30th Congas 1st § ~ + x wi ae ; 7, # INpEUDING pat Oe Tse Mw Sg SS, rs eae a ~—< : it « (ae _ ome ee '- President of the Senate. 2 of the Senate of the * > a *. é = a ee 2 a } i a oe “€. au ® eo. a ss FS = + bee a Fas, ‘ +, * 3 E = A ae I ey * . Pos 4 - * War Department, ‘ Washington, “December 15, 1847. Srr: In Domiplifice with a resolut of the Senate of the 9 instant, requiring the Secretary War to communicate to th Senate “a copy of notes of a pinvary ngconppisagsive of the route e from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, Jalifornia, i by Lieutenant William i. Emory, of the topographic engineers, with a map of the Bere route and of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and ~ ‘_ Gila rivers; the report of Colonel P. St. George Cook’s route to California, after diverging from the track’ of General — Meaty, I have the honor to submit herewith a report from the of the corps of topogeabical engineers, with the copies re- ie | ‘ie ed bythe resolution a Sheed s respectfully, your obedient servant, Ww. L. RC¥y@ Secretary ae Worn Helio. M. Datu ea -Buneav © OF ToroenaPmreas ENGINEERS, © “ ae € Washington, December 15, 1847, ee : Ss, a a Sra: In obedience to your ordert I have the’ rT to submit t th report of First Lieutenant Emory, corps ee ical enginee of his reconnoissance 01 the te from Fort Leavenworth, Minenat, to San Di oes n California pros a reply to a resolution followed by Generah Ke , from the “valley of the “ Del Norte?” {o a point on the ‘ Gila,” | Lig tenant Emory’s map, sent with his report, and founded, as t will show, upon numerous: carefu! and well digested sate pienteol observations, is the origi- nal. We have not had time to make a copy. I hope, therefore, whi the origma will be returned to the archieves of this office, to ich ‘it belongs, — A copy willbe made in'time for the, engraver. — This nme Se also afford oppepnnity to revise the map. (There also danger, if the original goes into the hands of the artist, that it will be defaced and paseusls injured. The numerous sketches and dr wings referred to in a baat) s re- port are retained in the o = Senate. @These are slag origins “ r . 7 ‘ . * nd pi. INSTRUGTIONS, AND EXPLANATORY REMARKS, — | | - , - ‘ ; Wasutneron, September 1, 1847. To Col. J J. ABE Chief of the Cotes of Topographical Engineers: Srr: The following order was received by me June 5th, 1846: a aa Ae Bureau or TopoGRAPHICAL Exomeeaty 7 Washington, June 5, 1846. Sir: You will repair, without delay, to Fort Leavenworth, and report yourself and party to Colonel Kenepes Ist dragoons, as s field _ and tepperaptica engineers of his. comma In addition to JOM ea self, party will consist of— aie % First Lieutenant Warner, now at esate oat Second Lieutenant Abert, — a Bi 6 a ySecon ee Peck. i Sia fete, bg ee See Te ecifullyy fitny CaPOn espectfu Hi sir, you bs 7 SIE, | ERT, . ~ Colonel Topographical Engine To. Lieut. W. H. _Emorx #2 ofl ine. % 3 Mi nticipaikig that the ronge of Colonel Kearny’s S command be through unexplor eal regions, your suggestions required, t all cases where ot interfere sooth other and more military demands of t e service, the sae of myself, ers rs to duty with me, s ould be emplo I which would _— the government some idea uae Banded ay “Colpnel Kearny, to wha we ares of the West,” to march from For how aR Oe Re RE RT ee ae SC Be Ee eS ine Tee ee we em + SS - ey Oh < - £ . 7.8 . >. < Cae. eo Oe ; ¥ take Ars ee Ut SS : wits Washington to collect the instruments and. other conveniences for such*an expedition. This was quite sufficient for all the objects © _ appertaining directly to our military wants, but insufficient for the erganization and outfit of a party intended for exploration. . In submitting the following notes, they should be received as observa-~ tions made at intervals snatched from other duties, and with an ex- pedition whose movements were directed by other conpierstions than those -which would influence the views and conveniences of an explorer. we re + Sel; of ae =e -t ° =] ° B oO ot om es? ° = et te oO ié 7] i) ce) a ia) =, rs Oo = @ bn] nD gi ER ) 2. 4°) =) > oe ° z © ey < ia*) ® hee = ~” a?) a “we ila river, some irregularity in the rates is dis- y ach camp 83, October 26th, on the Gila river. t (camp 83) to San Diego, on the Pacific, the rates rm. Assuming Captain Belcher’s determination of that 48m. 448., west from Greenwich, and carrying my longi- ack, they compare well with the longitudes derived from the easurements of lunar distances made at different points on distances. e between the camps of October 9th and October 26th, . ee eee ee ae $ are = a ee . hd dak points, where the observations are multiplied, oe «my bed ended por to the nearest five seconds. Of local time. : “The local time was, in all cases, ae by altitudes .. the Fremreginn podies*on different sides of th re ge _ The astror aan observations, umber, were computed, i in the t place, by ga and Mr. Boron, and subsequently by. hs Sievtosies 5 Cc. Hubbar . The results, as given in the appendix, the final com sateen of Professor Hubbard, whose well-earned ’ utation as a computer entitle: his work to entiré confidence, ake These observations establish the geographical position of 52 points, é extending from Fort Leayenworth to. the Pacific, most of which lig, in ree pe besondadid ebérmaned. bs’. Heights above the s. sea. At Fort Lede worth, through the Hberalitg of the medical de: rtment, I w nished with a syphon barometer, b ie B o. 515, ‘th comparison” of w ich, with the standard at 1 given in th hess bj oined note. eri * = servatoire.—Co omparaison du barométre a Syphon, No. 55 ‘de= Bunten, avec le barometre de Pobservatoire. ag ; eine) Sek aoe Ge 1843 _ Le barometie’ Nad 515, cdbune ‘des “hauteurs plus mec celles qui sont indiquées par le barométre de Pobservatoite, la die ferengy est de 0.45 centiémes de millimétre. se On 515... wee eee eee we eeee erway” te aa. aay a eves ees ists ey ; a | Difforence.-seesers- Spee a? ARS oa SARE =e is eee ‘eRe ope ty el ae re fee L’observatoire. : res se =o 758.20 +0.40 761.50 . -+0.50 762.14 — +0.56_ - q 738.06 | 40.44 | ates, as far as Seika Fé, is a series of observations made at Fort Leavenworth, with the same instrument, running through two, years; and the height of the hospital at Fort Leavenworth above the sea assumed at 912 feet. From Santa Fé, down the Del Norte, and thence west as far as camp 83, of October 26th, the basis of comparison is the series of © ye observations, running through two months, at Santa @. ‘ é From the camp of October 26th, on the Gila, the Basie of com- arison isthe mean of the observations made at "San: ‘Diego, on the - acific, near the level of the sea. The barometer was left on the Pacific, under the charge of Lieutenant Warner, topographical en- gineers; and the further observations made with it on that coast - will afford, at some future time, data upon which to reconsider the results now given, particularly those in the last section, In the _ absence of corresponding observations, the object has been, to get a column of reference, progressing west, with the places observed at. The formula nsed is that of Altman’s.. The heights deduced are marked on the map; but they should be considered, at best, but as near approximations to the truth. The time of ‘day at which the observations were made is not that © _ which experience has shown to be best; but, SPE ots, Seige: yond my control, I was compelled to yield to circumstances. — As far as Santa Fé, I received the assistance of Lieutenants J. - neers; both of whom had but too recently returned from an ex- : ecperne expedition in less favored cHinates. and fell ill—the first at _ Bent’s fort, and the lust at Santa Fé. eae ae Santa Fé to the Pacific, I was aided ‘by First Likntellndt - Warner, of the topographical engineers, and Mr. Norman _ Bestor; all of whom deserve notice for the zeal and industry with which they performed their duty. Whilst with me, Lieutenant Peck made the topographical sketches; after he left, they were made by Lieutenant Warner. I would here gladly avail myself of the opportunity of fiankue * oe Robert Campbell and Dr. Engelmann,* of St. Louis, for the disinterested and efficient aid they rendered us in St. Louis in our hurried Jae eess for a long and tedious journey. The advice is give en us by Colonel Campbell, a gentleman of great aripempie: ap rairie life, was felt beneficially to the last of the journ "The country between Fort Leavenworth and Santa Fé, traversed _ by he army of the west, may be divided into three great divisions, character, climate, and products, viz: from Fort Leav- a awnee fey , from Pawnee fork to Bent’s Fort, and nt’s Fort to Santa Fé, two first divisions have been so Ne daira that I héve Seated. my diary embracin them, contenting myself with a few a Se sh pee eteromarks) but the states and especially as liob- — rvations ene to them, are as full as in ean ‘to the ee ak a . of distances has been prepared; which, with the map, (though on : high, rol prairie, traversed by many streams,.the largest of w ich 4 s Kansas, or ‘* Kaw;” and all but this river may be forded t during freshets. f ied - .The bed b . soil, and their banks almost vertical, developing, where thestreams ~ On a branch of the Wah-Karrussi, where the Oregon trail strikes : This j coal, to Westport. For the most part, the soil is a sandy loam, — covered with rich vegetable deposite; the whole based upon rees are to be seen only along the margins of the streams, and _ the general appearance of the country is that of vast, rolling gee fields, enclosed with colossal hedges. The growth along these Streams, as they approach the eastern part of the section under consideration, consists of ash, burr oak, black walnut, chesnut oak, known halting-place for caravans, for the repairs of wagons, and | 4 : ome _clepias, white flowering indigo, flowering rush, spotted tulip, bed- Straw, wild burgamot, spider wort, pink spider wort, pom ” blanche, (psoralea esculenta,) scarlet malva, pilot weed, hazel, button bush, wild strawberry, cat-tail, and arrow rust ee ay S$ you draw near the meridian of Pawnee Fork, 99° west o Greenwich, the country changes, almost imperceptibly, 3 merges into the arid, barren wastes described under th ection The transition is marked by the occurrence of. cacti and other spin plants, the first of which we saw in Jong itmde QB? so age Ay Near the same meridian the buffalo grass* was seen ins quantities, and, about noon, our party was-cheered for ‘7 time by the sight of a small ‘ band” of buffalo, two | “We killed, at the expense of a couple of fine horses, wh I tieit od Mam the chase. Horses occasionally fed on 2g On grass alone, and should neve te quick work. A violation of thi 7 ee 3 f fi, aaa ee A noe ates ‘a Se iad 4 bata 9 Na i ey 2 S Pe ee SS ee re ae Es Py a OF Poses 2 a x . im ¢ *% ‘ es . 12 Re % ag Ps ~~ has cost many volunteers their horses, and entailed trouble without end on’ many inexperinced travellers ‘‘ westward bound.’”? The . next day immense herds of thé buffalo were seen. r _._ -We were now on ground (see map of July 10th) which is tra- versed by the nomadic tribes of Pawnees, Sioux, Osages, and oc- _ easionally the Comanches. Their range is seldom farther east than _ Council Grove. The country thence, to the western borders of - Missouri, isin the hands of Indians owing allegiance to, and re- ceiving stipends from the United States ; they live in log-houses, — cultivate the soil, rear cattle, and pursue some of the arts of peace. They form the connecting link between the savage of the plains ' and the white man of the States. Se ‘ The latitude of our camp, afew thousand feet southeast of where - the road crosses the Pawnee Fork; is 38° 10’ 10’; and the longi- _ tude, by chronometer, is 98° 55’-22’. -The height above the sea, "indicated approximately by the barometer, is 1,932 feet; the point, as will be seen on the map, is but a short distance from the junc- tion of the Pawnee Fork and the Arkansas river.” _ The section of country embraced between this point and Bent’s © Fort is totally different in character from that just described, but the change is gradual, and may be anticipated from what has been. said in referrence to the appearance of the country so far ezst as the 98th degree, or even the 97th meridian. : _ The position of our camp near Bent’s Fort, determined by 29 al- titudes of polaris and 35 circum-meridian altitudes of alpha aquile, is 38° 02’ 53,” and the longitude, by the measurement of distances og ae tween ¢ and the * alpha aquile and the *spica virginis, is 103° ~ — Ol’, agreeing within 34s. with the chronometric determination of _ the same point.—(See Appendix.) 3 _ Our route from Pawnee Fork to this point, was along the Arkan- “sas river. The approximate height of Bent’s Fort above the sea is _ 3,958 feet, and the height where we first struck the river, at the ' : 1,658 feet, the distance between these two points being 311 al ] va . benc > is sq _ miles, the fall of the rivér is about seven feet and four-tenths per | _. mile. Its bed is of sand, sometimes of rounded pebbles of the pri- - mitive rock. It is seldom more than 150 yards wide, and, but for _ the quicksands, is every where fordable. “The bottom land, a few feet above the level of the water, varies in width from half a mile _ to two miles, and is generally covered with good nutritious grass. _ Beyond this the ground rises by gentle slopes into a wilderness of _ sand hills on the south and into prairie on the north. There are one or two exceptions; for instance, at the great bend, the sand hills _ from the south impinge abruptly on the course of the river; at _~ Pawnee rock,.a long swell in the ground terminates in an abrupt hill of highly ferruginous sand stone; and ten miles above Cho- _» teau’s island, the hills along the river are vertical, as if the river | nad cut a passage through them; and as you approach Bent’s Fort, é hills generally roll in more boldly on theriver, and the bottoms _ e narrower, and the grass more precious.- cae ee ese places the geological formation can be seen distinetly. n the lower part of the river it is a conglomerate of pebbles, etimes shells cemented by lime and clay overlaying a stratum a ~— os he a * a | 13 ae of soft sand stone, which, in turn, over Jew a blue shale, and some- times. Ninian, | Wecciption of mar rt igher up the river, we find the same formation, but in additien 4 argillaceite lime stone, containing so and other impressions _ a of shells in great variety, and in more than one instance distinct 4 impressic s of oyster shells. The ay both cases about 6°, and ~ ‘. a little: n «8 of east. he soil of the plains:is a rae rai intermixed with the og exuvie of animals and vegetable matter, supporting ascanty vege- tation, The eye wanders in vain over these immense wastes in search of trees. Not one is to be seen. ‘The principal growth is the buffalo grass, cacti.in endless variety, though diminutive; yucca a angustifolia, (soap plant;) ‘the Darlingtonia brachyloba, schrankia uncinata, prairie gourd (cucurbita aurantia,) and very rarely that wonderful plant, the Ipomea leptophylla, called by the hunter man root, from the similarity of its root in size and shape to the body of aman. It is esculent, and serves to sustain human life in n some of the many vicissitudes of hunger and privation to which n who oam the prairies, as an occupation, are subjected. cP ly 24—Near the dry mouth of the Big Sandy creek, the i angustifolia, palmillo of.the Spaniards, or soap plant, first madeits appearance, and ss ages a new change in the ‘soil and vegetation of the prairies. The narrow strip which I have described as the bottom land o! rot the army of the west whilst on the river. The fase ' magnitude found on its course is the cotton-wood, (pop de nsis,) and it frequently happens that not one of ‘these vole day’s journey, and the buffalo dung and wild sag odd ee tute the only fuel to be procured. About 35 miles before » reaching — ~Bent’s Fort is found what is called the “big timber.” Here the — é. valley of the river widens, and the banks on either side fall towards — it in genthe; Popes. The ‘ big timber” isa thinly scattered pte, P of large co on woods not more than three quarters of a mile wide, © and three or four miles long. Itis here the Chyennes, Arapah ite and the Kioways sometimes winter, to avail themselves of scanty supply of wood for fuel, and to let their animals browse" _ the twigs and bark ofthe cottongood. The buffaloes are s ~ times driven by the severity of the winter, which “is here in for the latitude, to the same place to feed upon the cotton To 1% point, which has been indicated to the Sor no suitable one for a military pont Mr. “Bent thin _ establishment. ae “In addition to the grasses and cotton n-wood mentioned, v the bottoms wild ple ) ae Fe ea ag 3 F = =e Ps uae) a. Ss 4 a. : Fa s several varieties of solidego, cenothera, and helianthus; among which was the common sunflower. : _.. The animals of this section of the country are the buffalo, deer, _- antelope, elk, marmot, wolf, agama cornuta, &¢.; but, for a more "specific knowledge of the natural history and herbarium of the _» region from Fort Leavenworth to Bent’s Fort, reference is made _ to the interesting notes of one of my assistants, Lieutenant Abert, - in appendix No. 6. — Except the buffalo, game is very scarce, and cannot be depended _ upon to support a party of men, however small their number. The buffalo, where they range, may be relied upon to support -. a column of many thousand men; but their range is very uncertain. _ This year it was westward, between the 98th degree and the 101st _ meridian of longitude. _ For an account of the country from Bent’s Fort to the Pacific, I submit my notes, in which I have set down what passed under my own observation. -. The accompanying map is also limited chiefly to the route fol- lowed, based upon the data exhibited in the appendices, and num- Serek Him St65. 2 eet For a more specific knowledge’ of the: plants peculiar to the country traversed than will be found in the journal, I refer to the catalogue prepared by that eminent botanist, Dr. John Torrey, to 4 a - the geolog of the Penns » Prams ro / quest of | New Mexico and the countries beyond, consisted of two _~ batteries of artillery, (6-pounders,) under the command of Major Cle eg. ates irene of the first dragoons, under Major Sumner, P the first regiment of Missouri cavalry, under Colonel Doniphan, : _ of August, at a camp nine miles below Bent’s Fort. - ea = a concentrated with admirable ordér and precision on the 1st t, 5. volunteers, though but recently accustomed to the ease and com- _ ed 7 — ae aie 3 “i m, ie * = . : N 0 TE Be bs . " -* — * a ‘August 2, 1846,—I looked in the direction of ‘Bent’s Fort; fbi yp Aaa ‘huge "United: States flag flowing to the breeze, and straining every fibre of an ash pole planted over the centre of a ie » The | mystery was soon revealed by a column of dust to the eastead- vancing with about the velocity of a fast wallihe hore was) ‘*the Army of the West.” I ordered my horses to be hitched ag and, as the column passed, took my place with the staff. parse _ A little below the fort, the river was forded without difficulty, a being paved with well attritioned pebbles of the primitive alt and not more than knee deep < We adva five tidal: along the river, where its bed slides ad over a black carbonaceous shale,. which has been mistaken for coal, and induced some persons to dig for it. Here we turned to the. left, and pursued outa elevated plain for twenty miles, without water. the Timpas, we found the water in puddles, and th lore Doniphan, was ee to pursue ‘athe cas towmear ~ the. mouth of the. Timpas, an ejoin the arm by fo ae bed of that stream. oie . é aa ihe ae Near where we left the ‘AsJesonsicing we found on the side de of the oe slope seyeral singular demi- Dera aborte a eae ee ae Ses hic at di with carbonate of vystals. remontia. BA. St — ~ laris; yacea angustifolia, eee af the Spaniards; verbena; eu” rotia ‘ ew menzelia nuda. The only fpitisagie seen were one black-tailed bie, and an ante- © | lo} 5 both of which were killed. Our march was 26 miles, that of the army 37; the last 20 vileg : without waie - The artillery arrived about 11, p. m.; both men and hess were arched with thirst e teamsters, who had to ‘encounter hig dust; 4 ed very much. When water was near, the seats. and ran for it like mad men. Two horse ~day’s mar Our as ur a cent: at s constable to-day. The cheight: indi a barometer, being 4,523 feet above the level of the sea gust = Wea etal the Timpas six and a elt e. “te it yt © ee os 16 a Oke . ie * ; and halted for the day near running water; the grass was all burn- ed dry, and not a green sprig to be seen. Three buttes were passed of singular appearance; some idea of which will be given by the sketch. They were composed of lime-stones and were garnished at their bases with nodgledof carbonate of lime, like those described yesterday. A part of our road was on the dry bed of a river, paved with argillaceous lime-stone, containing, now and then, the impres- | __ sion of oyster shells very distinctly. The valley in which we are now encamped presents the appearance of a crater, being surround- © ed with buttes capped with stunted cedar, (juniperus Virginianus.) The stratification, however, appears regular, and to correspond on ent sides of the valley. cactus three feet high, with round limbs shaped like a rope, three and a half inches in diameter, branching atright angles. It is said the Mexicans make hedges of it ~ Colonel Doniphan’s regiment passed our camp about 4, p. m. The water was in pools, charged with vegetable matter and salt. "Phe formation of the adjacent hills was distinct; first, a stratum of lime-stone, ten feet thick, then hard sand-stone, with amonites ~ and a variety 0 er shells, &c., overlaying blue marl. From the sides of uded geodes, with crystallized lime-stone, and the gro rywhere strewed with detached pieces of ferru- _ ginous sand-stone. On these hills we found cedar growing, very — _ stunted; ‘issouri flax; several varieties of wild currants; a very — stunted growth of plums; moss and cacti im great variety, but di- *4 _ minutive. — . saat 7 ‘The latitude of this camp, by nine observations on Polels, out of the meridian, is 37° 44’ 56". _. The longitude derived from the chronometer, by an estimate of The barometer reading indicates a height above the sea of 4,761 x feet. : > : * cs August 4.—The road wound through the valley of the Timpas. - The soil, being impregnated with lime, rendered the dust, which _ fose in dense columns, distressing. | ‘ . =~ Dwarted cedar skirted the road on each side. The’strata of hills _ son either side of the valley were the same as described yesterday; but the ferruginous nodules and. blocks of sand-stone “were more frequent. , ets . _..... Thirteen miles’ march brought us to the crossing of the Timpas. The only water we found there was in a hole 40 feet in diameter, — “into which the men rushed with great eagerness, disturbing’thae : vegetable deposit formed on its surface, and thereby rendering it | unfit for use. Nine miles farther on We came to ‘the hole in the - rock”—a large hole filled with stagnant, though drinkable, water. | _ We saw at times, during the day, a few antelopes, rabbits, wild oe - ; ¥ ‘ al time derived from eight measurements of the double alti- -arcturus on the west, and-seven of alpha aquile in the east, — m. 06 . © Sc eae a V1 gee Te horses, two jack dams, (magpie,) meadow larks, king birds, and bob o’lincolns. fii . t The pasture was so bad that Colonel Kearny determined to march to the ‘hole in the prairie,’ the neighborhood of which, thougk said to be destitute ofswater, affords some dry grass. We passed a dead horse belonging to the infantry, black, with crows, and a wolf in their midst, quietly feeding on the carcase, This gave us unpleasant forebodings for our noble, but now attenu, ated, horses... : ‘, We reached the ‘hole in the prairie” at 10, p..m., the distance being 143 miles, and found grass, as we expected: we were agreea- bly surprised to find water also. The night was delicious, and all slept in the open air. The infantry were encamped here. The total distance to-day was 36 miles. The horses were 1 falling away in an alarming manner, butthe mules seem to require the stimulus of distention, and nothing else: this the dry grass affords. ° a iards. ote ae The vegetation was the same as that of yesterday, as far as we could judge from its burned and parched condition; to which ma be added a plant described by Dr. Torrey, as physalis perbalisyand one eriogonum tomentosum. = : ae | a Height of this camp 5,560 feet. : August 5.—To-day we descended eleven and a half miles, and reached the valley of the Purgatory, called, by the mountain men, Picatoire, a corruption of Purgatoire, a swift-running stream, few yards in width, but no grass of any amount at the The blighted trunks of large cotton-wood and locust tr seen for many miles along its course, but the cause “of de not apparent. : 7 at The growth of the bottom, which is very narrow, was black lo- cust, the everlasting cotton-wood, willow, wild currants, hops, plum and grape, artemisia, clematis Virginiana, salix, in many va- rieties; and a species of angelica, but no fruit was on the bushes. 3eyond this stream five and a half miles, we encamped on the bed ~ of a tributary to the Purgatory, which comes down fromthe north — side of the Raton, or Mouse, which is the name given to a chaim of ragged looking mountains that strikes the course of the Purg : tory nearly at right angles, and separates the waters of the Arkan: _ sas from those of the Canadian. The banks of the Purgatory, _ where this.stream debouches, begin to assume something of amoun: _ tain aspect, different from scenery in the States. The hills are bare ~ of vegetation, except a few stunted cedars; and the valley is said — tobe, occasionally, the resort of grizzly bear, turkeys, deer, @ eee “ lope, &c. iS ” he _ Measured 13 double altitudes of polaris, in the north, for lati- PE: as: | _ : 18 a Santa Fé lady, was sent in the direction ofyTaos, with two Pueblo - Indians, to feel the pulse of the Pueblos and the Mexican people, sent forward to.reconnoitre the mountain ‘passes. In this company “was ; height indicated by the barometer is 5,896 feet. the Raton towering to the ny Pine trees (pinus rigida) here ob-— . + Passing the rear wagons of the infantry, we found their horses , nd‘the train followed by wolves. the Ist dragoons, was sent ahead the day before nd Armijo. Mr. Liffendorfer, a trader, married to almost worn out, a -Captain Cook, yesterday, to so and, probably, to buy wheat if any could be purchased, and to dis- tribute the proclamations of the colonel commanding. 1 Yesterday Wm. Bent, and six others, forming a spy-guard, were oat 4: £s ir, jr-) who had been in this country some months, for the benefit-of his health. UG ,and 7 of alpha aquile, in the east, for local time, and the re- latitude is 37° 12) 10", and longitude 64. 56m. 48s." The _ August 6.—Colonel Kearny left Colonel Doniphan’s ‘regiment and Major Clarke’s artillery at our old camp-ground of-last night, — done, we ¢ 17 miles, halted with the infantry and general staff, within.a half- tain, a respectable size, and he rocks of the mountain were chiefly a light sandstone—in like the pass at the summit of the Boston and Al bany railroad, but he scenery bolder, and less adorned with vegetation. aoe ae ee : vated. The genéral appearance is something — a ™ * S Baie ine eA fin 28 Miatiy Fey yh Tae ees Gs AT rr NEES Te Pe tine ee a SNS hy aes Ge Se AEST Rage TR ee fe Nee ee em strata, not far from horizontal; and the. road was covered with agments of volcanic racks, of purplish brown color, porous, — c. s op et a ak, An express returned from the spy-guard, which ported all clear in front. - Captain Cook and Mr. Liffendorfer have only reached the Canadian river. It was reported to me that, at Captain Sum- ner’s camp, about 7 miles above where we encamped last night, and 12 miles from the summit, an immense field of coal crops out; the seam being 30 feet deep. To-night our animals were refreshed. with good grass and water. Nine observations on polaris. give, for the latitude of the place, 37 00’ 21". - Seven on arcturus, in the west, and 7 on alpha aquilz, in the east, give the chronometric longitude 6A. 57m. 01.353. ; Height above the sea, 7,169 feet. . August 7, camp 36.—We recommenced the ascent of the Raton, which we reached with ease, with our wagons, in about two miles. The height of this point above the sea, as indicated by the barom- _» wards saw so much in‘this country. As we dre near, the view is wee, ae the glass. The mountain appears to be forme = st ona For two days our way was strewed with flowers; exhilarated by - gregate ] ut may be doubted. > hee ® Weeks . d'stag- be losing 3s. per da * the ae staff and ube first dragoons 103 bales and rac Pe s cc leaves an army making forced marches into an enemy’s countr 3 - To-day commenced our half-rations of bread; though not suffer- | ing for meat, we are anxious to seize on Santa Fé and ae stock of F ‘ EN as soon as possible. 4 [7] ne 20» 3 mence; and the road, for three or ‘four miles, is just passable for a wagon; many of the train were broken in the passage. A few 7 thousand dollars judiciously expended here, would be an immense saving to the government if the Santa Fé country is to be perma- — nently occupied, and Bent’s Fort road adopted. A few miles from — the summit we ‘reached a wide valley where the mountains open — out, and the inhospitable looking hills recede to a respectable dis- — tance to the right and left. Sixteen miles from camp 36 brought ~ us to the main branch of the Canadian, a slow running stream ed a volume of water the thickness of a man’s waists e found here Bent’s camp. I dismounted under the shade of a — pettia- wood, near an ant-hill, and saw something black which had ~ been thrown out by the busy little insects; and, on examination, ei found it to be bituminous coal, lumps of which were afterwards — found thickly scattered over the plain. After crossing the river, — and proceeding about a mile and a quarter, I found the party from ~ which I had become separated encamped on the river, with a plen- — tiful supply of grass, wood, and water; and here we saw, for the. first time, a few sprigs of the famous grama, Atheropogon oligos- — _taclyum. 4 - The growth on to-day’s march was pifion in small quantities, — scrub oak, scrub pine, a few lamita bushes, and, on the Canadian, a few cotton- wood trees; except at the camp, there was little or no grass. The evening threatened rain, but the clouds passed ; ‘away, and we had a good night for observations. We have had — no rain since we left Cow creeks, thirty days a grass. ; There may be mineral wealth in these mountains, but its dis-— covery must be left to some explorer not attached to the staff of © ng show : ak Yetitude of the camp is 36° 47' 34"; the longitude 6h. 56m. — On the 7th, I measured 8 altitudes of arcturus in the. west, and | 8 of alpha aquilze in the east; and, on the 8th, 10 of arcturus 3 and 8 of alpha aquile—showing the rate of chronometer 783 to eMioe: height determined approximately, is 6,112 feet above the 7 sor en 9.—We broke up camp at 2} o’clock, and marched with re now in what may-be called the es of that part of © between Bent’s Fort and San Miguel; and yet he who _ e.edge of the Canadian or its tributaries must make a ~ good ‘ay? s march to find wood, water, or : a EVR ae. WEE aoe ee eS S Fs Re te tee eR CS SE, | ne ee ees ‘ Sn ae le be Be ie eee Eo) 21 | [7] under the mountains on the western side of the Canadian, on the banks of a small stream, a tributary of the Canadian. The grass was veut but good; the water in small quantities, and in puddles. re e found a trap-dyke—course north 83 west—which shows itself “e on the Canadian, about four miles distant in the same course At the distance of six miles from last night’s camp, the road forks—one fork running near the mountains to the west, but nearly parallel to the old road, and never distant more than four miles, and, almost all-the time in sight of it. * The army was divided— the artillery, infantry, and wagon train ordered to take the lower, and the Missouri volunteers and first dragoons the upper road. The valley here opens out into an extensive plain, slightly rolling, - flanked on each side by ranges of perpendicular hills covered with stunted cedar and the pifion. In this extensive valley or plain may be traced by the eye, from any of the neighboring heights, the valleys of the Canadian and its tributaries, the Vermejo, the Poni, the Little Cimarron, the Rayada, and the Ocaté. We saw troops of ecu ged horses, deer, &c.; also cacti in great abund- nce, and in every variety; also a plant which Dr. De Camp pointed out as Aicine highly” balsamic; and haying collected quan- tities of. it during his campaign to the Rocky mountains, and tested its efficacy as a substitute for balsam co To-night we observed a great number of insects, the first remarked since leaving the Arkansas. Birds were equally rare, with the exception of the cow-bunting, which has been seen in great-num- bers on the whole route, and in a state so tame as to often alight on our horses. The horned frog (agama ee also abounds here, as well as on the route westward from Choute au’s island. | August 10.—Colonel Kearny was dissatisfied with the upper r ad, and determined to strike for the old road: We did sO after reach- Pe. . ing the Vermejo, 9} miles ina diagonal line, and rejoined it at the crossing of the Lit ttle Cimarron, where we found the infantry en- camped—total distance 20} miles. The grass good, and water . plenty, though not flowing: Another ap dyke, parallel nearly to the last, and three mile distant, presented its wall-like front. It was strewed with fragments of fernigenous sand-stone and crys- talized Carbonate of lime. ‘A Mexican came into camp from Bent’s Fort, and reported Lieu- tenant Abert much better. Colonel Kearny allowed him to pass, to Taos, which place (60 miles distant by a bridle path) he ex- pected to reach to-night. The colonel sent by him copies of his proclamation. ive Mexicans were captured by Bent’s spy company; they were | sent out. to reconnoitre our forces, with orders to detain all per- sons passing out of New Mexico. They were mounted on diminu~— tive asses, and presented a ludicrous contrast by side of the big men and horses of the first dragoons. Fitzpatrick, our guide, who seldom laughs, became’almost sr eae whenever he turned his _ well practised eye in their directio Mr. Towle, an American citizen, came to head-quarters at the a | tal beh ee -mejo, and reported himself just escaped from Taos. He brought the intelligence that, yesterday, the proclamation of Governor Armijo reached there, calling the citizens to arms, and placing the whole country under martial law; that Armijo has assembled all the Pueblo Indians, numbering about 2,000, and all the citizens capable of bearing arms; that 300 Mexican dragoons arrived in Santa Fé ~ the day Armijo’s proclamation was issued, and that 1,200 'more were — hourly expected; that the Mexicans.to a man were anxious fora ~ fight, but-that half. the Pueblo Indians were indifferent on the sub- ject, but would be made to fight. ~A succession of thunder storms passed yesterday to the north. and west, but did not reach us. The ground indicates recent rain, _as also does the grass, which looks as in the spring, just sprouting. The hills to the left, as near as I can judge, the same as in the - Raton, were of different colored sand stone, regularly stratified, and dipping gently to the east, topped by a mural precipice of green, stone. The. growth on the mountains, pifion and cedar. On the _ plains, which are covered with scorie, scarcely a tree is to be seen. We encamped on the little Cimarron, and observed at night for latitude and time. 7 altitudes of pelaris give for the latitude 36°. 27°50"; 7 on arcturus in the west, and the same number on alpha aquile in the east giye the meridian by chronomoter differences 6h. 58m. 39s. Approximate height 6,027 feet. glee The plants of to-day, in addition to many of plants heretofore mentioned, were the Erysinum Arkansanum, lippa cuneifolia, myo- sotis glomerata, so frequently found on the plains, lytherus line- aris, hypercium ellipticium, several verbenas, and several new - varieties of oxybaphus, wild sage, and on the streams a few cotton-_ wood and willows. “ss ; : ed ugust 11.—We madea long march to-day with the advanced guard and the Ist dragoons, to the Ocaté, 313 miles. The road approaches the Ocaté, at the foot of a high bluff to the north, where the river runs through a cafion, making it inaccessible to animals. We as- cend the river for four or five miles, to where the road crosses ; there we left the road, and at that point, the river being dry, con- », tinued to ascend it a mile, and found good grass, and, occasionally, running water. The scenery to-day was very pretty, sometimes | approaching to the grand; the road passed through a succession of valleys, and crossed numerous ‘f divides” of the Rayada and Ocaté. | _ The Rayada is a limpid running stream, ten miles from the little: _ Cimarron, the first of the kind noted, though we have been tra- versing the bases of many mountains for days past. The pasture, - however, is not good. At pointstwo and four miles farther, at the foot of the mountains, there are springs and good-grass. At the last point we overtook the infantry, where they. halted. . Abont five miles before reaching the Ocaté, the road descends into a valley, overhung by confused and rugged cliffs, which give promise hea and water, but, on going down, we found that this beauti-, ful valley had no outlet, but terminated. in.a salt lake... The lake. _ -is now dry, and its bed is white with a thin saline encrustation., _ Here the road is indistinct, and takes a sudden turn to the left. 4 ee , 23 roe [7] At this moment we discovered coming. towards us, at full speed, Bent’s spy-guard. All thought they ‘had met the ene my; lwa ordered to ride forward wa sa them, followed by-Mr. Pitapatfiak and two dragoons. It to be a false alarm; they had missed their road, and were gat aes back to regain it. The hills are composed principally of basalt and a porous vol- canic stone, very hard, with metallic fracture and lustre, traversed by dykes of trap. The lava is underlayed by sand stone. From the uniform height of these hills, one would think they originally formed the table land, and that the valleys had been formed by some denuding process, and their limits determined by the alternate existence or non-existence of the hard crust of volcanic rocks. | Matters are now becoming very interesting. Six or eight Mexi- cans were captured last night, and on their persons was found the proclamation df the?Prefect: of Toas, based upon that of Armijo, calling the citizens to arms, to repel the ‘“ Americans, who were coming to invade their soil and destroy their properly and liberties ;” It is * . ordering an enrolment of all citizens over 15 and under 50. Iti SI ee a pe ae ae are . _borhood. That they had heard of our advance some ps * but believed uae be at the Rayada, 22 miles back; but seeing our decidedly less bombastic than any Mexican paper I have yet seen. Colonel Kearny assembled these prisoners, altogether some ten or twelve, made a speech to them, and ordered that, when the rear guard of the army should: have passed, they should be released. The&Se men were not deficient in form or stature; their faces ex- pressed good nature; bordering on idiocy ; they were mounted on little donkies and jennies, guided by clubs instead of bridles... Two more Mexicans, of a better class, were captured to- -night, or rather they came into camp. Their story was, that they had come out by order of the alcalde of the Moro town to look oi for their standing enemies, the Eutaws, who were reported n th é a: me since, wagons, and having faith in the Americanos, they rode without “hesi- tation-into our camp“ When they said they had faith in us, the ‘colonel ordered them to shake hands with him. They were ordered ‘to be detained for a day or two, for it was quite evident to all they were spies, who had come too. suddenly into the little ravine in which we were encampe see They appeared well pleased, and one of them, after proceeding a few steps with the guard, turned back and presented the colon ' with a fresh cream cheese | ' {e:'The grass was interspersed with a great variety of new and beau- =, ti ul flowers—the cenothera; Stanley pinnatifida; anemone Penn- — _ sylvania; eriogogum tomentosum; erysinum, Arkansanum, Rei: Ge ee The hills were sparsely covered with cedar and pifion. Antelopes — and horned frogs in abundance, ~ no other animals were seen. Height of this camp 6,946 feet. - os August 12.—The elder: enix was accitendicd, giving him two ise Hi oy ioewe one for the alcalde, another for the people: of his town. A message was sent to the alealde to meet us at the cross> ~ é = ae of the Moro, with several of his chief men. The other Mexie — can was retained as a guide: About 12 o’clock the advance > * iT) a pe sounded, and the colonel, with Sumner’s command, marched 20 _ miles, and halted in’a beautiful valley of fine grass and pools of cool water, where the wild: liquorice (glycyrrhiza lepidota) grew lentifully. The stream, where flowing, is a tributary of the | ; oro. . | From the drift wood, &c., found in its wide, well-grassed bed, I | infer it is subject to great freshets. In‘crossing from the Ocatéto — the valley of the Moro, the mountains become more rolling; and as we approached the Moro, the valley opened out, and the whole ‘country became more tame in its appearance.. Ten miles up the Moro is the Moro town, containing, we were informed, 200 houses. It is off the lower road; but a tolerable wagon road leads to the village from our.camp of last night. | The plains were strewed with fragments of brick-dust colored lava, scorie and slag; the hills, to the left, capped with white — granular quartz. The plains are almost destituté of vegetation; the hills bear a stunted growth of pifion and red cedar. Rains have fallen here recently, and the grass in the bottoms is good. The ~ grama is now found constantly. #Ve saw to-day some ground ~ squirrels, with stripes on their sides: in their habits, resembling the common prairiedog. A flight of birds was seen to the south, but. too distant to distinguish. - We were attracted to the left by an object which was supposed to be an Indian, but, on céming up to it, it was _ discovered to be a sand-stone block standing on end and topped by — another shorter block. A mountain man, versed in these signs, — said it was in commemoration of a talk and friendly smoke between — some two or three tribes of Indians. ‘The latitude of the place, from 7 observations on-polaris, is 35° 54’ 21'', and the longitude, deduced from the local time by 7 alti- tudes of alpha lyre in the west, and 11 of © in the east, was 6h. 59m. 49s. . i The height above the sea 6,670 feet. = * E : August 13.—At 12 o’clock, as the rear column came in sight, the ~— ~ call of “‘boots and saddles” was sounded, and in 20 minutes we were off. e had not advanced more than one mile when Bent, | of the spy-guard, came up with four prisoners. They represented themselves to be an ensign and three privates of the Mexican army, sent forward to reconnoitre and ascertain our force. They said 600 men were at the Vegas to give us battle. They told — many different stories; and finally delivered up a paper, being an — order from a Captain Gonzales to the ensign, to go forward on the Bent’s Fort road to ascertain our position and numbers. They were corss-examined by the colonel, and detained... As soon as we commenced the descent into the valley of the Moro creek, some one reported a company of Mexicans at the crossing; Colonel Kearny ordered me to go forward with twelve of the Lacléde rangers, and reconnoitre the party, and if they attempt- ed to run, to pursue-and capture as many as we could. As Lieu- tenant Elliot and myself approached this company, they appeared to be motionless, and on coming up, we found them to consist of ‘ 25 ee [7] notuing but the pine stakes of a corral. The dragoons were sadly disappointed; they evidently expected either a fight or a chase. Six miles brought us to the first settlement we had yet seen in 775 miles. The first object I saw was a.pretty Mexican woman, with clean white stockings, who very cordially shook hands with us and asked for tobacco. Inthe next house lived Mr. Boney, an Ameri- can, who has beén some time in this country, and is the owner of a large number of horses and cattle, which he manages to keep in defiance of wolves, Indians, and Mexicans. He is a perfect speci- men of a generous open-hearted adventurer, and in appearance — what, I have pictured to myself, Daniel Boone, of Kentucky, must have been in his day. He drove his herd of cattle into camp and _ picked out the largest and fattest, which he presented to the army. Two miles below, at the junction of the Moro and Sapillo, is another American, Mr. Wells, of North Carolina; he has been here but six months, and barring his broad-brimmed sombrero, might have been taken for a sergeant of dragoons, with his blue panta- loons with broad gold-colored stripes on the sides, and his jacket ~ trimmed with lace. I bought butter from him at four bits the pound. ‘We halted at the Sapillo, distance nine and a half miles from-our last night’s encampment, in a tremendous shower of rain; the grass was indifferent, being clipped short by the cattle from the ranche- ria. Wood and water plenty. At this place a Mr. Spry came into camp, on foot, and with scarcely any clothing. He had escaped from Santa Fé on the night _ previous, at Mr. H ’s request, to inform Colonel Kearny that - Armijo’s forces were ‘assembling; that he might expect vigorous resistance, and that a place called the Cafion, 15 miles from Santa Fé, was being fortified; and to advise the Colonel to go round it. The caiion is a narrow defile, easily defended, and of which we have heard a great deal. War now seems ‘‘inevitable;” and the advan- tages of ground and numbers will, no doubt, enable the Mexicans to make.the fight interesting. The grass was miserable, and the camp ground inundated by the shower of to-day,—which was quite a- rarity. Baromettic height 6,395 feet. : August 14.—The order of march to-day was that which could easily be converted into the order of battle. After proceeding a few miles we met a queer cavalcade, which we supposed at first to be the looked for alcalde from Moro town, but it proved to bea messenger from Armijo; a lieutenant, accompanied by a sergeant i and two privates, of Mexican lancers. The men were good looking * enough, and evidently dressed in their best bib and tucker. The creases in their pantaloons were quite distinct, but their horses were mean in the extreme, and the contempt with which our dra- = were filled was quite apparent. The messenger was the bearer of a letter from Armijo. It was a sensible, straightforward — S missive, and if written by an American or Englishman, would have meant this: ‘‘ You have notified me that you intend to take posses- sion of the country I govern. The people of the country hav have risen, en masse, in my defence. If you take the country, it will ee ee tat kal Ragas oles Be ” Sees Poa es aes tabs eros €. ere Vy Me eS Ty go ae 266 be because you prove the strongest in battle. I suggest to you to stop at the Sapillo, and I will march to the Vegas. We will meet and negotiate on the plains between them.” The artillery were detained some time in passing the Sapillo. This kept us exposed to the sun on the plains for four hours, but it gave the colonel time to reflect on the message with which he should dismiss the lancers; as there was some apprehension that Captain » Cook was detained; their discharge’ became matter for reflection. | Sixteen miles brought us in sight of the Vegas, a village on the stream of the same name. ~ . 3 alt was made at this point, and the colonel called up the lieu- tenant and lancersand said to them, ‘“‘ The road to Santa Fé is now - meet him, and I hope it wi'l be as friends.’ At parting, the lieutenant embraced the colonel, Captain Turner, _and myself, who happened to be standing near. - The country to-day was rolling, almost mountainous, and cov- _- ered in places with scorie. Grass began to show itself, and was _ interspersed’ with malva pedata, lippia cunefolia, and several new species of geraniace, bartonia, and convolvulus. The soil was _ good enough apparently, but vegetation was stunted from the want _ of rain. As we emerged from the hills intothe valley of the Vegas, _ our eyes were greeted for the first time with waving corn. ‘The. _ stream ‘was, flooded, and the httle drains by which the fields were irrigated, full to the brim. The dry soil seemed to drink it in with looked like an extensive'brick-kiln. On approaching, its outline _ presented a square with some arrangements for defence. Into this . square the inhabitants are sometimes compelled to retreat, with all _. their stock, to avoid the attacks of the Eutaws and Nayahoes, who _ pounce upon them and carry off their women, rary helen _ ried off 120 sheep and other'stock. As Captain Cook passed through the town some ten days’ since, a murder had just been committed _ on-these helpless people. Our camp extended for a mile down the valley; on one side was the stream, on the other the ‘cornfields, with no fence or hedge interposing. What a tantalizing prospect for our hungry and jaded nags; the water was free, but a chain of _ sentinels was posted to protect the-corn, and strict orders given that jt should not be disturbed. ” : _ Captain Turner was sent to the village to inform the alcalde that: _ the colonel wished to see him and the head men of the town: In _ with numerous servants, prancing and careering their little nags into. camp. + < . Observations.—9 altitudes of polaris in the ncrth, 7 of arcturu Latitude 35° 35/ Longitude 7h. 00m. 46s; _ Height, by the barometer, 6,418 feet. Y me _ August 15.—12 o’clock last night information was received that . Only a few days since, they made a descent on the town and ¢ar- . the avidity of our thirsty horses. The village, at a short distance, — a short time: down came the alcalde and two captains of militia, - as free to you as to myself. . Say to General Armijo, I shall soon y) : a s n the east, and 7 of alpha aquile in the east. fa 6! 05’. : : a wee Te” te — eer arama SI igh tate oor ic at ts tin ete ee ey oe ae OF se fice, 5 : Se 27 | <0 ix .600 men had collected at the pass which debouches into the Veras, two miles distant, and were to oppose our march. In the morning, orders were given to prepare to meet the enemy. At 7, the army moved, and just as we made the road leading through the town, _ Major Swords, of the quartermaster’s department, Lieutenant Gil- to that place he and his staff would follow, and from that point, did, as follows: . ‘Mr. Alcalde and people of New Mexico: I haye come amongst you by the orders of my government, .to take possession of your. country, and extend over it the laws of the United States. .We - consider it, and have done so for some time, a part of the territory of the United States. We come amongst you as friends—not as enemies; as protectors—not as conquerors. We come among you . a for your benefit—not for your injury. - tells him is best. Its laws protect the Catholic as well asthe Pro-> _ and their reli ion; and not a pepper, nor an onion, shall be dis-- .— vel government respects your religion as much as the Protestant: = ‘ E riel _ faith; but at least one-third of my army are Catholics, and ro _ Spect a good Catholic as much as a good Protestant. cease y . “Henceforth I absolve you from all allegiance to the Mexican’ government, and from all obedience to General Armijo. He is no longer your governor; [great sensation.] Iam your governor.» I) shall not expect you to take up arms and follow me, to fight your own people who may oppose me; but I now tell you, that ees : who remain peaceably at home, attending to their crops and their. rotected by me in their property, their persons, __ turbed: or eics by, my troops without pay, or by the consent of ~~ the owner. But listen! he who promises to be quiet, and is found oe in arms against me, I will hang. — . we ‘“‘From the Mexican government you have never received pro- tection. . The Apaches and the Navajhoes-come down from ther 2 mountains and carry off your sheep, and even your women, when- . ever they please. My government will correct all this. It will” eep off the Indians, protect you in your persons and property;. and; I repeat again, will protect you in your religion. I know you 2 are all great Catholics; that some of your priests have told you ally sorts of stories—that we should ill-treat your women,-and brand them on the cheek as you do your mule on the hip. Ft is all false. eligion, and allows each man to worship. his Creator as his heart testant; the weak as well as the strong; the poor as well as the- + Tam not a Catholic myself—I was not brought up ine a Ir m= alee 28 ‘There goes my army—you see but a small portion of it; there . are many more behind—resistance is useless. -“Mr. alcalde, and you two captains of militia, the laws of my country require that all men who hold office under it shall take the oath of allegiance. I do not wish for the present, until affairs be- come more settled, to disturb your form of government. If you are prepared to take oaths of allegiance, I shall continue you /in © office and support your authority.” This was a bitter pill; but it was swallowed by the discontented captain, with downcast eyes. The general remarked to him, in. hearing of all the people: ‘‘ Captain, look me in the face while you repeat the oath of office.” The hint was understood; the oath taken, and the alcalde and the two captains pronounced to be con- tinued in office. The citizens were enjoined to obey the alcalde, &c. &c. The people grinned, and exchanged looks of satisfaction; - but seemed not to have the boldnessto express what they evidently felt—that their burdens, if not relieved, were at least shifted to sofme ungalled part of the body. ‘ We descended by the same ricketty ladder by, which we had climbed to the tops of the houses, mounted our horses, and rode briskly forward to encounter our 600 Mexicans in the gorge of the - mountains, two miles distant. ace ‘he sun shone with dazzling brightness; the guidons and colors of each squadron, regiment, and battalion were forthe first time unfurled. The drooping horses seemed to take courage from the gay array. The trumpeters sounded ‘ to horse,’’ with spirit, and. the hills multiplied and re-echoed the call. All wore the aspect - of a gala day; and, as we approached the gorge, where we expected to meet the enemy, we broke into a brisk trot, then into a full gal- lop, preceded by a squadron of horse. The gorge was passed, but no person seen. ae One by one the guidons were furled; the men looked disappoint- . ed, anda few minutes found us dragging our slow lengths along _* with the usual indifference in regard to every subject except that - of overcoming space. _ Two miles further brought us to another pass as formidable as he first, and all the intermediate country was broken and covered _ with a dense growth of pine, pifion, and cedar. Here the moun- _ tains of red sand-stone, disposed in horizontal strata, begin to rise to the height of a thousand feet above’ the road. Nine miles more - brought us to Tacoloté. feet. _ We marched ten miles farther, to the Vernal springs, and halted at the upper spring, and observed for time and latitude about 500 feet south of the upper spring. : Observed 9 altitudes of polaris, 7 of alpha aquile, and 7 of arc- _ turus. Latitude 35° 23’ 19”; longitude 74. Olm. 23s. > & f -, they are in the , This was the alcalde of the settlement; two miles up the Pecos — _ from the ruins, where we encam ed, 15§ miles from our last camp, les from a . = = » | 29 ak Height indicated by the barometer 6,299 feet. August 16.—We marched to San Miguel, where General Kearny assembled the people and harangued them much in the same man- ner as at the Vegas. ; , Reports.now reached us at every step that the people were rising, and that Armijo was collecting a formidable force to oppose our ‘march at the celebrated pass of the Cajion, 15 miles from Santa Fé. - About the middle of the day’s march the two Pueblo Indians, pre- — viously sent in to sound the chief men of that formidable tribe, . 4 > na i=] ° 4 wm c te oO _— Se] —e Pp a i © 4 a S ou | a @ nm 5 =. os ia) - ne =) a Cy ian oO 5 ° n ~~ ° > o = fas) ~*~ 4 ° dashed up to the beg his face radiant with joy, and exclaimed, a pendicula®, 2,000 feet high, apparently level on the top,and show- ees red sand-stone. We turned from the road to the creek, where there were Stew : rancherias, to encamp; at which place we passed an uncomfortable night, the water being hard to reach, and the grass yery bad. _ Barometric height 6,346 feet. August 17.—The picket guard, stationed on the road, captured the son of Saliza, who, it is said, is to play an important part ij the defence of this country, and the same who behaved so britilily ‘to the Texan prisoners. The son was at San Miguel yesterda: and heard from a concealed place all that passed. It is sapien at this time, he was examining the position, strength, &c., of army, to report to his father. Ar ae tS te of himself and army. He said, with a roar of laughter, Armijo and his troops have gone to hell, ‘and the Caiion is all cleat? < the road, _ _ : CA Ey age ae J ce | z 9°) +t P = o o> = 0 (4°) eS B je) ee =| wm oO? Lamps } oo Be is") C2 @ ana Oo ae © oO | = a - oO my “ oy jo) “~~ a nm oh oO = -_ =) ga lone = oO fool ee w”A i so utterly different in theory, were here, as in all Mexico, blended in harmonious practice until about a century since, when the town was sacked by a band of Indians. + Amidst the havoc of plunder of the city, the faithful Indian man- ? « aged toakecp his fire burning in the estuffa} and it was continued till a few. 1 as to be unable to keep their immense éstuffa (forty feet ia diameg ter) replenished, when they abandoned the place and joined a tribe ~ of the original race over the m untains, about sixty nfles south. * There, it is said, to this day they keep up their fire, which. has reyer yet been extinguished. © The labor, watchfulness, and exXpo- . sure to heat consequent on _ practice of their faith, is fast re- ducing this remnant of the ontezuma race; and a few years will, in all probability, see the last of this interesting people. The ac- companying sketches will give a much more accurate representa- tion of these ruins than any written descriptions. The remains of the modern church, with its crosses, its cells, its dark mysterious ers and niches, differ but little from those of the present day New Mexico. The architecture of the Indian 7 a Be onsiderable popul ght up from day to day as we advanced on the march, without h the understanding would have been impracticable. We all ay and night, and, with the assistance of several gentle- e volunteers, I succeeded in accomplishing the work 5 ever, ind very satisfactory manner. Nite TERED Dh SES OPT ee i call om . oa 33 Z | [7] Events now begin to crowd on each other in quick succession, but my duties keep me so constantly occupied in my office and in the field, that I cannot chronicle them in regular order or enter much upon details. On the morning of the 19th, the general as-. | era all the people in the plaza and addressed them at some elen The next day, the chiefs and head men of the Pueblo Indians: came to givein their adhesion and express their great satisfaction at our arrival. This large and formidable tribe are amongst the best and most peaceable citizens of New Mexico. They, early after the . Spanish conquest, pccayentiigs the forms of religion, and the manners . and customs of their then more civilized masters, the Spaniards. Their interview was aplhe and interesting. They narrated, what is a tradition with them, that the white man would come from the far east and release them from the bonds and shackles which the Span‘ards had imposed, not in the name, but in a worse form than slavery. They and the numerous half-breeds are our fast friends now and forever. Three hundred years of oppression and injustice have failed to extinguish in this race the recollection that they were ~once the peaceable and inoffensive’ masters of the country. aig od “A message was received the same night from Armijo, asking on | _ what terms he would. be received; but this proved to be only a ruse on his part to gain time in his flight to the south. Accounts go to show that his force at the Cafion was 4,000 men, tolerably armed, and six pieces of artillery. Had he been possessed of the sli htest qualifications. general, he might have given us infinite ble. A priest mes t night, the 29th, and brought the intelligence that at the moment of Armijo’s flight, Ugarté, a colonel in the re- gular service, was on his march, at this side of the Passodel Norte, with 500 men to support him. That, had he continued, he would have been enabled to rouse the whole southern district, which i is by ” far the wealthiest and most populous of the whole country. ‘ In the course of the week, various deputations have come in from Taos, giv ig in their allegiance and asking protection from the ‘Indians. That portion of the country seems the best disposed to- wards ace United States. aos man may be distinguished at 0 Ze by the cordiality of his salutation.* e A band of Navajoes, naked, thin, and savage looking fellows, dropped i in and took up their quarters with Mr. Robideaux, our interpreter, just opposite my quarters. They ate, drank, and slept — allthetime, noticing nothing buta little cinnamon-colored naked brat that was playing 1 in the court, which they gazed > pie the eyes © of gastronome’s; and Mr. Fitzpatrick told me these people some- 2 times eat their own offspring, and consider it a great delicacy. 3 Various rumors have reached us from the south that troops et moving on = — and that the Bye are rising, Sees : * Since t iis * thes written, the massacre of the excellent Governor es Fie ti | a 2 Taos, It pr the e profound duplicity of this race. ge a ee i ee cae Ba a : ‘ Te. : . . ay 34 - them, an expedition of 150 miles down the river has been deter- mined on, to start on the Ist September. | | © August 30.—To-day we went to chugch in great state. The gov-— @rnor’s seat, a large, well stuffed chair, covered with crimson, was — occupied by the commanding officer. The church was crowded © “with an attentive audience of men and women, but not a word was — uttered from the pulpit by the priest, who kept his back to tue congregation the whole time, repeating prayers and incantations. The band, the identical one used at the fandango, and strumming ~ the same tunes, played without intermission. Except the gover- nor’s seat.and one row of benches, there were no seats in the church. © Each woman dropped on her knees on the bare floor as she entered, and only exchanged this position for a seat on the ground at long — intervals, announced by the tinkle of a small be \ -» The interior of the church was decorated with some fifty crosses, © a great number of the most miserable paintings and wax figures, © and tooking glasses trimmed with pieces of tinsel. The priest, a very grave, respectable looking person, of fair com-_ + plexion, commenced the’service by sprinkling holy water over. the | congregation; when abreast of any high official person he extended : his silver water spout and gave him a handful. at When a favorite air was struck up, the young women, whom we recognised as having*figured at the fandango, counted their beads, — tossed their heads, and crossed themselves to the time of the music. — All appeared to have just left their work to come to church. — _ There was no fine dressing nor personal display that will not be. _ seéffon week days. Indeed, on returning from church, we found — all the stores open, and the market women Selling their melons and — _ - plums as usual. 5 é ~— The fruits of this place, musk melon, apple, and plum, are very 4 indifferent, and would scarcely be eaten in the States. I must ex-_ cept, in condemning their fruit, the apricot and grapes, which grow in perfection. On leaving the narrow valley of the Santa F@_ which varies from a thousand feet to a mile or two in width, the » country presents nothing but barren hills, utterly incapable, both from soil and climate, of producing anything useful. “- = The valley is entirely cultivated by irrigation, and is now, as will : -be seen on the sketch, covered with corn. Five miles below the _ town, the stream disappears in the granitic sands. a oe The population of Santa Fé is from two to four thousand, and— the inhabitants are, it is said, the poorest people of any town in the — province. The houses are of mud bricks, in the Spanish style, : generally of one story, and built on a square. The interior of the quare is an open court, and the principal rooms open into it. They _are forbidding in appearance from the outside, but nothing can ex- ceed the comfort and convenience of the interior. The thick walls, - make.them cool in summer and warm in winter. fa id _. The better class of people are provided with excellent beds, but the lower cla ~untanned skins. The women here, as in — tae ea - uch before the men — intelligence, and knowledge of the useful arts. . The ae the ee ee Sleep ot many other parts of the world, appear to be much al War | Fe te aia ¥ WK * 2 ilies ae ' en ae eee a i: ee, seated it a - —— ee a ‘ | lee S i . * ‘ om 35 Psa higher class dress like the American women, except, instead of the bonnet, they wear a scarf over the head. This they wear, asleep or awake, in the house or abroad. The dress of the lower class of women is a simple petticoat, with arms and shoulders bare, except what may chance to be covered by the reboso. . ; : : The men who have means to doso, dress after our fashion; but by far the greater number, when they dress at all, wear leather ° breeches, tight round the hips and open from the knee down; shirt and blanket take the place of our coat and vest. The city is dependant on the distant hills for wood, and at all — hours of the day may be seen jackasses passing laden with wood, which is sold at two bits (twenty-five cents) the load. T.ese are the most diminutive animals, and usually mounted. from behind, after tne fashion of leap-frog. The jackass is the only animal that can be subsisted in this barren neighborhood without great expense; our horses are all sent to a distance of twelve, fifteen, and thirty _ miles for grass. Grain was very high when we. first entered the town, selling | freely at five and six dollars the fanegas, (one hundred and forty pounds.) As olr wagons draw near, and the crops of wheat are _ being gathered, the price is falling gradually to four dollars the fanegas. . , Milk at six cents per pint, eggs three cents a piece, sugar thirty- ~~ * five cents per pound, and coffeeseventy-five cents. The sugarused __ in the country is principally made from the cornstalk. NEELOL A great reduction must take place now in the price of dry goods © zi and groceries, twenty per cent. at least, for this was about the rate of duty charged by Armijo, which is now, of course, taken off. He collected fifty or sixty thousand dollars annually, plivelly, indeed, entirely, on goods imported overland from the United States. His charge was $500 the wagon load, without regard to the con- tents of the wagon or vaiue of the goods, and hence the duty wat very unjust and unequal. ~ ms . Mr. Alvarez informed me that the importations from the United States varied very much, but that he thought they would average about half a million of dollars yearly, and no more. Most of the wagons go on to Chihuahua without breaking their loads... Rese Mexico contains, according to the last census, made a few years since, 100,000 inhabitants. It is divided into three depart- e ments—the northern, middle, and southeastern. These are again sub-divided into counties, and the counties into townships. The lower or southern division is incomparably the richest, containing 48,000 inhabitants, many of whom are wealthy and in possession of farms, stock, and gold dust. ; New Mexico, although its soil is barren, and its resources limit- Ls ed, unless the gold mines should, as is probable, be more extensively developed hereafter, and the culture of the grape enlarged, is, front its position, in a commercial and military aspect an ‘imp ortant | military possession for the United States. The road from Santa Fé” iD Té ac to Fort Leayenworth presents few obstacles for arai Pe oF eee, ae ge ee ee ee a ia eS eel ee en a ens oe, Oe CN. Se rae ad a = or? ee f a | [7] ! 286 | continues as good to the Pacific, will be one of the routes to be considered, over which the United States will pass immense quanti- ties of merchand: se into what may become, in time, the rich and] populous States of Sonora, Durango, and Southern’ California. As a military position, it is important and necessary. The moun- - tain fastnesses have long been the retreating places of the warlike parties of Indians and robbers, who sally out to intercept our cara vans moving over the different lines of travel to the Pacific. - The latitude of Santa Fé, determined by 52 circum-meridian ‘le titudes of alpha aquile, 23 of beta aquarii, and 36 altitudes of polaris” outof the meridian, is N. 35° 44’ 06”. The longitude, by the meas- urement of 8 distances between the * alpha aquile and the q, and 8 between * antares and the ¢, is respectively 7h. O4m. 148.7 and: Th. 04m. 228.4. The mean of which is 7h. 04m. 185. and the longitude brought by the chronometer from the meridian of Fort Leavenworth is 7h. 04m. 05s.5.—(See Appendix No. 4. | The place of observation was the court near the mocthhest corner of the public square. The latitude may be considered fixed; but satisfactory as the longitude may appear, I should, nevertheless, have greatly multiplied the number of lunar distances, had In ot | een in daily expectation of receiving a transit instrument, with which a set of observations on moon culminating stars could have been made at this important geographical point. - The mean of all the barometric readings at Santa Fé indicates, as:the height of this pointabove the sea, 6,846 feet, and the neigh- boring peaks to the north are many thousand feet hi her. August 31.—Lieutenant Warner arrived to-day, but cannot yet be relieved from ordnance duty. ‘To-morrow an expedition goes to Ear poe Mr. Peck is sick, I. have no officer to send with it.) apparently well authenticated accounts have arrived that _ Armijo met Ugarté, about 150 miles below, coming up with a force ; eof 500 regulars and some pieces of artillery; that he turnéd back, * and is now marching towards us with a large force, rallying the et as he passes, and that numbers are joining him from the a towns. In consequence of these reports, the general ‘has st gthened ee force. with which he is.to march the day after to-! “ow to meet im, * * ae ee We marched put of | Santa Fé at 9-0 clock, a. my ‘ en- sitemies the valley of the Santa Fé river, nearly west, for five’ . miles, when we left the river and struck across a dry arid plain ine tersected by arroyos; (dry beds of streams,) _ din a range _ course. Twenty- three miles. brou ught us to the Galist ree which, at that time, was barely running. The bed of cael creek san stern of the To rock, and lies bet celprancell clay and | ee ee pte ae ots i eae o Ste. aA EPY teo creek, but ‘after leaving Santa Fé some miles, a few sprigs of grama tempted us’to halt and bait our nags; but the principal growth on the plains was ephedra, Frémontia vermicularis,-diotis Janata, (Romeria of the Spaniards,),hendecandia Texana. There was also picked up in to-day’s journey a verbena pinnatifida, splia- eralcea stellata, a éleome integrifolia, (a handsome purple flowered herb,) several aster and a species of dicteria, which Dr. Torrey thinks new. ) 3 ; September 3.—This has been a great.day.. An invitation was re- ceived, some days since, from the Pueblo Indians to visit their town of Santo Domingo. From height to height, as-we advanced, we saw-horsemen disappearing at full speed. Ss we arrived abreast of the town we were shown by a guide, posted there for the pur- pose, the road to Santo Domingo. The chief part of the command and the wagon train were sent along the highway; the general with his staff and Captain Burgwyn’s squadron of dragoons, wended his way along the bridle path nearly due west to the town. We had not proceeded far, before we met ten or fifteen sachemic looking old Indians, well mounted, and two of them carrying gold-headed canes with tassels, the emblems of office in New Mexico. : Salutations over, we jogged along, and, in the curse of conyer- sation, the alcalde, a grave and majestic old Indian, said, as if casually, ‘ We shall meet some Indians presently, mounted and dressed for war, but they are the young men of my town, friends come to receive you, and I wish you to caution your men not to fire upon them when they ride. towards them.” ? - hen within a few miles of the town, we saw a cloud of ‘dust. rapidly advancing, and soon the air was rent with a terrible yelly.- resembling the Florida war-whoop. The first object that caught my eye through the column of dust, was a fierce pair of buffalo horns, — overlapped with long shaggy hair. As they approached, the sturdy form of a naked Indian revealed itself beneath the horns, with shield and lance, dashing at full speed, on a white “horse, which, — like his own body, was pai ted.al he colors of the rainbow; and then, one by one, his followers came on, painted to the eyes, their own heads and their horses covered with all the stra equi nts that the brute creation could afford in the way of b tails, feathers, and cla . ae *. ai » As they passed us, | k on each side, they fired a1 s’ bel left. aa Co e well-trained dragoo pre without ric! y continued to pass and repass us.a h overhangs the town. , There * [ee ee 8 side of the road, which descends through a deep cafionyand halted on the peaks of the cliffs. Their motionless forms projected against the clear blue sky above,*formed studies for an artist. In the caii- on we were joined by the priest, a fat old white man.. We were escorted first to the padre’s, of course; for here, as every where, these men are the most intelligent, and the best to do in.the world, — and when the good people wish to put their best foot foremost, the. padre’s winessibeds, and couches have to suffer. The entrance to ' the portal was lined with -the women of the village, all dressed alike, and ranged in treble files; they loeked fat and stupid. e were shown into his reverence’s parlor, tapestried with cur- tains stamped with ‘the likenesses of all the faeea the United States up to this time. The cushions were of spotless damask, and the couch covered with a white Navajoe_ blanket worked in richly colored flowers. a : The air was redolent with the perfume of grapes and melons, and every crack of door-and windows glistening with the bright-eyes and arms’of the women of the capilla. The old priest was busily talking in the corner, and little did he know the game of sighs and signs,carried on between the young fellows and the fair inmates of is house. he wome ésee ed “to me to drop their usual subdued look an timid wave of the eye-lash for good hearty twinkles and signs 0 naffected and cordial welcome—signs supplying the place of con- versation, as neither party could speak the language of the other. 3 This little exchange of the artillery of eyes was amusing enough, but I was very glad to see the padre move towards the table, and bee the pure white napkins from the grapes, melons, and wine. Ve were as thirsty, a heat and dust could make us,and we relished the wine highly, whatever its quality. The sponte cake was irre- is impos to arrive at the precise population of the town, 3 dred, and the quantity of round under tillage for their support about five hundred acres. miles, __ more brought us to the pretty village of overhung by wale craggy precipice, upon the summit of which are the ruins of a Roman Catholic church, presenting in the land- scape sketch the appearance of the pictures we see of the castles on the Rhine. _ ‘ ai = ~. ase of}. We had our gayest array ef ung men out to-day,and © t ' 4 i ow San lelippe_ New Mexico Lith. by E.Weber & Co. Balto. * 39° °on es key Petween San Felippe and the Angosturas, six miles below, the valley, of the river is very narrow, affording no interval for agri- culture. On the west side, the banks are steep walls, crowned by seams of basalt forming the table lands. The east is composed of rolling sand hills, rising gradually to the base of the mountains, and covered with large round pebbles. I must except from this the poverty-stricken little town of Algodones, which has some ground round it in cultivation. 7 The observations for the determination of this camp, about one mile below the town of San Felippe, were made on my return, _ (September 10th,) and will be found under that date in Appendix No. 5. The height indicated by the barometer of this, the first camp on the Rio del Norte, is 5,000 feet above the level of the very sandy, and better adapted to Indian corn than wheat. Of this last we saw but few stubbles, the ground being chiefly planted with corn. The vegetation is much the same as that described after leaving Santa Fé, with the addition of quite a number of com- posite; among which was a species of linosyris, artemesia filifolia, aster, helicladus, &c. ! Age News now began to arrive whith left but little doubt that the reports which caused our movement down the river were exagger- ated, if not wholly without foundation. People Nad passed down the river, as was reported, but in no great numbers. A messenger came in from the alcalde of Tomé with an official note, stating territory. We were here invited to the house of a wealthy man, to take some refreshment. saints, crosses’ innumerable,.and Yankee mirrors without number, These last are suspended Mrely out of reach; and if one wishes to shave or adjust his toilet, he must do so without the aid of a — mirror, be there cver so many in the chamber. We passed on to the house of our host’s wealthy son, where we _ were invited to dine. Here we found another refreshment table; and, after waiting some hours, dinner was announced. It wasa queer jumble of refinement and barbarism; the first predominating ‘in every thing, except in the mode of serving, which was chiefly — performed by the master, his Mexican guests, and.a few female serfs. : The plates, forks, and spoons were of solid New Mexican silver, clumsily worked in the country. The middle of the table was strewed with the finest white bread; cut in pieces, and within the reach of every cover. At ciose intervals were glass decanters, of - Pittsburg manufacture, filled with wine made on the plantation. _ The dishes were served separately. The first was soup maigre; then followed roast chicken, stuffed with onions; then mutton, boiled with onions; then followed various other dishes, all dressed ~. with the everlasting onion; and the whole terminated by chilé, the glory of New Mexico, and then frigolé. _. Chilé the Mexicans consider the chef-d’ceuvre of the cuisine, and seem really to revel in it; but the first mouthful brought the tears _, trickling down ‘my cheeks, very much to the amusement of the spectators with their leather-lined throats. It was red -pepper, stuffed with minced meat. From Bernallilo the valley.opens, but narrows again at Zandia, raed an Indian town ona sand-bank at the base of a high mountain of | _ the same name, said to contain the precious metals. They were treading wheat here, which is done ‘by making a cir- ' eular corral on a level ground of clay; upon this floor they scatter - the wheat, turn in a dozen or more mules, and one or two Indians, who, with whoops, yells, and blows, keep the affrighted brutes constantly in motion. To separate the wheat from the chaff, both ndians and Mexicans use a simple hand-barrow, with a bottom of raw bull’s hide perforated with holes.“ I should suppose it must take an hour to winnow a bush el. 3 . . . . : Ld fr After dining sumptuously at Sandival’s, we went to our camp in _ the Allemada. Here the valley is wide and well cultivated. The _ people of the surrounding country flocked in ‘with grapes, melons, _andeggs. Swarms of wild geese afd sand cranes passed over camp. They frequent the river and are undisturbed, save when - some American levels his rifle. Breakfasted with Don José Charvis, at Perdilla. When sitting, his hair, in imitation of some pretty coquette, and ever and anon glancing in one of the many looking-glasses with which the church was decorated. After mass, to our surprise, he delivered an elo- observation, the latitude of this camp is 35° 11’ 50”, and the | iy ee ee quent discourse, eulogising the grandeur, magnanimity, power, and justice of the United States. Attending mass before breakfast proved anything but an appe- tizer. The ehurch was crowded with women of all conditions, and the horrid reboso, which the poor use for anaes. bonnet, handker- chief, and spit- box; sent out an. odor which the’ incense from the. altar ‘failed to stifle. One fact struck me as singular in all the houses that we visited, the ladies never made their. appearance; and it was always by the merest accident.that we caught a glimpse of one of the family. At Isoletta, I became a of the show, and, seeing my servant talking at the door of one of his acquaintances, I took the liberty. of asking” permission to take a quiet siesta; but this was out of the. question. The good woman ov erwhelmed me with a thousand questions about the United States, which could only be stopped by questioning her in return. She denounced Armijo; said, with a true Castilian flash of the eye, ‘‘I do not’see how any man wearing those things,” pointing to my shoulder straps, ‘‘could run away as © he did. e had a good army to back ie and could have driven you all back.” The valley suddenly contracts below Perdilla, between Tsoletta and Peralta. On the east side of the river there is deep sand, and the country is perfectly barren. I observed to-night, for time and latitude at my camp, about 500 feet northwest of Senora Charvis’s private chapel, thirteen altitudes of polaris:give for the latitude of this place, 34° 50’ 57”; and twelve of corona borealis, and nine of alpha pegasi, give the mpengnh longitude 7h. O7m. 8s.4. September 7.—The early part of last evening was most beauti- 2 . bright: and serene; the air was of the most delightful temper- * a ure, varied occasionally by a gentle breeze from the south, waft- g along the perfume of the vineyards. I made some observations for time and latitude; the last unsatisfactorily, owing to the bright: - ness of the moon dimming the southern stars. bout 11 o’clock, the whole character of the night was changed by an east wind that came rustling down from the mountains, driving the sand before it. - _ Nearly the whole distance travelled in the last three days has been _ over drifting sand, with only occasional patches of firm soil. os fter rising eatly to attend to some businéss, I walked over ine town-of Peralta, which is interspersed with cotton wood, grow ng in nearly the regular order of an apple orchard. I then repaire to head-quarters, at the palace of Mr. Aan? a spacions one Story edifice, five hundred feet front. We marched and encamped near Tomé. It was the eve of the _ féte of Tomé in honor of anes Virgin Mary, and people from all _ parts of the country were king in crowds to the town. The primitive wagons of the paste were used by the women as coaches. ese wagons were heavy boxes mounted on wheels cut from large | cotton wood; over the top of the box was spread.a blanket, and bas inside were huddled, in a dense crowd, the women, children, Pigs, 4 lambs, and ‘‘every thing that is his.” ‘The man of the fami ve : ae 2 * Peis [7] ae . 42 ‘usually seated himself on the tongue of the wagon, his time divi- q ded between belaboring his beasts and scratching his head. In one of. these a violin was being played, and the women who were sitting on their feet, made the most of the music by brandishing — their. bare arms and moving their heads to the cadence. At night there was a -theatrical representation in the public square. The piece dramatized was from the Old Testament. During the day I had been puzzled by seeing at regular intervals on the wall surrounding the capilla, and on the turrets of the ca- pilla itself, (which be it remembcred is of mud,) piles of dry wood. he mystery was now to be cleared up. At a given signal all were lighted, and simultaneously a flight of rockets took place from every door and window of the chapel, fire-works of all kinds, from ‘the blazing rocket to children’s whirligigs, were now displayed in succession. The pyrotechny was the handicraft of the priests. I must say the whole affair did honor to the church, and display- ed considerable chemical knowledge. Most of the spectators were So ico iat ak 2 lead | Nee I Pali As é LAB ei -. on mules, each with his woman in front, and it was considered a i ~ 3 - great feat to explode a rocket under a mule’s belly without previous . intimation to the rider. “i September 8.—Long. shall I remember the féte of Tomé, a scene at once so novel and so striking. To-day, my duties called me off early in the morning. -I had to examine guides in reference to the route to California, and engage such as I might think fit for the trip. re a My last interview of this kind to-day was in a species of public building, or guard-house, where a number of Mexicans had col- = lected with arms. Several written tablets hung round the walls, : but they were perfectly illegible. Our business was cut short by — a sedan chair, borne by four men, was reated a wax figure nearly ~ as large as life, extravagantly dressed; following immediately wert three or four priests, with long tallow candles, a full yard in length. ome American officers followed, each holding a candle. Unfortu--— nately I emerged just as this group was passing; there was no es- cape, and the moment I joined a grave Mexican (apparently a man ~ in authority,) thrust a candle into my hand. I thought of my coat, — my only coat, the coat which was on my back, and which must ~ take me to California, and back again into the interior of Mexico? — Suddenly there was a halt without any word of command, and in — the confusion we jostled against each other and distributed the tallow in great profusion ‘It was thought proper that the officers should show every respect the sound of passing music. A strange sight presented itself. iy _ to the religious observances of the country, consequently they did not decline participation in these ceremonies. % The procession ended at the church. After the services there — _were’ concluded we repaired to the house of the padre, where we found a collation. A : _ We had proposed attending a theatrical representation going on in the open air, but a heavy squall of wind and a few drops of rain put a stop to this amusement, and all retired to dress for the 4 oe. aes - - a 43 | 2 gees fandango, which is the name given to all collections of people where there is music and dancing. A cotillion was attempted in honor of the Americans present, but this cold and formal dance soon gave way to the more joyous” dances of the country, the Coona, the Bolero, and the Italiana. Every variety of figure was introduced, but the waltz was the basis of all, except the Bolero, which, as danced here, resembles our negro jig. At the dance we found a very plain, but very intelligent woman, the sister of Armijo, who said he would return as soon ashe settled his affairs in Chihuahua. September 11.—Returned to Santa Fé. September 15.—Sent Lieutenant Warner, with a party consisting of Lieutenant Peck and three men, to determine the latitude of Taos and the topography of the road. . From the 15th to 25th September I was busily engaged in fitting out for California. . Lieutenant Abert, who was left dangerously ill at Bent’s Fort, - . had not arrived on the 25th, but accounts reached me that he was. convalescent, and on his way to Santa Fé, where he might shortly be expected. Lieutenant Peck was also an inyalid, and neither being able to accompany us to California, I left, by the general’s direction, the subjoined order for them to make a map of New Mexico, based upon the astronomical points and measurements de- tersanined by myself, and to furnish from the best statistical sources, an account of the population and resources, military and civil, of the province. , : Sanra Fe, September 14, 1846.” 4 Sin: I'am charged by the general commanding to inform you that you will remain for the present in the territory of New Mexico, _ and should your health, or that of Lieutenant Peck, be sufficiently 4 restored to return to duty, that you will continue the survey of this territory commen¢ed by myself, and follow it to completion, — provided it does not interfere with other military duties which may — be required of you by the officer left in command of the territory. — ith the limited number of instruments that can be placed in your hands, it is not expected that you will conduct the survey on strict geodetic principles, yet it is believed that sufficient precision — can be attained to answer all the requirements of the military and civil service. io 4 he country from Taos to Fra Cristobal contains nearly all the ground that is under cultivation, and nearly all that is worth culti-— vating; and for this whole distance it is open and bounded by high ~ and conspicuous peaks, affording great facilities for conducting — your operations. ae - Thave established the astronomical positions of six points in this territory, viz: camp 42, at Vegas; camp 43, Vernal springs, Santa — .. Fé; camp 55, 11 miles south of the church of San Felippe; camp e i BET] © Ss 49, at the Alameda; camp 51, at Peralta, at the mill, and I shall establish two more, one at Taos, and the other at Secoro. These points are quite sufficient, and will be the base of your — ‘operations; and upon them you will form a trigonometric canevas. For this purpose the rule requiring every angle of the series to be greater than 30°, may be wholly disregarded. And after having determined by triangulation the position of any three conspicuous peaks, the position of any other points, which are in view of the - _ three first named, may be determined by the problem of three points, _ as is practised in hydrographic surveys. Many such points will _ ‘present themselves. era: The canevas completed, the course of the Del Norte, that of its tributaries to the base of the mountains or beyond the settlements; the width of the valleys; the quantity of land under cultivation; the position of the towns, churches, hills, and all other topogra- phical features of the country, can be determined with the Schmal- kalde’s compasses. . If your force is sufficient, the operation described in this last — paragraph may be carried on simultaneously with the triangulation. 3 ou are aware that I have no theodolite at my disposal, the trian- _ gulation must, therefore, be made with the sextant. _ cee fhe population, number of cattle, horses, and sheep, and the quantity of grain and other agricultural products, the facilities and best localities for water power to propel machinery, and also the mineral resources of the country, it is very desirable to know. i) ington. ' : culminating stars, and for the magnetic dip and declination. : The series for longitude will be continued for at least three luna-_ ions, and, should an opportunity present itself, I wish the observa- ions and results to be communicated to me in California. _ 4am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C) 3 . Lieutenant J. W. Azerr, or, in his absence, K. . . 5 First Lieut. Corps Top. Engineers. Lieutenant W. G. Pec : Ph Me | rae General orders were issued designating the force to march on . California. It consisted of three hundred United States Ist dra- goons, under Major Sumner, who were to be followed by the bat- : talion of Mormons, five hundred in number, commanded by Cap-" a: ‘tain Cook. | ’ Colonel Doniphan’s regiment was to remain in New Mexico until ’ - relieved by Colonel Price’s regiment, which was daily expected to reach there from the United States, when Colonel Doniphan’s regi-~ ment was directed to effect a junction with General Wool at Chi- *huahua. , ‘ Major Clarke’s two batteries of artillery were divided—one com- _ pany, Captain Fisher’s, to, be left in New Mexico; the other, Cap- tain Weightman’s, to accompany Colonel Doniphan. The battalion of foot, under Captain Agney, was directed to remain im Santa Fe. Thus was the army of the west divided into three columns, to operate in regions remote from each other, and never to unite again in one body. - > September. 25.—I received notice that the general. was to march at 2, p. m., for California. His force consisted of three hundred dragoons, to be followed by a battalion of Mormons on foot that had not yet arrived in Santa Fe. My requisition for twelve pack-saddles and eight mules not being filled, I determined to delay starting for an hour or two, and did not reach my camp, sixteen miles distant, till long after dark. - [found my tent pitched, my supper smoking, and corn ‘secured for - my mules; this was gratifying, and I congratulated myself on the reorganization of my party, at least so far as ‘the personel was concerned, for I had never found my camp so well attended to. 7 day was excessively hot, the night very cold, the thermo- eter 32 degrees. | | : _— Memorandum.—My party is now organized as follows: Lieutenant Warner, topographical engineers, &c. Stanly, draughtsman. ee Norman Bestor, assistant. ; | : ‘ : Men. a James Early, driver to..instrument wagon; i W. H. Peterson, in charge of horizon box and cantina for sextants; Baptiste Perrot, driver of transportation wagon; 24 : Maurice Longdeau, in charge of spare mules; ie + Francois de Von Ceur, in charge of spare mules; , rank Ménard, assistant teamster; James Riley, assistant to Bestor; Dabney Eustis, assistant to Stanly, and the private servants of Lieutenant Warner and myself. = _. Our roadis oyer the ground heretofore travelled and chronicled as ae far as Tomé. chia oe Asan evidence of the ignorance of the people here respecting — 7 . ok aa | | a the topography of the country, and also the ignorance of foreign- ers who have lived fifteen or twenty years in Santa Fé, no one could ‘tell me where the Rio Santa Fé debonched into the Rio Grande. — IT may here remark, that every night I furnished the distances travelled over to General Kearny at headquarters, and very often "(whenever required) the latitude of the camp. In many cases these and the distances have been published; I shall, therefore, not repeat “them. The latitudes in some cases have been incorrectly reported, i l and in others recomputed, and are therefore now given as fina results. * September 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30.—We marched over the same ground already travelled over and described, between the 2d and Tth of September. . Below Zandia we were attracted by a great noise. It proceeded from a neighboring rancheria, where we saw eight or ten naked fel- $ lows hammering away in a trough full of cornstalks,as Thad never seen Mexicans exert themselves before. The perspiration from their bodies was rolling off into the trough in profusion, and ming- ling with the crushed cane. This was then taken out, boiled, and transferred to a press, as primitiye in construction as any thing from the hands of Father Abraham. horses. A few days’ experience was quite enough to warn us that tant became ‘the demands of the Mexicans. At Albuquerque I was directed to call and see Madame Ar. - mijo, and ask her for the ‘map of New Mexico, belonging to her husband, which she had in her possession. I found. her ladyship sitting on an ottoman smoking, after the fashion of her country- ia et a ; : : women, within reach of a small silver vase filled with coal. She © said she had searched for the map without success; if not in Santa Fé, her husband must have taken it with him to Chihuahua. We crossed the Rio Grande del Norte at Albuquerque, its width - was about twenty-five yards, and its deepest part just up to the hubs — : of the wheels. It is low at present, but at no time, we learned, is its rise excessive—scarcely exceeding one or two feet. We encamped a little more than half way between Albuquerque and Pardillas, on a sandy plain, destitute of wood, and with little grass. A New Mexican Indian Woman . Lith. by E.Weber &Co Balto SS ee eee ee CU er . } ! ge dae “We saw myriads of sand crane, geese, and brant. September 30.—Feeling no desire to go over the same eroun nd twice, I struck off on the table lands to the west, and found them a succession of rolling sand hills, with obione canescens, franseria acanthocarpa, yerba del sapa of the’ Mexicans, and occasionally, at cas long intervals, with scrub cedar, about as. ya as the boot- = here the hiding places of the Nav ajoes, who, me few in — numbers, wait for the night to déscend upon the valley and carry . . off the fruit, sheep, women, andgchildren of the Mexicans. | ber st in numbers, ‘they come in day- -tihe and levy their dues. Their treats and caverns are‘at a distance to the west, in high and ins cessible m-untains, where troops of the United States will fin great difficulty in overtaking and subduing them, but where the Mexicans have never thought of penetrating. The Navajoes may’ be termed the lords of New Mexico. Few in number, disdaining — the cultivation of the soil, and even the rearing of cattle, they draw all-their supplies from the valley of the Del Norte As we marched down the river to meet Ugarté and Armijoy: the Navajoes attacked the settlements three miles in our rear, killed one man, crippled another, and carried off a large supply of sheep and cattle. ‘To-day we have a report, which appears well authen- ticated, that the Mexicans taking courage at’ the expectations of | protection from the United States, had the temerity to resist a levy, and the aa mecges was, the loss of six men killed and two wounded. : They are prudent in their fe satapclael neyer taking so much from one man as to ruin him. mijo never permitted the inhabi- tants to war upon anne k thieves. The power he had of letting these. : people loose on the New Mexicans was the great secret of his ar- bitrary sway over a pile who hated and despised him. Any offender against Armijo was pretty sure to have a visit from the: Navajoes. I stopped at the little town of Isoletta, to visit my friend, the ° alcalde, who has the reputation, Indian though he be, of being the. most honest man and best maker of brandy in the territory. Mr. Stanly accompanied me, for the purpose of sketching one of the . women as a Specimen of the race. I told the alcalde our object, and soon a very beautiful woman made her appearance, perfectly conscious of the purpose for which her reschee as desired. Her first position wes exquisitely graceful, but the light did nct suit, and when Stanly ae be her position, the re of her atti- tude was gone We came down from the table lands through a ravine, where the lava, i in a seam of about six feet, overlaid soft sand-stone. the point of junction, the sand was but slightly colored. . The e lates was'cellular, and the holes so large that the hawks were buil ag az , “Tests in them t this ravine the Nayajoes descended when they made thé in t attack; at the same moment the volunteers were ascending other slope of the hill, on their way to garris n Cibolletta, - — * Las rs Sn | ee ae -< - bl “pay” ei 48 1 - October 1.—To-day, for the first time for six days, I was able’ , infusing the same tint over the land- crossed to Tomé, in search of some non-complying guides. We recrossed at Tomé, and measured the) section of the river. Accordingly, we found the Rio Grande del. ‘Norte, many hundred miles from its source, e | 30 yards wide. This section is about the same as at San Felippe and Santo Do- mingo. If to it we add the section of a stream of water carried _ off by two large zequias, each nine feet by two, we.shall have Ra estimate of the volume of water discharged by this famous) Tiver, for 150 miles, through the most populous and fertile part of - its valley. ¥ ve “Below Tomé, for a few miles, the valley widens, the-soil im) proves, and the cultivation is superior to any other art, particu-! larly that of the rancherias around the pleasant little village of a elen. } . te / i - October 8 morning we passed the Getty church in the, village of Sabinal, after which the settlements became very few! Ww camped opposite La Lloya, at the bend, where the low sand hills on either side seen. & us to we watchful of our animals, that fot! t night. -The incursions of ement and cultivation of this. Sea Pe. * : i ones | woe Se A ae gee ~ we yey es Valencia. New Mexico Ath. by FE Weber & Co Balto. I ss. , | “—e. ae a je. 49 ca eae 7 ae - " o. ee The sand bank, at the foot of which we are encamped, is filled with serpentine, harder th; . that which is dug in such quantities from the site of Fort Marcy, near Santa Fé. 2 ee Slee Now and then we came to spots from which the waters were pre- vented from escapin by the sand, and had evaporated, leaving sa- line incruStations; about these we found growing abundantly atriplex and salicornia. We found to-day: ly.cium in great abundance, senecis longilobus, *martynia proboscidea, (cuckold’s horns,) and a small shrub with October 3.—The wagons from the r not being up, we laid by all day, in hourly expectation of thei: aland an order to march. An express from Colonel Dr: ee came up, informing us of his arrival ne Yes a ‘ ae About 12 o’clock in the day, a Mexican came into camp, with his - horse foaming, to say that the Navajoes had made an attack on the town of Pulvidera. One company of dragoons was immediately despatched to ‘the place, about twelve miles distant. . is camp was one of the prettiest of the whole march, on the curve of the river, fringed with large cottonwoods growing at in- tervals. The air was mild and balsamic, the moon shone bri htly, and all was as still as death, except when a flock of geese or sand- . cranes were disturbed in their repose. Several large cat fish and oe sand-cranes and geese are found quietly feeding within gunshot dis- October 4.—The wagons mounted the sand hills with great diffi- culty. The river inpinges so close on the hills as to make it ne- cessary, on the western side, to mount the table lands. T 1ese pl. Teaching. to the base of the mountains, are of the same chi . heretofore mentioned, of rolling sand hills; covered with obior scens, prosopis glandulosa, (romeria,) riddellia tagetina, paga-paga ~an abundant shrubby plant, belonging to the family of the ama- tanths, but'a genus not yet described—a new dieteria, a new fallu- Sia, baileya multiradiata, abronia mellifera, and a few patches of grama. This last is the only nutriment the plains afford for horses and cattle; but mules and asses, when hard pressed, will eat the _ trato and the romeria. The chamisa grows to.a considerable height, © ~ and the stalk is sometimes two or three inches in diameter; a fire can be made of it sufficient to boil a kettle or roast anegg. To- by ea lava and trap, project from the east and west, closing the valley, Just leaving Sufficient space for the river to pass between. The é 3 4 See ee ee - Ma Rot Garden. i ae 2 ae te ee JU » river winds below in a beautiful semicircle, bending to the west. » - QOn-either side is excellent grass, inpaliel untouched, and shaded ~ by large cottonwoods. To the west, the hills of Pulvidera form an - amphitheatre. The whole picture, the loveliest I have seen in New: “Mexico, loses nothing by being projected, from where. we stood, against the red walls of the Sierra Grande, which extend from Zandia southward, dividing the waters of the Bscrco, of the east, from those of the Rio Grande. vee ‘i I longed to cross these mountains and explore the. haunts of the Apaches, and the hiding place of the Cone , and look’ up a nearer route home by the way of the Red river, which the hunters and yoyageurs all believe to exist. But onward for California was the word, and he who eviated from the trail of the army must expect a long journey for his jaded beast and several days’ separation from his baggage. We were not on an exploring expedition; war was the object; yet -we had now marched one thousand miles without fleshing a sabre. Arrived at the town of Pulvidera, which we found, as its name _implies, covered with dust, we received full accounts of the attack made on the town by the Apaches the day before. The dragoons arrived too late to render assistance. . About one hundred Indians, well mounted, charged upon the _ town and drove off all the horses and cattle of the place. The — terrified inhabitants fled to their mud houses, which they barricaded. The people of Lamitas, a town two miles below, came to the res- cue, and seized upon the pass between the Sierra Pulvidera and the Sierra Secoro. The Indians seeing their retreat with the cattle and goats cut off, fell to work like savages.as they were, killing as many of these as they could,and scampered off over the mountains and cliffs with the horses and mules, which they could more easily secure. I This same band entered the settlements some Ho ha eal when & Lad were marching on Santa Fé, and when Armijo ha “called all carried off fifteen or sixteen of the prettiest women. Women, when captured, are taken as wives by those who cap- ture them, but they are treated by the Indian wives of the capturers as slaves, and made to carry wood and water; if they chance to be pretty, or receive too much attention from their lords and masters; — _.they are, in the absence of the latter, unmercifully beaten and | _ otherwise maltreated. The most unfortunate thing which can befal a captive woman is to be claimed by two persons. In this case, she is either shot or delivered up for indiscriminate violence. hese banditti will not long rével*in scenes of plunder and vio- lence. . Yesterday Colonel Doniphan’s regiment was directed to march into their country and destroy it. One of their principal settlements, and farming establishments, is said to be nearly due west from here, about two days’ march;. the road leading through -the formidable pass above noted. < Yesterday and to-day we came across some unoccupied strips of _ ground. Their number yesterday -was.greater than to-day; for) — - gince we passed Pulvideray-the sandqhilig-encroach on the river and of the connie to its defence. In this foray, besides horses; Pp ee ee re a ag ee jhe % & * = oF leave the valley scarcely a mile wide. . The cottonwood, however, is getting more plentiful, and we have not been obliged to use the “bors de vache” in cooking for some days. a To-night I measured two sets, or 18 lunar distances, east and west. d, 12 altitudes of polaris, 10 of andromede, and 8 of alpha lyre, . ST he resulting latitude 34° 07’ 39". ; ‘Longitude 7h. OTm. 54s. " October 5.—Camp near Secoro.—Last night a Mexican came into camp, and said we should now leave the river and strike for the Gila, a a west. He was one of the men engaged by meas guide while o confused mass of volcanic rocks, traversed by walls of a reddish colored basalt and seams of porphyritic lava and metamorphic sand Stone. In one or two places, where the water had washed away the ut in some places : turbance. With th habitants, is prettily situated in the valley of the river which is _,ete almost circular, and about ‘three or five miles in diameter. € church, as usual, forms the salient point, which meets the eye ata great distance. ie The growth on the sand plains to-day was chiefly iodeodonda* ® writing the above, the following extract of a note from Dr. Torrey was received — -# Sine t x in reference to this plant, which is so remarkab e, and extends over so great a surface. OU rares @’Amerique.’. It is described by him as a new genus, under the name larrea. . Tt is Well figured in his 48th plate as.Larrea Mexicana. In its affinities it is allied to gulacum.” bie a - t * so oA Bl : ' de Fy eek “} ee © ered,” gp ee ae : = ae : € een : 52 usual growth’is the height of a man on horseback, and is the only ¥ . " ¢ or and a little stunted acacia. The iodeodonda is a new plant, very offensive to the smell, ind, when crushed, resembling kreosote. Its bush which mules will not eat when excessively hungry; besides _ this were varieties of ephedra, erytherca, helianthus petiolaris, and i { { “ ’ two well known and widely diffused grasses, the reed grass, anda , ‘short salty grass, uniola distichophylla. ' ; October 6.—It was determined to follow the river still farther down before turning west. Great difficulty was experienced in getting teams to assist us. The Mexicans we had engaged, asif by universal agreement, refused to go farther, alleging fear of the ~ Apaches; but the truth was they expected to extort money. In_ Armijo’s day, when a thing was wanted for government, it was taken. Our treatment turned their heads, and, like Jiberated slaves, there was no limit to their expectations and exactions. We used every eans to bring these people to reason, but finding them intractable, and that the progress of the army was arrested, the quartermaster, Major Swords, seized what wagons and animals were needed, and - paid a liberal price for them. ‘To our surprise they were perfectly enchanted at the whole business; first at being paid at all, but prin- . cipally at being relieved from the responsibility of deciding for themselves what they would take for the chattels. A likely boy who had been engaged to go to California as arriero, was to-day claimed by his creditor or master. He owed the man sixty dollars, and was by the law of the country paying this debt by serving at painter 0: on ptgnmnemrapieesstintinstamiesiaiaaeuninns ae gr genet two dollars per month; out of this he was to feed and clothe him- self, his master being sutler. It was plain he could not pay*his debt in his lifetime. When such debtors get old and unfit for labor, it is the custom to manumit them with great pomp and ceremony. This makes the beggars of the country. The poor debtors thus enthralled for life for a debt of sixty dollars are called peons, and constitute, as a class, the cheapest laborersin the world. The price of the labor for life of a man was,in the case we have stated, sixty dollars, without any expense of rearing and maintenance in infancy or old age, the wages covering only a sum -barely sufficient | most scanty supply of food and clothing. 4 I saw some objects perched on the hills to the wes! for the which were — Cee at first mistaken for large cedars, but dwindled by distance to 2 _ eye detected human figures Shel shrubbery. They came inand held a council, ignite eternal endship, as usual, no doubt with the mental reservation to rob the first American or Mexican they should meet unprotected. The women of this tribe rode ala Duchesse de Berri, and one of them had an infant, about two months old, swung in a wicker basket at her back. Their features were flat, and much more negro- : like than those of our fromtier Indians: a few Delawares in camp fe __ presented a strong contrast, in personal appearance and intelligence, with the smirking, deceitful looking Apache. Some of them had fire arms, but the greater part were armed with lance and bow. They were generally small legged, big bellied, and broad should-— , shrub. Chaboneau (one of our guides) exclaimed “Indians! There — are the Apaches.” His more practised eye nap per ee : psc ee ' « ie 4 = BAY, Sen Sate 53 | [7] "a i “f Came into camp late, and found Carson with an express from: ~ California, bearing intelligence that that country had surrendered » without a blow, and that the American flag floated inevery port. . . October 7.—Camp 68.—Two Mexicans deserted from my party” last night, frightened by the accounts of the hardships of the trip brought by Carson and his party. Yesterday’s news caused some . changes in our camp; one hundred dragoons, officered by Captain “Moore and Lieutenants Hammond and Davidson, with General Kearny’s personal staff, Major Swords, Captain Johnson, Captain Turner, adjutant general to the army of the west, Messrs. Carson and Robideaux, my own party, organized as before mentioned, and ~* afew hunters of tried experience, formed the party for California. _ Major Sumner, with the dragoons, was ordered to retrace his steps. Many friends here parted that were never to meet again, some fell | in California, some in New Mexico, and some at Cerro Gordo. Arrived in camp late, after a most fatiguing day, watching and di- recting the road for my overloaded and badly horsed wagon, I sat up until very late, making astronomical cbservations. e About two miles below the camp of last night, we passed the last settlement, and in about four miles left the beaten road, which 4 crosses the east side of the river, and thenceforth a new road awasto be explored. The land passed over to-day, although*unsettled, is incomparably the best in New Mexico; the valley is broader, the — soil firmer, and the growth of timber, along.the river, larger and more dense. ; The ruins of one or two deserted modern towns, probably Val- verde, and remains of ditching, for irrigation, were passed to-day. , The frequent incursions of the Indians are’said to cause tlre deser- tion of this part of the valley. _ As we approached our camp, the lofty range of mountains sweep- ing to the northwest, around the head of the Gila, became un- ~ masked, at the same moment that the Puerco range showed them- selves on thé eastern.side of the river Del Norte, stretching boldly and ¥ away to thesouth. This last ridge of mountains is to the d altogether distinct from that commencing at Zandia, and ing off to the south close to the river. ive heretofore revelled in the perfect stillness and quietude of 1 scenery of New Mexico; yesterday and to-day have ptions, for the wind has been very high from the south, and the dust overwhelming. i Computed to-day the height of the Secoro mountain to be 2,700. feet above the level of the plain. Several officers guessed at the height of the mountain, and the mean of all the guesses was 1,20U feet, and the distance of the peak only two anda half miles, while it _ _ Was, in fact, upwards of four miles. He who attempts to re kon | * the height and distance of hills in this pure, dr¥ atmosphere, after coming from ours, will always fall as much short of the mark.* — One or two large white cedars were seen to-day, and, in addition * Attention i gi i ndix. A wonderful di ence between the thermomeley and wet balb will there be seeu, showing the dryness of atmosphere. = 3 . Tt | | 54 ae rs Longitude of this camp, 18 observations, east and west stars, * October 8.—Camp 69:—The valley of the Del Norte, aswe advance, — . loses what little capacityfor agriculture it possessed. The rive commences to gather its feeble force into the smallest compass to — work its way around the western base of Fra Cristobal mountam. The Chihuahua road runs on the eastern side, and that part of it > * vegetation, all totally different from that of the United States. To- 4 a i i _- The table lands, reaching to the base of the mountains to the west, are of sand and large, round pebbles, terminating in_ steep classify them. a : : : _ seams of basalt. Some curious specimens of soft sand stone were ~ Seen to day, of all shapes and forms, from a batch of rolls to@ 5 boned ‘turkey. sles # mits/by basalt, ngperleyed by sand stone. . ee I shot two or three quails, (ortiz squamosa?) differing from ne » iv their plumage, but entirely similar to them in their habits. : __ also killed a hawk resembling, in all respects, our sparrow-hawty _ sexcept in the plumage, which, like the quail, was that of the Jand- - -seape, lead colored® eee ee _ Game in New Mexico is almost extinct, if it ever existed to @0y extent. To-day we saw afew black tailed rabbits, and last Bight — Stanly killed a common Virginia deer, ; ee es Three distinct ranges of mountains, on the west side of the rively . are in view to-day, running apparently northwest and nearly par- | allel to each other. The lesser range coinwences at Secoro; the, ! =: ’ | -: 7 eC th e ° oo ig o rat) 5 i=) GQ (a>) 3 co ° Lary a a fas) a8 5 fake ot * Qu M a ~ a om mm ~ ~ S j~ + a 4 ° 4 i=] > | =] ° ot _ 5 ° a nad o” fa?) ne} Ss bo J is) o- pest sig lar — ee wn i=] =, + i) “3 5S °o 2) =) boy — ° c ee] a. ae oa @ > 5B =) =I mn B a) N ier) oll ye © io) os ° o = puso {© — oo my ee (a>) fo = 9 nm as 5 are gQ ee at o i) OF (as) ot ° om n @ Lox J < =) bw - h ° |=] m o La | —s ~ reas -* = Qu fae] “ az wake till broad daylight. In the afternoon there was a thunder- storm to the west, which swept around towards the north, where it. thundered and lightened till nearly 9 o’clock. The country passed over in the first part of to-day was. beautiful in the extreme; a . succession of high, rolling hills, with mountains in the distance. — The soil rich, and waving with grama. The latter part was more barren, and covered with artemisias. _ The spring of San Lucia, 13} miles from the copper mines, very large and impregnated with sulphur, is in a beautiful valley, sur- rounded, at the distance of ten or fifteen miles, with high moun- 4 tains. This was the place appointed for meeting the Apaches, at * 11, a. m.; but arriving at 12, and not finding them as we expected, * and the grass all eaten up, we moved on to Night creek, making 30 miles. We halted at night on unknown ground, by the side of acreek, so miry that the mules, some of which had not drunk since morn- — : ing, refused to approach it. It was dark; many of the men mistook the trail and got on the wrong side of the treacherous creek. The s mules begun to bray for water, and the men to call out for their — messmates; all were in confusion. My thoughts of last night came vividly to my mind, as I heard the voice of my chronometer man on the other side, asking to be shown the way across. I sent him word to retrace his steps two or three miles. sal The assembly call was sounded, which seemed to settle all things; and, as far as the clouds would allow me, I obtained observations. This is only the second time since leaving the 100th degree of longitude that I have been interrupted by clouds in my observa- 1ons. Nothing has been heretofore more rare than to see the heavens ~ * Overcast. : 7 * : ‘e < ee . yom ei a Ane laycap An Apache has just come’in, and says the people who agreed to = \ ce TS a a er “wees of + Py ; eae ote oye ey WN meets, a é meet us at the spring yesterday are coming on with some mules to. trade. - Three miles from the camp of laste night we had reached the ‘‘divide,”’ and from that point the descent was regular and con- tinuous to Night creek. The ravines on eitherside of the “divide” are covered with fragments of blue limestone and rich specimens of the magnetic oxides of iron. October 20.—My curiosity was excited to see by daylight howmy camp was disposed and what sort of place we were in. It was quite certain the broad, level valley we had been traveling the last few miles was narrowing rapidly, by the intrusion of high -precipices; and the proximity of great mountains in confused masses indicate some remarkable change in the face of the country. e were, in truth, but a few miles from the Gila, which I was no less desi- rous of seeing than the Del Norte. ° The general sent word to the Apaches he would not start till 9 or 10. This gave them time to come in, headed by their chief, Red Sleeve. They swore eternal friendship to the whites, and-everlast-_ ing hatred to the Mexicans., The Indians said that one, two or’ three white men might now pass in safety through their country; that if they were hungry, they would feed them; or, if on foot, 4 mount them. The road was open to the American now and forever. = Carson, with a twinkle of his keen hazel eye, observed to me, “I ? would not trust one of them.’ The whole camp was now busily engaged in attempting to trade. The Indians. had mules, ropes, whips and mezcal. We wished to get a refit in all save the mezcal, offering to give in exchange red shirts, blankets, knives, needles, thread, handkerchiefs, &c., &c.; but these people had such extravagant notions df our wealth, it was | impossible to make any progress. At length the call of ‘*boots and. “saddles” sounded. The order, quickness and quietude of our move- - ments seemed to impress them. One of the chiefs, after eyeing the general with great apparent admiration, broke out in a vehement “mamner: “You have taken New Mexico, and will soon take Cali- . fornia; go, then, and take Chihuahua, Durango and Sonora. We will help you. You fight for land; we care nothing for land; we fight for the laws of Montezuma and for food. The Mexicans are:°ras- -eals; we hate and will kill them all.” There burst out the smothered _ fire of three hundred years! Finding we were more indifferent ‘them, and many of than they supposed to trade, and that the column was in motion, ecame at once eager for traffic. E Fi ey had seen some trumpery about my cam p which please collected there. My packs were made. One of my gentlest mules at that moment took tright, and went o like a rocket on the back trail, scattering to the right and left all- ~who opposed-him. A large, elegant looking woman, mounted a -s straddle, more valiant than the rest, faced the brute and charged _ upon him at full speed. This turned his course back to the camp; _ and I rewarded her by half a dozen biscuit, and through her inter- i vention, succeeded in trading two broken down mules for two Mouth of Night creek Lith vy Weber & Co: Balto all ; a * oe ‘ei . ‘good ones, giving two yards of scarlet cloth in the bargain. By this time a large number of@Indians had collected about us, all dif- ferently dressed, and some in the most fantastical style. The Mexican dress and saddles predominated, showing where they had chiefly made up their wardrobe. One had a jacket made of a Henry Clay flag, which aroused unpleasant sensations, for the acquisition, , no doubt, cost one of our countrymen his life. Several wore beau- tiful helmets, decked with black feathers, which, with the short _ shirt, waist belt, bare legs and buskins gave them the look of pic- tures of antique Grecian warriors. Most were furnished with the ~ Mexican cartridge box, which consists of a strap round the waist, with cylinders inserted for the cartridges. These men have no fixed homes. Their houses are of twigs, © made easily, and deserted with indifference. They hover around * the beautiful hills that overhang the Del Norte between the dist and 32d parallels of latitude, and look down upon the States of — Chihuahua and Sonora; and woe to the luckless company that ven- tures out unguarded by a strong force. Their hills are covered with luxuriant grama, which enables them to keep their horses in ' fine order, so that they can always pursue with rapidity and retreat © — with safety. The light and graceful manner in which they mounted * and dismounted, always upon the right side, was the admiration of all. The children are on horseback from infancy. There. was amongst them a ‘poor deformed woman, with legs and arms no “longer than an infant’s. I could not learn her history, but she had melancholy cast of countenance. She.was well mounted, and _ othe gallant manner in which some of the plumed Apaches waited — on her, for she was perfectly helpless when dismounted, made it hard for me to believe the tales of blood and wice told of these .. people. She asked for water, and one or two were at: her. side; ® one handed it to her in a tin wash basin, which, from its size, was. the favorite drinking cup. ’ 2 e wended our way through the narrow valley of Night creek. On each side were huge stone buttes shooting up into the skies. ~_ At one place we were compelled to mount one of these spurs ” almost perpendicular. This gave us an opportunity of seeing what a mule could do. My conclusion was, from what I saw, that they could climb nearly as steep a wall asa cat. A pack slipped from Se a mule, and, though not shaped favorably for the purpose, rolled: — entirely to the base of the hill, over which the mules had'climbed. "— A good road was subse uently found turning the spur and fol- _ lowing the ne until it debouched into the Gila, which was only — 4 } a mile distant. ° es yards before reaching this river the roar of its — waters made us understand that we were to see something different : . from the Del Norte. Its section, where we struck it, (see she:m@eP>) < 4,347 feet above the sea, was 00 feet wide and an average of two- feet deep. (Clear and swift, it came bouncing from the great moun- © tains which appeared to the north about 60 mules distant. sWe = crossed the river, its large round pebbles and swift current caus- — ing the mules to tread wearily. se «alin 25 Rah = * gt are oe " . ae “4 kak | Ee <% ‘ € We followed its course, and encamped under a high range of symmetrically formed hills overhangin@#the river. Our camp resem- bled very much the centre of a yard of huge stacks. We heard the fish playing in.the water,:and soon those who were disengaged were after them. At first it was supposed they were the mountain trout, but, being comparatively fresh from the hills of | Maine, I soon saw the difference. The shape, general appearance, and the color are the same; ata little distance, you will imagine the fish covered with delicate scales, but on a closer examination you will find that they are only the impression of scales. The meat is soft, something between the trout and the cat-fish, but more like the latter. They are in great abundance. ~ e saw here also, in great numbers, the blue quail. The bottom of the river is narrow, covered with large round pebbles. The growth of trees and weeds was very luxuriant; the trees chiefly cotton-wood, a new sycamore, mezquite, pala, (the tallow tree of our hunters,) a few cedars, and one or two larch. There were some — grape and hop vines. : 16 circum-meridian observations beta aquarii; and 9 of polaris, _ give the latitude of this camp 32° 50’ 08”. Its approximate longi- “tude is 108° 45’ 00”. October 21.—After going a few miles, crossing and recrossing | the river a dozen times, it was necessary to leave its bed to avoid eco. This led us over a very broken country, traversed b huge dykes of trap and walls of basalt. The ground was literally covered with the angular fragments of these hard rocks. . rom one of these peaks we had an extended view of the country - * 4n all directions. The mountains run from northwest to southeast, Bs: Mea rise abruptly from the plains in long narrow ridges, resembling _ trap dykes on a great scale. These chains seem to terminate at a _ certain distance to the south, leaving a level road, from the Del Norte about the 32d parallel of latitude, westward to the Gila. These observations, though not conclusive, agree with the reports _ of the guides, who say Colonel Cooke will have no difficulty with chi wagons. a2. 4 ‘he mountains were of volcanic rock of various colors, feld- me spathic granite, and red sand stone, with a dip to the northwest, huge hills of'a conglomerate of angular and rounded fragments of _ quartz, basalt, and trap cemented by.a substance that agrees well '_-with the description I have read of the puzzolana of Rome. _. The earth in the river bed, where it was not paved with the frag- ments of rocks, was loose, resembling volcanic dust, making it - unsafe to ride out of the beaten track. A mule would sometimes . sink to his knee; but the soil was easily packed, and three or four il. * mules in advance made a good firm trail This was.a hard’ day on the animals, the steep ascents and - ¢ Yen _ descents shifting the packs, and cutting them dreadfully. “ The a did not reach camp at-all. pee ae = CA few pounds of powder would blast the projections of rock _ from the cafion, and make it passable for packs, and possibly for gwagons also. The ‘route upon which the ragpu sire to follow is, ( ’ | ana ~ Se SS cenieerrienieeeeeel vcs eesti seman, _gutiuimeamamaaaaiassaasin age lly erogliphie Lith. by F..Weber & Co Bale? = e ‘* ~~, pene a bes new and beautiful varieties of the cactus. uate hy - ; Meine. .. 2. a | 63 : ee < : Tae however, to the south of this. Under this date, in the catalogue of plants wi:l be found many differing from those heretofore observed; amongst them the zanschneria Californica, also a new shrub with an edible nut, a grass allied to the grama, Adam’s needle, artemisia cana, and many varieties of mez quite. October 22.—The howitzers came up about nine o’clock, having, ” in the previous day’s work, their shafts broken, and, indeed, every-- — thing that was possible to ‘break about them. We again left the river to avoid a caiion, which I examined in several places, and saw no obstacles to a good road. The caiion was formed by a seam’ ee of basalt, overlaying limestone sand-stone in regular strata. Through these the river cuts its w Mary deep arroyos have paid tribute to the Gila, but in none have -we yet found water. Following the bed of one "of these, to exa- . mine the eccentric geological formatioi Apr pepee I found un- known characters written on a rock, | opies of which were made, but their antiquity is questionable. ~~ ‘ ere now fast approaching the srotid where rumor and the maps of the day place the ruins of the so called Aztec towns. This gave the’ characters alluded to additional interest; they were in- dented on a calcareous sandstone rock, chrome colored on the out- side, presenting a perfectly white fracture. a ge them very conspicuous, and easily seen from a distance coloring mat- ter of the’external face of the. rock may proceed from water, as there was above the characters a distinct rate line, and every ap- a that th pearee pe st more than once b n the scene of over- = 4 4 % e Decl nae a “bluff. hi above the river, in view e a- rock < which we named, from its general appearance, Steeple roc _Latitude of Sub camp to-night ) by 17 circum- -meridian stad i SB! 33" 7' 30’. amp, and we expected for the first time since leaving Santa re, (a 4 month to-morrow,) to have a sprinkle of rain; but, at 9 this morn- | ing, the clouds had all been chased away, and the sun Be e up in as possession of all above the horizon, The atmos- a phere | resumed its dryness and elas ea and ‘at aight abe stars looked brighter, and the depth of. paces between greater, ; than ever. The changes of temperature are very great, owing to the distance . a from the influence, of large masses of water, and, if they were 4 4 companied by corresponding changes: in humidity, they would insupportable. Last night we went to bed with thermometer at — 70° Fahrenheit, and awakened this .morning shivering, the ther- mometer marking 25°; yet, g rifesoertiag a) our blankets were as dry as though we nadatlibe t in a house eo The table land, 150 feet above the river, was covered — 80 - thick with large paving pebbles, as.to make it difficult to get a o smooth place to lie u cad vale : The growth of to 7 , ai yesterday, on the hills and in the val 2 leys, very much Fesnbles that on the Del Norte, the only exeep- $ a ” re : - Ag 3 * F ; * ‘ i ‘> ah : ': +. cee e+ © | leaving our last night’s camp, for a mile, the general appearance, width of the valley, and soil, much resemble the most fertile parts of that river. This, $o far, has decidedly the best soil, and the fall of the river being greater, makes it more easy to irrigate. _ To-day we passed one of the long sought ruins. -I examined it ' minutely, and the onty evidences of handicraft remaining, were _ immense quantities ef broken pottery, extending for two miles along the river. There were a great many stones, rounded by at- trition of the water, scattered about; and, if they had not occa- sionally been disposed in lines forming rectangles with each other, the supposition would be, that they had been deposited there by natural causes. October 24.—To-day we laid by to recruit. Although thetmoon a . Was not in a favorable position, I availed myself of the opportunity. to get a few lunar distances. 18 circum-meridian altitude of beta aquarll, and 12 altitudes of polaris, give for the latitude of the “place 32° 44’ 52”, and 8 distances between q and Fomalhaut give for the longitude 109° 22/00”. We feasted to-day on the blue quail and teal, and at night Stanly came in with a goose. “ Signs” of beaver and deer were very distinct; these, with the wolf, con- stitute the only animals. yet traced on the river : = ~” _ October 25.—The general character of the country is much the * same a§ before represented; but towards camp, it broke into irreg- * ular and fantastic looking mountains. A rose-colored tint was im- "parted to the whole landscape, by the predominance of red feld- spar. The road became broken and difficult as_ t wound its way around two short caifions. = 3 : : ah 4 * were now in the regions made'famous in olden times by the fables of Friar Marcos, and eagerly did we ascend every mound, ex- pecting to see in the distance what I fear is but the fabulous ‘ Casa _ Montezuma.” Once, as we turned a sharp hill, the bold outline of _@ Castle presented itself, with the tops of the walls horizontal, the corners vertical, and apparently one front bastioned. . y com- * panion agreed with me that we at last. beheld this famed building; zuma, . “i = , The name, at this moment, is as familiar to every Indian, Puebla, Apache, and Navajoe, as that of our Saviour or Washington is to us. In the person of Montezuma, they ‘unite both qualities of di- _Yinity and patriot, =. e both \ Ein a a A a : ee a 4 ; ug 2 a i og oe rid : ¥ at ° oe ec a be et f U : i? * | Lay We passed to-day the ruins of two more villages similar to those of yesterday. The foundation of the largest house seen yesterday was 60 by 20 feet; to-day, 40 by 30. About none did we find “any vestiges of the mechanical arts, except the pottery; the stone forming the supposed foundation was round and unhewn, and some cedar logs were also found about the houses, much decayed, bear- ing no mark of an edged tool. Except these ruins, of which not one stone remained upon another, no’marks of human hands or foot- step have been visible for many. days, until to-day we came upon a place where there had been an extensive fire. _ Following the course of this fire, as it bared the ground of the shrubbery, and ex- posed the soil, &c., to view, I found what was to us a very great vegetable.curiosity, a cactus, 18 inches high, and 18 inches in its _ greatest diameter, containing 20 vertical volutes, armed with stron Ea 1 spines. When thetraveller is parched with thirst, one of these, split . open, will give sufficient liquid to afford relief. Several ‘of these cacti were found nearly torn from the earth, and lying in the dry bed of a stream. : These and the mezquite, acacia, prosopis odorata, and prosopis glandulosa, now form the principal growth. Under th name mez- quite, the yoyageur com rises all the acacia ‘and prosopis family. ~ Last night, about nine o’clock, I heard the yell of a wolf, resem- bling that. of a four months’ old pup. In a few minutes-there was a noise like distant thunder. ‘Stampede !? shouted a fellow, and in an instant e F rush they had ‘broken. every rope; and this morning, when we atarte®, one of our mules was missing, which gave us infinite a lazo, as its title. It was settled to the satisfaction of the first. The mule was one which Carson had left on’his way out, and on : 1g to be useful in packing, and as we now had plenty of beef, it would. . October 26.—Soon after leaving camp, the banks of the river be- _ had made sixteen miles ue we again descended to it. This dis- tance occupied eight and a. 4 and misery to our best mules. Some did not reach camp 4 and when the day dawned one or two, who had lost their way : seen un the side of the mountain, within a few steps OF a high p cipice, from which it required some skill to extricate them. * * - wg 3 oe us pips Ee < e Sg te We te $3 Sree ee te as eer | The _ “the Devil’s turnpike,” and I see no reason to va 3 es = “ cin <9 a f ie os ay es gold. Itssands are said to be full of this precious metal. A few ad- - yenturers, who ascended this river hunting beaver, washed the sands - at night when they halted, and were richly rewarded for their trouble. _ Tempted by their success, they made a second trip, and were at- ~ tacked and most of them killed bf the Indians. My authority for this statement is Londeau, who, though an illiterate man, is truthful. _ October 27.—After yesterday’s work we were obliged to lay by to-day. The howitzers came up late in the afternoon. They are - -gmall, mounted on wheels ten feet in circumference, which stand apart about three feet, and with the assistance of men on foot, are any place a mule can gc Se ~ oA attitude of defence. I threw a pebble at. them, and it would be hard to imagine, concentrated in so small a space, so much expres-. _ sion of defiance, rage, and ubility to do mischief, as the tarantula presents.” “ Our camp was near an old Apache camp. The carcasses of cattle in every direction betokened it to have been the scene of a festival after one of their forays into the Spanish territory. The Gila at this place is much swollen by the affluence of the ~ three streams just mentioned, and its cross section here is about 70 feet by 4. The waters change their color, and are slightly tainted with salt; indeed, just below our camp there came from the side of * an impending mountain, a spring so highly charged with salt as to be altogether unpalatable. Several exquisite ferns were plucked at the spring, and a new green-barked acacia, covering the plains above the river bed, but vegetation generally was very scarce; this is the first camp since leaving the Del Norte, m which we have not had good grass. . t 8h. 40m., a meteor of surpassing splendor started under con- ‘stellation lyra, about 20 degrees above the horizon, and went off towards the south, projected against a black cloud. : The clouds interfered with my observations; but such as they were, 12 altitudes of polaris, 9 of alpha andromeda, and 9 of alpha lyre, and 16 distances between the > and alpha pegasi, gave the latitude of the camp 32° 53’ 16”, and'the longitude 109° 31’ 34”. October 28.—One or two miles’ ride, and we were clear of the lack mountains, and again in the valley of the Gila, which wi- dened out gradually to the base of Mount Graham, abreast of which we encamped. Almost for the whole distance, twenty miles, were found atintervals the remains of houses like those before described: ~ Just before reaching the base. of Mount Graham, a wide valley, _ Smooth and level, comes in from the south-east. Up this valley are — trails leading to San Bernadino, Fronteras and Tucsoon. Here also the trail by the Ojo Cavallo comes in turning the southern abut-. ments of the’ Black mountains, along which Capt. Cook is to come with his wagons. : i ie: t the junction of this valley with the Gila are the ruins of a large settlement. I found traces of a circular wall 270 feet in cir- cumference. Here also was one circular enclosure of 400 yards. This must have been for defence. In one segment was a trian-- — gular shaped indenture, which we supposed to be a well. Large. mezquite now grow in it, attesting its antiquity. Most of the houses are rectangular, varyin from 20 to 100 feet front; many were ~ of the form of the present Spanish houses, thus: ; eR Bas a oe. i [7] ee Red cedar posts were found in many places, which seemed to _ detract from their antiquity, but for the peculiarity of this climate, where vegetable matter seems never to decay. In vain did we search for some remnant which would enable us‘to connect the in- habitants of these long deserted buildings with other races. No mark of an edge tool could be found, and no remnant of any house- hold or family utensils, except the fragments of pottery which ~ were every where strewed on the plain, and the rude corn grinder ae Ngee & a . z « - where there were marks ee : still used by the Indians. So great was the quantity of this pot- tery, and the extent of ground covered by it, that I have formed the idea it must have been used for pipes to convey water. There were about the ruins quantities of the fragments of agate and obsi- . dian, the stone described by Prescott as that used by the Aztecs to cut out the hearts of their victims. This valley was evidently once the abode of busy, hard-working, people. Who were they? where have they gone? Tradition amtong the Indians and Spaniards does not reach them. i I do not think it improbable that these ruins may be those of comparatively modern Indians,* for Venegas says: ‘‘ The ‘father Jacob Sedelmayer, in October, 1744, set out from his mission, (Tu- -butuma,) and, after travelling 80 leagues, reached the Gila, where he found six thousand Papagos, and near the same number of Pimos and Coco Maricopas;” and the map which he gives of this country, although very incorrect, represents many Indian settlements and missions on this river. is observations, however, were confined to that part of the Gila river near its mouth Great quantities of green-barked acacia on the table lands, and also the chamiza, wild sage and mezquite; close to the river, cot- ton wood and willow. We found, too, amongst many other plants, the eriodictyon Californicum, several new grasses, and a sedge, very few of which have been seen on our journey. 5 e saw the trail of cannon up the valley very distinct; that of -2n expedition from Sonora against the Indians, which was:imade @ few years since, without achieving any results. . on _" Wherever the river made incisions, was discoverable a me!a- morphic, close grained, laminated sandstone, and in many places were seen buttes of vitrified quartz, (semi-opal- . the soil appeared good, but, for whole acres, not the sign of vege- tation was to be seen. rass was at long intervals, and, when found, burned to cinder. A subterraneous stream flowed at the foot of Mount Graham, and fringed its base withevergreen. Every where t of flowing water, yet vegetation was so scarce and erisp that it would be difficult to imagine a drop of water had fallen since last winter. — The whole plain, from 3 to 6 miles. wide, is within the level of the waters of the Gila, and might easily be irrigated, as it no doubt’ was by the former tenants of these ruined houses. ine : iy. bag __* Since these notes were written, a very interesting letter was received from the venera- ble Mr. Gallatin connected with the histo i ‘ , in e Be foand i the Appendix. . = : ie > F ee hci in iy py a ee ee a Ee Ce . ee _ October 29,—The dust was kneé deep in the rear of our trail; " ? ry of these ruins. The letter, ng my reply, will ° - aa ‘ back part of the spine is carefully . bn — 69 ‘ial ee The crimson tinted Sierra Carlos skirted the river on the north side the: whole day, and its changing profiles formed subjects of study and amusement. Sometimes we could trace a Gothic steeple; then a horse; now an old woman’s face; and, again, a veritable steamboat; but this required tlie assistance of a light smoky cloud, — drifting to the east, over what represented the chimney stack. Wherever the river abraded its banks, was seen, in horizontal strata, a yellowish argillaceous limestone. October 30.—Mount Turnbull, terminating in a sharp cone, had been in view down the valley of the river for three days. To-da about three o’clock, p. m., we turned its base forming the northern terminus of the same chain, in which is Mt. Graham : ‘Half a mile from our camp of last night was another very large ‘ruin Which appeared, as well as I could judge, (my view being ob- structed by the thick growth of mezquite,) to have been the abode of five or ten thousand souls. The outline of the buildings andthe | pottery presented né essential difference from those already de- scribed. But about eleven miles from the camp, on a knoll, over= looked in a measure by a tongue of land, I found the trace of a solitary house, somewhat resembling that of a field wotk en cremal- ¥ liére. The enclosure was complete, and the faces varied from i ten to thirty feet. The ac ying cut will give a more accurate idea than words. ; wild hogs, and this morning we started on their trail, but. flesh had now become so precious that we could not afford to fol- — ~ about 100. pounds, and their color epsaget OS ay pepper and salt. e+ Their flesh is said to be palatable, ‘a q rey 70 Many ‘fresh signs’? of Indians were seen, but, as on previous days, we could not catch a glimpse of them. They carefully avoid- ed us. This evening, however, as Robideaux unarmed was riding in advance, he emerged suddenly from acayity in the ground, thickly . masqued by mezquite. He had discovered two Indians on horse back within twenty yards of him. The interview was awkward to both parties, but Robideaux was soon relieved by the arrival of the head’of our column. The-Indians were thrown into the greatest consternation; they were tolerably mounted, but escape was hope- ~ less. wo more miserable looking objects I never beheld; their legs, (unlike the Apaches we left behind) were large and muscular, but their faces and bodies (for they were naked,) were one mass of Sg of expressing joy,) we left them and their horses untouche They were supposed by some to be the Cayotes, a branch of .the Apaches, but Londeau thought they belonged to the tribe of Trem- blers, who-acquired their name from their emotions at meeting’ the whites. Observed to-night 12 altitudes of polaris for latitude, and mea- sured 9 lunar distances for longitude. © Lat. 33° 12°10”. Long. 110° 20’ 46”. A) is) ch ° o~ o 8 Ww — a ? Qu rt) tat 4 fa*) = @ by oO a ymed ‘to another sad disap- sco about noon, we unsaddled ci * Sai - ie ; oe as ee ae I ee ee aay ae a ee ~ ee and infinitely better Sliced. than those we met yes- terday, resembling strongly the Apaches of the copper mines, and like them decked in the plundered garb of the Mexicans The. day passed, but no Indians came; treacherous shesabe bay » they expect treachery in others. At ev erlasting war with the rest of mankiad, they kill at sight all who fall in their power. The conduct of the Mexicans to them is equally bad, for they decoy and kill the Apaches whenever they can. The former Governor of Sonora. employed a bold and intrepid Irishman, named Kirker, to hunt the Apaches He had in his employment whites and Delaware Indians, and was allowed, besides a per diem, $100 per scalp, and $25 for a prisoner. A story is also told of dne Johnson, an Eng- lishman, an Apache trader, who, allured by the reward, induced a number of these people to come to his camp, and placed a barrel of flour for them to help themselves; when the crowd was thickest | of me eh women, and children, he fired a six ponndet amongst them from a ‘concealed place and killed great number %. 13 circum-meridian altitudes of beta eae oP altitude of» polaris give the’ latitude of this camp 33° 14’ 29’. The lon by 12 lunar distancés E. and W. is 110° 30° 24". 4 Novem er 1.—No alternative seemed to offer but to pursue a ae son’s old trail sixty miles over a rough country, without water, and two, if-not three days’ journey. Under this, in their shattered condition, our mules must sink. We followed the Gila river six or seven miles, when it became necessary to leave it, how long _ _ Was uncertain. Giving our animals a bite of the luxurious grama on the river banks, we filled every vessel capable of holding water, 4 and commenced the jornada. The ascent was very rapid, the hills Steep, and the — insecure. After travelling five or six me) Meet with water again Bt ook advantage of the early halt to cend, with the barometer, a very high peak overhanging the camp, which I took to be the loftiest in the Pifion Lano range on the wee side of the Gila. Its approximate height was only 5,724 feet above the -sea. The view was very extensive; rugged mountains bounded the entire _ horizon. Very far to the northeast was a haa of mountains covered with snow, but I could not decide whether it was the range on the east side of the Del Norte or the Sierras Mimbres. Near the top of this peak the mezcal grew in abundance, and with the we 4 of one 25 feet long we erected a flag-s staff. Here too we - u d uge masses of the conglomerate before described, ‘appare a 3 it had been aerapted in rolling: from an. impending heights but vening ravines were deep. Lower down we found a large mass of *, . -™Mahy thousand tons of the finer pecometie, the. apepeee of a trun- re ; mT eS 42 ’ cated pyramid standing on its smallest base. If appeared so nicely balanced, a feather might have overthrown #. A well levelled seat of large slabs of red ferruginous sand-stone altered by heat indi- » cated we'were not on untrodden ground. It was the watch-tower of the Apache; from it he could track the valley of the Gila beyond the base of Mount Graham. © At the point where we left the Gila, there stands a cactus six feet in circumference, and so high I could not reach half way to the top of it with the point of my sabre by many feet; and a short distance up the ravine is a grove of these or pitahaya, much larger than the one I measured, and with Jarge branches. These plants bear a saccharine fruit much prized by the Indians and Mexicans. “ They are without leaves, the fruit growing to the boughs. The fruit resembles the burr of a chesnut and is full of prickles, but the ', pulp resembles that of the fig, only more soft and luscious,” In some it is white, in some red, and in others yellow, but always of pee rite taste. sc ee sake A new shrub bearing a delicious nutritious nut and in sufficient abundance to form an article of food for the Apaches. Mezcal and - the fruit of the agave Americana, and for the first time arctosta- _ phylos pungens. ‘Two or three new shrubs and flowers. The formation near the mouth of the San Francisco is diluvion, * Movember 2.—The call to water sounded long before day-light, | Se mR camp, the horses were grazing on the hill side still beyond ant efore I could loosen a the mules. ‘’To arms” was shouted, and befor e in full run to the scene ~ ol from the holster my little party wer of alarm, each with his rifle. On turning the hill we found the _ horses tranquilly grazing, but the hill overlooking them was lined with horsemen. - As we advanced, one of the number hailed us in _ Spanish, saying he wished to have “a talk.” They were Apaches, and it had been for some time our earnest ~ desire to trade with them, and hitherto we had been unsuccessful. “ One of you put down your rifle and come to us,” said the Span- : ish-tongued Indian. Londean, my employé before-mentioned, im- : mediately complied, I followed; but before reaching half-way up _ the steep hill, the Indian espied in my jacket the handle of a large _ horse pistol. He told me I must put down my pistol before he _ would meet me. I threw it aside and proceeded to the top of the _ hill, where, although he was’ mounted and surrounded by six or gl of his own men armed with rifles and arrows, he received me cal View of Mt. Graham. t th. by EF Weber & Co Balto Contmuet. siganteus Cereus | ee: br cg [7 1 with great sgitebitigy ‘The talk was long and tedious. I exhausted : every argument to induce him to e into camp.. His pri ngpe fear seemed to be the howitzers, which recalled at once to my mind ihe story I had heard of the»massacre by Johnson. At last a bold _ young fellow tired of the parley threw down hiseifle, and with a “step that Forrest in "Metatiiors might have envied, strode off to- wards camp, piloted by Carson. We were about to follow, when the chief informed us it would be more agreeable to him if we re- mained until his warrior returned. The ice was now broken, most of them =e that their comrade head, but true of heart.’’ . Presents were « sssnibated they promised a guide to pilot us over the mountain, fi istant, to a spring with plenty of good grass, where the’ Scone o meet us mext day with 100 mules. é : The mezcal flourishes here; odied at intorzale of a half amile or so we found several artificial craters, into which the Indians throw ny fruit, with heated stones, to remove the shorp thorns and re- duet it to its saccharine state. Observed last night for latitude and time, an our position i is ing: latitude 33° 14’ 54’, longitude 110° 45’ 06". Our camp was on n the the head of a creek ‘whieh, after running in a faint stream one bun- dred yards, disappeared Belew the surface of the earth. On its margin grew a species of ash unknown in the United States, and the California plane tree, which is also distinct in species from our sycamore. * ; November 3.—Our expectations were again disappointed, the In- . dians came, but only seven mules were the result of the days? la- bor, not a tenth of the number absolutely required. . Our visiters to-day presented the same motley sroup we hay always found the Apaches. Amongst them was a middle-aged wo- man; whose garrulity and interference in every trade. was the an- noyance of ee. Swords, who had charge of the trading, but the amusement of th A by-standers. : She had on a gauze-like dress, trimmed with the ahanl and most — costly Brussels em pillaged no doubt from some fandango-going “ belle of Sonora; she straddled a fine grey horse, and whenever her _ blanket dropped from her shoulders, her tawny form could be seen through the transparent gauze. After she had sold her mule, she Was.anxious to sell her horse, and careered about to show his quali- ties* Atone time she charged at full speed wpa steep hill. In this,” the fastenings of her dress broke, and her bare back was €xp: the crowd, who ungallantly raised. a shout of laughter. N - daunted, she wheeled short round with surprising dexteril » Seeing the mischief done, coolly slipped .the,dress from ar and tucked it between her seat and it saddle. In this stat : ‘ nudity she rode through camp, knoll re t¢ Ee until, at. last, at- taining the object of her apibition, & a soldier’s red flannel shirt, she made her adieu in that new costum A boy about 12 years of age, afte uncommon 1 beauty, was among aa Pag Po Ba ee gee - ’ = a . nies 5 i eel : as = = gol = a a ie d aS : 2 | aa “a. . ‘4 : our visiters. Happy, cheerful, and contented, he was consulted in every trade, and seemed am idol with the Apaches. It required little penetration to trace his. origin from the same land as the gauze of the old woman. We tried to purchase him, but he said it was long, long, since he was captured, and that he had no desire to leave his master who, he was certam, would not sell him for any money. All attempts were vain, and the lad seemed gratified both at the offer to purchase, and the refusal to sell. ere we found the mountains chiefly of red ferruginous sandstone, altered by heat. : * edible nut again, Adam’s needle, small evergreen oak and cotton- - wood, and a gourd the cucumis perennis. | There was every indication of water, but none was procured on the surface; it could, no doubt, have been found by digging, but. the Gila was only twenty miles distant. - The last six or eight miles of our route was down the dry bed of a stream, in a course east of seuth, and our day’s journey did. not gain much in the direction of California. It was necessary to as- cend the’river a mile in search of grass, and then we got but an indifferent supply. Except in the two camps nearest to: Mount Turnbull, and the one at the San Carlos, we have never before, since leaving Santa Fé, had occasion to complain of the want of. grass. | We encamped in a*grove of cacti of all kinds; amongst them . ,ano Mountains: : hen, red sandstone in layers a foot thick; then, granite very Coarse. The depth of thin seams of vitrified quartz. | In the dry creek down which we travelled, we saw a cave of n sandstone, in which a fire been built; for what pufpose t conjecture, as it was too small to admit aman. hod ches gave us to understand that a marauding party of | ere in Sonora. The broad fresh, trail of cattle and & p the,arreyo, induces the bulfelt thar they have rev» | course. | | “a S very unusual hei nted my getting the rate of the chronometers. sod ithough we have had no rain except at Mount Graham, where hare A \ triputary of the Gila Lith. by E. Weber & Co. Balto ere. % - ae *: wf Sig 4 a 75 [7] er re, account for the deep incisions made th. oe. last night, yet, E the river came, or in what direction it flowed onwards to its mouth. f For six miles we followe other variet agen rice | broader than the back of my sabre. These extraordinary ‘ing plants seem to seek the wildest and most unfrequented inge of mountains traversed to-day is the same we have r some days, and is a continuation ig of Mount Gra- h turns sharply westward from Turnbull’s peak, carrying a if de a oy ;. : ; 4 i : e ck is an isolated peak of red sandstone thar es: every en of having once formed the table land, and being ade ; - tha surrounding surface, ing withstood the abrasion of : ¢ wy - ; : 4 * o Me i » ee The uplands. covered as usual with mezquite, chimaza, ephy« . the shrub with the edible nut, and cactus, of this a new and be Sys Be y fo) Se. ee i Ni « 7 ie 77 a i oe | tiful variety. an the eafion we heard in advance of us the crack of rifle; on coming up we found that old Francisco, one of the ses, had killed a calf, “left there, doubtless, by the ee a The dry creek by which we. crossed to the i wi _t ps ot ena leading from the mountain fastnesses d of this creek was d eeply cut, and er at sharp: Ltn te forming a zigzag like the bayoux vas by sappers in approaching a _ fortress, each turn of which Capa ta ey were innumera hy formed a F _ strong defensive position. The Apache once in possession of them is secure from pursuit or invasion from the Mexican. Since the Ist November, we have been traversing, with. incredi- ble labor and great expenditure of mule power, the ‘stronghold of _ these mountain robbers, having no other object in view than mak- ing our distance westward; yet here we are at this camp, only five secon'ls of time west of camp 89, at Disappointment creek, and one pais. gg four seconds went of our camp at the mouth of the San ? Fra . 2 _ axe has done her iesiedl . fa avor a condition of é has enabled a savage and uncivilized tribe, armed wit _ lance, to hold as tributary powers three fertile and once fc eS, Chihuahua, Sonora, and E rist race , countrymen of the immortta .* Thess be si were one time flourishing, but such bash eeke ss ‘tire tion and spread by these children of the mountains, that they are n ae population, commerce and manufactures at a rate which, i ts00 i. eer te leave them uninhabite 6.—Por the double purpose of sid wute the hoabeits y “to: come ef aid to recruit our mu ps it is decided this shall be.a_ _ day of rest. The Serve good, but sparsely scattered over the hills, and it is necessary, _ ae Srey animal and let = graze at will. thin gs which ce Ish flan at one * al re mew vie eitihes, sears, and sores motion caused b nt and d sion of se soup witht the ie ‘subject may appear, it is thee nm merr eem to anticipate it as a matter of course, and the const nce of the mind to the idea, will no doubt aa: to if ake mule as acceptable as other soup. | Pa . la + al on the ( ie Vegitation 1 n A aa (7 Ls yl yup of Plants exhi Gre Sra S aeecers ea ax om Hs Te ee Se ee In the sandy arroyos where our fires burn, that look asif they had been formed but a year or two since, was broken pottery, and the remains of a large building, similar in form, substance, and ap- parent antiquity to those so often described. Strolling over the hills alone, in pursuit of seed and geological ‘specimens, my thoughts went back to the States, and when I turned from my momentary aberrations, I was struck most forcibly with the fact that not one object in the whole view, animal, vegetable, or mineral, had any thing in common with the products of any State in the Union, with ° the-single exception of the cotton wood, which is found in the wes- tern States, and seems to grow wherever water flows from the ver- | . tebral range of mountains of North America; this tree we found growing near the summit of the Pifion Lano range of mountains, in- deed, always where a ravine had its origin. ; In one view could be seen clustered, the larrea Mexicana, the ~ cactus, (hing) cactus, (@handelier) green ‘wood acacia, chamiza, ‘ prosopis odorata, and a new variety of sedge, and then large open _ spaces of bare gravel. Ye The only animals seen were lizzards, scorpions, and tarantulas. I made elaborate observations for time and latitude, and for longi- ‘tude by measurement of lunar distances. Anxious to observe eclip- ses of Jupiter’s satellites, I determined once more to.try the small telescope with which the satellites of Jupiter could just be discerned. I strained my eyes for two nights in succession to see HW I. could discover the moment*of immersion and emersion of I and III satel- lites of Jupiter, which were visible from our camp. My efforts were fruitless, arid the result to myself is a distressing nervous af- . fection of the eye, which may injure the correctness of my other observations of this night. ; .. The resulting latitude of the place is 32° 57’ 43”. ongitude ‘* — Th. 23m. 19s. Rate of chronometer 2075, losing 12” 7s. per day. The height by barometer 2115 feet above the sea, ; The latitude was deduced from 13 circum-meridian altitudes of be- ta aquarii, and 12 altitudes of polaris, The longitude from 8 dis- tances between alpha arietisand the D, 9 of regulus and the D, and. 5 of aldebaran and the D. ro) og 8 ree) 5 ot a ae est, at an eae of 30°. Vast boulders of pure quartz; the Ly Fs laces, was paved with them. = Pboit two miles from camp, our course was traversed by a seam of yellowish colored igneous rock, specu oe up into irregular spire: and turrets, one or two thousan feet ; in height. It ran at right an- gles to the river, and extended to the solik, and to the’ south, in.a og — of mountains as far as the eye could reach. One ° ‘thes ES towers was capped with a substance, many hundred feet thick, , dis a in horizontal strata of different colors, from deep red t = light yellow. Partially disintegrated, and laying Pres of a was a sotcing calcareous sané To the west, abouta mile below us, ie running we to first, is another similar seam, cut through by the Gila butte, shaped like a house. The top of this butte appe once formed the table Jand, and is still covered with veg ‘Through both theses elec river has been c other means than rition. Where ae the appearance of a vas wall torn dow vs Un ay’s date, im appendix No. 2, will bi =e but the principal growth was one Cac Fremontia, and obione canescen » Sebe camp, which is within a eer of t where we take a ve of the mountains, is, hy the mean _ observatio d south stars, po G/ 40" s<2 erived by measurement and also 1 ‘ | ceo tect, = At night, for the me time since tac Pawne ~ tg for a. moment in my 0 servations, by moi pe the ee s of my orizon shade, se too a ane ae re * ee ee ve ¥ : ies _ ae oT. ae ae en Stinidey an not before existing. In the States oret is scartély a night where the moisture will not collect on the glass exposed to the air, sufficient in two or three minutes to prevent the peste: transmission of light JVovember 9.— The ofan of last? night’s dampness was felt in the morning, oe although the thermometer was only 37°, the cold was more sensible than in the dry regions at 25°. We started in advance of the command to explore the lower belt . of mountains by which we were encompassed. The first thing we noticed in the gorge was a promontory of pitch-stone, against which the river impinged with fearful force, for it was now descending at a rapid rate. Mounting to the top of the rock, on a beautiful table, * found sunk six cr eight perfectly symmetrical and well-turned holes, about ten inches deep and six or eight wide at top; near : one, in a remote place, was a pitch-stone well turned and fashioned : ] E likea pestle. These could be nothing else than the corn-mills of long extinct races. Above this bed of pitch- stone, a butte of cal- areous sand-stone shot up to a great height, in the seams of which ere imbedded beautiful crystals of quartz. Turning the sharp angle of the promontory, we discovered a high perpendicular cliff calcareous spar and baked argillaceous rock, against which the er also abutted, seamed so as to. represent distinctly the flames of oe A sketch was made of it, and is presented with these. 1otes. On the side of the river opposite the igneous rocks, the’ od utte rose in perpendicular and confused masses, This chain continued, not parallel, as I supposed, to the first dea | ribed barrier, . but « reled round to the east, and united with it. — also united on the north side, forming a basin three or four miles _ ne in whichiwe encamped last night. Except a few eae? Is ‘rea Mexicana, these hills were bare of vegetation. Away off ‘the deuth and bordering on the banks of the river, covering the of the ground for one or two feet, was an incrustration of ular lava or basalt, like. that Need about the Raton. jore 7 wanted to give the idéa.of an immense extinct ugh the centre of the neaiee the Gila now pursues int, elagced sai ita Enoihtsin barrier, flows ate of three miles an hour into a wi n end: almost as far as the eye can reach. Upon on this uite, chamiza, the green acacia, ‘etic pis. artemisia, scens, and petahaya, were the only vegetation. In one e found a few bunches of grass; € plain were destitute of vegetation; t, a light brown see earth, ¥ —-= Gontaines 801 AeMcivan” a4 ae: °; : ey Ss ¥. : ies a ee was, submi ge eaegitio ng ~ who says: “Itisalight _ y e in rat 8 lati : 4 eo & “carbonate of lime, — a ee snali-portten coe faa in it t L 5 its want fertility mo: 7 : trib. in organic matters.” s re — a Ss % s es 5 &- a , and “also the we met with im the spy guard. knee K ee a, eT a Pimos & Coco Maricopas Indians. Lith by E Weber & Co Balto. Though fewer in number, they appear to"be superior in intelligi and ontegg appearance F n Jose Messio is their governor, and, like the governor of the ' Pics; holds his office by the appointment of the Mexican governor of California. The people have no choice in the selection. Both these Indians are reiplotable looking old men, and seem to be really worthy of the trust atta a them. had not been long in cam before a a dense column of ‘dust foot, but mostly on horseback. They ¢ came into camp at full S} ie | unarmed, and in the most confident manner, bringing water meal, pinole, and salt, for trade. The salt is taken from thedpintnes ape there ate bottoms which have no natural drainage, the effloresces and is skimmed from the surface of the earth. It ‘eee brought to us, both in the crystallized form, and in the form when first collected, mixed with earth. 1S selected on, ine side towards the village, and the it g ping of ho rendered it difficult for me to take s etory o cvationsy wh was desirous of tinged as it is ; an important statio -T placed my horizon on the ground, I found that the ake te of a horse five hundred yards off affected the m ury, and prevented a perfectly reflected image of the stars, and it was in vain to hope for these restless ! ricopas to keep — g quiet. News got about of my dealings wath the stars, and my. camp was crowded the whole time -. The latitude of this camp by such iheereatite as the Maric would allow me to make, was 33° 09’ 28”, and the longitude 13”. sd 7 the morning eame the M f os. They are po a a tal ; had I tholfe of. men were retroussés,. Findi is the t i had ceased, ‘they collected i in squads about eee ond. made the air ring with their jokes and merry pea Vug Mr. Bestor’s species were a great source of merri: ’ of them formed the idea that with their aid, he could see their cotton blankets. They would shrink ‘and hide beb other at his ap roach. At length, I placed the spectacles on th nose of an old woman, who became» acquainted: with: their use a explained it to the others. eid We were notified that a long journey was to finding’ eat cut off an elbow in the river,) gourd was much greater than the supply. Onel ‘ings of glass beads, which was thought a Snterpre r who” uided us to the Casa Monte Side o f the Gila, s aid that on the Salt river, about fa out a day’s je as one of those ae a lee thesBoors and roof. td was veg azed walls; that the ote os he mene house could. yet be seen in © and as that of a naked foot: << Whenever = 3 a x 7 3 2 e 4 we cer ne 3 =" ge gn ee a * ‘ al . ‘ . » +a 88 * Indians resort to these old houses. to look for,trinkets of shelley anda = green ‘stone which I think is nothing more than od o> antique t 12.0 clock, after giving our horses a last watering, we started off in a southwestern direction to turn the southern foot of the range of hills pointing to the Salt river. Five miles brought us into a grove of the pitahaya, which had yielded a plentiful supply of fruit to the Indians. Our way was over a plain of granitic sand, ascending gradually and almost imperceptibly. After leay- .ing the pitahaya, there was no growth except the EATS Mexicana, ~ ane ceasionally, at long intervals, an acacia or ing - We. travelled till long after dark, and dropped oorae in a dust hole near two large green-barked acacias. There was not a sprig of grass or a drop of gee and during the whole night the mules kept up a piteous cry for b There was nothing but the offensive Jarrea, which even mules walt not touch, when so hungry as to eat with avidity the dry twigs of sel other stubs and trees. As soon as the moon ros es a. m. 7 _ the bugle sounded to horse, and we were up and piirettig oi our way. _ and the signs and symbols intended doubtless, some great event. One stone bore on it what mig Pe . alittle stretch of the imagination, to be a mastadon,a horse,a dog, » [7] _ and a man. , and. this may com- Their heads are turned to the east - memorate th south. e passage of the Aborigines of the Gila on their way a a TT, i nee , BES : ; re ) eee . cd Oy Many of the modern symbols are in imitation of the antique, and, doubtless, the medicine men of the present day resort to this mound to invoke their unseen spirits, and work the miracles which enable them to hold their sway amongst their credulous race. There are many more weird and mysterious looking places than this to be found along the banks of the Gila, and the first attraction to the modern Indian was, without doubt, the strange characters, he saw inscribed. ome of the boulders appear to have been written and re-written upon so often it was impossible to get a distinct outline of any of the characters. We descended into the broad valley of the Gila, skirted on the south side of the table land, black with basalt pebbles, resting on a stratum of the carbonate of lime upon which the river impinged at every flood, and widened its valley. The hills on the north side were of red and grey rocks, probably granite, irregular in form, varying from 500 to 1,000 feet. Finding no grass, we loosened our mules among the willows and cane. Pf Same as that described yesterday. Wherever we mounted to the ‘table lands to cut off a bend in the river, found them dreary beyond description, covered with blocks of basalt, with a few intervals of dwarf growth of larrea. Now and then a single acacia raised its eS solitary form and displayed its verdure in the black expanse. — We crossed the dry beds of two creeks with sandy bottoms. Under the ~ crust of basalt are usually sand-stone and a conglomerate of peb- bles, sand-stone, and lime. This last is easily undermined by the — river, and the basalt or lava then caves in. ; The bottoms of the river are wide, rich, and thickly overgrown with willow’ and a tall aromatic weed, and alive with flights of white brant, (wing tipped with black,) geese, and ducks, with many signs of deer and beaver. : 4 At night I heard the song of the sailors calling the depth of the water, and presently, Williams; Lieutenant Warner’s servant, who had been missing all day, came out of the river with the hind quar- | ters of a large buck, perfectly intoxicated with his unexpected suce cess. ‘Twelve miles back, he let his mule loose, went in pursuit 0 deer, and killed a buck. After lugging the whole of it for two miles, he lightened his load by leaving one-half. _ where the ground was cracked and drawn into blisters. The nig te Cans were inscribed on *he same rock. We encamped down in one of the deserted Beds of the Gila, “ee x * was cold, the thermometer at 6, a. m., 20°. ee Latitude of the camp 32° 55’ 52”. Longitude of the camp Tis , ay. 4 ? : +. November 18.—High wind from the northwest all day, showin, that there was still a barrier of snow-clad mountains between our selves and Monterey, which we must turn or scale, Carson pointed to a flat rock covered with fur, and told tha he had slaughtered a fat mule there: The names of several Ameri After travelling some teu or twelve miles through the valley, we - remains of former settlements in br but muck fewer in number than above. ine miles from camp - a spur of mountains of an altered silicious sand-stone came in from es ay mounted to the table land, and at 123 o’clock .stopped to graze our horses at alittle patch of dried spear grass. Leaving this, the ground, as far as the eye could reach, was strewed with the black, shining, well rounded pebbles. The larrea even was scarcely seen, and dreariness seemed to mantle the earth. The arroyo by which we descended to the river was cut from a bed of reddish pebbles 20 or 30 feet deep, and as we neared the river they were soldered to- gether in a conglomerate of which lime was the cement. _ We saw to-day on the rocks, other rude carvings of the Indians, but their modern date was apparent. To-day there was a dead calm, about meridian intensely hot, and the dust rose in volumes as our party advanced. We found the river spread over a greater surface, about 100 yards wide, and flowing gently along over a sandy bottom, the banks fringed With cane, willow, and myrtle. Last night I took an involuntary plunge into it, for my mule sunk in a quick sand, while I was searching fora place to cross my party. To-night I took a swim, but found the waters disagreeably cold. The chain of broken hills still continued on the north side, and when near our camp of this date, circled in-an amphitheatre, with - its arch to the north. The basaltic columns, rising into the shape of spires, domes, and towers, gave it the apperanée, as we ap- proached, of a vast city on the hills. The distance of the crown of this amphitheatre, determined by angulation, is Francisco informs me, that against its north base the Colorado strikes. So at this point, which is about six miles below our camp of this date, the Gila and Colorado must be near together. The hills and mountains appeared entirely destitute of vegetation, and on the plains could be seen, only at long intervals, a. few stunte tufts of larrea Mexicana, and wild wormwood, artemisia cana. November 19.—The table lands were the same as those des- _cribed yesterday, but the valley widens gradually, and for most of the way is six or eight miles wide, and the soil excellent. Some Men pottery, corn grinders, &c.3 The pools in the old bed and all night the swan, ell bis en, Mel miles, and” Head of the > Lith, by.5 Weber Mountain Goat Female fe i =i nan Efi cc oty Abie ape dt + hese ; 8 93 [7] jth the motion of the mules grazing, and my observations were, — Rrefore; not -very satisfactory. | 11 circum-meridian, altitudes of procyon, and 12 altitudes of po- ris, give the latitude of the camp, 32° 43° 38". fens faire 20.—The table lands were of sand, and the bottom of the river constantly réceived deposites from them, which changed its * frequently, as.might be seen from the different growths of cot- ¢on wood marking the old land. Our road, about five miles from hs night’s camp, was traversed by a spur of coarse grained granite . underlaid by old red sandstone dipping some 80° to the south and - lwest: The direction of the spur was nearly parallel to those before tnoted, northwest and southeast, which is the direction of the axis of the maximum elevation of most of the mountains traversing the course of the Gila : | Our camp was pitched on a little patch of grass two miles from the river, night came on before the horses reached it, and they were without water for twenty-four hours; there was a pond near the | camp, but sd salt that the horses could not drink it. : At noon, the thermometer was 74°, at 6, p. m., 52°, and at 6 o'clock the next morning, 19°, whichhas been about the average range of temperature for the last two weeks. ft November 21.—To-day we marched only eight and, a half miles, and halted for a patch of grama, which was an agreeable and bene- ficial change to our mules, that had been living on cane and wil- low for some days past. , The plains are now almost entirely of sand, and composed of» sandy and calcareous loam with iron pyrites and common salt, cov- ered sparsely with chamiza, larrea Mexicana, anda shrubby species _ of sage, (salvia.) : I obseryed at night for latitude and time, and there being two » occultations of Jupiter’s satellites, I was.tempted to observe them with our inferior telescope, which only gave us another proof of its uselessness for the purpose. % November 22.—Mr: Warner and I started before the advance sounded, and climbed the shatp spur of a continuous comb cf moun- tains coming from the southeast, to try if we could see the Colorado of the west. The mountains rose abruptly from the plains as they | mostly do in this region, resembling in appearance large dykes ter- inating at top in a sharp ridge hich a man could, at any part, _ Straddle. They were of hard granite, pepper and salt colored,. . | traversed by seams of white quartz. This spur gives theriver Gila quite a bend to the north, and from ‘that point to its mouth, which we reached at night, the river is straight in its general direction; but its course is crooked and dotted with sandbars, by ineur- 7 aenaciacie i aceeeseaniaemeenaatsie: is brought down by the winds from the valley of the Colorado. ts volume seemed, I _ by the sand. B _ The day was warm, the dust oppressive, and the march, twenty- | two miles, very long for our jaded and ill-fed brutes. The gene- — | Tal’s horse gave out, and he was obliged to mount his mule. ne Sions from the sandhills which now flank both its sides. The sand — ; TES eo ws O4 es ~. Most of the men were on foot, and a small party, composel chiefly of the general and staff, were a long way ahead of the” lumn, when, as we approached the end of our day’. who must have left that morning. Speculation was rife, but wea soon settled down to the opinion that it was General Castro an his troops; that he had succeeded in recruiting an army in sed tif The position of our camp was decided, as usual, with reference to the grass. The lives of our animals were nearly as important) as ourown. It was pitched to-day in a little hollow encircled by, a chain of sand hills, overgrown with mezquite. | . he sergeant of the general’s guard was behind, his mule haying) broken down, and when he came in reported haying seen two In- dians about five miles back. For a short time we supposed this) immense trail was a band of Indians, returning from a onjectu| { fires to the right, apparently five miles distant, on the opposite side Bessie cer in charge, Lieutenant Hammond, reported he had seen large) - of the Gil as | ee © GQ o 3 o bee J ~ oo’ ~” *, Be sei or # a ~” 3 o a o m m IY] - oe o s e. 5 on ° a 5 ° 4 4 oa ° ° ° ° 2 2. iss) i the camp, its force, character, arid destination. : horses; I heard them neighing, and they cover much ground.” | He pointed in the direction, fina after proceeding a short distance, we —alleheard distinctly the noise of the horses, indicating a large number. ‘ | _ Silence was enjoined, and we proceeded stealthily along for some! time, when a bright fire blazed before us... I halted the guard, and( _ - with two dragoons, Londeau and Martinez, proceeded unobserved | _until within a few feet of the fire. Before it stood an armed Mex- Of Junction of the Gila & Colorado River m » Lith. by E Weber & Co Balto eof the ownership and destination of the horses. cupation of trappers, and ascertain whom, and what, the man guar- q : ‘sent in man for man. It was not Castro, as we expected, but a __party.of Mexieans with 500 horses from California, on their way _ to Sonora for the benefit of Castro. «plying the Sonora market with horses. We subsequently learned .of 90 miles, which lies on thé other side of the Colorado, and be- 2 # ican. I sent Londeau and Martinez with orders to assume the oc- ed. Thé conference was short; other. Mexicans advanced, and I I took the four principal men to the general, and lefta guard to watch the camp and see that no attempt was made to escape. The ax men were examined ‘separately, and each gave a different account The chief of the party, a tall, venerable looking man, represented himself to be a poor employé of several rich men engage in sup- that he was no less a personage than Jose Maria Leguna, a colonel in the Mexican service. reat / November 23.—We did not move camp to-day, in order to make arefit from last night’s capture, and give our mules an opportu- nity to pick what little grass they could before taking the desert tween us and water. oe Warner, Stanley, and myself, saddled’ up to visit the junction of — the Gila and Colorado, which we found due north from our camp, — and about a mile and a half distant. The day was stormy, the from the north. We mounted a butte of = te, and, looking 26° east of north, the course of ras tracked by clouds of Sying sone The Gila — the. , and up, at least, to this point, there is little doubt that the Colo- a rado is always navigable for steamboats. Above, the Colorado is — ceptible of navigatio _ full of shifting sandbars, but is, no doubt, to a great extent sus- the renowned missionary, Fat This mission was event ally sacked by the Indians, and the inhabitants all murdered o riven off t will probably ye ty of wealth and importance, most of the mineral and fur regions of a tent of country being drain The stone butte ore than a mil the Colorad [ep 96 to the north of this butte, and the point of junction was below. What freak of nature united their efforts in forcing the butte, is difficult to say. During freshets, it is probable the rivers now dis- charge their surplus waters through these old channels. Francisco informs me that the Colorado, seven days’ travel up from the bitte, continues pretty much as we saw it. Fores, ' There a caiion is reached impassable for horses or canoes. ‘The country between is settled by the Coyotaros, or wolf-eaters, cochin- eans, (dirty. fellows,) Los Tontears, or fools, and the Garroteros, or club Indians. These cultivate melons, beans, and maize. | ‘On our return we met a Mexican, well mounted and muffled in his blanket. Iasked him where he was going; he said, to hunt horses. As he passed, I observed in each of his holsters the neck of a bottle, and on his croup a fresh made sack, with other eviden- ces of a preparation for a journey. Much against’ his taste, I in- vited him to follow me to camp; several times he begged me to let _ him go for a moment, that he would soon réturn. His anxiety to. _ be released increased my determination not to comply with his re- quest. I took him to General Kearny and explained to him the Suspicious. circumstances under which I had taken him, and that his capture would prove of some importance. He was immediately _ Searched, and in his wallet was found the mail from California, which was of course opened. Among the letters was one addressed to General Jose Castro, at _ Alta, one to Antonio Castro, and others to men of note in Sonora. _ All suspected of relating to public affairs were read, and we ascer- _ tained from theritthat a counter revolution had taken place in Cal- - ifornia, that the Americans were expelled from Santa Barbara, _ Puebla de-los Angeles, and other places, and that Robideaux, the _ brother of our interpreter, who had been appointed alcalde by the _ Americans, was a prisoner in jail. They all spoke exultingly of having thrown off “the detestable Anglo-Yankee yoke,” and con- | gratulated themselves that the tri-color once more floated in Cali- fornia. : ' : i Captain Flores was named as the general and governor,pro tem., and the enthusiasm of the people described as overflowing in the cause of emancipation from the Yankee yoke. One letter gave a minute and detailed account of a victory stated to have been ob- - tained over the Americans. It stated that 450 men landed at San _ Pedro, and were met, defeated, and driven back to the fort at San Pedro. This last was attributed by us to Mexican braggadocio, as it is usual with them to represent their defeats as victories; but that there sf a disturbance of a sSerious'‘kind in the province, we could not doubt, from the uniformity of the accounts on that head. We also learned that the horses captured were in part for General Castro. i 2 to legitimize our capture, and at his men. : but being dated so far. loubt as to the real state | is played their parts so xtract the truth from thém. ea oy ‘ = in California, and the it was not in our powe: x ee ace rhe coats 11: - The fire place hock > * alto ofits te jecee cies: View on the Gila Lith, by E.Weber k Co. Baltc 97 [7] : : oo a. One of the party, who had received some little favor from Carson in California, was well plied with brandy, but all that could be extorted from him was the advice that we should not think of going to the Puebla with our small force, counsel that our friend soon learned we had not the. lightest intention of following. + . -arifle. ball; and rested on the neck of the fugitive; the Indian, “took a sweep, and followed by his pursuers, came th _ stallion a completé somerset, and the 1e position of our camp, about one mile and a half south of the ion-of the Colorado and Gila rivers, determined by 12 circum- ay Meridian altitudes of sirius, 6 of saturn, and 12 altitudes of polaris, “is latitude 32° 42’ 09”. The longitude by one set of lunar -dis- tances, E. and W., 114° 37’ 09’’, which agrees with the chronome- tric determination of the same place, determined by assuming the. longitude of San Diego to be 117° 11’. d in such m3 + : t night, passing my arm over the surface of ie fur robe in h : a % > November 24.—We visited the camp of our Mexican friends, . woman with the party in the agonies of childbirth. She was at tion, over a fe; esert. The capture horses were all wild and but little adapted for im- é Mediate seryrce, but there was rare sport in catching them, and wé saw for the first time the lazo thrown with inimitable skill. It is ihuahua that ‘‘a Californian can throw the lazo as well with his foot as a Mexican can with his hand,” and the scene before us gave us an idea of *its truth. There was a wild stallion of great beauty which defied the fleetest horse and the most expert rider. At length a boy of fourteen, a Californian, whose graceful riding was the constant subject of admiration, piqued by ci ted failures,.mounted a fresh horse, and, followed by an Indian, launched fiercely at the stallion. 7 ee His lareat darted from his hand with the force and precision of at the same moment, made a successful throw, but the stallion was too stout for both, and dashed off at fufl speed, with both ropes fly- in the’ air like wings. The perfect representation of Pegasus, he | undering down the dry bed of the river. The lazos were Sabie A the age of the | circumstance, stooped from his flying horse and caught onein hi hand. It was the work of a moment to make it fast to the pommel ground, and the gallant young Spaniard, taking advant - 4 of his saddle, and by a short turn 4 own horse, he threw the ame was secure. good patch of grass, and our people have been ordered to cut a ra- tion for each mule to carry along. ‘The night was excessively cold and damp, and in the morning ‘our blankets were covered witha little dew. For the first time, “the bugle calls were distinctly reyerberated, showing the atmos- * pheric change as weapproach the coast, and descend into the neigh- torhood of the sea level. In New Mexico, even when surrounded by hills and perpendicular walls, the report of fire arms, and the sound of the bugle, were unattended by any distinct echo. The reports were sharp and unpleasant, not rounded, as here, by the y : * ea] 98 ae We travéled over a sandy plain a few miles, and descended into reverberation. The country, from the Arkansas to this point, more than 1,200 + miles, in its adaptation to agriculture, has peculiarities which must A “forever stamp itself upon the population which inhabits it. All of - North Mexico, embracing New Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora, and ‘the Californias, as far north as the Sacramento, are, as far as the best information goes, the same in the physical character of its sur- . face, and differ but little in climate or products. ; In no part of this vast tract ean the rains from Heaven be relied upon, to any extent, for the cultivation of the soil. The earth is destitute of trees, and in great partalso of any vegetation whatever. A few feeble streams flow in different directions from the great _ ° mountains, which in many places traverse this region. These streams are separated, sometimes by plains, and. sometimes by “mountains, without water and without vegetation, and ma be called deserts, So far as they perform any useful part in the suste- nance of animal life. ai The cultivation of the earth is therefore confined to those nar- row strips of land which are within the level of the waters of the bp streams, and wherever practised in a epee with any success, a or to any extent, involyes a degree of subordination, and absolute net oe to a chief, repugnant to the habits of our peopl te) nC ple. . The chief who directs the time and the quantity of the precious . : 99 hb No one who has ever visited this country, and who is acquainted with the character and value of slave labor in the United States, would ever think of bringing his own slaves here with any view to » ; pd much less would he purchase slaves for such a purpose. heir labor here, if they could be retained as slaves, among peons, hearly of their own color, would never repay the cost of transport- ation, much less the additional purchase money. --. I made many inquiries as to the character of the vast region of country embraced in the triangle, formed by the Colorado of the west, the Del Norte, and the Gila; and the information collected, will, at some fu‘ure time, be thrown into notes for the benefit of future explorers, but are not given in this work, as I profess to 4 write only of what I saw. . . _ From all that I learn, the country does not differ, materially, in its physical character from New Mexico, except, perhaps, being less denuded of soil. and vegetation. The sources of the Salinas, the San Francisco, Azul, San Carlos, and Prierte, tributaries of the Gila, take their rise in it. About their head waters, and occasion- ally along their eourses, are presented sections of land capable of a. irrigation. | , Schlager The whole extent, except on the margin of streams, is said to be _ destitute of forest trees. The Apaches, a very numerous race,and ~~ the Navajoes, are’ the chief occupants, but there are many minor | bands, who, unlike the Apaches anc avajoes, are not nomadic, t have fixed habitations. Amongst the most remarkable of these _ are the Soones, most of whom are said to be Albinos. The latter cultivate the soil. and live in peace with their more numerous and savage neighbors. ; : ris _ Departing from the ford of the Colorado in the direction of So- _- hora, there is a fearful desert to as ta, a small town, | cal Persons 2ound for Sonora from California, who do not mind a cir- cultous route, should ascend the Gila as far as the Pamoscuible e, in the channel, at the ford where we crossed, is four feet. ‘hhe ; banks are low, not more than four feet high, and, judging from in- hough not frequently, overflowed. Its gen- point is much like that of the Arkansas, — nds... sy y of the plateau upon Which we encamped, and leads down the river, crossing three sand ‘ onstantly shift.ng, and may even lead rnished. The ford is | -right or left sets a will him ae ot 100 Report makes the distance of the mouth of the Colorado, from the crossing, eighty miles, but unless the river is very crooked, this cannot be; Lieut. Hardy, of the royal navy, determined the mouth to be in latitude 31° 51’ north, and longitude 114° V’. The growth on the river bottom is cotton wood, willow of differ- ent kinds, equisetum hyemale, (scouring rush,) and a nutritious . grass in smal] quantities. ns ~ After crossing, we ascended the river three quarters of a mile, where we encountered an immense sand drift, and from that point until we-halted, the great highway between Sonora and California lies along the foot of this drift, which is continually but slowly — encroaching down'the yalley. Prosopis glandulosa, wild sage, and | ephedra compose the growth; the first is luxuriant. | We halted at a dry arroyo, a few feet to the left of the road, leading into'the Colorado, where there was a hole five or six feet — ‘deep, which by deepening furnished sufficient water for the men. We are yet, by the indication of the barometer, but 20 or 30 feet e the river, and where the sands from the desert to the*north | gly \ havea ncroached, the soil appears good. There are remains of ~ gequias about five miles back, and where we halted, the remains of _ Indian settlements, but it is probable the water has been cut off by e drift, and cannot now be brought from the river above. _ I made observations at night for time and latitude, and found the position of the place to be north latitude 32° 40’ 22”, and longitude 114° 56’ 28”, west of Greenwich. ; We tied our animals to the mezquite trees, (prosopis glandulosa, ) ' » and remarking on the way that they showed an inclination to eat - the bean of this plant, we sent the men to collect them; the few _ -ogathered were eaten with avidity. i _ November 26.—The dawn of day found every man on horseback, anda bunch of grass from the Colorada tied benind him on the --eantle of his saddle. After getting well under way, the keen air _- at 26° Fahrenheit made it most comfortable to walk. We traveled - four miles along the sand butte, in the same direction as yesterday, - about south 75° west, (magnetic,) we mounted the buttes and found, . after a short distance, a firmer footing covered with fragments of |} ‘Tava, rounded by water, and many agates. We were now. fairly , on.the desert. __ Our course now inclined a few degrees more to the north, and at } 10, a. m., we found a large patch of grama, where we halted for an — ~ hour, and then pursued our way over the plains covered with frag- , - ments of lava, traversed at intervals by sand buttes, until 4 p. m+ . when, after travelling 24 miles, we hele the Alamo or cotton wood. At this point, the captured Spaniards informed us, that S24 failing to find water, they had gone a league to the west, in pur _ suit of their horses, where they found a running stream. We 2c-— - cordingly sent parties to search, but neither the water nor their trail | - could be found. é Neither was there any cotton wood at the Alamo, as its name } a > would ss aed ; but Franciscovsaid that it was nevertheless the place, F the tree having probably been covered by the encroachments of the 2 — : : Pr. ey en ee cae which had tasted water in forty cordingly tried to reach it; about 3, p. m., we disengaged ou n sand, which here terminates in a bluff 40 feet high, making the are of a great circle convexing to the north. Descending this bluff, we found in what had been the channel of _a stream, now overgrown with a few ill-conditioned mezquite, a large hole where persons had evidently dug for water. was ne- cessary to halt to rest our animals, and the time was occupied in deepening this hole, which after a long struggle, showed signs of water. An old champagne basket, used by one of the officers as a pannier, was lowered in the hole, to prevent the crumbling of the sand. After many. efforts to keep out the caving sand, a basket- work of willow twigs effected the object, and much to the joy of all, the brisket, which was now 15 or 20 feet below the surface, filled with water. The order was now given for each mess to draw a camp-kettle of water; and Captain Turner was placed in charge i nk. The poor brutes, none of eight hours, and some not for the last sixty, clustered round the well 2 At 12 o’clock I had wateredall my animals, thirty-seven in num- ber, and turned on the well to Captain Moore i I he animals still had an aching void to fill, and all night was, heard the munching of sticks, and their piteous cries for more con- genial food. ° | & ~ November 27 and 28.—To-day we started a few minutes after sun- tise. Our course was a winding one, to avoid the sand-drifts. The Mexicans had informed us that the waters of the salt lake, some thirty or forty miles distant, were too salt to use, but other information led us to think the intelligence was wrong. We ac- ( rselyes en imm se we approached the lake, the stench of dead animals confirmed the ~ reports of the Mexicans, and put to flight all hopes of our being | able to use the water. ee a oa ee ee _ The basin of the lake, as well as I could judge at night, is about _ * ae 101 . [7 if ee ft ee ie “ aie FN Si ibe ele deaatr aa lie he [Wale |. 102 three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide. The water had _ receded to a pool, diminished to one-half its size, and the approach to it was through a thick soapy quagmire. It was wholly unfit for man or brute, and we studiously kept the latter from it, thinking that the use of it would but aggravate their thirst. One or two of the men came in late and, rushing to the lake, threw themselves down and took many swallows before discovering their mistake; but the effect was not injurious except that it in- creased their thirst. At the point where we left the sand, sketches were taken of the objects by which our pilot wended his way; these may serve to. guide future travellers. From this point the traveller may go di- rectly to the gap exhibited in the sketch, nearly magnetic west, through which the trail passes. ; A few mezquite trees and a chenopodiaceous shrub bordered the lake, and on these our mules munched till they had sufficiently re- freshed themselves, when the call to saddle was sounded, and we OM tai ae Nabi our way in the dark. The stoutest animals now began to stagger, and when day dawned, scarcély a man was seen _ mounted. — ‘ _ With the sun rose a heavy fog frém the southwest, no doubt from the guif, and sweeping towards us, enveloped us for two or three hours, wetting our blankets and giving relief to the animals. Before it had dispersed we came to a patch of sun-bufned grass. ~When the fog had entirely Wibod we found ourselves entering a gap in the mountains, which had been before us for four days. __ The plain was crossed, but we had not yet found water. The first valley we reached was dry, and it was not till 12 o’clock, m., that we struck the Cariso (cane) creek, within half a mile of one of - its sources, and although so close to the source, the sands had al- ready absorbed much of its wster, and left but little running. A mile or two below, the creek entirely disappears. We halted, having made fifty-four miles in the two days, at the . source, a magnificent spring, twenty or thirty feet in diameter, highly impregnated with sulphur, and medicinal in its properties. No vessel could be procured to bring home some of the water for _ coast chain of mountains which now encircles us, extending from » ee ee ee lee 103 Re [7] _ the same spur noted on the 22d asrunning southeast and northwest. It'is chiefly covered with floating sand, the surface of which in various places, is white with diminutive spinelas, and every where over the whole surface is found the large and soft muscle shell. have noted the only two patches of grass found during the ““jornada.”” There were scattered, at wide intervals, the palafoxia linearis, atriplex, encelia farinosa, daleas, euphorbias, and a simsia, described by Dr. Torrey as a new species without rays. The southern termination of this desert is bounded by the Tecaté chain of mountains and the Colorado; but its northern and eastern: boundaries are undefined, and I should suppose from the accounts of trappers, and others, who have attempted the passage from Cali- fornia to the Gila by a more northern route, that it extends many days’ travel beyond the chain of barren mountains which bound — the horizon in that direction. r ys mica and seams of gypsum. Nothing could be aad and desolate in appearance. The gypsum had given some co ¥ * t docik se = for the l pee 6 AF 56 Gee ihag ce ey rah » sites € om 5 [7] Meds rete COel cliffs, hailed by the Florida campaigners, some of whom were along, as old friends, ‘ They were cabbage trees; and marked the locale of a spring and a small patch of grass. We found also to-day, in full bloom, the bronnia spinosa, a rare and beautiful plant; the plan- tago, new to our flora; a new species of eriogonum, very remark- able for its extremely numerous long hair-like fruit stalks and mi- nute flowers. : We rode for miles through thickets of the centennial plant, agave Americana, and found one in full bloom. The sharp thorns pane ig every leaf of this plant, were a great annoyance to our dismounted and wearied men whose legs were now almost bare. - number of these plants were cut by the soldiers, and the body of them-used as food. . The day was intensely hot, and the sand deep; the animals, inflated with water and rushes, gave way by scores; and, although we advanced only sixteen miles, many did not ar- riye at camp until 10 o’clock at night. It was a feast day for the wolves, which followed in packs close on our track, seizing our de- -serted brutes and making the air resound with their howls as they battled for the carcasses. — _ ‘The water comes to the surface in pools at this’ place. Itis a valley surrounded by high bleak mountains destitute of vegetation. he mountains are of a micaceous granite ‘seamed with volcanic matter. The grass, which is coarse, extends for a mile or two along the valley. he | A heavy cloud overhung the mountains to the west, and the wind _blew a hurricane from that quarter; yet our zenith was never. ob- _ scured, except for a minute at a time by a fleeting cloud detached é ey ae of my chronometers, were not such as I could desire. December 1.—We ok ter, toits termination, and then descended to the deserted f San Felippe. site Retains ihr sid -are om 3,000 to 5,000 feet high, and those to the ial Lot wi “encrusted on the top with snow and icicles. me p was S: ina | mg field of grass, three or four miles in ex ent, through _ which a warm stream flowed and drained. through a cafion to’ the — ‘north, abréast of the village. We went to the: barren hills and _ collected the dry sage dnd scrub meézquite, with which we made a _ feeble fire. The larrea Mexicana grew here also, but,it is unfit for fuel. : _ About nine miles from the camp, we passed the summit which is said to divide the waters flowing into the Colorado from those owing into the Pacific, but I think it is a mistake. The pass is. nuch below the peaks on either side, and the height gives no indi- * a * 105 ; cation of. the elevation of the range, and, indeed, the barometric reading was but an indifferent index of the height of the pass, as the day was stormy. We are still to look for the glowing pictures ~ drawn of California, As yet, barrenness and desolation hold their reign. We longed to stumble upon the rancherias, with their flocks of fat sheep and cattle. Meat of horses, may be very palatable when fat, but ours are poor and tough, and it is hard to satisfy the cravings of hunger with such indifferent food. — Early in the day’s march, we met two Indians, a man and wo- man; they. could give us no information of what was passing on the western side of the mountains. They continued.on with the ut- — most indifference, exhibiting no signs of fear or astonishment at this sudden apparition of ragged blue-coats. They had fine athletic figures, but were prematurely wrinkled from poverty and exposure to cold. ? + December 2and 3.—We commenced to ascend another “divide,” i and as we approached the summit the narrow valley leading to it. was covered with timber and long grass. On both sides, the ever- green oak grew luxuriantly, and, for the first time since leaving the. -— w t would even there be. ‘called large trees. Emerging from these, we saw in the distance the beautiful valley . of the Aqua Caliente, waving with yellow grass, where we expect- — ed to find the rancheria owned by an American named Warner. — 14 WP oe ae & 5 aa >. aes = oie ” . Wem. we were now in pOssessio n eat, at one_sing camp was pitched on the road to the Pueblo, rtho:. of west. ‘Tothe south, down the valley of the Aqua” Uahente; 14@y ‘the road to San Diego. Above us was Mr. Warner’s backwoods, American looking house, built of adobe and covered withathatched roof. Around, were the thatched huts of the more than half naked - Indians, who are held in a sort of serfdom by the master of the = rancheria. I visited one or two of these huts, and found the ae tes living in great poverty. The thermometer was at 30°, they, had no fires, and no coverings but sheepskins. They told me, tha “a a i Pm pt p UG] ‘ 106 — wer és ” when they were under the charge of the missions they were all comfortable and happy, but since the good priests had been removed, “and the missions placed in the hands of the people of the country, they had been ill-treated. This change took place in 1836, and many of the missions passed into the hands of men and‘their con- nexions, who had effected the change. “Near the house is the source of the Aqua Caliente, a magnificent hot spring, of the temperature of 137° Fahrenheit, discharging from _ the fissure of a granite rock a large yolume*of water, which, for a ee distance down, charges the air with the fumes of sulphuretted hydrogen. Above it, and draining down the same valley, is a cold spring of the temperature of 45°, and without the aid of any me- _ chanical instrument, the cold and warm water may be commingled _ to suit the temperature of the bather. The Indians have made pools for bathing. thes eee around _ the basin of the spring to’ catch the genial warmth of its vapors, and aters, ramble over the hills which surround it on all sides, under ‘the shade of the great live oaks that grow in the road to San Diego. The general at once despatched Marshall to 2 te and open on the outside to the hip, beneath which were : _ Grawers of spotless white; his leggins were of black buck-skin, and » Tmade * paservamearg at night for time and latitude, but.the flying» clouds, and the trembling ground on which we were encamped, made it a delicate operation. ; $i® : — mati received on the 2d, that fifteen miles distant, on the road to the Pueblo, a band of horses and mules were catched, j _ belonging to General Flores and others. Tired as our people were, 107 . Tay , ap ¢ like those we captured at the mouth of the Gila, were mostly un- broken, and not of much service. : 2m y observations give for the latitude of our camp of this date, ~ which was on the meadow to the south of the rancheria, 33° 16’ 57”. We remained in camp on the 3d to rest. December 4.—The morning was murky, and we did not start till 9 o’clock, about which time it commenced to rain heavily, and t rain lasted all day. Our route was chiefly through narrow valleys overtopped by high hills of some fertility, covered with oaks. We were now in the region of rains, and the vegetation, tl h not luxuriant, was very much changed, but it was too late in the fall to get the flowers or fruits to determine the plants. < Our camp was pitched, after marching 134 miles, in the valley of the Rio Isabel, near the rancheria of Mr. Stokes, formerly the mis- sion of Saint Isabel. jee : Mr. S. had gone, but he left his keys with a man whom the Span-— — iards called Signor Beel, with directions to entertain us. The Sig- — nor was a deserter from an English merchant-man, and had lived in the neighboring mountains some ten years; during this time he had acquired a little property, and some knowledge of Spanish, but the sailor was visible in all his acts. Before night Mr. Beel hae eae good use of his keys, and shone in his true colors as sailor ul. We were drenched to the skin, and looked forward with some pleasure to.the idea of once more entering a house, with a blazing ~ fire and plenty to eat and drink. In the last two items we were entirely satisfied, but sadly disappointed in finding no fire, the only chimney about the rancheria being in the kitchen. : The dragoons took the dinner intended for the officers, and we were obliged to stand, cracking our heels in the cold damp es now converted into a hall, for two hours, before the Signor, nag HE rather Sailor Bill, could cook another dinner. Mis ~ The appearance of desolation which the rancheria presents 1s little calculated to impress us with favorable notions of the agri- cultural resources of this part of California. The land in the nar- row valleys is good, but surrounded every where by high barren mountains, and where the land is good, the seasons are too dry for 4 men to attempt cultivation without facilities for irrigation. tier ch December 5.—A cold rainy day, and the naked Indians of the rancheria gathered around our fires. We marched from the 2 -cheria of San Isabel to that. of Santa Maria. On the way we. 2 Capt. Gillespie, Lieut. Beale, and Midshipman Duncan of the pratt. with a party of thirty-five men, sent from San Diego with roe 3 spatch to Gen. Kearny. We arrived at the rancheria after ee where we heard that the enemy was preety nine te ae i i bout the rancheria, we pus yn a 4 not finding any grass a nig ss sed Sie eal we halted, and though there may have been plenty of 8 : ‘* (7d) 108 neying; what we-did see, however, did not impress us favorably as to its fertility. . ; ' Although this Was the rainy season, no flowing streams were crossed after leaving the San Isabel, and the ground was destitute of grass. Our camp was in a valley, overgrown with large oak trees and other shrubbery; but it was too dark to distinguish their character. A pert youndge Lieut. Pypmomagt* sent to reconnoitre the ene- my, Teported to be near at hand. By some accident the party was iscovered, and the enemy placed om the qui vive. We were now : the main road to San Diego, all the ‘by-ways” being in our rear, and it was therefore deemed necessary to attack the enemy, _ and force a passage. “About 2 o’clock, a. m., the call to horse was papomided. . i ‘ December 6.—We marched nine miles before day-break over a -" hilly country, leaving our packs to come on if the rear. The ge- neral invited Mrs Warner and myself to ride with him, and takin four of my party, I left Messrs. Bestor and Stanly with the rest, ix in number, to take ere of the baggage, and look after the in- nents and notes. » en within a mile of the enemy, whose force was not known to i) ‘vance, preceded only by the advanced guard of twelve men under : Captain Johnston. He ordered a trot, then a charge, and soon we ae ail wm + 5 uperior force. .* «for an account of this engagement, reference may be-made to the official report of the general, which has been published. The _ subjoined topographical sketch will show the first and second posi- _ tion of the enemy, and his final rout. As day dawned, the smoke feared away, and we commenced collecting our dead and wounded. W of our officers and men were killed onthe field, and aires shone brightly. The general and his party were in ad-. ) found ourselves engaged in a hand to hand conflict with a largely s s ; - : , : : d. __ Amongst the killed were Captains Moore and Johnston, and ant Hammond of the lst dragoons. — y my eireguions men took charge of the body and carriéd Johnston and one dragoon were the only SKETCH 3 OF THE ACTIONS FOUGHT AT | SAN PASQUAIL IN UPPER CALIFORNIA y ats Between the Americans a ; * and Mexicans DEC.6%& 7" 1846 4 * A osition after hi¥’ c onffiture onthe Hill ea Pico's je. Gis . + “, Mp Ee eegptin e 3 iy Z on the 7th. “--.-- fe : Mf RRO ill Wy S “My yy Yy >. Hitec = Wy : a 4g = i _late in the afternoon, nor were the ambulances for their transport- possible. te , 109 es ¢ : cay persons either killed or wounded on our side in the fight by ‘fire- - arms. a Information was received that the dead, no matter where buried, .* would be dug up to rob the bodies of their clothes, and orders were | given to pack them on mules, with the intention of carrying hel to San Diego, but it was found that there were not a sufficient | number of strong animals left to convey both the dead and the wounded, and directions were. given therefore to inter them at night as secretly as possible. When night closed in, the bodies of the dead were buried under a willow to the east of our camp, with no other accompaniment — - ‘than the howling of myriads of wolves attracted by the smell. ° “ Thus were put to rest together, and forever, a band of brave and heroic men. The long march of 2,000 miles had brought our little command, ‘both officers and men, to know each other well. Com- _ Munity of hardships, dangers, and privations, had produced rela- tions of mutual regard which caused their loss to sink deeply in our memories. The general’s wounds were so serious, that during the day Cap- tain Turner. assumed command and directed operations. There was but one surgeon in our party, Dr. Griffin, and notwithstanding his great skill and assiduty, he did not finish dressing the wounded till 2 ation completed. This, with the desire to bury our dead under cover of night, caused the forward movement to be postponed till morning. - Our provisions were exhausted, our horses dead, our mules on their last legs, and our men, now reduced to one third of their number, were ragged, worn down by fatigue, and emaciated. The ~ officers of Captain Gillespie’s party said there were wheel carriages. at San Diego, 39 miles distant, and it was determined tosendthere for the means of conveying our wounded. Early in the da Godey, with a few picked men, was on his way by a circuitous route to that place Z ae “ . F Our position was defensible, but the ground, covered with rocks and cacti, made it difficult to get a smooth place to rest, even for _the wounded. The night was cold and , and notwithstanding © Our excessive fatigues of the day and night previous, sleep was im- vi, | : December '7.—Day dawned on the most tattered and illefed de-"§ tachment of men that ever the United States mustered under her colors. ‘The enemy’s pickets and a portion of his force were seen in front. he “indefatigable exertions of ‘Dr. Griffin, Were doing well, and the general enabled to mount his horse. mi °C ae ta theibuaye Francois Ménard, had lost his life in the fight of the day before. The general resumed the command, placing Captain Tur- ner, of the dragoons, in command of the remnant of dragoons, which were consolidated into one company. ~ Arranging our wounded and the packs in the centre, we marched ‘towards San Diego in the direction of the San Barnardo rancheria, taking the right hand road over the hills, and leaving the river San Barnardo to the left. The enemy retired as we advanced. When _ we arrived at the rancheria of San Barnardo, we watered our horses ot. . and killed chickens for the sick. The rancheria was the property of Mr. Snooks, an Englishman; it was deserted except by a few Indians. Finding no grass about the rancheria, we. moved on towards the bed of the river, driving many cattle before us. We had scarcely left the house and proceeded more than a mile, when,a cloud of cavalry debouched from the hills in our rear, anda portion of them jesbed at full speed to occupy a hill by which we must pass, while the remainder threatened our rear. Thirty or forty of them got fossession of the hill, and it was necessary to drive them from it. his was accomplished by a, small party of six or eight, upon whom the Californians discharged their fire; and strange to say, not one of our men fell.. The capture of the hill was then but the work of a moment, and when we reached the crest, the Californians had mounted their horses and were in full flight. We did not lose a’ man in the skirmish, but they had several badly wounded. B this movement we lost our cattle, and were convinced that if we December 8.—We bored holes for Site a killed’ the fattest of our mules for meat. Inthe morning a flag of truce was sent into our camp, informing us that Andreas Pico, the commander of the Ss forces, had just,captured four Americans, and wished to exchange them for a like number of Californians. We had but one to exchange, and with this fellow I was sent to meet Andreas Pico, whom I found to be a gentlemanly lockwaap*< rather hand- | me : ate E : Mio on verantion was shorts: for I saw the man he wished to ex- change was Burgess, one those sent on the morning of the 6th to San Diego, and we were very anxious to know the result of his mission. Taking rather a contemptuous leave of his late cap- tors, he informed us of the safe arrival of himself and Godey at San Diego. He also stated that when captured, his party, consist- ing of himself and two others, on their return from San Diego, had previously ‘‘ cached”’ their letters under a tree, which he pointed out; but on subsequent examination, we found the letters had been abstracted. ~~" : J Our wounded were still in no condition to:move; to haye at- | a Wi | 17] “tempted to transport them would have required one half of our fighting force, and it was decided most expedient to wait until they could be carried on horseback. At night, Lieutenant Beale, of the navy, Mr. Carson, and an Indian, volunteered to go to San Diego, 29 miles distant—an expedition of some peril, as the enemy now occupied all the passes to that town. e observations made to-night give, for the latitude of this camp, 33° 03’ 42”, and the longitude 117° 03’ 29”, | Don Antonio Robideaux, a thin man of fifty-five years, slept next to me. The loss of blood from his wounds, added to the coldness of the night, 28° Fahrenheit, made me think he would never see day- light, but I was mistaken. He woke me to ask if I did not smell coffee, and expressed the belief that a cup of that beverage would save his life, and that nothing else would. Not knowing there had been any coffee in camp for many days, I supposed a dream had carried him back to the cafés of St. Louis and New Orleans, and it was with some surprise I found my cook heating a cup of coffee over a small fire made of wild sage. One of the most agreeable little offices performed in my life, and I believe in the cook’s, to whom the coffee belonged, was, to pour this precious draught into the waning body of our friend Robideaux. His warmth returned, ~ and with it hopes of life. In gratitude he gave me, what was then a great rarity, the half of a cake made of brown flour, almost — black with dirt, and which had, for greater security, been hidden in the clothes of his Mexican servant,a man who scorned ablutions. I eat more than half without inspection, when, on breaking apiece, _ the bodies of several of the most loathesome insects were exposed to my view. My hunger, however, overcame my fastidiousness, and the: morceau did not appear particularly disgusting till after our arrival at San Diego, when several hearty meals had taken off — the keenness of my-appetite, and suffered my taste to be more del- tcate. : Last night the brave Sergeant Cox died of his wounds, and was buried to-day deep in the ground, and covered with heavy stones, to - prevent the wolves from tearing him up. This was a gallant fellow, who had, just before leaving Fort Leavenworth, married_a pretty wif ae e. : . : December 10.—The enemy attacked our camp, driving before them a band of wild horses, with which they hoped to produce a stampede. Our men behaved bh a aige a4 coolness, turning off _ the wild animals dexterously. Two or three of the fattest were killed in the charge, and formed, in the shape of a gravy-soup, an agreeable substitute for the poor steaks of our worn down brutes, on which we had been feeding for a number of days. pe Doctor Griffin gave the welc me information that all the sick, | but two, were able to get in the saddle, and orders were given to ~ march the next morning. - ay: a mG There was little expectation that Carson and Lieutenant Beale would succeed in reaching San Diego; the hiding place pointed — out by Burgess was examined, and the letters from San Diego were not found. ee on peer a Se ae ee 112 _ We were all reposing quietly, but not sleeping, waitnig for the break of day, when we were to go down and give the enemy an- other defeat.” One of the men, in the age of the camp assigned to wy 5 hi reported that he heard a man speaking in English. In we heard the tramp of a column, followed by the hail of the sentinel. It was a detachment of 100 tars and 80 ma- rines under Lieutenant Gray, sent to meet us by Commodore Stock- _ton, from whom we learned that Lieutenant Beale, Carson, and the Indian, had arrived safely in San Diego. The detachment left San Dieoo on the night of the 9th, cached themselves during the da of the 10th, and joined us on the night .of that day. These gallant fellows basred themselves till day distributing their proyidipne and clothes to our naked and hungry people. December 11.—The junction of our forces was a cuallpiete sur- prise to the enemy, and when the sun rose, but a small squadron of horse was to be seen at Stokes’s rancheria. They had fled pre- cipitately, leaving most of the cattle behind them, for which we had been contending for the last three days. None of our men were mounted—theirs were all mounted; and why they should have left their stock is inconceivable. t wis certainly not incompati- ble with their safety to have carried them all away. The only way . of accounting for it, is, by supposing our night attack had "all ed - them with the unnecessary fear of being surprised. We drove por cattle before us. ‘Our march was in close order, over a road leading shrough a rotling country of light black soil; destitute of trees, and without sie cand with oats indigenuous to the soil, now fallen to de- e grass in protected places was sprouting, but. not in suf- ferent quantity to afford grazing to our stock. After marching twelve miles we arrived at the rancheria of Signor Alvarado, a sevson who was in the fight against us. The women and children had fled to the mountains, leaving plenty of turkies, chickens, goats and sheep behind; also two casks of wine, the produce of the country. The Haver committed on the comestibles was immense; the sheep not killed were driven by us into San Diego. The owner _ taken the oath of allegiance to the United States and broken the navy took a prisoner at this house as they marched to meet %.: e gave us much information, and was then liberated. He a that Pico’s force ow oe 160 men, 100 of which were rawn from the Pueblo, balance from the surrounding cou ntry. We subsequently received authentic accounts that his number was 180 men engaged in the fight, and that 100 additional = men were sent him from the pact who reached his camp on the | There was a feng at this rancheria, and another two miles pe hill, befate reaching the rancheria, the Pacific opened for the first time 45 our view, the sight producing strange | but agreeable — One of the mountain men who had never seen the ocean 7 113 74 before, opened his arms and exclaimed: “Lord! there is a great prairie without a tree.” y _ December 12.—We followed the Solidad through a deep fertile % valley in the shape of a cross. Here we ascended to the left a a ) steep hill to the table lands, which, keeping for a few miles, we de- _ scended into a waterless valley, leading into False bay at a point ! distant two or three miles from San Diego. At this place we were in yiew of the fort overlooking the town of San Diego and the bar- | ren waste which surrounds it. The town consists of a few adobe houses, two or three of which | only have plank floors. It is situated at the foot of a high hill on | asand flat, two miles wide, reaching from the head of San Diego — bay to False bay. A high promontory of nearly the same width, Tuns into the sea four or five miles and is connected by the flat with the main land. The road to the hide houses leads east- ward of this promontory, and abreast of them the frigate Con- }. gress andthe sloop Portsmouth are at anchor. The hide houses are a collection of store houses where the hides of cattle are packed _before being shipped; this article forming the only trade of the little town. = _The bay is a narrow arm of the sea indenting the land some four _ or five miles, easily defended, and having twenty feet of water at | the lowest tide. The rise is said to be five feet, making the great- est water twenty-five feet. # Standing on the hill which overlooks the town, and looking to the northeast, I saw the mission of San Diego, a fine large building now deserted. The Rio San Diego runs under ground in a direct course from’the mission to the town, and sweeping around the hill, discharges itself into the bay. Its original debouche was into False bay, where, meeting the waters rolling in from the seaward, _ a bar was formed by the deposite of sand, making the entrance of False bay impracticable. | : ‘Well grounded fears are entertained that the immense quantity of 7 ay 12 ‘that of San Francisco. In the opinion of some intelligent navy However, the commercial metropolis must be at San Francisco, > Li ie gato: } the Gila to the Del Norte, and thence to the Mississippi and the Atlantic. ¢” . ahs ens | , The rain fell in torrents as we entered the town, and it was my ~ | Singular fate here, as in Santa Fé, to be quartered in the calaboose, ¥ a miserable hut, of one room, some 40 + 30 feet square. A huge is ti ne ee Seo, hi ee lige 3 114 old gun was mounted in this hovel, looking through an embrasure to the westward. In this building I was told that I could stow my party and my instruments safely. - _ We preferred the open-air and the muddy plaza, saturated with all sorts of filth, to this wretched hole; but having no alternative, our chronometers and instruments were stowed in it and guarded by the indefatigable Mr, Bestor. I went off to accept from the hos- pitality of a friend the first bed I had seen in many months. About midnight there was one of those false alarms which ever and anon disturbed this goodly town. Four burly fellows rushed to man this gun, but they found themselves unexpectedly opposed by Mr. Bestor and two or three of my party. But for this timely re- sistance, my whole little stock of chronometers, barometer, &c., . would have been totally destroyed. In the morning, through the _ kind exertions of my friend, Captain Gillespie, I was enabled to | get a house with two rooms, the only unoccupied quarters in the — town. Foreseeing employment of a different nature, my little 5 patty occupied themselves busily in collecting and bringing up ~~ the notes of our field-work. _ On the 28th December I received notification from General a Kearny to leave my party in San Diego and report te him for duty, as the acting adjutant general of the forces; Captain Turner, his adjutant general, having been assigned “by him to the command o _ the remnant of the company of the Ist dragoons. = “Mr. Warner was still too unwell, from the wounds received at San’ Pasqual, to accompany us, or to commence the survey of San Diego bay. Wishing to have a secure place to deposite my instruments, notes, &c., T applied to Captain Dupont to give them aplace on board the Cyane, He granted this request, and kindly _. 4imsisted that, Mr. Bestor and Mr. Stanly should also go on board, where they could pursue their work unmolested. _ [should be very ungrateful if I-did not here make my acknow- _ ledgments to Captain Dupont, and all the officers of the nayy with as Eg iy r whom we were thrown in contact, for the uniform kindness and the ani . generous hospitality with which they always supplied our personal wants, and the promptness with which they rendered assistance in ‘amy public enterprise. ~ ‘ y work as topographical engineer may be considered to end at | se place; and that portion of the map embraced between San Diego and the Pueblo or Ciudad de los Angeles is compiled from existing maps, with slight alterations made by myself from a view : of the ground, without the aid of instruments. : The coast is taken from old Spanish charts, published in Madrid _ in 1825, kindly furnished me by Captain Wilkes. The harbor of © San Diego has been surveyed by Captain, Sir Edward Belcher, of - » the royal navy, whose determination of the longitude of the spit to _. thé»south of Punta Loma, published in his ‘¢ voyage round the world,” has been adopted, in the absence of time or instruments to , enable me to make the requisite observations. _ The longitude of the same point by Malispina 117° 17’, and the _ . chronometric longitude brought by myself from my last station — : Sikes, and-twenty-five men, Indians, and yeaaialres the whole mediate stations by lunar distances, and, next, from the disturb- — ~ volumes of kelp driven into the harbor. _ properly pect: a very good infantry poldier. 115 | [7] +} ovér the mountains, where lunar distances were observ ed, nr Ww 7 but I have not hesitated to take the results of Sir Edward B Belcher, 4 although I have had no opportunity of seeing his observations. = Malispina’s observations were made long since, and thevresults’ from the chronometers brought overland by me are liable to ee we ! tions: first, from the imperfection in the determination of my i +4 ances to which the chronemeters were subjected in the battle of | the 6th December, and the skirmish of the 7th, but more particu- | larly the last, where a sudden charge was made in an open plains # on our baggage by the enemy’s cavalr he harbor was originally explored by Sebastian Sper in 1603, but no settlement was made at San Diego until 1 Vesse ls may ride at anchor in the harbo npertensig landlocked but in very heavy southerly gales some i convenience may befelt by those’not provided with good ground tackle, from the rama és ch 4 The kelp (fucus gigantens) occupies a ‘space in: front of the hare bor some miles in length and half a mile wide. Ata distance; I took the kelp for a low island, but was informed of my error by Captain Sehenclss who told me vessels were forced through: it in’ stiff breeze. On the morning of the 29th December we marched out of San a —- with the following force: : Capt. Lieut. Sergt.' Corpl. “Bug.” Privates Drag fey fee Phe 1 2 4 yr Ballons oie artillery... 1 1 2 4 Sailors and marines act- ing infantryss swe vee 0) B 161 10 Volunteers os 0 esvedse ee 3 2: Three employés of the sapontapticall engineers; > three. meilical io divided: into’ four divisions or battalions, commanded res in’ Turner,” Lieutenant Renshaw, Lieutenant Zielin pie..% : ix pi | il of various calibre, got up with | Sie gegen? modore Algae by Lieutenant’. treme. We ai d not reac 8 o’ clock at ni I was ordered: te ride rats and lay outs : hoping to give confidence to the sailors, many” lee i for the first time, transferred. to a new cheairete oe We soon found their habits of discipline ab oe eer transition easy,vand I speedily arrived at the conclusion ‘hat J ack, , | The plan of the camp being approved, I was directed to make it _ the habitual order of encamping wherever the configuration of the i} ground would admit. The plan was the natural one to protect i I 116 . unset. Our road to-day diverged from that heretofore described, and laid over a rolling country, destitute of water and trees. Cattle the-door to receive us and deliver up possession. here we halted for the day to let the sailors, who suffered ea ak : % ‘. x = Pt ETH in many instances life has been taken by the Californians without — being held accountable by the laws of the land. | This mission of San Luis Rey was, until the invasion of Cali- } fornia by the Americans, in 1846, considered as public property. — Just before that everit took place, a sale was made of it for a small — consideration, by the Mexican authorities to some of their ow ee | people, who felt their power passing away, and wished to turn a honest penny whilst there was power left; but this sale was un- ion of the Pir Severely checked, if not beaten back from it; but i : Tested, and ches lee at Aya . - a a a a 4 ye ee eee sata ae Po es te oil “i ¥ # . : wha E23) ot ee & of the stream leading from pe mission of San Juan de Capristano, and about two miles from the mission. . -' It was so dark I could not see to lay off the lines of the camp accurately, and I was glad,in the morning, that an early start gave no time for criticism. Distance 18.8 miles. > ae ae y 5.—The mission of San Juan has passed into the hands of the Pico family. The cathedral was once a fine sti ng, with an arched cupola; only one-half of the building, ing s¢ rs _... Attracted by a house having a to keep out intruders, I was told there were four men within, in the “ag ‘agonies of death, from wounds received at the battle of San Pasqual. “We moved to the Alisos (Sycamore) rancheria, where we found a ring 0.0 but nothing to eat. Through the kindness of Lr Foster, an Englishman, we received here a supply of fresh ally through the valley of the stream water- ch side'were beautiful rounded hills, covered — to this point, except a small patch at Flores, I had not seen ark of a plough oPaity other instrument of husbandry. cherias were entirely supported by rearing cattle and horses. Distance 11.1 miles. January 6.—To-day we made a long march of 19 miles to the er Santa Anna, a town situated on the river of the same name. ‘ere now near the enemy, and the town gave evidence of it. a soul was to be seen; the few persons remaining in it were old n, who, on our approach, had bolted their doors. The leaders Californians, as a means of inciting their people to ar ae elieve. we would plunder their houses and viola ‘i ‘ “eit ‘ i = oh i advanta e x; eep ditch for one face of the defensible position between the town an ox In this hope we were mistaken. The wind blew a hurri- ; (something very unusual in this part of California,) and the that one could ds. eat many more, On ‘its < ee. Be a - appt ea a r a rn J whsh bis Pd : say ‘ * y y Y, Note ny dae t ! Way . The Mexicans fell back and Camped i | © Ho ‘ *, at A,and during the sp rj ae oe hy eS * retreated uv the ¢ “egion B k : , Lg ; ; : oe SKETCH o tne PASSAGE a ‘ ; < THE i — RIO SAN GABRIEL | ‘ UPPER CALIFORNIA Ji oe ae “ c ie oe : Americans, iting” bd f Fg cng ; the opposing Mexican Forces Peg, unit the Mex Battery : : oppositi ec JANUARY 8" 1847. aon 4 * 10 3 2. ‘he of uncultivated land within the levee? irrigation. Wenow began Yow After travelling ten miles: we came to, the Coyotes, a rancheria pwnedest<) widow lady, who had just married a handsome young ecame in sight of theSanGabriel river. _ : uad : and it besanie aye apparent thesehony intended to dispute the river. Pita dg “pulled over by the men, and placed in counter passage of the carbiniers in the rear; our cattle and the wagon train in the centre, — a habitually in the order to resist cavalry attacks when ” ‘enemy. We had no cavalry, and the object of the er’ uick-sand. Eit at point bein a on ; As we neared the thicket, we receive A squadron of 250 cavalry just showed their heads above t] the river. As the line wasabout the middle opened his battery, and made the water fly with hot. Our artillery was now ordered to cross—1i os on 4 ee . : $ a rx ae oe, . oer ; & F ‘. my’s side 5 We the river, "Oi people, aS brisk in firing, ake the . d . RB menons and cattle were forced with cay labor across, the river, our atl In an hour and twenty minutes our b gage ‘train had all crossed, the iter of the enemy was sg nd agghay ge ill. alf way Betiéed the hill and. a aM the enemy riitide a furious charge on our left flank. At t same moment, our ite was threatened. The 1st and 2d battal 4 ‘order was countermanded; tk was directed to rush for the tested point, but Sige ot Shir surprise to Rind it abandoned. ‘he enemy pitched his camp on the hills in view, but when . Morning came, he was gone. We had no means of pursuit, and Marca’ the power of locomotion, such was the wretched condition of our wagon train. The latter it was still oe to drag along for the purpose of feeding the gasison, intended to be ~ cle of foil. Distance 9.3 mile January 9.—The grass wa very short and young, and our cattle were not much recruited by the night’s rest; we commenced 1 our Ais leisurely, at 9 o’clock, over the “ Mesa, ” a wide : Be een the Rio San Gabriel and the Rio San Ferhandé lk ae Bicds addressed his men, ‘aha called on them to make one _jhote charge; expressed his confidence in thei ability to break our yesterday he had been deceived i in supposing that he was fighting dol diers x _ We inclined a little to pe left to avoid giving Floredithe adyan- ge of the ground to post his artillery; in other respects we con- Eat our march on — Pueblo as if he were not in view. oreast of him, he opened his artilléry at a long ied our march without halting, except fora = in thé cart, and once to exchange of the guns. 4d lores d eployed his Fhe. making a horse shoe our | and opened his nine-pound ers on our right flank, and smaller Wieves on our front. The shot from the nine-pounders 7 Jp a * i ae ht] eae C ie left in the Ciudad de los Angeles, the report being that the Sty ; intended, if we reached that aa to burn and destroy every arti- fire of the enemy wild and uncertain. Under this cover, the . rs yg cee Ce ee SS . sie -s GEL. _ : os mm fe ‘ "Hetty, h ar PMN « Ne — “y in ou yt 2% Dep Beir. : ' des? ae SKETCH of te BATTLE ~ AN | i ; Ni il ite i “aack ought icerecs: e Americans © a ~ a an Mexicans a #* ee ee a a a i be . * 121 eS ca on our flank was so annoying that we halted to silence them. In - about fifteen minutes this was done, and the order “ forward” again | ‘given, when the enemy came down on our left flank in a scattering _ sort of charge, and notwithstanding the efforts of our officers to make their men hold their fire, they, as is usually the case under similar circumstances, | delivered it whilst the Californians were about a hundred yards distant. This fire knocked many out of th saddles, and checked fe A round of grape was then fired upon them, and they scattered. A charge was made simultaneously with this on our rear, with about the same success. We e consid ed this as the beginning of the fight, but it was the end of it Californians, the most expert horsemen in the world, stripped the dead horses on the field, without dismounting, and carried off most of theifsaddles, bridles, and all their dead and wounded on horse- back to the hills to. the right. It was now about three o’clock, and the town, knot to contain” great ‘quantities of wine and aguardiente, was four miles distant. From previous experience of the difficulty of controlling men when entering towns, it was determined to cross the river San Fer nando, halt there for the night, and enter the town in the morning © - with the whole day before us. The distance to-day, 6.2 mil _', After we had pitched our camp, the enemy came down from - hills, and 400 horsemen, with the four pieces of artillery, drew off towards the town, in order and regularity, whilst about sixty mad a movement down the river, on our rear and left flank. This us to suppose they were not yet whipped, as we thought, we Poaston have a night attack. January 10.—Just as we had raided our camp, a flag of borne by Mr. Selis a Ca Mee Mr. oun a se glis hman, Alvarado Bs. ce of rancheria at t is ot gl apn ap dear City of th eigel idk is ay render their Beh ity 0 e ngels rovide e wou i # ; gels, p ie not bi gether a" ei. ‘ 1e hiek ‘dfthe same eit. e done if expecting an attach = a i ra a wise precauti KS for the streets were full of despctate®” | : | ran dished their arms and salut ted us The crest, overlooking the town, in 3 | ho: sa, engaged in the same hos- | ee, pitable man em hi the dealt Vhdy of one our. soldi Tanase ae ido Wed: uateadilyron: 11 “into the public square, when a fight Rconee ie the “Califor: ians | i) f ; became disarmed, and to avoid death rolled Tn j Ra ~~ down th at pe es ds us, his adversary pursuing and lan one. aon “ in the m ‘ blooded manner. The age wines 2 be h Lee be one of our ee ae cee the Mga ease “The crew ie Cyane, ‘nearest the scene, ee bated ~ we the man. that. was on "ee ee ' | lancing him a yolley, strange to say he did nét fall. Almost at the — same instant, but a little before it, the Californians from the hill ' did ‘fire on the vaqueros. “The rifles were then ordered to clear the hill, which a single fire effected, killing two of the enemy. We _ were now in possession of the town; great silence and mystery was observed by the Californians in regard to Flores; but we Were given to understand that he had gone to fight the force from the _ north, drive them back, and then starve us out of the town, ‘To- wards the close of the day we learned very certainly that Flores, with 150 men, chiefly Sonorians, and desperadoes of the country, had fled to Sonora, taking with him four or five hundred of the best horses and mulesin the country, the property of his own friends. The silence of the Californians was now changed into deepgand bitter curses upon Flores. ¥ ; Se Age ae ome slight disorder took place among our men at night, from ‘the facility of getting wine, but the vigilance of the officers soon suppressed it. January 11.—It rained in torrents all day. I was ordered to se- with this in view, arapid reconnoissance of the town was made, and - the plan of a fort sketched, so placed as to enable a small garrison - to command the town and the principal avenues to it. The plan _ was approved. Many men-came in during the day and surrendered themselves. _ January 12.—I laid off the work, and, before night, broke the _ first ground. The population of the town, and its dependencies, is i itre - hold out till ar come from San Diego, San Francisco, or Monte- - _ grapes and luscious pears, the latter resemb: n P the _ i ot pear, but different in shape, being longer er ee €; -: ar ira ” > ™ sequently to my leaving the Cindad de los Angeles, the ei the fort was i, and Fam not the projector of the work-fmallyadegied for f that town. = ce HL ios - ee ae eee en ee, ear oo Pe e's es % 3 - dect a site, and place a fort, capable of containing a hundred men; ee ice t | January 15.—The details ae on the fort were by com | nies. I sent to Captain Tilghman, who commanded on the hill, to detach one of the companies under his command to commence ‘the | .work. He furnished, on the 16th, a company of artillery (seamen from. the Congress,) for the day’s work, which they performed _ | bravely, and gave me great hopes of success: © Sees January 18, 19, and 20.—I received special orders which sepa- | rated me from the command, and the oS of topographical engi- .. neers that had been so long under my or thas The battles of the’ ecember, aoe the 8th and i January, had forever broken the Mexican authority i in Califo , and they &e were daily coming in, in large parties, to sue for peace, and every move indicated a sincere: desire on the part of the more respectable portion of the Californians to yield without further strugghe to the United States authorities; yet small parties of the more desperate and revengeful hung about the mountains and roads; refusing or hesitating to yield obedience to their leaders, who now, with great _ unanimity, determined to lay down their arms. General Flo at ee with a small force, was known to have taken the road to Sonora, — and it was believed he was on his way to that province, never to re- turn to California. Leaving General Keehnry at San Juan de Capristano, on his re-— turn to ‘San Diego, I took three men and pushed on-for the latter Place. Halting late in the evening at the deserted Indian ranche- ie of Santa Margarita, we broke open one of the Indian huts, and t some corn and pumpkins for our animals. When nig bt oN ae number of insects about the hut, and the intolerable no * ie by the wolves, kept en sleep. The moon re Thee * and about ten at gation we im ot In this determ movemént of se ral 3 -Teconnoitred our “cam ake tlona proof that some of th » Cali ns V 1 5 dus very reasonably to ia conclusion that our only safety was in “changing © our camp. We reached the missi ‘Rey, ye © and found not a human being stirring _ The immense pile of build- _ 4 ing, eremaaged md the papel rays of the moon, stood out in bold dim hor ‘izon; monument of the zeal of the indefati-_ 3 by wes was built. “Now untenanted and ae ae offered | no. resti or the weary and hungry, and we rode © place fe on, determined to. halt ee the first. Pipegetent grass should be i in a abundance. — “ e road. here divides into two ‘branches; one leads pte wwesty by the ranches h lan f San Barnardo, the — directly to San Di unning: pearly ee el to the sea coast.. The 1 we had marche d on the Pueblo de los A oe ogged along, shivering with the cold air of the elevated hills. _ About twelve, we came to a large patch of luxuriant grass, wet Sad — ‘ eae most of their days in traversing untrodden regions, we ; ] with dew. Upon this we loosened our animals and attempted to | t ' get a little sleep, but, in the absence of blankets or fire, the cold de- prived us of repose, and the dawn of day found us again in our _ saddles. _ The only habitation on the road from San Luis Rey to San Diego | isa hut about half way, where there is a good spring. Its occu- » pants had just returned from the wars, quite as hungry as we were. They had preceded us not more than twenty minutes, yet they had a fat bullock killed, and choice bits of his flesh roasting before the We outnumbered the party, and consequently received their | | | hospitality, which was extended to us with a good deal of bon-. - hommie. | _. They conversed freely of the battles fought but afew days be- . fore, acknowledged their participation in them, and expressed them- selves satisfied of the uselessness of farther resistance without aid — from Mexico. __. The fresh meat of a bullock is all that is required by the Califor- nian for breakfast, dinner, and supper. __-- Bread, tea, and coffee are rarely, if ever, used, and even when within their reach, looked upon with indifference. ” We very soon fell into their habits, and it is probable the troops _ in California, at this time, would not consider it an excessive hard- — ‘ship to make a campaign with no other stores in the commissariat _- than a plentiful supply of fresh beef. The white teeth of the Cal- -ifornians, and the blood tingling in the cheeks of their olive col- - ored faces would seem to prove this beef to be a very healthy diet. os he advantages in the movement of troops that are contented _- with this kind of subsistence is very great, enabling them to move without wagons, and with no other care for the morrow than herd- © ing the animals intended for food. _ : _. Our host was so well pleased with the manner in which we acquit- ted ourselves at his rude repast, that forgetting old animosities, he saddled up his jaded horse, and piloted us for five or six miles,” until we reached the broad trail, leading to the Solidad. ; | About midday we reached San Diego, and next morning taking _ leave of my men and the animals that had done us such good ser- vice, I embarked on board the prize brig Malek Adhel, commanded by Lieutenant Schenck, of the navy, and prepared to take my leave | _-of Upper or Alta California. Before doing so, however, I may » venture upon a few general remarks, based upon pérsonal observa- tions, upon the topography, climate, and products of that portion of the country not covered by my survey, or that of others. These. observations were made after I had become separated from my as- ts. The information contained in them is, therefore, less precise han that contained in other portions of my journal. ‘The region, extending from the head of the Gul. the parallel of the Pueblo, or Ciudad de los Ange! | not heretofore coveted by my own notes and j we of California , is the only ournal, or by istants and instruments, my mind being engrossed with other sub- 125 [7]. = ; |the notes and journals of other scientific expeditions fitted out by the United States. | The journalsand published accounts of these several expeditions: combined, will give definite ideas of all those portions of Califor- ‘nia susceptible of cultivation or settlement. From this remark is to be excepted the vast basin watered by the Colorado, and ‘the country lying between that river and the range of Cordilleras, rep- Tesented as running east of the Tulare lakes, and south of the parallel of 36°, and the country between the Colorado and Gila rivers. _ a _ Of these regions nothing is known except from the reports of trappers, and the speculations of geologists. As far as these ac- counts go, all concur in representing it as a waste of sand and rock, unadorned with vegetation, poorly watered, and unfit, it is believed, | for any of the useful purposes of life. A glance at the map will and desert; when every other grand division of the earth presents some prominent feature in the economy of nature, administering to the wants of man. Possibly this unexplored region may be filled with valuable minerals. — _ Ihave alluded, elsewhere, to the population of this country, the + bring the mind to the belief in the existence of such a sea of waste ee Savage character of which is another obstacle to its exploration, : and has tended to veil in mystery its true character and resources, — Alta California, between the 31st and 34th parallels of latitude ‘show what an immense area is embraced in these boundaries; and, ; ‘notwithstanding the oral accounts in regard to it, it is difficult to _ * | presents to the eastern man, accustomed to navigable rivers and i | broad estuaries of the ocean, topographical features of a very un- ‘usual character. SS eee : ais . | wo chains of mountains traverse the country in.a direction nearly parallel to the sea coast, slightly converging towards each @ther, and finally uniting near the parallel of 32°. Here they form and terminating abruptly in the ocean, at Cape San Lucas. he first chain (that nearest the coast) may be considered a Steppe of the seeond or interior range of mountains. It impinges on the coast at three different points, Santa Barbara, San Juan de Capristano, and between San Luis Rey and San Diego—at the | first two places with so much boldness as to make it necessary to conduct the road along the margin of the sea, between the lines of high and low water mark,so that both Santa Barbara and San Juan present points worthy of consideration to the military command- the promontory of Lower California, extending its entire length, age | ~The second gs. Ng P<, a ene * > a oe ee: eae oy ae Rae ee Par gies. Opt & 2 E 1 to 20 or 30 miles. The surface covered with vegetation, though small, is difficult to estimate; and perhaps it is unimportant that an estimate should be made, since the productiveness of these re- gions depends on other considerations than smoothness of surface, and character of soil. The rains cannot be relied upon, and the tiller’ ofthe earth depends upon. irrigation from the mountain streams for his crops. The extent of ground, capable of tillage, ® isthus reduced to. very narrow limits, easy of computation. A _ knowledge of the water courses, their fall, volume and extent, and — the quantity of lands on their margin, within the level of. these * waters, are-the data upon which the computation must be based. Taking this as a guide, an inspection of the accompanying map will give a general idea of the extent of arable ground, sufficiently correct for all practical purposes; but, in candor it should be said, that many streams laid down in it disappear in the sand, while the” _ rocky cliffs, forming the banks of others, render irrigation im= _ practicable. e scale upon which the map is projected is too small to represent these accidentsof the ground. a gee Where irrigation can be had in this country, the produce of the ~ soil: is abundant beyond description.. All the grains and fruits of the» temperate zones; and many of those of the tropical, flourish Vuxuriantly. » Descending from the heights of San Barnardo to the Pacific, one meets every degree of temperature. Near the coast, the winds _ prevailing from the southwest in winter, and from the northwest in - summer, produce a great uniformity of temperature, and the climate | is perhaps unsurpassed in salubrity.. With the exception of a very few,cases of ague and fever of a mild type, sickness is unknown. ‘The season of the year at which we visited the country was un- fayorable to obtaining a knowledge of its botany. The vegetation, mostly deciduous, had gone to decay, and no flowers nor seeds were collected. The country. generally, is entirely destitute of trees. + _ Along .the principal range of mountains are a few live oaks, syca- more, and pine; now and then, but very rarely, the sycamore and cotton wood occur in the champaign country, immediately on the - margins of the streams. ; : + | _ - Wild oats every where cover-the surface of the hills, and these ith; the..wild mustard and carrots, furnish good pasturage tothe me se herds of cattle, which form the staple of California. © 3 _ Of the manyfruits capable of being produced with success, by culture and. irrigation, the grape is perhaps that which is brought nearest to perfection. a | _. Men experienced in growing it, and Europeans, pronounce the - - soil and -climate of ‘this portion of California, unequalled for the quality of the grape and the wine expressed from it. i _ _ We sailed from San Diego on the 25th of January, and coasted alo: + 7 ‘ M he rocky and barren shores of Lower California... The in- n in reference to’this country, which it wasin my power to not so precise as that which might be derived from an ac- and I have therefore embodied it in the appendix. veryrespectfully, yours; - ie ots We, Had MODE. 2318 at ‘the honor to a aa a Sek hes is ee the press, completed with the exception of my essay; and the prin- ter presses me for it. The map, which will accompany it, is prin- gx Gipaly intended to show the original abodes of the Indian tribes. — a ie #, mation contained in your APPENDIX No. 1. a . New York, Ocfober 1, 1847. Dear Sir: IT return youany thanks for the very interesting infor- | etter of the 20th of September,* It unfortunately happens that I cannot wait for the arrival of © your papers, or for the publication.of the map of the. War Depart- ment. My essay makes part.of the second volume of the transac- tions of the New York Ethnological Society. The work is now in- my correctness. But there is a consideration, which makes me anxious to obtain every possible information respecting the Rio Gila, and — especially its upper waters. , You may not be aware that a work has lately been recovered and be presented as a sketch, without pretensions to accurate ce a ublished, which contains a full and authentic account of an expe-. _ bittéa in the year 1540-1542, by order. of the viceroy Mindoga, and under the conduct’ of Vasquez Coronado. It consisted of 356 Spaniards and 800 Indians. Setting off from Culiacan, they reached 4 the sources of the Rio Gila, passed across the mountains to the reached the buffalo plains, through which they wandered a consi- — depending exclu in villages uilt dened matter vely on agriculture for their subsistence, dwel f mud, (torchis,) mixed with certain balls of € ted together. The houses were ger Ets terraces, and an unde the men, and ti oS 21S -apartment occupied ex< by ss tite: ‘ah = _* This letter gives a general outline ¢ pas language, and a few of the Ramos * _— o gee ee aa fii Cg: ww in short, similar in every respect to the existing pueblo Mexico, and to the ruins of the Casas Grandes describ. he. erroneously to the Aztecs. é is ae With respect to New Mexico, one principal want is that of voca- -bularies, which would at once settle the question of identity with any of the Mexican nations. Thesame difficulty exists with re- sae to all the tribes of the country drained by the great Rio Co- ora specting the actual situation of what were called the seven villages of Cibala; of which’we can only say, that they were situated in a narrow valley six leagues long, and on the yery sources of some Gila. - é one branch of the Rio Gi of the river Gila on the 20th; now what I wish to know, is, © om what quarter did that main branch come, or in other words, . if you had ascended that main branch, what was its apparent course? What was the distance from the western foot of the Sierra Mim- _ bres to that main branch where you struck it? Did you, along that _ distance, cross any tributary streams of the Rio Gila, and from what quarter did they come? _ 2d. Can you furnish me with the approximate latitude of some - of the principal points observed when descending the river; prin- _ cipally the junction of the Salmas, the village of the Pimos In- _ dians, any other spot where evident traces of ruins were discovered, and the mouth of the river Gila. From what quarter did the river Salmas come? Did you carfy time with you, so as to obtain the relative longitude of some points? The most important would be — _ the spot where you left the Rio del Norte, that where ' _ the main branch of the Gila, the mouth of the Salmas, village, and the mouth of the Rio Gila. If you had no other means, till your travelled distance may ‘give a rough approximation. It seems to me that the easiest way to answer these two queries, You did not visit the mouth of the great 7 Colorado: but K th of the Gila was San Diego lath. w EF. Weber & Co. Balto 129 7 in latitude 32°,-and itis clear from what precedes, that it must be nearly one degree further south. Do you think that I may in my sketch set it down at about latitude 31°? ; 4th. The cultivation of cotton is one of great general impor- tance. As now informed, I believe that, independent of varieties, there are but two distinct species: the black seed, which is the na- tive American, and found as such no where else, and the green seed, which adheres to the staple, of Asiatic origin, thence brought to the Levant and the Mediterraenean, and imported into North » America, of which it was not a native. I cannot obtain inthis city a copy of Bomplant’s great botanical work, which would have thrown much light on the subject. I wish now to know, whether you took any notice of the cotton cultivated by the Pimos, and what species it was? I presume that it was not a native of that region, and that the seed must have been imported from Mexico, I now proceed to that which relates to the Indians, who are the principal objects of my researches. / “sib ave compared your vocabulary of the Coco Maricopas: with those of the four Mexican languages in my possession, and of thirty-two well ascertained families of Indians, living within the _ United States or further north, and have found no resemblancé with either. It is to me a quite new language, but there is a remarkable word. Apache is the word for man; and judging by analogy from - several other Indian languages, they should be Apaches or belong- ing to that family. Thus, for instance, amongst the Algonquin tribes, the names assumed by two of them, Illinois and Linno Li- nap, are evidently derived from Linno, a man. However this may e; I wish to have some further information respecting that tribe; to know with as much precision as you can, the quarter whence they came; their present location in reference to the Pimos, and par- ticularly whether and what they do cultivate; also, whether they ° are wilder than the Pimos, and whether on good terms with them. . 2d. You say that the accounts, by report, of the Indians-to the mouth of the Gila are conflicting and of an indefinite character. This observation applies to every information derived from other sources. We have as yet only vague rumors. Yet I wish to col- lect all these, as far as possible. A few legitimate inferences wae perhaps, be drawn by comparing them together; but it is principally for the purpose of enabling me to point out the most important ob- jects of inquiry that I wish to be thus informed. You will, there- fore, oblige me by communicating such rough notes as you may have taken on that subject, and also what were the abodes and occupations of the few scattered Indians whom you met on your journey. : is Pile. | (a.) Have you, by any direct observation, ascertained within 30’ the positive longitude, in reference to Greenwich, of any point on: the Rio del Norte or vicinity which may serve as a starting point ¥ There must be some kind of a dividing ridge which separates the waters of the river Gila from the waters that empty into the gulf of California. From what you say of Colonel Cooke’s Mea y ~ would infer that he left the Rio Norte a short distance aboye - 9 an ae ag eee Ses [7] 130° Passo, and that he must. have travelled. south of that. ridge, in an almost due west course to the Rio Colorado. ae use the word “Sierra Madre” in the sense attached to it by the Mexicans, viz: that ridge which separates the waters that fall — _into the Atlantic from the rivers which empty into the Pacific ocean, without any regard to its elevation I pray you to accept the assurances of my distinguished consid- eration and personal regard, ‘ - Your most:obedient a faithful servant, ALBERT GALLATIN. To Lieutenant W. H. Emory, U. S. Topographical Te pasier, Washington. Wasuineton, October 8, 1847. Dear Sir: In answer to your letter of the Ist instant, I have the pleasure to send you, with ‘the permission of the chief of my de- artment, a table of twenty-three geographical positions determined a myself, which you are at liberty to use; and, should you think the information of sufficient importance, I should feel much flat- _ tered that you should, as you propose, communicate them to, Mie Ethnological Society of New. York-for publication. ' o astronomical observations, that I am aware of, have ever be fore been made on the same grounds, if we except the observations of Dr. Coulter at the mouth of the Gila, which have never yet been published. ou will see that the posihiew of the Gila is very much changed, as well as that of Santa Fé, in New Mexic he observations were Be 3 with an 83 eee’ sextant, constructed . by the celebrated Gambey, of Paris. In most cases, the determina- tions 4s the places in latitude are the mean of the results obtained Aa y observations on north and south stars, of nearly equal linden, by which the errors of eccentricity, &c., in the sagetu ment were avoide ihe: longitudes a are derived from a combination of the oe the chronometers, and measurement of distances between the m oon and stars, nearly equi-distant on either side of it ad e chronometers used were two very good box ehsdkomeierss by Parkinson & Frodsham, (Nos. 783 and 2075.) . The observations themselves, including those between Santa Fé and Fort Leavenworth, (our point of departure,) in number 2,500 or 3,000, were all computed in the field, and are now undergoing verification by Professor Hubbard, a very ‘accurate young camputers attached to the observatory at W ashington ‘be comes tations for all the points embraced in the table sent “you, bave been verified. ‘he objects of « our expedition being purely raihiy tA the subjects f interest to scientific men were enly pursued so far as they were | incidental to the expedition, and did not interfere swith: its great ob- ject. The ppshiuments with which I was furnished were not thosey, - 131 aE perhaps, which I would have selected; at the same time there was nothing for me to regret, except the absence of a good portable . telescope, with which occultations of the fixed stars by the moon, and the immersion of Jupiter’s satellites, could have been observed, and a few pocket chronometers. : We left Washington on twenty-four hours’ notice, and time was not allowed to procure either the telescope or pocket chronometers. * Ist. We struck the Gila, as the table will show, in latitude 327 44’ 52" and longitude 108° 45’ west from Greenwich; thence its course is very nearly west. As well as we could judge from the course of the mountains, its course from that point to its source ‘was not very far from northeast or southwest. No tributaries to the Gila were crossed before reaching it, except one named by me Night creek, a very insignificant stream. e. Sierra Mimbres, 6,000 feet above the sea at the highest point where we crossed it, falls gradually and almost imperceptibly to the Gila. 2d. Your second interrogatory is answered principally, by the table of geographical! positions. 2 ‘The Rio Salinas comes in from the northeast, a little west and north of camp.97, of November 12. (See table.) This camp, the astronomical position of which is given in the table, is about mid- way between the villages of the Pimos and Coco Marricopas In- — dians. 3d. The table will show you that the junction of the Gila and. Colorado is on the parallel of 32° 43’ or 4'; and, im the absence of /more specific information, I would advise you to place the mouth of the Colorado on the parallel of 31° 51’, which is the:latitude given it by Lieutenant Hardy, of the royal navy, whose little book of travels in Mexico you have no doubt seen. fee 4th. Specimens of the seed of the cotton grown by the Pimos “were obtained, but they have not yet reached me. pil é ; ed ¢ Te me Ss TH | —- = euges nat ~~ between their present village and the mouth of the- Gila a ies are taller and more athletic than the Pimos, and what. struck me as very remarkable, the men had generally aquiline noses, . whilst those of the women were retroussérs ‘They occupy thatched cottages, thirty or forty feet in diameter, made of the twigs of cotton wood trees, interwoven with the straw of wheat, corn stalks, and cane. ; Cotton, wheat, maize, beans, pumpkins, and watermelons are the —~ agricultural products of these people. Their fields are laid in squares, and watered, by the Zequias, from the Gila river. Their implements of husbandry are the wooden plough, the harrow,. and the cast-steel axe, (procured probably from Sonora.) They have but few cattle, and not many horses. I observed, domestica- ted among them, ducks, Rasa and pigs. They had many or- naments of sea-shells, showing, in my opinion, their recent migra- tion from the gulf. From the character given of them by Carson, when he saw them in 1826, although they were then an agricultural people, I should think they had learned much by their proximity to their neighbors, the Pimos, whom they acknowledge as politi- cally their superiors, and with whom they live on terms of inti- mate and cordial friendship. The Marricopas impressed me as a more sprightly race than the Pimos; the interpreters of the Pimos were all natives of the Mar- ricopas band. The dress of both nations or bands was the same. That of the men a breech cloth and a cotton serape of Zdomestic manufacture; that of the women the same kind of serape pinned around the waist. and falling below the knees, leaving the breast and arms bare. Both nations cherished an aversion to war, and a profound at-- tachment to all the peaceful pursuits of life. This predilection arose from no incapaciiy for war, for they were at all times able and willing to keep the Apaches, whose hands are raised against all other people, at a respectful distance,and prevent depredations by those mountain robbers, who hold Chihuahua, Sonora, and a part of Durango in a condition approaching almost to tributary provinces. They have a high regard for morality, and punish transgressions. more by public opinion than by fines or corporeal punishments. ee il is unknown amongst them, and the crime of adultery,. pun with such fearful penalties amongst Indian nations gener- ally, is here almost unknown, and is punished by the contempt of the relatives and associates.of the guilty partie The — we met between the Del Norte aia the Pimos set-- é kek: iobebite all the country north and south of the Gila, and both ~ sides of = Del Norte, about the parallel of the Jornada and Dead — Man’s lak They h have no fixed habits, and the only vestiges of their abodes ae which We saw. were temporary sheds, a few feet high, made of the. % . Wherever the mountains did not impinge toa close on ther a4 “s | — is twigs of trees. They live principally by plundering the Mexicans of New Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora, an ngo. No vocabulary of their language was procured. I am inclined to think they extend up to the head waters of the Gila. Beyond them to the north is the warlike nation of the Navajoes, _ who, Mr. Fitzpatrick thinks, are allied to the Crow Indians. Near the head waters of the Salinas, which runs in a course, itis said, nearly northeast and southwest, is a band of Indians called the ‘Soones, who, in manners, habits, and pursuits, are said to resemble the Pimos, except that they live in houses scooped from the solid rock. Many of them are Albinos, which may be the consequence -of their cavernous dwellings. Surrounded by the warlike Navajoe, and the thieving Apache, they nevertheless till their soil in peace and security. ; Coming farther east, we reach the San José, a tributary to the Puerco, which is tributary to the Rio del Norte from the west, not the Rio Puerco represented on the map to flow into the Del Norte south of El Passo. Here is an Indian race living in four story houses, built upon rocky promontories inaccessible to a savage foe, cultivating the soil and answering the description of the seven cities of Vasquez Coronado, except in their present insignificance in size and population, and the fact that the towns, though near each other, are not in ‘a (con- tinuous) valley six leagues long,” but on different branches of the “same stream. The names of these towns are Cibolleta, Moquino, Pojuato, Covero, Acona, Laguna, Poblacon; the last a ruin. I did not visit these towns in person; but I hopeto get a minute description from one who did, and, should I succeed, it will be sent » sto. you. ' , » - s "ade The work you mention, of Castenada, has never been seen by ‘me. My‘own impression, and it is so stated in my journal, is that the many ruins we saw on the Gila might well be attributed to Indians of the races we saw in New Mexico, and on the Gila itself. | The implement for grinding corn, and the broken pottery, were © the only vestiges of the mechanical arts which we saw amongst the — ruins, with the exception of a few ornaments, principally immense well turned beads, the size of a hen’s eg ES jin The same corn grinder and pottery are now in use among the | Pimog. The corn grinder is merely a large stone, well worn, slightly concave, and another of different shape, convex, intended to fit the first and crush the corn between by the pressure of the hand. which is shown in the table, from thence to the Pimos vil shut out the valley, they were seen in great abundance, = should think, to ‘Sdieate a former population of at least Rear, ae The ruins on the Gila were first seen at camp 81, the position of ) sede 3 ist) [7] Bd dred thousand; and in one place, between camps 91 and 97, there is a long wide “valley, twenty miles in length, much of which i is. covered with the ruins of buildings and broken pottery. These ruins are uniformly of the same kind; not one stone now remains on the top of-the other; and they are only discoverable by the broken pottery around them, and stone laid in regular order, showing the trace of the foundation of a house. Most of these outlines are rectangular, and vary from 40 x 50: to 200 and 400 feet front. The stone are unhewn, and are most of an amygdaloid, rounded by attrition. Now of the tributaries which come into the Gila from the north, there are several besides the Salinas, which, at their mouths, are insignificant in size and can be stepped across; but in this whole region no legitimate inference can be drawn of ‘the size of a river, throughout its course, from that at any one pol : It may be large near its source, and after bec estate deserts of sand, through arid regions, serene by rains, become very auth and even disappear altoget | Therefore, except the Salinaas’ of which we have oral accounts, Be nothing i is known or can be inferred of the magnitude of these tri- | -butaries from their appearance at the junction. These tributaries come in near camp 81, where the mountains are so precipitous and bold no conjecture can be formed of their course. = The Salinas must have been the branch by which the expedition of Coronado ascended and crossed into New Mexico. Its general direction is not far from a line drawn from its mouth to Santa Fé, _ and nearly in this line are the seven towns mentioned as being on _ the head waters of the San José. Indians now pass from the Pimos i village to New Mexico on this route. __ I omitted to mention in its proper place, that we were informed by an intelligent Marricopas Indian that, about fifty miles from the mouth of the Salinas, was now standing, in a perfect state of pre- servation, the walls of a large three story building of mud, withits interior sides glazed and finely polished, and about it was to be Senos traces. of large eueqaibe, and broken pottery in great | There i is another tribe of Indians called the Moquis, who, like the Pim ‘and Soones, cultivate the soil and live in peace with se hbors; but the exact locality of this tribe I do not know, nd the fact that it is on or near the head waters of some of ack amy with —_ respect, your obedient servant, ; W. H. EMORY. ' m2: [7] APPENDIX No. 2. _ : CoLiEecr or Puysicians anv SuRGEONS, New York, February 10, 1848. My Dear Sir: I have examined the interesting collection of plants which*you kindly placed at my disposal, and herewith send you a list of them, as complete as my numerous engagements per- mit me to make at present. The route which you passed over is _ exceedingly rich in botanical treasures, as is evident from the num- sell # = direction and mounting the Raton. sRovateips about 7,000 feet ae | _. halting at Santa Fé, in latitude 35°41’, on a tributary te, er of new species and genera whfich you were enabled to make under great disadvantages, and i in an expedition which was almost. wholly military in its character. Most of the new plants which ou found are only indicated, or, at most, very briefly described in the following list. A more full account of them will be given here- after. I am, my dear sir, very respectfully, yours : begs! 7°" JOHN TORREY. - To Lieutenant Colonel W. H. Emory. : Juuy 22, 1847, « My Dear Sir: I give you the following written sketch of the route, not being able, as you request, to get a trace made from my eee the 27th June to July 11th, we were traversing the country : ‘between Fort Leavenworth and the bend of the Arkansas, a ri parallels of rolling prairie embraced between the 39th and 38th latitude, and the 94th and 98th meridians of longitude.» From July 11th to July 13th, followed the Arkansas to Pawnee fork, in longitude about 99. At this point the fertile soil cent except on the immediate margin of ihe streams. From the 14th July to August Ist, we were in the valley of the — Arkansas, occasionally crossing the spurs of low hills which inter- _ rupt the direct course of the aR aes part wot in ni 38°, and between longitude 99° and 1 Si From the 1st August to the 8th, eo ‘the plain in.a the sea, between latitudes 38 and 3 _ From the 8th August to the ath, in the valleys of the tributaries to the Canadian, and crossing the ‘extensive plains | between these valle an F. oo the 14th August to the 18ih, ascending the great ridg ye be tween the head of the Canadian and the waters of the Du oe aa ae distant from the Del nent ant and € ve the sea. ‘iia August 18th up to the 14th October, all the collectiite were made in New Mexico, in the valley of the Del Norte, or on the table lands adjacent, and between Santa Fé and the 33d par- ~ “allel of latitude, (230 miles below Santa Fé.) From the 14th October to the 19th, we were crossing the great aoe ridge between the waters of "the Del Norte and the waters he Gila, nearly on the 33d parallel of north latitude, and be- ia the 107th and 109th meridians of longitude, measured from Greenwich. The greatest height of this dividing ridge along our trail was about 6,000 feet above the sea. . From the 19th of October to the 22d November, we were follow- ing the course of the Gila river, occasionally forced into the moun- ‘tains to avoid the cafions. This route is never far from the 33d parallel of latitude, and is embraced between the 109° and 114° 30’ meridians of longitude, falling, during that Sea NC es very uniformly from about 5,000 feet to near the level of the sea _ From the 22d November to the 24th, we were on the Colorado of the west, traversing a low sandy bottom From the 24th November to the 28th, 1 we were ait the great desert of drifiing sand in a course little north of w ‘On the 28th November, we encamped at the Caine ‘(Reed) creek, or spring, the waters of which, when first exposed, are warm, and emit the smell of a sulphuretted hydrogen , From the 28th November, we commenced® to ascend thé Cordil- _ leras of California, (the continuation of which forms the peninsula . of Lower California, and reached the highest point of the route , December 5th, 3 000 feet above the sea, and as many below the overhanging peaks. From that point we descended to San Diego, _ a seaport on the level of the sea, in latitude 32° 45’ and longitude 170° 11' west of Greenwich. This point we reached December 12. ‘With great respect, very truly yours, re W. H. EMORY. _. Professor Torrey, Princeton. RANUNCULACE. af Miecacilus aquatilis, Linn. ‘Plains of the Arkansas. _ . Clematis Virginiana, Linn. Raton mountain. An undetermined : “species of this genus was found in fruit, November 10th, on the . Gila. The plumose tails of the carpels are nearly three inches jong. a BERBERIDACE®. : _Berberis pinnata, Lagasca. Higlands bordering the Gila. This’ appears to be a common species in the southern pend of EPPS! Cali- boa and in Northern Mexico. : CRUCIFER&. ‘ruderale, Linn. a of the Arkansas. Arkansanum, J Nutt, Tribt taries _< of the Copadi > Tae i ae CAPPARIDACE. Polanisia graveolens, Raf. In flower and fruit; September 26— “October 3, valley of the Del Norte. . The plant is taller, and the ‘flowers are considerably larger than in the form that is common in _the northern United States. Cleome integrifolia, Wutt. This beautiful species is abundant on both sides of the mountains, from the plains of Oregon, and the upper waters of the Platte, to latitude 33° north. Te tle oa VIOLACEZ. Viola cucullata, Linn. Pawnee fork of the Arkansas. PORTULACACE. Portulaca oleracea, Linn. On the Arkansas.’ Perhaps intro- 40 -duced. = _ Sesuvium portulacastrum, Linn. In flower and fruit, November 17. Saline soilsalong the Gila. Leavesspatulate. Flowers nearly sessile, stamens numerous. Styles 3. GERANIACE. Geranium Frémontii, Torr. in Frém. 2d Rep. On the Raton. ZYGOPHYLLACER. | 8 Kallstremia maxima, Torr. and Gr. Tribulus maximus, Linn. “Tributaries of the Canadian. _- — Larrea Mexicana, Moricand, pl. nov. t. 48. “Creosote plant.”’ Io- | -deodondo of the New Mexicans. Used externally for rheumatism. A shrub from three to six feet high. Abundant from the upper ‘waters of the Arkansas and valley of the Del Norte, to the great _ sandy deserts of California. It likewise occurs in the northern -, ‘parts of Mexico. The plent abounds in a strong smelling resinous matter. No animal seems to feed on it, and it is useless for fuel, as it can scarcely be made to burn. ANACARDIACES. ' + Rhus glabra, Linn. From the upper part of the Arkansas to ee + ? | dongitude 107°. “s ae ~~ Relaurina,, Nutt. A large shrub. Mountains of California, | towards the sea coast. Man rag R. trilobata, Wutt. On the Gila. A shrub 18 inches high, found late in the autumn, with staminate aments nearly matured for the following spring. The whole plant is clothed witha dense velvety pubescence. It is, perhaps, a distinct species from R. ‘trilobata. | € : ae MALVACE. eas Munroana, Dougl.. igh sandy plains, and in the yaile lowers bright rose color. : a M. pedata, Torr. and Gr. Upper part of the Arkansas. ae Spheralcea stellata, Torr. and Gr. Near Santa Fé, &c. High- lands between the Del Norte and the Gila. r Sida coccinea, DC. On the Raton mountain. Several other un-- determined Malvacez occurs in the collection. . SAPINDACES. Sapindus marginatus, (soap berry.) Valley of the Gila. RHAMNACE%. Ceanothus ovalis, ., Torr. and Gr. On the Arkansas. A small scrubby species of this genus was found on the Cordilleras of Cali- fornia, towards San Diego. It has thorny branches, small ovate coriaceous, smooth entire leaves, which are supported on short pe- tioles. The branches are glabrous and glaucous. There were neither flowers nor fruit on the specimen. ©. ovalis, var. intermedius, Torr. and Gr. On the Arkansas. LEGUMINOS. Sesbania macrocarpa, Muwhl. On the Gila. In fruit November Banas iin lepidota, WVutt. Near Santa Fé. Not found e flower _ kansas ae floribunda, Nutt. With the preceding. On th ‘ . . . . ‘ Amorpha fruticosa, Linn. e Gila. The specimens were Psoralea esculenta, Pursh. (Pomme de Prairie.) On the Ar-~ without flower and fruit, and we therefore cannot be certain of the ecies. | “Dalea formosa, Torr. in Ann. lyc. N. York, 2 p. 178. This beautiful species was first detected by Dr. James, in Long’s first ex- ee: eo nt * d diffusely branche ch sea mie a ue Besides these Dalex, there were two other species, both shrubby, " yee ia 139 [7] ad eter. The pods are long, flat, and filled with a sweetish pulp. |. They are excellent food for horses, and are sometimes used by men in times of scarcity. , P. (Strombocarpa) Emoryi, x. sp. Branches glabrous; spines in pairs, slender, short, straight, pinne a single pair; leaflets about 4 pairs, oblong, somewhat coriaceous; the under surface, and the petioles somewhat pubescent; legume spirally twisted into a com- pact cylinder. - Found in fruit only; on the Gila river. This spe- _ cies is nearly allied to the P. odorata of Frémont’s 2d report, but differs in its shorter, broader, and less numerous leaflets. Schrankia uncinata, Willd. On the Arkansas, where it is called Sensitive vine. Darlingtonia brachyloba, DC. With the preceding. Several other Mimosee are in the collection, but the specimens ~ are mostly without leaves and flowers. ie Cassia chamecrista, Linn. On the Arkansas. ROSACE. Cerasus ilicifolius, Wuét. Mountains of California. The kernel of the fruit has a strong flavor of bitter almonds. Geum Virginianum, Linn. On the Arkansas, Fallugia paradoxa, Endl. gen. 6385, Sieversia paradora, Don in Linn., trans. 14, p. 576, ¢. 22. A remarkable rosaceous shrub, with white flowers, and very long slender plumose tails to the carpels. It differs, in some respects, from Endlicher’s character of the genus, but I have not had an opportunity of comparing it with Don’s de- scription and figure. It was found in various parts of the valley - _ of the Del Norte. Can it be Geum dryadoides, DC.? ~ Gercocarpus parvifolius, Wutt, Torr, and Gr., fl. 2, p. 427. A shrub about 12 feet high, with numerous straight branches’ spring’ ing from near the ground. The carpels, with their long plumose— irally contorted awns, bore into the earth, after they have fallen. _ The action of the wind communicates to them a twisting motion, and retrorse pubescence retains them in the soil. i dee eae 3 Spiraea Californica, n. sp. Shrubby; leaves ovate, lanceolate, _ undivided, nearly glabrous, glandularly serrate, conspicuously pe- _tiolate; dowers in compound corymbs, perfect, calyx- ts” ad, about as long as the tube; disk coherent with the tube of ~ calyx; stamens numerous; carpels 5, distinct, ved; seeds Lege 140 2, ascending, the testa: expanded at the superior extremity into a membranaceous wing. Grows on high mountains near the Gila. | This species is remarkable for its ascending winged seeds and co- riaceous leaves. It can scarcely be referred to any of the sections into which the genus Spiraea is at present divided. ndenostoma fasciculata, Hook and Arn. Abundant in the Cor- . dilleras of California. A shrub about five feet high. _ A. sparsifolia, n. sp. Leaves scattered, linear-subulate, dotted with glands. Cordilleras of California. A tree 30 feet high, with very numerous slender branchés. Leaves nearly half an inch long, scarcely half a line wide, somewhat triangular; apparently eyver- green. Flowers in small terminal paniculate spikes. Pedicels short, with numerous minute scarious bracts at the base. Calyx _turbinate-campanulate, 10-striate, 5-toothed; the teeth ovate, ob- ~ tuse, conspicuously imbricated. Stamens about 10; the filaments inserted into a crenulate glandular ring at the summit of the calyx- tube. Ovary obovate, compressed, with 2 collateral suspended ovules. Very different in appearance from Al. fasciculata, and des- titute of the fleshy glands, with which the throat of the calyx-tube is furnished in that species. _ Photinia arbutifolia, Linn. Cordilleras of California. A shrub 4-5 feet high. : LYTHRACES. Lythrum alatum, Pursh. On the Arkansas. ONAGRACE. Zauschneria Californica, Presi. Valley of the.Gila. A shrub with bright crimson flowers, resembling those of a Fuchsia. @nothera albicaulis, Nutt. Valley of the Del Norte. CE. pinnatifida, Vutt. Tributaries of the Canadian river. Gi. biennis, Linn. Valley of the Del Norte. Several other undetermined species of (Enothera exist in the col- lection. : é, -Gaura coccinéa, Nutt. Tributaries of the Canadian. . G. parviflora, Dougl. Valley of the Del Norte. a we! ae LOASACE.. Mentzelia pumila, Nwét. Stem whitish, slender, branching, and — a little roughened above, smoothish and somewhat shining below;. leaves pinnatifid, or sinuate-toothed; flowers (small) 2-3 together, . pedicellate; petals 10, lanceolate; stamens very numerous; the outer filaments dilated; capsule turbinate-cylindrical; seeds nume- rous, winged. Valley of the Del Norte. Plant about a foot high. ‘ E Flowers less than an inch in diameter. Capsule three-fourths of & an inch long, 3-valved at the summit. _ Cevallia sinuata, Lagasca. This interesting plant, which has: @ admirably illustrated by Fenzl, occurs in many parts of the been tley of the Del Norte, from Santa Fé to Saltillo. oe ae =p tween the Colorado and Cordilleras of California. 141 [F} CUCURBITACE®. Cucumis perennis, James, Torr. and Gr. On the Gila river, abundant. We are yet uncertain of the genus of this plant, which seems to be common in various parts of Mexico, particularly in arid, sandy wastes. No specimens of the fruit have yet been sent to us. There are three other undetermined Cucurbitacez in the collection, - distinct from any described in the Flora of North America. Fin CACTACE. Several interesting plants of this family were noticed by Colonel Emory, but they cannot be satisfactorily described from dried specimens. ney are probably included among the numerous new species of Mexican Cactacex soon to be described by Dr. Engle- mann. | CORNACE#. Cornus paniculata, /’Her. On the Arkansas, CAPRIFOLIACE. Symphoricarpus racemosus, Linn. (Snow berry.) On the Ar- nsas. , ka COMPOSITAE. ‘Vernonia fasciculata, Michz. Bent’s Fort. Liatris punctata, Hook. Rayada Creek. Corethrogyne tomentella, Torr. and Gr. fl. N. A fi - AM« 25D. Wis Very abundant on the Cordilleras of the Pacific, and called by the natives estafiat. It is a.celebrated_remedy for cholera, as noticed by Colonel Emory in his report. © © pee ‘ - Dieteria incana, Torr. and Gr.? .Diplopappus incanus, Lindl.? On the Gila. Differs from Douglas’s Californian plant in its slen- der stem, and nearly glabrous, spinulose dentate leay es. D. coronopifolia, Wutt. Walley of the Del Norte, and the head waters of the Canadian. D. asteroides, x. sp. Minutely scabrous, pubescent, stem panicu- lately branched above; leaves oblong-cuneate, somewhat rigid, sharply and rather ‘coarsely toothed, involucre hemispherical; scales linear, in several series, with rather short herbaceous squar- rose tips; rays 30 or more, violet; achenia sparingly pubescent. Pappus of the ray much shorter than that of the disk. Elevated land between the Del Norte and the waters of the Gila. A’ well . marked species, with leaves broader than in any other plant of the . genus. : _ Aster hebecladus, DC. Valley of the Del Norte, and desert be- — A. (Tripolium.) A branching species, with the stems pub Pk ee above, and middle sized: flowers with purple rays. It seems to be undescribed. Valley of the Del Norte lidago elongata, Wutt. Vailey of the Gila. - Linosyris graveolens, Torr. and Gr. Chrysocoma dvucuncalall des, Pursh. A shrub about two feet high, and nal beige yellow heads of flowers. Abundant on the highlands between the Del Norte and the Gila. Aplopappus saeemionas; DC. On Ocaté creek, &c., called Pinette by the natives. Menziesii, Torr. and Gr. 8. dentatus: leaves coriaceous, strongly dentate or pinnatifid, toothed, glutinous. Abundant in the great desert between the Colorado and the Cordilleras of Califor- nia. Another form of this species was found near St. Diego, with the stem and the leaves clothed with a copious loose pubescence, and Pe seers of the leaves few and small. Grindelia. An apparently new species of this genus was found in ascending the Cordilleras of California, but the flowers had fallen from the heads, and our specimen is therefore scarcely suffi- cient for determination. The stem is very smooth and whitish; the leaves are oblong, clasping at the base, spinulose, serrate and elab- rous, and the scales of the involucre are very acute, but scarcely recurve Chrysopsis canescens, Torr. and Gr. Near Ocaté creek. ~C. echioides, Benth. in Bot. Sulph.p. 25. Valley of the Gila. Perityle, Benth. in Bot. Sulph. | A new species of this genus (P. Emoryi, nob.) was found in ascending the Cordilleras of Cali- fornia. It differs from P.-Californica of Bentham in its smaller and much more deeply lobed leaves, narrower achenia, which are very hairy on the margins, and in other characters. Baccharis Douglasii, DC. Valley of the Gila. Besides this there are three other species of Baccharis in the collection, noné — of which are described in the Flora of North America, but we can- not yet pronounce them new. 4 timers Tessaria borealis, @@\ An aromatic shrub about three feet high, owing in all the deserted beds of the Gila, and in the valléy. of fhe Del Norte; usually with the Frémontia, both of which are abundant in those regions. ~Hymenocléa, Torr. and Gr. ined. Thisremarkablenew genus is allied to Ambrosia and Xanthium. Another species of it (H. Sal- ofa) was found in Frémont’s second expedition, which, with the. _ characters of the cess to which it belongs, will be published i in _ another work. species, from the scales of the involucre hee ina Single hed. we propose to call H. monogyra, Torr. and Gr... Tt was found in various parts of the valley of the Gila. Franséria Hookeriana. Wutt. (Yerba del Sapo.) Ambrosia acanthocarpa, Hooker. Very abundant from Santa Fé to the 33d parallel of latitude. Another species of this genus, and apparently an undescribed one, exists in the collection. It is suffrutescent hoary, with the leaves bipinnatifidly, ‘divided into very small obtuse segments. The owers are eegie| ° “ es 143 [7] Ambrosia artemisiefolia, Linn. Bank of the Gila. : and Gr. A + found in the valley of the Gila, and in the desert of drifting sands {as are also the petioles and branches) ; scales of the involucre lan- ceolate; pappus of 3 to 4 acute rigid teeth, one of which is longer than the others. Abundant on the western side of the Cordilleras of California. ; , Silphium laciniatum, Linn. (Pilot weed.) On the Arkansas and its tributaries. . Another Silphium, with large ovate undivided leaves, was found _ on Cariso cree Lepachys columnaris, Torr. and Gr. Rudbeckia columnaris, Pursh. The rays vary from being wholly yellow to entirely pur- plish brown. From the head waters of the Canadian to Santa Fé. Encelia farinosa, Gray ined. An aromatic shrubby plant; exu- ding a yellowish resin from the branches.. The leaves are ovate, sofly pubescent, and hoary on both sides, with 3 to 5 prominent reticulated nerves underneath. Helianthus petiolaris, JVuét. Upper part of the Arkansas, and valley of the Del Norte. . i HH. lenticularis, Dougl.. With the preceding. Coreopsis palmata, Wutt. Turkey creek. Simsia. A rayless, and probably new species of this genus, was found in the bed of the Agua Caliente, November 28th. It is a branching shrub, and the slender bark of the irregular twigs is cav- — ered with a whitish, very scabrous pubescence. The leaves are scarcely an inch long, ovate, entire, obtuse, with short petioles, ‘scabrous on both sides. Chaff of the receptacle embracing the obovate achenium, the margin of which is furnished with long silky hairs. Wulfia.? Specimens of a plant with the floral characters of this genus, but with different foliage, were found in abundance on the higher grounds bordering the valley of the Gila. It also resembles Leighia, but is destitute of a pappus. Some of the genera, to’ which the plant is allied, will need revision before its place can be satisfactorily determined. ¥ Phe Ximenesia, n. sp.?: Valley of the Del Norte, and along the Gila, ‘September and October. This needs comparison with some of # io. Mexican species. It very nearly resembles X. enceltoides, Cavan. . “ Riddellia tagetina, Nutt. Torr. and Gr. fi., NW 2p. 362. alley the Del Norte, abouttwe hundred miles below Fé. = 3 re § beautiful plant with persistent flowers, first detected by Mr, Nutt all towards the sources of the Platte. Pass ss Bamrya, n. gen. Harv. and Gr., ined. Two other species of — this unpublished genus, dedicated to that profound observer of na- ~ a “f - ss ie i oe ae [7] ed ture, Professor Bailey of West Point, exist among the California. plants collected by Coulter, and will soon be described by Mr. Harvey and Dr. Gray. This is distinguished from the others by numerous ray-flowers, and is the B. multiradiata, Harv. and Gr. The whole plant is clothed with a woolly pubescence, and varies: from a few inches to a foot or more in height. The leaves are somewhat pinnatately cut into several-narrow segments. The heads are on long naked peduncles, and when the raysare fully expanded: are more than an inch and a half in diameter. The rays are 40 or 50 in number, in two or more series, obovate cuneate, of a bright orange yellow, and 7-nerved, carolla of the disk, flowers with five short segments which are glandulary pubescent, with intra-margi- nal nerves. Branches of the style short, somewhat dilated and truncate at the extremity. Very abundant along the Del Norte and in the dividing region between the waters of the Del Norte and those of the Gila. Flowers from October 4th to November. Zinnia grandiflora. Mutt. in Amer. Phil. trans. (n. ser.) 7, p. 348; Torr. and Gray ft. N. Amer. 2, p. 298. Valley of the Del Norte. This plant, which was first detected by Dr. James in Long’s. first expedition, is certainly frubescent at the base; in which re- spect it resembles the nearly allied Z. linearis, Benth. plant Hartw., No.47. This is the most humble species of the genus; being not more than six inches high. The stem is branching and rigid. The leaves are linear, sessile, and somewhat connate at the base, strongly 3-nerved, and glandularly punctate. Heads mostly solitary at the summit of the branches, on short peduncles. Involucre ovoid-cylindrical; the scales about 8, closely imbricated; outer ones somewhat orbicular; the inner oblong, ciliate, and somewhat scari- ous on the margin. Ray flowers 3-5, coriaceous and persistent, roundish-ovate, emarginate, continuous with the summit of: the - achenium. Disk flowers few. Lobes of the corolla villous. An- thers yellows. Branches of the style tapering into a subulate-lanceo- late point, hairy above the middle. Achenia obcompressed, scarcely winged, scabrous; the outer integument thin; those of the ray naked, of the disk with a single awn. : Gaillardia amblyodon, Gay. On the upper part of the Arkansas. ‘This species has been beautifully figured by Dr. Gray in Mem. Amer. acad. (n. ser.) t..4. G. pulchella, Foug. Valley of the Del Norte. _* Palafoxia linearis, Lag. New Mexico. 7 _ _Hymenoxys odorata, DC. Great desert west of the Colorado. __ Artemisia filifolia, Torr. in Ann. lyc. N. York, 2 p. 211, Val- ley of the Del Norte, and along the Gila; abundant. cae _A. dracunculoides, Pursh. Table lands of the Del Norte and . =i ay ey d Gila. A very common species of wormwood, often called sage by the hunters. | A. cana, Pursh. On the Raton Mountains. ss v Senecio longilobus. Benth. in pl. Hartweg. A bushy species _ about three feet high, growing abundantly in the region between the waters of the Del Norte and the Gila. emer gee Terrapymia, (sub-genus Polydymia.) Heads about 16-flowered;. the flowers all tubular and perfect. Involucre of 15 to 16 oblong ob- tuse coriaceo-chartaceous scales which are slightly concave but not carinate. Receptacle naked. Corolla with rather slender tube; the lobes short, ovate, erect, furnished with long villous hairs ex- ternally. Anthers included. Branches of the style tipped with a very short obtuse pubescent cone. Achenia oblong-turbinate, vil- lous with short hairs. Pappus of numerous, somewhat rigid, den- ticulate bristles. A suffrutescent prostrate much branched plant, canescently and’ densely tomentose; the leaves broadly obovate, ‘toothed, narrowed into a petiole. Heads on short peduncles, ter- minating the somewhat corymbose branches. , T. (Polydymia) ramosissima, n. sp. Hills bordering the Gila. Stem spreading, with very numerous matted branches. Leaves about three-fourths of an inch in length, the lamina broader than long, with 5-7 indistinct rounded teeth, abruptly narrowed into a longish petiole. Heads about one-third of an inch in diameter, ovate. Involucral scales in several series, the exterior ones shorter than the interior. Hairs of the achenium smooth, slightly bifid at thesummit. Pappus longerthan the achenium. This plant is clearly allied to Tetradymia, but differs in the many-flowered heads, numerous scales of the involucre, slightly cleft corolla- tube, and in several other characters; so that it should perhaps” form the type of a distinct genus. ; Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. The locality of this plant is not recorded, but it was probably found on the upper part of the Arkansas. x sg Stephanomeria paniculata, Vutt.. Ascending the Cordilleras of California : Malgedium pulchellum} Nutt. ‘Pawnee Fork of the Arkansas. ERICACE®. retostaphylos pungens, Kunth.? Valley of the Gila and San iego. Flowers in January. ise. A. tomentosa, Dougl.? A-shrub 4 to 5 feet high. Cordilleras- of California. This may be a smooth variety of Douglas’s plant. The leaves are orbicular-ovate, obtuse or truncate at the base, labrous on both sides, with the petiole one-third the length of the amina. It was not found in flower. an lantas 1. . Rie oD? Alliédsto | P. aphaloides; Nutt. : - ae of the’ Colorado, near tle! Cordilieons of Califo e whole plant is clothed with a loose white tomentum tly deciduous with age. The leaves are linear-] e, and taper to a long narrow base. The pedunc 1 ey mes | nN g : ‘5 ong ve olla ovate. Capsule 2 seeded. 10 - PLANTAGINACEE. — [ 7 J 146 oh he PEDALIACER. : ‘ “Martynia proboscidea, Linn.? Abundant in the valley of the ° Del Norte. We have only the leaves, and a drawing of the fruit. ‘tis possibly M. altkea forts, Benth. in bot. Sulph. SCROPHULARIACEZ. Maurandia antirrhina, Lindl. of the Gila. _* flowers. Castilleja linearifolia, Benth. Valley of the Arie and the. re- gion between that river and the waters of the Penstemon Torreyi, Benth. Region between the Del Norte and the Gila. Three or four other species of Penstemon exist in the collection, -but the specimens are incomplete, and have not yet been studied. On the San Francisco, a tributary A slender trailing plant, with beautiful purplish VERBENACE®. ja bipinnatifida, Vutt. Valley of the Del Norte. : Lippia cuneifolia, Stewd. Verbena cuneifolia, Torr. in Long’s Rocky F Bipuntail plants. Upper part of the ie se and along the inbutaries of the Canadian. ' Verbe LABIATE. Salvia carduacea, Benth. California. Another species of this genus was found with the preceding, but tin flower. It is entirely clothed with dense soft canescent pu- eae ee” It is shrubby, with long stout branches springing from mear the root. The leaves are oblong, coriaceous, entire, and two - inches or more in length. : Several other undetermined Labiate were found in the valley of *he, He Norte and on the Gila. Western slope of the Cordilleras of ad _ BORAGINACE. lyosotis glomerata, Wutt. Tributaries of the Canadian. ; Euploca grandiflora,n. sp. Hirsute with rough oppressed balan Leaves oblong-lanceolate, on short petioles. Flowers in leafy clus-_ ters. Calyx five-parted to the bale with linear- lanceolate segments. 3 Corolla white; (the expanded limb nearly three-fourths of an inch a diameter,) obscurely Pb cee ae plaited; tube slender, sononiee the middle; the throat naked. Stamens insert of the corolla-tube; the filaments short: a near. Ovary 4-celled, style filiform, persistent, ari e summit of the ovary; stigma capitate, with a ti ‘ bide aa Fruit mbt celled, i tera final! lehiscent carpels; embryo ¢ ae fies te + iin Sex geee x radicle superior. e De Norte below 147 “Santa Fé. This plant i is clearly a congener of Euploca h cea of Nuttall. It is nearly related to, Tonrpefortia + = eula~ is HYDROLEACEX. Eriodictyon, Benth. in bot Sulph., 35. Chois. in DC, 10, p. 183. A well characterized Cititsraion genus, aot three described species, one of which, the Wigandia Californica Hook. and Arn, was found in rocky places near the mouth of San Carlos, on the Gila, and on the” Cordilleras of California. The leaves are coriaceous, varying in form from narrowly linear to lan ceolate, and from being pte Be entire to strongly. dentate. The upper surface (as well as the branches,) is covered with a copious adhesive varnish, while the under-side is whitish tomentose, with Strongly marked ‘Teticulated veins. POLEMONIACE. Phlox, n. sp. This likewise occurs in Texas, and will be de- ° _ eribed by Dr. Gray. It was found in various places on the tribu- ‘aries of the Canadian Gilia pulchella, Dougl. Ocaté creek, and other tributaries of the Canadian. G. longifolia, Benth. Tpomea Sieg ded, Torr. in Long’s Rocky mountain plants. Valley of the Del Nor Fouquiera spinosa. (Bronnia toss. Kanth nov. gen. 6, p. $4, ¢.528.) Benth. in bot. Sulph. pv 16. Ascending the Cordilleras of California. A highly Brbarental shrub, shooting up long ‘smooth simple stems, to the height of from "12 to 25 feet, with a panicle of scarlet flowers at the summit. It differs slightly fis ‘the figure and description of Kunth, but seems to be the same plant. The leaves are obovate-oblong, ‘glabrous and membranaceous, grow- in fascicles in the axils of the spines. The spines are from a half an inch to near an inch in length, slender, more or less spreading, ‘or even somewhat recurved. At the base of each isa longitudinal protuberance which extends along the stem until it reaches the spine, which is on a line with it below. The panicle is usually contracted and elongated, but sometimes short, and almost corymbose. flowers are on short pedicels which are furnished with deciduous bracts. Sepals 5, nearly orbicular, concave, strongly imbricated, persistent, about ‘one- -fourth the length of the corolla. Corolla abou ng; the tube cylindrical, so often’ ather acute segments. mesriéd the og bent the filaments thickened or ‘ent — ase; anthers linear-oblong, bout 6 ascending anatropous below Rissy middle. gras. ry) as - ith a broad win, eet Scaneglas wehie 1 tie ter as and which comin is weve! sed ‘into nun rd L7]) 8 Se . ‘ "These are beautiful objects under the microscope. They are spiral — yessels consisting of an extremely delicate sheath, containing the loosely coiled thread which frequently ramifies with anastomosing branches. The whole testa is formed of these singular vessels. Embryo nearly as large as.the seed; cotyledons foliaceous; radicle pointing downward. There can be little doubt of the propriety of uniting Bronnia and Fouquiera. Each genus was founded on a single species, and both plants seem to be very little known to Eu- ropean botanists, Of the former the flowers are imperfectly de- | wcribed, and of the latter, the fruitisunknown. Our plant partakes _~ of the characters of both genera. In the ovary the placente meet o in the axis, but only slightly cohere; finally they unite, but in fruit the valves of the capsule separate from the axis, to which the seeds remain attached. As to the affinities of Fouquiera, I am in- CONVOLVULACES, Ipomeea leptophylla, Torr. tm Frém. 1st report, p. 94. Upper part of the Arkansas and head waters of the Canadian. The stems are often erect, about two feet high, and of a bushy appearance. Ban the appearance of the specimens, I should suppose the plant were a perennial, but according to Dr. James itis an annual. _ Si. or two other Convolvulacee were in the collection, but 1 have not determined them to my satisfaction. SOLANACES. x species of Solanum was found on the Del Norte below . The whole plant is, clothed with a dense yellowish bescence. The stems are rough, with minute slender _ Leaves linear- oblong, entire, rather obtuse, prickly — midrib. Flowers, two or three together at the summit | ches, white? stamens 5; -anthers: €qual: ooo See Por aS GENTIANACEA,. | ! alp ye af ~~ © ; e rice ee Russelianum, Don. Near the bank of the San - 4 lant. 7 ee oe ars ae aS Bey E: tricantha 8. Griseb. Wal- el Norte, and along the Gila. | 149 (7 OLEACEZE. Fraxinus velutina, . sp. Branches, petioles, and under surface of the leaves, clothed with a dense soft pubescence. Leaflets 3 t 5, rhombic-ovate, cuneate at the base, coarsely serrate or toate. sparingly pubescent above. Fruit narrowly oblanceolate, nearl entire at the apex, about three-fourths of an inch long. A small tree, usually from 15 to 20 feet high. Grows in the region between the waters of the Del Norte and the Gila; also on the Mimbres, a° tributary of the latter river. 8 NYCTAGINACEZ® ‘ - Abronia mellifera, Hook. Valley of the Del Norte. A. (Tripterocalyx) micranthum, Torr. in Frém. 1st report, p. 96. Valley of the Del Norte. De This differs in some respects from Frémont’s plant. The pedun- cles are elongated, and the fruit is more than an inch long, with very broad wings. The structure of the seed is precisely the same as in that plant, the inner cotyledon of the conduplicate embryo | being abortive. It is wanting also in A. mellifera. In several Species of this genus, if not in all of them, the filaments adhere throughout nearly their whole length to the tube of the perianth. The lobes of the perianth are dilated, and deeply emarginate, but appear ovate in the bud, from the lobules being conduplicate. ae CHENOPODIACE#. a -Sarcobatus vermiculatus. S, Mazximilioni, Nees in Prince Maxim. trav., Engl. ed., p. 518. Frémentia vermicularis, Torr. in Frém. 5; and.2d report, p. 317. Batis vermicularis, Hook, fl. ashy As Abundant on the Del Norte, and upper part of the valley of the Gila. : This is the pulpy thorn of Lewis and Clark. It hasa very ex- tensive range in the desert regions on both sides of the mountains. Since my-notices of this plant were published in Frémont’s reports, I have ascertained that Nees’ description of his genus Sarcobatus, dates a, little anterior to mine, so that his name must be adopted. _Obione argentea, Mog. Atriplex argentea, Nutt. Abundant i sandy saline places on the Del Norte. nae O. polycarpa, n. sp. Valley of the Gila, lanata, Mog. 7Valley of the Del Norte. A shrui ‘ \triplex, and a species of Sueda, were found AMARANTHACES. ee bridus, Var.? -Glabrous; stem _ Amarant ius hy : 7 ae smooth, flowers (purplish) crowded in a dense compound | spike; bracts somewhat awned, shorter than the flowers; Opening transversely. On the Del Norte, below Santa Fé. .) 150 . POLYGONACE®. a foot or more high, with the primary and secondary branches ver- ticillate; the branchlets are bi-trichotomous, and the ultimate divi- sions or peduncles somewhat secund. Involucre scarcely half a - jine in length, 5—6-flowered, and only 4-toothed. The flowers o 3 oO 4 5 ig") ~ wm oh io) “s oe a om mer se “a n — net - -E. Abertianum, x. sp. Annual? Ganestenity tomentose; stem dichotomous above; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated to a petiole at the base; involucres solitary, somewhat racemose on the branches, pedunculate, many flowered, campanulate, deeply 5—8-parted ; exttrior sepals nearly orbicular, deeply cordate at the base; inner sepals narrow, carinate below, contracted above, somewhat dilated and emarginate at the summit; stamens much shorter than the se-. Very common in the region between the Del Norte and the Also found by Lieutenant Abert on the upper waters of the s, I received ow the middle, and closely embrace the pistil -h correspond with the keels of the sepals. et spetimens of several other Eriogona occur in the - SAURURACEE.- opsis Californica, Nutt. / Jao. a Valley of the Gila. | 151 [7] : : EURBURSIARE SS. Eremocarpus setigerus, Benth. in bot. of Sulph., p. 53, & 26. Plains of Sau Diego, California. Hendecandra Texensis, Klotzsch. H. multiflora, Torr. in Frém. lst report. Croton muricatum, Nutt. Valley of the Del Norte. Another species of this genus, allied to H. procumbens, was found on the Cordilleras of Mexico, but the materials are scarcely _ sufficient for determining it satisfactorily. Stillingia spinulosa, . sp. Suffruticose? leaves rhombic- ovate, rigid, narrowed at the base, prominently 3-nerved, mucronately acuminate, dentate-spinulose on the margin; spikes axillary and terminal; sterile flowers sepile; bracts acuminate, with a stipitate gland on each side at the base. Abundant in the desert west of the Colorado. Stem (apparently) about a span high, with spread- ing branches. Leaves an inch or more in length, sessile, neatly margined, with spreading spinulose teeth, glabrous on both sides. Spikes nimerous; with solitary fertile flowers at the base. Sterile flowers about as long as the scale. Perianth hemispherical, ifreg- ularly lobed and undulated. Stamens2. Fertile flowers imperfect in our specimens. Fruit glabrous. Euphorbia herniaroides, Wut. Banks of the Gila. A pubes- cent variety of this apseise was found in the desert — toes the Colorado. ie ° tee CUPULIFER. Fate rcus Emoryi, x. sp. Leaves coriaceous, oblomg, on “yery Bas” Biases remotely rid repens toothed, Pee mu- itary and in ales slr Cénmon in the elevated country between. the 1 e Norte and the Gila. This small-leaved oak resembles Q. it of and Q. undulata, (Torr. in Ann. lyc. N. York 2, p. 248, t. 4,) is quite distinct from both ae SALICACES. : ; nee Salix. Several narrow-leaved willows were found alovg the Gila, and in the region west of the Colorado, but being without - _ fructifieation they cannot be determined. One of them is used as _ food for cattle when there is no oe “}; prea PLATANACEE. >. 2 NUS Mexicanus, Moricand pl. nouv. ou rares d’ Amer. t. § npr Benth. bot. oe spe ta P . of the Gila. its “Willa. ‘Som. the ie bet ‘and the Gila, and the hills bordering the Caer ie to qm ) am 7] a desert west of the Colorado. A shrub 3—4 feet high, with numer- ous slender branches; its appearance being that of ‘Scotch broom, (Spartium scoparium.) The sheaths are very long, 3-parted, with “subulate-acuminate segments. This can hardly be the E£. America- na of Quito, which is described as having 2-parted sheaths. The specimens are without either flowers or fruit. If the species should prove to be new, it may be called E. trifurcus. There seems to be _ still another species growing on the table lands of New Mexico, _ differing from the preceding in its very short sheaths. Juniperus. Two undetermined species were found in crossing the country from the Del Norte to the Gila. Both of them have the generai character of J. Virginiana. One is a large tree, with acerose leaves, and a bark like that ofa Pinus; the other has short closely appressed leaves, and berries larger than a buck shot. AMARYLLIDACEX. - e Americans, Linn. Found i in descending the western slope of nike Cordilleras of California. is is the maguey of the Mexi- cans. It shoots up a flowering stal < 10 or 15 feet high. The juice of the plant affords an intoxicating drink called pulque. Another species of Agave, or a very remarkable variety of the preceding was found in New Mexico, west of the Del Norte. It. differs from A. Americana in its much shorter and broader leaves, which are furnished with smaller marginal spines. LILIACE. Yucca. ‘The leaves only, of what appear to be four species of Sav a pens. occur in the collection, but we cannot identify 55 3: for ant of the inflorescence. “ ORCHIDACE. x inne cernua, Rich. Low grounds in the valley of the Del < CYPERACE. ae ae Saditirnintes R. Brown. Valley of the Gila. Cyperu s Michauxianus, Schultes. Valiey of the Gila. | GRAMINE. “Choris ‘tha, resl. Spikes umbellate-fasciculate, humerous, : 13,) the ped ncle enclosed in a broad coin presueenenaa F s 2-flowered; upper glume nearly as long as the flo d, with a short awn between the teeth; lower palea o! of th Pe flower obscurely 5 towel Taine in the middle, the mar- ciliate with long hairs towar summit; awn gi times as as the palea; neuter flower broa trounce a t aristiform rudiment; the awn twi Bed | Gila. Very near OC: °ba ‘bata 153 rty upper one linear-lanceolate, scabrous, entire, nearly as long as the spikelets; lower palea of the perfect flower unequally tricuspidate, pubescent; abortive flower reduced toa slender awn, which is nearly and inconspicuous bristles. Valle of the Gila, rare. This plant = ‘agrees pretty well with Kanth’s description of B. (Eutriana,) race- mosa, except in the pubescent lower palea, and the minute bristles _ it be the plant of La- asca Or om his brief character. It certainly is very different from B. racemosa of the United States, which has a large 3-awned neuter flower, and if distinct from La- asca’s, must receive another name. That of B. curtipendula at the base of the neuter flower. Wheihea one of the species of ‘‘Grama’”so aséful as a fodder-grass in New Mexico. It is abundant along the Del Norte, and in the region be- _ tween that river and the waters of the Gila. The culm is slender, Chondrosium feneum, n. sp. Leaves glabrous; spikes 2—3, ob- long, falcate, spreading; rachis nearly half the length of the spikes; ‘lume nearly as long at the perfect flower, with two rows of -_ of Nuttall. a Chondrosium polystachyum, Benth. bot. Sulph. p. 56. Uplands _bordering the Gila. The smallest kind of “ Grama’’ found on t linear, and almost half an inch long, erect, on s veles. The other characters agree mi dmirable detailed description - feck th me e work qt d States... an Arkansas. Th Ba journey. It is about 6 inches high, very slender. The spikes are =, £7) 154 is the celebrated “‘ Buffalo grass,”’ so called because it constitutes the chief fodder of the wild buffalo, during the season that it flourishes. I have retained this plant, for the present, where it. was placed by Mr. Nuttall, who noticed its anomalous characters. It differs from Sesleria, and indeéd from the Tribe Festucacee, in its habit, which is that of Chondrosium. The stem throws off s ers shih root at the joints, from whence leavesand culms of a ae ‘inches in height are thrown up. The spikes are two or three in number, on short spreading peduncles. They are oblong, about half an inch in length, and obtuse; bearing from 6 to 8 spikelets, --which are unilateral, and form a double row on the rachis. The are very unequal, aie cree coriaceo , carin and one-nerved, the upper one slightly mucronate. Palea Pabloke. lanceolate, and somewhat keeled, membranaceous, nearly equal, . but longer than the Se eee ntire, glabrous except on the keel; the lower 3- nerved, the up i-carinate. Anthers large, linear, fulvous. In/all the being ofthis collection, as well as in those ‘in my herbarium from numerous other localities, there are no fertile flowers, and only in a few instances rudimentary x ad so that the plant seems to be diecious or polygamous by abortio Arundo Phragmites, Linn. Valley of the Del Werle, and along the Gila. Andropogon argenteus, DC., Kunth. enum. 1, p. 500, Valley of the Gila. A handsome species, with the spikes in a terminal pani- which has a white appearance from the abundant silky hairs of e flowers. - A. macrourus, Michz. With the preceding. Besidesthese grasses, there were a few others, mostly collected in the valley of the Gila, but which I have not determined, as the specimens are not so complete as could be desired. Amon sbi = area Glyceria, two Agrostides, five species of Panicum ‘ia a Poa aaa ye te large elongated spikelets. Ip some parts of the — > -vall el Norte, Sorghum vulgare is cultivated, and was. and oe rap en - EQUISETACE. Basie —— Linn. Lower ipart of the Colorado. — “ 3; avads tenerum, Sivahte. Valley of the Gila. This species ly spread over the southern part of North America, and yet hitherto obtained a place i in our Flora., We have it fr om na, Florida, Texas, and various parts of California. opodium. A small species allied to L, rupert: ea was found | in descending the Gila. It differ: s incurv es, whic mucronate. but wi it a Reb 33 at 155 is. . | St. Lovis, February 13, 1848.” _ My Dear Sim: Your letter, together with the package containing ‘the drawings of a number of most interesting cactacee, arrived . BO) oe 2 ae ae On the occasion of my report on the botany of Dr. Wislizenus’s yoyage, I have made a careful investigation of the cactacee, of oo +s to its flower, and a much smaller proportion! in i eee --. Tam now able to distinguish all the different genera of cactacee by their seed, and sometimes even the different sections of one enus. ; . The small black shining seed sent me, belongs to a true Cereus, probably the plant which you mention under the name of pitahaya, the larger opaque black seed is that of an Echinocactus, and the largest white seed is the seed of an Opuntia of the section cylin- | dracea. : _ Thave ventured to describe some of your species from the draw- ‘ing; my description, however, and the names.given by me, must remain doubtful till we are ableto-obtain some more data to charac- __terize the species. I have written it more for your information than ' ofc r publication, but if you choose to append it to your published re- = ave no objection to it, but must request you to make suc i: lr ? | Cif pet dnt Ped op 8 ae ___Proliferous in the highes! “c6i™ forming hemispherical mame s often of a diameter 34. feet; which are compose of 100— ish. PF" eas er ae ‘his species appears to be allied to. M. vivipara, but is distin- uish Po are oe, Ss he hei while - flat and spreading masses. ay ee = It may be an undescribed species, in which case t a - ia m ‘¢ om we Echinocereus, but bunches, re ve -aggregata appears to be most appropriate. 2. Mammilaria, October 26, 1846. Rare. Ved: i Apparently a mammilaria, though the habit of ai is Aa ce [7] 156 spines disposed in vertical ridges, which is not the case in the figure in question. Stems irregularly cylindrical, with divers contractions and swelling, about 4—6 inches high, and 14 and 1¢ inches in di- ameter, many (in the fig. 8) from one base. . The name of M. fasciculata would indicate the peculiarity of \ this species. 3 ay Pe Mammilaria, “November 4, 1846, abundant.” ct ' Several (fig. 3) oval stems from one base, 13—23 inches high, _ and 1] inch in diameter; tubercles in about 13 rows; ‘Spines whitish, _ short; 1 small obovate red berry toward the apex not moresthan 1} ‘line long. ie: If the figure is corréct, this species ought to be distinguished by the name of M. microcarpa, as I know of no other Mammilaria with such.a small fruit. bn 40 he 4. “October 26, 1846.” In addition to the description in Dr. W report, which I have drawn up from dried specimens, I observe in this figure that the species has 21 oblique ribs, is of an oval’shape, and bluish green color; the ribs are acute, but not compressed, ac- Echinocactus Wislizent. (Engelm. in Wislizenus’s report.) | 16? Ws . cording to the representation of a section, and the groves corres- es ond ing. ae fs — ‘ ; ag Rete oe EA ee 3 y ig 5+ Echinocactus, & Oetobot 25, 1846, 18 inches in diameter.’” Height equal to the diameter; shape ventricose, contracted towards the vertex, therefore somewhat urceolate; with 21 straight sharp ribs; spines apparently 8, straight, brown, color of plant bright ~ yellowish or reddish. Seed obovate, obliquely truncated at “green; vertex whitish, (tomentose?) fruit 1 or 1} inches long, oval, — full 1 line long, black, opaque, slightly roughened; embryo curved % or hooked, cotyledons accumbent, partly buried in the large farina-_ ceous albumen This species is distinct from all other New Mexican species ex- ~ amined by me, and is most probably undescribed. I propose to _ ame it after its zealous discoverer, who has, surmounting number- less difficulties, though occupied by severe and arduous daties, ms found leisure to do so much for the advancement of our knowledge ‘the wild eountries traversed by him, Echinocactus Emoryi. 6. Cereus, “ November 21, 1846, 3 feet high.’y» be ‘There can be but little doubt but that we have here a species be- fore us, which T have received from Dr. Wislizenus and from Dr. Gregg, from the neighborhood of Chihuahua, and which I have de- -Scribed in Dr. W.’s report by thename of C. Greggii, erect, branch- ing, with 5 compressed ri e, and ribs, dark green, with whitish areol: a. rt dusky spines. | t, which was unknown to me. Provided the drawing is correct, ave here a smooth oval accuminate fruit, crowned with the re- s ef the corolla, and supported by a distinct stipe of a bright mson color. A stipe such an acumination, I have not he specimen figured here is very remarkable on account of the . ruit, with the long acumina- ' oe 4 B tions { a Eaty Bes Of> see * i 157 : = rrare 7. Opuntia. pe ae on the Del Norte’and Gila.” No’ date nor statement whether the figure represents the natural — is smaller. The species belongs to the section elliptica of Salm; it is ascend- ing, older stems prostrate, branches and younger joints erect, 810 inches high; joints orbicular obovate; rounded, obtuse or " some- a de times’ acutish, of a bluish green color, 1} to 24 inches long, : little less wide; spines short and whitish; “benties obovate, scarle he only about 3 or 4 intednes long. If the figure pen ay the natural se, size, this species ought to bear the name O microcarpa. 8. Opuntia. ‘‘October 28, 1846, common on ‘ite Gila.” Much : branched, sub-erect, joints obovate, often acutish, purplish, with two or three longer ‘bro wn spines directed. downwards; fruits obo- BEE red. -In the figure, the joints are 1}—2 inches long, and 1— 1 wide; fruit about 3 lines long. “The ere are several opuntie known with purple colored joints, but none in the least resembling this, and I must consider it as a dis- tinct species to which I would give the name of OQ. violacea. ae 9. Opuntia? ‘October 22d, 1846. Abundant on the Del Notte | oa and Gila. a = gba plant apparently more like a Mammitla- ria than - : Opuntia. The fruit is also represented without areol pabeccles, exactly like the smooth fruit of a Mammillaria; but this may be an oversight in the artist. The habit of the plant suggests the belief that it is an opuntia of the section Cyl dracte. i Joints or branches ascending, gy naical, tubercul: inches long; 1—1} inches in diameter; berel pr with about. 8 idng (1—1} inches) ‘eaikis spines; fruit obovate umbilicate, scarlet, towards the top of the hes, about 9 lines 2 long, and 6 in diameter. Bcc a It is a distinct species, which I am gratified to dedicate to the skilful artist who has drawn all these figures, r. J. M. poe L therefore propose for it the name Opuntia Stan iyi. AF. 10. Opuntia. ‘November 3d, 1846, 4 feet high.” Stem with verticilate horizontal, or somewhat p lous branctage a ~ branches cylindrical, strongly tuberculated, about 8 lines in diame- ter, with short spines on t bercles; fruit pale yellow, clavate, 7 tuberculate, oe inch | ea, ne ae esivery:4 ominent, nS 92.8 inches long, 6—8 lines in diameter. This is probabl puntia arborescens, Engelm. in Wisliz’s report, though the pops sre represented as being shorter than in rbores pec ens from New Mexico and Chihuahua, a; Opuntia. No , 1846. Somewhat resembling the * last, but bie Ic fide spreading bushes bid Joints more ARS we eghad ines in diameter, alternating (not oppo-, ng wit - ute angle, sub- prominent, ale srhitish str thale lower edge, spines; fruit clavate, tuberculate, antes oe s in diameter. ae 3 in i pe Epes and Avid propose = a i Set es 7 nica. “10, 1846, "abundant,” 3 lec oe with 7 : ‘ «.@ ['caticsee; to: difference between this figure anda plant which I have received from El Passo, by Dr. Wislizenus, and which I have : mecribed | in his report under the name of O. vagina ata. os. 13—15 are no Cacti.. In 13, I recognize the Keberlinia — “| guccarini, a a shrub common in the chaparals “of northern Mexico which has been collected in flower about Parras and Saltillo, by ‘Drs. Wislizenus and Gregg. The fruit is-unknown so far; the speci- men figured i is, however, in fruit; the berry (2) is globose, 3—1 line , in diameter, crowned with the rudiment Orleye, style. It was eol-> lected October 23d, eh: and is described as a shrub 3 feet high, with low, epoutin bou ghs. 14. Collected “‘November 15, 1846, 4 feet high, rare,” is, per- haps, another species of the same genus; but the entire sheet ad of flower or. fruit makes it impossible to. decide. Branches similar, straight, leafless, ending i in ares: dark pints . but much elongated and sub-erect, not horizontal, as in No. 13. 15. ‘October 22d, very ntwinidond: 3. feet high, fruit 5 seas long. ? . «Atyis entirely unknown to me, perhaps an agave? at least some amaryllidaceous lant if the fruit is correctly represented, “with, Jarge radical leaves, and a een Or ang wag. inferior fruit, supnamnes with the remains of the flow : n your letter you figure and denaribe a, cactus, plant: of which ' iaeAha ro . sent me the seeds; if I am correct aboat this from your notes, I -would describe it in ‘the following manner Stem. tall, erect, simple, or with a few erect branches, below without sprees ps about 20,0 ane spiral; fruit lange, e yes seeds small (0.7 cs long) obovate, abliquely truncate at black, smooth, mbryo hooked, no albume picotyledons "foliactous incva 21 _. Stems 2- feet ii n circumference, 25 to 60 feet high. ; The only true Cercus approaching this in size is Gerews Reo. vianus; but this is vastly different. The question then arises whether our species is not one of the few arranged now under the™ cy ies Pilocereus ; but if iti is a constant fact that the cotyledons of ocereus are ‘thick and globose, our mpeaien cannot Od "7 the cotyledons are absolutely’ those o lied in California-pitahaya, but it appears th name all large columnar: cacti, the: it: siplant 3 which is commonly called Cereus gecietgl is widely _ ent from this California giant. Fy Hohe ae thar ee 7 oY propose for it the. pee’ Cereus gigantenh Tei a he dex geww bite: seed is of an O of o circu a * RNY me re ng “Zz \ Me Ue uC 9 Q Ry = a iw A, WG wa AANA YE Ge ‘ GZ OV] i} / Cp, ¢ Wp yy a7A \j v SSK S SH rer JIN) = > ZZ We Sh Nin > ” DALEA FORMOSA. Pe yp BO i CEW Bndieoithith New ork. RIDDELLIA TAGETINA. O&M Fratcatt Lith. WoO Yo * PUNGENS. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS * Ae eee eos 4 at * "5 ey ae eagle Vile o> top 1 Rew Bnaizatt Lith: FOUQUIERA. = \ SZ aN vy, Wierd ~ MemeR gs coe ae tae oe p & AW Brdscott Lith Nowlork: Fie IPOMGJA LEPTOPHYLLA. sore a pies Seat Pie mh Ta oe C&W Andutoet Lith Mere Vara ‘ _Puate 4— Zinnia grandiflora—The entire plant, bai . Bi one PLarE Dale 4 aang A branch of the natural size, with a separate flower mag- aradoxa.—Natural size, with a& separate carpel magnified, cana —A branch of the natural size. Figure 1. Separate flower. Figure 2.. E: | view, of be: amen, with a scale at its base. Figure 3. The same, seen from the. opposite Side. Figure 4. Oat and style. The last three figures mag- nified. set % cept the root. Figure 1. A head of flowers. Figure 2. A ray flower, natural size: Figure 3. A disk flower. Figure 4. Stamen. Figure 5.. Portion of the Bases joe its se. aaa The la%t three ina ; paces - more magni ns ae — 5—Ridellia liga: mihi es of the iciktent size. pees 1. A aia send pap- * pus of a ray Hower magnified. Figure 2. A ray flower less magnified. Figure 3, A, disk flower. Figure 4 . Part of the style, with its branches. The last two pai considerably magnified. = Prats 6—Baileya multiradiata.—The whole plant, except the lover orti Figure 1. A ray flower. Figure 2. A disk flower Figure 4. Ryle and its branches. All magnifiga.. a Pirate 7—Arctostaphylos pungens. ig ae : re PLATE 8—Fouguiera spinosa.—Summit of the stem and "panicle of flowers. Fees 1) & capsule, with the oo alee speeice herb 3 the placentiferous axis. Figyre 2. A seed. natural size hag 10—Sesleria dactyloides. —The entire iaantiat the natural size, Figure 1. A spike- i the figures magnified. a leptophylla—A branch of the natural size. Figure 1. ‘Pistil. _ magnifies . Figure 2. The same, with the glumes removed, symewhat —— PTT Figure 3. Upper palea of the perfect lower. c es. Figure 3. Staminate flower. Figure 4. The same, with the — rosiuin fancum.—Two. plants of the natural size. Figure 1. A spikelet e : * * Sy ye ‘s APPENDIX No. 3. a ze - Table he tee i ae i Reet ber ee Places of observation, Date. _ Time. — |Barometer. +g re Rpts Remarks. _ ales, ' Ces 3 E : E altitude. Poe om jeReL : ° , a 3 Wid berg o ‘ g - 4} )-F ay F. iF. Fort Teperonerdrtias setters 73.75 18 C2 oe ee vs Raining NE. Do A, 24 164} 73 v ietey vcocvl: Wind: N 3 cloudy. Do. i anksie 7A. 11. 19 F144 «0 Wind NNE, ; cloudy. Do 74,12 19 70 Jade ¥e|* ee Cloaks with occasional showers. Do 74.20 | 21.5) 70 |issise Clou DO Vpicser arouse y Ss ne 74,04 4 74 wear Ciou a Ve ae ~ 73.98 254 77 F Light clouds ; win Do tee ereve . THe | 222k < 78 Ay cS . 4 Tight clouds ; wind west. a eae terete sew en el 74.16 24.5 76 .ee eee Do 73.90 | 26 8 lew glee Clear wind NW. ; gentle breeze. c ; 9 =i J Bik = 75 “ia Clear. : ann Fi traagers’c creck... 6¥s, : 0 84 0 ‘ Do Ao ius hectic 73.68 | 21 | 70 | @ ($204 mp 3, Kan: $ river . tis eoa J i] 74.09 72 71.5 , 850 Clear. mp 4, Oregon trail, on the | i : ag whe sce ene soeeey! June 31..... G@p.m....)> 74.20 | 26 | 78 | 73.5 731 2 Gentle breeze NE. ; very fair. Camp “i rege trail, on the Ma si va J — *74.40 0.5) 71 | t} Clou Lamp 5, e the Santa Fe ‘oad : 73.58 274 | 79 44 t ‘yo60 | ous fay: ; clear and beautiful sunset. oO. iYes 73,60 21 70 67 Heavy mist an : ‘Camp 8, 6, on 110 ereek.. sine) 13.28 29 82 75 ; 1179 Brisk wind from SW. ke Be Vesa) TOY e18.28.| (21). 72 69 6G Fresh breeze south Camp 7 fe ag cell a 5 Bla. 74 1363 cae «abet wind SSE, Dossy ee a ai] July 4s 72.86 | 22 | 70 | 69'!¢. lea Oot es # De Do do - am Cre 11, Turkey creek.. i Ear a ‘Camp 8, fi John spring......} Jul a? &,: Big Toho: spring a 0 Camp 9, Revenge spring . 4 0 ‘ Cvinp 10, , Sater stream .. do # oO a Sewers ow, 12, Little pa river Camp 13, branch ie Cow creek do Cam Arkansas. river, ore “ine Sor ta Fé road first strike si ” Aplisabad river, oad ag 15, on tha — bias Canig 16, wate in Tori Do Do Do on Gap 17, oe the P pour out of one a wo miles irom, > en Cam ha) ot on. the Arkansas»... ee eeee vie ee Camp 20, Pin hoes weees eee st on the Arkansas ae Cs saan ss cathe: prairie. sess} —e-) Pas eS Pe SS Pr eS SEDO AE MT ST ROA iS ev bev es BSYBPEES BES SER ee = ii oe fe . Paes = sa ee FN SE De OE SS Sh OS EOE a = gaap < Si - Clear; temperate Big John spring 53° Fa. « l Ver ry fair; no W Ghat udy: Dahsteckcars of spring 54° Fa. Cc Clear; ; pe tle entle breeze south. breede SE. : peers heavy dew. Closdly drizzling by S.; Tea during the day. ightning, with thuns Wind E. Appearance of ae E. by er; win Clear; has been fhe most of the day. Cloudy; heavy rt ee night. Very fair and calm Heavy mist and dew, Sun set fair; no wind. Misty isty. Light breeze from east, ery fair. Wind E. by S. Fair Wind E. by. 8S. Fair; light brée Clear; light food wind, Clear; strong wind SE Clear; strong wind s th Wind E. by S.; clear. Cloudy in the west Heavy elo ‘sol Faced pe Aa the west , and furious wind same quarter. - from the same 19T Bs ag ee a PERL Sa ‘ Appragimalo i ~ Remarks. cam : 22, on dul kecabt TAR . 23,0 n the ‘vig wees ~ Camp 24, on the Arkansas DED ae Do : iat, ‘on the en rum oy! 8 ‘ nh 1 a ae esi’ “ca soanp 29, on the a ae 0 ) 3050 apa Bent’s fort . do do. ‘ do tees do ' do pane do cere do ees “tf on the Pimpa +--+. Do iy mat of fie ay Fily a2. .4 | ts) July 23 . a lig ; J Sealy 28 se do ray’ 20 i t do August 2.... — do August 3,... do B.. SPR OSES! Dork: wt 7 Mies Mage ene, Mies ims 4 6 4". 2 peer eee : . eet . BRBE BEES PU SU PU ER pew Se Shee S see BREE ~ eT eT eS . ae IN IRIN IRIM WAIT “ . ize) J i © peas —_ altitude. { ts \ 2940 §} Clear; light br eeze E. by N. 2088 ¢| Sky ‘overcast in ee est 3968 lear, tape tae . by 8. a Strong and SE.; 43 skye poe to the west. ? KE. by i. 3319 rite Hght broezesaE. 61 es Clear; wind light, SE. 3390 ) pees! fh n the west; wind soush. Wind E. by S.; darkly pst i in the east, ; B594 Clear, wind BE. fi re hail storm, with ae and ightning. dark clouds in the east; of more rain; wind SE. Clouds in at: no o wind. ae no wind. Sky eves in the NW.; strong wind NE. Clear wind E. by 8. Py aa sine strong breeze E. by 8. ba KE. a 8.; clear. } . Clear; high wind SE. i 4523} Wind sout 4761, © | Slight haze; wind south. do | August 4....{°5a.m...| 64.81] 21 | 714{ 553 | 4761 — | Wind south. fs 8, Hole in the Prairie, .,|| August 5....| 5.30a.m.| 62.57 19 68 .|) 55. f° 5560 Clear; wind W. by S. amp 34, on the Purga jae at i 0 ot ¥ Me. Ce 254 | 80 62 iH 5896 j Strong wind W. by S : do August 6....| 5.30 a1m.| 61.91 | 16 | Go | 52 }o:. ea win ind SW. ae dune 95, me g the Raton. Bede 8.) Toa. Bea 22 70 53 |) Clea A 29 .| August Ti...) Gacm...] 59.04 14 594 | 543) 7169 ey clear; s sun just rising above the moun. sarnilt of the Fido") 0.4.1 10:9G¢a2m.) GRO | 25 hf) T2548 Fai ‘ ’ i 36, on ee ‘Canadian eins do vos} AB 1, 28 234 3) Cloudy . the east after a slight, chair. “’ Me Do} do oe) Atapee Bs") Gadime’..)) Ghent |, 12 Clear; ho wind. ' : Yo ¥ 60 pisses do ecole 61.26 234 y 6112 }| Dar ci otis i in the west; calm. ‘ 4 io do eae su > fot Ps’ 4 se ba. im. oie po! . Clea \ x) O° wal) & pie es 61. j “Sk aiicdet in the SW.; Camp a Pe 1 | 4 6109 D Marsh 4, p. ~ ; light hen on to. ‘ “August 10. 5ia.m. . 61.26 124 52 |) Win 5 hazy babi m neret < Camp 38, on Cummaron Citon Gee. hp. ame 61.46 24 ‘ 6027 ; Sky overcast in the f lo August 11... 15 Olas’. - be be 4 — at ashe m. Camp 39 on the Qaate se ccs ig GEL Wee ie | ots .69 224 | 74 611 Clear and calm. BI done seen ses es eee si: gece 8 4.m,.. .77 | 194] 664) 543 do + Gebo : : 0 Tit} SG 47 234) 75 59 do : DO August 31.... 6 p.m .. 87° | (22 | .70 | 58 Clear. » Do September 1| 7a.m... 50 i} 18 .|;.61 .|, 5% Clear and calm. o 6'p.'m... ).35 et ,694 | 60 ny) ; (Camp 47, Galisteo oN | September Qi] :Gip. m4, 3.92 Wa | .804\| (62) |e. ........ a Clear; wind SW. teo cree iad sig) 3)| (Gta. Mm.’ <; 2.58 144} 56 PD his ec eed Clear "and fair. Baa es. 5.15 27 771 63 5158 oon and calm. Re 48, two miles below San oy San Pel Ip@ veveeee ..| September 4'| 6 a m. «. 68.45, |) 18 G1, |4..48.[ ry S158 dics wind EF. by 8 : : ; Camp 49, marten of amile south do 5.30 p. m. 64. 08 242 | 75 59 Wy Fair; wind NW. * h, »the : | ‘Camp.49, quarter ofa wile south | September 5 | 6 a. m 63.63 13%, | 54 51 Fair and calm. of t e * ‘ * j Camp 50, on the wy _ do 6 p.m.’..| 63.61 241 || 744 | 58 Wind sw. 84 miles | Blew y apna t September 6 | 6.30a. m. 63.85 10° 51 49 Pair and calm. Cam » hear ys ta, almost ‘ ef 500 feet NW. of the Chavez September 7 | 7.15 a.m. 64.06 17 63 55 4862. church. , : " fe acy a about one mile Ae} do 6.30 p.m. 64.39 294 | 74 62 | |.eeeeeeeesee| Calm and clear. of Tom re p a soe evaele eked September 8 | 6.304. m. 44.26 14 | 57 53| ids, x's WEA Sele |: Fair a nd calm Camp 54, on the aun same | September 9] 6 p. my ,. 63.17 214 | 67 STR as bse 2 | Clear and calm. as camp 49. Camp 54, on the return, same | September 10 % ae We s. 43.53 84} 50 ae dd MBeie es 4 / do i as camp ‘ 4 bi Camp 55, about one mile south dé 9 Pm -. 43.47 25 67 57 | Hedcde ekeuee Calm and clear. of San Felipe. - Camp 55, Arent one mile south | September 11 | 7 a. my -. 68.86 82 | 46) |. do : of San Fel j Cam at ea ee SN do, p. Me. 61.94 284°} 734 ss] , . Bs cae uWi eas © dae tee September 12 | 6 a. m, . 62.01 14 56 Clea ‘ida E. by S. m - Santa, wee: ae ea peel Valet September 13 | 8 a. m.. 59.70 21 69 SHH Bhiakhs eases re — calm Do ehebhea cays Caer ees do -) @ pi mm . 59,57 4 | 74 GIP. Mende. ¥. | ig 8a ast in the south; wind & by S.; ee. j y; See ght refreshing shower at 4 DG > ssseveeeveessstesiese| September 14| 6p. m. Se Tp | 22) |, Te) 6 en immediately after a yor sags } J oO Wl -. UOTE eer cn oo September 15 acm, 59.91 68 5 Calm and clear - MRR leaicininaianeeie one sveee do G6 p.m. ..| 50-73 | IZ] 6 Just clearing "oft after a shower ; wind ‘ Do ae heave ‘ eevee eeee eeeet September 16 8 a. m, a ¢ 59. 67 20 664 4 Clear ‘tna calm. DO ickis vows ages steers do G6p.m...} 59.54 | 22 | 70] 352 |. Calm and clear. Z Do . ot ee me Re ..| September 17 | 8 a.m. .,|-. 59.75 1 || 64 |: we i Clear a alm a Do, Re ? 6 poem. . 69.68 | 23 71 A a0 Perey ‘ jo : ae September 18 + 6p.m.. 59.66 ! 23 744 6 Calm nd clear. September 19 | 7% m. «. Pr | Pr i $ M : 0 , tne. a a Op. m, .. +090 | 22 8 ovatoast in the I tome 4 ir, | sapeettuean [6 Se miee] sare | 0e | 6o-| og [Spee va : me ee a 80 p.t » 59.75 22 4 es 7 o. ? Bigekatk tee * Clear tind calm. 8 a September 23 do PPB 4 i i rst gunn on the 2 eae iod Bek ee | einai ch Rio ui Nove, ie Weereee . ww 5 September 25 September 26 seme 14 | September 27 do a September 28 , 1 September 29 “ do . | September 30 _fuerque, : ei Tmiles below Isoletta Pe ee do October 1, ANH IRIRAD - SPS 55585 ” oes Pp m. 63.93 6 a. m, 64,07 6 p. m. 64.27 i 6 a 64.32, poms] 64,53 - Op. Wl. ‘e's 64,70 we . >. 163. “88 | 6.08 «6,08 64.12 a I saght shower of rain; pig ny Sky overcast; wind wes ear. : °: Calm an va clear. Fair; wind from NE.; a heavy: shower ht. during poh nig an Theiing.the, night high wind E. be: N- Calm and clea: si Clear and calm. va Py bia and clear, : Cone ; "elie Rome 9 miles | ape 6 p.m. . 64.59 254°) 69 54 No wind; clear. tober 2 6 ay m 64.4 42 | 3 ) Clear and calm. ’ Camp hala te guveenee hs .-| Gpem. , 64.65 304 | 704 4 “ap CARNE oy 5s alas CHEE HET WR, October 3. ..|. 6 &. M. | 64.70 41 | 384 | 3 do TUG) vc ege dpa ns eseess mete) gap : 6 p.m. . 64.66 9 72 5 do ae Yon tae GaN. Lode e 5s .| October 4 6a m. 4 64.65 5 40 Calm and clear. ' Camp GD. os» « seh ec bet do pat) 6 pom. 4 64.79 26 ve 4 Clear a calm. De occ Re eee ee ee ee October 5. 6 b mi. 4: 64.76 |, 5% 41 87 or 66, near @ecorrs e354088 do * 5.80 ps m. 64,72 7 724 | (56 and clear; str ong breeze from SE. { he : aes ring the alternoo Do aside: haere =| 08 Bem |b ees | BY OF 145 lear Tight vind south Fawr GP. vie ve Kaye sets e Ra do vt 6 p.m...) ) 64.79 25 75 57 cast in east, anda strong wind ae ' i 1: cet ~ from n sot pal bea HATA ES October 7 +.| 6B. m...|| 64.56 10 50 46 Clear and ¢ cain S5fcieu ec cacbtiieeces - do ‘ 6 p.m, . 64.72 24 71 58 Strong wind. ye south, whieh has been leg plowing 8 day. Be iiee ice Pepe eeet cog) October 8 .:| 6 as m.”. 64.74 101 | 48 \ 42 ar Cy calm. , Camp OF... ire eens nyse ae Ostober 9 ..| 6 4 m. . 69.16 14} 344 1 3384 Can m0, cual sie of the Del * do .80 p. m. 65,24 gai | 714 | jo4 Fair ; Tight wind from south, waite Has blown strong from the same quarter jek" - during the ay: Camp 70, east side of the Del October 10 . 6.30 p. m. 65.26 41) 35 |.J---- Clear and calm ba orte, ‘ C0 ill 70, east side of the Deal do 5.30 p.m 65.37 203 |' 62 48 Clear; wind S. by W. - Camp Reps yt. WORE October 11 ..| G a.m... vo 73 1 30 |J..%.. Clear and calm. = Do 1 iid F pele ote Soiaeey ef * October a 6.30 a. m. 65. 99 14 30 Wasece } do é a Sa UB alist. Ui ods priate ys gete « oO os 6.80 p.m. . . dD E do vceaeveceet October 13 .. be. m..: do Gas rae ere erers ever re. do oe 6,30a..m do ¥ Do ceseees re eveee} October :4 ..} 6 & m oe : do Camp Weve essesesee tts todo .«| 6.30p. m Clear; light wind frove the south. © ; 3 ic duc ine eset e ‘| October 15 ..| 6 a m Clear and calm. Camp 73. fies after leaving do .-| 5.30 p.m Clear; light wind S. by W. : x “) Carp? Besyneceenssngeetiae October 16 o. 6 fil, Im. «- Clear; light wind’ SW. - = oo amp rep eaees eae al ..| 5.15 p.m. ue ht clo mae wind strong from SW. ‘| October 17 ,.| 6 a m. «- lage bdo. set} 5 py m . wind, Clea ligt writ south. >» BOW! Me br i : ~ Fi ; : Ja roximate | E Remarks, — : me 3 3 som ; ' 8 i 4 , ie i 3 we 7: gee aa ret wv pa ‘ Le er : ; ‘ é Z 4 4 \ \ : duet aS a ea ser oa ise R A j oka ye APPENDIX No. 3.—METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS—Continued. | “7 a ES A Ag ae i ‘ é E 2 | f 2 : 4 : | _ * : 7 . i ‘ ; i ’ ” ‘ ln i de | r 4 t Thermometers gs Sa A lace of obser ti i. vet Date ' Time. Bammcter, ; 3 : Approximate Remarks. P , of? vatio ‘ f es Ee altitude. y ay Se 1 a]. lie ; a.) be ek a, | Camp 109, at an old mill on the | November 27 6.30a. m.| 46.14 1 ee eee 176 | , Pt 110—Salt Lake, on the do 9 wm: ..% 76.55 Gi | 4B4 1.098. 52 Clear ; bright moon, and star-light. ‘y lornada. : # a i ed : Camp 111, on the Jornada, Ca- | Noyember O8 | Fpome.s; 75.40 16 594 1 52 Calm and clear. . + ris ereek. " ‘ oa 4 ; m b ht , umber 2° 3.30 a. m.| (75.56 3 $64 |. 04. 445 Fogey around oe posts horizon ; bright a id aon; #8 the Jornada, Ca- | November 29 | 6.30 a, m ) : a bi eye | he yeast Heke fama ‘ : . rae } light wind vile i ) ’ west, Comp 112 Pe tavaks do Spi misss| “72.71 | 17 | 6O | G1 (| Heavy clouds around the western horizon, on i p and wind fro in ine same a ide hy ; ’ ar 3 Piva. cost 472.60 11 04 1:8. 2 Dark, heavy clou whet over the m wf o ' emotcingand na ' 1539 tains i in the wi _ sky bright in "dia ’ ze ie Bibs do 5 mi...| 72.89 44) 58. ].-a8. 4 | High wind from the west, and cloudy in he : the s ah ae sh Ha testis 14 eso he re Lt 6280 a; w.| © 72060 % 98) No.2 Sky clear of clouds, but misty around the ’ ie serrate ise: mide > : ‘ t western horizon ; wind continues from i . west. ) Divi d ». | Ta80.o. wel) 60.64.) 18 |) 49 -).52c8. 2670 Clear; wind high from the we ho eee : iG 5p. a! me onda (| High ‘win d from the west, and eeery clouds Li i ide i ‘ i | ‘i the same quarter. ind y * ember 2 6.30:a: m: : $9; lictee : Night damp; heavy dew this morning; wi - mw } stag 3 ' j moderate from the west; te brats in , » but overcast ‘in t Mae’ qua do oo and aga , 4, at Warners “Agua 5 py mee. pat Wate FS * pe ake AE PMA ET Gar Cali iente.” do at Warden's “Agua i, at Warner’s “Agua » 114, at Warner’s ‘Agua 7 s * teeee do December December December December ember do December 0 December December 0 December do December December : oO December December December December oO December do December 10 il 13 14 15 16 17 1 i.) 19 20 21 22 23 ‘December 3 j} 8.200: ma. 68. 66° 5p.m....| 68.67 | 11 7 Ri Wied; 68.50 5 agen on 68.50 4 § hh mies. 75.38 1i}* 7.45 a ®.7 54 6.30a. m 75.39 14 Sipm, <4 15.23 11 6.30 a ‘ 5 p.m. 15.54 12 6.30 a. m : dost)... ae. op. Mess 76.41 14 Sunrise .. p. i, 76.80 16 8a Ae 77.03 14 > pal 76.94 4 > mgt 76.76 3 30a. m 76.55 2 > p.m... 6.37 15 .30-a..m, 76.70 3 p.m. 76.55 n§ .lda.m 76.81 14 ) P va 76.76 Bt .30 a, m Th, 4. PRM. ces TBS 5 .30 a.m 76:97 33 p.m. 76.72 6 .30 alm 76.81 14 5 DeMcevel- 76.72 154 Sas 76,80 16. 0 seeeene eesene 477 A ~~, “7 Heavy frost; sky overcast; no wind. Sky darkly overcast; light wind west. Cloudy; heavy mist; appearance of rain. Wind ial gta and heavy mist around the hor Day fair “throughout clear sunset; wind moderate from SW. Clear; wind dat ate Heavy frost; no wind; i overcast. with dark clou Glenn, wind N WW and ¢ ae Wind high SE. It rained song last night, and this morning wn? » with the wind from same quar m Thick Vaya around the horizon; light air outh. ro Sky a alm ; poy rain at noon. Sky. clear; fair and calm Sky overeast; calm Sky slightly overcast; ; no wind. jear and calm. Sunset brilliant; no wind; fair Sky clouded; looking like rain; sae ‘ Brilliant sunset; clear and calm loudy; no win Clear; brilliant sunset ; male, | Quite fa sys and calm. Clear and calm. air; no Aya Cloud e west; cali Sky gaan and darkly overcast ; ike rain; no win looks SLT arpeprx in % 1—METHOROLOGICAL OBSERY AITONS—Continved. a a 4 $s i bapLY i a a a 4 a. — me { ' 4 Thermometer Date. Time Bat meter. : ee . |Approximate] Remarks- , 3 = altitn de. ' F-| 3 é ‘ iy be 2 i) 1 . f a ae ea | ff ai & | Ble gi if eecee ene e eet egeeenee| December 23 | 5 p.m....| - 76. 16 604 | 574 liant seuiset ; aged clearing off; no win pre Diego. Desahe 4 bibacm4i pow | is || Bs Cloudy; wind light NE. Do 5 p:m....| (76. 17 603} 574 Clo Dade in the west; calm. December 25 | 8.30 a. m. 716.42 15 60 67 Clear and eaim Amt o 5 pape 76.47 65 62 Wind east; brilliant sunset; fair. December 26 | 8.30 a. m 76.66 17 OE ae RS Bre Raining, moderately, though steady; no u PY 1 i 4 : land: : ee: do 5p. 76.52 | 17 | 64 | 59 Gletniande it December 27 | 8.30 a. m 76.72 16 603} 59 |., ind sna e fair. We had a heavy aie y ' “shower degingh the night. a 7 do 5 p.m. 76:70} 16 | 60 | 56 Clear and calm Do December 28 do 76.75 16 60 55 Clear Fig wind N. by W. Do December 29 Say miss: 76.55 14 66 52 Cloudy; no > win é é y fz 8° athitodted, : AES Ea Mle i ere ee kr Pe ee A a wie | © + ee ie SS nS eae APPENDIX No. 4. ‘ ‘i * ‘ ’ 2 a any OF GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONS, ‘game 0° ed by the West of Greenwich, meet Date. . Places of observation. © : ) ~ [North latitudes. | Authorities. . | Distance from ihe distance In time, Tn are. camp to camp m Fort ‘ Sha vonwortil 1846, Deg, min. sec. | H. min. sec. |Deg. min. sec June 23! Fort Leavenworth, on the Missouri... 39 21 14 6 18 56 94 44 00 | Latitude of Fort i ' Sag fy} ne by . H. Em Longitude of "Fort tee ou y J. N. Nic 30 | Camp 4, Oregon trail, about one mile ; ah where it strikes the Wakarcissi ' 43 43 38 54 08 & 20; & W.H. Emory July 4 Csunp 8, Big John Springs tee vi 4 124 38 39 28 6 24 58 do 5 | Camp 9, Diamond Spring. .... veda 20 vt ad 6 26 09 do 6 Pant 10, rcicweed giaok vive the Bad 29 173 38 29 30 6 07 do Camp 13, Cow cree 58 231 11 | Camp 14, bend of the aoe river, where the rae F SURGN He 6 adie ss cage 22 253 oS Ob 17 6 33 28 do 13 Cand | « Foe 35 288 38 10 10 6. 85) 41 do 19 | Camp 20, Jac ne a Grove 64 352 37 41 38 G Ba 2 do me * 22 | Camp 23, Arkansas, on the river..... 66 418 37 b7 39 Fe OND cas He do ¢ 2 | Camp 26, Arkansas, Ty the river..... 64 482 38 01 08 6 46 44 do 30 Camp 30, 82 564. 38 02 83 6 52 04 103 01 00 do Ang. 3 | Camp 32, oat the Tin 34 + 598 37 44 56 6 64 16 do ' 5 p 34, 0 n the Phen ibe vie hw eee | 53 651 37 11 59 6 56 47 do 6 | Camp 35, OM CEO WOW fie c cc cene 17 668 37' 00 21 6... 87 01 do 7 | Camp 36, on the Gatidinhuacsveccst 17 685 36 47 34 | 6 56 59 do 9tt * Sept. Nov. —_— to Weanoy -£ SS hm, te | Camp Saha G Camp 103, = an ialuna in the Gila... nee Camp 38, on the Oharnaton Citron... 30 715, Camp 40, - ogc Pee about one mile > west 0 50 765 Cam dx Aaa pas mile south of the ar 792 C amp 43, bly recs ae Np de baeee 19 811 Camp a Fé. 62 873 Camp, Mie Rio del ie about one. mile below San Felippe .......... 38 911 Camp on heb Rio del Notte, near the Alam ‘ Cagnp at Peralta, near Sefiora Chavis? 's private chapél..... Camp 62, a little south of, and about ne mile west of Peralta 48 959 Camp 65, west, bank of Rio del Norte, ‘ about two miles below atar ; BR 1011+ Camp 68, west bank of Rio del Norte 37 048 Camp 70, east ban el Norte. }.." tees sear 73, ey camp after leaving Rio ‘ Os 1116 ic 51 in the mountains, betweer the Del Norte oe Copper Mie. 38 1154 Camp 77, Night creek ......0....... 47 1201 ny be first Sams on the Rio Gila.. 8 1209 cane BI, on the Gila af 50 1259 Camp 83, on the Gila 38 1297 amp 86, on the Gil 63 1360 see 87, on the San ae Lie two niles from its 9 1369 -Camp 89 Gan toisseaent cr eek. ss... 21 1390 Camp 91, on the San Tiare. near its mou 38 1428 | Camp 93, on the Gila.....6i.......5 29 1457 Camp 95, on the Gila 87 1494, aye 97, between ‘eed and Coco illages 23 1517 Camp 9 99, ‘on the i4 1561 Camp 101, 0 39 1600 ee 1639 = & Sa ie os Sie SS I SS ow Se a ee ee oe eT St SIESTA S ghee “ag. 5s ca * 39 | 104 39 49 | 104 57 46 | 105 11 105 20 05.5} 106 01 ~16.2} 106 34 00 | 106 45 08.4] 106 47 14.2} 106 48 54 | 106 58 14 | 107 03 57 | 107 04 25.1 107 36 90 | 108 00 32 | 108 38 00 | 108 45 30 | 109 0 28 |°109 22 06.3} 109 31 110 20 01.6] 110 30 00.4} 110 45 19.5} 110 4: 52.6] 111 13 03.8] 111 45 28.8] 112 20 | 112 "60 6 1 41.6, 113 25 50,7| 113 87 ELT ee - A-GROGRAPHICAL POSITIONS” Continued, cen z vit : 4 ait ‘hs ri y West of Gebadeial. mend oo me ‘ He Wet : “| North latitudes.| | Authorities, Pais in -} Distance from | Total distance | 7 In time, Th are. Pe be Bee mee ~) 8 leamp to camp.) + from F i , HOR Grae ee pis at vata eavenworth, ; : : Ae ie Ai MY ; ‘ f < . \ ear, a ' | Deg. min. sec. h. min. sec. |Deg. min, sec. i ; : 21 ye ih G Gila ; 26 1665 $2 43 17 | 7 37 22,8] 14 20 43 | W.H. Emory. : 22 | eand a half mile ; woe! mouth x the tion of the Gila es . ; ; { the "Rio Go f 22°. 1687 B2;, 42° 09 7. $8 23.6) 114 37 09 do. : 25 iret cam Gaher ra the Rio Colo- ; ' i et : 22, 1709 32 40 2% | 7- 39 45.81 114 56 28 do bet 98 | Camp 111, Cariso Onethgvyis.vesaved. Thal 1786 92 52 93 | 7 44 24.6] 116 06 -09 do ea 29 © Camp 112° Valle Citon To) 1802 32 58 19 7.45 22.7) 116-.20°. 40-1, do ‘an Deo. 2 114, a few handy yards south : : e . " root Yiarse r’s rane ieee 2 Bo: * 1837 34 16: 57 7 46. 34:8!°116 38 43 do Zi 7 | Camp 118, battle eioand lof the 7th. | 50 1387 34,03 42°| 7 48 1 | 117 09 29 do } San — ae SQUAre) Seeeese esl 29 1916, 32 45 00 7 48 44 | 117 11 00 | Latitude by W.H. Ct ni i Emory. ay : Longitio, iy Sir # ‘a Ed. : e ‘ “ , ei ; eT Bes, eR) : qj # \ ‘ Ae "i Ee gs agar er at lane: 3208s e882 pier aa! iy APPENDIX No. 5 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. | Norx—The lunar distances were reduced by Professor Hubbard, - sped Bessel’s method, which is presumed to be the most accurate ethod known. The important changes made in the longitude of one or two pent positions, must, therefore, depend for authen- treation upon the observations t themse Ives. se observations have not, in all cases, been multiplied to the : extent desired, owing to the nature of the service on which the un- . dersi agned was employed; but there is no reason on the face of them g for Menbiing the results ‘deduced. r. : W. H. EMORY. June 21, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. _ DETERMINATION OF TIME. _ “Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre Chronometer fast. in the east. a ae ae A Deg. min. sec. jt. m. » §- 4 O01 46.5 102 20 6 53° 14.9 A OF 52.- 103.09 6.53. 14.8 (4+ 06- 15.2 103 40 30 6-5s's15.¢4 - - 4:07 30:0 104 08 26 6 53. 15.7 4 08. 27.1 104 ~- 29-° 35 6-63 -16.0 4 09 56.7 105 02 30 6 53 17.6 - @& le 18.5 705° 33~=« 30 6 53 16.6 _ @& 12 46.2. 106 O07 20 6 = 53> 34.1 : 13, 57.3 106 -63 ~35 6 &B- 15.0 ae 15 59 107° 18 40 6.5 45.7 ~ - Thermometer 60°. Z wi . re, a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. June 21, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. DETERMINATION OF TIME. 4 Time, p.m. Double altitude of Arcturus : Chronometer fast. ‘ ‘ in the west. Armes 3. Deg. min. sec he Mee. 427 39.8 126 57 50 6 53 19.2 : 42.29 - 38:0 126 08 10 6 53- 17.4 4 30 32.0 125 46 50 6 63: 20.2 4 32 30.2 125 10 20 6 53 18.5 4 =33 ~=«259.1 124 44 00 6° 53 2&2 4 35 31.5 124 14 40 6 53 17.0 40137 14.7 123 43 00 65 BR MBER 4 4 38 52.8 123 12 05 E 6 G8 - ¥t.2 j 4 40 35.3 122 41 15 6 53 21.9 rej. ' 4°42 17.0 122 08 00 6) he- Wee... | Thermometer 60°. Chronometer fast by 10 obs. of east Stur sc. ovegs 37 ee 166: Chronometer fast by 9 obs, of west star .....--- 18.50 Mean «eX a aig Sonsig Dene ie va 6 53. 17.0 > * DETERMINATION OF INDEX ERROR. = on | ; . Heo Off the A es seoeeeeeoaeee® eoeeoe ee eeoseae? et +e bees 31 pod On the’ are? ic csc tte pececs eee eee ces e ee eee eee eae 31 : Index error = + 20”. \ : : - ¥. 82 > APPENDIX No.5 Continued. June 21, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. os DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE: Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. - : = Deg. min. sec. . Deg. min. sec. 2 16 36 40 39 #21 998 16 Sh. 56 39 221284 + : 76. 38.55 39° 21.22 76 40 50 39° 217 24 16; 4F. 05°: 39 °.21°98 16: 4 455; 39 £21229 16 42 30; ° 39321-7710 7643.50. 1 39.4097: RS SE mT 39 5 21 2:36 76 45) 20° 39° 21° 33 76 46 20 ag. 31 ~39 = 96° 47°-10 oY "2, a0 76 48 20 39 21.45 716 48 40 g8: 31 93... ot, AD DO. oo 21-32 Mean of 16 observations, 39° 21" 30") Shaw ee POPE A : ie a Sen we =! ine 183 1€33 zo es APPENDIX No. 6=Contimned. +> °° | = gee : m = June 21, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. “4 DETERMINATION OF, TIME. eer = = ee cee henner aa ——————————————————— 8 94 . 50 10 04 O08. oa 46 1.0 &4 40 10 04 34. 3 44 224.0 94 30 10 05 OO. 3. 44 -08.5 94 20 10:00 . -26. S41. 57.5), 93 30 ~a0 A BB. S41 £326 93° 20 40 08 .03. 3: 44° cd S378 10 08 28. 3° 40. 39.5 93 00 10: 08 “55. 3.40 14.2 92 50 10 09 21, Lost 92 40 10 09 A7. o- 39. 21,5 92 30 10 10° 15 be hae Ther. 60° + Ther: 1a; Mean of 22 observations, 6h. 53m. 17.768. — a DETERMINATION OF TIME, ~ ’ “APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. June 22, 1816.—Fort Leavenworth. Time, a. m. Double altitudes of | - Time, p. m. Chronometer fast. sun’s upper limb. : i EEE SK se ic, Se ee a Deg. min. ho MS Ss, h. m. ome ? 3 48 02.5 95 50 10+ 01-..429.5 6 53 16.69 Se Be & ae Be 95 - 40 10 02 -08.2 6 53 17.04 m8 47°91 .5 o5= 3 It-'U2~—33:5 6 53 16.69 Poe 4644-9 95 = 20 10 02 59.1 6 53 16.84 —s 3-46 -38.5 95 - 10 10 03 . 26.5 6-53 16.69 =e. 45 Be .6 95 00 164 03> 52.0 6 53 16.44 22.3 45> 96.8 94 50 10-04 18.0 | 6°53 16.59 oS 45 01.6 94 40 10 +04. 45.1 6. 5a-_47 24 OS Ga 2520 94 30 10 05 11.0 6 523 17,19 + 3 44 08.5 94 20 .10 05 36.8 6 53. 16,84 Lost. 94 10 10 06 2.3 Lost. -. 94 00 10 06 28.5 3°41 57.5 93 30 10 O07 45.8 6. 53. 35.84 3 41 32.5 23 20 10. OS “Ti = 6 53. 16.34 3 41 05.3 $3 30 10 OS 38.8 6 63 16.24 3 40 39.5 | 93 00 10 .09 05.0 6 53 16:44 3 40 .14.2 ] *92 50" | 10 09 30.2" | 6 53 16.29 Pher. 68° Ther. =74° —s 8 Hy mt “Mean of 15 observations, 6h. : _ FRY APPENDIX No» 5—Continued, June 24, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p.m. ‘ Double altitudes of Lyre in Chronometer fast. the east. a See 2 Deg. min. séc. | h.. %m. s 44°C 26 324-0 115 45 10 6 53 06.2 4327 37.8 116 13. 05 6 53 06.0 4 29 38.0 116 58 30 6 53 06.6 ~y 4°730 255-77 Ei. 27. 65 6 53 06.7 ~ 4. 532°537:5 118 06 40 6. Ss 433 558.2 C21 a 16 6 5306.7 4°35 33.7 119. 33 45 6 539 05.9 — 4-37-4709 ss alae |: Sale 9 al 6 53 05.9 oo. -OOL8 120 44 05 6°53 04.7 Thermometer 66°. Sieg ee ee eee Time, p. m, ‘| Double altitudes of = Chronometer fast. ' in the west. é nt entanteamninesiae | * ; i ee a | - Deg. min. sec.- Rs Ms 8: 4 44 52.0 Ai7 22. 56 2 @é- IL-6 4 46 47.5 116 44 55 6 53 14%6 rej. 4 48 19.0 ’ .A16---13---00- 6 -63 --11.8.. 4 50 06.8 115 35 35 6 53 09.8 4 54 °31.5@ 114 “04 40 6 53 09:7 : 4 55 58.5 113 ~.34 ° 30 6 53 09.8 4567 ei4ie 118:.09 10 6 53 14.3 rej. 4 58 938.5 112 38 40 6 53 09:3 * 5 00 26.7 112° 01 45 6 53 12.0 . 5 02 05.0 > 213° :89- 26 6 &°as2 Mee TS wot ‘Barometer 39.52 Thermometer 64°, 34.57 : 5 : he ™: Ss. ‘ _ Chronometer fast by 9 obs. of east star ........ 6 53 06.58 - Chronometer fast by 8 obs. of west star ........ 10,76 Mean oes eee e8 e868 oereae cite cs *oeeeee 6 53 08 . 67 a = : Me : : % Ei: _ ee ; 2 ge ees - | ~ APPENDISNo: 5—Continted. June 25, 1846.—Fort Leavinworih. ‘ oe _ >) -DETERMINATION CF TIME. . wn re Se nen ae reo er en cn meneame Time, p.m. Double altitudes of | Time, a. m.—Junb $6. | Chronometer fast “> J sun’s upper limb. ; os ot pes OT AD GO OVE Be & 6.53 08,02 6 53 | 06,88 5 5 a) oe e663: 200.7 0 5 O°} .6 63 -06.73 2 Sere TS? EP Beth per. 4404 my apm : 44% ; . ; esse - : = Nee Mage seo OE OS LES RM aae oAee f: 7 ee = See meme Jamar oe eee = ee as eae: - Barometer, 39.50. se “34.48. Mean of 7 observations, 6h. he 07 .16s. ae oe sole: 26, 1846. —Fort LR bAworth. See aes ee . 2 " DETERMINATION oF TIME. = oa z eo tle _ Timgga.m. Do: alle altitudes of de? Time, p.m: —_ |. Chronometer fast.” Sogo. 5 eas cote he lich. Oe SS eas = ; a nh. re: - Deg. mine : oe hi’m. Mm. — S« . 92 | 53 205.97 “63° 904.67 “53 205.07 oy 05.12] 53 06.32; 53 05.07 53 «05.al 53 53 05 .86 05.76 : ee: eee | a ‘ ah hee % ap ht fee ae on ean of 1 eerron,: 6h. 53m. a MBs. te AR nar seis hl gis a = Sie = saa - SS Bee : ce | .e3i- _ . ' = 2 3 3 APPENDIX No. 5-Oontitiued. | = s 7 ‘ ‘ ys June 26, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth; N. W. angle of square. eee Z ae : : 5 3 t ze DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. = - me Se Set Time, p.m... Double altitudes of a Ophi- | Latitude. i uchi, near the meridian. ‘ tbe : 84.36 40 84 39-20 8821, 08: ty ies si 4 * a mM 28. Mek Deg mingsec. | ~-, Deg. min. sec. Sees 4.29 57 : 39 21 12 ; aaa wow wa Cope CAD) fone kt Ot2 Ore SO BOCoocCaonR ho a pe Leah Ped or (ata wo oO ro) _ ° ~} Or et eu Ww ms conto Nr: & Cw fod be) ras vo ona I ih i 6 USD OLDS ‘bet be ach ca, Ott © EN O.00 COENEN IO ee ies 21° 38 fe ae ore t 76 55 35 ae 2t ae o te ts 76 56 05 oy 2y" Sk Barometer, 39.42 inches. ets oe, 5 BE es | Thermometer 64° Mean of 11 observations, 39° 21’ 32”, Soe. oa [7] he APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. | [Without using horizon glass.] + June 26, 1846.—Fort Leavenworth. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. é ° Time, p.m. | Double altitudes of a Ophi- Latitude, uchi, near the meridian. ae Deg. min, sec. , Deg. min. sec, ° & -8'=: 39°85 126>° 23°} 20 39 20 ain. * o - bE = 37.8 126 28 40 39.30 D2 ~ 20.2 196> 32? )6B" °° 39.--20 SAS ' 5 64 26:0 126 35 05, 39 20 00° 5 56 40.7 126 38 20. 39 20 48 5 58. 38.6 126° 38 40 39° 21 °° 06 O 0657.0 126 40 50 39 ‘20 44. 6 02 39:2 126;.39-; 58 39. 2105, © 04. 05.4 126 38 15 oo. 21 ou 6 06 34.0 126° 36 45 oo. 215.16 ©4672, 55:1 126-34 20 . 39 21..95 O09 «18.7 126 33 05 39 2316 s+ © 10. .91,9 126.29 50 39...19° 45 O13 43.5 126: -27 20 39 19. 32 6412. 23.2 126 23. 45 39 20. 16 ‘Thermometer 63. Barometer, 39.42. : 34.41 ’ Mean of 15 observations, 39° 20’ 37”. Latitude of Fort. eg. mm s Latitude by observations of Polaris, June 21]... 39 21 20 Polaris, June 26., 21. 32 si 17 _ = -a. Ophiuchi, June 26 ae 34 cs = = Rae ~a Ophiuchi, June 26 © 20° St Mis occ 8 21> > Double altitudes of —— in the east. ee | «om c ieee e Deg. mine “Hee 45 Thave no ¢ ( a 0 onfidence i in < ga cat ae een ie NS ig EC, in a ree ea aN SS ay oly ee... Be 3 * » < “ as : 3 ? APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ' a Ste 3 ; : 5 i deine 2T 184 Ouek Fort Leavenw orth. oe eee Me - : = DETERMINATION OF TIME, 4 Ps + —— z 7m : . a a iv s Time, a ee Double altitudes of |, Time, p. m.—June Chronometer fast. , sun’s upper limb. . ~ . F . r ; ~ -Deg. min. | Ln “ww wwow Www wow a me co eiga ee. a wo iD nt WDOAWDOONDNOWOS © ww 2 S heal 2 2 5 On OPH 2% ie) ws me ves) a © boon © OTS AS aio mwsdvanywvo Pe bet es Be tS te Crm aS wH as ye) e9 XS) © (ar o bet if HR RAAMAARAARAS | as a sa S ° & Lal a 0 43 i enc93. 30 10. 08. 13. oor: 43 93° 40 lost Pee 3 44 00 93 50° 16207; 21. 52 06.63 a 3 44 Q4 94 00 10- 06. 54. 52° 05.68 es = Mean of 11 observations, 62. 52m, 06.22¢. eae = 3 2 e OES ce PE . = r = | ” ; a 9 gi : = = i = : 4 mk, a Pea Sieg Sane ee Se ae ake aa Pa ats we fae a Ba * 192) .. “ae 2 3 Sa : Se : * ‘ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. _ ; : a — . 1846.—Gam: No. 4. “oi = nee 0, 18 * Cam Pp ge : DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ~ © . Time, p.m.’ Double sihicede of a Ser- Latitude. * pentis, near the meridian, " s oo a Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec .: 3.49 20.8 115+ .592 10 53° 54 3. 50. 36.8. 116 00 10 38° 54 —05 So0bE: 44-7 116: O1/ 15 38**83--59-. oS + SEIOSD Beco 116. 02 05 38: $3 258 30 54° O10. 1IG= 09? 45 38.* 63.53 SagHBS BS 27. 2: 1364 02: 55 oo. $3.54 (33 oGo 56:8 116 02°-.45 38... 53 =66 3.58 04.5 116 01 40 on O4,° 15 ; 3#i09 > 4.8 116. OI * 25 38.63 50 4.00. 46.0 116 00° 00 38 54 © 07 4 62° 3.1 115-58: 31 38 54 10 4° 03 20:0 115 56 50 38 54 0S 4 04 33.0 115° 63-40 38 53 45 -. The four last observations rather doubtful; musquitos so very’ _ troublesome. 2 : * a ; Pd A a * . 7 . : : : Mean of 13 observations, 38°53’ 59”. | me iz > * < He bee” = - B. : - a oe ee Sie te a ee ae Z _ ; 14.0 iid 69, 20 6 54 13.4 111 32 30 6 54 16.1 rej. aif Gi 10 6 54 14.0 110° 42 20 , 6 54 12.5 110 00 G0 6 64 10.2 109 : 33. 50 6: ‘64 -12.1 - Thermometer, 66°. : ‘ ’ = =e | ee ee Le nometer fast by 6 obs. of east star ..... seyea. 67k -06 2a. nometer fast by 10 obs. of west star ......... 12.55 * j iia ne oo pera ‘ Or eee ee ee 6 54 8.82 ae . : : i * « ? . agian ae a oa . : Saat 2 hi : oe ae ‘) z - * ‘ 3 t -". ; 1s * [7% APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. fs : ae July 4, 1846.—Camp 8, Big John Spring. : P “ ay DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p.m. _ Double altitude of sun’s Chronometer fast. upper limb. é he tm 1B Deg. min. h.' thee 84 10 33° 24.2 86 10 6 58 49.7 10 33 50.8 86 00 6 58 50. 10 34 17%0 85. 50 64 6 58 5r0 , 10 384 41.8 85) 40 6 68-5033 10 35: 08.2 85 380 6 68:5hal 10 35). 33.7 85 20 6 58 50.9 10 35. 59.0 85 10 6 63 50:6 10 86. 26.8 85 00 6 O80 Sha 10 36) 49.2 84. 60 6 68 10 37).17.0 84 40 6 58 40. --37--42.0 34 30 6 568 : 10 -38 08.5 84 20 6° 68-51. mw 88 (36.2 .. 84 ~=—.10 6 58,.52.9 10 38. 58.7 84 00 6. BS “SOs7 te ‘ Phermometer, 88°. ‘ Mean of 14 observations, 6/4. 58m. 50.96s. igs or SE ee i 4 , a Ber 3 hy fis ; ee < 2 ee : _¢ APPENDIX No: 5—Continued. July 5, 1846.—Camp 8, Big John Spring. 1 Pit . ‘ DETERMINATION OF TIME. Double altitudes of a Aqnile Chronometer fast. in the west. fe Deg. min. sec h. Mig. & 31 28.0 85 48 40 6 58 47.9 32 - 30.8 85 28 30 6 68 °50.8 33* 37.0 85 °04 20 6 58 46.6 57.9 84. 36 05 6 58 47.4 (25.8 06 35 —6©«6 68 4TL9 : 06,2 83.31. 25 6 58 46.8 S 10.0 83. 09, 35 6. 58 47.9 oO 40° 09.7 | 82 48 30 6 58 47. SEES 0455 82.28 40 6 58 44.9 rej 10° 42 03.2 82. 08 30 ' 6 58 46. 7 ‘ Mean of 9 observations, 6A. 58m. 47.598. *. = 2 a Z ee eae eC Ae 4197 : {7 ] i APPENDIX No: 5—Continued, 1 July 5, 1846.—Camp 8, Big John Spring. nt ‘ Bete DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, a. m Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. F ee | PO Deg. min. sec. Deg. man. sec. 10.,.03...11.0 79 24 45 38.39. 50. 10.04. 43.8 49 25 30 30..,.39 _ D5 10 06..16.7 49 20 20 38.39. 10, 07 31.0 i 4 SU 38. 397 52 | 10. 09 20.0 79 28 20 38 39 53 : 10. 11. 54.0 49 22 50 a0. ot pa, °? Time, a. m a altitude of peer, Latitude. — r the meridia Mm 8. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec 10 16 59.0 494-<- Ad BO 38 10 18 39.9 47.242. 5o 38. , 38. 59 19: 19 46.2 basi 15 oo oF ID ee ae 11 1) 5D 38 39,10 3 10 22 52.0 ripest ease. 38-06 ‘ 10 24 01.8 77 10 36 38 39 II : ro 25 99.2 77 08 00 38 39 10 10 26 49.0 77 O08 05 38 39 Ii : Thermometer 75°. die = Loi camp. — “Deg. min. SOC, = Latitude by 6 observ ations of i ape eee setae 35° 39 fie Z ob beelyads ; 06 + ee MCA sinexne ale we . 38. ae ee * * » ee. PAM hel Be Fae Pe, Se ee te es eg ee he hae Peng Pet st = ; . sos erat Seas Bt +5 3 er Se ae ae a Ee : a i 1 ‘ ‘ * [ 2 : : ; 5 es ¥. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 5, 1846.—Camp 9, Diamond Spring. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitdde. A. m £ Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec 3.53. 40.0 74 58 36 52 a OO cee 74 59 10 38 36 48 3-56, 33.0 TO U0. 20 38 36. 58 3° 58° 06.5 75 00 55 38 36 54 3, 09.11.90 75 O1 40 38 36 58 4° 00 0 7e Oe U0 oo oo O04" 4 01 “07.0 wo Bk + 2 Rs 38 36. 56 4 01 59.0 75 03 00 38 36 54 _ swage -03.. 13.5 15 Q3 -30 38 36 53 -4 Q4 35.7 75 04 35 38 36 57 4 1058.0 76 OF: 25. 38. 36.57 4 12-°00.0 716 08 “20 38 36 49 “43. 07.2 | 15 09 25 38 36 49 4 14 56.0 1b U9 56 38 36 50 4 15 56.2 "6° 19 40 38 36 51 Thermometer 72°. “Mean of 16 observations, 38° 26 52”. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. \" July 5, 1846.—Camp 9, Diamond Spring. a DETERMINATION OF TIME. ¥ le Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Lyre *Chronometer fast. » ‘mm the east. . ‘ - ‘ a om. ED: Deg. min. sec h. £ [ a. ft .2 106 40 45 6 59 54.8 3 28 49.8 Wei 21 6 59 58.4 eave 00.7% 107 47 20 6 59 57.0 o 30 40.0 108 07. .25 6 59 53.2 a ae 22.0 108 Az .10 6 69° 64-9 a ao -go.¢ 109 41 55 6 59 .b7.2 ‘ Seat 8. 109 32 50 6 59° 60.4 3 oo. 34.0 10 oo “40 6: 59 56.0% = 3.36 31.5 110 17 40 6. 69. 65.4. 3 37 24.7 110 37 40 6 59 55.8 - 3 38 47.5 112-° 9°" QO 6 569 55.9 Thermometer 72°. Time, p.m. | Double altitudes of Areturus Chronometer fast. in the west. ‘ > ¢ ae, led Deg. min. sec. | ae Seto oes 4 20 57.0 113 44 20 6 59 60.8 © 4 22 02.0 BtO "1 6 59 60.9 4-23 07.8 Fr? “oso 4 6° Gs 4 24. 16,0 Pe 3s CUCECG 4-25 . 20.8 F 112 10 00 6 59 60.0 4 26 09.7 o2 “20 6°59 Oe & = ‘ee O7 10.7 111 30 25 6 59 59.5 in 428 41.0 Liv 08 20 6 Dee ng s 4 29 33.8 110-38 55 6 59 59.8 an = Beet, Fatih ese AE) cccniinaiiogte:* 4, Termometes 7. eee he nu coat er ek | Chronometer fags by - observations et east star 6 59 a west star 3 0. ‘i ra . —_—__—— Daisy Sian a. 6 59 58.18 peel APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. a 2 July 6, 1846.—Camp 10, Cottonwood Grove. v DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p, m. Double altitudes of a Lyra, * Chronometer fast. Bt ie af in the east. ; \] zr — Meet. s. Deg. min. sec. We Maes se 4°05 32.8 #22 06 ~- 80 7 OF 54.0 4 06 40.0 . 22 31 Go T- O1 ‘oF.0 4 07 59.5 133.2201 Tt OF $4.3 4 09 07.0 i Feo “91 BG 7 O01 52.0 @> S30 “81,8 fzra-"DG “OO Pe Oe: We: t : 4 11 ‘45.8 124 28-15 T Ur Dont 4.13, 04.5 $24 99 “20 t "OF “2a5e 4 14 24.0 125: 29 60 Tour oT. T ‘ Fi “Bis, es m. : i Double altitudes of Arcturus ‘ Chronometer fast. ees aie in the west. s ae Deg. min.sec. a tee 2 eG 9999800 113° 38t 65° = a: OE 060 ie 4 30 62.8 113 O07 «50. 7 01 54,9 2 4 22 43.2 132..98 -.15-. 7 0). 54,8. 4 24 04.3 Lil 69. 36 7 C1 66.2 _ 111 ..30 25 7:01 36.6 ee ee 110 45 50 7, O1 64.2 : os. 40.0 109 57 55 7 O1 55.8. - / €° 32° 42.8 108 51.10 “k Ql ob.5 : 4 34 54.0 198 13 40, % M1 b7.1 oo. < bs 46.2 107 44 15 ~ —&§1 56.6 : - 4 38 05.8 106 52 F Q1 55.8. 71) 4yS9 (14.0 106 26 7 O01 54.6.% - Thermometer _72°. : . = “s ee soft ee See “-Chronomeier fast by 8 observations of east star 7 0] 52.44 08 : Lie 229 . : eS pre ae = * : Mean «ee eee Posaes toe ea aoe oe 7 j 01 54.03 : 2a i 7_ Scie Ss tan” —— APPENDIX No. 5 —Continued.. July 6, 1846.—Camp 10, Cottonwood Grove. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Poiapie: Latitude. Ae m8: Deg.min.sec. | Deg.min, sec. 4 49 21.0 Teo ha 40... 38 29 44 4 53 05.0 76: 39-36, ou. 29 95 4.54 07.0 715... 20° “Sb 33 ; 29700 4.55 36.2 1G... 21° ap 39), 29 aD 4.56. 58.3 %G, . 22 1p 38 . 29 26 4.. 58. 07.0 - 90...22

Deg. iin be _t. Dep. min. sec. . 4-6 46:0 - 14 59 45 SO 24 Se 4°19 27.5 75 01 05 os" a & 20 16.0 75 O1 40- oo ae 7 Thermometer 68°. : i * ? : : Deg. min. sec. Latitude by 10 obs. of Polaris, July 6...-..-:.66. 38 29 31° Latitude by 3 obs. of Polaris, July 7.....--.. eos 7 : : * : ————_——— ee i Mean of 1p observations ...-.++++-, apihasins owvetes BO a Se 30 oe ‘APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . July 7, 1846.—Camp 10, Cottonwood Grove. ‘ DETERMINATION OF TIME. WTR Pa > ee nes. oe pee Seg? clling © eel aie Rs ee. tg Milena? ee a sae a ee se eee . : . S : ; - 4 ht Fae Time, e. m. Double altitudes of suh’s Chronometer fast. upper lim a. eS Deg. min At 4 Gl "24 2 95 50 7° @r 63 4°01 504 96 00 1- (i Ge? 402 46.3 S6 10 . 29°F Ss 4-02 “4128 96 20 1-OL Ge.4 4 03 07.0 96 30 "| - Gr €e-.S 4 03 58.8 £6 50 1: Gt Gey 4 04. 50.8 97 10 1' GF 80.3 4°05 17.0 fees, 7° OY 50.5 4 05 42.7 97 30 7 O01 50.4 4 06 08.7 Bs | 40 7 O1 50.5 4 06 34.0 97 bO 7. 81 49.9 4 06 59.6 ‘tg 98 = 00 7 01 49.6 Thermometer, 88°. Mean of 12 observations, 7h. 4m. 50. 26s. 3 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 7, 1846.—Camp 10; Cottonwood Grove. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of sun’s Chronometer fast. upper lim kh. emo” TS. Deg. min. hivams) <8. 17 49.0 93 20 7° 0% 54.0 ' FS. Mid 93 10 7 OF 53.6 18 38.8 93 00 7°08 52.4% 19) -06;1 92 50 100% S82 - 19 31.0 92 40 7 Ol 53.1 19 57,0 92 30 7 04 53.4 20 47.5 92 10 7° O01 52.4 21 13.5 92 00 7.2 Oe SRST 21: G2 91 50 72 0B GETS 22 08.0 91 40 7 UE Or v2 00.0 91 30 7 O1 52.1 . 22.66.65 91 20 » 7 O01, 52.9 : 23. 21.8 91 10 7. 03. 52,5 23 48.0 | 9} 00 7 01 53.0 _ Thermometer, 90°. Mean of 14 obsetvations, © 74. Olm. 53.10s. Time, p.m. ~ Double altitudes of Areturus Chronometer fast. € ‘ in the wes + sis, me *e. Deg. min. sec. h. ty. 04 16.8 147 33 55 7 O1 50.4 05 * 24.5 if¥ 1 BG 7° O1 52.4 06 46,0 116 42 20 7 OL 61,2 07 32.0 116 26 40 | Ul: Us.0 09 54.0 115 36 5 7 O01 52.7 ™ | "APPENDIX. Now 5—Continued. July 11, 1846.—Camp 14, Bend of Arkansas. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Ly- . Chronometer fast. + r i ee Deg. min. sec. OL ee SF 3 26 08.0 112. 31 06 qT. 07-018 ‘ 3 27 04.0 112. 52 * 20 7 0 Ge 3 238. 05:8 Lidia «MR CU 7 ‘O07 Q&8 3°29: 04:7 113 38. 10 7° OF 02:3 | 3.30 34.0 114): 13 10 7.06 59.7 rej. 3 hak. 3.2 114 35 «405 7 OT 03.4 3°32 41,0 114.59 50 7) OT 04.2 3. das 3210 115) 35. “30 7 OF 02.8 33:35) 03,2 115)° 54 40 71°OR G29 3°36 01.2 116 16 40 120% Ga 3° 37, 02.0 116 40 15 TEQER 1 3° 38° 06.2 117 05 10 7.06 59.4 rej. Timé, p.m. Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. in the west. ee Deg. min. set. A. wm. 4, ! 3. 41 09.1 121 69:55 1. OT 06.0. : 3 42.10% 121 39 20 d «OT 04.8 — . } os 43 37:5 1Zt- 10> 25 7 OF 05.5 3.44 41.8 120 48 40 7 O7 05.4 3 45 38.0 120 29 30 7 OT 04.9. = €r' 0!.U0 120 UT"). 25 1°" o.2 ee 3 47 58.8 410 41 ~—=«O«S 7 O7 04.0 pe ee. 119.19. 40 7.07 02.9 4 3 60. 05.5 a5 57 30 T OT 03.0 “2 ee 118. 38... 10 7 @ 02%, + 352 00,3 118 18 10 7.0% 0339 352 O15 1 oh ly 7 ~ OF, °04,7 | A 4 = = as Li ; : > : : — 3 S¢e $s Thermometer, 71°. [eh * A. m. $ - Chronometer fast by 10 obs. of east stdr.....s.08. 7 O7 02.85 e Chronometer fast by 12 obs. of west’star'y. J. 03.949" _ 04,42 ei ; ee ; *Mean weecee Beneeenevers soe eee eee eee ee ee eee ee i | O07 03.64 “4 7 . ee : [ 7 1 : APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 11, 1846.—Camp 14, Bend of Arkansas. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. - t ~ | Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. . Latitade. | Siemens kh. m.- 8s Deg. min. sec. Deg.min, sec. 4-16 18.0 74. 48, 40 38 21 : Bnd 27.8 74 49. 55 38 221 -19 4: 38. 52.6 74. 50-. 30 38°21 “09 4 .20 33.0 74. 51 38 21 05 * i 4 21 26.1 74 52 10 38 +21 al 4 .22: 30.5 74 52 40 38 621 -07 : 4:23 66.5 74. 53 30 21 £ 4 24 56.2 74 54 40 38 +21 +31 ; 4.25 45.0 74-55, 10 op: 81 «Bi , 4 26 24.2 74. 55 40 38 21 24 @ 227 35.4 74 56 00 38 sZl sae a7 : 8 (38 .53.8 74 57. 20 38 21 287 4 30 .07.5 74. 57> 56 38 -21 221 z 4 31 24.2 14: S9- Ode a8 c@i oBt oe 4.43 - 57.0 74. 59. 55 38. o@1- 210 4 34..52.2 75 01 05. 38 ~21 °25 4 36 20.5 75. OL 50 38 7Zl. 2k 4-37-01. * 15; 208: 20 38 21 .24 . 4 37 45.1 75. 02 46 $8 281-3387 ’ 4-39 00.0 10° 03. 20 38 21 10 ——_ Thermometer 71°. Mean of 20 observations, 38° 21’ 16”. oi tase * ; * C7) a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued: July 11, 1846.—Camp 14, Bend of Arkansas. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ~ Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Ophiu- Latitude. : chi, near the meridian. — 1 he See Deg. min. sec. | “Degemainwsec. ; 4 44 10.7 126° 45 25 38 4 “46 J3.1- 126 58 40 30°? 26°27 4°48 04.5 Ze ‘Ti° UO 39° 20°32 4 50 14.7 197-, 28 20 3o' eae 4 61 64.8 127° 33°, 00 38: "2D -eer 5 4 -63 60.6 : 127° 438° 18 oe 21°" 06 4 56 01.0 127 53 40 3822218 5 00 44.0 128* 12+ 38 ‘ so UP Ser 5 A02 122.8- « 128° 17 25 38° 21 «34 03 58.2 128 23-16 38 21 5 “05 §13.0 128 26 50 38-°90 "D3 ~” 5 06 41.5. 128 30 00: 38 21 06 5 £08 +21.7 128) 38° 26 38° 21 03 5 109 *29.5 128 35 40 38-*20 +61 5 ~10. - 39.6 128° 37° 10: 38° 20 54 5 o12 137.0 128. 38”. 10 30: > QE EZ 5 S13 F276 128° 38° 55 38-21 16 fo 7D Se 45.0 {28> SB’ * 46 JO" SE = 90 5°16 07.0: 128: 39° 20 30° ee wk 5 018 10.2 128. 38 55: 36°" 21°27 po ty 10.7 128 37. 40 38 21 46 Me au. 21.0 128 36 30 38620 52 Ngee oat (27.0 128 35 59 38 20 42 5 Ze 80.2 128 33 10 ae. Bt 06 76 4 Pdi TE CR IRBeTs BS! © Ser 21 « 29 5°20. 24.5 128 “28 50 38 21 44 0. eo 29.7 128 27 00 38 21 24 <5 W.. 34.6 1283 24 40 ° 38: 2h. 12 a Seer rm mene . « . Thermometer 71°. | Latitude of camp- : | | : Deg. min. set. Latitude by 28 observations of a Ophiuchi...... 38 21 18 : a. 20 e ris eee ee pees 16 Bee g Bc} Deean.. «s 13% 2 ae “3 52 44.9 116 12 50 1 CGe 1g . 8 4 re 118© 3% 48 7 DS 12% 4 , 3 55 40.9 115= 10° 20: 7 OS 15m 5 eect 6 Thermometer 71°. a4 he. Mig. Ee Ohromer fast by : observations of east star 7 09 hal is west star Meat - si; i, EOE yf ad 12.46 12.74 : + eis : : *% Ph — Ls ; -. . [ 7 J ss 208 ey en ae i aa ’ ; ‘ : pote APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 13, 1846.—Camp-16, Pawnee Fork. Sees Time. 3 Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitade. wh... Deg. min, sec. Deg.min, sec. 4 24, 21.0 14 35 30 38 10 10° 4 25 35.9 74..36. 10 38 .10 06 “ 4 26 4 74. 36 50 38 10 06 4 27 25.8 14-, 3%,.20 38 10 04 4 28. 35.2 @ 74-38. 5 38. 10 06 4 29 20.8 74 38 40 38:. 0. <09 4 30 14.6 14> S9< 15 38 10 O09 4 31, 16:0 74. 39 50 38 10 08 : 4 32, 06:0 74 40-30 , . 30. 20. ae . 4 32 43.0 74.41. 00 38 10 13 ae 4 34 06.8 W441 55 95, 40°. 49 : 4 34 954 ae 74 42 40 38 10 20 ye 4 35 35.0 74 43 15 38 10 24 Ss gett NES A SE Thermometer 70°. ——— July 14, 1846.—Camp 16, Pawnee Fork. Time. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude: ad A. es Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 4 39 43.5 74.47 55 0 05 4, 41. 00.0 74 48 55 38 10 07 4 42 05.8. 74 49 50 38 210 :Fl 4 43 12.2 74 50 30 38 10° 08 4 43 56.5 74 51 30 38 10 23 Latitude of camp- bee Deg. min, sec. — Li eae by 5 observations, july i. ee 1 a 3 Jul 1 uy CD erate’, eeorve8 » a el Mean peeeeeeeeees ews seer 38 10 il pee : —— * Ste a July 14, 1846.—Camp 16, Pawnee Fork. 209 + e ~ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. | DETERMINATION OF TIME. LJ, Time, p. m. 4 Double altitudes of a Ly- re. in the east. ; Chronometer fast. kh. mt% ~ 8 Deg. min, sec. Be Mee ee, 3 $2 °°15:8 118° 28°15 - " a 3 33 39.4 119 “00 25 7 09° 708.5 3. 34° 34:0 119 21 50 7 09 07) 3: 85° 53840 119: (44°°25" ' & 7 09° 07:8 3 36 28.8 120° 04) 20°. 7 09 11:0 rej. 3 37£°37i0 ' 120-32 240) 7 09 05:4 rej. 3 38/4953 120 “59 28 7 09 08.0 3: 39° 47.0 12121520: 7 09 08.6 3) 44° °07,2 12152 05 7 09 08.8 . a Double altitudes of Are- Time, p. m Chronometer fast. turus in the west. a A. Me Deg. min. sec. ee 4° 20. 02:3 104. 47 45 1 OO: FER: 4 2} 03:8 104. 23 55 + 7 09 09.8 ‘1 £°31-"50-8 104. 06 20° Te wee a Fes, 01 8 103-50 ; 55 7 UF 06-7 : 4 23° 410 103-25 30 + eit 6 4. 34.55.90 1026715 7 09° 07.6 rej. 4 25. -58°7 102.33 30 t Ui rs 4° 26-5756 102 b> OU i OS 1F 4 4 28 05.0 101 45 20 7 09 10:1 - Thermometer 71°. | . h. m fe Chronometey fast by: 7 obs. of east star. .......5.s. ‘7. 09 08.04 Chronometer fast by 8 obs. of West Starvesenceesss 10.84 Mean tee eeeens seeeeviih eeeeee $046 debe ceees vi 09° 09.44 14 -~ Thermometer [7] = 1 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ~~ — . # » July 19, 1846.—Camp 20, Jackson Grove. : DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p.m i score altitudes . Aree Chronometer fast. s in the w Ai Hy 8 Deg. min. sec him: ae > 3° 26 gab.5 118.20. 50 7 11. :38,9 3 2899205 LI7s.96250 qT ~eieceGet 3 29e1bRe VL LT L385 7 -$1923848 3 30 13.8 117. 06 15 7 $1S3820 JB: 31° (24,0 11641: 15 1. TISg3830 3: 32°016.6 116: 23 30 1 Sleek 3 Sscorkes 116 °03:-°30 7 11 40.5 : 3 34 05.0 11561543: 35: 7 < 410: 30g8: 2a 3. 85..00.7 PWWEG2A2 6c 1M 7 11° 405 3: 35 55.5 115 03 45 47-.417.39.2 “o 36 g4s-0 114 46 25 Tsa1=738.8 | ha SF 356 114.25. 50 7i1AL, 40,2 : 72° Double altitudes * a Lyre Clronometer fast. in the eas’ E am ae ‘Bh. Wen & Deg.min.sec *. 4 94,,2838 By he er 3 14 37.0 118 13. 10 3 15, 26.0 118 22. 10 3 36, 34,3 118.37. 40 3 17..4.9 119 15. 40 3 18 44.9 lig 36 55 qT it 38.4 39 54.6 120 06 00 y ete ees 3 21 00.0 120 30 20 ae ee - * ede nepmnnenieace 72°. < Bor etee fast by 11 obs. of asomt 5, ee repeeraesers fast by 8 obs. of east star peeve cceses ‘ Mean .. iia ee thet ase aah ad eree peoe est ioctaats anooes eee eR? © h. min. Secs 7 11 39. 92 38. 35 a3 ssh ie Jo ay ee 9 Gees 2%. ———— i ee: : ot gel a , ae * ery APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . * July 19, 1846.—Camp 20, Jackson Grove. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. aa pe Double altitudes of Po- Latitude. laris. 1 Piles. Sead Deg. min. sec ie i 3 43 52.0 73: 26 30 =: 53 3° 45 OF:3 73 27 10 37” 4) GF 3 46 12°5 13.29 +765 37° 4) 36 3 47 05.5 73 29°00 ST? 4% OF " 3 48 06.3 1329" 40% - 37 41 56. 3 49 00.0 73 30 00 37.41 46 3 50 04.0 73. 30° 30°" 37° 41 41 3 50 43:8 73° 31° 00 : 37 41 45 3 52 01.0 30 "SE 35 37 41 39 3 53 05.0 1d --a2 37 33 : 3 54 00.0 73 40 37) 4) 38 3 56 12.8 73 33-40 37 41 23 3.56 52.5 13° "B42 20 37° 41 30 <3 “or 3t.7 TSR S008! 37° 44° 3 3 58 16.8" | ° | 73°°35° 40 | 375-45 &E 5, Thermometer 72°. Mean of 15 observations, 57° 41' 41”. : ere F ™ a. . ts 212 ® . APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. coe Se July 19, 1846.—Camp 20, Jackson Grove. . DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Her- . '- Latitude. culis, near the meridian. fies Men, Deg.min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 4 18 25.5 133.23 12-35 37, 44,41 4 20 04.8 133 2:35.50 37.41 56 4 22 52.5 133 41 40 37 41 26 , 4. 26-710,8 133. 44 00 37: 4h 40 4 25 46.6 133.45. 45. 37 41 10 4 27 38.5 133. 46. 30 37,41 = St 4 28 59.7 133 46. 30 874 44. 29 ‘4 30 10.0 133% A6 + 20<, STacdl Q2Oe y -& BE 238.9 133 45. 40 31 4h Bee" 4 32 i 2 133. 45. 00 377244 36 ) 4&4 33 a 133. 43 40 37., 41 45 -£ @ Fs.0 133;,, 40 fclD 37. 41 46 4°36 10.5 1335-39 , 20 37- 4h‘ OL 4 37 .06.0 133,538.20 37. 41 28 ‘ 4 38 18.4 133...34. 40 37. 41 _58 Nene enh Ga 3 7 Latitude by 15 obs. of Polals.......s. “37. 41 41 Latitude by 15 obs. of a Herculis....-. : 35 ‘ Mess eee ee eee ee BHO H ew HHEET HOHE H He oi af 38 lat. of camp- t ——— s ™ 6 “ 3 a . FAPPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ‘July 19, 1846.—Camp 20, Jackson Grove, Arkansas. DETERMINATION OF TIME. - Time. Double altitude of the sun’s Chronometer fast. SBR ctematesd dl +12 m. 5. So) 09. S7 32° 30 * A ae Eb D- a 32 20.7 87 58 20 4, ae €, aa 34.5 88 16 20 7°19 48.0 4 Ja 25.7 83 “47 55 2 ae ae ‘4°45 43.0 89 06 20 1. ge oo.u 4 16 34.6 89 24 40 A aD Be ea) 22.8 89 44 50 1. 40 Bee 4 18 34.0 90 04 50 | 19 43.4 * 4°49 47.5. 90. 30 10 779. 47.0 a - a0 se. W. ps 1b 12) peo ‘rej. Thermomeier 77°. me. ge : ee h. min. sec. Chronometer fast by 8 obs. of west star ..ge. coves ee fast Memeii + si cce sacs ee by 9 obs. of west star . eee epeveee eee 8 7.19 47.01. 47.78 7 19 47.40 ooo ; : . $ Bae * 74] 218 AS PENDS No. el d |? 4 July 29, 1846—Camp 30, near Bent?s Fort. + DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. oe coe of Are Chronometer fast. 4 5a 31 the w ‘hom. os: Deg-min. sec. Fetes 8 4 20 28.0 83. 19 10 7-25: 31.6 & 1 OTF 87 44 30 T..26 B24 4.22 69.0 $7 20. 25° TA Bie: 4.24 02.0 86 56 QO 7. 25° 32.4 ‘; 4 25 09.8 86 29 30 7-25 32.4 & 35 O25 86 1 50 F 2G S243 4 26 59.2. 85 46 .43- + 7.25 Baia ‘ 28 O47 85 20 05 EE BB eae f w@- 28 0675 84 §9 40 TO. 29:4 -(9t#- 30 01.0 84 635 10 26. 31,2 “4 731, 01.5 B84 .11. 50 43 9 Oe oe Time, ps me Double altitudes of a. Aqui Pheonbiector fast th 4 : SS ee ae Deg. min. sec, es Be : , 4 34 06.8 *98 . 30 1°25 32.3 : 4° 35 39.8 98 48 50 1. 95 - 3a.6, = & sp. SD.1.: 99. 30 - 20 T 25° 33.8 . 4. 37 48.6 99 98 30 1.25 B3.9 : “ae 37.0. 9 55-30. f. TB5- 33.2, . 4 40 44.0. 100 91 20 ' 1-25 3.0 “ 4 421 58.0 100 44 20 7. 25 32.6 = fa eee 101 42 10. 7.25 30.0 . a » 4 44 5 101 96 55 ao ap = _—<§ 40 -.O 101 48 40 ta me *« ‘6. 40 57.7 102 33 “30 73 The . ae —— ee = ge as — Thermometer 66° oe - he eg Be 3 a r nometer sts by . phserTatrons of oc star.. 7. 29 31.62 : . : st star. iG? 1 32.2 = eS soi SO ee aes? if | 25 32.37 a ote Ps Cs Sy —— ; | -. [7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 30, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s Fort. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p.m. | Double altitudes of Arcturus | Chronometer fast. ° est. h.. m Deg. min. sec h >. eg. 2 3°33 05:8 164 59 30 ? o. 32:3 3 34 37.0 104° 24.50 tO BOF 3. 35 - 32.5 164 - 2-04 205 TB 31.6 3 37 00.8 103 30 55 POSS SE Fe 3. 38. 00.0 103 08. 30 7-35 “SI. 3 39 08.5 102 42 30 e 2S ‘STS 3 40 06.2 102 20 60 7. 25 31.9% - 8° 4¥F° 06D 102 00 20 71 GAS o 42° 195 161 32 730 7-25 “29.7 - Thermometer 74°. Bee Time, p. m. [Double altitudes of a Aquile Chronometer fast, in the east a ae Deg. min. sec. hm ee 3 46 06.8 83 40 25 Fg 29.4. 3 47 23.0 84 07 00 4 20. SOy4 3 49 03.5 84 41 50 7 25° 41-3 3 50 02.5 85 03 20 7 2 26.0 3 50 %6.0 85 21 10 1 @ 383 3 51 48,1 85 40 00 7,25. 29.2 3 52 46.5 86 0O 10 1°25 224 ‘ me Be 2a7 86 16 30 3 35: ae 3 54 46.0 86 42 10 7 36: 26.2 —— = ® Thermometer 74°. : : ki tee. Chronometer fast by 9 obs. of west star ........ 7 25 31.46 Chrontmeter fast by 9 obs. of east star. ..cowees * 30.44 : Beeb cae. eee © gest eee» 7 95 30.95 “ es . | 5 * | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 30, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s Fort. % DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. h. m ¥< Deg.min. sec Deg. nvin, sec 4 01 34.0 74 38: i66 47 4-03 07.3 74 39 «65 38 03 03 4 04 23.0 74 41 135 38. 03. 06 ie BB5 SET 74°41 50 38 02 54 4 0617.0 14 42 3@ Jo 02 62 4 07. 45. 14 43 00 38. 02 46 ‘” 08 08.0 "4 43° 50 38 02 52 09 04.5 74 44 20 38. 02 50 | 4 10 12.2 74 45 20 B88. 02 55 4°11 18.5 14 45 50 38 02 45 +-42--26:0 14 46 55 38 03 06 4-13" 26.0 14 47 40 38 02 54 234 99,3 a 48° 30 38 03 04 Thermometer 74°. Mean of 16 observations, 38° 02! 55”. p> [Fe APPENDIX No, 5—Continued. July:305,1846.—Carmp.30/ tear Bente, Foxt. « DETERMINATION OF TIME. N Time, a.m. _ Double altitudes of Time, p.-m. Chronometer fast. : sun’s upper limb. ~ a te . A. ee, Deg. min ie eae 9 8%, 4 23 02.3 90 00 10°40 02.5 (eT Se a0. 4 23. 29.7 90 10 “10°39 36.0 > 1° 9 Sy auoe 4 23. 55.0 90 20 10:.39 10.0 7 25 30.18 4 24 20.2 “90 30 10 38 44.2 1, 2 29,80 4 24 47.3 90 40 mI ee ATO J, Se Wee 4 25 38.8 91 00 10 37 26.0 | 7 25 30.11 ‘4 26 203.2 91: 10 10 37 00.0 7 29. ago .42 4 26.-56.5 91° 30 10 36 08.0 7 25°°29.98 4 30 02.0 92 40 10 33 06.0 %. 2o.. 31.76 4 3051.8 93 00 10 “32 14.0 T 23 30.67 4 31.-18.8 Ja; 30 10° 31 47.7 7 25 31.03 4 31 44.0 93; 20 10.31 22.3 7.25. 30.94 4 3% 10.0 | 93 30 10 30 57.4 7 25 31,50 4 32 37.0 93 40 10 30 29.5 | % 25 31.06 4 33 02,8 93 50 “10-30 04.2 1:9 Sh $1.89 4 33. 28:8 | 94 00 10, 29. 34.0 7, 2 30.99 Thermometer 72°, Mean of 16 observations, 7h. 25m. 30.59s. * DETERMINATION OF INDEX ERROR. ea cS, St ee, Min. sec. a Cp ws bbc ess 045 cg Sy BE Se a eT ee Xs Index error = 00". aie eta fe Mk tearm |e cmers © ha Mabe oe ba Sy al chad Ope See oF Soe ts Sets LE I eer iN aii Sah ? Ai [7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 30, 1846,-2Cenip 30, near Beni’s Fort. y . : ee OF LATITUDE. — DAMAAAPTHMAGARAAIAAADS Time, p. m. Double aliitude of ¢ Aquile, Latitude. near the meridian. * Se Deg. min. sec. Deg.min,sec 18.8 12 0 40 02 37 30.0 120 42 30 38.02 44 47.5 120. 46° 10 .- 3602, 14 58.0 120 47 10 38 02:37 05.5 120 48 50 38 02. 33 07.6 120 50 10 38 02... 28 16.5 120 50 50 38. 02 36 37.0 120. 51.. 50 38 02 31 37.0 120-52 10 38 02 32 02.8 120 52 30 38 02 27 26.0 120° 53. 00 i 38 02 4 120, 52: 25 38 --02°- O1 57.1 120 .51 00 38. 02 2 56.5 120 49 -50 38. 02. 28 04.6 120.48 55 38° 32 15 06.5 120° 47 10 38 O2°"25 38.0 120. 42.50. 38 02. 22 08.8 120. 37 ~20 38. 02 16 : bh Thermometer :- 7 a | - Mean of 18 observation, 38° 32’ 25”. \ 223 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued._ [7] July 31, 1846.—Camp 30) near Bent?s Fort.* DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE BY LUNAR DISTANCE. . “ “ ; SS 24 29- 20 Time, p. m, a Aquil, and moon’s | Double altitude of moon’s Longitude. west limb. — : upper limb. é h. Ss Deg. min.sec. Deg. min. sec.™ | ho m. — s. 2 42 +39.6 7 42 10 64. 09 50 6.560. 06.1 3 16. 04.0 75 41 30 63 34 10 6 48 45.1 3.18 55.8 70 40 30 - 63 01 30. | 6 48 57.5 3-21 04.0 75 39 30 62. 41 40 6 49 55.9 3°26 06.8 70 37 40 61 48 20° 6.50 29.8 3.28 11.8 15 37:00" S. 25 501. 1-6 29.8 B 802238 - 75 36 25 60 56 40 6 50. 02.1 Time, p. m. Spica hae igi and -| = Moon’s lower limb. » Longitude. mapon's west ; . hom. s. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. , S. 3 40 33,0. 24 26 40 57 50 6 55 13.7 3 46 51.0 24 27-565 56 49 10 6 55 02.9 =. 3 48134 24 28. 40° 56 O01 40 |6 52 19,2 _ 3.50. 58.2 55 33 «440 G be 22.7 Longitude ear Thermometer 78°. observ Sttons- of a Aquile Spi LCM soeses sevece sep ee steoe MGR vv cscs @aetee ee ee ee geen A. -™. a; 6 49 49.33 6 53 44,12 6 51 46 ————— : APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 31, 1816.—Camp 30, near. Bent’s Fort. DETERMINATION OF TIME, Time, a. m. Double altitudes of Time, p.m. Chronometer fast. ' sun’s upper limb. . wet es h Deg. min. $ h. s. 4 18 04.2 87 50 10 “44° 49.5 7 226 - 37.20 4 18 31.0 88 00 10 44° 23.5 1:25 2782 ' 4°18 55.9 88 10 10° 43° 57.2 MT. BS © 26 Uo 4°19. Diet 88 20 10.43" 32.0 2° So 27 4 19 48.0 88 30 10° 43° 05.5. 7° 2b — 27.45 4.20 13.6 88 40 10° 42° 39.8.4 "2a 27-320 420 39.0 88° 50 10°42 13.8 % D6 ©9721 4 21. 06.0 89; 00 10° 41 48.0 25 2782 4 21 32.0 89 10 10 41° 22,0 7... 26" QT 43 4 21. 57,5 89 20 10. 40 57.7 7 26 28.06 4 22. 23.0 89 30 10 40 39.0 7 26 26.94 : Thermometer 77°. Mean of 11 observations, Th. 25m. 27.508. - : v « 2 ll BSA ar avis ot Waki eee cae aa ite Abas ve 4 > ny: APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. oe . July 31, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s*Fort. DETERMINATION OF TIME. bs Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Areturus Chronometer fast. - in the west. - 2 he Mh. S. Deg. min. sec. | i. . . 4°°05 -05.8 “OF 12> 50 7 “25° 28.0. : 4°95" =§2.8 90° 52° 05 1 255 See s: 4 06- 40.5 90° 35. 55 7 [26 26-0" 4 O07 36.4 90% 14 20 7 26 2801 4 08 32.7 SO) 62° °5 3 1 oh) 2o20 i & =09 <27..9 Ope 32> 00 1 0260 2773 4°10 22.8 89: 09 30 T #266 2725 Time, p,m. Double altitudes of a Aquile Chronometer fast. : in the east. ~ ee, Deg. min. sec. hom. 8. a 12. 45.2 94 .04.-50 7. 26.26.23 4 13 46.0 94. 23. 50 1 28 29,0 4 14 48.2 94. 44 45. ssh 26.3. = #235 -50; 9° U4 ~ 35 Tae: 265 . pe 16> $39 96°°19- 26 Tao 25.7 é * Vi. 4333 9% 40 30 71> 20° Vei4 payee 4 18 47.0 96: G1: 00 T° 20 “sage # . his: ge Bs Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of west star ........ 7 25 27.87 Chronometer fast by ‘7 obs. of east star -...+ 2.0. 26.96. Mean esse et eeae ee sae eee, sp eovee 7 25 27.41 / [eee 15 Be 2 abet oe ae 226 [7] | tbe APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ~ * = ; - July 31, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s Fort. , DETERMINATION* OF LATITUDE. Time. p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. hm." &. Deg. min. sec. Deg min. sec. 4 °27F 45.2 75 00 30 38° 02 45 "4 §28° 5020 15 O01 15 38 02 43 ; ts 4 30 06.3 75 01 50 38 02. 33 4 4 '34< 20-5 715° 02: 90 38 02 36 ‘ 4 98° 07-5 @ 75 04 00 36 02 55 4 S32: 07.0 75 04 40 38 = 02 -52 ‘ 4 34 08.8 15 05 30 38 02 52 4 35 19.6 15 O06 O05 38 02 43 =f 25 613.0 75 06 30 38 02 36 4 44 03.0 1.432.200 38 02 65 4.45" .20.7 15 42 .30 38 02 40 : 4 46 26.8 75 14 20 38 02 40 4 47 09.0 75 14 50 38 02 39 3 4 48 05.5 15 15 40 38 02 46 : 4 48 46.6 15 16 05 38 02 39 : 4 49, 35.2 75 16 50 "38 02 45 ale Thermometer 76°. : f Mean of 16 observations, 38° 02’ 44”. Oy ee, eee age pe er) a eS te eae a RL el tee De Ate ge aa Ee = Oe iid 3 eR RN oS yt) oi ole lr ae ig ‘ tee A. 227 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. July 31, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s Fort. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. + Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Aquile, Latitude. near the meridian. fi Me i Fe Deg.min.sec. Deg.min. sec. 6 “22° 36-0 120 44 30 38 03 #17 26 24-2835 120 47 30 38 03 48 6 256 38.0 120; 49° 50 1 | 3S 203 See 6 26 55.2 120° 51> 18 e 38-03 $17 o2.25, 05,2 120 52 05 38 03 16 6 29° 00.0 120 52 40 38-03 10 6 30 08.0 120 52 40 38 03 20 6 31 18.2 120: 52. 00 38 03 $11 6 = 92-210 0 Gi SU 38 03 54 oe 6 120 61 30 38 03. 31 6 34 -47.5 22h 61.--00 38 03 23) 6 35 35.0 120 50 00 38 03 34 6-36 39.8 120 48 20 * 38 03 49 6 37 41.8 120 47 50 38 03 24 6 38 37.88 120 45 50 38 03 44. 6 39. .-95.5 120 45 20 : 38 03 18 6 40 07.0 120 43 20 38 03 40 > ee SL OO Thermometer 68°. Mean of 17 observations, 38° 03’ 28’. 0. 5 Continued. ; gly 31, nee en Pamp, 30. P pr eee OF LONGITUDE. Bsincs ot @ Janie from | _ | Longitude. de moon’s west lim “s oe a 3 ; Deg. min. sec. hn ee ier 715. 42. 10. J. 6 .00e7Uba) = \o 75 41 30 ce oe 75 40 30 6 48. 57.5 , 75 39 30 6 49 55.9 @ 75. 37 40 «66a aes. 71> 37. QO , 6: 5D. aa ae 5. 36. 25 6 .60..:O2s5) ; Re : " ; eee «.. ; 8 F Distance of phi ey from Longitude. Eat ae i: * Deg. min. Sec. , +i Me é 24°26 ¢ ee i. 24 27 55 6 55 02.9 i : 24 28 40 1 6 OS 17.2 Bie 24 ie Ws Slike 6 +2 22.7 hal w ¢ 3 P ’ : : :. : , Ee} 8 s. ie a. ee r 929 . Re 7 : ' ? Ce ; ~ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . August 1, 1846.—Camp 30. ‘ my DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. Time, p. m. Distance of a Virginis from Longitude, muon’s west limb. e } h. w Deg. min. sec. hi ms Cm 8S 3 24 02.0 37 40 05 6 53 22.0 fe 227 434.5 37. 41 Je e 6 53 30% Rote c29 (27.8 37 42 05 ~-@ GBS a 3 31 30,0 37 43 00 6 53 38.3 2 3 33 31.5 37 43 40 6G 68° 24/2-% 5 2 3 35 °48.0 37 44 2 6 63°41 ; s Time, p.m. | | Distance of @ Aquile from Longitnde. eC ae moon’s west limb. . Re Me. 8. Deg.min. sec. |e, eee 3 39 46.5 65°37. 5 6 50 24. =. 3 41 50.2 63 36 30 6 50° 36, & 45 39.7 63 35 50 6 50 48. 3° 45: 43.5 63 34 5d G 64 3k. 3 48 29,2 63. 33 50 6 52 04, 8 3 49 58.5 63. 33 20 Po Se DE Dee a 3 51 24.6 63 #32 50 6.62 GF, _ Longitude by 14 observations of a Aquilz...... 6 50 _ Longitude by 10 observations of a Virginis..... 6 53 | eee eres pites ces - 640-20 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. “August 1, 1846.—Camp 30, near Bent’s Fort. Chronometer fast. e SHDWUAMRODANODN do RO GEN OTD OVW OT He OT Cn OV as ; Mean of 9 observations, BT°.44! 56. i : ; oh x ; thay a ' ae a a ae ra ee ae are ot. % Se eee ee pe ee ° a : , y : . 233 / (73: . ‘ ‘ ; ae ; APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. Y August 5, 1846.—Camp 34, on the Purgatory. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. hi Time, p. m. Double anevades of Polaris. Latitude. ' va On 9: Deg. min. sec Deg. min. sec. ~ 4. 06 29.5 ee ae a 37, Ae ee - 4,07 52.0 73 15 50 3711 59: 4.08 51:2 73 16° 40. $7 32 a ce 4.09 53.3 pe ges ee 37-11. 59 4, 12° 43.0 io, bs a : nie = 4. 13 40.8 7s 20° 0 37. 11.59 oe, 1 * 30.5 ‘9S 2 ae = ps BOE TR ge ~. @ 18. §3,4~ Te 21, 40 + aT dk Oe *, 2° b5..0 73.24.20 37 11 46 4 20 38.8 go. ,25 30, 37.12. 00 4° 21 .14.6 ia. 20 -o0 37 to 4 21 50.0 73 26 10 37 12 00 4 22 34.6 73.26 40 ie tees Wind very high; observations imperfect. — Thermometer 67°. ’ Mean of 13 observations, 37° 11’ 59”. || APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 5, 1846.—Camp 34, on the Purgatory. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Aquilz, Chronometer fast. > one in the east. 4 Deg. min. sec. h.. m. ¥. 2 4-28 .01.5 - 104 44 20 ieee ee? ae | | 4: 29 91 Ss 105 06 55 TF ae oe a. 3016.6 105 22 50 i i aa ‘ 4.0 105 41 60 1-29 23.6 pe i Re oo OD... GIO 7° 29 .28.4 é oo 14.0 106 13. 30 7. 29 28.9. -4°.. 34 28.0 106 35 00 7 29 25.6 _. Thermometer 67°. Mean of 7 observations, 7h. 29m. 27.09s. 235 [7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August.6, 1846.—Camp 35, in the Raton. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. h. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min, sec s 46 15.5 40 50 37; 0G os 47 57,8 72 41 40 37 00 25 oa-49 20.7 72 42 40 37 00 26 ~ 8:60 48.8 72 43 40 37 00 22 S53 63.9 72 44 20 37 00 20 3263 06,5 42 46 20 37 00 24 3- 54. 07.5 72 45 50 37 00 15 3255 28.0 72 46 30 37 00 06 3 56 21.6 72 47 30 37 00. -37 Thermometer 64°. Mean of 9 observations, 37° 00’ 21”. < ¥: = y ‘ ’ . a Seer (-. -@ ‘\“APPENDIX No. 5—Continued: | i ~Auzust 6, 1845.—Camp 35, in t1® Raton. 2 DETERMINATION OF TIME” : Time, p. m. " |Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. . . ; in the west. : Rca >A s Deg. min. sec heim 38. * 4 00 00.8 85 48 55 122% '28.4° : 4 Q1 09.0 85 22 15 7) 29 29.6 4 02- 09.0 84 58 20 1 BF ., 39.8 , 4. 03 06.6 $4 35 45 12S Bae ‘ 4 04 19.7 : 84 08 05 1 BY 383.82¢],7 4 4° 05 . 12.5 83 45 50 Ty 29 30.7 4 06 18.8 $3 19 56 TT? aS Gee " Thermometer 64°. - | Time, p. m. . : Double altitudes of a a cite: Chronometer fast. ve . in the east.» ~ ee ae 9 Deg. min. sec. fe Mb Be Ae hh 33.4 101 09 55 128. 6128 4 13 42.8. 101 50 00 1 28 dase ; "ese 54.7 102 11 50 7 29° 33.5 ; 4 15 650.5 102 28 40 7-29 34.4 4 16 43.6 aia do 10 to 26 a0 4 :Vi 42.6 103 03 10 7 29e 33.2 4 18 52:0 103° 24 10 T° 29...35.4 . , Thermometer 63°.. ‘. ‘i h. Chronometer fast by 6 observations of west stars. ..7 ometer fast by 7 observations of east star.. ; Mean ..s.ee sseees *#e*eteaoee q i ad 29 30.03 33.37 sameness el NG 29 31.60 4 k . | tage i, 1846.—Camp 36, apo Canadian, south side, sade one and a half mile below the crossing. ’ a APPENDIX BO 5—Continued. DETERMINATION OF TIME. — Time, p- m. Double altitudes of Arcturus in th BS Chronometer fast. \ Mean. veeues sees ee ae eoeee sh. oe Deg. min. sec. he ie a O00 et 94 O1 50 1 ae -. 30 : 14-0 GS ‘41 SU } ae eee wae ut 01-0 G3’ 22° 30 | <0, see 3 37 45.3 93 04 55 1 Jae 3 38 39.0 92 44 20 + > “ae ae 3.39 34.6 92 21 40 7 29 18.9° 3°40 13,0 92 04 50 7 29 14.8 rej. 3 41 02.0 91 47 35 1 See Thermometer 59°. Time, p. m. |Double altitudes of a Aquile, Chronometer fast. in the oF h. s Deg. min. sec. he Mh 2y, Pe “3 43 56.5 93 43 TAS Wt ee e 45: 33:3 94 09 30 ee ae 2 3 46 15.8 94 30 20 1:29. 23.6 3 47 01.0 94 46 00 i. “Be 210. 3 47 53.8 95 03 05 7 29 24.5, 3 48 43.0 95. 19. 50 1-2. yes 3 49 36.2 95 37 40 7.29 23235 3 50 34.0 35 67 -16 1-29 96 Thermometer 59°. : heme ae: Chronometer fost by 7 observations of west star . 7 29 49,76 8 east star. 22.61 1.98 91.18 — eee | + APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 1, 1846.2-Camp 36. ‘ * DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. _ Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. ~~ a @. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec os 0., 48.0 23 3 1 3.06, 59.3 72-24 55 36 47 25 3°67, 69.3 72. 25. 40 36 47 25 3 59 09.0 72. 27. 00 36 47. 37 4 00 32.6 ‘ta. 26. 10 47 52 ~ 4 01 39.0 72. 28 50 36 47 38 Ae 263 ‘he. 29. 26 36 47 54 4 03 31.0 72 30° 25 36 47 44 4 04 15.0 a2 of ° OO 36 47 45 4 05 24.2 42. 81-10 36 47 25 4 06..,15.5 72. 31. 40 36 47 21 Thermometer 59°. 4 Mean of 11 observations, 36° 47! 34”, Bt of the needle, déterminga by the eastern cloigeee of Pole pa 32° east. ' APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . August 8, 1846.—Camp 36. + 239 DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Aquilz Chronometer fast. in the east... eS Deg. min. sec. a eS 4 O1 14.8 100 44 25 7 22.43 4 02 07.6 100 59 55 1 23a. 202 4 03 02.2 101. 17% 20 7 29. 8 4 03 53,7 101 33 30 Tt 29., Tee 4 05 12.8 101. 57. 45 1- 2B Zid 4 06 08.8 102 15 50. 1 Ra, Ta 2 4° 07 03.7 102. 33. 25 1 Roa; Tig 4 08 03.5 102 52 30 7 29 15.1 rej. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. in the w xm. 3 Deg. min. sec. he. Me Be 4 10 06.0 Ei na eae Et 4 11 00.8 78 15 30 1 ae Bet O—11,..57.7 17.52.30 1,20. 13.3. 4 12 48.0 "1- 38 05 2: 2S 31e : 4 £13 «59.8 77.03 ..25 1-29 Ma @ dé: 6327 76 41 30 7 292 16:6 4 15° 38,0 76 24 20 7 29: 184 4 16> 42.5 152 5T = 30 1 8o;,7D4 # AT: 326 75 38 30 7 28-182 2°45" 12:8 "52h, 30 tT @9+ 16a —— Thermometer i am Mean peewee eee te eate er weer aeereee 7 29 18.34 - . *_. pErERMINATION OF INDEX ERROR. Min. sce. ©» Min. sec. On“ the AFC. cccses wove eeeers ol 40 31 30 a ee nn 3d: 28D 31° 45 Index error = + 3.7. h. ™: es Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of east star..+.+++e0+. 7 29 19.29 ¢s 10 cc west staf 042. csceee . 17.49 - * . DETERMINATION OF TIME. © yppnsonx No. 5—Continued. ; “dagust 10, 1846. —Camp 33, on the Ciman Citon. a * Time, p.m. ® Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. in the west. ‘ a s Deginin see? hes tee €, : 3 1058.7 99 36 40 7 - 30°°3279 3 11. 49.0 99 17 25 7 BOs - 2. iftago * 98 56 45 1 BOCA 2 3. 13 =43.5 98 31 40 1 BGe3027 4 , 3 1431-0 98 13° 00 7 30 32.9 3 Se 18 97 54 45 7 80 “32.6 + 1 Te 16.0 ‘O97 634° 10 1 BO 3s6 Thermometer 59°. « . bf ’ i ee Time, p. m Double altitudes of Rice Chronometer fast. _ _ inthe east. z : Deg. min. sec. 89: OF 2 33 89 97°40 8G: 59 25 | 90° 185 45 90 43 20 91 03 55 91 20 00 > 3S 7 3G03a0 4 1. 306444 * 7 30° 33.1 7 80 35.6 7 80 35.6 7 30 36.5 TO Slt ronometer aE by.7 “Thermometer 59°. ‘ C Po aae fast by 1 obs. of east star..ccee sees. : obs, OL WER BtOt im asie< wo.0s Socal oe tTeeeee ee reee eee mee se he me Bi 7 30 34.63 Be ——— a 1. 33.88 ae it : " DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. e.. soc e ¢ APPENDIX No.. 5—Continued. August 10, 1846.—Camp 38. 4 Time, p. ms. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. m. s. Deg. min. sec. Ve] min. sec. . 29. 03.5 V1 ¥33 i a See ees 29. 58.0 71 *34 00 + 36 4c. “8 oi: 09,0 7122.35: 510 36. 27 62 32. 20.0 77-35: 50 36. 27 -47 33 25.0 1336 80. 36 27 54 . 34° = 36.5 * Wi 37 Pi *36 27 50 % » 80 27.2 TE 3a sae ou. 27. 08 8% 36. 14.5 71 38°50 36 . 27, 55 37. 03.8 q1-¢ 38.16 32 2e eT 37 *45.4 71.39 55 36 «62T «652 38 44.0 71 40.30 oo 627 «(OT pinometer, 58°. Mean of Wn observations; 36° .27' 50”. <<. ss 25. - oo ; * % August 12, 1846.—Camp 40. * tJ €e: a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m.. Double altitudes of a Lyre, ‘in the west. Chronometer fast. ack. ek Mee Deg. min. sec. he imeg x ’ : 9 16 50.0 r 74:5 355 %0 7 81942639 9 17 38.5 Thi 18-216 1 @h5283 9 18 44.6 70 53 50 4 31 :9%7 * 9 49° 43.0 70" 31 50 T “31-<26,9 290 24.2: « 70, 16 10 7 31 24.4 » 9 21 HS: 69). 59-20 7 Blo 2h. 9 22 .03.6 69. 40 15 q Si; 2a Time, a. m.— August 13. Double altitudes of sun’s Chronometer fast iy Ba Af im. +8. Deg. min s. = 4.05 34.3 a7 50 “BY 364 = 4 06 00.5 We 0: 4 Se. 66.14 2 E4206 26.2 78 . 10 1 < SE 06.9 2. 7 : & 306. 51.7 73 ~20 4 Seo ete ‘ 4 207. 16,2 78 30 1: dE 265 ~ £2070 41.0 78 40 T23¥ 26.2 4 08 05.0 78 50 tT 312 25-4 4 O08, 29.2 79 00 TSB 2455 4 08 54.2 79 10 7 at 23) 4 09 20.0 79 20 T= Bi 24.6 eg = 09 44.6 gi oe 4.32 34 eae = —_ 2 * ae ee Thermometer 66°,» ce Vit. Ss. hhronometer fast by 11 abegtstions of sun in cast 7 31 25.49 ate for 7 hours...... See ee. hronometer fast at 13h., “August 125 oes ee ey | 31 26.37 Eeetet! fast by. a Lyre, ie the weet ..2-2 3 96. eo ee im Mean..+... FP 6:04 COO oy eo e © i 31 26.38 -—@ ; - ae 943 ‘ is ‘ : [ F } APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. we August 12, 1846.—Camp 40. ; DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. : Time, p.m Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude, m. s Deg. min. sec. Deg. in. sec. 9 77- 3T0 74 33 30 35° BL 06 9 28. 38.0 74 34 25 35. 54 19 9 30. 09.0 74 35 00 35 54 20. * 31, 14,7 74. 35 4.30 35. Bd. 3A J 32... 18:5 oF ae a 35. 54 29 9 33 18.5 “74 36-00 35 54 .18 9 34 . 27.0 74 36 50 35, 54 31 9 35° 25.8 gf eS 9 BEE 35 54 26 9 36 38.5 74 37 15 35.54 22 9 37 38.5 ’ 74 37 30 "33° 54 19 persone’ s: 49°. Mean of 10 observations, 35° 54’ 21". = ae - ae ea : eg a APPENDIX No, 5—Continued. Susie! 14, 1846. —Camp 42, about one mile scuth Ff the Voges. : . DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m Double eS ee of nik Chronometer fast. in th i, Be: + Deg. min. sec. mM. | 3. 42 51.8. 81 -21 30 1; 32 03-90 : 3 44 19.8 80 45 45 7: Sy, Ga 3° 45 35,9 80 16 -15 7 32° 08.9 » ‘3° 46 38.2 79°60. 50 7 32. 087 3 47 42.7 79° .24 20 q 32° ee 3°48 58.6 718. 53” 10 7°32 Ofe 3 49 55.0- 18 30. 36 7: 32°- 087 : Thermometer 60°. : + = ™ : Time, p. m Double altitudes of a Auras: Chronometer fast. a in the east. - 2 hz m. Deg. min. see. m. ; a. Of. 21:4 105°..59 . 30 7 32: 06.3 ‘= 3 53 39.0 106 23 45 7.32 B65 : 3.54 51.7 106 47 25. 732°. O16 é 3 66 02.5 107 08 20 7 32. 03.8 S. 32- 335 29 - 35 7 32. G3. 5 3 58 18.8 107. 49 -50 a Tae O22 3 59 19.0 108 07 30 7 32 04.4 Thermometer 60°. ; h. fe s Chronometer fast by 7 observations of east star. 7 32 03. 93 a t west star.. ma 07.36 er : ee . Terre es =” § 32 05 . 64 © oo 2s ‘ —— go Oe oe ae ee 7 "APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. 29 August M4, 1846. —Canip 42, one mile south of the Vegas. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. Ai 8, Deg. min. sec. Deg. min, sec - a We Oe 2 70 25 0 4 05 06.0 70: 24 10 35 34 46 ee RE 9 Be 70 25 30 35 4* 06. 62.5 20° 25> 50 35» 34 $5 4 08 09.0 We 96 200 35. 34 56 A. 09 09.0 ‘i ae Be Jenn ante oO 4.10 11.5 70 29, 10 35, 21 Bnd) vhes0 70 29 [OU Lae ae 1D 4 11 59.0 70-30. 35 35 35 20 “Thermometer 60°. Mean of 9 9 abservations, 3 35°.-35"05", SS sa. - =o = 246 . = os : : APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. —— 15, 1846.—Camp 43, Keene RETIRE: DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. in the west. By DA io 8 Deg. min. sec. hh. he G20, 03.0 S7 14, 30 ' 1 eae ee 3.25 . 59 0 86 51 40 1-32 oD ove = Ba ge 3 86 28 -30 fie: e'4 Be 8 heer a 4 | 86 08 50 Te es Soca aot $5 S1 30° » 1 32 35.4 3. *29° 09.8 85. 2o-- OD 132° 33S a. 29. OT .a Su. ¢i0 30% ise 30.t es : __ Thermometer 68°. Pa % Time; p. m. Double altitudes of aA scilee Chronometer fast. ae in the east. ee ee Deg. min. sec. he th. ee ‘ 3 33 34.8 101 18 30 1:32 aO.9 > =. : 9 Se 33% =f ~~ «102 38. 95 7 82 30.3 . 3-35 34.1 101 58 30 7 go 324 = 3: 36 23,0 £02 14 30. (ee ae = S.-3T 10:6 102 30 05 7 Se oe.o e “3 38 1.0 102 51 40 11 32 at.8 . 3 39 17.0 103.3) -Se 8 1< o.oo 3 : bos amet aa 65°. ; h. s. . Chronomete fast by : observations of east star 7 32 SL. a ss west star 35.9) eae —_—__— | er * e : Mean ...es- eeoe8 “os eers eee. 7 32 33:95 | : 7a ; ee . 247° ge Eh} “ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. Sn August 15, 1846.—Camp 43. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ae Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. ; : | hom. -s. Deg.min.sec. |, Deg. min. sec. ‘ ; 3.48 13.5 .- 69 50 40 35 -23°05 — . 3-49 19.5 69 .51 30 35 23 06 : ‘ 3-60 03,2 BO. D2 . AS 30°! 2F+.19 e 3. 61 08.5 69 53 30 35 23 5 4 3: 61. 59,2 69. 64. 25 ab’ > 23 3% ; ~ 3 53- 06.0 69 54 65 35. 23° 23 4 3 53. 59.0 69... BO: ‘Zp 35 » 23.10 i : 3. 64..64;:0 69 56 20 35 ~ 23°03 3-55 49.5 69 57 00 35° 23° 24 * | Thermometer 65°. - Mean of 9 observations, 35° 23’ 19’. a ae ee | , APPENDIX No. 5—Continned. -- = | August 19, 1846.—Santa Fé. ; DETERMINATION OF TIME. 2 Time, p. m. Double altitudes of « Coro- Chronometer fast. -. - nee Borealis in the west. . Mm. s. Deg.min.sec. h. mm. . 4,3%:23.0 | '.93 36.200 7 34 49.3 rej. 4. 33. 37.7 92° 47 06 7 34 52.8 4, 34.-35.0 92° 23°40 7. 34. 52:4 4« 39-2628 92 02 00 toa 60.9 4 36 20.0. - 91° 41 -05 DB 262.5 42372 129 01° 18°60 7, 34 50. 4.39. 31.7 90-48 20 7 B34 64.4 re) 4 39 26.0 90 24 35 7-34 60. 4 40 23.0 .90 O1 40 b @d 50.6 Thermometer 60°. °* : Time, p.m. _ Double altitudes of a Pegasi Chronometer fast. in the east. ; ; om. 8. Deg. min. sec. i, ae o> 10: 46.0 a4 2241226 7... 34: £2776 =. ees © ey > 738 10 00 =< 1534 ~,00u8 3 5. 12. 39.6 4183:, 28:35 4 od .0%.9 s & 743. 38.8 18: .01..20 7» 34 59.5 rej 5 44-722.0 « 79... 10; 00 YT 04 > 56 4 5 15 19.0 ages 20 7 34 54.4 : b-. 16.22.68 i ey Be 7. 34 54.5 ‘ D..11,. an 80 23 20 7..,o45, 68.2 tej i: S18 “32.5 80 49 30 + Of = ae ‘ 3 oe Thermometer 59°. ‘3 i : i : beim. Ss. Chronometer fast by 6 observations of east star.... 7 34 55.82 Chronometer fast by 7 observations of west star... 51.43 By * : Meee... . 3% ss eeesesee bMevieec ce 34 53.62 Sate : : r s : 2 —= ~ Se I ee APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. _ ‘August 19, 1846.—Santa Fé. se ore ' DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. 3 ae Time, p. m. ‘Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. = oe Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. se 26 724 7:20:0 71 10 35. 40 47 rej 0,25 ~34.0 71,52 40 35 41 9 26 51.0 71 53 50 35.4 k- 5.09 Sie? -62.6 71.54 40 86 24141 5 28 47.0 71. 256..40-- 35 41 18 5 30 07.5 71 56 30 : 35°" 41 *12 6 i900 55.2 TOT AA0 35 41.1%: 5 31 28.0 71 57 55 35 41 23 Thermometer 59°. Mean of 7 observations, 35° 41’ 13”. = = a: APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 20, 1946 ~ iSaaie Fe. « DETERMINATION OF TIME, ; pine: p- m. Double altitudes of Coronce Chronometer fast. . Borealis. ee 5 SS hig, Saar = Deg. min. sec. be 3* 40> 1950 93 : 26.49 . 3° 41 249.5 92 47+. 10 . es. oe ay ee 92. 17. 50 ieee “s Time, p.m Double altitudes i fu Chronometer fast. : .turus in the w ge ae et Fe Deg. min sec. 3 44 54.5 2: - OY 20 . a 45: .46.2 71 40 30 ‘ 3.46 46.2. Fi 17 --00 te so 47 36.2 10 = 86° 710} 3 48 28.0 10% 352-40 3 49 26.9 | 70. 11 OO : = aw OO 78.0 69 50 25 a -5SF -09.8 69 29-50 - 3 52 01.0 69 O08 50 . * # ——s Thermometer 62°, 7 a a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. tn Gn es August 20, 1846—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. a * , Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. le. mee 3: Deg. min. sec Deg. min, sec. @ 57 08.4 70 46 30 ay AIS ae 3 58 20.2 - 70 47 20 35 41 14 3.59 414.0 70 47 50 Sy Al“ 1F 2. 59 -50.0 70 48 30 a 413, 4 650 47.8 70 49 30 o.. 41. 21-9 4 01 18.5 70 49 50 go 41, 19 4. 01.67.56 70 50 10 ZO -41-23058 4 02 56.0 70 51 .05 we AL ot © 03..12.0 70. *21- -.10 go. 41 (25 : : Thermometer 62°. F — Mean of 9 observations, 35° 41/ 13”. %- a so = ; = ee : ; ‘ : = : 2 oe aa _ 252 : i | - APPENDIX. No. 5—Gontinued. August 21, 1846.—Santa Fé. Time, a. m. Double altitudes of the sun’s upper limb. : h m s Deg min. 5 09 35.95 98 50 5 10 04.0 99 00 F 5 10° =—-58.0 99 20 5 11 25 .5 99 30 5 Il... 53.8 99 AO , 5 12 21.5 99 .50 oe. ets ; 100 00 . : 5 13 44.0 100 20 5 14 OS aS 100 bs gale : 5 14 og.e 100 40 7 ar . Thermometer 68°. Piss - 4 7 3 : _ : . | . : Be #2 . -APPENDIX No. 5—Continued: August 22, 1846.— Santa Fe. PPP PPP PRS Mean of 8 observations, 7h. 34m. = * DETERMINATION OF TIME. > * Time, a. m.—August 23.) Double altitudes of |Time, p. m.—Aug. 22. Si ccmetis folks Rees sun’s upper limb. m0 s, Deg. min h. m s: A. Ries. * 57 26.0 © $3 40 10,18 08.2 7 34 46.44 56 58:0 93 30 10 18 36.8 7 34 46 82 56 31.3 93 20 10° 19. O23 208 ad 46.55 56 05.0 93. 10 10. 39 2607 7 34 46.42, 55° 38.5 93 00 10 19 55.6 7 34 46.70 65 OFF.2 g2° 50 10° 20 “22/5 7 34: 46.50 54 44.5 92 40 10 20 50.0 | 7 34 47.03 54. 17.5 92 30 10° 21. A520 7 34 46.10 Thermometer 64°. 46.58s. + ° + APPENDIX No.5—Continued.. = August 22, 1846.—Santa Fé. ~ .. —— - » DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, a. m. Double slthndes of san’s upper limb. wi cm: rh Deg: min ai 5 19 22.58 102 00 : 5 a9 DBD st. 102 10 5 20 19.8 102 20 5 20 43.8 102 30 - 5 21 10.0 102 40 5 21 43.5 102 50 ‘bee - 22 13.0 103 00 5 22 40.5 103 10 5.5 23 08.5 103 20 “ 5 23 36.0 103 30 ail i 5 24 05 .4 103 40 5 24 34.0 — 103 50 a 5 25 - 82.0 104 00 ; Thermometer 60°, : : 3 ca =o : ' & | 4 e* ast | o. : a 955 ‘ yan) [ 7] : * APPENDIX No.’5—Continued. ee August 22, 1846.—Santa Fe. ; % Time, p, m. Double altitude of Corone Borealis: A m. s. Deg. min. sec. «* 4 29 08-20" 9 46 50 4 —,, 30 17,0 89 19-20 oa 31 14.0 « 88 55 10°% «4 ~* 31 55.3 88 59 00 = 32 48.1 88 18 20 =. 33 56.7 87 50. 00 4 34 58.1 87 25 00 4 35 A3.2 87 06° =50 4a 36 32.8 86 46 20 Thermometer 64°. ae . 2 4 c—" Time, p. m. is Double altitudes of a Pegasi. h m. + e Deg. min.. sec. 5 43 19.5 : ee i eee 5 44 20.5 ~ 96 35 40 5 45 24-9 96 01 05 5 46 02.0 86 14 15 5 46 48.0 96 32 30 5 47 30.0 96 48 50 5 48 18.0 97 O7 00 5 49 06.8 97 26 00 : 5 49°= 57.5 a7 45 25 s : . * Thermometer 64°. ee August 22, 1846.—Santa Fe. Time; p: mm... & Double altitudes of a Aquila near the me- ridian. Bee . * Mee : lt % ‘ . Ot OF Or OF OF Or OF OT OF OF Or Cy OT OU OT Gr Or Or gn Ot fet i) Ad ’ WH OY eS We HH OMe DOW Ww v > RAGOKEADNOSH AR DOr ON OWY SONONNTPOOCHAMDAMOMOWOWO | . * Thermometer 64°. _ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : | August 28, 1816.—Santa Fé. | DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, a. m. Double cage of Time, p. m. Chronometer fast. ? : sun’s upper | : h. . . | Deg. min. = a h. $. 4 5 ¥2.: 30 10 19 46.5 '¢ 44.54 4 dD 92 40 10-19 19.8 7 44.6 4 we 92-50 10 18 54.0 7 4 m9) 93 00 10 18 26.6 7 4 .O 93 10 17: 56D 7 4 .3 93 20 1047. 348 7 oat. | 58.0 93 30 10°°17 05.8 ig a Se 5.0 93 40 10 16 39.47} 7 4 0 93 50 10°16 1g50° 7. 4 1 94 00 1p 15° 471 ‘i : 4 om 8 94 10 10 15°. 19.7 7 ‘ | 4 5 94 20 10 14 52.5 7 45, 1 8 94 30 10 14 24.0 oy A 4 Thermometer 69°. © = e Mean of 13 observations, 7h. 34m. 45.05s. ia 17 258 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 23, 1846.—Santa Fé. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. age altitudes of a Aquile, Latitude. é the meridian. ES a 8 Deg. min. sec Deg.min. sec. ay 4, 02 37.0 125 24 40 5 40. 22 5 47,0 125 26 00 36 41 O00 re} O.. O12! 23.8 125-28 55 35 40. 23 >. 02. 62.8 125 30 40 35 40 39 5 03 50.7 125 32 00 35 40 38 5 04 61.5 125 33 20 36. 4007 a: 08: 37.0 125 34 30 35. 407 % 5 OT 22.5% 125 35 25 35 40 39 5. O09 24.5 125 36 00 35 40 41 5 30: 42.0 125 36 10 35 40 34 ee 2a 40 125 36 10 35 20. 20+ om ‘S* ie" 35 125 36 00 35 40 17 ap. 13: 47 125 34 50 35. 40° 22 = "pme15- «35.6 125 33 00: 35 40 17 5 16 42.3 125.30. 10 35 40 54 re} 5 17 58.5 125... 27. GO 35 40 58 re}. m-J0 12-5 125 26 05 35 40 ‘36 10.0 126. 23 .40 35 40 43 Thermometer 69°.’ “Mean of 15 observations, 35° 40’ 32”. ae > 259 : (7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued.. | August 24, 1846 —Santa Fe. Time, a. m. Double altitudes of sun’s upper limb. LE Te Ae am, $. Deg. = min 4 55 39.0 92 40 ' 4 56 04.0 92 50 4 56 32.2 93 00 4 56 59.0 93 10 4 57 25.8 93 20 4 Be oO3 .8 93 30 4 58 19.7 93 40 & 58 47.0 93 50 4 59 14.5 94 00 ad 4 59 42.1 94 10 7 5 00 08.5 94 20 f Thermom eter 68°, eat + eee | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 28, 1846—Santa Fé. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of sun’s Time, a.-m.—August 29. upper limb. ~ ; : “Sista Deg. min. he Ms. 8. 22.0 _ gv 00 4 2% 24.5 48.1 79 50 (4 25 58.5 14.5 719 40 4... O52 32.5 40.0 eae 30 4 25 05.5 Se ae 719 20 4. °94> 89 32.0 719 10 4 24 14.5 58.2 : 719 00 4 23.47 21.8 718 50 4... 23>" Vi.¥ a6. i 2298 re 4 22 56.5. aGA, 3a 28... 30 4 22 29.0 42.7 78 20 4 22 03.4 08.6 718 10 4-21. 36.3 34.6 78 00 421. 32.2 00.0 s ae 50 4 20 44.5 96.2 17 40 4 20 18.8 52.5 77. 30 4 19 53.0 - Thermometer 70°. | Thermometer 66°. ca 261 TTA * , , a BS td 4 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. August 29, 1846.—Santa Fes DETERMINATION OF LONGITUD r Time, p. m. Distarice of a Aquile from i Double altitudes of moon ‘a moon’s western limb. lower limb. a % h..-m. S$. Deg.min, sec. Deg. min. sec 3295 > 535. 1h 9 50 60 38 10. 32°07. 06.0 55 49 00 60 25 10 3°09 > 69.0 55 48 00 59 53 50 3°12 503.8 55 46. 55 59 33 30 3.15 12.0 55 45 45 58 55 30 3 17. 00.0 55 45 20 58 35 30 aE 19 05.6 — 55 44 20 58 11 20 SP2t= 19.0 55 43 40 57 45 40 Thermometer 69°. Pas, es Pi ie. Otdae jk Es ere: Ba aa eT is igs — aes Se gy % . sha ra] i> Sage ea = APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : * “ _ August 29, 1846.—Santa Fé. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, a. m. Double altitudes of ‘Time, p. m. Chronometer fast. ‘ sun’s upper limb ae ees eek ie | | en ee le Am, 8. Deg. min his M4 S$ him. . a 8 “26 24.5 80 00 1. 43 ib7. 8 1 B4 % 21.65 4 25 -58.5 79 50 10. 44 18.8 1.7 94. 30 31 = 25 32.5 19:48 10 44 44:6 12.34 32.99 m4 285 05.5 79 30 10 45 10.6 Tope 31,713 . 4 24 39.9 79 20 10 45 38.0 T a4, ae 29 — 4 24 14.5 "9 AD 10 46 03.8 T 34% $2 84 -o& 23. 47.5 79 00 10 46 30.0 Twat’ Se 45 4:83 21.2 78 50 10 46 55.8 1 t24 (38 Ot p< 22° 55.5 78 40 10 47 (21.5 |° 7 34 32,99 4 22 29.0 49: 330" 10 47 47.0 1 Ot SL 14 4 22 03.4 78 20 10 48 13.5 1-64 32.18 = “21 “35.3 40-30 10 48 40.0 1 *34 “31339 ua 91 19 °9 78 00 10 49 05.8 a S432 oe 44 20 44.5 77 50 10 49- 31.8 fs aes 3 Br 5 - 20 18.8 77 40 10 49 57.8 0 Oa 31 BT 4 19. 63.0 77 30 10 50 24,92 7 34 32.38 7] ermom. 66°, Thermom. 72°, ~* Mean of 16 observations, ‘7h. 54m. 32.12s. Beige e.g, i B08 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ' August 29, 1846.—Santa Fe. ou DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. | lis ic Ta Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. es 2 " ee siliee ses Ai ity 8 Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. a 6. a, 59.8 fb ge Bae SG ae Oo ae 5 23 50.5 72 22 20 36 ATG. Fee 5° 24: 54.0 ie. we AD : 36. 42 2S ee . & -26.-30.9 72 24 .00 35 41 5 26 21.5 72 24 -30 35 41 30 5. 27 04.8 72 25 30 35 41 44 ‘6 er. 58.5 deo UO 36, #1... 39 5 28 57.0 72 26 40 35 41 37 5 29 42.5 “eal. Up 35 41 33 Thermometer 68°. Meam of 9 observations, 35° 41’ 33’. ‘ [APPENDIX Nos 5—Continued. . August 29, 1846.—Santa Fe.. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. ee of 6 Aquarii,| — Latitude. near the meridian. ] am 8, Deg. min. sec. Deg. min, sec. 23 30.0 96 10 15 35 40 56 16.8 96. “10 ©. 25 35 41 09 13.8 96 10 30 30 41 Ii 46.8 96° 10 30 ‘i004 it 32.0 96 “11 -35 35 40 44 22.8 96 11 00 39 40 43 C4.7 96 10 20 35 40 54 34.2 96 09, 55 35 40 58 15.5 $6 09 25 35 41 O1 59.07 96. 58 30 35 41 12 33.5 96 08 00 35 41 12 Thermometer 66° Mean of 11 observations, 35° 41/ O01”. [7] . - 265— APPENDIX No. 5—Continuee: . ‘ August 29, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF ce. i Time, p. m. Double altitudes of @ Aquarii, Latitude. near the meridian, . i | ee eee Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. see. 54° 87 5 106 26 30 35 40: 49 6 53... 23:0 106 28 10 35 40 56 6 54 36.8 106.29 40 35° 40°52 < 6. 55° 44.0 106 30 -55 35 40 45 "&: 6% 62:0 106 °82 .30 35° 405-35 6 68° 56.1 106 32 10 35 (40.67 4 Ol” 45.8 106 32 00 So CAE OL 7 03 19.2 106 31 30 30 40 57 = = o4- 11.0 106 30 -50 35 41 Ol += 05-00. 0. 106 29 -55 35 41 09 7 06 10.8 106 28 30 ao -41. 187 7 O07 20.0 - 106° 27a” -35.. 41.08. . 7 08 38.4 106 26 30 85 40 45 +09... 229 8 106 24 45 35. 41...05 Thermometer 66°. Mean of 14 observations, 35° 40! 57", tm . + APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : August 29, 1846,—Santa Fe. ‘ areas ain OF 7 LONGITUDE. _ 5 Time, p. m. Distance of a — from | Longitude. moon’s west lim / ‘ h s Deg.min. sec he. m. 8. 3:2 080255 0 6h. 49. .60 7. 05 52.5 rej. 3 O07 05.0 55 49 00 14.25 4 a= 09 3.59:0 55 48 00 7 04 41.8 & *.12).03.8 56:. 46 66 7 03 48.4 o . to 12.0 65 45 46 1 0270172 oe 217. 00.0 55 45 20 1 O04: 38 3.19 05.6 55 44 20 £3038, DS.i _ 3 21 19.0 55 43 40 7 th DOS August 30, 1846.—Santa Fe. Tlme, p. m. Distance of Antares from * Longitude. moon’s west. limb. vein As. % Deg. min. sec. hom. 8: 3. 42 .09.0 36.15. 55 7 04 39.7 o.80 39.8, | 16 16 40 7. 04 02.2 o 40°. 23.8 16° 36 220° 7 03 59.3 3 60 -33.5 16 18 50 7 04 42.6 3: 561 48.0 16: 39 "20 7 04 28:2. 3 62 49.1 ° 16 19 40 7 04 36.8 2 oo 59.6 16: 20 30 ‘O-04 We a. 06 67.5 16°21 7 04 08.0 esa pate *.. me ie Longitude by 7 observations of a Aquila ......+6+ | eS “ A Ntares ..ccersevvve MOOS ve ives eee eee erates weve - , age Sly | [7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. _ September 1, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF TIME. | | Time, p. m, Double altitudes of a Coron Chronometer fast. alis. : 4 Y a en Deg. min. sec. hem... «s. +8229. 37-9 Of 3 BT 35 - 3. 30 52.0 97° 20 -.00 " | &. 981-4021 97 00 15 : F582. 38cm ’ 96 39 10 d. B33" 8276-4. 96 14 30 | 3 34 26.0 95 53 10 | 3° 36 6Gly 95 01 30 eg ae = aes, Pity. |Donble ahivudes of a Aquarii, Chronometer fast. | : in the east. : * etiam Reo. oc 8.3. Deg. min. sec. : 3 538 23.8 92.’ 10 30 3 54 98.6 92 34 00 ' 38 55 16.5 92 51 40 : 4 « & 66 '°07.6 93 09 50 d 3 57 08.8 93 31 20 367 50.5 93 46 30 3 58 34.3 94 02 15 io. ES Thermometer 70°, . fe | ake ‘ eo S a Re eat 268 ras, APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. September 4, 1846.—Camp 49, on the Rio del Norte, near the ee Alalavo. DETERMINATION OF TIME. i Time, p.m. - Double altitudes of a4 Chronometer fast. Aquile in the east. eS ee eon ee a ee eS Deg. min, sec. hi ae we. 41.. 22.8 108 33 40 7237 O38 9 42 06.5 108 46 35 a 37° 104.6 © 2 43 00.5 109 02 49 q. 39 4.4 2 43 42.0 109 14 55 ve 05.4 seis ———————— —————— he Thermometer 64°. _ a Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Arcturus Chronometer fast. in the west cer ee Ae ae 8. Deg. min. sec him. = 2 53 28.8 69 52 00 7 37 06.2 2 54 15.5 69 34 15 7 37 07.5 | aa 2 55 10.0 69 09 20 t El 03.2 tl =. 32° 66 11.9 68 45 40 q 37 07.2 ° 2 57 07.0 23 00 | 2-31 ee 2 58 09.8 67 57 55 q¢ 37 (08.5 2 59 04.0 Gi Bb BS - 7 37 08.0 2 59 58.4 66 13 00 | a 3 tee ee 3 00 49.0 65 52 50 q 37 01.7 Thermometer 64°. ! * : h. m- 0! oe Chronometer fast by 4 obs. of east star...++ +++"? 7 37 it ee Chronometer fast by 8 obs. of west star ..-- Jeeee @ ' St Moan ccc c seve s tcoves eee f Le | ; . * . . . a b “~_ 7 ‘ = : ae ee APPENDIX No. 5—Continued.. i é September 4, 1846.—Camp 49, on the Rio del. Norte, near the Alalavo. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p.m. Double altitudes of. Polaris. Latitude. ae eee Se Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. $06: 19 69 51 35 Sh 3a ae 3 07 08.0 69 52 2 i, ws 3 08 35.5 69 53 35 abe fe * 3 09 45.0 69 54 20 36 Hie 3° 10°-S1,3 69 55 10 35° 41: 3a . 38 11:5 48.5 69 56 00 35°11 20 3 12 44.0 69 56 30 35-13-40 A a * 20,0 69 57 10 11 20 3 33.- 56-8 69 57 55 30° Th Oe yo 14 54.5 69 58 30 gape 3 Bee 3-16 © 30.3 69 59 00 5 6 gem i Wel > | 3 16 19.0. 69 59 40 35 11 25 w _ a & Ae ~JI @ S Qe © eS ww or fmt — ~_ ee) ee ee eee ee eee ee. Thermometer 64°. Mean of 13 observations, 35° 11’ 20". Base | 270 — ; APPENDIX No. Ra September 6, 1846. —Peralta, about 500 Jeet north of the Charois chapel, DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. RTO? fo gi altitudes 34 @ Coron Chronometer fast. ee wen. Ts Deg. min. sec. he me +. 5 36 42.2 7 58 00 1 thy, 15-9 3 37 43.6 87-31, 55 7 BF 13.6 3 38 44,0 87 07 45 7 37 14.9 3: go 37.1 86 46 15 ioe 3 40 42.5 86 19 45 7 387 15.8 3 41 46.0 85 53 10 7 37 14.4 3 43 09.0 85 .19 00 7 Bhs ITF + 3 44 14.3 84 51 50 T BEARS 3 45 01.2 84 33 20 7 37 14.0 3 46 12.8 84 03 50 1 Bt IA 3 47 12.3 83 39 40 © Wh: 1a6 % -3 48 03.8 83 18 50 T° She TA tH | | | | | i | j 1 | Hy | t | Co 60°, Mean of 12 observations, 7h. 37m. 14.28s. ° = a le oe eS ee a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. , September 6, 1846.—Peralta. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. | Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. » h. s Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 3 63 54:0 69° bd 30 5 9 3 56 13.5 69 56 30 34 50 55 3 57 39.0 69 57° 10 34 50 56' 3 58 52.8 69 58 40 34 50 56 4. ©O.--03.,97 69 59 40 34 50 59 4 01 09.2 70 OO 45 34 51 06 4 02 16.8 10-01 20 i 34 50 57 4 11 29,9 10 O07 55 34 50 58 4 42-5376 70 O09 40 34 51 065. 4 13 30.2 40°10 «140 34 50 59 4 14 51,0 70.10 50 34 50 47 4 15 52.5 WP Ak 5D 34 50 55 4. 16:-58.1 49: 213... 00 34 51 03 Thermometer 56°. Mean of 13 observations, 34° 50' 57”. DETERMINATION OF TIME. ge, Be ca, September 6, 1846.—Peralta. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : a Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Pegasi, 7 Chronometer fast. in the east. s . 53 ae Saas Deg. min. sec. Ay Pee 8 4 36. 53.8 91.52: -10 7 Bi lig 4 37 44.5 923° 12+. 10 1. Bh lie 4 33. 31.5 92,31. 00 T: Bh= 1403 4 39 14.0 92.47.50 The ig, 4 40 03.9 93 07. 30 7 37. 13.8 , 4-41 46.3 93; 35,30 7 3h 148 4 42 16.5 93. 59 .40 7 Sites 4 43 308 94 29 10 a gt 128 4 44 29,7 ~ 94.51 40 <7 Bk 1359 ‘ aoe h. min. sec. Chronometer fast by 9 obs. of east stars......... 7 37 14,13 Chronometer fast by 12 obs. of west star.... esses on Cai er eee ‘18 . % ‘. a 5 * NE FE Gree Bee SE apt op 6 Ry, Sag Se Neal ar a Ce we * 2 i i : - "APPENDIX No. 6-X0édntibacd: Nee ae ene a 8 Siig ii ae * Riprenber 10, 1846.—Camp 55, on the Rio del ag about one ' mile south of San Felippe. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. —— Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Po- Latitude, laris, hes 08S. SB, Deg.min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 3 O01 13.1 70 34 10 35 24° 47 rej. 3. 02 04,2 FO: 36-20" 35 25 37 3 02 56.2 70 36-, 50 30-25 ST . 3 03. 42.8 70 #37 30 35. 25° 35 3-04 25.5 Te” SE BO 30°25: --32 3-05 25.5 70 38 40 30-25-33 3 06+ 11.1 10 39° 16 30-25 ~33 3 O07 35.2 70 40 05 35° 25 23 3 08 48.0 70. 40 40 30.25 +45 Thermometer 52°. Br ae Mean of 8 observations, ‘OD” 25' 30”. it see | a. eee ae : | a APPENDIX. No. 5—Continued. - eo -» September 10, 1846.—Cump 55. ; 2 iz ss . : . 1 ae , 8 DETERMINATION OF TIME. = =e. * : aes : —— : ; 2 Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Coronze Chronometer fast. ‘ rei orealis, in the west. | 2 | io ¢. Deg. min. sec. Ai Me, «8: | a3 3.. 18- 37.8 89 47> 05 7 36 06.6 ‘_ 3 16 43.0 89 20 50 7 36 07.3 es a 3-17. .34.9 88 59 40 1 do, U7,1 For |: a2 ey ae 88 37 45 7 36 06.7 ‘ os or 88 12, 50 7 36 08.6 | ae 3. 20. 37.4 87. 44° 45 7 36 05.3 af ae ae 27 .0 87 24 16 7 36 04.6 > =< . Time, pm: Double altitudes of a Pegasi, Chronometer fast. = f in the east. ve < : ' ee P Deg.min. sec. h. iE 47 10.1 70. Oe 308. 7 36 03.4 48 00.0 78 51 30 7 36 05.2 48 37.5 79 14 20 7 30: RO.1 50 07.5 79 42. 10 7 36 06.3 51 04.2 80 05 50 7 36 05.8 51 44.5 80 21 20 7 36 05.4 52 48.5 . 80 46 50 7 36 Obg4 —-§38 49.8 ee AL 05 7 36 05.4 Thermometer 52°. . Ara ponte » - : h. mM. Se é Chronometer fast by 8 obs.. of east stari...#.0.... 7 36 05.19 vhronometer fast by 7 obs. of west star ceoees wees 06.60 «cabana ee ff 36 05.90 ~*~ é Index etror = + 10". Fer ae Tag: ~ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. | September 13, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF TIME. | Time, a.m.” Double altitudes of sun’s 2 Chronometer fast. a r limb. h 2. Deg. min. sec. hu ME. 8. 4 31 12.0 76 30 00 1-3-2 4°31 39.8 76 40 00 7-30 Cee 4-32 07.5 76 50 00 1*-98:: Sasa? q” -32° 85.8 77. 00 00 1-33 Seg 4°°33 02.3 77 10 00 i338 6G 4 33 32.0 TT: 20 -00 TSS Hac6 4 34 00.2 TT: 30300 7-35. 5&9 4°34 27:2 77 40 00 7-38 55.0 4° 54 64.8 77 50 00 T< 33 54.7 "S50 22. 78 00 00 1” 3S. 68-9 zed Ott 78 10 00 T--33 65,7 4 36 19.0 78.20 00 7~-83> Set 4°36 46.5 78 30 00 T3838: GEG : 4 Thermometer 59°, earned Mean of 13 observations, 7h. 33m. 54.78s. DETERMINATION OF INDEX ERROR. Min. sec Min. sec. — Pe ES BEG i okein 5 oie hess vekeewn cies. @ BT - 96 31 “40 Be CREO Lis | cusieyax eve close caeeee 31 50 3h... 50. ee APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. September 13, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF TIME. # Time, a. m. Double altitudes of sun’s Chronometer fast. Ss upper limb. $. Deg. min. sec. he. ™m 5. 10,2 10 00 1: ao. Dame 37.5 67 00 00 7. 3a 04.1 03.0 66 50 00 To ae es 1 30.3 66 40 00 1. ae oe, 56.3 66 30 00 1. 30 Goes ‘ 2 ae f 66 20 00 1. ao. Oa 49.0 66 10 00 do ae.. 0o.Jee 13.2 66 00 00 fp Baa ee 8 41.0 65 50 00 7 33 52.1 08 .4 65 40 00 1. OF .05,U, 36.5 65 30 00 is Sagar &: Btag Phe 01,0 65 20 00 F. So “Qere 29.2 09 10 OU 4 30 ) Oaee - Thermometer 74°. “Mean of 13 observations, 74. 33m. 53.50s. . ye : [7 } APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ’ September 17, 1846.—Santa Fe. Time, a. m., Sept. 18. Double altitudes of the sun’s Time, p. m. “upper limb. : A. ‘ ¥: Deg. min. he ™m ‘; 4 48 02.0 80 20 10 09 13.0 ; 4 AT 32.8 80-10 - 10 09 42.6 Z 4 AT 02.0 80 00 10.“10" FF 6 4 46 34.0 To OO ‘10°; 10 22-0: , 4 46 04.2 79 40 10.31" Toe s ‘4-45 36.0 Wg 30) 10; 1. ooo. 3 4 45 06.8 79 20 iG) toe : 4: ices (4) i” 2 33-8 ae 79. 00 10°"13 075 P Thermometer 68°. Thermometer 72°. 3 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. September 17, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. ie albicans of b Agari, Latitude. the meridia | A Se Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. oe 37.4 96° 06 55 35 40 34 5 04 .14.0 96 08 40 35. 40 35 5 05 29.0 96 09 30 35 40 44 5 06 48.9 9G 1G 20 30 40 46 es ~ & 08 05.5. Jor 4) OS 35° 40 42 = 5 09 57.5 96.11 * 26 35), 40°47 5 oS :41: 39.8 362 45° 2V 30 40 44 6. 13 09.0 96-11. 16 30 ‘40 33 5 14 29:5 96. 09° 55 35 -40 51 =i. 10 60 7 96 08 50 40 50 oS f° 26 96> OT= 20 35 40 50 5 19 06.8 96 “05 10 35 40 55 Thermometer 60°, Mean of 12 observations, 35° 40’ 44”, 279 Shee APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. | September 17, 1846.—Santa Fe. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ‘Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. eT he th 8: Deg.min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 5 26 53.8 73 1 35-41 41 5. 26°25 8 73 'IT720 35-41 42 5 29 40.0 73 18..16 35 41 18 E | 5 30 59.5 13439, 20 35 41 26 | 5. 32 41.0 73 20 20 35-41 34 | 5 33 48.0 TS Bi. 10 35 41 30 Saae81'8 73 22 «40 35 41 43 | ¢ 5 96 687.8 43, 123. 35 35-41 45 | 5 39 05.5 73 24 15 “Se S41 BG | od] UES. 73° 25 40 35 41 34 Thermometer 60°, Mean of 9 observations, 35° 41’ 30’. By North Star. By South Star. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. Aug. 19.. 35 41 13 7 obs. |Aug. 25.. 35 40 32 [. 2.. (oo tf To 9 * « O9.. 36°4) OF: = ee. 0 41 SS © 99;, 35 Sept.17.. 35 41 30 9 “ \Sept.17.. 35 40 44 12 “ Mean.. 35 41 23.5 Mean.. 35 40 48.5 .; Mean of north, and south 35° 41’ 06", latitude of Santa Fé. , | September 18, 1846.—Santa Fe. ~~ : Time, a. m. - Double altitudes of sun’s upper limb. . . Se ‘e re ie by - ¥ 58. get . - + wow G2) L eexeuseexs. —SCONNOMOONOD 4 . a seed a bs > 5 o one 1308 Hae. * | | : | | 3 281 September 21, 1846.—Santa Fe. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. DETERMINATION OF TIME. i Time, p. m. Time, a. m.—Sept. 22.|-Double altitudes of Chronometer fast. sun’s upper limb. Be RR Deg. mgn. Nir i = 8, a; s. 4 41 25.5 46 20 10 12 47,0 7 33 38.18 4 40 58.6 76 10 10 13 14.8 4 Bae. 31.26 4 40 29.2 -76 00 10 13 46,2 i 33 38.3 4 40 01.0 75 50 10 14 14.3 7 33 38.48 4 39. 3L5 75 40 10° 14 42,9 7 33 38.16 4 39. .03,0 75 30 10. 14 12.6 7 33 38.99 : Thermom. 74°. Thermom. 65 _ Mean of 6 observations, 7h. 33m. 38.24s. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. September 22, 1846.—Santa Fe: : ’ Time, a. m. Double altitudes of sun’s upper limb. ee mM. S. Deg. min. — _ Se 38. 75 20 | a 39: €3; 75 30 . ge 99. 22. 7 33° 42.6 gej. 5-09 54.1 121: 41. 25 13S FR: > 5 <10° 36:3 121° :58: 55 7 CSSr SU O11 36.5 129. 23° “50 7 33 36.0 Thermometer 62°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, | Chronometer fast. in the west. hi wh: FF: Deg:min. sec. . hh. mB Oia. 4756 101 00 1 ose SES 5 15° 44.0 100 43 50 7 33 33.4 rej. 5-16 32.8 100 26 20 1 oe Ges 5 “17 20:5 100 O07 30 733 S4.9- 5 18 10.5 99 48 20 13S Seas 5 19 01.8 99 27 55 * 7 233: 328 rej. 5 19 51.0 99 10 05. 1 3s dea 5 20 52.8. 98 46 20 7 33 35.0 2 S21 49.6 98 25 20 fi 33 36.1 : See oi Thermometer 62°. h. We (Se MEOOR. s vic vvcuws ceakee cicueeoee - 33 36.08 as - Chronometer fast by 9 obs. of east star...cesveee. 7 33 36,34 Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of west star .....ess0e . 85.81 Spine. « eee : 3a Bias ies ay aoee bess ey i ae ee 4 Ba i NE! a PR SIP ie Sate eg ae Naty ae Ser, BES 1 Pa) oe a i gt red | “APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. _ September 30, 1846.—Camp 62, seven miles below Isolett, west bank Rio del Norte. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. Time,p.m. y Distance of Antares from Longitude. | moon’s western limb. | 6: ‘ | as ee Rie 4m Deg. min. sec h.om S. 3 04 20:8 67 1 30 7 08s: 40:9 3 06° 18:6 @i. W2: 16 7 =09-— 06.1 3 edd 06:8 67) 1." B 7 °OGs 4444 Gide 1325 67° 14 20 T Ofte, 44538 3.16 04;2 67; 14: 50 1 Ol: 26:4 3.18. 14:5 Gi: 160 40 108 O8;'F : 3 20 08:5 67. 16 30 7 .<08= 37,28 3-21 48:5 67= Li> 06 7 08: 47.2 ’ Thermometer 48°. . | ~ Time, p. m. Distance of a@ Pegasi from Longitude. s: 4 : moon’s western limb. = - —<—<—<—— SS ees Deg. min. sec eee r Seas 07.5 * 38 56 10 7 04. 55.2 : wide 19,2 » 38 55 00 7 05. 44.7 3.39 58:8 ac: 54d: 3@ 7206: 213 3643 32:0 38. 53. 20 7 204. 52.6 3 44 47.5 oer 52. 30 7 06: 44,7 oe 42 24-8 38: 50: 55 7 206 2b3 3 50 53.0 38 50 7 05 05.6 3 53 04.0 38 49 40 7 04 50.0 Thermometer 48°. : Ie Mm. s. Lor de by 8 observations of Antares ........ 7 08 07.10 0. ngitude by 8 observations of a Pegusi ve. ¥.i. 05. 14.42 eee ES ae Mea. ccices SSS Ges Ss ee 06 40.76 : Be 2 ii vai “=. : p — am 285 DETERMINATION OF TIME. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. September 30, 1846.—Camp 62. [77 Time, p.m. se, in the eas Double ‘altitudes of a Andro- . tie Chronometer fast. 2M Ss. 8% Deg. min. sec h. * 4 06 17.5 105 51 05 7 36 24.0 4 07 04.8 06 10 45 7). 86 “2Sl6 4 07 54.0 106 31 . 35 7 36 22.0 4 08 47:6 106 54 05 7, 36 20.8 4 09 30:0 107 10 30 7 36 23.4 4.10 23:8 107 33 05 T= 36 21.3 4sebts 21:9 107 66 2% 75.36 .26.6 Thermometer 48°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. ‘ in the west. Hoge Deg. min. sec heme OB € 25 41,8 109 55 15 1 2, T 4.26 44.0 109 31 2 “$30. 25:2 4 27 28.8 109 13 50 17°38; 267 -. 3 32:0 108 57 00 7 36 24.5 & 3% 66.8 108 40 10 736 29 £ D 40 108 20 50 1:36 SE 4 30 39.0 107 59 55 7 36 23,4 3 7 Ae iat oa #7 cient ; Thermometer 48°. * * Eo? 5g he ™. Chronometer fast by 7 observations of east star,, 7 36 22.66 Chronometer fast by 7 observations of west star.. ; 37 Méen feces 2988S gpeeeaeee 7 36 ——————— September 30, 1846.—Camp 62. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. is ‘de Sn ° ala oll lal atlas SakRS a ° eri bad or Deg. min. sec. 7 50 Deg.min. sec. - 48 28 Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. | — Latitude. Pagers ee ae Teeviaonieter 48°. i Toh - P os ye ¥. + hte : i - : f ¢ - sated » a os “Ws” of 8 observations, al 48! 33", e RES ‘ 2 ‘ agite we . i ‘ey ar ae ae ‘ — ‘ . ‘ vee * 4, Z . an | 287 | i APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October A, 1846. cual 65, west bank Rio del Norte, about two | miles sae Linitans. ‘ta LUNAR DISTANCE, Time, p. m. Fomalhaut and moon’s Double altitude of moon’s ~ : western limb.’ ° * lower limb. Ee Ba OF Deg.min. sec Deg. min. sec 4 04 09.8 gee, 50 66 37 10 4 06 01.8 47 15 50 67 20 40 ue ss 4.07: 09.2 47 16 365 67 46 20 a 4—08-...53.3 47 17 10 68 27 00 4. Mido dy Go 47°48 46 69 38 40 { 13 «40.0 47 19 10 7 18 50 “95° 32.0 _ 47 20 05 71 01 30 4... 1%-..08,0> > 47 20 35 71. 38 30 Time, p. m. i iaticons and moon’s Double altitude of moon’s : western limb. ‘lower limb. : oy i Deg. min. sec. “Deg. min. sec. = 2%. 56.5.. + o1- 59 Bee ge oe 4. 3%. 05.0 i Se, 16-65 40 °° — 4 32 46.0 51 57 45 At 530 30 4 34 43.0 51 56. 30 78 19 50 . 4 36 58.0 51 56 10 19-10 38 4 38 35.0 51 55 35 79 47. BO =. 40, 27.0 51 54 55 80 38 50 4 41 41.5 51 54 10 SG 57°00... 23 4 43 13.0 51 53 40 81 31230 2 iS Thermometer 60°, DETERMINATION OF LATITU DE. Double altitudes of Polaris. P i: : mm. S. Deg. min. sec. 2.22 50.5 68 42 50 + 24° 000% 68 44 00 2 24 50.0 68 44 55 2 26 07.8 68 45 55 Soe ae |. 6B 2 28 16.2 68 47 45 2 28 58.0 68 48 20 2°30 09.8 68 49 10 eae a0: 58.7 68 49 50 ~- (resi 36.5 68 50 10 09.0 68 51 10 Thermometer 64°. ee ; Mean of 12 observations, 34° 07’ 59”. * e< Ps s i * a = x ae PERRO e TE: aghe: ar e 2 a aks fi ts es "eg . ‘ ; * 989 : » Phy 4 ge gk APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. 7 - October 4, 1846.—Camp 65, west bank of the Rio.del Norte, DETERMINATION OF TIME. ie = _— Bi: Time, p.m, Double las of a Andro- Chronometer fast. — 3 2 { int « s icici é | i 23 hee hg: Deg. min. sec h. Y BE + a a 85 25 T Se 61:0 a 3 02 21:8 85° 43-60 7 36 4007 € 3° 03 O12 85 58 30 T 36 es i fej. 3 03° 54.0 86) 2h: 46 e 36 4 3,04 “42.5 #86..41 25 ¢ 7 oe 50.5 oe 3 23.0 87 A5.. 45 * T. SO: Te ot 308 23.0 S8°. 19.06 tp BOY 4 3 09 10.5 88 31 50 7 86 49.6 3 os We 45.8 6S 40°. 20 «= Tt 36 49.5 a 310: 31.5 * 289-6450 Fe 9S = 604 : ay" <~ << sis ge Eee = = =e Thermometer 62°. ae | : a | | eae Time, p. m Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. en 2 in the west.* ' se, or es. % x | SS oo Deg. min. sec. hi. | *. 3 46. 00:0 iin: 5S ST," =P ae | 3 46 58.8 1i8 35 36 oo 36 3 47 59.0 ie 62 [hp te SE 3 48 57.5 117 49 50 7 36 oe we 49 45-8 FET"? 32" ° 26 T ae | 3 50 31.7 117 12. 30 7-36. Gia a % 6} 14.8 iiG 56: 25 2 : * 62 09.8 116 34 45 % 36 BSt Vi ee ane > | Thermometer 62°. : 2 A. f Chronometer fast by 9 obs. of ROSE SOE. cede sskess 25 r 18 we est SAE da canses is Mean fat ee oe 7 36 51.56 19 art iets Ore Tae APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 5, 1846.—Camp 66, near Socorro. Time, p- m. Double altitudes of a Andromeda. a = a. ok: Deg. min. sec ml 3 ac. 56.2 101 é 3 38 15.8 162 10 10 3 38 bon. ~ 102 28 25 oo as a aT 102... 2a 26" 3 40 46.8 103 13 10 oo 41. . 30:0, 103 eee S42. 05.5 * 103 °° 40, oe ud ——— Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west- . ; Deg. min. sec. 28.0 , 117 10 Daa cg Ls 116° 47 00 22.0 Fie 20 05 19.5 , 116 04 00 12,3 115 43 aD . Fe See 115 22 10 ; 56.0%, “eic illo. «Bz 40 : 2 : oo ——— Thermometer 58°. oe ; : e 4 “Ss | ES 291 * ‘ [1] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 7, 1846.—Camp 68, west bank of the Rio del Norte. . DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Andro- he medz, in the east. eal a a oe a Chronometer fast. Aes eye Deg. min. seg. h. - 4 38 30.5 130_.-21/- 6b 1 Gi: wa 4°39 38.2 130 50 05 1. ol. One 4 40 37.8 132. 34).15 7 ST ..03,6" 2s 4 41 30.5 131.36 30 T Sa. eee 4 42 27.0 132. 00 20 a SiO 4 ¢ ah Time, p.m: Double altitudes of b Aquarii, Latitude. near t idian. hic Asia 8: Deg. min. sec. Deg.min, sec. . 3 34. 46.0 100 46. 50 35; 195419: 3)7 35 562) 100 48 00 83) 21S B46 SacD Loe 15a 8 100 49 55 33.19 36 8 3 ¢ 38 <38.2 100 51. 10 83: (19-941 3 39. 49.0 100 51 30 33 199450 3.40 57.05 100 53 10 33: + 198428 Od lnc 5a 6 100 54 10 33 19 10 4. .43>.128 100 94. 35 33 3;¢45.0 1Gepe - 100 53 50 33 3-46. .15.0 100 53 05 33 3 47. 02.0 100 52 20 33 3.47, 51.2 100... 51... £0 33 3 48 .58.8 100 61 10 33> ». 3 50...19.0 100 49 40 33 3a; SlaebbeR 2. 100: 47 40 33 5.52 54.5 100 46 20 33 $= H4 32.8 100 42 40 33 % rf : “ v Jonced rs fies : 2, . 3 ; .. . ae 2 05 5 meet Pia NBN AB ahaha Sides a Se NERS sib Se ea as Se oe ee a Re Ae oe tae ee Ties ae Mes ee A LON Sag a ei ad ea ert ils a a rack Bega s es Bee Sy es Mean of 17 observations, 33° 19’ 38”. Thermometer 48°. Ooctober 10, 1846.—Camp 70. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. 24 APPENDIX No. 5—C ontinued. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. | | ws: Deg. min. sec. Deg.min. sec 4 02 30.2 68 36 35 ao 20 656 --£°:03 - 47.0 68 ~37 50 33°. 220 °*29 ) AS AG 1148 68 38 05 a3 20°31 : 4 05. .54.5 68 -38 50 33° 42049 4 *4 06 44.0 68 39 55 33 20 37 _ 4 07 .31.3 68 40 10 33 -20 30 5 4°05". 19.2 68 40 40 33 20 30 ; 4 09 12.5 68 41 10 33: - 20°28 4-069 .43:°5 68 41 .25 Ge “ap -26° 6 4 10-34.0 68 41 50 bo 20: * 24 no STE t 15 68 42 30 33° -20--31 4 12 08.5 68 43 10 33-20 ° 36 4°13 03.0 68 43 00 Be’ 20° “14 4 14 05.0 68 44 00 3a 20° ~ 25 comer 1401458 68 44 20 33° 20 24 4°16 20:8 . 68 44 35 oa” Bu ae Mobi 56.8 68 44 50 oo 20°19 Mean... = = Latitude by 17 observations of b A “ec oe 74 Quarll. seeeee Cee eee eee g Deg. min, sec. 9-3 aes 8 33:-, 20. « 26 23°. 20 OF 205 ; rs APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 10, 1846.—Camp 70, east side of the Rio del Norte. DETERMINATION OF TIME. . Time, p. m. ; Double altitudes of sun’s Chronometer fast. * upper limb. he Mr. 8. Deg. min. : hee og . : fr e556 Te, 3U 7 37 42.5 oy 5 O01 “39.2 75 40 7 *Sl aio 5 02 12.8 75 50 7 31 49.6 a tom 5 02 45.0 - 76 00 “7 37 2-0 : 5 03 18.0 76 10 7 37 42.0 5 03 51.8 76 20 7 37 42.8 | 5 04 23.5 76 30 7 37 42.5 | 5 04 56.9 76 40 (ae fg | 5 06 30.5 76 50 7 37 42.2 5 06 03.0 77 00 t 3 StS : 7 Thermometer 68°. a: Mean of 10 observations, Th. 37m. 42.18s. a . i 5 : a 4 ri APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ~ October 10, 1846.—Camp 70. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Equal altitudes of sun. Double altitudes of | Time, p. m.—Oct. Chronometer fast... sun’s upper limb. 10. . a = Za; Deg. min ee ee h. alts 49 $3 00 9-69 44.5 | . Tae By.67 plS.2 73 50 9 53 16.0) 7.37 38.07 aa + 73 40 9.53. 49.0; 7 37 38.16 oe 73 30 -9°. 54 20.8 | 7 37 38.00 eS Os ee 73. 20 9-54 61.0 i 3h. fl. ie 09.2 73. 10 9 55. 25.5 | 7 37 38.07 At 73 00 9 55 56.0 1-7 ° 37 38.55 04.7 72 $0 986.26,8 |..0 3484-09 233..6.— 72 40 9226...50.0.1..9 37.2850 23.0: Te: ov 2-07. 30.0 at BIE. 28.8 72 20 9°68" 01.2 | 4% 3¢ 87-68 25.3 Te: 00 9.5669 06.5 647. ay 37,87 sind Mean of 12 observations, 7h. 37m. 37.99s. DETERMINATION OF INDEX ERROR. . A goer ae ee Min. sec. PPO BIC... 450-0. teeter eee eee eee et sees oi 30 : be Off the APC eeea sees eeeSeF coer evewsesceeeet 31 50 poet Index error = + 10”. & b} ¢ : : é ‘ £ 3 oN J is he ee me iy fit ; peek Deg 5. 4 i‘ 2 : 297 - | APPENDIX No. 5— Continued. October 11, 1846 -—Camp 70. . DETERMINATION,OF TIME.~- ; ; Equal altitudes of the sun. Ther. 60°. Time, a. m. Double altitudes of | Time, p.m. Chronometer fast. . : _sun’s upper im : etmek 3. Deg. min he mars h. iB: foe & 5125.3 72 00 9 56): 64.6 1° FT se 4 5l 5UO obs 72 10-3) BG 21,7 | HBT 25.06 oe 62 aes 72 20 : -G5 + 50.3 BT tap, 7 4 63: a 72 30 9 &):; 19.0 7 37. 35.70 ea. 00. -dac0 "72. 40 9 54. 46.0 7 35.45 eid « 0457 12 50 9 64; 18.8 |- 7 (aT 87.45 rej. em 64 037.3 73 00 - 9 63) 43.01 T BT 35.86 0. 09.2 73 10 Y ba 4) 7 37 24.50 = 05 41:5 73 20 230° b2 338.6 1 37-30 m 66 12:5..)%° 73 3@ 9. .52°°05.8 7 37 34.85 4°56 45.0 73 40 ; eee oe 67 18:2 73 50 ‘ 4 57 49.3 74 00 : Ther. 80°.. | as a aap cael ea Mean of 9 observations, TA. 31m. 55. 3a. 2S za 298 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 12, 1846.—Camp 70. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of @ Andro- Chronometer fast. | ‘ z, in the east. oe : | ’ id Swe. os: Deg.min. sec. h. m. Pe. a -07 --55.0 100 34 25 7 or 28cr 3 09 03.8 101 01 50 7. 3F 32:1 rey. 3 10 07.5 101 30 10 0 ar - 2a.8 eisee 7/8." 101 55° 40 le x a ee 3.12 -08.2 102: 319 .95 7 37 30.4 rej. © o.a3 . 31.2 1G2:.. 55: .30 7 37 “2h 3 14 29.8 103 20 10 1 ot 24 & 15 43.8 103 50 05 t 34 28.7% 3 16 oe 104 14 00 tBt “2B o.2, 27.2 104° 33 «6:10 ~—Ctt 1 3T 26.9 Thermometer 42°. ' Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. in the west. } a Ope Deg. min. sec. h. m. ve 3 21 45.0 e150 °5 10 1 at Sie ; oe 26.5°" 115 35 40 to Sh oa ; 3 23 06.0 115 20 30 tual 319 3 23 49.8 115 03 20 fe os Fe 3 24 40.2 114 43 30 1 8t gam a 26 37.6 114 24 50 1. 8 314 + = 26 15.8 114 06 10 7 BT Bait = of 02.0. + 113 48 20 1. Be wee 3 -28 06.5 4a 92. 50 4 Ol Oe : Thermometer 42°. ‘Chronometer fast by 8 obs. of east star........... ‘hronometer fast by 9 obs. of west star... Oe % Se ee he ee ee - APPENDIX No. 5.—Continued. | 2 ’ October 13, 1846.—Camp 70. ee | . . Pe. Time,pm. . : Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. ) h $. Deg.” min. . sec. 4 te 3 46 40.8 104 32 : 3 47 47.3 104 07 30 3 48 49.0 103 43 40 ; | 3 49 51-2 103 20 20, ‘ ( 3 50 36.5 103 01 50 s 3 51 40.5 102 37 10 ‘4 - \ +i oem, 1°] . Thermometer 42°. al a ! . : ) 4 : : 6 | October 13, 1846. Comp 7 1, west s : ae e Thermometer 42°, Y i [7] APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ‘October 15, 1846. —Camp 73, 0n a small eet camp .after leaving the Del Nort DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m. Double kage ie a Andro- _ Chronometer fast. . in t 5D. 20 5. Deg. min. seg. h a Re a toi. 253.9 108% 380 15.” 8 319. 0Gey . 3 58 20.8 109 08 .15 8 219. 0652 3 59 04.2 109. 27. 10 8 19 03.6 rej. 3 09.45. % 109 44 00 8: 219= 0570 4 00 32.5 110° 03 30 8 19 05.4 a & Gi gn.g 110 = 23:05 8 lS: 0F78 5 4 O1 58.5 110 38 40 8 19s OFF =e . = x : \ ‘ ‘ Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast | in the west. h. m." -'s. Deg.min. sec. hm. a” 2234 5 103° 28 35 Si ie ee: SF % 103. 04 40 8 19 09.6 qe 2t 41-2 102 38. 40 S* 19. 08:9 4°25 24.5 102° 22. 20 3 19" 2 4 26 19.5 102- 01° 20 S19 153 _ 26... 57.1 101 47 05 S 319 We * 2% 47.6 101 °27. 45 S 19. ig : Thermometer 66°. he. iM. ge Chronometer fast by 6 observations of east star:.. S 19 6-20 = 7 West star... 8 1070 = BRUAG 0. 0 sesese lis 8 19 08.50 fat | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ° October 15, 1846.—Camp 73._ ; 2 ‘DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. _ | Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. * ha-™m. $8 Deg. min. sec Deg. min. sec. 4 O7 24.8 67 34 40 32.2 64°. 37 wee 4 08 05.2 “GTP Sho40 32 54 53 a S080 6755 67-36 20 ‘32554 56 & “09° 33/5 67° 36550 oe. Oe oo 4 10 30.0 OF) ST? 45 32°60 “Ue 4 SIT 25758 67 38 10 32 55 04 4° 312:) 26:5 67. 39° 15 32.65" 590 - 4.713" 50:50 67 = 39° 55 82. Sa ae 4 14 30.0 67 40 10 32 65 04 — J & 303 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 17, 1846.—Camp 15. DETERMINATION OF TIME. oy Time, p. m. Double altitudes of @ An- dromede@ in the east. Chronometer fast. tM c « ¥ Deg.min.sec. i a So -30.213.3 99 49 .50 8 ,26» 53:9 a2: 00 11.8 100 14 55 9.26. GE 3 36 58.0 100 35 10 8: 26- Giese 322871 2A9,5 100 56 10 S aie Sie 3-38 38.5 101 16. 40 8 -2.- ba Oa aU 101 38 15 8. 2. Sac3 35480 13.5 101. 56. 50 S 262 Da9 3. i ; a Thermometer 38°. Time, p. m. wuWwwwwowwr ha Double altitudes of a Lyre in the west. Chronometer fast. | : Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of east star..... acne Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of -west star’.......... Deg.min. sec. h.. thea 2 S 26° S78: 3 25> 665 8 2 56.6 3 26> 56:2 °- . & 3s 64,9 8 25 55.4 8 26° 563 Mean..... eee? eP eeease eees (9) Ow APPENDIX No. BContinved | E a October ye 1846. Teeone "5. Sei tadiea Trion OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. ae capt ofb Se ce Latitude. 4 e meridia od ee ee Os Deg. min. sec. Dep: min. $tt-7 ae Bee 8 57 «(57.0 102 04 40 32 42 18 os a 69. 0470 102 05 50 32- 42 08 x 4 00 13.0 102. OF. 00 : 32--42-°03 “ 4 @1 40.0. 102° 07 50 32. 42. 03. a 4 02 54.4 102. 08 30 . 32. 41. 59 ; 4 03 56,0 102 08 05 oes Bele x 4 05 00.0 102 08 19 | 3237-42) 1@ . 4 06. 16:5 — 102: OF ~ bB¢ 32-42 Td i -4 O7 22.0 : 102° OF 40 3S 5-42 oO TU 102 - O07 20 32 42. 02 102. 06 35 32° 41-68 -102 04 50 32-42-15 103 Q3 25 » . oe 42 22 ‘ Thermometer 38° Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. ax Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 67-16 30 32 67° 16- 50 32 - 41 ae 67 17 50 32 42° 36 67 18 30 SY 42 37 67 18 50 32,.°42 ° °O3 GF - 19 26° 39-42 +05 67 20° .20 32 42 16 67 20 40 32: 43° 49 67... 21°. $2. 4 Thermometer 38°. ee tec tip Latitude of camp- = Deg. min. set- e by 13 obs. of b Aquarii seen eee ere see eee 32 a2: 10 LA ‘ea by 9 obs. of Polaris...se+ssseceee ceevete 32 42 12 : ommameenenteee Mean eevee ee eeee OE Sate 32 42 11 a ‘APPENDIX No. 5+Continued. 5 October 19, 1846.—Camp 77. DETERMINATION OF TIME. eS Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. in the west . is : a2. & Deg. min. sec Ws Ae : ‘ §: IOS 61.3 fe 8. 28 01.6 Z &. I}--42.0 81 50 00 8 28 02.0 12 2929 81 32 10 8°28 03.0 wf G13! 2038 81 13 10 8 28 04.1 oe 5 14. 03,0 80 56 40 8. 28 202.9 ee 5 15 06:8 80 32 40 8.28 03.7 “ 5 16 16.0 $0 :05 ‘56 8 28 02.6 ae * : 4 me Thermometer 50°. er : Mean of 7 observations, 8h. 28m. 02.84s. ee DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. : y Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. | = Latitude. ; os Bo am. Bi Deg. min. sec. et b~ 20. 5F:8 IT (20 5 21 48.0 68°12 20 5. 22. 49.5 68 12 40 5 23° 34.2 68 13 30 5 24. 12-0 68 14 00 5 25 43.8 68 14 40 5: 26% 24.6 68 15 20 oo ar?" 15-0 68 15 30 & 28° 5Y.0 15 40 Thermometer 50°. Mean of 9 observations, 32° 50' 54’ * i be 5 ee 20 ~ APPENDIX No: 5—Continuec. October 20, 1846. —Camp 8, on the. Rio Gila. DETERMINAT I ON OF LATITUDE. : | Dente SL digrmai of 6 Aasent, Latitude. e meridia 3. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min: st. “5 18.0 101 -48 50 32 49. 48 , 05.8 101.49 40 32 49 50 ‘ 01.0 101 50 30 32 49, 53 49.7 101 50 45 32°-°50. 07 41.0 101 “61 “50, 32. 49° 52 28.0 101 61 «55 32 50. 02 49.8 101 62 20 32 50 01 23.0 101 52 50 32 49° 54 (25.8 101 52 255 32.°49 83 02.8 101 ~52 40 32. 50 00 20.8 101 51. 40 32 250° 136 45.5 20561 =20 a2. -50 39 ; 22,0 | 101 50 50 32 50 14 25 2 101 50 20 32 50 03 06.5 101 49 50 32,50 00 19.2 101 48. 10 32 50 OF k é 5 = Sant i See ————— ~ | Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. Se be aN Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 67 43°20 .32- 50; OF 67 44 10 32 ora 67 44 50 32. 50 67 45 20 32. 60. Zt | 67 45 40 32 50. 16 | 67 46 15 32. 50. 21 67 46 30 32. 50. 16 67 46 55 32.50. 16 A ‘G7 aT 20 | 32 - 505 eo eeeeenter 50°. ; saa Deg: min. sec. by 16 a oe » Aquarii, 1B2B0ee OL by 9 observations of Polaris, 32 50.14 an. Cee eee eee pee ete eoeees ereree 32 50 08 lat. of cal ine *s 307 a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 20, 1846.—Camp 78. _. DETERMINATION OF TIME, Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Andro. Chronometer fast. in the east. = Deg. min. sec. h o 4°°10:.-38.3 137 646 38 8 | #2412538: isu 41) SG 8 R27120°595¢1 128 31 96 8 Be AB 215 18. 82 3b 8 4: “Th etige 139 26 bb 8 4. °J6- 04.0 119 39 00 8 46716-2530 119 69 40 | 8 Thermometer 50°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes ot a Lyre Chronometer fast. int i, eS Deg.min.sec. h. 4°39 33.8 101 20 05 8 4°20 V3 101. 04 ° 10 8 as 31 03 100 47 30 8 a 21. 49.7 100 28 20 38 4 22 38.0 100 O08 55 8 a 623° 47.8 a9 53-10 8 a tt 04 B39 35:36 8 Thermometer 50°. . Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of east star....+...0-. » Chronometer fast by 7 obs. of west star .......e00 Mean eeeee@ peseeoaenreee seeeeet gpaeee tte — ce APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 22, 1846,.—Camp 80, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. - Time, p. m. ' |Double altitudes of Aquarii, Latitude. - ne near the meridian. ; aka Deg. min. sec Deg.min. sec. : 12.0 102, 10 50 a2. 38 29 ‘ 08.8 142: 32 26 d2- 730° +19 : 3 07.5 103 13 30 32°38 15 Po Wes 102. 14 50 32° 37> 59 47.8 102. 15 30 32. 37 56 40.7 102 16 2 32. 37°55 24.9 102 316 30 32° 37°, 42 14.0 102°. 10-10 32 38 10 15.8 : 29.0 102. 16°66 32° 38% 21 ee A 102 15 50 32 38 19 09.8 | 102° 15. 30 32° 38° 49 54.0 102 15 00 32 38 23 38.0 102 14 30 32 38 28 21.0 102 14 00 32° 38 «23 P2008 102 13 20 32. 38.016 18.5 102° 12 20 a2” GS 36 i 03.8 102. 11 40 32. -38, ,07 Thermometer ae fe Mean of 17 observations, 32° 38’ 13”. ia 309 : [7q APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. Oztober 22, 1846.—Camp 80, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF TIME, ——=z Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Andro- Chaimpcaiing fast. mede in the east. ms he om. $. Deg.min. sec. A. a 4 04 63.8 116 653 606 8 34 42.2 . 4 05 58.8 1s 23° 80% 8 34 42.6 4 06. 51.0 117. 43. 0 8 34 40.8 4 0% 37.9 118 02 20 8 34 41.2 4 08 45.6 118 30 10 8 34 43.9 4 09 37.8 118 538 00 8 34 41.9 4 10 24.8 139°. 36 .410 8 34 41.1 Thermometer 62°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyrwe Chronometer “fast. © : ; . a nM OE Deg.min. sec. fh. Ns ON, q @ 43 46.0 302. OL" 26 8 34 42.1 : a 4 14 34.8 43. 1 8 34 43.2 4 4 15 25.8 101 . 23 30 8 34 43.7 Ee : ® 14-2 101 04 30 8 34 44.3 4 & 36. 65.0 100 48 40 8 34 45.4 = 4 VT 43.2 100 29 10 8 34 43.6 ee 4 18 28.0 100 12 00 8 34 44.1 4 h. % oy Chronometer fast by 7 observations of east star 8-34 41,96) 3 & “c 27 sé weststar 8 34 (43.77 4 - DE cious eeee iene ee 8 34 42.86 ee APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ' October 24, 1846.—Camp 81, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. rey. m. + | Distance of Fomalhaut , from moon’s west. ern limb. * 8 mig 2 an 3 Co) z On oo) ren SAe ees? ; wt Sid MoO oo? le oo) + as ie ronG aS ae ae v: a 4 tee ree 45 = Ke e . i) ~~ ie 2) for) sa i> j-) 3 wwwwnwnn ° bent, ce f D> pa Ww OO i) oo) Peep 9 wre ¢ fe hol t [2p] «J ~ Looe & ° for] «J ww ie] ray Co Thermometer 68°, oe . ba 3 ; aoe 250 } Pa . ® ra -- Ae & a4 rad Ed ; he el oh == ese FES: B heen $ gitude by mean of observations, 7h. 12m. 17.4s. Sete ts : + Roe Pk oft ER le Tg See Uk AR PRO Ik ARTO Sree Sie ee gen 6a Sere . a 3 311 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. a : October 24, 1846.—Camp 81, on the Gila. ‘ DETERMINATION OF TIME. - ~ pe E ree Time, p.m. | Double altitudes of a Andro- Chronometer fast. ve medze in the east. te fi he me 8 Deg. min; see. ee ae 3 73 24.8 98 23° ° 55 8 35. 064 3S at 25.2 98 50 00 8 35 05.8 3 15 15.5 99 10 50 8 35 04.3 . 3.16 04.7 99 395530 8 35 04.1 , 3 16 50.6 99° 5107380 8 3500268 3.47 23.0 100 11 50 8 35 04.1 3 438 388.0 100 36 15 8 . 3d: 03Es | 3 19 33.0 100 58 10 8 .362:04.3 : 3- 20 27:5 1Gic: TEO25 $ 850} 0329 ; Thermometer 54°. _ Time, p. m. Double altitudes of « Lyre Chronometer fast. © in the west. <3 ‘ ee m. Deg. min. sec. he Ae ine 2 o 33-16-06 118 53 55 8 3: O86 "4 a 24:-.01.2 40 St=-20 §.35-06:3 =. 3 24 54.0 118 15 10 8 36 04.5 by oe 26. S£:0 117 59 50 S$ 3 3 6: 3 26- 16.6 119: 43- 20 8. 36.. 0645 se 3 26 59.8 £47 25. 50 8 80: OG at sia a 2] 406 Tit 09 30 8 35 03.4 3 28 24.0 116.52... 28 Se es : 3 29 08.0 116 3 30 8 2 03.7 - : h. a Chronometer fast by 9 observations of east star.... 8 Chronometer fast by 8 observations of west star... 8 a i ere eset ee eee tee eee eee 8 « oe gearee! APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. October 24, 1846.—Camp 81, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Rela Riis oe b Aquarii, Latitude. r the meridian. ? | kh mes. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec ce ed 52 104% 52 50 2 45 03 3 35 59.5 | 101,53 590 32. 44 56 3 BS7TO1R9. . 101%255=* 50: 32. 45 O1 3 38 51.8 1OPSSTE 30 32°. 46 3 re 3.40 02.5 102 00° * 20.’ 32. 44 31 3 41° 12:0 102 00 40 32-44 57 2 BP 52162 1025: 02» 25: 32, 44 31 3 43 45.0 103. 03 20 32.44 2 * 3.45 10.8 102°-03. 15 32 44 41 ¥ 3 46 30.0 102 03. 40 32 44 31 cS Ss Be ea 102 04 00 32.44 16 % 3 48. 22.8 102 03 10 32 44 34 3 49 13.2 102 03 10 32 44 22 3 50 06.8 102 02 20 32 44 31 3 51. 14.2 102. 01 40° 32 44 28 2 52. 10.0 102 00 55 32 44 20 3 53 07.0 102 00 15 32 44 08 rej i ok 3838 101 58 10 32°44 24 ae OO 37.6 101 55 25 32 44 45 3 57 13.5 101 52 40 32 44 43 : ge Mean of 18 observations, 32° 44’ 37’... eiby 19Gbs. of Polarigs..i/../2 32 45 06 le by 1B obs, of 6 Aquarii. weeees 32 44 37 Mean of north and south stars... 32 44 52at. of camp- oR a Coe ee Se ee ce oe et a Gare eee ey a ea bei eee % 2 ¢ Pie ee al ad rs. Bye. ee ia, ae 7 ae - APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : SS 3 October 24, 1846.—Camp 81, on the. Gila. 3 DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. 2 p.m, Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. i A. we 8. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min, sec | 2. 36-1310 66: 39-20 32°45 J4 2 57 230.56 66 40 20 33.246 STE & 2088. +315.:3 66 40 45 32° 45 7 2-58 58.5 66 41 10 32. 44 257 2 59 39.2 66 42 00 32 45 06 : 3 00 34.5 66 42 45 32. 45 09 3 O01 24,0 66 43° 15 32. 45 +07 SOE 2755 66 44 10 32. 46° 7 | a Us TOro 66° 44° 55 af 45 35 | 3 03 58.8 66 45 20 oe 45 fe | 3 04 57.0 66 45 50 32 45 08 3 05 55.6 66 46 20 32 44 59 Therwoineter eS = Mean of 12 observations, 32° 45’ 06". : _ October 26, 1846.—Camp 83, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. — of a Pegasi- from oon’s western limb. Double altitudes of moon’s © lower limb. WH e . . Me “Hetegs Doron o Deg. min. sec. 56 00 10 55 59 10 55 58 30° 55 58° 10 55 57 30 55 57 Deg. min. sec. = 63 59 20 63 14 40 62 47 00 62 26 10 43 61 55 61.19 320 DETERMINATION OF Thermomet er 66°. TIME. Double altitudes of in the west. Double altitudes of a Lyre in the west. her ea Ss. : Deg. min. sec. 51.0 70 07 10 Deg. min. sec. 35.8 - 06." 40 : 95 46 20 APPENDIX No. 5—Contint October 27, 1846.—Camp 83, on the Gila. é DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p.m. — | Dovwb le: alfitudée ib Pie » ; fe sari “ . DAIMHDWOW DS" ' Deg. min. sec. 66 50 10 66 50 50 66 51 35 66 52 50 53 - y 66 66 54 30 66 55 10 66. 55 45 66 56 10 tS SSeS $8 os meek & . CECECHCHCR CECH ORCI 5 oy ; ; Thermometer Bae. Mean of 10 observations, 52° 55' 16”. “ is : ¥ ‘ ie é . sanitary - z ¢ J . = : es r e ‘ » % rs ' eget APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. DETERMINATION OF TIME. October 27, 1846.—Camp 83, on the Gila. Double altitudes of a Andro- 2 medz, in the east Chronometer fast. wwnwwnnwnnnwww > CWOMMDMMMMDWS> é x ac) ws a v9 D ee Thermometer 51°: Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. Chronometer fast. 4 al ee a. eee Deg. min. sec. h. s. [we 13,0 11 20. 8 38 28.4 3* 29 20.2 113 20 05 8 38 28.6 3 30 12:0 112. 59 55 8 38 28.8 * 31: 3E0 112 33 05 8 38 29.2 3 32 22.0 112 09 06 8 38 28.8 3 33 11.0 111 48 40 8 38 25.0 rej 3° 33 55.8 311" 32-10 8 38 28.0 3 34 45.0 23d 13. 06 8 38 28.4 "3 & Seo 110 54 10 8 38 28.0 Thermometer 51°; _ Mean of 17 observations, 8h. 58m. 27 46s. oS ‘Mor=bontenned, October 27, 1846. sone enp 83, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. — “Time, p. m. : fobtatihhes ot" Pegasi from - Core western limb. Wi 28% Deg. min. sec. 4 46 05.5 #2 43 A . 4 47 41:0 42 42 50 4 49 05.5 42 42 30° 7) Sag 42 42 00 pees 66.0 42 40 30 4 66 52.5 48 39° 36° 4 #8 34.8 42 38 50 5°00 28.3 42 38 20 = U2" 420 42 37 20 fe G Of 09:2 42 37 10 fee, 6 05 59.6 427-96 =35 oe adae Thermometer 50°. _ : ae Longitude, by mean of observations, Th. 13m. 04 Cc t bee ted aa > » aoe a : To 8 = : ‘ ; =] : & i was oe « 7 y ee v a ¥ : E ; ¢ oo Nov 5—Continued. ‘Oatebes 30, 1846. Camp: 86, on the Gila. ~ | DETERMINATION OF TIME. = ~) Time, p. m. Double altitudes of — in the east. 01 98 19 05 : 50.0 98 38 10 23.0 99 14 50 | e DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. | Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitade. Deg. min. sec. » Deg. min. 69 414 50 oo 69 14-30 oo 1S oe 14. 30 30 38 6 14: 10 = ao ae 69 15 50 on. ag 69 13 20 cs, ae 69 2135 206 da 12 69 +19 35 oor. 12 69 11 40 6 i ae 69 “21.20 7 ou ae 69 = 47-15 33: 32 69 11 05 cs an 2 69-10 45 aa 12 Piscmometer 55°. Mess of 13 a 33° 12’ 10”, atN Lb u—vontinued. » ‘ eu a ae October 30, 1846.—Camp 86, on the Gila. | f : DETERMINATION. OF TIME. * i : : f # e nal | Double altitudes of Aldeba- Chronometer fast. ran, in the east. Deg. min. sec. 124 55 50 14.5 125 16 35 24.0 195.41 05 26.8 126 03 30 Mean of 9 observations, 8h, 41m. 04.438. MINATION OF LONGITUDE. »; Deg. min. sec. 72 0 > ee Thermometer 50°, \ sie & 321 rom ats mouth. - APPENDIX No. 6 Scoalilidee: October 31, 1846.—Camp 87, on the San eiieiisie: about two sn Be. era Rees. pe ETy . i * + iiprnaeiiieme OF LATITUDE. : . Time, p. m. Double ee of b Acari Latitude.. the meridian ee ne, Deg. min. Sec Deg. min. sec. we 17 31.6 100 58 50 ; 33 14 29 2 15 ...38,7 101 O01 00 33 14 04 rej. 3-19 28.5 101 O11. 20 33° 14 “19 3 oy 3a 8 101 02 05 33°14 2 - 3 of 45-0 101 02 50 33°14 26. 4 3 22 50.9° 101 03 -30 33 14 22 3 2: 00.7 101,03 45 33° 14 «25 a 25 54.9 101 04 10 33. 140 ID 3°27 13.7 101 04 30 33 13 53 rej. & 28 28.0 103 O03.” 10 33 14 15 | 3 29, 51.5 101. 02 10 33.514 16. «2% Pe 33.91" Of. 101 01 ee 3 32 14. 100 59 45 33 14 16 3 33 315 100 57 40 331k By a 4 ee » g 5 Rie © F4r ” S s Mean of 1 observations, oo i625, 2 21 Thermometer 50°. ‘ = be 2 ie > APPENDIX No. 5—Contizued. r October 31, 1846.\~Camp 87. 4 | DETERMINATION OF TIME. ss Time, p.m. Double altitudes of @ Andro- Chronometer fast. ; mede in the east. ;* ae + : i 7 et, > ¥. Deg. min. sec. , ee Sere di 3 40 05.0 118 29 40 S 41'31.2 4 : Pw 41 - 218.2 119 401 00 SA) Bese ; 3 42 04.2 119 20 00 8, 41. 30.4 _ S60 . 12D 13" 49. 40 8 41 29.2 a “eee | Be PAu. 3S. 25 8°41 SE 9, 3-45 10.8 120° 35. 20 8: 41° -30see 3 46 06.0 121..01. 30 8 41 30.3 5 RY ie 5 i 1 121. 24. 55 8 41 29.4 Ge 48 05.8 121 61 40 8 41 30.5 - x See Thermometer 50°. : hia ‘ * Z Time, p. m. Double altitudes of aLyre, Chronometer fast. ™ in the west. S a ees oe Deg. min. sec. kom OE gan ee. Ot pl .d - 0 8 41 32.8 Sd 08: 44.8 975° 14° 50 ie 8 41 32.8 8 59 29.0 96° 56 35 | 8 41 32.9 —& 90 12.8 36. 39 50 8 41 33.2 =U 10.7 wo. At. 20 8 4f 33.1 (4 02 24.0 ‘ae 4S SO 8 41 34.2 . € 03 Tes 95 30 05 ~ 8 4&1) ge.27. | _& 03 67-0 9 15 10 * 8 41 33.2 4 04 46.9 94 564 -10 8 41 33.7 4 05 25.5 94 39 10 § 41 33.4 4] =; 06 18.0 94 18 30 8 41 32 4 ee ws ee Thermometer 50°. : 54.755. *. Mean of 20 observations, 8h. 41m. i < s Pay APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. é October 31, 1846.—Camp 87. ~ : . \ DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. ee Time, p.m. Distance of a Aqule from Double altitudes of the moon’s - oon’s western limb. i ce s ‘ $ ai =a B Or = or 5 ve) a > Deg. min. sec. - Deg. min. sec 4 * 4 28. 54.2 70 © 15 9Se3 4 31. 02.5 70° 58 40 100 17 30 4 34 36.0 . 70 59 40 101 26 10 4. 36. 37.3 71 00 55 | 102. 03 30 ‘ 4.40 35.8 71 01 20 | 103. 18 40 4-42 -.14:0 91 201 103 48 4 44 25.0 71 02 00 104° 28 15 | ; 4 48 19.6 71 04 05 103 38 50 4 50 07.8 71 04 30 106 10 20 . 4 51. 38.0 71 05 40 106 37 40 re 4. 55 08.5 71 06 20 107 03 10 4 56 00.0 AL: OT -.20 107 53 00 ‘ 4. 57--67,0 71 08 10 108 26 30 . Thermometer 43°, F F shakes ot a Senet ‘Double altitudes of the moon’s _ om moon’s western lim : upper limb. \ Pi 4 ee Ae thagptie” Deg. minagsec. . Deg. min, sec 5 17 49.0 59.210 ° 90 113. 39° +20 5 20 59.6 59 09 40 114 24 40 5 24 43.8 59 08 25 115° 16> 66 5 26 19.5 59-07 -45 115 38: 30 5 228 p78 59 O07 05 116 02: me 5 29 39.4 59 06 20 116: 269 5 32 01.8 59.05 85 |, 116-52 55 (98593 -ta6 | 59 04 45° 117 11 00 25°235. 508.8 59 05 lle 30. 10 Thermometer 40°. ‘ Ries 9 LonBitude by west star seseseeee ceeeee eee eees eS 15:07 _Hongitude by east WED eres cecene seeeew sess eee 90 IS Bee PROGR. iis Minnis sas oceeegbete FB 47.30 hbk 2. Yea f ‘ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . | : October 31, 1846.—Camp 87. : DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. : Time, i D ble altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. “he g: Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 5.52: 35.2 GY 22-35 14 26 23 ~ # $3 26.0 G9. 22 G5 34+ 14 32 5 54 28.2 G9. Ws -<30 34 14 42 5° 68 36.5 69 23 40 34 14 39 5 56 21.0 DY 5. DS 34-14 41 , 5 57 06.8 69 24 05 34 14 *39 i OFe 42:8 69 24 10 34 14 38 B BS 24.5 69 24 20 34 14 39 em D9. 16.2 “69 -24 30 34 14 36 6 00 01.3 69 24 40 34. 14 36 “6,00. 33.0. 69 24 55 34 14. 40. | tk . | Thermometer 39°, Mean of 11 observations, 33° 14’ 37”. aS ites FOR INDEX ERROR. e 3 Min: sec. . ~ On the are aya wer vey sre eee aol 5D Off the arc son ode ever e seeeneenee 31 30 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. 320 DETERMINATION OF. TIME. [7] November 2, 1846.—Camp 89, Disappointment creek. | Double altitude mede i n the east. s of a Andro- Chronometer fast, fi I. 8, Deg. min, sec. h. mah x 3 20 05.0 113. 10. 50 8 42° 04,9 - a. @0. 60.8 113° 31 10 8 42 01.4 rej. if 3 21 40.3 113); 51:05 8.42 05.3 3 22 45.6 114 17 »20 8 42:5 05.5 3 23 44.0 Ti4° 43 -10 3 mm OSL 7 3,24. 29.5 115 01 30 8 42 04:4 3 2 13.0 115 20 05 8 42 03:5 3 26 03.8 115° 41°15 8 42 03.8 3 26 52.0 116. 01 55 8 42 02.7 Thermometer 40°. f ——— Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre Chronometer fast. in the west. _ A. m.: 8, Deg. min. sec. Ao 8 3 28 -38.4 106 06 10 8 42 09.9 rej: 3 30 25.0 105 22 35 8 42 04.6 3 31 09.6 105 “05° 20 - 8 -42 05.6 3 31 50 104. 49 00 8S 42 064; 3. 33 380 104 31 25 8 42 06.9 oS, 32 180 104 15 8 42 06.3 3 34 05.3 103 57‘ 10 8 42 06.1 3 34 50.2 103. 39 50 8 42 07.8 3 35 35.5 103: 22 10 8 42 05.5 . es ——— Thermometer 40°. Pe « Mean of 16 observations, 8h. 42m. 04.968. ~ Go et alae A Ep a EMO? PEAS are eae ae Nie re eee geek ae or hy A = ‘ - APPENDIX No. 5—Continued:; November 2, 1846.—Camp 89. ae — DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. a - Time, p.m. -| Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. > f- Deg.min. sec. Deg. min: sec. 39 40.8 68 27 40 33 57 40 47.6 68 28 06. 33. 14 .49 41 48.5 68 28 45 33-4 - 60 a> 229-0): _ 68 29 10 30°14 ~60 43°>:31:6 @ 68 29°45 ja:- 44. 4e 44°.13:7 68 30 20 af). 4 45 06.9 68 31 10 39-16 46 03.5 68 31°20 33-14. ba 46 57.1 68°. 31-56 » do-it Of a7. °43:5 68 32.020 33° 34 «S38 48 55.8 - 68. 32. 55 33... 34°57 49 13.0 te so 20 (go. th Oe ‘Therm Ghietet 40°. Mean of 12 observations, 33° M4’ 54’’. A ee sty f nh 1 } ae as * Ss ce : sy SL (TT 3 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. — November 5, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San Pedro. . >. : “my DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Z Time, p. m. | Double altitudes of b Aquarii, Latitude. ie r the meridian. ; & : a a. Ae C | oe ee Deg. min. sec Deg. min. sec. F ; 2. Oe wee 10%) ao: 45 ewe sf mec : 2.59 48.8 101 34.'56 35 57 ae ae 3 01 W.1 101. 35 50 32 57 36 oo Oe 10}. 36. 60 ¢ on OF OL a 3 04 17.6 i oe ae OP TS é 3:...06 24.8 101 38 00 32 57 19 - = 3 O7 06.4 10%: 3a. 3g onl ae *) 3 O07 51.5 101° 36 55 32.57 39 3° 10 02.8: 101 36 30 32°57 14 s.10 49.8 101 35 45 32. 67-39 . S 432430.7 101 35 20 a2: 7, 2 : ao 72 ao 101 34. 10 RL ee os RSF | 3 ..13—-30.6 105...08..203, pa i OS. 9 SSS = = : Es Thermometer 52°. ; Mean of 13 observations, 32° 57’ 23”. = APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. , a November 5, 1846.—Camp No. 91, on the San Pedro. DETERMINATION OF TIME. os Time, p: m. Double altitudes of a Andro! Chronometer fast. seg medz, in the east. mm. gs; Deg. min. sec. eae 318 27.5 117 33 45 8 41 45.6 B 519 299929 118 00 30 S* €h 428 i 3 20° 29:5 118 25 40 8 41 44.2 3-21 30.8 , «<6. er 0 S41 yi O82 AT a io 10-50 8 41 44.8 3°23 24.0 1i9: 39°. 10 8 41 43.9 3 224 O40 - 120 04 30 8 41° 43.7 2 25 38.8 120 35 40 8 41 44.4 3 26 43.0 121 03, 05 8 41 43.4 Thermometer 52°. | Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyrz, Chronometer fast. Ss in the west. om... Deg. min. sec. a a -29..39:5 100 48 35 8 41 43.4 2 3 30. 32.8 100 24 30 8 41 46.6 | ee oh 46.0 * vy BY «606 8 4) 49.2 fis 3 8 32 43.8 99 33 45 8 41 46.8 3 33 33.0 ue. .14 16 8 41 45.8 3 34 -30.8 98 52 25 € ai 473 a 3 27 3S 31. 35 8 41 48.4 noe 36 14¢8 98° Iz 10 8 41 47.5 = 27 11.8 9% BU 06 8 41 47.3 manera aoe Thermometer 52°. Mean of 18 observations, 8h. 41m. 45.76s. 329° . Ps ® APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 5, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San. Pedro, about a from its mouth at the Gila. ; : ‘ DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. \ Time, p. m. Double*altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. ai ee ee Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. Z 3 40 39.0 68 O01 30 32 57 54: a 3 41 55.5 68 02 30 32 58 02 t 343 23.6 68 03 00 32 67 55 a 3 44. 11.6 68 04 00 32 58 ye: 3.45. 23:8 68 04 20 32 58 O7 Z 2 46° 39.8 68 05 15 : 32 58 04 3 47 26.0 68 05 55 32 58 04 G13 788 rd28 68 06 20 32° 58» 09 3.49 22.8 ,68 06 45 32 57 59 | 3 50 37.6 68 O07 30 32 58 03 3 51 16.0 68 07 30 32 58 03 ; 3.51 64.7 68 08 10 32° 58 03 | Thermometer 52°. - im Mean of 12 observations, 32° 58’ 03". APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ; ‘ November.5, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San Pedro. eres DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. Time, p. m. Distance of a Arietis from Double altitudes of moon’s moon’s eastern limb. imb, Bt Mo HS §: Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec : 12229 20-0 22: 30 -134.- 00 .:30 TZ 231 201 48 22 40 133 -A26 » 20 12 32 40.8 48 22 55 132 50 10 12 34 8149 48 23 40 132. TT, 35 12 36 29.0 . 48 23 40 131 30 30 IZ > Os °.2b 5 48 23 55 130 48 30 ' Ie 80 cee oO 48 25 40 130 05 30 es 12°42. 09.5 48 26 30 129 27 (AG. : 12 -43 37.8 48 26 50 128 54 10 . 12-44 51.5 48 27 10 128 28 10 12°47 2312 48 27 40 127 29 30 12°49 26.8 48 28 15 126 45 50 as Thermometer 32°. . 331 cy APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. . November 5, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San Pedro. ° DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. ) Time, p. m._ | Distance of Reguius from Double altitudes of moon’s moon’s eastern lim . upper li A es Deg. min. sec. Deg.min, sec. 12 Gee bb.2 65°18 45 123 36 12 59 49.5 65 18 00 122 62 "Ao 13 O01 38.0 65 17%) 20 122.3) 13 BFE 138 65 16 39 121 ‘34 40° 13 04 47.5 65.16 00 |, 120.59 30 13 06 04.5 65 15 30 120 29 50 13 OT 67.8 65 14 55 119 46 40 13 Os 10 65 14 30 119 16 20 a3 10° 61:5 65 13 59 118-49 00 a . ’ Thermometer 32°. Longitude, by mean of observations, 7h. 23m. 46.9s. _—.. * APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. he November 6, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San Pedro. ony DETERMINATION OF TIME. : Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Andro- Chronometer fast. medz in the east. 7 ° : ¢ 8. Deg.min. sec. hee Mies 2 12 38.9 116 51 40 8, AT: 322 3°13 45.8 11%: 20; 15 8 41. 32,0 ode <31.¢6 117 40 00 8° 41 30.5 ’ x 42D 226.0 Lige= O02: 46 S AFF O17 S426 :139..7 , 118 24° 50 8 4): 328 id + uae 27.6 118 50 065 8 41 30.1 3: (38: 792.8 1Li@=: 12:7) 26% 8 41 32.2 2 18. .59,8 1195 3a. 16 8 PE 2em : Thermometer 64°. . Time, p.m. Double altitudes of @ Lyre. Chronometer fast. * ee in the west. : , shoo A Deg. min sec. h. ™. *< oe 22° 66.5 101: 45. 36 3.41 (so S 23. 53.8 1Ot 21. 65 S$. 41. . 31 se 3 24 44.8 aur (03° 3D 8 41 34.4 - 3 25% 22.5 100 49 05 8. 4] 36.6 3 26 1 100 29 50 S 4l . 3€.6, 3° 27. O76 100 08 15 8 41 35.3 3 28 00.5 ae ye oe 8 41 35.6 a 28 55.5 99°. 256°, GO 8 41 34.3 : JZ A 1 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ! : November 6, 1846.—Camp 91, on the San Pedro. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. ig < , s : Time. ‘Distenae of Aldebaran from} Double altitudes of moon’s : on’s western limb. upper limb. 4s 2 he. ths Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. Ve fae: 25 53 55 66 27 eek 7 44 45,2 2 54 2 66 06 20 é 45947-.08.8 25: 56° 30 67 03 10 y 7:49 18.0 2. 56 16 67 58 10 ef 7 51 03.0 2 57 15 68 40 50 X 7 Thermometer 42°. a 3 ee Immersion of Jupiter’s satellite, 64. 42m. 40s. Se A ; - : ; ae ° 4 ‘ , > P oS APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 8, 1846.—Camp 93, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. u sige ae of : on rte _ Latitude. cone S i $3 a | : = ; a ‘ ri _ Mean of 12 observations, 33° 05’ 24’, the meri | a ROOM &, | Deg. min, sec. Deg.in min, Sec. 2 49 26.8 101 19 40 3072052348 % - 25360 S276 101 20 15 33 22053725 SeS1S2970 | (108-80 Ge 33 05 _ 28 Re Ags i tee to aes 101 21 20 Bs ho bas | 6 ie af | PReDSs 229 10% 31° 3 ‘332 065 ae woe oto «6¢ |. 101. 21-40 33 05 30 2 66 03.5 201 * SS" 50 33 05 16 2 66. 66.0 101 21 40 33 05 18 “2 5T 44 .2 101 21 .00 oo ,OO.-84 @ Dy, 541.0: >, 101 20 30 33.05: 14: 3) 00 19.9 104-< 49 20 3e-t0 “30 Thermometer 44°. | Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. | Latitude Se : bo sdhauaal he ome i Deg.min. sec. Deg. min. sec. —. 3. 30 26.0-* ; 17 40 33 05 48 “Sl 26 68 18 10 33 05 48 23, 32. 356 68 18 40 33 05 43 ‘eos 38.5" 68 19" 45 33. 05 58 3 34 29.0 68 20 10 33. 05 55 “Ss gp. 07,2 = SO... $5 33 06 02 3 35 47.0 68 21 20 33 06 09 — 3 "30 eS. 68 21 45 33 96 09 > 3 37 BO 68 22 15 33 06 O01 Thermometer 42°. ek - Mean of 9 observations, 33° 03". 57". ne es oo : ea: - f. ee 335 Ee: ee | See es APPENDIX No..5—Continued. November 8, 1846.—Camp 93, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF TIME. ; . | x | Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Andro- Chronometer fast. ; | mede, in the east. Boe ee ay a | sm £ Deg. min. sec. | 1 aa ; —o.. 0.2.0 43 10 eee : 3 Ge. 26.8 117. 05 45 ~, 8-82. ae = 7 UE. 24..6 117. 32, 40 8 42. aie : 3 US 33.5 Iii 69." 35 8 42° 39.5 3 U3 “30.0 118 23 40 S$ .4¢. 3.9 “oa a, Ie. ee oO 118 45. 20 8 42 39.5 ie oe 15-8. 119- 06" -55:- ” § 42 38.6 a te. 24.6 < 119° 36. 50 8.,42. 38.2 Thermometer 42°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Hive, . Chronometer fast. * : - in the wes ; : : ee | a Deg .min. sec. he oh A a 3 16. 3350 102° Of-: 18° 8 42 44.6~ a 3 16 29.5 101 44 40 842. 42:2 > = 3 = IF. “¥9-0 101. 25> 56 8 942 4325 > 3 3-48: 2i-6 101 O1- 35 3-42 43.2 S 3 19 10.8 100- 42 55 yp 4 4474s a 3° 20 02:8 100 21 40 8 42 41.6 e 3 20 46.8 100.04 45 8 42 42.0 2 oi Zt Ae2 99° 43 16 Sua 4295 ~ 4 = | — 4 , Thermometer 42°. ‘ an Mean of 16 observations, 8h. 42m. 40,66s. a 1336 - > | ies APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 10, 1846. oo 95, Caroon plain, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p. m Double altitudes of @ Andro- Chronometer fast. med, in the east. 2 h. S. Deg.min. sec A. oi. 2 bf 20.2 lis. 20. @& 8 44. 24.1 2 be Ae 113° 41. 35 — Seb 5.3 2 os 25-0 114 10 30 8 44 24.0 | 2 654. 10.8 114 30 50 8 447 2073 + 3.2 8B 08-8 114 53 05 8 44° 23.3 fs 2°56 05.0 ao: CUS 8 44° 23.9 256° 69-6 1i5- 42° 15 8-44 24.0 : “ie mor. 02.1 116 04 35 8 44 25.3 Pe Thermometer 52°. Time, p. m. Chronometer fast. ‘Double altitudes of a Lyre, ] in the west. am S. Deg. min.sec. ee Pe = 2.03 15.5... 104 30 25 8 44 29.5 3 4 18.0. - 104 05 30 8 44 27.7 3 05 07.8 103 46 10 8 44> 27.9 3 06 01.1. 103 25 40 8 44 28.5 3 06 47.8 - 103 07 35 8 44. 28.6 3 07 30.88% 102 51. 20 8 44 29.8 3 08 13.5 102 34 10 8 44 98.4 -3 09 00.5 102 15 45 8 44 29.1 3 09 47.8 101. 57 50 8 44 29.3 5 Hs Sal a 35 x Thermometer 52°. Mean of 18 observation’, 8h. 44m. 26.52s. _ APPENDIX 3 No. 5—Continued. * November 10, 1846.—Camp. 95. — : gas DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ade Double aliitades of Polaris. Latitude. | sha inte ce - Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. ~~ 68. 16 25 33.04.25 - 68 16 45 33 04 207 68 17 20 33°. 04° 22° 68. 17 55 33. 04 26- 68 18.15 33° 04° 22) — 68. 16, 30) 3a 04-517" | 16, 55° +}. BBSaveeos 68 i9 10 33. 04 17 68: 19 40 33°04 21 : 68 19 55 33 04 »,68° 21 00 33 04 34 ee 68 21 00 33 04° «18 is 68 21 30 33 © aes ‘Thermometer 50°. C.42 EE Mean of 12 observations, 33° 04’ 21", : = '¢ ee »; , ‘tA 9 i sail - i : 2 es - i 22° as : é es Bi ty tee Pee . — ag _ APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. Novindy 12, 1846. ney 97, below Pimos village, about fer miles from the Gila DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. oe a udes of b Aquarii,, ° Latitude. fh the meridian. Deg min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 10k 45. . 33 32 1 10k 72 26 33. 09,10 101 12 45 | 32° 09 22 | * 10b- 13 06, 3. O09 ~ ee 101i 13 40 33. 09.20 101 14 © 33: 09.009 101 13 2. 33. 09.,2e «= 101 12 50 33. 09 37 rej- oi 16 oe 337,09, 18°" 10) 12; 45. 33,09 zal 7s 1G; ~ ¥2 U0 33. 09. 22 . 10s 22 coee 09-19 £01510. 29 33. 09 07 Thermometer 50°.. Mean of 13 observations, 33° 09’ 19”. Ro es? 339 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 13, 1846.—Camp 97. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. [7T@ Time, a.m. Distance between sun’s and Double altitude of moon’s ; : . lower limb. moon’s nearest limbs. oR, Anko. & | Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 4 16 46.8 60 36 45 4 418= 10.0 60 56 25 4 20 59.5 60 56 06 4 23<¢ 0.2 60 55. 30: 114 38 16 4 24468 60 55 00° 114 20 50 4 266170. 60 54 20 114 22 26 4 28 09,2 60» 34+ 25 114 23 39 e-* . i5P<“26.5' 60 33 05 114 25 00 _ & 323 00.0 623227 60 114 24 50 4 34 47.3 60 52 45 114 23 40 4°36 04.8 60 32 05 114 22-40 4 38 25 On. 60-31 ..26 114 19 30 cae 40- 07.6 60 31. 114 16 10 4 41 26.5 60 30 30 114 13 50 : — Thermometer 54°. | . INDEX ERROR. | “ RIN SOO MG. oo. . 5b tawny s ate eats ss heey 3 ee Off the ArC pvoe seer ree eee oeeeereesseeneoe * “APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 12, 1846.—Cagnp 97. DETERMINATION OF TIME. 4 Double. altitudes of a An- Chronometer fast. | romede, in the east. ot : . r 4 ‘ 7 ‘i i ET, Deg. min. sec. 117 53 15 I1Ss2) 15 Hm do G2 Wt OTH O1W » . mMoMNMnnnnnnnn> eas YWLVYW LY WML WL wee wom U Hw 2 Thermometer 50°. + Se ee f Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. Chronometer fast. St to” ae. f coal or * wo 09 08 09 G2 C0 09 09 G2 09 09 CO See ERESESESE Go on G0 to -1¢ asx eases cCHmMmvon - Deg. min. séc. 100 15 4 MeODMDMDMmMmmnnnDmno™ te a \ rw e Or wwwywnyy TOW WW O ‘Thermometer 50°. Mean of 22 observations, Sh. 45m. : 341 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. a November 12; 1846.—Camp 97. a “ ? aS = . DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. te i ° E , oe a : 4 Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude, Me pry BM Oh Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. : : 3 28 58.5 68 «31: 60 33. 09% oS ; 5: 20> G25 68-32. (20 33° 09 241 "3 3 30. 46.0 68 32 50 83-209 4t , 3, Bl¢ 61.8 68 33 05 3308 + St 3 33° 16.0 68 34 00 3370952: Bic. 4 3 34 05.0 68°. 34. 35 33 09 40 3 oo 3-8 ‘ 68 34 55 33° 09 33 3. 86 07.0 68 35 40 33. 09 38 i 3 ty O40 68 36 05 33. 09 | 35 a 3° 37° 41.8 68 36 45 33 09 43 3. 38 34.2 68 37 00 33 09 58 7 3 39 11.5 GS 37: 35 ' G3-> O82 SE a3 = # a . Thermometer 48°. : Mean of 12 observations,» 33° 09’ 37’. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 13, 1846.—Camp 97. ‘DETERMINATION OF ‘TIME. 4 Chronometer fast. _ Time, a.m. Double altitudes of sun’s upper limb. M4). .& Deg. min. sec A. 41. 04.8 0. 23: 10 8 42 28.7 50. 47. 35 8 - 42 59.0 50 57 15 8 43 40.0 51 08 50 8 44 34.0 G1 ot 6 8 45 38.5 “SL. 48: 20 8 46 35.8 52 00 10 8 47 05.8 52 09 00 - 8 47 42.5 52 18 28 8 48 38.0 52 35 15 8 £99. 22-6. 2-48 8 50 14.5 53 02 35 8 OL OGY OF OF OX OF OF OF OX OF ood Thermometer 60°, Mean of 11 observations, 8h. 45m. 18. 13s. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 14, 1846.—Camp 99, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF TIME. ns Double altitudes of @ Andro- mede, in the east. Chronometer fast. é \ h. Ss. Deg. min. sec. — Tas. Qbu. she 2°42 53.0 114 50 8 47 49.3 . 2 43. 54.6 115 22 45 8 47 49.2 Q 44° 54.2 115 47 50 8 47 51.2 : 9-45 -57.5 116 13 45 S249. ATs 4 2 46° 48.0 116 35 35 8 47 49.2." 2 47 47.0 117 00 10 8.47 47.6. 2 48 32.0 117° 19 00 8 47 50.1. Z 2 49 21.5 117 40 065 8! 47 49.5 A Thermometer 50°. % e » ane i Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. aM | wwwwuwwwws Deg. min, sec. 94 16 50 93 58 10 93 39 40 93 19 10 92° bb. 20 92 21,..10 92 03. .10- 91 46 20 rina 3.4 . to he. ™m. t. = S 47 668... 8.47 52.3 S47 632.5. 8 47 54.8 : 8 47 Sia. S$ 47 48 rej- y 8 51 : 8 52 Mean of 15 observations, 8h. 47m. <.# Thermometer 50°. 344 = APPENDIX No. 5—Oontinued. : November 4, 1846.—Camp 99, on the Gila. é . DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. , ‘ Time, p.m. ’ mans altitude af Aimagniy Latitude. 4 r the meridian. s Rey : ¢. Deg. min: sec Deg. min. sec. : 2 52 +36.2 84. 14 “10 32 59°17 = 2 <63: - 3320° 84. 15 40 32.59 O07 B. . 20 8a) 99.5 84. 16 30> 32 69 10 [+ 2°68: 06.8 84. 17 05 ” 99 68 ons 2-56. 52.5 84° 18 30 32. <.59 644 ee. 2USE 03.9 4 84. 19 55 32 68> 63 =. 2550 10.5 84 20 05. 32 59 03 bE . 3-00 25.8 84 20 50 32 ‘58 50 = 3 +01 51,5 84 20 30 32 69° G2 =o. 3202 48.0 81 20. 10 32 59 10 a 8-98 S60c9 ” 84 19° 55 32 59 10 ; 3 04 54.8 84°19 15 32.59 17 moos 06 04.8 84 18 35 ae. DO. i e 3 07- 19.9 84 17 45 32 59 16 .... 3°°Q8-:96.8 84 17 10 32.59.04 Ee. O09 29.8 84 15° 40 32 59 20 a am 10 16/8 84 14 40 gz. 09 22 3 = Thermometer 50°. ee { p a Mean of 17 observations, 32° 59’ 10”. eS, APPENDIX: Nov 5—Contitied.. November 14, 1846.—Camp 99, on the Gila. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. _ Le Sie Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. ‘ Latitude. TIL eet Deg. min. sec. | Deg:min. aac 3 28 M4, 68 14 «20 | 32 59 36, - a. 29 28.5 68 14 35 Ost S25 es 2 ap 27.0 68 15 46 32: 69° 2] 3 32 19.0 68 16 “00 * B2gb9 726 3 ‘ 68 17 05 32 59 34 2.36. 708.5 ‘68 18 05 32°59 40 3.36 06.8 68 18 26 32° 59 » 34 3 37 08. 68 19 05 ~ 32 59 39 —F 38 04.6 68 19 45 32 59 ©. 35 as Thermometer 50°. S ae Mean of 9 observations, 32° 59’ 34”, Ss a3 : s : che + APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 15, 1846.—Camp 99. . DETERMINATION OF TIME, Time, p. m. Double ri ry of a fips Chronometer fast. : : in t s h. m. Deg. min?sec. h. ™m. os wo 40° 436 116 12 05 S.. @y- 136.7 wo 4S e4 thi Ti6. <35 ‘50 8 Ay. <38.3 Pas 2715 H6 ‘63 20 & aT “S56 2°43 259.8 Ba (08> 220 S 2 238.5 2-44-3520 BLY 23 S 47 . Se 2 45 28.0 117 46 20 8 47 36.9 . 2° 46° 14.8 118 05 40 3.47 Se 2 4656.0 118 0 So. 47 372 Thermometer ° Z Time, p.m. | Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast : \ in yest. 2 ; : ee * A. m. Deg. mee A. mM. Ss. 2 48 47.8 103 38 5 8 47 40.1 2 49 42.0 103 18 .35 8 47 41.2 2 50 23.0 103. 02 05 8 47 40.6 = 22 b1 06.8 ° 102 44 10 8 47 57,5 rej 2 2 51 50.0 102 28 40 8.47 40,8 - 2 52 38.5 102 08 50 8.47 38.2 . ~ 2°88 29.0 101 53 55 8 47 40.4 = 2 54" 15.2 WOlL 32 05 8 47 40.4 : ee . — a Sy eri Si, 3:226>.:0355 $6.55 210 8 49 36.6 3.426 57.8 86 °.34- 10 8 49 2648 =: ae 3728 02.0 86 08 45 | 8 49 33.9 rej. ~ 3:28 526 85 49 55 8° 49 365. ag o 2.99 64:3 85 ‘26 20 8 49° 38.6 8 400 BO 36° 10° 50 8 49 36.1 3 SS) 14.0, 84 56 20 § 19 338 oO Z oe Thermometer 40°. . - : - Mean of 17 observations, 8h. 49m. 34.76s. ae 4 * ~ be > if - 4 Se ne re Ni eee i ‘ a bast ; a 1 : * 348 x APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. — i November 17, 1846.—Camp 101. ‘ - | ke : , a ball : : Re tes DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. oe : F / . a eS, DP. TOs Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. ‘ * ses .min. sec. Deg. min. sec. Deg 22 -B5*: 32.55. 40 68° 23 -20 82255938 68 24 05 32> °b5t 43 O68 ‘25 10° 32 56 05 68 25 00 32°55 4 Ss 25 - 60% 32. -55- 46 68 26 2 32 55 48 68-27 00 82:55:68 68. 27. + 25 32 56 00 68 27 45 32°°56-° 02 G3. 28. 08 32 56 04 68 28 20 32° 56 “00 Thermometer 38°. a Mean of 12 observations, 32° 55’ 52”. z a a 4 ryt ae . * - c Ad November 19, 1846.—Camp 103, on an island of the Gila. 349 APPENDIX No. pi acaaia: DETERMINATION OF TIME. es A ee te, > i Fide) Ce SPE * Cs i pasta Se oa Ce ee Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. : in the west. h. 2M. =. Pe Deg. min. sec. Ii athe? 8, 3 2405,4T.5 4 78 47 20 S Od: 24.6 3.41 +34.8 78 29 00 § bi: 204 3 3° 42° 21.0 78 10 45. 8 51 18.7 3 A3° 12.0 77 51 .05 S81: YE 3 44 16.5 77. 26°55 S62 Te 8 3 Ad .04.3 492 09.10 Soh: 197 3 45 .48.2 76 02° 32 S bi. 19.9 3 46 34.8 7634 55 8 pt. Bw Boat 220.0, 16= 15."10 “8 51. 7a - Thermometer 50°. Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Arictis, Chronometer fast. in the east om, es. Deg. min. sec. hoi © OR 3. 53 .19.0 97 50 55 S61 -Fi1 a 64 11,2 98 -13 10 8 51 16.5 364° 57.8" 98 32 00 8 51 18.4 a 69 “3955 98 50 05 8 651. 1i.4 3° 56 32.0 99 12 20 8 51 16.8 57 21.0 99 33 10 8 -5F 36.8 263 ~a258 40.0 100 05 45 Sb. 18.0 " "3" 59 30.8 100 27 45 8 51 16.4 4 00 11.0 100 44 45 8 51° 16.4% a 4 00 51.2 101 01° 35 &S 51 i164 ee _ Thermometer 50°. Mean of 19 observations, 8h. 51m. 18.30s. ew ’ ~ -. APPENDIX No. 5—Contihued. November 19, 1846.—Camp 103. e DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ae | Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude, — i pe = 7 a | = * Deg. min. sec. Z Deg. min. set... O38 | 63° 09 OF 2°43 55 6° | 68° 10° 00° 32 44 13, Se | eghiGeog™ “|| 35 -Sae Gy S* ; | estadt a5" 32 44 08 : oS | 68 10 50. 32 44 02 | “2 68° 11 00 32-43 -B9- : me) sok 1F'* 95 32° 44. OB coo" 68 11 50 32 44 09 20 68 12 20 | 32 44 12 0 68-18 50— 32 44 18 BR 9255 32 44 09 ©6833 107% 32 44 00 gf i lag 23 ro S2: 43° GD : Thermometer 46°. : = Mean of 13 observations, 32° 44! 05”, Se ‘ . fe See. =o » : . ie wee ® P : SEE usta ee ae : : a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 19, 1846. aang 103. DETERMINATION: OF LATITUDE. x Dawe altitudes of Procyon; - Latitude. *> - ear the meridian. — ‘ es Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec.” 18.9 1256; 34° 55 32 43 40 SBS: =. 125. 39 55 32 43°00 fe 46.8 125+ 43°. 16 ., Qe SES See. 2652 1262 46: 16 ,. J3Res 227 00.5 125°, 48 00 32°742: 153 09.0 125" 48 10 32: < 42: 265 42.0 125; 46° 30" 32°743: oot 34.0 126 42. 35 2 44 . 49.8 125 41 50 32 42 aie 47.7 .. 195 39. 06 az 43 54.5 125° 35 40 ae 42 oe . Thermometer 28°. ¥ = Mean of 11 observations, 32° 43! 11". on November 21, 1846.—Cadmpp 105, on the Gila. APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. DETERMINATION OF TIME. 4 a + ‘Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, : in the west. Chronometer fast. Fes ati .-o es Deg. min. sec ee) eee So 21 £062.0 44. 15 8 +52) 28.0 | » 3-081 .249 9 88°. 26. 36 8 52. 26.4 : 3 22 -43.9 83. .05 10 8 252i. 9956 : ‘S283 £27--8 82° 48 25 8 S62: 2926 x 8 eed O47 2 $2 29° 55 8 “52: 2a56 es Seb CEO .O 82: 08: 35 8 11523 “eee Pe ue ee bd 1S. 62) 16 8. S52: 28e2 ae #27 16.0 SL 26. 2b 8 562° 25.0 fej. ee 55.9 81 06 05 8 52) 27.6 Seah Thermometer 40°. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Arietis, Chronometer fast. in the east. ay SS eee Deg. min. sec. | ae Aaa : 3.32 -43.3 00 30 S$ 52: 256.9 re. a dae 36.0 92 24 00 S G2 25 2-4 32.0 v2 47-30 & 62° 22.8 | ue SO ~40.5 93.16 10 S 62° 23.0 : 3. 36 27.6 93. 35 45 S 62 -2a4 : 2 al, 268 vo 67 15 SSS. 21.4 os. 38 19.5 94 23 45 8 52 21.3 See 39 16.5 94 47 «30 8 63. 202 3 40 15.0 95 12 40 8 52 See ea se i aie Thermometer 40°. Mean of 16 observations, 8h. 52m. 24.88s. : * - Deen. , ‘ “353 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ea id November 21, 1846.—Camp 105. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Mean of 12 observations, 32° 43’ 17". — Time. p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. mm... S. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. 3.45. 29.0 638 (30 32 42-°68 rej. 3.46 38.8 68 O01 40 32°" 4317+ Po. at. 23.8 68 01 50 Oe. 43" ee 3 48. 20.7 68 02 10 32°43 “10 8. AP. Ose 68 U2 30 32, 43°12 3-49 47.8 68 03 U5 a2 43°19 3 ae 24-2 68 03 2 32 43° “22 <3; 50.580 68 03 50 32 43 . 27 3. 51. 49.5 68. 04 U0 se 43° m.52. 25-9 68 04 10 32°43" °m eas 04.9 68 04 20 32 43 16 o Oo 46.8 . 68 04 30 32 43 -13 3: 54 23.5 68 04 45 32 43 13 Thermometer 40°. , Distance of F Se ‘ge eee vou’s western lim : Deg. min. sec. i 46 46 46 46 fe tees Seo 355 .- APPENDIX "No. 5—Continued. November 22, 1846.—Camp 106, near the mouth of. the Gila. DETERMINATION OF TIME. : Ca Time, p.m. i] Double altitudes of a Lyre, * ———— Chronometer fast. ere Deg. min. sec. h. ae. Ge7l4 oldest So: O9 3d 8.263. BOG 3 Oe Oe 1s ob o4 44 “56 852 20.9 32 16¢,17:.6 Ot 2h oo Seba 19.8 ieee i Eee $3 59. 30 82:08 3803 3 2 18~0a.9 83 40 10 84 53... 42.5 3,18. 54.0 $3 21 40 Ss OF. 19.5 3219: 530 $2 59 00 82 63: 30:2 3-20. 44.8 82 40 "05 . Se62.. 2hb Bx 2le Bow oe. 20° 45 8» 63° 20: . Thermometer 60°. A Time, p.m | Double altitudes of @ Arietis, Chronometer fast. in the east. seh h. m. Ss. Deg.min. sec A. S. ‘ 3 98 17:5 oi 26: 30 &: BS. 16.7 —o 25 6.0 91 47 40 S63 214 9 8 29 588. 92 09 40 8 63: 16.0 “2 (30. 49.8 oF. ou 90 8 63 16.8 a: 3 3E5 92 49 30 ‘8 63 4548 3 32 28.0 oS ib 2 8 53 J8.6 3 33 33.8 93. 40 10 8 53 €).2 3°34 55.0 94 14 15 8 53 515.5 ~3 35 548 94 39 15 8 -63< 18,0 . a Aye Thermometer €0°. * © “+ Mean of 18 observations, 8h. 53m. 18.108. . ay APPENDIX No. 6—Continued. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. November 22, 1846.—Camp 106. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. cage DDWODDDOOWOON' 06 Thermometer 60°. Mean of 13 observations, 32° 42’ 15’. ee cya; "APPENDIX “No. 5—Continued. . Novencber 23, 1846.—Camp 106. | DETERMINATION OF TIME. : Time, p.m. , Double altitudes of Saturn in the west, h m S. Deg. min. sec 2 39 o6. 85 00 2 40 38.5 85 ~‘04 50 2 41 37 0 85 03 20 ‘ ‘ 2 42 42.8 . 85 02 50 a 4s. - 20.0 85). OF" 216 2 44 Ol. 80 00 00 i TheemompeteY 56°. ® DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. ~ Time, p. m. aan of a Arietis from | Doublealtitudes of moon’s oon’s western lim lower limb. : ¥, Deg.min. sec oI. OFC au: 59 Oo 20. 06.6 ~ 88 28 10 Sone, 06-5 oe 27. 20 28 06.0 88 24 45 3 30 41.5 88 23 50 3 uF 0855 88 22 30 335 54.8 88 21 40 _ Thermometer 56°. Msagitude by @ Arietis ..e. see seeeee ee ees ePreitade by Fomalhaut....... State cays * sevece Minh ass ines tees ne pele : he ee APPENDIX No.@©=Continued: | _ November 25, 1846.—Camp 106. _ |Double altitudes of a Arietis, in the east. Chronoméier fast. Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. Chronometer fast. fax J i a. g. Deg. min. sec. We lig BE "73 42 568.8 22 55 8 53 €2.9 28 3 43° 56.0 99: 46 5" 8.500 Ute 38 44° 37.8". 1600 02 45 8 53 07.4 rej. 3 3 45 31.8 100° 26° 20 "8 63. 08.3: oo 1 °3 ~- 46. 22.0 100 48 10 8 Gs D326 oS: 47° 10:8 101 08 35 8 53 03.9 cae en OOO IGL: 2s. °65 *. 8 2a Meee /o-<5- OO,5 IOL.. 52 -95 8 53 04.6 za 4 49 39.0 102 14. 38 9-53. Oded Thermometer 54°, 4 Time, p. m. : * s. Deg. min. sec. m. 46.5 68 12. 40 8 .538-° 06,1 ; 48.0. 67. 49 40 8.53. 04.9 ae G7. 32. ID 8 53 06.8 -i6.5. 67 16 40 8 56a. 06:8 08.8 66 57 50 8 .53. -06.8, _ 53.8 66.40 25 8 52, 05,1 oe 66 26 20 8 53 06.3 20.8 66 08 10 8° 53. 03.5 04.0 65° 52 30 8 53 06.7 » Thermometer 52°. _ Mean of 17 observations, 84. 53m. 04,86s. SP ae | _ APHENDIX. 5—Continued. ee 23, Cael Comp 106. : Time; p. m. z Double altitudes of Sirins, ; Latitude. - x n ; idian. he OMe &® Deg. min. sec Deg. min. sec 11 14— 39.8 $1. 34...55 3 cf Ge ieee es ie =< es eae 32 1 430 3067 «.- Sl 36 10 32 TE 3A 33:6 81. 36-'20 32 dt 313° 36-8 = 81. 36. 40 32 11. 2192 .33.0 81. 36 .30 32 AD S2ic- sab 81. 36 20 32 e111. Goes 32-0 $1 36 20 32 11.223. 0620 81 35 45 32 11°28" 54.8 SY. 30: 10 32 11 24. 40.0 81 34 45 32 11 25: 41.6 81. 34 05 32 eee? «00,08 Si 33° 10 32 Thermometer 46°. Mean of 12 ee 32° 42’. 03". se - APPEN DIX No Noigge0 etioued: - fs: | Movember 25, 1846.—Comp Sends “comm after leaving the Rio : Col inl cinn a rrok OF TIME. Sie Some = y Double altitudes of a Lyra, Chronometer fast. in the west. Deg. min. sec. h. m Se 02 8 53 63.17 rej 83.44 15 8 some 69: $3; 28 3p | § aba O14 Sa. OF. 45 8 53° 69:6 82 46. 50 8 63° 602 . x 82. 2B. 36 8 53°. 60.4 > 82 09 30 8°53 bBzT : | 8] 61 35 8 -- 684 B36 cs ae Thermometer 46°. oS Time, p.m. . | Double altitudes of a Arietis; Chronometer fast. ede in the east. Deg. min. sec. hem” 3. a OG -00- S ba 54. a es S53 49.8 rej Bi 46. 15 S Ga bo. v2 02. 60 8 632. 64.9 ue. 20 65 8 63 53.4 92. 30° 36 $63. 6376 02 66 , 20 8 53 63.8. 93S -16 20 & . 63°:54.0 a -. Thermometer 46°. Mean of 14 observations, Sh. 53m. 56.82s. , Nove 4 Sahn OF LATITUDE. : ot | -362 oe + APPENDIX No: 5—Continued. November 28, 1846.—Camp 111. DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. ' Time, p. m. Distance of Aldebaran from | Double altitude of moon's : moon’s western limb. ity. gs Deg. min. sec. Deg.min.sec. + 0.227 34.0 49 25 .-26 129:°01 a O29 "29-8 -49 24 465 . E292 05 < ae 5 31 16.0 49 23 55 129 08 25 et ci 47.5 49 23 05 129 14238 m 002-358 49°. 22 25 129°: 19.748 oa] 22.8 49 21. 50 129 13 60 B39. 25.8 49°. 21°. 45 129-2. ae 541° 25.8 49 20 25 120-31 ae = Thermometer 44°. Longitude, by mean of observations, 7h. 43m. 06.45. i APPENDIX No. 6: CIOS. Movember, 26; 1816 ZC 111. - DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE. aes Distance of Fomdlhaut from moen’s western limb. 4 Deg. min, sec. 59 50 42 40° pane te i Thermometer 44°. _ itude by Wiest Ev ee ee ks t 645 et ss tude e by Aldebaram vse .see cesses ceeeeeee x Wenn. seeeee ieee eee e.: Beier kw 7 November 28.—Camp 111, Cariso creck, first. after passing ] os} oe oS Jornada. . e 2 "DETERMINATION OF TIME. ‘ ‘ * é e Double altitudes of a Lyre, in the west. * DWHOMDMDMDMHHM 365 [71 o* . . APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 28, 1846.—Camp 111. DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. ’ Time, p. m. Double one of Po- “Latitude. aris. h. m. $ Deg. min. sec. . Deg. min. sec. a 24 15,0 GS 18. 26 32. 62231 3°24 09.0 68 19 40 32. 52 - 28s 3 20 04.5 68 20 00 32.225 3° 26° 06.5 68 19 30 32 51 56 rej. 3 26 50.0 68. 2) 26 32 52 43 <3 ae 3o.0 68 21 35 32-62 40 \ Boge 239.5 68 21 40 32 52 33 > 29 34.6 68 21 50 1 Se SDD 24 = ** a 30° 562.0 68. 22 20 we Us 28 S32 11.8 68 23 20 32 52 37 3 33 20.0 68 23 40 32 652 34 o 34 02.56 68 23 55 32 52.33 3 35 20.0 68 24 25 32 52 39 Thermometer 46°, Mean of 12 observations, 32° 52' 33”. * Red 5 ONS APPENDIX No. 6—Continued. November 29, 1846. Baia 112, “Valle Citon.?: a DETERMINATION OF TIME. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. — i in the west. ‘ ' Deg. min. sec. he St - Go Sh 10 0d 8.68 44.1% 86 49 10 8 58 42.7 86, 27 20 8-58 42.6 86 O08 25 8 > 68. 42.9 . Sa. 50 1d 8. 58: 43.8 35 05. 8 58 4427 SS it-45' |) 8°58 Steen ee 84 56 10 8 68 42.9 5. “ a ae _ Thermometer 50°. Double altitudes of @ Arictis, Chronometer fast. - In the east. j SS Deg. min. sec. h. “m. 01.0 87 59 50 8 5S B0.3 . So. -92:..20 8. 58 30.0 38: 37-35 8 58 19.2 88 5S 30 8 58 20..3. 89 23 55 8 58 16.5 89 48% 35 8 58 10.8 10 35 8 58 12.0 90 36 40 8 68 G4 .2 90 68 35 8 68: 4b37 4 Thermometer 50°. Mogi 17 observations, 8h. 58m, 42.78s. , i | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. | ty j November 30, 1846.—Camp 112. | E DETERMINATION OF TIME. . _ Time, p. m. Double altitudes of a Lyre, Chronometer fast. . est Cs : - oe hom. os, Deg. min. sec. he Wee Be” 2 2 47 68.8 Bo. SE 1D 8 - 5S - gua me 622 48° 4656 So G2 6b 8° 53: ak. 2s Be 249 28.8 84 42 55 8&68 Bu.7% y Z°OUS-27 .D $4 24. 15 $~ 5S 30.52 x 251-430 84° O7 45 8°58 30.7 3 2 -b1°‘5p62 83° 50. 40 8.68 30:3 4 2.024550 So. Sb 20 S58: Za ias «, FS 2 63 29: 83° 14 95 8 58 29.9- B22 bP 514 82 55 05 8-58 31.1 : ; Thermometer 48°. : a ‘ 4 : fy >; Tine, p.m. Double altitudes of a Arietis, | * Chronometer fast. | in the east. z Ee | ne Deg min. sec. Ri. Be o 8 44 -21:0 96 37 20 8 58 Sa ; -3 16 50.8 97 40 10 8 58 27.6 =: 3 7. 25.0 O7 .64.-30 S$ 68 29.1 Ss 3°19 40.6 _98 50 50 8 68 29.9 — E : 3722 24.8 99.59 55 8-58 29:6 x Sasha ps : ra : : : Thermometer 48°. -< : Fe z : Mean of 14 observations, 8h. 58m. 29.69s: 4 — Bek i cetcs ous and cloudy. The ground at this camp is spongy, and | Shaken by the lightest tread. is, : : =. - APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. November 29, 1846.—Camp Be ‘DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p.m. Double altitudes of Polaris. Latitude. Ra % a ee Deg. min. sec. ‘Deg. min. sec. 4 Pe eo OS” 45.0 > *. 68 26 20 32 58 24 me is ge 09 61.8 68 26 40 32 58 24 : S10 247.5 68 27. 30 32: 58 32 | ox 12 02.0 GG 27. 85 ge - 68540 ‘oyvao 02.5 oS. Ss 69 ‘32 - D848 : “pe te. 62.5 68 28 -15 32 58 eae Po ipo ee 33.5 68 28:.. -35* 32 58.48 . a> 16 26.0 68 28 .55 32. 58. 410 ss 3 16 04.0 68 29 10 32 58 09 7 age Ms 40.8 68 29 20 32: 583 4 gigs rt 2750 68 29 55 32. 585.98 s: 3 18 06.2 68 30 00 32 58 8 Thermometer 50°. ‘ Mean of 12 observations, 32° 58’ 15’ oe a = | oad pile et ate Ree oe ae, Py 2s 369 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. * “DETERMINATION OF TIME: SEO ae ry a December 2, 1846.—Camp™114, “ Warner's.” Time, p.m. > Double altitudesof a Lyre, 2 West. Chronometer fast. Lg = Hei ‘ ae Deg. min, sec. h. © as zg, 2 m2 45° 26:8 83. 51 55 8 59 16.01 | . 2 46 22.5 83 31 10 8 59 I7,2> Bee SoaT= 17.9 83 10 05 8269 1S ; : 2.47 56.8 , 82 54 66 8 59 16.4 f+. S008 44°90 82 8t" 36 8 59 182 E 3 2°49 31797 82. 18 30 8 59 15.6 ; Ba - 2258 5795 38 Si 57 Bb. ; 8 59 16.4 a 2'51513.0 81 40° 15 8 59. 16.35" 2 2° 619578 81 23 50 8 59 17,9 4 ——s : : ; “ Thermometer 34°. | ‘ie a | ee Time, p.m. Double altitudes of a Arietis, in the east. i ae mF. ; 2 58 40.8 ie. 2 69° 3273 : 3 00 24.0 3 01° 19,5 es SY 03<- 19H a 282, 08 3128 pe. 3° 04" -19¢3 3 &. -16.8 3 06 58.5 24 cal , Thermometer 36°, Mean of 17 observations, 8h. 59m, 16,4 _ DETERMINATION OF LATITUDES s Double altitudes of Polaris. Deg. min. sec. 69 O09» 55 10° 25 55 ‘Thermometer iY Sig Mean of 2 observations, 33° é > : < = Fie i . e, awa ; > “yt . . : % : f , oe tare : be . | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. "December 8, 1846.—Camp 118, San Bernardo. . > eee ~ DETERMINATION OF TIME, re Time, p.m. Double altitudes of @ Lyre, Chronometer fast. in the west A... Ut. 8, : Deg. min sec. h : s. 3 19- 08.0 62° 19. 00 8: 59- 4772 3.20 28.8 Oa 49° & °° S268) tae Oe 2s. 20.9 61 - 30." 2B 8 59. 40.4 ‘ ou, 28. -17.9 61: 09" 30 8 59 41.6 3° 22 59.5 60. 523. 56 8.59 40.7 3 23 46.2 -60 386 35 8 59 40.4 35. ee 34.7 "60-19 25 & 6S wee 3.25 28.8 59. 59. 20 S59 4125 e 3 26 06.8 ‘59 44 60 3° 69° 4025 % Thermometer 40°. aie ; Time > P- mM. Double altitudes of a Me Cleciultiginte fast. fe in’ the east. : Agi 0x i ae a 4 . Ce = : ee h a Deg. min. sec. Bete, 2 3 34 46.0. 117 46 30 8 59 36.9 ee o. 26.. 41.8 t13...09° 15 3. 69. 376. ee = .-3. 36° 32:8 ad 15 8 59 37.6 re 3. 37° 128 fia, 44. 35 *-8. 59 36.5 So o. 38° 13:8 8°59. 36% 3 38 59.6 8.. 59- 3821 3. 39. 4050 8.. 59. BFS 3 40 34:7 ‘8. BS” 38.5 © eS = > = a. Thermometer 40°. 58 33° 03 “45 : 3°45 45.5 69. 02° 00 33 03 46 a. BAG 82-2 692 02° 00 - 33° 03 40 oo . S47: 10-8 69" 02° 19 33 03 41, = 3 48 00.8 69° (2. 30 33 03 4d | op «45, 34,6 69 02 40. 33° 03' -46 , 3249 23 69° 02 35 33°:.03° 80 2 3 50 04.0 69 42 30 33° 032424 — ce Sues: Thermometer 40°. oe Mean of 9 observations, 33° 03’ 42”. oe : s : aa? : * é “ ‘ ll “373 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. - December 15, 1846.—Camp 120,. San Diego. Mean of 16 observations, 8h. 58m. 39.65s. : DETERMINATION OF TIME. Wie ‘ton, p- m. Double altitudes of a Areitis; Chronometer fast. in the east. < 7 im. -e Deg. min. sec. he m. <8. en ~ feaes, B10 129 .@4 15 8. 58. 38.1 . 3 34 24.0 129 25 25 8 58 39.1 o2u0.. 10-8 129.46. 2 8°68: 39.2 3. 36. 26.8 130 15 40 8 58 36.9 Bei. 30.0 Tap -4l 420 8. 58. 36.4 3.205 5s ad 131 02 10 Ss Re gee © $3 229: “9329 131 26 40 8 58 37.4 ; 3 80. S25 131 50 30 8 58 36.9 , a8 Thermometer 50°. * : = Time, p. m. Double altitudes of @ Pegasi, ; in the west. * ¥ : a Ss cd Es. 3 ; « a Aum. Deg. min.gec. A. ROM - 3 52 26.5 : 8 58 41.6 3 53 43.8 “ 86S 41,3 3 54 42.8 8 68 42.0 3 55 34.7 8 58 40.9 3.67 99.3 3° 5B ae 3 58 13.0 8.68 41.3 3 59 04.5 8 58 41.9 4 00 05.2 SOS 49.1 ———____— : Taermometer 50°. i —— ‘ « | ¥ ¥ | 4 a : sa « [ J 3 | APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. December 15. 1846.—San Diego. : DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE. Time, p. m. Double altitudes of Polaris. | ~ Latitude. ri i mm. s. Deg. min. sec. Deg. min. sec. B27 “32.0 68 33 55 45 41 jee: O78 65: 33'- 35 32745 “30 a 30. 24:0. Go: ‘So ° SD 32°45" 39 “720 49.2 68 33 55 32 40° -3/ 4 21 23.0 68 33: 45 39 45 32 mk ee Ue 68 33 35 3°. "45-284. 4 23 00.8 68 3s. 50 oo. 60. oe 4 23 46.5 68 33 30 32°74 ae 4°24 «= 28.0 68 34 00 32°45 =40 4 25 12.5 ae er ae aa CRE 4 25 49.0 68 33: 50 32° 45 34 4°26 “20°56 68°33" 50 32 45 34 sit Thermometer 50°. Mean of 12 observations, 32° 45/34”. — . 7 i f * $ Disonbiv: 16, 184s. eas n Diego. DETERMINATION or LavrropE. ms 7 = | Double altitudes of Ceti, 1 fapve meridian. vs my | 2BR8 >A ~- Ae * Jot ir he CRORCECEC) ee . <= : APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. : December 16, 1846.—San Diego: DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p- m. Double altitudes of Aldeba-'” Chronometer fast. : . ram, in the east. 5 | 7 ; oi... Thermometer 50°. : ars “i ? ; <*. . Mean of 7 observations, 8h..58m. 24.70s. % G31 2h 185 67. 57 50 32 45: 45 (62932) <35-0 SY Dz -30 32° 45 «436 6: -33°.:.10.8 G7 66 35 32: 046% 3T 6: 290025155 67 65 10 32 45 37 6 37 40.1 : 67 54 50 32. 45 40. Ge 98s 321.5 67 64 10 32). 45:° 30° ‘-be539 -.09.8 67 54 05 32. 45-339 « G5S98249°8 67 63. 25 32 “45° *30 6.40 50.0 67. 63. 06 32 45 34 684 39h OF S285 32. .45- 31 APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. _ December 20, 1846.—San Diego. : Ee. | DETERMINATION OF TIME. Time, p.m. - Double altitudes of Chronometer fast.. ” in the : Mm Deg. min. sec. : mM. ee 6 se 1665 ub 36 20 . - 6 - 04" 11.2 1%. He 30- 6 O04 51.5 114. 55 45 6°05 41.5 114° 34 O04 : 6 ~06_ 26.5 114: 16 50 * ‘ 6 > O77 35 i? 1k3:.. 6& 40 a 6 204° 13,2 lta Bie 5g 6.08 53.2 . lie te 2b . 6 09 32.8 1¥2. 58-°¥ ae Thermometer 45°, , a : ‘ ‘ “ ; ote See | Aissteg ie ; Time, p. m. Double altitudes of’a Orionis, Chronometerfast. ‘ in the east. ‘ cegennee = a } “3 : 4 . = — ee hs! Be Deg. min. sec hs thei ‘ 15°: 1668 93: 5 t SOF aq * 18.3 93 “41 25 8 57 44.5 Pi 17 02.0 93 58 40 8 57 42.0 1 BES: SF 16: 3U 8 “67 43-5 18 40:0 oA 34. 50 8 “5 42.8 30.0 94° 53° 40 SOF aa 20: 23:8 95; 13° 50 8.C6T 41.3 e mM TEst | oe . 8 oeP a 82 05.5 SS: 6 8 -bF - Thermometer 45° | _Mean of 9 observations, 84. ST7m. 42.585, e a APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ~ December 21, 1846. —San Diego. DETERMINATION oF TIME. pele sists Rb a 2 Anette in the a ‘* ™ —eRRARAAGA Deg. min. sec. 40 55. _ Thermometer 45°. 4, Double altitudes of a Orion, = wit gr es a 7 . foot het . oo ae DAARAARAAGHN dl J susase or -~1ON GH NH 4s s \e 2 BS OREESSEBSS? Deg. min. sec. . Thermometer 45°. Mean of . 18 observations, 8. 57m. " ‘ x Danmanmnonn> —wmmMmDmmDnMmnamMma™ ae Pez. : APPENDIX No. 5—Continued. ga ‘ December 21, 1846.—San Diego. aie * al ‘ ae: m e. et DETERMINATION OF LATITUDE, Si = = ae gar ee altitudes of e. aa Latitude. — ; r the meridia ‘ : . 4 * sf ‘ : . h. Deg. min. sec. "ae Deg. min. sec. | 5 121 23° 40 32.44 3 : me. OL 121 95. 45 32° 4P 20. 5 : 5 121. 27 06 32.44 45 E: D 121 28 45 32.44 a ae 121.28 45 32 44 33 me. 63 21-29. 25 32° 44 45 ie 5 121 30 00 32 44 30 : = 5 224.29 10 . 82 4424 f 5 . 121. .23..60 32 44.30 ae 5 Ti 2 730 32 44 38 & 121 925 55 32 44 45 + eas ; “e121. 23° 40 #32 44601 2 oe * Thermometer 45°. ia Mean of 12 teem 44’ re sa = * See “ we ie Ss ee ¢ A . ; x 4 * , ne "eres % 2 x ike + * Pe é ' ides Deceniber 23, 1846.—Sun lia — DETERMINATION 0 OF LATITU o. . Double aiadee of a ee om e meridian Thaex. error + 17,5”. / Thermometer be. OA a. ia *#. \. APPENDIX No. 5—Continuedi - ' Decémber 23, 1846.—San Diego. a es DETERMINATION OF TIME. is ae It ‘ Time, p-m append aethet of a agen i Chronometer ~ j pt ttm we ie | hi mivncee Deg. min. sec. h. m. ~-s. 5 54 56.5 99 41 10 22 86 G6y 68:04. 24 5 GS 3310 99 (262510 8 56° 58.7 5.266 <16 8. 99 O07 25 8 57.7 6.43 5 98. 46 15 8 56 58.9 , 5.7% 2 98 26 10 8 56 60.4 « - eh argse 6 98 01 50 8 56 58.9 5 59 52.8 97 37 20 8 56 58.5 eG 01° -23.8 96. 59. 16 8 56 58.5 » 6 02 10.0 96 39 40 8 56. 57.8 + — a " Thermometer 54°. - % Time, p. m. Double altitudes of @ Orion, Chronometer fast. ; - in the east. i SSS renee | HENRY is ¥ Pe K: Mm. ¥, Deg.min. sec. kh.” m. ‘ 6 06 25.5 94 42 45 8 36 54.8 @* OF? 3755 95 O1 45 8 56 54.3 ° 6 08 02.5 a 18 35 8 56 55.1 6 O08 57.6 : 95 38 ‘35 8 56 55.9 6 09 47.8 95 56 10 8 56 58.6 6 10 25.2 96 10: 35 8 56 56,9 ; 6 il @.0 96.723: -25 8 66 “58.7 6 i1 55.6 96° 43 45 8 56 56.59 6 12 43.5 * 97 01 20 8 56 56.7 i aa oe + Thermometer 54°, +4 4... of WB sevechivas, She 56m, | 57. soi 25 e en a aa APPENDIX No. 6. a » S —— ¥ 53 Wasuineton Ciry, October 8, 1847. | Sim: I have the honor to submit, herewith, a report of such ob- jects of natural history as came under my observation while I was attached to the topographical party, under your command, during the journey from Fort Leavenworth to Fent’s Fort. © The plants which were collected were submitted to the imspec- tion of Dr. Torrey, to whom I am indebted for their names. With great respect, F am, sir, your most obe igen . Wea . Lieutenant U. S. Top. Engineers.. To. Lieut. W. H. Emory, _ U.S. Topographical Engineers. = a a ac lt ae — i © Notes of Lieutenant J. W. Abert.. ” _.Gn the 27th of June, 1846, we set out from Fort Leavenworth. The day was clear and bright; the woods were rejoiced with the voice of the mocking bird, and of the'many little warblers that “would join in the chorus of his song; the bluebird was there i _his sprightly notes, and the meadow lark, perched on some, tal mullein weed, caroled forth his song of love. As we were heartily - tired of remaining quiet, we were well prepared to enjoy the beautiful scénes that our progress gradually developed. The ground is what is called “rolling prairie,” of gentle curves; one swell melting into another. ; , The sotl around is extremely rich the whole country is verdane . with the rank growth of the “tall grass,” as it is called by way ° eminence, when compared with that which grows beyond the re- gion of the walnut and the hickory. Ss , < _ Here are many varieties of useful timber: the higher» ti? ¥ I nut, the linden, the ash, the hornbeam, thie maple, the » archy Ol thé beech, also the cotton wood; but, beyond the limits of the“ grass,” there is the cotton wood only. : ‘if Five miles from Fort: Leavenworth we passed a large _buttes called ‘‘Pilot Knob;” its top is flat, and unites with t vallies be 1 a like odra spre (cephalantus occidentalis;) among these the wild grape had twisted 387 [7] _its tendrils and was growing so luxuriantly that it was with great difficulty one on horseback could force his way through. On the hill sides, the wild rose was still in bloom, and’ mingled its pink flowers with the beautiful white clusters of the Jersey tea, (ceonothus Americanus. he prairies were covered with tall stalks of the rattlesnake weed, (rudebeckia purpurea.) Some of our mules proved very refractory, but we soon con- quered them with the aid of the “‘lazo,” or cabriesto, as it is often called—-a rope of hair, or plaited hide, 50 to 60: feet ong,in which a noose is formed that, by a skilful hand, is easily thrown over the mule’s head, the noose being gradually tightened, the animal soon falls to all appearance lifeless. Now, the bridle, the saddle, and packs are fixed, the noose loosened, and the mule rises ready for the ourney. ac 3 ‘After a march of twelve miles, we encamped near a log house, close to"a Ane spring of cold clear water, Here we noticed the white hickory, or downy hickory, (juglans pubescens,) the chest- nut oak, (quercus primus acuminata,) the spicewood, (laurus ben- zoin,) and, deep in the woods, the modest May apple, (podophyl- lum peltatum,) and bloodroot, (sanguinaria canadensis.) grass, and covered externally with moss; within were five Un ry sound they or. food. he ot ro~) my fas) B =) nae 5 = 5. om pas Tl i) 3 fae] o cm o < °o pt =I =] et oO om har) - a ~ B wn Cal i) oy 2) “ @ om y, kin Or a9 Lt ew slope. ssing on over gently rising and falling swells an Ne ee aera [7] 388 road, we noticed that our horses would frequently sink to the fet- ‘lock, and saw on the ground little piles of loose earth, like. small’ ant hills, being about 5 inches high and 10 or 12 inches in diam- eter at the base, and without any opening; they are formed by the sand rats or gophers, (pseudostoma bursarius,) and although their habitations cover the prairies, there are few persons I have met with who have ever seen them. 5 ~ On our route we started several prairie chickens, (tetrao cupida.) After a march of 11 miles we reached Stranger creek, a romantic little stream of water, clear as crystal, that ripples over a pebbly bottom. The banks are high and composed of rich loam that achieve the ascent. We were soon encamped, and had our bed- ding exposed to the sun to dry. We noticed a great quantity of the orange colored asclepias, (asclepias tuberosa,) around whic of Falstaff. e woods were skirted by a dense growth of hazel, plum trees, d ¢ Here, too, we found the little quail, (or ) suddenly rising up from under our feet, and startling toes were very numerous, and we lay down to be tormented by these provoking pests; but few of us were able to sleep, although and had then passed round the neck of a mule. Luckily for us, there was a good carpenter in the volunteer camp, and although a The orange colored asclepias, (A. tuberosa,) and the melan- VF * thium vi inicum, a white-flowering bush, were also abundant. a Se ee a ae 2 The tim er on the ravines consisted of the white oak, (Q- alb3,) pg 389. iigy is black jack oak, (Q. ferruginea,) mulberry, (morus rubra,) walnut, F. nigra,) the hickory, the red bud, (ericis canadensis.) The nettles (urtica canadensis) had grown to the height of 7 or 8 feet, all of which show the prodigal fertility of the soil. S we approached the Kansas river its tributaries seemed to multiply rapidly, and the rolls in the prairie became more abrupt. At 3 o’clock, we ascended a high ridge that gave usa fine view of the whole surrounding country. Presently reaching a little stream, whose banks were excessively steep and slippery, the wag- ons attempted-to ascend; but one of the wa wheels sank deep in the mud, and completely stopped all progress; we were therefore obliged to unload everything, and then clap’all hands to the wheel, when we rose the hill amid the cheers of the men. A Frenchman, mounted ona wild mule, had already crossed-and was standing on the western bank, which is 10 or 12 feet in height, passed iff its desperate leap. No one was hurt, and the Frenchman still sat as firm as ever -" " As we neared the Kaw or Kansas river, some of us went in ad- vance and soon reached an Indian house; the*occupants said they were Shawnees. They appeared to be very comfortably fixed; had plenty of fine looking cattle, pigs, and chickens; within a few yards of the house, a clear stream of good water spouted forth from the side of a hill "We Tearnedof the Indians that the di ce the Kaw river was 1} miles. cli etal ce gs Crossing a high ridge, we enter the Kanzas bottom; it was over- grown with a tall grass (arundo phragmites) from 5 to 6 feet high, and mingled with this was the long-leafed willow and the cotton wood. A quarter of a mile from the river bank, we entered the timber, consisting of the varieties already mentioned; the ground on which it grew was a d loose sand difficult to get through. In the river we found two large flat boats or scows manned ° Shawnee Indians, dressed in bright-colored shirts, with shaw around their heads. The current of the river was very rapid, so that! it required the greatest exertions on the part of our ferrymen to prevent the boats from being swept far down the stream. We landed just at the mouth of the Wakaroosa ereek. Here there is no perceptible current; the creck is 14 feet deep, while the river does not average more than 5 feet, and in several places is quite Shoal. gis It was nearly 10 o’clock before all our company had crossed, and was so dark that- we could scarcely see to arrange camp; so we lay down on the river bank and sent our horses out on the’ 5. prairié to graze. We finished our suppers at 12 o’clock and lay _ town again to sleep; but, worn out as we were, the mosquitoes showed us no compassion, and Jarge hooting owls, (bub virginianus,) | a as if to condole with us, commenced a serenade. ~~ oo oe The pure cold water of the Wakaroosa looked so invitin ; that q “some of us could not refrain from plunging beneath its crystal sar: 4 face; one of the flat boats formed a convenient place from which _ tospring. ‘The sun was rising, surrounded by golden clouds; in ae. a one. of the flat boats, three of the Indians who had assisted in ferry-- ing us over were soundly sleeping, and far away stretched the grad- ually diminishing trees that overhung the Kanzas water; the king- fisher (alcedo alcyon) was darting along, uttering his shrill rattling scream; flocks of paroquets (centurus Carolinensis) were circling over head, screaming and darting amid the tall walnut and syca- - ,more trees. - During the day, our animals. suffered greatly from ‘the horse-fly, Pee e now made ready for our march, having engaged a fine look- ‘ing Indian lad to go with the party. Our horses had not had much time to eat last Night, and seemed disinclined to pass through the luxuriant grass that lay on each side of our read, and were con- stantly trying to snatch a mouthful of the delicious herbage. _ At 83 o’clock we had a glimpse of the Wakaroosa buttes; on our ‘right there was a large corn field, of about 30 acres, then a line of timber stretching as far as the eye could reach; on our left lay the broad rolling prairie, and directly in front we could see the road crossing the swells of the prairie, until it could be no longer dis- tinguished. As we continued to advance we found that our road ead us directly between the two buttes. | _ We soon reached them. and then saw the ‘ divide” that sepa- rates the waters of the ‘¢ Wakaroosa’’ from those of the “Alaris des cygnes,” or Osage; (as it is,called near its mouth;) upon this. divide the Santa Fé road is laid out. = We soon saw the Oregon trail, which here unites with that to Santa Fé; shortly .after..passing the junction,of..these trails we reached a steep declivity that forms the bank of a small stream, and noticed that the Indians had been working here for coal; im the superincumbent shale we found traces of fossils resembling the broad flat leaves of the iris (fride.) While we were examining this formation, my horse, that had been driven almost mad by the flies, (tabani,) broke from his fastenings and rushed into the creek, in order to rol! in the water, and thus free himself from his tor-- ck; some of the party dashed towards him, and, springing up, be alloped off, scattering afl my accoutrements on the road; but I re- covered every thing, even my pistols | Bhek; se what a misfortune! for my saddle and pistols were on his . : (tabari;) hese flies completely covered the necks and shoulders , of the horses aaa ee es, tormenting them excessivel : Se soe t is _ pistes Caroliniensis flicker, (gieus auratus;) the blue bird, ing e yoyageur, the cow-bird, (molothrus- 5 hee 391 Sim pecoris,) made their appearance, and no sooner had we . picketed our animals than those birds installed them on their backs. The elder (sambucus pubescens) was still im: bloom, and the. - orange asclépias still displaying its gaudy flowers, much to the. delight of the brilliant butterflies that sported around it, and-are:-. so constantly found near it, that it is often called the ‘butterfly plant. . Our camp is ona high point. -whieh separates the branches of a little stream; the — mgt is go ne and our situation high, and must bid defiance to. the uito Along the margin of the creek I founda benetifal ily, dldbuid figrinum,) of a bright orange color, and beautifully dotted n July 1 we arose. early ‘and made. our mee back. to the trail we had left. fter a march of three miles we reached the route. sought for; we then rose to the top of the ‘ divide,” which ‘unites | with the Wakaroosa valley by a series of slopes that resemble fas) 4 md © re ° 5 wa Looe ° Ss iS mn ° ry eS 2 Law J Kd ° | iad = e ao © 5" s) xe © a = a ie) Toad crosses there is alarge pool from four to five feet in depth,” for ing a fine bathing place; but we did not stop here, as we were’ portion of the day as possible, determined to push on and see if’: he fi; our horses. The poor brutes seem to have no time to graze; and, \ {meleagris gallopaoo.) We saw a flock of curlew, (numenius lon=) - found our conjectures correct. They said they were traders, and: @nxious to reach some eminent place in honor of the day. We a [uy : aoe pushed forward for ‘‘ Big John spring,’? which we reached at 5 o’clock. Here we luxuriated on the delightful cool water of this celebrated spring, reclining under the shade of a tall oak ‘sub tegmine querci,’ at whose base this spring originates; the tem- perature oi the water being only 53°, while that of the air ranges’ above 80°. ; ; Ag We saw to-day two beautiful varieties of the evening primrose, {cnothera biennis,) the white and the yellow. We noticed amongst. - the birds the brown thrush, (orpheus rufus,) the king bird, (musei- capa tyrannus,) the grouse (tetrao cupido,) and the little quail. unday, July 5th.—We wished, as we started this morning, that we could have taken this spring along with us, the water was so beautifully clear and so cold, and the spring shaded from distance around by a grove of the walnut, the sycamore, and the oak; around the trunks of which the ivy (rhus radicans) clambered, and at the roots of which grew beautiful lychnis. : Two miles from our point of departure is Council grove, where there is a fine stream of running water, and great quantities of quartz and highly fossiliferous limestone. Ais: Shortly before Council grove; we passed the grave of a white _ man, who had been murdered by an Osage Indian; a circular pile of stones marks his resting place; from the crevices between the Stones the ivy has shot forth; over.the grave a long»pole leans _ mournfully. When I viewed this simple grave, my mind turned to ‘the proud.monuments which are built up by the wealthy in our great cities, and which are daily leveled with the ground to give place to some improvement. ‘Here, on the wild prairie, the Indian and the rude hunter pass by this spot, and not for worlds would — they remove one stone. ae Continuing our march, we travelled over a distance of 20 miles, when we reached “Diamond spring.” This is a fine large springy of three or four feet across, the water extremely cold; the tem perature of the spring is 54°, while that of the air, the thermometer in the shade, is 87° I procured atthis place a beautiful white thistle, (enicusacarmay) of delicious fragrance. We saw a great. many night hawk* . (chordeiles virgins) and plovers, as well as several herds of deer, (cervus virginianus.) I also collected some of the great grasshoP” Monday, July 6ih,—As we set out on our march, the re : mules took a freak in their heads and endeavored to run off Ww! — ‘ g a We noticed near the road numerous large puff balls or fungi, that = resembled, both in: size and appearance, human skulls of ™® ost > coheres. :. : = } a "(Fy E; 4 Continuing our journey, we pressed forward rapidly, in order to reach Cottonwood fork, which is nearly thirty miles from the place where we were encamped this morning. We had a tedious march and did not reach the creek until 3 o’clock. _ Our animals were very much jaded, and add to this-that, the |} moment we reached our goal, myriads of horse flies attacked our | cavalcade furiously. In the efforts-of the beasts to rid themselves of,the flies, they often became entangled in the “ cabrestoés;” we | Were obliged to protect some of them by loose clothing; the mos- _ quitoes, too, were troublesome to horses and riders. ‘ | Cottonwood fork is a tributary of the Neosha, as well as Coun- cil grove creek and the waters intermediate. This stream is tim- _bered with large cotton wood trees that keep a continued rustling of their leaves, for the slightest breeze makes them tremble. __ We noticed here thickets of the elder (S. canadensis) in full bloom, The beautiful monarda (M. allophyla) covered the low _ portions of the banks of this stream, while on the little sand bars, and close to the water’s edge, a dense growth of the long leaved _ willows overhung the clear water, in which sported the black bass, _ the cat fish, and the sun fish. Just where the road crosses, there isa fine pool of water, from five to six feet deep and twelve feet Wide. Tuesday, July 7.—We concluded that it would be best to remain here for the day, as,our animals looked much harrassed by what they have already undergone" We-employed ourselves in gettin all our affairs arranged in complete order; for we expect that this is the last stop that we shall make for some time to come. ; _ thing was overhauled, our clothes were all washed, and all those atrangements, such asa journey of this kind suggest, but which our continued movement did not permit us to accomplish, were this day executed, tities of the golden rod, (solidago,) and along the stream we saw _ box elder, (acer negundo,) and extended thickets of plum bushes. _Not far from the camp we saw some antelope, (dicranocerus fur- Gfer,) so we sent out an old voyageur with the Indian hunter in _ ~parsuit of them; but they returned unsuccessful, and reported that the antelope were extremely shy. __ About 4 o’clock several companies of volunteers made their apn, | Pearance, and until it was quite late we heard the tramp of horses, the clashing of sabres, and jingling of spurs; at last they all ar- 4 ie? and the camp was’quiet, save the howl of the sentinel Wolf, ‘. Wednesday, July 8.—At 5 o'clock this morning we were on the *oute for the Turkey creeks; they are three in number, and unite a few miles below the points where our road crosses them; the day _ Was pleasant, for the sky was overcast. oon _ We had now reached the short grass, that is not more than four. et five inches in length, and we saw little patches of the true buf- falo grass, (sesleria dactyloides,) a short and curly grass, so unique an *" ae Slag round our camp the ground looked golden with the different ya-_ ~ cS “here many years, as they were crumbling to pieces. At 3 o’clock tio “ : ‘ in its general character that it at once catches the eye of the tray- er. ‘On either side of us we observed little circular spots marking the places where the buffalo once wallowed; forthese huge animalshaye _ a habit of throwing themselves on their sides upon the ground; they then commence walking, as it were, with their feet on the circumference of a circle; this causes their bodies to revolve, and thus result circular depressions in the prairies; these, after a rain, are for a long time filled with water, with which the traveller is often | Pd fain to slake his thirst. These old wallows are now overgrown with plants that grow ‘more luxuriantly than on other portions of the prairie. There is ‘the splendid coreopsis (coreopsis tinctoria) and the silver margined : _ euphorbia; (euphorbia: marginata;) these at once arrest the at- n. ; tentio $ s. It is seldom, now, that the buffalo range this far; no signs of old exctrements are to be seen, and the bleached bones left upon the plains by the hunter have long since mouldered away. ‘Towards the close of the day we found the frontal bone of a buffalo’s skull, the only sign, in addition to the wallows, of this animal having been once abundant. a Along the road were numbers of the beetle, laying in their wm, ter stores, “haud nonignari aut incauta futuri.’”? We stopped to noon, at 11} o’elock. After a halt of half an hour, we starte again, and at 12} o’clock, formed our camp on Turkey creek. Here not a stick of timber is to be seen, but we found some beau. tiful plants with brilliant scarlet flowers (malva pedata) and roots which are eatable. We also obtained specimens of the pomme blanche, (psoralea esculenta,) and in the waters of Turkey creek we reached the Little Arkansas,°a tributary of the great nivel i: | ased as we entered camp, and as ee ek j appeared abundant and at no great distance, Menard. S 397 /(7} ‘sent to shoot some of them, but»his gun had got so wet during the day it would not fire We noticed to-day t the pink sensitive plant schaopkis uncinata) of most delicious fragrance, so that my hat, into w ha thrust sme precuesnse ves pleasantly perfumed. With this plant, we also found a white variety, (darlingtonia brachypoda,) the flowers and sees are smaller than the plant first mentioned, and has no odor. Late in the evening several of the volunteer companies came up; they said they were suffering for want of provisions; as the commissary waggons had got on too far in advance, they sent for- _ ward to have some of them return ut we were all suffering ~ bid from a cause that produced in some of us feelings more unpleasant than hunger; the blowfly had peopled our blankets with living masses of corruption; it is said that these insects were never before seen so far out in the prairies ak Friday, 10th.—It is stiil raining, abe cloud ‘are chasing each other rapidly across the sky, and now and then the rain pours eayily down. e remained in ate some time waiting for the rain to stop. We thus lost several hours, but we found travelling in the prairies rather increased the chafing of our animals. We noticed to-day some swallows, (hirundo bicolor,) also the turtle dove, the little quail, the blue jay, (garulus cristatus,) and the king fisher (alcedo alcyon.) We collected ssomedamb’s. quarter.and had it cooked, and no- ticed along the road side the purslane, (portulaca oleracea;) this also “pat answer for the table of the prairie voyageur.. Our day’s journey was 16 miles. Sieieiiay: 1 11th.—We were up this morning at 3} o’clock, at ready for the start. Our arrangement of mos aito bars broken in upon. last night by a heavy shower of rain that forced “ to retreat to our tents. After marching three miles, we reached Cow creek; it was very . difficult to cross on account of the miry bottom, but we got safely over without great delay. efore we had praveodne Nitin we N. oved rapidly along the ruts in f it, anxious to escape ae crushed. abe anes land t Ne. ines pbanen):) were also sory Near the centre of this circle had an ceelben view of the be Holster pistols were the only arms used, and we soon had the p ea- <8 7. oe Te 398 sure of seeing one of the animals fall; the other then turned off into the wide prairie. ear the buttes we collected some beautiful Gaillardias of differ- ent species. Gaillardia amblyodon and G. pinnatifida we found abundant over the remainder of our day’srouté. Aftera march of eight miles more we reached the banks of the Arkansas river, where we encamped. Here we found a large train of wagons, belonging — (cucumis perennis) and the cactus, (cactus opunta;) also the marginata;) also. phylla) rudbeckia hirta, and a species of cockle burr; and onal sides the little mounds of loose earth thrown up by the gopher, d We left Walnut er at 3 o’clock, and entered upon vast plains of the buffalo grass, (sesleria dactyloides.) After a march of 11 miles we camped within five miles of the famed Pawnee rock. Our camp was a mile from the river; but we drove our horses to water and got our buckets filled. As there was no wood, we used the ““bois de vache,” and lay down near the smoke of the fires to avoid the mosquitoes. We had no sticks to support our mosquito bars. When we first arrived, the country around was covered with bufr falo, but it was too late in the day -to hunt; we therefore lay down quietly with the intention of having a fierce chase in the morning. ~~ July 13th.—Last night we hada terrible serenade from a ‘large drove of prairie wolves, (canis latrans.) These animals always ‘hang on the heels of the buffalo, to. pick up the infirm and those. the hunters have wounded, as well as to prey on what is left of the © slaughtered. “We got off in good time, and Lieutenaut Emory, in company of ‘one of our hunters, started for the buffalo. We saw the chase; as and let the horsemen pass through, we heard ‘Our hunter came into: camp empty handed. | We halted a short time to pack the buffalo meat, and then proceedéd to Ash creek. This creek was dry, so we continued our route among herds of buffalo eet were continually dashing across our road, and at length reached Pawnee fork after a march of 18 miles, E | *<<"The waters of this creek were so high that we could not cross} ‘the trees along the sides of the banks were half hidden ; the whi 399 2 Paap, | turbid bosom of the stream. We therefore camped by the side of the creek to await the subsiding of its waters. The country around was’ covered with the (cucumis perennis) prairie gourd, and we found it to be infested with those little striped insects that somuch annoy the farmerin the United States, by the ravages they commit amongst the young vines. This creek is timbered with’ the elm, (ulmus Americana,) and ‘the box elder, (aceo negundo.) We frequently, during the day, . noticed the purslane and the ‘‘pinette de prairie;”” in the low grounds the splendid coreopsis and the euphorbia were displaying their beauties; and on the uplands the prickly pear was seen in great abundance, but it had passed its bloom During the afternoon a man by the name of Hughes was drowned in attempting to cross the stream; there were two men with him ac the time, but the current was so violent that it soon swept him out of reach. His friends brought his clothes to o p, where they left them until they could recover the body. w to-day large flocks of the tropical or yellow-headed blackbird, (agelajus xantocephalus,) also the common blackbird, {quis calus versicolor,) and the Baltimore oriole, (icterus Balti- < In the evening some of us went over to visit Mr. Hoffman’s camp; one of the gentlemen attached to the party had just returned _ from his first hunt, having killed four fat cows and brought in their tongues. Thus far we have noticed several plants that have been so common that I have neglected to mention them. One is the lead plant, or tea plant, —_— canescens,) and is in some places - $0 abundant as to displace almost every other herb; the other is what our men call prairie indigo, (baptisia leucantha,) it bears a large black cylindrical pod, filled with kidney-shaped seed. July 15th.—This morning we commenced making a raft, deter- * pe -. Pit 400 Some had to struggle hard to get up the banks, that, in addition te their steepness, were covered with a thick’ coating of mud, depos ited by the waters. It was a beautiful sight to see some of the finest of our horses spring from the high banks of the stream, to ee the splash of spray as jpshowered around when the horse dis- ao and again to see the noble animal rise above the wave, snorting and dashing the waters from his mane, as he swam for the opposite shore. Our Indian lad seemed to enter into the spirit of the scene; he seized the cabresto of one of the wildest horses and dragged him down into the water; running out upon the raft, he , Stood for a moment, and then plunged into the stream, throwing his arms alternately as he dashed across. It is in such scenes 5 this that the Indians excel; their fide limbs, dark hair, and flashing eye lend all the imagination could desire to perfect the wild grace of motion, the picturesque of attitude that such occasions develope- _ The water had fallen nearly 3 feet during the past night, and @S _ it still continued to fall, the troops commenced crossing at the e that of water. The wagon body was placed upon the raft to dis- | ¢ os [7] regular ford, which is one-fourth of a mile above us; but lost sey- eral of their horses. To-day, the man who was drowned yester- day was buried, his body having been found by our. men engaged 4in rafting. His friends sent tous for his clothes ih which to bury him; and, before the sun went down, he was deposited in his long resting place: ‘requiescat in pace.” At 11 o’clock, Colonel Doniphan came to our camp and informed us that General Kearny wished to see us. We afterwards learned that the general had some inquiries to make in regard to the route by the Smoky Hill fork; a route that Lieutenant Peck and myself had travelled when we were attached to the command of Colonel Frémont; but the roughness of that country, the absence. of all roads, and the scarcity of water and wood, and the poverty. of the pasturage, render the ansas river route much to be preferred. ° At 3 o’clock we commenced otr march, and soon struck a road _ that we pursued until near 10 o’clock at nighty when »we encamped near some pools of water, having been made aware of our approach ' to them some time before they were in sight, by the cry of the kill- deer plovers, (charadrius vociferous.) We soon kindled our fires of *‘bois de vache,” and then found we had camped iin a prairie dog village; abad place for picketing horses, as the neighborhood is generally destitute of grass. On our march we obtained a sin- gular species of cactus, resembling roundish bodies coveréd with long protuberances, whose tips were crowned with stars of white ~~ pie niee® i - . s lead Spines, (near Be e saw. during the d allowed us to approach quite close before they tool Mediums of different refracting powet ewhile seeming lakes wo 1 Spring into existence, whose farthest shore seemed widely sepa- tated from us by the broad volume of water that intervened, , There were many dusky wolyes (canis, nubilus) prowling around bial ce 186 rq ania wok ie Bil aed ;, 4 Aa ee it ok {E4] 4 dew the buffalo; the latter paid no regard to them, but let the wolves “gpproach without showing the least repugmentces although the - wolves devour the young calves and attack the cows at certain periods when they are least able to defend themselves. This species ~ ef wolf does not congregate in large packs like*the prairie wolf, but roams solitary. : - This evening five Pawnee Indians came into our camp. They were on foot, naked, and had their faces painted.. As our party ‘was very small, and we knew from the bthavior of these fellows that there were plenty of Indians near us, we changed our posi- ‘tion for one more defensible. All our horses were picketed close -to the camp; the cabrestoes were shortened; wagons and tents ar- fanged, so as to form a compact rihg; the arms examined and the — guard doubled; the whole camp was in’ a state of watchfulness, momentarily expecting an attack. I lay for the greater part of the night by the’side of a wagon, with my rifle across the tongue,, -‘eonstantly expecting to see some redskins crawling amongst our --horses; but the night was undisturbed, save with the howling of *wolves and the bellowing of buffalo. - Saturday, 18th.—This morning, as soon as it was light, we saw @ Jarge bard of buffalo, not more than 300 yards from us, walking ~'slowly to the ponds close by; they were to the west of us, and as ~the wind did not blow towards them they paid but little regard'to our proximity. © = PikeiteeeniN eS AS a2 Some of the patriarchs of the. band were on the lead; they were us, ut still continued to move on with the same slow’ Bice ~Y ¥ = e n oF i, oO ~ ot a we + ar oO j= 3 ° Sy if] ia) B is) =) yy no) 4 ot & ~ 5S © oe ~ m Q. ie) ° — ° ‘Gnguired th ~yejoin, for 2 . * ie main body, which we were anxious t? fering from t fe harrassing night wg a oTSESW ere ering from our being necessi- 9 ‘tated'to picket them sq closely for fear of Indians; and both OW" § 403 C77 friend noticed them, and as they passed, dismounted, stooped down, and drew up his rifle; as the smoke burst forth from the muzzle of We already had the medt of two fat cows, and as the wag- _ ons were so far from the place where the cow had fallen, she was _ left.to feed the wolves. . aa ; The ruts of the road were full of little lizards, sunning themselves; * as-we approached they would dart briskly away, manifestly disin- i clined to play the part of devotees to Juggernaut. . In crossing to the river we found the ground in many places co- vered with beautiful gallardias(g. amblyodon) and the eupatoriuin, while in the moist grounds we saw the curious dodder twining in its golden tendrils all the plants that grew around it, forming an inextricable entanglement. Among the birds, we saw many of the sky-larks and several avo- Sets (recuroirostra ames.) The tail and its coverts white, wings black and white, legs blue, and bill recurved. When we first struck the river, we met with Major Clark’s bat- talion of artillery,-a fine body of troops, well uniformed and of sol- dierly bearing. . . aving marched a few miles along the river bank, we formed our _ camp, aft elli his day a distance of 19 miles. Sunday, July 19th.—Marching along the Ar ttom one is struck with the variety of swamp grasses. Here we find the trian- gular grass, (scirpus triguctio,) and mingled with it in great abund- ance the scouring rush (equisetum hyemale) and the beautiful lia- tris (liatris spicata. : ee ee ae se fter we had started, I went back three miles to meet Gen. Kear- _-AYin order to get some one to go with us and show us the exact loc: ion of the capture of the party of Texans by Capt. Cooke, 24 poy ‘ in 18. General Kearny detailed: Lieutenant Love, who showed il a St & y along the river bank,’and is the first grove of any size that the travelle> west meets after passing Pawnee fork, which, by the Toute we came, is 64 miles distant. a = 2 evening we went to General Kearny’s camp to get soine of We had expected to have gone not more than s, but only reached them after a ride of eig Main here until the camp should overtake us ih Sepa! 0 ie Monday, 20th.—This morning we had not marched farwh encamp. Soon Liewtenant Em General Kearny’s guard stop and Who had feoeace ore : river, rode oy tral Kearny was:very ill, and™ord edo wa, nain- for the purpose of conveying th Sane on by easy stages; fi Sut wagon was light’ and had good’ springs, while all ia aap ae URC . = _ -palous calyx. ‘aaa | 404 -gons;with the army were without springs and roughly built, like - common Santa Fé trade wagons. &. Sarr yer Aes ide This day we made a march of 31} miles, passing-along the topof__ o- a barren ridge, between one and two miles from the river. thing was.to be seen but the curly buffalo grass, now parched by the summer’s heat. The sun pouretl down his rays most lavishly; the men all dismounted and walked, in order to. rest and to re-— lieve themselves from the singular sensation produced by the heat. First one and then another of the party became ill, and several were seized with a severe vomiting. In the evening I went over to Major Clarke’s camp, in order to ~ have an axletree made. There I-saw many who appeared to be ill; amongst them were Captain Weightman and Lieutenant Dorn. I returned to our camp and passed a sleepless time, listening to the footsteps of the guard; and, now and then, the conversation of the French boys broke upon the stillness of the, night; they, too, were not able to sleep soundly. We were all extremely anxious “with regard to General Kearny’s health. ' Tuesday, July 21st.—This morning we presented qtite a sorry look- Angarray of human faces. At day-break I was seized with a vomiting, © which lasted some time; I was obliged to send :for the doctor. however determined to push forward in compliance with the order _ of, Lieutenant Emory, who was with General Kearny,and-commit- _ ted myself to the wag 4s-care, while Lieutenant Peck took com ‘mand of the camp. -Lying here, my eye roved over but a con fined. prospect; under, me were bundles of bedding, with “blankets, red, blue and white; near me, a sick man,] guidly gazing upward. above me, the bended bows of the wagon that supported @ large white cover, through which the sun beat with intense heat; and, in front, through a httle hole, one. caught sight of the landseape dancing to and fro as the wagon jolted along. - We formed our camp, after a march of 11 miles, at the Santa Fe . crossing, and in the vicinity of Major Clarke’s battalion of artil- ~ ery, so that we could have an opportunity of completing our axle- tree that we began yesterday. We soon saw our wagon, and learned that General Kearny had perfectly recovered. . At this place we obtained some beautiful purple lilies, (eustom? russeliana,) and Mr. : Endian bodies, Preis caine 5 a | | ee eer er ee ae See Cane me ite Sao > ‘ 405 [7} 14-5 inches in depth; tail covered with shert hair, a little less. in length than one half the length of the body; body about 6 inches ' in length. The.pouch is covered with short white hair, and capa- ble of being turned inside out. This, I think, was*a youn 1e;5 hence the slight differences in the size and the colorof its legs, and the tail being covered with hair. Captain Turner, of the Ist dragoons, brought me a (ortygometra> . carolinus;) these birds are in plenty along the Arkansas bottom; . this one was caught after a short chase, for it flew a short distance only, when it appeared to be’ too much ‘fatigued, or too much bewildered to rise again. the plants that occur between the Arkansas crossing and “ Bent’s fort, I cannot do better than. refer. to the list appended to- this report, in which they are arranged in the family to which they belong, and the locality mentioned in which they were d. '-obtaine As one approaches Bent’s fort, he meets with many varieties of prairie gourd, (cucumis perennis;) that is abundant also from Bent’s fort to Santa Fé. We solanas, several] yarieties of cenothera, the martynia, the cleome, 3 7 "Te ‘ees, several varieties of populus; amongst which are the populus canadensis : P- monolifera; sevéral varieties of salix, and the plum and cherr | Amongst the animals, we have the panther, (felis concolor;) the wild cat, (felis rufa;). the white wolf, (canis nubilus;) the prairie eS et ee ee cae: og te = eee cies Moreen er | ra ¢ pateo borealis. ) There has also beehfound on the Arkansas, within — & et miles of Bent’s fort, a singular and but Tittle known bird, 7 + "gS oe ae yewts: S48 a wolf, (canis Jatrans;) the silver-grey ox, (canis cinerea argentus;). and the prairie fox, (canis velox;) prairie dog, (arctomys ludo- Viciana;) the gopher, (pseudostoma brissarius;) the antelope, (dicra- nocerus furcifer;) the grey bear, (ursus ferox;) also a species of -Vespertitia and species of ground-squirrel; it is said that there are. three different varieties. Along the Arkansas, where there is suffi- e Indians at the fort showed me a. racoon procyon Woodpecker, (picus erythrocephalus;) meadow lark, carnal s, molo- <- ed the pasana, (geococyx viaticus.) we : : : ee ee oh By = Sig 2k £7] RANUNCULACE. Santa Fé Delphinium azureum. Raton pass ‘Podophyllum peltatum. Woods near Kanzas riv er, and at Coun- «cil grove. ne acris. Near the Wakaroosa buttes. alicterum cornuté. Near Pawnee for Clematis Virginiana. Raton pass and the mountain passes near Anemone Peansylvaniana. Between “El Rio Cafiadian” and *¢ El Rio Moro.” _ ~Ranuneculus aquatalis. Found in the ‘Raton creek’? and head waters of the Purgatory creek. : MENISPERMACE. a Menispermum Canadense. Near ‘* Big John spring.” Arkemone Mexicana. First seen’ at “Pawnee fork,” thence on PAPAVERACE®. ! a9 ee ‘ Sanguinaria. Cones. Woods near the Missouri-and Kiw s. eee Ex ‘ CAPPARIDACE®.. Polenisia graveolens. Near ‘¢ Bent’s Fort,” and in the valley of . the Tim mpas. ; , ‘Cleone intequifolia. At Big Sandy creek,” “ Bent’s Fort,” and Caiiadian. eo. VIOLAcER: Dee cucullata. Banks of “ Pawnee fork.” . CARYOPHYLLACEZ. Lyctni Woods of Council grove. ty Ee Se oe PR eA eee See cg SMR BER. fe Me eg Ee gh Mee RNS Pie, ae, eS ONT, A age ee ee a es 4 ol gees 8 HYPERICE®, buat ypericum ellipticum, — August 11, _ PORTULACER. Par Ridicce classcet us “te road side from ‘ Pawnee fork” to : the crossing of the Arkansas ‘ 407 | C77 . | . LINACER, Linum regidum. From ‘* Pawnee fork” to “ Andesite crossing.” , / GERANICE. Geranium Frémontia. Occurs throughout the ‘* Raton pass.” OXALIDACER. — aotediell Oxalis violacea. Near Council grove ricta. From Kaw river © Council grove. ANACARDIACE®. Rhus glabrum. Bank ‘ Kaw river”? and Wakaroosa river. % radicans.. Woods at * Big John spring.”’ near R. aromatica. August 13. MALVACEA. oSheraleae stellata, Torr, and Gr. ‘*Raton pass” and “ Rio ana Sida cocei Malva pedata. Cotto an Sida, (new species.) August 17. “ d_El Rio Cafiadian, re - rkansas fee * 4 VITACE. Vitis estivalis. Along the srnateee 5 river and Purgatory rane _Tiparia. Stranger cree vulpina. 110 Mile creek. SMNACR EE, * ' . Ceanothus ovalis, var. intermedia, (Torr. and Gr.) Kaw river and Americanus. Fort Leavenworth. ; ACERACES. | -. Acer negundo. Banks of Pawnve fork. | ss ? - LEGUMINOSEA. ‘ : Astragalus. Bent’s fort and Ocaté creek. ee 7 Glycyrrhiza glabra. Arkansas river. ymnocladus Canads. Kaw ri Petalostemum, (new species. At * Ojo Vernal.” 4 seeasies esculenta. ‘110 Mile creek” and ate the. Atanas : ver 4 Robinia pseudo acacia. Purgatory oie near the Raton pass. Baptisia lencantha. As far as Pawnee Cassia chamecrista. First seen July 3, tieaite to the’ Arkansas crossin - Petalostemum candidum. High prairies, as far as Bent’s Fort. _ violaceum. With the preceding. ‘Psoralea floribunda. Pawnee fork. Dalea laxifolia. With the peas: Lathyrus linearis. August Amorpha canescens. Fort poate to Pawnee fork. _. Schrankia uncinata. Stranger creek to Arkansas crossing. Darlingtonia brachy-loba. ee fork and 110 Mile creek. Glycyrrhiza lepidota. August 1 Gomis Canads. Kanzas river. ROSACER. Cerasus Virginiana. Kanzas river, Arkansas river, and Purga- ’ ek. tor ' Frkearie Virginiana. Kaw river. : : Rubus occidentalis. Missouri river and Kaw river. 4 villosus. With the preceding. Prunus Amer. Pawnee fork, Arkansas wer and eae le : Craleane BOI” mci creek. ~ Rosa lucida: ~ Kaw riy = : = ONAGRACER. nothera. Several species occur from Kaw river to Bent’s Fort. ura coccinea. August 13. or LOASE®, < - Mentzelia ‘nuda. Bent’s Fort and valley of the Timpas. GROSSULARIACER. Ribes accreum. Purgatory creek and Timpas, near its head. triflorum. Diamond spring. ee eee ee pe eng PRE te Gee . . CACTACER. % dian iver ~ * Mammillaria sulcata. Near Burnen: fork. = — CORN ACEZ. a Cornus paniculata. Big John sprin . i stolonifera. Stranger. Se ae’ : - orida. Kaw river. ea, CoC er | a ag eo ai se) Vea Sle a " untia Missouriana. Pawnee fork; Purgatory creek, itd Cafia= 409° [7] ~CAPRIFOLIA. Symphoncarpus glomeratis. Purgatory creek. we occidentalis. With the preceding. Symphora racemosa. Big John spring. UMBELLIFERA. Sium latifolium. Diamond spring. __ Angelica. Head water, Purgatory creek. ’ Eryngium aquaticum. Near Wakaroosa creek. RUBIACE®. Galium tinctorum.+ Ponds near Lost spring. 4 Cephalanthus occidentalis. Stranger creek. COMPOSITS. Senecio (near) palustris. Raton. | . ilifolius, Bent’s fort to Santa Fé. Rudbeckia. hir j Erigeron Strigonium. Pawnee fork. pengrrnns a a . Creek; crossing, and - Bent’s fort i satage | Eurotia lanata. Rio Cafiadian to Santa Fé and south. -Frémontia vermiculs. Valley of the Timpas. | Grindelia Squarrosa. Arkansas river, near the crossing. Solidago altissima. Bent’s fort. olidago. Cotton-wood fork. Liatris spicata. Crossing of the Arkansas river. ad S - ' Mi phicin lacaanth a From Fort Leavenworth to Cottonwood. . Coreopsis tinctorea. Turkey creek to Bent’s fort. | Asters. With the preceding. +8 Gaillardia amblyodon. Plum buttes, and on the Moro. Mf re! With the preceding. (Leaves lanceo- : , ate.) Bee aso sq Efi d ay. piumatifida. == es yro es” é 9 tif: at “elianthus. Abundant from Coro creek to Santa Fé. ‘O's dentatus. At San Miguel. ; ERICACE®. Arctostaphylos uranasi. Council grove. — ie LOBELIACE. — . | Lobelia leptostacliza. Cottonwood fork. , ae 2 . cardinalis, Bent’s fort. —- ic Ret: 3 4 : ; “Mentha peperita. Bent’s CAMPANULACES. . Campanula rotundifolia, Raton pass. | - OLEACE®. Fraxinus Americanus. Ash creek. APOCYNACES. — androsacmifolium. Lost spring. ASCLEPIADACER. Asclepias verticillata. Stranger-creek and Pawnee fork. tuberosa.. Fort Leavenworth to Cottonwood fork. CONVOLVULACE#, Ipomea leptophylla. Walnut creek to the Canadian river. uscuta Americana. In the bottoms near the ‘$caches.”? Convolvyulus. (Near sepium.) August 1 Euploca convolvulacee. Raton pass. —_ BORAGINACE. Myosotis glomerata. Arkansas river, near caches. POLEMONIACE. Gilia (cautua) longiflora. Raton pass. an LABIAT. Hedeoma ae So Near crossing of Arkansas. Monarda fistulosa. Near caches, allophylla. 110 ee cals Cottonwood fork. Salvia azurea. aay ae? and New Mexico. —— Teucrium Virginicum. Pawnee fork. 4 " SOLANACES. : Solanum nigrum. ~~ fort. triflorum. Arkansas river, near crossing. Nycterum — From the caches to Bent’s fort. Physalis. August ‘ lob atum. “Near Bent’s: fort. 4 _ PR SCROPHULARIACES. Pedicularis canads. Near Pawnee fork. CHENOPODIACER. : Chenopodium album. From Fort Leavenworth to crossing. Frémontia vermicularis. Purgatory creek and Timpas. Artemisia. Purgatory creek. Obione canescens. Valley of the Timpas. _ Salicornia‘herbacea. Arkansas river crossing. VERBENACES. Verbena pinnatifida. Rio Canadian and Rio Rayado, . angustifolia. Little’ Arkansas river. Lippia cuneifolia. From Pawnee fork to Santa Fé. CUCURBITACE., Cucumis perennis. From Walnut creek to Santa Fé. NICTAGINEA. nll 3 ' ’ % . srienetti pecan a Oxybaphus, (new to me.) Torr. Slender branching spears. ‘‘Rio los Animas.” > : ait, q nictaginea. Raton and ‘Rio Canadian.’ POLYGONACE®. ; Erigonum. Walnut creek. oe : tomentosum. Council grove. Polygonum, (long lacerated sheath, no flowers.) Walnut creek. amphibium. Turkey creek. : LAURACER, g Laurus benzoin. Kaw river and Council grove. . EUPHORBIACES. Euphorbia marginata. Pawnee fork to Bent’s fort. _ Croton capitatum. Crossing of the Arkansas river. ; URTICACEE, | Humulus ieputie Raton pass and rag fiver: citeidpebet Morus rubra. _ Council grove and Kaw ) Urtica canadensis. Kaw river and Seranver creek. Be ULMACEE. sboge Ulmus Americana. Pawnee fork.. eiaxs! Celtis crassifolia. Woods at Council grove. gO * AMENTACE. Salix jongiiels. Council grove, 110 Mile creek. o flowers or fruit.) Arkansas river Perinten: sok es -Timpas, at head of Purgatory creek. anadensis. .From Kaw river to Santa Fé Torr. Rio Canadian. Salix ae Arkansas river. * Sa ee ee te oe CON IFERE. s, and from Purgatory acts Santa Fe. ay (d ifferent from Virginica.) Torrey. Near Santa Fé.) aie monophyllus. Raton pass to Santa Fé. dees rigida.. As above Re a3. 77 ‘HONOCOTYLEDONOUS OR ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. ALISMACE., Sagittaria sagittifolia, Head of Timpas. MELANTHACEX. Be Melanthuim Virginicum. Stranger creek and Wakaroosa river. 3 LILACE. Yucca angustifolia. From Bent’s fort to “Fra Cristobal. 2 Lilium- -tigrinum. Wakaroosa river ; Enstoma “Raseliana: Bottom of Afton eas and Cafadian. _ Alluim vienale? Raton pass. . . P a i JUNEACE: Juncus tenuis. Raton pass. COMMELINACES. Tradescantia Virginica. Fort Leavenworth to “110 Mile creek.?? osea. With the preceding. Commelina angustifolia. Pawnee rock and en pass. ‘ ong accuminated spatha.) Rat ‘ ’ i. ot rotundifolia. Kaw river, Council grove, and 110 Mile — Creek. : aa < CYPERACE®. x Scispus triqueter. Low grounds near Arkansas oie ae atrovirens. Pawnee fork. Beiras- filiculmis. Little Arkansas. ; rex festuca. Wakaroosa river. gor GRAMINEZ. Arundo phragmites. Arkansas, Timpas, and Canadian rivers. ‘ ‘ Keser ria dactyloides, Pawnee fort to Bent’s fort. aeibes A Se prey . “eit = p RG 7S Sbeelhe deshes F OG gs When he turnedioff from the Rio Grande, mines and the heads of the Gila river, I kept | miles to the south, and making a southern bend de, BbRoring the river became sensibly flatter and less Olnt*marked o 'S comparatively level, nded to the table land my wagons through, following a stream all the way, and descend- g in the 15 miles possibly a thousand feet. This was the head of Huaqui river, which empties into the California gulf. I was i aloupe. {| I then passed an unbroken country, about 80 miles, when I fell | Upon the José Pedro river, which empties into the Gj a1 & . = = most sehsiblesid experienced of these men, Laroux, who livesin Taos, New Mexico, and who had trapped on the Gila and passed in a ‘different direction over that country, was decidedly of this opinion,| but his knowledge, on the othexhand, was sufficient e. coe to, “wie (ex lore ity i in my situation, on account of scarcity of w i6 Grande bottome ‘fora hundred miles eh N at the point where I left, are well timbered; there~is no timber on thef _giable land, save upon the .small mountains which are everywhere he seen; this is cedar and pine, but of small growth. Rock is ~ everywhere to to be had, secondary rocks of almost every kind; but “by this wonderfully level route, the continent may be: passed ‘with scarcely a view of granite. As far as Tueson the gramma grass is} abundant; it will fatten cattle while working, and in winter. The _ route from Tueson pauses through a. country abounding in exceed Aingly rich gold min ‘ 2 Se very respectllly, sir, your obedient. ser: pats : P..ST. GEO. COOKE, ~ -- 7 |. Major 2d Dragoons. z ol i & an eae ee eee ie ; Se a aor, Se | bed ns ‘ fy: & “ ce 2 it — i seen sI8 eo FAERIE : Seniinnidaiiininie iene be = r > q en - —_ a ER a 113 112° I’ <2 fa Co —— ; : a3 a 121° 120° Be 7 Nt N 9 108° 107 106 105° 3 é g = fi ma 5 ¢ a 2 3 mn » ae —— ——— ‘ aa 5 5 B000F! ~ | ee SS = a eran annesen “ ae 5 2 z s 6000) dt rr = 5 ~ : = 8000 F 5000, = = + ; FS = = o 7000 1000 4 - - +s = CREPE 60007 7 t S- = = Hy 5 6000 oda — = ; ——— ar = 2 SS t é = 3 . spon 7 2000 a ™ SS SES te . - : 2 = 1000 FORT LEAVENWORT 1000 — — ’ ’ T s ee ) ) MDT PD ; yi : , ? = — eas 2006 BAROMETRIC PROFIL iE of the route {tr 1 T CS i a tae att es Saat ror ‘ort re ror an . . : 1 ae : : AIA , = F s ie ale n Fort Levenworth to Camp of Oct? l4"" the last Station on the Rio del Nort z im eage , epee i | é 5 Z - 8000F! aS as S 2 = e 4 Ekony, 7000\ u a = S 5 x uu = Be 6000} ae Rhee _ — o es 3 = = 6 00 oe 5000 |_ — a — 3 S isa 2 g. g 5 ope Gt 4000\— —_-—-——_—_ — — = ms — —— + & ¢ : o RS gooo|____= pag Sl |, = = 4 — — ail ; = ae ps 2000 | == ae <= - # S Val l I Rao PS = al aaa ———————_— | Ae ae AO00| me | urna tes Iie - ~ ta = - ie pe ae : “ — a Sa = ener = SS - LL cdl = 4 8S pre ——— = = | | 3000 f ; = en TTI : Lae ees - re 2000 < A L_ ee ae | 1000 BAROME TRIC PROFILE of ; | : KH of the route fr > R : 1 : : ae from the Rio del } Yorte to San Diego on the Pacific. | Ye Per | | Lt, E ours ead Ae | Phe . X | = ua | ~ the Bend RE oe Ma | } a Some | | | air eee aoe —}— a for \ | | | Po eee Bre re ay ee say oe 4 \ | | | Be i 1 By | — | | \ e 286 3 — A R fe | | | \ | | | sid | | | ‘ | TABLE or GHOGRAPHIC. if, POSITIONS | | Qyip_the route pursued by the Army of the W Tag t? Ae HAN } | | ree en 5 A pe ee _—- —— = = = — - is S Aug 2nd Ade } | | | =k ae Se psa Dist.in Miles from 1 7 24:4... J. on W , i SS = y | | | | | | Places of O! servation __|Fort Leavenworth N Lent pam | meArt | Authorities 3rd. A761 4 } or = —-— a = — sees { / | Boas Ibao.. 2 ees HI Bye ee | | | | Fort Leavenworti if | do 21 [4 | 6-16 _ 56 | 94_44_ 00 | a d | | Camp of June 3 eg M4 sie L 08 | 6- 20_ 08 | | WH. Emory | a | | | | eave ot h. Big John Spring 124 I8_39_ 28 | 6. 24_ 58 | | | eee ae | | | , } July Ft h Diamond Spring 144 : | 6_ 26-09 | \ : | es , _ July 6ti Re Wood & 173 301 6 - 28.07 | | | P29 epee | | | " » July Ut "he rhansas h MNO = sho} GE | ; | Yor ee ly ' | 3 , July 130)" Pawnee lork 288 10°| 6. 35_41 | | ——__ a | , uly 19th ’ Jacksons Gro e 332 38°] Sheen | | | | i. +——— Bae | ie » July 221 id. Arkansas R | 118 39° | 12 _ 299 | | : | | | t o 5 July 250m “3 | 482 O6 \e 26n a4. | | | | ua h. Bents Fort | SOL 3 = . I o Suly 30% a 1 52 . 04 _ 4 | xe | | y 411 oa Timpas cr. | IIB TA | 54 _06 | 4 Ay Z y | | | | | 5 Aas Sil Purgatory | 651 59 56 7 | : \ \y if | , Aug. 6th|\ae 5" a LOT | peg bie Pat : : | % rans | eg F , Aug. 70\ Canadian FR | 685 3A 56.59 | | fe ge eoero| Wageeron 115 50 56 39 | \ | | | r i Aug 121 f i the Pools | 165 2] 59-49 | | | ’ » Aug. 14i\pe (9S | Ihe 05: 17_ 00.46 | \ ES | | ana Ist 1. Vernal Springs | Bll 19 01-23 | \ at | | { | sees , Santa Fee 873 ‘Al 06") 7_ 04.10 | 106°. 2'_ 39' hah | | nek gg | | | | SoaETD h.kio Del Norte, | | | DOES | ' o mill Ocow 5 Filippe | IH 35-25 30°| 7 _ 06_18.2|106° 340 Ne | TaN = = | | | | ‘ sk ee 4. Rio Del Norte | ed Cas ov Prot He of \ ra — ot | | , » sept Li, %i , ey s, S » rx a Cary ip ee Pe eet i i om is 36-2017 07 00 |106° 45" 00° : e 1 ae i we Sept. 61 Wages + Oe | E 34-50. 57 | 7 _ 07 _ 0843) 106°. 47'_ 064 ; | : +) Seh.30 Mh. near Peralta 959 34° 48" 33°| 7_ 07_1421\1062 LW EES ey . ; | , Rech Deyn 4, te Rio Det Norte, | | : 4 | — pee AE ‘J oat V4? pat aguln eeae open Ate 3? SU | ; Meeps elon Lamitar | 1011 S42 072 399 Forme | 106° 58 84 3 V/ 1 \ | | | Oct? 15 th. Ist. Camp atter | | ( Embud | | ” , ct. © i 4 : | . oe 5 = i , imbuda | | | \ , » leaving ie oe ee Nort | 116 32_ 5504 | NOP Rie 16 i + . ‘ \ - | } 20446 | , ¢ | \ eae ; Na Pe oe A oe 3 pcre | 1369 IE AY) 2 OP OS MDA ee a) ; —{ | | | Ny 7 Jhsappouttinent 3. bo RAY| 7 92 2) af} : " | ay | ie oe | ¥ > Wov. 2ni on the san Podro ee ie Ae Ks r 7 oA Me 5 gs pete | x Lion sea | We | i | | | i! » Nov. 5t on the Gil ; se ee Ae a bie aes 19.5 |0° 19 53 | ’ S. Tsidopove *) \ 4 - | | pea De | | | F » Nov. 8 , A oo 33— 05 - 10 7 24.2562\\ 11213" 30 i D | \ F \ ) | | | We ae if f + ext \ ioe 4 G3 04 211 727 O38 871" 25’ 54 | | S$ max ] I | LAN ioe Bl eee ee | | naa i’ between Pijmo te | eee) a i 3 a \ \ | P . r $ : | 2 aed wae - 7 1? 7 13 A \ : ra os | L017 mee S2O.8 IZ ; O/ TLS a r ? ihe | ' 5 ya aa ie ] | » > Nov bt. | wthne Gila 1561 31 _ 20 |112° 50°_ Ol tig | | \ | 204 | | » 4 Nov. 17t hee 1600 33 416) 113° 25'_ 25° % ! 7 | ! » + Nov. 19th. Isl? on the Gila 1639 GOOD 7) MG ov, I ; . hs | | » Nov. 21° } onthe Gila | 1665 37 228) 114 20'_ 43° \ | | i | | | | ¥ « Nov. 227 \a@t. 18 miles south | ee | | oe | | | » 4 of then south of Rio Gila 1687 322 42" 09'| 7 _ 38 286) A” 37" 09" saa y : ‘ Sie rh | | | | 4 » Nov. 25t) v) Ist. Camp after | | A s an oO | o , n re oO ; » (a | | : C> | | I 3 | | | ’ » leaving the R. Colorado 1709 32-40 22°| 7 99. 458\ 114° 56’. 28 : | | 340K | 50/4 | | ‘ », Nov. 28° © Cariso Greek 1786 DDG 7 ~ 44. 24.6) 116°. 06'_ 09" ; p / » | . | » «+ Nov. 29t hi Vallo Gtron | 1802 3 7 2 45222. 7\ 116° 20'. 40" / | j | te | ! eee | 2 / Vik TTR RW Way, , CH ; f los 4 ageie xe | | | * 1, Deo. 2na inp Warners Rancho 1837 33 7 _ 46_348\ 116° 36'_43” | | f MILD TARY RECONN. 1S SAR ly | ¥ } iy i | | | } | » « Dec! 5th Battle Gr“ of the ith 1887 33 \03' 42)" ee LAN A039. 291). | i | epee V ‘i | | \ | pall a | | ! yr» SanDieg o Public Square 1916 32° 45° 00"| 7 CmaANT ite I= 00%: *| | Jarralles of GusaColoeat Vi OD AP IEHD \ i | f rT P4 . . > ! Abe F ° Casa 1OTAd | i) | ” » Note. 7) ie following Camps were omitted in their proper position in the! above table f OOS / 4 y - Y a Y \ \ | | + + Oct. th) Vest Bk.R. Del Norte 1048 33° 4119 | 7 _ 08.14 107° 03' 357 | é : “ aARKA NSAS RIO DiI NOR Th, RIO GILA n) as | | : D » Oct. Ith Bast BeRDel Norte 83° 20’ 02| 7_ 08_ 57 \1072 4’ ik | = ; pay i es \ 4A cae, ‘Towson | f — ”, ’ . . 7 . wso . > Cae | - The Lorn jzitude of Fort Leavenworth is from. Nicollet, and that of San Diego Gran Quivira Saye i + ear Rs \ \ | a | from S$ ‘ir, Edw* Belcher , the Latitudes are by W™ H. Emory F ee as | Kd | idw é ; f ; TMOry > et THERES oe) et Re xy Ap po Fi et es | — = eae ee Y EE MORY Liner top lorespor e | < m Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe’ by Lieut? JW. Ae" dina “W.Gal eck, and from bs Sand) mye : f — ) | Ps | € 10 San Lego on the Pacific by Lieu! W. H. Warner’ and Mr.Norman Bestor, \ (6G * c / | | aoe Raps. : : : ; os gers ayy pee Le 4 ta | Mn, | | Made in 16467; with the advance guard of the Ary ¥ Of the West. f | 2 j c ¢ 5 TNT , . ~ 33 | a | UNDER COMMAND OF : ; DHA. a: A, ed CXS sea e > ATR” | | DRI. GEN. STEPH. W. KEARNY | | 5 \ { f w | Constructed under the orders of | %: | aa Sd COL. J.J. ABERT. | SPY: — Ch. Corps Top. Eng” ae | Orps fep Eng pes 3 — _Sunitntand 5 WR ; Dp oxi 4 ce irapy, | “ Nancheria dj las ¢ tovas Fito Knob fg 4 | : ele ' i aa s ‘ Drawn by Joseph Welch Gee \ | = CY Ranph erst Nov si Saddle Back Pk R ‘ ae DA z } Merta dela} unta & we YA | \y A 4 2 ae | : ; | f 4 | 4810 Oct. 13 ange 3 | | = | 1a = } ‘ ( I I 1D Ss a | 4 Zit i Rs, SHE Tot in he bo M'Graham., ; : | 32° | 4 | a : me ae ct. 1¢ | | | = | ae | Ng No Water Fe, 2 « pe \ oy ; on T 57 a i} + | i " Me S 2 ( 0 st S ies | 2 x a | XN ic cs | (9 : In ov Mr 7 c + water | : Tuc to be an open Prarie p~ a good route if . Be bend Wa oe | Po Vs Y 10 2, a ae | | a \ yz. é 7 5 ei . pe 3 od i a ae ate ae oe Payee! Me Sterra Grande, the Gran Quivira Region 1 th CT) =a ) TIOULATIES, WAS Thade Lieu t Tt and Peck. of the 7 oe UNE ¢ cto Pybr, : aries, was rade \by Lieu yert and Peck, of the Corps of Top? Eng" “ the Rio Pyereo a ul its a i ; ten F ‘ "3 : Me The Numbers which octeur he M . x Se ICeUY On | Ne Map at certain points, represent the , . S } . “ose pouts infeet abpve the level of the Sea, as indicated an ie ge ights of V4“ , { fy ‘ ‘Ometer 4 ; er ae ¥ te, % Denotes the points delermi nd by Astronomical Obser vation : ¥ oa a Be On 7 ne anta Cruz Mountain le is SCAR) \ We oa , ‘ ‘ : s% Gee Es The dotted elevations on the }’p Wile, are Ranches on the right and lett of the Tri) | Wea ” are not measured, and the hesthts represented are therefore not to be es a ‘ Trail, they Sal eed upon . arent He Route from Rio ,7rande to Pimo Village, explored) ana he Bi ee = : S over which he conducted his Battalion and trat Ba ‘ ; i Y Lieut” Col Cog, | ; > a7 ol Wagons to the Pacific OOKE, being th vat 0 0 Seale of Statute Miles \ a ry ray > 0 F ; ; , a oe | i N 7 CF Scale of Metres | ; ‘ { ; i f ee ease 2m ey ae: | : a eas | ski ee ¥ - “te | 119° 110 109° me = — ee 3 | j ut | : | o bik. Dik ae onl : oO