Sapindacee, 145, 214.

INDEX.

Sareosoma novo-guineensis Ramsb., 186,

190.
Saxifragaceze, 141.
Schismatoglottis dorensis Gibbs, 51, 201.
Sericolea arfakensis Gibbs, 32, 64, 148.
novo-guineensis Gibbs, 34, 38, 147.
Shefflera angiensis Gibds, 31, 160.
arfakensis Gibbs, 30, 33, 159.
Solanacez, 177.
Solanum Gibbsize J. R. Drum., 32, 177.
Spheropsidee, 64. _
Spireanthemum bullatum Gibbs, 28, 29,
142.
Symbegonia arfakensis Gibbs, 32, 149.
parvifolia Gibbs, 33, 150.
Symplocacez, 175.
Symplocos arfakensis Gibbs, 30, 31, 175.
novo-guineensis Gibbs, 30, 176.

Taxacee, 78.

Tecomanthe volubilis Gibbs, 31, 34, 179.
Terminthodia rotundifolia Rid/., 38, 143.
Thysanosuria, Gepp, 193.

dimorphophylla Gepp, 51, 193,
Tiliacew, 214.

Trimenia arfakensis Gibbs, 29, 31, 41, 136.
Trimeniaceze Gibds, 135.

Umbelliferse, 165.
Urticacez, 128, 209.

Vaccinium ligustrifolium J. J. S., 174.
pilosiflorum J. J. S., 28, 34, 35, 172.
roseiflorum J. J. S., 30, 173.
villosiflorum J. J. S., 38, 171.
Verbenaceex, 218,

Violaceze, 149.

Xerotus cinnamomeus Ramsb., 64.
Xylariacee, 63.
Xyridacezx, 100.

Zingiberacew, 102.

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