al wb BA Ü ⁄A py et / B Wor ES Ü cis bo ma 2 i A Que z Leeri i rii PART V. —— EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR A RAILROAD ROUTE FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. WAR DEPARTMENT. ROUTE NEAR THE THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL, EXPLORED BY LIEUTENANT A. W. WHIPPLE, ‘TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS, IN 1853 AND 1854, REPORT THE BOTANY OF THE EXPEDITION. WASHINGTON, D. C. 1856. CONTENTS. No. 1. —— GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BOTANICAL CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. BY J. M. BIGELOW, M. D. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS ALONG THE ROUTE | TRAVERSED. SECTION 1. Napoleon, on the Mississippi, to Fort Smith, | Sxcrion 6. Valley of Zuñi. Arkansas | 8 š ECTION 7. San Francisco Valley. SECTION 2. Fort Smith and Valley River. SECTION 8. Santa Maria Valley. SECTION 3. Llano Estacado. SECTION 9. Valley of the Colorado. SECTION 4. Tucumcari and Pecos Valleys. | Section 10. Mojave Valley. SECTION 5. Rio Grande Valley. | SECTION 11. Los Angeles Valley. No. 2. DESCRIPTION OF FOREST TREES. BY J. M. BIGELOW, M.D. — FOREST TREES ALONG THE ROUTE TRAVERSED. Pinus (Abies) Douglasii 一 Douglas Spruce. Juniperus Virginiana—Red Cedar. Pinus (Abies) Balsamea—Balsam Fir. Algarobia Glandulosa— Mezquit. Pinus Brachyptera—Yellow Pine. Populus Monilifera —Cotton Wood. Pinus Edulis—Piñon š Quercus. Pinus Flexilus—Rocky Mountain White Pine. DESCRIPTIONS OF VALUABLE OR REMARKABLE CALIFORNIA FOREST TREES. Pinus Lambertiana—Sugar Pine. | Taxus Canadensis—Yew. Wellingtonia Gigantea. Pinus Sabiniana—Sabines Pine. 3equoia Sempervirens—Red Wood. Pinus Insignis—Seal Pine. Libocedrus Decurrens—White Cedar, Pinus—An undetermined species. VI CONTENTS. No. 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ۰ BY GEORGE ENGELMANN, M. D., OF ST. LOUIS, AND J, M. BIGELOW, M. D. Mamillaria, Haw. e i Cereus, Haw. Echinocactus, Link. Opuntia, Tourn. EXPLANATIONS OF THE PLATES OF THE 0۸07۸03 | No. 4. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERAL BOTANICAL COLLECTI ONS. BY JOHN TORREY. ie. Ranunculaceae Rosaceae Berberidacese. Calycanthacez Papaveraceze Lythracee ariacez. Onagraces Cruciferz. Grossulaceze Capparidacez. Cucurbitaceae Violacez. Hypericaceze Crassulaceze Caryophyllacez 1 Whipplea, Nov. Gen Sterculiacez. Umbellife y Linaceæ Cornaceæ Geraniaceæ. Caprifoliaceæ Oxalidaceæ. Rubiaceæ em. Valerianacex Rutacem. .. - ا‎ E EEO ویو‎ T Composite, (by A. Gray.) Anacardiaces. Aphantocheta, Nov. Gen. Vitaceae. | e Pugiopappus, Nov. Gen. Aceracez. Syntrichopappus, Nov. Gen. Sapindacez. Lobeliacez. Celastraceze. Campanulacez. Mesembryanthemacem. Plantaginacez, (by A. Gray.) Frankeniaceze. Plumbaginacez. Polygalacez. Styracaceze Leguminosa. Orobanchaces, (by A. Gray.) CONTENTS. VII Scrophulariacez, (by A. Gray.) Myricacex. Bignonia—Sesamex, (by A. Gray.) | Cupulifera. Verbenaceae | Salicaceæ Labiatæ | Urticacee. Boraginacez. , Hesperocnide, Nov. Gen. Hydrophyllacez. | 0001٥۵۰ Polemoniaces. : Lemnacezx. Gentianaces Typhacee. Convolvulacez. Naiadacea Solanaceae. Juncagineo Asclepiadacez. Alismaceæ Jun Aristolochiaceze. 114868, ۹ Chenopodiaceae. Melanthacez. thacez. Scoliopus, Nov. Gen. yctaginex. Liliaceae : Polygonaceae. Stropholirion, Nov. Gen. Acanthoganum, Nov. Gen. Odontostomum, Nov. Gen Lauraceae. A Thymelaceze. Smi Santalacew. Orchidaceae Loranthaceæ. Cyperaceæ ۱ G inem. Callitrichaceæ. onroa, Nov. Gen. Datiscaceæ. Ly iaceæ Euphorbiaceæ. Equisetaceæ Garryaceæ. Filices. Platanaceæ. Salviniaceæ. Betulaceæ. DESCRIPTION OF THE MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. BY W. 8. SULLIVANT, Esq. ` — Mesci. 一 Hedwigiex, Weissieæ. ; Polytriche:e, ۲ icre $ Bryea. Fessidentex. 3 Funariew. Trichostomex. * Fonti * Pottiex. Le Orthotricheze. Hypneæ Grimmieæ. HEPATICE. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. TOO AER AA A A‏ ںی ت سر فا ر ے 277 0] i No. 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION or THE BOTANICAL CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. BY J. M. BIGELOW, M. D. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS ALONG THE ROUTE TRAVERSED. WASHINGTON, D. C., August, 1854. Sir : In compliance with your instructions, I have the honor to submit to you a report on the forest trees, the productions of the soil, and its capacity for sustaining a civilized population, o the railroad route near the 35th parallel, over which you had comman Very respectfully, JOHN M. BIGELOW. Lieut. A. W. WHIPPLE, Topographical Engineer, U. S. A., in charge of exploration for railroad route near the 35th parallel. SECTION I. Napoleon, on the Mississippi, to Fort Smith, Arkansas.—From Napoleon to Fort Smith, our way being on steamboat, I could, of course, give but a limited account, either of its forests or of its soil. The banks of the river were densely lined with timber-trees of great variety. Among the kinds observed we particularly noticed the black walnut, sweet-gum, (liquid ambar styraciflua,) pecan, white ash, three kinds of elms, five or six species of oaks, Osage orange, and sassafras, with their dark green foliage ; all most luxuriant and beautiful. At Little Rock, among some of those just mentioned, we saw the American holly, (Ilex opaca,) spice-wood, and June berry, (Amelanchier canadensis.) Near Piney Point, at the Sugar-loaf mountain, as well as on our route in the Indian Territory, was found whisk was considered to be Pinus mitis, the common yellow pine of the southern States, quite different from the one in New Mexico, known there by the same common name. We also observed, in passing, witch- hazel, hop-horn beam, birch, Kentucky coffee-bean, honey-locust, black Md. sour-gum, red- bud, didas. salle dogwood, blackberry, &c., &c., all indicating a soil of the utmost fertility. It is unnecessary to extend the list عم‎ the "e seen from the boat, as the botany of this country has been described and is well known, having been visited by Nuttall, and other eminent naturalists and botanists. Section II. Fort Smith to Valley river.—The range of country embraced between these two points is about four hundred and sixty miles. The western limit of this section is some distance west of the line between Texas and the Indian reservation. Consequently, it embraces - ` TF 2 BOTANY. the entire limits of the Indian Territory, from east to west. It constitutes a most natural division, being in nearly its whole breadth a beautiful and fertile country, of vast agricultural capacity, and of sufficient dimensions for forming two or three large and magnificent States. The eastern portion is densely covered with timber, of the same varieties and qualities as those enumerated between Napoleon and Fort Smith. The western portion has by no means so great a variety, being mostly grassy plains, with intersections of timber along the streams, arroyos, and ravines. The celebrated “Cross Timbers” is situated along and crosses our line of survey, extending some distance north, and, according to Captain Marcy, about two hundred miles south of it. The streams are Sans Bois creek, Gaines” creek, Topofki creek, Deer creek, False Washita, Walnut creek, Dry creek, Valley creek, &c., with their various tributaries, as also others of the Canadian and Washita rivers. Near old Fort Arbuckle, and in the vicinity of the ** Cross Timbers,” the scenery is most beautiful and picturesque. Belts of timber crossing the more elevated plateaux in various directions many times, at right-angles with each other, give them the appearance of vast cultivated fields, formed on a scale of great magnificence, stretching away in every direction as far as the eye can reach. The same beautiful views were noticed in the vicinity of Delaware Mount, near the centre of the Indian territory. The first appearance of the celebrated ‘‘ grama-grass’’ was here noticed, opposite Little river, a small branch from the north side of the Canadian, in about longitude 96? west. This import- ant grass is found, in greater or less abundance, from this point across the continent, or as far as to the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, which, where we crossed it with our line of survey, was not far from the Pacific shore. The great importance of these western prairie grasses, of which we have several species besides this and the buffalo grass, consists in their retaining their nutritive qualities the whole year round, sustaining the life and condition of the beast of the traveller, thereby enabling them to pursue their journey at leisure at all seasons of the year. Were it otherwise, much hazard would be encountered, as it is impossible to transport forage in sufficient quantities to supply a long train over a country of such vast extension. When the tops of these grasses become dry, the stems near their roots retain their vitality and nutritive juices until the plains are again renovated with a new crop. Many of our farmers express a wish to introduce the culture of these grasses at home; but it is to be presumed, from the pecu- liarities of their situation, that they are only well سفن‎ to the arid climates, where they are found in their native state. The trees in the western portion of this region consist of several species of oak, black walnut, cotton-wood, buck-eye, elm, mulberry, and a few cedars. Helianthi, Convolvulacee, Euphor- biacese, Vernonie, Eupatorie, with shrubby and herbaceous Rp are common in this region. The Wild China, (Sapindus Marginatus,) common all over Texas, was found here. Mirabilis, (Marvel of Peru,) Evening primrose, Ambrosia, Silphium, (rosin plant,) Golden rods, &c., are abundant on the plains. American and Chickasaw plums are quite common on the banks of the Canadian and other streams, but on the plains is found a small shrub, bearing in abundance what is called prairie plums, which is probably undescribed. A considerable number of cactacese, which always indicate a dry climate, begin here to make their appearance, especially when we come into what appropriately may be termed the grama- grass region. Among them I recognised Opuntia Macrorhiza, (?) having tuberous roots, which appears to be quite extensively diffused in this region. One very similar, if not the same, was detected as far east as Fort Smith. A plant nearly allied to O. Engelmanni was collected at Delaware Mount. The little Cereus cespitosus, so common in lower Texas, was also found here in great abundance. We were sorry not to find a flower or fruit of this pretty little plant, which would have enabled us to solve some obscure points in the natural history of the unique and interesting tribe of plants to which it belongs. The cactaceae have not heretofore been well studied in the United States, Dr. Engelmann, of St. Louis, being almost the only botanist who has paid any special attention to them. Nip — VeL tb Ee AE او‎ dite dart ege, e A E SEDA EC DIME e St i E emen c et v ES n نی کے و کے سے da a m.‏ APA SS BOTANY. 8 The whole of this region from Fort Smith to Valley river is eminently calculated to sustain a large population. Although the soil itself, probably, is not as rich as that of Arkansas, yet the ease of raising stock, for which few other countries are better adapted, and the exemption from sickness, will greatly counterbalance this difference. Water, in most places, will be found abundant for all agricultural purposes. In some places, however, especially on the head-waters of the Washita and Red rivers, it is quite brackish, being impregnated with the salts of lime and magnesia, but not sufficiently so to prevent it from being used for domestic purposes. Should a purer kind be required for railroad uses, I presume it can be obtained from the Canadian, which appears to be much more free from mineral impregnation. SECTION III. Llano Estacado.—It would seem proper to include in this region the space on our route between Valley river and Fossil creek, near Tucumcari hills. This is a dry, and generally timberless tract of country, extending over a distance of about one hundred and ninety miles. Over this region, and the western portions of the last, immense herds of buffaloes range at certain seasons of the year, but they evidently make no prolonged stay here ; passing from the waters of the Arkansas and Canadian rivers, south, to those of Red river and its trib- utaries, and thence back again. If not in these days, they formerly ranged south as far as the waters of the Brazos, Colorado, and other Texan rivers, where there are vast hunting grounds for the great Comanche and Kioway tribes of Indians. The noble wild animal upon which these red men of the plains mainly subsist is already becoming greatly diminished in num- bers, by the restraints of the settlements, and by the military occupancy of their grounds. Certainly the manifest destiny of the Indian is to disappear from the face of the earth, and become extinct, unless he conform to the usages and habits of civilized life, which at present seems quite improbable. Along the banks of arroyos, or dry creeks, may be found a few alamos ; and under the northern and eastern bluffs of the Llano Estacado, and detached surrounding hills, may be found Piñon pine, (Pinus edulis,) and two kinds of cedars. They are, probably, too much stunted and shattered by the prevailing winds to form very useful timbers. Itis to be remarked, that the wind blows with tremendous force over these immense denuded plains, and this, we have reason to believe, is one great cause of the destitution of timber in this region. In confirmation of this opinion is the fact, that wherever the least shelter by a bluff or rock is afforded, the modest cedar will rear its head, thankful, as it were, for this partial protection. The stature of the tree appears to be limited to the height and amount of shelter it thus receives. The timber that may be needed for railroad purposes here, will have to be supplied from other districts each way, probably from the Indian territory on the east, and the mountains of the Pecos and Rio Grande on the west, where timber of excellent t quality abounds, and from whence it can be easily procur diui i E Ea Although eem, is abundant, yet the scarcity of ee will greatly lessen its value a as an. uu cultural district. Very little of this. indispensable element is to be found, See along the course of the larger rivers. However, during the more moist seasons of the year, sheep can be grazed, without doubt, over large tracts of this district; as in New Mexico they are driven, herded, and grazed, hundreds of miles from their usual places of abode. Sheep can be grazed a much greater distance from water than cattle or horses. So that when the country between the Eastern States and New Mexico comes to be settled, the difficulties from the depredation of Indians obviated, and security established, this country may prove highly valuable for grading purposes. This is more emphatically the region of cacti than the one just left on the east. The singular and rather pretty, but formidable Opuntia arborescens, described by Dr. Engelmann, is first found here. It extends west as far as Zuñi, and in southern Texas as low as Presidio del Norte. In this region were found several new and undescribed species, which will be described in another and more appropriate form. The piñon, or nut pine of New Mexico, here first makes its appearance, and is presumed to be its eastern limit, extending west as far as the Sierra A l BOTANY. Nevada mountains of California. The real grass-leaved dasylirion was first seen here, on the bluffs of the Llano Estacado. It is identical with the one found on the San Pedro, or Devil's river, in Texas. There is another species, with the leaves and habit somewhat of a Yucca, named D. graminifolia, I suppose because it does not resemble a grass. A rosaceous shrub (Cerco carpus) and a shrubby oak (Q. Emoryi?) are also common under the bluffs. We have not now the means at hand to determine whether they are the same as occur in lower Texas and New Mexico. Eriogoneze, another characteristic tribe of plants peculiar to dry climates, begin here to make their appearance in considerable numbers. Mentzelias and asteroid composites are also quite abundant. An Ephedra, much used as a diuretic, especially for horses, was first seen here. The genus is also common in lower Texas, where I know two or three distinct species of it. Section IV. Tucumcari and Pecos Valleys.—Although the waters of these two valleys flow into the Gulf of Mexico, by widely-separated channels, yet they may well be considered in one dis- trict—being included in the space of about one hundred and seventy miles, from Fossil creek to the dividing highlands between the Rio Pecos and Rio Grande del Norte. At Tucumcari we have a broad, beautiful, and fertile valley, abounding in most luxuriant grasses, and extending north to the Canadian, but its exact limits we had not time to explore. Although the timber is somewhat scarce, yet, ascending the hills on either side, cedars and piñon become much more abundant, and both attain a higher stature than on the Llano Esta- cado. Along the banks of the streams there are a few cotton-woods and box-elders of very pretty size. "The Gallinos, whose outlet is south into the Pecos by narrow defiles near our line, is a beautiful, bold, clear, running stream, affording water at all seasons of the year, while the Tucumcari and Pajarito creeks, in the immediate vicinity of the Tucumcari hills, flowing north into the Canadian, will afford water doubtless nearly all the year. At any rate, when we passed, (21st September,) there was plenty, flowing in a rapid, turbid stream. The water of Laguna Colorado, which is near, or forms, the sources of these streams, is somewhat brackish. We collected here, for the first time, specimens of another shrubby cactus, (Opuntia frutes- cens,) which is so abundant all over southern New Mexico and Texas, as far south as Eagle Pass and San Antonio. It is a very ornamental species, especially when loaded with its scarlet berries. On the hills in this region were found, and collected, several new mamillaria ; beautiful flowering and fruiting specimens of which are now growing in the Congressional . gardens, in Washiagion, Opuntia Engelmanni, which is probably the most widely spread of the whole tribe of شوہم‎ cactaceze, was first detected in the rocky cañons of the Gallinos. Fallugui paradoxa and Fendlera rupicola, two beautiful shrubs, are common here ; both of them common to Texas also. "There are, likewise, several other Texan plants in this region, among them a Parthenum, Thymophylla greggi, and a great variety of leguminous and asteroid plants. Several species of eriogonic also make their first appearance here. As their geographical limits extend westwardly some distance, most of the eriogonise which were collected here will most probably prove to be those which are figured, and well characterized, by my excellent friend . Torrey, in Captain Sitgreaves’ report of the Zuñi expedition. As we proceed a little further west, we come to the Pecos valley, where, in addition to the piiion and cedars met with before, and already mentioned, we find pine trees of a majestic size, (Pinus brachyptera, Engl.,) that are as valuable for timber as almost any in the wor The Pecos river is here clear and rapid, its malo pure and sweet, forming quite a contrast to those at the several crossings from San Antonio to El Paso, where they are always turbid, brackish, and disagreeable. Indeed, by some travellers on its lower borders, and on some maps, this river, from these circumstances, has acquired the name of Puerco, the Spanish appellation for muddy waters. There, its valley, for hundreds of miles, is a blank and dreary waste, with scarcely a shrub to relieve the eye of the traveller ; here, its fertile banks are dotted with innumerable small plantations, and towns, so directed of New Mexico. This river, with the Gallinos, will form a — supply of water for the erection of all BOTANY. 5 kinds of mills and machinery, when the time for such wants has arrived. These considerations, in connexion with the fact of its forming a middle and connecting link between the Atlantic and Pacific shores, give it a high degree of interest at the present time. The region is large enough for a State of the first magnitude, and contains all the natural elements of self-sustenance, excepting, probably, commerce. The difficulties which alone now prevent this district, and that of the valley of the Rio Grande, from rising to its proper scale of importance, will in a great measure be obviated as soon as any Pacific railroad is established and finished. Should any other route than this be adopted, the road, either north or south, can be easily tapped, so as to diffuse its beneficial influences to this whole country. The quality of the soil, though not equal to that of the Indian territory west of Arkansas, is superior to that of the Rio Grande valley, either in New Mexico or Texas. It is probably as well adapted to sheep grazing as any other country in the world. There can be no doubt, when properly settled, and easy communi- cations can be safely had with the great Eastern States and with California, that it will prove equal, also, to any other country, as a resort for consumptive invalids. Section V. Rio Grande Valley.—W hat there is to be remarked of this valley will be brief, because it is an old and well known region, having been settled by the Spaniards about three hundred yearsago. Gregg’s Commerce of the Prairies gives a vivid, and generally truthful, view of this country, and its capabilities for agricultural productions. There is not time now, nor indeed is it in place, to enter into a comparative view of the adaptation of this country to con- sumptive invalids, with those of foreign countries, or with other places in the United States ; but little is hazarded in asserting, that in no long time this, and the upper Pecos valley, will become one of the most important and eligible places in the whole world for such purposes. As soon as communications with the Eastern States and California become speedy, cheap, and regular, as well as free from the danger with which they are at present attended, and when the ordinary means and comforts of living are easily and cheaply procured, so as to come within the reach of the yeomanry of the land, a trip and sojourn to this country will form as pleasant an excursion as to any part of our country can, and many an invalid will then avail himself of the recuperative influences of this climate. The summer heat is greatly modified by the peculiar aridness of the atmosphere, which, by rapidly carrying off the perspiration before it has time to accumulate to any sensible degree, cools the surface of the body, and makes the summer truly delightful, especially to an invalid. The winter is mild, being screened from the penetrating winds of the north by intervening mountains. The terrible norther, so well known and dreaded by the inhabitants and travellers in lower Texas, is not known here. Many invalids who at present resort to San Antonio for their health, experience various bad effects from the sudden changes of the weather, resulting mainly from those ** northers.”” The width of the Rio Grande valley, at the point where we crossed it (which was at Albu- . querque) from the dividing ridge between it and the Pecos, and the highlands or mountains between its waters and those flowing westward into the Gulf of California, is about one hun- dred and seventy miles. Its length in the Territory of New Mexico is embraced between about the thirty-second and thirty-eighth degrees of north latitude ; which, with its tortuous course, would give it a length of about four hundred and thirty miles. This of course embraces a great variety of climate, independently of the effect produced by the highly elevated ranges of mountains which partly environ it on the east and west. - The soil is well adapted to the cultivation of all the finer fruits and vegetables, as well as the cereals ; but it requires irrigation. Grapes, apricots, pears, and melons, are produced in the utmost perfection and abundance. The grapes, especially, are far superior to any that can be cultivated at home, in the open air. Beets, sweet potatoes, and pumpkins do equally well, if not better than in the Eastern States. But the Irish potato does not succeed, excepting in the mountainous regions. On account of the cost of irrigation, wheat and corn cannot be raised as cheaply as in the Western Atlantic States ; nevertheless, by irrigation they do very well, and large quantities of both are produced. _ 6 BOTANY。 Section VI. Valley of Zuñi.—In this region, we would embrace the scope of country between the summit of the Sierra Madre, or mountains bordering the Rio Grande valley on the west, and Mount San Francisco ; the principal and pervading stream of which is the Colorado Chi- quito, a tributary of the Colorado Grande, or, asit is more aptly termed, the great Colorado of the West. The general course of this valley is northwest and southeast; the extent of which (in our rapid exploration) we were unable to determine. Its width, travelled, is about two hundred and fifty miles. At Zuñi, the Indians of the Pueblo tribes raise corn, and many other vegetables, without resorting to irrigation; but from the appearance of the soil on the bottoms of the Colorado Chiquito, it was considered by most of our party that irrigation might be necessary. In the immediate vicinity of the mountains there is evidence of an amount of moisture in the soil, which is wanting in the centre of the valley, more remote from their influence. The water of the Colorado Chiquito is sufficient to irrigate a portion of the central part of the valley, but probably not enough to make all the tillable lands available for agricultural purposes. There are many beautiful streams of water of limited extent, on both ranges of the mountains, which look into this valley from the east and the west. "These streams would be sufficient for small settlements in their immediate neighborhood ; but on descending into an almost unlimited arid plain, they are lost by the absorptive power of the soil, and the rapid evaporation caused by the dry atmosphere. "The Rio Mimbres, in the valley of which is situated Fort Webster, southeast of the Mogoyon, (which has been made well known by the operations of the Mexican Boundary Commission) is a good example of thesefacts. Such is the case, also, with nearly all the mount- ain streams in these arid regions. Grass throughout this whole country is very abundant, and of a most excellent quality, especially around the mountain bases, and on the more elevated plateaus. Large herds of cattle and sheep might be reared and sustained here, were it not for the depredations of the Indians. We were told by Mr. Leroux, that the wild Indians of this country, in their blind eargerness to obtain the flesh of mules, have been known to shoot one down with their arrows while a traveller was yet seated on his back, for which, in a case that he mentioned, the poor savage paid the penalty of his life. Unfortunately, we passed this region between the 18th of November (when we crossed the crest of the Sierra Madre) and the 25th of December. At the latter date, we encamped at the base of the San Francisco mountain. This was the most unpropitious season of the whole year for the collection of herbaceous plants, and must account for the meagreness of my collections in this part of our journey. The entire eastern, southern, and part of the western, ughe of this region, are well timbered with Douglas’s spruce, New Mexican yellow pine, piñon, and balsam fir. The Rocky mount- ain white pine (Pinus flexilis) grows on the San Francisco mountain, and no doubt on the higher peaks and ranges of the Sierra Madre and Mogoyon. Oaks and black walnut also grow here. The banks of all the streams that are crossed produced cotton-wood and mezquite—in some places in great abundance. Three kinds of cedar abound at the base of the mountains, frequently extending (in more limited quantities) down to the banks of the Colorado Chiquito, wherever the evenness of the surface appears to be broken by dry arroyos or broken banks. On the slopes east and south of San Francisco mountain, looking into this valley, and also westwardly, are vast forests of piñon, intermingled with cedars, perfectly black in the distance, by their density. From elevated points near the southern base of Bill Williams’ mountain we had extensive and beautiful views of these forests, which extended southwestwardly, apparently some fifteen or twenty miles. This one we denominated the “ Black Forest." With the aid of the moore, we could detect (January 3d, side reconnoissance) the camp-fires of the Tonto Inc in several places, in the forest. We were informed by our guide, Mr. Antonio Leroux, who as had much experience, and even desperate forays, with the Indians of this neigh- borhood, that, at the proper season of the year, large parties of the Yampai, Tonto, Coyotero, BOTANY. T Garretero, and other sub-tribes of the great Apacherian race, resort here for the purpose of collecting the fruit of this pine. It probably forms one of the most important articles of their subsistence. In an economical view of this country, it should not be forgotten or overlooked. Immediately on our entrance into this valley, (November 19th,) we found and collected a new species of Opuntia, with prostrate, nearly terete joints, entirely devoid of woody fibre; and at Zuiii, soon after, another, with a woody stem, low and prostrate, clearly distinct from O. arbo- rescens, to which it vétnów hát approaches in its reticulated woody axis. Its fruit, seeds, spines, and general habit, however, separate it from that well-known and widely ۳ ۳۳۳ species. Very pretty specimens in had were obtained, but none in flower, which is much to be regretted. As this tribe of interesting plants was almost the only one we doula find and study, at this late season of the year, our party rivalled each other in daily bringing some of them into camp that had not been before seen or collected. Sometimes one would come in ahead of the others, but more frequently several would arrive at the same time with new specimens, and then a great shout would ensue, in deciding upon the claims of priority. Lieutenant Whipple discovered the first specimen of our new Cactodendron, as we were pleased to call it, to distinguish it from the O. arborescens. We saw this same species afterwards growing six to eight feet high, retaining all its peculiar characteristics, with the exception of not being prostrate. While on the banks of the Colorado Chiquito, and only in that vicinity, we found a new Echinocactus, the first of this genus met with on our route, but it was neither in flower nor fruit. It is quite limited in its range, having been found only along the bottom lands of the Rio Colorado Chiquito. In the rocky ravines, soon er leaving the river bottoms, we discovered a densely aggregated Cereus, growing in large oval masses, which contained hundreds of low, ovate, fleshy stems, from one root. Our highly esteemed friend, Dr. Engelmann, has made several species of such forms of cerei, which are difficult to identify in the absence of flowers or fruit, on account of the great variety in the number, size, and color of spines in the same species. "l'hespines in the plant just mentioned are angular, like those of Dr. Engelmann's Cer. enneacanthus; but they also very much resemble those of his Cer. polyacanthus. The cactacez can only be well characterized by their inflorescence, fruit, and general habit. Opuntia fragilis is very common in this valley, offering many varieties of shape, size, and color of the spines. Nearly all cactaces assume a red, shrivelled, drooping appearance at this season of the year, very different from what they exhibit when in vigorous growth. Cereus Fendleri, which is very common about. the Pecos and Rio Grande, has nearly its western limit here, soon to be replaced by Cer. Chloranthus, an unpublished species of Dr. Engelmann. Among the shrubs peculiar to this part of the country is the beau- tiful and very aromatic Cowania Stansburiana. In Capt. Sitgreaves' reports, Dr. Woodhouse mentions having seen an aromatic Fallugia paradoxa in this region, which must be a mistake. It was this plant; for, although the fallugia and cowania somewhat resemble each other, the former is never aromatic and balsamic, like the latter. The cowania grows on much more ele- vated positions than the fallugia, and is considered by the Mexicans as a most valuable medi- cine; often selling at the rate of half a dollar an ounce, under the name of alouseme. It is highly esteemed as a styptic, and astringent in hemorrhagic discharges. A beautiful blue- berried barberry (Berberis pinnata) is very common here, called by the Mexicans leña amorilla. This shrub is very different from the one at the Copper Mines, (Santa Rita del Cobre,) collected when I was on the Mexican boundary commission. The berries are very pleasant to the taste, being saccharine with a slight acidity. Fallugia, cercocarpus, and another thornless rosaceous shrub, probably a crætagus, is common along the arroyos and rough low places. The Obione canescens, and other species of the same genus, though not peculiar to this region, are met with here in great abundance.. The former is called by Mexicans chamizo, and by our people grease- wood. It belongs to the tribe of chenopods, and we noticed that our sheep were very fond of browsing upon it, choosing it in preference to grass. It is an unsightly weed, with a sub- shrubby stem, but withal very useful when we could get no better material for fuel. - 8 | BOTANY. Section VII. San Francisco Valley..—It is doubtful whether the name used to characterize this region is strictly proper. A part of the waters which flow southwardly into the San Fran- cisco river, (Rio Verde,) a tributary of the Gila, and another part flowing in a westwardly direction into the Rio Colorado, are embraced in what we call the San Francisco valley. Be- tween Leroux's springs, situated at the southwestern base of the San Francisco mountain and Cactus Pass, the western limit of this division is a space of about one hundred and sixty miles, so interesting that a volume could easily be made of the materials which are collected in it, without exhausting the subject. In general terms, we could say it was well timbered, although there were large plains situated between the hills and mountains, nearly destitute of trees. ounts San Francisco, Bill Williams, and Sitgreaves constitute the highest peaks of this region. "They stand upon an elevated, somewhat broken plain, which is about 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. They are environed on the east and west by a large number of beatifully rounded volcanic hills, which, with the intervening forests and glades, give it the most inviting and romantic appearance we had probably seen on our route. Between this elevated plateau, extending some seventy-five miles west of Mount San Francisco, and a low range which we named the Aztec mountains, there is a wide valley, (about eighteen miles by the diagonal path in which we crossed it,) averaging some ten or fifteen miles in width. It is so densely covered with the best grama grass, that we named it ‘‘ Val de China." This valley we were unable to explore except to a limited degree, for it extends northwest probably to the Colorado, and southeast to the Gila. ۱ Partridge and Pueblo creeks, uniting in this valley from different directions, form what we suppose must be an affluent of the Rio San Francisco, constituting one of its heads and draining the valley to the south. We explored it north about forty miles, where it retained its characteristic appearance, with the exception that there seemed to be less indications of water-courses in that direction. So our attention was turned further south as the only hope of getting an easy way to the Colorado. "The hills bordering this valley, especially on the west, are densely covered with cedars, pines, spruces, oaks, &c., which are sufficiently abundant to serve all the purposes of agriculture, domestic economy, and railroads. Much of the timber is of the most valuable kind, consisting of the yellow pine of this country, (Pinus brachyptera,) and the Oregon pine or Douglas spruce, (P. Douglasii,) the value of which will be more fully treated of hereafter. Besides Partridge creek, which enters this valley from the east, there is a beautiful little stream from the mountains west, entering from the opposite direction, a little further south. We named it Pueblo creek. The remains of broken pottery and the ruins of stone buildings and ancient fortifications that occur here give evidence that the country has once been inhabited by an intelligent, enterprising and warlike race of men. These remains exhibit marks of extreme antiquity. One of the highest peaks in this range, which we named Mount Hope, is situated fifteen or twenty miles south of our explorations. It appears to be the source of the moisture of this region, and no doubt waters many such little valleys as that of the Pueblo, although we had not time to explore in that direction as far as desir The importance of this point is still further — by the fact that from this place railroad timber, when needed, will have to be supplied westward as far as the Colorado Grande, which is distant, in a direct line, about one hundred miles; but by the route we travelled, through the valley of the Santa Maria or Bill Williams' fork, it is about one hundred and seventy miles. My opportunities for making botanical collections in this region were about as unfavorable as on the preceding part of our journey. We passed through it from the 8th to the 31st of 'January. In the valley west of Aztec Pass, and between it and Cactus Pass, (25th January,) was found the first spring plant in bloom. It is one of the umbilliferous tribe, with a spindle- ۲ The name of the mountain at the head of this valley is San Francisco. The stream is usually called Rio Verde. h a | BOTANY. 9 shaped, parsnip-like root, but much softer, sweeter, and more tender than that wholesome esculent. It is much sought after by the Mexicans, who name it gamote, a name that is also applied by them to the sweet potato. Mr. Leroux informed us that Indian females in this region, especially the Utahs and Pai-utes, spend much time in the early months of the year, when the root is soft and tender, in collecting it in large quantities. It is prepared by slicing, drying, and grinding on matats, and, after which, stored away for future use. They make a soup of the meal. The root becomes hard and cortical as it advances in age, and unfit to be eaten. Besides the grama grass, which has been mentioned while describing the Val de China as so fine and abundant, we had a grass, peculiar to this region, called by our woodsmen ‘‘ bunch grass." It was quite green, and our animals were immoderately fond of it. We were unable to secure specimens of it in flower or fruit, and therefore could not determine its name. Mr. Leroux says it is well known and prized in the great Salt Lake valley, fattening animals faster than the grama, but it does not afford them the same amount of strength and muscle. A narrow filamentose-leaved Yucca was found near Picacho, and specimens of the young plants were brought home. It was not in fruit. It is quite different from the two species found east of the Rio Grande; but whether different from the one of a similar habit in Texas, can -only be determined by an examination and comparison of the flower and fruit. In the waters of Partridge creek we found Polygonum amphibium, which, although it grows on land as well as in water, is nevertheless a sure index of the permanency of the water in its neighborhood. In this valley we saw and collected, growing upon the piñon, a mistletoe, (Arceuthobium,) never before seen, and quite distinct from the one found on the other pine, (P. brachyptera.) At the foot of Bill Williams’ mountain, we first met the celebrated INDIAN MaavEx, (Agave sp. undetermined.) This to the wild Indian tribes is probably one of the most important plants of the whole interior of the continent south of the 35th - parallel of north latitude. It is a matter of curious interest to know how much further north it grows. We presume, how- ever, that it will be found very little further norththan ourline. It flourishes on the roughest, most rocky, and apparently most inhospitable spots that can be found; and, generally, it occurs only in such places. An allied species (Agare Americana) is common in Mexico, and in our gardens under the title of century plant, so named from the popular notion that it blooms every hundred years. Our plant is a long time (not nearly a hundred years, however) in coming to maturity. It then blooms, bears fruit and dies, leaving many offsets which come to maturity yearly. These likewiae perform their great function of fructification, and die, to give place in turn to their s : The great value of the plant to the Indian is, that it forms a never- failing source of ہج‎ at all seasons of the year. At the proper season, which i is about the 1st July, the stalk that bears the flower shoots up and grows with amaz ing rapidity. ` is then very juicy, tender, and sweet, much resembling the pith of the sugar-cane ; and the Indians now devote their time to preparing their mezcal, which will keep preserved for several months. When the time for preparing food from the flower-stock is passed, they resort to the heart or central part of the older plants that have not yet come to maturity ; the most tender portions being at the base of the inner leaves. The heart can be found in different stages | nent at all seasons of the year. They roast it in temporary ovens, made of earth and a. about two days being required to cook it sufficiently. We used the juice of the plant successfully as an anti-scorbutie while on the Mexican boundary commission, my attention being first called to it by a circular from General Lawson, Surgeon General of the United States army, recommending it on the authority of Dr. Perrin, of the United States army. _ Besides the trees already mentioned, we have here two or three species of cedars; one with a gd sweet, edible berry. In times of great scarcity of food, I believe this fruit is resorted to by nearly every animal in this region. Pinus edulis (piñon) grows in great abundance nearly the whole length of this district. The highlands which form spurs to the San Francisco, Bill Williams”, and Geesen mountains are covered with these trees; their deep green مہ‎ 10 BOTANY. giving the forests a peculiarly dark and sombre aspect, forming a strong contrast with the surrounding grassy plains. "Two very distinct species of oak occur here, one of which I have marked on the profile as Quercus Gambellii, of Nuttall; the other is probably new. In the deep ravines or cañons of this district we found an ash, (Fraxinus velutinus,) common also to the copper mine region, and associated with it also a cherry, which may be a new species. Willow- leaved poplar is occasionally found along the arroyos, where water has lately been standing. Among the shrubs abounding in this region are found the blue-berried barberry, a species of currant, (Ribes,) and a species of very thorny Solanacew, of unknown genus. A new shrub, interesting on account of its botanical affinities, was found here, belonging to the small order of Garryaceae, natives only of western North America and the West Indies. A second species of the genus Garrya is very common about the copper mines of New Mexico, which was also detected here, but not in fruit. Which of the two, if either, is the plant of Douglas, upon which the genus was founded, we are unable at present to یروج‎ We find great difficulty in procuring publications of American plants, in the arrangement of orders subsequent to com- posite, up to which point we have been supplied, by the indefatigable zeal and learning of those excellent co-laborers in the field of botany, Drs. Torrey and Gray, in their Flora of North America. Since the acquisition of Texas, New Mexico, and California, with their consequent explorations and discoveries, the new genera and species, in orders previously passed over, are so many and important, that a new edition is now imperatively called for, before their — work is finished. A walnut was found in this region, collected heretofore in the region of the copper mines of New Mexico, very nearly related to the black walnut of the Eastern States. From Devil’s river, in Texas, while on the boundary commission, were sent specimens and a figure of what was thought to be a new species, to Dr. Torrey, a description of which was read by him before the meeting of the American Association of the Sciences, in August, 1851, under the title of Juglans Whippleana ; which was not published. Dr. Engelmann had previously obtained, and named it J. ruprestris. Dr. Torrey has published figures of both of them, in Captain Sit- greaves’ report; our present plant, provisionally, a variety of that species. The differences between them, however, are greater, in my opinion, than those between the present variety and Juglans nigra; so that they may all ultimately come to be forms of one — when sun other and more closely connecting varieties are found. | A Ptelea, closely allied if not identical with the shrubby treefoil of the States, 4 is ande. A Condalia also, which is a Rhamnaceous shrub, bearing small dark-colored berries, several species of which are eaten by Mexicans and Indians. A beautiful shrubby spiraea, or a — of some nearly allied genus, was found here. Along the banks of Turkey creek, Pueblo creek, and the streams which we first passed after 'erossing Aztec Pass, we observed large quantities of willows, which is rather an unusual oc- currence in this country. On the hills surrounding the Aztec mountains, for the first time, we met with the beautiful shrubby arbutus, (Arctostaphylos,) called by the Mexicans manzanita ; the bark of the plant is handsomely polished, of a dark mahogany color. From this place to the Pacific, and in California, there are several species of this genus, most of them bearing an edible berry, similar to the whortleberry. In California, a most valuable timber-tree of this genus grows all along the Coast range of mountains. It bears a larger edible berry, which is much sought after by Mexicans and Indians, who know it by the name of Madrona. Itisa beautiful tree. The wood is very hard, taking a polish equal to, and much resembling — vitæ Nest Bill Williams’ mountain we found in considerable quantities the aggregated تین‎ noticed before; but the species cannot well be determined, on account of the want of blossom and fruit. It is very nearly allied to Dr. Engelmann's Cereus polyacanthus, which yields an edible fruit, called by Mexicans pitahaya.. It is sometimes in large oval masses, densely ^ set with formidable spines. The arborescent Opuntia, first found near Zuñi, which, to aish BOTANY. 11 from the true O. arborescens, we called Cacto-dendron, finds its western limits near the termi- nation of this region. We also find here a mamillaria, very common, and the only one we saw between-this-point and the Rio Grande. At the southern base of Bill Williams’ mountain we found an Opuntia never before seen on our route, and from its peculiar appearance, it will doubtless prove to be a new species. It is an upright flat-jointed species, thickly beset with yellow spines, of a much lighter green color than most other species, or, indeed, any other that I have seen. Lieutenant Tidball, of our escort, kindly sketched it for me, and provisionally named it after him, to distinguish from other allied species. Opuntia fragilis, and Cer. Fendleri, also occur here. Thereis an Opuntia in this region, very near, if not identical with the one on the Rio Grande, with long brown spines. It is published in Plantae Fendleriane, by Dr. Engelmann, as Op. pheacantha. As we proceed westward into the neighborhood of Picacho and Val de China, the O. ۵۵۵ becomes much more frequent, and we observed that it was never found on the northern and western exposures of the hills and rocky arroyos, but mostly on the southern, (as where we first ound it,) and more seldom on the eastern exposures. In Cañon creek, the head-waters of Bill Williams’ fork near the western extremity of this region, it grows seven or eight feet high, spreading so as to form an immense head, with upwards of one hundred joints, all branching from a single stalk. At Aztec Pass an Opuntia was found, which in the size of the joints, and appearance of the spines, was very similar to Opuntia Engelmanni, but, unlike this well known species, it is spreading and prostrate. Unfortunately, we could obtain no fruit of it. «Section VIII. Santa Maria Valley.—The space embraced within this section lies between Cactus Pass and the Colorado Grande, following the course of Bill Williams' fork, from near its sources, to the great river of the west. Cactus Pass is the last of the highlands that we cross before reaching the Rio Colorado. The distance from this point, in a direct line, to the Colorado, امہ‎ about. sixty miles; but by the road we travelled, through the valley of Bill it is about one hundred and thirty miles. < "The timber of this valley i is composed almost exclusively of cotton-wood, or alamo, mezquite, * green-barked acacia,’ of Major Emory's report, curly mezquite, (Strombocarpa pubescens,) two other leguminous trees, and some willows. One of the leguminous trees is the Olneya T'esota of Dr. Gray, in Plant. Nov. T'hurberianae, pages 313 and 328.—1854. It was collected by Mr. Thurber on the Gila. It has very much the habit ofa Robinia. The foliage of the tree is very dense and heavy, and although dark green, the leaves were sometimes crisped as though they had been bitten by frost; yet there were no evidences of frost on other tender vegetables in its vicinity. Our Mexicans were not acquainted with it, nor with the name Tesota. The alamos grow to a good large size, and are quite dana The two mezquites are rather saji in this valley, eidem. attaining more than fifteen or twenty feet in height. The Tesota, ““ green-barked acacia,” and the other leguminous tree, grow fully as large as the mezquites, - and in a an epes IRE it is presumed, will prove equally useful for domestic purposes. iy places grow quite large and abundantly, yet, for anything but nals Kelt of gea اوانودووم‎ of grass, and for fire-wood, they appear to be nearly dis: Ze Éechkr oap e ti x. Abis. valley i is unite Fach Se sufficient to support consider- aide numbers of mules and stock i in passing through. But in the lower portions, as we approach the Rio Colorado, grass of all kinds becomes quite scarce ; mules then resort to the twigs of the willow, and the twigs and bark of the alamo, upon thich they have been known to subsist the | whole winter. e water of Bill Williams’ foro i in many plac and other streams in this country, it ids again in the sand, سس‎ within a es, flows in & bold current; but, like the | very short. distance of its head. It rises and sinks this way, alternately. until it reaches the Rio Colorado. This valley, which i is er narrow, cannot be worth much for agricultural purposes ; y here it widens, so as to form very pretty sites for settle- - A ` 12 BOTANY. ments. We passed through this valley from the 1st to the 20th February, when the weather was warm and genial, as in the month of May in the Atlantic States. The seasons appear to be two or three weeks earlier here than at the Mojave village in the Colorado valley. We were unable to determine from observation whether the soil here can be cultivated without irrigation, because we had not time to make any experiments on this subject in our rapid reconnoissance. From the fact that the Mojave Indians, but a short distance further west in the Colorado valley, cultivate corn, wheat, beans, pumpkins, melons, and probably other culinary vegetables, without irrigation, one can have little doubt but that the same may be done also in this valley. Should this prove to be true, there are several places, especially in the vicinity of White Cliff creek, which will be of great importance on this account. The valley here spreads out to quite a wide space, and is, moreover, convenient to good timber near Aztec Pass, besides the cotton-wood and mezquite in its own ve valley. This may emphatically be called the region of Cacti of our route. One of the first of them that we found after entering this valley was the Echinocactus Wislizeni of Dr. Engelmann, called by the Mexicans ‘‘ visnada,’’ the juice of which is said to serve as a substitute for water when it cannot otherwise be — Instances have been known among the white trappers of this wild region, where the lives of men have been saved by this plant. On the morning of Feb- ruary 3, we found one of them left by the Yampai Indians, who had been on the ground the previous night. "The spines were burned, and two-thirds of the inside were scooped out so as to form a sort of kettle. Mr. Leroux informed us that they scoop a space of its centre, introduce other vegetables, and with the introduction of heated stones cook the whole together. These vegetable boilers are not transported from one camp to the other, but, on account of their abun- dance, new ones are formed at every camping ground where they are required. A Cereus was recognised to-day, very nearly akin, if not the same, as one that is very common around El Paso, (Cer. chloranthus Engl. ined.,) and heretofore only known in that region. We were unable to get its flower or fruit to compare with the El Paso plant, which was much to be regretted, as the spines of these plants vary so much as to form by themselves but poor distinctive charac- teristics of the species. 了 here also was found a globose mamillaria, with from one to three or four central-hooked spines. It differs from the one collected on the Pecos, by its red clavate fruit. We noticed also a new arborescent opuntia, very nearly allied to O. arborescens, the last of which we saw at the ruins near the Pueblo de Zuiii. "This plant differs from that in having spiney fruit and a larger seed, but in other respects it resembles it very much. The beautiful Scarlet-berried Op. frutescens was found in this region. It was collected also at Laguna Colorado, sixty miles east of the Rio Pecos, showing it to have a wider geographical range than the O. arborescens, which is supposed by Dr. Engelmann to be the widest diffused of all North American cacti. In addition to those already mentioned, we gathered a beautiful Opuntia, common in this region and quite different from any we had heretofore seen. It isa flat-jointed, spineless variety, growing in a handsome rosette manner, and covered with a beautiful velvety bloom or pubescence. The minute barbed bristles of the pulvilli are very annoying when handled. It is even said to be destructive to the eye if permitted to touch that delicate organ. By far the most interesting cactus of this region, and probably of the whole world, is the Cereus giganteus. We saw it for the first time, in this valley, on the 4th of February, growing about forty-five feet high ; but along the valley of the Gila, it is said to reach sixty feet in height. It frequently occurs from twenty-five to thirty feet high without a single branch. Among the skeletons of wood, after the fleshy parts of the plant had decayed and fallen away, ` we observed in the old trees a perfect net-work of the bundles of woody fibres, reticulated on a large scale, exactly after the manner of the woody fibres of the Opuntia arborescens. Our obser- vations do not accord fully with the account given by Drs. Engelmann and — who had 2 Silliman's Amer. Jour. of Science and Arts, Vol. XIV, Nov., 1852, BOTANY. 13 probably taken their description from younger plants, before the interlacing or anastomosing process had been carried to any considerable extent. We have seen the skeletons of young plants which exactly corresponded with their description. The fruits of many Cerei are edible, with something of the flavor and shape of a large gooseberry. They are thickly covered with sharp spines; but as soon as the fruit ripens, these can be brushed off with ease. By peeling the rind, there is left a large, sweet, delicate pulp, that will rival any gooseberry. The top of this giant Cactus, however, yields a pitahaya, far sweeter and more delicious than those which grow on more humble stems. The Indians collect large quantities of it by tying a fork to the little end of a long willow pole, which enables them to reach and bring down the fruit without injuring it. They make a syrup, or conserve, from the juice, which serves them for luxury, as well as for sustenance, and which can be preserved a long time. The Mexicans call the tree ‘‘ suwar- row ;" the Indian, ‘‘harsee;’’ and the syrup manufactured from the juice, ‘‘sistor.’’ The juice of the flesh of the tree is quite bitter. We find (February 7) a new species of Opuntia, with a reticulated woody stem, very fragile at the joints before hardening into wood, and armed with spines worse than those of a porcupine. It is called by the Mexicans, “chug.” The plant is the horror of man and beast. Our mules are as fearful of it as ourselves. The barbed spines stick so fast in the flesh that the joint of the plant is separated from the main stem before the spines can be withdrawn. We found this species sometimes ten and twelve feet high, branching very fantastically, in consequence of the fragility and decay of the younger stems and joints. In a landscape by Mr. Stanley, (plate 16 of Major Emory's report,) in the foreground is the figure of a cactus, of which, in the text, no account is given. It has a faint resemblance to our plant; but Lieutenant Whipple, who has travelled and explored much in that region, is pretty confident that it represents a different species, which he has also seen. The figure is too iv in its outlines and curves to repre- sent the peculiarly See) and irregular. appearance of our plant. It is, without doubt, an undescribed species. We find here what is supposed to be Opuntia ramossissima of Dr. Engelmann, collected on the desert between the Colorado and San Diego by Dr. Parry. In places favorable for its growth, it is found six feet high, as robust and tree-like as the 0. arbo- rescens itself. The fact that on the 7th February we collected a Draba, a Thelopodium, and a Vesicaria in full bloom, is a proof of the forwardness of the season in this valley. February 1lth we collected, along the banks of Bill Williams' fork, fine specimens of a Lepidium and a Hosackia. Section IX. Valley of the Colorado.—From the mouth of Bill Williams' fork to the point above where we crossed the Rio Colorado, is about sixty miles; and from thence to Soda lake, on the Mojave creek, where, at ordinary seasons of the year, water is first found, is about one hundred miles further west. Along the valley of this river, alamo, mezquite, and willow form the principal, and almost entire, kinds of trees. The Mojave Indians make use of willow twigs in the formation of their granaries, where they store away the fruit of the Tornillo, (curly mezquite,) and various other vegetable products, for winter consumption, or for times of scarcity. Their depositories are built in a circular form, four or five feet high, and about the same, or a little less, in diameter. After being filled with their stores, they are covered with willow bushes or reeds, over which is laid another cover of earth. The climate is so dry, they find no difficulty in thus preserving their winter grain. We passed their villages the last days of February, and found them in the possession of plenty of corn, wheat, beans, pumpkins, &c., which they gladly traded for our old worn-out clothes. They brought us one watermelon that had been preserved from last year. We travelled about sixty miles through their territory without seeing any appearance of irrigation, from which we may safely infer that they cultivate their crops without having recourse to this process. "There can be no doubt, however, but that it would add very it to the amount of agricultural productions, if irrigation were employed. Very little grass is to be seen in this valley. Our sheep ate readily of the Obione canescens, (grease-wood,) which grows abundantly throughout this whole region. Our mules were very 14 BOTANY. fond of an aromatic shrub, of quite a low stature, which grows in considerable quantities on the gravelly ridges of both sides of the Colorado. It had shed its seed, but, accidentally, a few poor specimens were found—enough to determine it to belong to ambrosie, a sub-division of composite. Of this tribe there are in the Eastern States several species, of which cattle and horses are very fond. The value of the Colorado valley, in affording subsistence to a civilized population, was con- sidered nearly equal to that of the Rio Grande valley, which, in some respects, it a good deal resembles. "The soil is better adapted to the cultivation of cereals than that of the Rio Grande, where it can only be done by the assistance of irrigation, which, in this country, is a costly process. On leaving the valley of the Colorado, we ascended very rapidly about four thousand feet above the level of the sea, where the change of climate is very strongly marked. At the Col- orado it is very warm and summer-like, while at our camp (6th Mareh) on the northern slopes of the hills and in deep ravines there was snow. Here we met with cedar (Juniperus oceiden- talis) and pine, (Pinus edulis,) which, however, only greet the eye but a short distance. It may be possible that the New Mexican yellow pine (Pinus brachyptera) will be found in still higher points of this range in this neighborhood, but, on account of our necessarily rapid movements, we had not time to determine. In addition to the trees already mentioned, we noticed here vast quantities of the tree Yucca, called by the Mexicans Palma. It was seen before on Bill Williams’ fork, but it is found here from twenty-five to thirty-five feet in height, and eighteen inches or two feet in diameter, with a bark on the lower part of the trunk very much resembling that of white oak. Although not good for fuel, we were sometimes under the necessity of resorting to it for camping purposes. Besides these, we saw here a variety of shrubs, the principal of which are two species of Rhus, (one of which I had never before seen,) blue-berried Berberis, Cowania Stansburiana, Fallugia paradoxa, Shrubby artemisia, Obione, and a shrubby Amygdalus or Cerasus, which very much resembles one common on Devil's river, in lower Texas. A species of Chilopsis, a bignoniaceous shrub, or small tree, with beautiful large flowers, much resem- bling those of a Catalpa, is frequently found in the dry ravines here, as also all over the western wilds. An undetermined species of Lycium, a solanaceous shrub, with an edible berry, was also collected here. Besides some new cactacez, which will be mentioned scon , We found here several species, supposed to be peculiar to the Rio Grande valley; among them are Opuntia clavata and O. fragilis. A flat-jointed Opuntia, with long brown spines, collected before as far back as the Llano Estacado, which was considered very near Op. pheacantha of the Rio Grande valley, was also found on this part of our route. Also an aggregate Cereus, which cannot be distinguished, in the absence of flower and fruit, from allied species on the Rio Grande. Besides the Echino- cactus Wislizeni, which is quite common here, we found a new species of the same genus, aggre- gated in large globose or ovate heads. The fruit is crowned with the dry flower, and is thickly covered with a whitish wool; the scales are lanceolate-subulate ; and the seeds pyriform, black, and rugose. The segment form of this plant is peculiar, and an exception to the erg" habit of the genus. It had. already passed flowering, (March 2d,) and matured its fruit. After crossing the dividing ridge between the Rio Colorado and Mojave creek, we saw the celebrated, but totally useless, Larrea Mexicana, or creosote plant, giving the surrounding scenery a most beautiful and verdant appearance. This plant is one of the most repulsive that can well be imagined. It is the surest indication of a sterile, worthless soil that can be found in the vegetable kingdom ; for wherever it flourishes, little else can be found. Section X. Mojave Valley.—This region extends from Soda lake to Cajon Pass, a disiazion of about one hundred and thirty miles. With the exception of the last twenty-five miles, it is entirely along the Mojave creek. There are beautiful grassy plains in this valley, within reach of clear, sweet, running water, where, we were told, it was a great grazing resort for those BOTANY. 15 mules, horses, and cattle, preparatory to crossing the desert of a part of the Salt Lake valley ; before the California gold excitement, animals were sent from the valley of Los Angeles, and its vicinity, to Santa Fé, with profitable returns. Large herds were annually brought out to this place and grazed for that purpose. Since the revolution, stock of all kinds is in great demand, at very high rates, in California ; and New Mexico, in her turn, now sends out large flocks of sheep, to supply, in part, those demands. Sometimes they are sent by the way of Salt Lake valley, and from thence, up this valley, to California. After crossing the desert of Salt Lake valley, they are generally permitted to stop here, and at the Cajon to recruit, so as to render them saleable on arriving at the settlements of California. At other times they are sent by the way of the valley of the Gila, and thence across the desert to San Diego. Our route is much more direct than either of the others, and better, too, if we may judge from our own explorations and the accounts of travellers. The enterprising Captain Aubrey would have taken his sheep over this route the present season, but for the hostility of the Mojave and other tribes of Indians who infest this region. The stream of the Mojave is not continuous, but sinks and rises every few miles, after the manner of Bill Williams' fork, and the Rio Mimbres, in New Mexico. In some places the stream is large and bold, running with a swift current, like the Mimbres. The soil in the widened valleys is rich, and appears to be capable of cultivatior without irrigation. In such case it will make a valuable territory, well suited to settlements and military posts. The timber of the valley is much like that of the Colorado, consisting of cotton-wood, (Populus monilifera,) mezquite, (Algarobia glandulosa,) curly mezquite, (Strombocarpa pubescens,) and willow, (Salix,) of several species. On arriving at the Cajon Pass, two kinds of cedars occur ; pines, three or four kinds—Oregon pine, ( Pinus Douglassit,) piñon, or nut pine, (P. monophylla, Torr.;) and on the neighboring mountains, the sugar pine, (P. Lambertiana,) and one other species, somewhat resembling, but different from, the New Mexican yellow pine. All of these occur in great abundance, and of the best quality. Immediately on passing the crest of the Cajon, the vegetation changes like magic. Many of the shrubs being such as we had never before seen, the mountains and hills were covered and green with their perennial foliage. Among the most beautiful we found several species of Ceonothus, (represented at home chiefly by the New Jersey tea,) ornamented with bright, cerulean blue flowers, in charming contrast with the leafless waste that we had just left. We collected at this place specimens of the new remarkable genus Fremontia, which is described and figured in Plante Fremontiane, (p. 6, pl. 2: 1850,) by Dr. Porrey. The whole tree has very much the habit of Hibiscus syriacus, or common Althea shrub ? but, according to Dr. Torrey, it belongs to the family of Bombaceæ, and is very closely allied to the celebrated hand-tree of Mexico, (Cheirostemon of Humboldt.) A species of Yucca, different from the five or six other Texan and New Mexican species that we had seen before, was collected at this place. A beautiful evergreen oak, with very large cups and acorns, was first found at this pass. Not having proper books of reference at hand, it is impossible at this time to determine the species. But the acorn is the one on which the Digger Indians, of California, are known to subsist for a great portion of the year. When standing in an open space, it forms one of the most beautiful and graceful trees of the forest. The Cactus tribe in this valley is not so plentiful in species or numbers as in some of the regions just described ; yet we found an Echinocactus here that had not been seen before. Tt may be the E. viridescens, Nutt. Var? cylindraceus, collected by Dr. Parry “near San Felipe, on the eastern slope of the California mountains ;" but in the absence of the fruit, or flower, or even a good description of the original plant itself, it is impossible to decide with certainty. Dr. Engelmann's Mamillaria tetrancistra, collected by Dr. Parry on the desert between San Diego and the junction of the Gila with the Colorado, was collected here, as also on Bill Williams’ fork ; but the long, hooked central spines vary from one to four in number. SECTION XI. Los Angeles Valley.—From Cajon Pass to the sea, at San Pedro, is a distance of about eighty miles through a beautiful valley, requiring very little description, in consequence 16 BOTANY. of its having been long known. It was first settled by the Spaniards soon after the dis- covery of this part of the continent. It is well wooded and watered. We had not time to examine the timber of the mountains in this vicinity on account of our hasty march. In the preceding portion of our route we mentioned the trees seen at Cajon Pass ; and as we passed down Cajon creek we saw the California sycamore, (Platanus Mexicanus,) alder, (Alnus,) of quite a respectable size, and cotton-wood ; and as we proceeded on to the plains there were collected two other species of oaks which grew in great abundance; neither of them in fruit, however, at the time we passed. The base of the mountains to our right was covered with this timber. Grass and wild oats are abundant in the valley from one end to the other. Nature has peculiarly favored this region, and adapted it to grazing, by furnishing it with a succession of plants, which come on in regular succession ; so that no trouble or expense is experienced in raising cattle and horses, except for salting and keeping them tame. The first crop is called ** pin-grass,”” (Erodium cicutarium,) belonging to the family of Geraniacee ; the next is a crop of leguminous plants, such as Medicago, and several species of clover, (Zrifolium,) which spring up one after another; then follow wild oats (Avena) and other species of grass in great abundance. At the Cajon valley there are several species of cactaceee, both flat-jointed and cylindrical, with a woody axis, which are somewhat different from those passed in the Colorado valley. At Cocomungo, in this valley, we found vast and dense patches of an Opuntia, nearly akin to O. Engelmanni, which had the appearance of having been introduced ; but whether it really is so, cannot be determined. The Spanish Tuna, (Opuntia Tuna,) which is cultivated for its fruit, forms hedges fifteen or twenty feet high. The Indians and Mexicans are very fond of the fruit, which serves them for food during its season. At the mission of San Gabriel we saw large orchards of orange trees laden with its golden fruit, which ripens perfectly in the open air, (22d May.) We could say nothing more favorable of the climate of this delightful region. "There are many other exotic plants that would succeed with very little trouble; the tea plant especially we think would do well, and deserves a thorough trial. The grapes cultivated here are said to be equal to any in the world. No. 2. DESCRIPTION OF FOREST TREES. HY " M. BIGELOW, M. p. PiNvs (Abies) DoucLas.—Douglas Spruce, or called simply Spruce in some regions; Oregon Pine about San Francisco; and Hemlock in other places. The first place on the route where it is found is on the Sandia mountains, east of the Rio Grande, and between it and the Rio Pecos. It grows there abundantly. It next occurs on what is called the Sierra Madre, about ninety miles west of the Rio Grande, and is there also quite abundant. We again observed it, but rather sparingly, in the mountains around Zuñi. After crossing the Rio Colorado Chiquito we come to a range of mountains, of which the most elevated and prominent peaks, near where we passed, were San Francisco, Bill Williams, and Mount Sitgreaves. Here was a belt of forty-five miles or more in width, stretching in a southeasterly direction to the Mogoyon or Sierra Blanca, probably as far as the headwaters of the Gila. At the Copper Mines, near the Gila, I found it in abundance in 1851, as well as at the Organ mountains, near Doiia Ana, while connected with the Mexican boundary survey. At Aztec Pass, one hundred miles west of San Francisco, it is found again, but not so abund- antly as at the latter mountain. As soon as we reached the Sierra Nevada, and along the whole Coast range as far as Los Angeles, it showed itself in the greatest abundance. It grows also in almost every mountainous region of California, from the coast to the highest range of the Sierra Nevada. On the mountains of the Sierra Madre, east and west of the Rio Grande, ` at San Francisco and its vicinity near the two Colorados, at the Organ mountains and those of the Mimbres near the Copper Mines, this tree grows from ninety to one hundred and twenty feet in height, and from three to six feet in diameter. In California it is found of a much larger size, frequently attaining the height of two hundred feet or more, and from six to nine feet in diameter. The wood is coarse-grained, tough, and hard—so much so as to preclude its being used as pine lumber; but it forms most éxcellent building timber. At San Francisco, Sacramento, and other cities of California, this timber is used almost exclusively for making plank-roads, side-walks, and piling. Probably one-fourth of the city of San Francisco is thus built on piles, driven from ten to fifteen feet into the ground. The wharves at the latter place are built exclusively of this timber. From its abundance and widely-extended range, it will be seen that this tree will form one of the most valuable timber products of the proposed line ; and, from what I have seen of its ap- plicability to purposes of this kind, 1 have no hesitation in affirming that it will make railroad ties, equal, if not superior, to those of any other wood in the West. This tree has been well characterized, and a good figure of the fruit, cone, and branch given in Hooker's Flor. Boreali Americana, ER: 18 BOTANY. Pinus (Abies) BALsAMEA.— Common name Balsam, or Balsam Fir. 1 It is identical with the one growing in the eastern States in such abundance. We found it d only on the more elevated points of the Sandia, San Francisco, and Sierra Nevada mountains. It was not seen by us at the Cajon Pass of the Sierra Nevada, but I have no doubt it exists on 1 the more elevated peaks of that region. Near Sonora and Downieville, in California, it grows to a great height, equalling that of the sugar and yellow pines. It forms a beautiful tree; but, from the perishable nature of the wood, it can scarcely be used for railroad purposes, except in places where it is protected from the disorganizing influences of the weather. The process of kyanization would probably have the effect to render it more valuable. It is an old and well- known species. In places where it abounds it is used for various building purposes, where not exposed to the weather, for which it is admirably adapted by its straight axis and beautiful taper. The balsam, which is an exudation from the bark, is medicinal, and held in high esteem as a remedy for burns and various other diseases. ix iw EE PINUS BRACHYPTERA.—Called Yellow Pine in some regions, and Pitch Pine in others. This is quite a different tree from either of the pines so called in the Eastern States. It is very common all over New Mexico and California. "This tree is most generally associated with Douglas spruce, first making its appearance on the mountains between the Pecos and the Rio ۱ Grande. It grows abundantly about Santa Fé, in New Mexico, and was described first by Dr. | Engelmann, from specimens collected by Dr. Wislizenus. Dr. Torrey (Report of Sitgreaves' Expedition, p. 173) mentions that Dr. Engelmann's P. Macrophylla was found at the Zuñi | mountains. He says, however, it does not agree well with Engelmann' و‎ description, We found E only this one 8o common in all that region, and suspect it is the one to which he has reference. E . It occurs at the Sandia and Organ mountains, east of the Rio Grande, at the Mimbres mount- , ains, Sierra Mogoyon, San Francisco, Aztec Pass, and on the Sierra Nevada, near Mount San Bernardino. In every region of California, also, where the Douglas spruce is known to exist, this tree grows. I think, however, that itis found more abundantly in the interior of Califor- nia, along the spurs and heightà of the Sierra Nevada, than along the Coast range, where the Douglas spruce is the most abundant. In all these places it forms a beautiful timber tree. East of the Sierra Nevada it rises to the height of one hundred feet, with a diameter of five or six feet. On the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, like the spruce and other pines, it grows much larger and taller. In favorable situations, it equals in height the other pines of those ۱ regions. The wood of this tree is soft and easily worked, and varieties of it are equal in pers and | utility to the wood of any other pine. About ES Fé, Albuquerque, Anton Chico, San Miguel, and all the towns on the upper Hio Grande, and Pecos, it forms their principal lumber. It exists so abundantly on the Mimbres, the Organ mountains, and on the mountains further east, e bordering the Pecos, as to supply San Elizario, El Paso, Doña Ana, and all the lower towns of d the Rio Grande, with lumber. It is also used in every part of California for building and other E domestic purposes. On account of the softness of the wood, it is thought it would not answer as well for railroad ties as the Douglas spruce. The accompanying profile, on which I have attempted to illustrate the relative ranges of these trees above the level of the sea, approximates | pretty nearly the truth. Although the range of this pine is very intimately associated with the Douglas spruce, yet, on reference to the profile, we shall see that it is found at a greater altitude, although the two species frequently overlap each other on the sides of mountain slopes. The Douglas spruce occupies the lower, and this species the upper portions of the mountain chains. I am not aware that a good figure of this tree has ever been made. It was first brought to the ` notice of botanists and the public by Dr. Engelmann, in Wislizenus' Report, in 1848. BOTANY. 19 PINUS EpuLis.—Called Piñon by the Mexicans; Nut Pine of New Mexico, by Americans. The fruit of it is called by Mexicans Piñones. ` In every place, from the bluffs of the Llano Estacado, about one hundred and sixty miles east of the Rio Pecos, to the Cajon Pass of the Sierra Nevada, this tree is found to be closely associ- ated with cedars. It seldom grows large. A little west of the San Francisco mountain, and at the Cajon, it is found from forty to fifty feet high, but further east it seldom attains more than twenty-four. Its usual height, however, is about thirty feet. The timber is seldom used for domestie purposes, and I am, therefore, unable to express an opinion of its fitness for railroad lumber. The wood is tough and elastic, but with regard to its durability when exposed to the vicissitudes of the weather, I am unable to give an opinion. From its extensive diffusion along the route, it would be of great value should it prove dura- ble, for in other respects it would be well adapted to railroad purposes. On the other hand, should it be subject to early decay, I have no doubt but that subjecting it to the process of kyan- ization, as resorted to in the English railroad system, would obviate the difficulty, and prove with us, as with them, more economical in the end, although rather expensive at first. This might be the case even with our more durable species. Its range of elevation above the sea-level is wider, and it is more extensively diffused than the species before mentioned. I have not seen it, however, on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada above Los Angeles, nor in the upper portions of California. The nut is sweet and edible, about the size of a hazel-nut. It is used as an article of trade by the New Mexicans of the upper Rio Grande with those below, and about El Paso. The fruit has a slightly terebinthine taste ; but the New Mexicans are very fond of it, When it is con- sidered how expensive it is to ا ا‎ eorn in those arid regions, where irrigation is necessary, one would naturally infer that an oil-nut as easily and abundantly produced as the piñon, would be an article of the first importance; and I have no doubt such will be the case when the country comes to be occupied by an enterprising and intelligent race. In the fattening of swine, this tree would receive a share of public attention. Bears and other animals, in large numbers, are known to subsist upon the fruit in those regions. Dr. Engelmann (Bot. Sketch, Wislizenus' Report, p. 4, 1848) gave a description of this tree under the name used above, and Dr. Torrey (Sitgreaves' Report, Pl. 20) has given an excellent figure of the same. Three years previously, Dr. Torrey (Report Fremont's Exploring Expedition, p. 319, 1845) described and figured a species of pine under the name of P. Mono- PHYLLUS, Or the Nut Pine of California, which, according to Fremont, is “extensively diffused over the mountains of northern California, from longitude 111? to 120°, and through a con- siderable range of latitude." Dr. Engelmann, in the work previously eférred to, describes another closely allied species under the title of P. osteosperma, the Nut Pine of northeastern Mexico, collected by Dr. Gregg on the battle-field of Buena Vista, with the remark, that the ‘cone and seeds are similar to both others," i. e., P. edulis and P. monophyllus. A com- parison of the two figures of Dr. Torrey, in Fremont's and Sitgreaves’ Reports, will hardly fail to convince the most skeptical that they are varieties of one species ;! and consequently, Dr. Torrey's name having the priority, will have to be retained and adopted. The principal char- acteristics of the three species being in the number of leaves in the sheaths, varying from one to three, they fail to be distinctive marks. In Dr. Engelmann's two species, the leaves are exactly alike in both ; the only difference being in the hard and soft shell, which is scarcely sufficient for a specific separation. Indeed, the California specimens I found at the Cajon had a testa as hard as that of Dr. Engelmann's Mexican species ; a fact also observed by Mr. Leroux with regard to the nut pine north of our line, on the Sierra Nevada mountains, about Walker's and Fremont's Passes. The extent of the eastern and western range of Fremont's plant is 9? 1 See Dr. Torrey's remarks on P. edulis, in the Botanical Report of the Expedition. 20 BOTANY. of longitude. Mine extends from the Llano, 103°, to the Cajon, 118°, a range of 15°. I have also seen it south as far as the mountains of the Limpia, in about latitude 31? ; and Dr. Parry has collected it still further south, in the cañons of the Rio Grande, below Presidio del Norte. 了 PINUS FLEXILIS.— Rocky Mountain White Pine. We found this tree at the Sandia mountains of New Mexico, at an elevation of about 12,000 feet above the level of the sea. Dr. Engelmann observes, that it was collected about Santa Fé by Mr. Fendler. In its cones and habit it is closely allied to Pinus strobus, which is the white or Weymouth pine of the North and East. On the authority of Dr. James, who first discovered this species, it is asserted that the seeds are large and edible. The piñones in use about Santa Fé, however, Dr. Engelmann remarks, are the produce of the P. edulis. At an elevation of the San Francisco mountain nearly equal that of the Sandia mountain, it was found again forming a large and beautiful tree one hundred to one hundred and thirty feet in height. "These are the only two localities on our route where this pine was detected. I was not high enough on any of the points of the Sierra Nevada to know whether it grows there; but at the proper elevation, there can be little doubt that it may be found there also. With the quality of its wood, either for lumber or for railroad ties, I am entirely unac- quainted ; but from its close affinity (as before intimated) with the Weymouth pine, which is a most valuable species, I have no doubt this tree will yet prove to be one of the most important on our route. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA.—Red Cedar. In places along the Canadian river, near Sans Bois creek, and even as far west as Old Fort Arbuckle, this tree grows quite large, and in abundance. Large specimens of it, however, were not seen further west. Although it would be as durable as almost any other timber that could be procured, yet it is said to be too brittle for railroad ties. ` On the bluffs of the Llano Estacado, and from that point west as far as the Cajon Pass, occur in many places, and sometimes in great abundance, two or three other species of cedar. Of a collection made by Dr. Woodhouse, Dr. Torrey, in the “Report of an Expedition down the Zuñi and Colorado rivers, by Captain Sitgreaves,” observes “that one may be Juniperus occi- E (Hook,) the second J. tetragona, (Schlect.,) while the third is probably new." Mine are probably all included in his list ; and if so excellent a botanist as Dr. Torrey is in doubt in reference to the species and varieties of these plants, it would be folly in me to attempt to reduce or determine them. The trunks of the western varieties are too short to render them of much value for timber. The berries of most of them (especially those of J. occidentalis, which has a large, slightly tuberculate fruit) are sweet and nutritious, affording —— to bears, wolves, and a variety of other animals, if not the Indian himself. ALGAROBIA GLANDULOSA.— JMezquit. 0 of this species are found considerably east of the Pecos and Rio Grande valleys, but mostly in a shrubby state. In the valleys of the Colorado Chiquito, San Maria, Colorado Grande, and Mojave, this tree grows to a considerable size. In Southwestern Texas and in the eastern regions of Mexico it is considered invaluable from its extreme durability. Fences made of this timber in that part of Texas have been known to stand in a perfect state of preservation more than fifty years. From its hardness and durability, there can be no doubt but that it would make ties equal to the lignumvite of tropical climates; to which it is, indeed, closely allied . botanically, belonging to the section Mimosex of Feti 8 Plants. Besides the SrrompocarPa PUBESCENS, (Mexican tornillo,) a genus closely allied to Algarobia, . EE en EE e ek : } 1 i E 1 | 1 I A جا راپ ک9‎ ee E E ee مل‎ 7 70:120 EE ۶ 9999 9 ب0 یپپیََییگی۶َ۷۶ییپ‎ SNG. ,یی‎ ss 5009 ,337801نق‎ ۸,۰,7. 270 BOTANY. 2] there are other trees of this order abounding along the valley of Bill Williams' fork, attain- ing the size of the mezquit; but I have not had an opportunity of determining shez names, One of them is described by Major Emory, in his report, as the “ Green-bark Acacia." An interesting fact respecting this tree is, that it forms a shelter for the propagation of the ۵ giganteus of that region. Every young cereus is protected and fostered by this tree until the cactus attains the size and hardihood that enables it to withstand the war of elements waged against it, when it ungraciously spurns its protector, ultimately destroying it, as we saw in numerous instances on our journey. POPULUS MONILIFERA—in Spanish, Alamo.—Cotton-wood.—Poplar. This tree is somewhat different from the cotton-wood of the Mississippi, which I believe is P. angulata. It is found east as far as the Canadian, and west until we cross the Sierra Nevada. In the Rio Grande valley it is used by the Mexicans for building. It is also employed for farming utensils, the most unique of which is their cart, or caretta, the wheels being made of a section of the tree. They are six or eight inches thick, and manufactured in the rudest manner. The timber is tough and hard; and although probably not as durable when exposed to the weather as some other kinds, yet I have no doubt it would answer very well for railroad ties, until a road could be formed to regions where more desirable timbers abound. It does not grow here near as tall as on the Mississippi river, but occasionally it is quite large and spreading. QUERCUS. Of the valuable genus of Oaks, we find about Fort Smith, and west as far as the Cross Timbers, all the varieties that are common to the more eastern States, all of which are well known. Besides the several species mentioned by Dr. Torrey, in Captain Sitgreaves' Report, most of which are doubtless in my collection, we found, at the Cajon Pass of the Sierra Nevada, a live- oak with a cupule an inch or an inch and a half in diameter. It is a beautiful and valuable timber tree, and doubtless it is a well-known Californian oak. It grows in various parts of California; but how widely it is diffused, I am unable to determine. It attains the height of eighty to one hundred feet, and is from two to four feet in diameter. The timber, from the character of the tree, must be valuable. DESCRIPTIONS OF VALUABLE OR REMARKABLE CALIFORNIA FOREST TREES. ` PINUS LAMBERTIANA, OR SUGAR-PINE. This is one of the most magnificent pines of the Sierra Nevada. We first noticed its appear- ance at San Bernardino, not far from San Diego; and it probably follows the course of the Sierra Nevada to Oregon. At Sonora, Mokelumne Hill, Nevada City, Downieville, and every place where I visited those mountains, at an elevation of 4,000 or 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, this noble tree is found in perfection. It ordinarily attains the height of two hundred feet, and is six to ten feet in diameter. It is very symmetrical and beautiful in shape, with a slender but graceful foliage, in which characters it probably exceeds every other pine tree of California. It forms a timber equal to that of any other in the world. Its grain is so straight and even, that thousands of houses in California are weather-boarded with shingles, which are merely split, without any other expense or work. There are many mills in the vicinity of Dow- nieville, Nevada City, Grass Valley, and Sonora, where lumber is manufactured and planed, by means of machinery, in quantities sufficient to supply vast regions in that country. Were it not that transportation is so expensive in California, the rapidly-increasing cities of San Fran- cisco, Saeramento, and all the coast region could be supplied with lumber of a quality far supe- rior to that brought from Oregon, with which their markets are now mainly furnished. 22 BOTANY. Professor Lindley (Vegetable Kingdom, page 228) observes of this tree and Abies Douglasii, that “they are probably the most valuable fir timbers of the whole family." And it will be remembered, the pine tribe stands at the head of the list of timber trees. WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA. This tree is popularly known, in the district where it grows, as the ‘‘ Mammoth Washington Tree." At this time it probably possesses more interest than any other American tree. Our backwoodsmen have known of its existence ever since the beginning of the California gold excitement, for it grows very near a rich auriferous region, about equidistant from Sonora and Mokelumne Hill, both of which districts are much resorted to by emigrants and gold-seekers. The so-called Mammoth Grove is north of those places, near the head-waters of Calaveras and Mokelumne rivers. Dr. Randall, the worthy president of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, had his attention called to the tree several years ago, and was persuaded it possessed characters generically distinct from the redwood, (Sequoia سس‎ and sent, more than eighteen months ago, large and beautiful Som dud of this tree, besides many iiher rare and new botanical specimens, to Drs. Torrey and Gray. Most unfortunately, the specimens were lost in the transit of the isthmus. Doubly unfortunate has it happened to us as Americans, because we have been anticipated, and prevented from giving it a proud American name, the WasHINGTONIA. Dr, Randall and his friends, being convinced of its being the type of a new genus, proposed to call it after our revered WASHINGTON, but not having books of reference at hand, he sent specimens (which, as before stated, were lost) to Drs. Torrey and Gray, for the purpose of having the tree described and published. In the mean time, Mr. Lobb, a seed col- lector for some society in Scotland, sent home enough to characterize the plant, which was done by Professor Lindley, in the London Gardeners' Chronicle. However, we must now be con- tented with the possession of the tree, as England must be with the empty name. From recent researches of Dr. Torry, I believe he is pretty well satisfied that this tree is not generically distinct from the redwood, and has bestowed on it the name of SEQUOIA GIGANTEA. A good generic character of this family is contained in the staminate flowers and stamens; and when these are procured and examined, this question can be satisfactorily settled. As considerable discussion has already been had with regard to the age of this tree, I may state, that when I visited it in May last, at a section of it eighteen feet from the stump, it was fourteen and a half feet in diameter. - As the diminution of the size of the annual rings of growth, from the heart or centre, to the circumference or sapwood, appeared to be pretty regular, I placed my hand midway, roughly measuring six inches, and carefully counted the rings on that space, which numbered one hundred and thirty, making the tree 1,885 years old. Since 1 came home, Dr. Torrey tells me he has actually counted every ring of a section of the tree, and found the number a little over 1,100. This makes a great discrepancy with Professor Lindley’s ` aecount in the Gardeners' مم سی‎ where it is estimated at more than 3,000 years. I believe it is asserted in the Chronicle that it must have germinated when Moses was a little boy ! A verbal or written description of the size of this tree, however accurate, cannot give one an adequate idea of its dimensions. It required thirty-one of my paces (of three feet each) to measure thus rudely its circumference at the stump. The only way it could be felled was by boring repeatedly with pump augers. It required five men twenty-two days to perform the operation. After they had succeeded in severing it at the stump, the shoulders were so broad, and the tree so perfectly equipoised, that it took the same five men two days in driving wedges with a battering-ram on one side of the cut, to throw it out of its equilibrium sufficiently to make it fall. The mere felling of the tree, at California prices for wages, cost the sum of $550. A short distance from this tree was another of larger dimensions, which, apparently, had been overthrown by accident some forty or fifty years ago. It was hollow for some distance, and when I was there, quite a rivulet was running ibrah its cavity. The trunk was three hundred feet in length ; the top broken off, and by some agency (probably fire) was destroyed. BOTANY. 23 At the distance of three hundred feet from the butt the trunk was forty feet in circumfer- ence, or more than twelve feet in diameter. Fragments of the same kind of tree, which had apparently been exposed to the vicissitudes of climate and weather the same length of time, and supposed to be from the individual tree that lies prostrate, are to be found projected in a line with the main body, one hundred and fifty feet from the top; proving to a degree of moral certainty that the tree, when standing alive, must have attained the height of four hundred and fifty or five hundred feet! ! At the butt it is one hundred and ten feet in circumference, or about thirty-six feet in diameter. On the bark, quite a soil had accumulated, on which con- siderable-sized shrubs were growing. Of these I collected specimens of currants and goose- berries on its body, from bushes elevated twenty-two feet from the ground. The mammoth trees are situated in a dense forest of sugar and yellow pines, balsam fir, white cedar, (Libocedrus decurrens, which, in its foliage, much resembles the American arbor vitee,) and a little yew, supposed to be Zaxus canadensis. Although it does not greatly exceed some of these in height, yet its stately and majestic bearing strikes the beholder with awe and wonder, and one almost involuntarily bows to it as the king of the forest. The bark is of a dull brown color, varying much in thickness, sometimes being fifteen inches or more. The whole number of these trees in existence, young and old, does not exceed five hundred, and all are comprised within an area of about fifty acres. Only eighty or ninety of them are of a gigantic size. "Their extremely limited locality and number forcibly impressed me with the belief that the species is soon to become extinct, as is further evinced by its slow reproduction. Indeed tliese giants of the forest are so marked in their rusty habit from their present associates, that we can hardly view them in their present relations, except as links connecting us with ages so long past, that they seem but reminiscences of an eternal bygone. "They seem to require but the process of petrifaction to establish a complete paleontological era. If Professor Lindley’s estimate of its age be correct, one tree only is propagated in six years ; or, if Dr. Torrey be correct, one only in two years. A remarkable peculiarity I observed with regard to their fruit cones, namely, they were in every state of development, from the germ to the ripe fruit. I was near them about the middle of May, when the ground was literally covered with their cones and seed. The leaves are triangular and scale-like, as in the cedars, but never dimorphous or expanded into flat lamina, like many others of the same tribe of Cupressine, as Dr. Gray supposed might be the case. The wood is deep red, much resembling that of the celebrated redwood of the Coast mountains, so that the two trees were confounded for a long time. The value of the wood for timber is a matter of speculation merely, as it is too limited in quantity and locality to excite much interest, except, indeed, to wrest it from its apparent doom by cultivating it in plantations. Such an experiment with so noble a tree would surely be worthy an assiduous and laborious trial. SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS.— Redwood. This, which was long known as the Taxodium sempervirens of Don, is a noble and splendid ree. 1t is found along the Coast mountains of California, from near the region of Monterey to Russian river, above the bay of Bodega; but, whether those are its extreme limits, I am unable to learn. It does not reach into the interior of the State, and is never found at any con- siderable distance from the Coast range of mountains. In the neighborhood of San Francisco, amid the deep mountain gorges, I have measured fallen trees eleven feet in diameter, and paced their length two hundred feet ; and I have seen others standing which appeared very much taller, but I had not the time, nor the means at hand, to measure them. I have been told, however, by men of credibility, that they grow from one hundred and eighty to three hundred feet high. It has been but lately separated from the genus Taxodium. The gifted, but unfortunate Doug- las, was among the first to notice the peculiar gigantic forms of these trees of California, and from this fact many English botanists ascribe to him the credit of discovering the still more gigantic Washingtonia. Another reason assigned for this opinion is, that he penetrated as far x 24 | BOTANY. north as 38? 45' north latitude, and saw gigantic trees, whence it is inferred he must have seen them both. But I have been assured by Dr. Randall, who was well acquainted with Douglas’ botanizing localities, that he never penetrated inland while in California, much less that he visited the mountains of the Sierra Nevada ; and, consequently, he could not have encountered the mammoth Washington tree. Little has been written of the valuable qualities of the redwood for timber, it having come into general use but for a comparatively short time—that is, since the settlement of California by Americans. The wood resembles the cedar a good deal in lightness and susceptibility of polish, but it is of a slightly darker shade of red. In the rural districts, along the coast, farmers use it for making fencing rails ; and it is almost certain to excite incredulity, to state the number of rails that can be made from a single tree. They are counted by thousands, as we count them by hundreds in the eastern States. For building purposes and cabinet work, it pro- bably excels every other tree in California. In the cities and: towns, where its transportation can be afforded, it takes the place of every other wood. Oregon lumber is frequently brought into the San Francisco market at a cheaper rate than it can be brought from the surrounding hills, only a few miles distant. The foliage of this tree is dimorphous, as in most of the cy press tribe; the younger and more thrifty branches having a two-ranked dilated lamina, as in the spruce, while the older ones assume the scale-like foliage of the cedar. I collected the old cones of last year's growth, but fear I failed to procure the seeds, all having already been shed. LIBOCEDRUS DECURRENS.— White Cedar. This tree, in California, is called ** white cedar,”” but it is quite different from the tree of the same name in the eastern States. I presume it is so called from its having somewhat of a resem- blance, in foliage and habit, to the American arbor vite. The fruit-cone, and the arrangement of the leaves, however, are quite different, and justify the botanist in separating it from the genus Thuya, to which it is closely allied. The excellent representation given by Dr. Torrey, in Plante Fremontiane, (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,) Plate 3, pp. 7 and 8, is correct, excepting that the fruit-cones are represented as being erect, whereas they are pendulous. This error probably resulted from the drawing having been made from dried specimens, rather than from nature. The tree is only to be found at an elevation of some four or five thousand feet above the level of the sea, in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. I found it fifteen or twenty miles southeast of Sonora, on the head-waters of the Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers, (both of which are considerable affluents of the San Joaquin,) south of 38? north latitude; and also on the head-waters of the Calaveras and Mokelumne rivers, in juxtaposition with the Wash- ingtonia. Dr. Torrey remarks, that it ranges as high as 41? on the head-waters of the Sacra- mento river. In company with the Washingtonia, it appeared nearly as tall as that tree. 6 certainly attains a height of over two hundred feet. The timber is much sought for by farmers in that region for making rails and fencing-timber, as it is considered superior in durability to the other species of pine in the neighborhood. The wood is very light, of a dirty yellowish hue, and is thought to be more durable than redwood. ToRREYA CALIFORNICA.— Nutmeg tree of California.! I found this interesting tree not very far from the coast, near Tomales bay, in a deep ravine, called ‘“ the Redwoods.’’ I am told that it grows also on the American fork of the Sacramento river. I was anxious to obtain the one from the latter locality, in order to determine whether it might not be a different species from that which grows near the coast, as the plants of the coast and Sierra Nevada mountain seldom intermingle. It has a foliage very similar to the spruce, but the fruit is very characteristic and different in appearance from any of the family in See a description of this tree by Dr. Torrey, in the New York Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. 2. It has since been described by Sir Williám Hooker, in the Botanical Magazine, under the name of Torreya Myristica. BOTANY. 25 America. It very much resembles the nutmeg—so much so, indeed, as at one time to deceive some pretty well informed persons, and make them believe it was not a ‘‘ wooden nutmeg,” but a nutmeg in fact—in quality as well as in appearance. It is a great pity that dame Nature should amuse herself by playing such pranks, and endanger the monopoly of our good Yankee friends in the manufacture of this aromatic luxury ! This tree grows from forty to fifty feet high, with very slender, drooping branches, and a thin, light foliage. The bark is smooth, pers whist resembling that of the common black mul- berry, and the wood hard and firm. Very little is known with regard to its durability or fitness for timber for railroad or domestic purposes. It is closely related to the Podocarpus of tropica] regions, and yews, which are common to the temperate regions of Europe and America. Ac- cording to Professor Lindley, these, and kindred genera, yield “timber which is unsurpassed for durability and elasticity ; from which we may safely infer that the timber of this tree, when it comes to be known and tried, will prove to be truly valuable. Unfortunately, we were not in California at the season for collecting the nuts, all of these haying been long before destroyed by squirrels, rats, and other vermin, which are said to be exceedingly fond of them. According to the statement of Dr. Randall, the nut is too bitter and terebinthinate to be of any use in domestic economy ; but no doubt it would make an ex- cellent remedial agent in many diseases. The true nutmeg is a native of the tropics of India and America, and widely separated from this tree in its botanical relationship. TAXUS CANADENSIS.— Yew. - I much regretted being unable to obtain the fruit of this plant. It grows in the forest, with the giant Washingtonia, and also at Downieville, about a degree and a half further north. Mr. Lobb, while there, pronounced it (without seeing the fruit, however) the Taxus baccatus, which is the European species. The tree is small, but the wood is very tough and elastic, being much prized by the Indians for making their bows. On examination of its fruit and seeds, it may turn out to be quite a distinct species from its Eastern congener. PINUS SABINIANA.—Sabine’s pine. This tree is so called by Dr. Randall and other California botanists, who have paid special attention to this department of botany. From not having proper books at hand for reference, we are unable to determine by whom it was first noticed or described. It is found on the lower western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, about Sonora, Mokelumne Hill, Grass valley, and Nevada city. On ascending the mountains its place is taken by Douglas’ spruce, sugar-pine, balsam- fir, white cedar, and the yellow pine, of that region. It bears a very large ovate cone, the scales of which are armed with large upturned, hooked spurs. The nut is said to be large and edible. This tree has not the erect and rigid appearance of most other pines, but is flexuous and crooked, like many deciduous-leaved trees. The foliage is also thin, of a very light green, giving it a very peculiar aspect, different from that of all other species of pine in California. The wood is tough and elastic ; but with regard to its durability, when exposed to the weather, no means of determination were had, from the fact that it is seldom or never used in the dis- - tricts where it grows. This results from the sugar and yellow pines being abundant, and much "per to it for lumber. PINUS INSIGNIS.—Leal pine. This pine, which I have named on the authority of Dr. Randall, is found along the Coast mountains, in the neighborhood of the city of San Francisco. It is found also on the Yuba river, in the vicinity of Nevada city. As it is not a very large tree, and neither used nor 4v 26 BOTANY sought for in the neighborhood where it grows, the presumption is that it cannot be very valu- able. This, however, is only a negative testimony against it, for it is surrounded and asso- ciated with other trees which are much superior. to it in size and beauty. - Pinus.—An undetermined species. High up in the mountains east of Sonora, (almost in the snowy regions,) and also at Paien Pass, a pine was discovered very nearly related to the yellow pine of this country, (P. b chyptera,) but the cone is larger and more cylindric; the scales armed with a strong d spine; the leaves longer, regularly in threes, and with a longer sheath. A very good figure was made of this pine > by our artist, Móllhausen. It isa large | tree, with a lighter-colored bark ` than the P. brachyptera, and fally as valuable for its timber. I am not certain thatitis a new species. ین aes‏ اک و وه it OEA‏ کرک ےڈا —————— y 1 (np 46 Rocky Dell (ree) (img $e Llano Estacade Valley of : the Can adian R tver‏ : ہس as EECH ھ702‎ Me e lahadian AN ¿ver ee, 477 «7 U.S. Pacific Rail Road Exploration a Survey. War Department. BOTANICAL PROFILE, represemtin$ the FOREST TREES Along the route explored by Lieut.A.W. WHIPPLE, Corps of Top'Eng” near the Parallel of 35° North Latitude. — UD کو‎ we rrom FORT SMITH ro SAN PEDRO. Prepared by J.M. BIGELOW, M. D. 71 Laas Boundary Gimp J (ana diay River Botanistto the Expedition ےم‎ Lith:of S Duval & Son Pul" 1 A e x AOS n o s EE > a E E پم هی و‎ a iS Š E x (Delaware Indians) | | x | | | om - $ bre | | | ersville = | oad f | | | | | 9 | | 3R | | | | | | | | 1 | load ( E 24 Beat Ceu ye 1 Camp Camp. مز‎ Head of Coal Griek Camp 8 Sars Bots E Camp Z Sans Bors Camp 10 | Mouth, Gaines Creek ( emn Li K E: TU SX ( aw Ms (amp 102 Turkey (FeeÁ i ump 9/71‏ گے - amp Wb E Y = ب“‎ = KI b. š P ás ~ 4 Í tis ` 7 S A y a < H x E: تم‎ "Ss pes + Ë. š ; AM.‏ سور بط E 2 390 $73 360 Mo 270 a 315 300 285 270 Ale | Xu Fedro Mt. San Dia, Mt ii ۳ Jan ^ zi — ` — a سنت سا‎ deg wil 7 ۳ T: yt J4 New Years Spri T "vl‏ ای X Ze Š š ‘ ne 5 : N | É = 有 = > k zeen Ss š š š ee ZE š š š W < n^i ` x : Sy yt at | bd ۱ ۱ H a £ Camp کے 5 / e (amp 47 Partru we | E damp Ei “i unt pe Io ine Lite IRS 7975 1960 i; 1945 1930 1215 1200 185 170 77 1095 1080 1065 1050 1035 1020 1005 9% 27 TIO af STENS EXPLANATIOM of SIGNS 2M | o E i Guercus sun. California Oak 3 E ) : S E > a ےت‎ ME SC EE E f / forni, Cak Juniperus Occidentali Sweet ¢ berried Cedar opulus molifira— Cotton Wood Alamo Cuercus daat ett. Gambol s Oak Ce q LE. S 3 e š I a / p- 3 Juglans e Vig ra — bi, ` Walnut Ulmus Americana aate Elm B سس‎ — ors GENEE | inque مھ‎ EE e ERPS v PII ops E 1 an arya tomentosa — ` hear Hickory Betula nigra Red Birch EE rH SOT i — P Quercus. ntgra — Black Jack à y . 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River + سو‎ edulis — Pinon Nut Pine Maclura aurantiaca Osag e Orange ¿UA parodia glandulosa — Mezquite b c UN. — = — gg ھکد ہد‎ L Pinus Ter x Re A Y KP : te E ja + "ne nis outhern Yellow fine Acer rubra — Maple ` Waw Strombocarpa putbescens — Carty Mezquite ` dim ur or RE Bue P A : : gh i s 2 Na ` , f > a 2 R p ó y 1 pee. : Pinus br achyntera — Jew Mexican Mlo Pine Neyundo Acervides — bl X= Gen. un. Green barked Acacia E ٦ 4 y ۱ o * 1 ° 3 EE = 一 $$ e € EE Wees L +4 lambertiana Sugar Pine p" lerasns serotina __ Bi ch Cherry š i (ereus gantens Es Gia nt cereus 3 E E 3 * y > 1 ` 9 : i 1 š "S ed > رت‎ ES. T ATUM : ET e p em r douglasu ga Douglass #7 9 ۳ E d runas Americana ld Plam xx Opuntia arborescens — Tree Cactus 一 一 (YE g di R 3 3 = a) eS da + E S / Y * 0 - = 2 + ~ A hes balsamea — Balsam ۴ Fraxinus acuminata Ié, Le Ash a s/t Un. Tree yucca = d NES AR سس ا‎ a "A a} e Ute mecs Ou: Juniperus F'irguuana Red Cedar MHatinus occidental Sycamore Button Wood Leriodendron tati cra — lulj tree yellow poplar 3 o x e | ! 1 1795 7778 SCH 1680 4665 | | Hay Camp D que A Gunn 65 ch 7 (anga A7 | Atris 477. / J à | um (amp (4. yen | | pe ¡Camp > o G 0 X E =. ا‎ E EA S 3 e. = ho cu NES = S | 9 ہے‎ = XS 六 RS X RS E 5 j alley of Colorado S e EN E e e B. ۹ — — 1 是 一 一 一 一 t : A ج‎ E S š ` & x: Ü T x S Š Š S 2 I? š 2 9 x : e IN A "S Eu y "uc S ï E ` ng ۶ d 5سس‎ > se š بهي‎ 8 ہہ یک‎ X EP ox, Hw = E N E š Py E 3 N Sy E 3 M E کی‎ Sa $ S CR > بج ہے جا‎ Ry و‎ N S tois 1 ۱ eae N === == = © - ^ | ep w > e eS S 7 2 ; ~ ^ SM $ "Y d Y "S h. سے‎ E ^ 9 S S SS ARS à be Ws Em EE eae. See ee اوت‎ ET i Í $ i E 9 ۱ | | E | Camp LO ( ae (Ay Jus | i | | | | | | l | | l | SS 7 CH Spring Jute. C i ae Sech | | ius | | Camp 111 1 | iy A andi y 114 Lj 113 | | | | | (h UL A 6 Camp ٹلا‎ | | cur | | Month Y | d ( d amp Soda Lake | | | N ۱ ` 0 e Camy L ` (amp MI ( Ge hy | | | | | | 124 | | d ۳۷7 129 (an y LAL Mind, B d 118 | | 195 / £ np 17 | ۳ amp 120 š Cam 7 j2 | | | | | 1 amp :93 y Ch D | | 2 à am 71 e D =s. 5 ~ > = "S Ze Ss £ am ji f. f cl O Š SIE ۔‎ 4 0 CS MS — e — ——] 1000 A K ` CES] 7000 Zeck ا‎ ` M نم‎ T M | 6000 RR 3000 ] 2000 ES E‏ سوہ 1 ; E 1 3 1 E EN. x d 1 No. 3. "DESCRIPTION OF THE CACTACEZ. BY GEORGE ENGELMANN, M. D., OF ST. LOUIS, AND JOHN M. BIGELOW, M. D. MAMILLARIA, Haw. I. EUMAMILLARIA. Englm. in Synops. ۰ 1. Mam. Wrong, Englm. in Rep. of Bound. Com.: Flowers and fruit were unknown until specimens brought from the Pecos fluwered in Washington. From these the following descrip- tion was drawn: ““Sepalis exterioribus triangularibus obtusiusculis fimbriatis sub-13, interioribus margine petaloideis acutis sub-8, petalis (purpureis) lanceolatis acuminatis aristatis sub-12; bacca succosa majuscula purpurascente floris rudimentis coronata ; seminibus obovatis basi acutis scro- bieulatis nigris. (Pl. IL) I am not certain whether the flower is actually lateral and the germen immersed, whether, therefore, this species actually belongs to the true Mamillaric, or to the subgenus Coryphantha; I am, on the contrary, inclined to consider at least the germen immersed. I, nevertheless, think it best to leave this species with the Crinite, to which it seems to be so nearly allied, till more complete observations establish the contrary. The flower is about one inch long, re? and margin of inner sepals bright purple; berry large aud pur- plish ; seeds about 0.7 lines long." “sae High plains near the Gallinas. Hills and rocky places near Anton Chico, on the Pecos, September 25, 1853. Santa Rita del Cobre mountains, near Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua. Wright and Bigelow, in boundary collections. 2. Mam. GRAHAMI, Englm. in Rep. B. C. Sand and gravelly banks of streams. Williams’ river to the Colorado Grande, January 26, 1854. 3. MAM. PHELLOSPERMA, Englm. in Synops. Cact. (M. tetrancistra Englm. in Sillim. Jour., Nov. 1852): Living specimens of this and the preceding species have been brought to Wash- ington, and are now growing in the Congressional garden. Few specimens only show more than one of the 4 central spines hooked. The manifestly improper name previously adopted had therefore to be altered. ‘‘I have substituted for it a name derived from the peculiar spongy or corky appendage of tue seed, which greatly resembles that of the seed of Potentilla paradora Nutt.’’—(Engelmann.) Sandy banks of streams, Colorado Grande and Mohave, February 4-23, 1854. The external habit of this plant very much resembles that of M. Grahami, and was collected in nearly the same localities. 4. MaM. MEIACANTHA, Englm. in Rep. B. C.: Distinguished from M. applanata by the fewer and stouter spines, central spine often wanting. Cedar plains near the Llano Estacado to the Pecos, September 23-27, 1853. 28 CACTACE X, II. CorYPHANTHA. Englm. Synops. Cact. 5. Mam. NUTTALLIT, Epglm.: var. y. robustior aculeis levioribus radialibus sub-12, centrali robusto. The northern and Texas plants have pubescent spines. Plains on the False Washita and Canadian, near Fort Arbuckle, August 22-29, 1853. 6. MAM. VIVIPARA, Haw. B. Nxo-MEXIOANA, Englm. in Rep. B. C.: Found in many different forms, from the plains of the Canadian, in longitude 100°, to the Aztec mountains; in longitude 112° west. The forms mostly belong to the var. ۰ Neo Mexicana: One of the specimens brought to Washington bore abnormal flowers, quite interesting in a morphological point of view. The ovary is 4-5 lines long, covered with 8-12 fimbriate sepals, (or scales,) much like the ovary of an Echino- cactus, the ovules deformed or wanting ; styles irregularly divided to the base, or nearly so, in 8-10 parts, stigmatose at the upper part ; other parts of the flower normal. This plant occurs in the greatest variety of altitudes through 12 degrees of longitude. Specimens of it were collected on the top of the Sandia mountains, near Albuquerque, upwards of 13,000 feet above the level of the sea, September 4, 1853, to January 17, 1854. ECHINOCACTUS, Link. No specimen of this genus was found till the Colorado Chiquito was reached. From there to the California mountains five species were observed, two only of which, E. Lecontü and E. Emoryi, had before been seen any where else. 1. E. WHIPPLEI, (sp. nov.): globosa-ovatus, costis 13-15 (sspe obliquis) interruptis tubercu- latis, areolis orbiculatus approximatis; aculeis radialibus compressis albidis, infra brevioribus, supra deficientibus ; aculeis centralibus 4 radiales superantibus, summo complanato recto albido ceteris plerumque longiore compresso-quadrangulatis fusco-atris, demum cinereo-rubellis, 2 lateralibus rectis sursum divergentibus, inferiore robustiore deorsum hamato; flore? bacca? seminibus oblique obovatis opacis minutim verrucoso-tuberculatis. (Plate I. This species was discovered on Lithodendrow creek, near the Colorado Chiquito, about 90 miles west of Zuñi, in sandy plains, December 3-4, 1853. At first only dead specimens were ound, afterwards young living ones were collected. It was not seen after leaving the valley of the Little Colorado. We have named this very pretty species in honor of Captain A. W. Whipple, the zealous and talented commander of this expedition. Our plant is from 3 to 5 inches high, and 2 to 3 or 4 in diameter. The outer spines are straight or slightly recurved 6-9 lines long, the lower ones shorter than the others. The two lowest lateral spines are darker, and almost form a cross with the two upper dark central spines ; the 5 other radial spines are white. "The upper central spine is the longest and broadest of all, being 12-18 lines long, and 4 to 1} line broad at base, and mostly straight, and directed upwards almost contiguous with the radial spines, the circle of which it seems to complete. The 3 other central spines are a little shorter, 12-15 lines long, nearly equal among themselves, quadrangular compressed, often somewhat curved, dark brown or black when young, with lighter tips; afterwards reddish, and finally of an ashy color. The lowest one has a sharp recurved hook, which is whitish on the convex side of the curvature. Among the debris of the dead specimens preserved, a number of seeds were found which no doubt belong to this species. "They are large 1.6—1.7 lines long, and 1.2 lines in diameter, very little compressed at the upper part, narrowed down to an acute point below the large orbicular hilum, and sharply carinate on the lower part of the back (opposite the hilum.) E. W hipplei evidently belongs to the section Hamati, found in numerous forms on the middle and lower Rio Grande; with. Z. polyancistrus it is, so far-as at present known, the only representative of this section west of the Rocky mountains. It-is more nearly-allied to-E. 7 £ à 2 š "E "TS 2. KT EE, TR ME ET رھد کی ہا کن ا‎ CSS 29 02ھ 06207 brevihamatus Englm. from Eagle Pass, the seeds of which are as yet unknown. It is, however, easily distinguished by the arrangement of the spines; the eastern species has 11 terete radial spines all around, and 4 central ones, the uppermost one being smaller and narrower than the lower hooked one. 2. E. POLYANCISTRUS, (sp. nov.): ovatus s. demum subcylindricus, costis 13-17 obtusis tuberculatis interruptis; areolis orbiculatis s. cum areola florifera. contigua minore ovatis, junioribus fulvo-tomentosis; aculeis radialibus sub-19 compressis albis, summo deficiente, superioribus latioribus longioribus apice adustis, lateralibus brevioribus, inferioribus brevissimis subsetaceis ; aculeis centralibus 2-3-formibus, summo singulo (rarius binis) compresso-quad- rangulato elongato albo apice adusto sursum curvato, reliquis 5-10 teretiusculis s. subangulatis purpureo-fuscis, 2 superioribus plerumque rectis (rarius uncinatis) ceteris omnibus arcete uncinatis ; floribus in axillis summis solitariis ; sepalis sub-25 orbiculato-ovatis abrupte acumi- natis mucronatis ciliatis, petalis acuminatis aristatis, stigmatibus 9-10. (Plate I, fig. 1-2.) On gravelly hills and sandy plains at the headwaters of the Mojave, on the eastern slope of the California Cordilleras, one day's journey before reaching the Cajon Pass. This elegant and striking species was collected March 15, 1854, with young flower buds. The plant is 4—10 inches high and 3-4 in diameter; areole 4 lines in diameter and (from center to center) 7-9 lines distant from one another; the younger ones covered with a reddish-yellow wool, The 4 upper radial spines 1-2, lateral ones 3-1, and lowest j inches long. The upper central spine is 3-5 inches long and 3-3 line wide; sometimes a second similar, but smaller, one is seen above or beside it. All the other central spines are bright purple-brown, the upper ones longer, (2-3 or even 34 inches long,) the others gradually shorten, the lowest not more than 14-13 inches long; the two uppermost brown spines are often straight, but sometimes, like all the lower ones, sharply hooked, the hooks being turned in different directions ; the convexity of the hook is of a paler color. In the young or smallest specimens we find only 5 brown spines, all hooked, one in the centre of the others; in others 5 to 7 or 8 brown hooked spines are counted, one central to the others, or all in a semi-circle, the upper part of the central circle always closed by the broad white spine. The flower buds were just forming in the axils of the half-grown spines ; those glandular organs which divide the floriferous from the spiniferous areolae in Æ. Setispinus, and other species, seem to be very partially only, and incompletely developed in this species. 3. E. Le Contr, Engelm. in B. C. Rep.: ingens ovatus s. ovato, cylindricus, costis 20-30 compresis sub-obtusis interruptus, areolis elengato-oblongis approximatis; aculeis radalibus inferioribus superioribusque robustioribus 8-10 angulatis subannulatis plus minusve recurvatis aculeis extimis lateralibus summisque 10—15 tenuioribus setaceis flexuosis ; aculeis centralibus 4 compressis carinatis annulatis 3 superioribus sursum inferiore deorsum curvatis; floribus plurimis subcentralibus, ovario squamis 30-40 reniformibus tecto, sepalis tubi oblongis 20-30, petalis 25-30 angustis sulphureis, stylo ad medium in stigmata sub-14 linearia subacuta diviso ; bacca globosa sicca squamosa floris rudimentis coronata, seminibus oblique obovatis compresis sublucidis minutissime scrobiculatis.—(Plate 1, figs. 3-5.) This gigantic species was first noticed by Dr. John L. Le Conte, on the lower Gila, where also Dr. C. C. Parry saw it. Both took it for the New Mexican E. Wislizeni, to which, indeed, it bears a great resemblance in habit as well as in botanical characters, but the seed that I received from the first-named gentleman at once satisfied me that I had a distinct species before me. Subsequently Dr Bigelow met with this remarkable plant, abundantly, from the Cactus Pass, at the head waters of Williams’ river, down this stream to the Colorado, and west of it till E. Polycephalus took its place.—(Englemann.) It grows on rocky or gravelly plains and ravines, and often in crevices of perpendicular rocks, to the height : sometimes of 5 feet by 2 feet diameter. The ribs are somewhat interrupted by a transverse incision between the areolae. 30 CACTACE Z, These areolae in the specimen before us are 8 lines long by 4 wide, and only + inch distant from one another. In some specimens of E. Wislizeni the same closeness is observed, while in others, especially young and vigorously growing ones, they are often over one inch distant, The four principal central spines are 2-21 inches long, lateral ones more quadrangular, the upper and lower ones flat and flexible; the former carinate above, the latter below. This lower one is rather the longest and 11-13 lines broad, almost straight or somewhat curved, but never (in the specimens brought home) hooked. The other spines are 11-2 inches, the lowest are only about 1 inch long. Five radial spines are arranged below the four central ones and three to five above, three of which are often pushed into the centre by the flexuous bristly spines which occupy the space between the upper and lower radial ones and the uppermost part of the areola. At the upper end of the areola, and between it and the floral areola, we meet with the same obtuse cylindric ligneous (when young, fleshy) glands which divide the spiniferous from the floral 2۳60122 in several of our species of Echinocactus, 3-5 in number in the species before us, about one line long. We had the good fortune to collect a single wen of the fruit, (the only one found,) which is globose, } inch in diameter, and, together with the persistent remains of the flower, about 2 inches long. Dr. Le Conte has noticed “a crown of yellow fruits on the plant, about 2 or 23 inches long." The dissection of the dead flower indicates a structure very similar to that of E. Wislizeni; petals apparently fleshy and narrow; stamina numerous, very few from the base, the majority from the middle and the upper thickened end of the short tube; style 10 lines long, divided nearly down to the middle into 14 sub-erect filiform stigmata; seed black, oblique-obovate, compressed, carinate on lower part of back, somewhat shining, and very lightly pitted, (under the glass,) 0.8-0.9 lines long; hilum small, oval; albumen rather small; embryo ovate, straight, with short hooked cotyledons. Mr. Schott has found this species abundantly in Western Sonora and the Gadsden purchase. The flowers are yellow, and similar to those of E. Wislizeni, but rather smaller; the stems are generally much higher and thick, and of a clavate shape; lower central spine sometimes almost hooked. Echinocactus Wislizeni is distinguished by the less flattened, less flexible, stouter spines, the lower central one being channelled above and strongly hooked; by having only three lower radial spines, dc. The distinction indicated by the spines is confirmed by the shape and structure of the seeds ; and thus the plants of the Colorado and of the Rio Grande are distinct representatives of the same type on both sides of the Rocky mountains. 4. E. Wisuizent, Englm. in Wisl. Rep., (PL III, fig. 1-2.)— This plant is very abundant in the neighborhood of El Paso, where it was first found, many years ago, by Dr. Wislizenus. The fruit and seed of this plant were collected by Captain Whipple in the neighborhood of the Cereus giganteus, while engaged in surveying the Gila, on the boundary commission, in 1852. There possibly may be some doubt about its growing in that region, hówever, from the fact that Captain Whipple's fruits were labeled ‘‘ Cereus giganteus,” and were not collected by a botanist. In our present expedition, when I first found a giant Echinocactus—E. Le Contei—at Cactus Pass, I was sure, in common with Drs. Parry and Le Conte, that it was E. Wislizeni, which I had often seen before at Doña Ana. I was most happy, however, in being able to securé even a single specimen of the fruit and seeds of that plant, by means of which, with the spines I collected, it has been identified and confirmed by the acute observations of my friend, Dr. Engel- mann. It may be well to observe here, that the figure of this plant, in Major Emory's report, was made from a specimen seen on the headwaters of the Gila, near the mouth of the Azul branch, not far from Sauta Rita del Cobre, or Copper Mines, and at least four pi, re of pis casadas” eist of keng سم"‎ "e" I first met M Le — CRAT rS credere Loa os auct EE Et, AS Se y SOT CIT CACTACEJE. 81 5. E. Emoryr, Engelm. in Emory's Report, 1848: globosus, costis 13 tuberculatis, tuberculis prominentibus obtusis distantibus; areolis ovatis; aculeis subequalibus robustis annulatis sub- compressis recurvatis s. rectiusculis fuscis versus apicem corneis, radialibus 7 (lateralibus 6, singulo inferiore breviore) s. addito summo rarius 8; centrali singulo teretiore — longipes robustioreque, porrecto s. demum deflexo curvato s. subudicianto: (Plate 11], fig. 3 Collected west of the Co'orado, in the valley of the Mojave, mixed with E. ۳ ۳ and iherefers not further noted. The only specimen preserved is 9 inches in diameter, sub-globose, below contracted, pear-shaped, or almost stiped. On the lower part of the plant the areole are elevated on distinct ovate or sub-cylindric tubercles, which higher up become connected in 8 and on the upper part of the plant in 13 ribs; tubercles og this part of plant 3—# inch in height and diameter; areole 1} inch distant, 4 inch long, a m less wide; the floral ۰ smaller, closely connected with the former, separated from it by 1-3 WS glandular bodies, half or mostly hidden in the tomentum. Radial spines 13-2 inches long; the four upper lateral ones longer and stouter, the two lower ones more slender; the lowest spine the shortest, (1-14 inch long,) secured like the others, or rarely hooked, بات اه‎ to the shape of that spine in E. Viridescens. An eighth upper radial spine, similar to the others, is sometimes observed. The stouter cen- tral spine is about 2 inches long, at the point strongly recurved, or often almost hooked. Spines of a reddish-brown color, lighter horn-colored, and somewhat transparent at tip. This is probably the plant collected and figured by Major William H. Emory, in General Kearny's expedition to California in the fall of 1846, and then named after him. We collected. only one young specimen, probably on the Lower Colorado, from which this description is taken. Mr. Schott has found the plant abundantly south of the Gila river, and it is known to extend to the Gulf of California. We procured a large specimen in San Francisco, (said to have been brought from Guaymas,) which is now flourishing in the public garden at Washington. This species has, when full grown, a height of 3 and a diameter of 2 feet, and 18-21 ribs. The large flowers ave deep red, similar in form to those of E. Wislizeni. 6. E. POLYCEPHALUS (sp. nov.): globosus, demum ovatus cylindricusque mu'ticeps, (e basi ramosus,) vertice dense tomentoso, costis 13-21 acutis; areolis ovate-orbiculatis junioribus tomentosissimis ; aculeis 8-12 robustissimis compressis annulatis plus minus recurvatis juniori* bus puberulis cinereo rubellis apice nudatis rubicundis; aculeis radialibus 4-8 infimo deficiente, superioribus si extant gracilioribus; centralibus 4 robustissimis 4-angulatis compressis, superi- ore latiore suberecto s. sursunr curvato, inferiore longiore decurvo ; floribus in vertice congestis ; ovario lana nivea ex axillis sepalorum 90-100 linearium demum spinescentium orta densissime vestito, sepalis tubi infundibuliformis 100-120 lineari-lanceolats aculeato-aristatis purpnrascen- bus, interioribus margine petaloideis, petalis laciniato-fimbriatis herbacea-aristatis sub-30 flavis, stigmatibus 8-11 linearibus acutis; bacca globosa sicca flore coronata, lana densa involuta ; seminibus magnis irregulariter engulatis minutim (sub lente) verrucosis, opacis. (Pl. III, fig. 4-6. and gravelly hills and dry beds of torrents from 20 miles west of the Rio Colorado to‏ رسس about 150 miles westward up the Mojave; found in fruit in the beginning of March. This‏ distinguished species is simple only when quite young; even the small globose plants show‏ several heads from one base, and older cylindric stems have as many as 20 or 30 heads, all‏ pretty nearly of the same ۳ the globose ones are 6-9 inches in diameter; the ovate heads‏ are 12-15 inches high by 8-10 i in diameter, and the largest cylindric stems seen were 2-24‏ high by less than a foot in diameter. The number of ribs varies, in old specimens it is‏ generally 21. Areolae about half an inch in diameter, and + inch distant from one another ;‏ floral areolae smaller, without the ligneous glandular organs noticed in others. The spines in‏ a young 5-ribbed living specimen before us are 7 radial and 1 central one; very soon, however,‏ the 4 upper larger spines become central and 4 lower spines are arranged radially ; even in old‏ 32 CACTACEA. and full grown specimens sometimes not more than these 8 spines are found, the 4 upper ones (which are in this case perhaps rather improperly designated as central) stouter and cruciate, and the 4 lower ones arranged around the lower half of the areola, Generally, however, 2 upper radial spines, weaker and less curved than the 4 lower ones, make their appearance ; and in a few specimens before us we find 3-4 upper radial spines, the uppermost ones being quite slender. In the field we noted as many as 15 spines occasionally, when no doubt 7 occupy the place of upper radial ones. The central spines are always very stout but very different in size ; in some: specimens we find them 1} to 13, while in others they are 2 to 34 inches long ; they are nearly straight or very much curved; the upper one is often 14 to 2 lines wide, the lower one the longest. " The yellow flowers seem to make their appearance in February as the fruit ripens In March ; the ovary and the fruit are enveloped in dense pure white cottony wool, which originates from the axis of the lower sepals and through which only the dark reddish-brown spinulose points of the sepals are visible. The incomplete description of the flowers was made from withered. specimens adhering to the fruit. Tube of flower funnel-shaped, short and rapidly widening towards the upper end, naked (without free stamina) at the lower part. Petals about 1 inch long and 2 lines wide. Style 1-14 inch long, stigmata 4 lines long. Fruit dry 8-10 lines: in diameter, together with the remnants of the flower about 2 inches long, open at base when falling off; like the fruit of many if not most of our Echinocacti, seeds 2 lines long, 13 line broad, irregularly shrivelled, appearing rugose and angular, much like those of the nearly: allied E. laticostatus, (horizonthalonius Lem.); hilum transversely oval; embryo curved, the cotyledons buried in the large albumen, accumbent, sometimes oblique. This species is very nearly allied to E. Parryi, Englm. Synops. Cact. of the neighborhood of El Paso, but this latter species is depressed globose, much smaller, simple, with only 13 ribs, whiter, less flattened spines; fruit and seed are said to be the same, but unfortunately have been lost and cannot be compared ; no doubt satisfactory diagnostic characters will be dicovered in the seeds; the fruit of E. horizonthalonius and ۰ A. are also n the latter, however, though woolly, i is not dry. Very different in flower and fruit but very similar in shape, in the many heads, numerous ribs, and stout curved annulated spines, is E. cylindraceus, discovered by Dr. Parry a few degrees further south on the eastern slope of the Sierra. We shall repeatedly have occasion, especially among the Opuntic, to indicate the remarkable analogies in the external form or in the more: essential character of Cactacec in different geographical divisions of the southwest. : _ CEREUS, Haw. Subgen. ECHINOCEREUS. 1. CEREUS VIRIDIFLORUS, Englm. in Wisl. Rep. Subnom. Echinocereus. On the plains east of New Mexico, near the 100th degree of longitude, to the mountains of the Rio Grande, September 12, 1853. i 2. C. casprrosus, Englm. in Plant. Lindh. 1. c. The most eastern of all our Cerei! and only found in the plains. It was first seen about 170 miles west of Fort Smith, near the 96th degree, about the same longitute where Mr. Lindheimer first discovered it on the Brazos, four degrees further south. Its western limit seems to be near the 100th degree, where the range of C. viridi, commences. It may not be uninteresting to observe that this is the first time that this interesting genus has been ا‎ within the boundaries of the United States under the اجو و‎ of EXE XM (T CACTACE. 83 3. C. FzNpLERI, Englm. in Pl. Fendl.: Seen first on the high plains 50 miles east of the Pecos, about the 105th degree, and extending from there over the mountains of New Mexico westward to the Aztec mountains, near the 113th degree. Southward it has been seen as far as El Paso. The ovate or mostly elongated cylindric heads are simple or few together, and of a dark green color; they are characterized by the dark central spine, which is very bulbous and curved upwards, and by the lower radial spines being by far the stoutest, the lowest being 4-angular. Flower and fruit have been described elsewhere. Var. B. PAUPERCULUS, with only about 6 spines, the central one assuming the place of an upper radial spine, was also found near the Pecos. It hardly deserves the designation of a distinct variety, as occasionally complete bunches of spines occur on thé same plants with the depau- perate ones. 4. C. MOJAVENSIS (sp. nov.): ovatus, dense ceespitosus, 10-11—costatus, glaucescens; areolis orbiculatis junioribus dense albo-tomentosis distantibus; aculeis basi bulbosis teretiusculis s. subangulatis robustis elongatis curvatis, radialibus 7-8, infimo superioribusque debilioribus, lateralibus longioribus, centrali singulo angulato sursum incurvato. (Plate IV, fig. 8. Var. 8? ZUNIENSIS: dense ceespitosis 10-costatus, areolis paulo minoribus, aculeis tenuioribus basi bulbosis quadrangulatis rectis s. paulo curvatis flexuosisve, radialibus 8 infimo graciliore, summo robustiore longioreque, centrali singulo robustiore longiore recto s. sursum incurvo. (Pl. IV, fig. 9.) Found between the Rio Colorado and Mojave creek, with Echinocactus polycephalus and Opun- tía erinacea, etc., a region rich in rare Cactacee. The oval heads, 2-3 inches high, and 14-2 inches in diameter, form dense cespitose masses much like C. pheniceus. The areole are 3 lines in diameter, 6 lines or more distant from one another. The long and very bulbous spines are curved and interlocked so as almost to hide the body of the plant. Upper and lower radial spines 9-15 lines, the uppermost one wanting or weaker than the rest ; lateral spines 15-25 lines long, ashy-red when young ; central spine more angled 14-21 inches long, dusky; all spines ashy-gray when old. C. Zuniensis seems to form an intermediate link between this and the next species, but resem- bles most the former, to which for the present—not knowing flower and fruit—we doubtfully draw it as a variety. It was found near Cañon Diablo, on the Colorado Chiquito, about 120 miles west of Zuñi. Its manner of growth and whole appearance is very much like that of the Mojave species, the spines are weaker, straighter, and more angular; the principal difference consists in the stout upper radial spine, which is similar to the central spine. Young areole nearly 3 lines in diameter, 4-6 lines distant ; lowest radial spine 6-9 lines, lateral ones 9-15, and upper one 12-18 lines long ; central spine 11-2 inches long, very bulbous at base. Young spines straw colored, old ones ashy. C. Mojavensis seems to be nearly allied to C. Fendleri, (in both the spines are very bulbous at base, the central one single, angular, and curved upwards,) but the cespitose growth, glaucous color, longer radial spines, the lowest one of which is weakest, seem to distinguish it. The examination of numerous specimens in loco, and the flower and fruit only can decide here whether they are distinct, or forms of a single species, and this indeed is the case with all those Cactacee the flower and fruit of which are unknown to us. 0. Zuniensis was collected December 18, 1852, and the Mojave plant March 4, 1854. 5. C. GONACANTHUS (sp. nov.): ovatus simplex s. e basi parce ramosus costis 7 interruptis, areolis magnis orbiculatis distantibus, aculeis robustis angulatis rectis s. varie curvatis flexuo- sisve, radialibus 8, inferioribus lateralibusque quadrangulatis flavidis basi et seepe apice obscuris, 5r 34 CACTACE JE. infimo breviore, summo elongato robusto multangulo obscuro erecto aculeum centralem similem multangulatem erecto-patentem subzequante, rarius excedente. (Plate V, fig. 2-3. On high sand-bluffs, covered with scattering cedars, near the natural well, about 40 miles west of Zuñi, near the 109th degree. Only seen in that locality. This species resembles, in its growth and the character of its species, C. triglochidiatus ; it is simple or has 2 or 3 heads, 3-5 inches high; the young areole are very tomentose, 3-4 lines in diameter, and 6-10 lines distant from one another ; the lower radial spine is 8-12, the others 10—15 lines long, pale or dirty yellow when young ; the upper radial spine is much stouter and longer than the others, and resembles the central spine in shape, size, and color; in the few specimens at our disposal, we find it from 1} to 24 inches long ; sometimes it assumes a more central place in the areolæ, the the two upper lateral spines ¿Mnost closing above it, very rarely a small tenth spine appears above it. The central spine is 14-23 inches long, 1 line in diameter, deeply furrowed, and 6 or 7 angled ; it is longer, equal to or rarely shorter, than the upper radial spine. Both those spines are almost black or mottled yellowish and black when young, and become, with all the others, gray when old. Collected November 29, 1853. ` 6. C. TRIGLOCHIDIATUS, Englm. in Wisl. Report, Sub-Echinocereo: In rocky cañons at the Rio Gallinas, east of the Pecos, and from there to the Sierra Madre, near Mount Taylor; not noticed farther west; always with few branches, or nearly simple. Major Brooks, the com- mandant of the fort at Santa Fé, informed me that the fruit of this species is edible, like many other allied species. Collected September 28, 1853. 7. C. HEXAËDRUS, (sp. nov.): ovatus, simplex seu e basi parce ramosus; costis 6 obtusiusculis subinterruptis, sulcis latis superficialibus, areolis orbiculatis distantibus; aculeis tenuioribus rectis rigidis subangulatis basi bulbosis, radialibus 5—7 e flavido rubellis, inferiore breviore, summo sepe robustiore, centrali robustiore longiore acute-angulato juniore fuscato, sepe defi- ciente. (Plate V, fig. 1.) On sandy hills, under cedars, about fifteen miles west of Zuñi. Few heads 4-6 inches high, 2-23 in diameter, with six obtusish ribs, separated by wide and shallow grooves, Areolae tomentose when young, only 1j line in diameter, 6 or 8 lines distant. Spines slender, but stiff ; quite bulbous at base; lower ones 5-10, upper ones 8-15 lines long; mostly 6 radial spines, without a central one, the uppermost being the stoutest, longest, and darkest one, but smaller where a central spine is present. In a single instance, we found 7 radials, and in another one 2 compressed central spines; central spine usually 12-15 lines long. From the nearly allied, more southern Cereus paucispinus, Engl. ined., this northwestern form is principally distin- guished by the slender and angular spines. But as of neither of them we know the flower and fruit, we cannot form definite conclusions as to their specific distinction. "These forms and C. triglochidiatus have a smaller number of ribs than any other species of this section. Collected November 28, 1853. 8. C. PHOENIOEUS, Englm. in Synop. Cact., E. coccineus; Englm. in Wisl. Rep. non De C. nec. Salm. (PI. IV, fig. 1.) Found from the Upper Pecos to Albuquerque and Santa Fé, also five degrees further west, on the San Francisco mountains. The specimens perfectly agree with the description given in Wislizenus's report. The numerous heads, 2-3 inches high, about 2 inches in diameter, form dense cespitose masses, often one foot or more across. Areole 3-4 lines distant, large; spines slender, almost setaceous, with very slightly bulbous base, 8-12 radial ones, 3-6, 1-3 central ones 5-10 lines long; upper radial spines much shorter than lower ones. e The following form seems very distinct, especially in its manner of growth ; but we have seen intermediate forms which seem to indicate the necessity of uniting both. Such questions, however, can only be solved satisfactorily by careful examination of flower and fruit, which are as yet unknown, and by extensive observation of these plants in their native wilds. Sky Se EE EE E IZ 1 CACTACER. 35 9. SuB-sPECIES C. CONOIDEUS: ovatus versus apicem conoideo-acutatus parce e basi ramosus, costis 9-11 tuberculatis, areolis orbiculatis s. subovatis junioribus albo-tomentosis, aculeis basi bulbosis, radialibus 10-12 tenuibus rigidis rectiusculis, summis brevibus, lateralibus inferiori- busque longioribus, centralibus 4, (rare 3-5,) superioribus radiales vix superantibus infimo multo longoire 4-angulato sepe complanato porrecto s. deflexo. (Plate 4, fig. 4-5.) . On rocky and mountainous localities on the Pecos, Cer. Roemeri, Muhlenpf., not Englm., from the San Saba, in Texas, seems to agree well with our plant, but the description is not full enough to decide about their identity. Heads 3. 4 inches high, single or few, of unequal height together; remarkable on account of their conical or acutish shape uniformly observed. Areol 4-6 lines distant; spines white or straw colored, larger central one often dusky when young; radial spines slightly bulbous at base; upper ones 2-5 lines, lateral ones 6-15 lines long, and lower ones hardly a little shorter ; central spines very bulbous; upper ones not much longer than the lower radial ones; lower cen- tral spine sharply quadrangular, mostly compressed, often deflexed and curved, 1-3 inches long. On the San Francisco mountains, a specimen was collected with 11 ribs, 8-9 radial spines, (4-12 lines long,) the uppermost shortest, and 3-4 reddish-gray central spines, very bulbous at base, the lowest longest (12-20 lines long) and angular. In superficial appearance, this plant resembles C. Mojavensis, but it must be referred here, and seems to indicate a range of this form through seven degrees of longitude. A specimen from Anton Chico, on the Pecos, seems to unite C. conoideus with C. pheniceus. Areole more distant than the latter; spines longer; 3 central spines, lower one somewhat curved and angular. Collected September 28 and December 18, 1853. 10. C. ENGELMANNI, Parry, var. and VARIEGATUS: ovato-cylindricus simplex s. parce e basi ramosus 12-costatus, areolis orbiculatis approximatis, aculeis exterioribus sub-13 gracilibus. rigidis albis apice sphacelatis adpressis lateralibus longioribus, summis deficientibus; aculeis centralibus 4 cruciatis (raro 5) plus minus curvatis infimo elongato angulato albo decurvato, ceteris brevioribus teretiusculis nigris corneisque variegatis; floribus ex axillis areolarum vetustiorum inferiorum ; bacca ovata sicca pulvillis numerosis setas tenues albidas plurimas gerentibus stipata; seminibus obovato-subglobosis compressis rugoso-tuberculatis opacis, (Plate V, fig. 4-7.) Var. 8? CHRYSOCENTRUS, cylindricus parce e basi ramosus 10-12-costatus, areolis magnis; aculeis radialibus 12-14 albis superioribus setaceis brevibus, inferioribus longioribus robusti- oribus angulatis compressis rectis s. paulo incurvis, centralibus 4, superioribus rigidis robustis basi bulbosis angulatis rectiusculis elongatis, erectis vitellinis, وی ای‎ angulato compresso albo recto paulo breviore deflexo; floribus ex inferiore plantee parte; bacca ovata pulvillis paucis aculeos setosos longiores albos gerentibus stipata. (Plate V, fig. 8-10.) On the Cactus mountains and at the head of Williams river, degrees 1134 longitude. Heads 4-9 inches high, single or few, not more than 4-6 together; areola 2-4 lines distant ; radial spines 3—5 lines long, upper central spines 3 or sometimes 4, black on the upper, and horn- colored on the lower side and towards the point, 1-13 inches long, lower central white, 14-2 inches long. Position of fruit on lower half of plant much like that of C. chloranthus, E. ined , only 6-8 lines long, crowned with the remains of the (red?) flower. Seed 0.6-0.7 line long compressed, tubercles sometimes irregularly confluent and leaving pits between the ridges, lower part of the back with a smooth carina, hilum oval. Var. f CHRYSOCENTRUS, named after its deep golden-yellow spines, is, probably, not specifically distinct, though the straighter, stouter, and less divergent spines give it a very peculiar appear- ance. It was found where C. variegatus disappears on the lower part of Williams’ river, and was seen from there to the Mojave creek, and up that stream to the Sierra Nevada. Stems 5-10 inches high, areola 6-7 lines distant, young ones 24-3 lines in diameter. Upper radial spines 3-5, lateral 5-7, and lower ones 7-12 lines long; the latter flattened and often curved up. 36 ` A CACTACEAX. Upper central spines 3 or sometimes 4, 2-3 inches long, bulbous and angular at base, terete above; lower central spine 13-23 inches long, flattened. Spines on fruit 3-8 lines long, fewer and stouter than in the other form. Cereus Engelmanni, Parry, has been found abundantly by Mr. A. Schott on the lower Gila ; a specimen brought home evidently seems to unite them, and consequently C. variegatus and C. chrysocentrus are to be considered forms of it. I am acquainted with the habitus of about 15 or 16 species of the subgenus EcutwocEREUs. All of them are of low growth, (I write of those only with which I am acquainted,) never more than 12, seldom more than 8, and often less than 5 inches in height. All, also, are more or less cespitose, or branching from the root; some of them slightly, others very much so. Cereus viridiflorus, chloranthus, dasyacanthus, ctenoides, ceespitosus, longisetus, Fendleri, gonacanthus, hexcedrus, paucispinus, and Engelmanni, grow in small irregular tufts, or masses, some of the joints or stems being much taller than others. Some of them, such as C. TG See dasya- canthus, ctenoides, ceespitosus, and Fendleri, are often nearly simple, or having but few branches? while others, such as C. chloranthus, longisetus, gonacanthus, hexcedrus, paucispinus, and Engel- manni, have usually 8-20 joints. (C. polyacanthus, phoeniceus, and enneacanthus are much braziliai and grow in somewhat flattened masses, sometimes with a circular outline, but not always, all the joints being of nearly an equal height. C. stramineus always forms a dense hemispherical mass, of a perfectly regular contour—the central joints being the oldest and longest—9-12 inches high, gradually subsiding towards the cireumference of the mass until the extreme outer stems are not more than 2 inches high. C. Mojavensis often grows similarly, but I have also seen it in much broader masses, containing 500—800 heads or joints ; in such cases it is always flattened on the top. Where this state occurs, the central joints are as high as in the hemispherical masses, but the hemispheric contour is destroyed by the longitudinal extension of the joints, forming masses sometimes 4 or 5 feet in diameter. O. pheniceus and C. conoideus, two forms which Dr. Engelmann has united into sub-species, are quite different in their manner of growth. C. pheniceus, as stated above, grows in irregular flattened masses, while C. conoideus has the more elevated and somewhat hemispherical shape of C. stramineus. On account of the unfavorable season of the year (October—March) during our journey through regions of these cacti, we were unable to procure the flower or fruit of any of these plants. In our friendly correspondence with Dr. Engelmann, I insist that C. pheniceus and C. conoideus are distinct species, and (from analogy only) I assume that when the flower of C. conoideus is obtained, it will be found to be a purple, while that of C. pheniceus is crimson. Time and observation, however, are the only decisive arbiters of such controversies. Subgen. ان‎ 8 ۰ Of Cereus proper only one species was seen, viz: 11. CEREUS GIGANTEUS, Englm.: Williams’ river to the Colorado of the west, February 4 to February 22, 1854. This is the most northern true Cereus that we have, being found as high as latitude 349, while Cer Greggii and Emoryi are found only a little above latitude 32°. This plant has a considerable range, extending south, from this place to near latitude 28? in the vicinity of Guaymas Sonora. The fruit under the Mexican name of Pitajaya, pronounced Pit-a-zi-ah or Pit-ai-yah, is a great source of sustenance to the Mexicans and Indians of the regions where it grows. Conserves and molasses, or syrup, are made from them which are preserved during the winter season for future use. They are very pleasant to the taste in a fresh state. As the fruit grows near the top of the tree at an altitude of 25 to 50 feet and being very large and pulpy, if permitted to ripen and drop to the ground, they burst and are almost rendered unfit for use. The Indian mode of collecting them is to take a long light pole, make a fork at the top by tying a short piece to it, by which they contrive to bring them within reach. Birds and every kind of animal and insect that can reach them are so fond of them that man ` 0۰ I 87 of them are thus destroyed. My friend, Mr. Schott, of the Mexican boundary, who has lately returned from that desolate but rather interesting region, informs me that still further south this interesting plant is replaced by another not so large 一 but still a great cactus. This is very probably the one collected by Mr. Thurber, described and named by Dr. Engelmann, in Silli- man's Journal, Cer. Thurberi. The pitajaya of this species, according to Mr. Schott, is the principal support of the Papige Indians. It is much larger, sweeter, more juicy than that of the Cer. giganteus. The color of the pulp is also of a much brighter red. In consequence of the remote and unhospitable region of this curious and interesting cactus; our acquaintance with it became very gradual. Dr. Englemann thinks that Baron Von Hum- boldt, in his work on New Spain, must have had reference to this plant, but this is quite uncertain because no characteristics are given of his cacti (organos del Lunal) except size and edible fruit, and many other large species of both cerei and opuntis are long and well known to yield them. In 1846, Major Emory first collected seeds and made figures of it which, on being presented to Dr. Engelmann, he was unable to pronounce it a true Cereus and at that time very appropriately named it. Subsequently, (winter and spring of 1852,) Dr. Parry, under Major Emory, visited that region, collecting spines, wood, &c., and making copious notes on the ground, enabled Dr. Engelmann to give a good diagnosis of it, Still Dr. Parry was unable to procure the flower or fruit on account of the lateness of the season. It was reserved for Mr. Thurber, who repassed this region in the summer of 1852, to collect complete specimens, and Dr. Engelmann, in a subsequent number of Silliman's Journal, has given a complete description of it. (Vide Amer. Jour., Vol. XVII, 2d series, March, 1854.) To the several excellent accounts given of this tree by Dr. Engelmann, little of interest can be added. As noticed by Drs. Parry and Engelmann, the number of ribs at the base is about 12, and they ۵ upward, by bifurcation and addition,” to the largest circumference of the tree, which is about 15-18 feet from the ground, and where also usually the few branches are given off. Here the ribs sometimes number 30, and from this point upward they decrease in number to 18-20. The wood at the base of old specimens becomes a perfect hollow cylinder, and from thence upward to the first branches, instead of being solid it becomes a reticulated net-work of bundles of wood continuing the hollow cylinder as is seen on a smaller scale in the wood of Opuntia arborescens. These trees in abundance give the landscape a very peculiar appearance, and from their novelty and entire dissimilarity to any others, at first is not only curious but pleasing, but as the eye becomes accustomed to it, a gradual transition takes place in ones feelings and from being pleasing they at last become monotonous and repulsive. This feeling, however, may be some- what accounted for by the surrounding sterility of the land. As far as the eye can reach in the vallies or on the mountains, little else but rocky boulders and the مت‎ yet awfully sombre aspect of the cereus giganteus can be seen. OPUNTIA, Tourn. Subgenus 1. PLATOPUNTIA, Englm. 1. OPUNTIA ENGELMANNI, Salm. At Delaware, about 170 miles west of Fort Smith, a speci- men of this plant was observed about four feet high. This seems to be the northern limit of a species which is widely spread from lower Mexico to the mouth of the Rio Grande, and on both sides of that river, northward and southward. In the southern regions it grows much taller than in the north. 2. Op. ENGELMANNI, B? CYcLoDES: erecta articulis orbiculatis, pulvillis remotis tomento griseo setisque stramineis rigidis inæqualibus instructis; aculeis subsingulis rectis validis compressis stramineis basi fuscis defiexis, adjectis spe 1-2 inferioribus brevioribus pallidioribus; bacca globosa late umbilicata, seminibus late undulato-marginatis. (Plate — fig. 1.) 38 CACTACEA, About the mouth of the Gallinas into the Pecos, near Anton Chico, New Mexico; collected in fruit in September. Plant 4 feet high; joints orbicular, or even transversely oval, about ۲ inches in diameter; pulvilli 1 inch apart, large, with a semi-circle of large, coarse bristles, 3-4 lines long at the upper edge, and a single stout spine, 11-12 inch long, on the upper pulvilli, often with 1 or 2 additional ones, 4-9 lines length. Flower not seen. Fruit globose, 1-11 inch in diameter, of a purple color. Seed 2.0-2,3 lines in diameter, with a broad and thick Gre undulate rim. The circular joints with fewer spines, and the small globose fruit with large seeds, distinguish this form from O. Engelmanni, as it usually appears further south. 3. OP. OCCIDENTALIS, (sp. nov.): erecta patulo—ramosissima, caule demum lignose terete cor- ticato, articulis grandibus obovatis rhomboideisve, pulvillis remotis griseo-tomentosis, setis flavis s. flavo-fuscis gracilibus confertis, aculeis 1-3 validis compressis angulatis rectis deflexis divergentibusve, uno alterove ad articuli marginem superiorem erecto, albidis corneisve sub- annulatis basi flavo-fuscis cum adventitiis 1-2 gracilioribus pallidioribus deflexis; flore flavo intus aurantiaco, ovario obovoto pulvillis fusco-villosis vix fulvo-setosis sub-25 notato subinde parce aculeolato, sepalis (extus rubellis) 10-12 dilatato-obovatis cuspidatis, patalis (8?) obovatis obtusis subintegris; bacca obovata late umbilicata succosa, seminibus majoribus irregularibus undulato-marginatis, crenulatis. (Plate VII, fig. 1-2.) On the western slope of the California mountains, from QuiqualGungo, east of Los Angeles, to San Pasquale and San Isabel, northeast of San Diego, (A. Schott,) at an elevation of 1,000 to 2,000 feet, in immense patches, often as large as half an acre. Flowers in June. Stout lig- neous stems, with innumerable branches, sometimes over one hundred joints, spreading far, and then often bent to the ground; joints 9-12 inches long, 6-8 inches wide; pulvilli 14-2 inches distant, with slender and closely set (much more so than in O. Engelmanni) bristles, only 2-3 lines long on the upper part of the pulvillis; spines 1-1}, smaller ones 1-$ inch long. Flower yellowish and orange, deeper colored inside at the base, 3-34 inches in diameter; ovary I} inch long, not one inch in diameter; pulvilli pretty equally distributed over it, (not as much congre- gated toward the top as in O. Engelmanni ;) sepals short and unusually broad ; petals only 9 or 10 lines wide by 15 lines in length, rounded, and not emarginate in my specimen, nor mucro- nate. Fruit 2 inches long, 14-14 inches in diameter, «very juicy, but of a sour and disagree- able taste." Seeds 24-23 lines in diameter. The young plants, raised from the seeds which we brought home, fail to exhibit the very hairy pulvilli which all the young of O. Engelmanni show ; they bear only the numerous bristly spines seen in most young Opuntic, at least of this section. To Mr. A. Schott, who has considerably enriched our knowledge of the vegetation of the countries along the boundary line and in the Gadsden purchase, is due the credit of having discovered the flower of this plant, heretofore unknown, and of many valuable notes about its general habits. : The plant mentioned in Silliman's Journal, November, 1852, (Dr. Parry's collections,) as being common ‘‘on the hill-sides and plains near San Diego," and which Mr. Schott seems to have also found **on the sea-beach near San Diego," may be a form of O. Engelmanni, as suggested in the above publication ; or it may be a naturalized wild state of O. Tuma, which is cultivated about the missions there, Enough material has not been obtained to decide about it. At all events, it seems to be distinct from the plant of the western mountain slopes. 4. Or. CHLOROTICA, (sp. nov.): erecta grandis, caule demun-lignoso terete, cortice cinereo-fulvo aculeis flavis numerosissimis fasciculatis armato; articulis orbiculato-obovatis magnis pallide flavo-virescentibus s. subglaucis; pulvillis stibearsotie griseo-tomentosis, setis stramineis dif- formibus exterioribus brevioribus tenuioribus subsequalibus confertis, interioribus uniseriatis robustioribus longioribus ; aculeis in pulvillis inferioribus 1-3, in superioribus 3-6 insequalibus stramineis plus minus compressis (nec acute angulatis) plerisque deflexis, interiore breviore CACTACEA. 89 subinde erecto; flore flavo, ovario tubercula pulvilli-gera conferta sub-50 gerente; sepalis tubi sub-20 oblanceolatis cuspidatis, petalis sub-10 obovato spathulatis, obtusis mucronatis, stigmati- bus 8 patulis; bacca obovata tuberculosa profunde umbilicata. (Plate VI, figs. 1-3.) On both sides of the Colorado, from the San Francisco mountains to the headwaters Wil- liams' river, sometimes called “Bill Williams” fork," and to the Mojave creek. The only erect, flat-jointed Opuntia in this section of country, 4-5 and sometimes even 7 feet high, forming large bushes, on one of which upwards of one hundred joints were counted. The large trunks have a scaly, grayish, or light-red brown bark; the pulvilli are not obliterated on it, as they are on O. Engelmanni, but are largely developed, 4-6 lines in diameter, pulvinate, densely covered with a thick brown tomentum, surrounded by numberless straw-colored bristles, 4 lines in length, and bearing 20-30 or more yellow, compressed spines, often 1-2 inches in length, stellately radiating in every direction, and covering and shielding the whole surface of the stem. The only Opuntia which I find described as having a similarly armed stem is O. Karwinskiana, Salm., which is said to have 18-20 gray spines on the oldest pulvilli. Joints 8-10 inches long by 6-8 wide, always of a very pale glaucous, or rather more yellowish green color, which is strikingly characteristic, even at a distance, and which has procured our name for the plant; pulvilli about 1 inch apart, strongly pulvinate; bristles two-fold and dis- tinct, the upper and outer, and by far the most numerous ones are shorter and thinner, and cover the upper semi-lunar area of the areola; inside of them is a semi-circular row of stouter and longer bristles, 4—6 lines long, which unite with the outer and shorter spines of the outer and lower margin of the areola. This arrangement is most distinct on the upper and more fully developed pulvilli; among our Opuntie it is only seen again, as far as known, in the obscure O."dulcis from Presidio del Norte. Spines proper 1-13 inches long, pale straw color, with faint transverse markings, hardly darker at base; shorter spines 4-9 lines long. The description of the flower was drawn from an old withered specimen gathered in winter ; it seems pale yellow, between 2 and 3 inches in diameter; sepals and petals remarkably narrow, the latter about 1 inch long, and not half as wide. The ovary and fruit (all the specimens found were sterile) are quite tuberculous; pulvilli crowded, bearing brown wool and short, yellow bristles. Specimens of sterile fruit seen 1-1 inches long. 5. OP. PROCUMBENS, (sp. nov.): prostrata, articulis orbiculato-obovatis grandibus pallide viridi- bus, pulvillis remotissimus griseo-tomentosis, setis flavis robustis valde insequalibus, aculeis validis 2-4 subinde (in articulis vetustioribus ?) 7-9 compressis angulatis inzequalibus, strami- neis s. pallidioribus versus basin obscurioribus, sepe rufis fuscisve, deflexis. (Plate VII, figs. 4-5.) From the San Francisco mountains to the Cactus Pass, at the head of Williams" river, in rocky localities. Joints 9-13 inches long, 7-9 broad, prostrate, always on edge; pulvilli 14-2 inches apart; bristles 2-4 lines long, comparatively stout; spines 1-2 inches long; no flower or fruit seen. Very similar to O. Engelmanni; but prostrate, with even more distinct pulvilli, and stouter and often more numerous spines, 6. Op. ANGUSTATA, E. & B.: prostrata s. adscendens, articulis elongato-obovatis versus basin sensim angustatis suberectis ; pulvillis remotis griseo-tomentosis, setis fulvis gracilibus; aculeis paucis (2-3) validis compressis albidis s. stramineis, versus basin rufis s. fulvis, adjectis sepe infra 1-2 debilioribus omnibus deflexis; bacca obovata, tuberculata rubella, late profundeque umbilicata pulvillis 24 stipata مق ا کے‎ magnis subregularibus late marginatis. (Plate VII, figs. 3-4. “From” hs foot of the Inscription rock, near Zuñi, to Williams” river, and westward as far as the Cajon Pass of the California mountains. Prostrate in the first and last-mentioned localities, but sub-erect in theZbottoms of Williams” river. Joints 6-10 inches long, and at the upper third 3-4 inches wide, gradually narrowed downwards, rounded above; puluilli over 1 inch 40 CACTACEJE. apart, oblong, quite strongty pulvinate, 3 lines long, bearing slender brown bristles; spines in the specimens collected east of the Colorado sharply angular, pale straw colored or whitish, brownish only at the very base, 1—13 inch long; sterile fruit obovate-subglose, 1-11 inch long, with large pulvilli crowded toward the upper end of the fruit, covered with grayish-brown wool and bright brown bristles. The specimen from Cajon Pass has brighter colored spines, with the lower half red brown, not so angular; some erect spines, at the upper end of the joint, almost terete. On this specimen a ripe fruit was collected, from which the above description has been taken; it is 11 inch long, nearly one inch in diameter, with the wide and flat umbilicus immersed about half an inch; pulvilli on tubercular elevations about 14 on the upper part of the fruit, and 10 along the rim; seeds 3 lines or more in diameter, much compressed, with the broad rim almost curled. Some of the seeds have germinated, and the young plants grow vigorously. This plant cannot be confounded with any others of one species ; some southern Opuntic have similar, or even more elongated joints, but are erect and almost unarmed, such as O. structa, O. tuberculatus, O. lanceolata, etc. O. polyantha from South America, seems to be similar, but has smaller and more spiny joints, etc. T. OP, PH#ACANTHA, var. MAJOR E. in Pl. Fendl. Mem. of American Acad. IV, page 52. Near Zuñi.—As both Mr. Fendler and ouxselves failed to collect the fruits of this form, it remains doubtful whether it has been justly referred here, or whether it is more closely allied to O. Camanchica. Op. Mozavewsm, E. & B.: prostrata, articulis grandibus suborbiculatus, pulvillis remotis, setis grandibus fulvis, aculeis 2-6 validis compressis acute angulatis elongatis plus minus cur- vatis, fuscis versus apicem pallidioribus annulatis, adjectis infra 1-3 minoribus tenuioribus pallidis ; bacca pulvillis 20—25 fusco-setosis stipata. (Plate IX, fig. 6-8.) On Mojave creek ; at the time it was considered identical with the following species, and no further notice taken of it; only a few fragments were brought home, together with a sterile fruit. Spines 1-21 inches long, stout, bright-brown ; fruit 13 inch long, oblong; pulvilli crowded towards the upper end. It is possibly a distinct species, but the material too incom- plete to permit us more than merely to indicate it. 8. Op, CAMANCHICA (sp. nov.): articulis adscendentibus majusculis obovato-orbiculatis pulvil- lis remotis orbiculato-ovatis tomentum griseum setasque paucas stramineas fulvasve (in pulvillis terminalibus demum elongatis rigidiores) gerentibus plerisque armatis; aculeis 1—3 s. ad marginem pluribus compressis fuscis s. atro-fuscis versus apicem pallidioribus superioribus elongatis suberectis ceteris deflexis gracilioribus flore? Bacca ovata late umbilicata atro-rubente succosa pulvillis remotis obsoletis seminibus majusculis irregularibus angulatis late marginatis (Plate IX, fig. 1-5.) On the Llano Estacado, at the base of the hills, in rather fertile soil, from the easten slope of that elevated plain to the Tucumcari hills, near the upper course of the Canadian river. A large plant, spreading extensively, with large rounded joints 6-7 inches long by 53-7 wide ; pulvilli about 1} inch remote ; bristles dirty-yellowish, greenish or brown, inconspicuous, except at the upper edge, Where they often become elongated and stouter; only the lowest pulvilli are spineless, the others bear 2-3 and the marginal ones 3-6 spines ; Tga ones 14-2 and in some specimens almost 3 inches long. Flower unknown ; fruit very characteristic, dis- tinguishing this species from the nearly allied O. phisacantka, It is oval, not narrowed or constrieted at base; 14-2 inches long, 1-11 inch in diameter, with a large flat umbilicus 1-1 inch in diameter, considerably resembling the fruit of O. Engelmanni ; of a deep-red color and a very sweet juicy pulp. Seeds 24-3 lines in diameter, very irregular, angular and often twisted, with sides impressed, mostly with a broad and thick acute or — rim deeply notched at the hilum. E i i | 2 CACTACEJE. 41 9. OP. TORTISPINA (sp. nov.): prostrata articulis majusculis adscendentibus obovato-orbiculatis pulvillis subremotis stramineo s. fulvo-setosis ; aculeis 3-5 majoribus compressis angulatis subinde canaliculatis sepe spiraliter tortis, albis basi apiceque sepe corneis, adjectis infra aculeolis 2-3 gracilibus albis; flore ; baeca ovata areolis sub-20 parvulis notata, late umbilicata, seminibus mujusculis regularibus crassis. (Plate V, fig 2-3.) On the Camanche plains, near the Canadian river, east of the plateau of the Llaño Estacado. Similar in growth to the more western O. Camanchica. Joints rounded, 6-8 inches long; pulvilli 1-14 inches apart; bristles short, except on the edges, where they are 2-3 lines long, but rather slender ; spines more numerous than in any other of our species, with juicy fruit, often 6-8, lower smaller ones j-1 inch, larger ones 13-23 inches long, entirely white or yel- lowish horn-colored at base and tip; on the upper areolæ one erect spine, the others spreading in different directions, lower ones deflexed. Fruit similar to that of last species, large, oval, not contracted at base, perhaps less juicy and with a somewhat smaller and deeper umbilicus, 12-9 inches long, 1-14 in diameter. Seeds 2-3 lines across, thick and quite regular, with a very slight indentation at the hilum. | I had observed that sometimes 2 plants are produced from the same seed ; this I found to be the case occasionally with Opuntia occidentalis, Engelmanni and dulcis, one of the young plants always much larger and more vigorous than the other. In examining different seeds of this speceis, I succeeded in finding one with two embryos (see figure), one spirally coiled around the other, both together appearing like one large one. 10. OP. RAFINEsQUII, Engelm. : diffusa radice fibrosa, articulis mediis s. majusculis obovatis s. suborbiculatis per-viridibus ; foliis subulatis elongatis patulis pulvillis sub-remotis albido-s, gri- seo-villosis setas graciles rufas demum elongatas gerentibus plerisque inermibus ; aculeis paucis plerumque solum marginalibus validis teretibus rectis albidis sspe basi apiceque rufescentibus erectis s. patulis, singulis s. uno alterove graciliore deflexo adjecto ; floris alabastro conico acuto, ovario clavato pulvillis 20-25 griseo-villosis rufo-setosis instructo; sepalis tubi sub-13 oblanceolatis acuminatis, interioribus late petaloideo-marginatis cuspidatis; petalis 10-13 late obovatis eroso-denticulatis sub-marginatis sulphureis basi intus miniatis, stigmatibus 7-8 erectis adpressis fluvo-albidis; bacca ovata basi angustata clavata subnuda pulposa purpurascente, umbilicoinfundi buliformi immerso ; seminibus subregularibus compressis, margine plerumque lato compresso sub-acuto. Var. microsperma subinermis seminibus minoribus regularibus angustius marginatis. (Plate XI, fig. 1-3.) Tk sterile, sandy, or rocky (consisting as well of sandstone as of ونیا‎ loealities in the Mississippi valley, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, and north to Wisconsin, east to Kentucky, and south, probably, to Louisiana and Texas; westward it has not been found west of the western boundary of Missouri and Arkansas. Flowers in May and June; fruit ripens in the same season, but remains on the plant till the following spring. Joints rather large, orbicular 3-4 inches in diameter, or obovate, 4—5 inches long by 3 in width ; a small variety with orbicular joinsts only 2 inches in diameter occurs on sandstone rock in southern Missouri. The color of the plant is dark or fresh-green. Leaves 21-4 lines long, diameter about one-fourth of the length ; pulvilli 9-12 lines apart with short whitish or grayish wool, and bright red-brown bristles conspicuous even in the youngest joints. Spines rarely none, generally few in var. microsperma, sometimes disappearing entirely in fertile soil in gardens, etc.; mostly only on the upper part or the edge of the joint, single or rarely 2-3, 9-12 lines long, rather stout, white with a darker tip and sometimes also darker base. Flowers 21-3} inches in diameter, Mete yellow, mostly with a red centre. Fruit 14-2 inches long, less than half that in diameter, narrowed at base, the seminiferous cavity not extending to the base; umbilicus funnel-shaped, but with shallow bottom, much wrinkled and scarred; naked by the disappearance of the bristles of the pulvilli, and edible, somewhat acid or sweetish. -Seeds 24 lines in diameter, 6+ 49 CACTACEJE. hardly more than one line in thickness ; rim rather narrow, thick, but acutish. Var. Micros- perma has seeds only 0.8 or 0.9 line in diameter, more compressed, with quite a narrow rim. This species has, by western botanists, generally been considered identical with the eastern O. vulgaris. Riddell: mentions it as occurring in Kentucky and Illinois, Torrey & Gray in their Flora do not give any locality in the Mississippi valley; but Rafinesque had already observed it in Kentucky, and, in his usual careless manner, had indicated 3 species: Cactus humufusus, (which growing, “ from New York to Kentucky and Missouri," probably comprised both O. vulgaris and our species,) O. cespitosa, from Kentucky and Tennesse, and O. Mesa- cantha, from Kentucky to Louisiana. As it seems impossible from his incomplete descriptions to make out what he meant by three different names, and as we know only one species in those States of the Mississippi valley, I take the liberty of discarding those names and of substituting the name of the author for the western species. It is not improper to state here that Rafin- esque's vague and partly erroneous descriptions have found their way into Seringe's Bulletin, 1831, page 216, into the Linnea, vol VIII, into Pfeiffer's Enumeratio Cactearum, page 146, and into other works, but with the substitution of Nuttalls for Rafinesque's name as authority ; the ** rounded joints” have, in these works, been taken for ** globose"' or “ cylindric ”” joints, and our plant has been classed with the Opuntie glomerate from Chili and Mendoza. A large form of O. Rafinesquii was collected near Fort Smith, on the western border of Arkansas; further west, where no true O. Rafinesquii has been found, several forms were met with, which, though they exhibit some distinctive characteristics, are, perhaps, net sufficiently different to constitute distinct species. The flowers of most of them are unknown as well as the leaves, but fruit and seed were carefully preserved, which not only furnish important characters, but also the means to propagate, cultivate, and further to study them. We append them as sub-species. 1. RADICE FIBROSA. a. O. CYMOCHILA : diffusa articulis orbiculatis pulvillis subremotis griseo-tomentosis stramineo s. fulvo-setosis, plerisque armatis ; aculeis 1-3 robustioribus elongatis teretibus 8. subcom pressis tortisque albidis basi saepe rufescentibus, patulis deflexisve, additis saepe 2—3 gracilioribus radiatim deflexis; flore? stigmatibus 8; bacca obovata umbilico plano s. parum depresso pul- villis 20-24 griseo-tomentosis parce setulosis, demum nudatis ; seminibus irregularibns angulosis margine undulato acuto. (Plate XII, fig. 1-3.) On the Camanche plains east of the Llaño Estacado, near the 100th degree of longitude, and from there to Tucumcari hill, 80 miles east of the Pecos. Joints 23-38 inches in diameter, orbicular or very slightly Zë pulvillis 6-8 lines apart; the very light yellowish-brown bristles numerous, and conspicuous only on the older joints ; only the lowest pulvilli of a joint unarmed, upper ones with 2—5 spines, 2 or 3 larger ones, often reddish-brown at lower half, 1-2 inches long, lower, smaller, paler ones 3-9 lines long. Fruit oval, 1-1} inches long, about 10 lines in diameter, purplish, pulpy, sweet, and edible, less contracted at base than O. Rafin- esquii; seed remarkably irregular and twisted, 23 lines in diameter, with a wavy or twisted very sharp rim, whence the name which indicates the undulated border. The orbicular joints, the numerous spines, the oval not clavate fruit, and curiously twisted seed, seem to distinguish this form sufficiently from O. Zafinesquii, but these characters may not be sufficiently constant or important to constitute specific difference. The characters of Opuntic are not yet sufficently studied to permit us to form satisfactory conclusions about their diagnostic importance ; so we find a form collected on the Sandia mountains, near Albuquerque, which, in habit and appearance, does not differ from the common form of O. Rajinesquti, but which has the seeds of O. cymochila. O. CYMOCHILA, B. MONTANA: articulis orbiculatis majoribus inermibus s. margine superiore solum aculeatis; pulvillis remotis stramineo-setosis; aculeis singulis binisve validis albidis سس 2-۰3 CACTACER. 43 infra fuscis; bacca obovata subclavata seminibus irregularibus acute undulateque marginatis. Joints 3-44 inches in diameter, pulvilli 9-12 lines apart, spines 12-18, smaller ones 4-6 lines long, on some plants entirely wanting. Fruit 14 inches long, much contracted at base, with a much depressed, almost funnel-shaped, umbilicus. Seeds cannot be distinguished from those of the plant of the plains. b. O. STENOCHILA : prostrata articulis obovatis, pulvillis remotis stramineo-setosis superioribus solum armatis; aculeis singulis albidis patulis, 1-2 minoribus deflexis spe adjectis ; bacca obovata clavata pulposa, umbilico lato parum immerso, seminibus regularibus crassis anguste obtuseque marginatis. (Plate XII, fig. 4—6.) At the cañon of Zuñi. Joints 4 inches long and 3 wide, flaccid or often lying flat on the ground, (in November ;) pulvilli 12 lines apart, small, with yellowish or greenish bristles ; larger spines 1-1] inches long, smaller ones less than half as long; fruit green or pale red, very juicy ; 1j inches long, but sometimes much enlarged, even more juicy, and 2-2] inches long and 1 inch in diameter above, long clavate towards the base. Seeds quite characteristic, about 23 lines in diameter, 14 line thick, regular, with a very narrow and somewhat obtuse rim, whence the name. In the same neighborhood another plant was found with similar seed, but smaller, more rounded, and somewhat more spinous joints, fruit less clavate, smaller, seeds similar, but a little smaller. j 2. RADICE TUBEROSA. c. O. FUSIFORMIS: diffusa s. adscendens, radicibus fusiformibus elongatis, irregulariter incras- satis; articulis suborbiculatis majusculis, foliis elongatis subulatis patulis pulvillis subremotis griseo villosis, setas elongatas virescente-fuscas gerentibus, plerisque s. solum superioribus armatis ; aculeis 2-3 gracilibus inæqualibus deflexis s. patulis, albidis ; floris minoris flavi (basi rubelli ?) ovario pulvillis 25 stipato, stigmatibus 8, bacca ovata basi vix clavata demum nudata, pulposa rubella, umbilico immerso subinfundibuliformi ; seminibus subregularibus crassis majusculis acute marginatis. (Plate XII, fig. 7-8.) Cross-timbers longitude 97°-99° ; west of the region inhabited by O. Rafinesquii, and east of that of O. cymochila ; also collected by Dr. Wislizenus in the same longitude, but farther north on Cow creek and the Little Arkansas, (on the road from Independence to Santa Fé) and by Dr. Hayden, of the United States army, on the Missouri, below the Big Bend. Fl. in May. Roots form elongated tubers, attenuated at one or both ends 3-1 inch in diameter ; joints 4 or even 5 inches in length ; leaves 21—3] lines long, pulvilli 9-12 lines apart, with numerous stout yellowish-brown bristles, often 2 lines long, spines 1 or 2, 1-12 inches long, with a smaller one of half the length, more slender than in most other allied forms. Flowers 2-2} inches in diameter, yellow apparently with red base, smaller and with fewer sepals than O. Rajinesquii, but the same mumber of stigmata. Fruit 14 inches long, umbilicus inch wide; seed rather larger and thicker than in O. Rajinesquii, 23 lines in diameter and 1j thick. The description of the flower is from the specimens collected by Dr. Wislizenus. O. MACRORHIZA, Engl., of Texas, also belongs here as another tuberous rooted form in the wide circle of O. Hafinesquii. 11. O. BASILARIS (sp. nov.): humilis, articulis obovatis s. subtriangularibus glaucescentibus pubescentibus adscendentibus e basi proliferis, fere rosulatis; foliis subulatis minutis erectis rubellis tomentum axillare vix superantibus; pulvillis subconfertis fulvo-tomentosis setas gracillimas demum numerosissimas breves fulvidas et subinde aculeolos setiformes caducos gerentibus; floris purpureis ovario obovato ' pubescente pulvillis plurimis (40-60) confertis fulvo- tomentosis instructo, sepalis 20-25 ext ibus late obovatis cuspidatis, petalis sub-10 obovato-orbiculatis retusis s. obcordatis sepe tenuiter mucronatis, 44 CACTACEJE. stigmatibus 8 brevibus in capitulum conicum congestis; bacca (sicca?) breviter obovata late umbilieata, seminibus magnis crassis subregularibus. (Plate XIII, fig. 1-5.) On hills and in ravines from the Cactus Pass down the valley of Williams river to the Colorado, and to Mojave creek ; Mr. Schott met with it on the lower Gila ; and both he and Mr. Albert H. Campbell obtained the beautiful purple flowers of this plant in April and May, 1855. The habit of this plantis very different from any other of our Opuntic, as the stout obovate or often fan-shaped or sometimes almost obcordate joints originate from a common base form a kind of rosette, resembiing somewhat an open cabbage head. Among thousands of specimens observed, none deviated from this peculiar manner of growth, none was proliferous in the shape of the other elliptic Opuntie. Joints 5-8 inches long, 4 inch in thickness, minutely pubescent ; leaves only 1 line in length, slenderly subulate, smaller than any other of our species; next in size are the leaves of O. Missouriensis, O. fragilis, and O. filipendula ; the largest leaves are produced by the cylindric Opuntice, some of which have them 10 lines long. . Pulvilli somewhat immersed, 4-6 lines apart. Flower of a beautiful and rich purple color, about 23 inches in diameter, ovary nearly 1 inch long, crowded with 40-60 elevated areole, with light brown wool and brighter brown bristles; filaments not very numerous, leaving the inner base of the tube naked; stigmata about 2 lines long, or less, apparently green. Fruit seems to be perfectly dry, short and thick ; seeds 3 lines in diameter, nearly 2 lines thick, with a rather narrow but very thick rim, regular or sometimes quite irregular. 12. O. HYSTRICINA, (sp. nov.) : diffusa, articulis obovato-orbiculatis, compressis; pulvillis sub- confertis magnis griseo-tomentosis setas pallidas rutilasve gerentibus, omnibus armatis aculeis 5-1 inferioribus gracilioribus brevioribus albidis deorsum radiantibus, superioribus 5-8 elongatis validioribus angulatis seepe tortis flexuosisve 3-4 deflexis albidis, uno alterove longissimo, ceteris 2-4 superioribus patulis suberectisve seepe basis. ad medium fuscatis ; flore , bacca obovata subclavata, umbilico parum immerso planiusculo, pulvillis 25-30, beste ndn. supe- rioribus confertis aculeolos paucos gerentibus; seminibus maximus irregularibus late crasseque marginatis. (Plate XV, fig. 5-7.) This beautiful species was found abundant from the Rio Grande westward to the San Francisco mountains, mixed with O. Missouriensis, to which it is nearly allied. The specimens before us ` were obtained at the Colorado Chiquito and on the San Francisco mountains. Joints 3-4 inches long and nearly as broad. Pulvilli 5-6 lines apart, unusually large ; lower radiating spines 4-9 lines, the others 13-8 and even 4 inches long, irregularly arranged as we generally find it in this species. We notice many specimens where 3 or 4 larger spines are placed above the lower short radiating ones, the uppermost one of them is usually the longest ; somewhat above these are 2-4 other spines, the lower one of which is the darkest and often not much shorter than the one just mentioned, the others are shorter and whitish or dark only at the base. The bristles are yellowish in some and brown in other specimens; sometimes we find short pale and longer darker bristles together. The fruit is 1 inch long and half as thick, with a very shallow umbilieus ; only the upper larger pulvilli bear 4—6 spines (2-5 lines long,) the lower ones on the contracted part of the fruit are very small, distant, and unarmed. Seed among the largest in this genus 34 lines in diameter, the thick ind broad rim acutish. The name indicates the por- cupine-like armature of this species. 13. O. Missouriensis, D. C.: prostrata radice fibrosa, articulis obovatis suborbiculatisve tuberculatis compressis laete viridibus adscendentibus, foliis subulatis minutis patulis, pulvillis subconfertis albo s. griseo-tomentosis stramineo—setosis omnibus armatis; aculeis in pulvillis inferioribus gracilioribus paucioribus, in superioribus 5-10 exterioribus minoribus radiantibus albidis, 1-5 interioribus robustis teretiusculis longioribus patulis, rarius subereetis, albidis s. rufescentibus; floribus sulphureis basi intus ovario obovato , pulvillis Vey cour 25-85 -albo tementosis aculeolatis instructo ; sepalis tubi sub-13 exterioribus oblanceolatis, 0۸۸6 45 interioribus obovatis cuspidatis petaloide-marginatis, petalis sub-13 obovato-orbiculatis emargi- natis s. obcordatis crenulatis sepe mucronulatis; stigmatibus sub-8 viridibus in capitulum globosum s. conicum confertis; bacca ovata s. subglobosa, umbilico parum depresso, pulvillis 25-35 albo tomentosis setos albidas stramineas s. rufescentes aculeolos que numerosos breves s. elongatos gerentibus ; seminibus magnis plerumque irregularibus late subacuteque marginatis. (Plates XIV and XV, flig. 1-10 and 1-4.) This variable species extends from the country north of the Upper Missouri river to the regions south of the Canadian and of Santa Fé, latitude 48? 35'; and from longitude 99? east of Fort Pierre, on the Missouri, to 112? on the San Francisco mountains. It has not been found south of Albuquerque, along the Rio Grande, nor in the Salt Lake valley, Utah, as far as at present known. Flowering in May, fr. same fall. Nuttall discovered this common western species on the Upper Missouri in 1811, and described it under the name of Cactus feror ; he noticed **8-10 greenish stigmata ”and the “dry spring fruit." The deep purple fruit, as large as a hen's egg,” attributed to our species on the authority of Dr. James, by Torrey and Gray, in their Flora, perhaps belongs to our O. Camanchica ; it certainly cannot belong to O. Missouriensis. It forms large spreading masses, much dreaded by travellers and their animals. Joints mostly suborbicular, 2-4 inches long, and 2-3] wide, light green, somewhat tuberculated from hemi- spherical elevations which bear the leaves and pulvilli, 4-6 lines apart; leaves 14-2 lines long, hardly more than 4 line in diameter at the base, nearly twice as long as the wool in their axills; numerous small white spines radiating downwards and laterally, sometimes a few rather longer ones obliquely upwards, mostly 3-6 lines long, rarely more elongaged ; central spines in the Mis- souri specimens mostly 1, rarely 2; in the southern ones, often 2-4, 1-1}, or even 2 inches long, terete or somewhat angular, diis or mostly with a reddish base when young, entirely brown red, with lighter tips. On the lower pulvilli the stouter spines are mostly wanting ; in some Missouri specimens, I find few and weak spines on the upper, and none at all on the lower part of the joints ; in other plants, from the same region, all the pulvilli are nearly equally armed with 5 weaker (2-3 lines long) lower deflexed, and 5 inner stouter (4-6 lines long) spreading spines. Flowers 2-3 inches in diameter, ovary, with subulate sepals, similar to the leaves, spines already present, but not as long and stiffas in the fruit. 了 Petals yellow towards the base, or sometimes almost entirely rose-colored, orange, or brick-colored, sometimes only the margin remaining yellow. Exterior filaments mnch the longest, deep red ; interior ones paler, shorter ; pistil pale yellowish, thickened below the middle, as in almost all the species of this genus ; stigmata united into a small subconic head. Fruit ovate, or sometimes globose, umbilicus shallow, spines on the pulvilli numerous, 6-12, usually short, 1-4, sometimes 6 lines long. Seeds about 3 lines in diameter, sometimes larger, in one form much smaller, mostly irregular, twisted, angular, much compressed, with a broad and thick but rather acutish rim. Embryo of different shapes, conform to the shape of a seed, always with a small albumen. The following forms, we think, must be included under this species, though the whole history of most of them is not known ; some of them may not even be constant varieties. &. RUFISPINA : articulis orbiculatis s. transversis setis parcis rufescentibus, aculeis radialibus 6-8 albidis rufo-variegatis, interioribus validis fuscis apice pallidioribus, 2-4 deflexis, singulo patulo s. suberecto robustissimo ; bacca ovata. 一 (Plate XIV, fig. 1-3.) . This is the shortest form of our species, and greatly deserves Nuttall's original name ferox ; It was collected on rocky places on the Pecos ; Dr. Hayden bas also sent it from the Yellow- stone, and it no doubt is met with in all the CA territory. Joints 2-3 inches in diame- ter, pulvilli 4-5 lines apart; bristles fewer, but longer and darker than in other forms ; central spines 11-2 inches long ; fruit 1 inch long, half as thick, with shallow umbilicus, about 30 pulvilli, spines on the upper ones 4—6 lines long. Seeds 23-3 lines in diameter. B. PLATYCARPA : articulis obovato-orbiculatis, setis parcis stramineis, aculeis exterioribus 46 CACTACEA. 5-10, inferioribus albidis, superioribus robustioribus rufescentibus centrali subsingulo robusto fusco patulo s. deflexo ; bacca depresso-globosa, umbilico lato plano, pulvillis sub-25 aculeolos 5-10 breves gerentibus.—(Plate XIV, fig. 4.) Sent from the Yellowstone by Dr. Hayden. A stout form ; joints 3 inches long, 23-28 wide; pulvilli 4-6 lines apart, the dirty yellowish bristles visible only on the older joints. Central spine single, or only on vigorous specimems on the upper pulvilli 2, mostly brownish, deeper colored on the margin. Fruit 8-9 lines long, umbilicus, of the same diameter, spines only 1-3 lines long, deflexed, Seed 3 lines in diameter, rim rather narrower than in the first-mentioned form. y MICROSPERMA ` articulis ut in precedente; stigmatibus 5; bacca ovata, umbilico parum de- presso, pulvillis, 20-30 setosis et breviter aouleolatis, seminibus anguste acuteque marginatis. (Plate XIV, figs. 5-7.) On the Missouri, about Fort Pierre; brought down 10 years ago by the fur traders. Very similar to tI e last form in the general appearance; also with only 1, or at most 2, central dark spines; flowers only with 5 stigmata, otherwise same as the one described above; fruit short, oval, with 10-20 very short spines on the numerous pulvilli ; seed only 2 lines in diameter, more regular, thicker in proportion, with a narrow and acute rim. It might be supposed that these characters were important and constant enough for a specific difference, if we did not know the great variability in this genus, and if we did not find among uf Hayden's plants seeds of intermediate shape and size. d SUBINERMIS: articulis elongato-obovatis, pulvillis subremotis, inferioribus, inermibus, supe- rioribus aculeos paucos breves gerentibus. Brought from the Upper Missouri by Dr. Hayden; remains constant in three years cultivation. Joints 34-5 inches long, half as wide, gradually narrowed down at base; leaves entirely similar to those of the common form; pulvilli 6-9 lines apart; spines entirely wanting, or on the upper pulvilli 2 or 3 short and slender ones, rarely one or the others more robust, 44 inch long; flowers not seen. € ALBISPINA ` articulis late obovatis, setis stramineis, aculeis omnibus albis gracilioribus, exte- rioribus 6-10 setaceis, interioribus in pulvillis superioribus 1-3 robustioribus elongatis deflexis 8. patulis; bacca ovata, seminibus magnis. (Plate XIV, figs. 8-10.) Sandy bottoms and ës beds of streamlets on the Upper Canadian, 250 miles east of the Pecos; on the Sandia mountains, near Alhuquerque; also, on the Upper Missouri. This was the first form of this species met with in travelling up the Canadian; the stouter and more compact forms were found further west, in higher elevations. Joints 3-4 inches long, 24-3 wide; pul- villi 4-6 lines apart; spines all ivory white, rarely with a yellowish tinge, larger ones 1—4 inch long; fruit with very shallow umbilicus, and very slender and short spines; seed 3-33 lines in diameter, irregular, rim broad acutish. A form from the Sandia mountains with pulvilli more remote; spines longer, more slender, some of them flexuous; seems to unite this with the next variety. Č TRICHOPHORA: articulis — pulvillis confertis parce albo-tomentosis setas stramineis demun albidas breves gerentibus, omnibus armatis; aculeis 10—18 setiformibus albis, exte- rioribus 8-12 brevioribus radiantibus, interioribus longioribus deflexis, rarius singulo suberecto ; pulvillis in articulis vetustioribus lignosis confertissimis setas numerosas aculeosque 15-25 capillaceos elongatos flexuosos gerentibus; bacca ovata, umbilico parum immerso pulvillis 35-40 albo-tomentosis stramineo-setosis fasciculum aculeolorum 12-18 plerumque deflexorum gerenti- bus; seminibus maximis valde compressis irregularibus latissime acuteque marginatis. (Plate XV, figs. 1-4.) Only on the volcanic rocks about Santa Fé, and on the Sandia mountains. The hoary appear- ance of the older joints is very characteristic, and reminds one strongly of Pilocereus senilis. These hairs are from a few lines to 2 or 21 inches in length, and of the appearance and about as CACTACE ZE. 4T fine as an old man's beard. The older joints become thick and of a solid ligneous substance; younger jeints 4j inches long, 24 inches wide, or larger; pulvilli 4-5 lines apart; exterior spines 3-6 lines, interior ones 9-18 lines long. Fruit ovate, 10 lines long, 7 in diameter; very slender and numerous spines, 3-6 lines long. Seeds, with those of O. hystricina, the largest known to us, 3} lines in diameter, sometimes larger; rim large, almost of the tickness of the seed itself. "This is, perhaps, a distinct species, and must be further studied. 14. O. sPHAROCARPA, (sp. nov.): diffusa articulis orbiculatis transversisve tuberculatis; pul- villis confertis albo-tomentosis, setas stramineas breves gerentibus, plerisque inermibus, summis solum et marginalibus aculeos 1-2 reflexos s. patulos, adjectis subinde 1—3 brevioribus gerenti- bus; bacca globosa, umbilico minore plano, pulvillis sub-25 tomentosis setosis vix aculeolatis, sis mediis acute marginatis. (Plate XIII, figs. 6-7.) On tho eastern declivity of the Sandia mountains, near Albuquerque. Joints in the specimen before us 3 inches wide, less in length, strongly tuberculated ; pulvilli 4-5 lines apart; spines on the upper lateral pulvilli mostly single, deflexed, 1 inch long; on the middle or lower ones none; on the uppermost and marginal ones mostly 2, rarely 3 lines long, reddish brown, with darker tip; 1-3 smaller additional spines, 2-4 lines long also reddish. Fruit perfectly globose, 9 lines in diameter; umbilicus 5-6 lines wide; pulvilli bristly, but only the upper ones with one or a few small spines. Seeds 2] lines in diameter, very irregular, with a rather narrow, but sharp rim. The arrangement of the spines is so different from any form of O. Missouriensis, which always shows the numerous slender radiating spines, and always has spiney fruits, that we feel obliged to separate this plant as a distinct species. The seeds brought home by the expedition have germinated, and are growing vigorously. 15. O. ERINACEA, (sp. nov.): diffusa adscendens; articulis tumidis ovatis s. teretiusculis, pulvillis confertissimis ovato-orbiculatis albo-tomentosis demum stramineo-setosis omnibus arm- atis; aculeis 3-5 gracilibus elongatis e cinereo-rubellis 1-3 superioribus brevioribus sursum porrectis, centrali longior patulo vel declinato, ceteris deflexis, additis 2-4 minoribus inferiori- bus; bacca ovata umbilico infundibuliformi pulvillis 30-40 setal stramineas et aculeolos 12-20 gerentibus ; seminibus magnis subregularibus late acuteque marginatis. (Plate XLII, fig. 8-11.) West of the great Colorado near the Mojave creek; joints 2-23 inches long, 1-1} inches wide, and about 3 inch thick, sometimes elongated, almost cylindric, densely covered with the large white pulvilli, which are only 2-3 lines apart, and numerous reddish-gray spines with red points bristling hedgehog-like (whence the specific name) in every direction. Spines 6-14 or in old joints even 20 lines long, with smaller ones very slender, flexible, but stiff. Young plants cylindric, covered with bunches of 15 or 20, or more, white hair-like spines. Bristles dirty-yellow even in young joints present, in old ones densely crowded, and 2-3 lines long ; in a dead flower a 6-parted stigma was noticed. Fruit 1-1} inches long, about 1 an inch in diameter, with a deep funnel-shaped umbilicus ; pulvilli crowded, prominent, white-tomentose with yellowish bristles and numerous, mostly deflexed, spines, 3-6 lines long. Seed nearly 3 lines in diameter, much compressed, more regular than in the tliree foregoing species. 15. O. BRACHYARTHRA, (sp. nov.): prostrata s. adscendens, articulis ovatis s. orbiculatis tumi- dis saepe subglobosis, tuberculatis; pulvillis confertis magnis albo-tomentosis parce setulosis plerisque armatis ; aculeis 3-5 albidis s. fuscatis patulis; 1-2 validioribus sursum versis, caeteris minoribus minimisqe subdeflexis; floris parvi; ovario subgloboso, pulvillos 12-15 tomentosog setosos superiores aculeolatos gerante, sepalis tubi exterioribus obovatis cuspidatis stigmatibus 5. (Plate XII, fig. 9.) At the foot of the inscription rock near Zuñi under pine trees, only seen in that single locality. A singular looking plant with short tumid joints (10—15 lines long, 10-12 wide and 48 CACTACER. nearly the same in thickness) one growing on the top of the other so as to resemble, somewhat, a jointed finger. In the absence of ripe fruit we are unable, with certainty, to class this species; the shape of the joints and the somewhat spinulose fruit seem to bring it very near to O. fragilis, and it may possibly be a small and compact form of this species, though the appearance is very different; on the other hand the subglobose joints seem to refer it to the section Glomerate, alm. Pulvilli 2-4 lines apart, large, white or when old grayish tomentose with very few short yellowish bristles, even in the old joints; spines 9—12 lines long, rather stóut, terete, often with 1 or 2 short ones not more than 1-2 lines long. No ripe fruit was found (Novr.) which is also often the case with O. fragilis, but many remains of flowers with globose-ovate fleshy sterile red ovaries, 3-4 lines long, some of them becoming larger and probably proliferous, generally only some of the upper pulvilli bear a few short spines. The flower seems to have been about 1 inch in diameter, with about 5 sepals, 8 or 9 petals, and style with 5 stigmata. O. FRAGILIS, Haw., the seed of which we give a figure of, (pl. XXIV, fig. 5,) grows on the upper Missouri and Yellowstone and probably down to Santa Fé. The joints are small, ovate, compressed or turned, or even terete, 4 larger spines on the upper fully developed pulvilli cruciate, the upper one suberect, stouter and longer than the others, mostly yellowish-brown ; on the lower margin 4-6 small white radiating spines; bristles few. Fruit apparently some- what fleshy, getting dry much later with 20-28 pulvilli, almost naked, only the upper ones with a few short spines ; seeds few, large, regular. Subgen. 2. CYLINDROPUNTIA, Engelm. $1. Clavate. 17. O. ctavata, E. in Wisl. Rep. (Plate XXII, fig. 1-3.) Found “from Santa Fé to Albu- querque, where Wislizenus and Fendler had already collected it, and no where else. A remarkable and well characterized species, the type of this section. We add to the characters previously published, (Wislizenus’ Report note 12, and Plante Fendleriane in Mem. Amt Acad. vol. IV, page 49,) that the leaves are long and subulate, 2-21 lines long; the broades- spines were 1j lines wide; fruit 13-13 inch long, lemon-yellow, almost covered with 30-50 hemispherical pulvilli, which bear innumerable white slender bristles, spreading ray-like in every direction. Seeds large for this section, and, as in all the allied species, transverse or broader than high; 21—3 lines in the longest diameters, rostrate, somewhat angular; commis- sure (which in the cylindric and clavate opuntise replaces the rim of the flat-jointed ones), impressed, linear or a little wider ; cotyledons in several seeds examined by me oblique. 18. O. Pannrr, E. in Sillim. Journ., Nov., 1852: Articulis ovatis basi clavatis, tuberculis oblongo-elongatis, pulvillis albo-tumentosis setas paucas rigidas gerentibus; aculeis angulatis scabris ruVello-cinereis, interioribus validioribus sub-4 triangulato-compressis, exterioribus 5-8 angulatis supra infraque divergentibus, extimis 6-10 gracilibus rigidis radiantibus ; bacca ovato basi clavata pulvillis sub-40 setosissimis stipata; seminibus regularibus latius commissuratis. (Plate XXII, fig. 4-7.) On the gravelly plains 30 miles west of the Colorado, near the Mojave river; southward to the eastern slope of the California mountains near San Felipe, Dr. Parry. Joints 24-3 or 4 inches long, 1} inch in diameter, attenuated not only below but also somewhat above in the specimen bulis us. Tubercles about 9 lines long, pulvilli small, bristles few, coarse and long. Spines very numerous in 3 series; the 4 inner ones 12-16 lines long, 1-3 lines broad, the lower one somewhat flattened, the others triangular; the next series consists usually of 2-3 upper ones and 3-5 lower ones, angular, more slender and shorter than the first, 4-8 lines long ; the third or external circle consists of 6-10 bristly slender spines, 3-4 lines long, some above, but CACTACEJE 49 most of them lateral or inferior. Young spines reddish-grey with paler margins, older ones ashy. Fruit 1} inch long; seed rather regular, 2-23 lines in the transverse diameter, less than 2 lines high, not beaked, commissure broader and more distinct than in any other of this sec- tion examined by us. Cotyledons in all the seeds examined oblique. This discription refers to the plant brought by the expedition from the Mojave river. Several years before Dr. Parry had described a plant discovered by him **on the hills and plains about San Felipe on the eastern slope of the California mountains," which had been named after the discoverer. We presume that both plants were identical, but have to remark that Dr. Parry's plant is much larger, having joints of 4-8 inches in length, with tubercles 6-12 lines long, spines whitish, half an inch long; he describes the flowers as 1} inch in diameter, greenish- yellow with green stigmata. Fruit not mentioned, Further investigation will be necessary to clear up those doubts. From 0. clavata (which grows 8 or Y degrees east and on much greater elevation) the Mojave species is distinguished by the shape of the joints, the color, much narrower, more numerous spines and the smaller more regular seeds, with the broad commissure. $2. Cylindrice. 19. OPUNTIA Davis, (sp. nov.) : caule dense lignoso ramosissimo divaricato adscendente, articulis junioribus erectis elongatis, basi attenuatis; tuberculis oblongo-linearibus prominulis, setis stramineis tenerrimis ; aculeis interioribus 4-7 subtriangularibus rufis apice pallidioribus» vagina straminea laxa fulgida indusiatis divergentibus s. deflexis, aculeis gracilioribus inferiori- bus 5-6; bacca ovata pulvillis sub-25 setas stramineas aculeolosque paucos gerentibus ; umbilico lato. (Plate XVI, fig 1-4.) ` Common on the ppper Canadian, eastward and westward of Tucumcari hills, near the Llano Estacado. A very much branched shrubby, somewhat procumbent, plant, with erect joints, about 18 inches high ; wood dense and hard ; joints 4-6 inches in length, and half an inch or more in thickness ; tubercles not very prominent, 7-8 lines long ; very slender bristles, forming a thick brush at upper end of pulvillus; interior spines 1-14 inches long, covered with a very loose glistening membranaceous sheath, which makes the plant an object of remark for a long distance ; lower spines 3-6 lines long. All the fruits seen on the route were sterile, and most of them elongated, 1-1} inch long ; on many pulvilli 1-4 sheathed spines were observed, which possibly are peculiar only to the sterile and proliferous fruits. We have named this well-marked and pretty species after our enlightened Secretary of War, Colonel Jefferson Davis, under whose auspices the expeditions for the exploration of a proper route for the Pacific railroad were organized, and were enabled to accomplisb so much, not only for this specific object, but also for the elucidation of the natural history of this hitherto almost unknown country. » 20. O. ECHINOCARPA, (sp. nov.): caule reticulato-lignoso, erectiusculo, ramis numerosis paten- tissimis subinde pene decumbentibus, articulis ovatis basi clavatis, tuberculis ovatis prominent- ibus confertis, setis paucis stramineis ; aculeis albidis stramineo s. albido-vaginatis, majoribus sub-4 cruciatis, ceteri, minoribus 8-16 undique radiantibus ; floris flavi (?) ovario pulvillis 30-40 villosis subaculeolatisque confertis stipato, sepalis sub-13, exterioribus ovatis acutis; interiori- bus obovatis mucronatis, petalis sub-8 obovatis obtusis s. subemarginatis denticulatis, stigmati- bus 6; bacca globoso-depressa s. hemispherica, late profundeque umbilicata pulvillis sub-40 aculeolos vaginatos elongatos 8-12 gerentibus dense stipata floris, rudimento subpersistente coronata; seminibus subregularibus s. angulatis, crassis, late commissuratis, cotyledonibus parallelis. In the Colorado valley, near the mouth of Williams' river. Mr. Schott found a stouter form further south. The more northern plant forms a low shrub 6-18 inches high, spreading, and r i hao, Bo. Garden 1909 50 CACTACEJXE. often partially prostrate; the cylindric tubular wood is reticulated with short meshes. Joints 1-21 inches long, less than 1 inch thick, tubercles not more than 4 or 5 lines long ; bristles few and rather coarse; spines 12-20 ; the 4 larger ones are somewhat central, 9-12 lines long ; the others radiating from 4-9 lines long ; the smaller ones, as in all these Opuntic, hardly vagi- nate. Flower described from a withered specimen found attached to a fruit, to which it some- what adhered, but perhaps held more by the long intricate spines than by an organic attach- ment. Flower 13-13 inches in diameter, apparently yellow, which is uncommon among the Cylindric Opuntie; petals about 9 lines long and three broad, stigmata about 2 lines long. The fruit is very peculiar, and with the seed, characterizes this species well. The wide umbili- cus on the shallow fruit gives it the appearance of a saucer, and the seeds find their place more around the edge of the umbilicus than in the body of the fruit. Spines on fruit from 4-10 lines long. Seed 2 lines or more in diameter, with a broader commissure than any of the allied species, cotyledons always, all the specimens examined regularly accumbent or parallel ; the only species, so far, where this regularly is the case, albumen unusually large. O. Serpentina, from San Diego, is very nearly allied to our species, but seems sufficiently distinct by its elongated cylindric joints and different growth. 21. O. BrexLovit, Englm.: caule arborescente erecto crasso reticulato-lignoso, ramis erectis adscendentibusve numerosis congestis, inferioribus demum refractis, articulis ovatis s. ovato- cylindricis tumidis leete s. pallide viridibus fragilibus; tuberculis subhemisphericis depressis confertis ; pulvillis immersis ovatis setas pallidas penicillatas et aculeos 6-10 robustiores pal- lidos stramineo-vaginatos, 3 deflexos, ceteros divergentes et 6—10 graciliores inferiores radiantes gerentibus ; ovario tuberculis plurimis stipato parce aculeolato ; bacca ovata profunde umbili- cata tuberculata pulvillos immersos 60—70 setigeros inermes s. aculeolos sub-3 vaginatos وج‎ seminibus parvis. —(Plate XIX, fig. 1-7.) On Williams' river, a branch of the Colorado; 10-12 feet high, stem $ inch in diameter ; skeleton forming a large hollow tube, much walla taq with numerous small roundish or some- what rhombic meshes in 13 or 21 spiral rows. Branches forming a dense head ; younger joints erect, adpressed very fragile, often shaken off by the wind and covering the soil around, taking root everywhere, or sticking to the clothes of the passers-by like burrs. The joints on the older part of the stem are often persistent and reflexed, becoming withered and brown. Joints 2-6 inches long, 1-2 inches in diameter, light fiesh green, covered with the small almost hemi- sherical, and not very prominent, tubercles, which are 3—4 lines long, and arranged mostly in 13 spirals ; the areola is immersed at the apex of the tubercle, and surrounded by an elevated paler or almost whitish ridge, having the appearance of 2 lateral glands. Larger spines about linch long. Flower or complete fruit not seen ; an ovary or young fruit before me is clavate, 1 inch long, and has a few spines on the pulvilli some empty (sterile?) fruits brought home are oval 13-13 inches long, 1 inch in diameter, strongly tuberculated, and spineless; others again are even larger, with more numerous tubercles, and the pulvilli beset with 3-6 sheathed spines 4-7 lines long. These are evidently undergoing a change into joints ; proliferous seeds, said to be small, but most unfortunately the specimens were lost, so that we were unable to com- pare them with those allied species found further south, (O. fulgida,) and on the Pacific coast, (O. prolifera.) Our plant is distinguished from these forms by its short >0 immersed pulvilli, and large tuberculated and somewhat spiny fruit. [I have thought proper to consecrate this remarkable species, so conspicuous in its desert wilds, to my colaborer Dr. J. M. Bigelow, through whose intelligent exertions and indefatigable n so many new Cactacee, described in this — have been discovered and brought home.— M 22. O. WnrPPLzr, (sp. nov.): caule erecto s. rarius patulo s. subprocumbente, reticulato- lignoso, divaricato ramoso, articulis cylindricis ; tuberculis ovatis confertis, pulvillis pulvinatis CACTACER. 51 parce tomentosis vix setosis; aculeis brevibus cinereo s. stramineo vaginatis, 1—4 majoribus divaricatis, inferiore longiore deflexo, minoribus 2-8 solum ad inferiorem pulvilli marginem deflexis s. undique radiantibus ; flore rubro, ovario ovato tuberculato pulvillis 20-30 tomentosis setas stramineas et aculeolos paucos mox deciduous gerentibus stipato sepalis tubi sub-8 orbicu- latis cuspidatis, petalis 8-10 spathulatis cuspidatis; bacca subglobosa leviter tuberculata sub- carnosa flava inermi ; umbilico infundibuliformi seminum subregularium commissura lineari. a. LEVIOR humilior, aculeis brevioribus paucioribus seminibus minoribus. B. SPINOSIOR elatior aculeis plurimis longioribus seminibus majoribus. (Plate XVII, fig. 1-4.) From the elevated country about Zuñi to the head of Williams's river, at first seen only 8-15 inches high, subprostrate, afterwards 20-30 inches, and sometimes even 5-6 feet high. Var. f. was found by Mr. A. Schott south of the Gila river, and he also discovered the flower of this plant, which, like the flowers of all the other new species, remained unknown to us, unless winter remains were picked up here and there. Ligneous skeleton tubular, with small meshes, dense at base of stem ; joints elongated, 2-4 inches to a foot long, 3 or $ of an inch in diameter ` tubercles ovate or sometimes almost rhombic, about 5 lines long; spines very variable in number, sometimes only with 1 larger and 2 or 3 smaller ones; in other instances, especially in Var. 3. with 12 or 14 ; spines 3-9 lines long, bristles few, generally only on older joints; flowers 14-14 inches in diameter ; ovary 6-9 lines long with 20 or 25 pulvilli; fruit about 1 inch long, a little less in diameter, somewhat fleshy and sweet, with 25-35 not very prominent tubercles; seeds with linear or almost linear commissure, 13-1$ lines in diameter; cotyledons regularly incum- bent or sometimes oblique. The seeds of f. are 2 lines in diameter. This is easily distinguished from all the allied species of the slender elongated branches, the short, crowded tubercles, and the short spines. We have dedicated this Opuntia, characteristic of the desert mountains under the 35th degree, between the Rio Grande and the Colorado, to Captain A. W. Whipple, the commander of the expedition who, by his zealous and liberal co- operation, afforded every facility in his power in the various collections of natural history- (Plate XVII, fig. 5—6, and Plate XVIII, fig. 4.) 23. O. ARBORESCENS, Englm.: found first 200 miles east of the Pecos, and from there abun- dantly as far west as Zuñi, where other cylindric Opuntic take its place. In this region it does not grow higher than 5-8 feet, and can scarcely be called arborescent ; it is always well charac- terized by the verticillate often somewhat pendulous branches, the cristate-tuberculate spineless fruit, and the smooth seeds with a distinct and broadly linear commissure. Seeds of specimens collected at Zuñi smaller than others, ouly 14 line in diameter. 24. O. ACANTHOCARPA, (sp. nov.): caule arborescente erecto reticulato-lignoso, ramis adscen- dentibus divaricatis articulis cylindricis tuberculatis pallide virescentibus, tuberculis oblongo- linearibus pulvillis ovato-orbiculatis breviter tomentosis vix setosis, aculeis numerosis s. plurimis (8-25) stramineo-vaginatis undique porrectis, stellatis; bacca subglobosa late umbilicata tuberculata ; pulvillis 12-15 tomentosis parce setosis aculeolis validis 8-10 munitis; seminibus magnis muetangulis late commissuratis. (Plate XVIII, fig. 1-3.) On the mountains of Cactus Pass, about 500 miles west of Santa Fé. Stout, stem 5-6 feet high, wood forming a hollow reticulated tube, solid at base; branches few, never verticillate, separating at acute angles; joints 4-6 inches long, 1 inch in diameter, tubercles 9-10 lines long; pulvilli in some with one central and 6 or 8 exterior spines, in others with 3-7 interior and 10-20 exterior stellately radiating spines. Central spines 1-1} inch, exterior 4-10 lines long, with a yellowish or brownish sheath. Fruit 1 inch long with a large but not deep umbilicus, and 12-15 rather shallow tubercles ; spines of fruit stout, 3-6 lines long, stouter and more crowded toward the top of the fruit. Seeds unlike any other of our Opuntie, 24-3 lines in diameter, with rather broad commissure, often spongy on the margin, and on the sides with . many even or concave faces separated by sharp ridges. LI r 52 CACTACE ZE. This peculiar species cannot be confounded with any other, but comes, in the arrangement of spines, nearest to O. arborescens, from which it is easily distinguished by its manner of growth, its elongated tubercles, and especially the much less tuberculated and spiny fruit, and the peculiar seed. 25. G. TESSELATA, Englm.: caule frutescente erecto s. diffuso, dense lignoso, ramosissimo, ramis divaricatis, articulis gracilibus teretibus, plano-tuberculatis cesiis, tuberculis 5-6 angu- latis confertissimis depressis, planiusculis; pulvillo lineari tomentoso vix setis paucis deciduis instructo, inermi s. medio s. versus basin aculeo elongato porrecto s. subdeflexo albido flavido s, fulvo vagina laxi basi constricta flava s. e flavo fulva indusiato, singulo s. rarissime binis; aculeis paucis brevibus setaceis infra sepe adjectis; floris purpurei ovario obovato s. clavato pulvillis 30-50 villoso-tomentosis inermibus s. parce aculeolatis dense stipato; sepalis tubi sub-8 obovato-orbiculatis cuspidatis petalis 5 late obovato-orbiculatis emarginatis; filamentis exterioribus latioribus persistentibus, stigmatibus 5 brevibus ovatis adpressis; bacca ovata basi apiceque contracta sicca pulvillis villosis aculeo-latissimus confertissimis stipata, floris rudi- mentis coronata; seminibus subregularibus margine spongioso crasso parum prominente cinctis. O. ramosissima, E. in Sill. Journ., November, 1852. (Plate XXI, figs. 1-7.) Valley of the Lower Colorado, sal from thence to the California mountains; first discovered by Dr. Parry in the Colorado desert, afterwards found by Dr. Bigelow from the valley of Williams” river to 70 miles east of Cajon Pass, in the California mountains. The flower was first noticed by Mr. A. Schott, in western Sonora, towards the Lower Colorado. Fl. May to September. Stems 2-6 feet high, mostly branching from the base below, 1-3 inches in diameter, covered with a dark-gray scaly bark; wood of young branches reticulate, very soon becoming solid, but even then the retivulated. structure remains visible in the different layers of wood. Annual layers not as distinct as the medullary rays, but more so than in O. frutescens; in a stem of near 2 inches diameter we counted 35 annual layers, 8 or 9 of which belong to the alburnum; branches numerous and slender, of an ashy or grayish green color, younger ones 3 or 33 lines in diameter, well characterized by the remarkable flattened tubercles, which, by closely crowding together, become 5 or 6 angular, diamond-shaped; the areola is linear, extend- ing down to the middle of the tubercle; its short tomentum usually extends upwards between the next adjoining tubercles. Tubercles 24-3 lines long, and a little less in diameter. Spines 14-2 inches long, usually from the middle or at least above the base of the pulvillus, generally only on the upper tubercles of each year's growth, which gives the whole plant a singular appearance, showing the fasciculate spines at some, and having no spines at all on other parts of the apparently homogeneous branches. Sheath contracted at base, and firmly ad- hering to the spine, loose and saccate above. Small bristly spines at the base of the pulvillus, 2-3, sometimes even 5 in number, 1-4 lines long. Flower purple, about 6 lines in diameter, lowest part of the tube naked. Fruit 9-10 lines long, resembling much the fruit of the Clavate Opuntic in shape, being contracted above, with a narrow and deep umbilicus, and retaining the dead remains of the flower, of which the broad, scale-like exterior filaments are most conspicu- ous; pulvilli large and woolly, almost entirely covering the fruit, and beset with 30 to 50 reddiils browa, bristly, flexuous مض‎ 2-3 lines long. Seeds fw; regular, nearly or quite 2 lines in diameter: O. vaaINATA, Englm.: caule frutescente erecto dense lignoso, ramis virgatis demum teretibus junioribus tubercula oblon go-elongata subprominentia gerentibus leete viridibus; foliis subulatis pulvillis orbiculatis magnis breviter albo-tomentosis, setarum straminearum penicilla paro brevi, aculeis ex imo pulvillo singulis elongatis corneis s. fuscis laxe stramineo s. aurantiaco- vaginatis, adjectis subinde supra aculeis minoribus 1-2; bacca ovata tuberculata pulposa flava pulvillos 15-20 majusculos albo-tomentosos setosos gerentibus, umbilico angusto immerso, semi- nibus subregularibus marginatis. (Plate XX, fig. 1.) 0001 ۰ 53 About Albuquerque, where Dr. Wislizenus had already collected it in 1846; apparently extending into Mexico, as Dr. Gregg collected what seems to be the same species about San Luis Potosi. Shrub 3-5 feet high; lower part of stem 1-1} inch thick, covered with scaly, light-yellowish-brown bark ; older branches smooth terete, younger ones 3-4 lines in diameter, strongly tuberculated; tubercles 6-9 lines long; leaves slender, about 3 lines long, and appa- rently somewhat persistent, as they are sometimes found adhering, though withered, even to fruit-bearing branches, which, of course, are over a year old. The same, though to a less extent, is sometimes seen in O. frutescens. Pulvilli unusually large; bristles in the young ones form- ing a small but distinct bunch at the upper edge of the areola, but disappearing on the older joints, contrary to the usual occurrence, when the bristles become stouter and more numerous in older joints. Spines 1-2} inches long, dark, with very loose and glistening sheaths; second or smaller spine sometimes lateral, but usually above the principal one, not below it, as in most others. Flower unknown. Fruit ovate, 8 or 9 lines long, the pulvilli often bear 2-5 obtuse bodies, almost hidden in the tomentum, apparently glandular, but of a fibrous structure. Seeds, 12-15 in each fruit, about 2 lines or a little more in diameter, commissure broad, prominent, forming a distinct, somewhat spongy, rim. (See plate XX, fig. 1, and plate XXIV, figs. 13- 15.) In Dr. Wislizenus' report, the long-spined form of O. frutescens was confounded with this species. It is possible, however, that O. vaginata, as described here, may be a stouter, tuber- culated form of O. frutescens, with lighter colored, tuberculated fruit, and larger seed. 27. O. FRUTESCENS, Engelm. This well known species was observed from Laguna Colorado, 60 miles east of the Pecos, to Williams’ river, a branch of the great Colorado, always with the same characters. The bark is scaly, almost papery, with a silvery reflection ; the wood shows the medullary rays very distinctly, especially 5 of them; much less the annual layers. Fruit deep scarlet, smooth, small, sometimes almost obliterated pulvilli, 5-9 lines long ; seeds 5-10, about 14 lines in diameter, with a narrow and often acute margin. The forms collected on the expedition belong to var. a. longispina; the var. ۵. brevispina has been observed only in Texas and northeastern Mexico. (See Plate XX, fig. 2-5, and Plate XXIV, fig. 16-19.) EXPLANATIONS OF THE PLATES OF CACTACE ۰ Pr. I. Ecurwocacrus WHIPPLEI, E. & B.: fig. 1, whole plant; fig. 2, bunch of spines of the usual size; fig. 3, same, uncommonly large and broad ; fig. 4, same, lateral view ; fig. 5, same, very young; fig. 6, seed—a natural size, b magnified 8 diameters, c part of the surface still more magnified to exhibit the tuberculated appearance. . Pr. II, Fig. 1-2. EcHINOCACTUS POLYANCISTRUS, E. & B.: 1, upper part of a rib with older and younger bunches of spines, the youngest one with a flower bud in the axil; 2, one of the largest and most fully developed bunches of spines. Fie. 3-5. Ecniwocacrus LE Contest, E. : 3, part of a rib, with 2 bunches of spines ; 4, a single bunch of spines from another specimen ; 5, seed—a natural size, ۸ magnified 8 diameters, c part of the surface still more magnified to exhibit the oval pits. Pr. IH, Fig. 1-2. Ecminocacrus WISLIZENI, E.: 1, side view of a bunch of spines ; 2, seed—a natural size, 6 magnified 8 diameters, c part of the surface still more magnified to exhibit the reticulation. This species, collected by Captain Whipple on the Gila, and common about El Paso, on the Rio Grande, has been introduced here to show those characteristics which distin- guish it from the nearly allied E. Le Contei, on the foregoing plate. Fre. 3. Ecmixocacrus EmorY1, E.: two bunches of spines on part of a rib. Fie. 4-6. EcHINOCACTUS POLYCEPHALUS, E. & B.: 4, part of a rib, with 3 bunches of short, stout, and straightish spines; 5, a young bunch of spines of unusual dimensions and much curved, with a woolly fruit in the axil ; 6, seed—a natural size, b magnified 8 diameters, c part of the surface more magnified to show the warty appearance, d seed after the removal of the outer integument, embryo, together with a considerable quantity of albumen in the endopleura, e embryo curved with accumbent cotyledons. Pr. IV, Fig. 1-3. CEREUS PHGNICEUS, E.: 1, upper part of a head bearing a flower; و2‎ a bunch of spines of the usual size ; 3, part of a rib, with 3 bunches of spines from an uncommonly large form. Fro 4-5. CEREUS PHENICEUS, sub. sp. CONOIDEUS, E. & B.: 4, upper part of a head; 5, part of a rib, with 2 bunches of spines. Fie. 6-7. CEREUS TRIGLOCHIDIATUS, E.: 6, upper part of a large head, with a flower; 7, part of a rib of another specimen, with smaller curved spines. Fic. 8. CEREUS Mosavensis, E. & B.: part of a rib, with 3 bunches of spines. Fie. 9. CEREUS Mosavensis, E. & B., var. zuNIENSIS: part of a rib, with 2 bunches of spines. Pr. V, Fig. 1. CEREUS HEXZEDRUS, E. & B.: upper part of a head. Fie. 2-3. CEREUS GONACANTHUS, E. & B.: 2, part of a rib, with two bunches of spines; 3, another fascicle of spines ; the 3 bunches of spines show all a different proportion of the central and the upper radial spines. Fira. 4-7. CEREUS ENGELMANNI, var. VARIEGATUS, E. & B.: 4 and 5, two bunches of spines, showing a different arrangement of central spines ; 6, fruit; 7, seed—a natural size, b magnified 8 diameters, c part of the surface still more magnified to show the irregular tuberculation. Fie. 8-10. CEREUS ENGELMANNI, var. CHRYSOCENTRUS, E. & B.: 8, part of two ribs, with numerous spines ; 9, a single bunch of spines ; 10, ars sterile and perhaps not fully developed. Pr. VI, Fig. 1-3. OPUNTIA CHLOROTICA, E. & B.: 1, joint with a flower. The flower to be reconstructed from a withered specimen collected in January; 2, sterile and probably unde- EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 55 veloped fruit ; 3, fragment of the bark of the lower part of the plant, with several large bunches of spines. $ Fie. 4-5. OPUNTIA PROCUMBENS, E. & B.: 4, part of a joint; 5, larger bunch of spines from another specimen. Pr. VII, Fig. 1-2. OPUNTIA OCCIDENTALIS, E. & B.: 1, joint of the usual shape and size; 2, fruit. Fra. 3-4. OPUNTIA ANGUSTATA, E. & B.: 3, a large and less spinous joint with a sterile degenerate spinous fruit ; 4, a smaller, more spinous joint with a full grown ripe fruit. Pr. VIII, Fig. 1. OPUNTIA ENGELMANNI, var. CYCLODES, E. & B.: with ripe fruit. Fie. 2-3. OPUNTIA TORTISPINA, E. & B.: 2, fragment of a joint with fewer spines and ripe fruit ; 3, part of a more spiny joint. Pu. IX, Fig. 1-5. OPUNTIA CAMANOHIOA, E. & B.: 1, a joint with shorter and lighter colored spines; 2, a joint with larger and darker spines; 3, fragment of a joint with more numerous an, docwded spines; 4 and 5, ripe fruit of the smaller and largest size. Fie, 6-8, OPUNTIA MOJAVENSIS, E. & B.: 6, a younger bunch of spines’ 7, another from the oldest part of the plant; 8, a sterile and degenerate fruit. Pr. X. Fig. 1-2. OPUNTIA VULGARIS, Mill.: 1, a young joint with leaves, the older one has a single spine and bears, a flower bud ; 2, a single leaf magnified 4 diameters. The figures of this species have been introduced to exhibit the diagnostic characters and its difference from the next species. Fre. 3-5. OPUNTIA Rarrwzsqui, E. ; 3, an older joint with a flower and a bud, and a younger half-grown joint with leaves. This represents the spinous form common in Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas. 4,an older joint of the variety with few spines, bearing numerous fruits of different shapes, as they often occur in the same plant; 5, two leaves of different sizes mag- nified 4 diameters. Pr. XI, Fig. 1, OPUNTIA RAFINESQUII, Var. MINOR, E.: the larger joint spineless, the upper one spiny on the margin. Fie. 2-3. OPINTIA RAFINESQUII, var. GRANDIFLORA, E.: 2, a joint with flower ; 3, fruit. Fre. 4. OPUNTIA FUSCOATRA, E.: a joint with a young fruit just after flowering, fragment of an older, very bristly, joint visible. Fig. 1-3. OPUNTIA CYMOCHILAS, E. & B.: 1, a joint; 2, a single bunch of spines; 3, ripe fruit. Fie. 4-6. OPUNTIA STENOCHILA, E. & B.: 4, a joint ; 5 and 6, a smaller and large fruit. Fie. 7-8. OPUNTIA FUSIFORMIS, E. & B.: 7, a joint; 8, a fruit. Fie. 9. OPUNTIA BRACAYARTHRA, E. & B.: a whole plant with two withered flowers. _ Pr. XIII. Fig. 1-5. OPUNTIA BASILARIS, E. & B.: 1, a joint somewhat shrivelled as it appears in winter; a late young joint near its base appears more plump and fresh ; 2, flower; 3, style; 4, undeveloped sterile fruit; 5, a whole plant reduced in size to show the singular manner of growth. Fie. 6-7. OPUNTIA SPHAROCARPA, E. & B.: joint and fruit. Fie. 8-11. OPUNTIA ERINACEA, E. & B.: 8, joint of the usual shape, (only partly finished ;) 9 and 10, bunches of spines ; 11, fruit. Pr. XIV. Fig. 1-3. OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, var. RUFISPINIS, E. & B.: 1, a joint, (only partly completed ;) 2, a very full bunch of spines ; 3, fruit. Fie. 4. OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, var. PLATYCARPA, E.: fruit. Fie, 5-7. OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, var. MICROSPERMA, E.: 5, joint (unfinished) with flower; 6, bunch of spines ; 7, fruit. Fre. 8-10. OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, var. ALBISPINA, E. & B.: 8, joint (unfinished); 9, bunch of spines ; 10, fruit. Pr. XV, Fig. 1-4. OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS, var. TRICHOPHORA, E. & B.: 1, part of an old stem ` 56 | EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. showing the thickness and hairy spines, upper younger joints (unfinished); 2, bunch of spines from a younger joint; 3, same from an older part of the plant; 4, fruit. Fie. 5-7. OPUNTIA HYSTRICINA, E. & B.: 5, a joint (unfinished); 6, a large bunch of spines ; 7, fruit. Pr. XVI. OPUNTIA Davisu, E. & B.: 1, a branch showing the structure of the older parts, an older and young joints with two fruits; 2, a tubercle with its bunch of spines, the membran- aceous sheaths partly torn, showing the spine itself; 3, a degenerate sterile spiny fruit in its transition to a branch, as it is often seen in this species and others, especially cylindric opuntia ; 4, the whole plant reduced. Pr. XVII, Fig. 1-4. OPUNTIA WHIPPLEI, E. & B.: 1, a branch of the more common form of the plant covered with ripe fruit. At (a) the fruit is undeveloped, probably not different from the ovary of the flower, only more shrivelled ; 2, branch of a larger specimen, spines more numerous, fruit larger; 3, a single bunch of spines of this specimen ; 4, whole plant reduced. Fro 5-6. OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS, E. : 5, a stout branch with numerous spines and large fruit ; 6, a bunch of spines of same. Pr. XVIII, Fig. 1-3. OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA, E. & B.: 1, an older branch with fruit; 2, a- young branch ; 3, whole plant reduced. Fra. 4. OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS, E. : whole plant reduced. 716. 5-10. OPUNTIA ECHINOCARPA, E. & B.: 5, a branch of the plant densely covered with the sheathed spines; 6, 7, and 8, banci of spines ; 9, fruit, side view ; 10, same, top view. Pr. XIX. OPUNTIA BPEregrovr, E.: 1, a single joint; 2 and 3, tuliersian, with bunches of spines ; 4, young undeveloped fruit; 5, an apparently full-grown fruit, sterile, and perhaps degenerating into a branch ; 6, part of the ligneous skeleton, forming a wide tube, and showing in the reticulated structure the traces of the tubercles and branches ; 7, an entire plant reduced ; on the left of the main stem is a younger shoot, with vigorous erect joints. Pr. XX, OPUNTIA VAGINATA, E.: 1, an older joint bearing two fruits, and a young vigorous shoot. Fig. 2-3. OPUNTIA FRUTESCENS, E., var. LONGISPINA ` from Williams’ river of the Colorado; 2, a branch with fruit; 3, lower part of the trunk, with some roots ; the sections show the struc- ture of the dense wood. Fig. 4-5. OPUNTIA FRUTESCENS, E., var. BREVISPINA: 4, a branch with fruits, most of them sterile, one producing young branches from its upper areola; 5, a flower. Pr. XXI. OPUNTIA TESSELATA, E.: 1,a branch with fruit a, a, and a withered flower b; 2 and 3, flowers as they probably are reconstructed from withered specimens; 4, a small joint magnified so as to show distinctly the appearance of the tubercles and areole; 5, part of the stem with a section of the wood above and a fracture below, so as plainly to show the ligneous structure; the bark of the younger branches exhibits the tesselated surface, while in the older trunk it is lost in the irregular scales; 6, ligneous skeleton of a young branch; 7, a whole plant reduced. Pr. XXII, Fig. 1-3. OPUNTIA CLAVATA, E: 1, joint with a ripe fruit; 2, one of the upper bunches of spines ; 3, part of the central spine magnified 4 diameters. Fra. 47. OPUNTIA Pannyr, E: 4, joint with ripe fruit ; 5, bunch of spines, side view ; 6, another one, front view ; 7, part of the central spine magniliel 4 diameters. The remaining figures of this and all the two following plates represent seeds and their details of almost all the Opuntic described in this report. Fig. a represents a side view of the seed, natural size; b, same, four times magnified, as are all the following figures; c, posterior view ; d, anterior view ; e, vertical section of seed, exhibiting the position and proportion of the ہی‎ and the dees: : Í, embryo and albumen coated by the endopleura, after the removal of the testa; g, lateral view of embryo. The other letters h, i, k, etc., will be explained wherever they occur. x E 13 uc i 9 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 57 Fra. 8-9. Seeds of Or. ENGELMANNI, var. CYCLODES. Fie. 10. Seed of Or. OCCIDENTALIS : One of the embryos, g, shows the cotyledons in an oblique almost incumbent position. Fie. 11. Seed of OP. ANGUSTATA. Fra. 12-15. Seeds of Or. CAMANCHICA, of different sizes and shapes. Pr. XXIII, Fig. 1-5. Seeds of Or. TORTISPINA: 1-3, seeds of different sizes and shapes; 4, two embryos in one seed ; رشن‎ different views of both embryos together as they lay in the seed; i, interior layer, and رط‎ exterior smaller embryo; 5, germination of a double embryo; two young plants from one eg, the larger one still bearing the shell of the seed. Fie. 6. Seed of OP. FUSIFORMIS. Fre. 7-12. Seeds of Or. RAFINESQUI, and some of its varieties and sub-species ; 7, usual form from Missouri, (see pl. X, fig. 3;) h, û, k, germination in different stages of development ; J, seedling with three cotyledons. Fra. 8. Small seed from the fruit, (represented on pl. X, fig. 4.) Fira. 9. OP. STENOCHILA. Fra. 10-12. Op. cYMOcHILA : 10 and 11, different forms of the usual variety ; 12, seed of the variety montana. Fo 13. Seed of Or. VULGARIS. Fra. 14. Seeds of Or. BASILARIS: An irregular and a very regular one from the same fruit. Fra. 15. Seed of OP. HYSTRICINA. Fro. 16-19. Seeds of different forms of Op. MISSOURIENSIS: 16, var. RUFISPINA 17, var. PLA- TYCARPA ; h, seedling of same; 18, var. ALBISPINA ; 19, var. TRICOPHORA. Pr. XXIV, Fig. 1-2. Or. MISSOURIENSIS : 1, var. with smaller fruit and seeds from the Upper Missouri ; 2, var. MICROSPERMA. (See pl. XIV, Fig. 5-7.) Fira. 3. Seed of OP. SPHAEROCARPA. . Fic. 4. Seed of Or. ERINACEA : The embryo, g, shows considerable obliquity of the cotyledons. Fra. 5. Seed of Op. FRAGILIS: From the Yellowstone river. Fie. 6. Seed of Or. cLAVATA : The embryo, g, oblique. Fro. 7. Seed of Or. PARRYI: Embryo, g, nearly accumbent. Fie. 8. Seed of OP. ECHINOCARPA : One of the seeds quite regular, the other irregular ; embryo, g, رو‎ always regularly accumbent ; h, and i, seedlings with the very narrow and thick cotyledons crossing each other, one of them bearing the shell of the seed. Fie. 9-10. Seeds of Op. WHIPPLEI : 9, seed of the plant represented Pl. XVII, fig, 2, seed larger, commissure perfectly linear, cotyledons oblique; 10, seeds of the other specimen, PI. XXII, fig. 1, seeds smaller, of different shapes, commissure a little wider, cotyledons oblique, in i somewhat separated; in Z three cotyledons, of which / is a transverse section, À, seedling with very narrow and long cotyledons. Fie. 11. Seeds of Op. ACANTHOCARPA, of different shapes all from one fruit. Fic. 12. Seeds of OP. ARBORESCENS, of different shapes belonging to the plant, figured Pl. XVII, fig. 5, smaller than those sent by other collectors, embryo g, regularly incumbent. Fre. 13-15. Seeds of Op. VAGINATA : 13-14, seeds of different sizes from the plant, Pl. XX, fig. 1., the smaller one is empty and perhaps not fully formed; 15, seed of the same species onllented i in Mexico by Dr. Gregg. Cotyledons regularly incumbent Fre. 16-19. Seeds of OP. FRUTESCENS: 16, var. LONGISPINA from Ke Llano Estacado (Pl. XX, fig. 2); 17, same from Mexico Dr. Gregg ; 18, same from Williams River branch of the great _ Colorado; 19, var. BREVISPINA, from Texas, Lindheimer. In all these the cotyledons of the embryo are regularly incumbent. Fie. 20. Seeds of OP. TEssELATA : embryo oblique or almost accumbent. All the figures are of natural size unless the contrary is expressly stated. "They were drawn with the greatest accuracy, partly from living and in part from dried specimens, by Mr. Paulus 8r 58 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. ; Roetter of St. Louis, under the personal superintendence of Dr. Engelmann. The drawings made on the spot by Mr. H. B, Möllhausen, the artist of the expedition, greatly aided the work and were made use of, and even partly copied, especially in the plates exhibiting the Cylindric Opuntiæ. . USPRREX & SURVEYS 35 D las a Egbert A its , ۵ؤ‎ Ra ECHINOCACTUS WHIPPLET E &B AckermanLith JIBroada aN] h Ti” Y. 77 adwayd 2 74 Ge 5 Ps L fe A. Plate 11. " Ch / 7 0 f 4 / f - i erman t € CA! m‏ سس بی مس m. Ee‏ جم a E | 1 Ium. E‏ ei e ` 2 3 1 R 1 j Y e j É j ۱ ۱ "E SD i» p / j Cast yo SS +] اع‎ kite ed RA BE, 97 EEN EE "PARAL LE — 4 RES VSS SS ہبرجت سا ` dé TI) ITA Mug M TAI: MM | AN 0 Ten Hicht: LAN Z al ۱ 7 0 Nb E‏ تسج == ۱ WÉI * ANN 0 KAS x. 1 SE Ze = ` SR, SE ۳ SN GC 7 i 2 GC ES 72 TT LÀ = 2 Ge = € = = = ac = zz > nen 0 MN M 115, WO A ۰۷۵ 0 ai = ës E = EE = = = aoe = | سرد‎ ee YL = = Vy; Z ۶7 E Le pm 2 ‘= =V — توص === Z= کے‎ s == KI ۹ 1 VW NR 00 1 ۱ h N Ni WAN 01100 MS AA NS Y ۹ ۴ گر‎ 7 UG, «S CN f£ ZZ j Ef SN PS Ss aun. Z (7 SN MAL N SW == = = pagum a 7722 شر‎ GE SE, è SC GE EE 7 LA = f -6 E POLYCEPHALUS, E SB Ackerman. f E LET TRAMA ut e vs ith 310 Broadway. ° Fo CACTACEA Plate IV * ۱ i ۱ mu 过 ® x ۱ | ] NS ےیہر‎ AS B یق‎ — 2 à as LAN (e ۱ Ackerman Tah 370 Broadw. wN Y S TRIGLOCHIDIATUS, E. TUE S. 35? PARA SPRREX SURVEY U. USPRR.EXESURVEY 3.358 PARALLEL. 人 CACTACEA,. Plate Vl USPRREX s SURVEYS 35% PARALLEL. | | i 1 ۴۰ ۷۳ ۸ D A CERGE l Pils (T^r per RALE Em PA ^ سك to,‏ nd. EQ NY 2 SIIB Ackerman Lith Bei y 2‏ ہے Y‏ تو ایی رو SIE‏ Lith. * مگ‎ ` ` E. x TS PRREX SURVEYS ی‎ PARALLEL. 3 7 CACTAC ER. Plate X. deer ۱ Ackerman Luh 378ËoaQway N Y 17۸ VULGARIS, Mull, 3-5 OP RAFINESQUI, E. == UN Sl ۱ / T i ) 0 mr tli X p, j L ”多 ff S S 4 E | p” لت‎ = f A Y, MU I X S 7 ^ 3 Ç 7 Ss S d NA SE SS BEN Wy Wy Ç NSS ANN. TS ES A FINESQUII, “minor, E. 2-3 OP RAFINESQUII, grandiflora E AN SES VR کی‎ 4, OPUNTIA FUSCO - ATRA, E. dca ei‏ نوی اس شوت —= Ar = < > e R. SIRO 0 Ws en, ۱ $ 1 y yA Ae > "o ay س‎ Z = e ج ا 1-3, OPUNTIA. CYMOCHILA, E ۰ | 9 OPUNTIA BRACHYARTHRA, E&B. 4-6-OPUNTIA STENOCHILA, ESB. 7*8, OPUNTIA FUSIFORMIS, E YB. 4 — OR: USPRREX £SURVEYS 8 / /۷ ۱ WI WAY: ۱ d ۱ 7 WN Z 1-5 OPUNTIA BASILARIS,E&B. '6=7 OPUNTIA SPHAROCARPA, ESE i 8-1 OPUNTIA ERINACEA, E & B USPRREX &SURVEYS; 353PARALLEL | E A T SW T < ^11 Nes (Té DED مو یہ‎ oie rth j وا‎ a a s LS 9 2ھ‎ , 35 PARALLEI i À rACEA, , Plate XN 1 1 8 Zi E 2 DEA Ee Ce, 7 ` < 08 汉代 S 00 تپ‎ GE X 7 NS NS < UN A ^ š ES < Dee SE " E hr AA oc A EC E a باب‎ PUDE a de | 1. 2 OPUNTIA MISSOURIENSIS. DC. var TRICHOPHO RA. EYB zb OPUNTIA HYSTRI CINA, E &B, ` USPRREX.£SURVEYS 359PAR ALLET, CACTACEA,Plate XVI / j I 1 i e Ge een EE EE Ek: A e EM Te E — : Menem Ackerman ith SProadx NY. z .. USPRREX &SURVEYS, 35%PARALTEL 1 ‘4-4 OPUNTIA WHIPPLEI E&B. 5-6 OP. ARBORESCENS, E a USPRREX£ SURVEYS 358PARALLET CACTACEA, Plate XVII | ANY JN EQ ۳ Pu e : Ge LAS ee‏ ہہ Se PR 2 7 |‏ N‏ 1 y x U de € SH جرک =S me : ° = = =‏ NAA iE E GS‏ ? Fe Y 3 27 a =Z 7 SE < ZC ZE) 1 dh dE‏ مسب ہم Akerman 1 th MAL alway’ / Q Y ao مت‎ MIA 3 1 OPUNTIA VAGINATA, E <5 نا‎ 2.3 mar LONGISPINA. .4-5 var. BREVISE ⁄ le SÉ 有 Lë ARA 205 ue DARA SA Ur TS NI 77 OPUNTIA TESSELLATA, E. E ZING N SM S N WZ WN Za Les AWA | I | ^ NIA A = WS age NS J OPUNTIA CLAVATA.E P PLAUT x rer ex "au » ۳ COPUNTIA ANGUSTATA i5 B S a OP TORTIS OP FUSI am MILT À mi LN UL HLA OP. VUL CARIS Latvca wa. D £ tt VAT CL CO ۸ ۳ "17 X^ T? " ww CACTACEA, Plate Xk mL cT 07 (一 SÄI ; hi Mg RW j SE H ۱ راو‎ ME jp 2 / jh ) YY ¿ OP e f^ 3 AACA NT ` : a _, OP. ARBORESCENS. Mm e ۱ e š ‘OP YTRUTESCENS | INTRODUCTION. The greater part of the botanical collections made by Dr. J. M. Bigelow, in the Pacific Railroad Survey, under the charge of Captain Whipple, were submitted to me for examination, in accordance with the instructions of the War Department. The plants that were collected before reaching Fort Smith, on the western borders of Arkansas, are of comparatively little interest, and are not included in the following list. The surveying party, in proceeding from Fort Smith to Albuquerque, travelled near the Canadian river, through the Indian territory and northern Texas ; thence through northeastern New Mexico to the Rio Grande. This river was crossed on the 10th of November, at which time the flowering season of most plants had passed ; and the explorations continued through western New Mexico, chiefly between the parallels of 35? and 36°, to the Great Colorado, which was reached on the 28th of February. The most interesting region of this part of the route is the valley. of Williams' river, (com- monly called Bill Williams” Fork,) a tributary of the Colorado. Some of the most remarkable plants of the collection were found here, and it is a matter of regret that a country so rich and peculiar in its Flora (and 1 am informed by Professor Baird that its Fauna is equally remark- able) was not visited at a more favorable season. From the Colorado the route was across the California desert to the Cajon Pass, in the southern part of the Sierra Nevada; thence through Coco Mungo and Los Angeles to San Pedro, on the Pacific coast. Here the surveys of Captain Whipple terminated ; but Dr. Bigelow remained in California until near the first of June, and improved the time in exploring considerable portions of the valleys of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, as well as numerous tributaries of those rivers. His ample collections were brought home in perfect order, and the following report affords abundant proof of the zeal and success with which he labored. A number of new genera, and more than sixty new species, have been discovered by Dr. Bigelow, and he has added much valuable information upon many heretofore imperfectly known plants. The observations of Dr. Bigelow upon the geographical botany of the regions explored are interesting, and are embodied by him in a separate memoir, as also are his notes upon the more interesting forest trees of the country. The Cactaceæ collected in the Expedition have been elaborated conjointly by Dr. Engelmann and Dr. Bigelow, and are described by them in a separate portion of Captain Whipple's report. The Composite and Scrophulariacee were described by my friend "Dr. Gray, to whom I am indebted also for much valuable aid in drawing up this catalogue, as will be seen by the fre- quent quotation of his manuscript names in the following pages. The drawings were, with few exceptions, executed by Sprague and Riocreux, two of the most skilful botanical artists now living. All the engraving has been done upon stone by Prestele, who excels in this branch of the art. ge JOHN TORREY. New York, January 12, 1857. ie Lë A No. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERAL BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS, dë JOHN TORREY. RANUNCULACEAE. CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA, Nutt. in Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 9. Near San Antonita, New Mexico ; October. In fruit. CLEMATIS BIGELOVIT, (sp. nov.): humilis? herbacea? glabella; foliis pinnatis vel subbipin- natis ; foliolis 7-9 trilobis tripartitisve longiuscule petiolulatis, lobis subovatis integerrimis nune incisis; pedunculis solitariis unifloris; calyce subcampanulato, sepalis anguste oblongis haud crassis apice obtuso patentibus; caudis carpellorum dense plumosus. On the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. Ofthis apparently new Clematis there is only a single flowering specimen and a few mature carpels in the collection. The stem appears to be low and nearly herbaceous, but it probably elongates and climbs by the petioles. The leaflets are only from half an inch to an inch in length, membranaceous and inconspicuously veined ; those of the lower pinn more divided. Peduncle an inch or two in length, nodding in flower. Sepals scarcely over half an inch in length, pale, membranaceous in the dried state, probably a little thickened in the living plant, but not leathery as in C. Viorna, C. Pitcheri, etc., almost glabrous, except the densely tomentose margin, not appendaged, but the obtuse tip spreading. Carpels silky pubescent, becoming glabrate; the tails over an inch long, plumose as in C. Viorna. The flowers are smaller than in any other North American species of this division. . TIS LASIANTHA. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 9. Hill sides, Napa valley, April 27. Only the male plant of this showy species was collected by Dr. Bigelow. The female was not known when the Flora of North America was published ; but it has since been found by Colonel Frémont. The carpels have tails of about an inch and a half in length. THALICTRUM FENDLERI, Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 5; var. ۸ POLYCARPUM: glaberrimum ; carpellis numerosioribus eglandulosis. Mountain ravines, New Mexico. In fruit October, &c. Sides of rivulets, Napa valley, California, April 25, (with i ture fruit). Itoccurs in Coulter's California collection, in flower only. Leaves mostly petiolate, ternately decompound : leaflets obovate and cuneate, incisely 3-lobed ; the lobes cut or entire. Panicle contracted, few-flowered. Sepals ovate, rather acute. Carpels 15-25, ovate, compressed, with two prominent ribs on each side. Stigma linear, elongated. T. Fendleri has a more compound and spreading panicle than our plant, and the carpels are more or less glandular. THALICTRUM DIOICUM, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 38. Mountains near San Gabriel; March 23. Only the male flowers are in the collection ; and it is possible the plant may be distinct from T. dioicum. That species occurs in Oregon. i ANEMONE NEMOROSA, Linn. ; var. caule gracili elongato ; foliis utrinque pubescentibus. San 62 BOTANY. Geronimo Ranch; April 12. Differs from the ordinary form of A. nemorosa, in its tall stem (which is a foot or more below the involucre), the elongated petioles, and the pretty strong pubescence of the leaves. The leaflets are rhombic-ovate, incised and rather coarsely toothed, but the lateral ones are not two-parted in any of the specimens. Such leaflets, however, occur now and then in the eastern A. nemorosa. Rev. Mr. Spalding found the same plant on the Kooskooskee, in Oregon, and it exists in Geyer's collection. RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS, Linn. sp. p. 556. Corte Madera; in water ; P». 10-13. This seems not to be the form or species which almost universally fecken the section Batrachium in North America, but what is called R. aquatilis by those European authors, who do not subdivide the Linnean species extremely. It is a state destitute of emersed leaves. RANUNCULUS HEDERACEUS, Linn. var. With the preceding. Nearly the R. tripartitus, D.C., as to the leaves, etc. ; but the receptacle of the fruit is glabrous. The petals are oblong-obovate and twice the length of the calyx. This is the first Batrachium, bearing emersed leaves, which we have received from any part of North America. - RANUNCULUS TRACHYSPERMUS, var.? LINDHEIMERI, 0 in Pl. Lindh. 1, p. 3. Napa valley, in wet places; April 26. The granulate roughened carpels principally distinguish this from R. pusillus (to which R. oblongifolius, EU., with large bright yellow petals, numerous stamens, and apiculate achenia, does nof: properly belong). The heads of carpels incline to become oblong. RANUNCULUS DIVARICATUS, Schrank; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 8. Inthe bed of the Pecos ; October. RANUNCULUS AFFINIS, FR. Br. ; Var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 13, t. 6. Near San Antonita ; : October. In fruit. RANUNCULUS CALIFORNICUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 295. R. dissectus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 316. R. delphinifolius, Torr. € Gray, Fl. Suppl. p. 659, non H. B. € K. Los Angeles; March 21. This is R. acris ñ. Torr. € Gray = R. Depp, Nutt. Mss. It agrees exactly with Nuttall's specimens. Two forms of the plant were collected by Dr. Bigelow. 1. About a span high, manifestly pubescent, and the leaves with narrowly linear segments. 2. Tall and stout ; less pubescent; leaves with oblong-cuneate segments. Fremont gathered the latter in 1846, near San José. RANUNCULUS REPENS, Linn.; Torr. de Gray, Fl. l.c. San Francisco; April 5. Resembles the European. In the long styles it agrees with some of the forms of this polymorphous species, though not with the ordinary state of it, that we find in the northern States. RANUNCULUS canus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 295. Hill sides, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada و‎ May 11. A less white-hairy form ; some of the radical leaves only 3—5-parted. The plant is probably only a state of R. repens. RANUNCULUS HEBECARPUS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 369. R. parviflorus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,p*25. Along rivulets, Sonora, May 9th; and hill-sides, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus ; May 8. Not an uncommon species in the southern part of California. It is regarded by most of our botanists as a variety of R. parviflorus, which, indeed, it very much resembles. This species differs, however, it being much less hairy ; the lobes of the leaves are broader and less acute ; the fruit is decidedly tuberculate, while in R. hebecarpus it is merely a little roughened, and the pubescence longer. In the latter the beak of the fruit is decidedly shorter than in the former. AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS, Linn. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 29; var. sepalis limbo petalorum duplo-longiorius, calcare subequalibus. A formosa, Fisch. in DC. Prodr. 1, p. 20; Torr. & Gray,l. c. Plains near Oakland, California; April 5. DELPHINIUM NUDICAULE, Torr. £ Gray, Pl. 1 y p. 39; d 661. D. sarcophyllum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 317. Hill sides, Napa valley, April 27, and near San Geronimo Ranch, Cali- fornia, April 12. A beautiful species with large scarlet flowers. It would be a great acquisi- tion to our gardens. A splendid scarlet-flowered Delphinium was discovered by Dr. Parry, in 1850, on the mount- ains east of San Diego. It is D. coccinium, Torr. (Bot. Mexican Boundary Survey, with a BOTANY. 63 figure). It differs from D. nudicaule in the leaves, the lobes of which are deeply 3-cleft, with linear-lanceolate acute segments. DELPHINIUM AzUREUM, Miche. Fl. 1, p. 314: var. floribus coeruleo-albidis, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 296. Plains, etc., Knight’s Ferry, Stanislaus; May 7. DELPHINIUM PATENS, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 296. Hills, Napa; and on mountains near Oakland; April 4-25. DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 25; Hook. & Arn. Bot; Beechey, p. 317. Napa valley; April 26. DELPHINIUM VARIEGATUM, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 32; D. decorum, Benth. Pl. Harto. p. 295. Napa valley; April 26. Flowers sometimes almost white. DELPHINIUM DECORUM, Fisch. & Mey. Index sem. (3) Petrop., p. 33. Plains near Punta de los Reyes; April 17. Perhaps D. variegatum is not distinct from this. DELPHINIUM SCOPULORUM, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 9. In the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. In fruit. : ACTZA SPICATA, Linn. var. ARGUTA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl.1, p. 35. Redwoods, Corte Madera, and Oakland; April 4-10. Not found before south of Oregon. We are of opinion that A. rubra and A. alba are likewise only varieties of A. spicata. PzontA Browni, Dougl. im Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 27; Bot. Heg. 25, t. 30. Coco- mungo, March 17; and Duffield's ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 10. P. Californica, Nutt., is not a distinct species. Crossosoma CALIFORNICA, (Tab. 1,) Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Journ. Acad. Philad. (ser. 2) 1, p. 150. Cañons on Williams’ River, a branch of the Colorado, western New Mexico; February 8. In the memoir above quoted, Mr. Nuttall does not express any opinion as to the affinities of this genus, owing to the embryo being unknown, the seeds in all his specimens being imperfect; but he says that it “may well form a Suborder Crossosomex.’’ On the ticket of a fragment of this plant, which he sent us, he has written: Nat. Order Pæoniaceæ. Unfortunately, our specimens are only in flower, and the ripe seeds are still wanting. Although the stamens are decidedly perigynous, and the seeds are furnished with an ample fimbrillate arillus, the plant may never- theless belong to the tribe or Suborder Peeoniacese. We were once inclined to refer it to tribe Spire: of Rosacez, to which it has some resemblance in the flowers; but it is destitute of stipules, and arillate seeds are not found in that order. We should place this remarkable plant in Dilleniacez, were it not for the perigynous stamens. These are inserted in several series into the upper part ofa thin disk which, lining the tube of the calyx, projects in a somewhat tumid border around the base of the pistils, as in Peeonia. BERBERIDACEZ. VANCOUVERIA HEXANDRA, Morr. de Dec. in Ann. Sc. Nat. (2 ser.) 2, p. 351; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p.52. Epimedium hexandrum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 31, t. 13. Deep ravines and shady woods, Napa valley; April 27. -— e BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 219, t. 4, (excl. fig. 4.) Hill-sides Downieville, Yuba; May 22. In the specimens from this locality, the leaflets are mostly reduced to a single pair, and are sometimes even solitary. The Var. REPENS was found in the Sandia mountains of New Mexico. i ; BERBERIS PINNATA, Lag. Elench. 1803, p. 6; Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 296. Mahonia fascicu- laris, DO. Syst. 2, p. 19, and in Deless. Ic. 2, 1. 3. Mountains near Oakland ; April 4. This agrees pretty well with Delessert's figure, but we are not confident that it is distinct from B. aquifolium. The short petioles are pretty constant, but we can find no other reliable characters. This plant occurs also near San Francisco. o ; BERBERIS TRIFOLIATA, Moricand, Pl. Amer. t. 69? In arroyas and cañons; Lithodendron creek western New Mexico; December 4, (in fruit.) This species grows 15 feet high. The leaves 64 BOTANY. have frequently two pairs of leaflets, which are furnished with 2-4 (sometimes more) very strong angular teeth. The fructiferous racemes are loose, and the pedicles of the dark-blue berries are half an inch long. The same plant grows between the Rio Grande and the Gila, where it was collected by Major Emory, and it is the B. pinnata of Sitgreave's report. Colonel Frémont found it on the tributaries of the Virgin river. Dr. Gregg collected, near the battle-field of Buena Vista, what seems to be the same species, except that he says the berries are reddish ; but they may be so only when they are unripe. BERBERIS FENDLERI, Gray, Fl. Fendl.,p. 5. Mountain arroyas and bluffs on the Pecos, New Mexico; October. In fruit. The lower cauline leaves are spinulose-toothed, and the racemes appear not to have been many-flowered ; otherwise the specimens accord with those of Fendler. PAPAVERACEJA. ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA, Cham. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 664. Sandy plains, OE March 19. Common in most parts ar California. 了 EScHSCHOLTZIA Doverasir, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 320; Torr. € Gray, l. c. ID Knight's ferry, Stanislaus: May 8. We find the àctimination of the calyx nearly as long as in the preceding species. "The flowers, too, are smaller than in the Oregon plant. EscHSCHOLTZIA Doveras, Var. tenuifolia. E. tenuifolia, Benth. in Trans. Hort. Soc. (ser. 2) 1, p. 408. With E. Douglasii, from which it differs only in its usually very short stem, long sub-radical peduncles, aud very narrow segments of the leaves; characters which are by no means constant. What appears to be a diminutive form of this variety, was collected on Wil- liams' River of the Great Colorado, early in February. : DENDROMECON RIGIDUM, Benth. in Hort. Trans. (ser. 2) 1, p. 407; Hook. To. TEST. es hills near Oakland, California; April 5. MECONELLA CALIFORNICA, Torr. & Frém. in Frém. 2d Rep. Mokelumne hill, California; May 17. Also found on the American river by Mr. Rich, and near San Francisco by Mr. Thurber: We have also specimens collected in California by Mr. Gibbes. It differs from M. Oregana in having 11 or 12 stamens, and in its much larger flowers. PLATYSTIGMA LINEARE, Benth. in Hort. Trans. (2 ser.) 1, p, 407; Hook. Ic. t. 38; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 65. Low places near San Francisco; Apt 8. A much rarer plant than the next. PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUM, Benth. l. c.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1679; Torr. € Gray, Fl. l. c. Cocomungo, March 17; plains near San Gabriel: March 23. 有 LEIoCARPUM, Torr. & Gray, l. c. Hills and plains, Benicia, April 24; ein سر‎ 8 ferry, Stanislaus, May 8. MECONOPSIS HETEROPHYLLA, Benth. l. c.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 61; Hook. Ic. 8, t. 2۰ Hill-sides, Martinez, California; April 23. ARGEMONE MEXICANA, Linn. Plains of Deer creek, Arkansas; August. FUMARIACEJE. DICENTRA FORMOSA, DO. Syst. 2, p. 109; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 603, (not 67.) Fumaria formosa, Dryand. Bot. Mag. t. 1335. la near Oakland, Au 5; [s and ravines, Duffield's ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 12. CRUCIFERZ. . . CHEIRANTHUS CAPITATUS, Dougl. in Hook, Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 38; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. ۰ C. asper, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea 1, p. 14, (excl. syn.) Erysimum grandiflorum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 96. Sand Hills, near the sea-shore, Punta de los Reyes, April 17. A true Cheiranthus. Nasturtium PALUSTRE, DC.: the usual short-fruited form. On the Pecos, and St. Domingo ; 5 October. BOTANY. 65 NASTURTIUM OBTUSUM, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 74. River banks, Middle Yuba, May 2. The North American species of this genus need a careful revision. The are probably too many of them described in our books. NASTURTIUM CURVISILIQUA, Nutt. l. c. Gravelly hills near the Colorado; Feb uary. Without full-grown fruit, BARBAREA VULGARIS, R. Br.; var. pedicellis angulo recto patulis, ete. Benth, Fl. Hartw., p. 297. Near San Francisco and Punta de los Reyes, April. STREPTANTHUS FLAVESCENS, Hook. lc. 1, t. 34; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. TT. River banks, Benicia, April 24. Sepals hairy. Pods about an inch and a half long, nearly terete, sparsely hirsute, with a long tapering point, strictly erect. Pedicles almost hispid, with spreading or reflexed hairs. STREPANTHUS LINEARIFOLIUS, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. Y. Gravelly and rocky places, on Hurrah Re. September. The radical and some of the lower cauline leaves are spatulate or obovate, ort. TREPANTHUS CORDATUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,'p. TT. River banks, Middle Yuba, May * tem 2-3 feet high, paniculately branched above; whole plant very smooth and somewhat us. Lower leaves and sometimes the cauline ones repandly or sharply denticulate; the latter about an inch long, mostly obtuse, strongly clasping. Pedicles usually almost as long as the flower, spreading and curved upward. Flower buds acute. Calyx very obtuse at the base. Sepals with a long narrow acuminate point, the exterior ones carinate, petals spatulate, shorter than the calyx. Torus or receptacle dilated. Pods not seen. We have specimens of the plant collected in California by Colonel Frémont and Mr. Gibbes. STREPANTHUS LONGIFOLIUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw.,p. 10, No. 52. Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 6, var. glaber , pedicellis brevioribus. Sandy hills near the Colorado of the West. New Mexico, February 22, Root annual. Stem about a foot high, slender. Lower leaves acutely repand-dentate; upper ones linear-oblong, entire. Pedicles shorter than the closed calyx, recurved after flowering. Petals linear-spatulate, pale purple, a little exserted. Pods (immature) an inch long, with a tapering summit. TURRITIS GLABRA, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 78. T. macrocarpa, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl.l.c. Near San Francisco, April 3. A dwarf state of this species was found on Cajon creek, March 17. We reduce Nuttall's T. macrocarpa to T. glabra, as there are often inter- mediate forms between the two. TURRITIS PATULA, Graham, in Edinb. Phil. Jour., (1829,) p. 7; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 9 Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 10. Yuba river, May 22. In all Dr. Bigelow’s specimens of this plant the stem-leaves are nearly as hairy as the radical leaves. Gg TURRITIS PATULA, Graham; Hook. Fl. Bor.,-Am. 1, p. 40: var. magis hispidula. Hill sides, Downieville ; May 22. ARABIS o o Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 80. B. GLABRATA, Torr. & Gray, Le Wet ravines, Duffield’s ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 11, (in flower.) CARDAMINE ANGULATA, Hook. Bot. Misc. 1, p. 343, t. 69; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 84. ۳ paucisecta, Benth. Fl. Hartw.,p. 297. Hill-sides, Duffield's ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 10; mountains near Oakland, April 4; and plains near San Gabriel, March 23. Radical leaves sometimes entire ; but more commonly 3-parted, with the segments petiolulate, roundish, ید‎ or obscurely repand-toothed ; stem-leaves 3-5-parted ; the segments varying in form from broadly ovate and cordate to lanceolate, and narrowed at the base, entire, toothed. Flowers as large as in Cardamine rhomboidea. Pods erect, an inch and a half long, on a stalk of about the -— length, 13 line wide, tapering to a long point. Seeds narrowly margined, distant. tuberiferous. CARDAMINE OLIGOSPERMA, E Francisco; April 3. Very near C. hirsuta, but differs 1 97 ; San . in Torr. de Gray, Pl. 1, p. 85; Benth. Fl. Hartw. Near dor ev + n the broader pods and less numerous seeds. 66 BOTANY. SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE, Scop.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 91. Near Benicia, April 24. Doubt- less introduced. SISYMBRIUM CANESCENS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 68; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 92. Var. CALIFORNICUM, Torr. € Gray, l. e. Williams’ River of the Colorado, New Mexico. February 6-18. SISYMBRIUM DEFLEXUM, (Harvey, Mss. in herb. Gray :) annuum, pilis patentibus hispidulum ; caule stricto, folioso simplici, foliis oblongis inferioribus pinnatifidis seu pinnatipartitis, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis distantibus laciniato-dentatis integrisve, sinubus obtusis ; foliis supremis linea- ribus integris; pedicellis brevibus cum siliquiis angustissimis rectis elongatis teretiusculis arcte deflexis. Turritis? lasiophylla, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 321? Hill-sides, Napa valley, April 26. About three feet high, slender, the lower half almost hispid, with short spreading hairs. Lower leaves petiolate, 2-3 inches long, more hispid than the stem; middle leaves sharply toothed ; the highest 2-3 lines wide, and usually entire. Flowers about as large as in Cardamine hirsuta, and apparently white. Petals oblong-spatulate. Pods 2-3 inches long, and scarcely half a line wide. Pedicles 2 lines long. Cotyledons incumbent. Thi sembles a Sisymbrium from Coulter’s Californian collection, sent to us by Dr. the name of S. deflexum Harv., of which we believe no description has yet appear də smoother and moré humble fren of it (some of the specimens only 2 or 3 inches high) collected near San Francisco, April 3. SISYMBRIUM INCISUM, Engelm. in Pl. Fendl., p. 8. Mountain arroyas, near San Antonita, New ` Mexico; October. Basen ASPERUM, DC. Laguna Blancs to the Sandia mountains. THELYPODIUM renis, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 1. Rocky places on the Pecos ; September. Many of the flowers are in an enlarged and abnormal state, probably from the stinging of insects. TROPIDOCARPUM GRACILE, Hook. lc. 1, t. 43; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 94. T. scabriuseulum, Hook. Le: Torr. & Gray, l. c. Plains near San Gabriel, March 23. We find the two species of Hooker u pass into each other. 8 A ERYSIMUM ASPERUM, DC. Syst. 2, p. 506; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 94 Near San Francisco, April 3, and mouth of Santa Rosa creek, May 1, (with flowers and immature fruit.) Flowers cream-color or pale yellow, becoming dopi in drying. A variety (or possibly distinct species) with much larger and orange-yellow flowers, was found at Cocomungo, March 17, without fruit; also found by Mr. Wallace. We are unable to find characters that will clearly distin- aab E. Arkansanum and E. elatum from this species. "The leaves and degree of pubescence are very variable, and the pods seem to be the same in all of them. VusICARIA ARGYREA, Gray, Pl. Lindheim. 2, p. 147. Arroyas and cations, Williams’ River of the Colorado, New Mexico, February 7-26. VESICARIA FENDLERI, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 9. Bluffs and rocky places, New Mexico ; October. To this very polymorphus species must be referred V. stenophylla, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2 22 149. DRABA AUREA, Vahl; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2934. San Antonita, New Mexico, and in the Sandia mountains, in rocky places; October. Mostly in fruit. From these specimens the plant appears to have a biennial root, while those of Fendler would seem to be perennial. The silicles are mostly twisted. DRABA CUNEIFOLIA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl.1, p. 108. Williams’ River of the Colorado ; February 11. DrrHYREA WISLIZENT, Engelm. in Wisl. Mem. New Mex., p. 11; Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red River, t. ll. On prairies and sandy bottoms of the Canadian, near Antelope Hills; Sep- tember. It is from this region doubtless that the plant was first collected by Dr. James. DITHYREA CALIFORNICA, Harv. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 4, p. TT, t. 5; Engelm. in Wisliz. Mex. p. 95. Sandy hills on the Colorado of the West. February 22. The radical leaves are deeply lyrate-pinnatifid. The calyx is 4 or 5 lines long; much longer, narrower, and more closed than that of D. Wislizeni. The petals appear to have been purple. LEPIDIUM NITIDUM, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 116. Sandy plains, Cocomungo ; March €— او موی ری مسج o‏ BOTANY. .— 67 17. A humble annual ; seldom more than a span high. The flowers are tetrapetalous in all of Dr. Bigelow's specimens. LEPIDIUM ALYssorpEs, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 10. San Antonita and Galisteo, New Mexico ; Oc- tober. LEPIDIUM ۷۷ ہ,×-ہجہ‎ Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 15. On Williams’ River of the Colorado, New Mexico; February 11. There are 4 minute petals in all the specimens. LEPIDIUM FLAVUM (sp. nov.): annuum, pusillum, acaule, demum prolifero-ramosum, depressum glabrum ; foliis crassiusculis oblongo-spathulatis pinnatifidis, lobis rotundatis brevibus ; floribus capitato-congestis flavis; petalis obovatis unguiculatis ; siliculis ovatis, sinu lato emarginato truncatis breviter bidentatis stylo bis longioribus. - Sandy places near the Mohave creek ; March 13. "These are early specimens of a minute depressed plant, in flower only. But a single specimen was gathered by Fremont, in the same region, in his second expedition, from which the fruit is here characterized. The leaves are half an inch or more in length, and mostly rosulate around the sessile capitate or umbellate cluster of small yellow flowers: and the axis of the inflorescence apparently does not elongate in fruit. Stamens tetradynamous. Silicle a line long. Valves minutely reticulated. Cotyledons incumbent. THYSANOCARPUS ELEGANS, Fisch. de Mey. Ind. Sem. St. Petersb., Dec, 1835 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. p. 118. Hill sides, Napa; April. The pods are perforated only when they are quite mature and dry. They vary in shape from nearly orbicular to orbieular-obovate. The stem is usually simple or with very few branches. T. pulchellus, Fish. de Mey., and T. radians, Benth., seem to be only forms of this species. THYSANOCARPUS CRENATUS, Nutt. in Torr. de Gray, Fl. l.c. Hill sides, Sonora, California; May 9. Chiefly distinguished from T. elegans by its smaller pods and paniculately branching stem. THYSANOCARPUS LACINIATUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl.l. c. Plains near San Gabriel, March 23, and sandy places, Cajon creek. Radical leaves pinnatifid; the segments very narrow and entire. THYSANOCARPUS OBLONGIFOLIUS, Nutt. in Torr. d Gray, Fl. Le Sides of hills, Napa; April 26. 'THYSANOCARPUS PUSILLUS, Hook. Ic. 1, t. 43; Torr. & Gray, Fl.l.c. Low wet places near San Francisco, April 8, and Murphy's, May 14. CAPPARIDACEZ. CLEOME (PERITOMA) INTEGRIFOLIA, Torr. €. Gray, Fl. 1, p. 122; Gray, Gen, IU. t, 76, Pl. Fendl. p. 11. Comanche plains, on the banks of rivulets; September. The form with lanceo- late leaflets, and very densely crowded, large flowers. Galisteo, and on the Rio Grande near Santa Domingo, in low places; October: a form with oblong or obovate leaflets, and smaller as well as fewer flowers, mostly on short axillary branchlets, appearing considerably different, but doubtless of the same species. Fendler's No. 49 is intermediate. The leaflets are entire in all the specimens I have seen. Probably, however, C. serrulata, Pursh is not distinct. CrIsTaTELLA Jamesi, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 124; Gray, Gen. Ill. i. 77. Gravelly hills, on the Canadian ; September. PoLANISIA UNIGLANDULOSA, DC. Prod. 1. p. 242; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1,p.10. P.trachysperma Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 669. On the Canadian, and at Anton Chico; August, September. VIOLACEA, VIOLA SHELTOXNIT, (sp. nov.): glabra, caulibus adscendentibus brevibus 1 foliis circumscriptione reniformi-cordatis trisectis, segmentis subsessilibus, irregulariter palmatim 5-8-8 lobatisve, lobis lineari-cuneatis obtusis; stipulis parvulis ovatis apice ciliatis, sepalis lingari-lanceolatis ; petalis luteis, calcare brevi sacciforme, (Tas. IL) Hill sides, Yuba, near Downieville; May 8. A neat little species resembling V. Beckwithii, Torr. & Gray in Beckwith’s Report ; but that has the divisions of the leaves conspicuously petiolulate, and the two upper. petals purple. 68 ۱ BOTANY. VIOLA LOBATA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 298. Moist and shady places, Napa valley, April 27 : Grass valley, May 21. Rhizoma short, throwing down a tuft of long thick fibres. Stem some- times a foot high, naked below. Leaves variable in the lobing. Flowers large, the petals yel- low, often tinged with purple, especially on the outside; the lateral ones bearded near the base. VIOLA CHRYSANTHA, Hook. Ic. 1, t. 49 ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 143. Hill sides and plains, Knight's ferry, Stanislaus, and Murphy's, California ; May 8-14. VIOLA PEDUNCULATA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 141. Sandy plains, Cocomungo, March 17; Be- nicia, April 24 ; Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 10. A pubescent form was collected near Santa Rosa creek, May 1. This species, V. preemorsa, Dougl., V. linguefolia, Nuit., and V. Nuttalli, PA., are nearly allied, and should, perhaps, be united. VIOLA SARMENTOSA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 1, p. 80; Torr. & Gray, l.c. Mountains near Oakland, April 4; Red woods, April 12. VIOLA OCELLATA, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 142. Deep ravines, Napa valley. Mr. Thurber found this species near the quicksilver mines of New Almaden. VIOLA ADUNCA, Smith in Rees Cyclop. V. longipes, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 140. Santa Rosa creek; May 1. The specimens are tall and slender, with the peduncles much elongated ; but a short cespitose form of the plant (which is the same as Hartweg's No. 1660,) with the peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves, was collected at Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada. There can be scarcely a doubt that the little known V. adunca of Smith is identical with Nuttall's V. longipes. The description of Smith agrees with our plant, but we have seen no authentic specimen for comparison. VIOLA CUCULLATA, Ait. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 139. Pecan creek, Arkansas, and on the Pecos. سس جو‎ g ہے بی‎ ; March 18. The style is more slender and the stigma less rostrate in the Californian than in the eastern plant ; but in other respects we find no difference. : VIOLA CANADENSIS, Linn. In the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. In flower and fruit. HYPERICACEZ. HYPERICUM ANAGALLOIDES, Cham. d Schlecht. in Linnea 3, p. 127; Torr. de Gray. Fl. 1, p, 160. Wet places, Laguna Santa Rosa, May 1, and Punta de los Reyes, April 18. Leaves varying from oblong to broadly ovate, sparsely pellucid-punctate, Not very distinct from H. mutilum*. * A remarkable shrub, bearing ripe pods only, was found by Dr. Bigelow in western New Mexico, on the hills bordering Williams’ river, from near its source to its confluence with the Great Colorado. The Mexicans call it Canotia. It usually grows from 9 to 10 feet high, but was sometimes found attaining the height of nearly 20 feet. The branches are very numerous, alternate, rigid, terete, of a greenish color, and terminate in very long thorns. 'The epidermis is smooth and finely striate. Between the elevated striae there are 2 or 3 rows of impressed perforations. There were no leaves on the plant when Dr Bigelow saw it, and he thinks that it never bears any ; but there are distant alternate brown scars, where minute leaves or scales appear to have been. The pedicles are somewhat racemose towards the summit of the branches. They are about half an inch long, somewhat spreading, then curved upward, and are articulated below the middle. Calyx persistent, 5-cleft, small, free from the ovary. The corolla, if any, is deciduous. Stamens 5, hypogynous ; filaments slender and ver? The fruit is nearly an inch long, oblong, acute at each end, and pointed with a short persistent subulate style, covered with a thin red flesh; the endocarp ligneous ; 5-celled, اس جج‎ dehiscent about two-thirds of the way down m and Spang: at the eine which thus presents 10 subulate points in pairs. Seed solitary in each cell, suspended from near the summit at the inner angle, obleng, compressed with a broad somewhat falcate wing at the inferior extremity. Testa c بصن‎ dui us, dull, minutely granu” lated. Albumen very thin. Embryo nearly the length of the seed ; cotyledons thin and flat. Radical inferior, terete, short, straight. We can scarcely form a conjecture as to the affinities of this plant, but may note that the fruit is not unlike that of Eucryphia, which Lindley, following Choisy, refers to Hypericacee, nothwithstandin ng its superior radicle. The fruit has the same thin fleshy covering that-occurs in our plant, and the large seeds (of which there are only three or four in each carpel) are also fur- nished with a conspicuous wing on the lower side ; but the radicle is certainly superior. It is yet uncertain whether the New Mexican plant ever bears leaves. Dr. Bigelow saw it early in the spring, when other shrubby plants of the region were begin- ning to assume their foliage, but it was entirely naked. We must wait for other observations on this strange shrub, and especially for its flowers, before assigning it a place in the system. As, however, there can be but little doubt of its constituting an unde- scribed genus, we e may bestow upon it the provisional name of anotia holacani. | ۱ BOTANY. 69 CARYOPHYLLACEJE, SILENE CALIFORNICA, Durand, Pl. Pratt. in Jour. Acad. Philad., (n. ser.) 2, p. 83. S. pulchra, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 675 ; excl. syn. Cham. d: Schlecht.; S. Virginica, Benth. Pl. Hartw. No. 1653. Sides of hills, Mammoth Grove, and Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada, May ; Mormon island, Mr. Rich. var? viscido-pubescens; foliis ovatis sessilibus, cymis subtrifloris; petalis pro- funde bipartitis, lobis bifidis, segmentis bidentatis v. integris. Valley of the Sacramento, Mr. Shelton. This variety has leaves sometimes as broad as those of S. latifolia. At the base of the limb of the petals there is remote linear lobe or tooth. In the specimens from Mormon island the middle lobes of the petals are somewhat toothed on the margin, especially near the summit. Lychnis pulchra, Cham. & Schlecht., which was founded on a Mexican plant, seems clearly to be Silene laciiata, Cav. We are not sure that it grows in California, unless, which is possible, S. Californica passes into it. SILENE QUINQUEVULNERA, Linn. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 191. Hills near Sonoma; May 3. Doubtless introduced from Europe. SILENE DRUMMONDII, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 89; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 91 and 675. Near San Francisco; April 8. On the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. In fruit. SILENE ANTIRRHINA, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 191. Hill sides, Napa valley; April 16, SAGINA DECUMBENS, Torr. 4 Gray, Fl. 1, p. 177. Spergula saginoides, Linn.; Micha. Fl. 1, p. 216. Damp places near San Francisco. Sepals and petals 4—5, equal in length. Stamens 0۰ AISINE Dovenasm, Fenzl.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 674. Napa valley; April 26. Seeds orbi- cular-reniform, compressed, not margined. AISINE Micuauxu, Fenzl. Arenaria stricta, Michæ. Fl. 1. p. 274. Walnut creek; August: on rocks, In fruit. ARENARIA MACROPHYLLA, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 102, t, 37; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 182. Mohringia umbrosa, Fenzl.?; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 13. We are uncertain of the station of this plant, as the ticket belonging to it was lost ; but it is probably the valley of the Sacramento. Dr. Bigelow's specimens are rather smaller than Nuttall's from Oregon, and the leaves are narrower. They accord pretty well with Mæhringia umbrosa from Songaria, in our herbarium, except that the leaves are narrower. Our California plant is not sufficiently mature to show the character of the seeds. ARENARIA DIFFUSA, Ell. Sk. 1, p. 519; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 18. San Antonita, New Mexico; ctober. : ARENARIA F'ENDLERI, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 13. Laguna Blanca, in pine woods; September. The specimens bear mature fruit. The capsule is slightly longer than the calyx, and six-valved, Seeds obliquely obovate, with a minute uncinate micropyle, papillose-scabrous. Embryo une- iforme. T را‎ T Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York, 2. p. 169. In the Sandia mountains ; October. This striking species has not been collected, since its discovery by Dr. James, until now. The weak stems (a foot in length) and the older leaves are glabrous ; the branches, ete., viscid-pubescent. The larger leaves are 3 or 4 inches long, and two-thirds of an inch in width. STELLARIA NITENS. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. p. 184. Near San Gabriel, March 23. In our specimens the leaves are fringed with weak hairs, the lowest ones are oblong-ovate, on long petioles, the middle ones lanceolate-spatulate, and the uppermost linear. Sepals EE! lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved. Petals oblong, deeply two-parted with linear segments. similar form occurs in Oregon. We have also an apetalous triandrous state of the plant from 4 hy's; May 14. MN pee tial Sa ch nov.): undique pubescens ; caule adscendente ? “e ¿Pusi psta d ramoso; foliis ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis arcte sessilibus; meiden. 2 Punt. petalis profunde bipartitis, laciniis linearibus; sepala lanceolata excedentibus. ; 70 BOTANY。 de los Reyes; April 17. Stems about a foot long, clothed, like the leaves, with a short woolly (and somewhat viscid?) pubescence. Leaves nearly an inch long and half an inch wide; the upper ones almost amplexicaul. Flowers few in leafy cymes, about as large as in Cerastium vulgatum. Sepals lanceolate, acute, obscurely 3-nerved. Petals about one-fourth longer than the sepals. Stamens 10. Styles rarely 4. Ovary and young fruit globose-ovate. This species resembles S. pubera, but that has less pubescence on the stem in two lines; the leaves are much larger, narrow at the base, and nearly smooth, except on the margin, and the sepals are broader as well as more obtuse. The present plant has much the aspect of a Cerastium, but the styles are almost invariably only three, and never five. ERASTIUM OBLONGIFOLIUM, Torr. in Sill. Jour. 4, p. 63; Torr € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 188. Near Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. Except in the larger flowers, we see nothing in which this differs from the eastern plant. PARONYCHIA RAMOSISSIMA, DC. Mem. Paronych. p. 12, t. 4; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 32. San Francisco; April 8. PARONYCHIA SESSILIFLORA, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 150; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 226, t. 19. Gravelly natural mounds on the Canadian ; September. PARONYCHIA DICHOTOMA, Nutt. l. c. On the Canadian, in rocky prairies; August. RYMARIA GLANDULOSA, Bartl. ; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 18. La Cuesta, New Mexico, on mountains, under pine trees; September. A small state. SPERGULARIA RUBRA, Pers. Syn. 1, p. 504, (Sect. Arenarix); Gray Gen. Ill. 2, p. 25, t. 107. Arenaria rubra, Linn. Spergula rubra, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 174, and Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 157. Arenaria media, Linn. A. marginata, DC. prodr. 1, p. 401. Low places where the tide flows, Martinez, Corte Madera, &c. ; April 10-23. All the specimens have the seed broadly margined. PORTULACACEJE. PORTULAČA PILOSA, Linn. Pecan creek, in dry, rocky places ; August. PORTULACA RETUSA, Engelm. in Pl. Lindh. 2, p, 154. On the upper Canadian ; September. CALANDRINIA Menzies, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 223, 1. 10; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 197. Cocomungo, March 18, Corte Madera, April 20. 0. speciosa, Lindl., seems to be scarcely dis- tinct from this species. Dr. Bigelow collected at Cahon Pass, March 16, a Calandrinia scarcely an inch high, but with conspicuous bright purple flowers. It is, probably, C. Menziesii in a very early state. CLAYTONIA CAROLINIANA, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 160 ; var. SESSILIFOLIA: minor, racemo foliis ovato- oblongis sessilibus vix longiore; petalis obovatis integris. ©. lanceolata, Hook. Fl. Bor.- Am. 1, p. 234. On hills near Downieville, May 22. "Whole plant only 2 or 3 inches high, Tuber globose, about half an inch in diameter. There were no radical leaves on any of the numerous specimens. Stem leaves from half an inch to three-fourths of an inch or more in length. Raceme 6-10-flowered, a little overtopping the leaves, even when the lower capsules were nearly mature. Flowers about half as large as in the eastern plant. (They are quite as large in specimens of C. lanceolata, Hook., collected in the Rocky mountains by Burke). Calyx one-third the length of the petals. Corolla apparently pale rose-color. This is the only peren- nial (corm-bearing) Claytonia that we have received from California. Pursh's C. lanceolata (as intimated in the Flora of North America), is a spurious species, made up of C. Caroliniana and C. alsinoides. "The leaves, in all the species of this genus that we have examined, are furnished with a fine intra-marginal vein, in which all the veinlets terminate. CLAYTONIA ALSINOIDES, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1309 ; Zorr. & Gray, Fl. 1. p. 199. Marshes, Punta de los Reyes, April 17; deep woods, Bolinas bay, April 19. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA, Don, Hort. Cant. ed. 4, p. 50; Bot. Mag. t. 1335; Torr. & Gray,l. e. Corte Madera, April 12; Cocomungo, March 18 ; Cajon creek, March 18. In the specimens from the BOTANY. 71 two latter stations, some of the radieal leaves are rhomboidal, others are linear-spatulate, show- ing a tendency to pass into C. parviflora. C. PERFOLIATA, vàr. PARVIFLORA : foliis radicalibus lineari-spathulatis, caulinis in unum ovale perfoliatum coalitis. C. parviflora, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 225, t. 13; Torr. & Gray, l. c., C. gypsophiloides, Fisch. & Mey. Index. Sem. St. Petersb. (1835), p. 33. Hills, Middle Yuba (fine specimens, nearly a foot high). A dwarf form was collected near San Fran- cisco, April 3. . C. PERFOLIATA, var. EXIGUA: nana; radicalibus anguste linearibus ; caulinis lanceolatis vel linearibus, subconnatis. C. exigua, Torr. £ Gray, Fl. l. c. San Francisco ; April A careful examination of our numerous specimens of annual Claytonia: has led us to reduce several species to C. perfoliata, and we would add to the list of varieties C. spathulata. Inter- mediate forms connect all these. Hereafter it may be found necesasry to include C. tenuifolia. CLAYTONIA LINEARIS, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 224, t. T1; Torr. de Gray, l. c. Wet places, Napa valley; April 26. The specimens are considerably larger than those of Douglas. The seeds are larger than in any other species of this genus; they are lenticular, acute on the margin, and highly polished. A very distinct species. MoNTIA FONTANA, Linn.; DC. Prodr. 3, p. 361; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 202. In water; Duffield’s ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 11; San Francisco, April 8; Corte Madera, April 20. On the western side of America, the range of this plant extends from Sitcha to Quito, but on the eastern side it has not been found south of Newfoundland. Chamisso (in Linnea 6, p. 565) considers the Quito plant as a distinct species, which he calls M. lamprosperma, and states that it occurs also in the island of Unalaschka, and at the Bay of Eschscholtz. In plate 7, figs. 1-2 1 of the volume quoted, he has given figures of the seeds of that species, and of M. fontana. Our Californian plant has exactly the seeds of M. fontana, and Mr. Nuttall's Oregon specimens have the same; but M. fontana f. from Sitcha, is M. lamprosperma of Chamisso. We find the seeds to vary in size and color, and Dr. J. D. Hooker, in Fl. Antarct., p. 13, has shown that the two species are almost certainly not distinct. LEWISIA REDIVIVA, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 368; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1, p. 344, t. 70; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 677. Rocky places, Napa valley; April 25. This interesting plant extends as far south as the American fork of the Sacramento. STERCULIACEAE. FRÊÉMONTIA CALIFORNICA, Torr. in Smithson. Contrib. 6, p. 5, t. 2. Cajon Pass of the Sierra Nevada. The plants found by Dr. Bigelow were about 15 feet high, which is much taller than the specimens seen by Col. Frémont and Rev. Mr. Fitch. They were bearing ripe fruit on the 16th of March, which must have been formed the previous season. The capsules are in perfect condition, and show that no part of the calyx is deciduous. i The seeds are about as large as in Hibiscus Syriacus, ovate, black, smooth, and somewhat shining. Testa thick and ۰ Embryo straight, lying in fleshy and oily albumen; cotyledons ovate, foliaceous, nearly flat. In all of Dr. Bigelow’s specimens of the Frémontia, the leaves were small, few of them being more than an inch in diameter. MALVACEAE. CALLIRRHOE INVOLUCRATA, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 15, and Gen. Ill. t. 117. On the Canadian; September. U ' ; MALVASTRUM COCCINEUM, Gray, l. e. Upper Canadian, and near Galisteo, New Mexico. ; MALVA BOREALIS, Wallm.; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 15. M. obtusa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. p. 225, A common weed in California. ; SIDALCRA DIPLOSOYPHA, Gray, Gen. Ill. 2, t. 222; Plant. Fendl., p. 19. Sida diploscy pha. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 234. Plains, Ione valley, California; May 18. 72 BOTANY. STELLARIA HIRSUTA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 16. 8. delphinifolia, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 19, and Gen. Ill. 2, t. 12, f. 10-12, and in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 300, excl. syn. Nutt. In low places, on the sides of rivulets; Knight's ferry, Stanislaus river, California; May 7. STELLARIA HamrwEGIr, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 209, and in Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 300. Plains and hill-sides, Napa valley; May 5. Fine specimens of this rare plant are in the collection ; some of them are sparingly branched above, and the racemes are somewhat compound. The fruit is still unknown. MALVEFLORA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 16. Sida malveflora, Moc. & Sesse.; DC. Prodr. 1, p. 194. Sidalcea Neo-Mexicana, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 23. 8. Oregana, Gray, Ge Mokelumne hill, May 17; plains of Napa valley, May 5. STELLARIA HUMILIS and var. B. Gray Pl. Fendl. p. 20. Hills near Oakland, April 5; Punta de los Reyes, April 18; 8. Napa valley. Perhaps not distinct from S. malveeflora. . SIDA LEPIDOTA, var. SAGITTMFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 18. Plains, Laguna Colorado; September. SIDA SPINOSA, Linn. Shawneetown, Indian Territory ; August. ABUTILON PARVULUM, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 21. Rocky hills near Anton Chico; September. SPHJERALCEA ANGUSTIFOLIA, var. (S. stellata, Torr. & Gray.) Plains of the "uet Canadian, etc.; September. Bati aura INCANA? Var. OBLONGIFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 21. Galisteo, in low places; October. HBIRCU8 Moscuguros, Linn. Sandy bottoms of the Canadian; September. LINACEA. LINUM PERENNE, Linn. Gravelly hills and plains near Galisteo, New Mexico; October. In fruit. LINUM RIGIDUM, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 210; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 25. Prairie hills, on the Canadian; September. LINUM CALIFORNICUM, Benth. Plant. Hartw. p. 298. Plains of Feather river, near Marys- ville; May 25. Petals rose color in the bud; white when expanded. In all the flowers that | we examined, there were but 3 styles, and the ovary was tricarpellary. Some of our specimens are more than a foot high.. GERANIACE ZE. GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 207. Corte Madera, April 12; hill-sides, Murphy's, May 14. Ong of the most widely diffused plants of North America. GERANIUM RICHARDSONIL, Fisch. de Meyer; Engelm. in Pl. Fendl. p. 26. G. albiflorum, Hook. In the Sandia mountains, New Mexico ; October. GERANIUM CXSPITOSUM, James, in ضر‎ 8 Exped.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p.25. Mountain arroyas, . near San Antonita; October. A low and diffuse state, mostly in fruit, and an erect form, near Wright's No. 910, but with long peduncles. EnoDrUM MACROPHYLLUM, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 227; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 679. Hill-sides, Murphy's, May 14. All the specimens are small leaved. Eroprum CICUTARIUM, L/Herit.;; DC. Prodr. 1, p. 646; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 208. In various parts of New Mexico; also plains near Los Angeles, and on Williams' river, near the Colorado, February and March. In the specimens from the latter station the leaves are more cut than usual. OXALIDACEZ. OxALIS OnzaANA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 211. O. Acetosella, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 118, (ex parte.) Tamul Pass, April 11. Parhapa not distinct from O. Acetosella; the hiat difference being the greater proportionate breadth of the leafless. The rhizoma is some- BOTANY. 73 times a foot or more in length. It is only the portion near the leaf-bearing extremity that has the scales imbricated ; on the other parts they are distant and alternate. OXALIS stricta, Linn.; Torr. Fl., New York, 1, p. 123. Plains near San Gabriel, March ۰ LIMNANTHACEX. LIMNANTHES ROSEA, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 302; “Jour. Hort. Soc. 4, t. 78.” Low wet places, Corte Madera; Stanislaus; Los Angeles, etc. March—May. Scarcely distinct from L. Douglasii; the divisions of the leaves being, in some of Douglas' original specimens, quite as narrow as those of L. rosea. In cultivated specimens of the latter the ultimate segments of the leaves are broader than in the wild plant. LIMNANTHES ALBA, Benth. l. c. Hill-sides, Duffield’s ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 12. This seems to be a very distinct species, and is obviously distinguished by its hairiness. RUTACEAE. THAMNOSMA MONTANUM, (Torr. & Frém.:) fruticosum, ramosissimum ; ramis spinescentibus ; foliis crassiusculis lineari-spathulatis obscure punctatis; antheris sagittatis promisse mucronatis ; disco parvo stipite fructifero (sesquilineari) columnari multum breviore; capsula didyma basi retusa ; seminibus cochleatis levibus. (Tab. III.)— Torr. 6 Frém. in Frém. 2d. Rep., p. 313. Dry ravines of the Mohave, near the Colorado, March 3-9. The description in the work here quoted was drawn from imperfect materials, and the plant was incorrectly referred to Zanthox- ylacese, instead of Rutaceæ proper. The «estivation of the corolla is imbricated, not valvate. The stamens and filiform style are more or less exserted. Stigma small and capitate. Albu- men thin. Rutosma of Gray must be included in this genus. PTELEA TRIFOLIATA, Linn. B. mortis, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 680; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 31. Rocky hills of the Upper Canadian ; September. In fruit. ANACARDIACEA. RHUS TRILOBATA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 219. Hilly prairies on the Canadian ; September. In fruit. REUS DIVERSILOBA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 218. R. lobata, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1, p. 127, t. 46, non Poir. Plains and mountains near San Gabriel, March 23; Martinez, April 23, The Specimens are all male. STYPHONIA INTEGRIFOLIA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 220; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 4, t. 82. Ravines, Cojon Pass; March 17. The leaves are three inches long, and nearly two inches wide, ovate, with a short acumination. Dr. Parry collected similar specimens near Santa Barbara. S. serrata is probably not a distinct species. LITHRAA LAURINA, Walp. Repert. 1, p. 551. Rhus laurina, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 219. Near San Gabriel, March 23, (in fruit; doubtless of the preceding season.) The thin pulp of the dry fruit consists chiefly of a white waxy material, which is soluble in very strong alcohol, and seems to be almost entirely cerine. VITACEAE. Vrrus INCISA, Nutt. in Torr. d: Gray, Fl. 1, p. 241. Gypsum rocks, Elm creek ; August. Virus RUPESTRIS, Scheele in Linnea 21, p.291, On the Canadian, Pecos, etc. August— September. In fruit. ACERACEAE. NEGUND0 ACEROIDES, Munch. In a cañon on the Pecos ; September. In fruit. ` AGER TRIPARTITUM, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, F1.1, p. 241 ; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 28. Arroyas 10r 74 BOTANY. in the Sandia mountains; October. In fruit. While some of the leaves are trifoliate, others on the same branch are only three-lobed, and so much resemble those of A. glabrum that the species probably cannot be kept distinct.—G'ray, Mss. ACER MACROPHYLLUM, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 267; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 1, p. 112, t. 38; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 16, t. 67. NEGUNDO ACEROIDES, Moench. Meth., p. 334; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 260; N. Californicum, Torr. € Gray, l. c.; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 90, t. 12. Acer Negundo, Linn. Corte Madera, April 10, (in flower.) SAPINDACEZ. JEscuLUs CALIFORNICA, Nutt, in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 251; and Sylv. 2, p. 69, t. 64. Hill- sides, Sonoma, May 3, in flower ; mountains near Oakland, (leaves only.) AESCULUS FLAVA, Art.; Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 255. On the Canadian, near the Shawnee villages, and Deer creek; August. In fruit. SAPINDUS MARGINATUS, Willd.; Gray, Gen. IH. 2, t. 180, Creek bottoms, on the Upper Cana- dian; September. In fruit. CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM, Linn. Deer creek; August. CELASTRACEAE. PACHYSTIMA MYRSINITES, Raf. in Amer. Month. Mag., 1818; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 29. Ilex? Myrsinites, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 119. Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 259.—Sandia mountains, New Mexico ; October; in fruit. Hill-sides. South Yuba, California ; May 26. The leaves are larger than in the Oregon plant, and sharply serrate. The woody stem is of extremely slow growth, several annual circles being included with one-tenth of an inch. Evonymus OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt. Mss. E. atropurpureus B? Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 258. Head of Tomales bay; April 17. Leaves ovate, mostly obtuse, at the base quite smooth. Peduncles 3-flowered. Flower pentamerous, larger than in E. atropurpureus. The fruit is unknown. CELASTRUS SCANDENS, Linm. Pecan creek; August. In fruit. GLOSSOPETALON SPINESCENS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 29, t. 12. Cañons in the Llano Estacado ; September. Without flowers or fruit. RHAMNACEZ. RHAMNUS CROCEUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fi. 1, p. 261. Hills near Sonora, May 9; Rock hills, 80 miles west of the Colorado. Leaves often green underneath. FRANGULA CALIFORNICA, Gray, Gen. Ill. 2, p. 118; and Pl. Wright. 2, p. 28. Rhamnus Cali- fornieus, Esch.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 263. R. oleifolius, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 1, p. 123, t. 44. R. laurifolius, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. l. c. Hill-sides, Robinson's ferry, Stanislaus, May 14; a variety, with larger leaves, softly pubescent on both sides; Napa valley, May 5, (leaves nearly glabrous both sides, and with obtuse serratures;) mountains near San Gabriel, March 23, (glabrous leaves, with acute serratures): var. TOMENTELLA, Gray, Pl. Wright. l. c. Rhamnus tomentellus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 303. Butte mountains, near Marysville, May 25. A plant of very diverse appearance ; but its extreme forms pass insensibly into each other. In favorable situations it attains the height of 18 feet. CEANOTHUS THYRSIFLORUS, Esch.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 266 ; Bot. Reg. 30, t. 38; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 43,4. 57. Punta de los Reyes, April 18; San Francisco, April 3; hill-sides, Napa valley, April 27. A beautiful shrub, known in its native country under the name of California lilac. CEANOTHUS SOREDIACUS, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 328; Torr. & Gray, Fl. l. p. 686. , Hill- sides, Grass valley; May 9-19. A neat little shrub, 4-5 feet high, (sometimes prostrate,) with es; >: EPE " BOTANY. 75 numerous clusters of bright-blue flowers, and resembling C. thyrsiflorus, only much smaller. A trailing form, with more pubescent branches and leaves, and short-peduncled panicles, was found at Duffield’s ranch, Sierra Nevada, (May 12,) and at the Washington Mammoth grove, (May 15.) CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. l. c. ۶ GROSSE-SERRATUS: foliis major- ibus, grosse-serratus, acutiusculis. Station not recorded. Branches thorny at the extremity; serratures of the leaves acute; flowers blue. CEANOTHUS INCANUS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 265, A single specimen, of a slender form, of this species exists in the collection. It is without a ticket, but was probably found in the valley of the Sacramento. CEANOTHUS CRASSIFOLIUS, (Torr. in Emory's Mex. Bound. Hep., cum tab. ined.:) fruticosus, ramulis pubescentibus; foliis ovatis, integerrimis, vel remote spinuloso-denticulatis coriaceis crassis penninerviis, supra demum glabratis, subtus albo-tomentosis, thyrsis subsessilibus umbelliformibus (floribus albis.) Hills and sandy plains, Cajon Pass, March 16; Teyung, California, Mr. Wallace, 1854. Dr. Parry discovered this well-marked species in the moun- tains south of Los Angeles, while acting as botanist, under Major Emory, in the Mexican boundary survey. CEANOTHUS INTEGERRIMUS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 329; Torr. & Gray, Fl. L 6. Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 302, No. 1684. Grass valley, May 20; Los Angeles, May 14; hill-sides, Nevada, May 20. CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS, Nutt. l. o. var, EGLANDULOSUS: foliis integerrimis (margine nec denti- culatis glanduliferis) obtusissimis. On mountains near San Gabriel; March 22. Also with vestiges of last year’s fruit. Cohon Pass, March 16. (Collected by Dr. Parry on the mountains east of San Diego; in fruit and in flower by Mr. Wallace, at Boca de Teyunga, April.) This has the flowers, the divaricate spinescent branches with whitish bark, and also the foliage of C. divaricatus, except that none of the specimens show a trace of the glandular denticulations so manifest in the specimens of Douglas and of Coulter; nor is the pubescence on their ribs quite so evident. Some of the leaves are slightly cordate.—Gray, Mss. CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 267. C. macrocarpus, Nutt. l. c., (non Cavan.) Cocomungo, March 17; San Giovana, April 12; Napa valley, April 27; Knight's ferry, Stanislaus, May 7; (fruit.) A very variable species in the size and form of the leaves. It should, perhaps, include C. verrucosus of Nuttall. : CEANOTHUS DENTATUS, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 268; Lindl. & Pha FI? Gard. 1, p. 11, €. ۰ Santa Rosa Laguna; May 1. This pretty species has much the appearance of C. sorediacus, but the leaves are hardly 3-nerved. ; CEANOTHUS RIGIDUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. Le: Lindl. € Past. Fl. Gard. 1, p. 14, t. 51; Bot. Mag. 78, t. 4664. Var. GRANDIFOLIUS. Punta de los Reyes; April 18. The leaves are three times larger than in the ordinary form of this species, and strongly spinose-toothed on the sides, as well as at the extremity. This variety seems to show almost a transition to C. prostratus, through the broad-leaved form of that plant noticed below; but we are not willing to unite the two species, without seeing a more extensive suite of specimens for comparison. — CEANOTHUS PROSTRATUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 302. Grass valley, May 20; with immature fruit, The leaves vary from oblanceolate and entire to cuneate and tricuspidate. The fruit is crowned with 3 strong protuberances. A variety, with much larger pad rary: leaves, coarsely spinose-toothed down to the middle, or at the apex only, was found at the لا‎ r Mammoth grove. Colonel Frémont collected the same on the Upper Sacramento in 18 ; CEANOTHUS FENDLERI, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 20. Sandia mountains; October. Inm fruit. MESEMBRYANTHEMACES. M Harv.? Sea-shore, Punta de los Reyes, April 18. The plant is abundant in several other places on the coast of California, and was probably introduced, ` 76 BOTANY. FRANKENIACEZ. FRANKENIA GRANDIFOLIA, Cham. & Schlect. in Linnea 1, p. 35; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 168. Corte Madera; April 10. POLYGALACEZ. PoLYGALA CUCULLATA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 229. Hill-sides, Napa valley; April 27. We have seen no other Polygala from California, nor from any other part of the Pacific coast, and we strongly suspect that P. Nutkana, Mog. Sesse. (if really from the northwest coast) and P. Californica, Nutt., are not distinct. The leaves are variable in breadth. In some of Frémont's specimens, collected on the Sacramento, they are acute at the base, and the apex is scarcely blunt. The little appendage which takes the place of this crest at the summit of the keel is sometimes rostrate, and either straight or curved. Although there are no flowers or radical sarments in Dr. Bigelow's specimens, there are vestiges of them, and it is probable that in the early state of the plant it usually produces such flowers. PoLYGALA LINDHEIMERI, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 150. On the Llano Estacado; September. A form with mostly linear leaves. KRAMERIACE JE. KRAMERIA LANCEOLATA, Torr. in Am. Lyc., New York, 2, p. 168. Sandy prairies on the Canadian; August. LEGUMINOSAE. VICIA EXIGUA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 272; var. ? CALIFORNICA. River banks, Be- nicia, April 24. We have not seen the Californian variety of the plant noticed by Mr. Nuttall. The specimens collected by Dr. Bigelow seem to be quite as near V. exigua, and perhaps the two species are not distinct. "The former has been found in Alabama by Mr. Buckley, and in Florida by Dr. Chapman. All the specimens of Dr. Bigelow have single-flowered peduncles, which are of not half the length of the leaves. "They are usually 6 leaflets, which are about an inch long and two lines wide, glabrous and emarginate, with a mucro, or acute and entire. The stipules are minate, and* narrowly semi-sagittate. The pod is fully an inch long, sabre- shaped, and 5—7-seeded. VICIA GIGANTEA, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 157; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 270. Mountains near Oakland; April 4; Punta de los Reyes, April 18. This agrees well with our Oregon specimens from Dr. Scouler and Mr. Nuttall, except that the lower teeth of the calyx are not so long. It also occurs in Coulter's Californian collection. VICIA OREGANA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. l.c. V. truncata, Nutt. l. c. Mountains, near Oakland, April 4; hill-sides, Benicia, April 24. We find Nuttall's two species to run into each other. LATHYRUS VESTITUS, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 276. Var.? MULTIFLORUS: foliolis ovato- oblongis, pedunculis folio multo longioribus 20-25-floris, dentibus inferioribus calycis superior- ibus triplo-longioribus. Hills, Tomales bay, April 19; Corte Madera, April 10. About one foot high, clothed with a short soft pubescence. Leaflets 6 pairs, nearly three-fourths of an inch long, cuspidate. Peduncles 2-3 times longer than the leaves. Flowers nearly as large as in L. palustris. Lower teeth of the calyx linear-lanceolate, three times longer than the upper triangular ones. Stipules lanceolate, semi-sagittate, entire. LATHYRUS VENOSUS, Muhl. in Willd. Sp. 3, p. 1092? Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 214, (the var. 7.;) Benth. Pl. Hartw., No. 1705. L. decaphyllus, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. E p. 159; non Pursh. Grass valley, May 19. A stout plant, with a winged stem. Leaflets 6 pairs, Ek inch and a | | l | | i i f ۰ BOTANY. TT half long, ovate-elliptical, minutely pubescent on both sides. Peduncles 4-6 inches long, (ex- - clusive of the 10-14-flowered raceme.) Upper teeth of the calyx very short, and broadly tri- angular, with a minute point; all the teeth, shorter than the tube. The stipulesare larger than in the eastern plant, but much smaller than the leaves, We have not seen the pods. LATHYRUS VENOSUS, var. GRANDIFLORUS: caule nudo; foliolis (subdecum) minoribus supra glabris; pedunculis folio subduplo longioribus; floribus maximis, dentibus calycis tubo sub- eequalibus. Cocomungo, March 17, The flowers are twice as large as in the ordinary form of this species. LATHYRUS VENOSUS, var. Ó. Torr. & Gray, l. c. L. pubescens, Nutt, Mss. Hill-sides, Benicia; April 24. This agrees with our Oregon specimens from Nuttall. It is between L. venosus and vestitus, and seems almost to unite the two species, LATHYRUS VENOSUS: Var. OBOVATUS: caule nudo; foliolis sub-4-jugis plerumque obovatis obtusis puberulis ; racemo 3-4-floro ; calcycis dentibus subequalibus. Near the Mammoth Grove and at Duffield”s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 15. A mountain form, with larger flowers than usual. LATHYRUS OCHROLEUCUS, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am, 1, p. 159? Var, pedunculis 12-20-floris, folio subzquantibus. Hill-sides, Murphy's, May 12. Leaflets of a firm texture, and more approxi- mated than in the eastern plant. We are by no means satisfied with the results of our examination of the Lathyri in Dr. Bigelow's collection. The species of this genus are extremely variable, especially those of Oregon and California. It is possible that the true L. venosus does not grow on the northwest coast; but we have not been able to discover characters sufficient for distinguishing from that Species any of the varieties enumerated above. LATHYRUS POLYMORPHUS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 97; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 30. Laguna Colorado, New Mexico, September; and Santa Domingo, October; in low and wet places, OROBUS LITTORALIS, Gray, in Stevens’ Rep. ined. Astrophia littoralis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 278. Specimens of this plant were given to Dr. Bigelow by Dr. Andrews. They were probably collected on the coast, near San Francisco. PHASEOLUS DIVERSIFOLIUS, Pers.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 279. Sand banks of the Canadian River, near the Shawnee villages, etc. August. PHASEOLUS PAUCIFLORUS, Benth.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 44. With the preceding. ÅMPHICARPÆA MONOICA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 292. Ravines of Pecan creek ; August. PSORALEA PHYSODES, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 304; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1. p. 304 and 689, Near Mark West's Creek, California. April 30. The stem is wholly free from glands. PSORALEA CUSPIDATA, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 741. Rocky hills of the upper Canadian; September. In fruit. i PSORALEA DIGITATA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1. p. 301. Sand-banks of the Canadian, near the Shawnee villages; August. In fruit. PSORALEA LINEARIFOLIA, Torr. € Gray, 1. c. Gypsum hills, Comanche plains و‎ September. ; PsoRALEA MICRANTHA (8p. nov.): cinereo-puberula, minute glanduloso-punctata ز‎ caulibus e radice seu rhizomate longissimo repente assurgentibus paniculato-ramosissimis ; stipulis subulatis minimis; foliis palmatim trifoliolatis; foliolis lineari-filiformibus incisve anguste linearibus mucronato-acutis ; pedunculis folio paullo brevioribus ; spica brevi densiflora ; bracteis minimis caducis ; calycis dentibus brevibus obtusissimis; fructu glabro. 一 Sand hills, near the last camp on the upper Canadian ; September. Plant a foot high, from a horizontal root or slender root- stock of several feet in length. Branches slender, leafy. Leaflets an inch or less in length, canaliculate and nearly filiform, or the lowest flat and about a line wide, punctate with fine š brown dots. Peduncles half an inch long, about the length of the subtending petioles, bearing a short and oval or oblong spike of 10-20 small flowers, which are usually closely approximate or crowded. Calyx short, scarcely a line long, rather longer than the pedicel, campanulate, dotted with coarse brown glands ; the short teeth broad and very obtuse, equal. Corolla barely a line and a half long beyond the calyx, narrow, white, except the tip of the keel, which is blue, 78 BOTANY. Anthers uniform. Fruit globular, flattened, glabrous or nearly so. This should be compared with P. laxiflora, Nutt., which we have never seen, and which is compared with P. lanceolata, a species having much affinity with the present one. Nuttall's plant, however, is characterized as having the leaflets longer than P. lanceolata, and linear or oblong, the peduncles longer than the ۵7 the flowers somewhat distant, etc.—Gray, ۰ AMORPHA CANESCENS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 92. Prairies Indian Territory; August. PETALOSTEMON VIOLACEUM, Micha. Fl. 2, p. 50, t. 37. Sand banks of the Canadian river, near ihe Shawnee villages ; August. PETALOSTEMON MULTIFLORUM, Nutt. ; Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 309. Prairies on the Canadian, near Delaware mountain; August, PETALOSTEMON VILLOSUM, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 85 ; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Sand banks of the Canadian, near the Shawnee villages ; August. DALEA SPINOSA Gray, Plant. Thurb. p. 315. مس وو‎ near Williams' River of the Colorado, New Mexico; February 16. In fruit. DALEA Formosa, Torr. in Anner. Lyc. New York, 2, p. 178, € in Emory’ s, Rep.t.1. Rocks and cañons on the upper Canadian ; September. DALEA LAXIFLORA, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 741. Prairies of the upper Canadian; August. DALEA ALOPECUROIDES, Willd. Santo Domingo, New Mexico, on the banks of streams ; October. DALEA LANATA, Spreng. Syst. 3, p. 327. Sand banks of the Canadian, near the Shawnee vil- lages; August. DALEA NANA, Torr. in Pl. Fendl. p. 31. Plains of the upper Canadian and New Mexico; September—October. ` DALEA AUREA, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 101. Prairies of the upper Canadian ; September. DALEA JAMESII, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 308. Plains of the upper Canadian; September. TRIFOLIUM INVOLUCRATUM, Willd. ; Benth. Pl. Hartw. n. 54; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 33. Banks of streams near Santo Domingo, New Mexico ; October. Txrrronrum Macrar, Hook. de Arn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 119, de Bot. Beech. p. 330. T. albopurpureum, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 313. Corte Madera, April 10; in fields, Benicia, April 23; Napa valley, April 26. Variable in height, size of heads, and form of the leaves. TRIFOLIUM DICHOTOMUM, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 330 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. p. 691. The station of this plant is uncertain, as no ticket accompanied the specimen, but it was probably collected near San Francisco. We are not certain that it is a distinct species from the preceding, although so much larger in all its parts. 'TRIFOLIUM CILIOLATUM, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 304. Corte Madera, April 12; Benicia, California; April 23. We have specimens of this plant from the valley of the Sacramento, collected by Dr. Stillman and Mr. Shelton. TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 316. Corte Madera, April 10; Napa valley, April 26; Hill sides, Sonoma, California; May 3. TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 478; Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 317. Tamul Pass, California; April 11. TRIFOLIUM HETERODON, Torr. € Gray, FT. 1, P. 318. Low wet places, near San Francisco ; April 3-8. Legume 4—5-seeded. A good species. TRIFOLIUM TRIDENTATUM, Lindl. Bot. Heg. sub. t. 1070. T. involucratum, Torr. & Gray, l. c., non Willd. Corte Madera, April 12. TRIFOLIUM MICRODON, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 180; & Bot. Beechey, p. 330, t. ۰ Hill-sides, Sonoma, California ; May 3. ` TRIFOLIUM FUCATUM, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1883; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 619. Los Angeles, March 21; Benicia and Martinez, April 23-24. TRIFOLIUM AMPLECTENS, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 319. Corte Madera, April 10; and San Francisco, April 3 hill-sides, Benicia, April 24. PE ACA TT | BOTANY. 79 TRIFOLIUM BARBIGERUM, (sp. nov.): nanum, molliter pubescens; caulibus e radice annua vel bienni adscendentibus, (1-3 poll. longis,) junioribus stipulis scariosis apice truncato setaceo-laciniatis imbricatum vestitis; foliolis obovatis cuneatisve obtusissimis denticulatis; involucro cyathi- formi laciniato aristato-dentato flores subequante ; calycis dentibus tubo fere triplo longioribus aristiformi-subulatis plumoso-barbatis, infimo simplici presertim supremo bi-trifidis; legumin- ibus dispermis. Near San Francisco, April. The Rev. A. Fitch collected this plant in the same place, four or five years ago. MELILOTUS PARVIFLORA, Desf. Fl. Atl. 2, p. 192; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 321. Common in New Mexico and California, on banks of streams ; probably introduced. Mepicago pENTICULATA, Willd. Sp. 3, p. 1414; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 332. Cocomungo, California; March 18. Introduced. HosackrA BICOLOR, Dougl. et Benth. in Bot. Reg. t. 1257; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 134; Torr. & Gray. Fl. 1, p. 323. Hills near Punta de los Reyes; April 17 ; and wet ravines, Grass Valley, California; May 19. A showy perennial species. The stipules are not always “very obtuse," but are sometimes rather acute. HosACKIA STOLONIFERA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1977; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 323. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, and Mammoth grove, California; May 15-17. Var. PUBESCENS. Corte Madera, April 16. In this variety the peduncles are sometimes naked, and sometimes (even on the same specimen) furnished with a sessile, unifoliolate, or pinnately 2-—7-foliolate bract. The whole plant is conspicuously pubescent. HosACKIA GRANDIFLORA, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1257; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 323. Hill- sides, mouth of the Yuba, California; May 21. The bract is occasionally trifoliolate, and not unfrequently it is wanting altogether, or only rudimentary. HosackrA PUBERULA, Benth. Pl Hartw., p. 305; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 50. On Wil- liams' River of the Colorado, western Mew Mexico, February 11. HosackrA (EuHOSACKIA) INCANA (sp. nov.): perennis, undique et mollissime cano-villosa ; caule erecto simplici ; foliolis 11-13 ovatis acutiusculis; stipulis ovatis folioformibus ; pedunenlis folio multo brevioribus; umbellis 6—9-floris; bractea 5-foliolata; floribus pedicellatis ; calycis dentibus subulato-lanceolatis tubo duplo brevioribus. (Tab. IV.) Dry hills, near South Yuba, California; May 23. Plant 6-10 inches high, densely clothed with soft greyish-white villous pubescence. Stem rather stout, leafy. Leaflets nearly half an inch long, mostly opposite, varying from broadly to narrowly ovate. Stipules about two-thirds the size of the leaflets, and resembling them in form. Peduncles (floriferous) half an inch or more in length. Flowers as large as in H. bicolor, apparently purple, mixed with yellow; the pedicels about one-third the length of the calyx. Pods not seen. Allied to H. stipularis, but abundantly distinct. HosACKIA PARVIFLORA, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1257 ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 326. Napa Valley, April 25. Hills near Punta de los Reyes, and Tomales bay, April 17-19. H. micro- phylla and H. nudiflora of Nuttall seem to be only reduced forms of this species. HosackrA stricosa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Pl. 1, p. 326. Cocomungo, March 26. We think that H. rubella, Nutt., should be united to this species. HosACKIA SUBPINNATA, Torr. & Gray, Le Lotus subpinnatus, Lagas. Gen. and Sp. p- 33; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 11, t. 8. Corte Madera, April 10; hill-sides, Martinez, California ; April 23. 1 Hosackra Pursmiana, Benth. l: c.; Torr. € Gray, l. e. Lotus sericeus, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 489. Low ravines, Grass valley, May 19. The four remaining species of the section Psycopsis of Nuttall (in Torr. & Gray, Fl. l. c.) are probably only forms of H. Purshiana. HosackrA OYTISOIDES, Benth. l. c.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Near San Francisco. Bracts mostly unifoliolate. 。 i ROBINIA Neo-Mexicana, Gray, Pl. Thurb., p. 314. Mountain arroyos, near San Antonita, ico; October. In fruit. رجہ‎ mg Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 106. Sand banks of the Canadian, near the Shawnee villages; August. With ripe fruit. 80 j BOTANY. INDIGOFERA LEPTOSEPALA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 298. With the preceding, and at Upper Crosstimbers, Indian Territory ; August. PHACA DENSIFOLIA, Smith in Rees Cycl.; Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1. p. 344 & 693; Hook. Ic. t. 283. P. Nuttallii, T. € Gr. l.c. Cocomungo, California; March 18. Legumes an inch and a half long, and more than three-fourths of an inch broad. Seeds numerous, not half the size of a pepper-corn. Our plant differs somewhat from Douglas's, as figured by Hooker in his Icones, especially in being smoother and the flowers larger, as well as in the larger calyx-teeth; but it is undoubtedly the same. ASTRAGALUS DIDYMOCARPUS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 334, t. 81; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 693. Fields near Benicia, and Corte Madera; April 10-23. The specimens are much smaller than those collected by Douglas, Mr. Rich, and Dr. Parry. The legumes are scarcely three lines long, and of about the same breadth. "When young they are villous, but nearly glabrous (though strongly rugose) when old. The leaves vary in breadth from half a line to two lines or more. We have little doubt that A. nigrescens and A. Catalinensis, Nutt. (Pl. Gamb.,) are varieties of this species. ASTRAGALUS MISSOURIENSIS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 99 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 331, excl. syn. Pursh. Gravelly hills, New Mexico, and on Williams' fork of the Colorado, February 6. AsTRAGALUS FrÉmMoNTI (sp. nov.): molliter strigoso-cinerea ; radice perenni; caulibus ad- scendentibus (10 poll. longis) crassiusculis; foliolis 9-21 ovalibus vel rotundatis retusis ; stipulis triangulatis basi tantum petioli adnatis ; pedunculis folium «equantibus, floribus laxiuscule spicatis patentibus subsessilibus ; calycis dentibus subulatis tubo campanulato brevioribus; ““ corolla purpurea ;" leguminibus immaturis membranaceis inflatis ovatis acuminatis bilocellatis poly- spermis estipitatis. Banks of the Rio Virgin; May 3, 1844, Frémont. Var. caule breviori (2-3-pollicari ); floribus majoribus; calyce magis cylindraceo et nigro-hirsuto. On the Mohave creek; March 3. An early state, only in flower, apparently of the same species as that gathered in the same region by Colonel Frémont. Leaflets 3-6 lines long. Flowers half an inch long; the calyx 3 lines long; the corolla apparently white, or whitish; all the petals tipped with deep violet purple. The half-grown pods of Frémont’s specimens are over half an inch in length, nearly glabrous, very thin, and completely bilocellate.—Gray, M: ASTRAGALUS HUMISTRATUS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 5, p. 45. Arroyos, near San Antonita, New Mexico; October. In fruit. ASTRAGALUS MOLLISSIMUS, Torr. in Ann. Lyc., New York, 2, p. 118; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 53. Rocky ridges of the False Washita, August; and plains of the Upper Canadian, September. In flower. ASTRAGALUS DIPHYSUS, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 34. Sandy places, near Albuquerque; October. In fruit. ASTRAGALUS (PHACA) LONCHOCARPUS. 了 haca macrocarpa, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 36. Bluffs and rocky places, on the Llano Estacado; September. The few specimens of this interesting plant ` bear only old and dehiscent pods, which are shorter than in Fendler specimens, and are follicular, opening as they do only by the ventral suture, and at length spreading out into a perfectly plane lamina. The leaflets are nearly all wanting, and the filiform naked petioles are rather persistent. The root is - im The name has to be changed, on account of the Astragalus macrocarpus of De Candol OxYTROPIS URALENSIS, == Prod. 2, p. 276; Hook. ۰ Bor, —Am. 1, p. 145. Sandia mount- ains, New Mexico ; October. In flower and fruit. OXYTROPIS LAMBERTI; Pursh Fl. 2, p. 140. Rocky hills, of the Upper Canadian ; September. Narrow-leaved and loosely-flowered forms. Pods slender and very minutely silky-puberulent ; in one specimen of which the flowers are unknown, shorter and thicker, and strigose-hirsute. OXYTROPIS SERICEA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 339. Bluffs and rocky places, on the Llano Estacado ; September. There is scarce a doubt that this passes into O. Lamberti. NTROPHYTA MONTANA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 353. Inscription Rock, New Mexico; BOTANY. 81 November 18, (in fruit.) K. viridis is hardly a distinct species, and the genus itself might be reduced to a section of Astragalus. LUPINUS SPARSIFLORUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 303. Gravelly hills, on the Colorado, western New Mexico, February 26. A form with less hirsute leaves. Also a larger form, February 17. Lupinus NANUS, Dougl.; Benth. in Hort. Trans., p. 459, t. 14, f. 2. Corte Madera, California; April 12-15. Some of the specimens are a foot or more in height. Those with broader eaflets accord with “L. manus var. latifolius,” Benth. in Herb. Coulter. The flowers are sometimes white. LUPINUS DENSIFLORUS, Benth. in Hort. Trans. n. ser. 1, p. 409. L. Menziesii, Agardh, Syn. Lup., p. 2. Woods and shady places, Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus river; May 7. Mr. Ben- tham (in Pl. Hartweg p. 303) points out that Agardh has founded his L. Menziesii upon the Douglasian plant, which he had described as L. densiflorus. All confusion about the synonymy may be avoided, however, for the two species, L. densiflorus and L. Menziesii, 4g., cannot be kept distinct. Both have white flowers, (Agardh wrongly attributes yellow corollas to his L. Menziesii, but his guess from the appearance in dried specimens is not correct in this, nor in some other instances ;) and the longer bracts and very villous calyxes of Agardh's L. densiflorus are evidently not available for a specific distinction. Dr. Bigelow's specimens, however, corre- sponds in this respect with L. Menziesii. LUPINUS BICOLOR, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1109 ; Agardh, l. c. p. 14. L. micranthus, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1251; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Wet places, near San Francisco, April 8. Plains, near San Gabriel ; March 23. LUPINUS LEPTOPHYLLUS, Benth. in Hort. Trans. l. c. t. 14, f. 2; Torr. € Gray,l. c. Hills and rocky places, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river; May 7. LUPINUS LATIFOLIUS, Agardh, l. c. L. cytisoides, Agardh, l. c.; Torr. de Gray, .ا‎ c. Corte Madera, April 12; and hill-sides, Martinez, California; April 23. L. cytisoides was supposed by Agardh to have yellow flowers, but he saw only dried specimens, and was very probably mistaken. LUPINUS RIVULARIS, Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1595 ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. SY. Plains, near San Gabriel, March 23. Rather more silky than the ordinary state of the plant. Except in the entire calyx, it scarcely differs from L. Douglasii. LUPINUS LAXIFLORUS, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1140; Torr. & Gray, l.c. Hill-sides, Stanislaus river, near Carson's, May 14. We are doubtful about our determination of this plant, as the calyx is not very decidedly gibbous. LUPINUS DECUMBENS, Torr. var. ARGOPHYLLUS, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 37. Gravelly hills, near San Antonita, New Mexico; October. L. laxiflorus, Dougl., probably passes into this species. LUPINUS ALBIFRONS, Benth. in Hort. Trans. 1, c. p. 410; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1642; Torr. d Gray, l. c. Sand hills, on the sea-shore ; Punta de los Reyes; and near San Francisco. April 3-17. A fine shrubby species. Lupinus onNATUS, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1216; Agardh, l. c. p. 28; Torr. d Gray, Fl. 1, p. 378. Butte mountains, California; May 25. LUPINUS MACORCARPUS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 138. On sand hills, near the sea; Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. This species was discovered many years ago by Menzies, and seems not to have been found again till Dr. Bigelow collected it in Whipple's expedition. It resembles L. arboreus (which Dr. Parry obtained near San Diego) in its shrubby stem and large yellow flowers, but that species is minutely pubescent; this is very hirsute, and the leaves are silky underneath. The petioles of both are shorter than the leaflets, and in our speci- mens of L. macrocarpus the flowers are decidedly verticillate. We have not seen the pods. 'THERMOPSIS MACROPHYLLA, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 329; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 388. L. montana, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1. c. Corte Madera, April 15. Leaflets often broadly obovate. Nuttall's T. montana can hardly be considered as more than a smoother form of this plant, with usually narrower leaves. We have specimens that are intermediate between the two. llr 82 BOTANY. SOPHORA SPECIOSA, Benth. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 3, p. 118. Dermatophyllum speciosum, Scheele in Linnea, 21, p. 459. Cactus Pass and White Cliff creek, New Mexico, January 29 HEDYSARUM BOREALE, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 110. With the preceding ; in flower and fruit. DESMODIUM PAUCIFLORUM, DC. Prod. 2, p. 230. Creeks, on the Canadian river; August. DEsMODIUM CUSPIDATUM, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 360. Near Shawnee town; August. DzsMoprUM CANADENSE, DC.; Torr. € Gray, l. c. Wet places, on the Canadian ; September. In fruit. DESMODIUM PANICULATUM, DC.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Sandy soil, on the Canadian ; September. LESPEDEZA VIOLACEA, Pers. On the Canadian ; August. LESPEDEZA CAPITATA, Micha. Near Hei vario : August. CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS, Torr. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. ITT. C. Siliquastrum, var. Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 307. Hill-sides, Robinson’s Ferry, Stanislaus river; May 14; with immature fruit. This species has a very extensive range, being found frota the áppés Sacramento, northern California, to the high lands near Saltillo, Mexico. OLNEYA Tesora, Gray, Pl. Thurb., p. 328. Arroyos, near Williams’ river of the Colorado, western New Mexico; February 6. The specimens are in fruit only. Some of them are desti- tute of prickles. PARKINSONIA MICROPHYLLA, Torr. Bot. of Mex. Boundary Survey, ined. Banks of the Colorado, and on Williams’ river ; February 12-22; in fruit. A very distinct species with minute roundish leaflets. CERCIDIUM FLORIDUM, Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 58. In arroyos, near the Colorado. February 11; in fruit. This is the Green Acacia of Major Emory’s report. It is a common tree on the Gila; attaining the height of 25 or 30 feet. CASSIA RGMERIANA, Scheele in Linnea, 21, p. 458. Hurrah creek, New Mexico; September. In fruit. HorrMaANsEGGIA JAwrsu, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 393; Torr. in Marcy's Rep. t. 4. Prairies of the Canadian ; September. HoFFMANSEGGIA STRICTA, Benth. Var. DEMISSA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 56. Dogtown pra- ries, on the Llano Estacado ; September. HOFFMANSEGGIA DREPANOCARPA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 58. Plains, near Hurrah creek, New Mexico; September. In fruit. STROMBOCARPA PUBESCENS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 60. Prosopis (Strombocarpa) pubescens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5, p. 82. P. (Strombocarpa) Emoryi, Torr. in Emory's Rep., p. 139. Low sandy shore of the Colorado. Western New Mexico, (in fruit.) Prosopis odorata, Torr. in Frém. Rep., p. 313, t. 1, is a var. of P. glandulosa, (in flower only,) with the pods of Strombocarpa pubescens. The error arose from the mixing of specimens in Frémont's collections. ALGAROBIA GLANDULOSA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 399. Plains, on the Canadian ; September. SCHRANKIA UNCINATA, Willd.: Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 40 00. Prairies, near Deer creek, Indian Territory; August. DESMANTHUS BRACHYLOBUS, Benth. in Hook Journ. Bot. Sand banks of the Canadian ; August. CALLIANDRA HUMILIS, Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5, p. 103; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 53. C. herbacea, Englm. Gravelly hills, near Santa Antonita, New Mexico; October. In fruit. ROSACEA. PRUNUS sUBCORDATA, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 308. Hills, Sonora, May 9; near Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 11, and hill-sides, near Middle Yuba, California; May 23. A shrub 2-6 feet high. Fruit small, with a thin pulp. The leaves are sometimes pubescent underneath. Prunus AMERICANA, Marsh. Ait.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 407. Banks of Bogg creek, near Shawneetown, Indian Territory; August. In fruit. Prunus Cuicasa, Miche. Fl. 1, p. 284, Banks of the Canadian, near Shawneetown; Au- gust. With ripe fruit. w dpi Pme vent BOTANY. 83 Prunus GRACILIS, Engelm. d Gray, Pl. Lindh. 1, p. 35. Prairies, Gains' creek, Indian Territory; August. In fruit. Cultivated under the name of Prairie Cherry. This appears to belong to the Microcerasus group. CERASUS VIRGINIANA, DC. Banks of the Pecos, and in cañons of the Llano Estacado ; Sep- tember. Sandia mountains ; October. In fruit. CERASUS DEMISSA, Nutt. in Torr. d Gray, Fl. 1, p. 411. Deep ravines, Sonora, California, May 9; and Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada ; May 12. CERASUS EMARGINATA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.- Amer. 1, p. 169; Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 410. Hill sides, near Downieville, California; May 21. A small shrub, with numerous slender branches. Flowers in short corymbose racemes. Leaves $ of an inch to an inch and a half long, entire at the summit. Teeth of the calyx obtuse and reflexed. CERASUS MINUTIFLORA, Engelm. in Gray, Plant. Lindh. 2, p. 185, sub Pruno; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 68. Williams” fork of the Colorado, Western New Mexico. Fruit only. CERASUS ILICIFOLIA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p.411; € Sylv. 2, p. 16, t. 47; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 340, t. 83. Topographical Hill, near Williams’ fork of the Colorado. With leaves only. NUTTALLIA CERASIFORMIS, Torr. & Gray, in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 336, t. 82; & FI. 1, p. 413. Mountains, near Oakland; April 5, (in flower and young fruit,) and hill-sides, Napa valley, California ; April 27, (with mature fruit.) SPIRAEA OPULIFOLIA, Linn. Sp. 1, p. 489; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 413. Arroyos, in the Sandia mountains, New Mexico, October. Banks of streams and hill-sides, Napa valley, ete., California ; April 27. SPIRAEA ARLEFOLIA, Smith in Rees, Cycl.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 416. Banks of streams, Sonoma, California; May 3. SPIRAEA CESPITOSA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 418; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 40. Rocky places, Pass of Mt. Hope, Western New Mexico; January 23. "The wood of the stem has no annual rings, even when several years old, and the medullary rays are as wide as the woody wedges. : PIRAA MILLEFOLIUM (sp. nov.): lanoso-tomentosa; foliis circumscriptione oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatis multijugis, pinnis pinnatisectis partitisve oblongo-linearibus cum foliolis minutissimis oblongis confertissimis ; floribus racemoso-paniculatis. (Tab. V.) Low hills and valleys, near Williams’ mountain; January 5. A shrub, apparently 1-2 feet high. Leaves crowded on short branches or spurs, scarcely an inch long; pinns oblong-linear, in 20 or more pairs; the upper ones sometimes confluent ; leaflets very numerous, about one-fourth of a line long, densely tomentose, and of a somewhat fleshy texture. Stipules linear, minute, deciduous. Racemes in a long and rather loose terminal panicle. Calyx turbinate; the teeth acute, erect, rather longer than the tube. Petals orbicular-obovate, longer than the calyx. Stamens about 70; the filaments distinct at the base, inserted into the margin of a disk, which is wholly adnate to the tube of the calyx. Ovaries 5, distinct, at first woolly ; styles filiform; stigmas somewhat capitate. Ovules 8-10, pendulous from the upper part of the ovary, narrowly oblong. Mature carpels nearly glabrous, erect, 2-valved to the base. All the mature seeds had fallen, but the immature ones were somewhat attenuated at each end. Although so very remarkable, this appears to bea genuine Spiræa, and to resemble more the Euspirea than any other of the admitted sections of the genus. The leaflets are almost as small and erowded as in Chamabatia. The specimens collected by Dr. Bigelow seem to have the persistent inflorescence and fruit of the preceding autumn, and the young leaves of the new year. Many of the flowers exhibited the withered petals, and there were a few imperfect undeveloped buds. CERCOCARPUS PARVIFOLIUS, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 427; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 41; Hook. le. Pl. t. 323. Hills on the Llano Estacado; also sandy hills, Cahon Pass and Cocomungo, April 16-17; hills and ravines, Sonora, California; May 9. A shrub about 10 feet high. C. pri , H betulaefolius seems to pass into this species. 84 BOTANY. CHAMABATIA FOLIOLOSA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 308; Torr. Pl. Frémont., p. 11, t. 6. Hill-sides and ravines, Sonora; May 9. COWANIA Mexicana, Don in Linn. Trans. 14, p. 574, t. 22; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 55. Mountains near the Zuni river. In leaf only. CowANIA STANSBURIANA, Torr. in Stansb. Rep., p. 386, t. 3. Ojo Piscado; November 19. San Francisco mountain, and Lithodendron creek, New Mexico; December. Although very near C. Mexicana it seems to retain its characters. ACENA TRIFIDA, Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 1, p. 67, t. 104. A pinnatifida, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 339; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 430, non Ruiz € Pav. San Geronimo Ranch; April 12. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 139 & 338, t. 30; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 430. Sandy hills near Cajon Pass, March 16, (with the fruit of the preceding year.) Hill-sides, near Ion valley ; May 18. ALCHEMILLA ARVENSIS, Scop. Fl. Carn. 1, p. 115; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 432. A. occiden- talis and A. cuneifolia, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. l. c. Hill-sides, Benicia, April 24. Low places near San Francisco, April S. We find the characters of this species to be quite variable, so 4s to include the two species of Nuttall. FALLUGIA PARADOXA, Torr. in Emory's Rep. 2. Cañons of the Pecos, New Mexico; September. HORKELIA CAPITATA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub fol. 1997 ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 434. San Gabriel, California; March 21. In Dr. Bigelow’s specimens, as also in those collected at Los Angeles by Mr. Wallace, the petals are quite as long as the calyx. Agrees pretty well with our Douglasian specimen, except that the cymes are not capitate; but in most of the species of this genus the inflorescence is at first dense, and unfolds with age. 11037277۸ FUSCA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1997. Var. TENUILOBA: canescenti-villoso; foliolis 25-30, latissime-cuneatis profunde-palmitifidis; laciniis anguste-linearibus ; cymis laxiusculis; bracteolis calycis dentibus subzqualibus; petalis cuneatis, apice bilobis. Laguna of Santa Rosa creek, California; May 1. Radical leaves 4—6 inches long, mostly villous with greyish hairs; leaflets less than half an inch long, palmately 5-7-cleft; the segments scarcely half a line wide; cauline leaves with a much smaller number of leaflets, with 3—4 segments. Stem about a foot high. Cyme somewhat open when the inflorescence is fully developed. Flowers about as large as in H. parviflora. Proper segments of the calyx triangular-lanceolate; the bracteoles narrowly lanceolate. Petals white, narrowly cuneiform, deeply notched at the summit. HorKELIA TRIDENTATA (sp. nov.): eerst -villosa; caulibus patenti-diffusis; foliolis 7-11 oblongo vel obovato-cuneatis apice plerumque tridentatis; stipulis profunde laciniatis; cymis densifloris ; bracteolis calycis segmentis brevioribus et angustioribus; petalis obovato-spathulatis. (Tab. VI.) Wet ravines, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 10; and hill-sides, Mammoth Grove, California; May 15. A span or more in height. Leaflets of the radical leaves 9-11, about half an inch long, almost uniformly 3-toothed at the apex, the intermediate tooth often smaller, otherwise entire; those of the cauline leaves (5-7) narrower. Petals at first nar- rowly spatulate, but توم‎ when fully expanded. Somewhat resembling H. parviflora ; the flowers being quite as small as in that species. POTENTILLA PENNSYLVANICA, var. HIPPIANA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 438. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October; in fruit. Some of the specimens nearly accord with P. diffusa, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 41, which Prof. Lehmann, the learned monographer of the genus, has no doubt cor- rectly arranged asa variety of his P. Hippiana, viewed by him as distinct from P. Pennsylvanica. PorENTILLA ANSERINA, Linn. Sp. 1, p. 495; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 444. Wet places, San Domingo, New Mexico; October. => San Francisco, California ; April 3. POTENTILLA RIVALIS, Nutt. in Torr. Gray, Fl. l1. c. Wet places near San Francisco, April 8. - POTENTILLA GLANDULOSA, Lindl. Bot. ud t. 1583; Torr. & etf Fl. 1, p. 446. Mountains near Oakland, California; April 4. gege سر‎ a bn- e —: BOTANY. 85 FRAGARIA vesca, Linn.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 448. San Antonita, New Mexico, October. Ravines on the Yuba, near Downieville, May 22, and mountains near Oakland, California ; April 5. FRAGARIA CHILENSIS, Eich. ` Torr. € Gray, .ا‎ c. Near San Francisco; April 3. Russ Nurxanus, Mogino; Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1368; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 450. Corte Madera, California, April 10. RuBus vote, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2, p. 10? Near San Francisco; April 3. Stems long and apparently prostrate. Leaves (of flowering specimens) about an inch and a half in length and breadth, strongly 3-lobed, a little pubescent on both surfaces when young. Flowers smaller than the species is described to have. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, with a long subulate (not foliaceous) point. Petals white, a little longer than the calyx. RuBus LEUCODERMIS, Dougl.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 454? Leroux's spring, foot of San Fran- cisco mountain, New Mexico; December. Prickles numerous, slender, short and somewhat re- curved. Leaves mostly pinnately 5-foliolate, very white underneath, much smaller than usual. Peduncles 5-6-flowered. The specimens are imperfect, the plant having been gathered late in the season. RuBus URSINUS, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2, p. 11; Torr. € Gray, Le R. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1 p. 141; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 140. Ravines and low grounds near Punta de los Reyes; April 17. A showy species, with large red flowers. The obovate petals are 7 or 8 lines long, much larger than they are said to be by Chamisso and Schlecthendal, "who do not mention the color, and whose description of the species applies better to what we take for a state of R. macropetalus than to this plant. RUBUS MACROPETALUS, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 118, t. 59; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Cocomungo, California; March 18. The main stems are often prostrate, throwing up short erect branches. The leaves are mostly trifoliolate, except the uppermost ones, which are some- times simple and 3-lobed. All the specimens seem to have perfect flowers. RuBUs TRIVIALIS, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 296. Low places near Mark West's creek, California ` April 30. Petals elliptical-lanceolate, nearly twice the length of the sepals. Leaves all trifoliolate ; leaflets rhombic-oblong. Perhaps only a state of R. macropetalus. Rosa FOLIOLOSA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 460. Upper Canadian river, and in the Sandia mountains ` September—October. In fruit. Rosa GYMNOCARPA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 461. Near Bolinas, April 19; wet ravines, Grass valley, May 20, (in flower) ; also mountains near Oakland ; April 5, (with the fruit of the preceding season). A very neat slender species. The leaflets vary from less than half an inch to three-fourths of an inch long. The flowers are scarcely an inch in diameter. Rosa BLANDA, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1,) p. 202; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 459. R. fraxinifolia, Bork. ; Torr. & Gray, l.c. R. Californica, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2, p. 35. R. Woodsii, ` Lindl.; Torr. & Gray, l1. c. Knight's ferry, Stanislaus river, May 7; Grass valley, May 19; low places, Mark West's creek, California ; April 30 (with fruit of the preceding season.) This is a variable species, including, as we think, all those quoted above. PYRUS RIVULARIS, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1. p. 203, t. 68; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 71; Nutt. Sylv. 2. p. 22. t. 49. Santa Rosa creek, California; May 1. PHOTINIA ARBUTIFOLIA, Lindl. in Linn. Trans. 13. p. 103, £ Bot. Reg. t. 491; Torr. € Gray; Fi. 1, p. 413 ; Cajon Pass, March 16, (with unexpanded flowers.) Martinez, April 23, (young fruit ;) Mark West's creek, California; and April 30 (mature fruit). AMELANOHIER CANADENSIS, var. ALNIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, FT. 1, p. 473. Near Punta de los Reys, April 17. Hill sides, Nevada, May 20. Hills near Williams” fork of the Great Colorado. Another form of this species was found on the middle Yuba. It has ovate or obovate leaves, which are often nearly entire, or with only a few serratures at the summit. The racemes are 6-S-flowered, and the peduncles as well as the segments of the calyx are woolly. 86 BOTANY. CRATEGUS COCCINEA, Linn. Var. ٣۳۸272, Torr. & Gray, Le In the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. With ripe fruit. CRATAGUS SUBVILLOSA, Schrad. Hort. Gott. C. coccinea, var. mollis, Torr. & Gray, l. c. Shawnee villages on the Canadian River; August. In the great size of the fruit, no less than in the foliage, this differs from C. coccinea. CALYCANTHACE EX. CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS, Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 340, t. 84; Torr. €: Gray, Fl. 1, p. 476; Bot. Mag. t. 4808. Deep ravines, Napa Valley, California ; (with old fruit). LYTHRACE X. AMMANNIA LATIFOLIA, Linn.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 480. Near Beavertown, on the Cana- dian River, in low places; August. ONAGRACEJE. EPILOBIUM COLORATUM, Muhl. Wet places, near San Domingo, New Mexico; October. EPILOBIUM PALUSTRE, Linn. In a spring, on the Upper Canadian ; September. EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM, Linn.; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 1, p. 206. Corte Madera, California ; April 20. Near San fono Dr. Bigelow also SE early in April, specimens of an Epilobium, with purple flowers as large as those of E. montanum or E. parviflorum, but too young for satisfactory determination. : s EPILOBIUM MINUTUM, Lindl. in Hook. l. c.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 490. Hill sides, Napa valley; April 24. Knight’s Ferry on the Stanislaus river ; May. CENOTHERA JAMESIL, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 493. Comanche Plains, etc., New Mexico; Sep- tember. CENOTHERA CORONOPIFOLIA, Torr. & Gray, l. c. Laguna Blanca, New Mexico; September. The corolla is sulphur color in the dried specimens: it was probably white in the living plant. CENOTHERA ALBICAULIS, Nutt.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 69. One of the cinereous varieties, with leaves toothed at the base. Sandy bottoms of the Upper Canadian ; September. (ENOTHERA SPECIOSA, Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Near Shawneetown and Beaverstown, on the Canadian river; August. (ENoTHERA MISSOURIENSIS, Sims. Naked prairies of the Upper Canadian. The smooth and broader-leaved form. Var. INCANA. False Washita and Comanche Plains ; September. CENOTHERA SERRULATA, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 246. Walnut Creek, etc. ; August. CENOTHERA LEPIDA, Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1849. Plains near Stockton and Knight's Ferry, California; May 7. | CENOTHERA VIMINEA, Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2873. Hill-sides and plains, Knight's Ferry; May 8. Var.? PARVIFLORA, Hook. de Arn. Napa valley, May 5. CENOTHERA TENELLA, Var. TENUIFOLIA, Lindl. ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 342. Hill-sides, Knight’s Ferry, California ; May 7.* CENOTHERA DENSIFLORA, Lodi Bot. Reg. t. 1593. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river; in dry ravines and on plains; May 8. CENOTHERA CLAVAEFORMIS, Torr. in Frém. 2d Rep. p. 314. Mohave Creek; March 2. Rocky arroyos of the Colorado ; Feb. 22. "The petals barely equal the stamens, (2 or 3 lines long,) and the style is soon much exserted. The corolla would seem to be whitish ; but specimens gathered at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, by Lieut. Beckwith, (Beckwith's Report, p. 115,) are plainly yellow-flowered. "The following is a third and very striking species of the same group, (Chylismia of Nuttall,) connecting it with Spheerostigma. (Ebiloba, Durand, Pl. Pratten. Calif. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 1855, (the same as Hartweg's, No. 1,728,) appears to be a‏ ٭ well-marked species. The petals vary, howev.r, in the degree in which they are obcordate or two-iobed. In specimens‏ raised by Dr. Short, from seeds collected in California by Dr. Dayton, the petals (** delicate rose-color, changing to violet’’)‏ are nearly two-cleft.—(ray, Mss.‏ BOTANY. 87 (ENOTHERA (CHYLISMIA) BREVIPES (sp. nov.): villoso-hirsuta vel glabra ; caule simplici (3-9 pol- licari) inferne foliato; foliis lyrato-pinnatisectis, segmentis denticulatis, lateralibus parvis irregu- laribus nunc obsoletis, terminali maximo ovato vel subcordato; petalis calyce staminibusque duplo longioribus, capsula longe lineari tubum calycis et pedicellum multoties excedente, Gravelly hills on and near the Colorado; February 17 and 20. We have seen an imperfect specimen of this plant in a small collection made on the Gila, etc., by A. B. Gray, Esq., surveyor, in the possession of Mr. George Thurber. The stem is pretty stout, much thicker than that of O. scapoidea and the nearly related O. claveformis; and the flowers are very much larger, the light yellow petals being from half an inch to an inch in length; they are rounded, obovate, and entire. The pedicels are about as long as the bracts, varying from 1 to 5 lines in length, while the ovary is usually an inch long. The latter, like the limb of the calyx, is very villous in some specimens, and sparingly so or entirely glabrous in others. Ripe pods arcuate ascend- ing, about an inch and a half long. Veins of the leaves often purplish beneath, as in O. clave- formis. The raceme is nodding at the undeveloped summit, and scorpioid, as in the related species. —Cray, Mss. CENOTHERA ovata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 507. San Francisco, and on mountains near Oakland ; April 3 and 4. CENOTHERA GRACILIFLORA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 341; Hook. lc. t. 338. San Gabriel, California ; March 23. CENOTHERA DENTATA, Cav.?; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 510. Gravelly hills near the Great Colorado; February 17. Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus ; May; a much branched and larger flowered variety. CENOTHERA STRIGULOSA, Torr. § Gray, l. c. Cocomungo ; March 8, and San Francisco ; April 8. CENOTHERA CHEIRANTHIFOLIA, Hornem.; Torr. € Gray, l. c. San Francisco; April 8. CENOTHERA VIRIDESCENS, Hook. Fl. Bor,—Am. 1, p. 214. Seashore at Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. ; GAYOPHYTUM NUTTALLII, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 514. Hillsides on the Yuba, near Downie- ville; May 22. EucHARIDIUM CONCINNUM, Fischer € Meyer ; Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1962. Bolinas bay, California; April 19. Also, a specimen collected by Dr. Andrews; the habitat not recorded. This plant rarely occurs in Californian collections. CLARKIA ELEGANS, Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1575. Also, C. unguiculata, Lindl. 2 Hillsides, Knight's ferry ; May 7-8. Lupwiara NATANS, EU. Sk. 1, p. 581. Beavertown on the Canadian in wet places ` August. STENOSIPHON VIRGATUS, Spach. Monogr. Onagr., p. 64. Rocky prairies on the Canadian ; August. ecu PARVIFLORA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor—.Am. 1, p. 208. Sand banks of the Canadian ; August, S GAURA BIENNIS, Linn. B. PITCHERI, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 517. Near Beaverstown, Indian Territory ; August. San Domingo; October. a š GAURA VILLOSA, Torr. in Ann. Lac. New York, 2, p. 200. Prairies and hills on the Upper Canadian ; September. GAURA COCCINEA, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 249. Prairie hills on the Canadian ; September. ; GAURA HETERANDRA (sp. nov.): glabella, annua; caule ramoso ; foliis membranaceis ovato- lanceolatis summis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis petiolatis ; spicis paniculatis laxis ; floribus tetrameris parvis, inferioribus folioso-bracteatis ; tubo cal ycis infundibuliformi lobis dimidio bre- vioribus ; petalis obovato-spathulatis conformibus ; staminibus 8, alternis brevioribus fere anan- theris, 4 longioribus antheris cordato-rotundis ; stigmate integro ; fructu brevissime pedicellato obovato gibboso 3-4-loculari. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, California و‎ May 17. Stem a foot or more in height, erect, paniculately branched above; the branches, etc., slightly puberulent. Cauline leaves two inches in length, and with a slender petiole of half or two-thirds of an inch 88 BOTANY. in length, those of the branches smaller and narrower ; all thin, entire, or obscurely repand, loosely feather-veined. Flowers apparently purple, small, the lobes of the calyx and the petals about two lines long. Stamens apparently not declined; the four longer ones equaling the petals, and with very short basi-fixed anthers; the alternate ones (opposite the petals) much shorter, and with the anthers abortive. Style long ; stigma hemispherical, entire, or nearly so. Fruit globular-obovate, gibbous, obscurely ribbed, a line and a half long, indehiscent. This is the only Gaura yet known from California, and a very peculiar one, but apparently of this genus, notwithstanding the abortive shorter stamens and the short anthers of the others. HIPPURIS VULGARIS, Linn. Spec. 1, p. 4. Ponds near Tomales bay, California; April 19. GROSSULACEZ. RIBES CALIFORNICUM, Hook, de Arn., R. Californicum, occidentale, and subvestitum, Hook. d Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 346; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 545, 548. Dr. Bigelow’s specimens, with others, collated with those of Douglas, plainly show that the three above-mentioned nominal species must be reduced to one, which should stand next to R. Menziesii, (the anthers of which are slightly mucromate,) and for which the name of R. Californicum is to be preferred. The subaxillary spines are sometimes solitary, geminate and ternate on the same branch; the: branches are setose or naked on otherwise similar plants ; the foliage is either glabrous, glan- dular-pubescent beneath, or simply pubescent, and either moderately or deeply lobed and incised ; the flowers in all are reddish or purple; the ovary, etc., more or less strongly glandular and setose, and with or without a soft or hirsute pubescence. R. Californicum was founded on a small-leaved and smaller-flowered state of the species. R. subvestitum on a larger-leaved and large-flowered form. Dr. Bigelow’s collection comprises the following: 1. From rocky ravines, Cajon Pass; March 16: the R. subvestitum, Hook. & Arn., except that the branchlets are not setose, and the pubescence of the leaves scarcely glandular.—2. Mammoth Grove, on the pros- trate trunk of a huge Sequoia gigantea; May 11: similar to'the preceding, but the leaves more cleft, and the calyx-tube more pubescent.—3. Mountains near San Gabriel ; March 28: like No. 1, but more glabrous leaves, glandular-dotted beneath.—4. Duffield's ranch, Sierra Nevada, with young fruit, which is large, hairy, and prickly.—5. Grass valley ; May 20, with young fruit : the same, with glabrous leaves.—6. Duffield's Ranch, on hillsides, and near San Francisco : forms with the foliage and calyx, etc., perfectly glabrous; the fruit glandular and prickly. This answers to R. occidentale, but the subaxillary spines are often in pairs, threes, or fives. It is the same as Hartweg’s No. 1736.—Gray, Mss. RIBES DIVARICATUM, Dougl. in Hort. Trans. T., p. 515; Torr. € Gray, l. c. ; San Francisco; April 3. This accords entir:ly with the Californian plant of Douglas's collection, except that the racemes are 4—5-flowered. Nuttall's R. villosum is merely a pubescent form of it. RIBES GLUTINOSUM, Benth. in Hort. Trans. n. ser. 1, p. 416; San Francisco; April 3. Duf- field's Ranch ; May 12. Also, at Mammoth Grove, on the prostrate trunk of a huge Sequoia, at the height of twenty feet from the ground. RIBES MALVACEUM, Smith; DC. Prod. 3, p. 383; Torr. £ Gray, l.c. Cajon Pass; March 16. San Francisco; April 28. RIBES AUREUM, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 164, Var. R. tenuiflorum, Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1,274. Rocky hills on the upper Canadian river. Plains near San Gabriel, California; March 23, in flower. RIBES LEPTANTHUM, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 53. Laguna Blanca, New Mexico, in rocky places at the foot of mountains ; September. OXYACANTHOIDES, Linn. ? Rocky hills near San Domingo, New Mexico; October, without‏ مس“ flowers or fruit.‏ CUCURBITACEZ. MELOTHRIA PENDULA, Linn. On the Canadian River and Deer creek ; August. BOTANY。 89 CYCLANTHERA DISSECTA, Arn. im Hook., Jour. Bot. 3, p. 280. Banks of the False Washita ; August. CUCURBITA PERENNIS, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 193. Cucumis perennis, James. Camanche plains, on the banks of streams ; September. LOASACEJE. EUCNIDE LOBATA, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 192. Rocky ravines of the Colorado, near the con- fluence of Williams” River, in western New Mexico. The specimens were winter vestiges, with good fruit of the preceding season. MENTZELIA ALBICAULIS, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 534. Bartonia albicaulis, Hook. Fl. Bor.- Amer. 1, p. 222. Mohave creek, California ; March 2. MENTZELIA LINDLEYI, Torr. & Gray, l.c. Gravelly hills along the Great Colorado; Febru- ary 20. MENTZELIA OLIGOSPERMA, Nutt. in Bot. Mag. t. 1760. Rocky hills on the False Washita, etc. ; August. e (BARTONIA) NUDA, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 534. On Elm creek and the False Washita; August. Denuded plains of the Upper Canadian ; September. MENTZELIA (BARTONIA) MULTIFLORA, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. p. 180; Gray, Pl. Wright. p. 74. Rocky cañons, from the Llano Estacado to Galisteo, New Mexico; October. CRASSULACEAE. Sepum WrıaHTIr, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 76. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. A dwarf and condensed state. SEDUM SPATHULIFOLIUM, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 227; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 559. Hill- sides and rocky places, Napa valley, California ; May 5. Stems ascending, simple, or sparingly branched, throwing off from the base prostrate sterile runners or offsets, which bear a rosulate tuft of leaves at the extremity, and strike root. ECHEVERIA LANCEOLATA, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 561. Rocks and hill-sides, Sonoma, and Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river, California; May 3-9. The leaves vary in form, from lanceolate to obovate. The pedicels are from one-third to more than half the length of the flower. : SAXIFRAGACELJE. SAXIFRAGA VIRGINIENSIS, Micha. Fl. 1, p. 269; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 571; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 311. Mountains near Oakland, California. The leaves are less toothed, and the petals broader than in the eastern plant, but in other respects there is little difference. Dr. Bigelow collected in Napa valley (May 5) an unusual state of this species, with large, thin, nearly entire glabrous leaves, and a very loose sparsely-flowered panicle; characters which may be owing to the plant having grown in a moist shady place. 8 i SAXIFRAGA INTEGRIFOLIA, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 249, t. 86: var. foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, basi angustatis; cymis in paniculam elongatam sub-contractam dispositis ; floribus brevi- pedicellatis; calycis segmentis oblongis recurvis; petalis lineari—lanceolatis, obtusis, Swaraps near Santa Rosa, California; May 3. Plant 24-30 inches high ; leaves 2-3 inches long ; corolla apparently white. This variety has a strong resemblance to S. Pennsylvanica, The panicle remains contracted even in fruit. Hevcuera MICRANTHA, Dougl. in Bot. Heg. t. 1302; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 579. Rocky ravines, Yuba, near Downieville, May 22 ; and shady hill-sides, N apa valley, California; May 5. The solitary specimen from the latter locality is leafy to the summit, and more hairy than is usual in this species. This accords with Hartweg's No. 1742, but it can hardly be H. pilosis- sima of Fischer and Meyer. 12r 90 BOTANY. LITHOPHRAGMA HETEROPHYLLA, Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 346; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 585. Hill-sides, near Napa, California; April 26. A smaller form occurs on the mountains near Oakland. TELLIMA GRANDIFLORA, Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1178; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 583. Head of Tomales bay, and Redwoods, California; April 12—17. In the dried specimens from Tomales bay the petals are bright crimson. We have not received this plant before, except from Oregon. PHILADELPHUS CALIFORNICUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 309. Ravines, Mokelumne Hill, May 17, (flowers unexpanded.) Frémont collected fine specimens of this plant on the rocky banks of -the American river; June 14, 1846, It grows from 8 to 12 feet high. We fear it is scarcely distinct from P. Lewisii. PHILADELPHUS Lewisu, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 29. Var. PARVIFOLIUS: foliis ovato-oblongis utrin- que a^utis remote denticulatis margine ciliolatis ceteris glabriusculis; thyrso pedunculato, muitifloro. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada ; May 12. "The specimens are without flowers, but bear the fruit of the last season. It is therefore uncertain whether the inflorescence was naked, as the leaves of the preceding year had fallen. The leaves are scarcely an inch long, and the thyrsus is 6-12-flowered. JAMESIA AMERICANA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 593; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 55. Arroyos in the Sandia Mountains, New Mexico; October. In fuit, FENDLERA RUPICOLA, Engelm. E Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. TT, t. 5. Cations of the Pecos, New Mexico ; September. WHIPPLEA, Nov. Gen. Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx 5-6- fidus, tubo brevissimo turbinato cum ovarii basi connato, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis «estivatione valvatis? Petala 5-6, perigyna, rhomboideo-ovata, basi angusta subunguiculata, estivatione imbricata? marginibus involutis, decidua. Stamina 10 vel 12, cum petalis inserta, iisdem opposita et alterna, ea sepalis anteposita breviora: fila- menta subulata: anthere didymee, subintrorse, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium quadri- loculare, quadriovulatum : styli discreti, ovario subequilongo, subulato-lineares, intus plani longitrorsum stigmatosi. Ovulum in quoque loculo solitarium, suspensum, anatropum. Cap- sula! 4—5-cocca, parva, basi calysis tubo accreta, coccis coriaceis; intus dehiscentibus. Semen pendulum. Embryo minutus, in apice albuminis, rectus; radicula supera. Suffrutex—Cali- fornicus, sarmentosus ; foliis oppositis membranaceis deciduis ovatis trinervatis paucidentatis ; stipulis nullis; pedunculis gracilibus terminalibus racemum parvum confertum gerentibus و‎ floribus parvis albis. WHIPPLEA MODESTA. (Tab. VII.) Red-woods, California; April 12. A slender, nearly simple or moderately branching under-shrub, about a foot long, sparsely clothed with strigose scabrous hairs. Leaves on very short petioles, about an inch long, membranaceous, obtuse, 2-3-toothed on each margin, green on both sides, 3-nerved from the base, softly strigose-pubescent; the hairs of the upper surface arising from a slightly tuberculate base. Peduncles terminal, 1-2 inches long: raceme 6—12-flowered, the flowers mostly opposite; pedicels about 2 lines long, spreading. Calyx whitish, the tube pubescent ; segments lanceolate, rather acute, one-nerved, erect. Petalg exceeding the sepals, about a line and a half long, slightly imbricated, the margin involute in the bud. Stamens twice as many as the petals, (very rarely 4,) in a CSC series: filaments subulate, flat, inserted with the petals at the base of the free portion of the calyx: anthers didymous, the cells roundish, opening on the margin from the summit to the base; pollen ex- tremely minute, globose. Ovary ovate-globose, the base adherent to the tube of the calyx; styles (rarely 3) linear, flat, slightly united at the base, the upper half stigmatose on the inside. Ovules large for the size of the ovary, suspended from the i inner angle of the cell at the summit, 1 From Dr. T. L. Andrews, lately of California, we have received, just in time for this publication, the Whipplea with nearly ripe fruit. BOTANY. 91 furnished with a small caruncle at the micropyle. Fruit subglobose, about a line and a half in diameter. There can be little doubt of the affinities of this interesting plant. Notwith. standing some of its anomalies, it must be referred to the suborder Hydrangea of Saxifragacem. In Eremosyne of Saxifrages proper the cells of the ovary are one-ovuled ; also in Aphanopetalum, and in the new genus Spireanthemum! of the suborder Cunoniacem. The hairs, especially those of the leaves, exhibit the same muricate-scabrous appearance that occurs in those of Deutzia, Philadelphus, Fendlera, and other genera of Hydrangem. It is somewhat difficult to determine the æstivation of the petals of this genus, as the flower is open while the bud is yet very young ; but in one or two instances they were slightly overlapping. We dedicate this new genus to the accomplished commander of the expedition. UMBELLIFERAE. ERYNGIUM DIFFUSUM, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York, 2, p. 207, de in Marcy's Report, t. 6. Prairies on the False Washita ; August. The root appears to be annual. SANICULA BIPINNATA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p, 347 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 603. Hill- sides, Martinez, California, April 23, (with mature fruit.) The heads or umbellets are about 3 lines in diameter, on long slender rays. Pedicels of the sterile flowers shorter than the fruit. ' Root fusiform. SANICULA BIPINNATIFIDA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 258, t. 92; Torr. & Gray, FI. Le Cocomungo, San Francisco and Benicia; March and April. This is rather a com- mon plant in California and Oregon. SANICULA TUBEROSA (Sp. nov.): caule gracili e tubero globoso; foliis pinnatisectis, segmentis angustis pinnatifidis inciso serratis vel dentatis ; foliolis involucralibus profunde trifidis, laciniis plerumque dentatis ; floribus sterilibus longe pedicellatis ; calycis tubo tuberculato. Hill-sides, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada; April—May. Tuber half an inch in diameter, fleshy and farinaceous. Stem (fructiferous) 12-14 inches high, moderately branching. The primary divisions of the leaves are rather ternate than pinnate. The secondary ones are pinnately and deeply cut, with pinnatifid or sometimes finely dissected segments: Umbels compound, or sometimes decompound ; the rays seldom more than two, unequal. Heads nearly half an inch in diameter. Sterile flowers 15-20, on pedicels 3-4 lines long. Fertile flowers 1-5, sessile. Calyx-tube in fruit covered with conical ‘obtuse tubercles, which are not at all hooked at the point. Teeth of the calyx lanceolate. Styles elongated, recurved. This remarkable species was first collected by Colonel Frémont in 1844 on the American river, and afterwards on the upper waters of the Sacramento, but without fruit. The specimens of Dr. Bigelow have the fruit not quite mature, but fully formed, and yet without any appearance of prickles; instead of which there are rather soft tubercles. In all the other North American species of Sanicula the calyx- tube, in its youngest state, shows the uncinate prickles distinctly. Our plant most resembles S. bipinnata, but is distinguisued by its long-stalked sterile flowers and unarmed fruit. SANICULA Menziesu, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 142 & 347; Hook. Fi. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 258, t. 90; Torr. & Gray, Fl. l. c. Hill-sides, San Francisco and Martinez, April; in flower and fruit. E SANICULA LACINIATA, Hook. & Arn. l. بے‎ Torr. & Gray, L. e. B. nudicaulis, Hook. £ Arn. L. c.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Hill-sides, Napa valley, California ; April 27, with flower and young fruit. S. nudicaulis can hardly be regarded as more than a variety of S. laciniata ; the chief difference being the less finely cut leaves of the latter. . SANICULA ARCTOPOIDES, Hook. & Arn. 1. c.; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 1, p. 258. t. 91; Torr. & Gray, l. c. San Francisco, April 3. wes GRAVEOLENS, مس‎ DC. Prodr. 4, p. 101; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 142. The ! Gray, Botany of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1, p. 666. 92 BOTANY. label of this plant got misplaced, but we suppose the specimens were aner near the coast, They agree with others found near San Luis Rey, California, by Dr. Par BERULA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Koch ; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 55, and Pl. Wright, 1 p. 65. In water, near San Domingo, Now Mexico; October. In fruit. CYMOPTERUS MONTANUS, Nutt. 9 Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 624; Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. ۰ William's river, New Mexico ; January 26, (scarcely in full flower.) Called by the Mexicans Gamote or Camote. The root is about as thick as a man's thumb, and seems to be farinaceous, . PEUCEDANUM LEIOCARPUM, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 626. Seseli leiocarpum, Hook. FT. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 262, t. 93. Hill-sides, Napa, California, April 25 ; in flower. The segments of the leaves are broader than in the Oregon plant; so that we suspect P. latifolium may be only a variety of this species. PEUCEDANUM NUDICAULE, Nutt. in Torr. de Gray, Fl. l. e. Ferula Nuttallii, DC. Prodr. 4, p. 173. ق‎ ellipticum, Torr. & Gray, in Beckwith’s Rep. Hill-sides, Sonoma, May 3; (with flowers and immature fruit), and Feather river, near Marysville, California ; with mature fruit. The fruit is so much longer and narrower in proportion than in the normal form of P. nudi- cuale that we would have described this plant as a distinct species, were there other marks of difference ; which, however, we have not been able to find. Besides, in other species of this genus there is considerable variation in the form and size of the fruit. PEUCEDANUM TOMENTOSUM, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 312. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river, May 7; with immature fruit; and Corte Madera, California, on hills. We have a strong suspicion that this species, P. dasycarpon, macrocarpon, and feeniculaceum (at least the western plant) are not distinct. We have many intermediate forms that appear to connect them ; but are unwilling, at present, to unite them. 了 EUCEDANUM DASYCARPUM, Torr. £ Gray, Fl. 1, p. 628. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river, May 7; with immature fruit. Peduncles 15 inches long. Ultimate segments of the leaves narrowly linear. Fruit (not mature) elliptical-obovate, very woolly. Segments of the invo- lucels lanceolate. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from P. fcniculaceum. The number of North American species of this genus will doubtless be reduced when they are carefully studied with more ample materials than we now possess. PEUCEDANUM CARUIFOLIUM, Torr. & Gray, Fl. Le Ferula caruifolia, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 348. Mark West’s creek, Napa valley, and on hill-sides, near Sonoma, California, April—May. The specimens are much larger than the original ones of Douglas and Nuttall, being about a foot and a half high. This is pretty certainly P. marginatum, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 312, No. 1752 ; and we suspect that it is also P. abrotantifolium, Nutt. Pl. Gambel. PEUCEDANUM UTRICULATUM, Nutt. im Torr. & Gray, l. c. Hill-sides, Martinez; mountains near Oakland ; Mark West’s creek, and Cocomungo, California ; March— ۰ LEPTOTÆNIA ? CALIFORNICA, Nutt. im Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 630. Hills, near Tokeloma ereek, April 17, (with flowers and young fruit;) Napa valley, April 26, (with nearly ripe fruit.) This plant, which Nuttall referred with doubt to Leptoteenia, and thought (as he had not seen the fruit) might perhaps be a species of Polytaenia, does not accord entirely with either genus. From the former it differs in having emarginate petals with a long inflexed point, and 6 ۵ on the commissure, with numerous true vittze on the back, and nearly obsolete ribs ; the involu- cels also are wanting. From the latter it disagrees in the toothless calyx, as well as in wanting the involucels. "The fruit is oval or elliptical, about 5 lines long, and the border is rather thin. Many of the flowers are abortive, and in some of the umbels all are so. The primary rays are about 3 inches long. HERACLEUM LANATUM, DO. Prodr. 4. p. 192. Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 632. H. Douglasii, DC Le Corte Madera, California, April 10; in flower. Scarcely more pubescent than the eastern plant, i == 7 - WF PUSILLUS, Miche, Fl. 1, p. 164; Torr. £ Gray, Fl. 1, p. 636. Hill-sides, Napa, April 25. This plant has some reputation among the Mexicans as a remedy for the bite of venemous serpents; but its efficacy is very doubtful. DAUCUS BRACHIATUS, Sieb.; DC. Prodr. 4, p. 514; Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1, p. 711, Scandix glochidiata, Labill. Pl. N. Holl. 1, p. 15, t. 102. — Caucalis microcarpa, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 348; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 636. Hill-sides, Knight’s ferry, Stanislaus, May 1, (in fruit.) A widely diffused plant, being found in Australia, New Zealand, Peru, Chili, many parts of Mexico, and California. It may have been brought to Californm by cattle. An original specimen of Labillardiere differs from our plant only in the rather denser prickles ot the fruit. It is more nearly related to Caucalis than to Daucus, but does not accord wholly with either genus. CHAROPHYLLUM? CALIFORNIOUM (sp. nov.): perenne, erectum, elatum, glaberrimum; foliis triternatisectis, lobis linearibus integris vel paucidentatis; involucro polyphyllo; calycis mar- gine 5-dentato; fructibus oblongis utrinque obtusis, costis vix elevatis. Wet ravines, Knight's ferry, Stanislaus, May 8; in flower and fruit. Stem 3-4 feet high, nearly simple. Leaves (including the petioles) a foot in length; the primary divisions biternately or bipinnately divided; the segments either all (except the elongated terminal one) coarsely 2-3-toothed, or nearly entire and linear; uppermost leaves simply 3-parted with entire divisions. Umbels on very long peduncles, the primary one wholly female, 9-12-rayed. Involucre 9-12-leaved, scarcely one-fifth the length of the rays. Lateral umbels wholly male. Umbellets many- flowered, about an inch long. Involucels of numerous entire lanceolate leaves. Petals white, broadly oval, emarginate, with a small inflexed point. Calyx with 5 distinct acute teeth. Stylopodium broadly conical. Styles half the length of the ovary, recurved. Fruit abont five lines long, often a little curved, or gibbous, laterally compressed: mericarps obscurely ribbed, with large single vitte in the intervals and 4 in the commissure, Seed deeply furrowed on the face, but not involute, with an elevated central ridge; carpophore 2-cleft at the summit. We are by no means satisfied with our disposition of this plant. It rather falls into this genus than into any other known to us; yet it differs much in habit and in several characters from Chaero- phyllum. OSMORHIZA BRACHYPODA, Torr. in Durand's Plante Pratt. (Jour. Acad. Phil. n. ser. 2, p. 19). Hill-sides, Yuba, Downieville, California; May 22. It was also found with mature fruit by Dr. Parry near Monterey, and by Mr. Pratten on Deer creek. The flowering specimens collected by Dr. Bigelow are only a foot high. Easily distinguished from O. brevistylis and O. longi- stylis by the very short pedicels of the fertile flowers and fruit, the minute stylopodium, and shorter trapezoidal segments of the leaves. In the short styles it is nearest O. brevistylis, but it is quite glabrous, and the fruit is much more hispid on the angles than in that species OsMoRHIZA NUDA (n. sp.): stylis brevissimis; fructibus obtusis; involucris et involucellis nullis; pedicellis fructu longioribus. Shady woods, Napa valley, April 27. Plant about two feet high. Leaves on long petioles, which, as well as the lower part of the stem, are strigosely pubescent; segments broadly ovate, often deeply 3-lobed, coarsely dentate-serrate, Peduncles enlongated. Umbel about 4-rayed; umbellets 4-6-flowered. Flowers like those of ۰ brevis- tylis. Fruit (immature) very hispid, especially towards the base, crowned with a short conical stylopodium. This species is intermediate between Osmorhiza and Glycosma. In its bristly fruit it is like the former, and in the short stylopodium and styles, as well as in the entire absence of the involucres, it resembles the latter. The two genera should, perhaps, be united. CYNAPIUM APIIFOLIUM, Nutt. in Torr. de Gray, Fl. 1, p. 640. Tamul Pass, April 11; in flower. This plant had not been found before in California. š : SUBGENUS? Micrormnra. Calycis margo obsoletus. Petala ovata, cum lacinula elongata in- flexa. Stylopodium minutum, depressum. Styli elongati, recurvi. Fructus ovalis, a latere contractus. Mericarpia jugis obtusissimis; valleculis 3-5-vittatis. Commissura 6-8-vittata, 94 BOTANY. crassa, spongiosa. Herba Californica, glabra. Folia decomposita. Involucrum oligophylum, Involucella 6-8-phylla. CYNAPIUM? (MICROTAENIA) Bragrovir. Hill sides, near Murphy’s, California; May 16. Stem 3 feet or more in height. Lower leaves a foot long, ternately decompound ; segments pinnately incised, with linear-lanceolate lobes. Umbels on long naked peduncles. Rays about 12, 2 or 3 inches in length. Involucre of 5-6 linear leaves. Involucels somewhat lateral, the leaflets lanceolate and reflexed, longer than the flowers. Umbellets moncecious, many-flowered ; the male flowers mostly central. Petals apparently white. Fruit (immature) about 3 lines long ; the ribs very indistinct. Vittee extremely minute, forming an almost uninterrupted circle around each meri- carp. Differs from Cynapium in its much more compressed fruit, nearly obsolete ribs, and in having an involucrum. Very likely the mature fruit would show other differences. THASPIUM MONTANUM, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 57, and Pl. Wright. 2, p.65. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. CoNIosELINUM CANADENSE, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 69. Near Santa Antonita, in mountain marshes; October. In fruit. EWEYA? ACAULIS (sp. nov.): humilis; foliis 5-9-foliolatis e rhizomate repente crasso scapum nudum simplicem subeequantibus ; foliolis cuneatis sessilibus acute trifidis quandoque 3-5-fidis lobis patentibus acutis integerrimis ; umbella solitaria ; fructu subtereti, valleculis univittatis In crevices of rocks near Santa Antonita, New Mexico; October. Of this there are only one or two specimens in the collection, with some mature fruit, but no flowers. The genus is alto- gether doubtful; but it may, perhaps, be referred to Deweya until it is better known ; although the fruit is but slightly campylospermous, so that the plant should, perhaps, be referred to the Seselinee. The seeds and the root-stock have a pleasant aromatic odor, much as in Ligus- ticum ; from which genus, as well as from Deweya, our plant differs in the single large vitte which fill the narrow intervals between the thick and'eorky, almost winged, rather obtuse ribs. DEWEYA ARGUTA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 641. Near San Gabriel; March 22; in flower. B. foliis triternati-sectis ; involucellis elongatis. D.? (n. sp.) Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 312; - Durand, Pl. Pratt. p. 89. Mountains near Oakland; April 5 ; in flower only. The Oakland plant must be only a form of D. arguta, with the leaves more divided than usual. APIASTRUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 644. Hill sides, Napa valley و‎ April 26 ; plains near San Gabriel; March 23. We doubt whether A. latifolium is a distinct species from this. ARALIACEA. ARALIA RACEMOSA, Linn. Spec. 1, p. 273? Bolinas bay, California; April 19; scarcely in flower. The inflorescence is less compound, and the serratures of the leaves are much coarser than in the eastern plant. Very likely this will prove to be a distinct species. CORNACEJE. Cornus NurTARLU, Audubon, Birds of Amer. t. 367; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 655; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 51, t. 97. C. florida, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 271, (ex parte.) Hill sides and ravines, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 12; in full flower. This beautiful tree attains its highest perfection in lower Oregon, where Mr. Nuttall found it growing seventy feet high. The involucral leaves vary in form. "They are sometimes nearly as broad as in C. florida. Cornus SESSILIS, Torr. (in Durand, Pl. Pratt. p. 89): floribus paullo ante folia late ovata subtus pubescentia nascentibus ; involucri foliis acutis ; petalis acuminatis. (Tas. VIII.) Wet ravines near Grass valley, California ; May 20; with young fruit. A small tree, (10-15 feet high,) with smooth, slender, flexile branches. Leaves 24 inches long and 14 inch wide, dull, closely approx- imated towards the extremity of the flowering branches. Umbel 15-20-flowered, appearing i ¿kw 838 7 77 ES # BOTANY. 95 rather before the leaves, usually becoming lateral from the development of only one of the buds near the extremity of the flowering branch: pedicels 4—6 lines long, villous. Invo- lucre nearly as long as the pedicels, very deciduous; the leaflets ovate, acute, yellowish, or tinged with purple. Teeth of the calyx minute, crowning the ovary. Petals lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Style filiform; stigma slightly dilated. Immature fruit twice as long as broad, somewhat hairy. This species, remarkable as the only one of the section Tanycrania found in America, is closely allied to C. mas of Europe and C. officinalis of Japan, differing only, so far as our imperfect materials show, in the slight characters given above. Dr. Bigelow's specimens have the foliage and the young fruit. A branchlet gathered by Mr, Prat- ten exhibits the flowers just developing. Cornus PUBESCENS, Nutt. in Torr. € Gray, Fl. 1, p. 652, (sub var. C. sericea,) £ Sylv. 3, p. 54. C. circinata, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea 3, p. 139. 0. sericea, 8? occidentalis, Torr. & Gray,l. c. River banks and ravines. Grass valley and Middle Yuba; May 20. Also, hill- sides, Duifield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 12; with unexpanded flowers. We incline to the opinion that this species is more nearly allied to C. alba (stolonifera) than to C. sericea. It varies in the degree of pubescence and in the breadth of the leaves. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. LONICERA INVOLUCRATA, Banks; DO. Prodr. 4, p. 336. Near San Francisco, California. LONICERA CALIFORNICA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. T. Knight's ferry on the Stanislaus. A small-leaved form. L. hispidula is a more or less hairy state, apparently of the same species. SYMPHORICARPUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 66. In the Sandia mountains near Santa Antonita, New Mexico; October. In fruit. SAMBUCUS MEXICANA, Pres. in DC. Prodr. 4, p. 323; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 66. S. glauca, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 313, (non Nutt.) S. velutina, Durand € Hilg. Pl. Heerm. in Journ. Acad. Sc. Phil. (n. ser.) 3, p. 39, (a more pubescent form.) Knight’s ferry, Stanislaus river, May 7, (in flower;) also on Mark West's creek, California. Our specimens agree very well with the plant collected in New Mexico by Mr. Wright. SAMBUCUS PUBENS, Micha. Fl. 1, p. 281; Torr. & Gray, l. c., p. 13. Hills near Oakland, California. RUBIACEJE. OLDENLANDIA (HOUSTONIA) RUBRA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 68. Hills and plains near Galisteo, New Mexico ; October. GaLIUM APARINE, Linn. Sp. 1, p. 108. San Francisco and Napa valley; May. A small- fruited form, apparently of this species, occurring in various collections from California, New Mexico, and western Texas. VALERIANACEZ. PLECTRITIS CONGESTA, Lindl.; DO. Prodr. 4, p. 631. Mountains near Oakland ; April—May. PLECTRITIS MACROCERA, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 2, p. 50. P. brachystemon, Fisch. € Mey. Napa valley ; April. COMPOSITAE. (By A. Grar.) ELEPHANTOPUS CAROLINIANUS, Willd. On the Canadian River ; August. VERNONIA Jamesi, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 2, p. 58. On the Canadian; and Llano Estacado ; August—September. Zog rt ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York 2, p. 214; p. 61. Head waters of the Canadian. September. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 96 BOTANY. HoFMEISTERIA PLURISETA (sp. nov.): fruticulosa, puberula; foliis oppositis et alternis parvis plerumque hastato-trifidis inciso-dentatis; involucri squamis floribusque 20-25; pappi paleis 10-12 lineari-lanceolatis (aut muticis aut partim acuminato-aristatis,) cum setis totidem tenuibus denticulatis. (Tab. IX.) In a caiion at Bill Williams' fork, now called Williams' river; February This is evidently a congener of Helogyne fasciculata, Benth., of southern California, and appa- rently of Phania? urenifolia, Hook. & Arn. also, although the number of scales and awns of the pappus (2-3 in the former and 4-5 in the latter) is thrice or twice greater. On account of the earlier Helogyne of Nuttall, (founded on an obscure Eupatoriaceous plant from Peru, but apparently with good characters,) the late Dr. Walpers has changed the name of Bentham’s genus to Hofmeisteria, in honor of one of the best phytotomists of the age. This genus, strengthened by a third species, is well marked in habit as well as character. All have palmately-lobed or divided leaves on very long petioles. In H. pluriseta the petioles are an inch or an inch and a half long, while the blade is only 4 to 6 lines long. The latter is ovate or deltoid in outline, and irregularly cut into 3-6 coarse teeth or lobes, the two basal ones usually largest and divergent. Involucre as in Brickellia; the scales acuminate. Corolla ochroleucous ; the slightly dilated summit 5-toothed. Style, &c., as in H. fasciculata. Achenia oblong, nearly terete, 5-ribbed, minutely hirsute. Palez of the pappus 10 or 12, hyaline, with somewhat erose margins, entire at the summit, which is either obtuse, retuse, or several of them more commonly produced into an acuminate point, or into a short awn, the latter above half the length of the achenium. Bristles of the pappus as many as the pales, and alternate with them, forming an inner series as long as the corolla, nearly capillary, minutely denticulate. LIATRIS PUNCTATA, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 306, t. 55. Rocky prairies, from the Canadian river, August 26, to the Llano Estacado; August-September. LIATRIS SQUARROSA, Willd, Prairies; August 26. LIATRIS ELEGANS, Willd.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 48. Shawnee villages, Canadian; August. CARPHOCHJETE kuwa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 89; € 2, p. 71. On the mountains near the Mimbres ; April ; Dr. Henry. KuHNIA EUPATORIOIDES, Linn., Var. CORYMBOSA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 18. Deer creek, of the Canadian ; August. KUHNIA EUPATORIOIDES, Var. GRACILLIMA, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 218. Anton Chico ; Septem- ber ; and on the San Domingo, New Mexico ; October. BRICKELLIA BRACHYPHYLLA, Gray, Pl. Wright.2, p. 84. Clavigera brachyphylla, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 63. On bluffs and rocky plains of the Llano Estacado ; September. Root thick and long. 了 appus nearly plumose. BRICKELLIA Wricutu, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 12. Arroyos and washed places, near the Llano Estacado ; September. BRICKELLIA CALIDA, var. Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 64. Rocky hills and plains on the San Domingo, New Mexico, &c. This is the same as Fendler's plant; but its bushy habit, cordate leaves, and smaller heads indicate it as probably distinct from B. Californica; and it is very likely to pass into B. Wrightii. BRICKELLIA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. ; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 63. La Cuesta, New Mexico; Sep- tember. EUPATORIUM AGERATOIDES, Linn. f. Shawneetown, on the Canadian ; August. EUPATORIUM AGERATIFOLIUM, Var.? HERBACEUM, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 4. Anton Chico, New Mexico ; in rocky arroyos, &c. A small-leaved form. EurPATORIUM SEROTINUM, Michx. Fl. 2, p. 100. Grande Prairie, on the Canadian; August 22. EUPATORIUM ALTISSIMUM, Linn. On the Canadian, &c. ; August. CoxocLiNIUM CELESTINUM, DC. Shawnee villages; August. NARDOSMIA PALMATA, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 308. Tussilago palmata, dit. Hort. Kew. ed. 1,3,t. 2. Wet places along mountain streams, Oakland, California; April 5. A plant of wide range, yet of very rare occurrence. BOTANY. 97 MACHARANTHERA TANACETIFOLIA, Nees, Ast., p. 224; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 90. On the Ca- nadian, &c. ; September. M itcm cci CANESCENS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 89. Banks of the Pecos, &c., northwest- ern Texas, (smooth varieties) ; gravelly hills near the Colorado of the west; February. Aster BIGEUOVII (sp. nov.) : ramis viscido-hirsutis ad apicem usque foliosis; ramulis corym- bosis monocephalis ; foliis membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis semiamplexicaulibus grosse serratis tenuiter triplinerviis hirto-puberulis glabratis; capitulis magnis globosis) involueri plurise- rialis squamis attenuato-subulatis basi appressis superne longe caudat tis squarroso recurvis glanduloso-viscidis ; acheniis glaberrimis. Arroyos in the Sandia mountains ; Octo- ber. A wholly new and most remarkable Aster, of the Grandiflori group ; but the apparently showy heads larger than those of A. grandiflorus, being an inch in diameter, and the numerous (blue and violet) rays an inch long. It is probably a tall plant; but the base of the stem was not collected. Cauline leaves two or three inches long, coarsely dentate-serrate throughout ; the uppermost, and those of the short branchlets, smaller and less toothed. Scales of the imbri- cated involuere half an inch long when extended, very slender; the long and almost filiform appendicular portion recurved, spreading and very glandular. Receptacle flat, alveolate ; the alveole short and entire. Achenia perfectly glabrous, linear, compressed, three lines long. Pappus not abundant, nearly in a single series. Aster Novi-Bzran, Linn.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 16. Sandia mountains, New Mexico. Aster LAEVIS, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 116. San Antonio, New Mexico; October ; in mountain ravines. ASTER PATENS, Ait. ; Torr. & Gray, Le On the Canadian, Ze, ; August-September. ASTER MULTIFLORUS, 2 Rocky dell, Eastern New Mexico ; September 17. AsrER NUTTALLII, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 126; var. FENpLERI; folijs rigidioribus hispido- ciliatis; involucri squamis granuloso-glandulosis. A. Fendleri, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 66 Rocky ravines and cañons, Llano Estacado ; September. Exactly Fendler's plant; but it ap- pears to differ from A. Nuttallii only in its greater rigidity, and the more manifest hispid bristles on the branches and the margin of the leaves. Aster (OXYTRIPOLIUM) PAUCIFLORUS, Nutt.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 16. San Domingo, New Mexico ; October.. Assen (OXYTRIPOLIUM) DIVARICATUS, Nutt. ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 162. Sand-banks of the Canadian ; August. ASTER (OXYTRIPOLIUM) ANGUSTUS, Torr. & Gray, l. c. ; Gray, Pl. Wight. 2, p. 76. In wet springs, Eastern New Mexico. DIPLOPAPPUS ERICOIDES, Torr. € Gray, l. e. Laguna Colorado, New Mexico , September. ERIGERON (CANOTUS) DIVARICATUM, Michx., Fl. 2, p. 534. Dogtown prairies ; September. ERIGERON (CANOTUS) SUBDECURRENS. Conyza subdecurrens, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 78. Plains and prairies, Eastern New Mexico; September 21. ERIGERON MACRANTHUM, Nutt.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 67. Mountain arroyos, near San An- tonio, New Mexico. ErIGERON BELLIDIASTRUM, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 170. Sand-hills on the Upper Canadian ; September. ERIGERON PHILADELPHICUM, Linn. ; Torr. Gray, Fl. 2, p. 171. Near Santa Rosa, Benicia, and Cocomungo, California ; March-May. ERIGERON DIVERGENS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 115; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. TT, (nearly the var. CINEREUM.) Hills in the Butte mountains near Marysville, Califoruixa May 25. The lower leaves are mostly lobed or almost divided, and the stems become lignescent at the base. ERIGERON Doveras, Torr. € Gray, l. c. Hill-sides on the Stanislaus river at Robinson’s Ferry, California. Mr. Thurber and others have gathered a very narrow-leaved state of this near San Diego. ERIGERON MoDESTUM, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 68, & Pl. Lindl. 2, p. 220; excl. syn. DC. Rocky ravines on the Llano Estacado ; September. 13 r 98 BOTANY. ERIGERON STENOPHYLLUM (sp. nov.): humile, ceespitosum, pube appressa tenuiter cinereum ; caulibus floriferis simplicibus e caudice perenni inferne foliosissimis apice nudo monocephalis ; foliis angustissime linearibus integerrimis ; capitulo magno; ligulis (semipollicaribus et ultra) circiter 40 albis uniseriatis involucro pubescente multo longioribus ; acheniis hirsutissimis; pap- po simplici. On hill-sides and steep banks of the Pecos; October. Stems six to ten inches high, growing in dense tufts. Leaves cne to three inches long, about a line wide, many of them almost filiform ; the lower ones tapering to the base, which is not ciliate nor hirsute ; all merely cinereous with a very fine and close strigose pubescence. Scales of the involucre all nearly equal and similar, scarcely biserial, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, three or four lines long, somewhat tomentose-pubescent. Rays linear, broad for the genus, apparently pure white or slightly tinged with purple, certainly not ochroleucous. Achenia flat, two-nerved, densely hirsute with long and white hairs. Pappus similar in the ray and disk, composed of a single series of scabrous capillary bristles of about the length of the disk-corolla, not fragile nor caducous, of equal length, and not accompanied by short sete or squamelle. This most re- sembles E. ochroleucum, Nutt. ; but the leaves are hoary with a finer pubescence, and are not hirsute towards the base; the honda are longer and more showy, the rays not ochroleucous, the achenia remarkably yillotschirgule; and the exterior pappus wanting. EREMIASTRUM BELLIOIDES, Gray, Pl. Nov. Thurb., p. 320. Gravelly hills near the Colorado, interior of California; February. Precocious specimens, less than an inch high, just beginning to flower. Mature fruit of this plant is a desideratum. TOWNSENDIA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. T, p. 305; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 186. Erigeron? florifer, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 20. Sand-hills and rocky ridges of the Antelope hills on the Canadian ; September. TowNSENDIA EXIMIA, Gray, Pl. Fendi. p. 70. Laguna Blanca, in pine woods, and Santa An- tonita, New Mexico, in mountain ravines; October. The root of this striking and well-marked species is perhaps perennial. The branching stems sometimes attain the height of a foot and a half. APHANOSTEPHUS ARKANSANUS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 93. Valley of the Canadian, at Shaw- neetown ; August. AMPHIACHYRIS DRACUNCULOIDES, DC.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 122. Ravines on Walnut creek, of the Canadian ; August. Eoman, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 123. Antelope hills of the Canadian;‏ ی September.‏ GUTIERREZIA SPHAROCEPHALA, Gray, Fl. Fendl. p. 73. Prairies and plains near the Pecos, New Mexico, September 21. ١ SOLIDAGO RIGIDA, Linn. At Beavertown, on the Canadian; August. SOLIDAGO PUMILA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 210. On the Pecos, New Mexico; October. SOLIDAGO TENUIFOLIA, Pursh.. Sand-hills and Antelope hills on the Canadian; September. SoLIDAGO RapuLa, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 1, p. 102. With the foregoing, and on the Llano Estacado; September. SoLIDAGo CANADENSIS, Linn. Deer creek, of the Canadian; August. LINOSYRIS ۲۷۷2:6825, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 95. Between the Canadian and the Pecos, September 15. LINOSYRIS (CHRYSOTHAMNUS) GRAVEOLENS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 234. Wet places and banks of creeks between the Canadian and the Pecos rivers. LINOSYRIS (CHRYSOTHAMNUS) DBremLovir (sp. nov.): fruticosa, ramosissima, cinerea; ramis flexuosis fastigiato-polycephalis; foliis filiformibus supra canaliculatis; capitulis 5-floris; invo- lucro elongato floribus tertia parte breviore, squamis 5-floris 4—5-seriatis pallidis carinatis و‎ noideo-ciliatis subacutis appressis, extimis oblongis, intimis lineari-lanceolatis; acheniis acute 5-angulatis glaberrimis; pappo copioso, setis tenuibus insqualibus. (Tab. XIL) Hills and arroyos, Cienegella, above Albuquerque, New Mexico. A dense and fastigiate shrub, apparently BOTANY, 99 of two or more feet in height; the branchlets whitish or yellowish, but with scarcely a percep- tible pubescence. Leaves more hoary, about an inch long, involute-filiform, slender. Heads fasciculate, 9 or 10 lines long, about a line and a half in diameter, therefore more slender than those of L. pulchella; the scales of the involucre almost as strikingly five-ranked as in that species, but thinner, not so sharply carinate, not green on the back, and not so much pointed, the somewhat scarious margins, especially of the outer ones ciliate with arachnoid and appa- rently viscid hairs. Corolla, style, and the slender achenia nearly as in L. pulchella; but the bristles of the pappus rather less copious, evidently finer and softer, and unequal in length, therefore intermediate between that of the latter species and of L. graveolens. This species is a peculiarly interesting discovery, on account of the transition it establishes between L. pulchella, a strikingly aberrant form, and the rest of the group to which I had referred to that plant. LINOSYRIS (CHRYSOTHAMNUS) PULCHELLA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 96, € 2, p. 80; Torr. in Sitgreaves” Hep. t. 4. Gravelly hills on the upper Canadian, September. The margins of the leaves are denticulate-ciliolate, which was not observed in Mr. Wright's specimens. Dr. Schultz (Bipont,) informs me, in a letter, that he has indicated this as a new genus, ** Tetragonospermum pulchellum, C. H. Schultz, Mss.” I think that the preceding species forbids its separation from Nuttall’s Chrysothamnus, whatever view we take of that group. APLOPAPPUS (BLEPHARODON) SPINULOSUS, DC. and var. GLABER, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 75. On the Canadian, and Deer creek; August, September. APLOPAPPUS (BLEPHARODON) RUBIGINOSUS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 240. Sandy bottoms of the Canadian; September. ; APLOPAPPUS (PRIONOPSIS) CILIATUS, DO. Prodr. 5, p. 346; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 98. Prairies on the Canadian; September. APLoPAPPUS (JSoPAPPUS) DIVARICATUS. Isopappus divaricatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 239. Sand-banks of the Canadian, near the Shawnee villages; August. A state with rather larger heads, approaching Isopappus Hookerianus, which most probably is not distinct. APLOPAPPUS (ERICAMERIA) LARICIFOLIUS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 80. White Cliff creek, New Mexico; on hills and rocks. Cañon creek, Western New Mexico. The flowers have all fallen; but there is little doubt about the species, which Dr. Bigelow formerly gathered in the Organ Mountains, near El Paso. AMMODIA OREGANA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. T, p. 321; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p 235, California, on the Stanislaus; May 8. This was also gathered in northern California by the United States South Sea Exploring Expedition, and by Mr. Allen on the Yuba river. STENOTUS LINEARIFOLIUS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 238. Cañon Pass, New Mexico; March 16, 1854; California. Curysopsis HISPIDA, Hook.; Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. T, p. 316. Sandstone rocks and hills, on the Canadian ; August—September. CHRYSOPSIS FOLIOSA, Nutt. 1. c. Hilly prairies on the Canadian; September. Intermediate between C. villosa and C. canescens. HETEROTHECA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 1, p. 315. Cocomungo, California. ۲ š GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA, Hook. d: Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 147 & 351. Hill-sides, at Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus, California; May 7. A narrow-leaved state. ER PENTACHETA AUREA, Nutt. l. ری‎ Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 249. Corte Madera, California ; April Very like Nuttall's original specimens, except that the leaves are broader. APHANTOCHJET, ANov. Gen. Capitulum heterogamum, 8-10-florum; floribus radii 3-5 foemineis, tubulo corolle stylo breviore truncato eligulato; disci 4-5 hermaphroditis, corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformi apice 5-dentata. Involucrum circiter 10-phyllum, biseriale; squamis 29ء‎ 0 4 100 BOTANY. margine lato hyalinis dorso subcarinatis obtusis mucronatis. Receptaculum parvum, alveolato- dentatum. Anthere ecaudate. Styli rami fl. foem. lineari-filiformes prorsus stigmatosi ; fl. herm. plani appendice longa subulato-filiformi hispida superati. Achenia conformia, vel disci substerilia, hirsuta, oblonga, compresso-pentagona, 5-nervia. Pappus e setulis 5 brevissimis ad nervos respondentibus, vix manifestus. Herba annua, tenerrima ; caulibus filiformibus 2—4- pollicaribus erectis parce arachnoideo-villosis ramisque paucis superne nudis monocephalis ; foliis alternis filiformibus integerrimis ; floribus ut videtur luteis mox purpurascentibus. APHANTOCHJETA EXILIS. (Tab. XI.) Hill-sides in the Napa Valley, California; April 25. A delicate, almost capillary little plant, becoming glabrous; the stems or نوی‎ naked above for an inch or so, and terminated by a head of 3 lines in length, below rather leafy, the leaves half an inch or more in length. Scales of the involucre greenish, except the margins, shining, nearly equaling the flowers. Corolla of the ray reduced to a tube, sheathing the aid and about half its length, the apex somewhat obliquely truncate, with no vestige of a ligule. Disk- corollas with rather slender tubes ; the throat dilated, the border equally 5-toothed. Appendages of the style twice the length of the stigmatic portion. Mature achenia not seen. The five rudi- mentary setulz of the pappus do not exceed the hairs of the achenium in length. This curious little Composita exhibits that modification of the Asteroid style which is seen in Pentacheta, Bradburia, Xanthisma, &c. From the technical characters, the genus would fall into De Can- dolles div. Solenogynee. But the genus to which I imagine it is most related has true rays, namely, the California genus Pentacheta, Vutt.; from which it differs mainly in the fewer- flowered heads, the entire suppression of the ege the longer proper tube of the corolla in the disk, and the reduction of the five bristles f the pappus to minute rudiments. The latter مشاہ‎ furnishes the generic name. PERICOME CAUDATA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 81.. On rocky hills at San b caeci New Mexico; October. Also gathered by Dr. Henry on the Mimbres. PERITYLE NUDA, Torr. in Bot. Emory’s Mex. Bound. ined.: herbacea, ramosissima ; foliis plerisque alternis subcordato-rotundis 5-7-lobis crebre laciniato-dentatis incisisve cum em junioribus subpubescentibus glanduloso-viscosis ; involucri sqamis oblongis; ligulis oblongis discum haud superantibus ; appendicibus styli fl. hermaph. brevibus obtusis ; acheniis oblongo- linearibus marginibus villosissimo-ciliatis ; pappo e squamellis hyalinis poten fo zmisaomerclón pilis achenii brevioribus ; aristis omnino nullis. (On the Rio Gila, near the Pimo village. Dr. Parry.) Arroyos and caiions at Williams' River, and on hills near the Colorado of the West ; February 7. Plant a span to a foot or more high, probably annual. Leaves half an inch or more in diameter, moderately lobed, much laciniated and toothed. Heads three or four lines in diameter. Scales of the involucre very thin, hispid-ciliate towards the summit. Disk deep yellow ; the small rays nearly white in the specimen. Receptacle convex, scrobiculate. Disk- corollas 4-toothed. Aehenia a line and a half long, the margin densely villous-hispid. This species, which has no awns to the pappus, together with P. aglossa, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 107, which wants the rays, nearly effects a transition to Pericome, Gray, l. c., p. 81. "The subjoined species, having (so far as the imperfect and scanty specimens show) no pappus at all, and no strong fringe on the margins of the achenium, carries the variations of this genus to an extreme. Perityte Frrcmu (Torr. ined.): herbacea, humilis, viscosissimo-pubescens ; foliis oppositis et alternis cordato-rotundis inciso-crenatis dentibus crenulatis ; involucri squamis oblongis; lig- ulis oblongis discum superantibus ; appendicibus styli fl. hermph. subulatis; acheniis lineari- oblongis 3-4-nervatis ad nervos hirsutulis; pappo plane nullo. California; Rev. Mr, Fitch. Stems or branches three inches long, probably from a depauperate plant, clothed (as are the leaves in a lesser degree) with a glandular and very viscous villous pubescence. Leaves half an ` inch or less in diameter, subcordate, on slender petioles. Heads five to six lines in diameter. Seales of the involucre oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, villous, bearded atthe tip. Receptacle con- vex. Flowers yeliow ; the rays moderately exserted. Disk-corollas 4-toothed, the teeth spar- ingly bearded on the back. Branches of the style tipped with slender and acute, but rather BOTANY. 101 short, appendages. Achenia compressed, usually with two approximate nerves at each margin, Which are barely hirsute, terminated by a small, disk-shaped, rather prominent areola, which is entirely naked, there being no trace of a pappus. Baccuaris Dovarasm, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 400; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 259; excl. syn. P. Pingrea, &c. Along streams; Napa Valley, (male,) and Cocomungo, (female); California, March and April. "The leaves often denticulate. BACCHARIS SERGILOIDEs, (sp. nov.): suffruticosa, glabra, confertim ramosissima ` ramis ramu- lisque angulatis rigidis articulatis sepissime aphyllis; foliis dum adsunt parvis spathulatis uninerviis, ramulorum ad bracteas minimas reductis, capitulis parvis in ramulos confertis sub- sessilibus, masculis magis glomeratis; involucro obovato, squamis multiseriatis appressis glabris oblongis, seu interioribus lanceolatis, fem. acutis, masc, omnibus obtusis ; receptaculo conico subpaleaceo ; acheniis glabris; pappo brevi. Dry arroyos, fifty miles west of the Colorado, western New Mexico. A very bushy, broom-like plant, with small heads, apparently abundant on the Gila, where Colonel Emory and others have gathered specimens. Baccnanrs TEXANA, Gray, Pl Fendl. p. T5. Prairies, &c. Comanche plains, Northwestern Texas ; September. BACCHARIS SALICINA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 258. Sand-banks of the Canadian, near the Shaw- nee villages; August. ' PrvcuEA Feta, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 452. On the Canadian; August. 'TessarIa (PHALACROCLINE) BOREALIS, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 15, € Pl. Wright 1, p. 102. Wil- liams's river; February. STYLOCLINE GNAPHALIOIDES, Nutt, in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., l.c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 267; var. BreELovir: foliis spatulato-oblongis vel sublinearibus ; paleis receptaculi fructiferis dorso multo magis lanatis. (Tas. XIII.) California; along rivulets near Knight's ferry, on the ç“ canislaus river; May. Plant a span high, rather stouter, and with larger and broader leaves, and larger heads than in our specimens of Nuttall's plant; which, however, are poor, and perhaps depauperate. The heads are not larger in Dr. Bigelow's plant than those of S. gnaphalioides are described to be; but the pales are more woolly on the back, which perhaps is more deeply saccate, especially in the upper ones. In both, however, the saccate portion enclosing the fruit is larger than the hyaline wing in the uppermost fructiferous pales. The male flowers are sub- tended by one or two small and linear glabrous pales ; their scanty pappus is sometimes barely denticulate, sometimes barbellate-toothed. Evax (HESPEREVAX) CAULESCENS. Psilocarphus caulescens, Benth. Pl. Hartw. No. 1812, p. 319. (Tas. XL) Napa Valley, California; April 25. This plant is no Psilocarphus, but essentially an Evax. The achenia are obcompressed, and the paleæ barely concave (not com- plicate): the latter are of a firm, chartaceous texture, and persistent on the villous cylindrical receptacle, or the uppermost (which form an involucrate verticil around the 6-8 sterile flowers) herbaceous, all pointless, or nearly so. Achenia smooth. PsrLocARPHUS TENELLUS, Nutt. Le Near San Francisco and Mark Weste creek, California ; April. Quite distinct from P. globiferus, to which Nuttall's P. brevissimus and P. Oreganus are likely to belong. Micropus CALIFORNICUS, Fisch. & Meyer; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 283. Napa valley and Corte Ma- dera, California ; April. EcnrPTA ERECTA, Linn. River banks, Shawneetown, Arkansas; August. BLENNOSPERMA CALIFORNICUM, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 2, p. 272. Rancho of San Geronimo, Cali- fornia; April. PorxMNIA UvenaLta, Linn. Woods, on the Lower Canadian; August. MELAMPODIUM CINEREUM, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 518. Prairies, on the Canadian ; September. BERLANDIERA Texana, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 517. Bottom lands and prairies, on the Canadian and Walnut creek; August. 102 BOTANY. BERLANDIERA LYRATA, Benth. Pl. Hartw.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 78. Plains of the Canadian ; September. ENGELMANNIA PINNATIFIDA, Torr. de Gray. Prairies, on the Canadian ; September. PARTHENIUM INCANUM, H B. K. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 4, p. 260, t. 391. Rocky hills, between the Canadian and the Pecos ; September. EUPHROSYNE XANTHUFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 85. - Cyclachzena xanthiifolia, Fresenius. Bottom of creeks, Comanche plains, Northwestern Texas, September. Iva CILIATA, Willd.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 287. On Deer creek ; August AMBROSIA APTERA, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 527; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 996. On the Canadian ; August. AMBROSIA CORONOPIFOLIA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 291. With the preceding. FRANSERIA AMBROSIOIDES, Cav. Jc. 2, t. 200. Mountain cations, near Bill Williams’ fork ; February, (in fruit.) FRANSERIA DUMOSA, Gray, in Frém. Report 2, p. 316? On the Mohave river, March. Branches, destitute of inflorescence. FRANSERIA TENUIFOLIA, var, TRIPINNATIFIDA, Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 227. Plains, between the Canadian and the Pecos; September. FRANSERIA HOOKERIANA, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 294. Low places, Pecos to Galisteo ; September—October. : FRANSERIA TOMENTOSA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 80. Bottoms of the Canadian ; September. The specimens resemble those of Fendler, and bear mature fruit. X ANTHIUM ECHINATUM, Murray ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 295. On the Canadian river. ZINNIA (DIPLOTHRIX) GRANDIFLORA, Nutt.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 81, & Pl. Wright. 1, p. 105. Dogtown prairies, Northwestern Texas ; September. WYETHIA HELENIOIDES, Nutt.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 82. Alarconia helenioides, DC. Prodr. 5, p.537. Hill-sides, Oakland, اند وروی‎ ; April. WYETHIA AUGUSTIFOLIA, Nult. in Trans. otii: Phil. Soc. t. c.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 300. Hills, near Punta de los Hayes: California ; April. WYETHIA SCABRA, Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 247: foliis linearibus seu lineari-lanceo- latis acutatis (inferioribus sæpe oppositis) integerrimis sessilibus venoso-trinervibus utrinque cum caule stricto gracili ultrapedali hispidulo-scaberrimis ; capitulo solitario nudo ; involucro hemispheerico disco breviore, squamis pluriseriatim imbricatis appressis coriaceis oblongis, ex- terioribus appendice foliosa lineari patente auctis, interioribus pungenti-mucronatis acheniis glaberrimis compresso-quadrangulatis pappo brevissimo calvculiformi irregulariter dentato coronatis. Sand bluffs, near Inscription Rock, on the Puerco of the West, New Mexico. A remarkable species, of which only fruiting specimens were gathered. The stems are over a foot long, and do not show the base; possibly they are only branches, but they are perfectly simple. These, like the leaves, (which are 4 to 6 inches long, and 3 to 7 lines wide,) are very rough with short and close papillose bristles, much as in Helianthus Maximiliani. The short and sparing veins are confluent into a false nerve within the margin on each side, making the leaf appear three-nerved. Head short-peduncled, an inch in diameter. Rays not seen. Disk- corollas slender, glabrous. Achenia about 4 lines long, the angles very acute. This species completes the parallel between Wyethia and Balsamorhiza, having the involucre imbricated as in Balsamorhiza Hookeri, &c., while several species of the latter genus are now known with the entirely foliaceous involucres of Wyethia helenioides, augustifolia, &c. Without doubt, the plant described above is the same as that of Geyer. BALSAMORHIZA MACROPHYLLA, Nutt. l. c.; var. pube minuta molli canescens ; foliis plerisque elongatis (radicalibus subpedalibus) circumscriptione lanceolatis 1-2-pinnatipartitis, segmentis sepe dentatis incisisve; involucri squamis exterioribus magnis foliaceis elongato-oblongis seu سے سی‎ quandoque dentatis. Hill-sides, near Sonoma, California; May. All the species cf group are extremely variable in foliage. I possess only a leaf of Nuttall's B. macrophylla, — E UNA CS BOTANY. 103 and that shows no hoary pubescence; but a specimen from Frémont's collection (which is re- markable for the foliaceous scales of the involucre being as long as the rays, even two inches in length) connects Nuttall's plant with our own. The foliage is more like that of B. Hookeri , (to which B. hirsuta must belong,) but the involucre is very different. BALSAMORHIZA DELTOIDEA, Nutt. l. c.; var. GLABRESCENS. B. glabrescens, Benth. Pl. Hartw., No. 1785, p. 317; but with the leaves for the most part coarsely toothed, and some of them not cordate at the base. Hill-sides, Sonora, California; May. This was also collected by Frémont in his second journey, and is mentioned in the account of some new Composite of that collection (in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.) as a new Balsamorhiza, if not a form of B. deltoidea. There is scarce a doubt that they are all forms of one species. HELIANTHELLA CALIFORNICA (sp. nov.): hirsutula; caule ramoso; ramis apice longe nudis monocephalis; foliis omnibus longius petiolatis lanceolatis seu spathulato-lanceolatis e medio triplinerivis nitidulis ; involucri squamis lineari-subulatis hirsutisligulas subequantibus; acheniis (immaturis) leviter obcordatis glaberrimis ala integerrima apice pappum brevissimum squamel- lato-setulosum gerentibus; aristis atque squamellis intermediis nullis. Napa valley, Califor- nia, on hill-sides; April. The western species of this genus were founded on very incomplete materials, and greatly need revision, But this appears to be different from any before known, on account of the perfectly glabrous, awnless, neither ciliate nor lacerate achenia, with the pappus reduced to a tuft of very minute sete or squamelle at the summit of each smooth and entire wing; and the scales of the involucre are uniformly attenuate-subulate, not at all folia- ceous. The naked peduncles are from 5 to 15 inches long. Leaves slightly scabrous, most of them opposite, 3 to 7 inches long, half an inch or an inch wide, or some of the larger occasion- ally rhomboid-dilated upwards, and these 2 inches wide; the cauline all on petioles of one or two inches in length. ENCELIA CALIFORNICA, Nutt. l. c. ; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 317. Los Angeles, California ; March. ENCELIA FARINOSA, Gray, in Emory's Rep. p. 143. A species of which no character has been published, but which is likely to prove not distinct from the E. nivea, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 27. Gravelly hills on the Colorado of the west; February. HELIOMERIS MULTIFLORA, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. (n. ser.) 1, p. 171; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 171, € Pl. Wright. 2,.p. 81. Banks of streams, San Domingo and New Mexico; October. LEPACHYS CoLUMNARIS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 315. Shawneetown; August. Var. PULCHER- RIMA, Torr. € Gray, l. c. Upper Canadian to New Mexico; September, October. Lepacuys Taceres. L. columnaris, var. Tagetes, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 106. Rudbeckia Tagetes, James, in Long's Exped. 2, p. 68. Prairies on the Canadian; September. This appears to hold its characters, and to claim a place as a distinct species. VIGUIERA LAXA, DC. and V. coRDIFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 107, & 2, p. 88, were collected on the Mimbres, by Dr. Henry. d HELIANTHUS LENTICULARIS, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1265. On the Canadian ; August. : HELIANTHUS PETIOLARIS, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2, p. 115. Pecan creek, a tributary of the Canadian ; August. : HELIANTHUS CILIARIS, DC. Prairies of the upper Canadian; September. A dwarf state of this well-marked species. a | HELIANTHUS RIGIDUS, Desf.; Torr & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 322. Prairies near Walnut creek, of the Canadian ; August. i HELIANTHUS LXTIFLORUS? Pers. ; Torr. & Gray, l.c. Pecan creek, of the Canadian ; August. HELIANTHUS MAXIMILIANI, Schrader ; Torr. € Gray, l. c. Prairies and ravines on the Cana- dian; August. HELIANTHUS GROSSE-SERRATUS, Martens; Torr. & Gray, l. c. p. 326. Bottoms, Deer creek, Ar- kansas; August. pe HELIANTHUS DORONICOIDES, Lam. ; Torr. € Gray, l. c., p. 327. On the Canadian, in low places ; August. 104 BOTANY. ACTINOMERS SQUARROSA, Nutt, Gen. 2, p. 131. Near Shawneetown, on the Canadian river; August. THELESPERMA GRACILIS, Gray in Kew Jour. Bot. 1, p. 252, & Pl. Wright 1, p. 109. Denuded prairies on the False Washita ; August. COSMOS BIPINNATUS, var. PARVIFLORUS, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 90. Plains and pine woods in the mountains near Laguna Blanca ; September ; (in fruit.) BIDENS CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, Michr. San Domingo, New Mexico, in wet places; October. BIDENS TENUISECTA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 86. Banks of the Pecos; October. BIDENS BIPINNATA, Linn. Hurrah creek, in rocky places ; September. Leptosyneé DovaLasIt, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 531. San Gabriel and Cocomungo, California; March. PUGIOPAPPUS, Nov. Gen. Capitulum, etc., fere Coreopsides ; sed flores radii fæminei fertiles ; tubus corolle disci (fauce infundibulari-campanulata haud longior) apice annulatus. Ovaria plano-obcompressa, ovalia, glabra; radii ala angusta cincta, calva; disci marginata, pappo gerentia e squamellis 2 pugioniformibus triquetris, angulis anguste alatis denticulatis, corolla vix dimidio brevioribus, constante. Herba monocarpica, pumila, glabra, subcaulescens, facie Leptosynis; caulibus scapisve sub-1-2-foliatis monocephalis; foliis alternis pinnatisectis, segmentis cum rhachi anguste linearibus ; corollis radii et disci flavis. Pucropappus BreEgrovir. On the Mohave creek, in the desert east of the Colorado; March. The accessions which may be expected are not unlikely to efface the distinctions between several admitted genera, mostly founded on single plants, resembling Coreopsis or Bidens except in hav- ing fertile rays. The present plant, which we possess only in an early flowering state, approaches . the incompletely-known Narvalina, Cass. (a West Indian opposite-leaved shrub) in floral characters, but it could hardly be joined to that genus with our present knowledge. It is to Leptosyne much what Agarista is to some sections of Coreopsis; but it is distinguished by the short tube of the disk-corolla, marked at the summit by a beardless ring, as wellas by the pappus; yet, from the analogous case of Coreopsis, one should not be surprised if future dis- coveries were to connect them. HETEROSPERMUM TAGETINUM, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 81. With the preceding. SANVITALIA ABERTI, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 87, & Pl. Wright. 1, p. 111. La Cuesta; September. XIMENESIA ENCELIOIDES, Cav. Plains from the Canadian to New Mexico ` September. VERBESINA VIRGINICA, Linn.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 359. Prairies on the Canadian; August. FLAVERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Pers.; DO. Prodr. 5, p. 635. Sandy bottoms of the upper Canadian ; September. In all probability not distinct from F. Contrayerba. DysoDIA CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, Lagasca; DC. Prodr. 5, p. 640. Plains from the Canadian to the Galisteo, New Mexico; August—October. HYMENATHERUM (ACIPHYLLEA) ACEROSUM, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 115. Bluffs of the Llano Estacado ; September. YMENATHERUM TENUIFOLIUM, Cass.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 118. Bill Williams’ fork, West New Mexico; February. LowELLIA AUREA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. و91‎ € Pl. Wright. 1, p. 118. Dogtown prairies, on the Llano Estacado, &c.; September. GAILLARDIA PINNATIFIDA, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York 2, p. 214; Torr. € Gray Fl. 2, p. 366. Prairies of the Llano Estacado ; September. GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA, Foug.; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Prairies on the Canadian ; September. PALAFOXIA HOOKERIANA, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 368. Sand-hills on the Canadian, from Shawneetown ; August-September. Pararoxia TExANA, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 125. Shawneetown ; with the foregoing species. CHÆNACTIS GLABRIUSCULA, DC. var. MEGACEPHALA. Hill-sides and near rivulets, at Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus, and Ione valley, California; May. Heads from 6 to 9 lines in length. Flowers yellow ; the ray-corollas conspicuously ampliate. Pappus mostly of 4 silvery pale ; E TC EEN * BOTANY. 105 which in the outermost flowers are often oblong, obtuse, and barely half the length of the corolla, but in the others lanceolate, mostly acutish, and almost as long as the corolla. Al- though the heads are larger than in Douglas” „plant, described by De Candolle, and notwith- standing differences in the characters, yet I think that both these specimens and what I called Chanactis filifolia, in Pl. Fendl. p. 98, belong to C. glabriuscula, DC. For, although De Can- dolle in the generic character assigns 5 or 6 palese to the pappus, I find only four in Hooker's, and his own specimens of C. glabriuscula, and these are in many flowers almost as long as the corolla, although in others (probably from the exterior part of the head) they are only half that length, as De Candolle described them. In this and the allied genera, little reliance is to be placed upon the particular size and shape of these pales. HYMENOPAPPUS FLAVESCENS, Gray, Pl. Fendl., p. 97, & Pl. Wright. 2, p. 94. Dogtown prairies on the Pecos; September. Also, the fine-leaved variety, La Cuesta, New Mexico; Sep- tember 29. HYMENOPAPPUS TENUIFOLIUS, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 142; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 372. Plains and dry arroyos from Hurrah creek to the Galisteo ; September-October. The characters of all the species need revision. The length of the tube of the corolla and rise of the pappus varies con- siderably. This species probably includes H. corymbosus, Var. Nuttallii, Torr. d Gray, l. c. HYMENOPAPPUS LUTEUS, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, l. c.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 94. Sandy, denuded plains, on the Upper Canadian ; September. RIDDELLIA TAGETINA, Nutt.; Torr. in Emory's Hep. t. 5; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 93. Plains, &c., from the False Washita to the Llano Estacado ; August-September. BAHIA OPPOSITIFOLIA, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 656; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 99; Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Rep. t. 3. Prairies, &c., near Hurrah creek, N. W. Texas; September. Banta (ERIOPHYLLUM) CONFERTIFLORA, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 657. Hill sides, Sonora, California. BAHIA (ERIOPHYLLUM) LANATA, Nutt.; DC. Le California; banks of the Mokelumne river, and near Marysville; May: also, Napa Valley ; April: a form with the heads no larger than in B. tenuifolia, DC., but much branched to the top and leafy ; the lobes of the leaves rather broad and short, much laciniate and toothed. Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus; May: the very large form, with the involucre almost half an inch in diameter; the same with Hartweg's No. 1787. BAHIA (ERIOPHYLLUM) ARACHNOIDEA, Fisch. & Lallem. Ind. Hort. Petrop., 1842; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 100. B. latifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 30. Bolinas Bay, California; April. Pappus reduced to a crown of minute palez, shorter than the diameter of the achenium. Ina small collection made by Mr. Wm. A. Wallace, in the vicinity of Los Angeles, there is an in- teresting dwarf Bahia, which, with B. rubella, (an unpublished species found by Dr. Parry in the interior of Califormia,) is intermediate in character between true Bahia and Eriophyllum, and both species are remarkable for having a conical receptacle. The characters are subjoined. Banta WALLACEI (sp. nov.): annua, humilis, e basi diffusa ramosissima, albo-lanosissima ; pedunculis solitariis monocephalis; foliis alternis obovatis vel spathulatis integerrimis ; invo- lucro hemispheerico 8-phyllo lanuginoso, squamis subpatentibus margine scariosis discum sube- quantibus ; ligulis 8 rotundis subintegerrimis aureis ; styli fl. disci ramis cono acuto superatis ; receptaculo conico; acheniis glabellis; pappi paleis 10 brevissimis enerviis obtusissimis. Teyunga, near Los Angeles, California; May; Mr. Wm. A. Wallace. Plant 2 or 3 inches high, but doubtless acquiring a greater size later in the season, white, with a dense covering of long and loose floccose wool, the branches terminated by peduncles of about an inch in length. Leaves numerous, 3 to 6 lines long, tapering into a slight petiole. Involucre 2j lines long and broad ; the scales obovate-oblong, acute, membranaceous, with a hyaline margin. Ligules 13 to 2 lines in length and breadth, either retuse or obsoletely emarginate, three-toothed at the truncate-summit, abruptly contracted at the base into a very short tube. Disk-flowers, 20 or more, like those of true Bahia. Branches of the style much as in Bahia ambrosioides, but with & proportionately larger, triangular, more flattened, acute, and -hispid cone or appendage. 14 r 106 BOTANY. Paleæ of the pappus oblong, or the alternate ones oval, about one-sixth of the length of the corolla, scarcely longer than the breadth of we تست‎ Receptacle proportionately large, ovoid-conical. I append the characters of what must be enger as a new genus, allied to Bahia, Burrielia, and Actinolepis, and remarkable for its multisetose rather than paleaceous pappus. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS, Nov. Gen. u Se multiflorum, heterogamum ; floribus radii 5 ligulatis foemineis ; disci tubulosis‏ و hermaphroditis, Involucrum obovatum, e squamis 5 erectis membranaceis discum «quantibus,‏ Receptaculum convexum, nudum. Corolla glabre; disci infundibuliformes, limbo quinquelobo,‏ lobis lineari-oblongis; ligule breves, late ovales, apice trilobe. Antherx lineares, in appen-‏ dicem lanceolatam longe producte. Styli rami fl. disci appendice triangulata complanata his-‏ pidula conspicua superati. Ovaria oblongo-linearia, hirsuta. Pappus (radii et disci conformis)‏ e setis plurimis (35-40) uniserialibus filiformibus hispidulis aqualibus basi inter se pl. m.‏ coalitis constans, corolla disci paullo brevioribus. Herba monocarpica, e basi ramosa, depressa,‏ floccoso-lanata, deinde glabrescens; foliis alternis cuneato-spathulatis apice trilobatis ; capitulis‏ breviter pedunculatis ; floribus flavis.‏ SYNTRICHOPAPPUS FREMONTII. (Tas. XV.) Gathered by Colonel Fremont (a single specimen) in his journey across the continent in 1853-4, probably in the spring of 1854, and somewhere between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. A small herb, intermediate in habit between Actinolepis, DC., and Bahia $ Trichophyllum. Leaves 6 to 10 lines in length, tapering from the summit into a long, narrowed base. Heads somewhat glomerate on the branches, 3 lines long. Scales of the involucre concave, with narrow scarious margins. Pappus white, com- posed of 30 to 40 uniform and equal slender bristles, which are all usually connate at the very ۰ base into a ring, so as to fall away together; and also for the most part further united in twos, threes, &c.; the combined base somewhat paleaceous. AMBLYOPAPPUS Nxo-Mexicanus. Schkuhria (Amblyopappus vel Achyropappus ligulus nullis) Neo-Mexicana, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 96. Hills and rocky places near La Cuesta, &c., between the Pecos and the Rio Grande ; September. The same as Fendler's No. 458. Except in the want of rays, this is an Achyropappus ; the species of which (along with an unpublished one, gathered by Dr. Bigelow on the Limpio, in 1852, Bahia (Achyropappus) Bigelovii) I am unable to keep generically separate from true Bahia. lts characters accordingly associate it with Am- blyopappus, Hook. & Arn. (Aromia, Nutt. ; Infantea, Remy,) which may perhaps be kept distinct for the sake of convenience, unless, as is likely, radiate and rayless heads should occur in the same plant. VILLANOVA CHRYSANTHEMOIDES, Gray, Pl. Wright 2, p. 96. Rocky plages near Hurrah creek ; September. In a few heads some traces of a chaffy pappus were detected, showing that this is really only an epappose Bahia. MONOLOPIA MAJOR, DC. Prodr. 6, p. 14. A small form, Napa valley, Feather river, &c., Cal- ifornia ; May. MONOLOPIA LANCEOLATA, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad., Philad., n. ser. 1, p. 115. Los An- geles, California ; March. This comes from the same district as Nuttall's M. lanceolata, and was likewise gathered by Coulter, (No. 323.) The leaves are lanceolate, nearly all toothed, and less woolly than those of M. major; but the lowest are opposite, and the scales of the invo- lucre are united to about the middle. LASTHENIA (HoLOGYMNE) GLABRATA, Lindl. ; DC. Prodr. 5, p. 665. Near Tamul-Pass Moun- i tain, California; April 11. BURRIELIA (Barna) CHRYSOSTOMA, Torr. & Gray, Fl.2,p. 379; and var. MACRANTHA. San Francisco ; the variety on hills near Punta de los Reyes, California ; April. The stems, foliage, &c., of the variety accord with the larger states of Burrielia chrysostoma ; but the head is of extraordinary magnitude, the involucral scales being half an inch, and the rays an inch in length. — w — 107 BURRIELIA TENERRIMA, DO. Prodr. 5, p. 663. Cocomungo, California ; March. In the same head some of the flowers present a pappus of a gingle large palea, (awned from a broad base 分 others have a minute rudiment of a palea, the greater number none at all ; thus destroying all claims of Baeria to rank asa genus. Perhaps the epappose state of more than one Burrielia may have been referred to B. chrysostoma. BURRIELIA (DICHATA) LANOSA (sp. nov.): pygmea, arachnoideo-lanata, foliosa ; foliis lineari- bus plerumque integerrimis; capitulo sessili; involucri squamis oblongis ligulisque ovalibus (albis?) 8; antheris appendice setiformi auctis; pappo ex aristis 4 subulatis scabris corolla paullo brevioribus et squamis totidem oblongis obtusis denticulatis alternantibus, Gravelly hills near the Colorado of the West; February. The specimens are barely an inch high from a slender annual root, leafy to the head, and clothed throughout with a loose white wool, They are evidently early seedling plants, flowering at the first approach of spring, but probably branching and increasing considerably in height as the season advances. "They were found growing along with equally pigmy specimens of Eremiastrum bellidioides. Perhaps the wool is deciduous with age. Leaves half an inch long, tapering downwards, one of them is two-lobed atthe apex. Involucre campanulate, two and a half or three lines long, resembling that of a Bahia Eriophyllum. Ligules two lines long, broadly oval, truncate and emarginate or three- toothed at the summit. Disk-flowers yellow. Anthers tipped with a setiform appendage almost of their own length. The intermediate pale of the pappus almost half the length of the aris- tiform ones, which are about two-thirds the length of the disk-corolla. Ovaries linear, minutely hairy. HELENIUM AUTUMNALE, Linn. Springs and wet places on the upper Canadian ; September. A roughish and rigid-leaved state. Hetentum MzxrcANUM, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 4, p. 299; DC. Prodr. 5, p. 666, Bolinas Bay, California; April. The same as No. 357 of Coulter's California collection. "The pappus is from a third to half the length of the disk-corolla, as it is in Humboldt's plant. HELENIUM BieELovi (sp. nov.): subglabrum ; caule bipedali simplici apice longe nudo mono- cephalo vel superne parce ramoso; ramis monocephalis ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis parallele triplinerviis basi plerumque in caulem decurrentibus; ligulis palmatifidis involucri squamis subulatis et disco hemispheerico paullo longioribus ; pappi paleis 5-7 ovato-lanceolatis aristatis corolla 5-dentata tertia parte breviore. Swamps near Santa Rosa Creek, California ; May. Plant, when single-stemmed and simple, with much the aspect of a Leptopoda and of Hecubwa; the striate stem moderately leafy below, its naked summit or peduncle 10 or 12 inches long, thickened under the head. One specimen, however, is considerably branched above. Leaves from 3 to 6 inches long, 3 to 5 lines wide, erect, tapering to each end; the lower ones again dilated at the insertion, and mostly decurrent on the stem into a slight or manifest wing; the radical leaves similar, or rather shorter and broader. Rays numerous and crowded, bright yellow. Disk two-thirds of an inch in diameter, between hemispherical and depressed-globose, as is the receptacle, considerably larger than in any form of H. autumnale, but the rays not 80 long in proportion. This handsome and well-marked species is dedicated to the discoverer. ACTINELLA RICHARDSONII, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. l. c.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 101. Pine and Cedar woods near Galisteo, New Mexico ; October. i ACTINELLA LEPTOCLADA, (sp. nov.): caulibus e caudice perenni crasso multicipiti gracilibus ramosis foliosis; ramis apice longe nudis monocephalis ; foliis lineari-spathulatis, radicalibus in petiolum attenuatis subtrinerviis subtus vel utrin que sericeo tibus, superiorib viridulis; involueri squamis biserialibus oblongis cano-villosis ; receptaculo acute conico; pappi paleis 5 obovato-rotundis integerrimis subito longiuscule aristatis. In mountains and rocky places near Santa Antonita, New Mexico; October. Caudices 1 or 2 inches long, cespitose, clothed with the scaly bases of former leaves mixed with villous hairs, as in other species ; the slender and loosely-branched flowering stems 8 or 9 inches high, 4-6-leaved. Leaves 1 or 2 inches long, ۶ to 3 lines wide, the radical often spatulate and silky-canescent, at least beneath, nearly as in ۰ 108 — acaulis, but the cauline or upper ones green and merely silky-pubescent, strongly punctate. Peduncles or naked branches 3 to 4 inches long, almost filiform. Head small, the involucre barely 3 lines in diameter. Rays 5 to 8, glandular-puberulent underneath. 了 Pappus similar in the disk and ray; the thin silvery scales very obtuse, marked with an indistinct mid-nerve, which is abruptly produced into a slender awn rather shorter than they, and a little shorter than the disk-corolla. Achenia silky-villous. The perennial root, thick caudices, and broader leaves, the lower at least appressed-silky and canescent, distinguish this from any form of A. linearifolia; the much smaller heads, the less silvery foliage, the acute receptacle, and the rounder palezx of the pappus forbid its being viewed as an attenuated form of A. argentea. ACTINELLA ACAULIS, Nutt. l. c.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 389. On the crest of the Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October 10. "The scape, 2 or 3 inches long, and seldom exceeding the linear silvery radical leaves, occasionally bears one or two similar leaves. ACTINELLA SCAPOSA, var. A glabra, Nutt. l. c.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Rocky ridges of the Antelope hills, on the Canadian ; September. This is the same as the A. scaposa var. mutica, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 101; and the pappus is sometimes awnless, sometimes short-awned. It is without doubt the A. glabra of Nuttall, (whose specimen probably came from the same district, not from the Missouri,) but only a narrow-leaved and glabrate form of A. scaposa. ACHYRACHANA MOLLIS, Schauer ; DC. Prodr. T, p. 492. On plains, Benicia and Ione EN California ; April-May. Lara CarnraLossA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 103. Calliglossa Douglasii, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 356. Fields at Benicia, California ; April. LAYIA (CALICHROA) PLATYGLOSSA, Gray, l.c. San Francisco and Los Angeles, California ; March-A pril. - LAYIA (CALLICHROA) PENTACH&TA, (sp. nov.): villoso-hispida ; foliis linearibus, inferioribus parce pinnatifidis, superioribus integerrimis; pappo ex aristis 5 tenui-setiformibus levibus ter se squalibus achenio pubescente et fere corolla equilongis. (Tab. XVI.) Hillsides at Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus, California; May. This adds another to the already numerous species of this genus, which so closely resemble one another that they can scarcely, if at all, be distinguished, except by the pappus, or sometimes by the chaff of the receptacle. The present species falls naturally into the section Callichroa, and is only to be distinguished from the more slender forms of L. platyglossa, perhaps, by the ráther smaller heads and less hairy achenia, but prin- cipally and surely by its pappus of only five lenger and smooth awns. These are slender and bristle-like, naked, and only obscurely denticulate under a strong lens. Receptacle chaffy only at the very margin. Rays cuneate, yellow throughout. Lavra (MADAROGLOSSA) GAILLARDIOIDES, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 148 & p. 357. Napa Valley and Tamul Pass, California; April. This is undoubtedly Hooker and Arnott's species, on which the genus was originally founded. But there is seldom any chaff on the receptacle within the exterior disk flowers, so that it wholly falls into the section Madaroglossa. ۰ Its large rays trifid at the apex distinguish it from L. hieracioides. The fuscous pappus is villous with rather scanty wool only next the base. Lavra (MADAROGLOSSA) CARNOSA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. T, p. 393, de in Torr. & Gray, l. c. Sandy beach, Punta de los Reyes, California ; Te LAYIA (MADAROGLOSSA) HETEROTRICHA, Hook. de Arn., l. c. ; Hook. lc. ze i. 326. Plains at Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus, California; May. LAGOPHYLLA DICHOTOMA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 317. Plains of Feather river, near Marysville, California; May. The rays are bright yellow. The genus is distinguished from Hemizonia by the oboompressed fertile achenia, completely enclosed, by the subtending involucral scale, and by the cuneiform, deeply trifid rays. The habit also is peculiar. Yet the genus may perhaps pass into Hemizonia, although it is more distinct from it than Calycadenia is. HEMIZONIA LUZULGFOLIA, DO. Prodr. 5, p. 692. Hillsides near Benicia, California ; ape ———— ` BOTANY. 109 Dozostz Frrcutt (sp. nov.): annua, pilis longissimis patentibus arachnoideo-villosa ; caule rigido erecto superne demum ramoso ; foliis caulinis elongatis pinnatifidis vel pinnatipartitis, (imis nunc fere bipinnatipartitis,) iis et ramealibus subulato-linearibus integerrimis seu rariter dentatis rigidis pungenti-cuspidatis, floralibus capitulum sessile arcte involucrantibus et bis superantibus ; involucri squamis 7-9 subulatis glandulis nonnullis parvis claviformibus ob- sitis ligulis oblongis apice bidentatis flavis paullo brevioribus; floribus disci (plusquam 30) omnibus paleis receptaculi oblongis scariosis muticis ad apicem ۳ longe crinitis fulcratis ; pappo (fl. disc. ster.) corollam subeequantibus e paleis 8-12 auguste linearibus rigidis basi ^ tubum vel in phalanges sepius pl. m. coalitis superne fimbriato-barbatis ; ovariis radii apice ` valde gibbosis. Plains of the Sacramento, California; May ; where it was وی متس‎ detected by the Rev. Mr. Fitch. A well-marked and peculiar species, which will fall into none of the sections of the genus, as they are limited in the Flora of North America; but in some respects it approaches that section of Calycadenia which is formed of Nuttall's Osmadenia, and of which some additional species are now known. The present plant has a rigid and usually stout stem, from three to twelve inches high, at first simple, and terminated by a single sessile head, (of about an inch in diameter,) at length corymbosely branched, often from within the circle of involucrate leaves, so as to appear proliferous. Cauline leaves of linear outline, two to three inches long ; the rigid and springy-pointed rameal ones an inch or less in length, often fascicled. Ligules three lines long, including the tube. Lobes of the disk-corolla short, ovate. Recep- tacle chaffy throughout; the pales distinct, partly wrapped around the disk-flowers. The very immature fertile achenia are obovate-trigonal, with a short inflexed stipe, a large dorsal hump, and a short inflexed apical beak. HEMIZONIA CONGESTA, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 692. California. Besides these specimens, I have seen no indigenous ones except those of Douglas, who seems to have collected it sparingly. I have, however, a specimen taken from a plant raised in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, in 1850, from seeds received the previous year from the London Horticultural Society, under the name of “ Madaria corymbosa.” Indeed, it is distinguishable from Madaria by the shape of the fertile achenia alone. The foliage and young parts are more cinereous and soft-downy than in Ma- daria, and many of the leaves are serrulate-toothed.! MADARIA ELEGANS, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 692. Hill-sides, Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus River; May. Mantz sativa, Molina; DC., Le With the preceding, and in Napa Valley. MADIA RACEMOSA, Nutt. in Jana, Amer. Phil. Soc. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, p. 405. 4lill-sides, with the preceding. HARPACARPUS MADARIOIDES, Nutt., Le: Torr. € Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, p. 406. Hill-sides, Napa Valley ; April: a small ede and Knight's Ferry ; May: a e state. CALYCADENIA CEPHALOTES, DO. Prodr. 5, p. 695; also, C. multiglandulosa, DC. l. c., which is a more elongated and glandular state. Hill-sides and plains, Knight's Ferry, on the Stanis- laus; May. MARUTA Coruna, DO. Prodr. 6, p. 13. Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus, California ; May. Doubtless introduced. AcHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, Linn. Stony mountain streams, New Mexico; October: Benicia, California ; April. PLENIRADIATA, Harv. & Gray, in Pl. Fendi. p.106. Gravelly hills and arroyos,‏ هو New Mexico; October-November.‏ BAILEYA MULTIRADIATA, Harv. de Gray, l. c.; Torr. in Emory, Rep. p. 144, t. 6. Williams” River; February. MATRICARIA DISCOIDEA, DC. Prodr. 6, p. 52. Corte Madera, California; April. 1 Hemizonia filipes, Hook. & Arn., is doubtless a third Lagophylla, L. sur, Hartmannia ciliata, DC., is surely Oxyura chrysanthemoides. There is no specimen in the Candollean herbarium ; whence I suppose that De Candolle had dis- covered the fact and united the specimens, but omitted to erase the species under Hartmannia from his manuscript. 110 BOTANY. Coruna CORONOPIFOLIA, Linn.; DO. l. c. p. (8. Swampy places, Benicia, California; April. Laguna, near San Francisco, Mr. H. G. Bloomer. Dr. Bigelow does not seem to have thought this an introduced plant; but it was probably brought to California from the Old World. .ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES, Pursh., Fl. 2, p. 142; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 416. Rocky hills along the Canadian River; August. ARTEMISIA CAUDATA, Micha. Fl. 2, p. 139. Sandy bottoms of the Canadian ; September. ARTEMISIA FILIFOLIA, Torr. in ten Lyc. New York 2, p. 211, & in ۶8 ions t. 12, Rocky hills on the Canadian ; August. ARTEMISIA BIGELOVII (sp. nov.): fruticosa, humilis, incana; foliis utrinque albo-sericeis cuneato-linearibus seu augustissime cuneatis apice tridentatis, floralibus parvis integerrimis ; capitulis obovatis parvis glomeratis longe spicato-paniculatis ; involucro tomentoso seepissime trifloro ; floribus 2 hermaphroditis, unico foemineo ; corolla glabra. Rocks and cañons on the Upper Canadian and Llano Estacado. A much branched, shrubby species, apparently only a foot high, and of the section Abrotanum; very canescent all over, the crowded leaves and branchlets with a fine and close silvery sericeous pubescence, the heads (which are glomerate, into a strict and virgate, interrupted, spicate panicle, of fully the length of the leafy branches) more tomentose. Leaves 3 to 7 lines long, 1 to 2 lines broad at the truncate and 3-toothed or 3-lobed apex, thence tapering to the base, equally silky-canescent on both sides, the broader ones triplinerved above; the floral ones very small, filiform-linear, entire, scarcely as long as the glomerules they subtend. Heads a line and a half long, usually three-flowered, sometimes only two-flowered, but one of them always slender and pistillate only, apparently all of them fertile. Scales of the involucre oblong, obtuse; the exterior with slight scarious margins, the innermost scarious, villous-ciliate. "This might be mistaken for a small and narrow-leaved stato of A tridentata, Nutt. ; but the heads are amellus; more hoary, fewer-flowered, and heteroga- mous, while in that species (rightly referred to the section Seriphidium) the flowers are all her- maphrodite. ARTEMISIA LUDOVICIANA, Nutt.: an entire-leaved variety. Hills and plains, with the last cies. ad iore FRIGIDA, Willd.; DC. Prodr. 6, p. 125. La Cuesta, New Mexico; on mountains and plains; September. Finago PARVULA, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 432. Hill-sides, Napa Valley, California; April. Plant a span to nearly a foot high, the fascicles of capituli terminating the corymbose branches. Involucral scales and chaff mostly obtuse, the exterior with a narrowed a ANTENNARIA LUZULOIDES, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 430: var. foliis inferioribus oblongo-spath- ulatis, A. argentea, Benth. Pl. Hartw. no. 1810, p. 319. Duffield's Ranch, in the Sierra Nevada, California; May. The male plant only. Stem 12 to 18 inches high. Scales of the involucre either white or tinged with vo diti GxaPHALIUM CALIFORNICUM, DO, Prodr. 6, p. 224. San Francisco. Punta de los Reyes; April. San Gabriel ; March. GyapHatiom SPRENGELIL, Hook. de Arn. Between the upper Canadian and the Rio Grande, New Mexico. Cocomungo, California ; March. GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE, Nutt.; Torr. de Gray, Fl. 2, p. 427. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River, California; May ; on the sides of rivulets. Albuquerque, New Mexico; October: the variety with smooth achenia, GNAPHALIUM PURPUREUM, Zinn. San Francisco; April. GNAPHALIUM MICROCEPHALUM, Nutt,; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p. 124. Rocky places. Hurrah Creek, New Mexico ; September. GNAPHALIUM STRICTUM (sp. nov.): annuum, cano-lanatum ; caule simplici stricto; foliis an- gustissime linearibus elongatis; capitulis in axillis arcte glomeratis ; ; glomerulis نو میتی‎ folioso-bracteatis foliis multo brevioribus longe interrupto-spicatis ; ; involuero campanulato, squamis exterioribus lanceolatis subfuscis, intimis linearibus apice albidis; acheniis levibus. e, BOTANY. 111 Banks of the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque; October. Stems 3 to 9 inches high, virgate. Leaves uniform from the base to the apex of the stem, an inch or an inch and a half long, rather crowded, almost filiform. Heads rather larger than those of G. uliginosum, densely congested into woolly capitate glomerules, one in each axil, and forming a long and virgate, interrupted, leafy spike. Flowers very numerous. Receptacle broad and flat. Involucre about the length of the disk. To this apparently well-marked species belongs a specimen gathered y Frémont, in his first expedition, on the Sweet-water of the Platte. Its strict and virga stems and inflorescence, and the very narrow leaves, distinguish it at once from G. uliginosum and any allied species. . SENECIO FILIFOLIUS, Nutt. var. Jamesin, Torr. de Gray, Fl. 2, p. 444; and var. FREMONTII, Torr. € Gray, l. c. Rocky hills of the Upper Canadian ; September. SENECIO LoNGILOBUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw. var. Rocky places, Hurrah Creek, New Mexico ; September. ; Senecio FENDLERI, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 108. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. The specimens exactly accord with those of Fendler's collection. SENECIO EREMOPHILUS, Richards.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 108. Mountain arroyos, near Santa Antonita, New Mexico; October. M ENECIO EURYCEPHALUS, Torr. & Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 109, var. MAJOR; foliis tantum pinnati- fidis, radicalibus superne integris inferne dentatis rariter laciniato-lobatis. On plains, near Murphy's, California; May. The heads and flowers accord with those of Frémont's and Hart- weg's specimens of S. eurycephalus; but the plant is larger, apparently 3 or 4 feet high; the cauline leaves are 6 to 9 inches long, lanceolate in outline, obtuse, laciniate-pinnatifid, with irregular and unequal oblong lobes; the radical leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, sparingly and irregularly pinnatifid only at the base. All these species may be expected to be polymorphous in foliage. . ; SENECIO EXALTATUS, Nutt.; Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 439. Hill-sides, near Downieville, Cali- fornia ; May. ENECIO EXALTATUS, Nutt., var. UNIFLOSCULUS. Hill- ides, Grass Valley, California; May. A slender form, and with a solitary ray, or sometimes perhaps rayless. ENECIO ARONICOIDES, DC. Prodr. 6, p. 426. Hills, near San Francisco and Punta de los Reyes; April. Also, with slightly-toothed leaves and few heads, Duffield's Ranch, in the Sierra Nevada ; May. SENECIO CALIFORNICUS, DC. l. c., var. foliis caulinis laciniato-pinnatifidis. Cocomungo, Cali- fornia, in sandy plains; March. This appears to differ from S. Californicus, $. DC., only in the laciniate-pinnatifid or toothed leaves. The heads are larger than in Nuttall's S. Coronopus. Senecio BreELovir (sp. nov.): glabra; caule simplici e radice perenni apice racemoso-3-15- cephalo foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis argute calloso-dentatis in petiolum longum margi- natum contractis, supremis lanceolatis basi augusta semiamplexicaulibus; capitulis magnis nutantibus homogamis ; involucro late campanulato 10—12-phyllo basi bracteolis paucis brevibus setaceis calyculato, squamis acutis equalibus, exterioribus lanceolatis, interioribus latioribus Scarioso-marginatis; ligulis nullis; acheniis glaberrimis. In mountain arroyos, near Camp Douglas, New Mexico; October. Plant entirely glabrous. Stem rather stout, erect, 18 inches to 2 feet or more in height, rather leafy to the top; the uppermost leaves reduced to bracts. Lower leaves 3 to 5 inches long, abruptly contracted at the base into a margined or winged petiole of 2 or 3 inches in length ; the upper successively narrower and with shorter petioles, or at length sessile. Heads racemose, nodding on the summit of erect and naked or slightly bracteolate peduncles of 1j to 3 inches in length, very large for a Senecio, from half to three quarters of an inch in length and breadth, many-flowered. Involucre rather fleshy, a little shorter than the flowers, very minutely bracteolate ; the scales 5 or 6 lines long, herbaceous, with abrupt hyaline-scarious margins, which on the alternate and interior scales are broad and 112 BOTANY. conspicuous. Corollas yellow, narrowly infundibuilform-tubular, rather deeply 5-toothed at the summit, externally callous-thickened, and reticulated at the tip. Stamens, style, &c., as in Senecio. Achenia linear, perfectly glabrous, strongly ribbed or angled, fully 3 lines long. Pappus soft and fine, white, minutely scabrous. This striking species may perhaps be taken for a Cacalia ; but I see nothing to distinguish it from Senecio. There is no North American ^ with which I can compare it, except S. Frémontii, Torr. & Gray, which has much aller and radiate heads. HAPLOESTHES GREGGII, Gray, Pl. Fendi. p. 109. Gypsum hills, on the Upper Canadian ; September. CIRSIUM UNDULATUM, Spreng.; DC.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 456. Plains of the Upper Cana- dian to Anton Chico, in the mountains ; September. CIRSIUM ALTISSIMUM, Spreng.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. Woods, near Shawneetown; August. ** Stem 10 feet high.’ CrRSIUM CALIFORNICUM (sp. nov.): elatum, ramosum ; foliis caulinis lanceolatis basi sub- decurrentibus infra medium sinuato-pinnatifidis denticulatis spinulosis supra glabris vel glabratis subtus ramisque arachnoideis ; capitulis longe pedunculatis hemispheericis ; involucro ebracteato glabwato, squamis subulato-lanceolatis superne subfoliaceis patulis spinula brevi cuspidatis. Hill-sides, near Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus, California; May. Only the upper part of an apparently tall plant was collected. The largest leaves (upper cauline) are 5 or 6 inches long, an inch wide, obtusely sinuate-pinnatifid from the middle to the base, the summit entire; the upper surface green, sparingly arachnoid when very young, soon glabrous and smooth, the lower clothed with a thin and whitish arachnoid wool, not more dense than that of C. lanceolatum. Heads solitary, terminating nearly naked branches or peduncles of 5 to 8 inches long, erect, rather smaller than those of C. lanceolatum. Scales of the involucre occupying only about ve series, slightly arachnoid, soon glabrous, smooth ; the coriaceous base appressed ; the upper half of all except the innermost spreading, and more or less green, narrow, tapering into a small prickle of not more than two lines in length. Flower apparently pale purple or pink. Pappus not very copious, 7 lines long. ONOPORDON ACANTHIUM, Linn. ? San Francisco; April. The heads undeveloped. SILYBRUM MARIANUM, Gertn. Stanislaus River, near Knight's Ferry, California; May. A single specimen occurs in the collection ; its ticket has no indication of the plant being other- wise than indigenous ; but it was doubtless introduced from the south of Europe. PEREZIA NANA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 111, € Pl. Wright. 1, p. 125. Plains, near Laguna Colorado, New Mexico ; September. i CALAIS MACROCHETA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 112, adn.* San Francisco, California; April. The *'T'he recent accessions to this group of plants render the union of Scorzonella, Nutt. and Ptilophora, Gray, Pl. Fendl. l. c., with ealais inevitable, as will be seen by the following synoptical view : S, DC. Prodr. 7, p. 85, char. auct. Capitulum multi- -(rarius pauci)-florum. Involucrum cylindraceum vel campanulatum, aut simplex — calyculatum, aut imbricatum pauciseriale. Receptaculum epaleaceum planum. Achenia teretia, 10—14-costata, aut erostria aut sursum rostra attenuata. Pappus simplex, e paleis scariosis aristatis 5-10 vel 14-22, aristis scabris barbellatis vel ا ا‎ Herbe America Boreali-Occidentalis, scapis ramisve superne longe nudis monocephalis, floribus flavis. 1. Carocarar, DC. Achenia gracilia, apice attenuata vel breviter rostrata. Pappus (sepissime niveus) e paleis 5 apice bifidis ex sinu aristam nudam proferentibus. Involucri squame exteriores breviores. Ligule breves vix e: onocarpi — n subcaulescentes. 1 LINEARIFOLIA, DC. l. c., excl. syn. C. eda DC. + t; LI bobtusis, GC DS, STE gradi ےن‎ tir. 3. C. Parryi (sp. nov.): scaposa, fere glabra ; linen q brevioribus; pappi paleis oblongis apice bifidis arista e sinu exserente barbellato-scabra midi brevioribus. Near San Diego, California, Dr. Parry. (Achenia not seen.) $2. EucaLars, DC. Achenia breviora, linearia vel oblonga basi attenuata, erostria, apice truncata, extima villosa. Pappus (sordidus vel rufidulus) e paleis 5 integris in arístam barbellato-scabram productis. Involucrum basi calyculatum ; squame propriz inter se equales. Ligule breviuscule, exserte. Monocarpice, leptorhize, sca 4. C. Dovetasn, DC. L. c. BOTANY， 113 specimens are barely in flower, and therefore too young for ascertaining the form of the achenia. But the pappus and the lanceolate very taper-pointed involucral scales are just as in C, macro- cheeta, and the whole plant resembles the Oregon specimens, except that the leaves are mostly pinnatifid with longer linear lobes; a character of no specifie value in this and other Cichora- ceous genera, and not uniform in these specimens. These plants, like so many others of the same and similar regions, spring from seed apparently in the autumn, and flower in the vernal season ; so that one'is in doubt whether to call them annuals or biennials, between which there is no marked distinction in such climates. CALAIS Dovenastt, DO. Prodr. T, p. 85. Low or wet places, Mark West's creek, California ; April. A depauperate state, with slender and only about 10-flowered heads, none of the ex- terior achenia hirsute. Still the few specimens gathered (mixed with another species) cannot safely be regarded as specifically distinct from C. Douglasii. CALAIS BraELovi (sp. nov.): scaposa, spithamea; foliis pinnatipartitis, lobis plerumque crebris linearibus acutis, majoribus sepe laciniatis; involucro calyculato; acheniis oblongo- turbinatis apice truncatis, (nec rostratis nec sursum angustatis,) externis villosissimis ; pappi paleis 5 oblongo-ovatis in aristam barbellulatam iisdem longiorem subito productis. (Tab. XVII.) Corte Madera, California; April. This species is most nearly related to C. Douglasii; but the heads are smaller and shorter; the (ovate-lanceolate) scales of the involucre broader; the achenia barely 2 lines long when apparently full grown, and tapering from the broad truncate summit to the base, the exterior densely villous, the others smooth, or nearly so ; the fuscous palew of the pappus are of nearly the length of the achenium, their strong midnerve produced abruptly from the apex into an arwn, which is about a third longer than the palea itself. CALAIS CYCLOCARPHA (sp. nov.): scarpsra, glaberrima; foliis scapis dimidio brevioribus in. tegris et pinnatifidis, lobis integerrimis; involucro calyculato; acheniis oblongis sub apice truncato levissime contractis, extimis villosissimis; pappi paleis 5 orbiculatis integris achenio dimidio arista barbellulata circiter triplo brevioribus. (Tab. XVIII.) Napa Valley, California, on grassy plains and hill-sides; May. Root annual, slender, as in all the species of true Calais. Leaves 5 to 9, the naked scapes 6 to 18, inches long. Involucre 5 to 6 inches long, campanulate, glabrous, of 10 or 11 ovate-lanceolate equal proper scales, and of 6 or 7 very short 5. C. Beton, sp. nov. Vide supra. 6. C. CYCLOCARPHA, sp. nov. Vide supra. 7. C. PLATYCARPHA (sp. nov.): pappi paleis latissime ovalibus integerrimis brevissime aristatis. San Luis Rey, California, Dr. Parry. $3. APHANOCALAIS. Achenia clavato-oblonga, erostria, apice obtuso areola parva terminata ! omnia glabra. Pappus Scorzo- nelle, sed paleis multum paucioribus (1-5) et deciduis, quandoque nullus! Involucrum fere Eucalaidis, 8-12 florum. Ligule ` exserte. Herbula scaposa monocarpica, radice exili. 8. C. TENELLA, Sp. nov. Vide supra, p. 112. E $4. ScorzoNELLA. (Scorzonella, Nutt.) Achenia brevia, truncata, hand apice vix basi angustata. Pappus e paleis 10 brevissimis lato-ovatis integerrimis, arista capillari scabro-denticulata multoties brevioribus, constans. Involucri squame im imbri i . Caules subramosi plures, e radice perenni tuberosa fusiformi. سیک‎ Zeg lacin o e ck: p. 301. Scorzonella laciniata and S. leptosepala? Nutt. $5. ANacaLArs. Achenia linearia, erostria, omnia glabra. Pappus (sordidus) e paleis 6-9 vel etepissime 10 lanceolatis in- tegerrimis in aristam longam barbellatam desinentibus. Involucri squame su imbricate, acuminate. Ligule exserte, elongate. Caulis simplex e radice bienni? gracili vel subfusiformi, basim versus foliosus. 10. C. syuvatica. Vide supra, p. 112. Scorzonella sylvatica, Benth. Pl. Harto. p. 320. (Ptilophora, Gray, non Kutzing.) Achenia oblongo-linearia, erostrata. Pappus (albus) e paleis 14-22 $ 6. PrıLopHoRa. Ligule exserte. brevissimis aristam prelongam molliter plumosam gerentibus. Involucri squame ineequales, extime brevio. es. Caules ramosi, e radice perenni fusiformi vel . 11. C. surans. Crepis nutans, Geyer. Plilophora nutans, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 113. né Lapis رسود بت‎ ad ec? the preceding to rank as distinct from Calais, but too close a ósea is found in section 5. The name Ptilophora is preoccupied inthe Alge. Still it may serve to designate a subgenus in the present instance ; otherwise the latter may be called Ptilecalais. 15r 114 BOTANY. and small calyculate ones. Flowers numerous. Achenia only 3 lines long, terete and strongly 10-ribbed in the manner of the genus, narrowed at the base, very slightly contracted underncath the large and truncate summit, the inner ones scabrous on the ribs. Palez of the pappus of a firm scarious texture, overlying each other in a convolute manner, or else imbricated, a line and a half long, and of equal breadth, whitish, appressed-puberulent or scabrous externally (at least the exterior ones) as in ۳ 4 gentrally, entire, or erose-denticulate near the summit, where the thick midnerve is abruptly produced into a long and rather stout arwn. This is well distinguished by the pappus, &c., from any one yet described, and is most nearly related to an unpublished species (C. pliiyéarpháj found by Dr. Parry at San Luis Rey, of which better: materials are wanted, but which appears to be clearly distinguished by the larger pales of the pappus, tipped with very short arwns. Both in the achenia and the pappus C. cyclocarpha makes an approach to Scorzonella. CALAIS (APHANOCALAIS) TENELLA (sp. nov.): annua, scaposa, fere glabra; foliis linearibus in- tegerrimis et laciniato-pinnatifidis scapo filiformi subeequilongis ; capitulo 8-12-floro ; involucro calyculato, squamis lanceolatis obtusiusculis; acheniis conformibus glabris oblongo-clavatis erostratis, areola terminali parva; pappo aut nullo aut ssepius e paleis 1-5 brevissimis lato- deltoideis in aristam tenuem nudam iisdem multoties longiorem productis decidius. (Tab. XVII.) Napa Valley, California, in plains and grassy places; May. (On the Sacramento river, Rev. Mr. Fitch.) Plant about a span high, slender, glabrous. Head nodding before anthesis. Involucre 3 lines long, of 7 to 10 equal scales, and of 5 or 6 minute calyculate scales. Corolla yellow, Achenia nearly 2 lines long, narrowed at the base, not at all contracted towards the summit, strongly 10-ribbed, the ribs upwardly scabrous, the apex obtuse, but not truncate, the terminal areola being much smaller than the diameter of the achenium. Some of the achenia are destitute of pappus, at least in many specimens ; others in the same head bear from one to four, or sometimes five, capillary, barely scabrous arwns, which are abruptly dilated at the base into a very short and broad palea, just as in Scorzonella laciniata. So that this connects Scor- zonella, and the following connects Ptilophora, with Calais. CALAIS (ANACALAIS) SYLVATICA. Scorzonella sylvatica, Benth. 71 Hartw. No. 1815, p. 320. Sonora, California ; on hills; May. The slender but sometimes fusiform-thickened root is that of a biennial. Pappus sordid, of 6 to 9, or more commonly 10 paleæ ; the long arwns strongly barbellate, almost plumose. The leaves in these specimens are scarcely, if at all, pinnatifid. On Mark West's creek, April 30, in low wet places, was gathered a specimen of what may (on account of an intermediate form gathered by Dr. Stillman) be received as a variety of this species, with the involucral scales all lanceolate and taper-pointed, and the arwns of the pappus ومع[‎ strongly barbellate. Rarivesquia Neo-MexicaNa, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 103. Gravelly hills of the Rio Colorado ; February. In the single specimen the rays of the pappus are only 8, or even sometimes fewer. STEPHANOMERIA MINOR, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. T, p. 427. Plains, between the Canadian and the Rio Grande, New Mexico; September, This and S. runcinata are doubt- less the same. LYGODESMIA JUNCEA, Don; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 295, t. 103. Buffalo plains, Upper Canadian ; September. ۱ PYRRHOPAPPUS CAROLINIANUS, DO. Prodr. dá p. 144. Beavertown, Arkansas; and on the grassy bottoms of the Rio Grande, New Mexi MACRORHYNCHUS RETRORSUS, Benth. Pl. Hari. No. 1817, p. 320. Hill-sides, Sonora, Cali- fornia; May. Plant stouter than Hartweg's specimens, and the fully developed head larger, but otherwise the same. Stems a foot high. Head from an inch to an inch and a half, or in fruit two inches long, cylindraceous, or at length cylindrical; the scales of the involucre all acute, somewhat tinged with purple; the exterior short, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obscurely liaceous above. Achenia all alike, oblong, smooth, and glabrous, حسم کو‎ ribbed —— —— BOTANY. 115 ‘and angled, somewhat muricate-toothed in a ring at the abrupt origin of the very long and capillary beak, which is more than thrice the length of the achenium. The latter is only 2] lines long, while the beak is three-fourths of an inch long ; the pappus fully half an inch long. The lobes of the leaves are all retrorse and callous-tipped, as described by Mr. Bentham. MACRORHYNCHUS GRANDIFLORUS, Torr. € Gray, Fl. 2, p. 492, (Stylopappus grandiflorus, Nutt.) : var. involucri squamis exterioribus aut ovatis appendice acuminatis aut oblongo-lanceo- . latis. Hill-sides, Napa Valley, near Sonoma; May. Head in fruit an inch and a half long, broader and proportionally shorter than in M. retrorsus, the external calyculate scales more foliaceous and spreading. Achenia smooth and glabrous, oblong, acutely ribbed and angled, barely 2} lines long, abruptly tapering into a filiform beak of three-fourths of an inch in length; the pappus only 4j lines long. "This may be a larger state of M. laciniatus, (of which I have only a miserable flowering specimen,) but it plainly passes into M. grandiflorus. The achenia differ from those of M. retrorsus, and the lobes or laciniz of the leaves are either spreading or ascending. MAcRORHYNCHUS HUMILIS, Benth. Pl. Hartw. No. 1816, p. 320. Hills, near Punta de los Reyes, California; April. The leaves are larger and more glabrate than in my specimen of Hartweg's plant; the scape 6 to 10 inches high. The fusiform achenia are from 13 to 2 lines long; the external rather longer than the inner ones; the latter more strongly and sharply ribbed, as Mr. Bentham remarks. The beak, though apparently fall grown, is not longer than the achenium. If it varies so as to be * more than twice the length of the achenium,'" as Bentham characterizes the species, then it must pass, I should think, into M. Lessingii, Hook. d Arn.; of which we have no fruiting or certain materials; but itis said to have the beak “ nearly thrice the length of the achenium.”” MACRORHYNCHUS HETEROPHYLLUS, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Le: Torr. & Cray, Fl. 2, p.493. M. Chilensis, Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6,p.256. Fields, Benicia and San Geronimo Ranch, California; April. This abounds in California. and Oregon, where it is the only annual Species known. Hooker pronounces this to the M. Chilensis; and it doubtless must be so considered, if that is held to include all the Chilian species. But the short wing-ribbed achenium (14 to 2 lines long) and long beak (of 3 to 43 lines) distinguish it from M. levigatus, and less decidedly from M. pterocarpus, to one or the other of which Lessing's M. Chilensis is referred, though in neither are the achenia ** plano-obcompressed.”? The ribs or wings of M. heterophyllus vary considerably in strength; they are scarcely, if at all, serruelate. When less salient and acute, they remain straight and even ; when more developed, especially in the ex- terior achenia, these wings become strongly undulate at or before maturity, sometimes very strikingly so, giving the body of the achenium a remarkable corrugated appearance. Some different state of the marginal achenia has probably served as the basis of Nuttall's Crypto- pleura Californica ; but I have seen nothing that accords with his character of it. -“TROXIMON PARVIFLORUM, Nutt. in Trans Amer. Phil. Soc. l. c., p. 434. Macrorhynchus cyn- thioides, Hook. Pl. Geyer, in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 256, ex char. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. The specimens, with mature fruit, are taller than Nuttall’s ; the scapes 9 inches high ; the scales of the involucre tinged with purple, and the ligules of a remaining flower appear to have been purple. I suspect that T. roseum, Nutt., is only a variety of this with pinnatifid leaves and purplish or rose-colored flowers. 1 should confidently refer the present specimens to Macrorhynchus purpureus, Gray, Pl. Fendl., were it not for the short and stouter beak, of less than half the length of the body of the achenium ) and the pappus is, perhaps, a little stiffer. Whether the difference holds constant or not, it is evident that the present plant effects a real transition between Troximon and Macrorynchus. MULGEDIUM PULCHELLUM, Nutt. l. c. Banks of the Pecos, New Mexico ; October. SONCHUS OLERACEUS, Linn. Near San Gabriel, California ; March. 116 BOTANY. LOBELIACEZ. DowNINGIA PULCHELLA. Clintonia pulchella, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1909; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 362. C. corymbosa, DC. Prodr. 1, p. 347. Borders of eng on the Stanislaus River; May 8: and Santa Rosa creek; May 1. As the Clintonia of Rafinesque was published some years earlier than Douglas', we propose to dedicate this beautiful genus of annuals, now so frequent an ornament of our gardens, to the memory of the late A. J. Downing, Esq., whose name, in every part of the world, is associated with horticulture.* CAMPANULACEX. HETEROCODON RARIFLORUM, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 8, p. 255. Grassy plains, Napa Valley, California; May 5. Dr. Parry and Rev. Mr. Fitch also found this plant in Cali- fornia. It is a neat and very delicate annual, with flowers only 2 or 3 lines in diameter. Dismicopon CALIFORNICUM, Nutt. l. c. Plains and mountains near Marysville, California ; May 25. Very near D. ovatum, and perhaps not distinct from that species. The uppermost flowers are nearly as large as in D. perfoliatum, and blue. GITHOPSIS SPECULARIOIDES, Nutt. l. c. Hill-sides and plains along the Stanislaus and Sacra- mento, also at Martinez; April—May. . Most of the specimens belong to the vari. hirsuta, of Nuttall 1. c. ERICACEZE. VACCINIUM OVATUM, Pursh; Dunal, in DC. Prodromus 7, p. 570. Mountains near Oakland ; April 4. ARBUTUS Menzies, Pursh Fl. 1, p. 282; DC. l. c., p. 582. Mountains near Oakland, and in other parts of California A tree 40 feet high. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS TOMENTOSA, Dougl.; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 585. Xerobotrys tomentosus, cordifolius, etc., Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Los Angeles; March 22. A shrub 4 or 5 feet high. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS GLAUCA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub t. 1191? Xerobotrys glaucus, Nutt. l. c. Hills near Downieville; May 21. “ARCTOSTAPHYLOS PUNGENS, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3, p. 278; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3021. A. Hookeri, Don. Andromeda? venulosa, DC. Xerobotrys venulosus, etc., Nuit. Daphnidos- tylis pungens Hookeri, Klotzsch, in Linnea 24, p. 81. Hills near Downieville, and San Francisco; May 22: in flower. N apa Valley ; p 25: with old fruit.* AZALEA OCCIDENTALIS, Torr. d: Gray, Fl. ined. A. calendulacea, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 321. Rhodedendron calendulaceum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 362. Laguna de Santa Rosa, in low and wet ravines; May 1l. Differs from A. calendulacea, among other characters, in its white flowers. PYROLA CHLORANTHA, Nutt. Gen. ,ا‎ p. 273; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 46. Hills near Devan Yuba river ; May 22. PHILA MENZIESII, ‘Book: Fl. Bor.-Amer. p. 49,1. 138. C. dasystemon, Haw. Supp. Hill- sides near Downieville, geg, unexpanded flower buds.) PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDEA, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 269; Torr. Fl. N. York 1, p. 458. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 11, (in fruit) The only specimen collected is more than two feet ek * K inth (Enum. 5, p. 156, adnot.) proposed to change the later name of Lindley to Wittia, in honor of the same distinguished statesman and patron of science (De Witt Clinton) to whom the earlier genus was dedicated. But it would be inadmissible to bestow two genera on the same person. 2 “The genera recently severed from Arctostaphylos are not well founded. Different سد‎ of A. Uva: Ursi, both American and European specimens, exhibit the characters of geogr — Klotzsch, Xerobotrys, Nutt., and even of Comarosathtphylis, Zuce. Indeed, one of Klotzsch’s new species o f Daphnidostylis (D. Fendleri) is only /0 - 0 Uva Ursi” Gray, Mss U BOTANY. 117 BARCODES SANGUINEA, Torr. in Smithson. Contrib. 6, p. 19, t. 10. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 12. Fine specimens, in full flower, of this rare plant were collected by Dr. Bigelow. They differ from Fremont's only in the scales being more strongly ciliate. PLANTAGINACEZ. (By A. Gray.) PLANTAGO MARITIMA, Linn, Corte Madera, California, within reach of the tide; April. The sepals, especially the posterior ones, are strongly crested, more so perhaps than in the plant of the Atlantic States, which seems to pass by gradations into the northern crestless form, (P. juncoides, Lam., P. pauciflora, Pursh, and P. decipiens, Barnéoud.) PLANTAGO PATAGONICA, Jacq. var. GNAPHALIOIDES. P. gnaphalioides, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 100. Williams' Fork of the Great Colorado ; February: a depauperate form. Cocomungo ; March : a still more diminutive and glabrate form. A widely diffused species, extending nearly the whole length of the continent on the western side, and with us exhibiting some remarkable varieties ; for to this species we must refer not only the Chilian P. Patagonica, (P. mollis, Hook. & Arn.,) but P. Hookeriana, Fisch, & Meyer, P. gnaphalioides, Nutt., P. spinulosa, Decaisne, P. curta, Engelm., P. Wrightiana, Decaisne, P. Xorullensis, H.B.K.?, P. aristata, Michz., P. squarrosa, Nutt., and P. filiformis, Decaisne. This species is diwcio-dimorphous, some indi- viduals having small anthers on short filaments, and mostly included in the throat of the corolla, while others bear large anthers on long exserted filaments as in the genus generally. Both sorts perfect fruit, but the former (as is usual in such cases) is the most fruitful. 了 PLANTAG0 700٣ (sp. nov.): pusilla, parce minutim hirsuta vel glabrata, annua; foliis carnulosis lineari-filiformibus obtusis integerrimis ; spica brevi-oblongo 3-12-flora densa ; sta- minibus 2; capsula oblongo-ovoidea 3-4-sperma bractea ovata acuta calyceque longiore. Benicia, California; April 23. Leaves 1-2 inches long, half a line wide. Scape 2-3 inches high. Bracts carinate, the margins broadly scarious. Sepals broadly oval, very obtuse, scarious, with a green and thickened centre. Flowers twice as large as those of P. pusilla, in the specimens all perfect and fertile; the two stamens more or less exserted, but not so long as the style. Lobes of the corolla ovate, open or spreading in fruit. Capsule a line and a half long at maturity, when it becomes one-third longer than the calyx. Ovules 2 in each cell: Seeds oblong, nearly as in P. pusilla. By the latter we mean, of course, Nuttall's P. pusilla, not what Decaisne has taken for it, and characterized in DeCandolle's Prodromus. His plant, as also his P. perpusilla, is P. heterophylla, Nutt. in rans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5, p. 177, which, although often larger and with sparingly-toothed or incised leaves, is to be distinguished with certainty only by its 10-28-seeded capsule, more oblong or conoidal in form, and exserted to twice tlie length of the calyx when mature. P. pusilla has only a pair of ovules and seeds in each cell. These three species accord in being diandrous, (a fact first. noted for P. pusilla by Dr. Torrey in his Flora of New York, where, however, the capsule is inadvertently said to be two-seeded, instead of four-seeded ;) but P. tenuiflora, Kit., is not so: they are also sub- diecious or diccio-dimorphous, more decidedly so than P. Patagonica, and with the corolla inclined to be closed in the more fertile form, but less so than in P. Virginica* and its allies. * It is remarkable that the diccio-dimorphous character of the wide-spread and variable P. Virginica (which includes P. occidentalis, rhodosperma, echioides, Cumingiana ? and purpurascens, (.Nutt., of Deeaisne) and some allied species, has not p before this been distinctly made out. Both subseres have been described, indeed ; some authors indicating the one, er other, some mixing up the two incongruously in their descriptions ; while others, as Nuttall and Deeaisne, have mistaken them for separate species. The substerile plant, as we may call it, since it rarely ripens any seeds, سو‎ the usual exserted == and large anthers of the genus, and its corollas remain open after anthesis ; this is Nuttall's P. purpurascens, of which, wi other substerile forms of the same and some allied species, Decaisne has made his section Novorbis. That these are mostly steri ^ plants may be inferred from the circumstance that of the fifteen admitted species of the section, only two have the euge an seed described, although specimens of all of them have been examined by Decaisne himself; yet in such a — : ores- a specimen of a truly fertile plant fails to offer some full seed. e truly cence it rarely happens that a dried hich are provided with short or included filaments and fertile form, which is the most common in herbaria, bears flowers all of w 118 BOTANY. They compose a small section section of the genus, quite otherwise characterized, however, than is Decaisne's Micropsyllium, and not embracing all his species. PLUMBAGINACEZ. ARMERIA VULGARIS, Willd., var. A. Andina var. Californica, Boiss. in DO. Prodr. 12, p. 682; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 332. Hills near San Francisco; and Laguna of Santa Rosa creek ; April. "We are not satisfied with the characters on which the acute Boissier has separated into many species what may, perhaps, better be regarded as variations of A. vulgaris. STYRACACEZ. STYRAX CALIFORNICUM, Torr. Desc. Darlingt. in Smithson. Contrib. 6, p. 4, t. 12. Hill-sides : and river banks, Mokelumne Hill, California; May 17: in blossom. Some of the racemes are 5—6-flowered. This is quite an ornamental shrub, and well deserves cultivation. PRIMULACEZX. TRIENTALIS Evropma, Linn. var. LATIFOLIA. T. latifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 121. Tokeloma creek; April 16. Mountains, near Oakland, California; April 5. GLAUX MARITIMA, Linn. Martinez, California; April 23. ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS, Linn. There was no label to this plant. It is, however, common in California, and was doubtless introduced from Europe. DoDEcATHEON MEADIA, Linn. var. D. integrifolium and D. frigidum, (Cham.) Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 118. Cocomungo; March 17; and mountains, near Oakland, California ; April 4. Wecan recognize but one species of Dodecatheon. The length of the tube of filaments is exceedingly variable. OROBANCHACEJE. (By A. Gray.) BoscHNIAKIA STROBILACEA (sp. nov.): squamis orbicularibus vel obovato-rotundis obtusissimis ubique confertim imbricatis, floralibus flores subsquantibus ; calyce postice truncato haud obliquo, dentibus 3 lineari-subulatis tubo longioribus ; labio corolle inferiore patente superius adeequante, lobis oblongis; filamentis basi barbatis; placentis 4 sequidistantibus. Dry and rocky hills, South Yuba, California; May. A span high, thick, resembling Conopholis Amer- ieana in aspect, the scales larger and broader, about half an inch wide, brown in the dried state. The three slender teeth of the calyx are anterior and lateral, a line and a half long ; the two others obsolete or indistinct. Anthers sparsely hairy. The shape of the scales and of the calyx teeth at once distinguishes this from B. tuberosa and B. glabra of Oregon, etc. PHELIPÆA CALIFORNICA, Don, Syst. 4, p. 632. Orobanche Californica, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 3, p. 134. Plains, near Marysville, California; May. The specimen renders it prob- able that P. Californica is not distinct from P. Ludoviciana, which has a wide range. 16 is nearly allied on the other hand to P. comosa, (the Orobanche comosa of Hooker,) which must find a place in this genus, notwithstanding the bractlets are remote from the calyx. APHYLLON UNIFLORUM, Gray, Man. Bot. N. States, ed. 1, p. 290. Napa valley, California; April 21. The range of this species includes all temperate North America, from Newfoundland and Canada, south to Florida and Texas, and west to the Pacific. Had Wallroth's name of Anoplon been generally adopted by succeeding botanists, it might have been unwise to disturb it. But very small anthers—whether sterile or precocions is uncertain, probably the latter, as the ovary is uniformly fruitful ;—and the corolla, as is well known, becomes cor nivent-closed after anthesis, its broad lobes invelutely and imbricately enwrapping each isne's section Cleiosantha.—Gray, Mss. other, so as to form a kind of beak surmounting the fruit. This is the type of ` BOTANY. 119 since Endlicher's name of Anoplanthus has been adopted by Reuter, the- monographer of the order in De Candolle's Prodromus, while Nuttall has preferred the prior claim of his unobjec- tionable name Gymnocaulis, there can be no question of the propriety of restoring the far older name of Aphyllon, under which Mitchell characterized the genus more than a hundred years ago. "There is considerable reason for thinking, however, that the genus will be reduced to a mere section of Phelipea. SCROPHULARIACEJE. (By A. Gray.) LINARIA CANADENSIS, Dum. Near San Francisco, and elsewhere in California; April. A species diffused over all the temperate parts of the American continent. SCROPHULARIA NODOSA, Linn.; Benth. in DO. Prodr. 10, p. 309. Corte Madera and Napa Valley ; April. A species common to the temperate portion of the whole northern hemisphere. - COLLINSIA BARTSUEFOLIA, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 318. Bolinas bay and Punta de los Reyes, California; April. COLLINSIA TINCTORIA, Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 328. Wet ravines, Knight's Ferry, etc., California; May. This and the foregoing are likely to pass into the next. COLLINSIA BICOLOR, Benth. im Hort. Trans. 1, p. 480. Hill-sides, Martinez, Mokelumne, etc., ` California; May. COLLINSIA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. in Bot. Heg. t. 1082. Hill-sides, on the Yuba; May. Var. SPARSIFLORA, Benth. (C. sparsiflora, Fisch & Meyer.) Corte Madera, Napa Valley, and mount- ains, near Oakland, California; April. The corolla is not only larger, but longer in proportion to the calyx ; still intermediate forms appear to connect it with C. parviflora, as Bentham states. PENTSTEMON CENTRANTHIFOLIUS, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 1, & in DC. Prodr. 10, p 323. Plains, near San Gabriel, California ; March. PENTSTEMON MICROPHYLLUS (sp. nov.): fruticosus, ramosissimus, foliis in axillis crebre fasci- culatis (minutis) obovatis ovatisve obtusissimis coriaceis integerrimis subpetiolatis ; racemis paniculatis; sepalis fructiferis oblongo-ovatis. On Williams’ Fork of the Colorado, New Mexico. The specimens were collected in February, and are without flowers, but they bear the remains of the fruit of the preceding season. "The plant is a remarkable one, and may possibly not belong to this genus. The leaves are only one or two lines long, of a thick and firm texture, and arise three or seven together from short spurs or undeveloped branches. The peduncles are opposite and alternate, somewhat spreading, and about as long as the fructiferous calyx. There is nothing peculiar about the capsule; and the aspect of the plant is that of the section Erianthera. : : PENTSTEMON LEWIstI, Benth. 7. c.? Rocky ravines, Cajon Pass, California; March 16. The specimen belongs to a shrubb species, and bears only the vestiges of the last year's fruit. The leaves are not so finely and evenly denticulate as those of P. Lewisii ; but for the present it may be referred to that species. PENTSTEMON BREVIFLORUS, Lind. Bot. Reg. t. 1946. Knight's Ferry, on the Stanislaus; May. A shrubby species, as already noted by Hartweg. PENTSTEMON HETEROPHYLLUS, Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1899. Butte mountains, near Marysville, California; May. The variety with narrower sepals, without manifest scarious margins, (Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech.;) the same as Hartweg's No. 1880, and not to be well separated from P. azureus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. No. 1819, which seems, as to the calyx, to connect all the forms. PENTSTEMON SPECTABILIS (Thurber in A. B. Gray's Rep. ined.): undique glaber; caule stricto elato (3—4-pedali) herbaceo ; foliis coriaceis serraturis rigidis crebris argute dentatis oblongis seu ovato-lanceolatis ssepius acutis, imis sessilibus, reliquiis connato-amplexicaulibus, superior- ibus floralibusque orbiculato-disciformibus; panicula ampla elongata virgato-pyramidali : pedunculis 3-9-foris; sepalis orbiculari-ovatis carnosis; corolla e tubo brevi (calyce duplo 120 BOTANY. longiori) angusto subito ventricosa campanulata modice bilabiata, lobis 5 consimilibus rotundatis pat ntibus; filamento sterili filiformi glabro; antheris (Cepocosmi) glabris. San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico, December 16. Imperfect specimens, with fruit only. But they clearly belong to a species which we first received from Mr. William A. Wallace, from Cocomungo and Los Angeles, California ; and soon after from Mr. George Thurber, who gathered it in the same district. Mr. A. B. Gray likewise gathered fragments of the same on the Gila river. It must be one of the showiest species known, and it will appropriately bear the name imposed upon it by Mr. Thurber. The crowded pianicle of purplish blue flowers is often two feet in length, and free from leaves, the lowest bracts not exceeding the peduncles, while the upper are reduced to small and inconspicuous perfoliate disks. Peduncles and spreading pedicels each half an inch to an inch long. Sepals 3 lines long, obtuse or apiculate. Corolla an inch or more in length ; the proper tube about twice the length of the calyx, then abruptly expanded into à campanulate . throat, glabrous inside; the two lips of equal length, and the lobes very similar. Leaves ap- parently somewhat glaucous, 3 or 4 inches long ; only the radical petioled ; all the upper cauline connate into a disk, which is an inch or two in width where it is perforated by the stem. DIPLACUS GLUTINOSUS, Nutt. Hill-sides, Sonoma, Punta de los Reyes, etc., California; May. The species also includes D. leptanthus and D. longiflorus of Nuttall. MIMULUS BREVIPES, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 28, & in DC. l. c. Hill-sides, on the Stanislaus; May. . MIMULUS LUTEUS, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Le Various forms of this polymorphous plant: Napa Valley, etc., California, and Williams’ River ; February—May. MIMULUS DENTATUS, Nutt. in Herb. Hook.; Benih. 1. c. Hill sides, at Murphy's, California. Also (a narrow-leaved variety) near Mammoth Grove; May. MIMULUS MOSCHATUS, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1118. Wet ravines on the Yuba, near Downie: ville, California ; May. MrwvLus BICOLOR, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 328, No. 1892. Hill-sides, near Sonora, California ; May. A depauperate form. MIMULUS FLORIBUNDUS, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1125. Grass valley, California, in low places; May. A small form. : MIMULUS INCONSPICUUS (sp. nov.): annuus, glaber; caule gracili 1-2-pollicari adscendente paucifoliato ; foliis ovalibus seu ovatis subintegerrimis obsolete 3-5-nerviis subsessilibus; pedun- culis solitariis foliis et flore parvo brevioribus ; calyce prismatico, dentibus brevissimis sube- qualibus; tubo corolle paullo exserto. Damp hill-sides, Los Angeles, California, May. Leaves 5 or 6 lines long, the cauline only a single pair in the specimens, Peduncle 2 or 3 lines long. Flower 4-5 lines long; the corolla yellow tinged with rose-color in the dried plant, its lobes very small. Fructiferous calyx not seen. Euxanus Dovarasm, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 374. Gravelly hills, Sonora, and Moke- lumne Hill, California; May. The former specimens, like those of Douglas, etc., are very dwarf and simple ; the stem, of only 2 or 3 internodes above the cotyledons, barely half an inch long, while the flower it is terminated with is fully an inch long. Those from the latter locality, like Hartweg's No. 1894, are developed into many-flowered branches 4 inches high, the lower part fructiferous. To Bentham's description of the capsule, from Hartweg's specimens, we have only to add that it is often. nearly linear, 4 or 5 lines long, not much compressed, of a crusta- ceous texture, but at length dehiscent ; the valves bearing the many-seeded placentae. The ovoid seeds are apiculate at each end. The calyx, as in the next species, is very oblique at the orifice; in this it is narrow and prismatic, and its teeth are very short and obtuse. The marked difference between this species and E. Frémonti, and perhaps E. Tolmei, (which we have not seen,) led us to propose its generic separation, as Mr. Bentham has stated ; but his judgment in the combination is fully sustained by the characters of the following intermediate species. Eunanus CouLTERI, (Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 320): foliis inferioribus ovatis oblongisve, supe- rioribus spathulato-lanceolatis pollicaribus; calycis infundibuliformis dentibus lanceolatis, BOTANY. 121 supremo tubo vix dimidio breviore; corollae tubo calycem bis terve superante, fauce valde ampliata, labiis subeequilongis; stigma obtuse bilabiato, labiis brevibus latis inæqualibus sed consimilibus ; fructu immaturo subgloboso. Low places, Mark West's creek; April, and Knight's ferry, on the Stanislaus; May. (Also communicated by Dr. Andrews, etc.) Flower fully as large as that of E. Douglasii, often an inch and a half or even two inches loug, lilac? the throat mottled with deep purple. Immature seeds apiculate at both ends. This is not the E. Coulteri, Harv. & Gray, in the herbarium of Trinity College, Dublin, (Coll. Coult., No. 614 :( but as no character of that has been published, and as recent specimens lead us to think it not different from E. Fremonti, the name should be retained for the present species, to which Bentham applied it, although we are not sure that it occurs in Coulter's collection. UNANUS BIGELOVII (sp. nov.): foliis caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis; calycis subcampan- ulatis valde plicato-angulatis, ore vix obliquo, dentibus inequalibus triangulari-subulatis pun- gentibus dimidium tubi longitudine paullo excedentibus ; corolle tubo calyce subduplo longiore, limbo patentissimo, lobis æquilongis ; stigmate integro. Gravelly hills, near the Colorado of California; February 17. On the Mohave creek; March 2. Plant only beginning to blossom, 1-2 inches high, doubtless attaining a greater height as the season advances. Largest leaves an inch long, more or less viscid-pubescent, like the stem. Calyx 4-5 lines long. Corolla 6-8 lines long, of the same shape as in E. Fremonti ; the foliage and the calyx quite different. VERONICA AMERICANA, Schwein. ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. Santa Rosa creek, California; May. CASTILLEIA AFFINIS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 154. Cocomungo, California; March. The . same as Hartweg's No. 1896. CASTILLEIA HISPIDA, Benth. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am, 2, p. 105. San Francisco and Punta de los Reys; April. ORTHOCARPUS PUSILLUS, Benth. Scroph. Ind., in DO. Prodr. 10, p. 535. Low grounds, San Francisco; April. ORTHOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS, Benth. l. c. San Francisco, California ; April. ORTHOCARPUS ERIANTHUS, Benth. l. c. Benicia, California; April. ORTHOCARPUS LITHOSPERMOIDES, Benth. l. c. Mark West's creek, California; April. ORTHOCARPUS (TRrPHYSARIA) FAUCIBARBATUS (sp. nov.): foliis linearibus 1-3-nerviis ultra medium pinnatifidis cum caule erecto ramoso levi glabris, laciniis angusto-linearibus fere fili- formibus elongatis; bracteis viridibus scabro-puberulis floribus brevioribus; spicis demum interruptis ; calyce tubo corolle pubescente dimidio breviore, dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis obtusis vix dimidium tubi adeequantibus ; corolla labio inferiore trisaccato, fauce secus plicas 2 palatinas longe barbata, appendiculis brevissimis obtusis; antheris unilocularibus. Corte Madera, California; April 20. Plant rather stout, 9 or 10 inches high, with spreading branches. Cauline leaves 2 inches long ; the bracts becoming shorter and broader, the upper ones nearly palmate. Flowers 7-8 lines long. Calyx minutely pubescent. Corolla apparently pale yellow. Allied to O. lacerus and O. lithospermoides of Bentham. The last named has the throat of its corolla somewhat villous-pubescent; that of the others is glabrous. Besides the smoothness and the one-celled anthers, the calyx distinguishes the present species. ORTHOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS, Benth. l. c. Corte Madera and San Gabriel ; March and April. ORTHOCARPUS CASTILLEIOIDES, Benth. l. c.? Corte Madera, California; April. Too young for proper determination. ORTHOCARPUS (ONCORRHYNCHUS) ATTENUATUS (sp. nov.): cinereo-pubescente ; caule gracili stricto ; foliis anguste linearibus sursum filiformi-attenuatis integerrimis vel summis cum bracteis viridi- bus trifidis, lobis attenuatis; spica angusta; calyce corolla tertia parte breviore postice fisso, dentibus linearibus obtusis tubo dimidio brevioribus; corolle labio inferiore vix trisaccato, appendiculis oblongis obtusis ventriculo brevioribus galeam rectam truncatam subequantibus ; antheris bilocularibus. Corte Madera; April 16. A span high. Corolla narrow, 7 lines long, puberulent, white or cream-color, with the slightly ventricose lower lip spotted with purple. 16r 122 BOTANY PEDICULARIS DENSIFLORA, Benth. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 110, in DOC. l. c., p. 514. Napa Valley, California; April 5. In fruit. PEDICULARIS RON Benth. in DC. l. c. Mountains near Oakland, California; April 5. In flower. BIGNONIACEA—SESAMEZ. (By A. Gray.) MOHAVEA, Nov. Gen. Calyx alte 5-partitus, laciniis lanceolatis foliaceis fere æqualibus. Corolla hypogyna, pro- funde bilabiata personata, limbo amplo patenti tubo campanulato multo longiore; labio postico latissimo rotundo emarginato-bilobo, estivatione exteriore, basi fornice supra antheras arcuata instructo ; labio antico consimili subtrilobo, palato prominente medio barbato. Stamina fertilia 2, tubo corolle inserta: filamenta apice incurva: anthere approximata rotundo-reniformes, confluentim uniloculares. Filamenta sterilia sepius 2, exigua. Stylus columnaris: stigma compresso-capitatum, integrum. Ovarium ovoideum, biloculare, placentis axilibus, apice tan- tum placentis haud coalitis uniloculare, parietibus membranaceis. Ovula multa, pluriseriata, horizontalia vel adscendens, anatropa. Fructus ignotus. Herba humilis, ramosa, diffusa, pilis viscidis et glanduliferis pubescens ; radice annua ; foliis alternis, imisve oppositis, oblongo seu ovato-lanceolatis, integerrimis vel repando-angulatis, penninerviis, basi angustata parallelin- erviis; floribus axillaribus solitariis, pedunculis nudis brevibus; corolla ochroleuca? et pur- purascente, fauce cum palato purpureo picta. | MOHAVEA VISCIDA. Mohave Creek, California; March 2. Leaves 11 to 2 inches long. Sepals half an inch long, exceeding the short tube of the corolla. Lips of the corolla nearly an inch | broad, apparently flat. Filaments and style somewhat hairy towards the base, included within the throat. Ovary 2-celled, except near the summit, with no dorsal introflexion of the walls, the placente not bilammelar. Style nearly as long as the stamens. Notwithstanding the ovary, which is strictly 2—celled, except at the top, we suspect this curious plant to belong to the Big- noniacew-—Sesamez ; but the fruit alone can determine the question. If the seeds prove to be albuminous, we know not where in the order Scrophulariacee to place it. In one of our few specimens a singular abnormal body was found growing from the outside of the corolla at its base, resembling a long-clawed petal, with a small, truncate, saccate, and involute limb. It is evidently a monstrosity. VERBENACEZ. VERBENA PROSTRATA, R. Br. in Hort. Kew. (ed. 2) 4, p. 41; Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11, p. 547. Banks of the Mokelumne River, California, May 17. LABIATA. PYCNANTHEMUM CALIFORNICUM (Torr. in Durand, Pl. Pratt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 2, p. 99): incano-pubescens, foliis ovato-lanceolatis sessilibus parce denticulatis; verticillastris 2-4 den- sissimis, demum scorpoideo-explanatis multiradiatis ; calycis dentibus squalibus lanceolatis muticis. California, probably from the lower part of the Sacramento Valley. Gathered by Colonel Frémont, (1846), Rev. A. Fitch, & Mr. Shelton. P. CALIFORNICUM, var. foliis tenuioribus oblongis glabriusculis viridibus. River banks and ravines, Mokelumne, California, (with the persistent inflorescence of the preceding year).— This plant is a genuine Pycnanthemum, and is most nearly related to P. muticum. No other species is found west of the Rocky Mountains. The inflorescence is at first in the form of com- pact heads, of which there are usually three on the main axis. Late in the season these unfold into very dense sessile cymes, the branches of which are secund, and nearly an inch in length, BOTANY. 123 The variety found by Dr. Bigelow was not in flower. It seems to be a tall plant. The leaves are 3-4 inches long and nearly an inch broad. MONARDELLA CANDICANS, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 330, (No. 1911); Durand, l. c. Sides of rivu- lets, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus, May 7. The lobes of the corolla in this and some other species have a small hemispherical sac at the tip. The stamens are strongly didynamous. This species is found as far south as San Diego, and north to the Upper Sacramento. M. cANDICANS, f. VENOSA ` foliis angustioribus; bracteis mucronatis capitulis longioribus, inter venas validas hyalino-membranaceis. Plains of Feather River, near Marysville, May 25. Also collected in California by Rev. A. Fitch. The bracts of this plant are very remarkable. They are larger than in the ordinary form of M. candicans, and between the strong veins (which are usually of a purplish color) there is no parenchyma, but only the thin transparent epidermis resembling goldbeater's skin. The corolla is much exserted, of a deep rose color, and has the lobes tipped with a little sac, as in the common variety. 了 PoGoGYNE DovaLast, Benth. Lab. p. 414, din DC. Prodr. 12, p. 243. Plains and low places, Stockton, May 7; valley of the Sacramento, May 26. All the species of this genus are annual. HEDEOMA? SERPYLLOIDES (sp. nov.): annua, e basi ramosa prostrata; foliis obovatis obtusis integris, basi in petiolem attenuatis ; verticillastris 2-6-floris sessilibus basi bibracteolatis, brac- teolis oblanceolatis flore longioribus; calyce vix bilabiato, profunde quinquefido, segmentis angusto-lanceolatis patulis; corolla calyce paulo breviore, labio superiore plano ovato obtuso labio inferiore trifido, laciniis subeequalibus, intermedio subemarginato. Hill-sides, Martinez, California, April 23. A slender annual, with divaricate puberulent branches. Leaves 5-6 lines long (including the petiole), ciliolate at the base, otherwise nearly glabrous. Early flowers solitary, the later ones in 2-6-flowered cymules. Tube of the calyx very short; the 3 superior segments (upper lip) broader and longer than the others, all of them cuspidate. Stamens 2, the upper pair wanting. SALVIA CARDUACEA, Benth. Lab. p. 302, de in DC. Prod. 12, p. 349. S. gossypina, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 330. Plains, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus, May 7. We have no doubt of S. gossypina being a mere variety (as Mr. Bentham suspected) of S. carduacea. SALVIA COLUMBARLE, Benth. l. c. Sides of rivulets, Knight’s Ferry, California, May. This is an annual species, and varies greatly in size, as well as in the lobing of the leaves. AUDIBERTIA HUMILIS, Benth. Lab. p. 313, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 359. Hill-sides, near Nevada City, May 20. Leaves most clustered towards the base of the stem ; the proper cauline ones being seldom more than a single pair. SCUTELLARIA TUBEROSA, Benth. l. c. Plains, near San Gabriel, March 23. Dr. Parry collected this species near Monterey. It was found also by Mr. Gibbes in Calaveras county; by Dr. Still- man on the Upper Sacramento; by Mr. Thurber and Rev. Mr. Fitch in the lower part of the Sacramento valley. It is variable in its pubescence, being sometimes almost glabrous. The calyx, however, is always villous. The leaves frequently oblong and narrowed at the base. Besides the principal tuber, from which the stem arries, there are often others at the extremity of the fibrous roots, or rather subterranean branches. They are about three-fourths of an inch in length, oblong, pubescent, tapering to the extremity, jointed, and of a fleshy consistence. Sometimes they show a tendency to ramify. They appear to be true tubers, like those of the otato e SCUTELLARIA ANTIRRHINOIDES, Benth. in Bot. Reg. fol. 1493, & in DC. Prodr. 12 p. 428. Var. folis dentatis, interdum sessilibus. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, May 17. „We have the same variety, collected in California by Frémont (1846) and by Rev. A. Fitch. The leaves are larger than in the Oregon plant, and the upper ones are sometimes closely sessile. MARRUBIUM VULGARE, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 453. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, California, May 17. Introduced from Europe. ee STACHYS AJUGOIDES, Benth. in Linnea 6, p. 80, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 468, Bolinas bay, 124 BOTANY. April 19. Bracts shorter than the calyx, ovate. Teeth of the calyx triangular-ovate, spines- cent at the tip, somewhat recurved. STACHYS CHAMISSONIS, Benth. l. e. Hill-sides, Napa Valley, California ; April 26. BORAGINACEAE. LrrHosPERMUM (BATSCHIA) CANESCENS, Lehm. Asperif. 2, p. 305? Hill-sides, Grass Valley, ° California ; May 20. Except in being less canescent than the eastern plant, we can find noth- ing to Dë fo? this from some of our specimens of L. canescens. AMSINCKIA SPECTABILIS, Fisch. & Mey. Index Hort. Petrop. 1835 ; DC. Prodr. 10, p. 118. Los Angeles, March 21. Gravelly hills of the Colorado, February 20. On Mohave creek, March 14. Near San Francisco, April 3. The place of insertion of the stamens is by no means a constant character in this genus. In the same species they sometimes are inserted in the throat, and sometimes towards the base of the corolla. A. intermedia seems to be no more than a variety of A. spectabilis. ERrTRICHIUM FULVUM, Alph. DC. in Prodr. 10, p. 132. Myosotis fulva, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 369. Cocomungo, California; March 17. The fruit is scarcely mature enough for comparison, but our plant is very like specimens of E. fulvum from Chili, and it is certainly Myosotis fulva of Hooker and Arnott. ËERITRICHIUM CALIFORNICUM, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 130. Myosotis Californica, Fisch. & ۰ Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1835, p. 42. Near San Francisco, April 8. E. Scouleri, DC. l. c. (Myosotis Scouleri, Hook. de Arn.) seems to be a mere variety of this species. ERITRICHIUM Geiger, DC. Le Myosotis Chotisiana, Cham. in Linnea, 1829, p. 444. With the preceding, from which it is chiefly distinguished by its much longer pedicels. ERITRICHIUM PLEBEIUM, Alph. DC. l. c. Lithospermum plebeium, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1829,p. 446. With the preceding. The flowers are much larger than in E. Californicnm. PECTOCARYA LINEARIS, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 120. On gravelly hills, near the Colorado of Cali- fornia, February 17. This species differs from all the others of the genus in the nutlets being pectinate with acute teeth, instead of bristles. | PrcrocARYA CHILENSIS, DO. Prodr. 10, p. 120; var. CALIFORNICA: nuculis obovatis, plano- convexis calyce brevioribus. Hill-sides and wet places, near Los Angeles; May 14. Embryo straight, cotyledons nearly orbicular. We find the radicle inferior (not superior, as stated by nek De Candolle) in all the species of this genus that we have examined. P. pen- cillata was found in California by Frémont in his second expedition, and it is No. 516 of Coulter's Californian collection. In this species the nutlets are somewhat panduriform, and are chiefly pectinate on the upper half. The middle contracted portion is naked, and towards the base the hooked hairs are much smaller than those above. KRINITZKIA LEIOCARPA, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1841, p. 52. Myosotis flaccida, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 82. Hill-sides, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river. There are specimens, in a young state, of what seems to be the same plant from gravelly hills along the Colorado of California. We find very often but a single nutlet matured in one flower. Mr. Bentham makes the same remark of Hartweg's specimens. CYNOGLOSSUM GRANDE, Dougl. Mss.; Lehm. Pug. 2, p.25; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 85. Mountains, near Oakland, California; April 4. HYDROPHYLLACEX. ERIODYCTION TOMENTOSUM, Menos Bot. Sulph. p. 35. E. crassifolium, Benth. l. c. Nar San Gabriel, California ; March. ERIODYCTION GLUTINOSUM, Benth. l. c. Sonora, Cajon Pass, Mokelumne hill, etc., California ; Also, var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, (E. angustifolium, Nutt. Plant. Gamb. ,) from hills near Cactus Pass, in the western part of New Mexico; January 30. BOTANY. 125 Nama JAMAICENSIS, (Linn.?): hispido-hirsuta; caule decumbente; foliis lanceolato-spathulatis in petiolum decurrentibus; floribus subgeminis axillaribus pedicellatis ; corolla campanulato- infundibuliformi calyce duplo-longiore; sepalis angusto-linearibus. Gravelly hills near the Great Colorado; February 17. Also found near Fort Yuma by Major G. H. Thomas and Lieu- tenant Du Barry. It is a common species in the valley of the Rio Grande. We refer it to N. Jamaicensis with much doubt. ROMANZOFFIA SITCHENSIS, Cham. in Linnea, 2, p. 609; Bong. Veg. Sitch. t. 4, Redwoods, California; April 12. It is interesting to meet with this species in California, where doubtless it is confined to the mountains. Dr. Bigelow's beautiful specimens accord very well with those we possess from Sitcha, from Mertens’ collection. The calyx is glabrous. Choisy, (in DC, Prodr. 10, p. 185,) who had not seen the plant, has written ** calycis Airsuti," doubtless by a slip of the pen, in place of glaberrima, the word used by Chamisso. HYDROPHYLLUM CAPITATUM, Dougl. in Benth. Hydrophyll.; DC. Prodr. 9, p. 289. Hill-sides, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May. The peduncles are longer than usual, and the leaves are as large as in H. macrophyllum ; but the segments are sparingly incised, not coarsely toothed, and the lobes of the corolla have a pubescent line along the back. Perhaps the eastern and western plants may be united. NEMOPHILA PARVIFLORA, Benth. l.c. With the preceding, and near Oakland, California; April. NEMOPHILA ATOMARIA, Fisch. de Meyer; DC. l.c. Borders of fields, Corte Madera; April. NEMOPHILA MACULATA, Hartw.; Lindl. in Jour. Hort. Soc. 3, p. 319. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May. A handsome species, now often seen in cultivation. NEMOPHILA AURITA, Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1601. Banks of the Stanislaus, at Robinson's Ferry ; May. NEMOPHILA INSIGNIS, Benth. L e. N. liniflora, Fisch. £ Meyer, Hort. Petrop. Cajon Pass; March. PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA, Benth. Hydrophyll. l.c. Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc.; March, April. Various forms. PHACELIA CIRCINATA, Jacq. Ecl. 1. t. 91; Benth. Le Hill-sides at Murphy's, and in many other places in California; May. PHAcELIA CILIATA, Benth. l. c. Los Angeles, and on the Great Colorado; February, March. Evroca DIVARICATA, Benth. |. c. Near the Redwoods of California ; April. POLEMONIACEZ. PHrox OCCIDENTALIS (Durand, Mss.) : glanduloso-puberula ; caulibus adscendentibus (subpe- dalibus); foliis lanceolatis rigidulis mucronatis; pedunculis erectis brevibus ; calyce viscido corolla tubo paullo breviore, dentibus subulatis erectis tubo equilongis ; corolle (albe?) lobis late obcordatis contiguis; ovarii loculis uniovulatis. P. divaricata, Dwrand, Pl. Pratten in Journ. Acad. Philad. n. ser. 1855. Hill-sides, near Duffield’s Ranch, May. Lower leaves not seen ; the upper 12-16 lines long, 2 or 3 wide, usually broadest at the base. Limb of the corolla an inch in diameter, the broad and rounded rather deeply obcordate lobes overlapping each other, not widely separate as in P. divaricata (in which, however, the lobes vary from strongly obcor- date-notched to barely retuse). Ovules solitary. Root doubtless perennial. The only species of the first section of the genus known west of the Rocky Mountains. COLLOMIA GRACILIS, Benth. im Bot. Reg., & in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 308. Corte Madera and Sonoma ; April, May. : : CoLLowrA GLUTINOSA, Benth. l. c. Sonora, California, along rivulets and ravines; May. A form with the corolla longer than usual; its slender tube half an inch long, and thrice the 1 : ico jar CE Benth. in DO. l. e Collomia heterophylla, Hook. Mokelumne Hill, and Grass Valley, California; May. 126 BOTANY. NAVARRETIA PUBESCENS, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 368. Ione Valley, in low places; also Knight's Ferry on the Stanislaus, on hill sides; May. | NAVARRETIA COTULAFOLIA, Hook. Arn. Le With the last. NAVARRETIA LEUCOCEPHALA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 324. Low and wet places, Mark West's Creek, California ; April 30. GILIA CAPITATA, Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2698. Hill-sides, Sonoma, California; May. GILIA ACHILLEXFOLIA, Benth. in Bot. Reg. & DC. l. c. Knight's Ferry on the Stanislaus ; May. š GILIA TRICOLOR, Benth, l. c. Hill-sides, Martinez; April. From Napa Valley are specimens gathered April 16, wholly in fruit, which appear to be either G. tricolor or G. multicaulis, but with the calyx and peduncles glabrous. ` GILIA (LINANTHUS) DICHOTOMA, Benth. in DC. l.c. Napa Valley, and near San Francisco ; April. This and all the sections (formerly genera) of Bentham, with palmatisect usually oppo- site leaves, we should prefer to regard as one genus, leaving to Gilia the sections Eugilia, Thyrsogilia (of which G. congesta is the type), and Ipomopsis. Gita (LINANTHUS) DIANTHOIDES, Endl. Atakt. t. 29; Cocomungo, California; in sandy or gravelly places ; March. GILIA (DACTYLOPHYLLUM) PHARNACEOIDES, Benth. in DC. l. c. Hill-sides, Napa Valley ; April, GILIA (LEPTOSIPHON) ANDROSACEA, Sleud.; Benth. l. c. Plains and hill-sides, Napa Valley, etc. April, May. GALIA (LEPTOSIPHON) CILIATA, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 324. Hill-sides and grassy plains, Napa Valley, California ; May. GILIA (LEPTOSIPHON) MICRANTHA, Steud.; Benth. l. c. MHill-sides, Napa Valley; May: and Benicia, California ; April. GILIA MICRANTHA, var. AUREA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. l. c. Hills and plains, Napa Valley ; April. The stamens nearly equal in length the lobes of the corolla, which is yellow ; otherwise the same as G. micrantha. GENTIANACEAE. FRASERA NITIDA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 322. Hill-sides, near Marysville, California; May, Capsule, 4-seeded. Seeds linear-oblong, winged. We have specimens of this species in fruit, collected in California by Mr. Shelton. It is scarcely distinct from F. albescens. FRASERA PANICULATA (n. sp.) : foliis linearibus oppositis ; panicula pyramidata nuda laxa; calycis segmentis ovatis acutis corollam duplo brevioribus; foveis oblongo-linearibus binis; corona nulla. Sand-bluffs, Inscription Rock, Zuñi county. Specimens were collected very late in the season, but they are sufficient to show that this is quite a new species. The plant is nearly three feet high, with a long tapering root. Radical leaves in a cluster; stem leaves in three distant pairs. Panicle (fructiferous) about two feet long, loose, compound ; pedicels an inch or more in length. Segments of the corolla.oblong, obtuse, furnished near the base with two narrow pits, which are nearly half the length of the segment, and are pectinately ciliate around the margin. Filaments somewhat dilated downward, distinct. Capsule about three- fourths of an inch long, very slightly compressed. Seeds 15-20, completely filling the capsule. scabrous, wingless. As Mr. Bentham remarks, (in Plant. Hartw.) Grisebach's eharacter of the genus Frasera does not agree with the western species, and seems to have been drawn from F. Carolinensis, which is destitute of a corona. This is the more remarkable, as Grisebach elaborated the Gentianacex for Hooker's Fl. Bor.-Amer., and described in that work, two species, which are furnished with a conspicuous corona, consisting of fimbriate scales, alternating with the stamens, Our new species agrees with the eastern one in wanting the crown. Dr. Parry found on the mountains east of San Diego another species (F. Parryi, Torr. Bot. Mez. Bound. Surv., ined.) still more BOTANY. 127 like F. Carolinensis, and likewise destitute of a crown. It is, perhaps, F. verticillata, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am., but not of Walter. It has a nearly naked panicle, and lunate solitary glandular its. ERYTHRAA MUHLENBERGH, Griseb. in DO, Prodr. 9, p. 60, quoad pl. Calif. Fields, Benicia; April. MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA, L. Near San Francisco; April. CONVOLVULACEZ. CONVOLVULUS CALIFORNICA, Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 405. Santa Rosa creek, California; ay 1. Ipomma SAGITTATA, Desf.? I. sagittifolia, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 151. Hills near Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. This is probably the plant of Hooker and Arnott, but not Convolvulus sagittifolius, Miche. The leaves are broader, and the auricles are deeply emarginate, or even 2-lobed at the summit. The one-flowered peduncles are longer than the leaves, and furnished with two small alternate lanceolate bracts a short distance below the flower. Corolla nearly as large as in Calystegia sepium, whitish, with pale purple stripes. CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS, Linn.; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 406; var. viLLosus, Choisy l. c. Hill sides, Sonora, California; May 9. Stems prostrate, branching from the root. Leaves vary- ing from ovate to narrowly lanceolate, strongly hastate or sagittate. Peduncles longer than the leaves, with a pair of opposite lanceolate mostly sagittate bracts a little below the flower. CoNVOLVULUS (n. sp.?): canescenti-tomentosus; caule prostrato e, basi ramoso; foliis lato- cordatis brevissime acuminatis, auriculis angulari-bilobis; pedunculis unifloris axillaribus- Hill-sides, Downieville, Yuba river, California; May 22. Our specimens have only young flower buds, so that the genus cannot certainly be ascertained. The plant has never come under our observation before. CuscurA CALIFORNICA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 364; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 457. Parasitic on Phacelia circinata and other plants, in various parts of California; February, May. SOLANACEJE. SOLANUM UMBELLIFERUM, LEschsch. Mem. de St. Petersb. 10, p. 280, and in Linnea, 1828, (litt.) p. 148; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13, pars. 2, p. 93. $. Californicum, Dunal. l. c. p. 86. Coco- mungo, March 17, and San Francisco; April 3. A common species in California. It varies much in the size and form of the leaves, degree of the pubescence, and number of flowers in the raceme or umbel. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS, Pursh Fl. 1, p. 141; Dunal in DO. Prodr. 13, pars. 1, p. 571. N. multivalvis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1057? Rocky arroyos, near the Colorado of the West ; Feb- ruary 17. ٩ NICOTIANA PLUMBAGINIFOLIA, Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13, pars. 1, p. 569. Var? ۲: annua; caule glanduloso-pubescente subsimplici; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutiusculis glabri- usculis, inferioribus in petiolem angustatis, superioribus sessilibus basi angustatis; panicula terminali laxiuscula ; calyce glanduloso-pubescente, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus inequalibus, corolla hypocraterimorpha, tubo elongato calyce 2-3-plo longiore, limbi laciniis lato-ovatis obtusiusculis. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river; May. We are unwilling to propose this as a new species, since there are so many others in the same genus that are very imperfectly known. Our plant does not agree with any Nicotiana described by Dunal, (l. c.,) but it seems to approach the nearest to N. plumbaginifolia. ; pot. i. Lycrum, “n. sp. near L. FRAGROSUM,”” Miers in lat. In cañons along Williams’ river, Feb- ruary 8. Mr. Miers will describe this new species in a monograph of Lycium that is to appear in the second volume of his Illustrations of South American Plants, shortly to be published. 128 BOTANY， ASCLEPIADACEAE. ASCLEPIAS ERICOARPA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 323, No. 1835. Hill-sides, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river, California; May ۰ ASCLEPIAS (OTARIA) n. sp.? Dry arroyos, on the Great Colorado of California. Our speci- mens are imperfect, having been gathered late in the season, when the leaves had fallen. The plant evidently belongs to the section Otaria of Decaisne, but we can refer it with certainty to none of the species described in the Prodromus. It is tall, (apparently 3-4 feet high,) some- what branched above, with a minutely pubescent stem. The umbels are numerous, in a termi- nal panicle or raceme, 15-20-flowered. The flowers are apparently white, about as large as in A. variegata. The petals are reflexed, and the oblong entire cuculli are only about one-third longer than the sessile gynostegium. Horn subulate-falciform, slightly exserted. The pod is about 5 inches in length, even, oblong, tapering to a long point. It seems to be nearly allied to A. subulata of Decaisne, but that is said to have the cuculli twice as long as the gynostegium, and until the leaves are known we cannot be sure that it is a new species. ACERATES CORDIFOLIA, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 323. Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus river, California; May 8. We have this plant also from the Rev. Mr. Fitch. In all our specimens the gynos- tegium is much shorter than the corolla. The cuculli are about the length of the gynostegium, obliquely truncated downward, and closely appressed to the processes of the anthers. y oe OLEACEA. FRAXINUS PISTACUEFOLIA: glabra seu tomentuloso-velutina ; foliolis 2-4-jugis subpetiolulatis ovatis oblongis lanceolatisve serratis vel fere integerrimis pallidis vel supra lucidis venosis ; petiolo canalieulato nunc apicem versus marginato; samara ex apice in alam spathulato- oblongam portione seminifera subtereti immarginata vix longiorem producta. F. velutina, Torr. in Emory’s Rep. (forma tomentosa.) Rocky ravines of Williams’ River; January 3: fruit only. A species occurring in almost all the New Mexican collections, excessively variable in its foliage, and so much more generally smooth than pubescent (still less velvety) that we propose to supersede the little-known name under which an extreme form of it was briefly described in Emory's Report some years ago. FRAXINUS OREGONA, Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 3, p. 59, t. 99. F. pubescens, var. Hook. Fl. Bor.- Am. 2, p. bl. F. grandifolia, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 33. Napa Valley, California, in deep ravines and along rivulets; May 5. A small-leaved form. ARISTOLOCHIACE2?. ARISTOLOCHIA CALIFORNICA (sp. nov.): caule volubili fruticoso ; foliis ovato-cordatis integer- rimis membranaceis utrinque pubescentibus ; pedunculis solitariis medio unibracteatis ; perian- thio glabriusculo inflato, limbo trilobo, lobis fere sequalibus subconniventibus. Near Corte Madera, California; April 16, (in flower.) A tall climbing species. Leaves 3-4 inches long, obtuse, velvety-pubescent when young, thinly but softly pubescent when mature. Peduncles an inch and a half or two inches in length, thickened and pubescent under the flower, furnished near the middle with a small ovate bract. Flower dull purple at the base and tip, paler in the middle, about an inch and a half long from the base to the curvature. "This rare plant (which we have only received besides from Dr. Hulse, who collected it in the Sacramento valley) re- sembles A. tomentosa, Nutt.; but that has naked peduncles and narrow villous flowers, the lobes of which are widely spreading. Asarum Hooxert, Fielding, Sert. Plant. fol. & t. 32. A. Canadense, ñ. Hook. Fl. Bor.— Amer. 2, p. 139. Hill-sides and low places, Downieville, Yuba ; Duffield’s Ranch, and mount- ۹ bs BOTANY. 129 ains near Oakland, California ; March—April. The specimens from all these stations have the lobes of the flower furnished with a long caudate acumination, and the leaves are much more glabrous than in A. Canadense; but Bentham (Pl. Hartweg, p. 335) says that specimens from the mountains of Sacramento are more like the eastern A. Canadense, of which he thinks the Californian plant may be only a variety. CHENOPODIACEJE. TELOXYS CORNUTA (n. sp.): foliis repando-dentatis pinnatifidisque calycis laciniis acutis dorso . brevi-rostellatis, semine compresso margine obtusissimo. Rocky places, Hurrah creek, New Mexico. Near San Francisco mountain, Western New Mexico, Dr. Woodhouse, (omitted by accident in the botany of Sitgreaves' report); Wright's Coll., No. 1735. Gregg collected the plant near Saltillo, Mexico, (No. 390.) T. aristata differs in the entire leaves, inappendiculate glabrous calyx with obtuse segments, and acutely margined lenticular seeds. T. cornuta is commonly about a foot or 15 inches high, and is often very much branched. The leaves are deeply pinnatifid, with 2-3 distant lobes on each side. The calyx is beset with minute elevated glands, and on the upper part of the back of each segment is à short acute spine or tooth, so that in fruit the calyx appears somewhat stellate. The seed is exactly orbicular, thick, rounded on the margin, and closely covered with the utricle, which strongly adheres to its surface. Im T. aristata the utricle separates spontaneously from the seed. The genus Teloxys was established by Moquin on Chenopodium aristatum, and has hitherto consisted of that species only. Linnseus, in the second edition of the Species Plantarum, referred to C. aristatum, the Chenopodium Virginicum of his first edition, regarding it as a variety only. Dr. Gray, who saw the original specimens in the Linnean herbarium, informs me that the plant is nothing more than Sueda maritima; and yet it is difficult to understand how the description of Chenopodium Virginicum, in the Species Plantarum, (ed. 1,) could have been drawn from that plant. The first part of the character (‘‘foliis linearibus obtusis canalicu- latis””) agrees sufficiently well, but the latter portion (‘‘ peduncularibus axillaribus dichotomis””) is quite inapplicable. We greatly doubt whether a Teloxys has ever been found in any of the older United States. Moquin (in DC. Prodr.) states that he has seen Mexican specimens of T. aristata in the Vienna herbarium, but it is more than probable that the plant which he refers to is our T. cornuta. Without the leaves, (which fall away late in the season,) the two species are not distinguishable except by the use of a lens. CYcLOLOMA PLATYPHYLLUM, Mog. Chenop. p. 18, & DC. Prodr. 13, pars 2. p, 60. Salsola platyphylla, Micha. Sand-hills of the Canadian River ; September: flowers and fruit. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM, Linn. Alluvions of the Upper Canadian; September. C. subspicatum, Nutt. is hardly distinct. à CHENOPODIUM HYBRIDUM, Linn.; Moq. in DC. l. c. p. 68. With the last. Burrum CAPITATUM, Linn.; Moq. l. c. p. 83. Ravines, Sandia mountains, New Mexico ; October. It is difficult to believe that the last three species could have been introduced into a region so far removed from settlements of the whites. Burrum Boxus-HENRICUS, Reich.; Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13, (pars 2,) p. 85; Torr. Fl. ۰ York 2, p. 136. Plains and banks of the Sacramento, California; April 24, OBIONE LENTIFORMIS, Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Report, p. 169, t. 14, 8 RHOMBIEOLIA : foliis rhom- boideo-ovatis undulatis. On Williams’ River of the Colorado of California; February, (with fruit of the preceding autumn.) This species forms impenetrable thickets twelve feet high ! The leaves are much larger than in the specimens collected in Captain Sitgreaves’ expedition, OBIONE HYMENELYTRA, Torr. in Emory's Rep. of Mex. Bound. Surv. (ined.) (Tab. XX.) Mills and gravelly places, on Williams’ River. This species was found by Dr. Parry and by Colonel Fremont on the Gila, Itis remarkable for its large broad membranaceous fruit-bracts, and roundish-deltoid coarsely and sharply toothed leaves. 17 r 130 BOTANY. OBIONE POLYCARPA, Torr. (in Emory s 1st Report, p. 149, sine char.): suffruticosa, ramosissima ; ramulis gracilibus paniculatis; foliis minutis sessilibus obovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis albido-farinosis ; bracteis orbicularibus, supra mediam distinctis argute grosse-dentatis, utrinque cristatis. With the preceding. Leaves 3-5 lines long, crowded. Fruit abundant, aggregated on the long slender branchlets. Fructiferous bracts about 2 lines in diameter. OBIONE CANESCENS, Mog. l. c. p. 212. Llano Estacado; September; fruit. The specimens belong to the form with broadly winged fruit-bracts. OBIONE ARGENTEA, Mog. l. c. p. 115. Atriplex argentea, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 198. Upper waters of the Canadian ; with ripe fruit, in which state it is seldom collected. The fructiferous bracts are somewhat orbicular, the margin deeply and acutely toothed, and the disk is often more or less cristate with leafy appendages. . EuRoTIA LANATA, Mog. l. c. p. 121. Diotis lanata, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 602. With the last, abundant; September. Hooker refers this to E. ceratoides, but we are inclined to regard it as a distinct species. CORISPERMUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM, Linn.; Moq. l. c., p. 140. C. hyssopifolium, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 4. Sandy ravines on the Canadian; also banks of streams, Galisteo, New Mexico ; September, October. SUEDA MARITIMA, Dumort.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 141. Chenopodina maritima, Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13, pars 2, p. 161. Salsola depressa, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 197, excl. syn. Wet saline soils along the Canadian River ; August, September. SUJEDA FRUTICOSA, P'orsk.; Mog. l. c. p. 156. Var.? MULTIFLORA: floribus 6-10 glomeratis, foliis carnosis compressis. Llano Estacado. A shrubby much branched plant, apparently 3-4 feet high. The branches are of a light-brown color, and marked with little knobs, the cicatrices of fallen leaves. Lower leaves not seen ; those of the primary branches are negrly half an inch long, and more than half a line wide, compressed, (not semiterete.) The flowers are very numerous, and are crowded on the axils of the leaves. Sepals oblong, a little fleshy, con- cave and somewhat cucullate at the extremity, the narrow margin scarious. Seeds hori- zontal and vertical in the same plant, black and shining, with a short rostrum. We fully agree with Fenzl (in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3, p. 777) in restoring Chenopodina to Suzeda—the only character on which the former genus was founded being inconstant. "There are several other species of Suaeda, in which both vertical and horizontal seeds are found on the same plant. SARCOBATUS VERMICULARIS, Torr. im Emory's Rep. p. 150, and in Sitgreaves’ Hep. p. 169. Batis? vermicularis, Hook. Alluvions of the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque; October; in fine fruit. AMARANTHACEA. MONTELIA TAMARISCINA, Gray. Man. ed. 2, p. 370. Amaranthus tamariscinus, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (2d ser.) 5, p. 165. Wet ravines, Deer creek, Indian Territory ; August. AMARANTUS ALBUS, Linn.; Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13, pars 2, p. 264. Sandy ravines near the Canadian River; September. 8 Seen Linn.; Moq. l. c., p. 258. A. grecizans, Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 144. سس‎ near Santa Antonito, New Mexico; and prairies (especially around marmot burrows) along the Canadian River ; September, سوہ‎ GossYPIANTHUS TENUIFLORUS, Hook. Ic. t. 251; Mog. l. c., p. 337. Dry prairies near the Cross Timbers of the Canadian River. Root-stock stout and dark colored, branching into several short heads. Stems numerous prostrate 3-4 inches long. Leaves a little pubescent underneath. Filaments very thin and translucent. FRGLICHIA GRACILIS, Mog. l. c. p. 420. Dry prairies and rocky places along the Canadian to the Rio Grande. On Hurrah creek a dwarf form (1-4 inches high) was found, in which the inflorescence was reduced to a single terminal cluster or head. Md Nar a s Em BOTANY. 131 FRGLICHIA FLORIDANA, Mog. l. c. Oplotheca floridana, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 19; Bart. Fl. N. Amer, 2, t. 59; Hook. Ic. t. 256. Sand banks of the Canadian; August. F. Drummondii of Moquin seems to be scarcely a variety of this species. The fructiferous calyx has a narrowly winged and irregularly toothed margin. At the base there is usually a central tooth or pro- tuberance on one side, and two protuberances on the other. The same characters occur in F. gracilis. NYCTAGINEX. OXYBAPHUS GLABRIFOLIUS, Vahl, Enum. 2, p. 40; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13, ( pars 2,) p. 431. O. levis, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 44. Los Angeles; March 21; and mountains near the Colorado, Mexico. This species is very variable in its pubescence. If O. laevis of Bentham be correctly referred here, it is sometimes wholly glabrous. Our California specimens usually have the branches, peduncles, and margin of the leaves slightly pubescent. Those from near the Colorado have the branches strongly pubescent, and both surfaces of the leaves more or less so. The perianth is rose-colored, and the 5 lobes are emarginate. QUAMOCLIDION OXYBAPHOIDES, Gray in Sill. Jour., 2d ser. 15, p. 320. Rocky places, Llano Estacado; September. The involucre is unequally 4-5 cleft. Fruit black when dried before ripening, but mottled when mature. ABRONIA CYCLOPTERA, Gray l. c., p. 319. A. (Tripterocalyx) micrantha, Torr. in Frem. 1st Rep, p. 96. Banks of the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque, New Mexico ; October; with flowers and fruit, the latter more than an inch in length, with very broad membranaceous wings. ABRONIA MELLIFERA, Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2879; Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13, ( pars 2,) p. 435. Sandy hills, Indian Territory ; September; with flowers and ripe fruit; and sandy hills near the Colorado, California; February. The figure in the Botanical Magazine (copied by Lindley, Veg. Kingd.) erroneously shows the embryo with two cotyledons. We have shown; elsewhere, that in all the species of Abronia, the inner cotyledon is either wholly suppressed, or only rudimentary. Near Galisteo, New Mexico, Dr. Bigelow collected a dwarf variety of A. mellifera, with spatulate leaves tapering at base to a long petiole, and large membranaceous in- volucres with broadly ovate segments. The fruit resembled that of the ordinary form. ABRONIA ARENARIA, Menz. in Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 193; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13, (pars 2,) p. 435. Sand-hills near the sea-shore, Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. POLYGONACEH. ERI0GONUM POLIFOLIUM, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14, pars 1, p. 12. Mountain aroyos near Williams’ River; February 9. Involucres usually in a capitate cluster, but sometimes on short rays. fae CORYMBOSUM, Benth. l. c. Var. DIVARICATUM, Torr. € Gray, in Beckwith’s Rep., p. 123. On sandy hills, near Inscription Rock, Western New Mexico; November 18. Errogonum LONGIFOLIUM, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5, p. 164. Dry prairies, Upper Cross Timbers of the Canadian River; August. ERIOGONUM ORTHOCLADON, Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Hep. p. 167, t. 9; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14, pars. 1, p. 15. Sandy hills, Albuquerque, New Mexico. EnrogoNUM ALATUM, Torr. l. c. p. 168, t. 8. Var. GLABRIUSCULUM: caule foliisque vix pube. scentibus ; involucris bracteolisque glabris. High prairies, near the Upper Canadian. Plant 4-5 feet high. Differs from the ordinary form of this species in being taller, nearly glabrous in all its parts, (except a slight hairiness on the leaves and lower part of the stem,) and in the slender and more numerous branches. It may be E. alatum f. elatum, Benth. in DC. Prodr- 14, pars. 1, p. 1. 132 BOTANY. ERIOGONUM LACHNOGYNUM, Torr. mss.; Benth. l. c. p. 8. (Tab. XIX.) Hill-sides and rocky dells of the Llano Retachdó : ; September: A remarkable species. At the base of each flower there is an ovate-lanceolate bract, (not represented in the figure,) and inside this a pair of spatulate-linear opposite Battle, This appears to be the normal structure in the genus, but we have not detected it in any other species. Usually the bracteoles are solitary, or more rarely, a pair of opposite ones to each flower. 卫 RIOGONUM WRIGHTII, Torr. Mss.; Benth. l.c. p. 15. Gravelly plains, near Albuquerque, New Mexico; October. Stem suffruticose, decumbent, throwing up erect branches which are 6-12 inches high. Flowers very numerous, many of them expanding together, and thus form- ing heads which are more than half an inch in diameter. Involucre acutely 5-toothed. Seg- ments of the perianth obovate, the exterior a little broader than the others; ovary and achenium with the beak hispid. ËERIoGONUM JAMESII, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14, pars 1, p. T. Hills on the upper waters of the Canadian River. September. 卫 RIOGONUM TENELLUM, Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. York, 2, p. 241; Benth. l. c. p. 19. With the last; in rocky places. ERIOGONUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM, Benth. 1. c. p. 21. Sandia mountains, New Mexico; October. Bracteoles 2, spatulate-linear, glandular on the margin, and fringed also with long Kiise eegen EFFUSUM, var. LEPTOPHYLLUM, Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Hep. p. 168. Hills and ravines, Cienegella, New Mexiso ; October. ERI0GONUM EFFUSUM, vat. P NUDICAULE: caule brevissimo ramoso basi lignoso ; foliis subradi- calibus lanceolato-linearibus albolanatis, scapis glabriusculis superne bis bi-trichotomis, in- volueris turbinato-campanulatis glabris 5-dentatis, dentibus rotundatis brevibus, perigoniis glabris, basi obtusis, laciniis oblongis subsequalibus ; ovario glabro. In pine and cedar woods, near Galisteo, New Mexico. Branches of the stem or caudex scarcely an inch long. Leaves 2 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, revolute on the margin (in the dry specimens), tomentose on both sides, but less so above. Scapes 8-12 inches high, naked, mostly twice three-forked with very short bracts at the base of the somewhat spreading branches. Perianth pale purple, segments emarginate, the exterior ones a little broader. Achenium ovate with a long tapering summit, slightly scabrous on the angles above. Embryo incurved-excentric. "This resembles some forms of E. effusum, especially the var. rosmarinoides, Benth., but differs in the very short stem, nearly glabrous elongated scapes or peduncles and involucres, looser and more spreading in- florescence. Its habit is that of E. lachnogyuum, but it belongs to a different section, the embryo being strongly curved. ERIOGONUM POLYCLADON, Benth. l. c. p. 16. Gravelly hills, near Albuquerque, New Mexico; October. Annual. Bracteoles filiform, not glandular, with very long fringed hairs on ib margin. CHORIZANTHE MEMBRANACEA, Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17, p. 419, t. 17, f. 11. Hill-s'des, etc., Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River; also near Sonora, California ; May. CHORIZANTHE PUNGENS, Benth, L. c. t. 19, f. 2. With the preceding species, May 8. PTEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIDES, Fisch. € Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1835; Hook. & Arn. Bot, Beech. p. 387, t. 90. Rocky places, near Marysville; also at Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River; Napa Valley; and mountains near San Gabriel, March—May. This plant is variable in the size and divisions of the leaves. In the specimens from near San Gabriel the leaves are deeply two-parted, and the divisions two-cleft, with entire or bifid segments. We have little doubt that among its forms must be included P. diphylla and P. microphylla. ACANTHOGONUM, Nov. Gen. Involucrum 1-2-florum, tripartitum, basi indurata subtrigonum, segmentis ineequalibus ovatis lanceolatisve apice subulato-pungentibus. Flos hermaphroditus sessilis, ima basi involucri BOTANY. 133 reconditus. Perigonium qualiter 6-dentatum, fructiferum clausum. Stamina 6, perigoni fauc inserta, dentibus ejusdem opposita: filamenta brevissima. Styli 3, breves; stigmata capi- tata. Achenium ovato-trigonum, acutum, semen conforme. Embryo in axi albuminis farinacej curvatum ; cotyledonibus orbiculatis planis; radicula elongata supera. Herba annua, nana, breviter ramosa, rigida ; foliis imis ovatis longe petiolatis tomentosis, reliquiis spinescenti- subulatis confertissimis patentibus exstipulatis; involucris axillaribus sessillibus bracteola trifida spinescente fulcratum. ACANTHOGONUM RIGIDUM. On Williams' river, a fork of the Colorado, Western New Mexico. Only winter vestiges of this plant were collected by Dr. Bigelow ; but the specimens seem to show that itis a new genus of Eriogonese. It will stand next to Mucronea, from which it differs in habit, in the short involucral tube, in the 6-toothed closed perianth, and in the in- sertion of the stamens. The whole plant above ground is not more than 3 or 4 inches high. The lower and radical leaves are about half an inch long, clothed with a white tomentum, and stand on petioles which are nearly an inch in length. The upper leaves are destitute of stipules, rigid, subulate, and spreading. In nearly every axil is a solitary sessile involucre, which is 3-parted ; the segments varyiug from ovate to narrowly lanceolate; all of them mucronate and pungent, carinate, strongly 3-nerved, with transverse connecting veins; the closed base is ob- tusely triangular, and contains a single sessile flower. Perianth membranaceous, 6-toothed ; the teeth ovate, very hairy. Stamens apparently only 6; filaments inserted in the throat op- posite the teeth of the perianth ; anthers not seen. "The achenium is sometimes 3-valved at the summit, or at least easily splits when old. What we have called subulate rigid upper leaves may be only the spine-like persistent midribs. RUMEX MARITIMUS, Linn.; Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14, pars 1, p. 59. Low places on the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque. A dearf form. ` UMEX DOMESTICUS, Harim.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 129? Sandy plains and hills near the Mohave creek, California; March. The fruit too young for determining with certainty the species. PoLYGONUM PARONYCHIA, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea. 3, p. 51; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 158. Near San Francisco; April 3. 777007: Bistorta, Linn.; Meisn. Polyg. p. 91. P. bistortoides, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 371. Laguna of Santa Rosa creek, New Mexico; May 1. LAURACEJX. OREODAPHNE CALIFORNICA, Nees, Syst. Laur. p. 463. Tetranthera? Californica, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 150. Laurus? regia, Dougl. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. Umbellularia Californica, Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 87. Drimophyllum pauciflorum, Nutt. l. c. t. 22, excl. syn. Mountains near San Gabriel, and Oakland, California; March—April, (in flower.) On the Upper Sacramento this fine tree attains a height of 50-70 feet. Douglas estimated the height of some individuals at 120 feet. Towards the south its altitude is much less, being from 15-30 feet. By the slightest friction it emits a strong spicy odor, but is apt to excite sneezing. The fruit is globose, nearly an inch in diameter, and stands on a thick stalk. When immature it is green, but dark-purple when fully ripe. We have no doubt that Nuttall's Drimophyllum is identical with Oreodaphne Californica. His plate agrees very well with a common state of the plant, and also with an authentic specimen of Laurus regia of Douglas. The inhabitants of California call it Mountain Laurel and Spice-tree. It grows throughout the western part of the State, from the borders of Oregon to Santa Barbara. THYMELACE E. PALUSTRIS, Linn. Spec. 1, p. 358; Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 163. Mountains near Oak-‏ 20۸ا land, California ; April 4, (with flowers and young fruit.) We have never before received this‏ plant from any part of the United States west of the Mississippi.‏ 134 BOTANY. SANTALACEZE,. CoMANDRA UMBELLATA, Nuit. Gen. 1, p. 157; Hook. Fl. Bor.- Amer. 2, p. 139, t. 179, fig. A; Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 160. Hill-sides, Sonora, California; May 9. This plant has a very extensive range both in latitude and longitude, being found from British America to Georgia and Texas, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In the south, and far to the west, it is often suffrutescent, which is not the case in the middle States. Mr. Stauffer, of Mount Joy, Pennsyl- vania, has clearly established the parasitism of Comandra to be similar to that which M. Mitten had previously ascertained of Thesium. LORANTHACE. 7۰ PHORADENDRON FLAVESCENS, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. n. ser. 1, p. 185; Engelm. in Gray Pl. Fendl. p. 59. Viscum flavescens, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 114. V. Reichenbachianum, Seem. Bot, Herald. p. 294 t. 62. On Williams’ River; February. The anthers are only one-celled, with a transverse terminal slit. : : Var. PUBESCENS, Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 212. Parasitic on Quercus agrifolia. Napa Valley, Corte Madera, &c., California. Differs from the ordinary form of P. flavescens only in its pubescence, aud smaller leaves. : Var. ORBICULATUM, Engelm. l. c. Pass of Mount Hope, and near White Cliff Creek, Western New Mexico; on Quercus Emoryi. Fruit ripe in January. Dr. Bigelow found at Cajon Pass, on what seems to be a dwarf oak, a Phoradendron with ovate nearly sessile and very thick leaves, which are scarcely more than half an inch in length, and clothed (as well as the young branches) with a dense pubescence. "There were only a few separate berries accompanying the specimens. It may be P. villosum of Nuttall. Our materials are scarcely sufficient for identifying the species. PHORADENDRON PAUCIFLORUM (n. sp.): rainis teretibus ; foliis spathulatis v. spathulato-lineari- bus enerviis junioribus pubescentibus demum glabratis crassis ; spicis brevipedunculatis simpli- cibus capitatis oblongisve pauci-(4-8)-floris foliis multo brevioribus ; floribus plerumque 3-lobis. On Juniperus occidentalis and Abies Douglasi, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada. Branches 3-6 inches long, stout. Leaves three-fourths of an inch to an inch long, 2-3 lines wide. Anthers 2-celled, opening by two terminal transverse chinks. There is an abortive ovary with a distinct style in the male flowers. Berries apparently white, about one line in diameter in the dried specimens. This seems to bea widely spread species. Dr. Gregg found it at San Antonio de los Alanzanes, Mexico. It also occurs in Sonora, and Mr. Wright collected it in New Mexico. PHoRADENDRON CALIFORNICUM, Nutt. |. c.; Engelm. l. c. Williams’ River, growing on Parkinsonia microphylla ; also near the Colorado, on Cercidium floridum, bearing fruit in Feb- ruary, probably formed in the autumn ‘of the preceding year. Specimens with small flowers were collected near Fort Yuma by Major Thomas. Branches pubescent when young, but at length nearly or quite smooth. Spikes, in the specimens from the Colorado, three-fourths of an inch long and many-flowered, with several approximated whorls; but often only 4-8-flowered. Berries globose, apparently reddish, about two lines in diameter. Perianth 3-4-lobed. Anthers oblong, 2-celled, adnate by the middle to the calyx; the cells opening longitudinally on their face the whole length of the anther. This species differs in the structure of the anthers from the character of Phoradendum میم‎ by Nuttall and Engelmann. When dry, the whole plant is of a grayish-brown color. PHORADENDRON JUNIPERINUM, CSS l.c. On Williams’ River; also in the Desert, 50 miles west of the Colorado. It grows on different species of Juniperus. Only fruiting specimens were found. This is a common species in New Mexico, but we have never seen the male flowers. ARCEUTHOBIUM CRYPTOPODUM, Engelm. in Gray, Pl. pe 2, p. 214. On Pinus brachyptera. Sierra Madre and Leroux's Spring, near San Francisco mountain, Western New Mexico. Our ——————— سس وت‎ E sali BOTANY. e 185 specimens are all female, and mostly in fruit. The plantis of a light-brown when dry. Dr. Engelmann (1. c.) was inclined to refer A. Oxycedri of Hooker's Fl. Bor.-Amer. to this species, but seeing that plant in my herbarium, he thought it was probably A. Americana, Nutt. ARCEUTHOBIUM OXYCEDRI, M. Bieb.? A. campylopodum, var. macrathron, Engelm. l. c.? On Libocedrus decurrens, Duffield's Ranch, California, The female plant only. A foot long, and of a dark-brown when dry. Stems stout; the branches long and slender, somewhat quad- rangular above; the length of the joints 2-3 times more than the diameter. Female flowers mostly 3-cleft. From the Rev. A. Fitch we have specimens of what is undoubtedly Engelmann's plant, collected on a Pinus between Stockton and Stanislaus. It is much smaller than the specimens from Duffield's Ranch, and the color is light-brown. SAURURACEZ. ANEMOPSIS CALIFORNICA, Nutt, in Tayl. Ann, Nat. Hist. 1, p. 136; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 390 t. 92. Wet places on the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque ; October. CALLITRICHACE. CALLITRICHE VERNA, Linn. Sp. 1, p. 6; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 170, var. vulgaris, DC. Prodr. 3, p. 70. In water, near Tamul Pass, California; April 11. Styles twice as long as the fruit. CALLITRICHE MARGINATA n. sp.: fructibus longepedunculatis ` carpellis parallelis dorso alato- membranaceis; foliis lineari-spathulatis trinerviis. Muddy places along Mark West’s creek, California; April 30. Upper California; Rev. A. Fitch, (locality not recorded.) Stem slender, branching, rooting in the mud. Leaves about one-third of an inch long, distinctly 3-nerved. Styles at first spreading, but finally reflexed over the fruit. Peduncles about two-thirds as long as the leaves, spreading or reflexed. Carpels strongly margined, or with a narrow wing on the back from the’ base to the summit. A well characterized species, resembling C. Nut- tallii; nob. (C. pedunculosa, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. رق‎ p. 140; not of Arnott, nor C. pedunculata DC.), but differs in the winged fruit. In C. Nuttallii the leaves are very obscurely 3-nerved, not veinless, as they are described. " DATISCACE,E. TRICERASTES GLOMERATA, Presl, Rel. Henk. 2, p. 88, t. 64; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 335, No. 1951. Mokelumne Hill, and 0 of rivulets, Sonora, iris: May. Our وت‎ on the male flowers of this genus agree with those of Bentham 1. c. We have not seen the her- maphrodite flowers which he describes. EUPHORBIACEA. EUPHORBIA LEPTOCERA, Engelm. Mss. in herb. Torr. Prairies of Grass Valley, California; May 20, (fl. and fr.) We regret having mislaid Dr. Engelmann's description of this species. It will, however, be contained in his Monograph of North American Euphorbie, which will be published in a few months. The plant has a strong resemblance to E. Peplus, but is more nearly allied to E. commutata, Engelm., (in Gray's Manal, ed. 2, p. 389,) from which, indeed, it is difficult to distinguish it. EUPHORBIA MELANADENIA (sp. nov.): caule procumbente ramosissimo herbaceo ; foliis breviter petiolatis suborbiculatis inequaliter cordatis crassiusculis integerrimis dense cano-pubescentibus ; stipulis minutis; involucris solitariis; glandulis involucri transverse oblongis, appendicibus petaloideis semiorbiculatis ; capsulis hirsutis; seminibus levibus opacis. Low or wet places near San Gabriel, California; March 22. Leaves 2-3 lines in diameter. Glands black in dried specimens, but perhaps very desk purple in the living plant. Capsule without tubercles. This species appears to be annual, and belongs to the group that contains E. herniariodes. 136 BOTANY. GARRYACEZX. GanRYA ELLIPTICA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1686; Hook. d: Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 390. Rocky arroyos, near White Cliff Creek, a tributary of Williams” River, New Mexico. The specimens in the collection were gathered in February, and are all female, in fruit. The leaves of the flowering specimens are smaller than the ordinary form of this species, and they are not wavy : those of sterile branches are much larger. GARRYA WRIGHTII (sp. nov.): foliis elliptico-oblongis utrinque acutis mucronatis crassis planis opacis, margine muriculatis; racemis ramosis; bracteis lanceolatis basi connatis interdum foliaceis et vix connatis; floribus in quisque bractea solitariis masculis pedicellatis, foemineis sessilibus. On rocks, base of San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico. This species is common at the Copper Mines, New Mexico, and is the same as No. 634 of Mr. Wright's collection of 1849, and No. 1789 of the collection made in 1851-52. It is nearly allied to G. laurifolia, Benth. Pl. Hartw. No. 81 and 384; but that has rather obtuse and larger leaves, which are of a thinner texture and without the thickened muriculate margin. Endlicher (Gen. Suppl. I, No. 1900) has proposed to separate G. Fadyenii, Hook. lc. t. 333, a native of Jamaica, as a genus, under the name of Fadyenia, on account of the sepals cohering at the tip in the male flower, the absence of a free portion of the perianth in the female, and the short thick recurved styles. In his Suppl. IV, No. 1899, he has added four other species from Mexico to this genus. In G. elliptica, however, (the original species,) the sepals cohere at the tip as much as they do in G. Fadyenii, nor have we detected in the pistillate flower of the former, the two teeth or free portion of the calyx described by Lindley ; and the styles are more or less recurved in all the species. The genus Fadyenia is, therefore, without a distinctive character. G. Wrightii is easily dis- tinguished by the roughish, slightly muriculate margin of the leaves. It is a shrub about three feet high. The leaves are 14-2 inches long, and from three-fourths to nearly an inch wide, with a strongly mucronate tip. Colonel Frémont found on the Upper Sacramento, “above the Bak Cañon,”” in 1846, a Garrya nearly allied to this species. It may be thus characterized : GARRYA FREMONTI : foliis lato-ellipticis utrinque acutis vix mucronatis planis glabris supra nitidis margine integerrimis; racemis (d) ramosis; bracteis ovatis acuminatis supra medium connatis, inferioribus 3-floris; floribus pedicellatis. A shrub about four feet high. Only the male plant was found. The leaves are broader than in G. Wrightii, and are only slightly hairy in the youngest state. "The spikes are 2-4 inches long, and seem to be pendulous. "The bracts, by their union, form bidentate cups, which, on the lower part of the spike, and frequently throughout, are 6-flowered, (three flowers on each side.) This seems to be the normal inflor- escence of the genus, for in G. elliptica, and often in G. Wrightii, besides the primary flower in each bract, there are two small rudimentary ones. ; Another apparently undescribed species of this genus is No. 633 of Wright's Western Texas and New Mexican Collection, (1849.) It is also in the earlier collection of Lindheimer. We have only the male plant. The leaves (including the petioles) are 23-3 inches in length, oblong and obovate, obtuse, slightly mucronate, nearly glabrous and somewhat shining above, pub- escent underneath, smooth and even on the margin; spikes shorter than the leaves, bracts lanceolate or ovate, flowers on short pedicels. Lindheimer and Wright seem to be the only botanists who have collected it. We propose for it the name of G. Lindheimeri. PLATANACEZ. PLATANUS RACEMOSA, Nutt. in Audubon’s Birds t. 362, and North Amer. Sylv. 1 p. 47, t. 15. P. Mexicana, Moric. Pl. Nov. ou rar. d’ Amer. t. 26. P. Californica, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 54, and Pl. Hartw. p. 336. Arroyos and plains, near San Gabriel; March 23, (in flower, with BOTANY. 137 balls of ripe fruit of the preceding year.) This species resembles P. orientalis much more than P. occidentalis. BETULACEZ. ALNUS VIRIDIS, DC. Fl. Franç. 3 p. 304? Cajon Pass and Creek, California. The specimens are in very young leaf, with old female aments of the past season. The latter are oblong- ovate, and the fruitis narrowly winged. The leaves are glutinous, acute at the base, and doubly serrate. There are needed specimens in a more mature state in order to be certain of the species. MYRICACEX. Myrica CALIFORNICA, Cham. de Schlecht. in Linnea 6, p. 535; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 260; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 390. Near San Francisco; April 3, (only the male plant); near Monterey, Mr. Hich, (in fruit.) Hooker and Arnott are inclined to refer the plant to M. Xalapensis, H. B.K. CUPULIFERÆ. CASTANEA CHRYSOPHYLLA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2 p. 159; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1843, t. 16. Gravelly hills near Oakland, California. The plants found by Dr. Bigelow were only from 2-3 feet high, and yet they bore fruit. In Oregon, where it abounds on the Columbia, it is a large tree, sometimes growing 70 feet high. Dr. Parry and Mr. Rich found it at Mon- terey. It is a beautiful species, and well deserves cultivation. Nuttall, in his North American Sylva, asks whether this tree and Quercus densifolia, Hook., may not be the same. The Cas- tanea had not been figured when the Sylva of Mr. Nuttall was published, nor had he seen specimens of the plant. QUERCUS ECHINACEA, Torr. in Pl. of U. S. Expl. Exped. (ined.): foliis perennantibus lanceolato- oblongis integerrimis vel serrato-dentatis, junioribus subtus cinereo-tomentosis demum glabratis ; amentis masculis elongatis densifloris ; fructibus sessilibus; cupula hemispherica, squamis fili- formibus densis patulis vel reflexis apice plerumque uncinatis ; glande brevi ovata. Tokeloma Creek, California و‎ April 17; fruit of the preceding season was collected on the ground. This fine oak was first discovered by Mr. Brackenridge, on the upper waters of the Sacramento Creek, while attached to the United States Exploring Expedition. It was found also by Dr. Parry, botanist of the Mexican Boundary Survey, while under command of Major Emory. We have also received specimens of it from Mr. Burke, and the acorns from Dr. Andrews. It is a near ally of Q. densiflora, Hook. € Arn., which is also a native of California, but is easily distin- guished from that species by the remarkable scales of the cup. The leaves are exceedingly variable, for although they are usually more or less lanceolate-oblong, sometimes they are obovate. They are commonly obtuse, but occasionally quite acute, even on the same tree. In the specimens collected by Dr. Bigelow and by Mr. Burke, the leaves are 4—5 inches long, and sharply toothed, as in the chestnut. In those obtained by Mr. Brackenridge they are perfectly entire, except a few of them which are obscurely repand-dentate. The male aments are in clusters, about 4 inches long and about 3 lines in diameter; at their base are a few female flowers. The acorns are 2 or 3 together; the cup is an inch in diameter and thickly covered with rigid subulate or filiform scales, which are at length reflexed or recurved. The acorns are short and thick, about three-fourths of an inch long, obtuse, with a short abrupt point, and ofa light-brown color. In the mountains this oak attains the height of 25 or 30 feet, with a trunk six inches in diameter. ۲ QUERCUS CRASSIPOCULA, Torr. in Williamson's Hep. cum tab. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada. The specimens are not in fruit. According to Dr. Bigelow's notes, this species, in favorable situations, becomes a tree 40 feet high, but in poor soils it is a mere bush. In the former the leaves are toothed ; in the dwarf plants they are entire. 18r 138 BOTANY QUERCUS DENSIFLORA, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 391; Hook. Ic. 4. t. 380; Nutt. Sylv. 1. p. 11.7. b. Hill-sides on the Yuba, near Downieville, California. There are no acorns, and only old decayed cups of the preceding season, which show the characters very imperfectly. We are not certain but our specimens may belong to a form of the preceding species. Quercus EmorYt, Torr. in Emory's Rep. 1 p. t. 9. San Francisco Mountain, and Aztec Pass, New Mexico. A species of Phoradendron frequently grows on this oak. QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA, Née. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3, p. 271; Hook. Ic. 3, t. 377; Nutt. Sylv. 1 p. 5, t. 2. Corte Madera, and Laguna of Santa Rosa Creek, California; April, May ; with male catkins and old acorns. This is a dwarf species in most situations; often loaded with fruit when only 2 or 3 feet high. Sometimes, however, it becomes a tree 40-50 feet high, with a trunk of a foot or more in diameter. It varies greatly in the size, form, and dentures of the leaves, as well as in the size and shape of the acorns. Q. oxyadenia, Torr. in Sitgreaves” Rep. t. 17, is this species with the acorns fully developed. QUERCUS TINCTORIA, Bartram. Trav. p. 91; Michx. f. Sylv. 1, t. 24, var. Californica: sinubus folii angustioribus, fructibus majoribus, cupula squamis triangulari-ovatis acutioribus. Hill- sides, Napa Valley. "This is à common tree in California. It occurs throughout the valley of the Sacramento, and as far south as San Diego. We have not been able to point out characters sufficient to distinguish it specifically from the Q. tinctoria of the Atlantic States, and yet it is probably a distinct species. The qualities of the bark we had no means of determining. It presents some diversity in the size and lobes of the leaf; but the acorns vary more than in the eastern oak. "They are generally larger, and the glands are sometimes more than two-thirds immersed in the cup, with the upper scales elongated; but more commonly the cup is much more shallow and the scales more nearly uniform in size. "The largest acorns are an inch and a quarter long. Quercus GARRYANA, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 159; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 391; Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 1, ۶. 1. Santa Rosa Creek, California. Dr. Bigelow found it growing only about 30 feet high ; but in Oregon Mr. Nuttall saw trees of this species 90—100 feet in height, with a diameter of from 3 to 6 feet. It belongs to the section of the genus that includes the White Oak. Quercus Hiwpsu, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 55; Torr. Bot. of Calif. & Oregon, U. S. Expl. Exped. cum icon. (ined.) Q. longiglanda, Torr. im Frémont's Geogr. Mem. of Calif. Plains near Marysville, Feather River, California. Common in the valley of the Sacramento. Dr. Parry found it as far south as Monterey. It is a tall tree with a trunk 3 feet in diameter, and is remarkable for the usually great length of its acorns. "These are sometimes even two inches long, and either tapering to a point, or rather obtuse at the summit. Rarely they are somewhat curved. On some trees they are ovate. The cup is tuberculate with the thickened scales. SALICACEZE, SALIX Hosiana, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 336, No. 1956. Swamps and river banks, Mark West's Creek ; pa 30, (male ;) also valleys and ravines near Butte Mountains, Marysville, California ; May 25, (in fruit.) Branches very slender, pale-brown, dull. Leaves about an inch and a half long and 2-3 lines wide, thinly pubescent, at first hoary, but when mature pale- green on both sides, very acute at each end. Aments appearing with the leaves, pedunculate, terminating the short lateral branchlets, about an inch long; the male often 2-3 together. Filaments hairy below the middle. Capsules sessile, pubescent, abruptly narrowed to a long beak ; style short, but distinct; stigmas with 2 linear lobes. This species is allied to S. exigua. ‘Nutt. Sylv. I, p. 75, but the leaves are narrower, perfectly entire, and not silky; the fertile aments shorter, etc. It also resembles No. 1873, Wright, but that has glabrous fruit, bright reddish-brown branchlets, paler leaves, ete. SALIX LAsIANDRA, Benth. l. c. No. 1964. Near Bolinas Bay, California ; April, in fruit. The BOTANY. 139 fertile aments only were collected by Dr. Bigelow, while Mr. Bentham describes only the male flowers. "There can be little doubt that our plant is the same as his. The fertile aments appear after the leaves are nearly unfolded, and are produced at the extremity of short lateral branches. They are cylindrical, and about two inches long. The capsules are smooth and distinetly pedi- cellate. Style short, but evident. Stigmas 2-lobed. Leaves 2j inches long and 6-8 lines wide, distinctly serrulate. There are in Dr. Bigelow’s collection more advanced specimens of what appears to be only S. lasiandra. The leaves are fertile, aments are larger, but in other respects there is little difference. SALIX DBraELovir (sp. nov.): foliis obovatis vel cuneato-oblongis obtusissimis integerrimis subtus griseo-pubescentibus supra glabratis nitidulis; amentis (foemineis) brevi pedunculatis cylindricis elongatis crassis, basi bracteosis; ovariis pedicellatis acutiusculis glabris; stylo elongato; stigmatibus brevibus bilobis; squamis persistentibus villosis. Near San Francisco; April 8, (with immature fruit.) Twigs rather stout, slightly pubescent, dark-brown, and dull. Leaves 14-2 inches long, and 4 to 3 of an inch broad, on short petioles of a firm but not coriaceous texture, Female catkins nearly two inches long, and more than one-third of an inch in diameter; the peduncle 3-4 lines long; the small leafy bracts at base decidnous. Ovary ovate, supported on a distinct pedicel. Scale about one-fourth the length of the ovary, dark- brown, but the color is concealed by the strong villous pubescence. We know not what else to do with this well characterized willow but to describe it as a new species. It does not appear to have been noticed by any writer on the plants of California and Oregon. The species to which it seems nearest allied is S. planifolia of Hooker. The male flowers were not found. In the collection of Dr. Bigelow was a Salix with female catkins only, which is perhaps the same species as the one just described, but in a younger state. "The leaves are silky-pubescent under- neath, and slightly pointed. Two or three other Salices were collected in California, but we are unwilling to decide on them without a more extensive study of all the allied species than we can give them at present. URTICACEAE. URTICA URENS, Linn. Sp. 2. p. 284; Torr. Fl. N. York. 2. p. 222. Plains near San Gabriel ; March 23. Probably introduced from Europe. HESPEROOCNIDE, Nov. Gen. FLORES Moworcr. Masc. Calyx 4-partitum ; foliolis equalibus concavis patentibus. Stamina 4. Ovarii rudimentum, Fem. Perigonium oblongo-ovatum, ventricosum ; ore minuto bidentato ; Ovarium liberum, ovatum, sessile; stigma sessile, pencillatum. Achenium lato, ovatum lenticu- lari-compressum, calyce membranaceo immutato tectum. Herba annua Californica ; pilis uren- tibus ; foliis oppositis ovatis petiolatis dentatis; floribus laxe glomeratis axillaribus, masculi et fceminei in iisdem glomerulis. HESPEROCNIDE TENELLA.—Shady rocks, Napa Valley, California; April 25. Stem slender, 3-8 inches high, simple, armed with scattered conspicuous stinging hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, 5-8 lines in diameter ; obtuse, serrate-dentate, beset with a few stinging hairs on both sides, and finely ciliate on the margin; petiole about one-third the length of the lamina. Axillary glomerules 15-20-flowered, on short pedicels, mostly female, there being usually only one or two males in a cluster. Male. Calyx deeply 4-parted ; the segments concave and somewhat saccate at the summit. Stamens nearly twice as long as the calyx. In the centre of the flower is the rudiment of an ovary. Female flowers articulated to a short stalk. Calyx clothed with short uncinate hairs, acute, the orifice minute, bidentate. Ovary loosely but completely enclosed in the calyx. Stigma terminal, nearly sessile, consisting of a tuft of short-jointed hairs. Achenium enclosed in the thin membranaceous calyx, orbicular-ovate, acute, somewhat coriace- ous, brownish. Embryo in thin albumen ; cotyledons transversely reniform-orbicular ; radicle 140 BOTANY. cylindrical rather shorter than the cotyledons. This little urticaceous plant seems to have been overlooked hitherto. It resembles Boehmeria, but differs in the inflorescence, pencilliform stigma, and in some other characters. It is still more nearly related to the East Indian genus Pouzolzia, which differs in the ‘‘ stigma elongatum," and in the fructiferous calyx being * accretum vel 2—4-alatum.’’ The habit is also different: Pouzolzia consisting of perennial shrubs, or under shrubs, with entire leaves. CONIFERZE. EPHEDRA ANTISIPHILITICA, Berland.; Endl. Syn. C'onif. p. 263. On hills between the Canadian and the Pecos, also along Williams' Fork, (not in flower.) Taxus BREVIFOLIA, Nutt. Sylv. 3. p. 86, t. 108. T. baccata, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 167, (ex parte.) T. Lindleyana, Murray in Edinb. Phil. Mag. April, 1855. Mammoth Grove, and hill-sides near Downieville; May. A small tree in California, but in Oregon it sometimes occurs 60 feet high, with a trunk 2 or 3 feet in diameter. We follow Mr. Nuttall in separating the Yew of the Northwest coast from the Taxus baccata of Europe. We have not, however, found the differences pointed out by Mr. Nuttall to be constant. The leaves are not always shorter than in the European species, and in T. Canadensis; nor are they flatter than in the other speciés, and the male aments, when fully grown, are quite as large as in the Canadian Yew. The chief character in which T. brevifolia differs from T. baccata is the cuspidate leaves of the former. From T. Canadensis it is distinguished by its upright stem. TonREYA CALIFORNICA, Torr. in New York Jour. Pharm. 3, p. 49. T. Myristica, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4780. Tokeloma Creek, near Tomales Bay; April 17, (male flower.) This is the famous California Nutmeg. It was first made known to North American botanists by the late Mr. Shelton, who travelled extensively in California. For a description of the plant, we refer to the works here quoted, and to Dr. Bigelow's report on the trees collected on the expedition.* SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS, Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 198. Taxodium sempervirens, Lamb. Pin. (ed. 2,) 2, t. 64; Gray, in Sill. Jour. (2d ser.) 18, p. 150. Mountains near Oakland. The popular name of this tree in California is Redwood. Dr. Bigelow has given some interesting details respecting it in his special report. SEQUOIA GIGANTEA, Torr. in Sill. Jour. l. c. Wellingtonia gigantea, Lindl. Gardner's Chronicle, Dec. 1853, p. 820 and 823; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4777 and 4778. A full account of this monarch of the Californian forest will be found in Dr. Bigelow's report, and in the Botanical Magazine, 1. c. We have shown that in this tree, as well as in S. sempervirens, the leaves are dimorphous, as they are in many species of Juniperus. We have proved, also, thaf there is no generic difference between the two trees. The male aments of S, gigantea, which were not known to Lindley and Hooker, prove to be in all respects like those of S. sempervirens. S. gigantea, of Endlicher, (1. c.,) which is founded on Taxodium sempervirens, Hook. € Arn. Bot. Beech. «€ Hook. lc. t. 319, (not of Humboldt,) has been ascertained by Hooker to be a species of Abies, (A. bracteata, Bot. Mag. t. 4640.) LIBOCEDRUS DECURRENS, Torr. in Smithson. Contrib. 6. p. T. t. 3. Hills, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada. Called White Cedar in California. It is in Hartweg's California Collection. . Dr. Bigelow, in his report, states that the fruit is pendulous, and is incorrectly represented as erect in the plate just quoted ; but in most of his own specimens the cones are erect. . Pinus EDULIS, Engelm. in Wisliz. Hep. p. 88; Torr. in Sitgr. Hep. p. 173, t. 20. Rocky places on the Llano Estacado ; also near Hurrah Creek, New Mexico; September 20; with ripe seeds. Near Bill Williams' Mountain; January 5. A tree 40-50 feet high, called Piñon by the Mexicans, and Nut Pine by American travellers. It is found from 150 miles east of the Rio Grande to the Cajon Pass of the Sierra Nevada. How far it occurs to the southward we have * Dr. Kellogg, of San Francisco, says that it sometimes attains the height of eighty feet, with a trunk 12-15 inches in diameter. BOTANY. 141 not been able to ascertain. In Mexico its place seems to be taken by Pinus Cembroides, Zucc., which has been found by Dr. Parry on the mountains east of San Diego, in California. Pinus LAMBERTIANA, Dougl.; Lamb. Pin. ed. 2, 1, p. 57, t. 34; Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 150; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 122. t. 114. On the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada. A stately and beau- tiful tree, not excelled by any in California for its timber. A sweet substance, intermediate be- tween resin and sugar, exudes from it when wounded and partially burned, so that it is gene- rally known in California by the name of Sugar Pine. PINUS ENGELMANNI. P. BRACHYPTERA, Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. p. 89. Hill-sides, Sonora, Cali- fornia. Dr. Bigelow states that this valuable pine makes its first appearance in the mountains between the Pecos and the Rio Grande, and occurs in large quantities on the mountain ranges quite to the Sierra Nevada. See his report. It is called Yellow Pine and Pitch Pine in some parts of New Mexico. We have changed the specific name, because the wing of the seed is not short; Dr. Engelmann himself having ascertained that the specimens from which his description was drawn were not perfect. In our plant the wing is nearly an inch long. The leaves are sometimes nearly six inches in length. PINUS FLEXILIS, James, in Long’s Exped. 2, p. 27 & 35; Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. Hist. N. York. 2, p. 249; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 107, t. 112. P. Lambertiana, 8. Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 162, (ex. Nutt.) Sandia Mountains of New Mexico, **12,000 feet above the level of the sea,” and on the San Francisco Mountain, in the western part of the same Territory. It is called Rocky Mountain White Pine. The ordinary height of the tree is from 40-50 feet, but Dr. Bigelow saw trunks of it that were more than 100 feet high. The seeds are edible like those of P. Cembra, which this species greatly resembles. PINUS INSIGNIS, Dougl. in Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2265, t. 2170-2172. Mountains near Oakland; also on the south Yuba and on the Coast mountains, California. "The cones, when fully grown, are about six inches long. They are usually gibbous and a little curved; the points of the scales much more developed on the gibbous side. The ordinary height of the tree is from 30-40 feet. "This may be the same as the imperfectly described P. Californica, Lois. PINUS SABINIANA, Dougl. in Lamb. Pin. (ed. 2,) 2, p. 146, t. 80; Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2246, f. 2138-40, 2142 & 2143; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 110, t. 103. Duffield's Ranch, ete., at the base of the Sierra Nevada. One of the species called White Pine in California. It is remarkable for its very large, heavy cones, the scales of which are produced into a long stout incurved point. See Dr. Bigelow's Report. PINUS CONTORTA, Dougl. in Loud. Encl. of Trees, p. 975, f. 9148 & 915; Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 163. Near Sonora, California. Leaves about 24 inches long. Cones scarcely 2 inches in length, ovate when closed, but nearly globose when expanded. Its range extends northward to Cape Disappointment. ABIES DoucLast, Lindl. in Penny Cyclop. 1, p. 32; Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2319, f. 2230; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 129, t. 115; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 162, t. 183. From the Sandia Mountains, between the Pecos and Rio Grande, to the coast range of California, on most of the higher mountains. It extends also north to Oregon. Its common name is Douglas’ Spruce. See Dr. Bigelow’s Report. ABIES BALSAMEA, Mill.? Pinus balsamea, Linn.? Sandia and San Francisco Mountains ; also on the Sierra Nevada. We name this tree on the authority of Dr. Bigelow, who says (in his report) that it is identical with the eastern species; but the leaves are considerably longer. No good cones came with the specimens. JUNIPERUS TETRAGONA, Schlecht. in Linnea, 13, p. 495? Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Rep. p. 173, var. OSTEOSPERMA, near Bill Williams” Mountain, and on hills fifty miles west of the Colorado of California. This is the smooth-barked Juniperus of Sitgreaves” Report that was supposed might be J. tetragona, Schlecht. The short description given of that species by Schlechtendahl leaves us in doubt as to its identity with ours. The berries (not quite ripe) are said to be 3-4 lines in diameter, while in our plant they are nearly half an inch. Neither are the fructiferous 142 BOTANY. branchlets nodding as in that species. Indians are said to use the berries as food. Travellers call this and the following species Sweet-berried Cedar. The seeds are as large as a small pea, and the shell is very thick and hard. The branchlets are about a line and a half in diameter. Leaves nearly as broad as long, very closely appressed, (there are no acicular ones in any of our specimens), obtuse, or sometimes rather acute, convex and marked with a depressed gland. JUNIPERUS PACHYPHLEA (n. sp.): arborea; foliis omnibus squamiformibus ovatis incrassato- gibbis acutiusculis, dorso glandula elliptica impres ; ramulis obtuse quadrangulatis, fructiferis erectis galbulos globosos minute tuberculatos trispermos brevioribus. Juniperus No. 1, Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Report, p. 173. On the Zuñi Mountains, Western New Mexico. This is the thick-barked Juniperus of Captain Sitgreaves. It seems to be undescribed, and is distinguished from the preceding species by the character of the bark, and by the berries (which are also very large and sweet) being 3-seeded. From the gland of each leaf a little drop of turpentine exudes. It is possible this may be J. Mexicana, Schlecht., which has berries half an inch in diameter ; but in that species the leaves are acuminate, and the berries conspicuously tuberculate, espe- cially at the apex. °“ JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 166. J. Andina, Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 95, t. 110. Common on the mountains of New Mexico, in various places along the route as far as the Zuñi mountains. The glands are very obscure in the young leaves, but are plainly to be seen in the older ones. "The berries are larger and the branchlets much stouter than in J. Virginiana. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA, Linn. Spec. p. 1471; Michx. Sylv. 2, p. 353, 11 155. Near Zuni, Western New Mexico. Resembles the eastern plant, except that the leaves are all scale-like, and the berries are a little larger. LEMNACEX. LEMNA TRISULCA, Linn. Spec. 1, p. 1376; Kunth, Enum. 3, p. 5. Stagnant waters, near San Francisco; mixed with Azolla Caroliniana ; also on San Gabriel creek, California. "We have never seen North American specimens of this species in flower or fruit, LEMNA MINOR, Linn. l. e: Kunth, l. c. On the surface of running water; Williams’ Fork of the Colorado of California ; not in flower. TYPHACEA. TYPHA LATIFOLIA, Linn. Wet places, near Shawneetown, on the Canadian ; August; in fruit. NAIADACEZ. POTAMOGETON HYBRIDUS, Miche, Fl. 1, p. 101. In tributaries of the Canadian River; August; with mature fruit. Easily distinguished by its cristale spiral fruit. POTAMOGETON PECTINATUS, Linn.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 257. With the preceding. Nutlets obovate ; the pericarp very thick, with a small lunate cavity. JUNCAGINEJE. 'TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMUM, Linn.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 261; Kunth, Enum. 3, p. 145. Low places i in reach of the tide ; Bes Francisco and Corte Madera, A: The fruit, in some of the species, agrees very well with Nuttall's T. elatum, which we fear is not distinct from this species. ALISMACEJE. Damasonrum CALIFORNICUM, Torr. in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 341:* foliis oblongis seu lanceo- latis basi cordatis obtusisve 3—5-nerviis; petals apice incisis; scapis adscententibus ` verti- * We much regret not having received the portion of Bentham's Plante Hartwegiant that contains most of the Endogens. | | f BOTANY. 143 cillis 6-9-floris ; staminibus 6; carpellis 8-10 uniovulatis basi gibbosis abrupte longirostratis. (Tab. XXI. In water, near Ione Valley, California; May, (in flower and fruit.) Tuber sub- globose. Leaves allradical, on elongated petioles; the lamina 2-3 inches long, and often nearly an inch wide. On young plants the leaves are much smaller, and sometimes not more than 2-4 lines wide. Scapes 12-18 inches high, usually several from one root; whorls (3-4) distant; the longer pedicels 1-2 inches in length. Flowers nearly twice as large asin A. Plantago, white. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Stamens shorter than the sepals; anthers oblong ; filaments subulate from a somewhat dilated base. Ovaries usually 8-9, connected at the base, with a tap>ring straight style; each with a solitary ascending anatropous ovule arising from near the base of the cell. Carpels 4-5 lines long, much compressed, abruptly narrowed to a long rigid beak, always one-seeded. This species greatly resembles Damasonium stellatum, Dalech, of Europe, but that differs in the entire petals, and in the carpels being almost uni- formly six, with the beak gradually narrowed from a broad base. It is a little remarkable to find a representative of the genus or subgenus Damasonium in the Western Hemisphere. EcHINODORUS ROSTRATUS, Engelm. in Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 439. Alisma rostrata ; Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 159. On Mohave creek, California. The seeds of this plant are collected by the Mohave Indians, and used as food. The species is widely diffused. We have it from Key West, Florida, (Mr. Blodgett); Georgia, (Dr. Leavenworth) ; St. Louis, (Dr. Engelmann) ; and Texas, (Drummond, Coll. 2, No. 432); the last a form with narrower leaves, which are not cordate at the base. SAGITTARIA SIMPLEX, Pursh, Fl.2, p. 397; Engelm. in Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 439. In water, near the Shawnee villages, on the Canadian River. August. Plant larger than usual ; the blade of the leaves being 5-6 inches long, an inch or more in breadth, and the scape a foot high. Flowers not much larger than in Alisma Plantago. JUNCACEJE, LUZULA CAMPESTRIS, DC. L. campestris, var. J. E. Meyer, in Linnea, 22, p. 407. Near San Francisco, April. Stem 14-2 feet long. Leaves 3-4 lines wide. Flowers in sessile clusters, forming a compact ovate head. L. comosa of E. Meyer, if we may judge from specimens of Scouler and others referred to that species by Hooker and by Meyer himself, is hardly to be distinguished from L. campestris. JUNCUS BUFONIUS, Linn. Sp. p. 466 ; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 329. Damp places, Los Angeles, etc., California; May. Wholly like the eastern plant. s XIPHIOIDES, Ü. A. Mey. in Relig. Henk. 2, p. 143, ex Kunth, Enum. 3, p. 331; Hook. € Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 161. Low grounds, Napa Valley, California, April. IRIDACEJE. SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA, Linn. Sp. 2, p. 954; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 291, var. 1 € 2. Plains, near San Gabriel, California ; March 23 ; mostly the var. MUCRONATUM, and with flowers larger than in the eastern plant. ISYRINCHIUM LINEATUM (Torr. in Emory's Hep. Mex. Bound. ined.): scapo late alato erecto simplici basi foliato ; foliis linearibus gramineis ; spatha triflora valde inæquali, folio exteriore flores longe superante; perianthio luteo lato-campanulato, phyllis obtusis, exterioribus 7-nerviis, interioribus 5-nerviis; filamentis brevibus glabris; capsula ovato-pyriforme. Punta de los Reyes, California ; Pen] 18. "This species was first detected by Dr. Parry, who found it near San Diego. The flowers are one-third larger than in S. Bermudiana. Another yellow-flowered Sisyrinchium occurs in New Mexico. IRIS LoNGIPETALA, Herb. in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 395. Grass Valley, and near San Francisco; May 19. Flowers as large as in I. versicolor. ` ]44 BOTANY. Iris DouGLASTANA, Herb. l. c. Hill-sides, Grass Valley, California; May 19. The tube of the perianth is longer than in our original Douglasian specimens of hits plant. Var.? MAJOR : floribus majoribus; pedicellis elongatis (fere unc. longis). Corte Madera, California; April 10. IRIS 0 A Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil. 7, p. 58? Sandia Mountains, New Mexico; October. In fruit only. Leaves rather rigid, 4-5 lines wide. Scape 1-2-flowered. Capsules 1-12 inch long, obtusely triangled, abruptly contracted at the base; statutes slightly prominent. Sn obovate, somewhat compressed, reddish brown. Rhizoma Sick and creeping, clothed with strong brownish lanceolate scales. IRIS MACROSIPHON (sp. nov.): pumila ; subcaulescens; rhizomate gracili; foliis angustis erectis; caule bifloro; perianthii imberbis tubo prelongo exserto; petalis apice denticulatis; ovario attenuato breviter pedunculato. Hill-sides, etc., Corte Madera, California; April 10. Leaves ` less than one-third of an inch wide. Stem (exclusive of the flower) 2-3 inches high, the bracts somewhat unequal. Flowers as large asin I. versicolor, bright purple. Tube of the perianth 23 to 3} inches long, very slender. Exterior sepals broadly obovate; the interigr shorter. MELANTHACEJE. Prosartes Hooker: foliis sinu profundo cordatis caulem amplectentibus; umbellis 3—4-floris ; perianthio basi obtuso, phyllis lanceolatis obtusiusculis; antheris linearibus glabris; stigmate fere integerrimo. Uvularia lanuginosa ñ. major, Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 114. Mountains; near Oakland, California ; April 4. "Very near P. lanuginosa of the Atlantic States, but differs in the strongly cordate and clasping leaves, more numerous-flowered umbels, and in the form of the sepals. PROSARTES TRACHYANDRA (sp. nov.): foliis oblongo-ovatis basi rotundatis seu vix subcordatis arcte sessilibus, inferioribus amplexicaulibus ; umbellis 2-3-floris; perianthio basi subacuto, phyllis rhomboideo-lanceolatis ; antheris oblongo-linearibus hírtellia ; stigmate integerrimo. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada; May 10. This species is easily distinguished from the preceding by its scarcely cordate leaves, broader attenuate sepals, and especially by its hispid anthers. The stem is about two feet high, and dichotomously branched. The flowers are as large as in Uvularia perfoliata, and of a greenish white color. At the base of each sepal is a distinct nectariferous pit. VERATRUM VIRIDE, Ait. Kew. ed. 1, 3, p. 422; Torr. Fl. New York, 1, p. 317. Swamps, near the South Yuba, California ; May, (with unexpanded flowers); and marshes, near San Gabriel, (leaves only.) ANTICLEA NUTTALLIT, Amianthium Nuttalii, Gray, Melanth. Revis. in Ann. Lyc. N, York, 4, p. 123. Amiantanthus Nuttallii, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 181. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, and Sonora, California; May, (in fruit.) This is the Poison or Death Camass of the Northwest Indians. The rootis a bulb the size of a musket ball, and is covered with a blackish skin, but is white within. We find the sepals to vary in form, from very obtuse and emarginate to acute or acuminate. The gland is a small, roundish, discolored spot, without a very distinct margin. ANTICLEA FREMONTI: foliis lato-linearibus planis, racemo composito interdum simplici ; sepalis ovatis brevi unguiculatis acutiusculis 5-7-nerviis, glandula superne dentata, dentibus cum basis nervos incrassatos confluentibus. Mountains near Oakland, April 4, (in flower.) Also found by Mr. Rich near Monterey ; and by Colonel Frémont at Santa Cruz, (flowering in Feb- ruary,) and on the Uinta River, Utah; June, (in fruit.) Itis No. 2009 of Hartweg's Californian collection. We have specimens of it collected i in California by Mr. Douglas, so that it is prob- ably Zygadenus chloranthus, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. (excl. syn.) Bulb tunicated, about as large as a pigeon's egg. The stem is from a few inches to 4 feet high, simple or mom branehed above, the branches terminating in simple racemes. Flowers hermaphrodite, three- BOTANY. 145 fourths of an inch in diameter, the pedicels 1-2 inches long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, about . half the length of the pedicels. Sepals greenish-white, narrowed into a short somewhat callous claw, from which spring 5-7 (rarely more) strong nerves. The gland is obscure, occupying the whole breadth of the base of the sepal, toothed on the upper edge, the teeth running into the thickened bases of the nerves. Stamens shorter than the sepals. Anthers roundish-kidney- form. Capsule about an inch long, almost as broad near the summit as at the base. Seeds broad and shining, compressed, variously indented, and angled. We have thrown this and the preceding species into the genus Anticlea of Kunth , As they are excluded from Amianthium by having a gland on the sepals. The character of Anticlea being drawn from A. Sibirica and A. glauca will require to be slightly modified to receive the species we here refer to it. Zigadenus will retain Z. glaberrimus and other species with a creeping rhizoma. Z. elegans of Pursh is ` pretty certainly Anticlea glauca. SCOLIOPUS,* Nov. Gen. Flores hermaphrodite. Perianthium petaloideum 6-phyllum, patens, deciduum ; foliola sub- sequilonga ; 3 exteriora oblongo-lanceolata, multiervia ; 3 interiora, angusto-linearia, Stamina 3, perianthii exterioris foliolis opposita; filamenta subulata ; antherse oblonge, ۰ Ovarium liberum, sessile, triquetrum, uniloculare ; placentis 3, parietalibus. Stylus brevis, trigonus, trifidus; lobis lineari-subulatis, apice intus stigmatosis. Ovula plurima, biserialia, adscendentia, anatropa. Capsula (immatura) oblonga, subalato-triquetra, polysperma. Semina compressa, raphe valida percursa. Embryo haud visus. Herba Californica, glabra; caule spithameo e rhizomate brevi erecto vaginato apice diphyllo; foliis ovalibus 7-9-nerviis mem- branaceis basi vaginantibus umbellam sessilem amplectentibus: pedicellis unifloris prelongis nudis flexuosis, in fructu tortuosis. ScoLroPUus BraELovir. (Tab. XXII.) Tamul Pass, Marin county, not far from San Francisco, on the opposite side of the bay ; past flowering nnt i in April. We have specimens in full flower, collected by Mr. Samuels, but in what part of California we have not been informed. The leaves are 6-8 inches long and 2-4 inches broad, varying from acute to rather obtuse. They are marked with from 5 to 7 primary nerves, which are narrowly winged on the under surface, and above they are sprinkled with minute purple dots. The pedicels are from ۲ to 12 or more in number, 3-8 inches long, about the size of a packthread, and more or less tortuous. Dr. Bigelow informs us that they spread out and lie upon the ground after flowering. The exterior leaflets of the perianth (or rather sepals) are about 7 lines long, apparently of a dull purplish-color, and widely spreading. The inner leaflets, or petals, are scarcely half a line wide, and about the length of the sepals. Stamens one-third the length of the sepals, and in- serted at their base: anthers more than a line long, manifestly extrorse. Ovary tapering up- ward; style 3-cleft nearly to the base; the segments subulate, recurved. Capsule (immature) about two-thirds of an inch long, acute at the base, apparently loculicidal. Ripe seeds not known. This remarkable new genus is placed at the end of Melanthaces chiefly on account of its extrorse anthers, notwithstanding its one-celled fruit and parietal placentation. "The some- what dichlamydeous flowers are suggestive of Trilliacese, but the extrorse anthers, as well as other characters, would seem to forbid its being placed in that group. In Melanthaces, however, Tofieldia and Pleea have introrse anthers. If it were not for the loculicidal placentation, (so rare a character in Endogens,) we might regard Scoliopus as intermediate between Melanthacese and ۵۰ LILIACEZ. ERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 23%; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1786; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 218. Hills near Forest City, California; May 21. All the specimens from this locality are one-flowered. The stigma is manifestly 3-cleft, with the segments recurved. 9 From sxodos and rows, in allusion to the tortuous pedicels. 19 r 146 BOTANY. ERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM, var. MULTIFLORUM: foliis immaculatis; floribus 1-6 racemosis ; sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis a basi fere reflexis ; stigmate clavato-capitato. Hill-sides, Downie- ville, California; May 21. Some of the scapes, which had apparently been stung by an insect, were 10-15 flowered. Sepals bright lilac, yellow at the base on the inside. FRITILLARIA K AMTSCHATCENSIS, Fisch. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 181, t. 193, A. F. biflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. fol. 1663; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 391. Laguna of Santa Rosa Creek, California; May, (in fruit.) The specimens are mostly single-flowered ; stem about 14 inches high, mostly naked above. Lowest leaves verticillate in threes, the others few and scattered. Capsule subglobose, obtusely 6-angled. A variety? from hill-sides, Sonoma, has the stem 2- flowered, and the (immature) capsule acutely 6-angled. FRITILLARIA mutica, Lind. l. c.; Hook. de Arn. l.c. San Francisco, April 30, (in flower ;) mountains near Oakland, California, April 4, (also in flower;) hill-sides, Martinez, April 23, (in fruit, but immature.) "The capsule of this species is strongly 6-winged, as in F. lanceolata, Pursh, from this species is hardly distinct. FRITILLARIA LILIACEA, Lindl. l. c.; Hook. & Arn. Le Hill-sides near Nevada; May 21, (flower.) RITILLARIA PARVIFLORA (sp. nov.): foliis anguste lanceolato-linearibus, infimis verticillatis, superioribus sparsis; floribus sparsis longe racemosis nutantibus ; bracteis pedicellos recurvos multo longioribus; perianthio basi subangusto; stylo usque ad medium fere trifido ; capsula hexaptera. Hill-sides near Murphy's, California; May 16, (in flower.) This species is near F. lanceolata, but it has more numerous (5-20) and much smaller flowers, (scarcely three-fourths of an inch long.) Sepals with an obscure nectariferous groove, greenish-purple, with darker stria, but not spotted. CYCLOBOTHRA ALBA, Benth. in Hort. Trans. (n. ser.) 1, p. 413, t. 14, f. 3; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1661; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 399. Grass Valley, May 19, (in fl. & fr.;) hill-sides and ravines, Sonoma ; May. CYCLOBOTHRA PULCHELLA, Benth. l. c. t. 14, f. 1; Lindl. in Bot. Heg. t. 1662; Hook. & Arn. l. c. Hill-sides, Napa Valley ; April 27. CYCLOBOTHRA ELEGANS, Lindl. l. e: Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 229. Calochortus elegans, Pursh, FT. 1, p. 240; Dougl. in Hort. Trans. 1, p. 218, t. 9, f. 13. Hills near Punta de los Reys; April 17. The Calochortus Tolmxi, Hook. & Arn. l. c. (in a note) is perhaps not distinct from this species. The inflorescence appears racemose from the unequal forking of the stems, each divi- sion bearing from two to four flowers. It seems to be the plant described by Pursh, who remarks that the petals are ‘‘ covered with long down.” There are other forms of this species in Dr. Bigelow's collection: one from the mountains of Oakland, (April 4,) in which the petals are sparsely bearded not half way from the base; and another (a dwarf state) from the Sierra Nevada (May 11) with the petals glabrous except an adnate fringed scale at the base. CALOCHORTUS VENUSTUS, Benth. l. e. t. 15, f. 3; Hook. de Arn. l. c.; Lindl, in Bot. Reg. t. 1669. Hill-sides, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River, California; May T, (f) CALOCHORTUS LUTEUS, Dougl. Mss.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1567? In the same place as the pre- ceding. This seems to be intermediate between C. luteus and C. uniflorus. With the former it agrees in its usually 3-flowered stem, and with the latter in its petals. It may perhaps be a variety of C. elegans. CALOCHORTUS NITIDUS, Dougl. in Hort. Trans. 7, p. 277, t. 9, f. .4.2 Cyclobothra nitida, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 230. Grass Valley, May 19; and hill-sides, Sonora, California, May 9. A dwarf plant, scarcely a span high. Stem 2-4-flowered. Pod drooping, ovate, not winged. Petals orange-yellow, copiously bearded. LILIOM CANADENSE, Linn., var, PUBERULUM: caule pedunculisque minute pubescentibus ; foliis lato-lanceolatis margine nervisque puberulis; floribus paucis (2-7) longe pedunculatis; sepalis a medio valde revolutis intus purpureo-maculatis. Grows in all the region between Grass Valley and BOTANY. 147 Downieville, California. Colonel Frémont found it on Antelope Creek, one of the tributaries of the Upper Sacramento , and it is No. 2004 of Hartweg's California collection. If the character given above prove constant, this fine lily must be considered a distinct species from L. Canadense. YUCCA ALOIFOLIA, Linn. Spec. p. 457; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 270? Near a mountain arroyo, Williams’ River. **Plant 15 feet high." The specimens are with leaves only. Also found at Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada, in March, with ripe capsules of the preceding season. The same . plant, or one very much resembling it, was found by Mr. Wright in New Mexico, and is his No. 1909. The flowers are very large and white. S Yucca Draconis, Linn. l. c.; Kunth, Le Var. ARBORESCENS: foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigidis, margine serrulato-scabris. Sandy and gravelly plains west of the Colorado, California. Dr. Bigelow states that this species attains the height of 30 feet, with a diameter of 18 or 24 inches. He found “ whole forests" of this tree on the Mohave creek. The leaves are flat, about 34 inches long, and from } to 4 an inch wide, thick, convex below, flat or concave above, pointed with a strong spike, the broad flat base about half as long as the upper rigid and narrower portion. For want of more complete specimens we cannot be certain of the species, Yucca ANGUSTIFOLIA, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 227; Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 218. Plains of Northern New Mexico. Leaves only: these are 12-15 inches long, and scarcely more than one-fourth of an inch wide, tapering upward, and ending in a strong sharp spine, thick and rigid, filamentous on the margin, along which is a narrow white line. Dr. Bigelow collected in New Mexico (near Hurrah creek) specimens of a Yucca which seems to be undescribed. The leaves are a foot or more in length, and nearly an inch wide, very thick, entire, abruptly pointed with a short blunt spine, and furnished on the margin (especially towards the base and summit) with coarse tortuous fibres, tapering a little towards the base, and then dilated into a short sheathing base, which is of a brownish-red color. Flowers not seen. Fruit racemose, drooping, oval, as large as a hen's egg, pointed with the thick per- sistent style. Itis of a soft fleshy consistence, and has a sweet taste. Endocarp thin and almost membranaceous, 3-celled, each cell partially divided into two others, Seeds piled hori- zontally in the cells, somewhat semi-circular, with thick edges, flat, black, wrinkled. Embryo straight, cylindrical, nearly the length of the seed; the albumen fleshy and somewhat indurated, a transverse section (parallel with the flat surfaces) appearing ruminated. The fleshy fruit, on account of the large quantity of grape sugar it contains, can be dried without decomposition, so as to have about the same consistence as a dry fig. Still another species was found in rocky places near Pecan creek, a tributary of the Cana- dian. The leaves are a foot long, and three-fourths of an inch wide, flat and rather thin; the margin thin, sparingly furnished with very fine threads. No flowers were obtained. The fruit is in an elongated raceme. "The pods are about two inches long, and more than an inch in diameter, erect and pedicellate; the mesocarp thin and somewhat fleshy, when dry a little papillose; cells divided by an accessory septum into 2 locelli. Seeds flat, smooth, and thin, black ; the embryo two-thirds the length of the albumen. We need more complete specimens in order to determine whether the species is described. Camassta ESCULENTA, Lindl. Bot. Mag. t. 1486; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 341. Phalangium Qua- mash, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 226. Marshes, Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. The Scilla esculenta, Gawl. in Bot. Mag. t. 1574, (Phalangium esculentum, Nutt.) is certainly a congener of this plant, and not a Scilla. In our specimens of the C. esculenta, Lindl., we do not find the five upper sepals ascending, and the lowest one deflexed ; but it is difficult to decide on such characters in dried specimens. In other respects the Northwest Coast species is so near the eastern one that they can be distinguished only by the considerably larger flowers, usually broader leaves, and more rfumerous ovules of the former. We find from 16-to 18 ovules in each cell of the ovary of C. esculenta, while in the other, which may be called C. Fraseri, the cells are only 8-ovuled. The genus Scilla has the sepals one-nerved, somewhat campanulate-con- ~ bës, 148 BOTANY. nivent or urceolate, and the filaments a little adnate to the base of the sepals. In Camassia the sepals are 3-5-nerved, and the filaments are free to the very base of the sepals. Scilla (Camassia) angusta, Engelm. & Gray in Bot. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 29, is only a slender form of C. Fraseri. CHLOROGALUM POMERIDIANUM, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 682. C. divaricatum, Kunth, l. c.? An- thericum pomeridianum, Gawl. Bot. Heg. t. 561. Phalangium pomeridianum, D. Don. in Sweet’s Flow. Gard. (ser. 2,) t. 381. Hill-sides, Stanislaus River, California; May 8. This is the celebrated Amole or Soap Plant of California. It has an extensive range from north to south in that country, being found from the valley of the Upper Sacramento to Monterey. The bulb is ovate-conical, and varies from less than an inch to4 inches in diameter. It is (especially when old) clothed with the black fibrous vestiges of the outer scales. The inner scales are mucilaginous when bruised, and are used by the Mexicans as a substitute for soap. There is but one Californian species of this genus that has come uuder our observation. The native country of the original species, which has long been cultivated in Europe, is not recorded in the books, but the plant is generally supposed to have been brought from Mexico. It is very doubtful whether C. divaricatum be a distinct species. The characters of the two as given by Gawler and Lindley seem blended in our plant. We suspect that Don was mistaken in de- scribing the cells of the ovary as several-ovuled. In our specimens they have but two ovules, as described by Kunth. ALLIUM CERNUUM, Roth; Bot. Mag. t. 1324; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 435. Mountains and rocky places, near Laguna Blanca, New Mexico; September. ALLIUM ACUMINATUM Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 185, t. 196; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 349. Hill-sides, Sonora, and near Marysville, California; May 3-25. A showy species, with deep rose-colored flowers. ALLIUM FALCIFOLIUM, Hook. de Arn. Le Benicia, and on the Yuba River, California; April— May. About a span high. Also a much larger form, with the bracts as long as the flowers. Tamal Pass, April. ALLIUM TRIBRACTEATUM (sp. nov.): humilis; foliis radicalibus plerumque 2 angusto-linearibus scapum 2-4-pollicarem multo superantibus; umbella multiflora; spatha e bracteis 3 ovatis ; perianthio basi acuto, sepalis lanceolatis acutis ; filamentis subulatis basi parum dilatatis sepala subeequantibus ; capsula late obovato-trigastrica, lobis rotundatis, loculis dispermis. Hill-sides, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, May 10. Bulb ovate, three-fourths of an inch long. Leaves mostly 2, about three lines wide, recurved. Scape 3-4 inches long. Umbell 15-20 flowered. Spathe of 3 ovate bracts. Pedicels scarcely longer than the flower. Sepals pale rose-color, with a purple midrib, about 4 lines long, not acuminate. Filaments inserted near the base of the sepals. Style filiform ; stigma minute, obscurely 3-lobed. Capsule narrow at the base, but not stipitate ; the cells rarely perfecting more than one seed. We cannot refer this Allium to any described species. It is remarkable for its dwarf habit, 3-leaved spatha, and the sepals marked with a strong purple central nerve. ALLIUM AMPLECTENS (sp. nov.): scapo flexuoso spithamaeo superne bifoliato ; foliis filiformibus; umbella pauci-(3-6-) flora; spatha e bracteis 2 orbiculatis concavis subacuminatis flores amplec- tentibus; sepalis oblongis obtusiusculis; filamentis e basi lata submonadelpha subulatis ; capsula trigastrica apice depressa, loculis dispermis. Hill-sides, Sonoma, California; May 3. Bulb large for the size of the plant. Scape 6 inches high, more or less flexous. Leaves scarcely a line wide, overtopping the scape. Easily distinguished by the small few-flowered umbel, which is almost enclosed in the concave purple bracts. HESPEROSCORDIUM ? MARITIMUM (sp. nov.): sepalis a basi fere distinctis; filamentis e basi vix dilatata subulatis. Sea shore, Punta de los Reyes, California; April 17. Bulb the size of a small pea. Leaves all radical, narrowly linear. Scape 3-6 inches long, shorter than the leaves. Umbel 10-12-flowered ; the lower pedicels an inch in length, the others much shorter. BOTANY. 149 Bracteal leaves 4-6, subulate-linear, connate at the base. Flowers apparently white. Sepals oblong, rather acute, and minutely sacculate at the lip, slightly united at the base, membranaceous on the margin, the midrib broad and thick. Stamens 6, equal ; filaments inserted a little above the base of the sepals, not connected ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, inserted near the middle of the back. Orvary ovate, obtuse, 3-celled, with 10 anatropous ovules in each cell, in a double series. Style filiform, erect, slightly clavate upward ; stigma minutely 3-cleft. "This little plant seems to have been hitherto overlooked. It differs from Hesperoscordium in the sepals being distinct nearly to the base, and in the slender filaments. DICHELOSTEMMA CONGESTA, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 470. Brodiaea congesta, Smith, in Linn. Trans. 10, p. 3, & 1; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 186. Cocomungo, March 8, and hill-sides, Mar- tinez, California ; April 20, (in fruit.) Our numerous specimens of this plant collected in various parts of 0 have the flowers all hexandrous, (as, indeed, they are shown in the early figure of Salisbury); nor do we find any hypogynous scales, except a slight callosity at the base of each adnate filament. BRODIÆA GRANDIFLORA, Smith, l. c.; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 471. Var.? BRACHYPODA: umbella multiflora, pedicellis floribus multo brevioribus ; staminibus sterilibus lato-lanceolatis integris, Plains of the Sacramento, May 26, (in flower and fruit.) The same plant was collected also by Colonel Frémont on Utah Lake, and by Dr. Stillman on the Sacramento. Var. MACROPODA: scapo foliis multo breviore; umbella pauci-(3-6-) flora, pedicellis flores multoties excedentibus ; staminibus sterilibus lato-linearibus emarginatis. Swamps, Santa Rosa creek, and Laguna, California; May 1. Tuber the size of a marble. Scape only 2-3 inches high. The longer pedicele 3-4 inches in length. Flowers bright purple, about three- fourths of an inch long. STROPHOLIRION.* Nov. Gen. Perianthium corollaceum campanulato-infundibuliforme, 6-fidum ; tubo subventricoso 6-sac- culato ; segmentis zqualibus ovatis obtusis uninerviis suberectis. Stamina fertilia 3, segmentis interioribus perianthii opposita; filamenta tubo adnata, summo apice appendicibus 2 linearibus emarginatis, antheram linearem bilocularem utrinque fissam, adeequantibus, aucta: sterilia linearia, uninervia, emarginata, glanduloso-ciliata fertilibus zquilonga. Ovarium oblongum, basi attenuatum (haud stipitatum), triloculare: ovula in loculis 4, biseriata anatropa, adscen- dentia: stylus ovario longior, triangularis, superne subfistulosus: stigma 3-lobum, lobis brevibus obtusis fimbriato-papillosis. Capsula ovata, sessilis, trilocularis, loculicida ; loculis sepius abortu monospermis. Semina ovata, nigra, longitudinaliter striata. (Embryo igno- - tus.) Herba Californica, glabra, foliis lato-linearibus breviusculis et scapo gracili nudo 2—4- pedali volubuli e cormo globoso exortis; umbella terminali multiflora densa, bracteis concavis spathaceis coloratis involucrata; pedicellis cum flore articulatis ; floribus saturate roseis. STROPHOLIRION CALIFORNICUM. (Tab. XXIIL) In rocky places, Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River, May, (in flower and fruit); also at Sonora, Mokelumne Hill; Valley of the Sacramento, Colonel Frémont, Mr. Rich, and Dr. Stillman. It is No. 1992 of Hartweg's Californian collec- tion. A ET piant; of which we have had specimens for many years. It seems to be common in the Valley of the Sacramento. The tall stem, which is not larger than a crow-quill, and often more than 4 feet (Dr. Kellogg, of San Francisco, found it even 12 feet) in length, twines around other plants. In Dr. Bigelow's specimens they were on Calliprora. Not un- frequently several stalks are twined together. 'The umbel is about 20-flowered, and much resembles that of some species of Allium, so that at first we took the plant for one of that genus. It most resembles Dichelostemma, but differs in having only three perfect stamens, and these furnished with appendages, while the abortive stamens are simple or undivided. "There are also other characters, besides the habit, in which it differs from that genus. 9 From orpeg¿, to turn or twist, (in allusion to the twining stalk,) and Ae», lily. 150 BOTANY. SEUBERTIA LAXA, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 475. Triteleia laxa, Benth. in Hort. Trans. (n. ser.) 1, p. 413, t. 15, f. 2; Hook. & Arn. in Bot. Beech. p. 401. Plains of Benicia, California, April 14—23. It is No. 1998 of Hartweg's Californian collection. A showy plant, resembling Brodiza grandiflora, but with larger hexandrous flowers, and the ovary elevated on a very long stipe. CALLIPRORA LUTEA, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1590; Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 3588 : Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 476. Hills, near Sonora, and Grass Valley, California ; May 19, (in flower and fruit.) ODONTOSTOMUM,* Nov. Gen. Perianthium hypocraterimorphum, marcescens ; segmentis 6 squalibus patentissimis, 3 ex- terioribus 5-nerviis, interioribus 7-nerviis ; tnbo cylindrico segmentis «equilongo, ima basi ovario accreto, demum paullo supra basim transversim rupto deciduo. Stamina fertilia 6, con- formia: filamenta lato-subulata, plana, discreta, fauci calycis inserta, cum appendicibus seu filamentis sterilibus totidem alternantibus: antherae subrotundee, biloculares, fissuris 2 trans- versis apice dehiscentes. Ovarium globosum, 3-loculare, loculis biovulatis: stylus gracilis, filiformis: stigma minutum. Ovula collateralia, e basi loculi adscendentia, anatropa. Capsula globoso-triloba, trilocularis loculicida ; loculis dispermis. Herba Californica, bulbifera? caules- cens, glabra; caule e basi parce dichotomo ; foliis radicalibus lato-linearibus, caulinis angus- tioribus, summis in bracteas transeuntibus ; floribus albidis racemosis vel paniculatis ; pedicellis solitariis 1-2-bracteolatis haud articulatis. Opontostomum Hanrwrear. Wet places, Ione Valley, California; May 18. Valley of the Sacramento, Dr. Stillman. It is No. 2008 of Hartweg’s Californian collection. Plant about two feet high. Radical leaves 3-6 lines wide, flat. Bracts lanceolate-subulate, about as long as the filiform pedicels, which are furnished with a subulate bracteole a little below the flower. Raceme 3-8 inches long. Flowers half an inch in diameter ; the segments elliptical-oblong, rather obtuse, as long as the tube, at length reflexed. Seeds all empty shells in our specimens. This genus is allied to Pasithea and Zephyra ; but these differ in the want of sterile filaments و‎ the more numerous ovules; in the dehiscence of the anthers, and in several other characters. We received it several years ago from our friend Dr. Stillman, of New York, but it seems to have been first collected by Mr. Hartweg. CLINTONIA ANDREWSIANA (n. sp.): umbellis 2-4 in parte superiori scapi subremotis, terminali multiflora, ceteris paucifloris; floribus erectiusculis; perianthiis subcampanulatis; ovarii loculis 8-10-ovulatis. Hill-sides, Tamul Pass ; also along the Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) ravines of Costa County, east of Pablo Bay, California. The only specimens of this interesting plant found by Dr. Bigelow have the flowers scarcely expanded ; but we fortunately, while this report was in press, received it in a more advanced state from Dr. Andrews, lately of California, and to this gentleman, who has assiduously examined the botany of that State, we dedicate the species. No tieket accompanied his specimens, but they were probably collected not far from San Francisco. The root consists of numerous thick descending fibres, which proceed from a small fleshy tuber. The leaves grow from the summit of a slender, erect, or curved caudex, which is 5 or 6 inches long, and clothed below with sheathing scaies. "They are from 7 to 11 inches long, and 3-4 inches broad, narrowed and sheathing at the base, with a short abrupt acumination, glabrous and green on both sides, but the margin sparingly ciliate with slender deciduous hairs. The nerves are very numerous, and run from the base to the apex. The scape is about twice as long as the leaves, terete, and naked, except a lanceolate or linear foliaceous bract at the base of the lower umbel, or at some distance below it. Terminal umbel 10-20-flowered ; the lateral ones 2-4-owered and sessile. Pedicels about the length of the flower, somewhat elongated in fruit. Sepals 6, about 8 lines long, 5-7-nerved, oblong, obtuse, apparently greenish-yellow. Stamens 6; filaments subulate, flat; anthers 9 From ’odovs, tooth, and cropa, mouth ; in allusion to the tooth-like sterile filaments at the orifice of the flower. | BOTANY. 151 oblong-linear somewhat versatile, the cells opening inward near the margin, the membranous connective produced externally nearly to the base of the cells. Ovary oblong-fusiform, tapering into a cylindrical thickish tubular style; stigma truncate, slightly 2-lipped, and perforate at the extremity. Ovules 8-10 in each cell, in a double series, obliquely ascending. Fruit (immature) subglobose, about one third of an inch in diameter. Seeds 6-8 in each cell, oblong. This species is remarkable for bearing one or more few-flowered umbels besides the primary or terminal one; otherwise it has a general resemblance to C. umbellata. As in that species, the flowers are erect and numerous, but they are considerably larger and subcampanulate. It differs, too, in the numerous ovules. SMILACINA RACEMOSA, Desf. in Ann. du Mus. Paris, 9, p. 51; Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 298, t. 130. Near Bolinas Bay; April 19; and mountains near Oakland, California; April 4. It seems to differ in no essential character from the eastern plant. SMILACINA STELLATA, Desf. l. c.; Torr.1.c. Asteranthemum vulgare, Kunth, Enum. 5, p. 152. Mountains near Oakland, California April 4. SMILACINA BIFOLIA, Desf. l. c.; Torr. Le Maianthemum bifolium, DC. in Redouté, Lil. 4, t. 216, f. 2; Kunth, Enum. 5, p. 147. Marshes, Punta de los Reys, California; April 17. The plant of Oregon and California differs from the $. bifolia of the Atlantic States in the leaves being more deeply cordate, or almost auriculate, and in the longer petioles. It is much more like the European plant. The leaves are more commonly three than two. AMARYLLIDACEA, 了 ASYLIRION BIGELOVI (sp. nov.): foliis longissimis (3-4-ped.) lineari-ensiformibus in apicem acutissimum sensim. attenuatis integerrimis, margine levibus ; panicula ampla densa ; fructibus lato-trialatis t , loculis 2 inanibus. Mountain sides, ‘Williams’ River. In fruit, February 10, (doubtless from the flowers of the preceding season.) ‘Scape about 3 feet high." We have not been furnished with Dr. Bigelow’s notes on this plant, but it is evidently an undescribed species, of which flowering specimens are desirable. Kunth described the genus as having a one-celled ovary, while in three of his six species it is said to be three-celled ! At Plaza Larga, in Eastern New Mexico, Dr. Bigelow found another Dasylirion, of which the leaves only are in the collection. "These are nearly a yard long, and 3-4 lines wide at the base, gradually tapering upward, entire and nearly smooth on the margin, convex on the lower surface and concave above, except towards the apex, where they are somewhat triangular. It is allied to D. Texanum, but seems to be an undescribed species. SMILACEJE. TRILLIUM SESSILE, Linn. Spec. p. 484; Kunth, Enum. 5, p. 123. p. GIGANTEUM, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 402. Mountains near Oakland ; April 4. The petals are more than three inches long, and of a dark purple color. y. ANGUSTIPETALUM, Torr. in Emory's Hep. Mex. Bound. Comm. (ined.): foliis basi subito con- tractes ; petalis lanceolato-linearibus acutis, Yi purpurea fere duplo superantibus. Wet ravines, Washington Mammoth Grove; May 15 Û. CHLOROPETALUM ` petalis viridulis obovato ellipticis, obtusiusculis, sepala duplo superantibus, Redwoods; April 12. ` AE ovatum, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 249; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 180; Kunth, l. c. Bed- woods; April 12. PsEUDo-CHINA, Linn.? Banks of rivulets, Shawnee Villages, near the Canadian‏ شتا River; August, in fruit. Leaves orbicular-ovate, with a short abrupt acumination, often‏ somewhat cordate, glabrous on both sides, paler underneath. Peduncles usually twice the‏ length of the petioles. Berries black, mostly one-seeded.‏ 152 BOTANY. ORCHIDACEAE. SPIRANTHES DECIPIENS, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 203, t. 204. Low places, Mammoth Grove, Calaveras County ; May, (in fruit of the preceding season.) SPIRANTHES CERNUA, Jtich.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 283, t. 129. Prairies on the Canadian River, and valley of the Dow Rio Grande ; Sopla Octo bulis CORALLORHIZA STRIATA, Lindl. Gen. € Sp. Orchid. p. 534. Corte Madera, California ; April. Scape 12-15 inches high, 20-30-flowered. Flowers larger than in any other North imed species. Lip not spotted. C. Macræi, Gray, is a yearly allied species. (Tab. XXV.) APLECTRUM HYEMALE, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 197; Torr. l. c. p. 270, t. 127. Shawnee Villages, on the Canadian ; August. CYPERACEZ, CYPERUS INFLEXUS, Muhl.; Torr. Cyp. p. 273. Low places near Albuquerque, and on the Upper Canadian River. Bentham (Plant. Hartw.) refers this plant to C. aristatus of Rottboel, which, indeed, it much resembles, as was remarked long ago in the work just quoted ; but we are not yet satisfied that the two species should be united. Cyperus MICHAUXIANUS, Schultes; Torr. l. c. p. 259. Wet sandy places, headwaters of the Canadian River. This species is found as far west as the Great Colorado. CYPERUS DIANDRUS, Torr. Cyp. p. 264. Wet sandy places near Albuquerque, New Mexico. CYPERUS REPENS, Ell. Sk. 1, p. 69; Torr. Le C. phymatodes, Muhl. Grows with the last. CYPERUS LUTESCENS, Torr. & Hook. in Torr. Cyp. p. 433. Alluvions of Pecan Creek; August; and prairies near the Upper Canadian. The heads are inclined to be compound, and contain more numerous spikelets than Drummond's specimens, from which the original description of this species was taken. The spikelets, too, become brownish when old, so that the name is not wholly appropriate. FUIRENA SQUARROSA, Var. ARISTULATA, Torr. Cup. p. 291. Borders of running water, Upper Cross Timbers of the Canadian River. Our specimens agree exactly with those collected by Dr. James in Long's Expedition. HEMICARPHA SUBSQUARROSA, Nees. Cyp. in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Bras. p. 61, t. 4, f. 1; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 362. Isolepis subsquarrosa, Torr. Cyp. p. 348. Scirpus subsquarrosus, Muhl. Wet sandy places near Albuquerque, New Mexico. ELEOCHARIS ACICULARIS, R. Brown ; Torr. Cyp. in Ann. Lyc. New York, 3, p. 308. Var.? culmo crasso brevi, spica ovato-lanceolata valde compressa acuta 6—7-flora. Wet places near San Francisco; April 8; not mature. Differs from the ordinary form of the plant in its stout culm, (which is 2-3 inches high,) and much compressed dark chestnut-colored scales. There are 3 stamens and a 3-cleft style, which has a distinct tubercle at its base ; but no bristles were found. ELEOCHARIS PYGMEA, Torr. l. c. (excl. syn. Vahl.) Cocomungo, California; April IS. Al- though the specimens are rather too young for certain determination, they agree very well with the plant of the Eastern States. Kunth (Enum. 2, p. 158) retains Scirpus pusillus of Vahl in the genus Scirpus, although he seems to have examined the original specimens of that plant. He also refers to it the S. pusillus of Willdenow's herbarium ; but quotes it again under his own Eleocharis reclinata! Vahl’s plant was from New England, and seems to be only one of the forms of E. acicularis. Willdenow's is probably not different, as he received most of his North American plants from Muhlenberg, who refers S. pusillus, Vahl, to S. trichodes, which is undoubtedly Eleocharis acicularis. ELEOCHARIS PYGMHA, Var. ANACHJETA. Moist places near Albuquerque, New Mexico. This variety was noticed in the botany of Nicollet's Report, p. 163. We have it also from the Red River, Louisiana, where it was collected by Dr. Hale. BOTANY. 153 ELEOCHARIS CAPITATA, R. Br.; Torr. Oyp. p. 305. With the last. We have this species from Texas, collected by Drunk, and also by Dr. Leavenworth. ease CARINATA, Hook. & Arn. in Torr. Cyp. l. c. p. 349. Wet places, Laguna of Santa Rosa Creek, Dësen ; May 1. This agrees well with the eastern plant, except that the achenium is more minutely roughened, and the spikes are sometimes in pairs. ISOLEPIS LEPTOCAULIS (sp. nov.): culmo sulcato angulato setaceo elongato basi 1-3-phyllo; spica ovata 10—12-flora ; involucro monophyllo spicam superante ; squamis ovatis obtusis, infimo bracteiformi acuminato ; ; stylo trifido. Cocomungo, California; March 18. The spike is appa- rently lateral, and indeed the one-leaved involucre (whieh i is 5-6 times as long as the spike) may be regarded as a continuation of the culm. The species resembles I. carinata, but differs in being much more slender and taller, with smaller heads, and the scales are not acuminate. There were no mature achenia on the specimens. SCIRPUS TRIQUETER, Linn.? Near San Francisco? The specimens are too young for satisfac- tory determination. SCIRPUS LACUSTRIS, Linn.; Torr. Cyp. p. 321. Overflowed places, Comanche Plains, and near San Domingo, New Mexico. SCIRPUS MARITIMUS, var. MACROSTACHYOS, Miche.; Torr. l. c. p. 323. Sandy alluvions of the Upper Canadian River; probably in saline soils. ۰ SCIRPUS SYLVATICUS, Dii Torr. l. c. p. 323. Wet ravines, Upper Cross Timbers of the Canadian River. ERIOPHORUM GRACILE, Koch; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 232; Gray, Bot. U. States, p. 529. E. angustifolium, Torr. Cyp. p. 339, not of Roth. Swamps near Sonoma, California; May 3, (with mature achenia.) The peduncles are mostly erect, and much shorter than the spikes. FIMBRISTYLIS SPADICEA, Vahl; Torr. Cyp. p. 346. Borders of streams, Upper Cross Timbers of the Canadian River. CAREX* SITCHENSIS, Prescott, in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 220, t. 221. Marshes at the head of Tomales Bay, and near San Francisco, California; April. Carex DECIDUA, Boott, in Linn. Trans. 20, p. 119. Mountains near Oakland, Los Angeles, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, and other parts of California; April, May. CAREX LACINIATA, Boott, in Benth. Plant. Hartweg ined. Swamps on Mark West's Creek, Bolinas Bay, etc., California; April. This is the same as Hartweg’s No. 2022, and Coulter’s 806. It is likewise (in part) 1241 Herb. U. S. Expl. Exped. from the Sacramento. It is very near C. Jamesii, Torr., que foliis glaucis, auriculis pallidis discretis elongatis, perigyniis ner- vosis glabris bracteis brevioribus, squamis non ciliatis differt. i CAREX XALAPENSIS, Kunth, Enum. 2, p. 380. Low swampy places, Mark West's Creek, and Napa, California ; April 25-30. CAREX DEWNHYANA, Schwein.; Torr. de Schwein. Mon. Car. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1, p. 316. Shady hill-sides, Napa Valley, California; May 5. The Oregon specimens and dis have 6-8 approximate spicule. Carex Festiva, Dew. in Sill. Jour. 29, p. 351. Spica oblonga; in uno specimine spicula infima subremota. Punta de los Reyes, EAL EO April 18. Carex GEYERI, Boott, in Linn. Trans. 20, p. 118. Flosculis fæminiis 2-3, squamis inferioribus foliaceis. Hill-sides, Duffield's Ranch, Sierra Nevada, California; May 10-12. This is like Dr. Parry's specimens collected in California. Kunze's figure, t. 47, has a solitary female flower. Carex Hooptr, Boott, in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 211, t. 211. Mark West's Creek, Cali- fornia; May 1 Carex LAGOPODIOIDES, Schk. Car. t. Yyy. f. 117; Torr. & Schw. l. c. p. 313. Mark West's Creek, California ; May 1. © The Carices of this collection were determined by our valued friend Dr, Boott, whose names and remarks are given as they were received from him. 20 r 154 BOTANY. CAREX VESICARIA, Linn.; Schk. Car. t. Ss. f. 106. With the last; April 30. One of the specimens is var. major, Boti, Le CAREX SICCATA, Dewey, in Sill. Journ. 10, p. 278, t. F. f. 18; and 14, p. 353. C. pallida, Meyer. With the last species; April 30. CAREX STELLULATA, Good. in Linn. Trans. 2, p. 144; Schk. Car. t. 3, f. 14. Swamps, Santa Rosa, California ; May 3. _. CARES PROPINQUA. Mees, et Mey. in Kunth, Enum. 2, p. 396. Swamps, Mark West's Creek, California; April 20. No. 1622 of Coulter’s California collection. CAREX CHEROKEENSIS, Schw.; Torr. de Schw. Car. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1, p. 369, t. 25, f. 1. Swamps, Santa Rosa Creek, California; May 1. We can find no character that will distinguish this from the eastern plant. The specimens are young. The ovate abbreviate spikes and short bracts give it a peculiar aspect. It might be considered a var. minor. C. Cherokeensis, like all its allies, is very variable; from solitary to geminate and ternate spikes, (my C. Christiana, in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.) Bigelow’s specimens, if mature, would closely resemble the original figure of C. Cherokeensis, Torr. & Schwein. Monogr. of N. Amer. OS in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1,4. 25, f. 1. GRAMINE. ` ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS, Linn. Spec. p. 89; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 24. Low places, Napa Valley, California; April 26. A. borealis, Trin., seems to be only a form of this variable s سس‎ r ; : PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA, Linn. Spec. p. 80; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 418. P. Californica, Hook: d Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 161. Bolinas Bay, Apru 19, and Napa Valley, California ; April 26. HIEROCHLOA BOREALIS, Rem. de Schult. Syst. 2, p. 513; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 234. Red-woods, California ; April 12. m" Bowie with a very short awn, or sometimes scarcely mucronate. SrrPA NEESIANA, Trin. de Rupr. Stip. p. 21; Steud. Syn. Glum. p. 124. 8. AVENACEA, Hook. £ Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 408, non Linn. ا‎ ia, Sonoma, May 3, and Benicia, California ; April 23. Tt’ is No. 2028 ep Hartweg's collection. It differs from S. avenacea of the eastern States in its much larger flowers, the almost villous lower palea, the hairiness of the awn below the articulation, and in the pubescent leaves. AGROSTIS MICROPHYLLA, Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. p. 164? Mark West's creek, California, May 1. "This species was founded on a grass collected by Douglas in ** North America ;" doubtless in California, though it is not taken up by Hooker and Arnott in the Botany of Beechey's Voyage. It is Agraulus brevifolius, Nees, Mss. Our plant differs somewhat from the grass described by Steudel. It is rather stout than “ slender,” and is nearly two feet high. The leaves are flat, about two lines wide, and; as well as tlie sheaths, are quite rough to the feel. Panicle about three inches long, 7اا‎ the branches fasciculate and somewhat conglom- erate. The flowers are of a purplish tinge: Glumes ` nearly equal, lanceolate, tapering to a long slender point, the lower one rough on ‘the keel, otherwise glabrous ; both of them without lateral nerves. Lower palea less than half the length of ‘the ‘glumes, truncate, with four short teeth at the summit, furnished a little below the middle of the back’ with a nearly straight slender awn, which is nearly twice the length of the valve. Upper palea ‘wanting, Or. SS as a very minute rudiment. Stamens 3. Styles plumose. iie ý CALAMAGROSTIS GIGANTEA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. sêr.) 5, p. 148: ` Prairies and ravines, along the Canadian River. Glumes somewhat coriaceous,” one-nerved, the superior nearly 2-3 times the length of the pales, hairs at the base of the latter more ‘Kian half the length of the valves. Caryopsis oblong, obtuse at each end, large for the size of the spikelet; SPOROBOLUS CRYPTANDRUS, Gray, Man. p. 542. Vilfa eryptandra, Torr..Fl. N. York, 2, 440. EI BOTANY. 155 Var.? foliis angustioribus; panicula exserta, axillis nudis; gluma superiore obtusiuscula. Low places, Galisteo, New Mexico; October. Utricle obovate, somewhat coriaceous, closely investing the ripe seed, but easily separated ; loose before the seed is mature. VILFA TRICHOLEPIS (n. sp.): culmo erecto simplici tereti, nodis distantibus, vaginis glabris, ligula truncata ; foliis angustis (4 lin. latis) utrinque glabri, panieula oblonga, ramulis flex- uosis; glumis subæqualibus acutiusculis valvulas subæquales pilosas t brevioribus. Sandia muitis, New Mexico; October. Culms a foot or 18 inches long, growing in tufts. Branches of the panicle alternate, naked in the axils, when old somewhat open. Pedicels mostly rather longer than the spikelets, which are “about a line in length. Glumes smooth and almost hyaline. Pales nearly equal, very hairy on the back and margins, particularly on the nerves; the lower palea 3-nerved. ` This seems to be a genuine Vilfa. MUHLENBERGIA GRACILLIMA (n. sp.): ceespitosa, glabra; culmo simplici ; foliis — MÀ involutis brevissimis (1-14 poll.), ligula elongata fissa ; panicula diffusa capillari, ramis sub- solitariis; pedicellis spicula (14 lin.) subduplolongioribus ; glumis mutieis lanceolatis, paleis vix duplo brevioribus, palea inferiore glabra apice minute bifido setam ipsa æqualem gerente; callo nudo. Llano Estacado, and near the Antelope hills of the Canadian River; September. Culms (including the panicle) about a foot high, densely ceespitose, erect. Leaves mostly in radical tufts, more or less tortuous. Panicle 5-6 inches long, pyramidal; the branches capillary and widely spreading, alternate, or sometimes opposite. Spikelets lanceolate, mostly purplish. Glumes acute. Inferior palea 3-nerved, slightly 2-toothed at the apex, with a straight awn about the length of the valve, between the teeth of which it is inserted. Superior palea not bicarinate, but rounded on the back. Caryopsis very slender and acute, nearly the length of thé palea. GyYMNOPGON RACEMOSUS, Beauv. Agrost. p. 41, t. 9, f. 5. Anthopogon lepturoides, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 82. Prairies, on Pecan creek, Indian Territory. CHLORIS ALBA, Presl ; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 264. Var. ARISTULATA ` aristis valvule vix dimidio longioribus. C. alba, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 56; Torr. in Emory's Hep. p. 152. Banks of the Upper Rio Grande; October. This is the same as No. 395 of Drummond's 2d Texan collection. The awns are commonly less than half the length of the valves. BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA, Torr. in Emory's Rep. p. 154, (sub Chondrosium.) Pyramid mountain, near Laguna Colorado, and in deep ravines on the Llano Estacado ; September. 70072700۸ OLIGOSTACHYA, Torr.; Gray Man. Bot. ei. 3. $: 553. Atheropogon ای ور‎ Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 78. Prairies on the Canadian; August. BovrELOUA HIRSUTA, Lagasca Elench. p. 5. ‘Chondrosium hirtum, H.B.K.; Kunth, Enum. 1; p. 276. Atheropogon Seege سوہ‎ High sandy prairies, Upper Cross goe of the Canadian ; September. ` e BOREALE, Ledeb.; Steud. Gram. p. 200. P. phleoides. Turcz. Llano Estacado, in deep ravines. This agrees so well with the authentic specimen of P. phleoides received from Fischer that we can hardly regard it as even a variety. It is not uncommon in New Mexico. LEPTOCHLOA MUCRONATA, Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 270. Eleusine mucronata, Micha. Fl. و1‎ p. 65. Banks of Boggy creek, Indian Territory ; August LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS, Gray, Man. ed. 2, p. 550. L.? polystachya, Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 270. Diplachne fascicularis, Torr. Fl. N. York, 2. p. 472. Festuca fasciculatea, Lam. Sandy banks of the Canadian River; August. AIRA ELONGATA, Hook. Fl. Bor. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 253, t. 138. Plains and hill-sides, Mark West’s creek, April 30; Napa Valley, May 5, (a small form.) This is hardly a true Aira. The spikelets are commonly 2-flowered, with a plumose stipitate terminal rudiment. The upper perfect flower is distant from the lower one, on a hairy rachis. - Glumes equal, subulate- pointed, obscurely 3-nerved. Palea bearded at the base; the inferior one unequally 5-toothed at the summit, awned below the middle ; the awn twice the length of the palea, and somewhat 156 BOTANY. geniculate ; upper palea hairy at the tip. Stamen solitary. No. 2030 of Hartweg's Californian collection is the same grass as this. Avena FATUA, Linn. Spec. p. 118; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 302. Hills and plains, Feather River ; Benicia, dc. April and May. This is the common wild oat of California. It may have been introduced by the Spaniards; but it is now spread over the whole country, many miles from the coast. TRICUSPIS MUTICA (n. sp.): cespitosa, glabra; culmo simplicissimo erecto ; foliis convoluto- filiformibus; panicula terminali longe exserta racemosa, ramis brevibus oligostachyis ; spiculis teretiusculis 5-8 floris ; palea inferiore mutica integra vel bifida, margine dorsoque longe ciliata. Laguna Colorado, New Mexico; September. About a foot high, growing in tufts. Root perennial. Culm rigid terete. Leaves 3-6 inches long. Panicle about 3 inches long, the short appressed bearing 3-5 spikelets. Glumes unequal l-nerved, rather acute, scarcely half the length of the spikelets. Inferior palea (after flowering) usually more or less deeply notched, otherwise entire; or when old slightly toothed or eroded ; the midnerve not at all produced into a mucro, and the lateral submarginal nerves scarcely reaching to the summit; the long white hairs confined to the lower half of the nerves. Superior palea one-third shorter than the inferior, notched at the apex, plumose on the margin. Stamens 3; anthers oblong. Styles short, stigmas plumose, purple. Caryopsis oblong, concave on the inner face, finely striated longitudinally. ; TRICUSPIS PULCHELLA. Uralepis pulchella, Kunth, Enum. p. 108, and Suppl. p. 214. Tri- chodia pulchella ZT. B. K. Nov. Gen. 1, t. 41. Gravelly hills, near Albuquerque, New Mexico ; October. A beautiful little grass with densely ceespitose culms and few-flowered panicles, which are crowded among the fasciculate leafy branches. It occurs along the Rio Grande, and south- ward to Mexico. The root appears to be annual, but Kunth says that it is perennial. TRICUSPIS PURPUREA, Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 556. Uralepis purpurea and U. aristulata, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 62. Wet ravines, Elm creek, Indian Territory ; August. ERAGROSTIS Pursuit, Schrad.; Gray, Man, ed. 2, p. 564. Poa pectinacea, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 81, non Michx. Sandy soils on the Rio Grande, near Albuquerque ; October. ERAGROSTIS TENUIS, Gray, l. c. Poa tenuis, Hil. Sk. 1, p. 156. Prairies, and along streams, Upper Cross Timbers of the Canadian; August. E. Frank, Mey., scarcely differs, except in the smaller number of flowers in the spikelets. ERAGROSTIS OXYLEPIS, Torr. in Marcy's Rep. p. 301, 1. 19, (sub Poa.) Poa interrupta, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5, p. 146, non Roth. nec R. Br. Sandy ravines, near the Canadian river. Spikelets larger than usual, and some of them 30—40 flowered. Poa annua, Linn. Spec. p. 99; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 349. San Francisco, April. A common grass in the settled parts of California, and doubtless introduced from Europe. Poa TRIVIALIS, Linn. Spec. Le: Kunth, l. c. Mark West's creek, California; April 30. This also must be an introduced grass. FESTUCA MICROSTACHYS, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad. Phil. (n. ser.) 1, p. 181. Hill-sides, Napa Valley, April 26, (an unusully large form) ; near San Francisco, April 8, (a dwarf state.) This is a polymorphous species. The sheaths of the leaves are often retrorsely pubescent, but not unfrequently smooth. The panicle, in the humbler form, is strict and spikelike; but in more luxuriant specimens several of the lower branches are somewhat elongated, and at length spreading or diverging and secund. In a variety (as we are inclined to regard it) from Mark West's creek the panicle is very open, and the spikelets are all distant and diverging. The palez in some of the specimens from Napa Valley are puncticulate-scabrous, and not hairy. No. 2030 of Hartweg's collection is a variety of this species. FESTUCA TENELLA, Willd. Sp. 1, p. 419? var. ARISTULATA. Hill-sides, Napa Valley. Very likely this may prove to be a distinct species from F. tenella of the Eastern States. Festuca PRATENSIS, Huds.; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 404. Corte Madera and Tomales Bay, April. Introduced ? | A "e BOTANY. | 157 FESTUCA SCABRELLA, Hook, Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 252, t. 233. Hills near Tomales. Bay, Cali- fornia; April 19. A tall glaucous grass (2-3-feet high.) Spikelets 5-flowered and a rudiment. Palez scabrous. BrizoprruM Dovarasu, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 404. Poa Douglasii, Steud, Enum. Pl, Glum. p. 261. Sandy sea shore. Punta de los Reyes. April 17. MELICA POXWOIDES, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. l. c. Corte Madera, California; April 20. Spikelets 3—4-flowered, the uppermost abortive (male or neuter.) In depauperate specimens the spikelets are often but 2-flowered, with rudiment. MELICA IMPERFECTA, Trin. Gram. Suppl. in Act. Petrop. p. 59, and Icon. Gram. t. 355; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 403, (sphalm. M. imperforata.) M. clpodioides, Nees im Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1 p.282; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. p. 291. Red-woods, April 12, (spikelets with two perfect flowers and a capitate rudiment; leaves glabrous;) Mark West's creek, California, April 30, (spikelets with a single perfect flower and a capitate rudiment ; leaves pubescent.) UNIOLA stricta, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, I, p. 153, & in Marcy's Rep. p. 301 & 20, Dry salt marshes, Indian Territory ; August. SESLERIA DACTYLOIDES, Nutt. Gen. I, p. 165 ; Torr. in Emory's Rep. p. 154,t.10. Llano Esta- cado; September. As usual, with male flowers only. We have now examined specimens of this grass collected in very many places, and from an extensive range of country, but haye not yet found it in seed, and very rarely with even abortive pistils. Bromus. CARINATUS, Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 403. Mark West’s creek, April 30. As Hooker & Arnott truly remark, the grass is intermediate between Bromus & Ceratochloa ; but it is nearer the former. Bromus Kazurr, Gray, Man. Bot. N. States, p. 600? Var. ARISTULATUS ; glabrius culus; panicula debile, ramulis elongatis divergentibus, spiculis 6—7-floris; paleis minute pubescentibus, inferiore integro, apice brevissime aristata. Mark West's creek, California. April 30. Bromus CILIATUS, Linn., var. PURGANS, Gray, Man. ed. 2, p. 567. B. purgans, Linn. Moun- tain ravines, on the Par New Mexico ; October. ARUNDO PHRAGMITES, Linn. Sandy وو له‎ of the Canadian river, near the Antelope Hills ; September. Ervwus viLLosus, Muhl. Gram. p. 175; f. GLABRIUSCULUS: radice repente; culmo foliisque glabriusculis ; vaginis inferioribus pubescentibus; spica erecta, spiculis 2-(raro 3;) floris-glumis lanceolato-subulatis scabriusculis breviaristatis ; palea superiore scabra arista ipsa 3-plo longiore. Napa Valley, California; May 6. This grass, though apparently only a variety of E. villosus, is also closely related to E. Europsus. ` HORDEUM pratense, Huds.; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 452. H secalinum, Schreb. H. Chilense, Brongn. It is also No. 2025 of Hartweg, and No. 756 of Coulter. Corte Madera, California ; April. Differs from our Swedish specimens of H. pratense in the lateral flowers being one- valved and neuter; but in this genus the awns of the neuter flowers are variable. SITANION ELYMOIDES, Raf. in Jour. de Phys. 89, p. 103; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. p. 351. Ægilops Hystrix, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 86. Elymus? Sitanion, Schult. Mant. 2, p. 426. Polyan- therix Hystrix, Nees, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 284; Hook. € Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 404. Elymus v. nov. gen. Torr. in Nicollet’s Rep. p. 165. River banks, Mokelumne Hill, California; May 17. We restore the name given by Rafinesque to this grass, because it is the earliest. Our California specimens are nearly two feet high. Indeed, we have never seen the plant of so humble a stature as that described by Mr. Nuttall. It is a widely diffused grass, being found from northern Minnesota to Texas, and west of the Pacific. It is often mistaken for an Elymus. LEPTURUS PANICULATUS, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 81. Llano Estacado, and plains near Galisteo, New Mexico; September—October. This species is remarkable for its triangular branching rachis and long very slender spikes. There is but a single one-flowered spikelet at each joint of the rachis, without any trace of a rudimentary flower. Glumes 2, opposite, contrary to the rachis, 158 BOTANY. very unequal, lanceolate, sharply carinate, each terminating in a bristle as long as itself, Dale somewhat coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, almost terete, long as the upper glume; the inferior acute, rough on the keel; superior pubescent on the back, with two approximate nerves, which are produced into teeth at the summit. Stamens 3; ——— linear. Styles long ; stig- mas plumose on the inside. Caryopsis linear-fusiform, MONROA. Nov. Gen. Spzecule 2-6-flor ; flores sessiles distichi hermaphroditi v. terminali tabescente. Glume 2, suboppositee mucronate, flores multobreviores. Palew 2 herbaece rigide, inferior apice mucronata vel Dier insit aristata, ecarinata, «equilatera, lateribus in spicule Superiores versus basim baribatis, in spicula infima plerumpue glabris. Caryopsis glaberrima, palea superiori obtecta. "Gesuch annuum, repens, ramosissimum, ramis fasciculatis. Spica capituleformi ssepius foliorum tdcminali din | sdfd ds Spiculee 3, 2-0-۰ ”MoNROA SQUARROSA. Crypsis squarrosa, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 49. Hills and ravines, Anton Chico, New Mexico; September. ‘‘On the arid plains of the Upper Missouri, near the Grand Detour, it covers, almost exclusively, thousands of acres." "— Nutt. This grass is very distinct from Crypsis, and belongs, as we think, to the tribe Hordeaces. In the notice of Dr. James’ plants, collected in Long's 1st expedition, (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, 2, p. 254,) it was intimated that it was probably a distinct genus. "The culm is prostrate, much branched from the base ; the branches 3-8 inches long. Leaves 1-2 inches long, flat, 1-2 lines wide, somewhat pungent, scabrous on the margin ; those near the summit of the 0 branches with broad sheaths, embracing the small sessile heads, which thus appear involucrate. Spikelets mostly 3, closely approximated, usually 3d ول‎ Glumes sometimes almost unilateral, linear-lanceolate, carinate. Palez 2-3 times longer than the glumes, lanceolate, acute; the lower one often bifid or 2-toothed at the summit, with a cusp or very short rigid bristle between the teeth, 3-nerved ; the lateral nerves nearly marginal. In the uppermost spikelet, and often in the middle one, these nerves are bearded with long white hairs towards the base; but the flowers of the lowest spikelet are usually quite naked. Superior palea bicarinate, rather obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers linear. Styles long and slender ; stigmas plumose. Achenium compressed, very pner and even, usually covered with the introiloted margin of the superior palea. We dedicate this singular genus to Major Monro, of the East India Company 8 service, who has made the grasses an especial study. ۱ TRITICUM (AGROPYRUM) REPENS, Linn. Prairies, on the Canadian River; August. An awn- less glabrous form, with narrow and somewhat involute leaves. SETARIA GLAUCA, Beauv. ; Kunth, Enum. p. 149. سو‎ of Little Indian — : August. ee vinIDIS, Beauv. ; Kunth, l. c. p. 151. Laguna Colorado, New Mexico; August. PANICUM Crus-Gaztr, Linn. Oplismenus Crus-Galli, Kunth, l. c. 1, p. 143: With the last; also ón the banks of the Pecos, New Mexico. All the specimens from the latter locality belong to the awnless variety. ۱ | PANICUM vIRGATUM, Linn.; Kunth, l. c. p. 100; Torr. FT. N. Y. 2, p. 425. With the last. PANICUM SANGUINALE, EN Torr. Ce p. 423. 'Alluvial thinks of the Canadian, and near Galisteo, New Mexico ; Augnst—October. PANICUM LATIFOLIUM, Linn.; Torr.l.c. p. 425. With the tádt. ; PANICUM OBTUSUM, H. B. K. ? Torr.in Marcy's Rep. p. 299. Plains, Laguna Colorado, New Mexico; September. .— ۱ CENCHRUS TRIBULOIDES, Linn. ; Torr. Fl. New York, 2, p. 931. On the Canadian River, and near Galisteo, New Mexico ; October. DACTYLOIDES, Ein, Micha. Fl. 1, p. 60. Pecan creek, Indian Territory. T. ہے —— BOTANY. 159 cylindricum, Micha. 1. c., is a Rottbollia, (R. cylindrica,) and seems to be the same as R. cam- pestris, Nutt. 1. c. p. 151. ANDROPOGON NUTANS, Linn. A. avenaceus, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 60. Sorghum nutans, Gray, Man. ed. 2, p. 584. With the last. ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS, Michz. l. c. ; Torr. Fl. New York, 2, p. 478. With the preceding, and on the Llano Estacado ; August—September. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS, Lie, Pecan creek and Llano Estacado ; August—September.. Ped- icels of the sterile spikelets clothed with longer and whiter hairs than in the eastern plant. ANDROPOGON JAMESIT, Torr. in Marcy's Rep. p. 302. A. glaucus, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York, 1, p. 152. A. سوب شی‎ Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. p. 392. Comanche Plains, Indian "Tabikory : ; August. LYCOPODIACEAE. SELAGINELLA STRUTHIOLOIDES. Lycopodium struthioloides, Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1, p. 82, (ex. Hook. & Arn.) L. rupestre, ñ. Hook. d: Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 267. Wet rocks, mountains of California and New Mexico; March. SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS, Spring; Brackenridge, Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 331. Mountains of New Mexico. EQUISETACEA. EQUISETUM EBURNEUM, Schreb.; Braun & Engelm. in Sill. Jour. 46, p. 84. E. fluviatile, J. E. Smith, Eng. Bot. t. 2022; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 269. E. Telmateia, Ehrh. Redwoods and mountains near Oakland, California; April. Plant sometimes 3-4 feet high. It is very doubtful whether this species grows on the borders of Lakes Erie and Superior. The station given for it long ago by Dr. Beck, in his Botany of the Northern States, was on my authority, and I was led into the error by the incorrect label attached to a specimen which I received from a correspondent, EqUISETUM ARVENSE, Linn. ; Parekh. Fl. 2, p. 651; Eng. Bot. t. 2020; Braun £ Engelm. l. c. Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 480. In orani owed places, Duffield's Ranch, Sietre Nevada; May 11. EquIsETUM HYEMALE, Linn.; Pursh, l.c. Eng. Bot. t. 914; Braun Engelm. l. c.; - Torr. Ft. AN. York, 1l. c. Santa Rosa Cba, ۶8 May 1. We can hardly DËSE several of “Species allied to E. hyemale, deidad by PERS & Fngolpenn, l. c., for they seem to pass into each other by imperceptible gradations. FILICES. PoLYPODIUM VULGARE B. OCCIDENTALL, poor FL. Bor. Da 2, p. 258. TP. vulgare, Virginianum, Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 5T.. Redwoods, California; April 12. ‘This is nearer. P. vulgare of Europe than is the plant of the Atlantic States, WEE we are now inclined to regard as a distinct species. , PoLYPoDIUM CALIFORNICUM, Kauf. Bim. Fil. p. 102; ` Hook: de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 161 6 405; Hook. Fl. Bor. —Amer. 2, p. 258. "Mountains near ZA Gabriel ; April 5. Differs from the preceding. in the 22 fronds, shorter and rather Ce pinne. The figure in the Icones Filicum of Hooker and Greville (t. 56, P ان چو‎ of that work) represents a dwarf state of this species. . PoLYPODIUM INTERMEDIUM, Hook. £ ‘Arn. Le p. 405; Hook: Le ` Rocky ravines, Cajon Pass ; March. This plant greatly resembles P. Californicum, ; and is. chiefly distinguished from it by the oval sori. ALLOSORUS ANDROMED AXOLIOS, "Kaulf. Enum. Fà p. 188. : ہے‎ andromedefolia, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech., p. 406. Hill-sides, Cajon Pass, California. This seems to be the plant described 160 BOTANY. by Kaulfuss, although the next species has often been taken for it. Dr. Parry collected it near Monterey. Our specimens more than a foot high. The pinnules vary from 3 to 5-foliolate. ALLosoRUS MUCRONATUS, D. C. Eaton, in Sill. Jour. (2d ser.) 22, p. 138. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada ; valley of the Sacramento, Dr. Stillman; California, Douglas. Our specimens are much larger than the plant described by Mr. Eaton, of which we have duplicates from that promising young botanist. It is often more than a foot high, the pinnæ 10 to 20, and these pinnate, with the pinnules trifoliolate, somewhat verticillate, and crowded. It is much more common than the last species. ADIANTUM CHILENSE, Kaulf. Enum. p. 207; Hook. Fil. 2, p. 43, t. 15, B. Deep ravines near Los Angeles; also in Napa Valley and near the Redwoods, California ; March. ADIANTUM PEDATUM, Linn.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 487; Brack. l. c. Redwoods; April. ` This differs somewhat from the plant of the Atlantic States, in being more slender, with the lobes of the frond broader at the base, and more deeply cut, but it can hardly be considered even as a distinct variety. PTERIS LANUGINOSA, Kaulf. l. c.; Hook. & Arn. l. c. Rocks near San Francisco Mountain, Western New Mexico. ONYCHIUM DENSUM, Brackenridge, Ferns of the U. S. Expl. Exped. 1, p. 120, t. 13. Wet places, Grass Valley, California; May. This neat and rare fern has much the appearance of Allosorus acrostichoides ; and Sir William Hooker says it must be removed to that genus or to Pellea. It is beautifully figured in the work here quoted. HYPOLEPIS CALIFORNICA, Hook. Fil. 2, p. 11, t. 88, 4. Mountains near San Gabriel, also near Marysville, California. Mr. Schott found it in Sonora. CHEILANTHES FENDLERI, Hook. Fil. 2, p. 103, t. 107, B. On rocks near the mouth of White Cliff Creek, Western New Mexico. CHEILANTHES BRADBURII, Hook. l. c. p. 97, t. 109, B. New Mexico, not rare. CHEILANTHES VESTITA, Swartz; Hook. l c. p. 98, t. 108, B. On rocks in various parts of New Mexico. Extremely woolly when young. NoTOOHLENA DEALBATA, Kunze, in Sill. Jour. (2d ser.) 6, p. 83. Cheilanthes dealbata, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 675. Rocky hills, San Domingo, New Mexico. A beautiful and delicate fern, remark- able for the sharply zigzag branches or the rachis, and the white incrustation on the under surface of the frond. GYMNOGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS, Kaulf. Enum. p. 13; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 153; Hook. ۰ Bor.—Am. 2, p. 259. Hills and rocky places, Cajon Creek, and Redwoods. Young fronds sulphur-yellow underneath, (in dry specimens) ; = old ones brown. ‘This species occurs also in New Mexico. Woopwarpra RADICANS, Willd. Sp. 5, p. 418; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 162 & 405. W. Chamissonis, Brack. l. e. p. 138. Cajon Pass; March; in fine fruit, probably of the preceding season. Mr. Brackenridge considers this to be distinct from W. radicans. Like W. Virginica, it belongs to the genus Doodia of R. Brown, which is now generally regarded as a section of Woodwardia. Cysropreris FRAGILIS, Bernh.; Hook. l. c. p. 260. Aspidium tenue, Willd. Sp. 5, p. 280. Hill-sides, Yuba River, SC and other parts of California. The indusium at first has a long lacerate apex which lies over the joint, but which finally breaks oif, leaving the broad cucullate or cup-shaped base. ASPDIUIM MUNITUM, Kaulf. Enum. p. 230; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 162. Polystichum munitum, Presl.; Brack. l. c. p. 203. Mountains near Oakland, and on hill-sides along the Yuba, Downieville, California. This species varies greatly in size, and in the length of its pinne. It is allied to A. acrostichoides of the Eastern States. Asprprum (LASTREA) ARGUTUM, Kaulf. l. c. p. 242; Hook. de Arn.l.c. Lastrea arguta, Brack. l. c. p. 196. Mountain ravines, Oakland, Cajon Pass, and near San Francisco. This species wp nag > BOTANY. 161 as a general resemblance to A. rigidum, Sw. The soriare as large as in A. marginale. When young, the stipe and rachis are thickly clothed with chaffy scales. ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM, Swartz; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2, p. 261; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 498. Deep ravines, Napa Valley, California. Some of our specimens agree better with A. lobatum than with A. aculeatum ; but we fully agree with Hooker, that these and A. angulare con- stitute but one species. Kating thinks that a part, at least, of the North American forms of A. aculeatum should be referred to A. (Polystichum) Braunii, Spenn. Fl. Frib. SALVINIACE2. AzoLLA CAROLINIANA, Willd. Sp. 5, p. 541; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 513. A. microphylla, Kaulf.; Hook. de Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 162. On the surface of slow-flowing or stagnant waters, Western New Mexico and California. 21+ ua ہے کے‎ s Pe sa 3 uL ae. ۳ى۷" bas; bufeib qii‏ Ge EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. | Pram I. CROSSOSOMA CALIFORNICA. —Pacz 63. e ， A BRANCH OF THE NATURAL SIZE. | Fig. 1. A branch with the leaves more fully developed, and the carpels half mature. 2. Plan of the flower. 3. A sepal.’ 4. A petal. 5 and 6. Front and back views of a stamen. 7. A flower, longitudinally divided, to show the insertion of the stamens ; all the figures moderately and equally enlarged. 8. Transverse section of an ovary ; more enlarged. 9. An ovule; considerably magnified. Prate Il. VIOLA SHELTONII. 一 PAGE 67. AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 1. Three of the petals ; enlarged. 2-4. Different views of a stamen. 5. An anther divided transversely. The pistil; all the figures magnified. Prag Ill. THAMNOSMA MONTANUM.—Pace 73. TWO BRANCHES OF THE NATURAL SIZE-— ONE IN FLOWER, THE OTHER IN FRUIT. Fig. 1. Plan of the flower. Lë 2. A separate flower ; modemid enlarged. | 3. The same, with the calyx and petals removed. ۱ 4. Immature fruit, dee the meng ` or prolongation of the سیے‎ disk. 5. Ovary, with one of the carpe inall d, | 6. The same reu eder سے‎ sec ! 7. An ovule; more magni 8. The fruit; enlarged. 9. Seed, longitudinally divided ; magnified. 1 7 Dag IV. HOSACKIA INCANA.—Pace 79. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Aer Fig. 1. The banner, a wing, and one of the keel-petals ; considerably magnified. 2. Stamineal tube, laid open ; equally magnified. The pistil, longitudinally divided ; also equally magnified. 4. An ovule; highly magnified ye Pirate V. SPIRAEA MILLEFOLIUM.--Pace 83. UPPER PART OF THE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 1. Plan of the flower. 2. A petal; magnified. 3. A stamen; equally magnified. 4. Fructiferous calyx ; also equally magnified. 5. A separate carpel. 164 Fig. = ا s‏ خر ان ج ۰ a ANEP YA y > GER > دص SE p. کر‎ bp > y. RB e p > t نم‎ = EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE VI. HORKELIA TRIDENTATA.--PAGE 84. AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. . Àn expanded flower and two buds ; enlarged. . The flower laid open; a little more enlarged A petal ; magnified. A stamen ; more magnified. . The head of pistils. An achenium, with its persistent style. PLATE VII. WHIPILEA MODESTA.-—Pacx 90. AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. A separate flower ; moderately enlarged. A sepal ; and, A petal; both a little more enlarged. Front view of a stamen Back view of the same; equally magnified. Pistil, transversely divided ; more magnified. more magnified, A flower, longitudinally divided ; considerably magnified. Plan of the flower. PrATE VIII. CORNUS SESSILIS.—Paae 94. A BRANCH OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Umbel of flowers and involucre. The involucre ; shown separately. exterior leaf of the same. Interior leaf of the same. A separate flow The same, eg m of the petals and stamens removed to show the teeth of the calyx. The fruit. Dag IX. HOFMEISTERIA PLURISETA.—Pace 96. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. A separate flower; enlarged. The corolla of the same laid open ; more magnified. A stamen ; still more magnifi Two pales and a hair of the pappus; more magnified. An achenium, crowned with its pappus; considerably magnified. Involucre and receptacle ; moderately magnified. PLATE X. ASTER BIGELOVII.—-DPacg 97. UPPER PORTION OF THE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. A ray flower. A branch of the style from the same. A separate stamen from the same. Style and its branches, T à disk flower. An achenium .- A hair of the pappus ; pil magnified. amare mea. gag EN بعد‎ EXPLANATION OF THE PRATES. 165 Prate XI. APHANTOCHETA EXILIS. 一 PAGE 100. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Fig. 1. A head of flowers, moderately enl Fig. “er? ہد کی‎ Pe 2. ۳۳ م۳‎ cues SEPSA arged. Involucre and receptacle, from which the flowers have fallen, more enlarged. nd 4. Scales of the involucre, equally magnified. A psa rdum A perfect flow A assi Metro agnified, Summit of the style dà a pistillate flower, equally magnified. ed. . Style of a perfect flower, equally magnifi > rged. henium, enla PrATE XI. EVAX CAULESCENS.—Pacy 101. A plant of the natural size A head of flowers ; verdad. section, enlarged. Involucre and receptacle ; more enlarged. Inside view of one of the pales from the summit of the receptacle. One of the men inde the female flowers. A female flow An achenium ; ved details all magnified. Pirate XII. LINOSYRIS BIGELOVII.—Paag 98. A BRANCH OF THE NATURAL SIZE. A SEN : Dec ac A stam magnifi The ES more nad An achenium, with its pappus ; enlarged. Receptacle ; enlarged. PraATE XIII. STYLOCLINE GRAPHALOIDES.—Pace 101. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Involucre and receptacle Receptacle, with a male flower on its summit, and its subtending palea. - A stamen One of in fertile flowers enclosed in its large palea. Dorsal view of a fertile palea. Vertical view of the same. Transverse section of the same ; to show the way in which the achenium is enclosed in a dorsal fold of the palea. A مد‎ flower. An achenium ; the details variously magnified. Prae XIV. QUERCUS ECHINACEA.—Pace 137. A BRANCH OF THE NATURAL SIZE. A leaf without serratur 2. An acorn ; both figures T. the natural size. Dag XV. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS FREMONTII.—Pace 106. AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. Invoiucre and receptacle. A ray flower. A disk flower. A separate stamen. Style and its branches. Portion of the syntrichous pappus of the leaves of the same ; hich! y magnified. 166 Fig. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XVI. LAYIA PENTACHZETA.—Pack 108. A FLOWERING BRANCH OF THE NATURAL SIZE。 1. Vertical section of part of a head of flowers ` wears 2. A ray flower, with its embracing involucral scal 3. A marginal = of the receptacle. 4. A disx flow 5. A stamen w ch same; magnified. 6. Style of a ray flower ; magnified. 7. Style of a disk flower; equally vet SET 8. Involucre and receptacle ; enlar 9. Achenium of a ray flower ہہت‎ its scale. 10. Achenium of a disk flower, with its pappus; the details variously magnified. Prate XVII A. CALAIS BIGELOVII. 一 PAGE 113. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. ç r A separate flower; magn ified. . Divisions of the style, showing the stigmatic lines ; highly magnified. =. An exterior achenium, and 4. An interior achenium ; both ee enlarged. 5. A separate palea of the pappu Prate XVII, B. CALAIS TENELLA.— PAGE 114. . 6. A separate flower ; m agnified. 7. Divisions of the style; highly magnified. 8. An achenium, destitute of pappus. 9. Another achenium crowned with two awned palez. 10. The receptacle. The last three figures equally magnified. PrarE XVIII. CALAIS CYCLOCARPHA.—Pace 113. : is flower; magnified. stamen ; more highly e i € pun gemi magnified. 4. Ana ium cr wned with its pappus ; magnified. 5. A Zeg: palea ; e magnified. 6. Receptacle ; enlarged PLATE XIX. ERIOGONUM LACHNOGYNUM.—Pace 132. AN ENTIKE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. o e سیت‎ from which several flowers protrude ; magnified. th laid ed. : Perian Open; more magnifi pedicel, with a pair of و‎ at its base ; equally magnified. ge A third and broader bracteole, inserted exterior to the itat: equally magnified. 4. The pistil ; more magnifi 5. A ripe achenium ; considerably enlarged. 6. Embryo, from the 了 PrATE XX. OBIONE HYMENELYTRA.—Pace 129. 1. A branch, with male flowers, of the natural size. 2. A branch from a female plant, with fruit, of the natural size. 3. A male flower ; magnified. x A female flower ; also magnified. . The same, with one bract removed to show the pistil ; more enlarged. 6. Embryo; considerably magnifi Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Prare XXL DAMASONIUM CALIFORNICUM.—Pacr 142, AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE. : Plan of the flower. 5. A pistil, laid open to show the position of the ovule. 6. A ripe achenium ; considerably magnified T. Seed; still inore magnified. Prae XXII. SCOLIOPUS BIGELOVII. 一 PAGE 145. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE, 1. A separate flower. 2. A sepal, with a stamen, seen anteriorly. 3. A 4, Anther, with part of the filament, posterior view. 5. Pistil, with the ovary divided transversely ; a petal and a stamen. 6. Portion of the ovary divided transversely and vertically. 7. Anovule. The details, except figure 1, more or less magnified. Pirate XXII. STROPHOLIRION CALIFORNICUM. —Paacg 149. AN ENTIRE PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZR, e The perianth laid open ; moderately enlarged, . The pistil ; more enlarged. 2 A ripe pod, showing the dehiscence 4. One of the carpels of the same, laid open and showing the seed. b. pra section of a pod. ` ; considerably magnified. 了 ti 8 سو‎ be erased. Prarg XXIV. ODONTOSTOMUM HARTWEGII.—Pace 150. AN ENTIRE PLANT (EXCLUSIVE OF THE ROOT) OF THE NATURAL SIZE. 1. The unopened perianth ; magnified. 2. Flower laid open ; رسیم‎ magnified. 3. A stamen ; more m 5 Part of the ovary ; موز‎ Da divided and magnified. . An ovule; also magnified. verse section of an ovary. ` Immature fruit. PrATE XXV. ۶0084۸110811174 STRIATA.—Pacer 152. A PLANT OF THE NATURAL SIZE, IN FLOWER AND FRUIT. . 1. A flower; moderately enlarged. magnified. 2. Lip of the same ; 3. The column ; equally magnified. * [ncorrectly named C. Macrei on the plate. SCA Trim H ۳ Ae له له نا‎ + A & SURVEYS enn EX SPRR U Plate IV BO TANY, X Akerman LES roadway NY Ke, Ñ — P ES 07 EYS 36*+PARALLEL USPRREX &SURV Y, Broadway NY 了 BOTANY Plate uh. PRIUS; Acker AR EA Ey 0 USPRREX SURVEYS 3€*PARALLEL k USPRREX 4 SURVEYS 35* PARALLEL. rm EE E INT E A Y ۶ و‎ | | |; 1 | | | Ackerman Lih 379Broad way NY HORKELIA TRIDENTATA TISPRREXSSURVEYS3GSPARATIET, r USPRREX &SURVEYS 35"PARALLEL BOTANY Plate VIII. CORNUS SESSILIS. | Acker mà Lith 310 Broadway N Y 05 : E: S (3 2 ` < ALLEL. 236-7 & SURVEYS USPRREX. USPRREX &SURVEYS 35*PARALLEL Lit 了 k 379 Broadway NY ckerman A ASTER BIGELOVIL e Xi BOTANY. Flat USPRREX.&SURVEYS 35$ PARALLEI 3 OVI EL سیخ ‘Gi‏ x‏ 1 B SYRIS LINO ` NN SS SS &PAR L 8/36 PRAEXS& SURVEY 5 U.SPRREX & SURVEYS 358PARALLEL. BOTANY Plate XIV. i | I | | | | | | 1 n | سی‎ | f Tis 29^ ? ACA Ackerman Lih I2bBroriwa NY OUERCUS ECHINACEA USPRREXXSURVEYS 358 PARALLEL t BOTANY.Plate XV | | $ ` is Ea AREA Sw IW Sy Yi ** [Ze zb o7 S ta AN EE uer OER ee E PPI OAS A E Ee, R A E e ie "eg 7 Ackerman L ith 379 Broad way N Y SYN TRICHOPAPPUS FREMONTIL a h la da ` Gg “ K tat em pr 2 i á ) and th. #4 Breadia É rr y due USPRREXSSURVE Y S 58PARALLE] Za en SC ی‎ SEE” = BOTANY PlateXV — ud —— e ZE aJ 1 L BOTANY, Plate US PR REX %SURVEYS 358PARALLEL Broadway NY 2 J BOTANY. Plate Ackermand ith + VS 36@PAR ALT ET OSPRREX2SURVE . BOTANY Plate XX cael poma Re Wet Ea SED due tr.‏ مو یی و ar‏ + x Adermand ith 9B roadway NY 9 Broadway Y BOTANY Plate S 36% PAR سے +جر‎ EE E e iyi E و‎ EE USPRREX&SURVEYS, 35%PARALLEI, BOTANY Plate XXII SCOLIOPUS BIGELOVIL 二 LULEL A i FX SURVEYS 35RPAR E USER y NY 2 Bro adway N 37. d Ackerman Lith. e 1 av NE Y ERE M E HI RE E A READER] ACE CRT e EE ERN ODONTOSTOMUM HARTWEGI INDEX TO BOTANY. [The regular names of Species, Genera, and Natural Orders are in Jialic. Synonyms and names of plants otherwise noticed are in Roman.*] Page. : Page. Abies balsamea 141 | Allium acuminatum 148 bracteata 140 cernuum 148 Douglasii 141 amplectens š 148 Abronia arenaria p 131 falcifolium تد یی :>> :2 ےے ہے‎ EEN 18 cycloptera 131 tribracteate 148 ra دب‎ aati 131 | Alnus viridis 137 micrantha 13 borealis 154 Abutilon parvulum EE gpg p ی سک رح‎ n 72 geniculatus 154 O eae EE Bh, Län Dokles سالک کے کک ےہ ہہ ہہ‎ AIR a 69 trifida 84 Michauxii 69 Acanthogonum rigidum 133 | Amarantacer 2 e 130 Acer glabrum 74 | Amarantus albus 130 macrophyllum ۰ 74 greecizans 130 Negundo 74 retroflecus 130 parti -=------- 73 tamariscinus 130 Aceracece بت‎ y ; 73 Amaryllidacea 151 Acerates cordifolia ` ---- | Ambrosia aptera 102 Achillea Millefolium- - - - 2 - -- 2 109 3 coronopifolia 102 AE QUEM. — هه ده ای جا سے کت ےھچ کے مہ ھت‎ es i 106 | Amblyopappus Neo-Mericanus.^ -........---......- 106 Achyrachaena mollis 108 ; icd 85 Acteea alba 63 rayos Nuttallii 144 rubra 6 Ammannia latifolia -------- 86 spicata 63 | Am a AR 99 108 | Amorpha canescens 78 argentea 10 hiachy loides 98 glabra 108 A uh o 77 EE E ee 107 | Amsinckia spectabitis --- 124 Richardsonii. 107 intermedia 124 OPO ican 108 | Anacardiacee ------ EE ok POOT T DEAN A e a 84 | Anagallis arvensis 118 Adiantum Chilense 160 | Andropogon avenaceus ۱ sé pedatum ہے‎ .---- 160 J Actinomeris squarrosa 104 glaucus -..---------- ---+----- ----- 159 JEgilops Hystrix 157 Jamesii 159 Californica 74 nutans 159 flava ۱ 74 scoparius 159 ; Agraulus brevifolius ۱ 154 | . Torreyanus MD EM d 154 | A TT 、 人 155 | Anemopsis Californica ua P EE + 84 | Anoplantáus بط‎ ge ہے‎ ae سیت سے‎ 84 | Antennaria argentea identalis ۱ 84 = n 4 Rp N a x 82 Anthericum pomeridianum 148 Alisma rostrata a ‘a Alismacee . 142 Nuttallii 144 WT Eege 159 | Anthopogon lepturoides 156 ^ == 160 | Aphanocalais : 02 mucronatus ..-------- - : T مس مھ‎ *Pr i " " ۱ d from their ordinary use in puch cases. This was discovered aner tno indes mas set up, E فور ہی یسا ے‎ rapidity with which ppd i wae 1o inia to moxa D: e change. The author thinks it is proper to state was done Ple was mot able lo revise the proofk- 227 170 INDEX TO BOTANY。 Aphanostephus Arkansanus exilis Aphantoc. Apiastrum angustifolium Arbutus Menziesii Arceuthobium campylopodum.................... eryptopodum Oxycedri Arctostaphylos glauca Hookeri Page. 8 Aster divaricatus Fendleri levis multiflorus Novi- Bdgii Nuttallii patens paucifl Asteranthemum vulgare theropogon oligostachynum papillosus mmm mmm mm سے سے ےہ ہے‎ mm Astragalus didymocarpus IDRNYSUS T ww mollissimus. Astrophia littoralis Atriplex argentea Audibertia humilis Avena fatua A lan ,روآ موم برم‎ ۷ nrarhnmden confertiflora lanata latifolia oppositifolia Barbar vul. vu Bartonia albicanlis Batis vermicularis Berberida (cem Berberis Aquifolium Fendleri Berula ancustifoli Betulacece ` A INDEX TO BOTANY. Blitum Bonus- Henricus capitat Roraginacece DOT ۷)0 Boschniakia strobilacea. ` - - — m Brom us carincdlus Kalmii B 7 lin chrysostoma a lanosa - SC "éi tenerrima دب‎ 8 Calais Bigelovii Zare? cyclocarpha nah Douglasii 2: linearifolia laciniata 23 Lindleyi....... - macrocheta nutans. major x: lolitas 2 apti En soris sën - tenella Calamagrostis او‎ E SE Calandrinia Menziesii uu speciosa. z Calliandra humilis- -- --- "EE SN Calliprora lutea ----------- ou Callirrhoé involucrat Nuttallii. -ss o سس‎ pedunculosa. --- d Calochortus elegans ---------------------------- luteus 22222 Diox nitidus CH i3 FOES a> uniflorus --------------------------- Calycadenia cephalotes EE multiglandulosa. ----------- پچ‎ Meise Cal, = gës Camassia esculenta- = = = = === Fraseri ....----.--------------------- سو"‎ 770 2 fino ۷ ار‎ ۳۲ ui. m geet ege Caprifoliacem. ee ooo لہ عو ری مو جو رو ور مو مض A‏ عم ھا ہہ موا واھہ سای aedem‏ Cardamine p naucisecta. pe Elena ا ا‎ anpa Carex Cher اع عم سا سا سے s‏ و Mae‏ جا بب بد بد eMe‏ بن aisi e ci up ہو ہے‎ i; ia eo. dd, دہ‎ en m کک‎ ER m یب ی‎ din de up Vr اا ا‎ e رر وہ‎ = و vire) Ee oS OS SS si‏ ری بر تپ ہے نے یں A v ار‎ oo — — = md rmm m Qe مد ند‎ eege بن جم‎ Warm ET رش چس راس gege‏ ا qup aep‏ tati‏ حر دب عو سا کے لے o--‏ مویہ وہ 172 INDEX TO BOTANY. Page. Page. Chenopodium album š 129 | Corispermum hyssopifolium ....---. š 130 aristatum 7 129 | Cornaceæ Les 3 94 hybridum ......... 129 | Cornus circinata "as 95 Virginicum 129 uttallii Pree 94 Chenopodina maritim 130 pubescens -...---... 5 95 ENEE 116 sessilis ; : 94 Menziesii - 116 BON Ee cei 95 Ch 0 156 | Cosmos bipinnatus 104 | Chlorogalum pomeridianum .... .... E 148 | Cotula coronopifolia 110 divaricatum.... ER 148 | Cowania Mexicana 84 | ` ëmge "eege? Sch 155 Stansburiana > 84 Chondrosi 155 | Crassulacee... . 89 0 Sagesse 132 | Crategus cocci ۱ 86 pungens - 132 81100111036 - 86 C hrysopsis foliosa 08 99 Crossosoma Californica ; 63 hispida ; i 99 | Cruciferae 64 Chrysothamnus لے دج‎ > oe 99 ھن‎ de Californica 115 Cirsium altissi: 112 | Cucumis perennis. ۔۔۔‎ 89 Los 3 Californicum : 112 | Cucurbita perennis 89 | undulatum ida 112 | Cupulifere - 137 | Clarkia elegans ig 57 | Cuscuta Californica | 127 Clavigera brachyphylla 96 | Cyclachena xanthiifolia ۱ 102 Claytonia ۵ bid 70 | Cyclanthera dissecla. __ : 89 rol Na m ^ 10 Cyclobothra alb 146 exigua ae? 71 elegans 146 和 71 nitida .... 146 lanceolata Ge 7 70 palchella 146 linearis واه‎ iia 71 | Cycloloma platyphy 129 parviflora h 71 | Cymopterus mont 92 perfoliata وت‎ dees 70 | Cynapium apüfolium 93 اا 728 10 ا‎ 71 Bigelovii 94 : VE t 71 | Cynoglossum grande 124 Clematis Bigelovii ........ Beni 61 | Owperacec ... 152 eem pa 61 | Cyperus ۵ 152 ligusticefolía --- SE 61 inflexus 152 grifoli TS 67 A coa o a SaS sss 152 eg EE 67 Michauxianus 152 serrulata - 61 phymatodes ........ 152 Clintonia Andrewsiana - ke: 150 Tee 152 COTY DOE ame e 116 | Cystopteris fragilis... ....- 160 à pulchella ----- a 116 qasachay Q E ete 78 ' Coll Di 119 aurea 78 BEPAR E EERE eiaa AS e 119 formosa 78 PEN. il مسمسرجواتین تت ت‎ ECH 7 119 Jamesii 78 sparsiflora = x ` ` lanata 18 ge E سب مج مج‎ 119 laxiflora 78 Collomia glutinosa LL Gm 125 nana 5 مھ ساےہ ا‎ Cb il lel سو‎ 15 spinosa T CD 134 | Damasonium Californicum - __ 142 Pon netta snas uns. dil dini ME RA sa 95 1 se mitra n 143 Comare سا می سے‎ "su مر ور سس‎ 140 | Daphnidostylis pungens 116 — O E S 94 | Dasylirion Bigelovii “0 151 Conoclinium calestinum ۰ھ‎ 96 | Datiscacee 135 Conocida LL T e — ` 127 | Daucus brachiatus 93 Convolvulus arvensis رتیه وو شس دوس ھا‎ 121 pusillus 93 人 127 | Ddphinium azureum 63 ten, subdecurreng E o.” ” coccineum ... 62 ns due E as decorum ۱ 3 ZU a سو مک‎ sareen ; 152 decorum .. e ene 63 Delphinium nudicaule 3 INDEX TO BOTANY. patens P 4 sarcoph yl lum Dendromecon rigidum D 11 speciosum Desmanthus brachylobus Canadense cuspidatum paniculatum Deweya acaulis arguta Dicentra formosa Dicheta congesta Dichelostemma Diotis lanata Diplachue fascecularis Diplacus glutinosus tanthus longiflorus igidu integrifolium Media cuneifolia Drimophyllum pauciflorum Dysmicodon Californicum perfoliatum Dysodia chrysanthemoides Echeveria lanceolata. reclinata Elephantopus Carolinianus Eleusine mucronata Elymus Europæus villosus Elymus Sitanion Lé ? d Eschscholizia Californica Douglasii um ter Epimedium hetrandrum Equisetacer Eremiastrum bellioides Ericacece Ericameria Erigeron Bellidiastrum divaricatum divergens v florifera Philadelphicum stenophyllum eng Eriusimum asnerum wv p erandiflorum gra Eriodyction angustifolium crassifolium glutinosum m Eriogonum alatum Eri»horum oracle 2" 3 angustifolium ——————————————- nn == ————— ...s............. rr mr M el 174 INDEX TO BOTANY. Eucnide lobata Eunanus Bigelovii Coulteri Douglas d وج‎ Ot U E EE FE E Buon occidentalis atropurpureus edad. تو‎ = ageratoides ---- altissimum Anum. commutata Nuttallii parviflora Frælichia Drummondii 2 loridana gracilis n. A Fumaria formosa Fumariacee £ wallets " AA pulchella Lindheimeri laurifolia Gaura biennis coccinea ---- heterandra 0 varviflora E ار‎ Gayophytum Nuttallü Gentianacece Geraniacee Geranium albiflorum androsacea ———— ——— ۰ eee oo cr rs mm لہ‎ L | | INDEX TO BOTANY. Page. Hedysarum boreale 82 Hymenonema laciniatum ---------- Helenium autumnale 107 ` وہ سے بے ہے‎ t اہ سے یس سی‎ Bigelovii 107 Hymenopappus y h Mexicanum IM | Stl De Helianthus ciliaris 104 lutens ) doronicoides 103 Nuttalli SONAS هام هجو و وا‎ e mmm SE 103 tenuifolius o Moi 103 | Hypeaicaceæ lanticularis 103 Hypericum anagalloides Maximiliani 103 H. ltis Californica petiolaris 103 | Hex myrsinites 103 | Indigofera leptosepala, ILH, E ltifl 10 3 Infantea Helogyne fasciculata 96 | Ipomea sagittata Hemi "ph bsq 152 sagittifolia i Hemizonia congesta ----------- 109 | 08 : filipes, (advert.) 109 | Tris Douglasiana ; ' Fitchii 109 ) luzulefolia 108 macrosiphon Heracleum Douglasii 92 Missouriensis ¿anatum 92 Isolepis carinata Hesperocnide tenei 139 is maritimum 148 subsquarrosa Heterocadon rariflorum 116 | Isopappus divaricatus TTT is ATEM 104 | Pea ciliata Heterothica grandifi 99 ia Americana Heuchera micrantha 89 | Juncaginee pilosi == 222225222255 O 89 | Juncacee Hibiscus Moscheutos == 72 Juncus bufonius ۶۱4 i3 É 了 154 zip ++ھ.‎ 0 Hoff manseggia. drepanocarpa 82 | Junipe idental i Jt 82 zachyphilea stricta 82 tetragona Hof meisteria pluriseta 96 Virginiana Hi e 106 Keutrophyta montana Hordeum Chilense 157 irides 157 rameriacece secalinum 157 | KEreameria laneeclala geseet cei use Horkelia capi 84 Krinitzkia biscarp š fusca 84 Xx Ed ag ¡pateriorides parviflora 84 | Labiate tridentata 84 | Lagophylla dichstoma Hosackia bicolor 79 A iie ی سین‎ didit Gane e 19 faskexa پاش لی ایر‎ grandiflora. 79 Lastrea anguis 7 79 Lathyrus decaphyllus A ions qm atn mem uo 79 ochroleucus BO و و ا خی‎ T9 €-— O... ادج رس هد‎ parvij 79 De cnc I — a و کم ہے‎ 19 ven ۹09 - rubella 79 vestitus stolonifera- --..------------- ---------- 79 | Louracem __. Purshiana 79 Layia calliglossa strigora 79 carnosa subpinnata 79 gaillardioides 7 95 heterotricha zt 了 hyll 124 peritacheta Hydrophyllum capitatum.......----------------++ 125 platyglossa وت‎ EL 104 | 1601018000969 EE tenuifolium 104 | Lemnaceæ 176 INDEX YO BOTANY. e. Lemna minor 142 Lupinus Menziesii m 142 micranthus 2-2 MEREPSE Lepachys columnaris a 103 nanus 103 ornatus Lepidium alyssoides 67 rivularis flavum 67 sparsi, nilidum 66 Luzula campestris Wrightii 67 | Lycium fragrosum Leptochloa fascicularis ...------------+ ===. 7 155 Lycopodi nta 155 Ly di pestr 一 polystachya 155 struthioloides ..-.....—-.-.. PS Leptosyne Douglasii 104 Lygodesmia junc: i j ia Californica 92 Lythrae Lepturus y 18 157 Macheranthera tanacetifalia ------ Lespedeza capitata 82 canescens G cE RO 82 Macrorhynchus Chilensis Lewisia red 71 cynthioides Liatris punctata 96 grandiflorus elegans 96 heterophyllus squarrosa 96 humilis Libocedrus decurrens 140 levigatus Liliacece 145 Lessingii Lilium Canadense 146 retrorsus D ; 13 pterocarpus ..... سے‎ 703 Limnanthes alba 13 Madaria corymbosa A EENS 73 elegans rosea 73 sativa Linosyris Bigelovii. 98 ‘oglossa gr 98 | Mahonia fascicularis pulchella ë 99 | Majanthemum bifolium Wright: 98 Malva borealis Linacece a ren roe 72 ۰ obtusa Linaria Canadensis a a 119 066608 سے ہے سب‎ Lilium Californicum ; 72 Malvastrum coccineum perenne Weck A 12 rigidum ; ادال‎ 12 Maruta Cotula Lithophragma heterophylla. 7 ٤ ۳ۃ‎ 90 Matricaria discoid Lithospermum canescens — 124 Meconella Calif plebeium. 124 Meconopsis Lith 13 | Melampodium cinereum Lobeliacece 116 | Melanthacee Lodsacere 89 Melica colpodi ہے ری‎ Lonicera Californica 95 imperfecta hispidula. 95 imperforata i 95 praoides Loranthaceo 134 Melilotis parviflora Lot bpinnatu 79 'enticu sericeus. 79 Mentzelia albicaulis Lowellia aurea 104 Lindleyi Ludwigia nat 37 multiflora Lupinus albifrons 81 nuda bicolor. 81 oligosperma ....-..------ cytisoides ۱ 81 At y PN" if. AA decumbens 81 AL 1 y 4 densiflorus. 81 | Mesembryanthemum dimidiatum latifolius 81 | Micropus Californicus laziflorus Ra 81 | Microtenia --- .-------------- دی حا‎ leptophyllus ------------------------- ES 81 | Mimulus brevip macrocarpus EE 8l bicolor 一 rá Mimulus floribundus INDEX TO BOTANY. incon spi cuus moschatus Meehringia umbrosa Mohavea viscida Monardella candicans Monolopia lanceolata major Monroa squarrosa Montia — Muhlenbergia gracillima Chorisiana š flaccida Scouleri Myricaceae Myrica Californica Xal apen sis | | | | GEnothera. Jamesü lepida [gr *e Onopordon Acanthium ---- Y densum Oplismenus Crus-galli r Oréophila myrtifolia Orobanchacece Orobanche Californica us littoralis Orthocarpus attenuatus castilleioi densiflorus erianthus faucibarbatus ------ Jloribundus lithospermoides pusillus Osmorhiza brachypoda Oxalidacece Oxalis Acetosella ہے سے سے ————————— 178 INDEX TO BOTANY. e Page Page | Paryonchia sessiliflora 70 | Pinus contorta 141 incanum 102 is. 140 Pectidopsis 35 Engelmanni 141 ifolia 95 flexilis 141 Pectocarya Chilensis 124 insignis 141 linearis. 124 Lambertiana 141 Pedicularis densifl 122 Sabiniana. . - ` ` 141 attenuata 122 Plantaginacec 117 Pentacheta aurea 99 | Plantag t 117 Pentstemon azureus 119 Bigelovii.....- 117 eviflorus 119 ۹ 7 centranthifolius 119 deci pi ens 117 heterophyllus 119 filiformis ; 117 Lewisii 119 gnaphaloides 117 microphyllus 119 Hookeriana 117 d ilis 119 maritima 117 COLERE CA 100 mollis 117 Perityle agl 100 occidentalis 117 ۱ | Fitchi 100 Polegenien 117 | nuda 100 purpurascens 117 Perizia nana 112 pusilla 117 Petalostemon multiflorum TS spinulosa 117 | vi um 78 squarrosa 117 | violaceum " 78 tenuiflora 117 | Peucedanum abrotanifoli 92 Xorullensis 117 i caruifolium 92 Virginica 117 | dasycarpum 92 | Wri gh tiana 117 | سپ‎ EE 92 Platanacec. 136 | leiocarpum 92 Platanus Californi 136 | marginatum ۱ 92 Mexicana 136 | macrocarpon 92 Tacemosa. ۱ 136 | nudicaule i 92 Platyst Californi - 64 "reet ۱ 92 | Platystigma lineare 64 Do — densifolia 80 | Plectriti gest. A 95 acrocarpa 80 macrocera - - 95 ۱ Nuttallii 80 | Pluchea fetida mas 101 | Phacelia ciliata AE O mt سس‎ octo 118 شش‎ ۱ 125 | Poa annua ------ ===- 156 ivari 125 Douglasii 0ھ‎ 157 | Phalangium esculentum.------ 147 interrupta 156 Ë JD اس سر یہ مرج‎ 18 pectinacea 156 | Phalaris arundinacea 154 tenuis 156 | Californica 154 trivialis s 156 | Phania urenifolia : : 96 Pogogyne Douglasii 123 E Ph lus diversifoli 71 Polanisia trichosperma . 67 pauciflorus 77 uniglandulosa EE Phelipeea Californica 118 | Polemoniacece 125 Philadelphus Californi | 157 Lewisii 90 2 ; 76 Phlox divaricata 125 olygala Californi 16 ; identalis 125 cuc 76 Phoradendron Californicum 134 Nutkana : 76 flavescens 134 Lindheimeri 76 juniperinum 134 Pol 131 põuci EA AAA 133 Photinia arbutifolia.. 85 aronuchia ۴ 133 ea. 141 | Polymnia Uvedalia e 22 brachyptera 141 | Polypodium Californicum 159 141 intermedium -------------- 0 159 INDEX TO BOTANY. Page. P. olypodium Scouleri 159 Quercus Garryana vulgare à 159 Hindeii Polystichium munitum 160 longiglanda Portulaca pilosa 70 oxyadenia retusa 2t 70 tinctoria Portulacaceae. 70 Rafinesquia Neo- Mexicana Potamogeton hybridus 142 Ranunculacece ; 142 | Ranunculus aquatilis Potentilla Anserina 84 affinis diffusa 84 Californicus glandulosa 84 Hippiana - 84 divaricatus ennsylvanica 84 delphinifolius rivalis 84 ac Pouzolzia 140 Deppii Pimulacee 118 dissectus Primulacece 118 Prionopsis 99 hederaceus Prosartes Hookeri 144 oblongifolius trachysandra 144 parviflorus Prosopis Emoryi 82 repens 82 irachyeperitu Laco cs uk a mcn pubescens 82 Rhamacee Prunus demissa 83 | Rhamnus Californicus emarginata 83 croceus gracilis i 83 laurifolius ilicifolia 83 oleifolius minutiflora 83 tomentellus Virginiana 83 | Rhododendron calendulaceum.................- Prunus Americana 82 | Rhus diversiloba C hicasa s 82 laurina gracilis : 83 lobata subcordata. 82 trilobata Psilocarphus tenellus 101 | Riddellia tageti Psoralea cuspidat 77 | Homanzofía Sitchensis digitata 77 | Rosa blanda linearifolia 77 Californica micrantha T fraxinifolia physodes à š vii foliolosa Pelea trifoliata 13 gymnocarpa Pteris andromedefoli 159 Woodsii lanuginosa 160 | ۵۵۶ ; ; Pterospora Andromedea ; 116 | (9 78711-77080887: Pterostegia diphylla 132 | Rubiacee 180 INDEX TO BOTANY. Page. Salsola depressa 130 ] > کار‎ nnvrhunsn 123 Columbarice 123 gossypina 123 Salviniacee. ---- 161 b sims 95 Mexicana 95 — 95 velutina 95 spera. RN 91‏ ہت ¿plaas 91‏ bipinnatifida 91‏ Menziesit 91 nudicaulis 91 tuberosa WË Santalacece ; 134 Sanvilalia Aberti 104 Sapindacece 74 Sapindus marginetus 74 vermicularis 130 Sarcodes sanguinea 117 Saururaceae 135 Saxifragacece 89 Q, 1 0 leg ifi AS 89 Virginiensis 89 Scandix glochidiata 93 Schkuhria Neo-Mexicana 106 Schrankia uncinata 82 Scilia angustata 148 esculenta........ 147 Scirpus acicularis 152 maritimus 153 sylvaticus 153 Dilluns کپ سمش مس دا و‎ 145 lla glauca 113 Jaciniata 113 leptocephala 113 sylvatica 113, 114 Seroph 119 TAS 119 Bus quts M. o.oo. O 89 Wrighti 89 io aronicoides 111 Bigelovii- - ` ` 111 Californicus š 111 eremophilus === ee س‎ E 111 A ARE QE 111 Fendleri 111 Fremontii 111 filifolius ---- 111 112 Scutellaria antirrhinoides. 123 a rupestris 159 eeng, اا‎ 159 Sequoia gigantea 140 ipervi 140 A Sesile leiocarpum A E ES SR Lé Setaria glauca Seubertia laxa Sida diploscypha lepidota = malveflora evinosa Sidalcea diploseypha delphinifolia malveeflora Silene Antirrhina Cali, Smilacina bifolia AT 7 racemosa . stellata Smilax Pseudo-C hina Solanaceae: [< f HE 1 umbellij ferum Q4, وک ا‎ Solidago pumila ----- Radula tenuifolia Di UPA RA 20 06 hora Sorghum nutans Spergula saginoides rubra Spergularia Spheralcea angustifolia stellata Spiræa ariæfolia. - - - opulifolia Millefolium A raise T decipiens. Q, 2 x SS Marhars amanides T vd V INDEX TO BOTANY. issonis Cham Bn. Oe rpa Stenotus lineari foliis J Stephanomeria m r Stipa avenacea Neesiana Stropholirion Californicum Stylocline gnaphaloides lonia integrifolia serrata Styracacece Styrax Californica ^ Sueda maritima fruticosa d Syntrich Fremontii E IL Taxodium sempervirens ———— oA Tellima grandiflora ` Tel, piatat, y cornuta UA A? ospermum pulchellum etragon Tetranthera Californica Thalictrum Fendleri -—— mmm ۹ -..-Á........ ww mm mm -...........‏ ید بی دہ Trichodia pulchel la Tricusnis mutica ۳ pulchella z Trientalis Eur latifolia Tri folium alb halum Triglochin maritimum Trillium ovatum sessile Tripsacum cylindricum esum laxa patula d Turritis lasiophylla Tussilago palmata Typhacee Typha latifolia — Californica sombra aristulata pulchella £E purpurea ETE Woodwardia Chammissonis radicans Wyethia angustifolia helenioid a Xanthium echinatum E hnt: ۰] چس‎ 7 glaucus Draconis Zygadenus chlorauthus Zinni a v 4 d POM mo ہہ‎ momo eens wm ¿TE ye جو ہے‎ dier to —— op "= ۹ 21 i nri š ree ` Y Tas ` : š i e Sy part wii 2 i = si و‎ ie ^ « 1 3 * = سد‎ aa ہچ‎ — zm لو ی‎ - n xh: M PM - — saam AAA ARA A a E o A UN Ld * D A تفر وید وہ ا‎ TEE M: = is D rea dap nm x e d š gie x nm D E^ و ےس de‏ = بد وچ یت یا 2 ee‏ E E EH EEF‏ ںا سو مو نو Pt‏ من KE ge? visu D T ` . cea pede we و این‎ wawa p an ون وچ ھ تچ4‎ RR e ^as مھ‎ PNP e EE و‎ hi... +. ڈور‎ > ñ e wa ¿a 5 YF KEN ey ۱ EE UE E Norm 13 , 3 e. 5 or — mu A 43 -Sy > - * == ج‎ Loue 8 i D —-— aere eg E e x h D * EM s xs = É “w gg E i ےرڈ‎ et +e Bede Sen Z ean مر‎ © vue Ste at hal — ji d£ s Rm FIO ex > “ e 1 Dd d cur ml rom E Ao بو ایند‎ y Sig: کک ¿ کہ مال‎ ei eo NEÓN Se woën Ap x سے لد جو‎ Tp mde gon A D e EE e » il wow A > » seg a MERE weg > s ۳۹ ری بے‎ Uu x ; 455 andi RE IET 9 es 5 å ei re = + ۱ e ` A > چا‎ oes D a - Sa | No. 5. | DESCRIPTION OF THE MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. DT-W:.SB8.BULLIVANT. MUSCI. WEISSIER. t | | GYMNOSTOMUM CALCAREUM, Nees & Hornsch. ; Bryol. Europ. Gymnost. monogr., p. 6, t. 3 and 4: var. perpusilla, foliis erectis ovato-lanceolatis margine crenulatis, capsula pyriformi-ovali. On clayey soil, near San Francisco. G. CURVIROSTRUM, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Gymnost. monogr., p. 8, t. T and 8. Wet rocks, Leroux's springs, base of San Francisco mountain, Mogollan range. WEISSTA vIrIDuLa, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Weis. monogr., p. 5, t. 2 and 3. Various places on the ground. W. OIRRHATA, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Weis. monogr., p. 9,0. 6. On the prostrate trunk of a Wellingtonia ** mammoth tree grove." | . DICRANEZ. CERATODON PURPUREUS, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Cerat. monogr., p. 5, t. 1; var. xanthopus. Near San Francisco; appears to differ from the normal form in nothing but the pale yellow pedicels. A large Campylopus (?) was found growing with Weissia cirrhata, but not in a fit state for determination. FESSIDENTE. FESSIDENS LIMBATUS, (sp. nov.): monoicus pusillus acrocarpus; foliis 8-10 jugis oblongis hyalino-marginatis apice excepto, lamina apiciali duplicaturam inferne latisime marginatam vix eequante ; capsula sub ovali inæquali cernua; perist. dentibus maxime introflexis. Near San Francisco ; about the size of F. bryoides, from which it is distinguished by its cernuous capsule, the deep insertion of its peristomial teeth, and the denser areolation of its leaves, remarkable K for the broad margin of their complicate portion. (Plate I. TRICHOSTOMEXE. TRICHOSTOMUM TOPHACEUM, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Trichost. monogr., p. 9, ). 6. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada ; also, near San Francisco. T. FLEXIPES, Bryol. Europ. Trichost. monogr., p. 6,1. 2. Near San Francisco. T. CORNICULATUM, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 1, p. 75, t. 118. With the last. BARBULA MEMBRANIFOLIA, Schultz; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 17, t. 3. Dry ravines on Williams' fork of the Great Colorado, near the mouth of Santa Maria Creek. r 1865 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. B. CHLORONOTOS, Schultz ; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 18, t. 4. Hab. same as the last. D. FALLAX, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 23, t. 9. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada ; also near San Francisco. ۱ B. BRACHYPHYLLA, (sp. nov.): dioica ; dense cespitosa; caule fastigiato-ramosa ; foliis paten- tibus ovatis breviter obtuse acuminatis toto margine recurvis usque ad apicem valido-costatis ; capsula cylindracea erecta ; perist. dentibus vix contortis e membrana basilari perangusta ortis ; annulo simplici; operculo longe rostrato ; calyptra brevi. Near Benicia. Stems 8-12 lines high, rooting profusely their entire length, and branching from below the floral apex. Leaves dark, brownish green, of a firm, thick texture ; cellules minute sub-quadrate. Pedicel 5-7 lines high, red. Teeth of the peristome contorted scarcely half-way round. This species has the habit and aspect of a Trichostomum, particularly of T. rigidum, but each of the 32 teeth of its peris- tome consists of two conjoined lines of tubular cellules, one placed before the other. (Plate IT.) B. VINEALIS, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 24, t. 10. Oakland, opposite San Fran- cisco ; also Sonora. B. SEMITORTA, (sp. nov.): dioica; laxe cæspitosa ; caulibus subsimplicibus basi solum radi- cantibus apice congesto-foliosis ; foliis e basi erecta amplexante horizontalibus lineari-lanceolatis concavis margine planis, costa solida cum apice desinente ; capsula cylindracea erecta aciculari- operculata, anguste annulata ; perist. dentibus longiusculis semitortis ; calyptra vix infra oper- culum descendente. Growing with the last species, which it resembles, but has a shorter calyptra, longer operculum, and less contorted peristome, with a narrower basal membrane. Its leaves are more tufted at the top of the stems, squarrose-spreading, gradually tapering from near their base, (not suddenly and long acuminated,) with margins nowhere recurved ; areola- tion much larger. (Plate III. B. convotuta, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 29, t. 16.—Oakland, opposite San Francisco. B. VAHLIANA, Schultz; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 33, t. 18,—Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada; also near Los Angeles. D. MARGINATA, Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 33, t. 19.—Dry rocky places, common. B. SUBULATA, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 36, t. 21 and 22.—Dry ravines on Bill Williams' fork of the Rio Colorado, near the mouth of Santa Maria creek. B. INERMIS, Mont.; Byrcl. Europ. Barb. monogr., Suppl. 3.—At the base of a mountain fifty miles west of the Rio Colorado in the line of the survey. B nmunaLm, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 43, t. 27.—Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada. B. MULLERI, Bryol. Europ. Barb. monogr., p. 44, t. 28.—Various localities ; appears to be a common species. POTTIEAE. Dora SUBSESSILIS. Bryol. Europ. Pott. monogr., p. 6, t. 1.—Los Angeles. P. mINUTULA, Bryol. Europ. Pott. monogr., p. 8, t. 3.—Growing with the last. ORTHOTRICHEAE. ORTHOTRICHUM Leet, Hook.; Bryol. Europ. Orthot. monogr., p. 21, t. 16.—Growing on trees ; not uncommon in California and Oregon. Differs from the European form in its longer and narrower leaves, more undulate on the margins, and more contorted when dry. The articulated gland-like bodies, (Converfa Orthotrichi,) so frequent on the leaves of European specimens, are seldom present on the Californian. It is the var. foliis longioribus siccitate magis crispatis, (Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 728.) founded on specimens collected by Menzies at Nootka Sound. ln the collection are imperfect specimens of another Orthotrichum gathered at the crossing of the Colorado, growing with Schistidium apocarpum, and also on rocks at Lereux's spring, a.‏ پوس ہہ MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 187 near the foot of San Francisco mountain, Mogollan range, which apparently belong to O. cupulatum. GRIMMIEZ. SCHISTIDIUM APOCARPUM, Bryol. Europ. Schistid. monogr., p. T, t. 3.—On rocks at the crossing | of the Rio Colorado. f GRIMMIA CALIFORNICA, (sp. nov.): dioica ; laxe caespitosa ; folits erecto-patentibus elongato- lanceolatis carinoto-concavis margine revolutis, costa in acumen hyalinum denticulatum excurrente; capsula ovali oblongave, sub-pyriformi pendula, sicca vix costata; pedicello breviusculo arcuato ; operculo recte longe rostrato; calyptra dimidiato-mitriformi basi 4—5 fissa ; annulo majusculo triplici ; peristom. dentibus bifidis.—Oakland, opposite San Francisco; also near Sonora. Approaches near to G. trichophylla, Grev.; but that has less crowded, longer, more slender, and flexuous leaves, and capsules distinctly and prominently ribbed when dry, with subflexuous and longer pedicels. G. Olneyi, Sulliv., a more closely related species, is not so robust; has leaves canaliculate- concave not feni on the margin; when flattened, linear- lanceolate from an ovate base, and the teeth of the peristome perforated (not bifid) at thetr apices. G. Californica differs from both species in the more or less obovate outline of its capsule, with an evident collum. In the same habitat occurs a variety differing from the typical form in the strong recurvation of its leaves, an unusual feature in this genus, and which is to be found in only one other published species, the Algerian Grimmia ancistrodes, Mont., which, according to original specimens from Dr. Montagne, is likewise dioecious, not monoecious, as stated in his Sylloge. This variety may prove to bea distinct species. (Plate IV.) G. TRICHOPHYLLA, Grev.; Bryol. Europ. Grimm. monogr., p. 16, t. 9.—Shaded rocks, near Benicia. G. PULVINATA, Smith ; Bryol. Europ. Grimm. monogr. p. 12, t. 4.—Rocks on Bill Williams’ fork, near the mouth of Santa Maria Creek. There occurs in the collection sterile specimens of a Grimmia agreeing very well with G. commutata ; locality not mentioned. -f ے — HEDWIGIEJE. HEDWIGIA CILIATA, Ehrh.; Bryol. Europ. Hedwig. monogr., p. 5, t. 1 and 2. 一 On rocky cliffs, head waters of Bill Williams’ fork, near the Aztec Pass. - ) POLYTRICHEZ. PoLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Polyt. monogr., p. 12, t. 15.—Hillsides near Downieville, on the Yuba river. P. PILIFERUM, Bryol. Europ. Polyt. monogr., p. 11, t. 14.—Rocky places above Sonora, base of the Sierra Nevada BRYEZ. AULACOMNION ANDROGYNUM, Schweegr.; Bryol. Europ. Aulacom., monogr., p. 11, t. 4.—On the ground, or on much-decayed logs. A common species in Oregon and California, somewhat larger than the European form, and, unlike it, fruits copiously. Bryum Tozzert, Grev.; Bryol. Europ. Bry., monogr., p. 41, t. 16.— Coast mountains near Oakland. D. PYrIFORME, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Bry., monogr., p. "45, t. 18.—Banks of streams, Qui- qualmungo Ranch, near the Cajon Pass. pon 5 D. Brazrovir, (sp. nov.): dioicum ; laxe cæspitosum elatum multoties innovando-ramosum ex + 24. پت‎ Barnes ee apice ramulosum ; foliis caulis innovationumque inferne parvis di jo imbricantibus erecto-patentibus oblongo-ovatis (comalibus lanceolato-acuminatis) concavis mar- gine subintegro vix recurvis, costa is percurrente vel infra apicem desinente ; capsula alte 188 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. pedicellata sub pendula pyriformi-elliptica : flore masculo terminali capituliformi. Banks of streams above Sonora, base of the Sierra Nevada. The dark yellowish-green of the foliage ; the shorter, more obtuse, and nearly entire leaves, with a closer areolation ; the less obovate capsule, and the capituliform male flowers of this species, separate it from B. Wahlenbergii, its nearest congener. (Plate V.) B. ARGENTEUM, Linn.; Bryol., Europ., Bry., monogr., p. 78, t. 41.—On rocks, dry ravines, fifty miles west of the Rio Colorado, on the line of the survey. B. CALIFORNICUM, (sp. nov.): dioicum? dense ceespitosum ; caule atque innovationibus bre- vissimis bulbiformibus; foliis inferne dissitis superne majoribus densissime capituliformi- imbricatis concavis subquadrato-ovatis breviter apiculatis, margine subintegerrimis subplanisque, continuo-costatis; capsula atro-sanguinea oblonga vel oblongo-ovata pendula, collo haud angustiore siccatate rugoso basi obtusato ` operculo minuto hemisphaerico ; peristomii dentibus dilute purpurascentibus profunde insertis remotius articulatis, ciliolis singulis brevibus exap- pendiculatis; annulo magno revolubili. Near Benicia. This species, compared with B. atro- purpureum, has a more compact mode of growth, leaves broader, shorter, less acuminate, and of a subquadrate or obovate-quadrate outline, costa not excurrent, and capsule with a collum as long and as broad as the sporangium. In B. versicolor, another nearly allied species, the pedicel at the base of the capsule is more suddenly bent, and the branches somewhat julaceous, with leaves longer, more acuminate, and cuspidate by the excurrent costa. B. Californicum is best distinguished from either of these species by its short bulb-like stems and branches, its very small conic-hemispherical operculum, and the deep insertion below the rim of the capsule of its peristomial teeth. The inner peristome is seldom well developed. B. Blindii has a globose-pyriform capsule, with a tapering and much smaller collum ; its peristome and the areolation of the leaf are also different. (Plate VI.) B. opcoNIcUM, Hornsch.; Bryol., Europ., Bry., monogr., p. 59, t. 37.—Near San Francisco and Napa City. Specimens, partly incomplete, of a Bryum collected in Mammoth Tree Grove, on the decayed trunks of trees, may belong to this species. The capsules, however, are shorter and less clavate, and the comal leaves longer and more gradually acuminate, and the habitat, on decayed wood, unusual. B. INTERMEDIUM, Brid.; Bryol., Europ., Bry., monogr., p. 41, t. 19.—Var. folis elongato- oblongis sensim acuminatis. No locality given. The capsules are in various stages of develop- ment, as is common in this species. B. TORQUESCENS ; Bryol., Europ., Bry., monogr., p. 49, t. 20.—Var. foliis latioribus densius areolatis siccis minus contortis. Oakland, opposite San Francisco. B. occIDENTALE, (sp. nov.): dioicum, brunnescens; caule brevi inferne defoliato tomentoso superne congesto-folioso; innovationibus gracilescentibus in media longitudine incrassatis و‎ foliis ellipticis breviter acuminatis (perichetialibus oblongo-lanceolatis) costa valida HOU onte cuspidatis, decurrentibus margine subintegerrimis vix recurvis, reticulo rhombeo-hexagono cellulis inferioribus subquadratis ; capsula pendula oblonga vel oblongo-obconica macrostoma ` peristomio normali ciliolis ternatim interjectis exappendiculatis; annulo permagno ; Deal convexo-apiculato: planta mascula graciliore innovando-continua: flore terminali gemmiformi polyphyllo. Near San Francisco. This species is separated from the nearly related B. cespi- ticium by its erect, appressed, decurrent, scarcely margined leaves, not so acuminate nor so long-cuspidate, by their heavier costa, with a denser texture, composed, in their lower half, of quadrate cellules. It has also an oblong and smaller capsule, with but a slight tendency to a pyriform outline, a wider ana reddish (not yellowish) operculum, and a larger annulus. (Plate Vil.) Ms MENZIESIT Hook. in Botanic. Miscell. 1, p. 36, t. 19; Hypnum acanthoneuron, Schweegr. Suppl. t. 258. Common on the coast range of mountains ; fruit rare. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 189 FUNARIEZ. FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Fumar. monogr. p. 8, t. 4. Various places. F. MUHLENBERGIT, Schwegr.; Bryol. Europ. Funar. monogr. p. 6, t. 1. Near the crossing of the Rio Colorado on the line of the survey. F. HIBERNICA, Hook.; Bryol. Europ. l. c. p. 1, t. 2. Cajon Pass, Sierra Nevada. FONTINALEZ. FONTINALIS CALIFORNICA, (sp. nov.): caulibus flaccidissimis multoties divisis ramosis, ubique foliosis ; foliis concavis patentibus distantibus late ovalibus laxiuscule areolatis, cellulis utriculo primordiali subsoluto instructis ; fructu non viso. Rivulets in the coast range of mountains north of the bay of San Francisco. Resembles F. Eatoni, Sulliv., but is a somewhat smaller plant, with more distant and spread- ing, shorter, broader, and less acuminated leaves of a looser areolation, composed of shorter and wider cellules, in which the primordial utricle is more or less conspicuous ; color reddish-brown or copperish. , The species of this genus have each a peculiar aspect or facies, (difficult to describe,) which is little liable to variation in consequence of the uniformity of their habitat. Their sporules have a diameter of about r}; of a line, not z}, as erroneously stated in the second edition of Gray's Manual of Botany. LEUCODONTE. PTERIGYNANDRUM FILIFORME, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Pterigyn. monogr. p. 3, t. 1. Near San Francisco ; on trees. PTEROGONIUM GRACILE, Swartz.; Bryol. Europ. Pterogon. monogr. p. 4, t. 1. With the last, . AISIA CALIFORNICA, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. of Arts and Kci., Jan., 1855 ; also in Cryptogam. of the U. S. Exp. Expedition, t. XXV, ined.; Neckera Californica, Hook. & Arn. in Beechy's Voy. p. 162. On trees; not uncommon. LEPTODON CIRCINATUS, (sp. nov.): dioicus; ramis primariis e rhizomate horizontali oriundis inferne nudiusculis superne dense frondiformi-pinnatis (siccitate circinatis) paraphyllosis ; foliis quinquefariam imbricatis erecto-patentibus lanceolatis acuminatis subcarinato-concavis evanidi- costatis dorso papillosis margine parum recurvis superne serrulatis, retis pellucidae areolis m.nutis chlorophyllosis ovali-rhombeis e costa radiatim seriatis alaribus subquadratis conferti- oribus; floribus masculis substipitatis axillaribus secus rachim utrinque crebre dispositis ; antheridiis numerosis copiose paraphysatis; fructu ignoto. Coast range of mountains south of San Francisc». Grows in dark-green cushion-like masses. The main stem or rhizoma hard, woody, buried in the soft bark of trees, and throwing out at right angles numerous elastic primary branches—14 to 2 inches long—of which the lower half is simple, the upper expanded into a densely pinnated ovate frond, circinate when dry. The simply pinnate ramification of the primary branches, and the shape of the leaf, separate this species from its cogeners. (Plate I.) ANTITRICHIA CURTIPENDULA, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. Antitric. monog. p. 2, t. 1. Oakland, oppo- site San Francisco. The specimens are without fruit, and differ from the normal form (which has likewise been found in California) in its julaceous branches, and shorter and more crowded leaves, resembling the var. Hispanica, which occurs mostly in the south of Europe. HYPNEZ. Hypnum BrogLovir, (sp. nov.): dioicum, subdendroideum ; surculis e caule rhizomatoidea arcuato-ascendentibus fasciculato-ramosis, ramis ramulisque complanatis; foliis patentissimis bifariis elongato-oblongis breviter acuminatis apice serratis subplanis, marginibus uno latere inflexis, costa sub apice evanida, areolatione densa superne rhombea inferne oblonga parenchy- 190 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. matosa; perichetialibus lanceolatis lineali-acuminatis serratis evanidicostatis ; capsula ovali subæquali inclinata collo distincto instructa ; pedicello cygneo crassiuseulo ` operculo conico- rostrato; calyptra cuculliformi; annulo composito; perist. dentibus lineali-lanceolatis dense articulatis, ciliis e membrana lata plicata lanceolatis carina hiantibus, ciliolis binis nodosis. Valleys of the coast range of mountains north of and near to the bay of San Francisco. Plant 1-1} inches high, growing in close mats. Stems rather stiff and elastic, with shining bright green leaves, striate when dry. Pedicils aggregated, and arising mostly from near the base of the larger branches. (Plate VIII.) This species appears to be near Leskea gymnopoda, as proposed by Taylor in London Journal of Botany, 1846, p. 65, but that species is there described as having attenuated branches, ovate- lanceolate, semi-costate leaves, and a Leskeoid peristome. The description of Hypnum expansum Tayl. 1. c., p. 65, except in the less dendroid habit subpinnate ramification and gradually acuminated duin: applies very well to our species ; both, however, of the Taylorean species just named are considered by Mr. Wilson, (than whom there is no higher authority,) with authentic specimens before him, one and the same, and identical with Neckera longirostris, Hook., of which we have authentic specimens, clearly show- ing it to be quite distinct from Hypnum Bigelovii. Our species is interesting as being the most northern representative of a group of Thamnoid Hypna that appears to abound on the Quitinian Andes. H. WmniPPLEANUM (sp. nov.): dioicum pusillum ceespitans sordide virescens; caule filiformi bis terve diviso, divisionibus arcuato-prostratis pinnatis flagelliformi-attenuatis apice radiculosis ; foliis erecto-patentibus caulinis deltoideo-ramulinis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis minute quad- rate oblonge areolatis opacis dorso papillosis toto ambitu dentato-serratis, costa pellucida fere ad apicem attingente; pericheetialibus filiformi-acuminatis evanidi-costatis ; capsula abrupte horizontali, ovali oblongave, subinsequali, collo conspicuo instructa ; peristomii albidi dentibus lineali-lanceolatis crebre articulatis, ciliis carina solutis, ciliolis binatis, omnibus squilongis ; operculo conico in medio constricto; pedicello tuberculato cauligeno. Habitat same as the last. A small species with thread-like stems 1-2 inches long; branches of the same thickness as the stems, 3-5 lines long, numerous and pinnately disposed. Pedicels 5-7 lines in height, cygneus. Perichaetia rooting at the base. Capsule dark chestnut brown, pachydermous ; its junction with the pedicel being nearly at right angles: collum blackish, obtuse at base. Male flowers numerous on the main divisions of the stem, slightly stipitate; perigonial leaves broad- ovate long-acuminate ecostate ; antheridia 10—15 copiously paraphysated.—(Plate LX.) Hypnum crispifolium and Leskea laxifolia of Hooker, found on the northwest coast of this continent by Menzies, appear to be nearly related to this species ; but from the description and figures of them, given by Hooker and Schwaegrichen, they are both larger plants than H. Wippleanum, particularly the first, which has subfalcate-secund, flexuous leaves much longer acuminated, and when dry crisped: the second has an ovate-globose capsule, a Leskeoid peri- stome, and leaves of a different areolation. H. CALYPTRATUM, (sp. nov.) monoieum exiguum ; caule filiformi repente subsimplici pinnato apice flagelliformi foliis erecto-patentibus late ovatis longe tenuiter acuminatis denticulatis inferne margine recurvis continuo-costatis dorso parce papillosis e cellulis minutis subquadratis dense areolatis ; pericheetialibus pellucidis striatis lanceolatis filiformi-acuminatis, costa excurrente ; capsula cylindracea obliqua curvula exannulata ; perist. dentibus lineali-acuminatis, ciliis line- aribus foraminulosis, ciliolis singulis brevissimis ; operculo conico obtuso ; calyptra permagna cuculliformi infra capsulam descendente ; pedicello cauligeno gracili longiusculo: flore masculo globoso gemmiformi, perigonialibus orbiculari-ovatis apice tenui recurvo, antheridiis eparaphy- satis. Near Los Angeles, on the ground. A very small species belonging to a group consti- tuting the genus Thuiduim of the Bryologia Europea of Bruch and Schimper. Its distinctive . characters consist in its small size, simply pinnate ramification, narrow elongated, inclined | ۱ | Se‏ ہا رہ MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 191 slightly, curved and exannulate capsule, conic operculum, slender pedicel and very long, narrow calyptra, descending below the capsule and embracing the pedicel. It resembles small forms of H. scitum, Beauv. and H. gracile, Br. & Sch., but differs essentially from both in its calyptra and in not having an annulus.— (Plate X.) H. NOTEROPHILUM, Sulliv. et Lesqx. Musc. Bor.-Amer, exsiccat., n. 348; Sulliv. in Gray's Manuel of Bot., 2d ed., p. 478. Margins of small streams. H. SERPENS, Linn.; Amblystegium serpens, Bryol. Europ. Amblyst. monogr., p. 9, t. 3. Common. H. RIPARIUM, Linn.; Amblystegium riparium, Bryol. Europ. Amblyst. monogr., p. 14, t. 8. Wet places, frequent. H. ADUNCUM, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. Hyp. monogr., p. 35, t. 24. Grows with the last. H. MYOSUROIDES, Linn.; Isothecium myosuroides, Brid.; Broyl. Europ. Isothec. monogr., p. T, t. 2, Near San Francisco, dry woods. H. NurrALLU, Wils.; Bryol. Brit., pp. 334 and 339; Sulliv. and Lesqx. Musc. Bor.-Amer. exsiccat., n. 338b. On decayed trees, south of San Francisco. H. OREGANUM, Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. of Arts and Kci., v. IV, n. ser., p. 179 ; Crypto- gamia of the U. S. Expl. Expd., t. XIII, ined. In woods, on the ground, mostly in damp localities. The collection contains five or six other species of hypnum ; but the specimens are too imper- fect to admit of determination. HEPATICA. FEGATELLA CONICA, Corda.; Nees. Hepat. Europ. IV, p. 181; Conocephalus vulgaris, Bischoff. de Hepat. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. XVII 2, p. 1001, t. 69, f. 4. On wet rocks, and on the ground near springs. ۱ FIMBRIARIA TENELLA, Nees. Hepat. Europ. IV, p. 271; Bischoff. de Hepat., l. c. t. 69, f. 11. On dry ground, in shady places. REBoULIA HEMISPHERICA, Raddi.; Bischoff. de Hepat., 1. c. t. 69, f. 1. Dry, shaded rocks. DUVALIA TENERA, Gottsche. in G. L. and N. Synop. Hepat., p. 554; Marchantia tenera, Hooker in Kunth. Synop. Plant., p. 45. Moist earth. | ANTHOCEROS LAEVIS, Linn.; G. L. and N. Synop. Hepat., p. 586. Springy, gravelly places. METZGERIA FURCATA, Nees.; Jungermannia furcata, Linn.; Hook. Brit. Junger., t. 56. Damp, mossy rocks. FossoMBRONIA PUSILLA, Nees.; Jungermannia pusilla, Hook. Brit. Junger., t. ۵9. Damp earth, frequent. . DS MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Prate I.— Fissidens limbatus. Fig. 1, plants of the natural size; 2, 2, plants ; 3, 3, stem leaves ; 4, 5, base and apex of stem leaves, showing the areolation ; 6, cross sections of stem leaf; 7, capsules ; 8, portion of capsule, with the peristome viewed from without ; 9, the same viewed from within ; 10, portion of capsule wall, showing the areolation ; 11, a tooth of the peristome ; all magnified, except fig. 1. 了 PLATE I.— Leptodon circinatus. Fig. 1, plant in a moist state ; 2, the same when dry, both of the natural size ; 3, portions of primary branch and of a branchlet, the former having sterile flowers in the axils of its leaves ; 4, leaf of a branchlet ; 5, 6, base and apex of a leaf showing the areolation ; 7, 7, cross sections of leaf ; 8, cells of the leaf; 9, 9, paraphyllia ; 10, sterile flower ; 11, the same without perigonial leaves ; 12, perigonial leaves ; 13, antheridium with paraphysis ; all enlarged, except figs. 1 and 2. 了 PLATE 1.—Barbula bachyphylla. Fig. 1, a sterile and two fertile plants, natural size; 2, a fertile plant ; 3, upper portion of the sterile plant showing the terminal perigonium, with a portion of an innovation; 4, a peri- chetium, with an innovation from its base; 5, 5, leaves from upper part of the stem; 6, leaf from lower part of stem ; 7, perichetial leaf; 8, 9, base and apex of a stem leaf, showing the areolation ; 10, cross sections of a stem leaf; 11, capsule, operculum, and calyptra ; 12, capsule and operculum ; 13, two peristomes ; 14, portions of peristome and annulus; 15, portion of a tooth of the peristome; 16, portion of the annulus; 17, antheridia and paraphyses, perigonial leaves, excepting one, removed ; 18, antheridium, paraphysis, and perigonial leaf; all magnified, except fig. 1. 了 PLATE 111.—Barbula semitorta. Fig. 1, plants of the natural size; 2, a plant ; 3, 3, 3, 3,3, stem leaves; 4, a perichetial leaf ; 5, 6, base and apex of stem leaf, showing the areolation ; 7, 7, cross sections of leaf; 8, vaginula with archegonia paraphysis and a portion of the pedicel ; 9, archegonium and paraphysis ; 10, 10, capsules with opercula and calyptra ; 11, calyptra; 12, 12, peristomes ; 13, portions of the peristome and annulus; 14, 15, portions of the teeth of the pezistome ; all magnified, except fig. 1. PLATE 1V.—Grimmia Californica. Fig. 1, a sterile and three fertile plants, natural size; 2, a fertile plant; 3, apex of the stem bearing the pericheetium vaginula, pedicel, capsule, operculum, and calyptra ; 4, capsule oper- culum, and calyptra ; 5, capsule and operculum ; 6, capsule ; 7, capsule and portion of the pedicel in a dry state ; 8, calyptra ; 9, portion of peristome with annulus, viewed from without ; 11, ver- tical section of the same ; 10, two teeth of the peristome with spores ; 12, pericheetialleaf; 13, 14, stem leaves; 15, 17, base and apex of leaf showing the areolation ; 16, cells of the lower part of the leaf; 18, apex of the leaf; 19, cella of the upper part of the leaf; 20, sterile flower ; 21, perigonial leaf; 22, antheridium ; all magnified, except fig. 1. The var. fig. 15. plant of the natural size; 2b. a portion of the stem ; 30. a leaf; both magnified. 了 LATE V.—Bryum Bigelovii. Fig. 1, two fertile plants; 2, a sterile plant, all of the natural size; 3, a fertile plant; 4, 4, stem leaves ; 5, 5, comal leaves; 6,7, base and apex of stem leaves, showing the areolation ; 8, MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 193 cells of the lower part of the leaf; 9, cells of the upper part of the leaf; 10, 10, 10, capsules ; 11, operculum ; 12, portion of the peristome ; 13, vaginula; 14, sterile plant; 15, apex of the same, enclosing thesterile flower; 16, antheridium, paraphyses, and perigonial leaf; 17, 17, cross sections of stem leaf; all magnified, except figs. 1 and 2. Figures 2 and 14 are inverted through a mistake of the engraver. Prate VI.—JBryum Californicum. Fig. 1, plants of the natural size; 2, a single plant; 3, stems and branches; 4, a branch; 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, leaves; 6, cross sections of leaf; 7, a leaf showing the areolation ; 8, portions of peristome and annulus ; 9, vertical section of the same ; 10, 10, 10, capsules ; all magnified, ex- cept fig. 1. 了 PLATE VII.— B ryum Occidentale. Fig. 1, 1, fertile plants ; 2, sterile plant, all of the natural size; 3, a fertile plant; 4, 4, 4, leaves; 5, base of leaf and portion of branch, showing their juncture; 6, 6, cross sections of leaf; 7, 8, base and apex of leaf, showing the areolation ; 9, cells of the lower part of the leaf ; 10, cells of the upper part of the leaf; 11, portions of peristome and annulus, outside view ; 12, vertical section of the same; 13, 13, capsules; 14, capsule when dry; 15, vaginula ; 16, sterile plant; 17, sterile flower ; 18, perigonial leaf, antheridium and paraphyses ; 19, perigonial leaf ; 20, antheridum and paraphyses ; all magnified, except figs. 1 and 2. Pra VIII.— 7901000 0. Figs. 1, 1, fertile plants; 2, a sterile plant, all of the natural size ; 3, fertile plant; 4, portion of a branch ; 5, 5, 5, leaves; 6, apex of leaf showing the areolation ; 7, cells of the same ; 8; base of leaf showing the areolation; 9, cells of the same; 10, 11, 12, capsules, opercula, and calyptra ; 13, portions of the peristome and annulus; 14, a tooth of the peristome, side view; 15, perichztium ; 16, I6, perichetial leaves; 17, vaginula with archegonia and paraphyses; 18, sterile flower ; 19, antheridium, paraphyses, and perigonial leaf; all magnified, except figs. 1 and 2. Pare IX.— Hypnum. Whippleanum. Figs. 1, 1, 1, fertile plants; 2, sterile plant, all of the natural size; 3, fertile plant; 4, por- tion of sterile plant; 5, portion of a branch; 6, 6, 6, 6, stem and branch leaves; 7, 7, lower portion of leaves showing the areolation ; 8, 8, upper portion of same, showing the areolation ; 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, capsules; 10, 10, opercula; 11, portion of the peristome; 12, perichetium ; 13, vaginula; 14, 15, perichetial leaves; 16, portion of the pedicel ; 17, sterile fiower ; 18, anthe- ridium and paraphyses ; 19, perigonial leaf; all magnified, except figs. 1 and 2. Pra X.— Hypnum calyptratum. Figs. 1, 1, 1, 1, plants of the natural size; 2, portion of a plant; 3, portion of a branch ; 4, 4, leaves; 5, a leaf showing the areolation ; 6, portion of same; 7, cross section of leaf; 8, peri- cheetium ; 9, perichteial leaves; 10, 10, capsules with operculums and calyptras; 11, capsule with operculum ; 12, capsule; 13, calyptra; 14, portion of peristome; 15, sterile flower and perigonial leaves ; 16, antheridium ; all magnified, except fig. 1. 2b r — š SSIDENS LIMBATUS. m^ 22ے‎ 2 یر Lë if ار‎ Hor 0 UR) d 0 Mi 1 on آ0‎ 0 ONT Z“ رحس جو‎ 5 PCS ae چٹ‎ 3 2 ATA LAT. == نج سے سے 一‏ — LEPTODON CIRCINATUS CEET EE Kee t ene Gef EE sr E سک‎ ye‏ یا او Wo‏ ET, EE Ge AC SET i bi RT AN ste QN S jure A S و‎ 过 NS‏ ای وو H ia. "t> akay E ہے سے qur A‏ E]‏ 35 کے ا & SURV. íF nees DAL R . BARBULA BRAGHYPH SÉ ES e A A A SCORES ET Te, atr d * e VET 5 D ba: GE =- A 5 E TOS DAT RW رم‎ 8 LIVE! TH PARALLEL a = 2.2 U.8.P.R.R EXP.& SURVEYS — RE OQ ES a EE] = Aën ہی‎ سے _BARBULA SEMITORTA. SCHEI 3 AE‏ افش فا نشی ما UU ee e, EE WË 14‏ ی پا ا TUR > U atau a AZAR Ly‏ اس او هی گا ٹیو فا دا 7 T SEI T A qe EUNT NS TELS ES RER De T TIENE SEEDS E‏ 1 nm 1 bone unas D mp mm D i pn ۷۸) QU ۱ YO = CS y icm Ce EE ENEE AE E 3 P. EE E E E ea et zi t E 4 A 8 — PLATE d F " e s E = جو‎ SS = TL SSI & LIVERWOR 4 MOSS D = a ER EAM Tea Ng E ea ES ON HUMO. 2K TH HYO x e5 U.S. SR R EXP & SURV! Ee M ۷ HE PR IP a SURVEYS — SRT PAR Tit i DS P» t EM MEC و ا‎ LETS UEP HR EX SURVEY, 51" PARALLEL: . 1 d MOSSES A LIVERWORT S — PLATE VII. ARE ۱ 00 Û LIRA J.S.P.R.R.EXP.& SURVEYS —35'" PARALLEL MOSSES & LIVERWORT S — PLATE VII Í = 多 ۱ oR NNO | ORURO OA | 7 + 9+ EO IIH, : ASS WA EE al A D ae Dél AO - enee RA JA INVA VANE 20 ار زان 07ا‎ III 0 Y š OM V ۸ | UA PUR d JON! Y 00 / J I 5 FINU] | | 1 2 | Weil i j | KA) Ar ۳ UY) D و‎ | ۱۷۷۷۸ f "ES MEN dee 2 و‎ - rw ee Nr O ا‎ UOP E Tu EA KE A x SURVEYS —35"" PARALLEL . 1 MOSSES’ 8 LIVERWORTS — PLATE IX ` Wd ۱۳ pi 14 ۷ RÀ i Lu if i d d EE EE U.S.P.R.R.EXP.& SURVEYS 235 PARALLEL He - NC DOTE Kam: mim 0007 3 Y CDS ae 3 Ae" Ww Pw" S RA 1 : 3 Ej 4 NETT چ‎ i 4 de : | š * J e À ۰ ۰ 4 y - ë ELA o l | š ` : * | ` | ۰ D Š | | ۰ l H > x š ` Jos‏ وی Ac end buts EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR A RAILROAD ROUTE FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. WAR DEPARTMENT. ROUTE NEAR THE THIRTY-FIFTH PARALLEL, EXPLORED BY LIEUT. A. W. WHIPPLE, TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS, IN 1853 AND 1864. REPORT THE ZOOLOGY OF THE EXPEDITION. WASHINGTON, D. C. 1856. NEUE SD اتا Kë - Viu optas sr Qi EP us یج من سس‎ ایا‎ e e Ie EE ` "WA Si S E > T ERIC 1 ih e "iive A EE ee No. 1. FIELD NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS. BY C. B. R. KENNERLY, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND NATURALIST TO THE EXPEDITION. WASHINGTON, D. C., July 1, 1854. SIR: I have the honor herewith to present a general account of the game animals of the country traversed by you in surveying a route for the railroad to the Pacific. I do not propose here to go into much detail, as the description of the individual species, with an account of their characteristic habits, is reserved for a subsequent report. For convenience of reference, I shall divide the line into several portions, and express, as briefly as possible, the peculiar features in the economical zoology of each. From the Rio Grande to Zuñi,—Although this district is hunted very closely by Indians and other persons traversing it, yet in some places we found game abundant. Before reaching the pueblo of Laguna, however, animals of the larger kind were rarely observed, the country being for the most part quite open, and affording but little permanent water. Still, along the road, the large rabbit of this region (Lepus callotis) and the smaller species (Lepus artemesic) were found in considerable numbers; and, after reaching the Rio Rito, to these were added ducks and geese in great numbers. But after leaving this village, and approaching the Sierra Madre, we found ourselves in a country heavily wooded, and with an abundance of grass. Here we observed numerous herds of the black-tailed deer (Cervus macrotis) feeding in the little valleys; and, among the bushes on the hill-sides, several species of bears, the black (Ursus Americanus) and the huge grizzly, (Ursus feror.) Among the trees in the mountain, the piñon (Pinus edulis) was very common, which affords a kind of nut on which the latter animals delight to feed, and it is not unpalatable even to man. This district has long been celebrated for its game, and the accounts that we heard proved not to be exaggerated. Descending the western slope of the mountains, we again met with rabbits in great numbers. Besides these, we occasionally found the antelope; but being much hunted, they were here scarce and wild, and, when seen, were far off in small herds upon the plain. Along the valleys that stretch towards the pueblo of Zuñi, and which are generally hemmed in by rough and rugged hills, we found the grizzly bear (Ursus feroz) abundant. When impelled by hunger, they become very fierce, and, descending into the valleys, frighten off the pastores, who, in their terror, abandon their flocks to these huge monsters. ; de A part of this country abounds in birds of many varieties; among the lofty pines and thick cedars of the Sierra Madre, we were enabled to collect many valuable specimens of new and otherwise interesting species. 6 ZOOLOGY OF THE ROUTE FROM ZUNI TO PUEBLO CREEK. From the pueblo of Zuñi to the Little Colorado river.—Leaving the village, we continued our march for a short distance along the Zuñi creek, making, as we went, interesting collections of fishes, mostly new and undescribed species. * Leaving the creek then to our left, we passed through a succession of cedar groves and grassy valleys, abounding in black-tailed deer and antelopes, (Antilo capra, Americana.) In this region we first saw signs of the panther. This animal prefers the hill-sides or ravines, where the bushes are the thickest and most impene- trable, and rarely shows itself during the day on the open plain, unless forced there by hunger to hunt rabbits or other animals upon which it feeds. At night the prairie jackal, or coyote, (Canis latrans) rarely failed to approach our camp, and serenade us with his loud and varied notes. The long and dismal howl of the larger species (Canis gigas) was occasionally heard in the distance; but the latter is much less numerous than the former, and was not often seen. . It, too, prefers the wooded regions, and depends mainly upon the deer for a subsistence, which it hunts, and rarely fails, after a long pursuit, in overtaking and conquering. In many places birds were scarce, yet we were enabled to collect some very interesting specimens. The weather being cold, the reptiles had all disappeared. From Little Colorado to Pueblo creek.—Passing down the Little Colorado, we often saw ducks. of the commoner kind—mallard and teal; but these were not so numerous as we expected. The cause may be found, perhaps, in the fact that along that portion of the valley over which we passed there were no marshes or flats, and the kinds of vegetable matter on which they feed were almost entirely wanting. Nor did the stream in that part furnish fish in great numbers; for, notwithstanding our frequent attempts to catch a few with our nets for specimens, we succeeded in taking only one. The beaver, (Castor fiber,) however, was very common in many places, as well as the Canada porcupine, (Hystrix canadensis.) They find a bountiful sub- sistence in the bark and tender twigs and buds of the young cottonwood trees, (Populus,) which grow luxuriantly in the sandy soil of the river bottom. After leaving the Little Colorado, we turned directly towards the San Francisco mountain, its summit, at this season, (December,) covered with snow. Ascending the gravelly mesa, our train passed slowly on, occasionally turning from a direct line to avoid a small hill or little cañon. As we ascended, in approaching the mountain, we suffered not a little from the cold and piercing wind, from which there was no escape. The little valleys skirting its eastern base, supplying good grass, were now the resort of hundreds of antelopes, which were here also partly sheltered by the neighboring hills. This mountain is covered with a dense forest of pine, among which we found, in great numbers, the beautiful tufted squirrel, (Sciurus aberti.) This interesting animal w » had not observed before; nor did we find it further west than this range. Wild turkeys were common, also, in the same locality. Ascending high into the mountains, we found many tracks of the big-horn, (Ovis montana;) but notwithstanding our repeated efforts to secure one, we were unsuccessful. The timidity of this animal causes it to dwell in the most inaccessible places. A few short marches through dense pine forests and the deep snow brought us near Mount Sitgreaves, from the base of which stretched beautiful valleys, covered with grass, and dotted by clumps of cedars. This mountain had been, apparently, before the falling of the snow, the peculiar home of grizzly bears; but the cold and want of food had caused them allto go in search of other quarters. The number of trails of this animal that we found here, all leading towards the south, is almost incredible. From this point our journey lay, for some days, along beautiful valleys, and often through thick and dark forests of cedars; and as we marched along we reaped a rich harvest of the smaller quadrupeds, such as pouched rats, mice, &c. Nor were we compelled to lay aside our rifles for want of larger game; for, although we saw no antelopes, the black-tailed deer was here quite common, and not very shy, being unaccustomed to the sight of man. Reaching soon a handsome valley, wit its surface eut by a serpentine cañon—at some seasons, probably, con- taining a running stream, but now only watered by a succession of cool and clear pools—we s 3 z ھچ a ee‏ ق FROM PUBELO CREEK TO THE COLORADO RIVER. 7 found, in great numbers, Gambel’s partridge, (Callipepla Gambellii.) While encamped here this beautiful bird afforded us fine sport with our shot-guns, and furnished us with many delicious meals. Along this cañon were many deserted wigwams, the Indians having probably retired to the south at the approach of winter. This immediate region being hilly, and covered, for the most part, by bushes, was not a spot well suited to the habits of the antelope, and hence we did not find it here. This species prefers the open valley, or wide and unbroken plain. Descending into the Chino valley, we found this animal in large herds, sometimes of hundreds. Occasionally, impelled by curiosity, they would approach quite near, and for a time gaze upon the train, then circling round, would hurry off and disappear in the distance. Indeed, the apparent curiosity of this animal is one of its marked peculiarities, and the western hunter often takes advantage of it to lure the unsuspecting crea- ture within reach of his rifle. After leaving the Chino valley, we entered again the cedar forests, where we found wild tur- keys once more very abundant, frequenting, for the most part, the neighborhood of the little brooks that we found in this region, and feeding upon the berries of the rough-barked and other species of cedar. In the thick underbrush along these creeks we often found the beds and resting places of the grizzly bear ; but the animal itself we never saw. n this vicinity we caught some interesting fishes, and collected many handsome specimens of birds, the smaller species, particularly, being quite numerous. From Pueblo creek to Williams” river.—Following up Pueblo creek nearly to its source in the mountains, we passed through Aztec Pass. This was a beautiful little stream, and we were sorry to leave it, as in this region one seldom sees such cool and limpid water. Passing through the mountain, we again descended into a beautiful valley, where we found both the black-tailed deer and antelope quite numerous. Continuing our march, we crossed, from time to time, deep cañons with their pools of clear water, though containing no fishes, yet affording a sporting place for many ducks. The sides of these cations are composed of rugged and precipitous cliffs, in which the lynx (Lynx rufus) and other wild animals of this region live, The caves, also, among these rocks often afford shelter for the wild Indians of this region, who gather the maguey plant, (Agave Americana,) which grows in great luxuriance here, and store itaway for winter use. This is their principal food, although they combine with it the flesh of mice, rats, and such other animals as they can capture. í The distance from Pueblo creek to Williams' river is probably much less than the distance em- braced between any other divisions that we have assumed ; but it was a country throughout particu- larly rich in deer. It was a country, also, pretty well wooded with the various species of cedar, which, in addition to its affording a shelter for the larger animals, supplied also, in their berries, food for various species of the smaller birds, some interesting specimens of which we were enabled to collect. We frequently passed the burrows of the smaller quadrupeds, with their heaps of spiny cactacez piled over them to prevent the coyote from destroying them and their habitations. The long and barbed spines of this plant are sufficient to deter the wolf from committing his depredations, but the small rabbit, (Lepus artemesic,) not resorting to this important expedient for protection, often falls a victim to the rapacity of this animal by being chased or scented to its burrow and then dug out. The jackass rabbit, (Lepus callotis,) being much more swift than the small one, is less liable to be overtaken by its untiring enemy. From Williams! river to the Great Colorado river. —We entered here upon a district of new character and of much interest. Descending into the valley of this stream, and travelling along its banks to its confluence with Rio Santa Maria, we had an opportunity of ma 4 well as collecting, many new and interesting objects; among the larger game Beie. mg w acquaintances whose forms had now become familiar. On the wide mesas that stretc A out on - either side of us herds of antelope continually sported, and in the valley black-tailed deer were 8 ZOOLOGY OF THE ROUTE FROM THE COLORADO RIVER TO THE PACIFIC. not uncommon. In the precipitous and rugged mountains that we encountered we found the big-horn more numerous than in any other locality that we passed. Following down Williams' river, with these interesting animals still for our companions, we continued our march towards the great river of the west. The beautiful stream sometimes emerged suddenly from the earth a bold rivulet, leaping playfully over its gravelly bed for several miles, and then would as suddenly disappear again beneath the sand. Whether creeping slowly among the bushes or passing through the open valley, we ever found something to please , and interest us. "The birds, however, of this region were particularly interesting. Myriads of ducks and geese were continually frightened from the stream or neighboring lagoons, of which a large number of interesting specimens were added to our collection. Among the smaller birds, which were also very numerous, we found several new and exceedingly interesting ones. At no other locality did we meet with such great success in collecting new and undeseribed species, not only of birds, but also of reptiles and fishes. In this stream we found great num- ; bers of the latter, comprising a variety of species not before observed. From the Great Colorado river to the Pacific.—Travelling up the Colorado for some distance, we found its shores peopled by hundreds of Indians, whose friendly manifestations made us soon feel quite at home among them. Besides assisting us in many other ways, they also enabled us to proeure some species both of fishes and birds, which, without their aid, we probably could not have captured. Thus our stay among them was made both pleasant and profitable. The birds and fishes constitute the most important features of natural history immediately in the vicinity of our route. "The larger animals, being closely hunted, were scarce. Crossing the river and accompanied by several Mojave Indians as guides, we continued our march towards the Pacific. From this point we saw but little of interest before reaching the Mojave river. Grass being scarce, except in the vicinity of the few watering places, we had but few companions during our long and tiresome marches, save the raven, which hovered over our now fast failing mules, and added to our dreary feelings by his hoarse croaks. Occasionally, too, the jackass rabbit would spring from his hiding place among the stinking larrea and hurry off. Frequently we found this animal far away from any water known to our guides. ` Bome- times, also, while encamped in this less-favored region, the cayote, attracted by our camp fires, would approach and serenade us as he had done before. Near the watering places on our route, we frequently saw signs of the big-horn and other animals, where, watched by the Indians when coming to slake their thirst, they had been killed. It was not until after we had reached the Mojave river, however, that we met with much success in collecting specimens. Here, in addition to the many small birds that were continually singing around us, and the numerous ducks that were scared from the marshes, we found the stream itself inhabited by several species of fishes. Many of these we added to our collection ; as also of the reptiles which here abounded. Approaching the mountain, we once more found the black-tailed deer and grizzly bear; one feeding in the green valleys, the óther among the pines on the rugged slopes. From this point our route lay along the beautiful valley of the San Gabriel river. Here we found the green pastures dotted by flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, Game of the larger kind was, of course, scarce through this region, being closely hunted by the inhabitants; but we found birds here of almost every variety of plumage, and many quadrupeds of the smaller species. Many of these we added to our collection before reaching Los Angeles, where we ceased our labors for a while, and enjoyed those comforts of which we had been so long deprived. We were agreeably disappointed in regard to the abundance and character of the game of the country traversed, It will be seen from the foregoing statement that we were almost continually within reach of deer, antelope, and hare. Still, it would not be safe to depend upon game for subsistence in passing over the line, especially in the case of a, large party. Asis well known, all the animals just mentioned are easily driven off from their usual range by frequent interrup- tions, and at all times a skilful hunter is required to capture them. The case is different with E r ri T | i SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 9 the buffalo, whose presence in a certain region is more to be calculated upon, and when seen is more readily captured, affording at the same time a much larger amount of food to each head. Before concluding, I have the honor to present to your notice a summary statement of the number and variety of the specimens of natural history collected by Mr. H. B. Móllhausen and myself, between the Rio Grande and the Pacific ocean. Besides the collection herein mentioned, two other very extensive ones were made: one by Mr. Móllhausen, between Fort Smith, Arkansas, and Albuquerque, New Mexico; the other by myself, between Indianola, Texas, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. These were sent from the latter place to Washington, where they arrived safely, after a delay of several months on the prairies between Santa Fé and Indepen- dence, and are now deposited in the Smithsonian Institution, (together with the one which is the subject of this report,) to the credit of the expedition, having been also assorted and properly - labelled. In the following statement, the numbers used correspond to those attached to the specimens, and where a note or remark is wanting, it may be an indication, generally, that one may be found in another place, where the species are discussed separately. ` STATEMENT. No. of Label. L cality. Anser hutchinsi Querquedula carolinensis................. do. do. Querquedula carolinensis................. do. do. Skulbof an Indian... ii. Laguna, N. M. Fishes Rio Gallo, N. M. 6. Lepus artemesis ......... Sierra Madre, N. M. (a) Spermophilus harrisii Sierra Madre, N. M. This beautiful and rare spermophile is found in considerable numbers at Cold Spring, near the summit of the Sierra Madre. In this vicinity there were vast piles of scoriacious volcanic rock, in which it lived. It was not very shy, but a specimen was procured with difficulty, from the fact that it was almost impossible to kill the animal so dead, without spoiling completely the skin, that it could not crawl into the rocks beyond our reach before overtaken. Its food in this locality consisted of acorns and piñones, the fruit of the Pinus edulis. We again observed this animal near camp 139, between the Great Colorado and Mojave rivers. Here we found it on the hill-sides in the most rocky and inaccessible spots, and exceedingly shy. A specimen was procured only by secreting myself in the vicinity of the hole into which it escaped, and patiently watching an hour or more for its appearance. NO TE FOROS E ORO a Rio Piscado, N. M. 8. Rana* do. do. سر مخ 9 ۵ In many places in this creek there was much grass and moss and large masses of confervae floating on its surface. In such spots we found very many frogs, appar- ently all of the same species, but believed to be undescribed. The weather was unusually cold for the season (November), and these animals being completely chilled and torpid, were easily caught. The Zuñi Indians look upon them as sacred objects, believing them to be the preservers of the springs and possessing the power of keeping the supply of water in dry seasons. Their vessels are orna- mented with rude paintings of this animal, and they are said to hold a grand feast once a year in honor of it. So strenuously did they remonstrate when they observed us taking them that we desisted until an opportunity offered when there were no Indians present. * This specimen and others that follow, not having their species named, were lost upon the passage across the isthmus, and hence their characteristics were undetermined. 10 SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Fishes Zuñi river, N. M. The Zuñi river is a small stream of pure, clear water, emptying into the Little Colorado. We took fishes from it at several different localities, and found among them at least four distinct species; two of which we recognized as the Gila robusta and Gila gracilis the latter being by far the most numerous. The others were believed to be new to science. No. 14. Spiza ciris 75 miles west of Albuquerque, N. M. 15. Milvulus forficatus do. do. do. (a) Sialia occidentali do. do. do. (b) Carpodacus cassinii (n. s.*)............... do. do. do. 16. Xanthornus affinis do. | do. do. (a) Carpodacus pileatus.......... ............... do. do. do. 17. Picicorous Columbianus...... 95 do. do. do. - (a) Spiza ciris do. do. do. 18. Gymnokitta cyanocephala ................. do. do. do. 19. Ptiliogonys townsendii..................... do. do. do. 20. Cyanocitta macrolopha (n. s.)............ 100 do. do. do. 21. Agelaius phoeniceus................. e do. do. do. 22. Cyanocitta macrolopha (n. s.)...... ...... do. do. do. 23. Agelaius phoeniceus................. mn do. do. do. 24. Sitta li i do. do. do. 25. Archibuteo lagopus do. do. do. 26. Otocoris chrysolaemus Near Zuñi, N. M. 27. Do. do. — Such یر‎ a do. do. 28. Fish Little Colorado river, N. M. Although we were encamped on this stream at several places for some days, and although we searched it thoroughly, we were obliged to content ourselves with a single specimen. The absence of fishes at these places may, probably, be accounted for to some extent by the character of the stream itself. Its waters were loaded with sand, which was carried rapidly along by the current; besides, it was gene- rally shallow, and offered no quiet pools as resting places; nor was there any grass or weeds or bushes in it, but its bottom was a continuous quicksand. The specimen procured measured about three inches in length; general color, white and silvery, with very small scales, belonging to the sucker family, but its genus was unknown. No. 29. Ptiliogonys to a Near Zuni, N. M 30. Struthus Oregonus do. do. 31. Mimus montanus ی8۰۷‎ do. do. 32. Geococcyx viaticus First camp on L. Colorado river, N. M. 33. Geococcyx viaticus Third camp 0. do. 34. Pica hudsonica Fourth camp do. do. 35: TIO EE ARE do. do. do. 36. Psaltria plumbea (n. s.) Sixth camp do. do. 37. Querquedula Carolinensis.................. do. do. do. 38. Falco polyagrus do. do. do 39. Spizella Canadensis do. do. do. 40. Psaltria plumbea (n. s.) . do. do. do. 41. Psaltria plumbea (n. s.) do. do. do. 42. Spizella Canadensis ..... : do. do. do. 43. Sitta pygmaea San Francisco Mts., N. M. * (N. S.) "This indicates that the species is new to science. SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 44. Zonotrichia fallax Camp 97. 45. Callipepla اقلہ ا صوع‎ .............. Camp 97. " 46. Bubo magellanicus.. Camp 98. 47. Certhia Americana Pueblo creek N. M. 48. Carpodacus pileatus do. do. (a.) Sturnella neglecta do. do. | (b.) Sturnella neglecta do. do. | 49. Pipilo Oregonus do. do. 50. Lophophanes wollweberi do. do. (a.) Aguelaius gubernator. .................... do. do. 51. Aguelaius gubernator do. do. 52. Sialia do do. (a.) Carpodacus Cassini (n. 8.) ............... do. do. 53. Cyanocitta macrolopha (n. 8.) ............ Camp 105. (a.) Strigiceps uliginosus do. 54. Tinnunculus sparverius do. 55. Regulus calendula do. 56. Regulus calendula do. 57. Otus Americanus Camp 107. 58. Corvus splendens (?) Camp 110. 59. Sialia occidentalis .. do. 60. Sialia occidentalis Ne do. 61. Zonotrichia leucophry Camp 111. 62. Zonotrichia leucophrys 6 $5 e Pedes en ie do. 63. Psaltria plumbea (n. s.) . do. 64. Zonotrichia leucophrys..................... do. 65. Zonotrichia leucophrys..................... ve 66. Thryothorus Mexicanus.................... Camp 112. 67. Culicivora plumbea (n. 8.) ................ Williams river, "à M. 68. Thryothorus obsoletus...................... do. 69. Ptiliogonys nitens do. š, 70. Pipilo mesoleucus (n. 8.)... . do. do. | 11. Buteo swainsoni E 114, Williams” river, N. M. 37 12. Pipilo aberti do. do. do. | 73. Corvus splendens (?) Camp 115, do. do. 74. Chrysomitris psaltria....................... Camp 116, do. do. 15. Regulus calendula do. do. do. 76. Chrysomitris psaltria do. do. do. TT. Querquedula Carolinensis................- do. do. do. 78. Chrysomitris psaltria do WE do. do. 19. Selasphorus costae .... Camp 117, do. do. 80. Selasphorus costae. san" do. do. 81. Charadrius ۴٥187108 e do. do. do 82. Sturnella neglecta ..................--- RIS do. do. do. 83. pe وس رین‎ e do. do. 84. Camp 118, do do. 85. dois Carolinensis bii caos ا‎ do. do. do. 36. Carpodacus familiaris do. do. do. 87. Carpodacus familiaris....................... do. do. do. 88. Tyrannula sayi ا‎ do. do. an 89. Clangula albeola ...... Camp 119, do. do. 12 . No. 103 105. SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. . Mimus montanus Camp 119, Williams’ river, N. M. . Culicivora plumbea? do. do. do. . Pipilo aberti Camp 120, do. do. . Mimus montanus .......... do. do. do. Psaltria plumbea do. do. do. Pipilo mesoleucus do. do. do. وا‎ nilons..... apr... eer ee do. do. do. . Chrysomitris psaltria do. do. do. . Charadrius vociferus do. do. do. Centurus uropygialis (n. 8.) ............-. do. do. do. . Peucea lincolnlii . do. do. do. . Pipilo aberti do. do. ۱ . Lepus callotis? Camp 97, Little Colorado river, N. M. do 'l'his species was found in greater numbers at the above-mentioned locality than elsewhere on the route. The valley at this point was covered by tall and coarse grass which grew in bunches, varying in size from a foot in diameter at the base, to several feet or even yards; there being always between them a narrow and tortuous, but clean pathway. In this grass this hare was generally found ; rarely going to the hills ; and the roots and tender shoots seemed to afford it food. . Hystrix Canadensis Little Colorado river, N. M. Neotoma —— Little Colorado river, N. M. These animals were numerous in many places in the valley of this river. They lived in the sand in very tortuous holes, and extending for many yrds, though rarely more than fifteen inches below the surface. The entrance to their abode was generally in a pile of earth heaped around the base of a mezquite bush, (Algarobia,) upon the roots of which it seemed to feed. So far as we noticed, they were entirely nocturnal in their habits. On several occasions we attempted to dig them out with spades, but were always forced, after hours of labor, to relinquish the task without having accomplished our purpose. The specimen procured had, during the night, gotten into an empty bucket, from which it could not get out, - and was captured alive in the morning. The body measured about three and a half inches, and the tail the same ; the hair was coarser and darker than that of some others of the same genus noticed. No. 106 Arvicola Camp 94. (a) Arvicola ..... Camp 94, ) Arvicola Camp 94. These three specimens were caught at New Year Spring. Here was a luxuriant growth of gramma grass, (Boutelerea,) both in the valley and on the hill-sides. ' On the jatter places were many loose fragments of volcanic rocks of various sizes scat- tered about, but not in such quantities as to materially interfere with the growth of the grass. In this locality the specimens were found. They built their nests under the stones, and constructed them of dry grass in a manner similar to those of the common meadow mouse, (Arvicola riparius,) and, like this animal, had also paths under the grass, diverging in every direction from its hole; and, indeed, its general appearance was very much like that animal, and seemed only to differ from it in size, the specimens being decidedly smaller. No. 107. Neotoma ?..... Camp 96. This animal was found in a country covered by a growth of the rough-barked cedar, (Juniperus pachydermata.) 'lhey seem to select a hollow tree with a hole near the root; then around it they pile vast heaps of dry twigs, and fragments of ۴ date el SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 13 the several species of cactacew (Opuntia) which grow here. The latter is probably a protection against the depredations of wolves. Numerous lodges of this kind were found throughout the forest, into one of which we dug until we reached the hole at the root of the tree; when, applying a match, we soon compelled the animal to leave it, which it did by finding its way out several feet above, and fell to the ground apparently dead. The food of this animal seems to consist mainly of the fruit of the cactus. No. (a) Wu Th وت‎ aii Sanna Camp 96. This animal closely resembled the common field-mouse, (Hesperomys,) though somewhat larger; the ears, also, being somewhat larger in proportion to the size of the animal. Its abdomen was white, the same color extending slightly on each side; the feet perfectly white; the tail very long and hairy. It lived in the hollows of the cedar trees, like the subject of the preceding description, (107,) and also, built up around the root of the tree a pile of small dry twigs. Sometimes as many as three were found living together in the same tree. No. 108. Lepus artemesize Camp 99, Picacho mountains, New Mexico. 109. Hystrix Canadensis Little Colorado river, New Mexico. 110. Neotoma Camp 106. 111. Dipodomys ordii Camp 106. In removing the cloth which was used in our tent as a carpet, this animal was found under it. No hole was observed in the ground within the tent, from which it could have come, nor did it attempt to make its escape into one; but when pursued, leaped wildly and rapidly about, making at each bound an astonishing distance. Its hind legs, being very long and muscular, are well adapted for this mode of locomotion. No. 112. —— — ———. (Lizard)................. Camp 110, New Mexico. (a) —— — ——. (Lizard)................. Camp 110, New Mexico. 113, 一 一 一 (Lig) ........ 2... Camp 111, New Mexico. (a) —— ——. (Lizard)................. Camp 111, New Mexico. 114. ——. (Lizard) Camp 111, New Mexico. (a) Rana — Camp 111, New Mexico. 115. ——. (Lizard) White Cliff creek, New Mexico. (a) 一 一 一 UET rre دی خلا‎ White Cliff creek, New Mexico. (b Neotoma : White Cliff creek, New Mexico. This was much the largest species of this genus that we saw. We found around a pile of rotten drift-wood near the creek, tracks and other evidences of the presence of some mammalia, and applying a match to the bushes, we patiently awaited the result; and when nearly the entire pile was consumed, the specimen came out, having four young ones adhering to it. The little ones were very young, and after the mother was killed, they were placed in an open spot on the sand, where they crawled awkwardly about for a while, uttering all the time a plaintive, whining cry, not unlike that of a very young kitten. They were caught early in February. No. 116. Rana Camp 113, Williams’ river, New Mexico. 117, 118, 134, 136, سا ا‎ Williams' river, New Mexico. 141, 143, 144, 147. The several lots of fishes enumerated above were taken at various times, at different localities, during our march down Bill Williams' fork. This stream frequently entirely disappears in the sand; but where it flows, is generally a bold and rapid rivulet of clear, pure water. The fishes which we took from it comprised at least five distinct species, and probably six or seven, among which were recognized the Gila robusta and Gila elegans ; and of these two, the former species was the most abundant. The others were probably entirely new and undescribed. 14 No. 118 (a.) No. 119 (a.) Geomys 120. ——— No. SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. — (Lizard) Williams” river. (b.) Scolopendra -—— Williams” river. 119. Spermophilus Camp 117, Williams’ river. This animal was found among the rocks on the hill sides in the immediate vicinity of the creek. It was very active, and ran with great rapidity. It was somewhat larger than the Spermophilus tridecem-lineatus; its color a uniform rusty gray, its belly being of a lighter color. Its hair was rather coarse; its tail short and bushy. Two specimens were observed in this locality, one of which only was procured ; but at no other locality on the route was another observed. Camp 117, Williams' river, N. M. (Lizard) A Camp 119 do. do. (a.) (Lizard) do. do. do. 121. (Lizard) Camp 121 do. do. (a) 一 一 一 (Snake) do. do. do. 122. Lepus callotis (?) do. do. do. 123. Bufo Camp 125 do. do. (a.) Bufo 一 一 一 do. do. do. These toads were quite common at many points along this creek, and were generally found among the bushes or on sandy spots, though sometimes observed m the water. They were all small, the usual length M ur body being about two nches, including the outstretched hindlegs about 34 in (b.) gege thus 一 -一 一 mp 125, Wi nex n N. M. This was an extremely rare animal. The specimen procured was probably Perognathus flavus, at least in size and general appearance it very closely resembled it. 124, Phrynosoma Camp 128, Great Colorado river. (a.) Do 一 一 一 0 do. o GG) Do 一 一 一 do do. do رت‎ DE do. do. do. (d.) Gila elegans ۱ do. do. do. (e.) (Lizard.) do. do. do. 125. (Rat.) do. do. do. (a.) Crotaphytus ——................. 20... do. d do. 0. This large lizard was found on the side of the mountain, and when observed was stretched out on a rock, apparently enjoying the heat of the sun. While in this position it was apptotiohéd by an Indian and shot with an arrow. Although it was the only specimen seen, we learned from the Pah-Utahs that it was not an uncom- mon animal in this locality, and was prized by them as an article of food. 126. (Lista gi. یه مس‎ Camp 131. (a.) ( Lizard ) do. (6.) Phrynosoma do. (c.) o. — do 127 Weg (Rat ID ۶+49۰ do 128 0 05 See Camp 133 (a.) ———- (Lizard.) o (b.) (Lizard ) do. 129. Phrynosoma Camp 144 (0) `, 一 一 一 一 ,: do. (b.) Crotalus ` do. 130. Phrynosoma B 3 Do اج سس‎ Camp 147, Mojave river, Cal. do. do. A i SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 15 (b.) Hesperomys Camp 147, Mojave river, Cal. 181. 一 一 一 (Snake.)... - “+4 00 Camp 149, do. 132. Fishes....... Camp 146, do. This stream rises in the coast range of mountains, and flows towards the Great Colorado, but probably sinks in the sand long before Teaching that river, Where we saw it, it was a bold rivulet of clear and pure water. The lot of fishes taken from it comprised about three species, probably all new to science, No 133. Fishes Great Colorado river. We did not observe more than two species of fishes in this stream, one of which was the Gila elegans, the other unknown. No. 135. Fishes Pueblo creek, New Mexico. This was the most beautiful mountain stream that we observed on our journey. Its pure and clear water came tumbling and bubbling over the rocks in such a manner as to forcibly remind us of the mountain brooks of the Atlantic States. It probably empties into the San Francisco river. From it we obtained a single species of fish, the largest specimen not being more than 2 or 24 inches in length. No. 137. و و‎ leas ud dus Cajon Pass, California. 138, Hesperomys Williams' river, New Mexico. (a.) Hesperomys 139. 一 一 一 (a.) Hesperomys Williams' river, New Mexico. ' (nake). Ba dd bn tind Great Colorado river. Great Colorado river. 140. Neotoma San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. 142. Rana Camp 134, Williams' river, New Mexico. a. lens M c0 gem Camp 134, Williams' river, New Mexico. 145. Neotoma —— . .......... San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. 146. Neotoma ge ia EUR .Camp 90. 148. Scorpio ——. ............. enn Williams' river. 151. ee ` Little Colorado river. 152. Rana 一 一 一 White Cliff creek, New Mexico. (a.) Ràna White Cliff creek, New Mexico. 71 No. 153. Hesperomys This tributary of Williams' river is a stream of clear and pure water, and the frogs here obtained are probably identical with those obtained from that stream. i Head waters of Williams’ river. Head waters of Williams” river. 154. Neotoma Great Colorado river. 155. Geomys fulvus....: Camp 99, Picacho mountains, New Mexico. 156. Sciurus aberti San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. (a.) Sciurus aberti San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. (b.) Sciurus aberti San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. This beautiful squirrel was very common in the San Francisco range of mountains, living among the tall pines that here abound, and finding its chief subsistence in the piñones, the fruit of the Pinus edulis. We did not observe it farther west than Mount Sitgreaves. No. 157. Spermophilus beecheyii C go Rancho, California. (a.) Spermophilus beecheyii................... Cocomongo Rancho, California. (b.) Spermophilus beecheyii................... Cocomongo Rancho, California. These singular animals are very numerous near the Cocomongo Rancho, and, indeed, throughout the valley of the San Gabriel river. They were always found living in communities, and in their habits, generally, very closely resembled the prairie dog, (Cynomys ludovicianus.) Their size is about that of the common grey squirrel, (Sciurus carolinensis,) or perhaps a little larger. Their color is usually a No. No. No. SUMMARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. rustyish gray, and varying from that to very dark; I have seen some specimens almost black. The owl, (Athene hypogea,) which is the constant companion of the prairie dog, was also found among these animals in considerable numbers. 158. Mephitis ———. .......... Camp 104, Pueblo creek, New Mexico. This Vue was s intérrhodiute 1 in size between the common Mephitis chinga and the Mephitis zorilla of Mexico. Its general color was black, with a white line on each side, white forehead, and the tip of the tail white. It was the only specimen observed. 159. Skull of a Navajo 1ndian Fort Defiance, New Mexico. 160. Human skull Found on Williams’ river, New Mexico. 161. Ovis montana, (skull of female).. .... do. do. do. 162. Canis latrans, (skin) do. do. do. 163. Antilocapra Americana, (skin)......... San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. 164. Ovis aries, (skull) New i This specimen was procured on account of its peculiarity i in having four horns, that are well developed, being about eight inches in length; one on each side erect, and one turned downwards. It is said that, many years ago, the proprietor of an extensive hacienda on the Rio Grande owned a vast number of sheep possessing this peculiarity, and that the number of horns to each individual was never less than three, and often as many as seven. His flock was driven off by the Navajo Indians, who still graze large numbers of these animals in the mountains of New Mexico, and among which exist many anomalies of this kind. 165. Picus scalaris Camp 122. 166. Pterocyanea ceeruleata Camp 123. 167. Scolopax Wilsonii do. 168. Scolopax Wilsonii do. 169. Cypselus melanoleucus, (n. s.)........-.. do. 170. Tyrannula sayi do. 171. Centurus uropygialis, (n. s.) do. 172. Dafila acuta Camp 126. 173. Sturnella neglecta do. 174. Spizella pallida Camp 127. 175. Coturniculus passerinus...................- do. 176. Cotyle serripennis....... Camp 128. ZH. Antrostomus nuttalli Camp 130. 178. Lanius lud do. 179. Morphnus unicinctus Camp 134. 180. Colaptes rubricatus ? do. 182.. Pterocyanea ceeruleata ..................... Mojave river, California. 183. Callipepla Californica do. do. 184. Totanus melanoleucus...................... do. do. 185. Buteo montanus do. do. 186. Cyanocitta Californica o. do. 187. Agelaius gnbernat Cocomongo Rancho, California. 188. Agelaius gubernmator................. eee do. do. 189. Tyrannula nigricans. do. do. 190. Sylvicola Auduboni do. do. 191. Athene hypogwa Los Angeles, California. 192. Aix sponsa San Francisco, California. 193. Chaulelasmus streperus do. do. 194. Fuligula mariloides..... do. do. -— ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS —LOSS OF SPECIMENS. 17 ',195. Numenius longirostri San Francisco, California. 196. Rallus elegans do. do. (a.) Ibis ordii do. do. 197. Ovis montana....... (skull of male)......San Francisco mountains, New Mexico. 198. Canis latrans........ Co een — Williams’ river, New Mexico A single glance at the foregoing statement is sufficient to convince us that the collection was a very extensive one, and possessed of rare interest. The country traversed by the expedition was almost entirely unexplored, and afforded an opportunity for scientific research but seldom offered; and we strenuously endeavored to make as complete a zoological collection as we could, by procuring and preserving everything within our reach; and after reaching Los Angeles, in looking over the specimens, and finding among them so many things new to science, felt ourselves fully and richly rewarded for any trouble or labor that we may have undergone in obtaining them. At that place nearly the entire alcoholic collection, for convenience of trans- portation, was repacked and placed in a large keg. And it becomes my painful duty to report, that this keg, containing, as it did, many of our most valuable specimens, was lost at Panama, through the negligence of Hinckley's Express Company, to the agent of which it was turned over for transportation to Aspinwall; and, notwithstanding our efforts to recover it have been unceasing up to the present time, we have been entirely unsuccessful; nor have we even been able to elicit any information concerning it. It contained the specimens corresponding to the following numbers, viz : 5, 6, (a,) 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 28, 102, 105, 106, (a,) (b,) 107, (a,) 108, 110, 111, 112, (a,) 113, (a,) 114, (a,) 115, (a,) @,) 124, (a,) @,) (c) (d) (e,) 125, (a,) 126, (a,) (b) (c,) 127, 128, (a,) (b) (c,) 129, (a,) (,ق)‎ 130, (a,) (5,) 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, (a,) 139, (a,) 140, 141, 142, (a,) (b,) 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, (a,) 153, (a,) 154, 155, 156, (a,) (b,) 157, (a,) (b,) 158. It will be perceived from the foregoing that, through this negligence, not only the expedition has suffered very seriously, but that science itself has met with an almost irreparable loss; which, we are sure, no one will regret more earnestly than yourself, knowing, as we do, the lively interest that you have always manifested in this department, and your untiring efforts to promote its success. In conclusion, allow me to state that, in making collections in natural history, I was very kindly and continually assisted by Mr. Móllhausen, to whose zeal and industry equal credit with myself is due for the number and variety of specimens. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. B. R. KENNERLY, M. D., Physician and Naturalist to the Expedition. A. W. WHIPPLE, First Lieut. Topographical Engineers, U. S. A., In charge ër exploration for railroad route near 35th parallel. H auto Su a ats kon ms e €— ibo. z d d n wä S dec GE < PN E Ee 7 = ae rs ES A x Ze TE š ce T7 IPIE NOTE. The remainder of the Zoological Report will appear in a subsequent volume, it being impossible to prepare it in time for publication in connexion with the other portions of this report. oreet amm M creer rsen puro APPENDICES TO REPORT. 3 Te E اب‎ i m MET SE APPENDIX: A, I ` ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH SEXTANT. SEXTANT NO. 1 AND ARTIFICIAL HORIZON OF MERCURY. FORT SMITH, (Rogers Hotd)—Jvix 5, 1853. CAMP WILSON—Juty 6, 1853—Continued. Object observed. Time of observ'n — double Object observed. -| Time of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. tude. by chronometer. altitude. AC Wü X ° Py E h. m. AMA 006 eier TA 5- 08 11.6 107 47 50 p.n. EMT E NN | 5 59 4 68 51 30 & 11 03.8 109 14 00 € 9 68 53 00 5 14 28.1 110 14 40 6 02 28.2 68 54 10 5 16 08.0 110 50 50 : d po : Th e e Thermometer 789. Barometer 29. 7 in. Index error — 50". Se a SEXTANT No. 2. Arcturug-.. stu zz, - 5 23 06.0 127 50 50 5.925 25.8 "wb CAMP WILSON—Jvrx 12, 1853. 5 26 46.2 126 32 00 5: 59. 68.8 114 08 50 Eola مرج‎ S SSS. زا‎ 6 24 2 69 13 20 6 01 28.6 113 33 20 6 25 06.6 69 14 50 6. 26 13,9 69 15 00 Polart ionii D. 9 68 41 20 6 27 02.0 69 15 30 5. 34 50.1 68 42 10 6 28 07.9 69 16 00 b; 36 18,9 68 44 00 6 29 02.2 69 16 20 8: 88 20.2 68 44 20 6 30 01.4 69 16 50 bo 47. 09.9 68 48 40 6 31 30.1 69 18 20 b. 52 38.2 68 51 00 6 32 48.9 9 19 00 5 53 47.5 68 51 50 & 34 15.1 69 20 10 6. 35 25.6 69 20 50 6. 36 29.9 69 21 30 32 . i D peo E Thermometer 80°. Barometer 29.7 in. Index error — 50 ات‎ éa uns # dw 6 41 39.9 97 55 00 CAMP WILSON—Juty 6, 1853. G 49 01.9 98 24 10 — سم‎ 6 44 10.0 98 48 30 6 45 19.2 99 13 10 lee 9 e 5 25 32.6 114 29 00 6 46 27.3 9 36 40 5 29 23.3 115 59 10 5 30. 38.2 in © n 0 6 51 13.8 94 08 20 5 31 56.7 116 57 30? 6 52 58.2 93 24 25 6 53 52.6 93 02 00 Arcturus. ....---.--- 5 45 28.2 119 39 45 6 55 03.6 92 32 10 5. 49 18.3 118 13 50 6 57 24.0 | 91 36 25 5 53 146 116 44 10 | | Polaris ---------=~- 5 56 22.2 68 50 10 me error — 855". Thermometer شس‎ 189. Ther- 5 57 48.6 68 50 20 mometer detached 269. Barometer 29.7 in Norg. Tt has been deemed proper to give the original unreduced records of the astronomical, magnetic, and y eege observations, in order that those who have à special interest in apen eg ege ene? np pute any portion of the data upon ich the results are founded. This is regarded as the more import. sequence of the hasty manner in whi e the tables were prepared to be submitted to the department. The latitudes. ud "ongitides were required at so SCH a period for the construction of the maps, that little time was allowed for the verification of the primary computation 4 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A— Continued. CAMP WILSON—Juty 13, 1853. ۱ CAMP No. 1, (King's Plantation.) —JuLY 16, 1853. | | | Object observed. ‘Time of observat'n "— EM | Object observed. 'Timeof observat'n Observed double by chronometer. ۱ by chronometer. altitude. H | ۱ | es de EE | ابچ وڈ ھن‎ hi ie TE O is. LN MEAR AA 5 28 49.5 | 115 44 00 | a Scorpii 5 47 31.2 57 19 30 5 30 04.5 116 13 50 | 5 48 35.4 57 22 00 ۱ GSE XE 116 44 50 | 5 50 48.9 57 24 00 : oy 22 L9 117 02 20 | ...0س‎ 57 24 50 4 5 33 05.8 117 23 20 | 5 52 24.5 57 25 50 ; 5 34 15.1 117 50 00 | 5 68 10.1 57 26 05 | 5 34 55.9 118 05 50 | 5 54 08.8 57 26 50 b 55 02.5 57 27 40 Arcturus 6 10 24.2 110 21 10 5 56 06.2 57 27 40 6 11 25.3 109 56 50 5 57 05.0 57 28 00 € 13 115 109 38 20 5 b8 35.9 57 28 40 6 13 18.6 109 12. 20 6 00 03.5 57 28 40 6 14 11.3 108 52 00 6 00 .59.9 57 28 20 6 02 02.6 57 28 20 Polaris. 5 39 .21.9 68 47 40 © 93 00.1 57 28 00 5 40 12.2 68 48 00 6 03 49.9 57 27 50 5. 40 59.1 68 48 30 5 42 06.5 68 49 10 5 42 52.2 68 49 00 Moon’s W. limb -... 6 06 05.0 67 40 50 b 44 03.9 68 50 20 Jupiter 6. 07. 09.1 64 19 20 5 45 34.5 68 50 50 Dist. between Jupi- 6 08 49.2? 8 49 650 5 46 18.0 68 51 00 te rm oon's W. ë 10 11.9 8 49 10 lim 6 11 19.0 8 49 10 a Scorpii 5 48 56.4 58 09 10 6 12 30.8 8 48 30 š 5 50 06.2 57 08 50 6: 19 39.9 8 48 00 & 5i. 1167 57 10 50 Jupiter 6 15 14.5 64 43 30 5 52 59.9 57 12 00 Moon's W. limb ....| 6 16 57.2 67 23 10 5 54 16.0 57 12 00 Arcturus 6 20 09.1 106 47 40 5 55 14.2 87. . 0 6 21 0 106 18 00 5 56 25.6 57 13 20 6 22 15.2 105 55 20 * & 5f. 36.8 57 14 10 6: 23 20.9 105 28 20 : 5 58 30.0 bi 139 30 6 24 29.6 105 04 40 b^ 69 18.2 57 13 0 6.25 32.5 104 39 00 € 00. IX.1 57 14 00 6 28 36.6 103 26 50 6 00 58.8 51. 10 20 6 02 03.5 Bt 13 30 6 03 19.2 57 12 40 a Cygni 6 30 58.8 93 54 50 6 04 29.4 111ھ"‎ 0 6 31 54.0 94 13 30 6 05 15.1 5f: 11 50 6 52 57.9 94 34 50 6 06 11.2 57 11 40 E 6 34 21.2? 95 05 20 6 06 52.9 57 11 00 | 6 bb: 22.2? 104 22 50 6 07 41.0 57 09 30.1 6 54 16.0 102 06 40 |^ 6 08. 48.5 Bi. 08 160 e 6 7 102 29 30 | 6 56 1 102 47 20 Moon’s lower limb-- 6 26 45.5 56 31 85 | 6 57 28.2 102 47 20 Jupiter to moon's W. 6 28 41.9 64 49 30 limb. 6 30 16.0 52 07 50 | 6 31 24.2 52 08 00 | Polaris 6 38 39.1 69 12 00 6 32 22.3 52 07 50 | 6 39 37.9 69 13 50 6 33 48.3 52 06 40 6 41 26.7 69 13 50 6 35 28.5 52 06 00 6 43 32.2 69 15 10 sf 6 36 34.7 52 05 10 6 44 53.9 69 15 40 6 $ 14,5 52 04 50 6 45 52.0 69 15 30 6 38 03.8 52 04 40 6 46 56.1 69 16 40 6 39 03,9 52 03 50 | 6 48 01.8 69 17 00 6 35 44.0 52 03 00 | 6 48 53.5 69 17 00 Jupiter aaa 6 3T 903.4 64 52 30 | Moon 6 38 45.6 50 39 20 | | Index error 一 9 30". Barometer, 29. 618 im. Ther- | Index error — 9' 40". Barometer, 29.59 in. Ther- mometer detached, 78°. 2. | mometer detached, 262.9. Therm'r attached, 75° ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A 一 Continued. CAMP No. 2，(Seulyeiza 一 Jorr 19, 1853. CAMP No. 2, (Scullyvilie) —Jurv 23, 1853— Continued. Object observed. | Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double | by chronometer. altitude. š by chronometer. altitude. OE $, سو وت رو ہج رورا‎ Altair 54 38,5 113 05 10 Polatis سے لے ہے‎ 6 22 12.8 68 58 20 a Corone Borealis...| 7 57 56.1 106 20 40 6 23 38.6 68 58 40 7 58 59.4 105 54 24 6 24 50.0 59 T 59. 53.0 105 33 00 6 26 24,2 59 8 00 35,9 05 15 00 6 27 31.6 00 8 01 42.3 04 48 30 G 28 38.9 69 01 40 8 02 49.9 ۱04 19 50 6 29 18.5 69 01 50 8 05 0 103 15 0 6 30 08.3 69 02 40 k 6 31 02.8 69 03 40 و ہی میں‎ coude 8 07 44.6? 127 56 40 6 32 04.0 69 03 50 8 09 10.2 128 27 20 8 11 04.3 129 06 10 SUD Lass ہی‎ wee 0914. 0 65 16 10 8 12 31.5? 129 39 10 6 38 27.6 65 15 10 8 13 38.9 129 59 50 6 39 15,9 65 16 00 be | 6 39 58.0 65 15 40 名 R Index error 一 9 50”. Thermometer të 819.5. | š SÉ = i ++ = > Leia ا‎ att' d, 80°. eter, U. V., 31.028 in 6 42 05.0 65 13 50 Barometer, L. V., 1. 382 in. Barometer, 29. sas in. 6 42 51.3 12 ۱ CAMP No. 2, (Seullyvill) Joe 22, 1853. Index error — 9' 30", Barometer, 29.528 in. Ther- mometer attached, 8090. Termometer detached, 839.6 CAMP No. 3—Jvrv 26, 1853. POEL EL | V 55 46.4 69 19 50 i 7 56 48.8 69 21 00 Pu وع‎ 39.8 69 21 10 758. 26.8 69 21 00 1-59 16.4 69 20 30 8 00 30.6 6$ 21 0 Index error — Y. Barometer, 29.575 in. Thermom- eter ی‎ 740.2. "Thermometer detached, 799.9. CAMP No. 2, (Scullyvill). —JuLx 23, 1853. Arcturusiión:. coños 6 oL 25.2 114 16 49 6 02 23.6 113 53 40 6 03 13.5 113 35 50 6 04 07.0 113 14 10 6 04 59.6 112 53 00 6 54 29.4 93 13 30 6 55 12.0 92 57 00 š 6 56 03.9 92 35 20 6 56 51.2 92 17 3 6 58 39.5— 91 43 40 6 59 21.6 91 15 30 VI... ç fi 02.8 131 47 50 6 13 97.9 13% 18 10 6 12 19.6 132 40 00 6 14 10.9 133 00 30 idt 2 6 16. 59.8. 79 53 40 6 11. BIC 80 15 30 6 45 13.0 90 25 10 6 46 28.4 90 52 50 6 48 46.3 91 42 00 6 49 40.9 92 01 50 6 50 35.4? 92 21 00 6 51 29.0 92 40 10 6 53 29.6 93 02 10 PIE ¿ae d adeo | 20 06 40.1 116 07 40 20 08 01.7 116 28 30 20 09 27.2 116 50 00 | 20 10 31.8 117 05 900 20 11 20.9 117 17 00 a Coronz Borealis --- 20 14 59.3 99 40 00 20 16 00.5 99 17 40 20 14. 08.9 98 49 00 20 18 13.0 98 22 30 20 19 10.2 97 58 40 Pulai... ¿uso 20 22 06.1 TO 16 40 20 14.0 70 19 39 20 24 29.9 70 18 10 20 26 46.0 70 21 20 20 27 35 10 21 20 Index error — 9’ 30". Barometer, 29.5 in. Ther- mometer, 70^. CAMP No. 4 一 JULY 27, 1853. a Lyre | 18 05 38.8 129 13 00 | 18 06 43.0 129 20 ۱:19:92 SiS 129 57 50 | 18 08 40.4 130 24 00 | 18 09 27.5 130 00 Arcturus..........- 18..11 1473 10 10 18 12 22.5 110 26 230 18 13 98 109 57 10 But 109 34 40 18 15 28.6 109 13 40 6 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 4—Jvzx 27, 1853— Continued. | CAMP No. 6—JuLy 30, 1853—Continued. | | Object observed. | Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed deuble by chronometer. altitude. | by chronometer. altitude. E ns Be o ڑا‎ A m S وٹ‎ di Polaris 18 19 49.9 68 49 50 js UU AMENS OE 18 50 02.2 69 03 40 182 21. 17.0 68 51 05 184 517 87.1 69 04 00 18 22 36.8 68 51 40 18 53 19.9 69 06 00 18 23 42.1 | 68 53 00 18 55 01.0 69 07 00 18 24 55.4 68 54 00 18 56 81.1 69 09 00 18 44 165.9 69 05 30 18 69. 21.2 69 10 20 18 45 07.2 69 05 50 19 01 01.4 69 11 00 19 02 02.5 69 12 00 Jupiter 18 28 40.2 65 20 20 19 04 15.7 69 13 30 18 29 32.5 65 20 20 18 30 41.1 65 21 50 18 31 245 65 22 30 Index error — 9' 50". Barometer, 29.664 in. Ther- | 18 343. 09.7 65 22 50 fie 34 19.9 65 22 40 | 18 36 37.4 65 22 30 " | ip Do Ege zr CAMP No. 7—Jurx 31, 1853. | 18 40 58.0 65 21 40 Ñ 18 42 03.6 65 20 10 E Arcturus 18 23 34.6 106 38 50? i Index error 一 09 30". Barometer, 29. 604 in. Ther- e t ege M. p ep mometer, 66°. 18 26 22.9 105 32 10 18 26 58.8 105 17 40 CAMP No. 4—Jvrix 28, 1853. e a Cygni 18 29 07.4 92 03 00 Arturus. cT aros 8 10 07.0 | 11 1 18 29 48.1 92 17 50 is 10 37:2 a 7 2 18 30 35.3 92 33 20 18 11 48.4 110 39 10 18 31 23.8 92 50 20 18 13 42.6 | 109 54 00 18 32 07.0 93 06 20 18 M 2 109 18 15 33. I | ib bs = 5000007 eee 18 35 48.2 65 34 30 | 18 36 44.9 65 33 20 BME تا رت ای‎ 18 19 28.4 80 26 10 18 37 42.9 65 34 00 18 20 36.9 80 52 50 18 38 40.0 65 33 40 SSES? 81 14 10 | 18 39 19.5 65 33 20 18 2% 30.1 81 35 40 | 18 40 07.9 65 33 20 18 24 43.9 83 2T 10 | 18 40 52.0 65 33 00 18 25 48.3 82 61 30 | 18 41 47.4 65 32 10 I 18 42 38.0 65 31 20 دا با متا‎ E 18 29 26.3 68 56 00 | l8. 30 33.5 68 56 O اه سوه تس . تو‎ 18 45 35.1 68 55 45 | 18 47 02.5 68 56 40 : | 18 48 06.7 68 58 00 ! Index error — 10’. Barometer, 29.667 in. Thermom- | 18: 49. 15.2 68 58 30 eter, 739. ۱ 18 50 10.0 68 59 00 : | 18 51 31.9 69 00 40 CAMP No. 6—Juvzx 30, 1853. | 18 52 31.2 69 00 30 Arcturus | 14 37 55.6 104 39 10 | ۲ 20 18 58 00.9 92 51 30 18 29 01.4 104 13 30 | 18 59 17.8 92 20 40 18 30 09.2 103 45 40 | 19 00 06.0 92 00 40 18 31 19.6 103 18 00 | 19 00 53.3 91 42 10 32 3$ 12.3 102 56 40 | 19 01 52.2 91 18 00 18 33 20.0 102 30 00 ` d 94 12.5 102 08 10 a Cygni 19 04 10.0 104 23 30 ۱ 19 05 2 104 45 40 a Cygni 18 98 18.9 95 33 40 | 10... 08 11, 2 105 06 50 18 39 49.2 6 05 20 | 19 07 143 105 29 40 18 41 18.3 96 37 30 | 19 08 09.2 105 48 30 ]8 42 50.1 to w E 18 43 89 97 33 50 | 18 45 05.4 97 56 00 | Index error — 10' 20”. Barometer, 29. 633 in. Ther- 13 46 37,2 98 23 00 ! mometer, 73^, Ee S‏ ۱۳۳ بر ASTRONOMICAL ODSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A— Continued. CAMP No. 8—Avavsr 1, 1853. CAMP No. 9—4Avavsr 2, 1853—Continued. Object observed. Tim | d by بر پم‎ da | | e of observ'n | — — Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. altitude. m. $ H EK « Cygni 18 43 49.4 97 ^00 10 | 18. 46 13.8 97 52 40 | 18 47 10.5 98 12 20 18 48 00.2 98 30 10 18 48 47.9 98 46 10 18 49 32.4 99 01 50 18 50 19.4 99 19 40 Jupiter cana 18 52 54.6 65 21 00 18 53 30.7 65 19 30 18 54 20.0 65 17 50 18 55 02.2 65 16 20 | 18 55 49.8 65 14 30 Arcturus | 19 00 00.5 92 15 20 19 01 25.2 91 40 00 19 01 59.3 91 27 10 19 02 33.8 91 13 40 19 03 23.6 90 52 40 19 04 12.4 90 32 20 19 54 54.7 90..15 10 Polaris -.... ciao] 19 5+58 69 07 40 : 19 31.0 69 09 20 19 10 40.9 69 10 20 19 35. 4 69 11 00 19 1% 1 69 12 00 19 13 17.1 69 12 19 14 119 69 13 10 19 16 16.7 69 13 30 19. 15 is 69 14 00 19 16 44.6 69 14 20 Second reading. m. a Cygni 19 03 29. | ۱ ۱۰ 509ھ‎ 18 37 4T. | 4 | | ضر 00 HI‏ 的‏ + ا de E e ke wés: - lef 6 © Fe‏ و DWH‏ جر © b9‏ # © ح هه جر ی وب ی Se M ibo:‏ Index error — 10' 30". mometer attached 759. CAMP No. 9—A4Avcvsr 3, 1853. Barometer 29.399 in. Ther- Thermometer detached 769 Index error — LU 30.” Barometer 29.553 in. Ther- mometer 78°. CAMP No. 9—Avavsr 2, 1853. First reading. AFET i.e cau 18 38.01.17 106 07 50 18 26 54.6 105 46 40 18 27 40.3 105 28 40 18 28 41.6 105 03 20 18 29 54.0 104 34 50 Second reading. ج۸‎ 06 eere eec 18 57 08.0 93 39 40 18 58 00.2 93 17 30 18. 58 57.6 92 54 4 s عو‎ BÓ o 18: 59: 9 92 37 40 00 cg 9 219, 00. 21,5 92 20 00 من‎ 95...89 0 y i First ve , 7 00 ` 26 t Ai Cygni- Sa 92 45 10 que P: 18. 33 16,0 93 08 20 oe 34 4 93 33 10 8 35 16.2 93 50 10 18 35 57.8 94 04 20 ۲: Eemer 18: 3L. 51.9 103 55 50 18 32 23.3 103 37 00 18 33 00.7 103 21 30 ig 33 37. 103 06 40 18 34 16.4 1 51 20 PUISSE ¡Ger 18 36 41.8 68 48 50 18 37 41.0 68 50 10 18 38 49.7 68 50 40 18. 39 8 68 51 20 18 40 31.0 68 52 40 a Cygni-...- e. -- 19 01 141 102 58 00 19 02 11.8 103 19 10 19 03 30.2 103 47 00 19 04 12.3 104 01 45 19 04 4 104 17 00 Index error — 10’ 30". | Barometer 29.439 in. Ther. 86°. CAMP No. 10—Aveusr 4, 1853. Arcturusc--.e----- | 1B. 46, 39.4 98 19 50 ee ep 00 1.18 47. 1 97 57 30 ES VL ` ré 18, 4& 5 97 36 30 DN «18. 49 321 97 10 10 18 50 47.0 96 41 00 18 51 28.6 96 24 30 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 10—Avevsr 4, 1853 3--001. CAMP No. 13—Avovsr 7, 1853— Continued. Object observed. Time of observ'n by chronometer. Observed double altitude. Object observed. Time of observat'n b y chronometer. Observed double altitude. A. D o TT AO eR QUIA " Jupe ue etek e 18 59 44.9 65 Er. 10 JO 7 19. 02. 218 68 50 00 19 00 52.3 65 13 50 19 :03 30.1 68 50 40 19 01 42.0 65 E 20 19 04 19.0 68 51 00 19 02 25.4 65 09 20 19 04 56.7 68 52 00 19 08 13.0 -| 65 08 10d | 19 05 47.0 68 52 00 19 04 05.1 65 05 20 | I9 06 31,9 . 08 52 0 | 19 08 03.5 68. 54 00 Index error —10' 30". Barometer 29.46. in. Therm. 82°. | | | SEN IE 9. 45 i E CAMP No. 11 —Avevsr 5, 1853. | bac a 10*. T 29.45 in. Thermom H Jupiler ذس سے تھے ھا‎ 3 P Bom e CAMP No. 14—Avavsr 8, 1853. 18 50 05.6 65 -37 A0 18. 50 49.7 65 -36 .30 18 51 26.9 65 35 50 Jupiter 18 48 59.0 65 51 00 1 18 49 28.5 65 50 30 Arcturus Ia 53 311 95 43 30 18. oF 21,4 65 49 0 18 54 34.9 95 13 30 18 51 32.6 65 47 50 ls, 55 23,2 94 54 40 IB 37 65 46 40 18 55.8 94 40 10 5 18 57 40: 2 93 58 50 E 18 54 11.6 96 06 10 18 54 52.2 95 50 10 a Cygni 19 01 52.7 102 40 10 18 55 31,9 95 33 40 19. 02. 55.1 103 02 10 18 56 22.4 95 13 30 19 04 04.9 103 26 40 18 56 54. 94 59 50 19 05 49.4 104 04 10 19 06 41.3 104 10 a Cygni 18 58 22.5 100 43 30 18 59 06.9 100 59 20 Polaris 19 10 06.1 68 59 40 19. 06: 01.8 101 18 50 19 11 09.7 68 59 50 19 00 52.6 101 38 10 19 12 29.4 69 01 20 19 02 54.7 102 31 40 19 “14 26.1 69 02 30 I9 15- 16.4 69 03 10 Polaris 19 05 20.0 68 43 50 PT I8 ۴ 69 05 20 19 -06 17.0 68 44 30 | 19 20 03.4 69 06 20 19. 07. 29.9 68 45 10 RE 201 10.5 69 07 10 19 88. 21.3 68 45 50 19 10 05.0 68 و‎ 0 Index error 一 10’ 50". Barometer, 29.527 in, Ther- oo سیک ا‎ ee wodister, 765.5. 19 11 0 68 47 0 19. 12. 29.8 68 48 30 CAMP No. 13—Avavsr 7, 1853. dex error — 10' 30". Barometer, 29.338 inches. Anu... 18 40 20.5 101 25 10 Thermometer y 119. 5. 18 40 58.7 101 1 00 18 41 30,4 100 58 40 IM 49 10.8 100 42 50 CAMP No. 15—Avavst 9, 1853. 18 42 43.0 100 30 00 18 43 23.5 100 13 20 P SUME eer eau 18 40 28.4 65 56 30 的 IS 49 42.4 65 42 50 18 41 58.2 65 55 30 iS pO 39.1 65 41 50 18 42 3L 1 65 55 30 I8 51 12.0 65 40 40 18 43: 206,0 65 55 10 18 54.9 65 39 50 18 44 46.1 65 55 00 1۳ 53 36.1 65 38 20 18 54 01.9 95 56 20 | Pi —— 18 50 56.3 68 34 50 ^ | 18 53 02.5 68 35 00 a Cygni 18 55 59.0 100 09 10 | 18 54 07.0 68 36 50 18 56 44.2 100 25 10 | 18 54 49.4 68 37 10 18 5T 38,4 100 42 50 | 18 55 43.3 68 38 00 | 18 58 18.5 100 57 30 | 18 56 22.6 68 38 10 | 18 09 09 101 17 00 18 56 55.0 68 38 | I8 59 3542 101 40 18 57 49.3 68 39 30 Mein ma ARES LA ar wë E ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 15—Aveust 9, 1853—Continued. CAMP No. 17 —Avavsr 11, 1853—Continued. 2m Object observed. [Time of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. 8. ° n. 8. o , " a Cygni 19 00 19.0 10 499 0051۳00 e . 2.2. 18 53 54,1 | 96 56 10 19 03 46.2 102 25 20 18 54 37.9 | 96 38 40 19 04 34,7 102 43 20 18 55 16.1 | 96 23 30 19 05 09.1 102 55 30 18 56 01.5 | 96 04 50 19 05 46.0 103 08 40 18 56 8343 | 95 51 10 19 06 33.1 103 25 50 18 57.100 | . 95 5 | Arcturus 19 12 47.1 88 47 00 a Cygni 18 59 04.6 100 16 20 19 13 36.0 88 29 40 18 59 46.9 100 31 10 19 15 53.3 87. 82 20 19 00 18.7 | 100 43 30 19 16 47.6 87 09 20 19 01 10.7 | 101 02 00% 19 17 40.0 86 47 30 19 02 02.2 101 19 30 19 18 48.9 86 20 20 19 03 06.0 | 101 42 00 El یر ور سی‎ 1 A 19 05 30.0 | 68 30 00 dex error — 10'. Barometer, 29.354 in. Ther- 19 06 28.4 68 31 50 mometer, 199.2. 19 07 23.3 68 32 00 19 22 58.2 68 43 0 i 19 24 00.0 68 44 20 CAMP No. 16—Avausr 10, 1853. sul, aen. d 19 26 0 68 45 50 Jupiter £i. dá ¿22 [SSOP SRL 0 39 15 wit vt 13 58.425 65 37 20 | Dist. betw. Moons] 19 43 39.6 | 26 62 40 18: 59. 95.6 65 36 20 W. limb & Spica. 19 45 38.5 26 54 10 19 51. 65 32 50 9 46 43,9 6 10 19 01 27.4 65 31 30 19 48 27.8 26 54 10 19 49 54.1 26 55 10 Arct 19 03 05.7 | 92 59 30 E w a Ls 92 44 30 | Dist. betw. Moon's | 19 53 14.5 20 29 50 19 04 35. 92 22 40 W. limb & Anta- 19 54 14.1 20 29 00 18 0$ 17.3 92 06 40 res 55 29. 20 28 50 19. 05 59.9 | 91 48 20 | * | Dist. betw. Moou's| 19 57 55.0 26 26 50 a Cygni 19 08 09.8 | 103 40 40d W. limb and Ju- 9 59 47.6 26 25 40 Ke 19 09 18.5 | 104 09 10 piter. 0 00 44.9 26 24 50 19 11 42.4 105 01 00 z سنا‎ | Se 2 Foe Index error — 10. Barometer, 29.358 in. Ther- ور‎ d و ہے‎ ^ 105 4$ 5 | Z 19 14 39.0 | 105 03 40 ju e 7] 19 17 28.1 | 68 50 20 CAMP No. 17—Avavsr 12, 1853. IF 18 335 | 60 1 19.19. 54.1. |. 68. 62.80 19 20 41.3 | 68 53 20 a Cygni 19 20 46.5 107 58 10 19 21 27.4 68 53 20 19 22 26.6 108 34 00 19 04.4 | 68 54 40 19 23 23.2 108 54 10 19 23 53.9 | 68 54 50 19 24 20.0 109 15 10 19 24 40.2 | 68 56 40 19 25 05.2 109 31 30 19 25 49.0 109 46 10 Index error — 10'. Barometer, 29.362 in. Ther- p ZE N E 19 30 38.6 81 58 40 mometer, 769. 9. 19 31 15.4 1 45 M : 19 31 46.7 1 20 19 32 1 81 14 30 CAMP No. 17-—Aveusr 11, 1853. 19 33 16.6 80 52 40 19 38 53.5 80 37 30 Sept مسا مھ‎ 18 49 90 66 33 00 | «a Coronz Borealis...| 19 42 44.4 116 01 10 18 49 48.4 66 02 40 19 43 30.9 115 42 40 18 50 17.8 66 02 10 | b 18 51 08.4 66 01 40 - med 18 51 40.4 66 01 00 Index error — 10' 10". Barometer, 29.342 in. Ther- 18 652 08.5 66 00 20 mometer, 700.6. EN e - : 10 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 17—Avavsr 13, 1853. CAMP No. 19—4Avavsr 15, 1853. Object observed. Time of observ'n L n: me Object observed. | Time of observ'n | Observed double Š i by chronometer. | by chronometer. altitude. | | | o oW 28 | o éi h Mois o G “i 1 a Cygni 19 05 00.9 102 21. 00 Arcturus 19 10 27.0 90 50 00 € 19 05 37.5 102 34 50 19 12 09.8 90 08 50 19 06 18.2 102 49 20 19 14 10.4 89 17 40 ` 19 06 55.1 | 103 02 30 19 16 50.7 88 12 50 19 OF 5L1 |. 168 21 30 19 17 26.9 87 58 20 ' | 19 18 01.2 87 43 30 | Arcturus 19 09 15.2 | 90 43 00 19 18 . 85.8 87 29 20 19 09 48.5 90 29 40 19 19 06.1 87 17 40 19 10 13.4 | 90 19 30 19 10 45.0 90 06 50 PM (2. ¿L as 19 20 31.0 107 18 40 ۲ 19 11 26.7 | 89 50 10 19 231 22.6 107 37 30 | | 19 22 18.2 107 56 50 o Moon's W. limb ....| 19 16 19.0 63 17 00 2. dae 19 22 53.5 108 10 10 | 19 23 32.6 108 23 40 Dist. between Spica| 19 20 52.9 54 58 30 &Moon's W.limb.| 19 22 21.6 | 654 59 10 | Polaris...........- 19 29 68 34 10 19 23 40.4 | 55 01 30 19 29 44.0 68 35 30 9 24 $2.0 | 55 01 50 9 30 25.2 68 36 00 19 25 14.6 | 65 02 00 19 31 03.0 68 36 20 | | 19 31. 51.6 68 37 00 Moon's W. limb ....| 19 25 54.3 62 43 40 ANA 092,90 19 35 15.2 , 105 16 30 Index error — 10”, Barometer 29. 051 in. Ther. 740.9. j . | Dist. between the| 19 42 414 | 51 02 00 Moon and Altair. | 19 44 19.9 51 01 50 CAMP No. 20-—Avavsr 16, 1853. 19 45 17.1 51 01 40 19 46 40.2 51 00 0 : 19 5.0 | 50 00 20 DEMNM AA E 20 02 03.0 69 01 ou | 20 02 43.8 69 01 50 Aliat عو یا ا سی‎ 19 bl 16.5.| 110 16 40 0 03 18.2 69 02 10 Mons W. limb ....| 19 52 16.5 | 60 21. 0 20 03 50.0 69 03 10 | 0 04 20.4 69 03 10 Polaris (AWW) ..... 19 56 16.9 69 oa 10 0 05 08.3 69 04 00 | 19 57 33.3 | 69 ٭‎ 20 0 05 46.7 69 04 20 Polaris GGG) -...-.| 19 54 32.0 | 69 09.10 0 06 23.5 69 04 30 19 55 48.9 | 69 09 20 0 07 00.0 69 05 20 19 58 25.6 | 69-10 00 0: 07 48.6 69 06 00 P | اس‎ e Cygni ?0 09 30.6 124 20 10 Index error — 10'. Barometer 29. 314 in. Ther. 680, 2. 20 10 29.5 124 42 00 20 1l 43.2 125 07 40 0. 12 $1.6 125 23 10 ` CAMP No. 18—Avcvsr 14, 1853. 20 13 10.1 125 38 30 Ro 7 Coronæ Borealis .-..| 20 20 13.1 101 32 00 CECI E 19 05 41.9 102 13 50 20- 23 51.6 100 01 20 Er 19: 08 15.5 103 05 30 20- 24 35.0 99 44 00 Dm 20.2 | 103 06 30 20 25 29.1 99 22 50 I9 15- 69.3 102 55 00 20 26 21.0 99 00 40 19: 17 06.8 103 15 30 20 26 54.8 98 47 00 VO s 39 27 3 98 29 50 Arcturus....... - 19 31 . 40. 1 81 52 10 P se 18.6 80 50 00 j i 19 35 38.8 80 13 40 Index error — 10’. Barometer 29. 017 in. Ther. 70°. 95. 19 T 24.1 79 55 00 s E 2 9ھ‎ m ww CAMP No. 21—Avausr 17, 1853. Polaris ------------| e: 53. 18.8 69 00 00 9 56 58.9 f og cas 上 بی‎ 5 Gë e ھ۳٢‎ 19 23 55.4. 25 49 20 20- 02 25.5 69 02 00 : 18+ 94: 27.53 85 37 00 20 03 514 69 01 50 19 24 56.5 | 85 24 50 | ; Enc 19.25 ۰.32.7 || 09 40 1! a. 18 8: 17.1 | 84 52 40 Index error — 10. Barometer 29.222in. Ther. 729.6. | i 19^ 26: 51.6 | 4 37 30 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 11 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 21—Aucusr 17, 1853—Continued. CAMP No. 21— Avavsr 18, 1853— Continued. | | Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double | Object observed. ‘Time of observ'n ۶-7 double by chronometer. | altitude. | |b y chronometer. | altit | | A, em o d ۱ کا‎ ege = ET 00 9 sf a Cygni 19:29 r 17.0 | 110 01 00 OHNE II. 19 54 08.4 69 08 50 x 19 30 476 | 110 33 30 (we sel 69 10 3 — | 19 $1 21 | 8 Ë N 19 56 348 | 69 11 00 1 37 19 57 27.8 69 11 00 ۱ 19 32 440 | 111 15 0 19 58 15.0 69 12 20 | 19 58 49.4 69 13 | Pélariti یب‎ ۰ 19 38 18.6 | 68 57 20 19-39 33.7 | 68 59 00 |- 19 40 35.9 69 00 00 Index error — Y 40". Barometer, 28. 974 in. Ther- 19 41 44.1 69 00 40 | mometer, 70°. 19 وھ‎ 39.6 | 69 01 5 19 43 37.6 69 02 40 " سم‎ Im ہہ‎ d x CAMP No. 21—Avavsr 20, 1853. Di f. U 19 46 27.9 69 04 00 — | 19 47 175.23 |, 0904-20 | ,Qoropt Borealis. -5/239.309.631.4... i130 sb 00 Corona Borealis ....| 19 51 14.2 113 35 50 | 5 Ë E séi mo = 1 9.56: 98.62 111.37 M : | ny ony ac D SDS _ 5.20 :01..01.9 109 43 40 I 19 58 04.5 |. 110 51 50 | PIU I Io E ^ L | + en 2 a Cygni | 20 06 11.0 123 00 20 7.5 | 20 06 41.6 123 12 20 ۲ سے خی ین و اک مس‎ 20.07 24.8 123 27 00 e SCH ۱ 20 1 123 42 30 Jüpiter............ 20 02 "25.0--| ۰۰60 05 00 | 20 09 07.2 124 03 20 Moon's upper limb..| 20 04 06.4 | 39 15 00 |. ——— ———— ۱ Dist. between Moon's 20 07 38.9 | 59 52 50 SE — 9’. Barometer, 28.912 in. Thermom- i upid 290.9 1620 | 59.53.19 | ۰ 20 11 . 3101 | 59 54 10 | 7 Moon'supperlimb.. 20 12 23.0 | 41 32 0 CAMP Nb..81-—Avasur 21, 1853. Jupite 20 14 06.9 | 58 15 20 | uu | t. between comet | 19 50 23.0 92 26 30 | "ege piter Index error 一 Y. Barometer, 28.984 in. Thermom- Dist. Sasan vonietil 249 - SE لئے‎ | -37 06 20 eter, 670. and Arcturus, I CAMP No. 21—Avausr 18, 1853. — ` Dist. between comet | 19 56 33.3 | 94 31 10 i ad 6 53.5 63 15 20 | «Coronz Borealis... 19 59 110 18 30 Jupiter ------------ 3 » 32.6 65 . 11 10 à 2000 23:1 | 110 01 00 20 01 | 109 44 20 E E 8 54.5 79 43 20 20 02 06.2 | 109 18 40 MRNA o 19 .8 79 28 10 20 02 48.9 | 109 01 30 5.4 79 15 00 "rir ET" ua ok m lau ای‎ 20:06 33.3 | 113 45 10 20 08 23.4 114 14 10 : ` ER 114 46 00 20 09 5 114 33 a Cygni----------- E cni wu 20 10 47.4 | 114 53 20 19 03. 3 115 15 00 19 44 39.1 115 28 10 PER. ——------ 20 15 56.8 69 26 00 19 45 15.2 115 40 5 20 16 56.7 69 . 26 40 20 17 43.2 69 27 40 SE 25.0 | 115 41 30 | 20 18 53.0 po ps —— on 115 27 10 | 20 20 019 | 69 29 40 115 05 | ii Ld 114.44. 114 27 10 Index “eW 50”. Barometer, 28. 936 in. Ther- |. Hê tI mometer, 7 خاش‎ oo ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX À-— Continued. SEXTANT No. 1. CAMP No. 22— Avavusr 22, 1853. CAMP No. 23—4Avavsr 23, 1853 Object observed. "fime of observ'n | | Observed double altitude. by chronometer. Dist. between comet and Jupiter. Dist. between comet and Arcturus. Dist. between comet and Dist. between comet Polaxis. a Coronæ Borealis. .. hom. 8. 19 42 19.6 91 46 10 19 43 28.3 91 45 50 19 45 16.1 |- 91 46 30 19 49 35.1 | 36 33 30 19 50 37.4 36 33 00 1 45.0 36 32 20 19 55 25.9 92 39 00 51 38.2 92 38 30 19 58 57.6 92 36 5 20 06 13.1 65 17 40 20 24 25.6 90 43 50 20 25 25.4 90 20 10 20 26 18.9 89 59 00 20 27 15.5 | 89 35 40 20 27 37.7 89 17 50 20 38 43.4 89 59 10 20 29 5 88 37 20 20 31 59.9 84 23 00 20 33 36.2 84 59 20 20 34 54.0 85 28 10 20 36 06.9 85 56 00 20 36 55.0 86 15 00 20 37 45.6 86 33 0 20 38 38.5 86 55 00 20 42 08.1 69 43 00 20 42 55.4 69 44 00 20 44 06.8 69 44 35 20 45 12.0 69 45 30 20 45 57.7 69 46 20 20 46 54.8 69 46 00 20 48 04.4 69 47 00 x error — 02' 40". mometer, 792. 3 Object observed. | Time of observ'n | Observed double b Barometer, 28. 852 in. CAMP No Altair e mm اس‎ mp mm mm و‎ wm س‎ wm wm e wm | | Polaris lee aa 1o . 23 一 AUGUsT 23, 1853. 19 29 24.4 101 24 30 19 30 03.2 id 3⁄7 00 19. 91 00.1 101 56 30 1 45.0 102 11 00 19 32 19.6 102 22 0 19 33 01.8 102 37 40 19 33 41.4 102 50 30 19 36 28.9 69 01 40 19-97 35,4, 69 02 10 19. 38 7 69 03 00 38. 53.1 69 03 50 19.39 42.4 69 04 20 40 3 69 05 10 19 éi JIL4 69 05 50 19 43 چا و‎ 47.80. 10 19 44 62.4 78 57 00 y chronometer. | altitude. d | h. Ë. o See. Arcturus 19 -45 81. 2 TI a 20 196 19.1 77 22 10 19 47 18.6 76 56 50 19 48 03.3 76 38 30 19 :48 - 81.4 76 23 40 a Corona Borealis...| 20 01 29.1 110 09 00 20 02 24.4 109 47 50 20 04 40.3 108 51 20 20 05 46.5 108 26 00 20 07 00.9 | 107 52 50 | Index error — 02' 50”. Barometer, 28.896 in. Ther- mometer, 749,9 CAMP No. 25—Aucusr 25, 1853. Inpiter cen os مه‎ Sg 19 20 -03.5 64 20 00 19 20 30.6 64 18 00 19 - 21 80:39 64 15 40 19 521 28.3 64 14 10 19 22. 07.5 64 11 30 Arcturus 19 25 40.4 86 10 20 19 26 24.0 85 252 40 19 .21 03.4 85 36 0 19. 28 02.1 85 13 00 19 28 44.5 84 54 50 19 29 . 19.6 84 41 10 Dist. between comet | 19 36 20.1 85 46 00 and Arcturus. 19.89 -97.0 35 46 50d 19 40 15.2 35 46 10 Dist. Vra comet | 19 45 51.9 69 00 00 and Polaris. 19 46 42.0 68 59 00 19 47 39.9 65 59 10 t em Loco. a 20 49 28.8 82 57 50 20 51. 15.9 83 7 0 20 52 30.3 84 05 50 20 53 >09. 84.0 20 53 43.6 84 54 30 20 55 46.7 85 19 10 20 56 30.5 85 35 20 Ad 20 55 23.7 123 57 0 87ء و ےرت‎ 21 01 ¿83.8 70 15 20 21. 02.. 15.2 70 15 40 21 03 05.1 T0 16 30 21 04 00.4 10 17-00 21 04 44.5 70 18 00 21..06 90 T0 19 20 21 08 02.8 70 19 10 21 09 19,0 70 21 20 21- 10 01.8 10 21 40 Index — 02' 50". Barometer 28.740 in. Ther- mometer "729. 03. The comet appeared much the same night. as last n ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 18 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 27—Avavsr 27, 1853. 2 CAMP No. 29—Avavsr 29, 1853. | | "| ۱ Object ۰ | Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double ۱ | by inter. | altitude. | by chronometer. altitude. | | | | | | Ñ; ak. Gë ° E ۱ A. ۲ 1 o d " a Coronae Borealis...| 20 28 55.9 100 01 20 | Corona Borealis ....| 21 01 43.5 87 41 20 20 30 49.4 99 14 50 | Si 8 9 87 04 10 | 20 32 10.3 98 43 00 | 21 07 19.6 85 27 50 l 20 33 01.9 98 21 00 21 08 10.0 85 06 00 20 36 17.3 97 03 00 21 10 47.8 84 02 10 | | 21 12 40.6 83 17 00 DU ہس‎ ¿dl 20-41::57.1 70 27 00 | 21 13 33.3 82 55 10 | 20 43 21.4 70 29 40 | 20 44 28.0 NOOO O PORE EL | 21 16 47.6 71 19 00 20 45 03.9 70 31 10 | ۲99 8 0 71 19 30 20 45 40.0 70 32 00 | 21 18 43.9 20 10 EE UKI | 70 33 00 | 91 -19 41.3 71 20 50 : 20 48 02.8 | 10 33 20 | 21 90 3 20 50 I 20 50 04.3 | 10 34 20 | $31 8 71 22 50 یڈ‎ | 21 22 17.3 71 23 00 : | 21 23 11.2 71 24 00 Index error — 03’. Barometer 28. 886 in. Ther. 64°. 21 :94 84. 4 71 24 00 | | 31 25 25.3 71 25 30 1 f ¿Dep id 21 27 56.4 102 14 50 | SEXTANT No. 2. S 21 29 17.7 102 42 10 21 30 48.0 103 12 40 ! 91 182 541.3 103 52 20 Dist. between the ; Arcturus. 0 00 47.8 36 28 30 utet Jupiter -- is 03 47.8 87 45 20 Index error — 11’ 50". Barometer 28. 474 in. Ther. 720.6. Comet and Polaris ..| 20 06 16.0 . 74 08 30 Í a Corona: Borealis...| 20 23 14.2 102 49 30 : 730 28 11.3 101 59 20 20 26 57.5 101 19 30 à 20 29 02.1 100 28 30 | 20 30 02.9 100 02 40 CAMP No. 30—Avcvsr 30, 1853. 1 20 31 19.9 99 32 00 20.32 21.0 99 06 50 T a Cygni 19 45 41.3 113 45 50 از وا‎ ii... 20 34 30.2 59 16 20 9 46 27.5 | 114 01 50 20 35 20.3 58 54 50 19 47 04.8 14 15 10 20 36 10.4 58 34 40 19 47 43.6 114 29 00 20 37 06.6 58 12 40 1 2.1 115 04 00 2 115 17 00 | ¿Pai 20 41 02.4 60 22 20 19 51 10.2 115 42 20 20 41 51.0 60 43 40 20 42 53.2 61 07 00 Arcturus 19 52 55.3 | P 20 43 55.4 61 32 30 53 35.6 | 16 53 20 19 54 15.7 | 76 37 30 0097 20 46 49.1 88 12 20 19 55 31.5 16 05 30 op 20 47 28.3 88 26 30 19 56 15.1 75 4T 50 20 48 29.4 88 50 00 19 56 47.3 | 75 85 30 . 20 49 27.1 89 10 00 | 20 50 11.9 89 26 50 Dist. between the 19 59 19.6 | 38 07 50 20 51 21.5 89 52 20 comet & Arcturus | 20 52 68 90 13 30 Pub 20 06 24.6 70 31 30 20 07 02.2 70 31 2 Polus e H 0 54 13.4 70 58 20 20 07 35.0 70 32 20 55 14.9 70 58 40 20 08 23.1 10 32 50 20 56 25.3 70 59 20 20 09 00.9 70 33 20 20 57 18.0 71 00 40 20 09 38.0 70 33 20 20 58 24.2 71 01 00 20 10 12.3 70 33 50 20 59 02.3 1 | 20 10 58.7 TO 34 20 20 59 43.5 71 01 40 | 20 12 04.8 70 35 40 Index error — 11’ 50”. Barometer 28. 576 in. Ther. 729.2. | Index error — 11’ 40". Barometer 28.411in. Ther. ۰ 14 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX ۸-00 ۰ : CAMP No. 31—Avavsr 31, 1853. CAMP No. 32 一 SEPTEMBER 1, 1853— Continued. Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double Objected observed. Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. ` by chronometer. altitude. ۱ A. s a 2 یں‎ ZS mme, NS DES ۰ ےپ‎ ۰ A? AA 19 51 59.1 71 52:10 «Peg وھ‎ Ae dÉ 20 56 11.0 64 56 00 | 19 53 04.0 I£ 25. 0 20 57 37.4 65 26 20 19 .53 .47.6 77 08 40 20 58 22.8 65 44 20 19 55 09.5 76 34 30 20 59 44.5 66 17 10 19 55 48.3 "6 19 40 21:200 1:32. 2 66 36 10 19 :56 9 75 .50 60 21-501. 7 66 54 00 21 02 09.6 67 16 00 4 e Pegasi . 90 14 04.9 74 25 00. 30 ^15 58 74 52 10 20 16 710.1 19 1000 Index error — 11120”. Barometer, 28. 261 in. Ther- 20 17 35.4 75 47 30 ا‎ bin. T40. 5. 20 118 133,5 TE HW 105 y 20 19 33.4 76 33 30 20 21 043 17 08 10 CAMP No. 33— Sxrrrunzr. 2, 1853. e Pogat ii.. 4 20-523 5۶٤5 51 49 10 - 20 24 54.8 52 30 10 | ۾‎ Cygni 19 58 52.4 117 43 30 Bee 20 26 56.9 | TO 48 20 19 69 45.1 |. 118 04 10 02 as DO we" 20 01 45.9 | 118 45 00 D t سفن اتا‎ 20 02 38.6 | 119 03 50 7ٗ +0 ٤2 20 03 49.4 | 119 27 50 20 30 28.9 70 50 00 SC? 20 31 142 70 50 30 | acorona Borealis...| 20 08 08.2 110 58 30 20 31 58.1 T0 50 20 20 09 11.4 110 32 00 20 32 39.9 10 52 00 20 09 55.1 110 15 30 La bea 70 52 10 20 11 21.8 109 38 40 20 35 8 70 53 10 20 12 15.3 109 17 10 20:12 0 109 00 50 Index error — 11' 30". Barometer 28.468 in. Ther- Ze? mometer 749. AEE. O O 20 14 25.9 69 26 20 20 15 07.2 69 e x AMP apip : 20 15 36.8 68 5 — s چا ھت‎ 20 16 9 68 43 0 | š 20 16 50.3 68 28 10 Arcturus | 19 49 45.4 79 -05 20 | 19 50 33.9 78 45 20 Polaris 20 19 08.1 1 01 20 19-62 "12.1 78 05 40 20 20 09.0 01 20 | 19 52 48.0 77 51 20 20 20 56.5 03 00 | 19 53 19.6 THO 38 30 20 721 9 1 03 0 19 54 1 77 20 00 20 22 13.0 1 03 50 19 54 55.0 76 59 30 20 23 08.9 | 04 00 20 23 39.6 | 04 20 é نے‎ ui: lo 57 18.9 117 aè 20 24 18.0 71 05 00 3 19 58 04.3 117 41 50 20 24 71 05 20 19 58 48.2 117 58 00 20 25 7 71 05 50 19 59 32.5 118 13 20 20 25 41.0 71 06 20 : 20 00 23.4 118 31 40 a Coronæ Borealis... 20 04 46.6 111 56 10 ۳ 0 05 57.0 111 28 0 Index error — 12" 20". Barometer, 28.438 in. Ther- 20 06 40.9 111 09 50 mometer, 759. 20 07 87.2 110 47 00 20 08 42.2 110 20 30 CAMP No. 34—SEPTEMBER 3, 1853. Polaris. $0 “tt 1 70 45 30 — 20 11 52.5 70 46 00 20 12 44.6 70 46 50 a Cygni 20:31 ۴ 122 04 50 20 13 23,2 70 47 00 20 12 29.9 122 18 20 20 14 02.3 70 47 50 20 0 122 34 30 20 14 0 70 48 20 20 13 50.2 122 48 20 20 15 38.9 70 48 40 30 14 35.0 123 01 50 | 20 16 ۲ 70 49 40 39 15: 2073 123 17 50 |. 20° 76 70 10 20 16 02.2 123 2 rar ETO a ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 15 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 34—Serremper 3, 1853—Continued. Object observed. Time of observat'n — double by chronometer. tude. A) "n con o : ei a Corona Borealis---| 20 18 4 106 59 40 20 19 43.0 106 - 38- 10 20 20 25.9 106 21 20 20 21 20.1 105 59 30 20 22 20,0 105 34 00 20 23 08.0 105 14 40 20 23 50.2 104 57 50 Arcturus 20 325 23.9 65 0 20 26 10.4 65 04 00 20 2 02. 5 64 42 40 Polaris 20 29 24.4 "1 19 10 20 30 37.5 71 20 10 20 31 36.0 71 21 00 20.۰ 32. 34.1 TL... 217. 50 20 .-38..15,9 tL: 28.40 20 .. 34- 15,6 1: 29 50 20 35 07.8 Ths 8 20 36 06.3 71:24 .20 20 36 54.5 11 .:25 0 CAMP No. 35—Sepremper 5, 1853. و | | ia SCH | Object observed. rio of observat'n| Observed double Index error —12’. Barometer, 27.912 in. Ther- mometer, 77°. 5, CAMP No. 35-—SEPTEMBER 4, ۰ |! by chronometer. | altitude. | | e | E wnd | 0 d “a ا‎ 9 46 156 | sr 17^ 19 | 90 46 59.4 | 51 00 20 20 47 55.5 56 37 10 | 20 48 46.0 56 17 00 | 90 49 21.9 56 02 10 20 50 00.0 55 47 10 20 50 48.1 55 28 30 W ۳ 7 20 53 55.0 | 62 4T 0 20 55 40.1 63 31 20 | 20 56 23.9 | 63 48 20 | 20 57 38.2- | 64 17 40 | 20 58 44.8 | 64 45 30 | 20 59 37.6 65 06 30 | 21 00 36.2 65 29 50 Polésis | 21 02 29.5 | 71 52 30 21 03 47.0 71 54 00 21 05 01.9 71 54 10 21 05 54.6 71 54 50 21 06 55.0 71 56 00 21 07 35.1 71 56 10 21 08 07.0 71 56 50. 21 08 45.8 71. 57. 80 21 09 43.9 71 58 20 21 10 29.1 58 40 21 11 24.0 71 59 40 (2 سم‎ لس‎ bo 8 t 一 لک‎ to So S © © Arcturus | 54 16 10 20 54 25.2 53 58 30 20 55 06.3 53 42 10 20:55 50.6 | 53 24 00 20 56 32.4 | 53 07 30 20 57 15.0 | 62 50 10 20 57 57.9 52 35 50 < Fees uuo. Set 21-:01-:31.8 5 55 10 21 ` 44.0 66 24 20 21 03 26.6 66. 41 50 JU 0£29.5- 67 03 21 06 27.9 67 54 20 21 07 26.0 68 18 21 08 14.0 68 37 20 Polaris. 31. dT 1 71 59 00 21 19.0 71 59 40 $ 01023 72 01 00 21 13 43.0 72 01 21 14 43.9 7309-10 21 15 19.3 72 02 30 21:36. © 72 03 10 21 16 72. 03 30 9: RB HEY 72 03 11 و‎ 72 04 10 a Coronz Borealis.... 21 6 4 79 21: 21: 43.6 79 30 30 21 29 09.0 18 6 Index error — 12' 30". Barometer, 27. 908 in. Ther- mometer 72°, 5. CAMP No. 36: 一 SEPTEMBER 6, 1853. a Corona Borealis. ...| 21 05 19.0 89 05 00 F 93 52,1 88 48 10 21:06: IL £ 88 31 40 a). UL E | S88 HM 56 21 07 54.8 87 58 4 21 08 49.6 | 87 36 0 21 09 28.1 4 7 .31 40 Poli cot Da 21. H. 13,4 11.54 00 : 91: 18: 052 71 56 30 . 221. 18- 00.9 71 56 50 21: 18 46.4 71.51 10 2: IE 3.1 71 58 30 21. 15. 09.0 71 58 40 l 16 08.9 71 59 20 ; 21- 11^ 3L 1 72 00 00 y 21. I8. 22.0 72 00 40 poe 21. 19 19.0 72 ML. 20 io, ۸۵ 2... ji os ا‎ 21. 39 DKI 79 14 00 : 21.37 49.4 79 538 30 21. 39. 07.0 80 24 30 21. 40. 01.6 80 45 50 21. 40. 35.9 80 59 50 21 41 30.0 81 20 30 21. 42. 18.1 | 07 CR 20 21. 4X UE "89 01 20 Index error — 12. Barometer, 27.788 im. Ther- mometer, 29. 5 E eg ۵ " 16 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A- Continued. CAMP No. 37 —SrEPTEMBER 7, 1853. CAMP No. 38—SEPTEMBER 8, 1853— Continued. | f Object observed. Time of observat'n Observed double Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double | by chronometer. | altitude. by chronometer. altitude. he AM | o NN Reo: 2.5. 0 dios VERMES Sau Le qi 44 $7.0 | 84.22.50 Polaris sas; امہ‎ 21 42 4 72 35 00 EAT 3.1 84 50 00 21 43 48.9 72 36 00 21 44 22.6 72 36 10 a Coronz Borealis...| 21 52 20.6 69 09 40 21 45 14.3 72 37 30 21 53 10.1 68 48 50 21 45 53.8 72 37 40 4 64 29.9 | ^48 21 90 ok 55 542 | 67 44 30 a Corone Borealis...| 21 17 51.3 83 30 20 a) bT E | 67 17 10 21 18 42.0 83 09 20 ¿ 21 57 58.3 | - 66. 55. 00 21 19 39.9 82 46 00 21 68 47.8 | 66 35 30 21 21 06.6 82 10 30 | 21 21 56.8 81 50 50 Polaris. 22 00 43.9 | 72 40 00 21 22 45.0 81 31 30 «ud 0.4 | 12400 21. 23 36.7 81 10 30 33 OF 56.6 | 1$ 41-49 1% 06 03 | 72.41 00 | : x 2 eh pri er Index error 一 12' 30". Barometer, 27. 672 in. Ther- 2 06 47.5 s^ alm 2 07 29.4 72 45 10 1$ ef 5&1 | 72745 10 22 08 44.0 | 72 45 40 CAMP No. 39—SEPTEMBER 9, 1853. 33 68 35.8 | TX 46 20 、 - | Index error — 12’ 30". Barometer, 27,78 in. Ther- KC Mec. ge چ‎ SE Ae à = | wm Alleine mometer, 61 Dist between Moon's 21 09 24.6 53 53 20 | W.limb & Altair, | 21 10 18.8 53 52 00 CAMP No. 38 一 SEPTEMBER 8, 1853. 91 Jü S.I 53 52 30 i | i 0+0 0ه‎ 21 12. 30.8 123 01 30 Jupiter | 90 02 444 | 59 55 00 Moon's lower limb .. 71. 138. 85.3 43 38 20 Moon's lower limb.. š i ' We 12 94 90 | «Coronz Borealis...| 21 16 46.9 64 57 50 and Moon's W. | 20 05 40.1 17 34 10 21 18 88.6 é . 0 H 20 06 44.0 17 33 50 3i 3 2 63 59 00 Moon's lower limb..| 20 07 3 | 51 12 30 21 19 50.3 63 44 00 AEN. n Sé ee weem eis i رید‎ « iya limb..| 20 11 18.2 | ^50 15 40 Polaris ............| 21 21 23.1 72 16 50 Te geben A 20 14 45.0 | 41 07 50 21 21 57.0 72 17 50 imb & Venus. | 20 15 38.1 | 41 08 40 21 22 38.2 72 18 10 i 20 16 12.2 | 41 08 50 21 23 12.9 12180 | 20 17 06.6 41 09 40 21 23. 39.6 73 319. 10 | Moon's lower limb--| 20 18 06.4 48 36 00 1 i Moon's lowerlimb..| 20 48 15.4 40 36 50 a Pegasi ----------- 21 25 55.5 75 15 00 dili 08“ 20 50 11.0 119 35 30 21 26 38.1 15 31 20 d Dist. between Moon's 21 01 36.1 64 48 10 21 27 33.3 76 52 00 W. limb & Altair. | 21 02 36.3 64 48 00 | 21 28 24.5 76 14 20 ! 21 03. 35. 64 47 90 21 29 02.4 76 29 50 | Al 1 05 35,4 122 13 | Moon's lower limb- 21 06 08.3 | 35 10 50 i | Index ee 12’ 30". Barometer, 27. 69 in, Ther- i e PRO ee نے‎ 21 25 11.2 75 20 00 | mometer, ٥ š M2 o mo | TE 12 20 | 21 29 18.4 | 76 58 40 | ee 87 CAMP No. 40—Srereupen 10, 1853. f 21 32 341 | 78 18 00 š | 21 95 19.6 | 78 35 10 | 21 34 16.2 | 78 57 00 | Moon'slowerlimb.. 21 29 23.3 | 49 06 10 TP 6 | 24 من‎ Je Beggen 21 30 38.0 | 76 46 10 — | 21. چو‎ 04.9 | 77 19 60 | Polaris 21 11 48.0 | 72 11 20 Dist. between Moon's| 21 34 54.4 | 85 13 50 | 21 12 26.9 12 12 20 lower limb & a Pe- 21 35 66.1 | 85 12 30 st PER 72 12 40 جو وو‎ 31.3 85 11 00 | 13 48.5 12.12 50 ———— roe ° T 80. 23 00 21 42 08.1 72 35 20 mg Hover کہ‎ e.) 21. 41 03,0 47 11 30 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 40 一 SEPTEMBER 10, 1853— Continued. CAMP No, 41 一 SEPTEMBER 11, 1853— Continued. Object observed. lime of ol t'n Observed double Object observed. Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. itude. by chronometer. altitude. À. سی‎ MEL KE 4. ا‎ mE a Coronz Borealis...| 21 44 19.8 64 20 00 T 2ھ‎ 22 08 34.9 72 28 00 21 44 9 64 07 30 22 09 54.2 72 28 20 21 45 40.6 63 49 10 )2 11 41.9 72 29 20 21 46 5 63 25 10 2 12 25.9 72 30 10 21 27 63 07 10 2 13 1L0 73° 31 30 21 48 44.4 62 26 30 ° 8 72 31 30 21 49 18.0 62 23 00 2 15 01.0 72 33 00 2 15 6 72 33 00 a Andromede ...... 21 54 56.2 74 44 10 2 16 834.4 72 33 10 2208 9 75 18 30 و‎ 9 72 34 20 21 57 75 35 00 21.,57.,97.8 75 49 2 21 58 30.0 16 09 40 tes ator — 14 30". Barometer, 27. 362 in. Ther- 22 00 07.2 16 48 10 BE کرام ہے‎ L ag. ot Sé 72 40 30 23 02 1 72 41 30 شوہ‎ nibo CAMP No. 42—SEPTENBER 12, 1853. 22 04 12.6 72 42 50 22 04 59.3 72 48-10 s 22. 05. 53.1 72 44 10 Moon's lower limb..| 20 51 49.0 53 55 20 Jupiter 20 52 37.9 53 49 30 Dis between | 20 54 25.0 39 31 00 + ep" 3 : 9 Moon's W. limb 0 55 14.6 39 30 50 Au دی‎ umo n and Jupiter. 20 57 44.4 1 10 RS 20 '58 32.3 39 31 50 20 59 20.0 39 32 20 CAMP No. 41 一 SEPTEMBER 11, 1853. Jup 21 00 41.4 52 16 40 Medi loe limb:.|*2I 0F 58.5 55.03. 30 Moon'slower limb..| 21 22 11.0 55 30 00 a Pegasi ----------- 21 05 44.9 65 52 10 ZEN. امت ہے و‎ 21.23 284 . 46 51 10 Distance between | 21 09 50.2 60 06 10 Dist.between Moon's| 21 24 29.6 25 46 30 -Moon's W. limb} 21 10 59.4 06 40 W. limb and Jupi- | 21 26 07.1 25 46 20 asi. 21 12 08.8 |. 60 04 50 21 27 28.3 25 47 20 21 13 08.1 60 05 30 I 3$ 344 25 47 40 ; a Pegasi 21: 183 344 70 40 10 Ji deos 91 29 -34.4 45 235 00 Moon's lower limb 2E 18- 44. 56 35 10 - M 39.35 05 : ‘ak a 21 31 47.0 76 44 30 | a Cornw Borealis....| 21 22 11.2 83 21 10 Dist. CR 21: 79 72 24 0 21 23 1 82 59 10 W. limb and a Pe- 21 43 09.9 72 22 50 Ip I سو‎ s. 0 21 44 0 72 22 20 21 24 37.0 82 24 40 21 44 55.0 12 21 20 31 و‎ 1 "wow 8 « Pegast 21 49 31.2 83 48 00 || FOL osda ایس وت4‎ : oe عوسی‎ 21 : 5 9 Mons lower limb..| 21 50 44.6 53 40 00 21 30 03.8 75 4l 40 : 21 30 44.2 75 58 40 Gen EE dee 21 31 48.0 76 23 00 AOI ۶ػ‎ a l tid 21 33 52.2 | 71 42 40 21 57 07.4 69 01 10 2 94 99 D HE 90 21 57 57.5 68 43 00 e art eed tk 4d 3 21 58 68 2 2]. 35. 33.1 71 44 10 21 35 56.9 71 44 20 TÉ 54 56 2] .36 2826 711 30 EE ns 32 oi 258 77 10 10 Zb: سب یر‎ i Se 92 02 54.4 71 2 | 21 37 32.6 71 46 20 22 03 34.3 77 37 00 | 21 38 00.4 71 47 10 22 04 19.8 77 0 22 05 22.4 78 19 5 i 22.05.56. 0 78 33 40 || Index error — 12’ 30", Barometer 26. 96 in. Ther. 720.6, 18 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. * APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 42—SEPTEMBER 13, 1853. CAMP No. 43 一 SEPTEMBER 14, 1853— Continued. Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. | | A ia 3 o EA hod < . o Ie i Moon’s lower limb..| 21 34 48.0 56 09 10 Moon'slower limb..| 20 54 22.0 40 19 10 ٠.٦ Eus 21 35. 50.5 44 34 50 Jupiter 20 57 03.2 53. 39. 00 Distance between 21. 3T. 91.3 53 36 30 Distance between 20 59 19.8 66 59 30 Moon’s W. limb; 21 38 11.9 53 36 -10 Moon's W. limb| 21 00 48.0 66 59 10 aad Jupiter. 21 39 42.1 53 36 40 and Jupiter 21 ^01 4 67 00 10 21 40 26.4 53 37 00 SG soil. 1. 02 47 52 33 19 21 41 04.0 53 3T 10 Moon’s lower limb..| 21 03 43.0 42 59 40 1 42 08.4 43 01 50 人 21 08 03.8 66 28 20 Moon'slower limb..| 21 43 095.6 5T 24 0 21 09 02.2 66 50 30 4 TA ند‎ Lh ۰ LO 81 39 00 Distance between | 21 47 26.1 48 04 20 Distance between | 21 10 46.3 31 39 20 Moon's W. limb | 21 49 06.3 48 04 00 Moon's W. limb | 21 11 36.5 37 38 40 and a Pegasi. 21 50 38.2 48 02 50 and a Pegasi. 21 12 38.4 37 38 00 ea 21 52 04.8 83 23 10 Moon’s lower limb..| 21 52 54.2 58 44 40 SE 21 15 20.9 69 24 10 Moon'slower limb..| 21 16 37.4 46 33 20 a Corne Borealis....| 21 55 45.4 70 00 231.57 410.9 69 25 10 POS S eras. deg 21 -20 : 85.5 71 09 00 21 6T 45.0 69 11 50 SCN IRA 71 09 00 21 58 27.8 68 54 20 21 21 53.0 71 09 40 21 59 06.2 68 40 21 22 24.3 71 10 00 21 59 42.3 68 25 10 21 22 51.9 1-10 10 22 00 30.3 68 06 21 23 21.0 ZK D 21 23 58.3 TI MA a Andromede......-| 22 01 50.6 76 24 20 21 24 31.4 Tb 741 0 22 02 34.1 76 41 10 21 24 59.9 71 11 50 22 03 51.7 T 1 22 39.4 Ti 81 40 Pl... ds qwe 21 29 46.2 75 12 00 05 47 71 59 00 21 32 42.6 76 23 00 22 06 40.5 78 20 30 2L -33 33.4 716. 85. 0 22 07 15.2 78 21 .93 .9 76 49 50 21 3⁄4 22.9 Ti :05 10 Folds... 22 08 54.1 72 09 10 11:35 0 77 23 00 S 22 09 0 72 10 30d 21 36 13.5 77 47 30 22 10 24.4 72 10 30 22 11 05.2 42 10 - 22 11 43.4 72 11 50 | Index error — 12. Barometer 26.722 in. Ther. 780.3. 22 12 14.5 72 12 20 22 12 48.1 [2 12 30 22 13 12.9 2 13 09 44.13 37.4 2 13 30 22 14 04.4 72 13 50 22 18 44.5 72 20 S3 Dx CAMP No. 44—Srereuoen 15, 1853. 22 21 33.7 72 16 50 x شع می‎ 3 36.00 | coins Boredis.-.] 91:39 04.3 77 28 3 21 39 38.7 "10 = Rate š 21 40 25.5 76 55 O Index error — 12’ 30". Baromcter 26.85in. Ther. 70°. 5. 21 41 33.6 76 27 00 21 42 26.0 76 06 50 š - cu 21 45 03.4 80 51 00 21 43.1 81 pes > 21.0 81 2 CAMP No. 13—Serremper 14, 1853. 2 " 52.8 81 35 40 21 47 2 81 50 10 21 48 902.3 82 03 3 و‎ Corne Borealis....| 20 48 28.1 97 27 10 20 49 18.6 97 08 10 Poli. .......2 Y 21 49 53.1 71 24 900 20 50 909.2 96 46 50 21 50 36.5 71 24 00 20 50 48.0 96 30 40 21 51 15.0 71 24 10 20 51 22.6 96 16 21 51 52.2 71 24 20 20 52 25.4 95 51 10 21 52 41.7 71 25 00 20 53 03.9 95 35 21 53 17.4 71 2 30 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 19 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP. No. 44—SzrrEMBER. 15, 1853—Continued. CAMP No. 46 一 SEPTEMBER 17, 1853. Object observed. ^ |Timeof observat'n| Observed double Object observed. ^ |Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. À. اھ رک‎ o رو '& کیج‎ ded Altair (latitude). . - 21 57 47.0 126 23 50 s Berpeniis. ........ 22 43 49.6 86 18 20 21 58 21.9 126 23 10 22 44 52.3 85 54 40 21 58 64,1 126 23 10 22 45 38.0 85 36 10 21 59 126 21 50 22 46 22.6 85 18 50 22 47 06.5 85 02 30 Index error 一 12’ 30". Barometer 26.578 in. Ther- a Andromedae.------ 22 50 50.6 93 53 40 mometer 72°. 5. 22 51 32.3 94 10 30 22 52 11.8 94 26 30 22 52 50.9 94 42 00 22 53 32.3 94 59 20 Polaris 22 55 48.3 11 59 50 22 58 19.0 72 01 50 22 59 23.2 72 02 10 23 00 04.8 12 02 40 23 02 01.6 72 04 00 23 02 28.5 72 04 0 ' : CAMP No. 45—8SzrrEMpER 16, 1853. Index error — 12'. Barometer 25. 944 in. Thermome- a Corona Borealis...| 21 17 56.2 86 33 00 ter 75°. 21 18 40.0 86 15 20 r 21 19 16.4 86 00 20 21 19 59.0 85 43 00 21 20 33.5 85 29 00 CAMP No. 47—Srrremsrr 19, 1853. "T. e 21 37 21.3 77 38 10 ی کی‎ na TS 1t 90 | «Corons Borealis---| 21 11 30.9 90 28 40 s amu; - as. ae 21 12 39.0 90 OL 10 9i 43 417 e” 21 14 50.3 89 08 30 21 15 23.1 88 54 50 dida uid us gë 1 43 53.2 126 21 30 a A یی‎ pe 1 44 54.6 126 24 00 h-b ud وه‎ 49 i15 21 46 20.1 126 25 29 Š بی‎ CI nr Rb A Fi 21 19 46.6 68 52 49 Altair (latitude). ---- | 49 44.6 126 31 30 اس‎ rs e at as 1 50 212 126 33 00 ۰ 21 17.2 69 0 21 51 27, 126 33 40 21 23 70 11 21 52 23,1 126 00 : 21 23 37.1 70 26 10 d 53 17.9 126 34 00 91 24 41.7 70 55 1 21 54 23.8 126 34 00 54 54.0 126: 34. 10 $ ۲ 7 31 10 21 55 19.4 | 126 34 29 | Polaris TE ود و ھا‎ A 06 15 -— e 21 27 54.9 70 33 10 21 57 17.2 126 31 40 21 29 06.8 70 33 50 2] 58 00.4 126 32 40 21 29 30.0 و‎ 34 1 š S M ZA و‎ 2 21 30 10.9 TO 34 40 ; 30 43.0 70 35 09 22 00 46.0 | .126 29 30 eT ir (lati id. ñ 36 03 09 BEN 22 03 55.9 71 28 00 | Altair (latitude) " pos 2 m 11 00 22 04 55.0 11 2 21 38 39.4 126 19 20 22 06 01.6 11 29 40 21 41 14.1 126 28 38 22 06 34.1 71 3 e 39 21 42 47.8 12 Index error — 12". Barometer 26.176 in. Ther- Index error — 14'. Barometer, 26.28 in. Therme- mometer 72°. 5. meter, 65°. 5. 20 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 49 一 SEPTEMBER 21, 1853. CAMP No. 51— SEPTEMBER 23, 1853. Object observed. + " d bi fA by chronometer. Observed double altitude. Object observed. fat Ë by chronometer. Observed double altitude. a Coronz Borealis... Polaris ete Barometer, 26. 086 in. Thermom-‏ .14 — سو یی r, 559,‏ CAMP No. 50—SepreMBER 22, 1853. a Corona Borealis... T'olaris e SS EREBEREI یف >< ت enka‏ ٢ب‏ حر ٦ی‏ من سر = UN‏ یت bo 00 B O = Dë يپ‎ ka ps SP So S OS @ 39 Index error — 14’. ter, 699. 5, y Barometer, 25. 796 in. Thermom- a Coron: Borealis... y Pegasi eee ee ee ee eee ری ت حبر سر حر ka OR, WON‏ ون FOSA PONS"‏ => جب ت MO SO @ = t>‏ سر سي ooo SO رو‎ N en to Soo Index error — 14’. Barometer, 25.422 in. Thermom- ` 0. eter, 579. CAMP No. 52—Sepremper 24, 1853. Arcturus a Coron:x Borealis. __ a Andromedae Altair (latitude) .... 21 19 54.0 21 20 42.1 21: 21- 14.9 21 21 40.4 Zi 22- 10.3 21 24 44.2 21 25. 23.5 21- 25- 57.9 21 26 28.1 21 27. 02.0 2F 29 4 2T 29 56.1 21 30 35.0 21 31 10.9 21: 0 21 32 28.4 21 57 1 1 58 19.0 21 58 52.5 21 59 31.3 22 00 45.0 22. 01. 44.5 22 02 20.2 22.02 59.6 22 03 53.0 22 04 36.4 22 05 19.8 L 50 50 50 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 21 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 52 一 SzpTEMXBER 24, 1853— Continued. CAMP No. 54, (Anton Chico) 一 SEPTEMBER 28 — Continued. Object observed. Ti f observat'n| Observed double Object observed. Time of ger — double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. tude. E T o sif ed h. 8. 3 " Altair (latitude) ....| 22 05 51.0 126 59 10 Polaris 22^ وو‎ SEKR 71-23 50 2 06 35.9 126 58 40 238 33 42.2 71 24 50 22 07. 10.5 126 58 10 22 34 17.4 71 25 40 22 07 49.0 126 57 50 22 34 59.1 71 25 40 22 08 24.9 126 57 00 23 35- 81.4 11 35 0 22 09 02.0 126 56 50 22 36 08.5 11 26 40 22 10. 00.0 126 55 20 22 36 44.4 71 27 00 22 10 41.6 1 54 00 ۰ 22 11 4 126 53 30 22. 12. 36.5 126 51 00 Index error — 13’. Barometer, 24.916 in. Ther- mometer, 56°. 5. رہ‎ PR 2 3 22 15 29.0 88. 29 10 22 16 49.2 89 00 50 22 ۸ 511 89 24 50 CAMP No. 55-—SkPTEMBER 29, 1853. 22" 18 21.3 89 40 30 22 19 06.9 89 56 20 Polaris EI a 23 41 58.0 72 15 00 Polaris 22.521. :21.9 71. 06 50 23 31.7 72 16 22-22 15.1 71 07 00 23 44 36.0 72 1 22 22 55.0 71 07 30 28 4.1 72 17 50 22 23 56.9 71 08 40 23 46 46.6 79 18 40 22 24 41.3 71 09 23 .2 73 19 10 -22 26 06.4 .71 09 50 23 49 08.4 72 19 30 22 26 40.5 Ji EE 00 | Index error 一 13’ 50". Barometer, 24. 006 in. Ther- Index error — 14, Barometer, 25.352 in. Ther- mometer, 589 mometer, 55°. 9 CAMP No. 57—Ocroner 1, 1853. CAMP No. 52—SEPTEMBER 25, 1853. a Corone Borealis...| 22 44 49.9 | 58 11 00- a Coronae Borealis...| 21 49 02.0 78 01 50 22 46 32.4 57 33 20 21 49 58.6 77 38 30 22 47 54.3 57 00 00 E 21 50 34.4 17 24 10 22 49 06.6 56 29 10 . 21 51 16.2 oT we 20 22 50 35.7 55 54 50 210001. 7 76 50 50 a Pegasi 23 24 47.3 96 46 10 a Pegasi ...-- ker ¿m 21 53 44.0 79 48 20 od 27 21 54 28.5 80 06 40 23 28 58.0 98 21 30 21 55 04.6 80 19 50 21 55 37.3 80 34 00 i, SSE 23 18 21.9 71 24 00 21 56 08.0 80 46 40 23 20 04.3 71 28 00 23 21 53.1 71 31 30 سس‎ ek: iad میں سر‎ 0 MA t Index error—13' 50". Barometer, 24.022 in. Ther- e mometer, 42°. 1. AMP ` (Anton Chico) —SEPTEMBER 28,1853. ۰ P CN ( ies s CAMP No. 58, (San Antonio) —Ocrongz 2, 1853. realis 3. 13 50 cec وچ اچس‎ KS? 3 S E ^ 53 20 a Coronz Borealis...| 22 47 57.9 57 22 40- 34 24 29.5 64 38 10 22 49 20.0 56 48 50 22 25 11.1 64 22 10 22 50 38.2 56 18 1 22 25 47.2 64 07 50 22 51 42.3 55 54 10 ۱ 22 52 48.3 0 T 3 513 92 15 10 a Pegasi ....------ S 97 47.1 92 28 30 a Pegasi سے وو کے‎ quqa بت ہی‎ ima 22 59 9 86 51 50 22 28 20 92 41 20 23 38.9 87 32 10 22 28 57.0 92 55 20 23 02 03.3 88 03 30 22 29 30.8 93 08 50 23. 03 12.1 88 28 50 04.0 93 21 30 04 58.1 89 11 10 22 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 58, (San Antonio)—Ocroprr 2, 1853—Continued. CAMP No. 59, (Albuquerque) —OCToBER 5, 1853—Continued. Object observed. "Time of observat’n Manne ete Object observed. [Time of observat'n| Observed double y chronometer. by chronometer. altitude. AK A E LAE یں‎ home ok OF ee Pol ۶ی‎ 23 10 43.0 71 38 00 Pul IA 33" 14 8 71 41 00 28 11 47.9 71 38 00 95 19 30.1 71 42 00 28 13 35.1 11 41 16 23 20 04.6 71 43 00 23 15 07.8 71 42 00 23° 20 36.8 71 43 00 | 23 16 23.1 71 42 00 23 21 10.0 71 43 20 23 31 41.5 71 43 30 š 29" 29. 8 71 43 50 Index error — 12 40". Barometer, 23.888 in. Ther- 23 93 01.9 71 45 00 mometer, 44^. 23 23 40.5 71 45 00 CAMP No. 59, (Albuquerque) —OcronER 3, 1853. یی‎ Lue. 352 23 24 58.3 122 50 50 23 25 49.2 122 30 20 a Pegasi ...... sasa 48 8] "t 99 05 30 23 26 21.5 122 18 40 Ski 14.7 100 09 10 2237.13. 4 121 58 00 22 55 21.5 100 35 00 23 28 04.8 121 38 20 22 56 04. 100 55 00 13. 4. ELY 101 21 10 Index error — 13'. Barometer, 25,286 in. - Bib ہت و‎ 23 02 07.4 71 31 00 | eter, 630 free 95,859 in... Thames 23 11 03.0 71 36 00 28. 12- 13.1 71 36 50 23 12 56.1 71 87 00 23 14 20.2 71 38 30 CAMP No. 59—(Albuguerque)—Octonrr 6, 1853. 23 23 —91.6 74 40 40 23:323 088.8 74 13 50 à 93 24 40.4 73 49 50 a Coronz Borealis... 22 20 21.2 68 57 50 23 25 42.2 73 29 00 22 21 13.2 68 37 10 23 27 37.0 72 42 10 22 22 58.9 67 54 00 2%. 23 85.3 67 40 50 GER 67 21 20 Index error — 12' 40". Barometer, 25.288 in. Ther- 5 mometer, 539. T. í a Andromede ------ 22 26 07.9 76 54 50 1 22 27 51.4 77 36 30 CAMP No. 59, (Albuquerque) —OcronzR 4, 1853. 22 28 33.4 77 53 50 | 22 29 03.8 78 06 00 a Coronze Borealis...| 22 17 02.2 70 11 30 22 30 00.6 78 29 00 5 18 1 69 45 20 22 19 09.6 69 22 30 22 20 51.0 68 41 10 Inde EN E 184 in. " mi es de do geg =: “A Barometer, 25. 184 in. Thermom "e TEST 2t; 20: 4,1 89 35 00 ot 29: XS 90 03 20 22: 28. 59.3 90 24 10 22 30 16.5 90 54 SEXTANT No. 3.—SIDEREAL CHRONOMETER 22 31 23.7 91 22 10 No. 2,475, BY PARKINSON & FRODSHAM. TA. F 2 56 20.6 71 10 00 22 36 19.0 71 10 20 ISLETA, 00۳0982 29, 1853. 98 37 20.1 71 10 40 009 1 11 HH 0 22 39 49.3 71 12 30 a Andromede. ...... | 39 50.5 93 30 40 4l 31.3 94 10 00 Index error — 11’ 507. Barometer, 25.26 in. Ther- s TI E e he سے‎ E : 44 17.5 95 19 20 CAMP No. 59, CA 5, 1853. O td ۶ a Andromede ------ 23 12 16.0 95 39 50 23 13 46.4 96 16 40 23 14 32.2 96 34 50 23 15 10.8 96 51 50 23 16 24.3 97 21 40 000000 000009 CO OQ OQ GO QO اس‎ a ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 23 APPENDIX A—Continued. ISLETA, Ocropgg 29, 1853— Continued. CAMP. No. 63, (Rio Rita)—NovkwnaER 11, 1853. Object observed. Time of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. f ol t'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. Ka wm. ê o AUS Ala e o ud a Lyre IC CREE 8 54 07.5 123 39 00 a Lyre 2 36. 16.0 52 56 40 8 54 53.4 123 21. 00 7 38 30, 6 52 06 50 & 56 36.5 123 04 00 2 09 21.5 51 51 10 8 56 20.6 122 47 00 2 40 471 51 20 40 8 56 59.5 122 31 00 2 41 48.6 50 59 20 Polaris 8 59 46.4 ve de: 9 Aldabearan. ....... * 49 138 04 9 00 24.5 ZK I0. . 15 2 50 01.7 62 24 30 $ 01 01.4 11. Il 10 2 50 47.6 62 38 50 9 01 8 TE 3th. 40 2 51 18.6 62 55 40 9 02 23.7 Tl 13.2 2 52 48.6 63 34 00 Fouralhaut.........| 2 55 47.0 42 33 40 Index error 一 2’. Barometer 25.522 in. Thermome- 2 56 57.6 42 22 10 ter 509 2 57 52.1 42 14 20 Polaris $.236 17.1 TS 123. 40 3 oF. TL 78.18 20 ° 8 28 16.9 13 14 n0 SEXTANT No. 2.—SIDEREAL CHRONOMETER 3 29 164 | 73 12 50 No. 10, BY GLOVER. PETI |. wi ER ین‎ S 51 03.6 18.13 0 CAMP. No. 61, (south side of Isleta) —NovxMnER 9, 1853. Saturn E-45. 51 1 54 15 10 1 47 05.6 "54 42 40 1 ۰48, 18.1 55 12 0 1 49 30.9 55 45 20 F 50. 37.1 56 09 40 a Lyre 1 53 55.9 67 40 50 1 55 11.2 67 12 30 l 56 18.5 66 45 00 E ör 23.1 66 19 55 i 58. 26.9 65 54 40 £ یسب‎ — 12 30”. Barometer 24.6 in. Ther- Inde mometer 340, CAMP No. 64, (near Covera)—Novemper 14, 1853. Index Ss — LU 50”. Barometer 25. 348 in. Ther- mometer 39°. CAMP No. 62, (Rio Puerco) —NovemBER 10, 1853. ۳۵۳38 iw do ko KR. 19.3 71 20 50 8 03 40.2 11 17 00 8 05 44.5 711-16 29 8.06. 16.6 71 15 00 Sirius. 8 10 42.0 73 10 00 8 12 20.9 73 23 8 13 47.8 73 33 30 8 14 56.0 13 43 8 15 44.4 73 48 40 Saturn 8 20 20.5 117 49 30 8 22 36.6 IIT) 0E. 8 8.23 E 116 33 00 8.25 17.2 116 59 Index error —13’. Barometer 24.838 in. Ther- mometer 220.5, a Lyre 1 25 29.4 102 46 30 1.26. 42.9 102 20 10 ka: 27 06.5 102 09 00 Lo 27. 46. 1 101 55 20 1 28 35.5 101 37 30 1 29 10.6 101 24 VIE: لام‎ eum o di L. 46 9 53 45 Lb.41 52.1 54 11 50 1 48 46.0 54 32 40 L: 49 TE. A 54 43 50 1.50 01.2 55 04 Pales... dnce EC A. 34. 12.1 72 55 00 1 35 25.9 72° 58 30 i» 38. 42.5 72 56 10 1 40 55.5 72 5T .00 L. 41 34.6 T2 5T 40 42 14.6 72 BT 0 1.43 190.32 58 a Lyre 0 1 53 07.0 68 55 00 1 54 20.9 68 26 30 55 .9 50 1 55 38.0 61 13 10 1 58 06.8 67 04 30 l1 58, 34.2 66 52 40 Index error—13'. Barometer 24.051 in. Ther. 490,3, 24 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 65—Novemper 15, 1853. CAMP No. 67, (Agua Fria) —NovemMBER 17, 1853—Cont' d. à Object observed. ime of observat'n| Ol ld Object observed. [Time of observat'n| Observed double i by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. i ! A oe. 8. o ams A. 35. 3 > dé SAHE Ga 1.27. 41.0 95 10 00 0 0 usc.» Sle 1 48 15 650 1.28 25.5 S 27 "39 2..19. 42.1 48 38 50 1.29. 18.4 95 50 10 Zo dk. 14. L 49 17 40 1.50. 265 96 14 20 2.23. 20.4 50 08 50 T. a. : 96 36 00 24 45.5 50 43 20 TA EPA 1.322, 56.5 76 41 20 E A O گاج‎ 64 27 00 L. SS 30 1 78 26 30 2 08 09.1 64 11 30 1.94 h 76 07 00 2. 08 36.2 64 02 10 1.35. 06.4 76 1 50 2 09 02.8 63 55 40 1 35 44.9 15.39), 20 2.09. 35.1 63 40 40 T 30 11.5 75. 26 40 ; PS Se Saturn دس‎ E 5 70 .05 50 Polaris 1 46 24.9 72 8 2.29. 00.6 70. 23-30 i L.4% 81.6 72 59 10 2 29 43.1 70 40 20 1 48 35.5 72 59 20 2 30 22.6 70 56 40 1.50. 5 72 59 40 43: 90. DI.T 71 00 40 ` 1. of, 09,6 72 59 50 2..3L 345 71 26 30 | i a Auriga 2 34 00.0 64 56 40 me ' Index error 一 13 Barometer 23.9 in. Ther. 352.7. 9-84 44.1 65 11 50 SCH 9. 2 65 23. 90 ا نے‎ 2 $0 9 65 34 50 CAMP No. 66, (Sierra Madre) —Novxwsxn. 16, 1853. disque — š > a Cygni 2 48 386.1 97 26 20 2 49 49.9 97 01 40 Du o5 امش مم ہق و‎ 1 19 6 72. 30 50 2 7.50 387.1 96 44 0 1.20 18.1 72. رہ‎ 0 2.02 20.8 96 08 20 1 20 45.5 72 3 2.53 11.4 95 50 00 3 21 992.5 72 32 20 2.53 44.8 95 38 10 1 22 20.4 72 383. 00 2 55 47.9 94 53 50 1 9$ 1.5 12. 33 44 POR E Foor 17.9 1% 12 OB a Tyo Ee e ERR JL 49. DO یہ‎ 1h 1 73 -12 00 1 32 09. KA I 30 3..06 39.2 73 "E 329 1.32 42.6 77 01 00 3:1% 0L4 73 12 40 1-383 14.5 76 50 00 8*53 8 76 41 0 1 34 04.6 16 31 00 Index error 一 13 Barometer, 22,594 in. Ther- Capella 1 38 13.5 sida =” 1.39. Ska 47 38 30 1 41 24.8 48 06 30 1 42 44.1 48 31 20 CAMP No. 68, (Inscription Rock) —Novxwnrn 18, 1853. Fo 49 38.5 48 46 30 ۰ 1 44 9 49 02 00 ۱ ] e E 1< SO I5 12 48 40 ix cde I S 36.8 72 50 00 Index error -—13', Barometer 23.2 in. Ther. 270.5, 1 39 33.1 72 50 30 1:40 16,4 72 50 .50 1 42. 263 73.51.80 CAMP No. 67, (Agua Eria)—Novemner 17, 1853. at e Se ۲: Ce 8 73 24 40 = 1 44 42,5 7 13. 50 1 45 21.9 73 00 00 Saturn 1.51 05.5 54 54 40 I-46 OLI 72 45 20 1 54. 55.5 OG 2I -10 I 46 62,1 72 26 40 1.56 20. 57 01 00 i.5L 15.7 57 24 20 a Cygni 1 857 67,5 116 07 40 LBE 57 50 090 I 68 01.8 115 49 20 1.59 32.2 58 20 30 t-58 3 115 3 1 59 5% 58 30 00 1.59 09,5 115 24 40 2 00 49.5 58. 51 30 i 59 3 115 18 30 M š 2 02 08,1 59 23 00 2 00 7 115 0 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 25 APPENDIX A—Continued. * | CAMP No. 70, (near Zuñi)—NovEmBER 21, 1853—Cont' d. CAMP No. 68, (Inscription Rock) —Nov. 18, 1853—Cont'd. $ 一 一 一 — Object observed. مت‎ of اف‎ memi: جات‎ | Object observed. Ti f observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. | by chronometer. altitude. Lk ak ee ag bo . k رو وت‎ 8 Saturn 2 02 01.4 59 00 00 a Cygni | 39 10.5 128 11. 80 2 02 36.5 59 12 40 | 40 06.8 1 50 00 2 02 59.1 59 22 10 | 40 50.5 122 37 20 2 03 49.5 59 42 00 L 40 ML A 122 24 30 2 04 15.9 59 53 40 1 44.5 124 ..17 10 2 04 51,1 60 09 00 42 27.6 122 00 30 42 50.8 121 52 40 Aurige 2 08 22.8 56 14 50 43 28,6 121 41 00 2 09 02.5 56 27 10 44 12.5 121 24 30 2 . 09 99.5 56 39 20 44 40.7 121 15 20 2 10 25.3 56 55 10 ° REI i 57 07 00 Polaris 1 47 85 72 58 10 1 48 34.5 12 58 50 PON ام ھا‎ 2 12 22.9 73 02 50 1 49 24.6 72, 59 30 2 12 585 73 03 00 1 50 11,8 73 00 00 13 35.4 73 03 10 1 50 57.2 73 00 30 1 bl 26.6 73 00 50 Index error — 13’. Barometer, 23.075 in. Thermom- J ف0‎ 53, C s eter, 36°. 2. i 1 10.5 73 01 00 E ; Saturn 1-58 21.3 56 13 40 CAMP No. 69, (Ojo del Piscado)—Novemper 19, 1853. 1 56 5 56 28 10 1.57 33.9 56 Polaris سے سے ہے‎ ld. 12 440 72 46 40 1 58 16.5 57 02 30 1:19 ^39.5 72 4T 00 1 59 00.9 57 22 10 1 14 49.9 72 47 20 1 59 38.9 57 1:415 2441 72 47 30 2 00 19.6 57 51 40 1 16 - 05.5 72 48 00 1 1 TOOL 72 48 30 a Aurige 2 Dl 651.0 53 36 30 2 02 39.0 53 51 30 Lyre 1319 CLL, 83 01 50 2 03 15.6 54 02 30 1 20 08, 1 82 48 10 2 04 29.8 54 26 40 1 20 42.1 82 34 30 2 05 53.9 54 53 50 1 21 03.5 82 26 20 2 06 26.0 55 03 30 L 21 25,1 82 19 30 1 2L 55.5 82 08 30 Index error — 13’ 30". Barometer, 24. 018 in. Ther- Arietis L SL 04.1 95 05 30 mometer, 329. 5 1 31 345 95 21. 00 3 1 82 ULA 95 30 20 1 32 54.6 95 53 40 d 1-33 9 96 14 10 CAMP No. 70, (near Zuñi)—NOVEMBER 22, 1853. Saturn 1 46 53.0 52 30 50 1 47 34,8 52 47 50 Tur d'Ee 1 49 33.0 72 13 10 LS S46; 52 57 40 1 19.2 71 56 50 1 48 18.0 53 07 10 ۱ 40.9 71— 2T 1 48 42.2 53 15 40 1 5 41 05 30 1 49 06.1 53 25 40 1 53 42.6 70 42 10 1 49 24.2 53 34 00 1 57. 18.6 69 24 2 00 42.8 68 10 40 ae ES — 13’. Barometer 23.556 in. Ther EE E 2 05 06.8 59 51 00 2 06 21.6 60 21 20 y | 2 07 07.5 60 41 00 CAMP No. 70, (near Zuñi)—NOVEMBER 21, 1853. 2 08 02.4 l es 4 E eE 1 33 41.5 78 04 00 2 08 48.2 61 21 4 وہ‎ 272541 MNA 3 ہت‎ 2 1 73 06 50 1 34 4 77 37 00 2 1144 | Ja Baris 1 35 20.8 77 27 50 2 15 1 mw. “1 85 428 77 18 0 1 3 ILI 77 08 10 7 1 36 34.2 76 59 20 Index error — 12'30". Barometer 24 in. Thermom 1 37 009 76 47 20 eter 299.8 Ñ 4m 26 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 70, (near Zuñi)—NovemBER 23, 1853. CAMP No. 70, (near Zuni)—Novemper 24, 1853—Cont' d. Object observed. Time of observ’n | Observed double Object observed. | Time of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. altitude. | by chronometer. altitude. | h. 0 ۶۴ ” | h. 8. o , "m Polaris. 0 56 36.50 72 34 40 a Cygni |- 1-49-05.0 119 43 10 0 57 14.60 72 34 40 | 1 49 33.5 119 34 00 0 57 45.70 72 34 50 41-49 اد‎ 119 25 20 0 58 09.50 T2 35 00 1:2780 * 1625 119 19 00 0 58 34.70 12-35-20 1 50 46.8 119 05 00 0 58 57.80 72 35 40 1 -61 ` 06.9 119 00 00 0 59 18.00 T2 35 50 0 59 34.60 72 36 00 UFO جر مات‎ ri ss 1 52 34.1 71-06 3 1 52 54.4 70 59 30 & a Ee i 1 35.0 90 09 30 LI 53 ~ 165 T0 51 10 1 02 05.0 89 55 40 1 53-33.0 70 44 20 1 02 29.1 89 50 00 1 53 9 70 34 20 1 9 .5 B9. 31. 80 l1 54 11.5 TO 29 10 ^ 1 93 317.5 89 22 10 1 54 34.5 70 20 00 1 04 19.1 89 07 00 1 04 42.4 88 50 20 | 1-56-23.0 56. 32 30 1 05 02.5 88 50 00 1 56 45.5 56 43 10 1 0۵۰ 19.4 88 44 50 1 57-02.2 56 49 50 1 05 36.3 88 37 30 1 57 40.8 57 06 40 1 05 55.1 88 30 40 1 58 21.9 57 27 30 Y 59 08.5 57 43 30 TTT C. 79 1 07 12.1 111 28 20 1 59 26.0 57 50 00 1-907 50.5 111 15 40 1 08 20.9 111 05 00 Ce AI aa 2 01 40.5 46 29 50 1 08 58.9 110 50 00 2.04 29.1 46 44 50 2 03 02.8 46 54 40 سیت‎ A 9 9 lI ۴ 0 38 16 0 2 03 24.0 47 03 30 1 1 0 39 19 0 2 03 43.6 47 09 10 1 $4 51.4 39 24 00 2 04 03.2 47 14 50 1 15-167 39 44 40 1:15: 45.1 39 56 30 1 16 19.4 40 10 40 Index error — 12' 40". Barometer 23.964 in. Ther- ° B Andromeda ...-.. 1۳9 و‎ Doi wow | "eve I 26 29.1 124 355 40 1 26 56,5 124 46 40 FET 48.8 125 09 10 CAMP No. 70, (near Zuni)-—NovrMarR 25, 1853. 1 28 28. 125 24 20 FE bk 1 125 34 00 7 8 1 1. 11. جو‎ tw. se || "NU Ee DAMES وھ‎ M i uz uu 37 40 30 e ae 73 8 1 33 39.1 38 00 40 : ç 1 35 Bl 1 49 26.8 72 15-50 .5 50 50 L 50.-42.3 71 47 30 (ES es" 39 03 10 1 53 41.5 70 42 59 1 56 22.6 69 48 rod 1 : 7 61.2 69 13 Index error —12’ 30". Barometer 23.93 in. Ther- | 59 15.5 68 36 30 mometer 320,5, FER وم مسا مات وت‎ 02 5 59 19 0 05 02.1 60 12 00 06 29.6 60 49 00 07 38.3 61 16 20 08 25.4 61 i x ; 33.5 62 0 CAMP No. 70, (near Zuñi)— November 24, 1853. 26 35.5 69 03 | 29 19.8 70 12 20 | [351-199 70 56 10 Polaris 1 42 49.5 72 56 00 | 33 34.3 71 55 20 1 43 35. 72 56 20 | 34 5 73 وو وو‎ 1 03. 9 72 56 30 | 397 40.0 73 34 30 | 3 44 Abu 72 56 10 ) 39 52.6 74 27 10 | 1 58. 1 712 56 50 1 45 196 M M | 1 45 46.5 10 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX A-— Continued, 27 CAMP No. 72—Novemper 28, 1853. CAMP No. 74—Novzunzn 30, 1853. Object observed. Time of observ'n by chronometer. Observed double altitude. Object observed. Time of observ'n by chronometer. Observed double altitude. ~ © ي‎ t> مو‎ «D یىی‎ DO a OO bo ho bó bB bó NyNNyyN — tO RO RO قد‎ VOYY bó و‎ bo سح وه وه‎ or oe ots = چ‎ @ co to > uno‏ دہ ہہ AU ww d o . " POD ll lee 4. 18 29.0 12 0 1 13 0 72 34 00 1 14 21.8 73 34 10 1 14. 48.5 79 $4 20 1 15 07.8 13 34 80 ۸۰ 15 0 72 34 0 1 16 09.1 72 35 00 Moe ct i 38 415 84 15 50 1 19 08.9 83 58 00 +. AO. 89.1 83 46 0 1 20 01.4 83 38 50 1 20 45.4 83 23 20 a Cygni 1 22 34.6 126 31 30 1 43 21.38 126 14 50 1 23 51.6 126 03 40 1 24 22.6 125 52 06 1 25 04.5 125 37. 40 BED clue. Quat Re 1 28 12.5 45 01 10 1 28 94.4 45 10 00 1:38 60.2 45 18 20 1 29 24.4 45 30 50 18 29 43.7 45 38 30 1. 390. 07.8 45 48 40 L 20 28.0 45 56 00 a Arp... ro J 89 3 44 13 30 1 48 04.7 45 03 30 l 43. HW.6 46 57 40 1 43 06.8 47 12 50 1 p 8 41 30 00 Index error — 13. Barometer 24 in. Ther. 319.7. CAMP No. 73—NOVEMEER 29, 1853. a Tauri D VV دن دن دن ت جن دب ذت جن جن‎ G دب جب‎ G G دن‎ Ls oO bo Index error — 13’. eter, 360, Barometer, 24.68 in. Thermom- CAMP No. 75—Decemper 1, 1853. Index error 一 13 Barometer 24.3229 in. Ther. 399. Pegasi a o BS ۵ t2 bo bo bo bo b2 مہ‎ ۵ bo b bo bo bo bo bo bo bo و‎ لسم‎ na 5 28 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 75 一 DECEMBER 1, 1853— Continued. CAMP No. 77—Decremper 3, 1853— Continued. by chronometer. | Object observed. — | Time of observ'n | Observed double altitude. Object observed. Time of ا‎ Observed double by chronometer. altitude. d m a SA W Mop... uie 2 26 05.4 60 04 2 26 35.9 60 13 2 27 14.5 60 26 2 27 41.8 60 34 | £ Be 09.9 60 44 Index error 一 13 20". Barometer, 24. 68 in. Ther- mometer, 319. CAMP No. 76—DxcEwBzR 2, 1853. Polaris a Auriga ان تیف E‏ ول 40 49 72 48.8 10 2 Ji 32.3 72 49 50‏ 2 1l 54.5 72 49 50‏ 2 00 50 72 38.5 12 2 10 50 72 34.5 13 2 bp 29 00‏ 05.5 17 2 10 37 56 217.0 17 : 2 50 43 56 41.9 44 2 A. 15 08,6. y 56 50 30‏ 50 58 56 34.5 18 2 10 35 63 24.1 19 2 00 13 63 53.2 19 2 40 02 63 8.1 2 2 30 52 62 46.7 20 2 40 38 62 20 21 2 Index error — 13’. eter, 389,8. Barometer, 25.06 in. Thermom- CAMP No. 78, (Colorado Chiquito) —DxckwaER 5, 1853. Poma a ccu 2 d5 3654 73 00 00 2 16 04,2 73 00 00 3:16 GET 73 0 -20 2 ۰:17 02% 6 73 00 530 4 dq 34d 73.00 .20 > Us .5 73 00 20 2 18 28.9 73 00 30 2 18 46.0 73 00 30 Saturn 2 20 40,3 65 30 00 2 221 15,2 65. 44 10 2 3I 465,6 65 55 00 2-332 وت‎ A 66 14 20 2 423 40,0 66. 43 10 a Lyre 2 25 48.0 60 43 30 2 26 32.9 00 2T 10 2 ZE 04.2 60 14 50 2 4 š5 4 60 03 50 2 S 2 59 55 00 Altair کا‎ CR 58 53 50 2-30 50,1 58 30 00 2-31 2 58 16 50 2-31 .52.2 58 04 00 2-32 281 57 48 40 a Aurigse 2 34 39.5 62- 33-30 EI a 38 05 62 42 40 35 56.4 62 10 2 36 38.8 63 10 20 3 "ST :28;1 63 24 10 Index error— 13' 20". Barometer, 24.73 in. Ther- mometer, 389, 3. CAMP No. 77—Decemser 3, 1853. a Lyra ہے ساد‎ m ما سے سرے‎ I 2 03 02. 9 69 11 2 03 44.1 68 57 445 04 19.2 68 43 2 04 57,2 68 30 2 05 199 68 20 Saturn 2 00 ili 59 33 2 07 09.9 59 44 2 59 56 2 08 24.9 60 14 2 08 55.0 60 ۳۱31 A A | Saturn A er a Aurigge o 2 04 39.8 72 39 40 2 05 38.7 72 39 40 2 06 12.6 72 39 40 2 06 40.5 72 39 50 5 WE 12,2 72 39 50 2 08 55,0 60 19 00 2 09 28.8 60 32 30 2 09 53.4 60 42 10 2 10 34.6 60 59 30 2 11 04.5 61 11 30 2 12 50.8 66 27 50 2 14 01.2 66 00 00 2 14 40.9 65 43 20 2 45 .29.6 65 26 40 2 16 09.9 65 08 10 2 20 49.5 63 00 00 2 21 16.5 62 51 50 2 21 50.6 62 38 30 2 22 32,4 62 23 40 2 23 15.8 62 08 10 2 25 04.5 58 42 00 2 26 02.5 59 00 20 2 26 43.9 59 13 30 2 27 22.3 59 26 00 2 28 22.6 59 47 20 Index error — 13’. eter, 250, 5, Barometer, 25.20 in. Thermom- ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. 29 CAMP No. 79, (Colorado Chiquito) —DECEMBER 6, 1853. CAMP No. 81, (Colorado Chiquito) —Dxo. 8, 1853—Cont' d. Object observed. Time of observ'n| Observed double | Object observed. سل‎ of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. altitude. | y chronometer. i E گی‎ ° dls و‎ 19 5. 63 61 6 Set eg .9 0 7 3 27 17.5 و‎ dou, oem DE uuu EUR 3 30 07.8 73 08 10 | 2 90 29.8 64 31 50 3 30 43.5 73 08 10 | 3 31 4 64 43 مم‎ 3 81 139 13 "9H- 20 | : a eet 3 94 447 74 s so | Polaris 9 0 " ۳9 3 95 49.2 75 22 00 ET 。 ° 3 36 254 75 35 40 Index error — 13'. Barometer 25.28 in. Ther. 290.5. 3 37- 00.6 75 50 10 T 3 37 312 76 02 50 «CAMP No. 82, cir Chiquito) —DECEMBER 9, 1853. Be Wees ۱ a Cygni 3 40 49.5 یں و‎ ge] fes 3 H i بو‎ e " 3 41 22.8 82 39 30 5 11 05.8 4 43 40 3 42 03.6 82 23 60 3 11 56.9 65 04 20 $.12 21.7 65 15 10 Index error — 13’. Barometer 25. 43in. Thermome- Polaris Sap 6ہو‎ 7d 18 345 ter 309.8. 3 46 06.5 73 16 50 3 46 52. 73 16 50 CAMP No. 80, (Colorado Chiquito) — DEcEMBER 7, 1853. 8 4T 40.1 73 16 650 3 08. 6 17 Saturn 2 17 26.1 63 20 40 | «Cygni.......--- | 28 St he 79 31 10 3 dn 81.9 63 30 50 3 52 29.9 79 18 50 2 18 2L4 63 42 40 J یو‎ Eë 79 07 30 2 18 45.8 63 52 50 š 63 50.1 78 51 40 2 19 3 2 64 15 30 CS.04 471 32 4 Lyre cu e اسم‎ 2-20 67:9 63 38 30 P o رام ہے‎ uu 5 56 371.1 88 47 20 2 21 36.1 63 24 40 3 37 18.3 88 59 58 2 22 6 63 09 30 3 67 43.5 89 10 20 2 22 63.6 62 57 00 3 58 16.6 89 21 40 2 23 47.9 62 37- DU 3 58 48.8 89 33 00 Polaris 2 26 90.1 72 57 50 Index error — 13’. Barometer 25.10 in. Ther. 40°. 2 28 59.5 72 58 00 2 29 17.5 72 58 00 CAMP No. 83, (Colorado Chiquito) —DecemBER 14, 1853. 2 30 53.5 72 58 10 Äer 2 32 09.2 72 58 10 a Lyre 2.21 35.4 63 58 40 2 22 89.5 63 33 30 Altair 2 34 39.1 58 21 10 2 25 19.6 62 37 00 2-35 16,2 58 07 20 2 26 05.2 62. 41. 30 2. 390 03,0 57 52 20 3 96 44.5 62 05 50 E و‎ o | 0 2 28 4 68 07 40 i 8۶ ^ 29 03.1 68 17 40 a Auriga. e 2 39 044 62 49 00 2 30 20.9 68 50 00 2.39. 46.7 63 03 10 a Aurige 3 31 142.1 60 07 50 2 40 26.5 63 16 20 2 32 10.2 60 17. 20 2 4 9.5 63 329 0 2 32 36.8 60 25 30 2 42 02.6 63. 47 20 a oe. 13.2 60 36 50 2 33 36.9 60 44 40 Altai n Index E 13’. Barometer 25,45 in. Thermome- d : ps 2 : en m = ter 25° 2 36 23.4 58 07 40 du. 2 37 9 57 09 40 CAMP No. 81, (Colorado Chiquito) —DECEMBER 8, 1853. 2 38 41.8 57 10 40 Polaris 2 48 12.5 73 14 00 2 49 20.9 73 14 10 a Lyre | 29 14 3E9 مدا بب‎ e 3. 49 BLS 13 14 10 2 15 39.5 6 : 73 14 10 2 16 01.0 65 36 40 3. 7 2 16 42.8 65 22 00 - 2 A 491 64 58 10 Index error 一 13'. Barometer 25.06 in. Ther. 28°. 30 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 84, (Colorado Chiquito) —DxcewsER 16, 1853. | ¡CAMP No. 85, (Colorado Chiquito) —DECcEMBER 18, 1853— Cont. Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. A. 999 os. 9 : g Aw وی‎ o 8 P Aldá&baran..... 0 2 49 53.9 55 34 20 Aldabaran ef 3 02 12.5 60 07 00 2 50 41.8 55 54 00 3 03 01.6 60 28 10 2 61 10.6 56 05 40 3 03 56.9 60 50 00 2 bl 7 56 15 20 3 04 46.1 61 10 50 2 52 16.1 56 31 40 8 05 11.5 61 20 40 e Femme تفلا‎ 2 53 58.1 50 Allait e ےو سے سے‎ 3 07 02.9 46 23 40 2 54 5 52 26 30 3 9 46 10 00 23S 185.6 658 16 0 3 08 06.8 45 658 10 2 56 01.3 52 00 50 3 08 36.7 45 45 30 2 56 35.0 51 48 0 3 09 5 45 35 20 Polirisss.. ہا‎ GER 8 00 58.1 173 .80 0 a Cygni 2:42 11.9 94 27 50 : 3-01 51.8 13 30 00 3.412 47.1 94 16 00 3 02 44.6 UIS 3 0 S i2 16.7 94 05 50 3 13 653.6 93 52 30 3 14 21.4 93 43 10 Index error — 13'. Barometer, 25. 3 in. Thermome- ter, 120 EE 2-15 859.5 73 45 0 3 16 46.5 73 45 10 CAMP No. 85, (Colorado Chiquito) —DrxcewBER 17, 1853. Index error — I3'. Barometer, 25. 38in. Thermom- FEN aces ۶ 44 1 57 34 50 eter, ۰ 2 42 05.6 57 20 40 2.42 41.5 57 09 10 CAMP No. 87, (Colorado Chiquito) —DECEMBER 20, 1853. 2 43 16.9 56 55 40 2 43 32.2 56 50 00 a Lyre 2 61 15.5 64 15 10 Aldabaran ------- x. Bon 6 53 50 00 2 52 01.9 54 00 10 2-48. 098 54 27 40 2 52 23.9 53 52 40 a 49 292 54 57 30 2 53 06.8 53 37 50 2 49 57.7 55 12 40 2 53 35.4 53 26 50 2 50 38.8 55 29 50 Aldabaian..... vss 2 56 35.4 "57 45 10 Polaris r 9—52 16.9 Sg 39 30 » 57 386,4 58 09 40 ^ "n3 TEI 13 39 40 2 48 LL 58 24 20 2 53 39.8 13. 99 50 2 59 41.5 59 00 00 2 54 43.6 73 89 50 2 00 02.5 59 10 00 2 64 18.5 73 40 00 Polaris u... sonu 8 08 34.6 73 44 20 8 12 40.6 73 44 50 ane wisi 13. Barometer, 25.37 in. Thermom- eter, 2 CAMP No. 85, (Colorado Chiquito) —Decemper 18, 1853. sor ND ep wel 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 راچ 2 2 2 2 2 2 06 Index error — 13'. Barometer,25.31in. Thermom- . 5. eter, 339 SEXTANT No. 3. CAMP No. 89—Decemper 23, 1853. a Andromeda. 5-25 328.0 115 15 40 5 26 388.5 114 45 10 5 2T 46. 114 17 40 5 28 33.5 113 58 00 TUAM Lu. تاه اه مت‎ 5-352 1X 73 24 50 Aldabaran ...--...- 5.54 7٤ 118 27 00 6 34 50.1 118 44 20 5 36 09.8 119 12 900 5. ٤6 119 26 30 5 87 46.1 119 44 20 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 81 APPENDIX A-— Continued. CAMP No. 89 —DrcemBER 23, 1853— Continued. CAMP No. 91—Drcemper 28, 1853— Continued, I Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double altitude. 9 by chronometer. by chronometer. altitude. E ہے‎ o MAE A S. 8 CIN. TT A 5 40 14.0 100 36 50 ei erg AË éi D. EA 17.1 73 30 00 3 46 28.0 73 30 20 AM 5 46 02.0 73 07 10 3 47 51.2 73 30 5 48 14.4 73 06 40 3 51 37.3 73 30 50 5 49 29.9 73 06 30 3 54 31.0 73 30 40 Index error +1'50”. Barometer 23.92 in. Ther. 69. Index error 十 1 50". Barometer 22.9 in. Ther. 449.9. CAMP No. 89 —DecemBER 24, 1853. CAMP No. 91, (Leur s spring)—Ducmunun 29, 1853. a Tauri 3 27 41.9 69 15 50 | 3 29 14.8 69 54 00 a Cygni 3 35: 15.1 87 38 00 3 30 00.1 70 11 00 3 35 52.8 87 25 00 3 St ۵ 70 -38 30 3 36 38.0 87 09 20 3 3k 50.9 T0 57 30 3 -37 .11.3 86 56 00 3 32 42.5 TL 18. 40 Aldabaran ......... 3 42 44.8 74 36 40 a Cygni 3 35 20.6 86 54 00 3 44 42.6 75 24 20 3.986 310.4 86 36 30 3 45 .36.0 75 45 50 3 36 52.5 86 22 50 3.47 12.9 76 25 00 8 . 397 41.1 86 02 50 3 48 38.9 77 00 00 3 38 22.9 85 50 30 - 3 39 00.4 85 37 20 ای‎ WEN 3 51 33.0 73 29 40 3 52 340 73 30 10 Polaris تمه - ے‎ | 8:41—31.7 73 26 00 3 54 02.9 73 30 00 3 43 16.0 73 26 30 3 55 40.7 73 30 10 3 44 04.8 73 27 00 3 56 33.2 73 29 50 3 46 š 73 26 00 3 46 42.3 713 26 00 š Index error + 1’ 50”. Barometer 22.82 in. Ther. 289. Index error + 1’ 50". Barometer 23.87 in. Ther. 159.3. CAMP No. 91, (Leroux s spring) —DECEMBER 21, 1853. SEXTANT No. 2. CAMP No. 91—DecemMBER 30, 1853. Aaa aa 4 33 39.9 95 05 10 4 34 23.8 95 23 00 4 35 09.6 95 41 00 Aldabaran ......... 8 3T 07.0 84 05 00 4 35 51.0 95 57 10 3 39 39.5 84 56 10 4 36 32.0 96 13 00 LC, 27 wb £ AD. 55.3 94 03 10 Index error — 13'. Barometer 22.18 in. Ther. 28°. 4 43 08.0 93 37 20 4 44 111 93 12 00 4 45 14.8 92 47 30 T No. 3. 4 46 17.7 92 21 50 SEXTANT No. 3 Fu: Seine 4 0 73 25 00 CAMP Zeches 31, 1555. 4 51 56.2 73 25 40 A. B1. Ma 18. .25 09 لات یی سو‎ 4 10 27.5 87 17 10 4 13 54.0 88 34 00 —1' 50". Barometer 23.02 in. Ther. 299.5. 4 14 51.0 88 56 00 Yes ot 4 16 36.5 89 41 00 CAMP No. 91, (Lerouz's spring) —DEckMBER 28, 1853. a Cygni à d onm “ 31 50 A 4 57 09.7 67 12 10 dabaran سے‎ 3 23 28.3 10 | 4 57 49.5 7 00 in 35 38 28. T3 55 00 | 4 58 52.0 66 48 40 SG 8.89 25.3 78 19 00 4 59 35.5 66 36 00 — 3 40 14.6 73 39 40 1 3 40 5 13 57 00 3 41 49.0 74 16 50 Index error + 1’ 50". Barometer 23.02 in. Ther. 309. 32 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. | APPENDIX A—Continued. A SEXTANT No. 2. CAMP No. 94—JANUARY 3, 1854. CAMP No. 93 一 JANUARY 1, 1854. | Object observed. Time of ob t'n| Observed double | by chronometer. altitude. > Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double | by chronometer. altitude. da 0 P ” t \ : ; a Auri auqa لے ہے‎ 8 : 54 .18.5 88 27 30 h. m. 8. is ç 3 55 38.0 88 56 00 a Aurige Hr. 4 19 03.5 108 24 40 3:56 26.5 89 20 00 4 4 20 20.5 108 51 00 3 57 06.0 $9 28 10 4.21. 05.9 109 05 30 3 58 00.0 89 52 40 4 21 DES 109 20 00 4:223 E 109 38 00 a Cygni AO TE 78 14 00 4 23 36.5 110 02 00 4 08 10.5 78 01 30 4 24 53.5 110 27 50 4 09 04.0 77 42 00 4 10 02.2 TE. 22.40 Pegasi 4:33. 0 107 07 00 4; IL. CÊ 77 04 20 4..83 51.6 106 52 00 4 34 46.4 106.28. 40 | PORES wien 4 18 80.0 73 50 30 £237" ka 105 27 30 4.15 286.5 73 53 00 4 39 13:5 104 51 30 4 TT 56 0 73 51 00 1 E 0ء‎ 4 59 49.5 | 78 22 00 Pau da 5 01 14.6 73 30 00 5 02 04.5 TR SU 00 š pe ed 2 d br Index error — 13'. Barometer, 23.50 in. Ther- ٣ 0 5 06 07.0 M ow wl ما میں‎ Index error — 13’ 30". Barometer, 23. 02 in. Ther- CAMP No. 94—Jaxvanx 4, 1854. mometer, 300, a Aurige 4 02 57.0 91. 323 10 4 04 05.5 91 59 30 CAMP No. 94—JANUARY 2, 1854. 4 05 23.5 03- 25 40 4 07 28.7 93 10 40 Saturn 3 49 49.9 99 06 20 ` 3 51 10.0 99 40 00 Aldabaran ......... 4 09 26.5 86 11 20 $9 DI^ 58/83 99 59 2 4 10 20.5 86 32 20 H 3- 454 100 38 20 4 10 57.7 86 47 50 3: 55 26:1 101 22 00 3 57 00.1 101 56 30 a Cygni 4 12 50.5 76 26 20 4 15 36.2 T6 10 10 & AUIS ac. ی ات‎ aa 4 00 00.1 87 20 00 4 14 22.0 75 56 40 4 02 31.4 88 IF 30 4. 16 05.0 Th. 57 00 4 15 47.5 75 25 10 a Cygni 4 10 0 76 21 30 4 12 26.1 75 45 30 FO ais sau ano 4 18 23.0 71352 20 4 14 56.0 T4 51 00 4 19 27.0 Ts 9 4:17. 161 74 04 20 4 20 06.2 73 54 10 4 18 26.0 13 41 30 4 21 46.0 73 51 30 4 22 21.0 13: B1 380 FORM Nl ۵ 42.4 73 51 00 4 22 2 73 51 30 4.34 15.0 73 51 00 4 23 46.2 73 50 50 4 86 47.5 13 ۰ 61 20 4 37 42.0 73 61 00 ` 4 38 42.0 73 51 00 Index error 一 13' 30". Barometer, 23. 31 in. Ther- 4 40 46.9 13.49 0 mometer, 290.5, : 4 41 5 78 49 80 4 42 51.2 73 49 30 = 18. 1 73 47 30 08.0 73 47 40 ` - 1 4 53 46.9 73 46 30 CAMP No. 94—JANvARY 6, 1854. | 4 55 36.0 73 45 40 | Gus ho 80 | ett عو‎ 77 49 50 P UT. 00. 1 11.91. 20 Index error — 13’. Barometer, 23.02 in. Thermom- £ 07. 45.0 71.24 40 eter, 309. UP 4 40.1 TÉ 30 ME s - ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX A-—Continued, 33 CAMP No. 94 一 JANUARY 6, 1851— Continued. CAMP No. 97—-Janvary 12, 1854. Object observed. Time of observat'n| Observed double | Object observed. [Time of observat'n | Observ sa ee by chronometer. altitude | by chronometer. | altitu he ٤ B ھی‎ oe É So E S. LC CN Aldabaran ......... 4 13 15,0 86 16 20 PUN. ius reos 5 30 21.1 73 30 00 4 13 54.0 86 32 10 5 31 01.3 73 29 50 4 14 29.0 86 48 20 5 32 11.0 73 29 40 4 15 09.0 87 02 30 5 33 08.9 73 29 40 5 33 39.0 73 29 40 e Auriga 4 16 21.2 92 53 50 5 34 09.0 7 9 30 4 16 54.1 93 03 50 5 34 3 73 29 30 ds dT 28,3 93 30 5 35 25.1 73 29 20 4 18 04.1 93 27 00 a Cygni 5 38 28.2 48 10 00 کت ا‎ E کو‎ 4 22 13.0 T3 47 50 5 39 08.0 47 57 10 4 22 19.1 73 47 50 5 40 56.6 47 22 40 4 23 21.2 73 48 00 5 41 31.7 47 13 00 5 41 47 03 40 Index error — 13’. eter, 230, 2. CAMP No. Barometer, 23. 58 in. Thermom- Polaris 96 一 JANUARY 9, 1854. 85-35 1k Bh. 34 24.3 120 5 57.1 121 b. 39 28.1 121 5 40 04.1 121 6 07 8 73 6 08 45.9 7 6 09 55.0 73 6 15 00.2 111 6 19 44.0 110 6 21 03.2 109 6 22 14.4 109 6.29 00.0 95 6 29 30.0 95 Index error — 13’, 7 Barometer, 24. 87 in. Thermom- eter, 270, CAMP No. 98 一 JANUARY 12, 1854. a ۹ 5 49 49.8 81 07 30 5 50 49.0 81 27 50 b 51 36.6 81 47 20 b 52 22.8 82 06 30 eter Index error — 13’. 219. Barometer, 24. 87 in. Thermom- . 99 一 JANUARY 15, 1854. Index error — 13’. Barometer, 24. 36 in. Thermom- eter, 289,6. CAMP No. 97 一 JANUARY 10, 1854. OE e بر سے‎ dd 8: 15: 41.3 72 12 50 8 16 26. 72 11 20 8 i7 29 2 72 11 00 8- 18 08. 72 10 00 8 22 28.0 72 08 30 8: 23 26.1 72 08 20 8 24 04.0 72 07 30 8:24 50.8 72 06 00 8 25 43.0 72 05 10 a Cygni 5 42 04.6 73 14 50 5 42 37.2 13 14 50 5 43 08.0 73 14 30 5 43 43.9 T3 14 10 5 44 30.2 73 14 0 5 45 41.2 13 14 00 5 17 - 07.0 55 02 10 6:18 01.9 54 50 20 Gq 18 59.0 54 30 00 5 19 43.0 54 16 50 5 20 20.2 54 04 00 5 20 50.1 53 55 20 5.37 46% 76 14 0 5 38 21.4 76 26 20 5 38 59.0 76 42 30 5 39 26.2 76 50 40 5 39 51.8 77 00 00 5 40 18.0 77. 10 20 Index error — 13’. eter, 269. 5. Barometer, 24. 98 in. Thermom- 5m Index error — 13'. eter, 250, Barometer, 25. 04 in. Thermom- 84 i ASTRONOMICAL ODSERVATIONS. | APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 100—Janvary 17, 1854. CAMP No. 103 一 JANUARY 21, 1854— Continued. Object observed. (Time of observat'n| Observed double | Object observed. ^ |Time of observat’ n Observ ۳ double by chronometer. altitude. | by chronometer. | tude. ۱ | | | ہے وھ‎ a d i | Aem s 9. ® E a Cygni 5- 01 25.1 60 31 900 | a Orionis PS 17.1 71 00 00 5 02 02.5 60 16 40 b. 26 21.9 CL 24 40 5 02 48.4 60 02 40 oc 2% 14.9 71 48 10 5 03 23.0 59 52 30 5 28 40.6 72 20 00 5 04 10.0 59 36 30 5 29 35.9 72 42 50 5 04 45.1 59 25 40 5 30 26.0 73 02 00 5 05. 23.7 59 13 20 5 05 54. 59 -01 50 Polaris 5: 38 25.4 72 52 00 5 35 22.4 72 51 50 ا‎ 201000000007 5 08 35.8 64 46 5 36 29.5 72 51 40 [5 49 27.1 65 07 40 5 37 14.9 12. 5180 5 ID 12.0 65 5 37 42.1 72 b1 20 " 5 10 40.0 65 34 10 a IH B0 65 49 20 n 4l 66 03 40 Index error — 13'. Barometer, 24. 99 in. Thermom- 5 12 24.6 66 14 10 eter, 219.5 PURO 0 28 5 15 48.1 7 CAMP No. 104—Janwary 22, 1854, 5 16 0 73 21 00 o ]6 56.9 73 20 50 5 HN 31 73 20 50 | a Cygni 5 17 10.0 55 28 10 ۶ 18 3.0 15 EK | ~ 5 17 54.5 55 19 10 5 18 510 13 20 40 5 18 24.9 55 10 20 l >» 49 13 20 30 5 19 02.1 54 59 00 | 5 19 42.6 73 20 30 5 19 28.5 41 50 | | 5 19 57.5 54 40 50 ۱ H Index error — 13. Barometer, 25.28 in. Thermom- a Orionis 5 24 15.5 70 24 30 I eter, 217. 5. 5 25 28.9 70 54 30 1 5 26 08.5 71 08 40 | 5 26 53.6 IPF | CAMP No. 102 لب‎ ۸1۲۸۲۲ 20, 1854. Kap 212 71 38 0 5 27 48.9 71 49 50 a Cygni 5 15 16.6 56 01 10 ROWS E 5 30 49.9 7251 0 5 15 55. 55 4T 20 b 31 50.8 712-51 10 5 16 23.4 55 38 40 5 32 25.4 72 51 00 5 16 58.0 55 26 40 5. 35 72 51 0 B 1 29.5 55 Et 10 5 33 41.5 72.51 0 5 34 09.6 72 50 50 ab l.l 8 5:19 25.6 68 46 10 5 20 08.1 69 02 50 5 20 34.0 69 14 0 E een? error — 13’. Barometer, 24.53 in. Thermom- 5 21 08.0 69 28 50 eter, 5 21 35.4 69 39 10 PEE uu 78 5 23 43.8 73 00 10 CAMP No. 105—Janvary 23, 1854. 5 24 16.0 13 00 00 5.35 1&7 73 00 00 ^ 5 25 36.0 72 59 50 | Polaris ...........- | ¥ 20 45.9 72 10 50 5 26 03.5 72 59 50 7 21 40.6 72 10 50 Í | 7 28 09.0 72 2 5 -| d 2 1 Index error — 1s. Barometer, 24. 46 in. Thermom- | | 4 "n سی‎ " 10 10 | eter, | d | a Orionis 7 13 52.5 108 49 50 ` d 7 14 22.6 56 30 i CAMP No. 103 一 JANUARY 21, 1854. | 17.14 64:6 109 06 20 i à 7 15 28.4 109 16 10 I 7 16 08.8 09 30 00 i دو ٹکو سی‎ 5 19 6 54 40 00 | 7 16 29.4 109 35 20 5 19 55.0 54 31 20 | 0 32.6 54 19 00 | 5 20 59.9 54 09 30 | Index error— 13, Barometer, 24.4 in. Thermom- 5 21 43.4 53 56 10 | eter, 380, ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. ——-—- 1 CAMP No. 106—Jaxvany 24, 1851. CAMP No. 103 一 JANUARY 23, 1854. | | Es cR NEE Ae Object observed. — |Timeof observat'n| Observed double Object observed. Time of observat' mi Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. A: we & KE i: A. m. 8. 9 * " Polaris 5 35 42.5 73 03 20 a Orionis 5 57 28.9 82 18 10 5-38 70 73 03 20 5 58 7 82 34 40 5 38 38.6 73 03 00 5 58 31.3 82 46 50 5 39 27.2 73 02 40 & 59 13.3 82 58 30 5 39 52.8 73 02 30 5 59 38.5 83 08 10 5 40 30.6 73 02 20 5. 00 11.7 20 20 5 40 53.3 73 02 20 | Polaris 6 02 51.6 73 03 40 a Cygni 5 42 09.9 47 59 00 | 6 03 36.7 73 03 5 42 51.6 47 43 00 6 04 10,2 73 03 30 5 43 29.5 47 33 30 6 04 40.6 73 00 00 43 58.6 47 23 20 6 05 04.0 73 03 00 5 45 25.0 46 55 30 6 05 22.0 73 02 50 6 05 5 73 02 50 a Orionis. b- 48. 34.5 79. 20 10 6 06 03.5 73 02 50 5 49 03.9 19 0 6 06 21.9 73 02 40 5 49 35.1 79 46 10 5 50 03.8 19 55 40 a Andromeda.------ 6 10 04.8 102 07 20 5 50 31.6 80 03 30 6 10 48.5 101 49 6 11 36.9 101 30 10 8 Orionis 5 52 40.4 10 59 10 6 12 15.4 101 15 00 5 53 09.6 71 08 20 6 12 41.0 101 01 50 5 53 31.4 71 16.20 & 13 18,6 100 51 20 & 53 51.06 71 20 40 6 13 48.4 00 00 5 53 41.6 71 34 40 a Andromeda. ...... 6 02 23.0 104 47 50 6 03 31.1 104 23 40 Index error 一 13', Barometer, 25.31 in. Thermom- 6 04 041.6 104 06 10 eter, 40°. 6. 04 43.5 103 52 50 6 05 13.6 103 40 30 ۲ CAMP No. 109 一 JANUARY 30, 1854. Index error — 13'. Barometer, 24. 14 in. Thermom- eter, 399.5. | Polaris 7 40 7 72 2T 30 7 40 44.9 72 27 30 CAMP No. 107 一 JANUARY 27, 1854. T SH 07.0 72 27 20 T 41 29.6 ` 72 27 20 7 41 45.7 10 . a Orionis 6 40 50.2 97 48 50 6 41 26.6 98 00 30 Protyon io. 7< 7 43 58.5 80 21 49 6. 41 53.0 98. 10 50 7 44 21.6 80 50 6- 42 09.9 98 15 30 7 44 47.1 80 40 00 6 42 41.6 98 25 30 7 45 05.8 80 46 30 6 43 98 98 3t 50 1 45 31.9 80 55 19 34.9 98 46 10 T 45 5 81 05 900 | a Andromeda. ...... 6 59 25.6 96 20 10 | Sirius T 4T 54.5 | 37 10 : 7 00 08.9 96 03 50 T 48 25.9 | 62 44 20 7 00 47.1 95 49 00 7 48 57.5 | 62 51 20 ££ 04 15.5 95 37 20 © 49 17.9 62 56 50 4 01 39.6 95 27 40 7 49 45.0 63 40 T. 02 113 95 15 00 1 50 09.5 63 08 10 7 02 51.9 94 57 50 a Arietis T 56 56.0 102 11 40 Polaris Y 05 36.5 72 35 30 7 57 46.7 101 53 50 7. 06 ۵ 72 34 00 7 58 28.1 101 40 30 7 06 42.5 72 34 00 7 59 02.4 101 26 30 7 07 06.2 72 33 20 7 59 30.2 101 15 10 % 07 36.1 72 33 20 8 00 06.6 101 00 00 Index error 一 13 Barometer, 25.37 in. Thermom- i سرت‎ 一 13 Barometer, 25. 13 in. Thermom- D ' 2 eter, 30°. 5. eter, 36 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 110—Janvarí 31, 1851. CAMP No. 111—Feprvary 1, 1854—Continued. H Object observed. ITime of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. Time of observat’n| Observed double | y chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. itude. H E" we £ o š v A e o d ud a Andromedz .....- 7 30 23.6 70 12 10 | a Arietis 8 3T 53.8 85 55 20 7 30 53.6 70 00 20 8 38 51.5 85 34 00 7 ai 25.8 69 46 00 8 39 34.7 85 12 30 7 31 59.5 69 33 30 8 41 10.8 84 40 20 T 38 356 69 21 10 8 41 48.4 84 17 30 7 33 04.5 69 07 40 8 42 31.6 84 06 20 T 3 41.5 68 54 30 , ۶۰ "EE 8 46 07.9 72 59 40 JO. ¿rios i T 35 26.6 72 32 80 | 8 47 45.5 73 19 30 7 36 40.5 DE E. 8 48 15.4 73 15 30 t sf 23.0 - 0 8 49 27.6 73 20 00 T 38 02.3 n s m 8 49 48.5 73 26 30 7 38 30.8 72-33 00 8 50 40.8 73 33 00 7 38 51.5 72 32 00 T 39 10.1 72 31 50 را‎ a TES E Së 01.7 111 12 50 S. SS 8 110 59 30 ور‎ A 7 40 44.5 -78 53 20 8 54 318 110 39 20 7 41 13.8 79 04 10 8 54 57.5 110 29 00 7 41 41.9 79 14 30 8 55 25.3 110 18 10 7 42 05.6 79 23 20 8 55 54.5 110 07 20 7 42 29.6 79 88 3 7 43 08.5 79 47 10 + Index error 一 13’. Barometer, 26.34 in. Thermom- Sir us id 58.9 61 46 20 eter, 430, 7 45 29.9 61 53 10 7 45 58.4 61 59 30 T 46 135 62 05 40 E 54.1 62 12 40 f ar 19.1 62 17 40 7 47 46.5 62 23-20 PA s. T A8 100 59 30 7 51 58.8 100 45 10 CAMP No. 111—FEBRUARY 2, 1854. TM 5 100 33 40 7 5 49.1 100 25 20 7 53 17.8 100 13 10 | Procyon ..-.------- 8 09 46.1 89 15 00 95.4 99 55 00 8 11 10.0 89 44 50 8 11 40.8 89 55 30 8 12 04.6 90 02 20 Index error — 12'. Barometer, 24. 92 in. Thermom- 8 19 32.1 90 13 10 ter, 490. 5. رق‎ o 8 1 29.6 93 13 0 8 15 08.6 93 15 00 8 15 48.5 93 15 d š 14 CAMP No. 111—Fesrvary 1, 1854. ` 5 pd > 14 20 pee TUNG 12. coe ZE "DI 71 54 20 “Protyon ال تب‎ 8 23 33.5 94 00 10 8 21 5 71 53 50 — $9 2* 05.2 94 10 20 E 7) 6 71 53 30 X I E oe A 94 16 40 8 22 48.8 71.53 20 . 8 24 50.5 94 25 40 8 23 15.7 71 53 00 8 25 25.5 94 38 10 8 23 34.8 71 52 40 8 25 49.4 94 45 40 8 23 65.7 71 52 10 8 26 5 94 56 40 3 . a Arietis 8 2 9 90 15 40 Polaris 8 29 20.3 1 48 10 8 28 12.5 90 00 8 30 22.6 71 47 30 8 28 30.8 89 45 10 8 3l 04.2 71 47 00 8 29 38.4 89 23 40 8 St 3L5 71 47 00 8 30 07.5 89 13 00 8 31 59.5 71 46 10 U 8 32 6و‎ 71 46 00 : 9۳:59 TET یں‎ 20 Index error —13'. Barometer, 26.4 in. Thermome- 8 33 50.8 71-45 00 ter, 419. —— E 1 i ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. 97 CAMP No. 112— FEBRUARY 4, 1854. | | CAMP No. 113—FEBRUARY 6, 1854— Continued. Object observed. ime of observat'1 by chronometer. Observed double altitude. T Object observed. chronometer. | 0 Time of observat' n — - 0 | by alti B Orionis a Arietis | kg & a Leonis ( 9 57 58.9 | 9 58 42.6 | | 9 59 10.6 | | 9 59 37.2 | 10 00 04.5 | | Eet, SR ode cose | 10 02 07.9 | | 10 04 15.7 | 10 05 28.9 | | 10 06 09.8 | 10 06 37.6 10 07 5 BAR سا‎ cosa ies l0 09 47.9 10 10 39.5 10 11 14.6 18. 11 6 10 12 00.5 eter 5 CAMP No. 116—FEBRUARYr 8, 1854. Sirius Index error — 13'. eter, 40°. 5. Barometer, 27. 14in. Thermom- CAMP No，113 一 FrzpRUARY 6, 1854. «9 iD ے‎ iD ے‎ Qo ۵ <Ç cO فا ت هه‎ (o ep ف هه‎ cO cO ے‎ co cB tO جم‎ 7 9 38 35.5 9 40 42.5 9 48 340 9 54 1 | 9 55 27.2 | 9 56 145 Index error — 13'. Ti 11 78 11 77 TT T error — 13. Barometer 27,82 in. Thermom- 0.2. Barometer, 27.82 in. Thermom- eter, 529.2. CAMP No. 117—Fesrvary 9, 1854. quer] Biriug هس ہے‎ qu Sas | 9 46 10.0 78 9 46 42.6 78 9 47 14.6 78 9 47 .5 78 9 48 19.5 78 | 9 48 59.5 78 | 9 4 45.4 78 | 9 50 40.2 78 | POEM Lco rrr RA 10 06 33.0 69 10 GB 15 69 10 08 58.5 69 10 09 46. 69 10 10 14.5 69 Index error — 13’. eter 44° Barometer, 23.43 in. Thermom- 38 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX > ۸-00۰. CAMP No. 121—Fesrvary 13, 1854. ۱ CAMP No. 126 一 FEBRUARY 19, 1854. Object observed. Time of observat’n, Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double by chronometer. altitude. | by chronometer. altitude. š Ay s ` g. o DEN h. s d d EE E 8 6 51.2 69 46 50 Procyon 8 03 33.5 86 04 30 8 58 32.6 69 46 20 8 04 41.7 6 29 50 8 58 53.5 69 45 50 8 06 10.6 86 40 10 - 8: 59 19.5 69 45 30 8 05 36.6 86 49 00 8 59 38.4 69 45 20 8 06 00.4 86 58 20 9 00. 6 69 45 00 Bolo - 0۳0 8 08 20.2 0 23 50 8 09 16.1 70 23 40 Index error 一 13'. Barometer, 28. 97 in. Thermom- 8 09 42.9 70 23 40 , eter 592.5. B Orionis 8 le 38.9 94 49 20 $ 18 ICT 94 50 00 8: IS 31.6 94 50 30 A CAMP No. 122—FrsnvAnx 15, 1854. 8 14 05.5 94 50 50 Í "EK 14 95-1 94 51 30 A ET EE 9 53 345 68 57 40 Š ei zl + po. ۴ d 9 bt 46.0 8۶ 8۶ 0 8 17 045 94 54 00 9. 55. 12.5 68 55 40 8 17 36.9 94 54 50 9 55 33.9 68 55 00 8 18 08.4 94 55 30 8 18 42.9 94 55 30 8 19 30.0 94 55 50 Index error — 13”. Barometer, 29. 16 in. Thermom- ھ‎ 20 02.1 94 55 50 eter, 419. 7. 8 21 08.0 94 55 20 B 22 56.5 94 54 40 8 25 15.9 94 53 30 CAMP No. 125— FEBRUARY 18, 1854. detis 8 28 54.5 91 44 50 8 29 38.6 91.33 10 Procyon | 8 08 43.9 88 12 20 > 3 8 09 42.6 88 33 50 1 8 10 07.0 88 42 40 - 8 10 28.9 88 50 40 Index error 一 13 Barometer 29. 66 in. Thermome- ter 450,5 | 8 Orionis. |- AS IS 10.6 94 56 20 . e | 8 13 555 94 56 30 CAMP No. 127, (Rio Colorado) —FEBRUARY 20, 1854. | $ 14 26.6 94 56 40 | : I ‘| 8 M 55.5 94 56 50 o AA 8 23 36.5 | 92 54 20 i B 16 13,8 94 59 10 8 24 04.6 93 04 20 1 H 8 .6 94 59 10 8 24 32.7 93 1 Í 8. 19. 26.5 94 59 00 8 24 58.8 93 22 40 d 8 21 46.0 94 58 40 8 25 19.6 93 30 40 ; 8 24 09.6 94 58 8 25 39.4 93 37 40 f 02 a Arietis E mW 9 92 32 40 i ION. Lill B 28 56.9 70 05 00 8 28 08.1 92 29 00 | : & 29 25.0 70 04 50 8 28 40.5 92 12 40 i 8 29 48.0 70 04 40 8 29 25.9 91 54 30 [ 8 30 06.5 70 04 30 8 29 47.6 91 45 10 | 8 30 24.6 70 04 20 8 30 08.5 91 36 20 : z U Polaris 8 32 21.9 70 17 00- | e Ariel EM 4 6 90 11 0 8 32 8 70 16 | ©. M 155 89 47 50 8: 33 09.3 70. 16 50 | e 8 34 22.8 89 20 00 8 33 9 70 16 40 ۱ 8 34 40.3 89 11 00 8 34 08 70 16 10 I 8 35 2 89 03 20 8 34 33.0 70 16 00 | 8 34 52.6 70 15 49 i ` Index error — 13’. Barometer 29. 63 in. Thermome- | Index error 一 13'. Barometer 29.78 in. Thermome- ter 429.5, ter 490.5. ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, 39 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 128, (Rio Colorado) —FeBRUARY 21, 1854. CAMP No. 131, (Rio Colorado) —FkesnvAny 24, 1854. | Object observed. lime of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. Time of ۵ € Mw» š by chronometer. altitude. by سی ہکس‎ | alti | 0 | A. Me € o E adl m £ o ۳ E Polaris 10 00 38.5 69 15 30 UP PU A ee 9 44 58.5 74 50 10 10 01 13.6 69 15 10 9 46 13.1 75 19 10 01 37.1 69 15 00 9 47 03.6 75 4l 10 10 01 58.0 69 14 40 9 47 46.6 75 57 20 10 02 28.4 69 14 10 9 48 31.5 76 15 20 10 02 46.5 69 14 00 Saturn 9 50 01.9 93 35 40 Saturn 10 06 24.5 86 18 30 9 51 01.8 93 12 10 07 09.9 86 04 00 9 52 42.4 92 54 5) 10 07 41.5 85 50 20 9 52 29.4 92 36 00 10 08 07.9 85 40 40 9 53 07.0 92 21 10 x 10 08 52.5 85 21 50 19 09 17.1 85 12 00 MANN ۳۴ 9 55 37.5 | 69 48 20 10 09 41.0 85 03 20 9 56 30.8 69 47 40 9 57 09.5 69 47 20 Mars 10 14 23.6 66 00 10 9 58 03.0 69 46 50 10 14 56.0 66 15 00 9 58 40.9 69 46 30 10 15 15.9 66 23 20 10 15 53.9 66 38 40 10 16 16.5 66 48 00 Index error + 1'50”. Barometer 29.74 in. Thermome- 0 Leonis 10 11 15.9 86 24 30 سیگ و‎ 10 11 485 86 38 00 10 12 17.4 | 86 48 50 CAMP No. 132—Feprvary 25, 1854. | 10 12 43.8 87 '00 | 10 13 16.5 87 12 10 | Breegen, ue 8 39 43.5 96 51 10 | 8 40 51.9 97 13 50 ۱ Index error — 13'. Barometer 29.78 in. Ther- 8 41 36.0 97 27 20 | mometer 490.5. 8 42 34.8 97 46 50 | 8 43 09.5 97 58 20 a Adet 8 46 20.5 85 38 10 SEXTANT No. 3. 8 4T 06.4 85 20 00 CAMP No. 130, (Rio Colorado) —Fepruary 23, 1854. LIU o. BER I : 8 48 33.6 84 | B Orionis........... 8 21 59.0 93 02 20 ا‎ =a 8 50 10.5 70 39 50 | 8 25 48.8 93 01 30 8 51 6 70 39 20 f 8 51 443 | 70 39 00 ۱ 8 52 20.5 70 38 10- Told 220s ا سے‎ e s 70 35 30 8 52 51.5 70 38 00 8 32 9 10 33 00 8 34 07.1 70 32 00 8 34 38.8 TON Index error + 1'50". Barometer, 29.63 in. Ther- mometer, 549.3. وت‎ 87: 8 38 1 96 46 E 8 39 08.5 97 04 10 | 8 4t 291 97 50 10 CAMP No. 133—FEBRUARY 26, 1854. EC 8 42 51.8 98 7 2 4 10.0 98 41 5 | L2 | a Leonis 10 38 04.5 95 21 20 | ۱ 10 38 47.8 37 20 i a Arietis 8 46 33.5 85 15 50 10 39 30.2 95 52 30 E 8-41 48.5 84 45 10 | 10 39 57.6 96 03 10 i 8 48 51.6 84 20 00 | 10 40 23.3 96 13 10 É 8. 49 7 84 00 | 1 8 50 07.9 83 48 40 | Mars 10 42 54.8 79 56 30 1 | 10 43 39.5 80 14 20 SS 10 44 10.8 80 27 E 10 44 46.8 S pa 2 Index error + 1 50". Barometer 29.55 in. Ther- | ñ Ë وت‎ 80 57 thometer 589.5. m : 40 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 133—Fesrvary 26, 1854 —Continued. | CAMP No. 136—Mancu 2, 1854—Continued. Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double Object observed. Time of observ'n | Observed double by Ne. altitude. | by chronometer. altitude. | hu. A a ME M2 d 0 TA Saturn. 10 47 45.9 | 70 39 20 | a Arietis 9 56ء‎ 87 08 0 10 48 15.9 70 27 30 9 10 4 86 49 10 10 48 44.5 410 15. 59 9 112. 04.6 85 37 50 10 49 14,9 70 03 20 8 +656 86 28 20 10 49 43.5 69 51 30 9 11 48.4 86 20 10 9..12. 14. 1 86 10 00 a Tauri 10%: 5b 02.0 89 05 40 10 51 44.1 88 49 10 SI... 7 9. 14.. 45.5 70 54 0 10 52 33.8 88 29 20 9- 156 7 70 54 10 iG 53. 03.5 88 16 50 9 15 52.6 70 54 00 10.53 41.8 88 01 40 9 16 20.8 40 53 50 9.. 16- 46. 1 70 53 30 Pele TE 10 54 58.0 69 15.19 10. 55 29.9 69 14 50 10° 55 59.1 69 14 40 Index error t 1’ 50". Barometer, 27.89 in. Ther- 10. 56 20.2 69 14 30 mometer, 44°. 10 56 40.9 69 14 20 x error + Il’ 50”, Barometer, 29.67 in. Ther- CAMP No. 137—Marcn 3, 1854. mometer, 729. 7. | ee m. 7 8 57 49.5 TL TE. AN CAMP No. 135—Marcu 1, 1854. 8 58 25.1 71 17 20 8 58 56.9 71 1۳ 00 8 59 23.8 71 16 30 Procy 8 59 56.8 TE 186 30 re er s S مه کا‎ = E 9 00 07.2 71 15 50 e ک0 ج‎ 6 HE * 9 06 27.6 | 78 45 20 8 48 26.0 99 07 10 9 06. 59.5 48. 82 D 8 48 55.7 99 16 20 9 07 35.6 78 18 00 9 08. 14.5 78 01 E EE دا‎ u 8 9 08 38.4 77 52 8 ep s 7 e ei er 9 09 06.8 77 40 00 8۰ BE RER 83 55 50 8:90 27.5 71 $L 320 8-5 rd i HII GST 9 12 28.5 | 60 08 30 8 55 05.6 82 38 00 97 18 20.6 60 29 20 8- 55 33.5 82 26 10 p 9- 13 49,9 60 41 10 Pot i l... Qu سان‎ 8 5T 33.5 70 48 20 9.14 18 60 51 20 8:59 114 70 48 10 9 14 35.5 61 00 00 8.58 43.4 70 47 30 9 Hx 08,1 61 11 10 i 20 8 59 05.5 70 47 10 9 15 22.5 @ ۶ 8 59 234 70 47 8 59 40.0 70 46 50 8 59 55.6 70 46 30 Index error + U 50". Barometer 27.21 in. Ther- 9 00 19.9 70 46 10 | mometer 44°.6. Index error + Y 50". B ter, 29.96 in. Ther- CAMP No. 140—Maren 6, 1854. mometer, 419.7. | .کے‎ PAN 9 22 355 71 2 ` CAMP No. 136—Manon 2, 1854. کا جا‎ IA X 9 28 54.0 71 09 c Sap. 24 16.8 21.01 8 Procyon ........... 9 03 29.0 103 05 00 , 9 04 24.6 103 20 20 a Le suu | 9 26 04.5 64 24 9 04 55.5 103 30 9 26 345 64 37 10 9 05 7 03 35 50 3 X 1L4 64 52 00 > ملسو‎ E 0 40 9 27 6 65 01 10 9 06 07.5 103 51 10 9 27 53.4 65 09 40 | | | ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 41 APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 140—Marcu 6, 1854— Continued. CAMP No. 145—Marcn 12, 1854-0054563 Object observed. |Time of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. Time of observat'n| Observed mg by chronomtter. altitude. by chronometer. altitud h. m. ت8‎ E A SR EE « Arietis. 9 30 57.1 70 01 00 | Aurige...........- 12 52 41,4 81 54 40 coy 9-31. 53.0 69 46 50 13 53 20.5 81 41 20 و“‎ 09.1 69 37 20 12 53 49.4 89 10 9 32 16.5 69 27 10 12 54: 22.5 81 20 00 9 233. 35,9 69.21 20 12- b5- 85.6 80 55 00 9 34 05.8 68 44 40 12 56 26.5 80 36 30 12 57 04.7 80 24 30 Avotdrus oed 12- 69 ^ 15. 1 55 29 40 Index error 十 1 50". Barometer, 26 in. Thermom- 12 59 53.5 55 45 20 eter, 350, 5. 13 00 22.1 55 57 50 13 00 46.3 56 07 30 13 01 15.4 56 19 10 CAMP No. 142—Marcn 8, 1854. وه‎ E 50". Barometer 28. l5in. Thermom- eter ا‎ LISS 9 20 58.5 71. 02. 20 9 21 9 71 01 50 CAMP No. 146 一 MARCH 13, 1854. 9 21 50.4 CL 01 20 š 9 22 07.4 71 ot 00 jr 9 22 27.1 TA 00.900 Polaris ......-.-««- 11 46 28.4 68 51 30 9 22 50.2 71 00 10 11 47 5 68 51 20 11.41 29,1 68 51 00 uwLeóhis 22.......5. 9-25 24.8 63 17 50 11 47 56.3 68 50 40 : 9 26 01.2 ۳ E T 11 48 17.7 68 50 20 9 26 33.4 63 41 30 e 2 0 ST S8 70 E. پم 2 کے‎ 11 50 31.0 69 59 50 -9 27 37.9 64 11 40 11 51 38,0 69 32 10 9 28 18.8 64 28 50 ti- 62 .4 69 19 10 11 52 39.8 69 07 20 u Arletis 9 30 80.1 70 54 50 Ii Sa 051 68 56 30 9 31 22.5 70 42 20 9 31 42.5 TO 34 00 | Mars 11 55 13.5 113 09 40 9 32 25.0 70 16 50 11 56 42.8 113 41 40 9 32 56.0 70 0% 00 11 57 11.9 113 54 30 11. 57. 52.4 114 06 20 11. 58 20.3 114 15 30 Index error + 1'50". Barometer, 28.88 in. Ther- mometer, ۰ Index error + 1’ St Barometer 27. 72 in. Thermom- eter 602 CAMP No. 143—Mancn 9, 1854. CAMP No. 147—Marcn 14, 1854. Polaris 11 30 53.5 69 18 50 Polins ہی‎ ao .. 12 18 59.9 68 15 10 IL SPI CETT 69 18 20 12 19 35.5 68 15 00 11 31 35.0 69 18 10 12 19 53.0 68 14 50 11-82- 01.0 69 18 00 13—39 10.9 68 14 30 231-8236. 69 17 50 12 20 28.5 68 14 20 1 32 37.4 69 17 40 ; Aldebaran. i....... | 12 27 24.6 55 30 00 ۲ | 12 27 .8 55 0 ۶ مب‎ | 12 28 9 55 13-30 Index error F یں کی‎ | 12 28 24.6 55 08 20 | 12 28 43.8 | 64 57 20 | | Arcturus |. 12. 30 ELY | 42 25 40 CAMP No. 145—Mancn 12, 1854. | 12 30 4L7 42 38 00 12 31. 08.1 42 48 12 31 00.6 43 05 10 Tu o ONES 12 48 24.5 68 13 20 12 32 11.0 43 13 10 12 48 55.4 68 13 00 19-497 8 68 12 5 12 49 38.1 68 12 30 Index error + 1'50”. Barometer, 27. 45 in. Thermom- 12 49 * 68 12 10 eter 469.5. 42 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX A—Continued. CAMP No. 148— Manon 15, 1854. CAMP No. 152—Mancn 21, 1854. Object observed. [Time of observat'n| Observed double Object observed. ` |Time of observat'n| Observed double by chronometer. altitude. by chronometer. altitude. D X 0 CHE me 5 o کس یت‎ Mars 11۰ 09. 46 96 33 40 Mars 11- 27 54.4 106۰ 1T 0 11. 09 50.9 96 48 20 11-30 23.0 106 13 10 il TO 54,1 97 12 50 11- 3۶ 42.0 106 44 00 il. 11.۰ 20.0 97 22 30 11 11 45.3 97 33 50 a Orionis li- 2 0 94 41 10 11 48 43.8 94 26 00 Aldebarano. --...3.4 Me 18. 58.0 85 51 00 11 49 32.5 94 08 30 Il 16 SEQ 85 38 20 fl 50 181 93 54 50 Te 15. 03.6 85 25 00 II 50 45.1 93 43 00 Ile 15. 29.0 85 11 50 11 16 00.6 85 01 30 TOBA Ica 11 56 05.6 67 10 10 11 59 50.9 67 07 20 Poll E a 1l. TT. 04.5 68 22 40 12. 01. 07.6 67 06 00 11 18 24.0 68 22 20 12 02 39.0 67 05 00 II 315 85.9 68 22 00 12 04 06.1 67 03 50 E 10.6 68 21 50 i in E pa en 2 Index error + 1'50". Barometer 29.7 in. Ther- mometer 499.5. Index error + l' 50". Barometer 27.11 in. Ther- ——— I mometer 389.8. Polaris 24.5 67 39 30 Ek YE 14.8 67 89 20 11 18 04.0 67 38 40 11-18 26.0 67 38 20 11 18 42.0 61 37 30 CAMP No. 150—Marcn 19, 1854. it- 19 01.2 67 37 6 Mars 11 19 .56.0 102 34 10 pr IA a 10 52.1 68 03 00 11.29 30.8 - 102 47 50 | 10-51 341 68 02 40 11.20 05.0 102 657 10 10 51. 51.8 68 02 20 1121 151 103 03 50 10 52 12.0 68 02 10 11 21 440 103 16 10 10 52 30.2 68 01 50 11. 22 315.8 103 31 00 Mars 10 55 28.1 92 43 40 Aldebaran ویےو و کے‎ Hr -88— 27.0 69 57 10 | 10 56 36.4 93 11 50 11 40 17.0 69 10 40 1-10 . 57. 315 93 28 20 11 41 00.0 68 53 50 | 10 58 209.1 93 49 30 11 41 3532 68 43 0 | 10 58 6 93 58 20 11 42 08.0 68 26 30 a Tauri | ll 01. 36.5 91 39 40 Saturn 21 34 90 62 58 0 | 11 03 18,1 90 58 30 11 35 06.0 62 34 40 11 03 49.4 90 44 20 11-35 36.5 62 22 50 | 11 04 10.9 90 36 50 35 59.9 62 14 00 11.05 54. 89 56 00 11% 34.05. 8 61 46 30 | Index error + 1 50". Barometer 28.8 in. Ther- Index error + 1’ 50". Barometer 29.74 in. Ther- mometer 479. . eter 510.5. APPENDIX B. ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH TRANSIT. CAMP 59—ALBUQUERQUE, N. M., (left bank of Rio del Norte) 一 LATITUDE 35° 5' 50".8 N. * Reading of level. Times of transit over the wires. K Date. | Name of object. E | x end east. | X end west. 9 8 1 11 THE IV v. YE + VII = E W. E W. 1858. $ 8. 8. À. m e 8 8 $ ۹ | 100. 5| 97.5) 111. 0 100. 5 TE MI Dem LIENS wi 99.0 101.0 113.0 102.0 Y. Coll (a)... eee 17.5 5.9 | 52.1 119-1062 f 27. 8 | 46.5. 1.....- E. | 105. 0 102. 0| 117. 0 2.0 &--Pioum 728 54. 5.| 12.9 | 29.1 1 55 47.1 3.8 | 22.6 | 39.6 | E. 64 Ceti - A 9 9 ss 39. 6 2 14.6 | 33.4 | 50.6 | E. Moon KE a, 44. 6 3.5 | 20.1 2 34 39.0 | 56.8 | 16.1 | 33.7 | E. | 128.0| 99. 0۱ 130. 0| 89.0 B A O 8552222 2954 | 47.9 بے تا‎ 2 38 22:9 7 58.5 | 16. 1 | E. $ یر‎ id 0109587710 7 | 2439081 4.6 a 24.4 | E. Ceti 4.6 | 22.9 |38.9 | 2 55 57.2 | 13.7 | 32.5 | 49.5 | E. 060 PONE. 0 6. 9 4.6 | 58.9 3 15 27.1 | 53.0.1 2L 6 | 27.5 | EK. 18 Polaris 1 8 158 W. | 114.0| 109. 0| 104. 0| 119.0 0 Ceti 1 18 11.8 | 30.4 | 46.5 | 4.9 | W. | 105.0| 108. 0| 100. 0 113.0 a Piscium 22.8 | 41.6 155 58.1 | 16.5 | 32.5 | 50.4 | ۰ a Arietis 2 00 46.0| 2.9 | 22.8 | W. r Ceti 51.91. هه‎ 21. 6 2 6 44.5 2.6 | 19.0 | 37.5 | W. | 114. 0| 106. 5| 108. 0 112. 0 y Ceti SEI. ; 2 37 W. we Arot IIIS 43. 1 0.9 | 20.6 EECH Ot. EC TIES ¡Wo a Ceti 15.4 | 32.5 | 51.4 2 56 07.9 | 26.5 | 42.6 0.4 | W. | 119. 0| 105. 0| 113. 0| 112. 0 a ei 30. 6 0.0 815 25.5 | 53.5 | 17.8 | 46.6 | W: D 4th mag. (b) 50.9 | 10.0 818 26.9 | AL 1.5 L — W. 9 4th mag. (c)----| 51.7 | 8.9 | 27.6 | 3 20 45.0 W. Moon I EE s 1 TTL5S5STESES 3 22 48.9 8.6 | 25.5 | 44.6 | ۰ © 5th mag. (d).--| 45.0 | 3.1 | 241 | 3 37 42.4 W. n uri 21.5 | 39.5 | 59.6 | 3 40 18.1 | 38.5 | 55.7 | 15.6 | W. 32 Tauri 47.9 6.5 | 26.4 | 3 49 .11 21.5 | 41.0 W. | 122.0 106. 0۱ 131. 0 95.5 Saturn 25.6| 3 57 480 ] 2.6 W. Date. Observer. Sid. chron'r. Remarks. ~ October 17 Whipple BEE No. 2415 (a) After observing this star, the instrument was changed in 1 تما می سے وا ہے‎ 2475 azimuth. (b) Near path of po (c) 7° south of m (d) Near path of moon. 44 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, APPENDIX B—Continued. CAMP No. 59—ALBUQUERQUE, N. M., (left bank of Rio del Norte)—LATITUDE 35° 5’ 50".8. e Reading of level. E Times of transit over the wires. 5 | Date. Name of olject. E X end east. | X end west. = | 8 I mim IV V. | VE در‎ S ھا ا‎ in 1853. 8; * 8 Emi & š. & s Oct. 19 B. A.C. 815....| 36,5. | 53.5 | 12.4. | 2 38 29.5 | 47.9 | 3.8 | 22 3 EW = 108.0| 125. 0| 125. 0| 110.0 | E Eius. 242 36.0|55.5 | 11.6 | 30.8 | W j a Ceti 12.6 | 29.4 | 47.9 | 2 56 04.8 | 22.6 | 39.6 | 57.5 i a Persei 7.1|32.9 | 1.8| 3 15 27.5 | 55.5 | 19.9 | 47.6 2 » Tauri 19,9 | 38.3 | 58.5 | 3 40 16.9 | 37.0 | 54.1 | 13.7 | W. | I y Eridani 44.1} 1.3|20.2| 8 52 37.5 | 56.5 | 12.9 | 31.8 | W. | 110. 0 126. 0| 130. 0 105.0 3 Moon 9ءء‎ 24.9 ۱ 43.6 ۱ 3.9, 4 12 22.4 | 42.6 | 59.6 | 19.5 | W. í €. Tanth وس مد‎ 54.0 | 10.6|29.7| 4 21 47.1 | 6 2.6 | 41.4 | W. j ۶ Gell nn E 5.5 | 22.9 | 42.6 | 4 29 9.6 | 35.9 | 54.6 | ۰ | 21| a Aurige 10.1 | 34.4] 1.5| 5 7 28.9 | 51.8 | 14.6 | 40.5 | W. | 110.0| 130. 0| 113. 0| 130.0 I oo Wit el. 7٤ 269. 449 | 8.1 1 5% 99: 9 1 492:6. 19.6 | W. | 135. 0| 112. 0, 100. 0| 0 و‎ Orionis 5 25 Lie ات‎ ee Q 50.5 | V s ' P TOMA 77 27.5 |46.0| 6.0| B 3023.5 |43.5 | 0.5 | 19. 8 | W ` a. Columbe ...... 39.1 | 59.5 | 21.9 | 5 385 42.5 |: 4.6. | 23-6-| 45.5 | W. a Orionis ........ 50.1| 6.9|25.9 | 5 48 42.6 | 1.4 | 17.4 | 35.6 | W. | 98.0 105.0 116.0) 98.0 Moon II ....... 50.6 | 9.9 30.9 | 5 56 49.9 | 10.5 | 28.8 | 49.0 | W. | و‎ Geminorum....| 36.5 | 54.5 | 14.9 | 6 7 33.1|52.8 | 10.0 | 30. 1 | W. | i p Geminorum....| 40.5 | 58.5 | 18.5 | 6 15 36.9 | 56.5 | 13.9 | 33.5 | W. | 23 oe Canis Majoris 6 40 10.0 24.0 6.0} 81.0] 10.0 ç Geminorum 12.5 | 30.6 : 50.5 6 57 Bb | 27.6 | 45.2 | 4.6 | ۰ ¿ Geminorum 9.6 |.28. 1. | 48.2 7-136051 26.1] 43.5 2.6 | W. 1 a2 Gemi Like LA | 2۵9 4851 7 91: 98 1245.9 48.9 |. 4. 1 | W. a” Scams reegen, 11. 2: 4026 -+:59.5 | T 39-10 34.5 | 51.0 |. 8.6 |W. 8 7.6 |26.9 | 48.5 | 7 38 7.9 | 28.1 | 46.1 | 6.6 | W. 2.6 | 21.9.|-42.5 746 1.9 | 21.9 | 40.0 1.0 FW: CAMP No. 63, (Rio Rita)—LATITUDE 35° 01 09”. 9 Nov. 12| y Cephei | T4181... 32.6 | 52.5 | W = a weak aim 49.9 | 9.1 | 29.7 | 2 35 48.7 | 9.0|26.5 | 41.1] W y Pegasi 49.1| 7.1 | 26.6 | 2 40 44.1 | 2.5 | 18.7 | 36.6 | W. | 140. 0| 113. 0| 132. ` 129.0 Ç ` CHEESES | 55.1| 2871 3 7 25|335| 9:1 | 4 | W | Bc 3 11 21.9 | 41.2 | 58.5 ۱ 17.2 | W مایا‎ à Piscium 14.6 | 32:1 | 580.58 | 316 8.1|26.3|42.6| 0.6 |W |; مات‎ 20 Ceti 43.6 | 59. 0d 19.6 | 3 25 36.5 | 54.5 | 10.0 | 28.1 W m Num $5502.29 45.8 | 4:2۱ 28.0] 4 3 40.2|58.1| 14 8 ۱.33.2 | W eegen Piscium ......- 48.9 | 6.5 | 26.0 |, 4 12 42.1 | 0.3| 6.5 | 35.4 | W | : CAMP No. 64, (Covêra)— LATITUDE 35° 05’ 22" Nov. m 4 Gen d | 58. 1 | 11:5 | 3 52.35.5| 52.6 | 8.5 | 27.1 | ۰ | 133. 0| 105. 0| 105. 0| 0 EWE 9.8 | 29.5 | 4 34 48.5 | 8.1 | 24.6 | 44.9 | W. | 136.0| 104. 0| 117. 0| 123.0 ‘ o Ceti... 225.3 | 42.6 | 1... |. 4 56 15.7 | 35.5 | 51.6 | 8.1 w. | | pe E 4l i i Date. Observer: > Sid. chron'r. Remarks. October 19 No. 2475 || (a) Instrument set on this star. : i SECH 21 .. 2415 ۱ m 23 | Ives. cimil "- 2475 November 12 | Ives jp m ME 14 | Ives E ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, ۱ 45 APPENDIX B—Continued, CAMP No. 64, (Covira)—LarrrvpE 35° 05’ 22”. 1—Continued. ۱ | = Reading of level. g Times of transit over the wires. = Date. Name of object. i 8 X end east. | X end west. = d d II III IV. V. VI VII E E. W. E. W. 一 1853. 8. $: 8 h. m. s. 8. D š. Nov. 14 B.A. 0. 845... l رس وی‎ 15.371 SY. 5612 5,6] 15.5 | 80.3 | 48.2 | W. a Ceti 38.1 1.55.0 1.19.5 5 30 30.5 | 48.5 4.6|22.6 | W. nI 17.9 | 38. 5 Š Si 55:84 15.1 | 31.6 | 51.2 ۰ Moon 1t oz 7.0 | 28.6 | 45.5 | 5 40 3.1 | 22.5 | 38.8 | 58.1 | W. a PON a Sse. 28.1 1.52.5 | 20. 5 49 46.1 | 14.4 | 38.8 5.8 | W. | | | | 3 CAMP No. 65 一 LATITUDE 359 04' 59”. 6. | Nov. 15 Polaris | 8-43 12.0 | W. | 135.0| 124. 0| 124. ñ 135. 0 @ Ceti | 9.1-1-56.1 ] 14.7 3 53 32,9. 50.5 7.11 24.6 ew. * 8 Urse Minoris 5 21 50.0 ۳ MW. a Ceti 531 43.9 یی‎ 16.8 | W. | 130. 0 140. 0| 142. 0| 132. 0 ó Arietis 30.4 | 49.5 540 7.6 + 26.9 | 43.9 2.5.| W. a Persei 2224.44.41 2246.9 5 50 42.2 | 10.1.|:33.9 1.1.W. a abd 41.9 6.1 1-26. 5 6 27 44.9 4.5.1 23.5 | 40.5 | W. Moon IL s 56.9 |.15.5 | 36.6 6 29 54.5 | 14.5 |.31.6 | 51.1 | W. | $e Tatik و ہس ہے‎ 206.1 | 43.9 2.9 6 48 20.0 | 39.1 | 55.5 | 14. 1 " | I ہہ‎ ees 27.0 | 44.7 | 49| 6 51 22.5 | 41.1] 57.7 | 16.9 "A | | CAMP No. 82—LarrrupE 359 02’ 55". 5. Dec 9 | a Andromedm... |47.5 1... 2: a 38.1 2 50 57.9 | 17.6 | 35.8 | 46.4 | ۰ | | | a Cassioper | 3 22 53.5 | 20.8 | 53.3 | W. | | | B Ceti 0.5 | 20.1 | 3 26 37.8 | 56.6 | 11.5 | 32.5 | W. | | 5$ ECON cow oa 2 31.0 | 48.5 | 6.6 3 31 23.3 | 42.0 | 57.5 1 :18.5 | W. | 140.0 118. 0| 114. 0 145.0 oon I | 4 5 20.5 | 81.0 | 52.6 1. W. | Moon 1۱ (a) | 4 6 40.6 | 59.5 | 15.6 | 83.5 | W. | | y ege, sees 15.6 | 32.2.4 51.4d 4 24 10.5 128.61 44.5 2.5 ۷ ۰ | | i -= 6.2| 23.5 142.4 | 4 27 59.1 | 17.5 | 33.5 | 61.4 w | | Dec. 10 Polaris (D) SBE ns dos d 6.0 1 52.5 4. W. : | | y Piscium ....... 20.5 | 39.0 | 54.9 | 42412.8] 29.9|48.3| 49 W. | | o Piscium ...-.-- 115 X. 45.1] 428 ۸:1 ۱ 21.4] 39.9 | 56.9 | W. | | a Avg cus TA 1 4521 3... کے‎ 4 49 JW. | | loon I 57.9 TOE | 32.9 + 4 00 51.6 9.5 | 29.6 | 46.4 | ۰ | | i! Ceti 46. 6 06و‎ 4.55 39.1 | 55.5 | 14.8 | 31.6 | W. | 120. ol LIT; 0 116. 0 119.0 i? Ceti 13.9 | 29.3 5 10 47.4 456 1 23.5 | 40.11 W. | | | CAMP No. 85—Latirups 35° 18’ 11”. 7. | 1 Dec. 8 7 Hev. Cephei (c) | | 9 23 2(.0 cal We | | anis Majoris...| 22.8 | 40.6 2.6 9 31 27.4 e 59 4 111.5 W. | | e Canis Majoris ceo D. 48.54 11.7 9 45 27.5 9.2 |: 7.۵ | 28.1: ۰ | |------ j Geminorum ----| 2:9 (21.6 | 44:1 | 10 3 59.4 E 1135.11 55.5 | ۰ | | | i Date. | Observer. Sid. chron'r. Remarks. S N ves | No. 10 a) Third night after first quart ha se se نیب‎ ; 10 T Instrument set on e 5 eof Polaris. December 9 Ives ès 10 || (c) Instrument set on this KE 10 Ives ac 10 18 Ives 10 46 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX B—Continued. CAMP No. 85 一 LATITUDE 35° 18’ 11”. 7—Continued. * Reading of level. | Times of transit over the wires. $ | Date. Name of object. i E X end east. | X end west. I "d f g I II IH IV. V SL ۰۲ SEA E. W. E. kW. = 1853. 8. & 8. A. OE $. 8. E Dec. 18| a? Geminorum 51,0 10.9 PICT 1-10 17 52:1] 18,51 83.5 1.53.9 | W: 8 Geminorum 4 | 10 28 58.1] 19.5 | 37.5 | 58.1 | W. 15 Argus 51.0 | 15.8 | 39.6 10 53 54.5 | 14.8 | 31.9 | 51.6 | W. d! Can KEL T3E9|5E111L9130.1W. 0 Cancri 56.5 | 14.9 [36.5 T 11 15 5E S | 10/91 28 1| 47.1 | W. oon 85.5 | 59.9 1.17.5.) 11. 44. $3, 4 1363.5 | 11.6. |.31.2 | W. 008 1.5 | 19.9 | 42.9 | 12 15 58,4 | 18.5 | 35.8 | 55.6 | W. š; CAMP No. 97—LaTmrrupg 350 18’ 11”, 3. 1854. | | i : Jan. 10 | Ceti 87. 418 13.44 31.6 | 47.6 |... W. | 116.0 116. 0 a. AMONT... c. 17.2 | 35.1 | 56.0 5-0614.1 + 38.7 1.50.2. |. 10.0 | W. a Ceti vl d IA 5 55 48.0 6.0 | 22.6 | 40.8 | W. 8 Urse Minoris(a) -| 5 52 23.0 ..| ۰ a ersei 49.1 | 15.4 | 44.0 6.15 10.3 | 38.3 2 E: :و‎ . 8 128.0) 1802 0 ees y' Eridani 25.0 | 42.0 1.9 6 52 18.6 | 37.3 | 53.9 | 12.8 | W, ۶۰ DL SG ———- 20.2 137.6 | 5T. 1 7 21 15.0 | 34.3 | 51.0 | 10.6 | W. - w furi uev 47.8 5.0 | 24.2 T 28 42.0 rO T TI T]96 TW... aa Se eee Moon ره یب سا‎ a 23.0 | 41.2 2.0 8 0 21.0 | 40.9 | 58.3 | 18.1 | W. | 132. 0 140. 0 126. 0| 145.0 a Aurige 55.1 | 18.0 | 46.0 8 7 10.0 | 35.9 | 58.9 | 24.0 | W. o Tauri 24.9 L. 0 8 20 4.0d| 22.2 | 39.1 | 58.1 | W. - A o 9.1 | 27.0 | 47. 0 8 30 5.2 | 24,4 | 41.2 0.9 | W. - 11 Polaris (a) 4c E 7 j W. > ٢ Ceti 32.1 | 51.2 4 18 8.4 | 26.3 | 42.4 IUE MW. loin cen = 118 0 116. 0|_....- a Arietis 24.8 | 43.2 | 3.1 5 02L7141.5] 58.4 | 18.1] W. a Aurige - 8 7211/|46.9| 9.4 | 35.3 | W. | 135.0 139. 0 B. Don 276 31.0 | 50.1, 11.2| 8 18 30.6 | 51.6 | 9.1129.7 | W. وا نا‎ a T. 24.0 | 43.0 8 25 59.7 | 17.5] 38.6 | 51.9 | W. e Grionie ees 23.0 | 39.9 | 58.1 8 30 15.1 | 35.3 | 49.2 1.0 + W. a Columba 46.0 6.2 | 29.1 8 35 49.2 | 11.1 | 30.6 | 52.3 | W. - e COE. سی‎ 6. 6.9 | 26.0 8 48 42.9 10 ]17.8.135.2 ] W. - » Geminorum ....| 33.6 | 51.7 | 12.1 9 730.41 50.0 7.2 | 27.0 | W. CAMP No，98 一 LATITUDE 35° 15’ 55”. 3. Jan. 12 Polaris (a) 4 7 34.0 dul ES --- e Ceti 9.9 4 18 27.0 | 45.4 1.2 | 20.0 | W. 4 EE ........ 44.5 2.8 | 23.1 5 0 41.2 1.1 | 18.3 | 37.6 | W. | 119. 0| 140. 0| 112. 0| 147.0 e a Aurige 8 7 43.2 | 9.6 | 32.2 | 58.0 | W. | 135.0 130. 0 Ê - EE 11.2 | 32.4 635 515: DE E روم‎ ën, 1. o Ee SRE d ORE ew - .. 27.1 | 43.9 8.0 8 26 20.0 | 38.1 | 53.9 | 12.0 | W. ---- e: Orionis aca SON 18.0 F 8:30 38:31 | 88961 9.2 | 27:1 | ۰ zs j RE Date. Observer. Sid. chron'r. Remarks. December 18 | Ives No. 10 (a) Instrument set on this star. January 10 | Ives East 10 Ives 10 F 12 | Ives 10 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX B—Continued. 47 CAMP No. 98 一 LATITUDP 359 La 55". 3— Continued. * Reading of level. Times of transit over the wires. 3 Date Name of object. E X end east. | X end west. = I IL FET IV. y. oE YL 1 SIT. E K le | 8. | W. 1854. 8 8. 8 A m. s. š. 8. D Jan. 12| a Columbe ...... rey ۰:۲ ۷ See 836 7.9 | 30.0 | 48.9 | 11.0 | W. 7 10.1 127.3 46.1 ۱ 849 3.8 | 21.6 | 37.9 | 56.8 | W. ». Geminorum 54.2 | 13.1 | 3346 | 9 7 51.8 | 11.3 | 28.3 | 48.0 | W. 9 5th mag. (a)....| 9.6 |28.0|47.2 | 9 22 5.4|25.0|42.0| L4|W. Boon 12-4 33.1 | 61.9 | 13.0 | 9 48 32.6 | 52.9 | 11.1 | 31.7 | W. 4 Geminorum 15.0. 839.4 1:53.08. 1-10 13-AL 8 10 8.0 | W. | * Bet.6&7mag.(b)) 16.2 | 35.0 | 56.5 | 10 17 15.3 | 36.2 W. | | | +. Geminorum 21.2 | 47.0 .2 | 10 18 27.0 | 48.0 ۱ 6.1 | 26. 0 | W. | 132 0 | | 142.0 CAMP No. 115 一 LATITUDE 349 39' 06".5 N. Feb 7|; Eridani 16.0| 7 0 383.5 | 52.1] 8.3 | 27.0 | W. | 80. d 130.0| 80.0| 130.0 a Tauri(c) 9.4 | 16.7 | 36.4 | 7 36 54.0 | 13.0 | 29.5 | 48.0 | W. Ursa Minoris(d) de demens MONIS o m Tauri. 53.0| 8 8 11:5 ۱ 29:8 ۱46.6 | 5.9 | ۱ a Aurige 23.9 | 50.9 | 8 15 15.1|41.5| 4.5 | 29.9 | W. | 8 Tauri 25.5| 44.6 | 6.1| 8 26 25.4 | 45-8 | 4.0| 24.2 | Ww. | ¿ Orionis 2.0 | 18.9 | 37.1 | 8 33 55.0 | 12.6 | 28.6 | 46.5 | W. | t Tauri 20.3 | 38.5 | 58.5 | 8 38 16.5 | 36.0 | 53.d | 11.9 | W. | | Moon I.......- 8.0 | 27.5 | 48.5 | 842 7.0 | 28.0 146.5 | 5.6| W.| | 136 Tauri 30.9 | 50.1| 10.8 ] 8 53 31.0 | 58.8 | 8.9 | 29.5 w. | | | CAMP No. 116—LarrrupE 34° 35' 36".9 N Féb ST; ۳۵22 Minoris(d) 810727T.0 lw. | a Aurig 14.5 | 38.8 1 5.91 8 15 30.1 | 55.7 | 18.6 | 44.0 w. | 109. 01 112. 0| 112. 0| 110.0 EODEM LLL 39.5 | 58.5 | 19.9 | 8 26 39.1 | 59.5 | 18.0 | 38.5 | W. | a Lepori 55.8 | 13.5 | 33.1| 8 35 51.0 | 10.0 | 26.9 | 45.7 | W. t Tauri 52.2| 12.4 | 8 38 30.5 | 49.9 .0 | 26.5 |w. 112. 0| 114. 0| 117. 0| 109.0 136 Tauri 46.0| 4.6|25.8| 8 53 44.8| 8.6 ۱ 5.5 | 1 Kä Moon 1........ 26.1 | 45.4 | 6.9 | 9 36 26.0 | 46.7 | 5.0 24.9 W. | 90.0 135.0 90.0) 135.0 e Geminorum 54.5 | 15.5 9 44 34.1 | 54.5 111.9 | 32:1 | W. Han 9.5 | 97.61 47.5 | 10 5 5.6|24.8|42.0| 1.6 | W. CAMP No. 117—Larrrupe 34° 32 297.6 N Feb. 9۱ a Aurige(d) 8 15 42.0 E E o | Orionis > و‎ Gann 37,9 | 56. 11 W. B Tauri 45.5| 4.8|25.5| 826 44.6 | 5.5|23.4 | 43.5 | W. a. Leporis........| 52.2|10.0129.6| 83547.3| 6.5|23.0| 41.9 | ۰ ç Tauri 38.0 | 55.7 | 16.1] 8 38 33.9 | 54.0 | 10.9 | 29.8 | W. a Columbz....... 43.5 | 3.8 | 26.6 | 843 46.7| 8.6|27.8| 49.6 | W. | 95.0 135.0| 90.0| 140.0 B ئ..‎ 70 50.6 | 9.6|30.5| 8 53 49.6 | 10.5 | 28.6 | 48.5 | ۰ a Orionis 15.9 | 34.7 | 8 56 51.5 | 10.0 | 26.1 | 44.5 | ۰ £ Geminorum . 38.5 | 67.1] 17.7 | 9 2 36.6 | 66.9 | 14.1 | 33.7 W. Geminorum | 9.5 | 27.4 |....-- ۲ d Moon | I PE 7 19.9 | 39.1 | 0.3 | 10 31 19.3 | 39.5 | 57.9 | 18.8 | W. | 102.0| 135.0| 96.0| 140.0 a? Geminorum 10 3 ILBTSM.Y E R W. 8 i ھب ایی‎ 122.7 1 4404] 10 46- 3.7|24.2] 42.6 | 2.7 | ۰ Remarks. (a) Altitude 780 N. (b) Altitude 82° 50' S, (c) In t levell ed. (d) Instrument set on this star. 48 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX B— Continued. CAMP No. 121 一 LATITUDE 34° 16’ 51".1 N. E Reading of level. * Times of transit over the wires. 3 Date. Name of object. E X end east. | end west. bo E 7 2 IL | III IV. V VI. | VII. E X. | Ww. | 18 | OW. I 1854. D k 8 h. m. s. 8. 8 8. ۱ Feb. 13| a Aurig 1.0 | 24:6 | 51.9| 8 16 16.5 | 41.9 | 5.4 | 30.9 8 Tauri 35.5 | 45.0] 6.1| 8 2725.5 | 46.5 | 4.1 |] 7 i a Leporis 42.6 | 0.5| 19.9 | 8 36 37.6 | 56.8 13.3 | 32.6 | W a Columbze. 8 44 41.6 a Hydre 2 54.5|11.5| 30.4 | 12 30 47.1| 5.0 | 21.4 |...... W. : t8 4 Te. "Majoris 12:83 3010 1:59.8.| 58 W. | 126.0, 117. 0 118. 0 125.0 e e ء‎ b 18.6 | 38.8 | 12 47 57.7 | 17.5 | 34.6 | 54.8 | W. A e |a nio 4.6 | 22.5 | 41.5 | 13 10 58.8 | 17.4 | 33.8 | 51.5 y is 13 22 38.0 | 54.5 | 13.5 | W. Moon H.:... |24.0|4L9 | 9.9| 14 5 19.0 | 38.4 | 54.5 | 13.5 | W. 8 * HM... erem |59.5 | 16.4 | 34.9 | 14 7 52.3 | 10.6 | 26.5 | 44.7 W. | 112. 0| 135. 0| 106. 0| 140.0 ` : Loonis | 24. 5 | 14 26 41.5 | 0.8 | 16.6 | 35.0 | W. } CAMP No. 122—Latitups 349 12 32".4 N | | | , Feb. 15 | a Lep ! 8 37 28.0 a cua a Columbe | 56.9 | 19.8 | 8 45 39.9 | w. | x u cminorum ! 9 25 23.0 MI وا رو ساس در‎ | و‎ Leonis 48.8 | 1:8 | 21.4 | 14 17 39.5 | 58.8 | 15.5 | 34.7 | W. |...-.- nod ۵ Leonis 2.0 | 19.9 | 38.8 | 14 52 56.5 | 15.4 | 81.5 | 50.2 | W. |.....- | 3 y Urse Majoris---| 57.5 | 26.6 | 58.5 | 14 87 27.9 | 58.9 | 27.5 | 57.9 | W. |...... | 5 e Virginis ....... 50.8; 7.4 | 26.9 | 15 443.5| 16]|17.5| 35.9 | W. | [ o Virginis ---:... 13.1 | 80.5 | 48.8 | 15 9 5.9 | 24.5 | 40.9 | 59.0 | W. ۱ A خی یں‎ E 49.0 6.5 | 26.5 | 15 44 42.6 | 1.0 | 17.8 | 36.1 | W. |...... | 1 à Virginis.--.....| 4.5 1.0 | 19.9 | 15 59 36.9 | 55.4 | 11.8 | 29.8 | W. |...... | . CAMP No. 143—Larrruoe 35° 00 347.5 N. | March 9 | ó Urse r ا ا | چڪ اي‎ | 9 45 17.0 | | W. -- 51 Hev. Cephe i | 9 56 50.9 W. ick a Canis saa 52.8 | 10.5 | 29.8 | 10 447.4 | 6,3 | 22.8 | 42.0 | W. 2> e Canis Majoris...| 57.8 |.17.0 |.38.5 | 10 18 57.7 | 18.4 | 86.5 | 57.5 | ۰ as à Geminorum 34.3 ۲ | 10 37 à W. Se © Geminorum. 47.11 6.5 | 27.8 | 10 42 46.5 | 7.1| 25.2 | 45.5 | W. -- EE a? inorum .4|42.0| 4.3 | 10 51 24.6 | 45.5 |. 4.6 | 26.0 | W. - a Canis Minoris...| 53.5 | 10.6 | 29.4 | 10 57 46.1 | 4.6|20.5|39.0 | ۰ š 18 inorum .5|49.8| 11.0 | 11 2 30.0 | 61.3 |-.....| 30.0 | W. -- | 4 Geminorum 2.0 | 1.2/21.8|11 10 41.0 | 1.6 ۲ 19,1 | 39.9 | W. | 111:01 108. 0| 117. 0| 101.0 2 16.4 | 37.5 | 11 20 56.6 | 17.0 | 34.7 | 55.5 | W. | Sid. chron'r. Remarks. | - (a) Instrument set on this star. APPENDIX C. COMPARISON OF CHRONOMETERS. of | baron: fast or slow | Date Number of Station. Number Reading of | Difference. camp. Wm chronometer. | | of sidereal time. ® | | 1853. | hms | Amos hom a July 6 0 Lanp. Wl... eL. 251 | 6 20 35 | 十 1 38 22.31 Do 10 6 10 27.5 | 0 10 07.5 Do 257 6 24 25 | Do 2492 7 30 1 | 1 56 3$ July T 0 Camp Wilson 257 6 18 10 Do 10 pP & Ff D. s Do 257 6 21 50 Do 2492 7 27 34.5 1 5 445 =! July 8 0 Camp Wilson 257 6 5 33 ۰ Do 10 5 55 35 0 9 58 Do 257 6.9 27.8 Do 2492 T. 15; 30 1.5.5.3 July 9 0 Camp Wilson 257 5 3 25 Do 10 4 53 30 0 9 65 Do 257 8 T 4 Do 2492 6 13 41.5 رب(‎ 5 July 10 0 Camp Wilson 257 6 47 0 Do 10 6 37 15 0 9 45 Do 257 6 42 45 Do 2492 7 48 58 1 6 13 July 11 0 Camp Wilson 257 7 54.25 Do 10 7 44 45.9 0 ...9 39,1 Do 257 7 58 15 Do 2492 9 4 36 y 5 M ; July 12 0 Camp Wilson. TE NR. E + 1 38 39.32 Do 10 7 15 32.4 0 9 32.6 Do 257 T 27 50 Do 2492 8-94 17 1 & M July 14 0 Camp Wilson 257 7 28 07.8 Do 10 7 18 0 9 22.8 Do 257 7 27 55.5 Do 2492 8 29 40 1 1 445 July 16 1 Ring's Plantation......... 251 1 $ DL 十 1 39 10.05 ۱ Do 10 18 57 Ew 6t | Do 257 19 8 154 ۱ Do 2492 20 15 15 E: دک ہو‎ | July 19 2 | Scullyville 257 20 34 55.4 十 1 39 28.32 * Do 10 20 25 10 0 9 45.4 257 20.35 35.7 2492 21 43 5 i FEF د ماد لد‎ OI 257 19...9 54.9 | 十 1 39 33.35 10 19 1 39,7 0 B8 106 | 7 + fast. 一 slow. 50 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX O Continued. Date. Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. | chronometer. chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. hom È kK m 3 h. mM, 8. uly 2 150911۷90110 APA 257 if 13 99 1 Do 2492 20 20 6.5 1 7 56.6 July 27 4 Cáche creek 257 19 12 15 4-1 49 7 Do 10 19 4 49.2 0 7 45.8 Do 257 19 10 11.5 Do 2492 20 18 25 1 8 13.5 July 28 4 Cáche creek 257 19 8 34.5 +1 40 35.89 Do 2492 20 16 55 1 m 3025 Do 257 i x1 Do 10 18 .8 ü 99 July 30 6 Cáche creek 257 i au La + 1 40 25.12 10 19 23 43 6,7. 24.4 ۱ Do 7 19 $4 35.2 Do 2492 20 43 17 8 29.8 July 31 7 Sans Bois creek. ..........| 257 19 14 15 41 49 216 10 19 6 54,2 @ -7. 20.8 | Do 257 B9 344-9 | Do 2492 20 24 39 ) 8 34 Aug. 1. 8 Sans Bois creek 257 19 51 0 +1 42 0 | Do 10 19 58 13.9 0 4 8 5 | Do 257 | 20 0 34 ' Do 2492 | 21 9 15.5 LESS 4 , Aug. 2 9 Santa Rita creek 97و‎ | 19 26^ 85 +1 43 4 Do 10 19 19 26.5 لال س0‎ 5 Do 257 19 28 55 2492 20 37 40.1 l8 451 Aug 3 9 Santa Rita creek 257 19:= 5 十 1 43 12.8 Do 10 19-8 8 A MED. Do 257 19 14 25 ' Do 2492 20 329 15.5 Ec 8 48.5 Aug 4 10 Ia Honda 257 19 25 35 Do 10 19 18 40.9 0 6 54,1 Do 257 19 27 55 | Do 2492 20 36 49.1 0 51 5.9 Aug. 5 11 Gaines's creek 257 19 34 35 i +1 44 28.9 Do 10 19 27 47.6 0 6 47.4 Do 257 19 32 30 Do 2492 20 41 29.4 1 8 59.4 due Tt 13 Branch of Coal creek... 257 19 14 52.1 + 1 45 37.47 Do 2492 20 24 ۲9 Aug. 8 14 Head of Coal creek.------- 257 19. - 26: 1.5 JA-J-1 46 85,90 e Do 10 19 19 40 O6 و‎ 6 Do 251 19 23 40.3 Do 2492 20 32 55 339 41 Aug. 9 15 “| Shawnee villages --------- 257 19 29 19.6 十 1 46 48.18 M. x Do. 10 19 35 A 0 6 19.6 ا‎ Do 25 19 ag 18.2 Do 2492 | 20 36 40 | 8 Aug. 10 16 Shawnee Town 257 19 54 20 + 1 47 24.63 Do. 10 19 48 5,4 0 6 146 š | Dai. 5 19 50 37 | Do 2492 ÓÜ 061 1::9 28.1 Aug. 11 17 Branch of Canadian river .. 257 20-10-25 + 0 47 53.5 | Do 16..(1,.309 2 55 Ú 6€ L5 E. ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. 51 APPENDIX C—Continued. Date. Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. chronometer. | chronometer, of sidereal time. | 1853. h. š. ۸. mos k. A ug. 17 Branch of Canadian river .. 25 20 13 18,4 Do 2492 21 22 55 1 9 36.6 Aug. 12 17 Branch of Canadian river -- 257 19 58 25.2 + 1 47 52,23 Do 10 19 52 25 0:46 02 Do 251 19 56 14.9 Do 2492 21 6 0 1 Ss, 1 Aug. 13 17 Branch of Canadian river .. 257 20 13 28,2 + 1 47 56.32 Do 10 20 3ة‎ 0 5 2 Do 257 20 14 53.4 K E Do 2492 21 24 45 Er 8 51.8 Aug. 14 18 Head of Boggy river.------ 257 | 20 14 8.5 + 1 48 45.79 Do 10 | 30-32-26 0 -5 53.5 Do | — 3507 | 20 16 58 Do | 2492 ۱ 21 24 55 1 9 5 Aug. 15 19 Branch of 'Popopki creek. . - 257 19 59 41.9 0 5 469 | 4+ 1 49 21,27 Do 10 19 63 ۰ 55 Do i 257 20 31$ 9.2 Do 2492 21. . 13. 10 FIM GG Aug. 16 20 Topopki creek 257 20 32. 91.6 + 1 50 0 Do 10 20 271 ..0 0b 37,6 Do ۱ 257 34 52.9 Do 2492 19 45 20 2:107 35.1 Aug. 17 21 Beaveraville. << وہ‎ «¿22d 257 20 39 53.1 + 1 50 42.30 Do 10 20 34 25 0:73 28.1 Do 20 42 57.9 Do 2492 21.53 10 T 0 Aug. 18 21 Beaversville 251 Sg M DS oL oae ecu اور‎ + 1 50 45.90 Do 10 Do 257 Do | 2492 D Aug. 19 21 Beaversville | 257 Do 10 Do 257 Do 2492 © Aug. 20 21 Beaversville ء,‎ 5 257 50 52.44 Do.. 257 Aug. 21 21 Beaversville.-......-.-.-.- 257 20 50 26.5 “pe + 1 50 55.76 ` Do 10 20 45 30 0. 4 56.5 Do 20 49 30,5 Do. 2492 5 4 M 1 10 345 Aug. 22 22 Branch of Canadian river. . - 257 20 14 20.9 j Cee ae D jm | Ho 09 o 1 LS jo oe 257 21 12 53.8 a ^ maud ok ؛:. تھے کی وہ‎ e + 1 52 44.33 Ae m - i Do es ime Plac] —— ME 20. 17 45 0.0.4 46 2 | | b. 257 | 20 21 29.2 | Së Bee Tt" | ae با‎ D 52 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. Mouth of Valley river..... Do Date Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. ichronometer. | chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. 3: LSK. DEN h jf 3 Aug. 25 Walnnt creek نے مداد ہے کے ہے‎ 257 21.8 8 + 1 53 39.02 Do 10 ya E 0 0 4 35.8 Do 257 21 22 10.2 Do 2492 22 3 0 1 10 49.8 ; Aug. 37 27 Deer creek 257 31 33 SEL Do 10 21 29 30 0 4 22.4 Do 257 21 36 0.3 ۳ Do 2492 22 47 0 1^ 10 Bee Aug. 28 28 Deer Creek spring. ........ 257 Hu 9 25 +1 56 5.82 Do 10 sI ۳ I9 vU 4 I5 j Do 257 21 IL 59.4 Do 2492 22 2 5 8 11 ® Aug. 29 29 Branch of Canadian....... 257 21 39 42 十 1 57 26.83 ; 10 21 35 30 0 4 12 Do 257 21 40 29.2 Do 2492 22 51 40 ETE IS Aug. 30 30 Gypsum creek 257 20 19 13 + 1 58 28.93 10 20 15- 5 D 4 8 Do 257 20 19 13 Do 2492 21 30 30 l 1i 7۸ Aug. 31 31 Comet creek 257 20 47 9.6 + 1 59 19.85 Do 10 20 43 10 0 2. 59.6 Do 257 20 45 54.3 Do 2492 21 57 20 l 2 3257 Sept 1 32 Silver creek 257 21 10 11.6 十 2 0 04.95 Do 10 21 15 0 3 50.6 Do 257. 21 8 2 Do 2492 22 20 5 TIE 29.8 Sept. 2 33 Oat creek 257 20 34 53.3 +2 1 0.40 10 20 SI 0 0 3 53.3 Do 257 20 36 29.1 Do 2492 21 48 0 i 1 30,9 Sept... 3 34 Epsom spring............ 257 20 52 54.9 +2 1 56.76 Do 10 20 49 5 Ü "S 49.9 Do 257 20—51. ٩ Do 2492 22 2 45 i H 3 Sept. 4 35 Sweet Water run......... 257 21 39 32.9 +2 2 42.76 Do 10 21 35 49 0 3 43.9 Do 257 21 40 49 Do 2492 22 52 29 1 11 40 Sept. 5 35 Sweet Water run......... 257 21 34 45.5 42 2 48.95 Do 4 Do Do Sept. 6 36 Canadian river --........- Do Do Do Sept. 7 Eu Mouth of Wolf creck..... Do. Sept. 8 38 Mouth of Wine creek..... DO... ; 9 39 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. 53 r of | R Date. Number of Station. Numbe eading of Difference. 02 fast or slow camp. chronometer. enn ie: f sidereal time. 1853. h. 8. h. m. s B: "gg Sept. 1 40 HESE of Spring creek_.-- 1 22 - 28 29.1 vende 2492 23 44 O 1.15 26.9 Sept. 1 41 Last camp on Canadian river 10 $$ 94 Ni 1 +2 6 4.55 : Do 2492 23 40 25 i35 9 E Sept. 12 42 White Sandy creck....... 10 21 47 29 4-3. 7 ` Kë Do 2492 20:-—9-—9 1-45 3I Sept. 13 42 White Sandy creek......- 10 22 32 41.4 +2 7 16.19 Do 2492 23 48 16 1-15 34.6 Sept. 14 43 Shady creek 10 21 42 47.1 +2 8 9.96 Do 2492 22 58 24 1 365 36.9 Sept. 15 44 Beautiful View creek...... 10 22 14 35 十 2 9 24.9 3 Do 2492 29 -30 Lë 1545 4H E Sept. 16 45 Rincon de la Cruz........ 1 22 23 52.6 3 Do 2492 23 39 31 1 15 4 | + 2-10 43.54 : Sept. 17 46 Rocky Dell creek 10 29 13 15 | 十 2 12 41.51 š Do 2492 24 29 1.6 1 35 46.6 Sept. 19 47 Cañada de Truxillo 10 21 54 41 4.9 44 4» Do 2492 23 10 33 1-415 52 ç ia Sept. 0 48 Branch of Tucumcari creek .| 10 23. 21 41 E Do E. 2492 0 Sg 35,1 1 15 54.1 EC Sept. 21 49 Tucumcari creek 10 B Tm 34 +2 M 1428 Do š 25-43. 16 1 36 0.8 1 Sept. 22 50 Laguna Colorado. ........ 10 22.48 4 +3 18 48.3 2 Do 2492 0 4 40 31-46 06 Sept. 8 51 Arroyo Cuerbite..........| 10 22. 45 35.3 十 2 19 59.96 Do 2492 0 49 47510 13.T Sept. 24 52 Hurrah creek 10 22--37 - 11.3 +2 20 56.85 | f Do 2492 23 --53 37 4346 39.8 | Sept. 25 52 Hurrah creek 10 22 36 32.6 (十 2 20 58.90 Do 2492 23 b3 6 1 16 394 | Sept. 27 54 Anton Chico 10 22 -- 9 - 5.9 | Ñ Do 2492 23 16 48 1 16 42.1 | : Sept. 28 54 Anton Chico 10 22 41 56.2 Se Do 24192 38-58 4T اب‎ + 2 23 1.81 * Sept. 29 55 | Cañon Blanco ..-.......- 4. B | See Ski F E +. A = 2492 — 0 39 24 - D Sept. 30 | 56 Lagunas .... --- 1 eI 10 22. 3 56.2 EUM E ` “Do 2492 33-31-14 1 1 Te Oct. 1 57 San Pedro Pass 10 31 s 28 À e Do 2492 0 50 50.9 IH Y T Oct. 2 58 ¡Sen Antonio. 10 23 24 44.1 zs Do 0 42 A 1 Od. 3 59 | Albuquerque 23 34 nn 1 2 53 . 29 33.62 E Tee EI Oct. 5 59 Albuquerque-............ 33. 36 + 2 29 43.70 Oct. 6 59 Albuquerque... 225.025.0554) 22 35 + 2 29 48.67 Albuquerque. -. 9 ۵۷ Ss aw x^ MERC es i 0 1 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. | Date Number of | Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. | |chronometer. chronometer. of sidereal time. | 1853. | h. s. h m. s k weien, Oct. 17 59 | Albuquerque.<.s2--.4..- 31070 18 39 50.1 Do 2475 20 25 35 1 45 449 ا"‎ 0 1 17.12 Do 719 20 27 20 Do 2475 20 27 43.1 0.0 3235.1 Do 10 22 58 54 Do 2475 20 29 33.4 2 29 20.6 Do 2475 20 31 56 Do 2492 | D I9. 58.3 3 48 2.3 Oct. 18 59 Albuquerque. desu. - ان‎ 1070 | 19 13 50.6 o Do 2415 MG 5 5 1 49 544 | + 0 1 29.12 Do | 719 اه‎ ic D. | Do | 0 0 20.9 | Do | 10 | 28 35 45.5 | Do: 1 ue 65 2 29 5 | مت‎ 2476 39 5 | | Do 2492 | 24 56 15 3 48 9.5 | | Oct. 19). 8 | Albuquerque... ده‎ - zl 1070 18 13 55 | | Do 2475 2 1 58 43.1 十 0 1 26.57 | Do 719 20 1 0 ۲ | Do: 2475 20 10 17.8 0 0 17.8 Do 10 22 . 41 -6 Do 2475 20 Il -45 2 29 20 Do 2475 20 13 29.5 Do 2492 24 1 47 2-48 17.5 Oct. 20 59 | Albuquerque. 2-«2---2--2-| 1070 18: Lb 254 i Do 2475 20 13 10 1 57 44.6 | Do 719 20 15 50 | | Do | 3 20 16 8.9 $15 9 | aa zl 10 22 45 29.5 Do. 2475 20 16 8.9 2 29 20.6 Do 2475 20 13 10 | Do 2492. 2| 1 355 3 48 25.5 Oct. 21 59 | Albuquerque. -..--------- 1070 18 19 44.5 | Do 2475 20 21 29 én 4.5 J p U S YT Do 719 20 22 50 Do 2475 20 23 4.5 0-0 14.6 Do 10 22 53 57 Do 2475 20 24 2 29 22 Do 2475 20 26 10 Do 2492 0 14 42.1 9.48 32.1 Oct. 22 59 Albuquerque...........-- 1070 18 14 36 Do 2475 20 20 21.2 2. 5 45.2 Do 719 2 we Do. 2475 20 17: 18.6 U^ 0. 125 Do 10 22 46 39.5 Do. 2475 20 17 18.5 2 29 21 Do. 2475 20 20 21.2 Do. 2492 0 8 59.5 3 48 38.3 Oct. 23 59 — | Albuquerque 1070 18 32 25 : Do. 2475 20 42 19.5 9 9 64.6 1 6 1 37.10 Do 719 20 44 20 Do: suksa 2475 20 44 36.1 9 © 1 * Chronometer 1070 runs nearly upon mean solar time. | | > š H E f ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. | ! Date. | Number of Station. | Number o Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. chronometer chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. h. D A m. & h m s. Oct. 23 59 Albuquerque 10 23 11 31 30 TND 2475 20 42 19.5 2 29 11.5 Do 2492 0 33 15.8 Do 2415 20 36.1 3 48 39.7 Oct. 24 59 Albuquerque 1070 18 10 20 Do 2475 20 24 9.4 2 13 49,4 Do 719 20 27 10 Do 2475 20 27 23.1 LS MEC CS. Do 10 22 56 33.5 Do 2475 20 27 23.1 2 29 10.4 Do 2475 20 24 44,4 Do 2492 0 13 31.3 8 48 46.8 Oct. 25 59 Albugasrqua. ........1 1070 17 57 30 Do 2415 20 15 10 2. 1T 40 Do 719 20 16 50 | Do š 2475 20 16 51.2 09 13 | Do 10 22 44 29.8 | Do 2475 20 15 10 2 239 19.8 | Do 2475 20 16 51.2 ۳ Do 2492 0 5 53.5 8 49 2.3 Oct 26 59 Albuquerque 1070 17 6T 0 Do 2475 20 18 51,2 2 291 412 Do. 719 20 20 50 Do 2475 20 20 46 Q 9 E Do 10 22 48 11.5 Do 2495 20 18 51.2 2 29 20.3 Do 2475 20 20 46 Do 2492 0 9 8 3 49 12 Oct. 27 59 RE LS ماو‎ cod 1070 17 53 0 Do 2415 20 19 7 2 25 45.7 Do 119 20 27 0 Do 2475 26 26 56.2 0.9 8 Do 10 22 28.5 | Do 2475 300 19 UÀ 1 2 29 22.8 Do... 2475 20 26 56.2 5 Do.. 2492 90-4 7 3 49 15.8 Oct. 28 59 Albuquerque 1070 و پر‎ Do 719 20 33 50 14 29 56.1 Do 1070 6 0 41.5 Do 10 22 59 54.5 16 59 13 Do 1070 6-9 ES Do 2492 0 19 55 18. 19 13.5 Oct. 29 5 ۸6100006700820 00 o. 1070 6 4 59.4 . o em | 30 39 0 | M 34 te Do. - 1070 6 2 32.5 Do. 10 23 6 48.5 1۴ وت‎ 36 Do 107 6 2 32.5 Do 2492 0 25 55 18 33 22.5 10101116۳0136 ة2‎ 1070 17 59 58.1 Oct. 30 59 Anm 719 20 38 0 و‎ 38 19 Do. 1070 | 17 59 58.1 Do Gees SL a ET - S 5.3 8 po 5 |- 1070 Is 34132 i Do P ww". Er چو‎ 6 27 29.8 Date. ASTRONOMICAL OBSERY ATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. Number of camp. Station. r of Numbe chronometer. ing of Read chronometer. Difference. Chron. fast or slow of sidereal time. Nov. 5 Nov. 6 59 Albuquerque Do Do Do Do Do Do. Albuquerque Do A "m e +0 1 44.6 ` 1 i PU acres CH ¿e erm erem: ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. 57 Date. | Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference, Pama. or slow camp. ronometer.| chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. À. D b. ge 1 à. A Nov 6 59 Albuquerque ... .........- 2415 20 36 57.1 ^ ۱ — 2492 0 27 43.5 3 50 46.4 Nov. 9 61 la . 2,90160 | 10 2 10 26 Do ہو1‎ 2493. | 3 55 1 20 51.4 Do | E | ۵ £ SY Do | 1070 8 23 20 6 11 45.5 Nov. 0 62 Rio Puerco 10 £ عو‎ as 4-2 33 33.92 Do | — 2492 9 58 0 1 20 58.5 Do | 10 8 39 48.5 Do | 1070 2 46 25 5 53 23.5 Nov. 11 63 Rio San José 10 3 11 38.1 +2 34 53.18 Do 2492 4 32 40 - L9 BL T. I Lolo mat em: 10 3 15 57.1 Do 1070 | 9 19 25 6 4 9 Nov. 12 63 Rio San José 10 4 56 21 + 2 34 53.50 Do 2492 6 17 25 im 4 Do 10 4 58 21.5 Do 1070 10 57 30 5 59 08,5 Nov 14 64 Covero 10 7 4 MI + 2 35 61.60 Da 2492 7 20 ہو‎ 144 Do 10 6 4 25.5 Do 1070 11 55 15 5 50 49.5 No 15 Hay Camp 10 6 16 47.8 2 36 49.2 ۳ " lc 2492 738 5 Ca ie | + Do 10 6 15 31 Do. 1070 e 39 5 46 44 Nov. Sierra: Madre... l. u u. =. 10 0 25 55 4-2 37 48.20 Së. E ei Do 2415 21 54 57. 2 30 57.9 Do 10 0 29 0.1 Dé 719 21 58 20 2 30 410.1 Do 10 0 25 55 à Do 2492 1 47 15 1 21 20 Do 10 5.29 41 Do F: 1070 18 B ۹ 6 16 19.1 v. Agua Fria... Al 0 28 30.2 sakes 十 2 38 14. 95 Ne. " AA We EF ee تا‎ Es, و ره‎ 10 0 32 39.1 5 » "d ae eg 8 119 , WM Ne | 2 30 39.1 Do 10 0 32 39.1 , Do 2492 154 7 1 21 8 Do 10 0 31 35 | ' Do 1070 18 11 15.7 6.30 20.3 10 0 50 50 + 2 39 24.94 Nov. 18 2415 99 19 40 2 31 10 ó 4 L1 d 22 24 30 Y $ 871.1 10 $ 55 7.1 2492 2 16 37.5 1 21 30.4 10 0 53 35 1070 18 29 11.5 6 24 23.5 d0 $ 5 314 2 40 22.58 Nov. 19 m4 21 34 20 2 31 144 + 5 m A M 0 7 33.4 i a دو ھی‎ n» | a st o | 2 9 38 58 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C— Continued. | Date. |Numberof Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. , chronometer chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. À e e À. m. 8 A. 4 e Nov. 69 Ojo del Pescado. 22. .2...:. 10 0 8 833 | Do 2492 1 30 10 rai ہو‎ f Do 10 E Mil Do 1070 17 38 15 6 28 12.1 Nov. 21 70 Zuñi river 10 0 42 8 + 2 41 20.8 2415 22 10 30 2 31 38 Do 10 0 40 23.5 Do 719 22 9 40 2 30 43.5 Do 10 0 38 0.6 Do | 2492 1 59 40 1 21 39.4 Do | 10 0 39 16.1 Do 1070 18 50 6 36 26.1 Nov. 22 10 Zuii river 10 0 39 5 十 2 41 34.10(d) Do 2415 32--.1-.24.5 2 31 30.5 Do 10 0 42 53.1 Do 119 22 12 10 2 30 43.1 Do 10 0 41 40 Do 2492 2 8 26.8 Tn 46.8 Do 10 0 40 10 ` f CH 1070 M 59 42.5 6 40 27.5 i Nov. 23 70 Zuñi river 10 0 46 0 + 2 41 26.35 Dó 2475 22 13 58 2 32 2 | Do s 10 0 48 10 | Do 719 22 17 28.4 2 30 41.6 Do 10 0 46 0 | Do 2492 2 7 55 1 21 55 | Do 10 0 48 10 Í Dé 1070 18 4 43.7 6 43 26.4 ; i Nov. 24 70 Zui river .--- 10 RA. 4 35 十 2 41 39.75(d) | Do. 2415 22 32 30.4 2 32 04.6 Do. 10 1 A ٦ | Do 719 22 34 40 2 30 43.5 | Do 10 1 8 40 Do 2492 2 25 43.5 122 35 Do 10 1 5 23.5 Do 1070 6 16 54.8 5 11 81.3 Nov. 25 10 Zui river ....---.------- 10 1.34 10 十 2 41 30.94 Sio. S. 2492 2 46 20.5 j 32 16.5 Do 10 1..23. 45 Do jo گل‎ 1070 - 6 30 14 E T 92 Nov. 28 12 Cedar Forest 10 0 29 20 十 2 42 46.09 Do 2415 "n 48 2 32 15.2 Do 10 0 E: E a 119 19 1..40 2 30 50.5 Do o: 10 0 29 20 | Po 2492 1 51 43 L 22 23 | Do 10 0 34 30 : Do 1070 5 239 652 4 55 22 Nov. 29 78 Jacob's Well 10 4 10 35 +2 44 11.01 Do. 2475 1 Së 2 32 27 i Do. 10 4 12 15 ) Do 719 1 41 20.4 2 30 54.7 | Do 10 4 10 35 Do 2492 5 32 59.5 1: 92 945 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS APPENDIX C—Continued. 59 Date. Number of Station. f Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow ichronometer.| chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. A m s. ۸ m 3 k mi 8 ov. 78 Jacob's Well 10 4 12 15 Do 1070 9," 3-55 4 50 40 Nov. 30 74 Navajo spring 10 1 30 50 +2 44 37.91 Do 2475 22 31 22 2 32 28 Do 10 EK 8 Do 719 22 41 10 2 30 56 DO اتآ مان‎ mS نم‎ 10 a 39 Do 2492 2 38 59 1 22 29 Do 10 I 3 59 Do 1070 5 50 57 fiat ç Dec. i 75 Cartiso creek : speed. 10 1 29 20 + 2 45 31. 3 Do 2475 22 b6 41.2 2 32 38.8 Do 10 1 1 1 Do 719 SS گور‎ for "i Do 10 1 29 20 Do 2492 2 51 651 1 23 31 Do 19 ۱ d Do 1070 6 13 55 4 42 55 Dec. 2 76 Near Lithodendron creek ۔۔‎ 10 L I € 十 2 46 12.30 Do 2475 22 28 42.2 2 32 47.8 Do 10 T £$ 9 Do 119 iS Ww y LEE? Do 10 lo T^ 30 Do 2492 TUN 5.5 2 22 35.5 Do 10 L E رہ‎ Do 1070 5 42 51 4 38 46.3 Dec. 3 17 Near Rio Puerco of the West 10 3 16 30 +2 47 2.22 Do 2475 0" 43 15.1 2 32 54.9 Do 10 "i W Do 119 0 47 10 Peor” Y Do 10 3 14-10 Do 2492 4 38 50 1 22 40 Do 10 3 18 11 Do 1070 7T 52 47.5 4 34 30.5 Dec. 5 78 Little Colorado 10 I^ ۶ e 4-2 47 56,41 j Do 2475 22 30 56.5 oer ES | ` po 10 1 5 45.4 Do 719 22 34 30 2 31 15.4 Do 10 J £ 9 Do 2492 2 26 47 1 22 47 Do 10 1 85 45.4 Do 1070 5 32 32.8 4 26 47.4 3 Little Colorado. -........- 10 3 58 55 4-2 48 4 = , s Do. 2475 1 25 39.4 23 33 15.6 Do 10 4 0 54.3 Do 119 1 39 30 2581 24.3 Do 10 3 58 55 Do 2492 5 21 43 1 22 48 Do 10 4 0 54,3 Do 1070 8.23 55 4 22 11.2 ittle Colorado 10 B. E. 4 +2 49 36.55 is : ei e DE... 0958.0 A 2475 23 31 20.1 9. 83 19.9 po Pe ee 10 2: 5. 942 Do 719 83 35 $ 2.91 943 a“... ............... 60 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX O— Continued. Date. | Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference. leui. fast or slow camp. chronometer.) chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. | h. m. 8 A m. a À. m. & 1 80 Little Colorado... we | 10 2 ¢ 40 Do : | 2492 3 27 25 1 22 45 | 10 2 11 A8 Do | | 1070 6 30 6 4 18 22.5 » Dec. 8 81 | Little Colorado. :..........| 10 2.35 0 +2 50 1.98 Do 2475 0 1 29 2 33 رو‎ Do 10 2 36 50 Do 119 0 5 4 2 91 43.6 ; | Do 10 Z- 96 - Do 2492 3 57 45 ro: 48 Do 2 36 50 - Do 1070 6 50 58.8 4 14 8.8 Dec. 9 82 Little Colorado........... 1 4 39 0 + 2 50 14.23 Do 2475 2 ۰۰ 6 - 25 2 33 35 Do 10 4 Do 719 2 10 31.2 2 31 48.8 Do 10 +- 39 I Do 2492 | E * 44.85 FD 47.5 Do 10 4 41 15 Do 1070 8 50 58.5 4 9 43.5 Dec. 10 | 82 Little Colorado. ..........| 10 2 30 + 2 50 25.15 Do 2415 23 28 51.9 2 33 38.1 Do 10 2 4 55 Do 719 23 33 4 2°31 51 Do 10 2 30 Do 2492 3 25 18 1.22 48 Do 10 2 5 Do 1070 6 10 58.5 4 6 5 Dec. 11 82 Little Colorado 22-a- 10 2 Do 247 23 53 52.4 2 33 37.6 Do 10 2 Do 719 23 57 18.8 2 31 51.2 Do 10 2 27 30 Do 2492 3 30 21 1 ۰99 51.2 Do 10 2 29 10 MORE, ا ےی‎ EO, 1070 6 31 6 4 1 56 Dec, 12 82 Little Colorado. سے مس لے‎ 10. 2 45 Do 2415 23 34 56.8 2 33 48.2 Do. 10 2 10 40 Do 719 23 38 48 2.81 52 š po 10 2 Do 2492 8 31 40.5 1.233 5.5 Do 10 2 10 40 Do 1070 6 34 3 57 54 Dec. 14 83 Little Colorado. .......... 10 9 3 28 +2 50 51.93 6-2 | و‎ 23 27 5.4 2.34 9.6 Do | 10 2 2 50.5 ` Do. | 719 23 30 50 2.82 0.5 Do | 10 2 5 y Dok... 3 2492 3 28 20.5 1.23 55 6) EE W b EA 10 2 4 0 ¿ DOS. icio A us 1070 5 53 43,7 3 49 43.7 Dec. 16 84 Little 0010۳۵00-222 ۲ 10 3 25 35 8 4-2 51 27.25 | 2475 0 50 658.4 2.84 86.6 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. 61 | Date. Number of | Station. Number of Reading of | Difference. (Chron. fast or slow p. chronometer chronometer. | | of sidereal time. | ۳11 reo ST: | | 1853. É ow x Ka A | kK was Dec. 16 84 little. Colorada... welt, . 10 8 27 40 | š Do 719 0 55 22.2 Y Ha? Do 10 3 28 40 | Do 2492 4 51 43.5 1.23 3.5 Do 10 3 25 35 Do 1070 7 6 6 $ 4 12.6 | Dec. 17 85 Little Colorado. .........- 10 4 5 36 4 2 52 26.76 * Do 2415 1 30 34 یمج‎ AM | Do 10 4 8 20 | Do 719 1 35 51.6 2 82 28.4 | Do 10 4 5 26 | Do 2492 5 28 20.5 1 22 55.5 | Do 10 4 8 30 | Do 1070 7 45 12 3 86 52 | Dec. 18 85 Little Colorado..--.....--= 10 4 31 40 |+ 2 52 35.83 Do 2475 1 56 37.2 2 35 28 | Do 10 4 32 40 Do 719 1.9 "19 3.0 38.1 Do 10 4 36 10 Do 2492 5 59 6 1 22 6 Do 10 4 35 0 Do 1070 8 zf ei 2 32 40.1 Dec. 19 86 Little Colorado 10 2 39 40 Do 2415 0 4 28.1 2 35 11.9 | Do 10 2 38 25 | Do E 719 0 5 37.2 2 32 47.8 | Do 10 2 35 40 | Do 2492 2 58 32.6 i 323 59.6 Do 10 .8و‎ 5 Do 1070 6 6-33 $ 38 48.2 | Dec. 0 87 Little Colorado 10 4 25 10 [十 2 52 49.74 Do 2475 1 49 43.5 3 35 27.5 | Do 10 4 22 5 | Do 119 1 49 51.6 2 32 58.4 Yin 10 4 20 30 ` : o. 2 2492 5 43 25.5 1,42 55.5 Do 10 4 21 45 Do 1070 1 46 10.9 3 24 25.9 Dec. 23 89 Cosnino Caves. 52-26-22 10 6 2 5 ۱ 十 2 54 0 2475 3 44 19.4 2 35 45.6 Do. 10 6 20 40 Do 719 3 9 IE 2 85 15.3 Do. 10 6 22 50 Do 2492 7 45 57 1.43 7 Do. 10 6 23 40. Do. 1070 .— 9 35 25.2 3.41 46.2 Dec. 24 89 Cosnino Caves... - Lu 10 4 1 » +2 55 4.06 Do 2475 25 43.5 . RS? Do 10 4 0 45 "Do: 113. T 97 16.8 2,449 38.3 Do 10 3 58 15 e Do 2492 ， وج‎ T 3,48 .3 Do à A 10 3 59 15 adii d Do جن‎ A 1070 T7 H $,01 9 62 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. Date. "Number of Station. Number of g of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. ichronometer.| chronometer. of sidereal time. 1853. A Hh s. Kk Me & A. w. DR ec. 91 Leroux spring 10 5 16 55.6 + 2 56 40.64 Do 2475 2 40 25 2 36 35.6 . Do | 10 5. I8... 3.5 Do | 719 2 44 10 2 83 53.4 Do 10 5. 19. L6 Do | 2492 6 36 0 1 22 58.4 Do | 10 5 14 655.1 Do 1070 8 10 10 2 55 14.9 Dec. 28 91 Leroux spring 10 4 15. 5 +2 56 47.02 Do 2475 1 38 30.5 2.38. 34.5 Do 10 4 18 50 Do 719 1 44... 51,6 2..33. 58,4 Do 10 4 16 35 Do | 2492 5 39 39.9 1 23 4.9 Do 10 4 17 40 Do 1070 T. 8.56.5 1.851.165 Dec. 29 91 Leroux spring 10 4 15 50 十 2 56 57.06 Do 2415 1.38 . 56.4 2 86 53.9 Do 10 4 13 40 Do 719 L.39 323.4 DE. و‎ Do 10 4 11 20 Do 2492 8-34 IL7 1. S. e | Do 10 4 12 30 | Do 1070 6 59 36.9 2 TE Dec. 30 91 Leroux spring 10 4 49 10 | Do. 2475 2 12 10.5 2 26 59.5 | Do 10 4 47 50 | Do 719 2 13 40.8 2.34 9.2 | | Do 10 4 45 40 | Do 2492 6 8 ۲1. 1.32. 58.5 | Do 10 E h | Do 1070 7.29. 58.5 2 42 658.5 Dec. 3 | 92 San Francisco Forest...... | 10 5.47 55 | Do. 2475 3 10 42 2:91.18 | Do | 10 5 47 0 | Do | 719 3 12 40.9 2 34 19.1 | Do 10 5 44 55 | Do. 2492 T: 1.45.8 1 22 50.5 Do 10 b 46 5 1854. Do 1070 8 24 40 2.88 35 Jan. 1 93 San Francisco Forest...... 10 5 46 10 ( EE 2475 3. 8 52.4 287 86 Do 10 5 45 0 Do. 719 3 10 36.8 2 34 23.2 Do 10 5 43 10 Do 2492 I € 25 1 22 54.5 Do. 10 5 44 0 Do. 1070 8: 18° 30.5 2 34 30.5 Jan. 2 94 New Year's spring........ 10 5 22 25 4-2 58 8 Do.. 2415 2.42 2.5 237 22.5 | Do 10 5. 21. 85 ۱ Do 719 2.4T- TA 2.84 228 | Do. 10 5.920 8 | Do. 2492 6 42 57.5 1.349 ء٤‎ H 3 d | t 1 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. 63 Date. Number of camp. | | 1854. Jan. 2 Jan. 3 Jan. 4 Jan. 6 Jan, 9 Jan. 10 Jan. 11 Jan. 12 Station. , Number of | Reading of | Difference. Chron. fast or slow ` chronometer. | chronometer. | | of sidereal time. 2 | | | | | `k w à a E S | A a a New Year's spring-------- | 2003 مو مود‎ | Do.. 1070 | 1 2 30 29 New Year's spring--------| 10 | 4 39 55 Do gës: | 3° 3 MA 2 37 28.6 Do 10 | ox | Do 719 wés t 2 34 32.3 | Do 10 4 36 30 | Do 2492 5 59 20.6 1 22 650.6 | Do | 10 4 37 30 ^ Do | 1070 Ts a 2 26 27 | New Year's spring. ....... | 10 4 40 45 | Do EI Ah o: 2 37 31.2 | Do | 10 | 4 89 45 | Do | 719 1 eeh 2 34 36.3 Do 10 4 38 5 Do 2492 6 o 658.1 1 22 53.1 Do 10 4 38 55 Do WE | Lies $22 313 | New Year'sspring....-..- 10 | 14-35. © +2 59 6.47 Do š 9478" | 1-57 12 2 37 48 Do B | za Do "P^ 172373 3 2 34 47.2 Do E. (BEGO Do a" | ESTE TA HI 54.4 Do w. eua | Do IW" CIE 2 14 12 | | | Coder O AN 10 |^ € -4 | 十 3 0 9.42 Do 了 2 38 12.1 Do 10 6 46 50 | Do 719 8 29 52 1 43 0.2 | Do B i4 | Do 2492 | 8 7 32.2 1 22 47.2 | Do Y o, 154.48 | Do 1070 | 8 47 15 7 او‎ M | Partridg creek... w s 489 : La Ei “rt 5o 2475 | 6 3 25 2 38 23.9 | Do : | -8- 49-38 Do 719^ | 10 25 30 1 42 57 | Do 10 | 8 49 4 | Do 2492 | 10 6 40 چو کاو‎ 46 | Do 10 | 8 39 48 | Do 1070 | 10 39 45 1 56 57 | Partridge creek........--- 10 | 6 n 4 + 3 1 26.2 Si ui وو چو و رر‎ amu | i { Do B ree | Do 719 | 6 51 50 1 42 46 | Do b. ہک‎ er on ۱ Do 2492 | 6 30 30 mm. | Do 10 5 10 22.3 | Do 3 1070 7 3 40 rs EA Partridge creek 10 6 4 10 +3 1 46.49 2475 5-359 17.7 و‎ 39 1.3 Do > 10 6 4 Do 719 1. 4T- 89.1 1 43 37.1 P ' ' 64 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. APPENDIX C—Continued. Date. ¡Number of Station. Number of Reading of Difference. Chron. fast or slow camp. | chronometer.| chronometer. š of sidereal time. 1854. ki ue A e S A. ,و‎ Jan. 12 98 Partridge creek ۳ 10 6 3 x5 Do 2492 "A 08 1 22 35.5 10 6 ..6. 19 Do 1070 T bš TaT 1-48 52.7 Jen. 15 99 Picacho spring Ef 10 5 53 40 +3 3 7 Do 2475 3.-1 了 2-8 33 Do 10 5 54 47.9 Do 719 1..81...8 1-42 ‘18.1 Do 4 10 5 52 0 Do 2492 T. 14 35 1 22 25 Do 10 5 52 50 Do 1070 1. ` Ge Ze 1.000 14.7 Jan. 7 100 Picacho spring ----------- 10 5 27 45 十 3 3 4L55 Do 2415 2 41 33 2 40 12 Do 10 5 26 50 Do 719 T. .B. 984 1 42 84 Do 10 5:25. D Do 2492 6 47 39 1 22 24 Do 10 5 25 5 Do 1070 6 53 58,1 Legs "X1 Jan. 20 102 ‘Turkey trebol : 47 49 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 47 47 47 47 47 26 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle tt 2 4 0 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian.----------------- 47 49 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 4 38 18 45 Approximate magnetic declination ... 9 30 15 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION—No. 1. With marked end of needle, N. With marked end of needle, S. pole. š Therm Thermom. — Fahrenh' t. Fahrenh't. North end of | South end of North end of | South end of . needle reads— | needle reads— needle reads— | needle reads— ° , ” [o] , Hi [e] 0 , " [o] H " O 74 40 T4 55 75 74 28 74 23 75 East 74 30 IK A A A کی‎ 74 38 TE 45 °` PRA 74 28 ٠ ة2 پل و‎ 74 40 re 435.7 dux TE M JE 297 7 Lor بی اک‎ 74 82 Pe "250 Se nes West 7 18 39. d. EE 74 30 4480. NS 14 33 TE ME SL OP "4 30 74: 90 . _ موب ممیت[‎ Means 74 32 30 74 84 20 75 74 33 00 74 35 30 15 67 Mean of four results. 140. 33. 507 Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 10h. 25m. a. m. ; hour of ending, 10h. 45m. a. m. SC Les i 85 10 1 E Face west...... 1 85 14 1 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian...... 85 10 1 ¡ Face east. ..... | L 85 15 C RR EM. d Mean 85 12 15 | Needle (C) vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle by a mean of five observations--- - 93 53 12 | Needle (C) vertical, face of circle south， "reading of azimuth circle këng a mean of five observations.....- 95 31 48, í Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the idi : 94 42 30 à Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument in the true meridian 85 12 15 | Approximate magnetic declination ------ s ۱ 9 30 15 W. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. "1 OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22 48"; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.68. Needle, A. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 3h. 40m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. 6m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. A. W. Whipple. 0 r " 47 40 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 47 69 47 45 e $ 47 70 . Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 47 70 ¢ 47 ۰ Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 48 00 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 38 18 45 Approximate magnetic declination 9 41 25 ۰ OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. the vertical. | vertical. Fah. | the vertical.| vertical. Fah. (1) (2) (2) D ut o , NP. o ° , Eo مر‎ o 74 30 104 25 44 22 75 110 60 87 15 75 East 74 30 104 30 MA E سو سے‎ 110 60 ENT > مد تا‎ 74 15 104 15 48 JÉ سو ہے‎ 110 55 QE Ae ,-06, 74 18 104 00 Si O MA 110 58 A c3 سا‎ West 74 30 103 55 XE S88 ما‎ 110 58 WH ee. تتھ یں‎ 74 15 104 15 926۳ Rh ~ bs oe 110 53 | lE - اف ہک‎ o , " 0 , ” , "m ( 104 13 20 (1) 110 57 20 1 Mime 74 2 001 IM m 75 (Dar om 15 [e] , ” ° , ” Difference 58. 53 10 a L 8T ANE بی‎ dei | Half difference, or angle of de- o P ee y6 و از‎ flection 8 29-08 O Ti cod. Sia: O saat Se e] , " 0 7 " Sum of means 148 SM 380 وع عم او‎ MS 17 40 ^ uos a cr ” o H " Half sum — dip ee oua... 4: 8 GO خی‎ E 78 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48"; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Needle, A. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 12h. 25m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 25m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. A. W. Whipple. O , " 47 40 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 47 69 . 47 45 47 70 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 47 70 ; 47 67 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic idi 48 00 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 88. 18 45 Approximate magnetic declination 9... 41. 25: W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. Def. N. 40° from dip. | Def. S. 40° from dip. Face of circle. Direct. | | | Results. e ed Our Sp | E E at 34 23 |at 114 23 | at 34 23 | at 114 23 o , o 7 o d o , O r O , " 74 30 90 63 57 35 92 37 56 00 š - Fast TA 30 | 90 65 | 57 30 | 92 37 | 56 02 19 ہی 09 ہے‎ 74 15 90 602 51 7 92 35 56 05 b "s D a z (By deflectors. ; 74-48 90 60 57 532 92 56 00 Wetton 2592 2 74 30 90. 55 Dt. 35 92 56 00 74 15 90 55 57 87 92 28 55 fy 0 ۴ " o , ” fe) , " ara e 91 00 00 92 32 10 74 18 48 Mean Means 74 23 00 —— | 57 34 20 56 00 20 | ° , ” , ” Sum of means 148 34 20 148 82 30 š [e] , ” 0 , ” 2 | f Maras N e 1t . de E HM + +15 04 S | Index error. = Š š S = 3) 2 ies [e] , " Oo , " Difference e 33 25 40 36 3i 50 | 1 یز‎ o T » | o di " ° , ” Half diff. or angle of deflection... 16 42 50 18 15 55 74 33 52 | True inclination. : MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 79 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 422 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.68. Needle, A. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 4h. 15m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. 30m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. A. W. Whipple. [e] D ” í 47 40 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 47 69 i «6 47 70 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 47 70 47 67 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in magnetic meridian 48 00 10 ading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in true meridian 38 18 45 Approximate magnetic declination 9 41 25 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 3. Def. S. at app. dip. 74° 23/. Def. N. at app. dip. 74° 8 Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. fromthe Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the! Ther. the vertical. | vertical. Fahr. vertical. vertical. Fahr. o D o , o t o o , o f o 74 108 18 40 10 75 105 07 43 35 75 East -... f 74 30 108 28 do "19 Ka E. 105 05 43 ۰ 85 zante l 74 15 108 15 505 eet. 105 15 "E رم‎ 687 74 18 108 28 30 37 J. 32. 105 00 ES 0 West 74 30 108 28 a) “20 Nidia 105 00 ES ب‎ +4870 74 15 108 28 40 995 lo E 104 55 4128-429 cee E [e] , " [e] , ” | o , " eans 108 24 10 I vua 105 03 40 ^ 74 23 0 40 12 50 peer d 43 29 20 d | , ” Am B. پہے‎ Sum .... 148 ہی‎ QU — e Li 148 33 00 i D ° , ” ° 1 ^" Half sum — dip 14 18 80 — Su sss ae Oe ss. : acr " 1 o , " Difference. 68 11 20 | NEL X4 ` oco وا‎ S : SE b ER Half differen gle of de- ~ d O 34 05 40 ۳ 30 47 10 80 d. ۱ MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. ! OBSERVATIONS—Continued. | Station. Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.065. Needle, B. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 5h. 40m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 6h. 20m. p. m., Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. A. W. Whipple. [9] , ” 47 00 | Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading-of azimuth circle 47 29 ۱ 47 07 48 26 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle AR 15 48 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 47 49 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 38 18 45 Approximat gnetic declination 9 30 45W. | OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. Def. N. 409 from dip. | Def. S. 40? from dip. Face of circle. Direct. - Results. oF QT 4 (e E ۲ | at 34 26 | at 114 26 | at 34 26 | at114 26 | ny [o] 7 [e] 9 fe) 7 ° , ° , [o] ۶ n T4 0 94. 74 92 97 56 15 ۴ East 74 28 | 91 30 | 57 10 | 92 28 | 56 15 74 25 50 | Direct. 74 25 91 30 57 10 92 28 56 15 m 2 -I Dë s, oo 40 | 74 21 30 d deflectors. Ra Wott ees] 74 30 91 28 57 08 92 25 56 15 Ow» ERAS , " o , e o 4 gé m-or 39 92 . 20 20 74. 22 00 Mean NOME. tu pa iae 74 25 50 一 一 —— 57 و‎ .50 DE” 18. 40 ۱ o , او‎ ^ [e] , ” Sum of means 148 37 20 148 43 00 i x ie = $ O " [o] 2و٦‎ " += . . Index error. Half sum 一 dip 74 18 40 4-9 59 TEM Ë j | | E fo] , ” ° , ” | Difference d 34 19 40 36 09 40 x 0 7 " O , m [9] ۳ “ Half difference, or angle of de- | flection - ER 17 09 50 18 04 50 74 30 48 True inclination. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 81 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 42° 22' A8" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Neede, B. Date, August 9, 1850. Hour of beginning, 6h. 40m. p. m.; hour of ending, 6h. 50m. p. ۰ Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. A. W. Whipple. 58 02 ں_ ت 0 , " 47 00 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 47 29 47 07 48 26 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 48 15 48 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 47 49 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 38 18 45 Approximate magnetic declination 9 30 45 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 1} gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. toward | Def. from Ther. | Def. toward | Def. from | Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical ah. (1) (2) (1) o , 0 Lë , o o , o , o 74 30 79 55 68 55 75 104 00 44 35 75 ۱ East...... 74 28 80 05 وو کہ یا ہہ‎ - 104 05 Ter Let eo 2 5 | | 74 25 80 07 @ d Lx j 104 5 u S Las x 74 وو‎ | West | وو نووا‎ | 74 20 | | | | o 7 ” o L " o , 80 01 10 (1) 104 01 40 l ہیں گی‎ Mi تی‎ "usc (eui: از‎ HEV ENS TZ [ [e] , " o , LÀ Differences A Ho 8939 7 PB MW 1... 1 B ۳ o D " o , " ] Bp cóc: or angles of de- TE" — e a ور‎ ¿All , ” 0 , > 1 | Sum of means is $ وو‎ 1 — ws ک8‎ S lo | i & 2 ” d c au di ۱ ۱ Half sum — dip 74 12 40 س د د‎ 34 c6 25 کے‎ 9 | 82 r MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. Station, Albuquerque, Camp 59 ; latitude 35° 5’ 50"; longitude Th. 6m. 31. 47s. Needle, C. Date, October 17, 1853. Hour of beginning, 1h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 2h. 30m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [9] , " [e] , 7 38 25 98 49 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 38-. 5 38 40 88 14 38 20 38 23 38 25 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 51 38 50 38 45 88: 13 Mean 38 27 10 38 32 50 38 32 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian........ 38 30 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian... --------- 51 53 14 OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION—No. 1. With marked end of needle, N. E With marked end of needle, $. 7 pole. S3 pole. zs Face of circle. B SE 38 38 North end of | South end of 85 North end of | South end of Bs š needle reads— | needle reads— š A needle reads— | needle reads— i E 0 , " 0 , " [9] [0] 4 " 0 , " í 62 15 62 18 76 62 38 ۳3 98 hee 27 East 62 28 68 30 se use . 222 62 33 $9..38— و فص‎ ae 89 l| 62 25 eb. وو‎ - os Lag. ہے ہے‎ 62 5 62 22 72 í 62 30 (0 5 سس اک‎ 7 62 35 EBER 35 dj cese “We. ced 62 28 6E ا‎ Pe tee oua 62 45 55 EE Loe eee l| 62 37 62 30 161 62 37 Os EE Means @ st" | e Y ed 62 S OIG 3 Q _...-..-- Mean of 4 results 620 30' 50" Station, Camp No. 59, Albuquerque. Date, October 17, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations | Time of observa- |Read'g of azi-| Computed azi- ing of azimuth are direct or by re- tion by chrono- | muth circle, | muth of Po- | circle when plan of flection. meter, No. 2475.| laris. instrument is in the irue vna و‎ A m. $. o , 0 š و‎ o EA West ا‎ pesa 3 21 30.5 52 40 1 00 13 51 39 g Direct 3 29 22.6 53 10 1 03 19 Se mun 1| Diet 8 52 6 42 ^D. g CONT و و ور‎ 1. pl $t E MR ھت‎ d x ER , by mean of two observat'ns.. 51 53 14 Error of chronometer + 1m. 17s. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 83 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Albuquerque ; latitude 35° 05' 50"; longitude Th. 06m. 31. 47s. Needle, A. Date, October 18, 1853. Hour of beginning, 12h. 15m. p. m.; hourof ending, 1h. 30m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] , " Í 38 51 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 38 21 ( 38 55 í 38 55 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 44 | 38 23 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magneti idi 38 41 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 13 21 OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2.5 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards whe P> Ther. tow: Def. from | Ther. the vertical. | the .| Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) D (1) (2) لی‎ ju. m Dar o Ogg? 6 Q o 62 20 87 58 36 50 75.5 94 45 29 50 14.5 East. 62 25 87 55 36 48 74.5 94 58 NS. او ان‎ ۱ 62 13 87 52 OE a EE 94 53 OR m mU | 62 07 87 32 36 28 15 94 45 29 30 75 West 62 05 87 30 26590. 1. xs 94 40 29 40 ااا‎ 62 00 87 47 36 25 75 94 23 29 42 75 | O x " 0 , " 0 7 ” M )1( 87 45 40 l Í (1) 94 44 00 } 75 eans 62 11 404 o 36 38 sos | D (2) 29 40 00 o 2 * 0 d " Differences seu LZ DEW L [e] , e" o , " me aa terae. or angles of ےو‎ 33 E loa BMW L... o ۳ e ° , ” Sum of means 124 24 30 ]-------- 24 24 00 |------- Ge ° , ۱ A سے‎ o F " Half sum — dip 62 . 13 6 02.194 00 “thee. 84 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp 59, Albuquerque ; latitude 359 05' 50"; longitude Th. 6m. 31. 473. Needle, A. Date, October 18, 1853. Hour of beginning, YA. 50m. p. m.; hour of ending, Zh. 35m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. CT e ” 38 51 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 38 21 88 55 38 55 Needle vertical, face of eircle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 44 38 23 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian------------------ 38 41 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 13 21 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. [ 3 á | Def. N. 409 from dip. Det S. 40? from dip. i Face of circle. | Direct. Results. Er egt رو‎ o +; at 22 12 | at 102 12 | at 22 12 | at 102 12 Ther. 759 0 , o , o , [o] H [e] , [e] 7 ” e 62 20 79 28 44 60 81 18 43 25 i b Fast 62 25 | 79 35 0 | 81 15 | 43 20 و زو‎ =a 62 13 79 30 44 72 05 43 28 š "UT 5 8 62 14 30 [By deflectors 62 07 + 29 20 44 8 81 02 43 15 A A 62 05 T 28 44 55 81 05 43 22 62 00 79 21 44 62 84 07 43 12 o , Hi ° , ” ° , " Ox, ۳ 79 28 00 81 08 40 62 13 35 | Mean Means 62 11 40 ——— 45 01 10 A3 20 20 0 , "n v o 2 Hi E A Daer > ` 29 10 124 29 60 9 ° xs ” 0 7 Di E Half sum of means — dip....... 62 H 35 62 M 30 + 5 04 š Yndex error. E € ۴ " [^] , ” o Differences -- 34 ` 26 50 Bn. wu - š à o P " o , " o r " Angles of deflectiom........—...| WW 13 25 Ho 10 | 62 28 39 | True inclination. D MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp No, 59, Albuquerque. Date, October 18, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. | tion by chrono- | azimuth cir- | muth of Po- | circle when plane meter No. 2475. cle. aris. of instrument isin the true meridian h. m. 8. 0 ۰ , " [e] , ” Direct 1.47 21.3 52 1 West {| Direct 1 sw] mw سب رب‎ Direct 1 $5 42.1 52 20 € { Direct 1 39 58.5 52 21 m 0 E Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is the true meridian, by mean of four observations. | 51 54 51 Error of chronometer + 1m. 295. Station, Camp 59, Albuquerque ; latitude 359 5' 50" ; longitude Th. 6m. 31. 47s. Needle, A. Date, October 19, 1853. Hour of beginning, 10 a. m.; du A j 11 a. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. d V. M Topographical BÀ A " : . 88 39 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle > ei 88 24 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 = Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian ------------------ 38 30 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian.....................- 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 24 31E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 3. | Def. S. at app. dip. 62° 9. Def. N. at app. dip. 62° 9’. i Direct. TM ee * Def. towards |Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards Get from the| Ther. the vertical.| vertical. Fahr. | the vertical. | vertical. Fahr. 1 | | o , O , " 0 , " ° o , " | [9] , " | Š 62 20 | 96 60 27 17 74 | 99 25 830 2 3 e. 62 15 | 96 62 E dE. ٦ NO 70 «62 10 | 96 M o3 . Se: 93 37 DM A Loc 62 7 | 96 65 27 10 72 | 93 15 | 30 53 13 West - 62 2 |96 57 SUN 6 93 18 8 رو‎ 62 0 |96 61 oS € 1. 93 23 | 5 4 — 1. Means. 62 9 | 9 0 7 16 20| 75 | 95 24 30 | 30 51 al 73 Far 16 ELI oues |-------- 30 51 | | Í lea Sum of means. 124 16 20 | 124 16 10. | 5 Half sum — di e 8 10 | @ 8 بس تس اوھ‎ Es Difference of means ELS 69 43 40 | 62 32 Mil | 一 一 一 一 Sech | Half dif. — angle of deflection و‎ A | a 46 25 | 86 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS Continued. Station, Camp 59, Albuquerque ; latitude 350 5' 50” ; longitude Th. 6m. 31.47. Needle, C. Date, October 20, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. 15m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Marked end 8. P. Markedend N. P. . C , "m o , 22 38 57 38 33 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 98 27 38 02 38 47 38 30 38 19 38 67 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 37 49 38 17 38 15 38 44 38 25 40 38 32 10 38 25 40 [e] , " Reading of 9 的 th circle when plane of — is in the سن یم‎ eg vema 38 28 55 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of i t is in the 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 25 56E. 7 OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION—No. 1. With marked end of needle, N. | e With marked end of needle, 8 " pole. Ss pole. S3 Face of circle. SE SÉ ° og North end of | South end of | EE North end of | South end of | £5 needle reads— | needle reads— | | Š E needle reads— eer e سے‎ EET ° , ” ° , ” O o , 7 ° , ” 62 25 62 21 76 62 30 62 30 76 West. 62 28 کہ‎ y کروی‎ SEN EE 62 28 MARE a تس‎ s 62 27 وج ہہ‎ — EE 62 43 BEEN ^C Lo 141 62 25 62 28 T2 62 25 62 28 72 East 2 33 $23.36. es AS 62 13 وم‎ 1:2... 62 18 和 62 13 ERO o ad e urn Means | 62 26 62 27 74 62 25 20 62 24 74 Mean of 4 results 620 25 35”. | | | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 87 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 59, Albuquerque ; latitude 350 5’ 50" ; longitude Th. 6m. ۰ Needle, B. Date, October 21, 1853. Hour of beginning, 11h. 30m. a. m.; hour of ending, 12h. 30m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers [e] , ” 38 16 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 38 2 38 16 38 35 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 52 ` 88 52 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 38 32 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 22 41 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. | Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. j Def. towards | Def. from Ther. ds| Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical | Fah. | the vertical | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) o , o , ° , o ° , 0 , o 62 22 87 62 36 22 72 102 17 21 32 73 p FC 62 20 87 58 AU و‎ Rep Sh 102 7 Ae | فد مه دا‎ 62 28 87 65 ہا‎ 11 5. 102 25 Ji 49 i1... 62 10 87 55 325 7199]. 22255. 102 28 21 OO n West 62 25 87 65 EE Lau ی‎ 102 20 ZE. 48- [LL 62 17 8T 47 36 30 74 102 18 21 51 75 * ° , " o , ” (1) 87 58 40 } رت‎ 102 22 30 } Means 62 20 20 1 (2) 36 18 30 73 ری‎ 21:37. 20 Ve , ” o , " Differences DI 49 dO. -— 77 E 4 14 uoo [9] , , 0 r " Half diff. or angles of deflection. .......- ---- 25:80 $ + — p 4 M 86 1.——— LJ > [9] " 0 , H Sum of means HET U pl MS 509 50. Á LJ... caos o , Zë o , H Half sum — dip E ا‎ - p[.-—--- 61 59: 55 ^ JB. 88 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 59, Albuquerque ; latitude 35° 05' 50"; longitude Th. 6m. 31.475. Needle, B. Date, October 21, 1853. Hour of beginning, 12h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 15m. p. m. Observers, Lieut. A. W. Whipple and Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. š ۱ 388 6 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 38 22 38 16 f 38 35 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle I 38 52 38 52 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in ti idi g 38 32 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the irs idi 51 54 51 Approximate magnetic declination 13 22 41E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION— No. 2. Def. N. 409 from dip. | Def. S. 40? from dip. Face of circle. Direct. | Results. 6c E وخ ہت‎ at 22 20 |at 102 20 | at 22 20 |at 102 0 š ony O OT poc Oc Qc y 62 22 79 60 44 35 80 60 43 35 : Fast 62 20 | 79 60 | 44 37 | 80 68 | 43 30 DE OM LE 62 28 79 58 44 40 80 62 43 33 - i à 62 16 40 Ss. | 62 17 40 | (By deflectors. 62 10 79 45 44 35 80 57 3 32 West 59 anki 62 25 79 44 40 80 60 43 7 62 17 79 52 44 48 80 58 0 o + ” 0 , " 0 , " [9] , Ki 79 54 10 81 00 50 62 18 10 | Mean MORAS ےئ ہے‎ 82.1 62 20 20 一 一 44 39 10 43 34 30 o , ” fe) , " Sum of means 124 33 20 124 35 20 Ss 0 I “H ° , , E Half sum — dip 62 16 40 62 17 40 + 8 48 | Hndex error: T E o ° , “ o 1 H o ITT TEE ٦ 15 50 37 17 40 Half > seme. — e o d 2 o f " E EE e flec مات ند‎ H. S 30 18 43 10 62 26 58 | True inclination. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 61, Isleta ; latitude 340 54' 27". 06 ; longitude Th. 06m. 40s. Needle, B. Date, November 9, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. p. m. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle’ Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic H Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination 13 15 25 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Face of circle. Def. with wt. 1 gr. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. towards | Def. from Ther. Def. from | Ther‏ ی the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. the vertical. | Fah.‏ 5 )2( )2( )1( gu pc or SC? o‏ 12 62 East 62 15‏ 08 62 8 .,. می y: xm. MORE E e BEDAE‏ 35 49 18 62 West 62 2 49 38 EE Lore "ZE ` gr 8‏ 53 08 88 58 74 37 49 20 :62 [e] , " o , " | 7 " o‏ } 40 31 36 )1( 40 36 49 )1 e 62 15 40 d "i 74 54 2| | (2) 88 04 20 »‏ Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 8 48 x‏ Cor. f‏ : Deduced inclination...........- 62 24 28‏ o , " "‏ tr ta as 40 1 d‏ وت Differences. 25 17 w‏ o , " "‏ Half diff. or angles of deflection 12 38 50 PA 46 20 Loos‏ Sum of means Ji BD M |- 36 00‏ | | o 7 7 " |‏ Half sum — dip B8 D s» |... 18 00 eM‏ e 12 m‏ 90 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp No. 61, Isleta. Date, November 9, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- Bedae of “compat azi- | | of azimuth direct or by reflection. tions by chro muth cir fPo- | circle when plane nometer No. 10. cle, ofinstrumentisin | the true meridian. { h m 8. [0] , " [0] " | 0 , " Direct 0 29 09.5 | 58 44 00 adis Direct کک تاج‎ aw | o کر‎ | diii eos e Reflection Reflection ...- | | Reflection | | Reflection | East Direct... | 56 28.6 | 58 43 00 Direct | IW ea وی جو‎ HE © رد‎ — Reading of th circle when pl finst t thet idian, by mean of four observations. 59 57 55 Error of chronometer + 2%. 33m. 00s. Station, Camp 63, Rio Rita. Date, November 12, 1853. - OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. "Whether observations are x: of observa- | Reading of ‘Computed azi- Reading of azimuth direct ir وس‎ ction by chro- | azimuth cir- mut Po- circle when plane ech de 10. cle. of instrument isin the true meridian. | Ae e 01 E e O Nm $ ç ۶ irect 4 44 56.1 6 02 29 54 95 382 06 West | Direct > 3 | Reflection | E U Reflection | Reflection 2 er Re flection 7 Tut | Direct 4 49 08.1 6 27 31 49 95 55 1 |! Direct Reading of azimnth circle when plane of inst tisin the true meridian, by mean of two observations-| 95 43 38. Error of chronometer 十 2h, 34m. 53s. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS.. | 91 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 63, Rio Rita ; latitude 35° 01' 097.91 ; longitude Th, 8m. 57. 18s. Needle, B. Date, November 12, 1853. Hour of beginning, 10 a. m. ; hour of ending, 10h. 45m. a. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o D " š š í 82 08 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 82 20 | : bo 09 | { 81 41 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 82 05 ( aa Reading of azimuth circle when plane of دس‎ is in the magnetic meridian EE 81 57 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 95 43 38 Approximate magnetic declination 13 45 58 E OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 1 gr. Def. with wt. 1} gr. Face of circle. ہی‎ ka DIP ۳ Def. towards às Det. et Ther. | Def. موی‎ | Det. ین‎ a the) Ther. the vertical. Fah. | the ioe Fah. - 0 ` d (1) SCH b. Lor , y Gy 0 o. x 0 y o 63 08 15 33 50 35 70 s2 08 | 44 20 69 East... 63 05 75 45 OA LC UM BN" Se جو‎ e سے وس‎ 63 0 75 8 09ج‎ 25/ ` E سے سے‎ | 82 1 e > gn eee 63 15 75 45 M AR Lum us "SR E me CHER West 63 10 15 48 | jpg 390 |-------- | 82 16 ^| 44 10 [......- 63 05 75 40 50 07 | 78 | 81 55 | 44 15 15 1 | | | [e] poH ۲ 0 d " | | , ” 9 ۱ () 75 40 40 | (D 82 08 40 | Means 63 08 50 V o 50 25 50 | ^ 1 (2 44 10 50 ” 4 Moda dm ps n | Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 Gau Deduced inclination 63 17 38 o , " [e] , " Difleraneos. o5 c4 وک‎ e e| سا‎ lacus 2b 14 50 — |-------- 37 57 50 - E O , ” 2 Oo , " i Half ditt. or angles of deflection... ` BOS |...———— js 58 56. سس شا‎ 0 , " r ” i Pun of means. a o [oo i e TE WM o [a 126 I A سے یما‎ 一 一 一 Ee | o r ” | | o e e l } BP WW ^ 999287720 Half sum — dip و‎ am 63 03 15 >> 63 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 64, Covera ; latitude 35° 05' 22". 10 ; longitude Th. 09m. 45s. Needle, B. Date, November 14, 1853. Hour of beginning, 2h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 3h. 15m. p.m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0 , " 56 36 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle j 56 52 56 35 51 10 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle | 51 12 57 05 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian.................- 56 55 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 70 44 18 Approximate magnetic declinati 13 49 IBE OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. e Def. towards| Def. from Ther Def. towards | Def. fro Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. ` (1) (2) (1) (2) E BO oe ci Gus 2 ° ° , e SE, ° 62 ` 20 87 45 36 25 76 94 45 29 23 76 East 62 15 87. 50 WS. J. 1. 2. 94 40 29 20 lod 062 23 87 55 UE UU O E TA 94 25 Achs ` 1. 55228 a و‎ 88 03 d > 920 94 45 اکا‎ Las. E West 62 18 88 05 28 340 1 .مہ 20 29 35 94 سے ہر‎ su 62 10 788 00 . کے‎ 81 94 38 29 17 81 oj H Ou ° ° , ” O 1 87 56 20 78.5 1) 94 ۰ 38 00 - M 62 1 ( l . (1) p ۳ | (2) 86 2۵۵0 | | 67 d (2) 29 17 10 ech: [i “ Cor. for index error of needle---| + 8 48 1 o , "m Deduced inclination...........- 62 26 28 o , ” ° > " Differences 上 30 50 Paria 65 20 50 ANA [9] , "n o 7 " Half diff. or angles of deflection 25 45 45. "kamen 32 40 as ALAS [o] , " o , " Sum of means Së, E Sy C NE 199 667-10 | oi ° s ° ' " Half sum — dip Si, Ë “fo SB diese ot و کر کت ری‎ | | | | Al MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. | 93 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 64, Covéra. Date, November 14, 1853. (i OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- Reading of | Compu ted azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chron- | azimu pay cir- | ig کا‎ circle when plane | ometer No. 10. of instrument isin | | the true meridian | t | m. D o , H | [e] 7 Hi [e] D " Direct [- Al 7 69 08 | 1 11 A 10 25 40 Ab | 1 | 43 5 69 09 | Reflection | ee en E | | | | Reflection | Reflection | | | A ee ee eege i a Fae eS Mele ton Diem m doo a Direct | 45 50.6 69 46 || Direct | 47 24.5 | 69 48 30 | 1 15 42 | 11 o2 57 | : Reading of azimuth circle when pl f inst tisin thet idi e | 70 44 18 Error of chronometer 十 24. 35m. 51. 5s. Station, Camp 65. Date, November 15, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. s. ag و ود دی‎ mre Time of observa- — < ا‎ e azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflectio tion by rg muth ci uth of Po- ien when plane ometer No. d Tukin. instrument is in the ie meridian. A m. D O D 0 r , o , " Direct 1 05 31.4 42 10 x dee 1 07 20.8 sw m mim West ۳ l Reflection مدب چا‎ Reflection : East | 1 00 00.9 42 30 E : 1 L| Dire 1 01 33.2 Br >” mw "BRL d! p 41 1 1 1 £ & + la in 1 tri idi , by 1 ff b ti 43 29 39 94 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 65, Hay Camp ; latitude 35° 4’ 59". 69 ; longitude Th. 10m. 36.85. Needle, Bag Date, November 15, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. 45m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. : Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination A p AAA NNO‏ ده = == > ډب‎ bo e Ca e e Ku a e OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Instrument-stand rested upon a bed of lava during these observations. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | : Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. the vertical. vertical. Fah. the vertical. vertical. Fah. (1) ) (1) (2) ° , ° , “O , ° [o] 9 , o 352.85 63... 10 7 8 65 11 30 30 65 East 35 3 63 15 SS NUN E TL 25 uo ASE 85 0 63 08 T JE AA Tl ^80 28 |... Causa . 85 23 63 30 TO LII ce CL 33 qb 1022. West 85 63 20 人 TAS BT E EE 35. 90 63... 28 T 208 65 71 40 38 65 , " "m [o] 0 7 " M () 63 18 30 GY TE 34 90 eans € 1 (2) 7 14 0 65 (2) Mier pocos | | Corr. for index error of needle..| +8 48 : [e] , " Deduced inclination ........... 35 39 08 o , ". [5] r r Differences B6..04 J] e E 40 89... ` a " 0 , ” O , " Half diff. or angles of deflection dë En را‎ Oe a OU. 85 289 60“ yp | O , " | 0 D " Sum of means = 70 32 50 LS A nou ۱ O , ” ۱ 0 , " Half sum = dip leese ee 35 16 25 7000007 $6 94.40 — Luscwsz- A 1 E Kee | dl | e MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 95 £ OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 67, Agua Fria ; latitude 35° 01 35". 56 ; longitude Th. 11m. 53s. Needle, B. Date, November 17, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending 10m. p.m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o H " 1 { T 8 Y Needle vertical, face of circle north,reading of azimuth circle ۲ 19 | e 0 Í 7 46 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle | 7 35 7 41 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic idi 7.82. 0 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 20 57 42 Approximate magnetic declination 13 25 32E, a OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. ` Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 22 gr. Face of circle. Direct. š | E Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. » the vertical. vertical, Fah. the vertical. vertical, Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) o , 0 f 0 7 [e] O H 0 , 61 60 87 45 36 05 46 94 15 28 50 46 East. 61 50 87 5 ENS Pere 94 20 28 4T bessen 61 70 87 45 86. "08 — Leger 0 94 25 28 60 | nee S aae E 61 55 87 28 85 "507 Tum i sl 94 15 29 8ی و‎ West 61 57 87 30 Nm Ee | 94 20 COME TD +2 61 45 87 25 35 58 46 | 94 18 28 48 46 [e] , ” 1 0 , ” á ° , ” ۳ 1) 87 34 40 (1 94 18 50 1 Menem "n e d 2) 36 02 20 } سے‎ 1 (228 48 20 As x | * u | Corr. for index error of needle...| +8 48 | * o Fo | Deduced inclination. ---------- 62 04 58 o , " [e] , " 5 | Differences TEE 1 eer ew Ww LI | ok * š o 7 " [e] , " Half diff. gles of deflection 25 46 B Le. 33 45 15 8 30 790 E ud fe} r " [e] , rm Sum of means 123 37 00 ampara 123 07 E [.....-.. ۱ o , Ki | ° , ” Half sum — dip 61 48 20 GS | 61 33 BE OL. I و‎ LI uuu 96 | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS— Continued, Station, Camp 67, Agua Fria. Date, November 17, 1853. še OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | Face of circle. | Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | “Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. St des chrono- | azimuth cir- Po- | circle when plane r No. 10. cle. Mte: of instrument is in the true meridian. | Wa ی‎ cuo ab وف بس‎ | ا ئل‎ 3 28 67,8 20 39 SE | | 8 29 56.1 | 20 4l Ke E ےت‎ ES | Reflection | | [x | Es 7 ۱ East 1 bi BBE 52.5 20 56 L| Direct | 8 24 22.9 | 20 9 S PT | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations 20 57 42 Error of chronometer 2h. 38m. 14. 9s. Station, Camp 68, Inscription Rock. Date, November 18, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of dieu go azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection tion by chrono- | azimuth cir- f Po-| circle when plane meter No. 10. cle. جا‎ of instrument is in the true meridian. À m. E 0 , 7 " [e] 7 m Direct L 09 47.5 38 47 West repr sal Reflectio 8 『 Reflection ža Red ee o l Z oe E ak Le East Direct TO 13 39 00 l Direct 1 05 36.1 39 00 2119 29 : 40 10 29 "D KO g f D 41. D 1 LN pl ge L fe FE 11 A. . 3° 1 by mean ën observations | 40 02 24 Error of chronometer 2h. 39m. 24.943. ar MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 97 Station, Camp 68, Inscription Rock; latitude 350 2' 40".86 ; longitude Th. 12m. 51.25. Needle, B. Date, November 18, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m.; hour of ending, 5h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. ° , ” 27 18 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 27 27 14 : fp mo Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 27 01 | 27 0 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 27 05 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 40 02 24 Approximate magnetic declination 12 56 64 ۰ - OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards| Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) oi gear اوت‎ ° ice Oit o 61 58 87 58 35 0 43 94 15 28 655 43 East 61 53 87 55 A e O 94 20 Ea الہ و‎ 61 55 87 60 5ک‎ 7:50 E POS 94 15 TA 61 57 87 50 وا‎ 48 ana 94 25 . ے .لا‎ 2 86 West... 61 50 87 45 S0 و دحا ید[‎ 94 30 aM Aou. 61 50 87 40 35 55 43 94 31 28 48 43 | ° , ” [e] , " O o , ” 0 (1) 87 51. 20 1 (1) 94 22 40 } Means. | 61 53. bé d (2) 35 49 20 } 43 110) 28 46 20 n t Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 8 48 : [9] , " Deduced inclination...........- 62. 2.88 0 D Di o , ” Differences. : 52.02.00 E ۳۳۰ وھ‎ ` FE سو ی‎ 了 Half diff. or angles of deflection.-|------------ 26 01 00 |-------- 32 48 10 |-------- [e] D ” [e] , " Sum of means + ca 4 4 ....... 123 09 0B. — anes - w Oo Lé Ld o Lé " Half sum — dip 8H MS L...- HM wx» ؤ‎ 7 98 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued, Station, Camp 70, Zuni river; latitude 35° 05' 41". 88; longitude Th. 14m. 35. 56s. Needle, B. Date, November 21, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. p. m.; hour of ending, 3h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0 , " 88 35 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 88 44 88 8 88 45 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle | 88 60 88 57 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in t ti idi 88 49 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the "5s meridian 102 13 24 Approximate magnetic declination 13 23 34 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. x Def. with wt. 2 gr. ` Def. with wt. 23 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) o v» تی‎ ots; o , qe o 61--55 87 50 36 02 73 94 15 28 59 73 East |-761--50 87 53 96.08. ¿lus id 94 20 28 0۵0 Lara 61 58 87 50 88 01 E 94 25 28. 60. . |... 61 55 87 48 50:202 0و‎ 7 94 5 28 50 . |..------ West 61 58 87 50 26:700 و‎ 27 94 30 28 59 |....--.- 61 57 87 47 36 08 75 94 40 28 55 15 1 @ ^e" 0 1 7 o ° , H ° (1) 87 49 40 (I) 94 27 30 Means 61 55 30 d Q) 36 03 30 74 | (D 38 57 10 74 Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 eod Deduced inclination............ 62 04 18 ° 7 7 ° ` 7 Differences DE M D A 757 65° 80 20 |-------- DECEM M es فک‎ el Half diff. or angles of deflection 25-539 95 ` T 6 39 48 19 © ی٦‎ o Hn à [e] e “ Sum of means ; 133 08 1B 9: 128 24 40 = [|.------- E os rian B ^ Half sum — dip---- BEI 56:906. |. bue 61 42 20 sepe riim MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 70, Zuni river. Date, November 21, 1853. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- Reading of Computed azi- Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chron- | azimuth cir- | f Po-| circle when plane ometer No. 10. pie n | of instrument is in ۱ the true meridian. AC 28 Q aif | pk d CMM MT Direct 107 29 10 51 | 0 Direk 1 10 28.5 | 10 52 d dee Hw A Reflection | | L| Reflection | | | | Reflection | | Fast Reflection | | Direc 1.198 45.3 11 16 ۱ € i L| Direct i24 عو‎ A | oe * | 12 25 33 e | — و را ہے‎ AQUIS eo ONE Da CURIE SEAN LO Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations 12 13 24 Error of chronometer 十 24. 41m. 20s. Station, Camp 10, Zuni. Latitude 350 5' 41". 88 ; longitude Th. 14m. 35.565. Needle, B. Date, November 22, 1853. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. ` [e] , ” 28 38 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle j ei d j 28 30 Needle vertical, face of cirele south, reading of azimuth circle | 2 = 28 32 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument i is in the magnetic meridian Reading of azimuth circle when plane of eridian instrument is in the true mı OBSERVATIONS FOR VARIATIONS OF BAROMETER, THERMOMETER, AND MAGNETIC INCLINATION. Date. | Hoursand | Reading of |No. 790, cis- | Ther. | Ther Remarks. ute dip. needle. | tern barom- | Fah Att. eter. 1858. A m. 0 0 o : ۱ d Nov. 22 | 2 15p.m 61 55 23. 8 ee Clear sky ; no wind. 2 30 61 56 ` 23. "n CH eas 7 ' 98 FUERA . ^ ` "i n s= 973 ۳ TL Do. 3-mile gen. Me breeze. & 15 61 58 23.9 70 8 کے کون اوت‎ Do. 5-mile 3 30 62 00 23. 965 BEN LL. Do. 5-mi e eva 3 45 61 58 23.9 ےت‎ së Do. 4-mile do. 4 00 61 55 23.963 ری‎ e ue Do. 3-mile do. 4 15 62 00 23. 958 55D Lo e Do. 2-mile do. 4 30 62 00 23. 956 DEO |. Do. 2-mile de 4 45 62 02 23. 948 BEN Le Do. 2-mile do. 5 00 61 58 23. 940 59.0 |..--.--- Do. wind. 5 15 62 05 23. 934 ETE ' l... Do. do. 100 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. Remarks. Date Hours and | Reading of | No. 790, cis- | "Ther. Ther. minutes. dip. needle. | tern barom- | Fah. Att. eter. 1853. A m. رو ا‎ A i a Nov. 22 | 5 30p.m 62 02 23. 934 i BS E FRE 5 45 61 49 23. 924 DA 212 eso 6 00 61 59 23. 940 50. 0 41.0 3 6 15 61 55 Missed. PU umasa sasa 6 50 61 58 23. 946 48.0 43. 0 6 45 61 50 23. 940 45. 0 39. 0 7 00 62 03 23. 942 43.0 37.0 T 15 62 00 23. 954 42.0 36.0 7 80 62 05 23. 958 41.0 36.0 T- 45 62 03 23. 946 39. 0 35.0 8 00 62 00 3. 938 39. 0 35.0 EE 15 6 58 3. 944 39.0 30.0 8 30 6 00 3. 950 39.0 35.0 8 45 6 58 3. 950 39.0 34. 9 00 6 58 3. 950 8.0 34.0 9 15 [ 57 23. 950 38. 0 33.0 9 30 € 50 3. 944 31.0 33.0 9 45 61 50 3. 944 36.0 35.0 10 00 61 55 13. 944 35.0 31.0 10 15 62 00 13. 934 35.0 33.0 10 30 61 - 7 3. 930 35.0 35.0 10 45 61 54 23. 930 36.0 36.0 11 00 61 55 23. 930 36.0 35.0 Il 15 61 58 23. 926 35. 0 35.0 11 30 61 55 23. 926 34. 0 32.0 11 45 61 58 23. 928 34. 0 33.0 12 midn't.. 61 56 23. 930 33.0 32.0 Nov. 23 | 12 15 61 58 23. 932 34.0 33.0 12 30 61 57 23. 930 34.0 32.0 12 45 61 58 3 23. 8 33.0 31.0 1 00 61 59 23. 927 32.0 30.0 1 15 61. 59 930 35.0 35.0 1 30 GE 57 922 35.0 35.0 1 45 61 .58 ). 924 37.0 36.0 2 00 61. 55. 926 39.0 39. 0 2 15 61 57 ). 926 38.0 37.0 2 30 61 57 3. 925 36.0 34,0 2 45 62 00 3. 924 0 31.0 3 00 61 59 3. 922 .0 32.0 3. 15 61 55 3. 920 35.0 32.0 8 30 62 00 3. 916 34.0 31.0 3 45 62 00 3. 916 34.0 31.0 4 00 62 00 3. 920 35.0 34.0 4 15 61 58 23. 922 35.0 36.0 4 30 61 59 23. 914 35.0 36.0 4 45 62 00 23. 912 36.0 31.0 5 00 61 55 23. 911 39.0 37.0 6 15 61 56 23. 910 39.0 36.0 5 30 61 58 23. 908 34.0 29.0 5 45 61 59 23. 906 32.0 26.0 6 00 61 55 ). 905 29.0 24.0 6.15 61 57 23. 914 28.0 25.0 6 30 [ 58 23. 926 26.0 24.0 6 45 [ 55 23. 924 26.0 24.0 7 00 [ 51 23. 936 26.0 26.0 + 1 [ 59 23. 936 27.0 23.0 7.30 ( t 23. 938 7 45 ( 58 23. 940 8 00 61 55 > > ME AMS 34.0 8 15 61 56 954 36.0 32.0 8 30 ( . 960 35.0 35.0 8 45 ( de .970 36.0 38.0 9 00 a ) .972 38.0 40. 0 9 15 € ) . 988 43.0 47.0 9 30 ( ) ). 994 45.0 49.0 9 45 ( 7 :. 995 46.0 51.0 10 00 ( ) 3. 996 47.0 53.0 10 15 € j :. 999 51.0 58. 0 Clear apen ; no SES: 5 5 D S 5 ۶ 5 5 5 ۶5 5 5 5 5 > 5 5 E 3-mile easterly wind. 2-mile southerly breeze. no wind. 3-mile southerly wind. no win 2-mile southerly breeze. no wind. 2- ses وٹ‎ breeze. 2-m Smile easterly keai: 3 SCH northeasterly 1 breeze, 4-mile easterly bre 2-mile southeasterly 1 Eege, 2-mile easterly bre ھک وس مس وید 6-mile‏ 8-mile‏ 12 mile easterly "breeze. 12-mile do. 12-mile do. ] ] 10-mile do. : ] 2-mile do. |4-mile easterly breeze. [2-mile do. 14-mile do. 15-mile do. 9-mile northeasterly breeze. )-mile easterly breeze. j-m A do. > mile do. 5-mile northeasterly wind. 12-m do. 12-mile easterly wind. -mile do. 12-mile do. 14-mile do. |4-mile easterly wind. 14-mile do. L-mile do. -mile do. »-mile do. »-mile do. ;-mile do. -mile do. )-mile do. ?-mile do. [2-mile do. 12-mile do. 10-mile do. 14-mile do. 14-mile do. 12-mile northeasterly wind. 12-mile do. 12-mile do. 12-mile do. 10-mile do. 6-mile easterly wind 6-mile do. 6-mile do. 4-mile do. 3- do 12-mile do. [2-mile northeasterly breeze. 2-mile do. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 101 Date. Hours and | Reading of | No. 790, cis- | Ther. Ther. Remarks. minutes. dip. needle. | tern barome- | Fah. Att. ter. 1853. h. 8 ٥ ٥ Nov. 23 | 10 30a. m 61 58 24. 005 54.0 60.0 | Clear sky ; € mile easterly wind. 10 45 61 53 24. 019 52.0 65.0 Do. o. 11 00 61 55 24. 010 57.0 66.0 Do. $ dio southerly wind. 11 ۵ 61 55 24. 004 62. 0 66.0 Do. no wind. 11 30 61 56 23. 989 65.0 68.0 Do. do. 11 45 61 56 23. 974 67.0 70.0 Do. do. 12 00m. 61 55 23. 984 10.0 12.0 Do. )-mile southerly wind. 12 15p.m 61 57 23. 992 12.0 18.0 Do. -mil do. 12 30 61. 57 23. 996 72.0 13.0 Do. -mile do. 12 45 61 57 23. 996 12.0 13.0 Do. 2-mile do. ` 1 00 61 55 23. 996 72.0 73.0 Do. -mijle do. 1 5 61 56 23. 996 12.0 72.0 Do. -mile do. 1 «80 61 58 23. 996 72.0 72.0 Do. ¿mile do. 1 45 61 55 23. 968 77.0 15,0 Do. -mile do. 2 00 61 50 23. 976 76.0 77,0 Do. )-mile do. 2 15 61 55 23.980 | 79.0 | 75.0 Do. )-mile do. I Station, Camp 70, Zuni river ; latitude 35° 05' 41.9 ; longitude Th. 14m. 35. 56s. Needle, C. Date, November 22, 1853. Hour of beginning, 1h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. O , ” 28 37 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle ۱ = 08 28 14 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ۹ ; سم‎ e Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic idi 28 23 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION—No. 1. With marked end of needle, N ms With marked end of needle, ۰ E 3 pole. $ 3 pole. © ® i as 842 Face of circle. E 8 Š 5 2 Ë North Lae - South end of 24 North end of | South end of og needle needle reads—| تا‎ | needle reads— | needle reads— | تق‎ o n" ° i o | 62 05 62 13 ور‎ East. 62 13 s 1B . |n | 62 00 rdi سس شا مر‎ | $ 62 00 Hn oi. | West 62 10 Ba. | 7 08 61 58 | ° , “ ° n H ° | Means. ^ à 62 06 00 | 62 04 00 76 | | Mean result for magnetic inclination 102 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 71, Arch Spring ; latitude 350 04 45". 10 ; longitude Th. 15m. 10. 39s. Needle, B. Date, November 26, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. lves, Topographcial Engineers. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in th 41,22 mi) Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def from the | Ther Def. towards | Def from the | Ther. the vertical. vertical. Fah the vertical. | vertical. ah. 1) 9 رم‎ | 9 o 4 o Li O 7 ° ° , ° f ° 61 48 87 30 35 45 55 94 10 28 40 55 East 61 50 87 40 85 458 ^ 5008 94 30 18 25^ کو ھا‎ 61 50, 87 25 qq 0 EFT a و گا سے‎ 94 15 28. dB ای ان‎ 61 47 87... 95 Bb. SD AO 8 94 25 وہ‎ : Nes ue West 61 45 87 45 D DE ee 94 20 3285 OB "TS EO 61 40 87 50 35 2 55 94 32 28 50 55 @ ۾‎ “ ° , Hu [e] o 4 + o (1). 7 0 (1 94 22 0 Meons..... 61 46 40 1 (2) 35 51 40 (2) 28 42 30 " 7 dé Corr. for index error of needle..| + 8.48 Oc 7 Deduced inclination ........... 61 55 28 o e: o 4 “ Differences 51 45 50 |-------- 65. 39 30 o 7 dr [e] 4 7 Half diff. or angles of deflecti 28 BE 0. - LLLI Sb 49 45 — bL. , dd o 4 " Sum of means 123 -39 — A48 | 1L us 1385 QE DO. di o 4 o 4 dt Half sum 一 dip 5 Uu “£ 35 L| E > 1 ے٠‎ hosce Night cloudy ; no observations on Polaris for declination. | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 103 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 72, Cedar Forest ; latitude 35° 1 13۷.98 ; longitude Th. 15m. 38.465, Needle, B. Date, November 28, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. 30m. p. m.; hour of ending, Ah p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] M" "n Í 90 06 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle ) 90 08 96 06 90 00 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle | 90 05 90 02 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic idi 90 04 30 Reading of amizuth circle when plane S instrument is in the true meridian .................--.-- 103 05 53 Approximate magnetic declination 18 01 UR OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. ` ç [ Def. towards | Def. from Ther. | Def. towards] Def. from Ther. the vertical. the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. (1) ) (1) (2) o D o 9 o , o o D o D o 61 33 87 40 35 7 56 94 03 28 25 56 East 61 28 8 a fee oe .. .. 94 05 99 Mais 61 35 87 45 SN a2 94 10 88 38 متا‎ 61 30 87 32 35 (49 Än 94 08 BLO 0 West 61 32 8T. 25 35۰1 38. dina 94 12 2 3 o6 61 31 87 30 | 35 3T 55 94 15 28 29 | 55 | | ` ° , “ ° , ” ٥ 1 p" o : (1) 87 33 40 l : Lë 94 08 50 l 5.5 Means 61 31 30 1) 35.35. 20 55.5 (2) 28 28 10 , a ë Corr. for index error of needle..| 十 8 48 ^ D a Deduced inclination ........... 61 40 18 s T , 7 o * " Differences 51 58 20 |-------- 6 4 ` Lll : o 1 7 ° , " Half diff. or angles of deflection. .|...........- 25o 0p M DE 32 50 20 ` [elci ; E o 1 " o , $“ Sum of means NEC M ی‎ MU. W^ to... o , " D Hn Half um سے‎ A e aere چا‎ PW M سپ و رر‎ 27 BW pL... 104 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 12. Date, November 28, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. ` Face of circle. Whether observations are direct or by reflection. Time of observa- tion by chrono- meter No. 10. Reading of azimuth cir- cle. Computed azi- muth of Po- laris. Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument isin the true meridian. A. 4 ra o d o , o 1 7 í | Direct T 48 021 12 00 SN Direc 1 49 13.9 12 00 Mi BA ۱2. مر سس‎ Reflection , Reflection . : Reflection . Fact 3 سید پچ‎ š : : š irect 51 21.9 2 238 Direct 1 52 05.5 12 24 "V 18 19 . ۲ 13 05 53 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations Error of chronometer + 2h. 42m. 46s. Station, Camp 73. Date, November 29, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chron- | azimuth cir-| muth of Po-| circle when plane ometer No. 10. | cl laris. of instrument is in the true meridian. Aan. Ws E Ee EE Direct 1-23 3 82 5 0 Direct 1 24 39.9 82 05 1 05 08 83 10 08 Reflection - - Reflection - 7 Reflection - SS Reflection - => East Direct 1 2f 38.1 82 30 Direct 1 28 53.2 82 32 l 0$ 5 83 34 35 Reading of azimuth circle when pl f inst t is in thet idian, by mean of four observations| 83 22 21 Error of chronometer + 2h. 44m. 11. 01s. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 105 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 73, Jacob's Well; latitude 350 03' 53".49 ; longitude Th. 16m. 56.388. "edle, B. Date, November 29, 1853. Hour of beginning, 5h. 40m. p. m. ; hour of ending, Gh. 20m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o H " ° ۱ Í 69 30 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 69 32 l 69 48 | f on Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 69 32 | 69 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the m li 69 38 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true ratem 83.22 21 Approximate magnetic declination 13 43 41E OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. | Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. | e] Def. towards | Def. from the! Ther. | Def. — Def, from the Ther. the vertical. ev Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) 0 2 [e] , o , [e] 0 , o , 61 50 81 50 35 30 43 94 18 38 88 کیو سے سر ا‎ East ...... 61 55 87 465 Sb. SS cn 94 20 48 0ص‎ 61 50 87 55 Bee OO Lo —- 94 10 18 33 dl í 61 50 87 50 ول‎ [I su 94 25 28 ۰ 88 9 West 61 45 87 45 BE ME AO 94 30 € € Loc ( 61 5 87 45 35 35 | 40 94 5 "e iss... o ” o ۰ " 0 " M (1) 87 48 20 1 )1( 94 23 00 } 00 eang 61 50 50 d (3) 35 37 40 41. (2) 28 35 20 Corr. for index error of needle... + 8 48 o D " Deduced inclination ........... 61 59 38 [o] 7 " o , 7 Differences 52 10 40 — ]-------- M و‎ LI š ° 0 i o , ” Half diff. or angles of deflection. _____ — aes 26 05 20 ”|-------- M59 0 . po o 4 ۳1 D " Sum of means 123 00 -------- 122 58 3*» سوہ‎ o وت‎ i [e] 1 > Half sum — dip > 61 43 00 Gen s كت‎ A 106 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. | Station, Camp 74, Navajo Spring ; latitude 35° 06' 19".44 ; longitude Th. 17m. 20. 65s.* Veedle, B. Date, November 30, 1853. Hour of beginning, 2h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 2h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Liew. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [o] 07 " 60 51 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 60 44 60 45 60 50 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 60 34 > 60 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 60 42 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 74 05 39 Approximate magnetic declination 13 23 .19 EK. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. | | : | Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. | Face of circle. | Direct. | | | | | Def. towards; Def.from | Ther. | Def. towards ` Def. from | Ther. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. the vertical. | Fah. | (1) (2) | (1) (2) S | @ d Qe ant | ° ° , ° , ° | 61 45 87 40 36 45 | 62 94 40 28 30 62 East 61 42 87 50 SU ME. 0 708 94 35 98 40 Q. sos s 61 50 87 40 SO RE Sa 94 38 28- S9 as I | 7 | 61 50 87 55 S LL. se 94--45---|— 189.40 - 4-4 > West 61 55 67 45 وہ‎ PO Ll. 下 | | 61 53 | 87 56 85 55 | 6t | 94 35 | 28 43 64 x e" ob و‎ R | o o e | (1) 87 47 30 || (1) 94 38 50 a ege 610 ] (2) 354135, j ری‎ sca d i # ,) x Cor. for index error of needle.... + 8 48 1 ° , “ Deduced inclination............ | 61 57 58 I o H | ° , ” Differences | 51 58 20 رما ظا‎ Gua. Ja | | ——— Š 8 ا‎ | ° , f | o , ” Half diff. or angles of deflection 25 59 10 E 3 00 50 ۰ [.------ ~ ° , ” , ” Sum of means "۶ ۷896 KE E N 123 16 00 .------- ` 一 | ° r " ° , ” Half sum 一 dip.--------------|------------ 61 48 20 BEE 61 38 00 _|-------- MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 107 OBSERVATIONS-— Continued, Station, Camp 14. Date, November 30, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. +07507 7 Face of circle. Whether اہ مو شا وا‎ are Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading muth direct or by reflection. | tion by chron- azimuth cir- | muth of Po- | circle when plane id meter No. 10. ` cle. m aris. of instrument ts in : | | | the true meridian. 1 | | | AA A -— Direct | 3 ز‎ 445 | mei MET | Direct. 2 08 36.2 زا‎ a "— | | ن یں دی توت‎ | | | š || Reflection .....- | Reflection .... | | | Fast Reflection | eta tee iet IC Geer Direct R E E o a, 73 30 | Ell Cowon S WS au, «Ww | WOW | | | Reading of azimuth circle when pl f inst t is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations 74 05 39 Error of chronometer 十 2h. 44m. 37. 9s. Station, Camp 15. Date, December 1, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- Reading of | Computed azi- Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chr ed | 5 Cir- om of Po- | circle when plane ometer de d 0.| 6 of instrument is in zi | the true meridian. | ۱ h. m. 4 4 fal ا‎ eres i Direct 2. 8 145 51 46 x | 2 39 06.2 51 47 HM لی‎ w 9M E Reflection 1 | Reflection East Reflection Direct 2 39. 16.1 52 07 | Direct 2 34 20.2 | 52 08 A bbe he | E A 3 Was ZER g £ . 41 de Ze + pl 1 gs 4 ta Za im El + idi ,by ff b ti 52 22 31 4 i Error of chronometer 十 2h. 45m. 31.9s. 108 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 75, Carriso Creek ; latitude 359 06' 32".35 ; longitude Th. 18m. 08.088۰ Hour of beginning, 4h. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 30m. p. m. Needle, B. Date, December 1, 1853. Observer, Lieut. J. C. lves, Topographical Engineers. 0 H " 38 48 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 38 32 38 41 j 38 42 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 40 Š l- a وو‎ Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in t ti li 38 38 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ës meridian 52 382 1 Approximate magnetic declination 13 53 ALE | OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 21 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther Def. towards | Def. from Ther the vertical. | the vertical. Fah the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) G ہے‎ o ار‎ d 2 o 0 , O 4 0 61 55 87 58 35 40 61 94 35 28 45 61 East 61 58 87 55 IOS" (ORIS Pop 94 55 28 48 |..------ 61 60 87 60 30:59. E 94 45 28 45 ]|...----. 61 53 8T 50 oO. 04 pho 94 40 28 35 |-------- West 61 58 87 48 EK سا بت | 40 28 0 94 0 ->.ء فو‎ 61 60 87 53 35 53 61 94 45 28 38 61 [e] , ” h- a H " 0 o 7 O Maid (1) 87 54 00 ^£ 0) 94 45 00 61 »- SS 1 (2) 35 48 0 = (2) 28 41 50 Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 0 , ” e Deduced inclination............| 62 05 08 [e] , ” o 7 n Differences i Td uoc 66 08 18 |.------ i > 0 , " o , KI Half diff. or angles of deflecti ZG $us ho e AN NE E O , " OH , "n Sum of means E Proa "ER NEE 123 26 50 |-------- ° , ” [o] , fr Half sum — dip کہ‎ Budd La t i 9 u L... MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 109 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 76, near Lithodendron Creek ; latitude 35° 02 01^. 83 ; longitude Th. 18m. 43. 26s. Needle, B. Date, December 2, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h, 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] , “ $ 56 36 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle - 56 0 | ( 5 37 $ 56 34 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 56 23 ( WW n Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian................... 56 38 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 70 8 Approximate magnetic declination 13 32 388 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. * Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2] gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. the vertical. | vertical. | Fah the vertical. vertical. Fah. (1) (2) | (1) (2) ° r o , o , o 0 , o " ٥ 61 45 87 .30 35 33 59 94 50 28 29 59 East 61 45 8T. 35 B0 Ao. 0و 40 94 تا‎ 78 61 55 8 NW ee O 94 40 2" 3 Lo. 61 48 87 30 35 30 | p 94 55 29 ماک و تھ و‎ West 61 45 8T 55 a IR 94 45 JE. E ee 61 50 87 58 35 35 59 94 40 28 28 59 ۵: + Wé 0 0 o 1) 87 41 20 (1) 94 45 00 l E EC 1 (2) 35 33 50 | دب‎ d ensa سی‎ رجا‎ Cor. for index error of needle... + 8 48 D | o! | Deduced inclination. ..........- 61 56 48 o ۳ " o , 1r Differences 562-0] BO ee داع ماه وا‎ 66 10 6 EN o , rr o , H" Half diff. or angl P3 HR M W Ug y co eke SS 93 0 3b eee o , " | o , “ Sum of means š 123 15 10 Keesen 123 10 50 سیت 0ھ‎ o 7 " | ° 1 : Hi TE uo. n 61 ^37 35 مس سوا‎ 61 35 25 0 110 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp ۰ Date, December 2, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether ere پا‎ are | n d TT enger of x Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflec imuth cir-| muth of Po- ircle when plane Ce cle. laris. instrumení is in | the true meridian. | Direct 2 43 55. 9 69 .29 8 West | Direct E E 00 09. 88 UN ud LE, T ! | Reflection | Y d (| Reflection | | Reflection | | Bact Reffection | | 1 Direct 2 6 69 52 | Direct | 9 49 a. is 2 69 52 | 30 09 TO 22 09 | ۱ ۱۰1 18 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations Error of chronometer + 2%. 46m. 12. 3s. Station, Camp ۰ Date, December 3, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are Time of observa- Reading of Computed azi- Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chrono- | azimuth cir- muth of Fo- | circle when plane meter No. 10. cle. laris. f instrument is in the true meridian h. m. 8. o , , H 0 D " Direct 2- 24° 53.5 69 05 41 08 69 46 08 West Direct ik | | Reflection - | > | | Reflection - ' ! Reflection - | - Fast . Reflection - | Direct | + کات‎ Direct ۶ جو‎ 4 | 69 31 40 02 70 11 02 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of twoobservations . 69 58 35 Error of chronometer 十 2h. 47m. 023,2. D | € į Y MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. TH OBSERV ATIONS— Continued, Station, Camp TT, near Rio Puerco of the West ; latitude 340 57" 506۳.58 ; longitude Th. 19m. 28.825. eh Veedle, B. Date, December 3, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 10m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 35m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] 1 " ۰ ç 55 56 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 55 i ۸ 55 و‎ e $ 55 59 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 55 60 ( s 7 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 55 58 30 Reading of azimute circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 69 58 35 Approximate magnetic declination 14 00 05E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. | Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards| Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) 2) Deg D. 7 Og ۲ | o e 9.» o $ 61 35 87 40 85 20 | 62 94 33 28 28 62 East .... 61 38 8T 42 85.138 al | 94 40 ` EE A (| 61 40 87 43 85: mctu | 9 30 "et o scs | | 61 40 8T 40 867 20 و‎ E | 94 32 NEN XE 6ع‎ West 61 35 87 33 o - cw ۰. WR ec 61 36 87 30 suu 20 | 2 | 94 36 28 10 62 | | O , "m , ” | o , " [e] (1 87 38 00 1 (1) 94 35 10 | 62 Means 61 $7 3 (2) 21 00 62 (2) : 28 19 30 Corr. for index error of needle..| + 8 48 | D | | in| | i t Deduced inclination ----------- 61 46 08 | | | | o , " | o , " i Differences 52 17 00 | EE 66 15 40 | خی‎ ge | | La , " | O , ” Half diff. or angles of deflecti 26 08 30 EAS c 33. 07. 60... EE سے‎ ° ” | o 7 ” Sum of means 3۳ e e A APA 122 54 Mus dre ° , ” | o , " Half sum — dip TES BEES | AN من‎ 112 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 78, Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 349 53' 01".95 ; longitude Th. 20m. 14.22s. Needle, B. Date, December 5, 1853. Hour of beginning, 2h. 45m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 3h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. O ۳ tr 9 53 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 9. 49 i 9 43 9: 41 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 9 44 ; "H 44 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magneti idi 9 45 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 23 26 02 Approximate magnetic declination 13 40 22 E. \ OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. 5 Def. towards| Def. from Ther. |Def. towards| Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) o 1 0 7 o ' o 0 , [e] , o 62 03 88 20 35 0 72 94 58 28 57 72 East 62. 05 88 25 382 99 ہے‎ ra 94 50 AR DD capos 62 10 88 10 Jas GU 1.0528 94 65 285 89 >=: bue 5 62 10 88 00 sa DU lui. Lo 94 55 28 00 5 مات سا‎ ize West 62 06 88 12 400: Lee, ER 94 58 28.413 | ¿ile 62 05 88 03 35 55 72 94 60 28 55 72 o 1 “ “ [9] o , ” o d (2) 35 57 00 9 (2 28 53 50 a Cor. for index error of needle-.-| + 8 48 EE ہے تک و‎ Deduced inclination. ---------- 62 15 18 3 Cis teg ^" o 7 7 Differences -| 52 14 40 G6. 03 ` 50. و‎ ss 1 M o 1 “ | 0 , ” Half diff. or angles of deflection 26 07 20 MR ass, EE et SE SE | [0] D Zë $ ” Sum of means RaQ: 08748" Lol 1339 BI 30 عوسی شاد‎ O , " [e] , "m Half sum — dip Of: M 30 — سے و ال"‎ 61 65 4b. . Lawcses- "e ii 1 O ee میں‎ MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 113 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 78. Date, December 5, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS, Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- “Reading x Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro- zimuth cir muth of Po- | circle when plane nometer No. 10. de laris. of instrument isin the true meridian, | | A m. 8. o ۳" , ” ° , ” Direct 2: IT DU 5 22 26 Ca Hä 2 18 56.0 22 27 هد مه‎ n," A e Reflection - | Reflection - | | Reflection - | Reflection - | we “erasa و‎ Mc oa L Mi Be 23 41 16 L| Direct 2 32 41.1 23 03 | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrumentis in the true meridian, by mean of four observations 23 26 02 Error of chronometer 十 2h. 47m. 56.4s. Station, Camp 80. Date, December 7, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | Face of circle. Whether — sks are. Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflect by chro- muth cir-| muth of Po-| circle hee Soe beet No. 10. m laris of instrument is in the true meridian. | m. [e] 7 , r o , ” Diet تھا یی‎ boa ید‎ 2 44 5 37 HH ہے‎ DE کات سے‎ 2 46 10.6 | wow "m Gem Reflection 2 ders Reflection | Fast -........... Dir 2 48 03.1 37 40 | 36 11 88 16 11 Direct 2 49 144 37 40 | i Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrumentis in the t kian, 5 e s MI Error of chronometer + 2h. 49m. 36. 5s 15 m 114 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued, Station, Camp 80, Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 340 59' 39". 19 ; longitude Th. 21m. 40. 60s. eedle, B. Date, December T, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. p. m. Observer, Liew. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0 , " 24 16 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 94 17 24 20 24 21 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 24 15 24 35 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ü idi 24 20 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the UIS meridian 38 00 19 Approximate magnetie declination 13 39 39 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. 3 Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) ہے‎ o P کے‎ 2 ° Go و‎ e v y o 61 40 87 51 85 30 58 94 45 28 20 58 East 61 48 87 60 | do ag hol. 94 55 28 dO Tor d 61 50 87 58 | 20798 a کا کی کی فی مو 20 8 45 94 کر‎ 61 7 8S 5d MM 94 8 38. ۰ Loses West 61 40 87 45 25-80 ےس تی جا ای‎ 94 40 28 20 1:55 lm 61 45 87 40 935 33 60 94 50 28 25 60 o , " ° , ” ° 1 ” o vw (1) 87 51.40 (1) 94 47 10 cans F پت ھب‎ | (2 35 30 50 59 (2) 28 22 30 s Cor. for index error of needle---| 十 8 48 0 D "m Deduced inclination 61 53 48 o , "n o 7 " Differences 02-20-50 SO o nu 66 24 40 [|..------ ; o , Mi [e] 4 D Half diff. or angles of deflection £306 سس‎ EE 3 9 0 ی میا‎ [e] , “ 1 ” Sum of means [v St oe my "EN 123 09 40 — |------== O " ° , ” Half sum — dip ھا 4 وم‎ - hoo E MI Lo : سسب ا‎ nn وو‎ y” MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 115 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 81, Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 35° 01' 21”. 03; longitude Th. 21m. 58. 81s. Needle, B. Date, December 8, 1853. Hour of beginning, 1h. 15m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 40m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. ° , , 1 40 43 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 40 38 40 30 40 53 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 40 43 40 46 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 40 42 ۰ Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 54 03 01 Approximate magnetic declination 13 20 51E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. | D rds | Def. from the| Ther. the vertical. | vertical. Fah. | the vertical.| vertica Fah. (2) (1) , ہے‎ wee Gre? o or GEES o 61 35 87 45 85 27 55 94 40 28 10 55 East .... 61 33 87 37 327899 a E 94 50 AO "AN ee 61 30 87 35 | 5 20 erue 94 43 28 ۷۰ هه‎ sa | | | 61 33 pe | a 20 20 94 40 CS Lo West 61 30 87 40 | i. are ee 94 45 25 - بش بت‎ 61 30 87 32 35 20 | 55 94 37 28 07 55 | | o , " ° , ۶ o o 7 " (1)87 37 30 (1) 94 42 30 } — aone | (2) 35 20 E (2) 28 09 20 SE Corr. for index error of needle..| 十 8 48 o , "m Deduced inclination ..........- 61 40 38 : ° , ” o 7 7 Differences 52 A O di 有 2 " , ” ° 7 7 Half diff. or angles of deflection 20 07 906. — fess- 93 16 3. ieee o , " [e] , " Sum of means I o M |......- 122 51 5 — ica coos o , " o , " Half sum — dip ie ہہ‎ 3 oL... 61 26 55 |........ 116 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. ORSERV ATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp 81. Date, December 8, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are ‘Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. by chro- | azimuth cir-| muth of Po-| circle when plane ی‎ No. 10. cle. laris. of instrument is in | the true meridian. À. m. 8. ° , 7 er o 1 “ ( | Direct 2 06 40.3 53 00 CS Direct 2 07 28.5 53 00 $6.8 59.308 Reflection PE. f | Reflection - Reflection . Kr ae O Reet NU 48 56 64 15 58 Direct 2 10 30.6 53 27 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations 54 03 01 Error of chronometer + 2h. 50m. 01.985. Station, Camp 108. Date, January 28, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir- muth of Po- سن‎ ee eem nometer No. 10. | cle. laris. of instrumentisin the A meridian. A m. o 1 0 " [e] ' "n ( | Direct 6 28 22.7 75 27 Direct 6 24 37.8 75 6 ik eR West ° Reflection we L Reflection Reflection Reflection ae East Direct 6 319 و‎ 75 43 Direct 6 25 49.6 75 43 a s m 74 35 6 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of inst tisin the t idian, by mean of fi b ti Error of chronometer 十 3h. 6m. 47.5s. Nore.—For the remaining magnetic observations at Camp 108, see page 128. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 117 Station, Camp 83, Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 35° 05' 18".26 longitude; Th. 22m. 12. 09s. Needle, B. Date, December 15, 1853. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Hour of beginning, 11h. 30m. a. m.; hour of ending, 12h. 30m. p. m. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle "Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. | | | Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from | Def. from |Def. towards the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) (1) o 7 o ? [e] ' o 0 ' 0 , o , o 7 61 38 87 55 35 18 43 94 40 28 05 20 00 102 25 o AE توق 50 87 42 61 موی‎ 0 94 35 28 10 20 05 102 30 61 40 87 45 36 22 میا‎ 94 40 28 12 20 05 102 32 61. 83 87 40 35 15. ]---..- 94 45 28 03 20 00 102 25 Woi nu T 61 30 87 40 35 20 |------ 94 30 28 00 20 00 102 15 61 29 87 50 35 25 41 94 40 28 00 20 02 102 25 Bc 3 0 r n o " | ° , zr 1) 87 46 40 (1) 94 38 20 } i (1) 102 25 20 } Means لی‎ 6L 95.20 1 2) 35 20 00 ۱ 42 | (2) 28 05 00 (2) 20 02 00 Corr. for index er- r | + 8 48 | Deduced inclina- | O ' ~ | tion 61 44 08 | o , ^" | [9] , ” [e] 7 11 Differences 52 26 49 o4 GER | 66 ss 20 82 23 20 Half diff. or angles o , " | | o , “ | ° i 7 of deflection 2 26 13 20 Kee 33 16 40 41 11 40 | | O 9 r | o d ” ° 7 Dy Sum of means ds -06 — 40 | EE | ۱99 —45 20 ns 4 M» | o , “ ° # “ o , ” Half sum — dip...|.-........| 61 33 309 L2 61 21 40 61 13 40 ۱ Night cloudy ; no observations for declination. 118 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 84, Rio Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 359 12' 02”.77 ; longitude Th. 22m. 29. 64s. Needle, B. Date, December 16, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. 40m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 10m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] , " 89 00 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 89 11 89 00 89 00 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 89 09 e 89 15 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ti idi 89 05 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the die meridian 102 45 18 Approximate magnetic declination 13 39 28 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards, Def. from | Def. towards | Def. fro the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) ger œ ¢ Gir? o ض. یچ ھ04‎ Gy + OR. 61 34 87 45 35 28 43 94 30 28 15 102 25 20 20 E سو اھ‎ 61 32 87 48 SEC ZO odere 94 20 28 20 102 15 20 12 61 40 87 50 55. 30 2. 12.22. 94 27 28 18 102 30 20 10 61 36 87 50 35۲ 98 |l. 94 5 28 0 102 25 20 15 West 61 38 87 40 385320. eL. 94 15 28 10 102 10 20 20 61 38 87 40 35 28 43 94 40 28 08 102 20 20 15 O , " [e] 1 Hi [0] o 7 Hi M (1 87 45 30 (1 94 27 50 (1). 103 20 a — "NOS i (2) 35 26 30 = g (2) 28 11 50 (2 20 15 Cor. for index er- q ror of needle...| + $8 48 Deduced inclina- | © “ tion 61 45 08 a ° , ” [e] 2 " 0 ^ , “ Differences 52 19 UU facs 66 16 00 82. 05 30 Half diff. orangles | o 1 , ° , ” ° , “ of deflection me —99 30 کک‎ cu s 33 08 00 41 02 45 o , 7 ° , wv o 1 “ Sum of means Bee D 00 3X 3 [L... 122 39 40 1923. 36 10 o , " o , r o 1 “ E" A "Ww M 3L. 61 19 où 61 18 05 dien کا‎ MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS Continued. 119 Station, Camp 84. Date, December 16, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | | Reading of pere حسم‎ azi- Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of اس‎ eer of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion “b¥ c o- | az azimuth cir- uth of Po- | circle when murs nometer Nol 10. | cle. laris. of air rument isin | thetruemeridian. | LJ | h. m. D [e] 1 1 7 0 1 t Direct 3.12 52.9 12. 15 Direct 3 13 48.0 12. 15 a 12 87 ا‎ West n a eflection ^ Reflection | | n iion | | East | یا‎ oe | Direc 8 08 44.6 | 31 | | | سیون‎ 5.10 20.9 | 12 33 | ۲ a SS | | | | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of four observations| 12 45 18 Error of chronometer 十 27. 51m. 27.255. Station, Camp 85. Date, December 17, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are direct or by reflection. Time of observa- | tion by chro- nometer No. 10. | Reading of azimuth cir- cle. Computed azi- muth of Po- laris. Reading of — pi m. 8. 4 E o 7 ” Direct 2 57 06.5 51 03 West | Direct 2 67 56.6 | 51 65 29 08 51 32 08 ) Reflection : ۱ L Reflection ! Reflection ! East f Reflection : ! | Direct 2 59 13.5 51 0 1 58 1 L| Direct 3 00 39.5 | 51 30 48 10 5 0 Reading of le wh 1 f t the true meridian, by mean of four observations 51 45 09 Error of chronometer + 2h. 52m. 26. Ts. 120 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 85, Colorado Chiquito ; latitude 359 18 11". 14 ; longitude Th. 23m. 31. ۰ Needle, B. Date, December 17, 1853. Hour of beginning, 4h. 55m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. 20m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] 1 “ oe 38 03 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 38 02 38 05 LÀ 38 405 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 38 3 38 03 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 38 03 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 51 45 09 Approximate magnetic declination 13 41 39E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. : 1 Def. towards | Def from the | Ther. | Def. towards ` Def. from the | Def. towards | Def. from the the vertical. vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. vertical. (1) Bcc» (1) (2) o 7 0 , [e] , ° ° , ° , $ o , 61 47 87 52 35 30 36 94 35 28 15 102 30 20 30 ANE AA 61 50 87 59 O80 Seuss 94 25 28 28 102 25 20 30 61 46 87 45 Soe ee map E 94 40 28 27 102 25 20237 ; 61 47 87 45 کت‎ 30. a 94 50 28 20 102 27 20 28 hor o مو ماب‎ 61 46 87 50 Z5 r. Lies 94 59 28 28 102 30 20 18 61 43 87 45 35 30 36 94 50 28 20 102 32 20 22 oe t [e] , rr ° ° 1 7 0 1 (1) 87 49 20 (1) 94 43 10 (1 102 28 10 | Monts دص ا ا‎ mm ] (2) 35 30 00 - (2) 28 23 00 (2) 20 25 50 . Cor. for index er- M ad ror of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclina- | 9 ^ " G _......-.. 61 55 18 ° , ” ° t 7 o 7 "n Differences, ---- وخ‎ cw تو‎ ^ Xen 66 20 10 st 02 20 Half diff. or angles O t A o e " o ' e? 2 of deflection - M Uu L»oos 33 10 065 A: wr ` o , ۱, ٥ y 11 [e] 7 “a Sum of means EM Jb ۵۷ھ۷۹۹‎ 128. 08. .10 I2 B4 DO o , Mi o 1 “ ° “ “ Half sum — dip 61 39 40 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. e 121 OBSERVATIONS Continued. Station, Camp 86, Colorado Chiquito; latitude 35° 20’ 54".12 ; longitude Th. 23m. 45.308. Needle, B. Date, December 18, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. 20m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 3h. 50m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0۰ r ” 39 12 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 39 12 3 89 12 1 i 39 18 | Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 89 11 | 89 15 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian.................. 89 13 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian | Approximate magnetic declination l | OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. | Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. ; Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Def. towards | Def. from the vertical.| vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | vertical. the vertical. | the vertical. 1 (2) ۱ 1 (2) (1) (2) Oo at 56 a e^ 2 ° Ee e et , ë م‎ í 61 58 87 43 85 45 40 94. 35 28 45 102 33 20 48 East 61 52 87 45 So. 9 سر ا ما‎ 94 20 28 48 102 28 20 55 ۱ 61 60 87 45 25 OR. 1...a9. 94 30 28 45 102 27 20 58 61 59 87 38 ab. 00" Te 04 28 28 40 102 28 20 48 West-......... 61 50 87 30 E ae 94 32 28 38 102 18 20 38 61 48 87 40 35 45 40 94 30 28 45 | 102 20 20 35 | ° , ” 0 D "m [e] , ” [0] , " سو‎ (1) 87 40 10 (1) 94 29 10 (1) 102 25 40 } mower ory ae E 61 54 30 i (2) 35 49 10 40 (2) 28 43 80 (2) 20 47 00 Cor. for index er- TTE ror of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclina- | © 2 tion 62 03 18 o , "n Oy D " o , ep Differences br Sl Oe LC 65 45 40 81 38. 40 Half diff. or angles [e] H " ° , , , ” of deflection S58 BB 4305 Lol. 32.62 0 40 49 20 o , " o , " [e] ۳ " Sum of means 129 29 وو‎ (3:1 Mg... 123 12 40 123 12 40 d o ۳ de o r " o ۳ a Half sum 一 dip DE. 44° ماک‎ o... Gi 36 20 i 61 36 20 122 . MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 91, PR latitude 359 16’ 48.7 ; longitude Th. 26m. 38.1 Needle, B. Date, December 29, 1853. Hour of beginning, 3h. 40m. p. m. ; hour of En 4h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. A. W. GA Topographical Engineers. ° , ” 87 01 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 8T 8 87 50 87 655 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle j 81. bT 87 65 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 87 41 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 101 34 16 Approximate magnetic declination 13 52 26 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | | Def. ibis Def. f Ther. |Def. towards| Def. from Ther. Ve Vertical. | the اق‎ Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. a (2) (1) (2) o mm o AS, o 79 o کہ‎ 2 5. 7 ٥ 61 30 94 30 27 52 44 102 28 19 45 44 East 61 28 94 37 WII ia ھا جس‎ 102 40 19.401.229. 61 27 94 30 2-504 EE 102 28 19.50... rime 61 15 94 .22 2| XD e 359922 102 00 19"-909 ee حم‎ West 61 28 94 15 27 58 15.00 - se 102 12 19 . 48 ۰ dices 61 20 94 15 27 40 38 102 02 19 0 38 o , " 0 ” 0 0 , ” [e] M (1 94 24 50 (1 102 18 20 cans um m | (2) 27 50. 50 4 (2) 19 40 30 n Corr. for index error of needle..| 十 8 48 [9] D "n Deduced inclination............. 61 33 28 i , "m o , ” Differences... b us o0 Ll جو و مر‎ 50." Bo 0 , " ° , ” Half diff. or angles of deflecti en I OEC ھا‎ 人 [e] , "m , " Sum of means BI O e. Eo iros 121. 58 50 — | 2 o , te o , " Half sum — dip تال‎ MU WER 42 60 59 25 [|.-.----- ` MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS。 123 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 91, Leroux's Spring. Date, December 29, 1853. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro-| azimuth cir-| muth of Po-| circle when plane i nometer No. 10. cle. laris. of instrument is in e true meridi À. m 8 ٥ : Od ° POM Direct 3 04 40.2 100 55 Reflection 3 Reflection f Reflection | Fast 1 Reflection Direct et 4 101 23 x L| Direct ومد یھ‎ 88 22 24 101 46 24 Reading of azimuth circle when pl finst t is in thet idian, by mean of four observations 101 34 16 ` Error of chronometer 十 2À. 56m. 57.06s. Station, Camp 96. Date, January 9, 1854. š OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. ۱ | š 1 Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- ¡Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth irect or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir- w sq of Po- circle when plane nometer No. 10. | cle. lar of instrument isin the true meridian A m. 8. , “ , ” ° ; Direct 5 20 46.1 $ MM BE bl 48 31 59 West. Direct Reflection Reflection Reflection East Direct 5 18 28.8 49 30 a. — Sealine fads icd ] f inst tisin thet idian, by mean of three observations 48 44 16 Error of chronometer 十 3h. Om. 9. ۰ 124 OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. Station. Camp 96, Cedar Creek; latitude 35° 20 35". 09 ; longitude Th. 29m. 18-۰ Needle, B. Date, January 9, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination ——————— mm mm mm ee OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. > Face of circle. Direct. Et Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards] Def. from | Def. towards | Def. from the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) E E ood 0 or o , o , ° , 61 55 87 50 35 50 44 94 45 28 40 102 45 20 42 INE 27 61 60 87 50 2D. 15.1. 1 94 50 28 35 102 35 20 49 61 58 87 55 Hub. 45 STE 94 40 28 35 102 20 40 61 60 87 55 E sn 94 55 a 28 40 102 35 20: 35 RUD MESSPONQN EE 61 59 87 7 NB WT 77 94 50 28 30 102 25 20 ST 61 54 87 50 85 55 44 94 45 28 40 102 30 20 30 £e " o , " o o , ” 0 , ” ü) 87 52 50 (1) 94 47 30 (1) 102 35 50 Means ---- ------ 61 57 40 1 (2) 35 49 10 4 (2) 28 36 40 (2) 20 37 20 Cor. for index er- GR ror of needle...| + 8 48 Deduced inclina- | ° کک‎ S Ln 62 06 28 O , ” o , " o , و‎ Differences Bard Lo 66 10 50 81 58 30 Half diff. orangles o , ” o , ” ° , " of deflection مو‎ SL تھق‎ — Ls 83 05 25 40 59 15 ° , ” ° , ” ° , Lui Sum of means 12s ` ZS A 2 133 . 94 10 123 13 10 o , " o , " o , " Half sum — dip.. 61 51 00 ”7828ء‎ 61 42 5 61 36 35 j - | SE in u MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 125 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. I Station, Camp 103, Pueblo Creek ; latitude 349 56' 31" ; longitude Th. 31m. 04.605. f Needle, B. Date, January 21, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 3h. 40m. p.m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o , " H 17 .25 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 17 50 CET j 17 28 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ۱ 17 44 17 41 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian - 17 36 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 31 36 14 Approximate magnetic declination 13 59 24E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Def. towards - wm the the vertical. vertical. Fah. vertical. vertical. | the vertical. rtical. Q) (2) (1) (2) (1) ° “ ° “ ° 1 o o 1 o , ° 7 ° t Í 61 05 87 40 34 40 45 94 12 27 28 102 07 19 15 East 61 07 87 45 i oO مر‎ 94 30 27 20 102 25 19 10 8 l 61 05 87 30 st An ac گا‎ 94 15 27 25 102 15 19 12 | š 61 03 87 30 BAL 94 25 27 30 102 15 19 15 ۱ ۰ ۰ Subs eas 61 00 87 33 st UR ES 94 25 21 25 102 20 19 12 61 05 87 40 34 40 45 94 20 27 20 102 17 19 10 e Bed ° / "7 ° ° 1 H o , u 1) 87 .36 20 (1) 94 21 10 (1) 102 16 30 Moreh سس ات‎ en) | st a2 30 | | 9 | 12 2 مه‎ | (2) 19 12 20 | Corr. for index er- TE ror of needle + 8 48 Tee inclina- | 9 ' | ed. ہے‎ 61 12 58 e] , “ ° , “ ° 7 “ Differences وق‎ "09. DO کک ام دا‎ 66 56 30 83 04 10 Half diff. or les o x = o , " o " 7 of "تھے‎ 206 26 56 ]---.-- 33.28 15 41 32 05 i o , “ o , "n o D " ii Bun dm 122 18 50 ERE 121 45 50 121 28 50 ° , ” ° , " o D ” Half sum — dip 1 04 ` `` ...... 60 62 55 60 44 25 126 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 103. Date, January 21, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLABIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of pee یه وا‎ Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir- nh of circle when plane nometer No. 10. | cle. lar of instrument is in the true meridian. À. m. 8. o " , " ° , ” Direct B AL Ga 32 Reflection ۔‎ Reflection . Reflection . Reflection . Fest - Direct | 5 45 26.9 32 30 ' “as Direct | 5 46 44.3 32 30 € : Reading of th le when pl finst t the true meridian, by mean of four observations 31 36 14 Error of chronometer + 3h. 04m. 14. 23s. Station, Camp 105. Date, January 23, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- ing of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection ion by chro- | azimuth cir- muth of Po-| circle when plane nometer No.10. | cle. of instrument is in the true meridi | h. m $ M oam 4 ` : | Direct 7 29 28:8 48 04 1 22 23.8 46 41 36.2 Direct West Reflection . es Reflection . A Reflection . € den Reflection . aan East Direct 0 rect 7 392, 13.1 48 20 1 29.33 46 56 37 Reading of azimuth circle when pl f inst the true meridian, by mean of two observations. | 46 49 06 rror of chronometer 十 3h. 05m. 14.155. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 127 OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp 105, Williams’ river ; latitude 340 59’ 25".55 ; longitude Th. 31m. 49.95s. Needle, B. Date, January 23, 1854. Hour of beginning, 2h. p. m.; hour of ending, 2h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o ‘ u > ° P * § 82 04 i Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 32 04 ۱ , UC ae , i $ 32 05 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 32 00 ( 32 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 32 01 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 46 49 06 Approximate magnetic declination 14 48 06E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 22 gr. | Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. n Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards” Def. from | Def. towards | Def. from the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. : (2) 1 (2) [9] 1 o 1 0 d o o 1 0 d , o 2 60 58 87 05 34 28 65 94 25 27 05 102 30 19 00 East 60 55 87 10 کک‎ ARAL 94 15 27 08 102 30 19 02 60 57 87 08 354 20 lasses 4 20 | 13 102 35 19 02 e 60 58 87 30 pe 20 AN keen 94 25 | 24 ۵ | 102 28 | 19 00 ` ۰ obe oris 60 60 8T .15 SI. 20. "a 94 25 | 27 10 | 102 20 19 00 60 55 87 30 34 28 65 94 30 | 27 12 | 102 25 | 19 05 B oy» ° 1 H DN F ° H a ° 1 7 E D S 17.30 (1) 94 23 20 } (1) 102 28 00 | SE 60 57 10| {O 3 34 40 95 | i(2) 27 10 30 (2) 19 01 30 Cor. for index er- d ror of needle ... +8, 48 Deduced inclina- | o ' ” tion 61 05 58 ‘ o 7 " Po. و‎ o 1 " Differences ہے‎ BS .35 sodas daa 67 12 50 83 26 30 Half diff. or angles e Lr T dms of deflection 26.36 106. E 33 36 25 41 43 15 o 7 “ o 2 “ ° , “ Sum of means 1231 41.00 —. |...--- 121 33 50 121 29 30 TETTEN, o D da 5 7 " o ç ایب‎ ` Half sum 一 dip 60 60 رر رر یں‎ 60 46 55 60 44 45 128 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS —Continued. Station, Camp 108, Williams’ river ; latitude 35° 06' 34".3 ; longitude Th. 32m. 50.155. Needle, B. Date, January 28, 1854. Hour of beginning, 1h. 30m. p. m.; hour of ending, 1h. 50m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] , ” $ 60 59 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 60 50 ¢ 60 Se $ 60 62 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 60 50 à 60 55 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 60 55 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 74 35 36 Approximate magnetic declination 13 40 16 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle: Direct. Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards, Def. from | Def. towards, Def. from the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) o 1 0 4 o 1 o 0 tt [e] H [e] f o 1 61 10 87 58 34 07 72 95 35 26 43 103 45 18 20 Mi کے بے کے‎ 61 08 87 62 ae UD. oa 95 20 26 45 103 .35 18 18 61 10 87 67 ما‎ Sa 95 30 26 40 103 45 18 25 61 07 87 50 SE 0p D. if 95 25 26 45 108 15 18 20 Nos. au nd 61 10 87 62 34 UO 1... 0 95 45 26 40 103 20 18. 5 61 05 87 58 34 10 68 95 25 26 45 103 25 18 15 @ F ۷ ° 0 , " (1) 87 59 30 (1) 95 30 00 (1) 103 30 50 } sss TOTUM | (2) 34 05 50 m" (2) 26 43 00 (2 18 18 50 Cor. for index er- E ror of needle...| 十 8 48 — Deduced inclina- | ° ' ^" AAA 61 17 08 i o , a o 1 7 Q f Hi Differences ba. B9 499 o1. کے‎ 68 47 00 85 1.40 i .orangles o / “ ° 1 ^ ° ' " of deflection 20 00 DES "AN i 34 23 30 42. 36. 00 ° 7 m " [»] , " Sum of means AAA . Db 32055. 1i... 122.. 13 ` 00 121 149 40 o 1 7 0 1 “ ° , " Half sum — dip -- | oie و بی‎ a d 4 1... 61 06. 08 60 54 50 Norz.—For the remaining magnetic observations at Camp 108, see page 116. - | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 129 OBSERVATIONS — Continued. Station, Camp 109, Branch of White Cliff Creek ; latitude 350 12! 26”. 50 ; longitude Th. 33m. 25. 45s. Needle, B. Date, January 30, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 45m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. p. ۰ Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle T es ES = Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ti idi 13 42 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true dps run Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. 72 0 Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the| Ther. the vertical. vertical. Fah. |the vertical. vertical. Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) ° 7 o H [e] 1 0 o 7 o i o $ 61 10 81 0 34 45 54 94 10 87 393 54 East 61 19 87 30 E Loss 94 18 2a B Loue (| 61 08 87 25 ÁN LLL s 94 12 EUN Loos $ 61 00 87 20 کہ‎ TI a s s M ub ای وی‎ MO s West 61 00 Bt: 15 SE ` U E ہر‎ 484 Sh —1. AL 39 oo 《| 61 5 87 20 34 55 54 94 10 | 2 25 54 o , “ ° 1 7 o [e] H tu [e] 1) 87 23 20 (1) 94 15 00 | i zg oo | زو‎ sa 49 وو‎ tl ۵ | & 27 29 20 aie 1 Ze Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 8 48 ° / u Deduced inclination........... 61 14 18 ° 1 “ o , tr Differences 52. ` QQ اد ات‎ OF. 15 — dU Loses. ° 7 Hu ° , ot Half diff. or angles of deflection 26 17 00 E. i 58 5. بس سا‎ o 1 a o 1 $" x Sum of means. 122 12 O m a 131 44 120. Loi ° 1 7 ° DH " Half sum — dip (C M XM 5^ ewe ewe G0 jO 2M PA Night cloudy ; no observations for declination. 17 m 130 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 111, White Cliff Creek; latitude, 35° 08 0۳۰۲0 ; longitude Th. 34m. 4.64s. Needle, B. Date, February 1, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 20m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 45m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. ° ” 61 02 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 61 05 GE Td | 61 06 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 61.06 61 06 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic idi 61 06 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 15 48 25 Approximate magnetic declinati 14 42 25 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards j| Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards Def. from | Def. towards; Def. from the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) ' ٥ d o , ° 1 ٥ , , ° , 60 40 87 02 34 15 71 94 30 27 05 102 40 18 60 Po gp iin: ES 60 40 87 05 EC TES 94 30 27 00 102 40 18 50 60 40 87 02 Bt IM. ی سو‎ 94 25 27 03 102 40 18 58 60 35 87 08 34 *329 وہ .| کے‎ 94 25 21. 00 102 15 18 58 West 60 45 87 00 5E IB O 94 20 27 06 102 18 18 62 60 87 05 84 15 71 94 25 27 00 102 15 18 55 Qc, t» ° , ” o o , " o D " M (1) 87 03 40 | (y 94 25 50 (1) 102 28 00 } eans 60 39 1 ] (2) 34 17 30 j | 7 (2 27 02 10 (2) 18 57 10 Corr. for index er- de, ror of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclina-| O ' " tion | 60 47 58 9 " ۳ " D " Differences 52 46 10 . Ls 67 23 40 83 30 50 Half diff. or angles o ۲ " o , " , " of deflection ۱ 26 23 05 دہ تا‎ 33 41 0 41 45 25 o , "n o , " [o] , ” Sum of means - 76ء سے‎ 121 28 00 121 25 | : o , Wi o , ” o , " Half sum — dip Men š BN e A 60 44 00 60 42 35 一 - DIU om MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS—Continued. 131 Station, Camp 111. Date, February 1, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- Seia of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection tion by chrono- muth cir- e; of Po- | circle when plane meter No. 10. H lari of instrument is in the true meridian | h m. É O , | 0 , " o , " Direct 9-08. 00.5 تک‎ 4 4 e 7۴ ireci 9 05 26.5 77 18 | یی کس سای‎ www Reacción P ا[‎ Reflection - | (| Reflection - | ناج‎ A Fast Reflection - 1 e | Direct 9 07 44.5 4 « l Direct 9 08 52.9 7 46 LAS . سس‎ Reading of azimuth circle when pl f t the true meridian, by mean of four observations 75 48 25 Error of chronometer + 3h. 8m. 21s. Station, Camp 112. Date, February 4, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | aye r azi- | | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir- | muth of Po- | circle when plane |n nometer No. 10. | cle. | laris. | of instrumentisin =e | | the true meridian. | ۱ hm 8. , ” | o 7 ” | o , " Direct. 7 58. 50.6 61 50. 2 = ا سوا‎ 8 00 17.5 |. 67 52 | a ag ee Reflection e ojeras -----| Reflection ..... | Reflection | Reflection | East Direct TH b |. Onun pn 66 47 19 Direct T ‘677 05.5 68 18 | m A: e 7 ۳۰ Roo + 1 £ t tisinthet idi e by mean of four observations. 66 34 07 5 E 1 Error of chronometer + 3h. 09m. 8, 2s. 132 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 112, Bighorn Spring ; latitude 35° 00' 51".53; longitude Th. 34m. 24.58s. Needle, B... Date, February 4, 1854. Hour of beginning, 2h. 45m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 3h. 15m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0 , "m 52 17 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 52 18 i 52 10 52 15 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ۱ 52 20 52 17 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian.................. 52 16 10 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 66 34 07 Approximate magnetic declination 14 17 57 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —Nq. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. | Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | | Def. دہ جیا‎ p Def. from 2 |Def. towards | Def. from | Def. towards | Def. fro the vertical. | the vertical. the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the veriti a (2) (1) (2) ) (2) [9] H O , O 7 0 , O ! 0 ' [e] و‎ 60 55 87 25 38 563 73 94 45 26 40 102 58 18 . 20 East 60 50 87 25 33 S80. haszon 94 50 26 45 102 50 18 28 60 55 87 30 eo Oe E رم اما‎ 94 45 26 45 102 60 18 25 60 55 87 25 288 4b lace nue 94 45 26 40 102 50 18 20 Weel c. 69 50 87 0 SS او‎ Lil... 94 50 26 35 102 55 18 30 60 53 87 12 33 50 +3 94 40 26 35 102 55 18 15 ECF TF 0 r " [e] o H " 0 ۱ " (1) 87 23 50 (1) 94 45 50 (1) 102 54 40 1 Mods 60 53 00 d (2) 33 57 20 73 (2) 26 40 00 (2) 18 24 40 Cor. for index er- ro ror of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclina- | O Im tion 61 01 48 ! o H " o D " [e] , " Differences. b 126 JU L1 کیک‎ 68 05 50 84 30 00 Half diff. or angles o , H [e] , " ° , ” 3 . of deflection A ` [pu 84 02 55 43 186 00 o , r [e] , " [e] 7 ” Sum of means | J. NH 1 331.1... 121 25 50 121 — 19 29 o D n 5 0 r " , ” | " WM —..... 60 43 55 60 39 40 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 133 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 116, Williams’ River ; latitude 34° 35’ 36". 90 ; longitude Th. 33m. 51.17s. Needle, B. Date, February 8, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. p. m. ` Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o " [ 71 55 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle | 71 55 71 55 [ 71 7 | Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ] 71 50 71 57 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ü idi 71 54 50 Réading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the We meridian 85 56 59 | Approximate magnetic declination 14 02 09 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY— No. 4. ۱ Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def with wt. 2] gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards} Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from | Def. towards” Def. from the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. | the vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) | (2) y | we Ew c ° RS E ° P 6 4 60 30 87 15 83 20 67 94 35 26 15 102 50 | 17 45 Dna a 60 23 87 15 BA Lies 94 50 26 20 102 45 17 50 60 30 87 15 UBI MEE 94 45 | 26 12 102 45 17 40 60 25 87 15 حا یج‎ 94 45 | 26 00 102 45 17 30 BRL doe 60 35 87 20 ES 3 Desen 94 45 26 20 | 102 45 17 30 60 20 87 08 33 20 | 67 94 30 26 15 | 102 50 17 43 | ” e] 7 ” | 0 Di ° , ” 1 87 14 40 | (1) 94 41 40 } (1) 102 46 40 } Means ے۔‎ ------| 60 27 10 j ۳ 33 26 40 1 | ۳ d (2) 26 13 40 (2 17 40 00 4 Cor. for index er- EE ror of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclina- | O ' ” tion 60 35 58 [o] 7 ” 0 7 ” o ' “ Differences 53 48 d co 68 28 00 85 06 40 Half diff. or angles ptm ë — s. w 8 of Zeene 26 54 00 موی‎ 34 14 00 42 33 20 | O 7 ” | 0 , " 0 , “ Sum of means 120 ^41 20 | S 120 55 20 120 26 40 | o 7 ^ | 0 H ۲ “ o H " Half sum — dip 60 20 40 | یچ ا‎ st جو‎ 60 13 20 134 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 116. Date, February 8, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observationsare | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azim direct or by reflection. tion by chrono- | azimuth cir- muth of Po-| circle when plane meter No. 10. | cle. laris. instrument is in | the true meridian ; Mee "Se | o ۶ 0 " oo " [. Direct. ہی و کے‎ EE سے‎ 6 50 35.1 | 86 652 | 1 07 58 85 44 02 Direct ... West i | Reflection | | | 8 Reflection , | | Reflection | | | Reflection | ہے‎ | Direct ---- | | om ES Ree | 6 48 05.5 GE | 1 07 03 86 09 57 Reading of azimuth le when pl f inst tis in the true meridian, by mean of two observations) 85 56 59 Error of chronometer + 3h. 9m. 34. 8s. Station, Camp 117. Date, February 9, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | . Face of circle. | Wo e observations are | Time of observ: Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth Kë ect or by reflection. tion by chrono azimuth cir- muth of Po- | circle when plane meter No. 1 cl ris. f instrument is in | the true meri | | AS و‎ ee E O? vun E, " 1 Direct 6 48 26.6 7 00 1 OT +07 5 52 53 1 | Mrt 2 oo اش سس سس‎ S 2 052 Eo rd T DO RE GE ee Cé Ee EEN E Ep E west L Reflection. aaa a a a a GE E E EE E IM MUA PEA AREA A سب‎ f | Talca a bcm P ای ی‎ duel dime M 上 East 4 | Direct EUA را‎ VARIAS AAA: AA ERA EAT U Direct 6 46 05.5 7 26 1 06 16 6 19 44 | e Reading of th circle when pl f inst t is in the t idian, by mean of two observations} 6 06 18 Error of chronometer + 3h. 09m. 33. 1s. MAGNETIC OBSERY ATIONS. 135 OBSERV ATIONS—Oontinued. Station, Camp 117, Williams River ; latitude 340 32' 29". 60 ; longitude Th. 33m. 50. 305. Needle, B. Date, February 9, 1854. Hour of beginning, 2h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 2h. 55m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 82 00 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 82 2 - 82 15 A $ 82 10 | Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ? po a Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ti idi 82 08 20 | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ee meridian 96 06 18 | Approximate magnetic declination 13 57 58 E. I OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the| Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the| Def. towards Def. from the the vertical. vertical. Fah. | the vertical. vertical. the vertical. vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) 2 | Ww cr o , ° , ° ° , | o , [e] , Be 60 33 87 20 33 50 78 94 58 | 26 30 102 60 18 05 East. $ 60 35 87 25 a 90 L... 94 55 25 102 45 18 12 d 60 35 87 25 WEE. ` w 94 45 | 26 28 102 58 18 15 60 38 87 15 i. Ae, E DE 94 55 | 26 25 102 50 18 05 Wak مت‎ 60 38 87 30 EL 67 94 40 26 102 45 18 15 60 30 87 20 33 0 78 94 50 26 20 102 55 18 905 | ! ۲ H ? " [e] 7 7 o o 7 7 Ss š be eans. D S^ 23 30 (1) 94 30 } j (1 0 } ری وٹ‎ + is PR i Q 33 51 10 | 9 | e 26 27 10 (2 18 09 30 € we E ی‎ sedie ...... + 8 48 Deduced inclina- | o » r f Hem, 60 43 38 | ° 7 Li o P. DI o , و‎ ۱ Differences تہ‎ ee o Li. 68 23 20 84 42 40 " ° , ” Half diff. or 1 o r o t of par ng T 26 2045 £ — LL. 34 11 40 43. 213 8 i o , ” o ? "HU 0 , 好 Sum of means Blood a 1381 wv 40 121 01 40 o D rr Oo , 7 0 7 Ze EE 60 5390 $ ¿--.-- 60 38 -50 60 30 50 136 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 121, Williams’ River ; latitude 340 16’ 51". 10 ; longitude Th. 33m. 44.83s. Needle, B. Date, February 13, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 4h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Needle vertical, face of circle north,reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the tn Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2 gr. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle, Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Def. towards | Def. from the the vertical. vertical. Fah. | the vertical. vertical. the vertical. vertical. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) Qs $ Goat Oa? ° KEEN, o p ° / ین‎ ra 60 15 86 50 33:80 63 94 15 25 60 102 15 17 50 East. 60 15 86 48 کات کی‎ EE OE 94 20 25 60 102 25 17 48 60 22 86 45 SE s lo u s 94 08 25 52 102 15 17 50 ç 60 15 86 40 ا ہے 1 25 کا‎ 94 05 25 58 102 20 17 45 West 60 15 86 50 کچ‎ T. . 94 05 25 60 102 18 17 40 (| 60 12 86 45 33 63 94 15 25 60 102 10 17 50 0 , " [e] , Léi 0 D ” 0 1 “ ۳ ۱ (1) 86 46 20 (94 11 20 (1) 102 17 10 | asas m i (2) 33 26 20 63 (2) 25 58 20 (2) 7 10 Corr. for index er- 0 ror of needle ...| + 8 8 Deduced inclina- | © ' ^" ۱ tion 60 24 28 ° , ” ° , ” ° 4 a Differences MM C38 جو‎ SE 68 113 0 84 30 00 Half diff. or angles o d " o , " Gg of deflection — Met. NOU 2127ء‎ 34 ::06 ` 30 42 15 00 0 , " o , ” ° 7 “ Sum of means . tot: وات‎ l... 120 09 40 120 04 20 ES o , " o , " o 1 y (lk dp... 7578 60 06 as ) ۶ 60 04 50 60 02 10 — MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 137 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 121. — Date, February 13, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | | Face of circle. Whether observations are Time of observa- Beading a ot Computed ~al | Read uth direct or by reflection. tion by chrono- | azimuth اہ‎ re: DECH A jo meter No. 10. | cle. | | ofinstrument is in | | the true meridian À. m. TS o Av , " | e ” Direct 7 44 07.9 12.27. | 1 24 48 | 71 02 12 West Direct 1 | یو‎ | | | | i ` (| Reflection - | | East Reflection - Direct | | Direct 1 43 12.3 143. 88 1. 1. 24,94. | 711 28 26 | i Reading of azimuth circle when plane of inst tisin the true meridian, by mean of two observation | ...و‎ 19 Error of chronometer 十 3h. 10m. 22. 4s. Station, Camp 122. „Date, February 15, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- ] Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. P CH get chrono- | 09 cir- | ۰ of Po- | | circle when pla ane r No. 10. | | lar of instrument is in | | the true meridian. | | š B uiv | hm wu A e«t qiie ct Direct T H 22.0 d S 16 18 77 28 42 West — Direct. - bere edet rediens z a | : Reflection - Reflection | ( | Reflection - | East Reflection -` | - Direct 7 19 03 79 20 | 1 17 40 78 02 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of inst tisinthet idian, by mean of two observations. 17 45 31 138 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. š OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 122, Williams’ River ; latitude 340 12! 321, 40; longitude Th. 34m. 12. 195. Needle, B. Date, February 15, 1854. Hour of beginning, 5h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. 20m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. O r " 64 06 Needie vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 64 06 64 08 64 04 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 64 00 64 05 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic 64 04 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian TT - 45-31 Approximate magnetic declinati 13 40 41E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. E aE EO و سک‎ ER ¿ | Def. towards | Def. from the| "Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. the vertical. vertical. Fah. the vertical. vertical. Fah. (2) o , [6] , 0 2 0 0 , O 7 o 59 58 93 658 e 25 58 56 102 20 17 *45 56 East 59 58 93 -6 sd AN coll. 102 20 iT O0 e 59 60 93 55 vov WAL Longi e RM 102 30 17-00. ED ç 59 60 93 60 250. E 102 20 VIA L. ات یم‎ West ` 59 8 93 8 29 DD Lo RI 102 . 15 IT 456 a d 59 60 93 58 25 50 56 102 15 17 40 56 0 , n ” o > , ” o M (1) 93 58 10 (1) 102 20 00 -— oo sa ] (2) 25 57 10 56 (2) 17 45 50 > Corr. for index error of needle | 十 8 48 O , ” Deduced inclination ........... 60 07 48, | * o , ” 0 D " Differences وم‎ Or 00 — "T 2i 84 q1 Uo Ce [9] Lë ” o , " Half diff, or angles of deflection S£ 00 Sh. | oom 4 jq EE O , ” o € ” Sum of means H9. 55 20. ee a 120 06 DO — |. o , " le] 7 7 Half sum — dip -- کہ‎ M 4 39 ^5. ج‎ 60 02 855 دب مه‎ Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 139 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 123, Williams’ River ; latitude 34° 13' 44". 10 ; longitude Th. 34m. 36.778. Needle, B. Date, February 16, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. 40m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o " 1 , j 93 34 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 93 34 ( 98 4 " Í 93 31 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 93 40 i | 93 31 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 93 34 00 OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2} gr. | Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. the vertical. | . vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | vertical. Fah. (1) 2 3) ° Ost 6.28 e jt o ھا‎ D o 60 00 94 05 25 7 72 102 20 17 ..30 72 East .... 60 02 94 18 209.405 J esanei 102 35 "Kë ` S E AAE 60 00 94 05 2550 مت سدح داد‎ 102 30 I ae cere 60 02 94 18 "o lii 102 20 it. cs ns West 60 02 94 10 25.480 سو 7 نر 20 102 و لاہ ںا‎ wees 60 0 94 12 25 60 72 102 15 17 0 72 | | [o] , ” 0 , "m o | r " o O 94 11. 20 1 )1( 102 23 0 Nm. e MI 1 (2) 25 56 40 "n (2) 17 31 40 = Corr. for index error of needle--| + 8 48 : | o , "m Deduced inclination ..........- 60 09 48 3 o " " o d " Differences 88. 14 40. L HE SI. 40... eee i o ` " 6 7 " E Half diff. or angles of deflection 8 wo» j- 42 25 50 — |-----=-- tu , " [e] r Hi i Sum of means ہو‎ ua "MO ا‎ [L.-..... | 119 855. 00 پت‎ Lh... o , " | 0 Lé " HiH aum ہے‎ dip متام موھج کھج کے‎ rmt 和 | 56 5T — DU بے ساب ھی‎ Night cloudy. No observations for declination. 140 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. ^ Station, mouth of Williams’ River ; latitude 340 17' 46". 58 ; longitude Th. 36m. 00s. Needle, B. Date, February 20, 1854. Hour of beginning, 11h. 20m.a.m.; hour of ending, 12h. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o , Hi 79 46 3 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 79 47 79 47 T9 15 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle j 19.46 79 52 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ti idi 79:57. -00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ie meridian Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 5 gr 3 f circle. irect. š "mE جح‎ | Def towards] Def from | Ther. (Def towards |. Def from | Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) o , o , ° , 0 , [e] H o 60 00 94 12 25 50 TT 102 20 17 30 TT East 60 05 94 10 25.300. F. ام موہ‎ 102 28 Io eee 60 03 94 10 جو ھت اھت 5و‎ 102 25 17 90. .|-.-.- Sue 60 03 94 03 2 M. eL 102 25 10 20. E West 60 04 94 02 85 AS ایا‎ 102 15 17 - 2 ۰ Lose 60 00 94 10 25 55 TT 102 20 17 22 71 1 8 7 ” ° , ” o oO , " 0 (1) 94 07 50 (1 102 21 40 Means 000230 || G 25 51 20 T (2) 17 24 30 éi Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 8 48 @ =e ” 60 11 18 Deduced inclination...........- [e] , " , " Differences. 68 I8 30 ی‎ 8۸ te ۱ 0 , " 0 , " Half diff. or angles of deflecti 54 384 dB. سس یت‎ 42 28.35 Ge E [o] , Hi , Di Sum of means H9 189 +67 119 46 10 ° 1 ° D n Half sum 一 dip eo on, 95 ہیر ات"‎ 69 53 05 J |.------- Mni d MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. 141 Station, Camp 128, Rio Colorado ; latitude 340 23’ 10".10 ; longitude Th . 36m. 25. 66s. Needle, B. Date, February 21, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. 15m. p. m.; hour of ending, 3h. 30m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. lves, Topographical Engineers. j Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian Approximate magnetic declination DER 07 49 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Face of circle. Direct. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Def. towards |Def. from the Ther. | Def. towards |Def. from the Ther. the vertical. | vertical. Fahr. | the vertical. | vertical. Fah. (1) 2) (1) 2) o ° , o , ° Bl + o ou Zs 94 28 26 12 75 102 32 17 60 75 East 60 27 94 25 Wo. DE 192 30 ہے‎ MN EEE 60 30 94 25 本 | 102 40 IT. 032 ۱ kawaq Fe eae 60 28 94 33 " A EPA | 102 28 ` Si a EE West 60 25 94° 30 WË Wr Lu 102 30 D^ nel 60 21 94 32 20 10 | 75 | 102 20 17 50 | 75 i | | ° , 好 0 2 9 à , ° (1 94 28 50 1 )1( 102 30 00 } Means 60.35 40 ] (2) 26 11 30 C (2) 17 55 50 3 Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 Seen goe 0 D ” Deduced inclination....-.----- 60 34 28 | | 1 6 , ” o f - | Differences uu e galo c DE Ss 84 34 10 | 00007 E | ° , ” [e] fo Half diff. or angles of deflection. .|.--.......-- 3 ws Abe Pi وس‎ 43 17 ۰ 06 ۰ "eee 5 ¥ o , "m [e] , » Sum of means IM 4 2. —q---—---- 120 435 DM. ewe eee o r rr 0 4 a4 60 20 10 60 12 55 تست‎ Halt J MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS 142 OBSERVATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 128. Date, February 21, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- rarae sl 1 Computed azi- | Reading of aiana direct or by reflection. chro- muth cir muth of Po-| circle when plan nometer No. 10. | cle. juris of instrument is in the true meridian. À. 7A. 8. o , 0 A " o , 7 West Direct 9 50 57.5 88 10 1 45 56 86 24 04 East Direct 9 4T 59.9 88 39 1 45 46 .86 53 14 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of two observations 86 38 39 Error of chronometer + 3h. 14m. 46. 6s. Station, Camp 130. Date, February 23, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. | tion by chrono- | azimuth cir- uth of Po- circle when plane meter No. 10. cle. laiis. of instrumentisin the true meridian, | À. m. 8. o , [9] [4 " 0 r 7 West Direct 8 10 658 75 16 1: 30 53 73 45 07 | | East | Direct 8 09 05.5 75 46 1 30 25 74 15 35 le when plane of inst t tl , by mean of two observations. 74 00 21 | Reading of azimuth ci Error of chronometer + 3h. 15m. 53. 6s. Station, Camp 132. Date, February 25, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. i: | Face of circle. | Whether observations are | Time of observa- Reading of) Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir- | muth of Po- circle when plane nometer No. 10. | cle. laris. of instrument is in the true meridian. h. m. t o à o [o] r " West | Direct 8 28 45.5 34 23 1 35 04 32 47 56 East | Direct | "8 26 80.6 | 34 4 1 34 34 33 19 26 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of two observations 33 03 4l Error of chronometer + 3۸. 16m. 33. 5s. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 143 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 129, Rio Colorado; latitude 340 27' 26", 44 ; longitude Th. 36m. 45. 24s. Needle, B. Date, February 22, 1854. Hour of beginning, bh. p. m.; hour of ending, 5h. 30m. p.m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o , ” š í 66 45 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 66 51 | 66 60 66 52 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimnth circle 66 52 66 42 Kis of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ti idi 66 50 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the bës meridian , | Approximate magnetic declination E us I ESL Lente ER 1 OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. E Def. with wt. 2} gr. | Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. | | Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) | | o y ° , 0 r | [e] | [e] f 0 4 o 60 25 94 25 26 08 | 5 1* 103-40 17 60 65 East. 60 28 94 30 E. مه تسا‎ 102 35 Ho ces 60 25 94 28 26 10 |........| 102 48 Et و‎ tos مر مر‎ 60 25 94 20 "SHE ED leo; سک ند‎ 102 40 M O88 kaos os West 60 27 94 25 "i و‎ 00 | 102 45 Hm 9۰ ی تیا‎ 60 25 94 20 926 58 | 65 | 102 50 17 40 65 | | O , " " | [e] | 0 f " o M " (1) 94 ر404‎ |f Q0) 102 43 0 | | pn 602550 || G) 26 sl 50 | e | (2 17 53 30 بی‎ Cor. forindex errror of needle..| + 8 48 | | [e] , ” | | Deduced inclination _...... ---- 60 34 38 | 6 e " | | o , ” Differences ee ee | aw گہشیئ‎ 28 | | | | [o] ” | o D " Half diff. or angles of deflection.|...........- 33 56 25 | -------- | 42 24 50 |-------- | l [e] Li " | | o , " Sum of means 120 58.30 . |-.---.| 120 86.40 . ho. š 0 , ۱ m | [e] , " Half sum — dir | ; 60 28 15 60 18 20 ]....-... degrees firs& recorded in the — note-book were “ E After- believed that the original record was DW VW. wards they were ét 269". 4 ۶ For these three observations the number of changed to It is 144 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 130, Rio Colorado ; latitude 340 36’ 19". 20 $; longitude Th. 37m. 4.365. Needle, B. Date, February 23, 1854. Hour of beginning, 3h. 50m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 20m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [9] , " 60 10 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 60 08 60 05 60 10 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle S ST 60 11 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 60 09 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 74 00 21 Approximate magnetic declinati is OF X1 E OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. e | x Def. with wt. 22 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. | Face of circle. Direct. | > | Def. towards, Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical, | the vertical. | Fah. I (2) (1) (2) Qt دور‎ D Se o gs (ree o 60 20 94 25 26 15 76 102 33 1780 76 East .... 60 20 94 20 اٹ‎ n سے ا‎ a 102 25 27 55 2 ies 60 22 94 25 35 با ۲ 3 102 ات سس لا‎ DO Ili» 60 18 94 30 28 "IB Du ul 102 25 17 40 =} cae ماد‎ West 60 25 94 25 20 20 o REA AA 102 35 Ho 4 Lll 60 20 94 20 26 15 76 102 25 17 50 76 | o , n Oe " [e] 9 , ” 0 M | (1) 94 24 10 (1) 102 28 50 — اة‎ 1 (2) 26 17 50 的 7 | | | 1 " Cor. for index error of needle... 十 8 48 Go ow 1 Deduced inclination ----------- 60 29 38 [o] , ” , " Differences e ^W o sS 84 40 مب دا اد وو‎ ° , , O H " Half diff. or angles of deflection. 1. sd 04 10 — [OTT OES Oe E ا اک‎ U ° , ” [e] , " Sum of means 人 x= 195 cu Oo pe modd LS o Fo cH pe S ٥ 7 " Half sum — dip Sch bun... |... wu. سیب‎ - MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 115 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 132, Rio Colorado ; latitude 349 45' 53".60 ; longitude Th. 31m. 31. 23s. Needle, B. Date, February 25, 1854. Hour of beginning, 2h. 50m. p. m.; hour of ending, 3h. 10m. p.m. Observer, Lieut J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. [e] 9 " ; 19 30 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 19 28 19 20 š 19 20 1 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 19 30 ; 19 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 19 28 00 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 33 03 41 Approximate magnetic declination 13 35 41 ۰ OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. 1 Def. with wt. 2) gr. | Def. with wt. 3 gr. š : | Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from | Ther. | Def. towards ` Def. Ther. the vertical. | the vertical.| Fah. | the vertical. the سب‎ Fah. (2) | ( | 2 | 6 , 0 , 0 , [e] | o r | [e] , 0 60 40 94 35 26 25 | 76 | 102 45 | 18 22 76 East بت کے‎ 60 8 94 30 M de .. us: EZ RM 9 00010 60 42 94 40 L0 30 Eo | 102 40 | IB ^ 28- 290 | | 60 37 94 30 26 TI | 102 35 18- 20 |... West 60 37 94 40 میں‎ ۲ mane seer | 102 40 | 18 20 |-------- 60 40 94 38 26 18 T6 | 102 30 | 18 17 16 | | | e] , ” , ” 0 ; E o (1) 94 35 30 ! 1 (1) 102 s 80 } 76 Means 60 39 00 ] (2) 26 23 00 76 (2) 18 22 00 D " Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 8 48 Deduced inclination..........- 60 47 48 o " " [o] , " ` EEN وو مع‎ ONS E Ely me 16 00 X Jj. ° , ” 0 , " Half diff. or angles of deflection 34 06 15 — [|------- 42 08 25 e 7 o 4 7 o H Sum of means a J uM وی‎ 121 e N89 1... [e] , ” o [i m" E َٰ یی‎ 09 Half sum — dip yes B My Á بھی دب‎ 60 30 25 146 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 135, Rio Colorado ; latitude 340 52' 15".60; longitude Th. 38m. 06.885. Veedle, B. Date, March 1, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 40m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. 05m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. ° 1 83 25 | Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading.of azimuth circle 1 i 83 30 83 20 83 25 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 83 15 83 22 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian - 83 22 50 Readiug of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 97 18 43 Approximate magnetic declination 13 55 53 卫 . OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. | Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. | Direct. | | Def. towards| Def. from Ther. | Def. towards, Def. from Ther. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. the vertical. | Fah. (1) | 0 , o , ° , ° ° , do? o 60 46 94 35 26 40 61 102 32 18 20 61 East 60 50 94 35 7 E Tupay ses 102 40 18 25 |...----- 60 50 94 25 256 4D > Losas 102 30 18 22 |...-.--* H 60 50 94 40 28 00 میت‎ 102 32 18 28 |-------- West 60 4T 94 30 36 4T. d. oce 102 40 18 22 |-------- l 48 94 30 26 50 57 102 37 18 37 57 | Qo *-- 0 ” [e] o H " M (1) 94 32 30 DN M 983131. کا‎ TM 0 1 (2) 26 4T 00 = (2) 18 27 20 = | Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 G F 7P Deduced inclination. ..........| 60 57 08 O D H 1 " Differences..... 6۶ 45b 39 K 122205 84 07 50 — |..------ 0 , " 7 " Half diff. or angles of deflection oe E — qur 42 03 55 |-------- 0 , 11 1 il Sum of means Pi- OO Gans 191 02.90 — |.--.- [e] , " o 7 " Half sum — dip 6.39 77 "e 31 E ` Loose MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued, Station, Camp 135. Date, March 1, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. | Face of circle. Whether observations are | Time of observa- — of| of paren tae azi- TR 3 رب‎ iir irect or by reflection. tion by chro- | azimuth cir muth of Po-| circ plan nometer No. 10. of 3 isin the true meridian. EK G £ ا‎ j won m f Direct 8 88 37.9 8 40 1 36 57 7 03 03 West 4 | Direct ! eflection (| Reflection Reflection Reflection East Direct - : Direct 8 41 43.6 9 8 077٤ 7 34 23 Reading of tl le wl 1 f t thet lian, by mean of two observations- 7 18 43 Error of chronometer + 3h. 17m. 55. 2s. Station, Camp 137. Date, March 3, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. ther observations are | Time of observa- | Reading = tion by chrono- h ci m Whether direct or by reflection. eter No. 10. | pe | rr | i | | Computed azi- muth of Po- aris. Reading of azimuth circle when plane of — ei in the true meridia West | | | h m. D 0 , D EET I 1r [e] 7 “ Direct 8.42. 54.5 66 35 جوا‎ 58 64 57 07 Direct š Reflection | یف سے‎ spi | Reflection | | Reflection. | | Direct Direct 8 47 13.4 67 04 | 1 38 42 | 65 25 18 65 11 123 » Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by mean of two observatio: Error of chronometer + 3%, 19m, 53, 08s, 148 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 137, Pai-ute Creek ; latitude 35° 06' 26", 10; longitude Th. 39m. 35. 06s. Hour of beginning, 4h. 20m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. Needle, B. Date, March 3, 1854. [e] r " 50 52 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 50 52 50 55 50 56 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 50 60 50 53 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian.................- 50 54 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 60- 1L 312 Approximate magnetic declination i 14 16 32 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. š . towards | Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (2) EEN cy 8.0 0 0 OF o : 61 00 94 42 26 53 58 102 55 ۱۱: وی‎ + A rue as East. 61 00 94 40 Z6 ES docto cue 102 590 IM 40 i22 uova ; 61 03 94 40 28- 55 isso 102 53 18. EN E 61 03 94 48 0 102 0 IN. AO EE West 61 01 94 50 26 90. Li: 102 45 18 BU E o 61 00 94 50 26 55 58 102 40 18 40 54 o ۴ d o , ” ° [e] 7 7 O (OO CURL EE A 61 01 10 d (1) 94 45 00 1 (1) 102 48. 50 () 26 53 30 p (2) 18 44 20 er Cor. for index error of needle... | 十 -8 48 [9] , ” Deduced inclination........... 61 09 58 O , "m o , " Differences «coxis @£ رس 90 سس‎ 84$-0[-8980-- E ` 0 , " 0 , ” Half diff. or angles of deflection 39 ی‎ es 42-097 18 ` ee 0 , ” O 7 " Sum of means 11 EN 802 U وو وسر را‎ B Sg 9 o pa 0 , " o 1 " Half sum — dip WE uua Lom 60 46 35 Liege ic MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 149 0188101171۲ ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 140, near Marl Springs ; latitude 35° 11 8". 0; longitude Th. 42m. 10. 30s. Veedle, B. Date, March 6, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 15m. p. m.; hour of ending, 4h. 45m. p. m. Observer, Lieut. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. o , ” 3 ; G Í 82 05 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 82 05 ( 82 02 ` 82 00 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 82 02 82 02 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meriqian -2-22-2222 82 02 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 96 01 45 Approximate magnetic declination 13 59 05 E. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 4. Def. with wt. 2} gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle.* Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the | Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the! Ther. the vertical. | vertical Fah. |the vertical. | vertical. Fah. (1) (1) (2) » [6] , o , 9 , ° o , 0 Ji o 60 46 94 50 26 30 51 102 55 18 20 54 A E 60 47 94 45 26:628 aa 102 48 A8. لا‎ Jeria das 60 45 94 45 6 08. 1. سح میات‎ | 102 58 18 15 1... | : 60 47 94 40 Se SR 67809 | 102 45 18. ` orae des West 60 50 94 38 29 La. | 102 55 | 18 18 [oo 60 47 94 40 26 -35 | 51 | 102 40 | 18 10 | 54 | | o ? ff H ” o 0 , " o (1) 94 43 00 : (1) 102 50 10 } . Y a Corr. for index error of needle-- 8 48 0 D " Deduced inclination ..........- 60 55 48 o , ” 0 , Differences 68. 12 50: Looss--. 84 33 o , ” o x Half diff. or angles of deflection- ------------ | u Ww S p 42 16 + ” [e] , Sum of EM 3 G4 ۶2 121: . 07 0 L4 60 33 150 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. Station, Camp 140. Date, March 6, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observations are Time ré observa- | Reading of | Computed azi- | Reading of Án direct or by reflection. | tion by chr qÉ azimuthcir-| muth of Po-| circle when plane | meter "No. cle. laris. of یں ہا‎ is in | the true meridian. | A. m. 8. 0 1 0 í “ 0 1 “ ( | Direct |: g- pk. 85.9 97 30 1 42 36 95 47 24 West Direct | 2 1 Reflection . | || Reflection - f | Reflection . | Reflection - East - Direct | | Direct |..9 18 32.2 7و9‎ 09 | 1-42 54 96 16 06 | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian, by ft b t 96 01 45 Error of chronometer + 3h. 22m. 55. 3s. Station, Camp 142. Date, March 8, 1854. OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS. Face of circle. Whether observatio: sare Time of observa- Reading of| Computed azi- | Reading of azimuth direct or by reflection. tion by chrono- | azimuth cir muth of Po- | circle when plane meter No. 10. cle. laris. of instrument is in the true meridian. À. m. 8. ° , O 7 ” ° , ” Direct 9. L 575 60 55 1 41 53 59 13 07 West Direct ° ۱ | Reflection ۔‎ | (| Reflection - - Reflection . X. East Reflection 0 سا‎ Direct E Direct 9.10 26.6 61 22 1 41 29 59 40 31 Reading of azimuth circle when pl f inst tisinthet lian, by mean of twoobservations 59 26 59 Error of chronometer + 3h. 25m. 05.55. Tele Ole | | ۱ MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 151 ^ OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Camp 141, Sand Camp ; latitude 350 05! 36”. 25 ; longitude Th. 43m. 03. 13s. Needle, B. Date, March 7, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 30m. p. m. j hour of ending, 5h. p. m. | i Observer, Lieut. J. C. Jee, Topographical Engineers. 1 " š T4 52 i Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 74 55 74 55 š ^ 74 50 1 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 74 7 1 74 53 i Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 74 53 40 $ os Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian | S Approximate magnetic declination E OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY-— No. 4. E Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. i Face of circle. Direct. | I 3 Def. tcwards | Def. from the, Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. i the vertical. | vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | vertical. Fah. | (1) 2) a) 0 ot [e] 1 0 , | ° | [e] H ° , 60 8 94 30 "n Santo: ege SW 18 18 60 | East 60 42 94 28 HM uen | 102 35 18 p ۹ءء‎ 60 42 94 35 26 33 |........ | 102 30 38 38 Lov. 60 40 94 40 Ae Xo Mec h oi Le West K 60 42 94 38 26 40 |--------| 102 30 ES 00152 60 38 94 35 26 98 | sB8.^| . 102 33 18 18 | 60 | | | | | [e] t “ | [e] , yt | [e] | 0 ” | o |f () 94 34 20 | || (0) 10 31 20 Means. 60 40 20 E (2) 26 36 40 x 58 | 0). 19-18 10 60 x Cor. for index error of needle... + 8 48 | [e] , “ _ Deduced inclination.. 22 60 49 08 0 7 " 0 D " y Differences 和 | HE 48 +4 48 E | : ° + " | [e] , ” Half. diff. or angles of deflection -| - -. S3 wo Mo دی‎ | a8 S5 pu | . | o 7 xt | , ” Sum of means DI 8 O EE | 120 49 80 o Lh. | | | | — ol | o. گے‎ i | 60 35 30 E ۱ s HM |o- Half sum — dip | ie ی مسا و‎ ia am i | | | : 152 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Station, Camp 142, Soda Lake ; latitude 35° 03’ 13".20 ; longitude Th. 43m. 55. 06s. Needle, B. Date, March 8, 1854. Hour of beginning, 4h. 50m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 5h. 20m. p. m. Observer, Liew. J. C. Ives, Topographical Engineers. 0 # "m | ۱ 45 A0 1 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 45 40 45 30 45 20 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 45 45 45 40 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ü idi 45 35 50 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the ils meridian 59 26 49 App 3 t g tic declination 18 80 AM OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. l š KS | Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. | Face of circle. | Direct. i ef. towards | Def. from Ther. Def. toward Def. from Fah. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fahr. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Ther. 1 (2) (1) ` 0 > o , 0 , ° [e] 1 [e] 1 O 60 55 94 35 26 50 71 102 50 18 35 71 East 60 60 94 42 Z5 58 ee cS 102 50 IB 38 [arepa 60 58 94 43 26 88 دیون‎ 25 102 48 328۰۶8830 paon : f 60 58 94 5 BO SE 102 50 18 22 |...---.- West ois 60 59 94 45 285 00 |. 102 45 18 00: l 0 94 40 26 40 71 102 50 18 30 71 0 , ” [e] , " o ° ? Hu ° : Means 60 58 00 | (1) 94 40 00 | (1) 102 48 50 | (2) 26 46 20 ٠ (2) 18 31 20 xs سس یی ات‎ : Cor. for index error of needle... 十 8 48 $ 0 7 " . + Deduced inclination. .......... 61 06 48 ۳ EE هن ات‎ EERE o ; # i o ۶ ee pis oe Differences. .............. AA eg 84 17 30 OMIT I fs gy " Y 4e OUT سر می‎ 2200 001 T Half diff. or angles of deflection - $3 :56 50 06 US 42 08 45 i cre enee pe. À o ۴ " Áo TT $ Sum of means | 131948. AA 121 20 10 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 153 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory, Mass.; latitude 42° 22! 48 ; longitude 4h. 44h. 29. 6s. Needle, B. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 10h. a. m. ; hour of ending, 11h. a. m. Observers, Professor W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. . ° , i à : f l4 48 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 14 48 C Hu 14 47 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 14 52 ۰ 14 46 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian...........---.--- 14 49 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 5 04 9 45 20 ۰ y H à EE Approximate mag t ORSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. Def. N. 409 from dip. | Def. 8. 400 from dip. Face of circle. Direct. Results. o E 0 r 0 , 0 1 at 34 25 |atll4 25 | at 34 25 lat 114 25 0 H / o 1 0 1 ° 1 0 7 7 74 28 | 90 45 | 67 45 | 91 40 | 56 45 a East 74 25 | 90 55 | 57 48 | 91 45 | 56 40 1۵ 3۴ ہے‎ |». 74 21 | 90 50 | 57 50 | 91 40 | 56 45 ا تا ے‎ i ° S. | 74 15 40 [By — 74 22 | 90 40 | 57 50 | 91 45 | 56 55 Wa کت تی‎ 74 28 | 90 45 | 57 50 | 91 40 | 56 50 74 25 | 90 45 | 57 52 1 48 | 56 55 o 1 2 [e] 7 H o 7 ہے ریم‎ 90 46 40 91 43 00 T4 19 28 | Mean. Mis us od 74 24 50 57 49 10 56 48 20 o 1 “ o ' tr Sum of means 148 35 60 148 31 20 1 véi o 1 Hi o , " 3 Half sum 一 dip 74 17 5 74 15 40 |“ 十 8 48 [3 ¿Index error. E | o r وو‎ gl ° , ” J TEE 85 BE . 30 34 54 40 o 1 " o , " o EU ou Half diff. — angles of deflection -| 16 28 45 17 397. 20 74 28 16 | Trueinclination, Seege 20m 154 | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 42° 22’ 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Needle, B. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 11h. a. m. ; hour of ending, 11h. 30m. a. m. ۰ Observers, Professor W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. ° , " A 14 48 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 7 و‎ 14 47 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ç 1 2 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magneti idi 14 49 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 5 04 Approximate magnetic declination 9 45 20 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. N. P. needle A 400 S. P. needle A 400 from dip. from dip. Face of circle. Direct. Results. aji” Bor o * p at34 25 |at114 25 | at 34 25 | at 114 25 o ۴ oO , o 1 [o] 1 ° 7 ° 1 n" 74 95 40 53 20 95 12 52 48 " Fast 74 25 | 95 38 | 53 15 | 95 20 | 52 55 COMO, pes. 94 3 95 35 53 15 95 20 52 58 Se 7 4 5 S 74 55 i By deflectors. Se s> 95 35 53 95 40 53 10 West. 74 98 95 30 53 00 95 40 53 08 l 7 95 30 53 10 95 45 53 15 Í o , H ^ o 4 n o r ” oi 24 95 34 40 95 29 30 74 21 10 | Mean. 53 10 50 53 02 20 o , “ ° , ” 3 Bon mons... 148 45 30 148 3E -.650 a} o , 7 7 " 8 Esfini رہم‎ .. ........ 14 22. 45 74 . 3154 85 + 8 48 $ Index error. i E : Š : o , a o Ze J 3 Differences 42 24 50 a MES 18 i 0) o , " o 7 7 ° , "m | Half diff. — anglesof deflection.) 21 12 25 231 IF 35 74 29. 58 | True inclination. 5 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. 155 Station, Cambridge Oi Needle, A. Date, May 10. 1854. Hour of beginning, 11h. 30m. a. m. ; hour of ending, 12 m. Observers, Prof. W. €. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. bservatory ; latitude 420 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.68. ° , " 14 52 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 14 650 14 45 14 52 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 14 50 EI 14 60 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in t li 14 51 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the in meridian 5 04 00 Approximate magnetic declination 9 47 30W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 2. | Def. N. 409 from dip. | Def. 8. 409 from dip. Face of circle. Direct. Results. o , ہے کک‎ at 34 25 | at 114 25 | at. 34 25 | at 114 25 e poros gis au dc py 74 35 90 30 58 15 91 58 56 55 East 74 35 90 20 » 20 | 91 60 56 50 74 30 30 | Direct. 74 30 90 30 58 25 91. 57 56 48 N.| 74 21 25 S.| 74 20 05 ۱ سر ران‎ 74 30 90 0 58 15 91 55 56 30 "EE 74 28 90 22 58 25 927 58 56 40 74 25 90 15 58 20 91. 52 “Y 56 38 ° , ” o 2 1 [o] 7 “ piii 9 90 22 50 91 56 40 74 24 03 Mean. Means. 74 30 30 ye wes Sew 58 20 00 56 43 30 i x ° ۶ " o 1 “ E las Sum of means. 148 42 50 148 40 10 + 15 04 E M error, d o , tr 0 , ^ Half sum — dip + S 35 14 20 5 o D ¿e o 1 ” DERO eech 82 0% -60 86 BD B i ° , ” ° , m 0 1 a Half diff. — angles of deflection. 16 01 25 17 36 35 74 39 07 True inclination. 156 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS。 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Needle, A. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 12h. m. ; hour of ending, 12h. 30m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Let, J. C. Ives. ` [e] H " ۴ 14 52 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 14 50 14 45 14 52 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle 14 50 E 14 60 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian...........-....- 14 51 30 | Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian. 5 04 00 d Approximate magnetic declination 9 47 30W. š OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—NOo. 2. N. P. needle B 409 | S. P. needle B 400 from dip. from dip. Face of circle. Direct. Results. 0 d o 1 o 2 at 34 25 |at 114 25 | at 34 25 |at 114 25 ° 1 o , o , o 1 o , o , Hi 74 35 96 50 bl 45 94 50 53 45 East T4 35 96 48 51 48 94 48* 40 74 30 30 Direct. 74 30 96 58 51 45 94 55 40 N.| 74 12 40 3 74 14 40 | By deflectors. T4 30 96 25 51 50 94 38 53 50 West. 74 28 96 25 51 50 94 40 53 40 74 25 96 20 51 48 94 50 3 40 o 1 H o , Dr o H ” 96 37 40 94 46 50 14 19 17 Mean. MEME i.e ccs 74 30 30 ` 51 47 40 53 4 0 o , ” ° I ” E Sum of means 148 25 20 148 29 20 + 15 04 € {Index error. 3 o o š ” ° 1 7 e T4 12 40 74 14 40 : | : o , " o , " | Differences. _ 44 57 00 41 04 20 š = ° , ” 9 / tr ° 1 , Half diff. — angles of deflection-| 14. 38 . 0 20 M..14: | 74 34 21 True inclination. 4 | MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERY ATIONS—Continued. 157 Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48” ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.65. Needle, B. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 1h. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 20m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. o , " 14 48 Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle 14 48 14 55 14 47 Needle vértical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle. 14 52 T 14 46 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 14 49 20 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 5 04 00 Approximate magnetic declination 9 45 20 W OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINASTION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 3 gr. ` Def with wt. 2} gr. Face of circle. Direct. e Def. towards ` Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. o 1 o , o , | o 74 28 111 40 36 32 | 70 East TE- 25 111 - 35 36 35 — 74 21 (ek S| 356 sa. ما‎ 74 22 111 55 ee P... West 74 28 111 50 320۳ ege EE 74 25 111 50 36 30 | 70 co | 7 ° 7 1 0 ۳ af | o (1) 104 43 40 | 1 (1 111 43 0 1 Means 74 24 50 ۱ مسج مین‎ |--70 (2) Pee 70 | | Cor. for index error of needle...| + 8 48 | | | | Qi سر‎ | | Deduced inclination. ---------- 74 33 38 | | o » | o , ” | Differences 60 56 10 E وت‎ atlas 35 Al 30 | دا یا‎ i e | | | | S [e] 4 ff | o d r | Half diff. or angles of deflection. ------------ 30 28 05 | -------- 37 35 45 | -~------ L | | 0 F " o , " | Sum of means j us, 3. —. 148 16 10 | ee o D " ° , ” | Half di کک‎ ۳ DEE 74 08 05 eem MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48" ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.65. Needle, B. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 12h. 30m. p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the idi Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the tie pure Approximate magnetic declination OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY —No. 3. . Def. S. at app. dip. 74° 24’ 50”. Def. N. at app. dip. 74° 24’ 50." | | Face of circle. Direct. | Def. towards | Def. from the, Ther. | Def. . towards ` Def. from the| Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. ‘the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. | o , 0 2 0 ۰ 0 | o , o , o í 4 28 106 55 41 65 70 104 45 43 50 70 Ent ...... TE 35 106 50 EE 104 50 2۳ 50 EE t Sear | ۵۵6 dede ul | 104 55 Bw Lc ) ےا‎ 22 106 40 ARA ۶ | 104 45 a iw. West : 74 28 106 48 al Is | 3104 8 48 65 kids kid 106 45 Ai 50 | 70 | 104 50 43 50 70 | | o " ۰ " ° ° , ” [9] € 106 48 50 104 48 50 — مو‎ i 4l 55 00 ٦ 43 50 0 " Corr. for index error of needle ..| + 8 48 | o , " Deduced inclination ...........| 74 33 38 D "n o r " Sum of means MS d$ dà LL... Hé. 3 40 — — | i ; o d n o 1 Hi Half sum — dip m TE- BB. Os 74 19 50 1..------ o9 , "m o , n Diff. of means e£ 4 ` Bee وو وی‎ 60 bs o-o eee ° , “ o D " Half diff. — angles of deflection. |. ........... ar قوج‎ - —— L| 0] 30 29 00 EE 4 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIO NS— Continued. 159 Station, Cmmbridge Observatory ; latitude 42° 22' 4871; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. Needle, A. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 1h. 20m p. m. ; hour of ending, 1h. 50m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle e : Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle e Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic . q. Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian . Approximate magnetic declination 30 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 3. Def. S. at app. dip. Def. N. at app. dip. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards | Def. from the) Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from the Ther. the vertical. | verti Fah the vertical. vertical. Fah. o , o L4 o d o o , ° ” o 74 35 107. 0 41 05 12 103 45 44 55 72 East 74 35 107 30 Z£b 49 Load cd 103 43 TE 58 Louol.e« tA- 30 107 28 HEAR do 103 40 E BE o $ 74 30 101. 25 سوا‎ 686 ۶ 03 0 44 50 77 West 74 28 307. 32 Zl 35-1. ہو ہے ے‎ 103 40 4 Db ll. d 74 35 107 30 4l 20 72 103 38 44 0 72 ro 4 a ° , 7 [e] o , ” o 10 . 329 ہو‎ 108 39 20 Means. 74 30 30 1 A } 72 | oe } 72 , " Cor. for index error of needle...| 十 15 04 ` o 1 “ Deduced inclination.----------- 74 45 34 - o r n” o , tr Diff. of means 56 HH ML > D O M. — Lo ub o D ” o , fr Half diff. les of deflecti 2: تج‎ M Lese 29 22 4b Loo o , " O , “ Sum of meane 148 43 40 EA 148 33 10 EEN E o 7 " o , “ Half sum — dip f x e GE کہ‎ E M ۔‎ PAPA a r bie 3 ES il 160 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 42° 22! 48” ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29.65. Needle, A. Date, May 10, 1854. Hour of beginning, 1h. 50m. p. m.; hour of ending, 2h. 10m. p. m. Observers, Prof. W. C. Bond and Lieut. J. C. Ives. 14 52 j Needle vertical, face of circle north, reading of azimuth circle ; 14 50 14 45 14 52 Needle vertical, face of circle south, reading of azimuth circle ; o 50 14 60 D Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the magnetic meridian 14 51 30 Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian 5 04 00 Approximate magnetic declination 9 47 30 W. OBSERVATIONS FOR MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INTENSITY—No. 4. Def. with wt. 23 gr. Def. with wt. 3 gr. Face of circle. Direct. Def. towards, Def. from Ther. | Def. towards | Def. from Ther. the vertical. | the vertical. Fah. | the vertical. | the vertical. | Fah. (1) (2) (1) (2) NS ow Qro ° ° , SE, ° $ 74 35 104 38 43 45 72 11 35 36 45 72 East .... 74 35 104 40 48 db عم ات ی 46 )5 1110 0 یب‎ y N 74 30 104 45 XL 00 وس وحم‎ 111 37 s D +7 $ 74 30 104 35 45-40 |. EE IS SB Gp” دوہ دی تا‎ West 74 28 104 25 439 45 e AS 11 30 38-45 Lice N 74 25 104 20 43 55 72 111 20 36 52 72 "Te] , n + o 7 ” [2] , " o Me: (1) 104 33 50 } (1) m 28 20 — | 74 30 30۱ [055 5 72 | 1G) e 50 = Corr. for index error of needle..| + 15 04 ° , ” Deduced inclination ........... 74 45 34 o , ” 0 , H Differences 6 4 Ww 1... — 4ü 4 NW Lc ۳ 0 , " Oo D r Half diff. or angles of deflecti 30 38 M o Eosi H ` GS dtt , " 0 , " Sum of means HS £M 20 pum 48 u ee o , ” ° , “ Half sum — dip , HO UE 44 0 € LL. Station, Cambridge Observatory. Date, May 10, 1854. x Reading of azimuth circle when plane of instrument is in the true meridian ; Lie سب‎ EF Š id Mean . 5 04 > CINES MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS, 161 ODSERV ATIONS— Continued. MAGNETIC DECLINATION AND INDEX ERROR OF NEEDLES. Station, Albuquerque ; latitude 35° 05 50” ; longitude Th. 06m. 31. 47s. Date. Needle. | No. of پیم‎ Magnetic € declina- iram error of Remarks. | vations. L eedle. 1 o , ” , " | October 17 | 0 12 I$ pe | Poles reversed. tob 20 | 0 12 18. 35 90 | Poles reversed. October 18 | A 6 18:18 1 ds 14 3 Ociober 19 | A 6 13 24 . 1 Octobr 21 | B 6 13 22 41 ۰ Ji 54 > 1 Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420 22' 48” ; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6s. 1850. | [e] , " H “ | August 9. 0 6 9 30 15 | August 9 A 6 9 41 25 de 4 August 9 | B 6 9 30 45 — 30 | MAGNETIC INCLINATION AND INDEX ERROR OF NEEDLES. 1 1 Station, Cambridge Observatory ; latitude 420. 22 48”; longitude 4h. 44m. 29. 6. à Date Needle. Hour Ther.| No. of ob- | Inclination. | Index error Remarks. Fah. |servations. of needle. ۱ 185 3 G ° , ” ” August ٩9 C Ii mcs. 75 12 74 33 50 Poles reversed. August 9 | A Wem 15 6 74 23 00 | +10 50 Augu 9 | 4 bei. 15 6 74 18 48 | 4- 15 02 : August 9۱۸ 4 30 p. m-..| 75 6 74 19 20 十 14 30 August 91 B 6 D. E TH 6 74 22 00 + 11 50 August 9 ۱ 6501.15... 5 6 74 25 50 + 8 00 š tation, Albuquerque ; latitude 359 05! 50” ; longitude Th. 06m. 31. 475. 185. 0 [e] , ” , ” October 17|€ e 76 12 62 30 50 Poles reversed. October 20 | € 5D B... 74 12 62 25 35 Poles reversed. ` October 18 | ۸ LP 75 6 62.11.40 4.4.16 38 October 18 | / 2m 15 6 62 14 30 + 13 42 October 19 | / ۴۱ K. m. 73 6 62 08 25 十 19 47 October 21, B Ja ۳ ll 13 6 62 20 20 + 7 52 ا‎ 13 5b. 35 6 62 18 10 十 10 02 Station, Zuiii ; latitude 350 07' 04.49 ; longitude Th. 13m. 16. 44s. Date. Needle. Hour. Ther. | No. of ob- Inclination. pe gis error Remarks. : Fah. | servation. f needle. 1858... e" EST : : November 22 | C.. Ip ——— 76 12 62 01 47 Poles reversed. A November 21| B. 3pm. 74 6 61 55 30 十 6 7 162 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. RESULTS FOR INDEX ERRORS OF NEEDLES. Station. Index error of | Index error of dle A. needle B. Cambridge Observatory.------- +15 02 + 11 50 Cambridge Observatory.------- + 10 50 + 8 00 ambridge Obs t + 14 30 Albuquerque sssr seee s: سم‎ a + 16 32 + 7 52 Albuquerque... aa S + 13 42 + 10 02 تر و سا‎ uo. me جج ہشام‎ 十 19 7 Di + 6 17 | | Means + 15 04 十 8 48 INCLINATION AT CAMBRIDGE OBSERVATORY, MAY 10, 1854. o , " Needle A. with deflectors TE 42385 10 Needle E with deflectors 74 39 07 Needle B, with درو و‎ T4 39 مہ‎ Needle wi € deflec TE 34 1 74 31 00 Needle A， diet 74 38. 02 Mean inclination T4: 33 27 APPENDIX F. MAGNETIC INTENSITY. The following extracts from a letter received from Professor W. C. Bond, Director of Harvard College Observatory, contains important data for the determination of our magnetic results : HARVARD CoLLEGE OBSERVATORY, Cambridge, January 2, 1855. My DEAR Sir: * * * * * * * * * * The total intensity at Cambridge, in 1842, was 1.777, and the change from year to year is probably very small. The details of the observations made with your instrument at Cambridge, in December and January, 1844—5, by Colonel Graham and myself, are in the possession of the former. I find only the following memoranda: MAGNETIC RESULTS. December 30, 1844.— Temperature, 399.5 ; needle, B; weight, 3.0 grs. ; intensity, 1.2960 " ed 399.5 ہو‎ í D وہ‎ 1.2960 " T 399.5 m UK oe " 1.2900 ٠ ie 399.5 T $ ` رو‎ - 1.2890 Mean by both deflectors 1.3014 January 2, 1845.— Temperature, 36° و‎ — A; vop ”: : grs. ; intensity, 1.2870 xs de 36? C d 1.2940 "e e" 36° ' ` T ge ES 1.2980 January 3, 1845. ٠ 19° ETE E "o 45 id 1.3010 " D 197 ` 90 ns 1.3020 ue E 269 ç "T 6 vid 1.3120 The foregoing results are given uncorrected for temperature changes. Mr. Fox obtained at Falmouth, England, in September, 1844, with the same ہے‎ at temperature of 609 REECH 1.000; — 1.374 Sabine. It will be necessary, in case of differences occurring in the determination of the intensity at different years, between 1844 and 1854, to suppose a uniform change in the needles. To convert Mr. Fox's unit to Colonel Sabine's, multiply the former by 1.374. Thus, total intensity at Cambridge: Fox, 1.293 x 1.374 — 1.777 Sabine. 164 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. MAGNETIC DIP AT CAMBRIDGE. 1840 T4". 2] 1844.. 74° 18' 1849 TAO 24! DECLINATION. 1840 9? 18' W. 1844 9? 39' W. 1852 d 109 08' W. 1854 10° 39' W. With much esteem, I remain, dear sir, yours truly, W. C. BOND. Lieut. A. W. WHIPPLE, Topographical Engineers, Washington. The total intensity at Cambridge, May 4, 1842, was reported to be, by Sabine’s unit, 1.7982 ; which number is used as the standard of comparison in the following table. Supposing the weights that are used, and the magnetism of the needles, both to remain con- stant, the intensities of the earth’s magnetic force in different localities are inversely as the signs of the angles of deflection at those places. By the observations made at Cambridge, in 1850 and 1854, it is found that the magnetism of the needles suffered a change between those dates, and a correetion has been made upon the principle that the diminution in intensity progressed at a uniform rate. 165 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 180 JU9UINIFSUT JO 9987 YALA Á[uo ۵۳۲۲۲ goes SIU 19 ۹0۵۵۵۹00 » | | | | Tv | 1 | 1889 ‘T 0۶ 9۵ og | co 09.9% | EE oP EMT E -onbionbnqly op oq 199 1 999 "۲ | [ ٦ 0c L0 £8 | ۲6 ۲6 OG | 90 86 Og | GT 99 oc op t6 MM LE "v "esSppqueo | § Dod tot, dump تفت‎ | IIIS Y 1889 ۲ 9۶ £0 96 | 90.09 GZ |” opc سوہ ہے و‎ = eubioeunbnq[y | op oq SPEO] wesst 6861" 96 60 $8 | 66 6 0% $0 86 8 ST 99 6 op ۲6 A | 8 ۳۰۰۰۰۰ ۰ 920۳۵۳0 | 6 990 a dure) e 0919 `T 1889 ° Sh 60 96 | 90 09 6 op "6 JM Lj ==== -enbionbnq[y | op oq 7 8699 ۲ C861 * 98 ۲0 £8 | Tc ۴٢ 08 | 90 86 08 | GT 99 6 op "E یی‎ P """"eSspuque) | T 090 ا ایی وو وو‎ divo 219° 9619 'I 1889 ° 0I 69 6 | co 09 6 op E "LA ga serene 0" 7۳٣ op oq WM *019 'I 88617 09 0088 | 6I Pz 08 CU Sc 08 9۲ 99 63 op ۴6 “IM | Í 777777 ۰ ۵80۱10۳۷0 | 0g ‘AON سو‎ a dom? — : FELI'T 1889 ° 06 90 96 | 90 0€ 6 HK $ "IM í d 7777 “077٣ op od "s 9919۰۲ | 280610۲ | 09 89 z€ | ST ۲۵ 0۶ | 90 86 06 | ST co oz op--fz 4A | S | ` وی سر‎ gz ‘Aon reco" bns: ech €619 `T 1889 * OT 69 97 | 90 0€ 6 etr op" GMS 7777 = 7ی‎ op 21 2919 ۰۲ | 386L'L | Oz 09 ze | LL FE 08 | 90 82 0۶ | GI 99 ec op-iz 4M | g kon | رس چرمر' چو‎ dum) béi 8989 7 1889 Tt 99 ZG Sz 90 09 7 0077212۸ | f |` ``“ ənbionbnqry op ot 2289 "I 9819 `I 2862 ‘TI GF 6F 28 FL جج‎ 08 90 83 08 ST €9 6% OP EME ۱ ۰ OMPI) | gg AON Leet 6 ende d 9989 '[ 1889 7 90 وع‎ 7 co 0€ 5 0۳۰6 1M | 1 777 - 077٣ op eq 8889 `T ۲189۰۲ | Z862'L | OL 9۶ 2۶ | 10 32 ۲۶ | 90 88 0g | ST 99 6 0۳-16 1۸ | f 7 و8۴‎ | z ‘Aon |` mnz wou ‘o, dumo e LLL ۴ 1889 ۲ 00 TO 96 GO 0€ 93 E WAR? IM ۱ t ---= - او‎ ۷ op oq 1919 1 1619'L | 5801۳۲ | OI 87 26 | £0 ۲2 O£ | €O 86 0۶ | CI 99 GZ 002-6 4A | 6 Io -93puque) | et 'AoN |---- poy uonduosul 89 'I L669 'T 1889 'I OT 9F 2% 90 0€ 6 1 08 ` E ANE 7777 = 7 op od el 8189 'I 7861 ‘T 9] Sb 28 | $9 86 0€ | 90 86 08 | 9۲ 99 6 0۳-12 38 ۳ eee - əBpuqumo | LI SE | vr mme PETER, 4299 'I L889 “TI 90 c0 8$ 90 09 6 0۳۳۰۰2 9M | f |722 ° ۲ ie 0499 ۲ 2862 I 09 66 8 19 &@ OS 90 85 08 9۲ 99 66 ۰0۳0۳۰۲6 9M | € Je ۰020۳۵0 | cL ex Ee, dure) š 9609 'I 1889 ` 96 GF 6 GO 09 GZ 0p^77$ 9M | 8 [777 0 ۲ op "0109۸00 689 "1 ۲989 ۰۲ | sait | 92 oF ze | 09 86 0۶ | عو وہ‎ 08 | 9۲ 99 Gc op--fz 4A | S یس وش‎ | pg ‘AON ری شس شر‎ 1989 I 3689 'I 1989 ۲ 96 LE 1 09 88 ZI 0۳۳۲۰۲ IM | € ۱۳۳۲۰۰۳۳۳۳۳۳ ۰89918] | gI AON af 1090 RÎ ont 1989 7 1889 I 0c 9F 6 09 $F 6 oP" IM | W ۰ ۔‎ ۲ 6 . RON ی دی‎ ai d [| ۲ 0199 “TI 90 09 6 05 ۶۲ 92 ۵0۳۰6 2W | M | 9 due) op 0 6089 I بیس یا چو‎ Se Ge OF 90 0۶ L8 GF GE 8 9I 19. 98 op "6 او‎ ۱ op 16 “PO eq 6189 "۲ | XS -00 7E eR 80 6۲ 0% OT 66 08 €0 99 6% ueo iz “TAL E op op eq 1889 [I 1| 38801 TTT IVA qI چو وا‎ SF AMI 98 99 LT 99 ST ST té uog 007) 8| V op op oq 89689 6... 7 96 ۶۲ Lt 9۶ L0 ۲ 96 TO 9I 09 2۴ 9۲ ۱۳-110 Woy oft) N | V op 80 DCL $689 [ ۰۰ S NL E STANT 09 6 LI 06 16 LI 09 70 8I 0 woy cO) S| q Ka op of ۱ 9۳69 T ۱ سوہ‎ IS UI LY ۲۶ 9I GF 986 9T 09 60 LI (“di wo o07) 'N | q op IS ‘po eq 90] ۲ TAT GB OT Te | 9] 9۶ 66 | 9۶ 868 62 | OI LP 08 [Cdi dde qu) ^N | ۴ op op to: 6134" | 3864"I | OF I9 FE | TG 9L SE | ۰09 4088 | OF 90 FE ۳۳۰۰۲6 ddy 98) 'g| Y |=""""“oSpuqueo | er ‘Wo U N ون‎ 7٣ i VILE dE de O Hn Ww E Huy 7 "8981 "0981 ‘qun ‘yun ‘oyep qu reet ‘OT Au) ‘6 ۴ s outqug 8 s ouqes Aq 'uorvjs qv | uosptreduroo ‘£103PA199q0 | *£10]9A198q0 10707800 £3| ‘TONES qe uostreduroo| 2800 107 peonpo(q os priquie;) IV 93priquiv;) YY -ISU94UT 107 | 3161103۲۷۲ 10] oov[d 1۳ 3[nsər ree 队 | 10} s}nsoy “qisuəjur "10309]9(q e[peoN|'uosrreduroo 10J eoeId ` omg "mom? | *uonoogop Jo ۴ | ‘20111101 3001 420 00-1101 fo سد‎ oy] vau Raaing ۵ geg ou, uodn suoynjs cis-uj40f yo fipsuopuz oyouborr sof suoyvasasgg fo uoynjndmoy MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 166 | seent | 1889۲ | $0 86 9% R pa ec | 90 JA - Mee ae و‎ e = 9' ۵1۶9۶۲ | 2861] | 09 I? 8 0۶ | 90 86 0۶ | 9۲ 99 62 opfer j 99 T ۸۱ oe d | Z86LT | 9% SP IP eg z8 18 | GF 98 18 | 9۲ ۲9 98 ۵۳7 -. 46 ta a -oSpuqump |t "qəq TIT dump 6199'E | 1889۰۲ | 00 2L 96 | $0 09 cz 0۳776 1۸ | @ [1777 7 ۲ op ا ی واه‎ enn | groot | وی‎ | O9 G6 ee | SP SG 08 | 9083.08 | ST 99 G6 op--fg 2A | S o C oSpuquso | og ‘wee --7--7-77760I duro | 6829۰] | 1889۰۲ | 09 99 93 | 90 09 5 00 e / snbxonbnqIV op M ; | ezto" 28617۲ | 08 £C ۲۶ | ZP 96 08 | 90 86 0۶ | 9۲ 99 6 op íz ` op "T. 72 ET | 0619 "1 2861۰] | 0098 GP | 093€ ۸8 | 9۶ 96 18 | 9T LG 98 00-78 3A | q [-77--eS3pHquiw) | gg ۶ gor dum) | 6299 "۲ | 1889۰۲ | SI 92 96 | ٩0 09 8 002-8 9۸۸ | q [7777 “onbionbnqry ----0p od q dl Son: 861۰۲ | 96 98 88 | 98 96 08 | 90 82 OS | 91 99 62 0۳07-16 2A | gd op op : od ch 3979 1 286171 | et Eb IP | Cb zt LE | Cb SELLE | of 19 98 op--78 4A | a [77° e3puquw) | gg | dure) | ۸299۰۲ | 7٦٤ SES SEL d SI دا‎ -onbionbnq]y -``-op oq ont 4| 2199۰۲ | 68617] | GT 86 88 | 68 96 og | GO 86 0۶ | ST 99 6 06 op aE ا‎ Tieni 9299۰۲ | Z86L'T | 90 2€ 1۴ | 68 26 28 | SP 96 LE | 9T L9 98 0۳-78 IM | q [7777777 o3puqueo Ig "got gor duro, 2889۰] | 2889'I | 08 99 cc | 90 09 % ۴ Ne? = g === - enbienbuqy ----op oq 8219 T 1199۰۲ | 2861] | Cz 90 88 | SI 9c 08 | 90 88 08 | GI 99 6% ہہ‎ A اد‎ Ta s حم‎ $019'L | G86L'I | 9۲ 69 OF | 61 GG LE | 9۴ 96 LE | 91 19 98 0۳778 1۸ | q oSpuquieo | 6 وپ‎ 96 dump» ES a eg 6899۰۲ | Z86L'T | OOLT Se | 69 ۶6 08 | 90 86 08 | SI 99 6 0۳۳712 3A | a ` "op وو سد ہا ہے‎ recort $| esst یو‎ | SP SL IP | TO ee 28 | C SE 2t | 9I 16 96 op" 4A | S [7777-7 - 93pHquie) | 65 6 15, de eent | 14889'T | 08 99 96 | 90 09 Së op m z >= 7 enbienbnqpy |**^-0p**77| '8L9 ' 919۰۲ | Seit | 09 69 Zs | FFIEC 08۶ | 90 86 0۶ | SI 99 6 0016 1 Op ۸ ` و‎ ۱ T ; 9619 T | soit | og GF OF | erie ze | oF GG Le | ہو‎ 19 98 See l| سی سا‎ SD oq وود‎ dum) (| 1699۲ | 1889 | 0۶ 60 98 | 0 sg UG 9p E - ue. en 07 = = £199 8899] | 961۲ | SO OL EE | SF FG 1 0۳ ین‎ A ۱ MU c ; $ (| 0699 I | satt | OLIO | 171848 | Sh St Le | 9T 19 98 OP EAM) dg |---^--eBpuque) | Lt “q "og 0 | €699'I | 18991 | 08 609% | €0 0€ 86 op: m g === ×7 op oq : | #999" 2861۰] | 008088 | Gv FG 0۶ | SO 88 08 | ST 99 6 0-٦ op op t BS | 9899 ۳ 2961 ' | 9460.17 | 08 18 1 ۱.9۶ 96 le | Of 40 98. | ` op---8 3A | g [77777 *o8ppiqueo | gt mat P duo (| oemt | 1889T 0% 8] 9% | 90 09 9% ma 人 - ^77 "enbienbuq[y |--^-0p o 2991 4| 6899" C861" 0۲ 91 £g | IP $6 0g | $0 8c 08 | GI 99 6G op op op ; ہہ“‎ pt ( 1599 1 en 1 OF IT IF LE 18 28 oF °g 8 0119 98 1... ° "A | a CC" oSpuquno | gt ‘oog |` چوی‎ 9 ; 8199۰۲ | 1889'[ | $0 1095 | 90 0€ 6 op---8 3A | vg ۰۰۰ ۲ op RE 8899 T ۱ 6899۰۲ | 686۰۲ | 98 91 EE | 18 78.08 | 9085 08 | GI 996g | 0۳2716 4A | q [----98ppquw) g 0 ig dueg ; P899 ۰۲ | 1889'1 | 88 01 9% | 90 09 93 WAN, q UL ebay | op C RE 6999 ۲ + 0299۰۲ | soot | 08 et se | 62 ۲8 08 | So 86 08 | QI 99 62 | op HIM) g ال میں وو سو‎ 7 -708 duro i ۲۲19 ۲ | 1989۰۲ | 05 10 96 | 90 09 6 WE EA | d ۱۳3۷۳ سے میٹ و تین‎ 21 1699۲ | ٢٥02:٦ | 99 1086 | 96 36 08 | 90 86 08 | 9۲ 99 6 sumi$i23A | d eSpuque) | و‎ “a 9 du) | Or WESO luf WD A eee 8 EE 898T | | . oep سو‎ FEST ‘OT Avy, ‘g ۴ $ ا‎ ws £q 8,9 >. ۱۱۱9 qu UO8TIBdUIOO | ‘A1030۸198qO ( 0 1099 ۸ ۰۲۲0۲۱۲8 8 uo Ee poa1osqo |103 poonped |83pIHqrreD y y o3priquie;) yy g -ISU93UI 10J | (1399۲0۲ |107 oov[d qu : b à j[nsox UBoI 103 Sj[nsoy[ ۵۲ ۳ y so Say 1039989 o[peoN|'uosnreduroo 103 مق‎ 6 108 l | 'penuguo)—ALISNSLLNI 01171.150776 107 SNOLLVAYASIO HO ۸707 20 ee ATO gian EN 167 MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. ہہ cq‏ کہ oo oo GO‏ دہ دہ ہ سج مج سج NANA ûn OO OO OD دہ ہہ < ہہ renee See کے کے نم‎ roi ro تس‎ e oo e ~ ۰ 90 83 08 | SI 99 8 op 78 9۲ 96 LE | 9I 19 98 Sp" 1 8 90 86 08 | SI 99 6 op” - ۴ و‎ 98 LE | 9۲ ۸9 98 908 90 83 08 | ST 99 6 تھا‎ SP 96 LE | 9۲ ۸9 98 00۰8 90 82 08 | SI 99 6 0٤۴ ch SE LE | 9T Lg ۶ 008 $0 86 0۶ | ST 99 62 رھت‎ GF 98 LE | 9۲ Lg ۶ op € 90 86 08 | ST 99 6 006 9۶ 96 LE | 9T 19 98 90 90 86 0۶ | ST 99 6 006 9۲ SE 1g | 9۲ 19 ۶ 9۳ 90 86 0g | ST 99 6 00۴ SF 98 18 | 9۲ ور‎ 98 90 GO 83 0g | ST 99 6 0٤ cy 9۶ Le | 9۲ 19 98 0۳ GO 82 08 | SI 99 62 00-6 Gh 98 LE | 9I 19 98 0۳ 90 86 08 | ST 99 oz ئ٤‎ 9۲ 96 Le | 9T 19 ۶ 90 90 86 08 | 9۲ 99 6 op""t3 جو‎ 98 LE | 9T LE ۶ 908 à op 6 90 86 0g | 9۲ 99 6 op" "fc 9۲ 96 LE | 9۲ Lg ۶ 00 OP کے‎ 90 86 08 | 9۲ 99 ٤ der? و‎ 98 LE | 9I 19 98 op" op 1 90 86 08 | ST 99 6 0۳0 Sh 9۶ LE | 91 19 98 op op A 90 83 08 | SI 99 6 00 Sh S€ LE | 9۲ 19 98 |0٤8 op op of OF 8 WOW ]۰۰-۰------- Eat 00 op op ç 091 pid L 1۵201۲ 7-۳ THT dure) op op od op 9 Wop ہدمع‎ ppr duro OD op od op 人 op Op OM op Te [oot c got ENO op op “Od op 96 qag 777777777 eer duro op op "oC op 86 qeq و۱0‎ dure op Up va op 56 Gag s.l. S 631 duro) op op T OKT 9 y) Qf سو‎ Etgen op op "OC op 08 “49H |^^^^' Bluey gp ONT op op 4 0 op 9۲ ‘Gog lr ger dur op op va ۰-----۰۰ e«puqure) | ST og [7777077777 SET dure onbaonb tay Up vu op op va ---''eSpuqumo | ef A 181 duo -777 - .و‎ 77 op oq op op M Er-*--o3ppHqummD g, aed ("°° "9" MEE OD ~--- - 7۳ op oq op op MUL ***---"espuque) | 8 Qo I" Ses "gi du ---- - 7و‎ 77٣7 op od و رنج‎ SE ML "ogg | p. Mag | += DON APPENDIX Q | Results of Observations near the parallel of 35? north latitude, between Rio del Norte; N. M., and the Pacific Ocean, for Magnetic Inclination, Declination, and Intensity. Í | p مب‎ ° 2 L 2 | | o ET 8 go 4 | | | t ا‎ E 3 i8g- | $ D o 2 wm I š | SETS E Sd EST E 8 $5 5 | Date & Name of place. E E hes 3 E FIT © š a e d A = ۹ EO E Š HE Bel 3 E RBS ` : Ec] ei > B °p ES o o 2 E zu = Z ۶ E. E =] 号 ات‎ Ë W. of N. 1850. o , "m o , "m 0 D "m o " a وت او‎ | Cambridge Observ'y..| 42 22 48.6 KEE Een 74 33 50| 9 30 15 | 1.7982 1854. | ; 1 | May 10 Dia 42 22 48.6 9:09 وهی‎ sia 74 3337 | 9 46 25 | 1.7982 1853. E. of N. 2 "NET | 59 | Albuquerque . ...... 35 05 50.80 | 106 37 52.05 | 5026.1. 62 28 12 | 13 24 35 | 1.6887 3 | Nov. 9| 61 | Isleta 34 54 27.06 | 106 39 58.80 | 4909.6 | 62 24 28 | 13 13 25 | 1.6861 4 ov. 12 | 63 | Rio San José... ....- | 35 01 09.91 | 107 14 17.70 | 5556.3 | 63 17 38 | 13 45 58 | 1.6892 5 | Nov. 14 ۱ 64 | Covéra 35 05 22.10 | 107 26 14.25 | 5879.8 | 62 26 28 | 13 49 18 | 1.6894 6 ov. 15 Hay camp9......... | 85 04 59.69 | 107 39 12.30 | 6080.9 | 35 39 08 35 56 09 | 1.5663 7 | Nov. 17 | 67 | Agua Fria | 85 01 35.56 | 107 58 14.85 | 7757.1. | 62 04 58 | 13 25 32 | 1.6872 8 | Nov. 18, 68 | Inscription Rock 1--.| 35 02 40.86 | 108 14 18.15 | 7237.8 | 62 02 38 | 12 56 54 | 1.6787 9 ¡Now 33] 70 | AB HORE s ssi 35 05 41.88 e > 53. = 6336.5 | 62 01 47 | 13 23 34 | 1. 6833 10 | Nov. 26 | 71 | Arch spring -.....-. 35 04 45.10 $ 85.85 |-8250.1 |. 61 66. 28. |.......... 1. 6822 11 | Nov. 28 | 12 | Cedar forest. Ra | 85 01 13.23 108 pe 36. H 6162.2 | 61 40 18 | 13 01 23 | 1.6788 1 Nov. 29 | 73 | Jacob's well -..¿¿-..| 35 03 53.49 | 109 14 05.7 973.4 | 61 59 38 | 13 43 41 | 1.6745 1 Nov. 30 | 74 | Navajo spring....... 35 06 19.44 | 109 20 09. m 5665.5 | 61 57 58 | 1 19 | 1.6750 14 | Dec. 1f 75 | Carrisocreek........ | 35 06 32.35 | 109 32 01.20 | 5550.1 | 62 05 13 53 41 | 1.6729 ec. | 15 [De 2| 76 Tor creek..| 35 02 07.83 | 109 40 48.90 | 5499.9 | 61.56 48 | 13 32 38 | 1.6675 1 36 [Bec 3| UH en Puerco of the | 34 57 56.58 | 109 52 12.30 | 5110.6 | 61 46 08 | 14 00 05 | 1.6677 iT l Dee 5| FB Colorado Chiquito, or| 34 53 01.95 | 110 03 33.30 | 5015.7 | 62 15 18 | 13 42 22 | 1.6705 18 ¡Deo ۵6 DEE 84 59 39.19 | 110 25 09.00 | 4735.8 | 61 53 48 | 13 39 39 | 1.60652 or ۰ ü í BID 5| B | do 7 ..| 35 01 21.03 | 110 29 42.15 | 4760.9 | 61 40 38 | 13 20 51 | 1.6633 30 | Dees. 15| 83 چپ‎ Ol 35 05 18.26 | 110 33 01.35 | 4615.2 | 61 44 08 |.......... 1. 6625 M ہہ‎ 16, 84 |... do iii --| 35 12 02.77 | 110 37 24.60 | 4618.3 | 61 45 08 | 13 39 28 | 1.6678 3 | HI |... do, ibo. dan En 85 18 11.74 | 110 52 56.55 | 4594.3 | 61 55 18 | 13 41 39 | 1. 6673 SS De MI M |... Oe رر‎ ieri 35 20 54.12 | 110 56 19.50 | 4569.5 | 62 03 18 |.........- 1. 6785 24 9 91 | Leroux's spring. ....| 35 16 48.77 | 111 39 32.70 | 7378.4 | 61 33 28 | 13 52 26 | 1.6591 25 | Jan. 9 | 96 | Cedarcreek.........| 35 20 35.09 | 112 19 34, s 5671. : 62 06 28 | 13 49 06 | 1.6738 26 | Jan. 21 103 | Pueblo creek ........ 34 56 31.00 | 112 46 09 5203 61 12 58 | 13 59 24 | 1.6522 27 | Jan. 23 | 105 | Williams river} ..... 34 59 25.55 | 112 57 29. 5 Ver 61 05 58 | 14 48 06 | 1.6483 28 | Jan. 28۱ H8 با‎ FS lL 35 06 34.30 | 113 12 41.25 | 4680.1 | 61 17 08 | 13 40 16 | 1.6184 29 | Jan. 30,109 | Near White Cliff | 35 12 26.50 | 113 21 21.75 | 4784.5 | 61 14 18 |......-..- 1. 6586 80 ¡ Feb. 1/11 White Cliff creek... 35 08 07.70 | 113 2 = 60 | 3526.1:| 60 47 58 | 14 42 25 |. 1.6476 31 | Feb. 4 112 | Big Horn springs... 35 00 51.53 | 113 3 70 | 2783.9 | 61 01 48 | 14 17 57 | 1.6311 32 | Feb. 8 | 116 | Williams’ river......| 34 35 36, " 113 = a 55 | 1656.8 | 60: 35 58 | 14 02 09 | 1.6220 33 | Feb 9| 117 Lee do - --------.| 34 32 29.60 | 113 27 34.50 | 1499.4 | 60 43 38 | 13 57 58 | 1.6215 ® This camp was upon the south side of the stream of lava which threads the valley of Rio San José. T This station was under the northern bluffs of. El Moro. f Much lava in the vicinity of this station. MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS. 169 APPENDIX G-— Continued, Kë ۰ ۳ ۱ / ; i š 8 > 31 E i F ° 3 3 Bas = E E E E 3 |3a¢ Ë Date. = Name of place. Ë E E E El Tu g KE - 8 vg 3 Es "d ES A a 8 2 = Š ET 3 - $n 3 E E EE = E 3 g. — o = Eb Ë & Eos سوم‎ G Š 3 8 E E E $38 Z Z 3 A RB 2 2 á E. of N. 1854. 0 “ “ o 1 n O , " 1 “ 34 Feb. 1 121 Williams’ river...... 34 16 51. 10 | 113 26 12.45 | 1014.7 | 60 14 28 | 13 24 19 1. 6311 35 六 dO Vo € E we 84 12 32.40 | 113 33 02.85 899.3 | 60 07 48 | 13 40 41 1. 6288 36 Feb. 16 2S choca 7 dee ا‎ 84 13 44.10 | 113 39 11.55 868.0 | 60 09°48 Lio 1. 6241 31 Feb > 20 | 126 :|[2:::..d6 OS 34 17 19.05 | 113 55 37.05 441.1 | 60 11 Ll ان‎ 1.6232 38 Feb. ۰ 21 | 128 On Colorado river....| 34 23 10.10 | 114 06 24,90 82.4 | 60 34 28 | 14 07 49 1. 6260 39 Feb. 22 1 1229 Sa a GO ave REE 34 27 26.44 | 114 11 18. 60 2106.91 60.24. WË 1. 6284 40 feb. 23 JU. 2 HO see set e 34 36 19.20 | 114 16 05.40 589.8 | 60 29 38 | 13 51 21 1. 6271 41 ‘eb. 2 Da Tq x11 Occ eee te 34 45 53.60 | 114 22 48.45 431.8 | 60 47 48 | 13 35 41 1. 6292 42 March 1] 13b ji... 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ME A --------- £380 0 ۱ ۰۰ ۰. $6 |ST'CI g "0۶۸ ۳۵۴ ۰66 ILLO [90 I*69 | 9 I p as sojo 2070640۲ wr'dgpueg (|......... o GER ‘ š ‘ez anze ۱۳۵9۲ ج0 00ا‎ | g'z9 | 0789 | -- yosung ہے وت‎ دا یتسہ‎ CH زمر ا‎ SF eset مت ی‎ Dod [DS ror | 9.89 | FT چو .جم ا‎ gre ny RRR e ہووت سڈ‎ eegal O fF 7°") 98 6۵۰۵] |L'8PL 91۲ 68 9۶۲۲ 68 ۶۲ 86 9۲ | 6۳99 | 9 9 ۱۰-86 0۳6 Á: 'suoreAiosqo [[€ Buma i | bei à à : bitis es "anco aito be i — “00 use ۱9۵۴۰68 بن‎ ۱۲۲ OT ۱00 9۶ | ۵ ME ےس‎ ` ge ie" ` rr" چرموو‎ | € FMS | وو‎ ۱88 ۲۲۲ 9۰۵۴۸, ۴۲9۰66 ۱95 0۴ ۲6 06 ۱99 08 | 9 dn ¡e ----- وع‎ so r ےہ و‎ g r7 £L ۱96 SI ۱6۰۵71, 80۲ 62 886 |[9'9T FF 6۲ | 9 ! wë dq; be x 9 £ LH E و‎ JE P laial ra | "uon | & E ZS | ٩ "qma ۱۰١۰ ‘aoro | 0 7 $ -purup| up ` d PM £1 | 90M | ۲ EE : h à à T emm - ~- i E z | 'epei3muo) | "jpquorqejgp "Sx reuroq 'spno[o B š d 0810111190 | ‘proque | El A gt qo m gi “PUM -ed مر‎ 8000 | ۰٥٥۸01070۸0 Jo ۲ 'penunguo)—SNOLLVAHSSSO 'IVOIOO'TOLVRIIO ANV 41 CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 209 quopoynsuy *uoryernp “ur op jo "ur 'd g ye ومسەد‎ jugrg — josuns pue "ur "d g 19999 poprsqns { mt gp put "ur ^? 01 uooagoq osor pura 5Azed “suoryeazosgo pe Sang — TT ۸ 09010.10 3uvjspp pue Surujqsi[ JO Seuseg Juru 0 SuruoAo "mt ۰ y pue y Ue9A49d popisqns ‘ur v [T pue for U984j9q 9801 put, .kzed 'suopyeA108q0 1Te Sung — 01 Amr ‘ DIO. رورت‎ apos My 51989 m.. 781 | .S23 | 178.8|..... 645 0 ا و رد‎ GChe "am oO ie 635 W (tee 165.1 MIE | Tila. . 655 | | LE Nd. e OTAN 92 <. . 643 | | 8۷2299 790 | .769.1 8 سب ای‎ . 642 | | ee ee 12.19 p. m.| .781.| BOB td 70 . 618 | Ee ,>ء-‎ : 785 | bl SL کے ز8‎ . 618 0 Mr Y T E. . 620 0 MOMO E مت‎ 700 | 7001 Mo. . 62 See E 30:19 MM | 91 .193. FB. Giese ss . 618 0 MORO مت دی‎ 185 ; 100 1 E Ll . 610 0 us ET WELL Es 622 0 WE Cc ues 700 | .733 | ga lu... . 618 0 ui oec its, July 6|8.152.m..| 781 071 78.2 GE . 664 0.3 | Cumulus, 5... 295.۳41 Sk -.| .655 0.3 do 241 MAI SR 4 sss 656 0.3 do 796] TL] 297. متا‎ 660 0.3 do June 28.—Clear and calm. July 4.—Clear and calm. 29.— Clear and calm. 5.—Clear and calm. * Dr. Shumard, geologist and naturalist upon the exploring expedition of Capt. Marcy, furnished us with the accom- panying series of thermometrical observations made at Fort Smith. They are of particular interest in the determination of the character of the climate at this place. For the year ending June 1, age - — temperature was 659.47. The mean for August, the warmest month, was 890.4. The lowest, 349. 84, w the n for January. But one storm of snow was recorded during the year; that was two inches, in January. Ya o چس‎ every month ; the least in Septem- , , and January, averaging one and eer dy inches. May appears to } be the rainy season—twelve and one-six- teenth inches having been measured during the mon For the year the recorded was s fifty-one an and one-fourth inches. There were two hundred and nineteen moist days, cighty-two of which w rain e e e hundred and cpm دس‎ pr ig $ و‎ not having been noted. "The mean temperature of the summer سی‎ ` O. 98 ; w^ autumn, 699. B: de 20. 28 ; , 630,57. The highest temperature esch Së was 1049, Apdo the lowest, 49, in Jan E ہت‎ ei is that during which the place was visited by the امت‎ 214 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. I I 1 dial s Í E . 1888 %u | 3 E B ER gë Wind. | o ۰ i $ "AE £ وا ہو‎ Station . Date. Hour. E Ey EF £ E S SEI ae Clouds. E q = E 8 5 9 E a E d = o o c کہ ے لاڈ‎ Pi Ka £ 2 "AE S (ZE Be ° 3 | S K ES 7 SSA AS o 2 Š a ط جا‎ | 88 8 BR) $ S A E < < 2 CH e = 1853. Fort Smith ...... A مق‎ 781 29.790 ۰86 Bil ss. 29. 604 0 ae TEE 185-|-.. 46 81 a.c . 606 0 MOMO: سے‎ ció 784 77 2. 07 . 608 0 WANG A A 190-.-.413£ | 86, 31 :.... . 600 0 HORE ٍ 4 0 9 p. m. 7811.88 O 74ء‎ 0.3 | Cumulus, 5-.- 785 823 TE IEIÍ:... 685 0. 3 do 784 846 7۲19 ۳ بت بو‎ 694 0.3 do 190 . 792 T isca . 684 0.3 do Donde + July... 96 Mi l 781... ..8607 BE 0 2... . 676 فافع‎ BL ii . 670 | 784 860 8144553. . 676 i 790 .812 Bl, 6۱ Il... . 672 à | Jl p a 781 i Gem 53585. 2 | A EE N.W...| 0.2 | Cumulus, 2... Í 785 r SF 84: 人 GUR s... N W... 0.2 do | 784 845 64; ME LEE RW scl 04 do i 790 786 85; 2 2 25221 04 2222 ا‎ 02 do Hp mi 81) 48 188 li. H- 24d N.W...| 0.2 | Cumulus, 3... 785 . 791 ST. c. 和 N.W .. T ہا‎ do 784 818 1 0 644 0 NOW SUID WA do 790 755 BT, Goon oc 0. 92ص‎ NW- 83 0 6.10 p.m... -781 |-..813- UC BS یی دا‎ ¿AA N.N. 1 None cies 785 . 808 65. 1 EE NNW 1 do 784 «819 6 9 ند دش‎ EE NNW 1 do 790 E o IE 727 ای را ل۲5‎ Pans WEE do Bê SE. July .8|934a. m... 781| .889 | 83.8|...... MS رر‎ 89 N.W...| 3 | Cumulus, ہے1‎ 783 . 883 B$ Lu. 2004 12:1 RW... 8 do 785 871 dE) EE CERO eege NOW... 3 do 784 892 8B, Biss. ws E 80ھ‎ 8 do | 790 .835 83:410 سے‎ +500 1... wea ZC do 3.15 p.m..| 781| .783 | 87.9]...... mal سے‎ Eo 1 | Cumulus; 2... 783 1-119. 81.31... GO Luo IAN >. ہے‎ £ o TRG. 1.9701 7 STA. ی و‎ No 1 o t 1-2299" OTB) 010 IN... 1 o 90 EE E, Ee 1 o 6f p. m... TE LIS کے 2021 ناوات‎ Null 1 Nimbus, 8.... 783 .762 80.61 —... 61T 1 :. NISI. 1 do 785 140.1. 80, Aur Gio اس نی‎ E. EES 1 do 84 115 وہس او :0ت‎ SUID NICE Nau da 1 do i 580 |. 716) 580 | Bees 1 do | Tio. لس‎ July 9|9a.m... 781 |. .850 | Saa AL SW. 2 | Nimbus, 7...- ss | sssi ls ege Bi - 8۷۲. 2 = | E CN EE e COSE. Ee AW 32 0 i 784 815 و و‎ 67 OIE 92 ہے وی‎ Š 0 了 S504 |. à: S.W..| 2 o Bm. os 781 |..790 L 18. 61... vl 00078 0 3 Nimbus, 9...- 783 791 T8. bloss. Si ce RES EE o 785 11۹4 18.91 ES 919 as ioco 3 o i 784 | .896 | ںی‎ 2 SIBI... RE. o | 790 tee TOL 619 |... BI. 3 ; | ری ترک‎ lj) .Wi| Bb ê |a ux $ | Nimbus, 9... 783 . 746 he Bie E dioc ^u ۱ 785 134] OE 77 JONE EE D EE Ë lo 784 . 759 8% Duci. Dog 2 و‎ BE- ea 0 Í 790 3 8L 8... OBERE : 75 BE. (۳۶ 0 53 p. m...| 781 745 T. i ea sm : ۵298 مت‎ BSc $ Nimbus, 9---- cT Lë ER NET ENS Fa 0 185 149 98998 00% 1: 2... BEBE. Ë o T 18۶ | Tri + 697 22 از )تم‎ 1 0 x 22A 1.499 U8: EE £000 1:15. SSE d 0 July 6.— Light breeze and few clouds. : 6 p. m., & | رووا‎ howery, July 1. — Light breeze and few clouds. July 9. —] m., showery ; 3and 5j p.r do. BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 215 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. Š ¡add le : | SAS ^ پت‎ E c E | cas "E Wind. a ° S E | d ZE Š ë Station. Date. Hour. E - ےا‎ e 3 ES>|ag82 Clouds. B پچ‎ 138 | 8 (8558 es d 一 S o D 50.45 a 2 ~ 2 ہب‎ P aq E B geil Og = 3 o 42 o bei = <= E ° 8 8 Š 5 2 (€ 4 | 8 8 اه‎ E8] š 5 A Ë |4 24 | کم‎ O A E 1853. Fort Smith .....- July 11|9a.m-..| 781 29.770 | 80.6 COMM iocus: N.W..| 1 | Nimbus, 2...- 153] .T08 |.-80. 2488 ES N W- l o 185 | .75 0.5 . 7 594 |. esas 2 ۷ 38 0 4| ERR G ee d Qe N W i 0 MONT SE blo SRL a NW. 1 o Da سا‎ Tell 107,198 3 u E geg B.W...| 1 | Nimbus, 3.... 183] TO e: 87 298 ۱ دیب بم‎ 8۲۲-۱ 1 0 Tao | A E 9E REN 58 ET Le 8.W...| 1 0 784 | .667. | 82, 8|....-: Sh وھ‎ Ew. 3 o ET CTI J. 82.5 i ST Zb HW 4 do وہ ہت‎ | ۵9 |..85.2...... E, O 8.W... 0 | Nimbus, 0 ji ۱ Q5 8 S BER | SW... 0 do 73777:7519: LBE c BI ان سی‎ E od do T4 | .088 | bs BB | 7 W...| 0 do 190 | .. 650: L ap, Ls CAE Lem BN. 0 do 6 p.m....|. TSE | .692 1:84 تا‎ —— . 525 0 BUE. ac 0 REE BHL | A . 524 0 NUM مت ھت‎ 85 | .654| 84.6 .520 0 f RoBi ہے‎ UI ME A 1 0 NOUS. A sn DET E .522 ۶ Ness. et LLLI 111798 a 181 723 GE EE N.N.W.| 1 Nim. & cir., 2. conici 199 TAB 9 dos... dr M mean N.N.W.| 1 do 6 SEE: 1.28 COME 27 . کے‎ N.N.W.| 1 do 184 | .120 |. 78.9.5... uL o N.N.W.| 1 do TO] UMD اد .| 2068 8ی‎ N.N.W. 1 e TEM 8l 1.88515... 560 0 | Cumulus, 5... ABT. ۱/48 s. 564 0 ORs تہ‎ 784 94 50 Shaan 54 0 NONO a 790 | .690 | 83.5|...... 554 29.560 0 Ga. S Camp Wilson do 8} a.m-..| 781 29.755 | 79.1| See N.N.W.| 1 | Nim. & cum., 12m ¿IBAS A E | 0 Cumulus, 3... زی‎ med IL | 138 | 88.3| OD | | | 0 | Cumulus, 3-- 6 p. "OM. coca .708 | 83.5 21.4 | | 0 ` MR سخ‎ De llle July 18 8إ‎ 9 mesat 181 | ¿498 |. 79. 724-26. Ip]: 2614. ار‎ ences NNW E Nünb i 0 103 a. m..| 781 816 | 85.8| 29.9c| .615 |.....- N.N 1 Cumulus, 1... 7و‎ 781 |. .795 | 90; ESRA |... - 3 |Nim.& 4 AP. m... al OH toa + BB. 01-90-8061 7512 | vi D: دی‎ 1 Nim. & cum., 3 im. TSE وه ۱81 18,536 ء17‎ r SET 3 | Nimbus 8. 6ھ 28.40 83.2۱ | 33 78 ار کو و‎ o 2. p. m.- 81 | .730 | 86.9| 25.5c E i Nowe سیت تی‎ I0-p.3n...]- 781 | ..618 ۱:۵: GU 24 86۱ 0 0 Noe 2 E July 14|62.m....| 781 | .786 | 74.5, 23.9c| .631 o NEC دی‎ 二 0 e SE 9a.m....| 781 | .796 | 81.0| 27.0c| .609 ۱ Nue. LL... 103. M--.- 181 800: |... B4. Loss. COE وپ ری‎ DW... I Nimbus, I RAUM a B... 181 TO -BT Haz 595 L.xo 8۹0۷7 ار‎ 1 limbus, 2.... ۵ 900 e 14 cg SED. | 90.815... 606 ses EN S1 Nimbus, 1.... | EM... TB) 2706. 91. 3 CS Bee ET... 1 | mbus, وا‎ 1135... BL 74708 | SL جم دم‎ 592 | 0 | Nimbus, 2 SEET A 1E 5-99 $e .... . 589 | 0 .& (c ni اک‎ E leet, . 589 | 0 | Cumulus, 1... SEC Cl OE LO BCR FEM IL. Moos | 1 | None تی‎ e CUM. ISP | Ebo... .570 .. 0 | Cum. &nim., 1 E 7 TRE Sa 93 | ہہ ہے 567 . مس‎ E E s p BR at TIE. 151 19.5... .560 wl d 232. ——— E FEX TA ¿TU ۰ TL ss... E Leu EU 0 E July 10.—9 » m., rain 145; in. during the day w m 10th; ceased 2} p. m.; cloudy rest of the day and evening. 11.—-1 gultry. Showers during the ev July 13.— At p 55 p. m. a breeze sprang up, لم نیس‎ by a heavy shower; rain ceased at 3.40 p. m.; quantity, گر‎ in.; sky partially covered with clouds. 6 p. m., sultry. 10 p. m., evening clear and calm July 14.—6 a. m., clear and calm. 8 a. m., ditto. 9 a. m., ditto. 8 p. m., clear and calm. 9 p. m., ditto. 216 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued, Š 8 ای به‎ š k 3 s; [3982/79 Wind E 8 | 2 |3^"3| 83 | Station. Date. Hour. - E E 7 3 E E 8 Š Clouds. n : 3 , S | سب‎ P = EI Be ot B a o 2 Q = gel E ۵ 2 ° 3 z (4 E | 885| ۲ 5 E 5 a >B |3 35 Bechet MP OT 1853. Camp Wilson --.-| July 14 | 10 p.m...| 781 |29.710 | 77.2 29. 549 0 Nóng 22052222 p.m en A Ee .548 |29. 578 0 Bent ces Camp No1...... July 17 | Sunrise -.-| 790 |29.598 | 71 29. 501 0 Cirro-stratus, 9 Ta m..5o790 1-018 ee T8, E s ss 502 0 Cirro-stratus, 9 8 &;:m 2790 ..640 | Tg. اھ‎ . 2. EMIL EE NH Cirro-stratus, 6 ها‎ ..-:15T90.]..850 | 8L 99... LEO E N.E T Cirro-stratus, 6 103.m.;-5]15 790.] -. 642 |—^86 IL... PIU uou. Blocco 1 Cirro-stratus, 2 fla. dol 198 639 88.8. ی‎ 4,486 02 BB ۲ سیل‎ ITO- weg ratus, 1 13 x 790 G27 1۰:81:86 1 1. .481 مو ہا‎ AA ES 790 627 5 SL مات‎ 485 0 Cir. aon. D EE 790.1... 6PL 1°90. AA E Ee BRE. | 42 T "Se op. نھد‎ SP 790 . 615 9 ۰ 7 .469 0 Nono succo. 4 p. m.- 790 . 601 9T A 464 GE CRORE 0 6 p.m.-.1 790 | .581 | 88 6 رت‎ . 463 0 | Cumulus, 2... 5p. m... FS 0 582 85 86 . 465 0 Cumulus "3 n eeu R i A i a . 465 0 Ciro-stratus, 1 8 p.m. Sk 796 . 590 80 وٗے ات‎ 481 0 None... TE ALE 1810 090 P893 یر ا اک‎ . 506 0 None z; ےئ ا‎ 108 m... 781.| ..694 |. 88 612 . 493 0 None 2222; Jls.m...p 181. |..088 | 86 his . 483 0 NORE minna Tilo 781 5176 کے ما‎ posis .481 0 None c کر‎ s AO e GBF ae o. . 485 A 2 p MC acht D 008 | 90 o .472 0 None 222.22. 3 p.m Tali- Sf | 92 Lu... . 466 SIN و‎ 56 ap. کے رو ہار‎ E 664 | 90, EE . 471 0 NON EEN, Dip. mo ھ٣‎ . 644 OS E . 471 0 RON aaia 6 p..m...cp 181...642 | 84.6...... . 477 0 None ........ T p.n. 781 638 1-82 Se soos . 471 0 NODO Lo. ¿z B .8111ا وہ تو‎ EA .490 0 و ری 00ن‎ ees Dh 2... s... July 18 | 3 p.m....| 790 | .628 | 89 | 90 .490 0 Cirro-stratus, 4 4 p.m....|.790 | .630 | 89.5| 1 . 498 0 Cirro & nim., 4 Dp Mea ele . 494 0 Cirro-cum., 2 ۔‎ 6pm... T90 F 0% . 498 0 Cirro- = T p. m....| 790} .606 | 82.5] 83.8 494 0 i ; nim., 7. p.m... 79 . 81 | 83 . 529 |29. 542 0 Cum. & nim., Camp No. 2...... July .19 | 14. p. m...|.. 783 129.700 | 91.5| 92 129.508 |...... F: W EC Eed. Cir. & nim.,4. 3 p.m... 783] .699 | 92.4| 9 0099ء‎ 1. 2. z NEW... Cir. & nim., 3. inu. : 785 DIF تع وق کر‎ OLA :508 |. S. W- 1 Cir. & nim., 3 5 p. mi 652 | 86 491 0 Cirrus, Fon 6 p..... T832]| 406032 | 8B 86 . 474 0 Citas, $... Tp m-i W3] LOC ۱ 81 65 | isi 9 Hora Fo. 8 p.m....| 783 | .642 | 8 84 . 484 0 Ciri, 8...... Do. July 20 |6a.m...-| 783| .666 | 76.2| 78 514 0 Cumul = 9 9 673 | 80.2) 81.1 ۵6 0 Cumulus, 1..- 8 a.m....| 783 | .696 918 E N. W..| 5 Cumulus, 1... 9 à. mii (88 8 3 Ns 4 Nimbus, 2...- 10}. a. 2 1839. .717 | 9I 93.51 DOS تیا‎ m 3.4 Nim. & cum., 3 11: & ni. 783 | .721 | 89 92.2 DI E AN PO 3 im. & cum., 3 13 Db... 83 | .722 | 92.6 195289 1:22. 24 N. W.. 4 Cumulus, 1... lp m... 183...727] | OLO 95.1 وع‎ |... N WI S Cumulus, 2... ?p5....: 783 |.-.710 | 6 FT OU NW. Cumulus, 1... 3 p.m....| 783, .708 | 90 92 TOME ELA NW Cumulus, 2... CER LL 78S |. .. 694 90 d 92 poro NW i Cumulus, 1... 5 p.m....| 183 | .689 | 85.81 86.9| .509 0 um. & nim., 1 FEM. 183 | .660 3 84.6 . 506 0 Cum. & nim., 1 July 14. rør = مہ میسو حتف‎ 11 p. m., ditto, July 12 m., clear and calm. 1 p. m., calm. 3. p.m., clear and calm, 4 p. m., 17.—8 a 4p. m., ditto, گے‎ ia, ditto, 6 p. , calm, July 22. Slight showers at 2h. 4h. and m., ditto. 7 p. m., ditto. 8 p. m., ditto Pym, e‏ ی ارس ایت NS‏ ممیت مھ ہم سی شی BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 217 | ۱ 1 | 1 H 1 | ES. Š 8 | E 2 g 522 ce ind. | 93 : E و‎ | TA ud 33 Station. | Date. Hou. | Ë D iN E | ESS 2 5 Clouds. | 3 3 = Š a Reel oe g 一 Š Fa Š bp el 99 © | H E E 15 Bee ee Ss 3 | E E (8 b grp E") f E | A E |< a ia“*is A E. | |. 1853. Camp No. 2..... | July 20 | p. m... 783 29.667 | 78.5 80.129.522 0 | Cumulus, 1... 8: چو‎ C 488 | Lem |" v6 | 79. 6وج‎ AE 0ر‎ BR July 23| 8j a.m...| 783 | .600 | 78.2, 79.5| .421 0 | Nimb Ha hp. 4852 597 52.6 85. 1^. AH 0 Nimbus, 9.... 11 a.m...| 783 | .586 | 85.5| 87.2| .394 0 | Nimbus, 3.... 193—212" 7m 592 | 87.58 90 | .403 0 Nimbus, 3.... lp.m....| 783 | .582 | 93.6 | 95 | .381 0 | Nim. & Cir., 2 T pom جب‎ 577 | 95.51 97.61 . 4 0 Cumulus, 1... 3 p.m....| 788 | .566 | 97 | 98.1 .361 | 0 | Cum. & ni 4 p.m....| 788 | .544 | 92.8 96 | 2 | 0 | Cumulus, 1... ۴00 198 513 88.1 90 | .347 | 0 Cumulus, 1. . 6 p.m....| 783| .517 | 85 | 8T | .357 | 0 | Cumulus, 1... domo. 783 520 79.5 83 372 | 0 . | Cir. & nim., 8 p. m....] 783 | .528 | 80 83.6| .376 | 0 Cir. & nim., 3- gs BUE July 24 | 5j a. m..- 517 | 74.8 7 .915 | 0 So „533 | 78.0 80. 3) .371 fe. 0 "E ۰188 | .534| 79.3 81.1 | .362 i 6 Circum, 7... 783 | .537 | 85.5| 87.5 . 345 | و‎ | Cir.-cum., 6.. 783 | .535| 92 | 93.2 .334]|......] S. W...| 1 | Cr-cu.& nL, 8 H .521| 85 807117 . 344-4262 تیگ اد ون‎ d im. & cum., 9 33, .520| وم‎ 6 84 ۱ O | Nimbus, 9.. | .474 | 73. 6 76 353 0 | Nimbus, 10... .484 | 74.9 77 353 0 |1 We l... .630 | 76 | 74 466 6 - None cobos 1 670 | 82 83.6 .496 i 0 ] v IRL 17 m... TE] acti np OF MOLE eli 0.2 4 1 p.m....| 783 | .666 | 87.5 90 481 EE N... 0.5 2 jp. m...]^ 783 |. 6652 |^ 86 788 419 پ00‎ A 0.2 9 3 p.m....| 783 | .616 | 85.5] 86.5) .446 |...... سور‎ SH 3 | 4 p. m....| 783 | .648 | 80.8| 82 491-1. 39. A "4.4. 3 | p poms Ze 642 | 78 80 DOR Lët Gë IN €... 1 | 2 | $ pm... 78s | en | T5 7 500 | | LT 3 | T paml 7 783 | 648 | T3 2774 522 | m 9 | 8 p. m....| 783 | .600|- 70 ] 73 514 | ا ہہ‎ 1 | 9 p.m....| 783 | .658| 69 | 72 | .531 o | 1 Bus 08 | July 26 | Sunrise... 783 | .698 | 61 | 63.5 .594 ©. {Noei cis 6) a. m...| 783 | .736| 64 | 66 | .614 (9 MET m ^ 66.5| 58.5 4 0 ; 0 6 0.1 1 1 : : 0 1 0 NOM LA osse D ۱ E ہے‎ 6 a.m O ORN, $... a. 3 | Cirrus, liisu | 1 | Cirrus, 15. : p : 646 | | | 0 Lo Le AD هو و‎ 2 ۱ 66 ۵5 | Pi Do..........| July 28 | Sunrise... 783 | .670 56.5] 59 | .579 | | 0 Cumulus, 3... : VO 5 TRS 754 87 Eo | .551 | | 0 a: 8 ax- | .528 | | | 0 | Cum. & nim., 4 کے‎ p.m... 189 CE 5 و‎ | ۰502 | | | 9 Loue d Bunek..— 799) 4000 | 15. 8...... ۲:۱ | | 9 | Cumulus, 3... 9 mo] 108 e Fe | 38 | . 543 | | Ics "T None ........ Dore مهس‎ 2 29 | Sunrise....| 783 3| 56.6 59 | .556 ۰ 409 eene 0 | Stratus, 2 .... Station 6-- .-do....| 9 &. m.-.-| 783 (29. 693 I 8.4 79.829.521 | LE هه‎ 1... July RT a. m., thick mist. 7 a. m., mist partially dissipated. 4 p. m., showers with slight thunder ; lightning commenced at 3 p. m. > رو‎ 28 m 1 I 218 . BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. | خر‎ ۱ GER | E E a | ی‎ 815 I 9 Wind | Eé ها 3| جا‎ 3 ¿3 i 2 ۲ E E Eve = ° = Station. Date. | Hour. | E >? | 2. 8 اج ھا‎ RS Clouds. | 2 S 158108 [BS | و‎ 8 T $ | 8 RK: IE 3/27 2 ei 212 IIS ٩ ا‎ , ° 3 | Š [^a تج‎ Sen ° [- 7 ° E Eis rs |89 5R] £ 5 z Row Da m o E 一 | | 1853. | | | | | Camp 4&4 miles.| July 29 | 12 m...... 783 29.558 |. 82.5| 86 29.383 ...... E. 1 | Cum. & nim.,- Camp No. 5 do 3 p. m....| 783 ¡29.581 | 82.8 BK MT f ME e 0 | Cum. & nim.,- 6 p. m-...| 783 | .520 | 74.6, 27.5| .405 ......|.------- 0 Cum.-ni. &st., 7 m....| 783 | 498 | 70 وو و‎ nhu... ae سو‎ a > Bo s... July 30 | Sunrise - ..| 783 688 | 62 64.8| .580 29.364 0 etim Mec tion 8 a. m----| 783 29.628 PLA EM QULA 2 ۷ ۲۷ 2... 0.2 | Cumulus i... Station 17 do. FI m... 783 ۱29, 642 | 84.2| 85 |29.462 ...... o 0.1 | Cir. & nim., 7. Camp No. 6 do- 3 p. m....| 783 [29.667 |. 88.5| 88۰ 6,29. 527 |...... e en 0.1 | Cir. & nim., 7. | 6 p. m....|. 783 | رو ےج‎ "BONS TU d n UR ASA 0 | Cir. & nim., 9- 9 p.m....| 783 | .664 | 72.6|. 75 4 O | Nimbus, 10... Do...--+----| July 31 | Sunrise - -- 783 | .648 | 72.5 77 | .514 29.442 0 | Nimbus, 10... Station 6-- 6 &.m....| 783 29.700 | 80.1 5/29. 520 ` 0 | Nimbus, Station 34 A 29.698 | 82 | 83.829.522 ------ N.E...| 1 | Stra. 6 nim., 8 Camp No. ا - ےپ لا‎ 3 p.m....| 783 29.676) 86 | 87.929.530 بانط‎ s NE. Stra. & nim., 9 6 p.m... 789 | 640 9 Poi RE N. E-..| 0.1 | Stra. € nim., 8 9 p. m....| 783 | .633 | 71.8 73 | 501 ...-.- EW E HA I..... پور و پا‎ a Aug 1 | Sunrise-..| 783, .654 | 62.5| 65 eet 33. 414 0 Cum.-strat., 7 Station 5 do....| 9 a. m....|- 783 (29. 698 853 128. 493 1-2, SET e a Station 49 |-2-.do rE oy 733 29.558 | 8 er E A EA "a geg um. & ni Station 67 .ےا‎ do 3 p.m....| 733 29.614 | 89.5. 94.529.438 | 0 | Cumulus, 3... Camp 8 |....do 4 783 29.580 | 84 29. 439 0 Toma: ٣ | Pp. Made 188 ۳ de 73 8 412 0 AP tame ۲۳۳۲ NR Aug. 2 | Sunrise 783 |. ..630 |. 68.5| 6 AS EE 1 Nimbus, 10--- Station 6 o 9 a. m....| 783 |29.498 |. 78.4). 79. 6/29. 328 |]. did OM UE Esc... do 12 m... 783 ¡29.485 9 9 129.292 Li... Cn 5 Cumulus, 5--- Camp No. 9 do 3 p.m....| 783 29.454 | 93.4| 91, 5029, 289 |...... uw... 6 |Cum.&ni 6 p.m... 8 .416 2 4| .280 0 NUUS eorr cree $-p.-m..aj 789 at 899... 75 5 . 253 0 WONG o e ra "SE Aug. 了 1-Sunrise - -| 783 | .446 Ms 78. Bea ele Ew. Jl E: و‎ 2 5 Dk... 83 . 500 |. 94. 2|. 92 e زد‎ med mu td. BEE L5] NONE. 2 ‘ DIIS جو‎ «ce 489 5410.1. 94.2. 94 "AU 77 > 27 0.7 | Cumulus, 3... Doe تی‎ Aug. 3213p m... 8 [0048 1.94.45 94.4. 282 |W...) W..... 0.3 | Cumulus, 3 رییے۔ جو جج‎ 708 ۱۰۰۰4۱0 1. 99.5. O ¿a I LW. ae oe 9 p. m- 783 | ۰439 ) |. 8 Aas ات1‎ ( . ۰,5 lee sad Cs Aug. 4 | Sunrise. e 783 110490 |. TT 78 .284 129.346 8. W....| 1 Cirro-cum., 2. Station 45. |_...do vg m....|. 783 ¡29.460 | 90.6, 91 (29.258 |.....- Ww. L4 1658 2... Station 77 5ھ‎ + y Me |. 783 ۱29. 420 |. 95. 1]. 96. 329. 211 |...... 8.W....| 4 | Cumulus, iia Station 85 do 3 p. m....|. 783 ¡29.352 L. 96.71. 9 188 | asa S.W....| 4 Cumulus, 4... Camp No. 10 do 6 p. m....| 783 29.476 | 90.5|. 91. 529. 321 0 Tone ee Ü p.m- ats OST 1. 79.1. 82. 1,304 : 8..| Nomo. oo "E -| Aug. 5 | 5F a.m...| 783 | ۰472 | 75.9| 76 | .320 [29.394 0 | Nimbus, 10... Station 31 do 9 a. m....|. 783. 29.4 81 82 . 28 0 Jir. n.,8 do 12 m. sl 783 29.528 | 84 | 86 348% 0 Nimbus, 10..- 3 Wd rei |. š 4 92 71 0 um. & nim., G p.m... 788.1 080 Jo 11.1. 78 Mi EW... 1 um & nim.,3 9 p. m....]. 788 | ۰59 4. 13۰ 16.8... 890 |... lu عم‎ - 0 | Nimbus, 2... mee dog. _ € | Sunrise... 183| .442 1, 7 3 mm . ۷٤ 0 Cir.-cum.&n., 8 Station 4 s 9 a.m....| 788 29.503 ZELUM ما‎ WA... 2 Cumulus, 7... Station 14... e 14 m... ad 783 |29. 471 |. 92.5). 92. 5,29. 267 | .مب‎ & W... 3 Cirro.-cum., 7 "à J- 3 p. m....| 783 ¡29.400 |. 4 Sa. $20. 206 1. 村 5 Cum. E nim., 8 At crossing of river ----do----| ۶ m... .500 | 88 8 3 0 Cum. & nim., 8 Ë 9 p. m....| 783 ¡29.522 | 76 si D. و‎ T. uL SLE. so... 0.2 | Nimbus, 10.. Do, sua pa. Aug. 7 |Sunrise.... .489 | 72.5 73.9| .373 on 365 Y. TOM Fes Two miles from |..-.do....| 9 a. m....| 783 29.508 | 81.6 81.529.325 2 Cum.-strat , 6. camp 12. SS ] July 30. 一 Sunrise „: hazy. July 31. Dices at ۰ 6 a. m. ced raining TETS Zei ھ2‎ m. ; rained from 6 to 7 o'clock—1. 25 inches. m, wind in gusts. — in gusts. August 5. —Rain from noo n to mi - citm August 6.—Rain from 7 p. m. for se sicot جک‎ e RE and lightning —1. 549 inch. TORT to camp 21 ہے‎ O been used. BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 219 OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. | r X. ` | E E ëal B. | - E £ اہ را‎ ef Wind. z کا‎ 3 JS £| $3 Station. Date. Hour. Ë d ls B اما‎ BS Clouds. E = > . 38 1; 3 MIB IEHIB- k: A A a (S.A | 5 ۵ | g 7 E 2 + ہے‎ Seel Š 8 g Š ۱ Š 5 += E 3۳9 اہ 5 اچ‎ 5 3 | z & |< q. وو‎ [S j A E 1853. | | Station 18 (7) .-..) Aug. 7 ۱ 1۵ ۳0222 39۳9 19 SIB 1:90 309. 880 ps ETTE ا‎ 0 Cir.-cum., 6 .. Station 25 (?) do....| 3 p.m....| 783 29.436 | 89.5 zo. Ee 0 um. & nim., 5 Camp 13 do. 4 ری 29.331 .83 88.9 |-486 .783.129 کا وی‎ dal 0 | Nimbus, 2.... ("Www 785 F .490 ]- 75 15 0489425 a OR S 0 Bnet e. اک‎ HEURE Aug. 8 | Bnunrise.:-.| 78 .48 69. 2 353 29. n T dw 8 Cum. &nim., 6 Station 39 do] 9 am: 21988 وو‎ 44001" $3.89 8& Keck, یی ...8 اد‎ 2 | Cum.strat., 7 Station 78 do IFA 83 |29.400 | 88 9 W می‎ 1 Cum. & nim., 7 do....| 3 p. m....| 783 29.366 | 94 | 96 29.174 | 0 | Cumulus, 4... Pp mac gege, el 77.8| 82 7 | 0 | Cum.-strat., 2 ie wx DNE C AM TE CH اھ‎ OEE EN 0 Nene... و‎ KEE ded Aug. 9 | Sunrise .-.| 7 . 95 00: ما .1060 1298 + وت‎ 0 Nimbus, 2.... Station 40 do a. 1983 29.105 | 85.4 ..... ES, 914 مالس‎ dal a اد‎ 4.4] None l supai Station 69 do | Pup 783° 129. 371 90 ae eee 29. 9 کب‎ 9 > ses soy E. Cumulus, 3... Station 89 do Bremm, cl TOT 29611" 90 a 29, 105 dc ë; Weekes ۱. 1 Cumulus, Basi Camp 15 2 2 TE INN se 354 0 وت‎ AA cs de Aug. 10 0 "esed ارس یی‎ Station 20 do 0 Nose idas Station 37__.. 50d 2 ( mulus 9> Station 50.......|....do 0 = 16 do 6 ] "ee ; 0 None SE Aug. 1l 0 Nimbus, 10... Station 50 do 8 Nimbus, 10... tation 37 do 2 Cum. & nim., Station 59 do 2 Cirrus, 2 7... Camp 1 do | 0 DO sos xen | 0 BO 7 BESS Sa Aug. 12 0 Cirrus, 2 2 | 5 1 Cumulus, 3... | .6 8 um. & nim., 4 | . 8 1 Cirro cum., 2 _ | 5. 2 0 Cumulus, 1... | 3.6 0 Cirro-strat., d 9 Aug. 13 | 6.9 0 None i es. | -- 188 | 1440] 95.8 93.71 .200 ہس با‎ Weeds $ Eeer 10. a mun. p TAS 354117 91 A 208 EL W... 2 PK LM fcm S; LT AV E mn ox S. W...| 0.2 | Cum. & nim.,8 1209-4. ار رو‎ DENE 1 9x9 8489 . 220 5-2 X SW. 45 ange Bi. tema T gl 41671 wg .215 0 um. & n و‎ p.m....| 7183 | .364| 71.9.....- . 207 0 Nimbus" E Spy TE s D 788 1 SA 90.3 93, 9 188 5:218 BW G1 Ciro, 1... & p m...| 188 .856]| 96.5 ONE وو یلوم‎ 8. W...| 0.1 o E: 8pm." 983-3898 ]- SK V ue 181 سے ہے ہوا‎ paz AIT SEL IKON T 65 p bre B eoo ۱۲ mic TORES TRES EH LITE | 0 NE acere iai BPM T8S | 39H] اب سی ہا‎ 195 | 0 Bone ¿a Y y mi. 183 318 | 66.4 69.3) .209 ۰ | Nonei sida ( یو وت و اج‎ Aug. 14 | Sunrise....| 783 | .321 60.$ Gr 6 .218 29. 181 acai | 0 | Cirro-strat., 3. Station 14 do SE رو‎ 783 29-550] BAT $6529.154 داد‎ 2. ee COMMENT | 0.3 | Cirro-strat.- 3. tion 3 do Itm... 29. 2 5| 91.529.093 | 9 | Cumulus, 3..- Station 43 do 3 p.m....| 783 29.216 | 92. 92: 529,081 7... F Bio. S EE Cirro-cum., 3. Camp 18 do 6 p. m-...| 783 29.256 | 82.9| 82.9/29.103 | | 0 Cirro-strat,, 2. 8 p 75 22 2.6| 73.5| .089 | | © lOhrum 4..... | AA Aug. 15 | Sunrise....| 783 | . 232 | 64.0 5.6 . 12957093... eg | 0 Cirro-strat , 3. Station 0 do 9 a. m....| 788 (29.286 | 87.5; 89. 9/29. 092 | Ze ak | ٩8۰ W...| 0.1] Cum.-strat., 3 Station 1 do prs Mee 783 |28. 958 906.0 MM: 128,764 |......| ی8‎ | 0.3 | Cumulus, 4... August 11.— Two brilliant meteors—one northwest, the other southeast— wore seen about 81 p. m.; another, at 9) p. m One was remarkably large, proceeding from the zenith westward through the milky way, and leaving behind ita bright trail of 10? or 15», August 1 وی‎ i meteors were seen during the evening—one north in Urse Majori the other in the milky way. August 13.—Rain commenced at 2. 20, with thunder and lightning—amount 220 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 1 NT 1 H THER ٠ 一 o 2.7 = Station, Due. | Hoo. | 8 | P|3,| ۶ |8۶ 5۶| 8 Clouds. E fee tee Elke rekt a | a $ |S B مه‎ °| 2 2 | = |o 9 £u o9 Kei ۳ 9 "T 2 pet = 只 ہے‎ ° 8 9 S E B 18 = |$828|528| 2 | 5 2 E < < تم‎ Š a | RR b y 1853. | Cup OSA ug. 15 | 3 p.m....| 783 i29.074 | 90.8, 93.728.890 |... Bus | 0.2 | Cumulus, 4... É p. m. 18 081 | 85 | 83.2) .924 | 0 UR cen ہے‎ inc 9 p.m...4 8 051 74.9, 76.6) .91 0 WOME doors oda? Aug. 16 | Sunrise... T . 060 69 70. 6. .935 28.915 0 جو وٹ‎ NUN ۹ ات‎ 183 |29. 142 93. 5 28. 932 0 Cum.-strat., Station 33 do "go aid 783 074 | 97.8) 100. 628.885 |...... - ہے‎ 0.1 | Cumulus, 4... 49 do 3 p. m.-..| 783 |29. 025 |. 94 95. 128. 834 0 um. & nim., Camp 20 do 6 p m....| 783 [28.978 | 84.3| 84.328.824 0 | Cum.-strat., 3. Ee dois. | Aug. 17 | Sunrise - ..| 783 | .926 | 62.5| 64.5| .820 28.847 0 irro.-cum., 2. Station 4 do 9 a. m....| 783 (29.968 | 91.5| 92.428.764 |...... N.W.— 0.3 | Cirro.-strat., 3 Station 17 do 12 ae 783 129.978 | 99.4 100.428.762 |.....- N.W...,..0.3 | Cirro.-strat., 3 Camp 1 do 6 p. m....| 783 29.008 | 83. 9 85.4| .853 0 Cirro.-strat., 4 9 p. m.. 83 28.984 | 67 | 67.4| .865 | 0 یھ تا‎ ME PO سو‎ to > > Aug. 18 | Sunrise- --| 78 .96 59.5| .874 9 a.m....| 783 29.100 | 93 | 93.6| .891 ۱: m.s 783 | .070 | 97.9) 103 854 3 p.m....| 783 | .062 | 10.7 4 842 6 p. m.... 783 | .058 | 100.5 96 863 m Zi ELE لی‎ SMELL. T... | gessi cor Aug. 19 | Sunrise - 783 | .98 3.6| 65 819 9 a. m....| 783 ¡29.074 | 88.7| 91.3| .875 py uude 783 | 0 5 5 3 p. m. 783 | 3 . 837 6 p. m....| 783 28: 982 | 87.3| 90.3| .821 | š 87-1892 |. 73.4 84 Lag 1 EG... دی‎ | Aug. 201 Sunrise - ..| 783 | .980 | 75.8| 73.9| .838 6 a m... 2: 183 ۱ 0 ss 835 T &. Md 183 ; 9908. 1,88. 60 817 | Ê & m. uh. TAS 120. 001 L. 87 ee 811 KA Md. 183 O 93.1 6 | | 10 a. m...| 783 29.016 | 95.1|...... . 830 ۸1 5 m... 1834 012 1.96. ise. 794 Ws... 83 .998 Y ود‎ . 186 | 1 p m.h: 783 1890 ۰ 1 R ad . 766 | | 2 p. We 788.1, ege 98. ۵ رو‎ .15 | i 3 p.m....| 783 | .955| 99.5100.8 | .751 | 4 5.1.4793 | ¿MALA Bo . 758 b p.m. $183 | 948 1.99 ہو ا9‎ ene 764 ' 6 p. 9 788 910 | 81.2 83.9 763 | TS. Wi shes 108 |, pU cs . 764 | 人 -167 | 9 p. m....| 783 29.007 | 77.6 7 0 ME Lu dicis Aug. 21 | Sunrise....| 783 28.94 0.6: 72.8 812 Ta. m....| 783 | .99 8 j d. .825 Ea md 783 4,001 1.8% S 252. .815 有 VIS 1-90 uad. PG cunc AAA SUR cag E PTS 10 s. m... 783 | "ae O o . 822 144.7881. 987 A 801 سس 3ڈ‎ 783 ¡29.000 | 98.5101.4 | .785 1 p. m-...| 783 28.996 | 100.5 . 782 b 9 p. m-...| 783 | .976 | 100. 5.......| .765 s 3 p.m....| 783 | .966 | 101.1101.6 | .760 ! i Z55... 1788 96 E ٤ E IL VE : D ۲ m... 189 |. USO | 95 ge ee . 763 کک‎ m....| 783 | .932| 88.2 89.9 | .763' LE. uu. 297801 839... | 8ء‎ Eo Sos: 942 |..80.5...... 793 ' 9 p.m....| 783 | .936 | 76.8 79.2 | .793 1 ۳ ود‎ Aug. 20 Sunrise... 790 | ۰956 | 73.8------ 862 ! 6 به‎ Mi T EI ؾ۶‎ ٤ . 854 | Ta Mn l. 861 ! condition of the atmosphere, at stations west of Camp 21, ® The greater portion of the remarks upon | he meteoro! accompany the Psychrometric and Cl ogical table Appendix H.) BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS, OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 221 I | | ' . 1 | D ث8‎ ë | E | | B AAN AS : | | B. | ۱ ۵ H بو‎ A Ë a ind. | | a | | Ë A ¡8 SI Re | ! š TE 8 ese sé | Station. Date. Hour E E | ER z Ë 5 ۶۱ 8 > | Clouds. = . ۳ | | 2 ۱. Es vil و‎ | | $ ^ Lo A | و و اجه‎ | $ $ | | i = 3 + "uuo: 3 o زا‎ | S = 8 & | Ses) 5 a Ss | A E |< 4 |a S 2 m | Cup al... Q. Aug. 20۱8 ۵ m....| 790 (28.996 | 87.7...... اف ند‎ oe | a.m....| 790 29.006 | 93 |...... vB48 ای‎ 8 ۱ | 10 & m...] 790]. ; 002 | 96 مهدب‎ PRET e E AUS, ۱ Hx 8-1 790 48,991 191.1... 8161: 2. 8 ۱ | | IP» s 790 97 DË A 89001... | | iyd... DE IDS ll sss 188 | 24 i | Sym... 701.054] 103 S: uns. 781122 ۱ | 3 p.m....| 790 ۱-949 | 104. 2.....,.| 712 I yoni sau 4 p.m....| 790 92$ 1 $ P Hn. — We 2 orit | 5 p. m-...| 790 898 | 92.8...... 768 | ! ۱ و و‎ ke E R 1 A | | F1. 1 | C TORO OR Perd E IR REN: AR 5 ete 5.898 78 lass 0 saa | x ow MAGNI LM BEL EE EC | NEW Aug. 21 Sunrise....| 790 | .930 | 70.6..... 844 | | اوج و6‎ 7901159088 E 852 | | T a.m... O ا‎ os . 861 | ۱ 8.4. لے‎ 280.1, 898 Reech . 845 | | 98. لیس‎ OC 008 | 90: a ¿850 ! 10 a. m.. 1780 051 93.8...... . 839 11 a. m...| 790 28.998 | 98.6......| .819 1۳ تی ور‎ Fee, 3908 {OE 815 LR omo. 078 1 108 EE 800 d و‎ A | 10S 2. 783 5 p. md Wo 1104 1. EEL 4 p.m----| 790 950 1 100. Lo. een. 795 | BU El 490325 915 1۰ | E e at 15 | BUB... 0ء‎ 915 ۱۰ 89.8 ...... 789 | T p o HE ET BE IS ns. 798 | |8 p.m... 790 |..934 | 80.6...... 826 | | | DP 080.5608 qa مس‎ pee | | (۳۲ یتوھ‎ Aug. 22 | Sunrise....| 783 | . 7 70.8 73.8 816 28. 942 Station 19... les. do....| 9 a. m....| 783 28.944 | 91 | 93 (28.740 | Station 23....... UE Oe ی | 28.746[ 99.3 ,96.7 | ۱28,957 783 اس وو‎ | | PEE se l....do....| 3.45 p. m..| 783 (28.862 | 97.2, 98.6 |28. 706 | BE | | 6 p. m....| 783 | .854 | 86.7, 88 . 110 | | 9 ۳ 283 1. 8082] 96 E 9851 E ا‎ سوہ ہت‎ Aug. 23 | Sunrise. ..| 783 | .883 | 69.6 71.4 | .781 |28.817.. s Camp STD do..-.| 12m......| 388 | .946 | 99.6 96.3 | 4 | 3 p.m....| 783 | .918 | 96.8 97.4 | .749 | 6 p. m....| 783 | .854| 83.8 85.6 | .719 | D... Or BC) 14. A | بت‎ ! F z Aug. 24 | Sunrise....| 783 | .946 | 71.6 75 . 824 792 Station 7 d | 9 a. m....| 783 (29.038 | 74 | 75.6 [28.878 |.....- | Station 10 ہے رو می کس ا‎ vers 783 (28.964 | 83.9...... 28. 786 | Station 19 do....| 3 p. m....|* 783 |29.024 | 84.8 84.8 [28.856 | | Camp 24 do....| 6 p. m....| 783 [29.040 | 77.8, 78.4 |28.920 | 9 p.m....| 783 | .030 | 71.5 74.2| .895 | | EE Aug. 25 | Sunrise. 783 054 | 66.6 68.8 935 |28. 868 | do 9 a.m....| 783 ¡28.981 | 73.2 74.2 |28. 827 | | Station13--1600ft do BOE سی‎ 783 |28.974 | 88.9 85.9 28.784 | | Station 30 do 3 p.m....| 783 28.761 | 87.8 87.9 |28.585 | | Camp 25 do.... 6 p. m....| 783 [28.756 | 79 | T9 (28.632 | | 9 p. m....| 783| .740| 72.8 73.5 | .604 | da ug. 26 | Sunrise.. 783 1 8.6 69.9 | .605 28.560 Half way between | | stations 7 & 8..'.... do....| 9 a. m....| 783 |28.688 | 85.8 86.8 (28.497 |...... Station 22 وی وت‎ ic. ہے گل‎ 83 688 | 92.4 93 28.489 | PER | Station 35 fas Sp m.t | 783 [28.584 | 94 | 94.8 [28.393 |...... دا‎ لے ڈو‎ E اد‎ 6 p. 1... T7893 148,718 | BO | 00.9 ۱98:590 |...... ۱ p.m....].783.|. .7606 | 73.6 75.6 | . 628 |28. 8 | سن ور‎ .--'| Aug. 27 |9a.m....| 783 28.876 | 55.8 56.8 |28.763 | | ÓN Hos EW QU Se 783 128.855 | 67.6 70 ¡28,621 |... pol e وا پور بدا‎ p. m....| 783 128.802 | 75 | 78.2 128. 660 ET | 229 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. | E^ | bu Lä 2 2 = 2 3 8 i Š = Mia tb o Ë O = RSS) es Wind. E ا 3 ہے‎ tag Station. Date. Honr. 2 Ed E T E E S ۶ 8 8 Clouds. = DS o p. ` + 5 |-2 |g PS [Sou 28| $ | $ | ° BIS 5 | 32 8 ۶ ۲ | AS 5 l Z Ë |< 4 14% | 5 E I |. 1888. Camp 27......... | Aug. 27 | 6 p. m....| 783 28.881 | 69.2| 6 | p.m....| 783 | . 886 64 64.5, 1 وا ا چا کل‎ | Aug. 28 | Sunrise.---| 783 | .846 | 59.5| 60.7| .747 |28.595 Stition.9......-- |....do....| 9 &.m....| 783 |28.806 | 71.5) 74 3 Station. ٣ AA E uci | 783 ۱28. 63 82.7| 81.5/28. 458 و اھے ہی سب‎ ss ۹ =| 4 p. m....| 783 |28.520 | 85.6) 82. 1/28. 5 | | 6 تدحو‎ TE |: 572 1^ 78 TT .456 | Em... t1 TBS . 576 72.21 72.6| .440 "e دم‎ i-Aug.- 29 | Sunrise.--.| 783.|..572| 66.9| 68.3| .452 |28.310 d | do &.m....| 7183 28: 610 81.3| 81. 5/28, 334 on 10 | 12 ma... 0 183 28.458 | 96.8| 87.528. 250 Station bet. 18 & Miet سے سے‎ $ p.m... - ` 28. 430 86.5) 86. 528. 261 MMD 29) می ےم ہا‎ PA do; p. 783 (28.557 | 81.8| 82. 3/28. 7 | p. 188 |- .474 | 72.9] 7 . 337 "OUT | Aug. 30 | Suarise 783 | .464 | 68.9 70 342 28. 266 | do a. m-.-.| 783 128. 480 89.2 87 28. 4 Station bet. 7 & 8 ...-do-...| 12 m...... 783 28.426 | 91.9| 91.1/28.231 | Sta do 3 p.m....| 783.128.410 | 91.6] 93.728.223 ...... | |... do 6 p. m.- 783 28.412 | 81.5| 82.3/28. 282 TIAS 783 .411 74 6 . 270 a a a Aug. 31 | Sunrise 783 | .362 | 66.4| 68.1 .245 28.291 |‏ :مم Station betw. 4 & 5 do .9 a. m--..| 783 |28.400 89 88. 5/28. 204 f 12 m... L 783 +8 92.3; 96.4 Station 11 do 4 p.m....| 783 28.414 | 94.6| 94. 5/28. 233 Camp 31 . 3 28.48 : Station 3 Station 9 Camp 32 Station 8 Station 16 Station 19 Camp 33 Station 3 Station 14 Station 23 Camp 34. Do......... Station 5 1 Station 1 | Camp 35. 1 Do... odas dá Wë i > سے مر سی‎ nat Station 14 y mil Station 5+ 1 mile Station 21 Camp 36 w. ا‎ Sept. j^ x . Station betw. 3&4 BAROME1RIC OBSERVATIONS. 2 OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. ot } d ! A e | | | E 894 8. | | E | E s las | ge | ` Wa | > ۰ É b = E- | SY | | Station. Date. Hour. 2 P$ Bl B BSE | Be! Clouds. E 3 ler |. 8 |38 بر‎ | 9 ٩ | بو‎ ۱ < Ë 18 Ss SEAN | o s; SG dëi 13% v 2-8 5 "A Z Ë | 4 4 1418 | A & | ۱ ۱ ۱ Station 11....... A | 1 شین دض‎ 783 27.816 79,5 79.2127. 670 |...... | Station 23 | او جو‎ 78S SL TOC. 83.2) SE RD 636 کے لود‎ Camp 31 6 p. m--.- 783 27. 816 74.51.72. Hass 108. |... | 9 p. 783 | .780 | 61 4 | ! : DO Sept. 8 | Sunrise....| 783 | .796 | 55.9, 57 . 708 27.664 Station 4 do 9 a.m....| 783 (27.752 | 70.8| 73. 1/27. 582 | | | Station 16 do 14 Sek: 783 (27.791 83.4) 82. 621. 605 | | Station 30 do 3 p m....| 783 27.746 | 84 | 81.527.613 | | Camp 38 do 6 p. m....| 783 [27.662 | 75.2, ۰ a B diro | 02007 2 64 | 651 Bierg Bosilllicezd Sept. 9 | Sunrise....| 783 27.746 | 56.5 57 21.531 Station 4 do 9 a.m....| 783 27.822 | 76 1: 15.527. 639 |..... Station 16 do 1 s 783 27.770 | 80 | Camp 39 do 3 p. m....| 783 27.688 | 84.2 | 6 p. m....| 78 671 | 78.9 | 9 ct 690 | 66 taper a Sk pt. 10 | Sunrise.---| 783 | .666 21.498 Station betw. 3 & 4 do a. اس‎ + 783 [27.766 | 79 ‘ 13 Ba css m. 3 tS E 83. tion 2 do. 3 p.m----| 783 27.5717 | 86 mp 40 do 6 p. m.-..| 783 [27.540 | 81.2 Be 9 p.m....| 783 | ۰669 | ۰ 8 E Sept. 11 | Sunrise....| 783 | .506 | 56.4 21.334 Station 3 do 9 a. m....|. 783 [27.540 | 78.2 on 1 do Lt Al Zeg, 783 27.469 | 91.2 Station 28 do TA pv 27.396 | 92.5 p 41 do 6.40 p 783 [27.340 | 82.5 9 p.m 783 | .3 16. 5| 22 BOE | Sept. 12 | Sunrise ...| 783 | .3 60. 3 27.178 Station 2 do----|9Ya.m-..-| 783 [27.412 | 77 | 9 Station سب‎ do | (A Deeg 783 21.346 | 90.8 | Station |_...do 3p.m....| 783 26.968 | 88.5 | | | سس‎ 783 27.012 | 85.8 | — 42 یو‎ --.| 783 ۱26.960 | 72.6 | PEA Sept. 13 Sunrise AA Sept. 25 | Sunrise ...| 7183 | .345| 41.2 42.1 .282 | 9.a.m....| 783 | .391]| 10.8 66.8| .222 |..... ہے وو لت‎ 783 | .364 | 74.7| 76.11 .205 |...... 3 pom.) 783 | 2319 | 71.3 79 | ooy |. L 6 p.m....| 783 |. 298 | 68.8 698 و‎ 08 p.m....| 783 | .324 | 87.58 58.2 .240 (25. 117 Station E Sept. 26 | Sunrise ...| 783 25.268 | 46.3| 47.525.195 | Station Bz sie ss=d0.--.| Y a. m....1 783 |24.963 | 72 65 24.792 | ۱ Station 17....... «silo 18m oo... 783 (25.048 | 75.5, 73.924.887 |...... A Camp 53 ..... ---..-.do....| 3.30 p. m... 783 (24.957 | 77.7) 79 ۱24 871 B 6 p.m.-...| 783 | .978| 71.2| 6 . 895 | E m....| 783 25.014 | 64.3| 64.5| .90 | — En Sept. 27 | Sunrise ...| 78 006 | 59 . 904 24. 753 Station 5 do....| 9 a. m....| 783 |24.981 66 24.825 |. Camp do..—.|-18 m ..... 783 25.070 | 76.5| 76.324.907 $p.m....| 783| .036| 75.5| 77.6 . 6 p.m-...| 783 | .032]| 64.3 63.3| .965 99. m. 78 050 | 63.5| 61.9| .953 A Sept. 28 | Sunrise ...| 783 |25. 030 Ss, .937 "tiu" NONE e 783 | .047 | 63.2| 66.1| .896 laredo. 12 me 708 984 | 61 . 855 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS —Continued. | } ۱ E TAER E E S | وی اه کر بط‎ Wind. E y Lä x> اج کا‎ ٩ 5 Station. Date. Hour. 2 = E E š Ë n> ۱ 8 8 = D Q o بع‎ Í de . اق‎ 3 * |E | شمه‎ 38| $ 9 و‎ bs 432/25. $ | š E B | 4 جج ھٹا‎ £ E Zi fa < < ت‎ CH a [em 1853. Camp 54 ........ Sept. 28 | 3 p. m....| 783 |24.953 | 65 | 65.324.887 |.....- 69 mé 3 A 68 A 909 Las a 9 p.m 6.5| 58.5| .836 |... Doris Sept. 29 | Sunrise --- .5 50.51 .852 24.813 Station 2 ` do 9.8. ma... 9 - GES, 754 A Station 12 do 198 ری و‎ 2 71.323. 329: 400012 Station 24 do 3 p mio 5| 71.923.946 Camp 55 do Lp mit 51.523.924 |.... Dor پیج وس جج‎ Sept. 30 | Sunrise ... .6 51.5| .963 |23. 938 Station 4 do Lia OF). 51.828. 847 |....t Station 1l do LS. mort .9 56.523.841 6 do $ p.m. .b| 54.523.489 .... 6 p. m... 8 49.5| .509 | | 8 p. m...- 5 | 47.3 .503 | ۱ Or Oct 1 | Sunrise ... .5| 42 552. Jus zo. | 482 .23 وھ سے تن ۱ 8:7 9992 و Sta. 2 十 299 rev do 12 m......| 783 |23.964 | A 56.523.853‏ p.m....| 783 (23.987 | 55.5| 57. 8123. 945 | |‏ 3 مو پوس بک و ہزم Camp 67-2252: dos 6 p inst 7 50.5| 51 ءۓے‎ 982 | o دحل‎ "Lea ol 783 |-.022.| 42.11 42 | .978 |......| zr 1 Oct, 2 | Sunrise --- 83 . 018 5| .29. . 976 .|23. 910‏ توس ول دص ‘Camp 57 890 rev.|--..do....| 9 a. m...- . 53.4| 57.523.848‏ Station 7-- do 12 m. A a 64 ۱23. 621‏ Station 15 .do 3 p. miii 5| 69 23.654‏ Camp 58 do 6 p. m.... 58.5| 59.723. 866‏ p.m....| 783 | .888 | 44.7| 46.3| .834‏ 9 e جج جج‎ sa Oct. 3 | Sunrise ..- 9 32 | .828 748 Station 3 do 9 armes 8| 58.524.214 ion 11 do 19m . 86 6 1 4 8 Station 17 do S pom Z: S 73.7| 78.7/25. 268 Camp 59 do 6 p. m...- £ .5| 5 | Albuquerque - do 9 pmo 25. 53.7| 54. 825. 207 | Be-iczaasce Oct. 4 | Sunrise ... * 29. a 39.7| .255 | 7 wo EK ) 要 人 .261 | 8 acum... E. 18%) 380: Mi Ls . 254 | m...- 67.7| 72.3| .229 | | 10 a. m... 75.5| .202 | 21 1ھ‎ 80.1 76.9| .188 | fm. 89.5| 84.7| .204 | Lp m. 6.9| 84.3| .239 | 2 p.m... 78.11 84. 下 .219 | 8 pmo 82.5| 87.5| .229 4 05 |.84 . 222 E 5 p.m... 16.5| 82 . 208 6 pw. 69.5| 72 | .202 Tp ml, 62.3| 63 8 p.m Br 57.1| .194 Ep mié SN (ERA d De 99 Oct. 5 | Sunrise -.- .3} 41 194 Samil 58.71 57.1) .214 8 ٤ E 3... .214 اا‎ 63. 1 8 11 10 a. m..- 10.8| 745 .203 | lla m..- 9 74 | .116 | 19 mii 83.4| .177 Ep mou 93.2| .191 2 pm 92.5| .203 | | 8 p.. mode}. 783 | .3824 85 |....-- 210 | | 4 لات مھ و‎ 82.5| 87 226 | | bp mk 72.3) 73.5| .208 | | 8 p. m. us 65.6 67.5| .202 | | 7 ]0 سا‎ 62 193 | | 8 p. m..- 56.6) 59.00. .191 Log 29 m BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. 1 | i E | ° SCHER | | 2 EECHER i = | š £ E EK 8 El | Wind. E 1 E e || 25 | $83 | Station. Date. Hour. BE. B ES Sige | Clouds. : ۶ ا ہی پت 3۶ دا‎ BSc | ek is KSä B Fe AA ; 5|2]|3 |3 ظط ایوہ‎ E | و‎ Ade. 2 dii SECH E سن و‎ 7۳ © ES "E fa < - 24 CH | a = 1853. | | Albuquerque . ---| Oct. 9 p. mete)! 783-125. 286:p 68 64. 125. 189 سرت یج اتا‎ Oct. G ami top 7834 262 40 40 202 | | 7 a.m....| .783 | .294 | 46.5| 47.3} .190 |...... | Sta? wists) 783 308 54. 3 56 181 9 a. mili 95 334 671b) 13.3 172 10 a.m.:.| 783 | .308 | 69.5| 77.8| .135 ll s. 008 302 12.1 82.3 108 12 m... 783 299 81:51: 81.6 124 Lage . 783 274 76 78.1 152 # p. met 4988.) 280.1 TIO 1828 144 $. p.m. kh 289 35 (2885. 79/8) :84 140 4 p. m..- 3| .210| 75 | 80 131 5 p. m....| .783 | .192 | 70.8| 75 | .119 6 p. m....| .783 | .201 | 64 | 65.6 .132 1. pom. t| ۰ 783 2101 5979; GENTLE 8 p H....|. 183 172 58.5) . 52.8 .092 9 p. m. KOT 788 184 48.1, 50 121 ose Oct. 6.5. mi .ات‎ 208 396r 37.5 . 150 Ta miat :783 275 58.7} 61 142 ES 8 &.m....| , 783 286 61.5| 66 142 9 a. m... 783 300 67 72 139 10 وہ‎ ک٢‎ 8 304 68.7, 70.7 132 LE & m.ij 783 302 72 80 116 12 m... 783 294 | 90 86 099 1 p. m. St SBS 248 | 81.7| 87 114 9 p.m....| 783) .242.| 87.5| 82. 115 S4 mt. 783 250 4 100. 6 119 4 p.m cit 788 .294 859 123 5p MRE: 183 16 4 79.51. .134 5) p moi 189 | .192| 69) 67-| ue 7T p.m....| 7831 Rat 578 58.3 ¿107 B p.m ات‎ 788 1807 J as - 101 9 p. m....| 7 .180| 5£ | 54.5| 4 ور ہے‎ Oct. 6 alm. 17. 71831. ¿170 34.5| .124 Ta m- ti. 783 230 62 53.7 101 Sam ët. T83 266 59 63 128 9,4. ھپ‎ 783 280 62.5 70.5 129 9 785 332 A و‎ +162 Loc ue dd 10 a. mit. 783 0:1 72 72 . 411 Ala mz... 785 260 | 70.6 74.5) .060 32 m... 783 42 6 79 . 079 12348... 3 785 76 | 71.9| 79 . 120 Ipm.—] 8 227 | 87,8 80 | .088 2 p. ni. 788 20 0 3.4| .088 a 3p. m. at. 783 196 | 80.7, 83.5 .104 S p-m iA]. 7853: . 209] BES ار‎ . 129 4p. m2. 788 17 80.5| 81 094 5 p. m....| 78 186 | 80.8| 80.8| .095 6 p.m... 183 TA 2 092 |.. ü p.m..—1. 7851 .1864 Rb zi .113 +p. moo). 783 1 58.3, 57.5; .090 Sp. mod. 783 142 "au. . 082 E S p.m... 785 138 | 51.8| 517 .066 ` 1 51.7, .093 Do......... Oct. 34.8| 35 113 34.6 35 090 SE تھے الا‎ .052 DE 0 2: 053 76. 68.9 .068 ": 76 ٦ .021 73.5, 74 (24.98 80.5 80.525.026 ek 80.5] 80.2] . - BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 227 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. A TTET | ۲ E . (588 £u 3 18. | E Bs) os Wind ۱ ° & EL lS E eS ! Station. Date. Hour. | 2 B Eel E (BES 8 Clouds. E * 一 E 8 ° Š = | a E d | | | - گا ھ2ا‎ $ 2e8|22] 3 | 5 e |$ LS ban | ۵ 8 | $ Š ! | | 5 BE iss » 15858 | ES 2 Ë š Bai ~ Dei Q Q1 c © Dal o | | z E | | | Albuquerque. --| Oct. 9/3 p. m.. z 783 (25.679 | 83 79. 5/24. 974 A pms. so) 785 1.1021) BO. مت‎ 25. 014 | | | 4 p-m.-23F 188 |: ct) -] | 24.996 | | | 5-p.m.---| 788 | (*) | | 25.021. | | 6 p.m..-.| 783 102 | 72.4| 72.9| .016 | I ü p.m. اند‎ 786 fo. TE رو‎ 7 046 | ! 7 p. m....| 783| .078 | 56.5| 56.5| .018 | | .[8 p.m....| 783 | .054 | 53.6] 54 (24.986 | | |9 p.m....| 788 | .070 | 51.8| 51.7| .996 | |9 p. m....| 785| ۰۰074 | 51.8 5.014 | | Do ۳ 9 €. be, o اه‎ 44 ۰ 140 Lee... |... | &acm..25] 789 |^.098 |: ALR . 036 | | 7 &.m....| 783 | .182 | 76.5| 62.9 .012 | 9 a. m....| 783 178 | 66.8| 71.2| .018 | | 9 a.m....| 785| .230| 68.3) 71.2] .140 | | ET 785 | .199 | 85.2| 86.6| .032 | | | 3 p.m....| 785 | .149 | 86.1| 86.6| .049 | | | |p.m....| 785 | .115) 66.9| 69.34 .052 |. | | ; E EE FOS PP. 196 58 | 4$ 042 | | | | | Dov aeRO ILE anc A785 F-.148 || 44 CT 43.) .091 | | | | | vri ' 9 a.m..-.| 785| .288 | 66.3) 69.2) .141 L. | i Da ee 785 | .275| 75,8 78.5| .125 | | | 3p.m....| 785 244 | 76.8 80 | .163 | | 6 p. m..-.|. 785 | .204| 64.9 65 145 | | 9 p.m....| 785 | .186 | 52.9| 53 | .125| | Busca Oct. 12,6 a.m....| 785 192] 43 | 43.1| .138 | | (pe ms 6۵ 254 | 62.9 5 He 46 ۱ =) 3 T85 | .248| 81.5 8 085 | dp mod 485 F^. mei: 8T: 1-88. N^ 2:091 Luo TM کا‎ p.m. ات‎ ۵ 144 | 70 En 7084 e äs d |9 p. m....| 785| .160 | 63.7 66.7| .075 pa AR Oct. 13 O acm. 785 149 | 54 54.51 0ھ‎ ¡Ya m. a] T8814 .2074 ۵۵ 83.5): .037 Aaa 785 | .204 ۱ 84.5| 88.9 .034 | 3 p.m....| 785 | .090 | gea 79.11 او‎ | 6 p.m....| 785 | .110| 67.7| 69 045 . | و‎ p.m..-.| 785 | .183 | 62.7| 62.9 ۱049 را‎ Dee Oct. ..14.| 6 a. m. ات‎ 78 179 50 | .109 | 9.4. m....| 785| .192 | 68.8| 70.9| 0 ml 785 | .280 | 65.8| 66.5 .152 | 6 p. m....| 785 |* .237 | 59.5 59.9 0 | 9 p. m....| 785| .325| 56.7| 57 253 Bau | Oct. 15 | Ga. m....| 785| .290| 52 | 52.8| .214 9a.m....| 785| .858| 60 | 59.3| .224 VE وق‎ 785 236 | 79.2| 83 .078 | 3 p.m....| 785 | .269| 66 | 68.5) .212 | 5 6 p.m....| 785 | .238| 58.5| 59.5 4 | 9 p.m....| 785 | .274| 61.2| 62.5| .193 | Bacon rOct. .16.| 6.8. m....| 785 | .282 | 52.9) 53.7, .204 | 9a. m....| 785| .300| 7 7.5 . 3 | 13392. 785 | .314| 60.2| 61.5 .198 3 p.m....| 785 | .291 | 60. 3 248 6 p.m....| 785| .280| 57 8 238 Mmi 2884.98] 4&4 615.228 L..... re ee Get, 38. L 6: mii 185 Y -.308 | OO 49.87 .241 |...... | 9 a.m....| 785| .396 | 57 WV. . 3 | E Wass 7 785 | .404| 77.1| 78. ~ LI. | Sp.m... 785 | .336 0 To Ti. 259 | 6 p.m. 785 |- . 90۲ | 65 8 BI Loo | Ü p.m... WS .31 GLO 58.3) .246 | een det, 318. L8e m.-—.| -785 | .362] 65.5] 65:6 . 257 | 1911&....—]| 785 | .298] 75.9 79.2 .151 hd Sp و‎ Uu T8506 GA TT et, ۵ . 216 Lay a 228 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS Continued. TN 1 0 . | : o 4 En « | oon] ©... 1 T 8 CZ IE Wind. E B |$ (8.3 85 Station. Date. Hour. B Bilge] E EBE 8 Clouds. 3| S ^| IAE EN: = = a = fedi & 8 Ee ۲ ° ae LS EFE EE E 8 KA GG L5 9 stig S z & |< < | Š A E ST 78 69. 5/25. 215 Albuquerque.....| Oct. 18 | 9 p. m.... 5 (25.232 | 65 . 5125 "m dde n° wie r m. är, 785 310 | 76 75.2| .181 12 m.... 7 785 314 | 77.1] 79.9| .160 3 p. m....| 785 277 2.8| 86.5| .183 9 p. m....| 785 198 | 51.6| 52.9 .140 Dol Ook. SOI à. m. a4; 788 290 | 70.7| 71.5| .172 Im... 185 2 77.5 80.5| .114 s شنت کم یز‎ 785 180 | 77.6| 78 098 9p. musics اہ‎ 1341. 61 60.5) 44 ۳۳ اد سینت‎ Oke. 01. نرہ‎ s 130 | 45 45.5| .071 9 a. m....| 785 222 | 64.5| 65.5| .079 Jii... Sd 185 | .200 | 78.5| 82 044 3 p. m....| 785 | .096 | 80 83.5| .009 9 p. m....| 785 | .054 | 51 47. 1124. 997 Do......,..| Oct. 22 1 6 a. m....| 785 24.978 | 38 7.3| .993 9a. m....| 785 (25.032 | 57.2| 60.5| .906 1311... 785 (24. 98 69.5| 71.4| .846 3 p.m....|. 785 | .961 | 62.5| 6 .914 9 p. m-...| 785 (25.075 | 36.1| 38.2/25.051 ہے سیف توا‎ i Oct... 23.1.9. a m. 3444 785 204 |. 43 . 150 Poin 785 | .214 | 70.5| 61 075 3 p. md: 785 216 | 71 72 148 9 p.m....| 785 | .198 | 34.5| 34 BE DLE E E E uas uides de Ock. 24 | G a. m... 4. 785 244 25 25 214 9 a. m....| 785 311 | 60.5| 63.3| .177 lim... 785 | .247 | 62.5| 62 137 3 p. m....|. 785 1 69.5| 70.8| .058 6.p. Mm...) + 5 03 50 50 011 | 9 p. m_...| 785 ۱24.974 1 40 44 [24.941 Bod Oct. 25 | 6 a. m....|. 785 | .978 |. 43 42 924 dd m... 1, 785 1... BF 57.71 57.8| .746 Do.........| Oct. 26 | 6 a. m....| 785 25.016 | 91. aa gl .987 La mot 786 121 | 55.5| 53. 999 Hin. 785 | .142 | 69.5| 70.5125. 006 3 p. m-...]. 785 |... 105 |- 67. 8 . 045 6 p. m--..| 785 052 | 49 49 030 9 p. m-...| 785 | .044 | 32 34.5| .029 Do Oct... 27 | 6.8. m... 785 |... MS. 278. 27 103 S a.m....| 785 | .196 | 62.3| 63.5| .059 | fiu... 785 | .216 | 80 79.1| .156 | 3 p. m....| 785 | .168| 70 70.3| .102 6 p.m.-34- 285 156 | 50.6| 51.6| .129 Do........-.| Oct. 28 | 6 a. maido 7385.|- 283 33.51. 83. و‎ 200 9 a. m....| 785 328 | 73.5| 74.5| .165 Hm... 785 | .442 | 72.5| 75.4 .298 3 p.m..s4. 786 |. 48 73.8| 74 370 6 p. m....| 785 | .410 | 57.5| 58, 9 .367 DO eese nues Oct. 29 6 E 2 785 . 469 34 435 — La m... 788 .55 61 8 392 eg _ 185 | .584 | 72.31 78.2]. 6 Kaes 786 1.6 82.9| 81.5| .452 En mos) 7851 488.1. 62 2 435 De... -| Oct. 30|9 a. m....| 785 | .496 | 62.5| 59.5| .357 > A 785 478 5 84. 8 . 3 3 p.m....| 786 | .481 | 72.7, 74.5 9 9 p. m....| 785 452 | 35.5| 35.5 .429 .. 7 --| Oct. 3119 ۶ m....| 785 126 | 61.7| 61.224.989 12m......| 785 | .174 | 73.1| 75.425. 030 3 p.m....| 785 | .106 | 71.5 5| .038 6 p. m-...| 785 | .039 | 61.5| 63.524. 988 e 9 p. m-...| 785 24.994 | 40.8| 4 à De... ......| Nov. 1 6 a. mae TB 5.000 1.2.1. 12, .970 9 a.m....] 7858 | .053| 61.5| 61.7 .917 | < | x | 1 x 1 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 229 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. ó TEE T Ë TEIE ; $ g S Ë $3! g 5 Wind. d = o SH | Station. Date. Hour. Š Ei £ E E E SE | E Š . Clouds. d "d 4 Oo 8. = ° و ]33 اوه 8 8 و ظ‎ x |< a 2ص8‎ | E ۵ 3 ; e | 号 EERIE S 8 | $ بر‎ [3 4 |$388|£2£& E 5 z Ë |< 4 16"*/18 a SG 1853. Albuquerque.....| Nov. 1| 12m...... 185 25.068 | 79.5| 82.424.910 3 p. m....| 785 24.994 | 79.5| 80.3 .908 6 p. m....| 78 66 | 66.2| .909 | 9 p.m....| 785| .978| 41 | 43 | .943 | Bees Nov. 2| 6.m....| 785 25.112 | 28 | 27.525.091 | 9 a.m....| 785 | .250 | 58 8.9| .122 | | 12m.....- 785 | .278 | 73.6| 65 ۱ | | 3 p.m....| 785 | .258 | 70.5| 71.2 .191 | | 6 p. m-...| 785 | .236 | 5 55.21 .200 | | | و80‎ 4 216 | 37.5| 29.5| .179 | | | بان رم‎ s] Nov. 3|6a.m....| 788 | .342 | 29 8 | .321 | | | 9 a.m....| 785 | .361 | 50 | 49.7| 0 | | | | 18 و‎ - 2 785 | .364 | 78.5۱ 81.5| 0 | | | | 3 p.m....| 785 | .308 | 72.5| 70.2| .237 | | | | 6 p. m....| 785 | .282| 64 3.5 .225 | | | | 9 p. m....| 785 | .232] 37 | 39 | .206| | | | Dias Nov. 4|9a.m....| 785 | .378 5 .235 |. | | 12m ht 788 78.2] 7 214 | | | -S p.m-...| 785 9101 70.6| 717.2, .242 |. | | ha E pem..] 785 | 226 36.581 4 | | | zesoen, | Nov. 89 ۵ m....| 785 | . 55.6| 58 282 | | 1)... 785 | .338 | 66.5| 70. 0 | 3p.m....| 785| .279 | 6 x Bo... Nov. 6| 12m...... 85 10 | 65.7] 68.2) .083 | 3 p.m....| 785| .154 | 68.3| 70.2 .093 | 9-0: 99-2. 785; . 1001 50 : | ا‎ Nov. 7| 62.m....| 785 | .082 | 37 37 . 041 | 9a.m....| 785 | .094 | 53 | 54.524.977 | Oe, 2 2 285 ۱0941: 57 Fon ۱ | Docz. sens Nov. 8| 6a.m-...| 785| .288| 36 | -38 25.249 |...... | 9a.m....| 785 | .364 51.4| .253 25.127 | | (waq) E Isleta?.| Nov 9 p. m- - 785 (25.348 | 39.9| 37.525.315 |..... | b boc. v. 10 | Sunrise...| 785 | .202 | 24 25 1 | | 3 785 | .255| 54 | 72 | .136 (25.106 | | Station — do ipee 185 25.109 | 60.7| 64.524.992 | u Station H do 3 p. m....| 785 (24,665 | 69 | 65.524.604 | Bin + } mile do Sunset....| 785 24.574 | 61.5| 58.524.524 |... | Camp 62} ses Nov. 11 | Sunrise. -- 785 2 22.5 4. 0 | ano? Woles 51 | 50 | .812 24.882 | | do lp.m....| 785 24.479 | 63.5| 64.524.399 | Station bet. 16&17|....do....! 4 p. m....| 785 24.500 | 66.3, 67.524.456 | Station bet. 18 & 19 do Sunset-...| 785 |24. 457 62.5| 61.524.406 | Camp 63 do 9 p. m....| 785 24.512 | 46.8| 46.924.467 ۱ EE Nov. 12 | Sunrise 785 65 34.5] -33 | EA | 9a. m....| 785 | 2941 46.5...... 634 ۱ 239 هه‎ 2 785 | .746 | 6 5 616 | : 3 p.m....| 785 | .708 | 73.7| 80.2 .633 ۱ | 6 p. m....| 785 | .670 | 58.5| 58.5 .628 9 p. m....| 785 | .614| 34.5| 34.6| .595 Do euius. Nov. 13 |Sunrise...| 785 | .586 | 28.7| 28.5| .550 9a.m...- 60| 49.2| 52 | 7 ^D 7ئ۶‎ 785 | .650| 73 | 84 509 ram 4 1851504 Tek. 19 5 p.m....| 785 | .543| 6 63.7| .500 9 p. m....| 185 | .522 | 41.8| 42.7| .488 | PROS Nov. 14 ۱ Sunrise. ..| 785 | .476 | 29 29 .438 |24.591 Station bet 10& 11 do 9:3.m....| 485 |24. 330 | 50 51 ۱24 1 Station do 19 9 کت‎ 785 (24.228 | 65.3| 65 |24. 106 Camp Ay do 3 p. m....| 785 |24.068 | 67.5| 67. 1/24. 3 ë The altitule of Isleta is deduced from corresponding observations at لم‎ f The altitude of Camp 62 is deduced from corresponding observations at station 1, near Camp 61', in valley of Rio rande. 230 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. E Seals. É Ë نے‎ 282/75 Wind. 2 E $ Ss BS 8 = x 2 . o 2 MES Nes Station. Date. Hour. E 2 | بر‎ | B EST ee Clouds. E = ei E 8 SEG یه‎ d 一 Š Ed B مخ‎ oj Sa 5 8 ی‎ | Lä A4 88 | $ Š ۰ = E ber T as = e eo G A [m H $28 55 q 5 2 a |< 4 ME. lg a E 1853. Cann ode Nov. 14 | Sunset....| 785 224.056 | 62.7, 61.824. 0 m... 785 05 49. 3| 49 . 028 Gem IE ا تمس اس‎ Nov. 5 Sunrise ۔‎ sale T85 030 26 27 123.983 |24. 301 Station 3 do a.m..... 785 [94.052 51 50. 5/23. 942 Station bet. 13 & 14 do lp. m....| 785 |24.030 64.5| 64. 5/23. 953 amp 65 do 3 p. m-...| 785 |23. 956 65.5, 64 . 906 p. 21 PER . 90 88,99 8 EO Vu Nov. 16 Sunrise ۔‎ P 785 .88 25 25 .838 |24. 071 Station 6 do 9 کا‎ m... 780 239. 190 44.51 49.7 23. T04 Sta. I, bet. 13 &1 do 1210... 85 |23. 688 59.5| 61. 3123. 579 66 do 3 p. m-...| 785 ¡23.208 62.7| 60.7/23. 165 Du ee ee es Dee Oh Gd Gi Db 8 0 0 :.- 0 00000 D Mojo 100 . 170 27.6| 28 122.968 |23. 281 iS lp سد‎ Sunrise - -- 85 22. 988 35 29 ¡22.953 Station bet. 14€ 15. کا‎ -do.. .30 a. 785 9 49 51 ۱92. 612 "Ge کاس‎ DL. I2m-. سرت‎ 785 22.660 D1.3] 51 123.571 3 p. zk 785 . 58 51.6) 52. .565 Sunset ....| 785 . 591 46.4; 47.1; -~ 589 p. 785 .594 29.5| ۰1 . 592 "s c dus Nov. 18 Ere ہے‎ 700 bs. 58 bI S... .551 |22. 682 E ہس میں دم وک ای‎ Station 8 do 785 |22. 512 29 29. 6 09. M9 |... ep Station 16 do ھا ا کے‎ 185 ¡22.632 | 48 T. 3 22. 549 Stati do 3 p. m....| 785 22.914 49.8| 49.522.899 |. Station e 31& 32 do 6 p. m....| 785 |23.082 47.5 45 (23.066 Camp 68 do 9 p.m.... T85 25.075 3E 2:38 505277. os Sege جو‎ Nov. 19 | Sunrise. .. 8 05 4 24 . 014 |23. 073 Station P do 9.30 a. 785 |23. 170 40,2 40. 195.081 0 Station 6 do De. — —. 185. (23. 253 47.5| A8. 5/23. 171 Camp 69 do....| 3 p. m....| 785 [23.534 | 58 3| 54.623.500 |- Sunset....| 785 | .526 | 48.7| 47.7| .518 9 p. m....| 785 | .556| 28 | 25.5| .550 IN. ICE Nov. 20 | Sunrise. 785 | .601 EE . 590 |. | 9a.m.... 785| .69 .5 37.2] .617 (23. 610 0,0 PIPER ILU 785 (23.908 | 49.8 57.523.818 |. Camp 70, Zuñiriver ----do----| 3 p. m....! 785 [24.032 | 59.5 61.523.995 |...-. à | p.m... $95 . 00. 53.51 52. 4 985 p. m... 785 Ea. 0121۰ 29,2. 18 Se 006 ج0‎ | ` fa cus Nov. 21|7a. m....| 785 | .024| 20.5 23.990 |..... | La. mo 5ھ‎ . 100 SLM IM EM EM A A A O ہس‎ 3 MARY 785 110 64.5 . 990 3.30 p. m.| 785 | .074 | 65.5 66.5| .938 5 p. m....| 785 | .058 | 67.7 56.3| .938 ; p. m....| 785 | .018 | 32.6 32.724.001 i. E a Nov. 22176. m... (890 020 |. 22 23. 982 YA m... 700 028 35.0 36 61 [yg Modden uo 785 04 5.5 o 1 3 p.m....| 785 23.994 | 68.7| 66.9| .935 5 p.m....| 785 | .970 | 58.5| 58.9| .939 9 p. m....| 785 |24.034 29.8 28.8 24.030 Do .— Noy. 23|7a.m-...| 785 23.914 16 23. 888 9a.m....| 785 | .956 | 34.5| 34.7| .881 Im EE 85 . 988 64.3) 64 868 $ p. n... 5 976 8.7| 69.5| .917 5 p.m....| 785 | .962 | 60.3 60.5| .927 9 p.m....| 785 | .936 | 32.3| 32.5| .921 eae al Nov. 24| Ta. m....| 785 | oe 7 | 25.5| .929 &.m....| 785 [24.020 | 43.2| 44.5| .927 12m .....| 785 | .037 | 70.5| 70.5| .903 3 p.m....| 785 | .004| 66.8| 67.5| .949 6 p. m....| 785 [23.980 | 68.8 58.5| .938 2 _ 19 ۔ 8801 یھ و‎ 84 3| 36 | a PEL Lice Nov. 25 | 7 2. m....| 86] .936]| 24.5 23.5| .893 |. 9a.m....| 7851 .984| 36.5) 36.9| .906 < - | I | | | | BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 231 o gam. 1 š S S 8 2۶۱ نج گر‎ E i | Ë ER P $| Wind, 3 ۱ 8 = 5 Station. Date. Hour. E $ 8 بر‎ | 8 EE s| gs Clouds. = ا حسم‎ D e:332 BE 538397 8 E ^" OE S ا ےو ات بویا‎ $ $ : S is - Rase 3 Š 5 BS جا‎ 4 |$38 SR E S zZ E | Sé: INT Le A E 1853. Camp 70, Zuñiriver| Nov. 25 | 12m...... 385 14.033 | 559.8. 00:.835. 903. 12.51 Lc e D 3 p.m....| 785 |23.966 | 62.8| 62.724.006 |...... | Bi Ds هط‎ 485 .944 55.31. 54. 523.915 La Don | 9 p.m... sl: 0 928 31 31 9816ء‎ l S. | Deanna sun Noy.-26.]-T.a-m 4o] RRE 933} gel ech .885 | a.m الاو‎ TOE b. Did A 45 0 ۵۵8 2 22. l Do-; zz cosas Nov. 20 | 3 p. m....| 790 |24. 012 9 . 6L. 824. 005 |: 3c! KS m.s: .790. 1.01 BOB. SE, euni 3 | 9 p...:-| 790 028 29.3|- 28 055 es سے‎ | ۱ ۲ — Nov. 2117 a. m....| 0 OGOH: 20:5... 0357. تا‎ Ê | 6 E 13 ٭ھ‎ e 790 | .096 | 64.5| 68 | .013 ...... | | 3 p.m...) 790 |..066 | 65.5| 66.5) -.046 |....-. ۱ | | 5 p.m.. .| 790 | .042 | 57.7| 56.3| .045 | | | 9 p.m....| 79 006 |. 32.6|..32. ۰ 019. |... | | Doses Noe, 2313 ا ہیں‎ 2; š 988. Lia. | | 9.2. 105-9 l | | Do Nov. 23 Š p.m. Breuer ا‎ I | | — "ab. öp- m-i | Sa کو‎ ps él | Ga r U A FE E e TT ONT a BET TS p 2 Dd LE l $.p.m.—.] 390.135.985 | 665] 87.81 BLS ۱ Op. m... | p.m-....| 790-.-.978. | 36.2]. 28. ۰ 984 | ¿o | DO مضمر بے جع‎ Nov: 25-4- 1 am | a. m..- | 13 Së | GE T90 323,932 | 62,8} .62.71 . .919 [o | کا‎ p. mite}: 790 1. .916 1 ONO 04.81 - ..914 |... | | L Ü mt 1007 NE $1 |] TI. E Lee | | , — n: Nov. 26 | 1 a. m.... | | Oa ees 23. 867 | Station 1 de 12 m... d | Camp 7 do 3 p.m..::].785.128.946.]] 0004... 59 CES. ET حا سے ےا سا ا تم مات تج من کے‎ - Sunset ...- ` p.m... De 22222 mu Nov. 27 ise -. 9.4. ٤ 12 Mos AE 9. Mila > b p.m... D A - EE Nov. 28 | Sunrise ic- "a .>. 77875 23. 844 7 Station bet. 4 & 5-....do....| 12m .....| 785 24.052 | 44.5) 406.223.9123 |------|--------|------|-------------- Station M do S p.m... Camp 72 do Sunset ---- 9ئ‎ us DO massage Nov. 29 | Sunrise --- = 9 A. Del 23. 999 Station 8 do 12 الا‎ 2.42 35 Station 2 do 8 p.m. ê Sta. bet. 16 & 17 do Sunset .... Camp 73 do :ئن‎ Do سے‎ z Nov. 30 | Sunrise --- 1 š 9 a.m. 24. 147 Station C do 12 m-.. 9 4 10 $-p.m...c Sunset .... سے صا ہ9‎ Do سے ہے‎ Dee- | Reng 232 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. E | sas! S, Wind. S | 8. 1 E | 538) یم‎ ۵ s ہے‎ 5 | 号 ا‎ 8% Station. Date. Hour. 8 $18.:| 8 | BEF) 8 2 Clouds. $1.3 |e" کر‎ tars اوه‎ 3 ۱ بب‎ - < KE Boe} og B a | 5 e S + | ۶2 gel ° 8 8 9 Š m p p ESR BB A 5 z جا‎ |< |< m ei A = 1853. | r es c. 9 a. m....| 785 (24.670 | 47.3| 41.524.566 24.428 Station C do lim. 85 24.771 | 52.5| 56.324. 674 Station L do 3 -| 785 |24. 624 | 57.8| 59.524. 587 Camp 75 do Sunset....| 785 24.733 | 57.8| 59.324.701 9 p. m- 78 682 | 31.7| 34.7, .667 Sunrise ...| 785 | .722 | 26:61: 24.5| ۰678 Lu... EE ا‎ Dec. 2 | 9 a.m--.-| 785 | .762 | 45.2 42.5 .663 24.525 Station B do PW. a 785 |24.608 | 55.7| 53.724.504 |. SENE +24758 do....| 3 p. m--:-| 785 |24. 657 | 64.8 60. 9.24. 605 do....| Sunset ....| 785 (24.775 | 65.4| 59.524.726 9 p. اتوہ‎ 785 SBE 38.8): . 708 |..... o a Dec. 3 | Sunrise یف‎ 785 | .698 | zen 26.3, .651 9 a. m... 85 | .797 | 43.7 .701 24.574 | Station P do....| Idm - 2 785 (25.035 | 56 | 59.524.930 Station 7 do 3 p. m....| 785 (24.959 | 66.2 64 (24.903 Station Z do Sunset....| 785 25.076 | 62.3| 54 25.021 Camp 77 do 9 p. m....| 785 |25.068 | 33.8| 32.325.049 E il Dec. 4| Sunrise ...| 785 | .032 | 25.3| 25 ۱24 987 |...... | a. m....| 785 | .100 | 47.8| 44.8 .994 | Hw. 185 Si NL. . 963 $p.m.u.7951..088 Choe . 992 5 p. m....| 785 66.7| 73.325.001 9 p. m....| 785 (24.996 | 30 | 31.324.986 I. Dec. 5|7a.m.-.-| 785 19.5 19.5 .968 24.908 Station E do ia. 785 25.072 | 64.6........24. 948 Camp 78 do 3 p. m....| 785 25.180 | 67.5| 65.225.120 Sunset....| 785 | .1 57.7| 58.2| .149 9 p.m....| 785 | .202 | 35.5) 37 | .182 E Dec. 6 | Sunrise ...| 785 | .248 | 19.5| 20.2) .218 | 9 a. m--:.| 785 |. .315 | 38.6| 39 | .229 25.027 Station 8 do Sh misa T 353 | 603 59.325.31 Station E do Sunset....| 785 25.378 | 53.8| 51.325.348 Camp 79 do : 785 (25.432 | 30.8| 27.925.419 ric. pde 7 | Sunrise 185 41 I> hondo. 402 9 a. m.... 4 32.8| 36.7| .402 25.167 Station B do 12 10 2:5 785 ۵ 51.8 56.525.406 Camp 0 do 3 p.m....| 785 (25.557 | 68.7| 64.225.493 E? Sunset 1 785 8 58.7| 50.8| .473 | 9 p. m-...| 785 | .449 | 25.5| 25:5 .449 1 Da... Dec. 8| Sunrise ...| 785 | .405 | 15 | 15 284 | 9 a. m....| 785 | .434 | 26.4| 26.8| .378 25.249 Station 6 do 12 m n 785 25.448 | 50.6 56.325.353 x Ou تھ‎ do....| 3 p. m....| 785 25.388 | 57.7] 55.925.340 | 3 p. m-...|. 790 | .383 | 57.7| 55.9| .382 ; Sunset....| 785 | .342 | 45.8 44 336 Sunset....| 790 | .332 | 45.5| 44 9 p.m....| 790 | .290 | 29.5| 50.6 .315 9 p.m... 785 |. .28£| 291 ie Do. رید‎ Dem © ۱ Sunrise اس‎ 7864 °.176 | 24.1 2378 7 | Sunrise ...| 790 | .182| 27 | 27.5 .164 Fem 700 |. . 187} SLE 3&5..15 Ami 7851. .I94| SKE 32.5...124 125.231 Opa d .... — Dec. 1017 8 m....| 785 (25.110 | 33.0| 33.025.04 fam 796, .118| 3230 350..0 ۱ DM -141 | 43.7| 44.0 .067 Te ای ہے‎ 785) .1824 7 0 35 Misas 7 .128 | 48.8 49.8| .034 12m......| 790 | .123 | 48.5| 49.8| .068 Sp. Bao 7 .063 | 58.6| 59.9| .054 3p. mid 488 1 .063) 58.6| 59.9| .023 ۱ 5p.m.a A .084 | 52.3 53.0, .053 | 5p mm. 790 | .074 | 52.3| 53.0| .084 | 9 p. m... .066 | 48.5 49.5 .4 | ۱ | | | | : i g E^ BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. 233 ig Š PIE | EE | S $ |s22] a8 Wind. ۱ CG a هی | ° گا‎ $9 ۱ Station. Date. Hour. Ë | El m 2 HSE BB | ` Clouds. 2 Sloe] 8 | 5 6 و ہے اي‎ d | E $ 9 ہوا تج‎ BIST E. = no Im g Lëeél se $ $ : * E > tga sis 5 Ë © E 5 KI Sp | Se 2 = 2 & |< 4 H^ io A 2 1853. Camp 82,...... as Dec. 9 p. m....| 785 25.068 | 48.5| 49.5 |25. 016 BER EE Dec. 1117 8 m....| 785 | .076 | 43.5| 43.8 24, 990 Ta 3.5| 43.8 |25. 033 9 a. 0.0| 49.9 | .036 l9 0.0 49.9 | .049 12m 8.0 59.0 | .043 12m 8.0|59.0 | .106 3 p. 2.2|52.3 6 3 p. 2.2| 52.3 | .153 | 5 p. .6| 49.2 | .157 | | 5 p. 49.2 | .225 | | 9 p. 42.6 | .196 | | | Dk De. 12| 9p. 42.6 | .218 | | | 7 à. 38.0 | .191 | | | 7 a. 38.0 | .211 | T | | 9 a. BEET a at Si | e 93.3 کی‎ 2 a | 38.5 | . 8 d: | | Lil 37 8 18 0ڑ‎ 2 | | n MO ات‎ : 3 37.8 1 BEE, | | E B p. th | 50.0 | .115 ۱ | | RS Ls ss : 3 p. 60.0 0 5 p. 5| 47.8 | .099 5 p. 6| 47.8 | .137 9p. 42.0 | .060 9 p. 42.0| .08 EE Dec. 13 | T à. 42.0 24.969 7 a. 42.0 | .992 9 a. 43.5 | .966 9 a. 43.5 | .990 | Ve 60.8 | .938 | | 12 m 60.8 | .967 | | KS | RI c. 59.2 | .950 | | | | Sp مد‎ A 59.2 | .983 | | | 5 p.m کر‎ 41.6 | .964 | | | 5 p. 41.6 |25. 000 | | | 9p. m...- 40.0 |24. 972 : 9.5. 5i. 2 40. «997 Di. ees Die- IE EIS 30. .969 n. 46. 30. 8 996 33. 20.5 44.5 | .950 va ml 44. 5 |25. 007 |25. 9 Station 4 do 12 3. 273 42. 0 |24. 986 12 m Camp 83 do 3 p. 4.5 44. 0 |25. 050 3p. m....| 790 | .054| 44.5| 44.0 | .077 5p. m....| 785 | .052| 36.2 36.0 ۱ 8 bp. m....| 790 | .046 | 36.5 36.0 | .092 | 9p. m....|. 785 | .062 | 28.0| 28.5 | .056 | 9p. m....| 190 .054 .0| 28.5 | .079 | Da... Té. BIT 9. ہے کے‎ 24.5| 25.0 24. 987 | T&.m....|. 790 | .026 | 24.6| 25.0 |25. 014 9a.m....| 785| .073 . 5 37.4 |24. 982 9a. m....| 790 | .086 | 41.8| 37.4 |25. 026 12 m.....| 785 | .058 | 42.5| 43.7 24.973 12 کن‎ 790 | .070 | 47.0| 43 016 3p.m...].785| .052]| SEN. 2 .071 Sp. m 34. TIME 5.06% 1 ER. <2 . 103 bp 6و‎ 786 ۰ 3.0| 33.0 | .122 5 p. m... 190 | .094 3.01 33.0 | .148 9p. m....| 785| .132| 30.0 30.2 | .122 9p. m.-..|. 790 | .140 | 29.9 30.2 | .161 Bs BL E -LDee.d6lTa m i. TBS 218 e SL... L 214 0 Xa omo o. T90 212 f کن سے‎ PAA ak, A E A PTOA O 2 一 i 3 234 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. 1 U & š e 2 . |888| ف‎ š 5 B E - 2% ds Wind. o d o += و‎ HE Oo Station. Date. Hour. E be E E a JE 2 8 | 8 ۵ Clouds. E 3 ` Pe 8 188 Blok d E ° E S 50,5 کہ‎ E: dë Dä = Ka E Aaa š š z 1 ۳ E E - > gd Ë E 3 E $ ZS 1S 5 |8۵ ه‎ 4 | 5 2 = ° z E |< < |ë Š a = 1853. Camp 89 یسا ا‎ . 16|9a. m....| 785 |25.232.| 34.0) 37. 5125. 158 |...... 9a. m....| 790 | .300 | 46.8| 37.5 228 |25. 299 Station 2 do 17M sua 785 . 344 36.5| 35.0 «283 Lo. نی‎ p 84 do 8p. m....| 785 32 40,0) 40.2۲ . 330 OPen 3p. m....| 790 |. .330| 44 | 40.2۱ .364 |..... Bp. m. 785, 17.806.) 92:0 91.94... GP 5p. m....| 790| .298 | 315 31.9 | .354 9p. m....| 785 S06.) 12 BL ea A Boe 9p. m....| 790 ESI ILE اه‎ o moe LL Dec. IT | Pa B. 786 3: 2S مود‎ eee toe تہ‎ TW Bue. 790+... 336 oh... 4581ء‎ e FELD TELLUS Spa 31.0). sl ` ۲ 9&4 m... 790.17. 416 4| 31.0 . 393 |25. 348 Station C do 12} p. m..| 785 . 982 44.5| 51.0 | .302 Station 7 do op. hi... 789 .426 49. 5| 54.9 .405 Camp 85 do bDp.m.s 785 .419 47.5 46.5 409 5p. m....| 790 | .416 | 46.5) 46.5 439 9p. m....| 785 | .372| 20.5| 21.9 EST 9p. m....| 790|..368 | 20.5| 21.9 411 c جو تروس ھت‎ Dec. 18 ۲٢۳ 9 moult. 786 . 376 «ha. a 370 TE. m. 1790.1. MA Mi 399 Ba m. 18h 403 ۲ ۱ ous 382 8a. m....| 790 MA... Mb. . 398 Da m. 18 . 442 28. 5| 31.0 . 880 Ga. miss, (0 438 udi 31.0 408 10a. m... 785 . 456 32.5 34.0 378 » 10a. m...| 790 . 458 34.4 34.0 408 11 6. Dhad 7981. .434661 906.8.... 356 lla. m... 790 .458 رر‎ 7٤ 388 n hi. ed 85 | .448 | 42.5 48.2 | .372 .12 m.....| 790 | .447 | 43.4 48.2 | .401 ۱ p. m....| 785 | .485 | de 49.5 ce ee lp. m....| 190 ۱ ۰480 | 47.5| 49.5 | .414 |..... 2p. m....| 785| .424| 48.9 51.0| .385 2 P. m... 00| ORE 54.5, 51.0 415 3p. m....| 785 | .430 | 80,9 53.9 | .407 3p. m....| 790 432 | 55.0| 53.9 431 4p. m....| 785 416 48. 0| 44. 409 4p. m....| 790 | .412 | 46.0 44.5 441 5p. m....| 785 | .899 | 39.4| 38. 408 b p. m... 190,..400.| FLS 38:51. .444 CDP. Misa. (85 ٤۴ 380. 5| 30.5 404 6 p. m....| 790 | .390 | 31 |30.5| .438 7 p. m....| 785 | .389 | 29.5| 29 .400 7 p.m... OEE 398. sg .430 8p.m.. BE Lei 32.122 . 407 8 p. m....| 790 | .394 | 21.9| 22 438 Mr IA DET uu .A17 $5 dm. 196 bo J. a . 454 Do MN 319 1T A Ze 785 |... Inh. us ء7٦‎ TE Rud ME L. IRL Lun 413 Sa m... TBO |..496 |. 29.81 15.5 377 | Sa: 5m. 790 |). 488.1 23.5 23.5 408 25.386 Station A........ -.-.040:--.| 12 m...... 785 | .412 | 35.9| 36 383 Camp 86 do...-| 8 p. m....| 785 | .344 | 42 |40.9| .341 3 p.m....| 790 | .338 | 42 |40,9! .367 6 p. m....| 785 | .324| 35 | 35, 332 6 p. m....| 790| .318 | 35. | 6, 7 9 p.m....| 785| .284 | 20 | 20.61. .258 9 p. m-... 790 | .280| 20 | 20,58 | .285 e E Dec. اج 017ج‎ I Pei mel M... .280 了 a. m. Gg 790. 32 .280 10. mm .901 --- | 9 a. mcas] 785) wei 29.5) 30 .262 POM NU Ee, ےسم‎ BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. | | $ e, sg z | | B É Š SE 1 ES Wind 三 | ۱ | E E Ek: 33 ind. Station. Date. Hour. E 2 EF ۳ Ë JES 8 | 8 $ Clouds. $ | 8 $| 8 او و اي گا‎ g | - 3 1% E | ap c 33 f: | 一 = a E بی ح8‎ E ۵ 2 | O 2 E d Seel og ° 3 ë ñ H جج رت‎ ES 2 E wel 一 - ots o^ ہے‎ o z & | 4 < ۱ کم‎ 5 A E 1853. سی توقسن‎ Dec. 20|9 a.m....| 790 |25.318 | 27 | 30 ۱25: 290 ۱26: 382..... Camp 87 1395... 785 | .323 1.6 57 226 3 p.m...:|| 785 | .312 | 54.5| 55.2| .282 3 p.m....| 790| .310 | 51.6| 55.2 7 b p. m....| 785 | .314| 42.5| 42 | .316 5 p. m....| 790| .308 | 42 | 42 | .341 9 p. m....| 785 | .314| 45.5...... . 296 9 p.m....| 790 | .307 | 33.5| 34 | .320 Ho x Dec. 21| 7 a. m....| 785| .294]| 33.5| 84 244 Ta ma 790| .286 | 27.5| 27.5| .276 9 a. m....| 785 | .318 | 34.6| 34.8| .244 9 a.m...-| 790| ۰3802 | 40.3| 34.8| .255 | 13 9 سو‎ 2 185 6 53.7) 54.6| .164 | | E ai: 790 | .288 | 54.3| 54.6| .217 | | 3 p.m....| 785 | .274 | 55.5] 52 | .242| | 3 p.m....| 790| .268 | 52.5 52 | ۰281 | 5 p. m....| 785| :278 | 46.7| 45.8| .270 | | 5 p.m....| 790 | .264| 45.7 45.8| .289 |. | L 9 p.m....| 785 .268 | '89.5| .239 کے‎ 9 p. m....| 7901 .272 | 89.8 39.5| .271 ti... = ee 33 T T à... > 185 250 | 27.5| 27.5| .200 = Tam... 7901 .24€| 27.6 27. BF. 226 Fam. 1894 7:208 Pisi Mil. mis . 199 Va mo 1 1904 2218-1038. Mio و‎ .226 6 tion do 1315... ج۲8‎ 5:058 | 51.1 24. 959 Habbo H....—. ----do....| 3 p. m....| 785 [24.746 | 49.5...... . 696 . Camp 88 do 7} p. m.. 790 | .676 | 39.5| 37.8 685 9 p.m....| 790 | .687 | 37.7.....- . 690 ا‎ Dec. 237 à.m....| 790| .726 | 28 | 30 105 | 9 ۵ m....| 790| .767 | 28.5| 30 735 24.741 Station. 20 ہے ا‎ os lr o ee, 7853 Sté E KE MS. . 136 | Station 12 Li de... $' p. ma...) 185123. 908 SL re 123.755 | | | Camp 899 ES CR E E | 908. 38 ee 24. 006 | | | dal DER. AE [TAM s. 85 | .966 31 23. 983 | 9 a.m....| 785 [24.039 | 26,7) 26 977 9 a.m....| 790 (23.991 | 20.5| 26. 977 1338. E 785 (24.005 | 45.5| 51.6) .925 |. 12m......| 790 ۱28.980 | 44 | 51.6| .934 3 p.m....| 785 | .962 | 47.2 53.8 0 3 p.m....| 790| .940| 47.2) 53.8 .959 6 p. m....| 785 | .928 | 33.3 34.9 .953 6 p.m....| 790 | .906 | 34 | 34.9 .948 9 p. m....| 785 | .876 | 15.3------ . 908 9 p. m....| 790 6 1 15, ML. 904 M مت‎ Dec. 25 | 7 8.m....] 785| .924| 5.8] 5.5] .922 Tdi... 190 934 6. ! 5.5| .960 9 &.m....| 785 (24.050 | 28.5| 33 | .998 9 a.m....| 790 | .050 | 26.5 33 ۱24 2 12m......| 785 | .048 | 38.8 39 23.982 12m......| 790 | .047 | 39.8| 39 24.099 3 p.m....| 785 | .028 | 42.5 46.2 .026 Lia .034 | 46.29 .062 | 5 p.m-...| 785| .012 Par 15. 081 | e | 5 p.m....| 790 | .018 | 36.2 37 | .065 | 9 p.m....| 785 | .020 | 17 |------ . 038 | 9 p.m....| 790 0941 17 Bi .083 | E سورس‎ Dec. 26 |7a.m...-| 785 | .034 S رک یں‎ 037 | ` S زر ریو‎ e Hi- . 056 | oui TSS) COO 21 | 25 034 | Ja m| 790 | .074 | 21.60.....- . 058 | Station C .do 19 m... 785 50 qo... 23.874 |24. 9 6 ]01 Ka ww de P As. Bi 4 | 1 | | ہا پا ALUM‏ V pue 236 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. | Š asia | : | B 8 8 5 | ی هد‎ E B = TE 85 | Wind. ° k | Ë S p? . o Station. Date. Hour. E £ i E 5 2 E SEI 8۵ $ UI age Clouds. - بث‎ Sc s. | e 3 1| و کو‎ 3E| š * | [$ | 3 (gu fa) E | و‎ ó BO [3 4 [$28 $^ 4 S 2 E I 4 | ]6 | A E | | 1853. | | | Betten. ies . 26 |2.40p.m..| 785 |23.430 | 45. Kaes 23. 417 | Camp 90 do p. m....| 785 | .482 | 39.7| 40.3| .49 p.m....| 785 |..510 | 35,5) 36.3| .488 e + EE کو‎ Dex 27 T C & h.. 85 528 9 | 30 475 9 a. m....| 785 | .567 | 32.1 33.2 .498 23.590 Station 13 dc 14 m.-..3beT35 | ۷ 298 | MV 和 Station D dc Sp. M--- Tae . bist کے و ا‎ 132 Camp 91% de 9 p. m....| 785 | .028 | 29.5| 30.2| .019 D. Apte de Dec. 28 |7 a.m....| 785 | .006 | 23.5 23.522.964 TEM 1804 3002 CEA EL . 960 FE 7904 30% 44 BL. 955 19 m -. Lo T2884 وود‎ 61.5| 71 6 fiw رت‎ 790 |22.986 | 60.8| 71 | .906 3 p.m....| 785 | .964 ۱۰48, 8 sue aen 3 p.m....| 790| .952| 49 | 51 969 6 p. m....| 785 | .939 | 42 | 47 934 6 p. m....| 790 | .920 | 42.3| 47.7 .956 9 p. m....| 785 | .938 | 44.9| 45.3| .897 9 p. m....| 790 | .916,| 45.3 45. 906 | Ta. m....| 785|..854 | 36.5 37. 786 | | "em A 790 | 828 | 36, 7| 37. 790 9 a, m--..| 785| .886 | 38.5| 39. 803 9 a. m....| 790 | .848 | 37.5 39.5| .798 à ۱۰ وو‎ ass 185 | .844 | 41.7| 45. 773 MM 90 | .815 | 42.6 45. 773 sS p.m... 785| .811]| 43.7]. 45. 808 3 P.M... 7904 BOC 3 3 b. .834 6 p. m---. 785 | .814 ۱۰38 | 38.7|..817 p. m....| 790 | .806 | 38.5| 38.7| .849 DEM Ded, 29 | 9 5 mic. 4-785 | pe 898 9 9.5|..822 p.m....| 790 | .816 | 29.6 29.5| .838 ea. bare ج‎ Dec. 30 | 7 à.m....| 785 | .802]| 12.5......|...783 sana D ée e ممیت‎ 8 A Fie |. تا‎ Ta we .852 | 30 1 787 9 a.m....| 790 | .854 | 30.5 31 | .819 Dr 785 | .898 | 41.2 49 | .828 + ہش‎ 2 790 | .886 | 41.6 49 846 LS ñit... مھ رب وی‎ IE رای‎ ee 935 3p.m....| 790 | 908: HIRO. 958 | 5 p. m-...| 785 | .920 | 24.5| 25.6. .961 5 p.m-...|. 790 | .911| 25 | 25.6. .985 5 p. tds 7851 291 1T Lu... 934 9 ری‎ 1. MEE کے اک ا‎ TD `. ger de Dee. 3] ] Taw MIB] ILI . 962 T A. m... 9 . SFE 586. ہے‎ . 982 9 a. m....| 785 |23.0 33.4 39.5| .982 We e می یں وش‎ 1001 lll 3.6 39.523.013 22.886 Station 7. do 19 رر تھا‎ 785 22.910 | 47.5| 45 (92.928 | Camp 92 do 3 p. m-...| 785 013 48.5 44.523.000 5 p. m....| 785 |22.980 34.8| .001 5 p. m....| 790 | .980 | 37.8| 34.8| .094 9 p. m-...|. 785 ¡23.026 | 30 | 30.2| .016 9 p.m....| 790| a 30 | 30.2| .039 1854. | | mn ARRE a Jan. 1۱ ۵ m...| 785 | .048 | 29.5| 29 ووا‎ 995 "Tu 4.790 |. 03 9.5| 29 |23. 009 FEN. O او‎ 9. 9 41 |. .000 à | 9 a. m....| 790 | .076 | 40.6| 41 | .019 (22.877 Station C do I 1l 085 | (4180 1561 1655 | 090 Camp 93 لت‎ 3 p.m.-..|. 785 | .184 | 55.7| 49.5... ۱ T | pM. 739 | .166 | 35.5| 36.2 .184 4 2 A 1¿ én da corr d. + ۳۹4 Sia p 85. BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 237 1 | d OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. | | à 8984 | E | o = ` 2 2 tb | 2 3 š š 873 HE | Wind. Station. Date. Hour. 5 El | رگ‎ | 8 Ir AS Clouds. 3 | SS hot] 8 |59 ای‎ gg] a تد‎ ۶ ۵ 9 | SCHEECK 2 E Q 4 [dus SA $ g ó B is 5 (339 有 8 À š A E |< ہے‎ MiS a E 1854. Camp 93......... Jan. 5 p.m....| 790 23.162 | 37 | 36.223.208 9 p.m...-| TSB | .140 | 32; ۵ 33.9, .124 9 p.m...:|:790 |-.134 | 33 | 33.9| .149 | 7 a. m....| 185 | .144 | 24.5| 24 100 | 了 GD Jan 2. Dig. W. ی,,‎ 29۵ 1 24.6 24 116 9 a, m..-2} 785 | -.190 | 39 1.6 | .106 | 9 a. m.--2 790 | .178 | 37.5) 47.5) 8 ۱ ld mis Li 185 ۱۰۰494 | 51.5| 47.5| .233 23.049 | Station 12 do 3 p.m....| 785 [23.704 | 42 0 93.703 | Camp 94 do T a. m..-:} 785 |33.632 | 20.9, 20 23.596 | ¡AAA E O AS: A 2 20 7615 | 9 a 46.9| 47.5| .541 | b s. ua. 47.51 .562 | | ۱ ANN و‎ .529 bl |.47.5|..565 | A 7 bi xs i 262895 | j | 51.5| 47.5 .517 |. e | Hio io ET A | — T 50 4 pu NA ار وو‎ 57.4 61 ۵5 سے‎ PIE DEI 59 | 61 | .559 pa 20 bE A | | 2 p.m... 2 572 | 55.9 761 | .563 8 p. -. 785 | .574 | 51 555 $ p. m. اع‎ .582 | 54 8 587 4 p. 2۰785 | .550 | 49.4...... .5 4 p.m-...| 790| .542| 46 | 53 | .587 5 p. m..-.].: 785 556: F33, EO ¿517 5 p. m...-| 790 | .520| 36 | 53 568 7 p. m....| 7856 | .504 (Gr E . 516 Tp. m.-- 307190 506 32 53 543 | Rame 185 5141--36:5:-...-1: | 8 p. m....| 790 | .520 | 36.5| 53 532 | | 9 p. m....| 785| .500 | 30.5| 33 489 9 p. m....| 790| .500| 31 .519 Dc 7 Jen. 4d 7 0ی 2419 .322185 ہن‎ LI OC Ze 79 380 | 30.5| 30.11: .355 EM 9 a. mi. 44m 1-59; HB 9 a. m...-| 790 | .4924| 37.9| 38.9 . JE. ee. 785 | .370 42.4 .300 سے ور جا‎ 790 | .372 | 41.8| 42.4| 2 S pam... al TOE .94. 43 3 338 3 p.m....| 790 | -.330.| 43.4| 43 |. .358 5 p.m...-.| 785 | .322 | 29.5| 30 341 EE 9ء‎ 299:|.35 8 . 349 9 p.m....|. 785 | .312 | 29.5| 30 303 9 p. m....| 790| .296 | 30.5| 30 316 | Do. اہی بے ہے‎ 495. 5.1 T 0605309004 208 1: 2458 . 217 | T-a& 5 | 9-a: m..--| 785 | .294 |: 35.81 36 214 | 9a.m:...| 790 | .286 239 | z Je s 7895 k .264 | 43.6) 46.7۱ .189 2 ER 190| .257 | 44.2) 46. 212 3p.m....]. 785 | .244| 35 6 259 3 p.m....]- 790 | .238.|. 35.6) 36 | .283 | 6 p.m....| 785| .272..34 | 85 | .298 | 6 p.m....| 790 | .265 5 17 | ae 9 p.m..--| 785 | .263.| 32.0, 34.2. 248 E ES 097 p.m....| 790 | .254 | 34.9| 34.2 4 | Wiere فو‎ Jan. 6 a. الا‎ win 785 836 2: 3 298 | re 29 09 Tomos ۰9906 ٢۴ 22.63 360 | gk 9 a.m..--| 785 | .376.22.6 24 322 |..--44/ ii 9 ee .886 | 23.5. 24 498 (ae | 238 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS-— Continued. | D | 二 & n | ¢ | ° | g | & | Š | ë | - : š 1533 ام‎ wia | E ‘ © * li ës Station. Date. Hour. 2 مر‎ |Sul:8 ا 8 وج‎ 8 Clouds. = ” و‎ S 8 E ۰ | 2 A R Zig [B $95 و ورپ‎ D ñ a a ea | 5 ° = : i š کےا‎ s |8۶ 8٩| 8 6 | E 3 S Ë |< CRT jet. a E 1854. Camp. M... Jan. 6.114 m......? 785 |23. 388 28.5| 30. 1/23, 344 ZWEE 790 . 398 9, 6۱ 30.1; 493 3 ہو‎ Mme. <6 85 . 440 8.5) 28.5| .468 3 p.m...4* 790 . 436 29. BE 28. 6۳5 558 |... 5 p.m....| 785 | .482 | 23 | 22.9| .527 5 p.m..-2| 790 . 480 BS. 7٦۶ 9 p. m....| 785 ۱. 9 93 9 9 35m...241:790 . 560 22.3| 28 . 661 dg AA dam... فاد‎ TS A ah Ld, 55.4. . 638 T a.m... s 790 | 648 11. 5|. 23 . 693 9 a. Mar 185 . 136 30 34 . 665 9 8-104. 2679068 29.5| 34.5| .690 13m.....:| 785 | . 782 7۶ . 666 ¿S E 790 28 | 40.5 .142 3 p. m...-| 785 | . 717 | 38.5| 40 742 3 p. m....| 790 708 | 40.5| 40.5) .742 9'p.m.. TSG 076 15:27 RL . 675 9 p. m....| 790 692. 1^. 25. Bb... 762 an A 785 |. .724 | 30.6 31.5 Zë Ma 345790 | 10718 31. 9 a. Ma. 186 732 35. 8| 37 . 709 La. Mes HITOS. 708 FI SE ST Ah... 23. 451 Station C do ot eee 185 129.764 15:51 “io... 23. 672 Camp 95 do b p. m....| 785 (28.976 |: 41 Lio... 23. 982 9 p. ma. 18 . 974 35 35-51 953 DOL JE T4. A TOO J... ۱19 BOS lud ۱ 9 a... mw. 23: 785. .960 | 42.5) 41.2 868 68 Station 6 do 12.m..... 3^ T85 124.032 50 di... 23. 942 Station 13. do 3 p. m.. 190 |24.286 | 49.5|...... .25 Camp 96 do Sunset....| 790 ¡24.362 | 37.8| 37.824. 406. ۱ .9p. m....| 790 | .368 | 28.6| 29.8| .392 Do... Jan, ..10.] Sunriso. 15790 1. 3881229 Ar an 5|: . 360 |... 9 a. m... TIO | 498. E 34. 8): :34, T5. de dia uid S ھ‎ I... ri .454| 34 | 34.7|.......)24. 376 Station 14 do U3 TT 784 (24.714 | 43.6) 42. 924. 625 Sëch Camp 97 do 3p. m....| 784 8 45 49 124.987 Š Faiths TBA 7 38.3) 38 . 999 9 p. m....| 784 |24. 988 26.5| 26.8| .974 Do.........| Jan. 11/78. m....| 784 [25.010 | 20.5| 20.5| .964 | T a.m... 790 di سے‎ dde DE we S 84 . 026 34.3| 40 . 939 als 9.&. m... J M اہ‎ ni E RS T84 |24. 984 | 55.6| 63 18 لی وا‎ 790 | .970 | 55 54. 8 .897 ji 3p. m....| 784 | .930 | & 48 898 e 3p. m....| 790; .904 | 63.5| 59.9| .904 5 p. m.. 184 | .888 | 41.5| 42.5| .885 á bp.m....| 790 | .862 | 42 2.5| .896 9 کا‎ W84 | S 898 1. 25 "SIA لت‎ .9p.m....| 790 | .806 | 25 | 27 | .838 |...-.- ۱ ۱:۳۲ th ña; Ad 3 TR. ¿2 790 T34 1 1 M os e TEL 24,921 Camp 98 ..do 12m.....| 784 |24.930 | 55 | 54. 94و‎ 5 i E ارم‎ 784 | 5.904 1: ۷ 9| .842 3 3 p.m....| 790 | .894 | 62.5} 59.9| 7 5 p.m....| 784 | .890 | 48.5| 49 . 866 5 p.m....| 790| .864 | 49.5| 49 881.1. و‎ p.m....| 784| .876 | 27 | 27.5| .861 9 p.m....| 790| .858 | 27.5| 27.5| .884 SUUM AA Jan. 13,7 & m....| 784| .898| 20.5| 21 .852 ; Ta 039 I 21.5 21 S814. سب(‎ > I 4. SOc. S 82 Station À do 020 | 52 | 56 ۱24 1 Station 15 do + 50 | 58 126.030 |... k BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS, 239 | OBSERVATIONS —Continued. ò Bà. š 4 Ses D E š £ اوق سا‎ aš Wind. 3 . |B | $ | اه‎ 85 | Station. Date. Hour. 8 Fd ER B | ۶ 8 ER) Clouds. Es DE -S o BE. zg " 2 :3 "e Ë اخ میا‎ TE | E Ki = a a Be} 59 = ° 5 be 3 = Sal 2 8 Y 8 e =Ë | s 823152) £ |Ë =Z E |< " یں‎ 7 a S 1854. Camp رر‎ +6 Jan. 13 i سم شس‎ | Jan. 14 Do Jan. 15 BE | | کت‎ ^ ios La po ET mm | I Dia aS dn | - Do. Jan. 16 | T = ۹ 0 Cirrus. تفت‎ BE... .5 | Cirro-stratus, 3 Camp 100 do S&E....| 2 | Nim.&cir.-cu.9 &E.... 3 do B.E. ¿1 سا‎ ,/ 7 Do--------- Jan. 17 OW ای‎ 8 | Nimbus L... o | Ci alo "Y er i 24. 354 Station 6 do ‘ Camp 105 do i تمه مج‎ E oaa E Tam, , 78 d پش ہہ‎ á P4353 1 E : d 4 .306. 24. 362 Station D-------- w CONES 4 m. 1 - E 90 Së - 8 - - 1 ` Si wei Camp 106 | do , 148. à 41110 | Ë «ss او سوه فاد‎ TO +. 95. | | de a " 3 ور او‎ 5 aed ë : ENS LLL xk 4 $ ; [ ۱ ce ENT dou. mA Ë Do 25996...3 Jam... 26 | 7. e Sei ہت‎ ? E: a. Sind E 7۷ $ i ji žá 1 = D ad. =- a dd š Ge T 127 تد‎ Jan.. 27 — Se ° > اسا ا‎ Station 7 ls ae Station 15 š --do. pp di Camp 107 -— ee ایی جس‎ Pe à a fuesen N 25. 187). i Camp 168... ....- Jan. 28 mm de 2 2 á J. PE I | eh ! 7 eh , i ud š ] babs Ge Za $ed. | SE ۹ d si s di یو‎ a es 1 Cas coche SC ۓے و‎ Tune | اش سی نا‎ PARS | 0027 p^ 8 ] 1 ن‎ 17 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 1 ° ' ` 3 1 ۱ Kai | B | . |888|À D | 3 | | 8 | 8 RSS 3.8 Wind o k H ka < = ° Station. Date. Hour. E | E E E E E Š g 8 Š | Clouds و‎ 3 fer ie ۱۵ 6 | y | e, | ZE EX 3 اہ یت‎ So | 2 ES Ww | cu. 9 g ہے‎ 5 | og 5 o | 3 | Un & and "Po ° 2 (OM ENS. = p. Sad| à is 8 Z Ba 4 < A | © A = | "^ x | Ex Camp 108 ..... an. 29|9a.m....| 790 25.354 | 61 | 54 25.249 ám... 04 | 2 36 1.6 54 226 | | | Itu u.s 790 | .31 8.7, 60.5| .231 | | 1 784 | .326 | 59.5| 60.5۱ 9 3 p.m....| 190 | .310| 62 | 67 293 3 p.m....| 184| .3241.61 | 67 266 6 p. m....| 790 | .299| 50.5| 51 | .818 53cm. Tek MR be | 51 290 9 p. m....| 790 | 308 | 40.8| 41 306 Td Tee 320 | 40.6 41 .273 woe Jam. 30|T7à..... TOT .345] 530 | 31 | .321 Ta.m....| 784 | .367| 30 | 31 | .299 9a.m....| 790 | .418 | 59.5| 49 . 316 | 9a.m....| 784 14 | 49 49 .293 25. 358 | Station B 36 19 mo 2. 784 (25.320 | 58 | 59 7 | Station F do 3 p. 784 25.388 | 69.5 25. 312 | Camp 109 do Spm "7 | 52 9. 6/25. 327 | E NBI 497] 42.5] 278 | | Ds 有 296 | 29 30 Tee, | | zi |92a.m....| 784| .273| 51 | 50 | .148 |25.235 | | Station do e 784 |25.430 | 70 | 74 |25.272 | | Camp 110 do 4 p.m....| 784 |24.976 | 72.6| 73.9|24. 904 | | bpm 8ز‎ 950 | 57 | 57.2| .9 | | 9 p. m....| 784 | .924| 49.5| 49 3 | | e Feb Titema | 784| .800| 41 | 41 |24.708 | | 9a,m....| 784| .854| 58 | 63.6| .714 |24. 954 | | Station 1 do 101 a. m..| 784 24.792 | 62 |...... 24. 633 | | 101s.m..| 783) .782 | €61.7|...... . 623 | | Station 6 do 3 p.m----| 784 (25.984 | 73 | 69.525. 7 | | Camp 111 do 5 p. m....| 784 26.332 | 60 | 62 26.278 | | 9 p. m....| 784 | .340 | 41 | 43 | .291 | | hm... 783] .234| 41.5...... 346 | | Tee Feb. 2|7a.m-...| 784| .432 | 35.5 36 . 352 | TK Re 41 a . 338 | 9a.m....| 784 | .478 | 57.1 51 | 46 | 0 وو‎ 89 490 1 556. Locus #362 iyu سے و‎ 84| .506 a . 861 eee ae 783 | .532| 71.5 70.2] .375 3 p.m....| 784 | .458 | 67.5| 67.5| .382 5 p. m....| 784 | .460 | 53. 4.1.4 TD... DL E m TTI 466 | 38 38.5 79 Tis TOY MOT Mi. . 46 9a.m....| 784| .428 | 59.5| 61 | .381 Dé ME... 700 512 NULLI. . 413 SRE 784 | .516 | 68.6 68 | .365 fud. 7003 ded | eL... 404 3 p.m....| 784 .474| 69.5| 68.8| .393 جس دہ‎ 1 T4141 € Los 425 5 p.m....| 784| .457 | 61.5| 62.1| .401 Bd ml. l GLE ہے‎ .428 وت‎ I LS 9 p.m....| 784| .440| 44 | 46 | .384 2 Fm... duel 48 E . 427 | o e Fb Ft 1M] 43] 4 | 4.1] . Mi | 人 .371 |26. 461) | Station 1 do 9 a.m....| 784 26.644 | 55 | 56 (26.507 | | Camp 112 do 3 p.m....| 784 27.182 | 73 | 75 [27.091 | | b p. En OR] «I 63.4| 63. .098 | 8.80p.m..| 784 | .142 | 39.5| 40.5 0 | و‎ R — mé situ. l ۶ 37.8| .033 27.178 do 9 a. m....| 784 (27. 9.6 52.527.045 | Station 5 do HN. eus 184 (27.688 | 63.5| 62.427.556 | Station 19 do 3 p. m....| 784 ۱21.836 | 69.5| 69.227.750 | Camp 113 do....| 5 p. m....| 784 |27.844 | 63.6 27. 178 | 242 BAROMETRI? OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. | | Le eet E ; | | FEIDE 5 | ° E | او رت‎ ag Wind. Station. Date. Hour. g | "Aa SE E ES EAU Clouds. 8 | S Is] Ë |88 | ug | a | Š $ 1% 3 ms گے‎ | | EN 2159.11.15 ME | ` ۳ 3 = a: S ES = | y o di نب‎ 72 [5] Ga ہے‎ | o | Z | a jx < کا‎ ei A | = | | I | | 1854. | | Camp = دوم یا‎ Feb 5|9p.m....| 784 27.818 | 60.8 652.207.744 SEA Feb ^6 | TG Mm. T7T8&4| .828] 30 | 40 | .13 | 9 a.m----| 784 | .908| 63 | 61 | .748 27,714 | Station A do 19۷ 784 27.950 | 71 | ۰۵ | Station B do 8 p. m....| 784 (28.040 | 77.5| 80 (27.934 | Camp 114 do 5 p. m-...| 784 28.124 | 64.6 63 |28. 055 | 9 p.m--.-| 784 | ۰080 | 40.5| 42 | .031 | is Feb. 7|7 a. m....| 784| .072| 30.5 32 | .003 27.997 | Station A .... do 9 a. m-...| 784 (28.232 | 69 28. 057 d Camp 115 BESRE 784 28.294 | 75.2| 74.528. 121 | ۰1 38 p.m....| 784 | .234| 78. 8۱ 6 136 | | | Pw T T "mel eB... 147 | ~“S pem.--.| 78€| .220| 62.5| 63 | 5 p. m....| 790 ITO .162 | 9 p. m....| 784| .226 | 56 | 56.4| ۱ | 9pm. ۲80 | .200] BE . 155 | : ! کے اون‎ Feb. 8|7 8.m....| 784 | .284 | 44.5| 42.9 .18 | TR S q Bao s .202 |28. 120| Station 1 do 9 a.m....| 784 28.352 | 63 | 60.228.191 | Station 8 do ma 784 |28.401 | 72 | 73 84 Camp 116 Mo ab 3 p.m....| 784 |28.418 | 81 75 128.301 fuu Ies onu 336 5 p.m....| 784 | .361 | 65.2 66 dg PE ane Pim Beet es dat s os . 835 9 p.m-...| 784 | .390 | 55.4| 55.5, .304 9 p.m....| 790 | .376 | 55 | 55.5 .333 Bi Feb. 9|T 8. m....| 784 | .422 | 42.5| 42.5| .313- Tum] mel 42.5| 42.5| .334 |28. 316 DUO EE EEN Boscu Pah TOE 28. 490 0.5; 63 28.335 i Camp 117 هو‎ ie 784 (28.526 | 77.5 19.828.345 S ھت ہا ہو‎ Tar 16.1| 717 . 370 bpm o 0 do . 404 5p m..--| 784 ۰4411 9 315 : 5 p. m....| 790 | وو‎ | 63.6| 63.5| 01 9 p.m-...| 784 | .438| 43.5| 44.9| .382 9 p. m....| 790 | .436 | 44 | 44 420 | DET Feb. 1017 a.m....| 784 | .446 | 42 | 42.9| .348 | 7 s.m....| 790 | .420| 41.5] 42.9 .36 9 a. m-...| 784 | .500 | 55 58 28. 478 Station A do ار‎ — 784 (28.545 | 71 3 1 Camp 8 do 3 p.m....| 784 |28.546 | 71.5| 72 6 FI TER 0 .495 e t . 500 65 | 65 468 63 | 64.9 .451 ۱ q یں‎ . 469 BO27 Feb: 11 EE .818 56.5} 57.5| .405 |. 6 | 56.8| .437 28.664 Station A --72:221]--.:do. 59 | 60 (28.508 | Camp 119 --[----do. 56 | 51.228.596 T: aw ہے‎ . 613 MN E . 583 6 | 5% | .566 21 55 | 56.8| .487 = [9 pr iE i BB | EES Feb. 12 | Sm T 4 + 7 .527 : 4T | 49.8 .481 63. 6 515 ` QA NASA . 540 |28. 752) 2222... Station A. do 9 128.560 |.... ep iw |....do 71.5! 72 128.657 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 243 OBSERVATIONS—Continued. | I! THES | | | 8 5 s [523 | 98 Wind. | | B . |Ë = [*.:32!23 | Station. Date. Hour. | E >o E ۳ E E 8 ۶ | 8 8 Clouds. em ° 一 m " | | PER 339-8 اوہ وا‎ a | || a Š | 2 S t |» G | °> 4 X S ۱:8 872 ۱ ۵ 8 E ei > 2 ا‎ Ke anv g Ë o ۳۲ | o ei > od Sm g ۲ A o | Z E < < | 名 O = E | | 1854. . : | Camp 120 ......- eb. 12 | Sunset....| 784 |28.736 | 64 | 64.728.667 |... | - Sunset....| 790 | .692 | 67.5|.....- E aee | Le : | 5 : 58 MAG Aue 7 WS i zé 49.3| 53 | .060 |28. 972 | base, Station A. qo اون‎ TEC ne 783 |29.289 | 68: 5|---:-- 29. 155 |.....- | | | We Station 了 do p.m....| 783 [29.262 | 66.2| 61 29.181 |....- | | | Camp 122 do... Sunset....| 783 |29.266 | 62.3| 59.529.194 |---.--|--------|------|--------+----- ; Ba m8] el 4L3À3 41.7) .115 |.....- rta AA Dol.-....--.| Feb. 16 | Sanrise . 783 | .046 | 41 41. 4/28. 964 |....-- | ---- 19 a.m...-| 783] .077| 52 9| .942 29.086 "UN Station 2 do d idad 783 29.024 | 63.7|.....- 28. 8 Ne Camp 123 do 3 p. m....| 783 |29.102 | 70.5| 70 29.015 |-- - Sunset....| 783 | . 99 1... ہے‎ ud pom.) 785 51 | 54 tc Feb. 17 | Sunrise | 783) .128 | 4T.7| 48.7/29.029 |.... - 132... 188 Dëse .030 dove ےو‎ "l| Ni] 8 la .039 |29. 12 1 Station B....---- .-..do....| 123 p. m...| 783 29.282 | 63.5 29. 150 |.....- DBDPIANM.....--I.... do....| 8 p. m....| 783 29.303 | 55.2 29.249 |.. d جار سو‎ MEAS ss .279 |.. D um ...| Feb. 18 | Sunrise ...| 783 | .286 | 4 46.5| .193 29.30 | | IA e. | 29. 368 | | 1 3 Im... 783 (29.520 | 56.4| 55.129.390 |---- | | " 3 p.m....| 783 | .560| ! 53.7| .509 |.... | | 3 i Sunset....| 788] .574 | 52.7| 53.3| .526 |...- | | CN 9 p. m....| 783 | .638 | 42.5) 44.3| .582 | aue — UU ee Feb. 19 | Sunrise ..| 783| .656 | 30.5| 31 | .601 29.504 | EE Camp 126 Sunset ....| 783 (29.700 | 61.5| 60.939.629 |. | mc T spm -| 788|>.660 | 45.5....-- . 605 | | uec n M Doe. poe Feb. 20 | Sunrise... 783| ۰ 0 نود‎ . 605 (29.573 |.6 Du ci Station A(1) 9 a. m....| 783 (29.826 | 57.2 9. 676 | | ا‎ tation C do....| 12mL....-| 783 ۱99-889 | 6 9, 688 | cec A Station A(?) do....| 3 p. m....| 783 [29.796 | 6 EUST `... | E 0 ,3-- Case 74+80 do ...| Sunset....| 783 |29.756 | 6 586 اا‎ > O | Cirrus, 1. ---- nset.. ہج‎ 4 | .. ¿685 O A |------------- m s p h. 788] E ~- 708 | تا‎ | ld IT Ü |-------------- e ‫َ 9 p.m....| 790! .740) 50.3------ 01 |. <= z -- BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. ° | & a E سک‎ ۰ T E š S82 a2 Wind. y PE $ |9* ¿| $3 Station. Date. Hour. 2 e ول‎ E ا‎ A Clouds. E Slot | B | 8 6 هو ای‎ |. d 一 $ o g مد‎ ° e 2 * ^5 [s a | 2 و اک‎ 3 Š 一 + Sais ES 2 É 8 | š = | و‎ 8 2 | BS A 3 ۶ E |< ہے‎ EH Të 二 一 1854. VID EEN Feb. 21] &.m....| 783 |29.804 52.3| 49. 5/29. 678 |------ 9 222 de, Te Fin. 90 . 84 E p EE Th Berm PA wm. | TOS . 82 DS, Des came ¿080 129. 022 B... 0. 5 | Cirrus, 2 ..... Station A do IST 183 |29. 828 69.3 ZU amr T MEA 0 Cirro می‎ 6 Camp 128 do ZE TUS وو وو‎ Ci نم‎ o هام‎ eee 0 ری‎ ES Sunset* 783 78 EX dr RC. quieres qi, d DENS 0 Cir. cumulus, 9 Pu Tu T T m PTE us N.W ..| 0.5 Cumulus, i ۹ شوج‎ Feb. 22 | Sunrise 783 UAT MINI TOR رات‎ aed کس‎ C 0 Nolo Ium. 188 936 |, ier . 794 29. 641 Station 5 do IAM s 783 |29. 991 9.7 Emm e CA دی‎ 0 Cir. cumulus, 9 Camp 129 do Sunset .--- 783 [29,800 IU Uh E EEN nset....| 790 77 eg, dh: pew N.W...| 0.3 do cS oi pagel apes Feb Sa) Dum | toe T1001 HL S 4 90 Loca Sunrise - 790 OUT 3۳ e . 641 0 do oe it...” Te SURE 和 "650 29. 601 > Station 7 do Im 183 [128.780 | TOB --.2.— پک ہے ےا کےا گا لوٹ‎ SEE 0 Cir. cum r Station 1 do 3 p. 783 29.474 | 71 Wa. SE E 8W:-- E Cir. cumulus, 7 130 do Sunset....| 783 |29.618 | 68.8 is E 0 ae cumulus 2 p.m....] T7838 . 558 68. تھا مھ‎ eS 8.W-..] 0.8 وق ان‎ See WS مہہ‎ Feb. 24 | Sunrise ...| 783 | .590 | 55.6|.....- Aures NOW ہے‎ 5 Cirro NE 1 oR mW... I I8 . 64 BL IL... .482 29.421 0 dé 1.2 Station 31 do 57855... 183 129.5886 |. وی‎ IT کا‎ ZEE I. N.W ..| 4 Nono ا ا‎ Station 5- do 3 p. s 783 |29. 120 65.5 20 De S NNW 3 None 2236222. Station 8 do Sunset....| 783 |29. 642 65. 2 29.562 Camp 131 do 9 p.m....| 783 ۱29.738 | 51.3 29 859g v N.N.W 1 Nb 2 a 9 تک‎ ee Feb. 25 | Sunrise ...| 783 42 E ey a 680 29.608 0 NORE C. ul Camp 132 do ja.m....| 783 29.866 | 58 |...... 713 TIN ll. 83 . 856 S54 19 مهس بو ما[‎ . 706 Sunset....| 783 | .701 | 70 68 BC Dee 8 Cris, E à. 9 p.m....| 788 | .636 | 54.5| 55.5| .550 E V S V ET Feb. 26 | Si Lx ۔‎ 3 . 582 36 37.5 DIM iti Ba bus ۰9 8 g ای‎ 185 . 664 59.5| 62.3 510 |29. 587 l Station A.. do E eg 783 29.710 | 66.2......- edi SEE i Camp 1338 do-...| 3 p. m....| 783 [29.676 | 72.7| 71.229.577 |29. 58 Camp 1348 ...... Feb. 28 | 83 a. m...| 784 [29.632 | 60.5 29. 475 otia --e 40" | E (oa vu .453 ES 84 . 588 和 . 512 MIS caen March 1 suni. we روا‎ QUT SPI uU .580 $ TOE LT BET I .618 29.595 Camp 135 do A. ہے سار کا‎ 184 |29. 724 | 59.: 29. 587 Kee zt TR | 146] e . 676 Bnet /— 2 ee Pee |) DEG مھت‎ .694 rpm...) Tet| ee) apu. 2: Spb o: NR d. March 2 ma... BET Tu .792 29.586 Station B do 9 2. m....| 784 ۱29. 646 | 51 29. 513 Station 4 do TNCS. kaq" 784 |29.026 | 65.7 28. 873 Ee Station D do 3 p.m....| 784 |28.508 | 60.5 28. 444 Camp 136. do 6.10 p. m. 784 ۱27.900 | 49.5 21. 855 po... TET ON مور ےے‎ - .882 RR = ` ter wen ` SOR I 4B Iu. . 786 2 Station 2 سے‎ ELISE m... T 784 27.900 |. 4X 1I. s... 27.785 Camp 137 -do eeng 784 |27. 372 69. : 27.216 Ue 3p.m....| 784 ooon OL .220 Sunset....| 784 . 264 BE Tin... ¢ 1 EN b. | MT .215 231 I. 4200 5. 2 potum ise a March 4 | Sunrise....| 784 IM «eI r om aT cO ONE FER xo 93 ۵ 784 26.548 | 53. 26. 410 Station ا ` ہے لا‎ E 784 (26.342 | 59 26, 212 | Station | 25.763 | Appearance of rain. T Wind in gusts. t In gusts. ions 133 and 134 were upon opposite sides of the river, at about the same height above the water. 'The mean of the barometric readings at the two places is taken to determine their altitude above the sea. BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. 245 ò AA, 8 1 E . | 8 8 8 th ۲ 5 E 5 |S) 98 Wind. ° A = Kg = sS ck Station. Date. Hour. 2 = las A JES S AS Clouds. š S lu | 8 | 8 5 اي‎ us E = š o E t © 2 E o E EN ہک‎ E Bu o2 3 E P ¿a = وه ود‎ EE $ Š š 8 1% 4 [838/58 E 5 z Ë |< 24 ما‎ " * | ۵ A Es 1854. Camp 138........ March 4 | Sunset....| 784 |25. 682 SOO 75 25. 630 x Te | ainak . 620 Bo a ES March 5 SO RI... 539 (25. 626 Station D do 46.2 25.172 Camp 139 do 52.8 25. 069 DE 2 . 109 28 .068 ER March 6 SEL... O24 135,192 Camp 140 do 35.5 25. 997 Do March 7 38.5 26.020 26.138 Station D do 45.5 26. 302 Station 9 do 54,5 26. 088 Station B de Mid 26. 767 | Camp 141 do 5 27.771 | Mi ege .129 | کف‎ Ang March 8 Kä Seege 347 22.016 Station D do 558 | Station A do 69 |......|28. 093 | Camp 142 dei y 826 | | | E EA. 4 nee da de وہ‎ (894 ai edo -------- March 9 tol 29. 018 28.98 ; do E ۔‎ 1 Camp sa do 85. 5 28. 774 | Dr E E . 752 6E «HI Md Cie . 182 61 March 0 44 یا0‎ 101 12% 101 Station O do 58.7 28.579 tation 6 do 84.7 28. 380 Station Divan ¿csi 78.5 28. 389 Camp 14 do 69.5 28.328 | | D a March 11 IM. me . 252 28. 311) Camp 145 do M e 27.939 | | gar ^ m ۲۰۰۷ >2 .923 | ._.ك.-‎ March 2 2 . 976 | و‎ . bi .978 89:1 EE . 988 £ DR 045 BAN. IIIS O76 Dee Jl... ane . 125 EE March 13 #7 7727 .056 064 ` Station 1 do 2.3 27.964 Station 4 do 74.3 27.739 Camp 146 do 60 سیت‎ DOs سے ہے‎ "March 4 29.8 27.759 Station 5 do 9.3 27. 657 Station 8 do 66.5 27.481 aT Loss . 52€ Camp 147 do 5 27.389 46.6. os . 394 PG. we March 15 EE. 2 ٤٤ .444 |27. 459 Station 4 do 9.5 21. 2 : Station 5 do 5 27. 242 2. 2 . 219 Camp 148 do 38.8 7. E March 16 37.5 26. 485 Station 4 EN 55.5 25. 311 Station 6 do BE do rw . 910 Camp 149 do 53. 5 27. 377 ERI. O. -370 ee March 17 23 0.....- . 956 5 دم يف ا‎ 315 کب‎ 315 246 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. ° ple. T E g 1638 ےا‎ | Wind. ° ۱ g 3 |€ 2/33 Station. Date. Hour. 2 2. 8 ESE BS Clouds. 8 | 9 | اق‎ 8. 55: ox = š m H Gofas 3 ببه‎ fa a 2 Basilio) 5 。 ° 2 ا‎ S s یه چا‎ BRB| $ Š ^ E? 3 o ° = S E = D SSR) 5a EI 3 z Ë < < 1" O a E 1854. Camp 149 ...... March 17 | 3 p. m....| 784 ۱27.340 | 43.5 21. 320 Sunset....| 784 | .386 | 42.5|.....- . 364 8 | March 18 | Sunrise....| 784 | .354 | 42 7 .287 7 Station 1.... do Lam.) HOC BIBE deu 27.741 Station 2 do Heen 784 |27. 882 5.5 27.784 Station F do 3 p.m....| 784 |28. 472 1.5 28. 440 Camp 150. do libe. wh. T 126. 67007 ¿Heb iu 28. 635 MO oae ibn March 19 | Sunrise....| 784 ; ADE کا و وے‎ .688 2... sep. 004 838 GO ELS . 666 SE, E 884.1..830 Gla .681 BoM ell 386 1.7984 52:2... . 759 Sunset....| 784 | .804 | 50.5|...... .760 Ego ML 515. 4T. ua پ‎ .151 n March 20 | Sunrise....| 784 | .788 | 37.5|......| .732 28.747 Station D do a. mMm- air TSA 129 070 54.5 28. 885 Station 9 da... Moa. TE 784 (29.274 | 67.6|._.... 29. 117 Station P do....| 3 p. m....| 784 [29.472 | 65.5 29. 391 Station H do....| Sunset "49. 183 521 . 29. 689 Camp ای‎ resi اند‎ 284 29.026 1 Ac ہر یں‎ 29. 75 Do accuses, March 21 | Sunrise....| 784 " g6 . . 72 . 708 7 Station D ہے‎ M Ga 284 129.1898 62.3 29. 634 Camp 152 do TE e 784 29.710 | 68.2 29.549 |-.. = Kees iod. BIQE Ek n. .560 人 . 583 is HR DL SE uL L . 599 Sunset..... 784 670 DO مف ها‎ - 611 Sunset..... 790 | .638 : NAR . 630 B3. de] 9484 4923 eet ہے‎ . 634 Lo ml ak ei 50 Las. . 653 DG... March 23 |. Sunrise, 1.384 |. ..6061 4254.24. 5 . 536 Sunrise - 100.1... 6844 45. بد سی ا‎ . 657 9 a.m....| 784 are, uuu. Le LA AE TA E E دی‎ . 662 1m. 784 El 634 ux OE esas iim... 780 | IF 07 Lia . 60 nm. ات‎ 784] .9702| 055 624 $3.p.m..«:]. 790] ی 091 اف‎ . 650 Sunset.. -- 184 |...7200.] 788 . 641 au. 790. 1. 99 ed .: 7 653 | A d. 4 $ SB. uw . 664 | EWM A, OO | TOE) BRO . 686 ۱29. 665| Cp. 153, San Pedro March 24 | 8 a. m....| 784 30.030 | 68 |--:--- 29. 855 |29. 925# 9 Abnormal variation for same date at San Francisco applied to this observation. KE‏ ہے یہ BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 247 OBSERVA TIONS— Continued. Norr.—The following pages of this Appendix comprise a portion of the meteorological observations that were taken by detached reconnoitring parties at different periods during the survey. A few of the more important observations made upon the main line, selected from a large number that were omitted at the first hasty preparation of the work, have been &dded to those referred to abov 1 ' ` | 0 | E sed B. 8 S E ا و وا‎ es | Wind. | 1 D Fi و‎ ij Station. Date. Hour. Z wa 8 |Ë S$ BP) Clouds. E1 E 9 eat a š Š 3 = - دم‎ S $ = ° z Ë (4 y کر‎ ee 9 ; * 2 L3 > ¡293188 3 Š s E 12 t ہپ ہے جا‎ ER A 5 ez [em < < ==] O a E 1853. 0-0 Sept. 29 | 108. m ...| 785 24.531 | 70.5| 20 6۱24 452 Do--- 十 12 do Jeni ا‎ 785 | .233 | 72.9۱ 22.801 .176 | do----| 5.30 p. m..| 785 |24.432 | 71.8| 21.9c/24. 449 | | Peg cb --..d0....| 6 p.m....| 785 |23.984 | 67.5| 18 6۱924 007 | | Hio ke Sept. 30 | Ga. m....| 78 038 | 52.6| 10.861 ۰ | | | Station 5........ Oct. .1|l1la.m...| 785 23.724 | 55 | 14.2c 23.563 | | | Station 6 do 12.30 p.m-| 785 23.973 | 60.4| 16, 8¢/23. 882 | | | | do lp. m....| 785 |24.036 | 66.5| 19. 4e 23.912 | | ۱ | Valley SE Ga- |----do----| 2.30 p. m..| 785 (24.177 | 65.4| 20 c/24.099 | | | | Galisteo. do | Sunset.....| 785 24.420 | 54.8| 11. Te 24. 364 | | | | Oct. . 2| Sunrise. ..| 785 | .454 | 34 | 0.86۱ .337 | | | | Ro — 10.302. ml 785 | .426| 73 | 18.6c| .256 | | Las Cerritas - do 6.30p.m--| 785 24.472 | 52.5| 10.7c 24.439 | | Do -:---=---| Oct. 3 | Sunrise. ..| 785 | .450| 34 |—0.5c| .396 | | Peña Blanca do 2 p.m....| 785 128. 112 | 76.5| 25 ¢/24. 954 | 0 Cirro-cumulus. — “se Rio Ga- |----do----| 3.30 p. m..| 785 25.136 | 75.2| 22.5c 24.995 | 0 Cirro-cumulus. | | Baie ates do Tp. m....| 785 |25. 141 | 60.2} 15.5c 25. 014 |... E..... 1 | Cirro-cumulus. Do --------- Oct. 4 | Sunrise -| 785 | .149 | 40.5| 4.5e| .072 | 0: [Nai ۵ء‎ San F lla. m...| 785 [25.208 | 75.8| 30. 6¢|25. vi | 0 EOE La Top rm near tcm lla.m...| 785 25.087 | 78.4| 30. rok | | 0 | Cirrus E lipe | | | Zand | do Sunset ----| 785 25.234 | 66 | 18.9c 25.165 ------ E HORER Oct. 5 Sunrise... 785 | .261 | و انوم‎ «€ Tage او‎ NE 1. | Metal aeneum Se 61, Isleta..| Oct. 29 | 12m...... 783 25.599 | 61 |_..--- 25.479 |... دب‎ | XE...| 1 | Cirrus, 1 ..... Do do "bai ipa Sen |...522.1. 86:81. Gg . 410 | | | | 1, near Camp Nov. 11 | 10.15a. ml 784 (25.150 | 59 24.998 | | | | KÉ d of Rio Grande š Station 2 do 10.30a.m.| 784 25.105 | 67 24.932 | š Station do 784 124.096 |. 687 1 2-5 24. 456 Station 4 do 784 (24.446 | 68 24. 302 Station 5 do 184 |24. 345 69 24. 241 Station 7 do 2.15 p. m..| 784 24.291 | 67.5 24.211 Station 8 do 784 |24.230 | 66.5|.....- 24. 166 Camp 61/' Rio |....do....| Sunset....| 784 |24.790 | 64 |... 24.723 Puerc 3 bb — سوب‎ Nov. 12 784 (25.062 | 67 |...... . 902 Station 1 do 784 124.980 ۱ 64 73 24. 827 Station 2 do 784 ۱24.936 | 65 مس را‎ 24. 780 Station 4 do 784 (25.030 | 71 L..... 24, 881 Station 6 do 284 194,848 | 6. Lic, 24. 704 Camp621 ,ElAlamo|....do 784 |24.800 | 69 |...... 24. 126 DU جس میں‎ Nor. 15 IER EIT وو‎ h I. 000 E Station 1 do "Ti 99 ۱ L... 23. 886 ; Station M Laguna do 184 24.460 | 71 Lis... 24. 390 Cam mpar او توت‎ Nov. 14 784 |24.436 | 58 L..... 24. 384 | Dus ` Sege Dec. 13 D — ...| 785 |25.062 | 30 | 30.824.950 ...... |N ee 6 | Cumulus, 3... Sta. 1, 7 miles W.|....do....| 11.45a 783 [25.000 | 60 |...... 24. 858 | . September 30. ag oe Mon rain at night. October 1.—11 a. m., the long storm o and the ك۳‎ ENEE evening mild and the sky cloudless. October 2.—The ود‎ we ah and Led beautifully d clear and calm October 3.— Sunrise, weather clear "^ October 29. —Sunset, calm and clea 248 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERVATIONS—Continued. o a a = = : S 28974 8 E & |= B و ا‎ Ei Wind. Rural Sas [9:3 $5 Station. Date. Hour. 8 £ | au - HSE) AS Clouds. = $ |? B | 5 8 ۸ | و یه‎ g is 3 ° 3 WG | کے کے‎ E 3 = rg EE 337 |3 3 + E Š E | » | اه‎ ER| B 8 z 一 < < E o 一 = 1853. Btation IIL Dec. 13 | 3.25 p. mif 783 [24.808 | 53 |...... 24. 787 Biv ( عو‎ Dec. 14 | Sunrise....| 783 6 30. 3 24. 556 Bivouac 2, mouth | Dec. 15 | Sunrise....| 783 |25.085 | 22 |------ 25. 038 Cirrus, 3 of Caiion Diablo. Statio: do 12. 30 p.m.) 783 (24.754 34.5 24. 0 1.30 p.m.| 783 9 (> AAA . 788 Nim. & cum., 9 Biyouac 3 do Sunset....| 783 [24.386 | 34.4 24. 387 Delius. Dec. 16 | Sunrise....| 783 | .480 | 13.7 81... 1-289 4, 497 26 9 . 441 Station 3, top of do 783: 123,858: | 45 ||... 23. 754 volcanic c peak. Station 4—valley.|....do....| 10.30 a. m.| 783 (24.320 | 37.5 24. 230 CRT DEEL Bivouss سے کے ل4‎ A do....| 1.50 p. m-| 783 (23.586 | 40 SE ID asses N. امے‎ A Cir.-cum.，2.-- bic. T89.| 4 5 Creos ی‎ deer NC Dec. -17 | Sunrise....| 783.) ۰۰ 691 139. Gi . 588 Station 1 | do | 10.10 a. m-| 783 23. 389 44. rosita 23. 287 Station B | do | lla. m...| 783 |23.222 44.2. ss. 23. 108 Station 0 |--..do 783 [23.330 | 48.3|...... 23. 146 Statio Ma 783 22.486 | 55.2...... 22. 452 Biv. 5, i SSp. do 783 |22.920 54. 7 22. 881 Sunset....| 783 900 35. B ses .894 REC en Loue Dec. 18 | Su Sa 1884. 883 991.9... .. e 795 Cirro-strat., 2. Station 4 d 8 p.m... 788 [23.180 | 47.5 23. 159 Bivouac 6 d Sunset....| 783 [23.107 | 39.7 28. 100 lon sox: i و وت‎ 8 ١8س‎ Dec. 19 | Sunrise....| 783 . 092 £0: دس6 ال‎ «OD 90 BE... 1 Stratus, 9....- Bivouac 7, Cosnino do Sunset....| 783 23.926 32.5 23. 942 Cima T 1919:7277 caves. Medie ee | Dec. 20 | Sunrise...-| - 783 . 915 31.85 4s 896] EE W.S.W.| 2 Cirro-strat., 2. Camp 87 do Sunset....| 783 |25.33 45. 5 25. 396 0 -cum Camp 91, Leroux's| Dec. 28 | 9 ۵ m....| 783 (23.062 | 46.8 22. 964 و‎ Ju... Top of Hill D do .11.50a. mi 783 ۱22. 141 | 48.7 22. 051 | 1.30p.m..| 783 | .113| 44.7|...... ۱ à Base of Hill D do 2. 30 p. m. 783 |22.846 | 56.7|.....- 22.814 Leroux's Spring- -| --- -do----| 3 p. m....| 783 |22. 964 22. 952 a ا‎ | Dec. 30 | 9.35 78 98 32.5|------ 903 |.....2| W... EX Bivouac 11 | do Sunset....| 783 [22.977 | 32.6, 22. 986 0 éier wl Re Dec. 31 | Sunrise ...| 783 . 938 237200 ء افو‎ 917 9.30 a. m.| 783 ۱2۵۰ 6 51.05...-- «983. Loose MD 2 Cirrus, 1.5. Station 2 | do | ۲ , 8۶ 28 118 |. 49:8 uc 22.977 | ? The a at the FU indicated colder weather in the valley than was found 2,000 feet higher among the — at this time 89.5 Fahrenheit. The reverse occurs during the middle of the ° day, it being the warmer in the valley, em that the lg: oa has a less daily range in the mountains than in t wlands. The high grav- elly mesas and یو‎ probably absorb more heat by day and radiate more at night than do ds سرا‎ bottom ۰ December 14. —At 7.30 ۰ qa a KE coronz of variegated colors encircled the moon; slight snow at 8 p. m.; cumulus clouds at 8.30; appearance o re snow. December .一 The voce d pes and calm, the San Francisco mountains being free gnus clouds and clad in snow ; soon his o bank which rested upon the loftiest of the mountains i in front ; at 8 p. m. bright corone around moon; the atmosphere beautifully e and brilliant. December 1 و یے۔‎ € At 9 p. m., light green halo aroun e — breeze came from the east, tn nel cose ہے‎ and transparent ; day fine; the effect a slight depression of the e snow, which lies upon the ae akin wt میتی‎ =s سس‎ Clear d. ing the day. December 18.— The EN before sunrise was variegated with cirro-stratus clouds, producing an یداہ‎ ted halo, 229 diam. سس‎ V سید‎ ie inch thick covered the rivulet in the v valley. The spring itself was frozen; at 12 m., clouds, cirrus 7 ; wind rage ` ; at 1 p. m., wind west, 5; Fins ieiunii ene s n east. an denen ie dao dimmed with cirrus clouds; the night clear. Sunset, clouds’ moving southeast; night clear. . 19.—The evening calm an —Sunrise uds 20. 5 oving east. ` December 28.— The day clear and pleasant; the night somewhat cloudy, threatening rain. BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 249 OBSERV ATIONS— Continued. ° aac 8 2۵ | گر‎ . | 5 š x DEFI: Wind. $ B |$ ےو ا ؿا‎ . "a Station. Date. | How. | 8 | Š | وه‎ | B جا‎ ۵ ۶ | 8 Clouds. E = Sita SSS و و‎ y Š ae E | دق او هه‎ | S $ 5 19 4 Bonga] $ $ K .- "ag E ° o Š Big |a 888ا‎ en š 5 z Ë إ‎ < E 5 一 二 | 1853. Bivouac 21, New| Dec. 31 | 3 p. m...., 783 23.479 | 52.3 ES 441 4. 0-05 Wii -- 1 Cirrus, 2 4.5 Year's Spring. 7.80 p. me} 783 | .455 | 32. دج‎ . 442 1854... | 9 p.m....| 783 | .467 | $9. U... 441 0 مس تل‎ mrise ...| 788 | .497 | 34.5|...... . 462 0 | Cirrus, 2 ..... a.m. 7 528. |: 38. ët . 434 Bivouac 3! do Sunset....| 783 ¡23.702 = -128. 693 Kater Jan 2 ise -、- 7128 ۰2۵ OR. 674 vw 0 | Stratus, 4 .... : 9.40 8. m.| 783 | .897 | 42.6|.....- . 188 Station 1 do 783 23.690 | 53.6 23. 551 Station 7 do 1.07 p. ml 783 23.874 | 58.7......- 23. 197 Station B—valley do 1. 30 P m.| 783 23.934 | 58.7 23. 869 i do p.m 783 24.104 | 59.3 24. 055 | Sunset....| 了 à 44 in ads . 026 | eegen Jan. 3 Sunrise ...| 783 | .004 | 38.3]. 23. 930 | 928.m...«- 1783 |. . 040 Se 4922.4. 04 | 3 do 3 p. m----| 783 ¡(25.008 | - 931 |..... Bivouac 51 do — E — 7 . 984 | SINI DSA Sunset ....| 783 | U06 7 - .964 < nae E. SE, 5 | Do......---| Jan. 4 | Sunrise ...| 788 24.898 | 23.5]... fec. AE. 3 ہہ 8 ها‎ 7 Co T T8 a Sl, CI we o اس‎ e 00 << ee icem 1 Stratus, 5 dO و‎ BO SS ldo 11.30 a.m.) 783 24. 350 تست‎ Kë Stratus, 6 ---- Bivouac 61 یت نم‎ on 4.10 p. m..| 783 24.454 4. 423 xara "tem SO Ll da. © CODE «e: 788. | 438 10:87. Olives} 358 |... B-E. |. £ | Stratus, ë | * 8.50a.m..| 783 | .415 | 89.5|...... Sl dco E.... 4 | Nimbus, Station 1.... do 783 24.167 | 38.! 24. 090 Bivouac 71 do 4 p. m....| 783 23.584 š کہ‎ aos ERE ...3 imbus, 9.... سی ہے‎ i Jan. Sunrise. ..| 783 | .584 | 29 ]|...... 9585-1: mastt ا‎ MU bus, 10... Camp 94, New |....do....| 3p. m....| 783 23.496 | 38 |.....- 88:498 |... N.E...| 2 | Nimbus, 10 Year's Spring Ong Ut eegent $ Jan. 11 | 11.15 a.m_-| 783 25.020 | 47.3 24. 895 0 | Cirro-cum., 7 Bivouac 1? do 3.25 p.m..| 788.25. 082 ۱۰۱68۰ 5|. ۔سوے‎ 25. 044 | 0 Cirro-cum., 7 _ > Sunset....| 783 | .061 | 41.7|.....- . 044 | 0 | Cirro-cum., 4 - AR Jan. 12 Sunrise - --| 783 24.908 | 4 5| 24.886 | | 0 | Cirrus, E 98.m....| 788.1..970 | 38 Ale موھج‎ L ahua 0 | Nimbus, 6---- Bivouac 2? do 8 p. اب یا‎ 783 a5. 034. |::66, Bes اہے۔‎ «906.1. castle m ae Sunset ....| 783 | .172 "` are © N.N.W.| 5 Io. o ۶ص9‎ Jan. 13 ia. 24.957 | 27. vcl) 906 Cirro-stratus, 5 Es 10.10a m 783 25.071 | 52.5|......| .936 |......| 8.....- lI Tnm. E... Station 6 : Dre A 3D He. 1108 125. 181 B 25. 117 Bivouac 2 do 3.55 p.m..| 783 25.072 | 57.8| 25. 024 : 0 | Nimbus, 9.... db. Sais Jan. 14/8 -..| 783 |24. 966 5| 906 |.....-| N.E---| 3. | Nimbus, 8.... Bivouac 42 do 12.40 p. m.| 783 24.514 | 8۱ 24. 438 |.....-| avis 4 | Nimbus, 10... Sunset....| 783 A98 488 رر انس میا‎ MID ooo B... 2 | Nimbus, 10... Dë eg cade Jan. - 15 | Sunrise. is 3 24.81... ae, 1 9 e DN ہہ‎ 2 Cirro-cum., 3 - 8.385a.m..| 788 | .444 | 29.3...... et ebur N.E...| 1 | Cirro-cum., 1. Camp 99 do 8 p.m....| 783 25.016 | 55.5| M E s &E.... 2 | Cirro-cum., 5. January 1.—The day warm ; €—— te January 2. FS هی‎ A سر یں‎ clear. y 3.—The day pleasant ; he evite sili dnd dë del Ae eclesia | i January 4.—Cold wind at sunrise; light stratus clouds near horizon ; the day pleasant and the wind mild; stratus January 5.—Sunrise, the day commenced with gusts of wind from the southeast and with stratus clouds, which soon spread unto nimbus; and after midday, storms of snow covered the higher mountain tops. The clouds broke away "Ww € t suffi us scape. Meo ache toa sunrise and during the morning, there a driving sleet. The clouds disappeared at rennet, b but the blasts continued to blow from the northeast. The Pont of San Franeisco Xen visible, are again white with snow. mary سد‎ 一 At 9 EEN ., clouds, pos erer moon 22° diam.; no win: , 4.—As the vint سو تسیز‎ horizon, nimbus clouds rose from the S.W., and passing rapidly towards the N.E., son covered the kr At the same timo a sti breeze blew from the N.E., showing an upper and lower current in op- posite directions. t which at موی‎ MUN egen, towards the east. The da January 16-— ge siy clear ; a cold breeze blowing ; ; clouds passing 32m 250 BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. OBSERV ATIONS—Continued. A‏ موش مرس وس | à Setz | | 1 8 o g E | $ š E Tr |a. Wind. | | E E: 8 | | Station. Date. Hour. S £ (Ss Ë E و‎ ۶ R$g Clouds. | ° ° $ 5 ا ها‎ S E = | 8 eae 2 ہج د5ا‎ 34 e 9 | š 8 | š - [$88| ER | É E | z E |< < | [9 < Lë fa 1854. Canip 99 «¿00 | dan. - 16 k 9 a.m وب | .009 .35 بے یھو ۳ .36 42 125.120 193 :54 مد‎ eet 8. - یا‎ Cirro-cum., 2 _ Bivouac 13 do Sunsef....]. 488 D4. 094 | 86.90. u c. B. 181.1... Ew. Nimbus "oce 81 Jan. 17 | Sunrise. 246 783.1. .842 £c 26.592... a . 794 | 1.55 a.m-.|. 783 . 834 EE MLE . 154 Bivouac 23 do 3.30 p. m..| 783 |24. 598 40 24. 594 جع فا‎ UM Jen. 18 Sunrise. ui T83 | . 531 1-24. Bis... 7 Bivouac 33 0 8 «Lal 489 124.0880 | 8 24. 037 0 Cumulus, 9... sess eL s. Jan. 19 | Sunrise ...| 783 8 83 21$... 429. 704 ۱ Hau m 1288 | - 776 1.93.51 4. 694.1... cu - h AND SERERE: Cumulus, 9... N.W. of summit |....do....| 12.30 p. m.| . 783 |23. 932 49 23. 816 Summit Aztec P. do....|4 p. m....|- 783 |23. 590 | - 29.5 23. 604 Bivouac 43 ___ do....| Sunset... 183 124.126 L 30.6 dat. 134 |...... W.S.W.| 3 Cumulus, 3... ie... Jan. 20. “Sunrise - نت‎ 183 |. eegen میا‎ N.W..| 8 ! m-ai t83] -4i te pm سج‎ 3 Bivouac 53, Camp ef dE 40p.m.| 783 24.926 | 21 34 995 ہی ہہ بت مت‎ 1 MIR uA. sus j ee TUM: : Sunset + ادن‎ + 783 . 917 E "PC .962 aio او‎ Jan. 21 | Sunrise ۱: 7 . 86 . 7757۳ 872 0 Eli 188. 25. 032 ko Bhs 975 | E سو وس‎ Jan. 22 | 1 m. .128 1,37 25. 021 Station A i «flO 10.20 a. m.| 783 25. 100 42.9 24. 981 Station 3 do 10.50 a. ml 783 |25. 037 43.8 4. 913 Station B... do مر ہہ‎ 488. 125. 018 1 180 Station do 11.50 a. ml 783 |24. 946 | 47.7 24. 841 0 Cirus, EECH Station do LIO p. mt: 783 |24. 750 d 4. 692 Station D do 1.25p.m..| 783 24.742 9.5 693 Station E do 1.48 p. m-.| 783 Ha 617 d 4. 530 Stati y o In. Pu 0 24. 645 2 4. 613 4 Station 4 0 3 p.m---.| 783 ۱24 556 5 46 0 Cirro-cum., 9 - Station 15 o 4 p. m... 83 |24. 424 2.2 ation H .. 4.20 p. m.| 783 |24. 546 43 24x سر‎ .|24, 530 Stat |----do....| 4.30 p. m.| 783 24.502 5 96 | Station 17 | o Sunset ....| 783 24.5 5.5532 503 |... Camp 104 | ° p. m....| .783 (24.561 5 ` 0 | Cirro-cum., 6. re d | Jan. 23 | 9.45 a. ml 788 | .477 dos SO ۱ station A | do &.m.,.| 783 |24.441 | | 48.5 24. 317 tion B |-2--do 10.20a. m.| 783 24.511 | 50.8 24. 370 Station 2 _ do 10.40 a. 783 |24. 458 50.9 24. 7 Makon, do 11.15 a. m.¡ 783 ۱24. 206 | 51.5 24.084 ; Summi کہ‎ ]- 92 0... O x 83 ۱24 176 B5. ۷۳ 24. 063 Station. 6, 6, side of S= E کے جو اک‎ cis. [23.957 | 55 28 880 Lulu ous ees | Cumulus, 8... | ; do....| 12.15 p. m| cis. 4, Mo 55 ---.|24. 4 - Ferrum e do 12.40 p. m.| 784 24.2 56.8 24. 145 bas | 12.40 p. ml cis. " t 56.5 Station 9. do .10 p.m.| cis. [24,224 | 56 .|...... 24. 153 Camp 105 do 2.30 p. m.| cis. 24.428 | 53.5 24. 386 | DOs Jan. 24,9 a.m....| 784| .429 | 50.8| 50 300 illl. E 0.1 | Cirro-cum., 8 . Station A do 10 a. m...| 784 ۱24. 9 61.5 26:298. 11.5. Se ius c8 Cirro-cum., 7 . Station B..- do 411.108. mir cis. ¡24.564 | 52 2٤8 24. 461 Station D do. aS Mies cs: cis. . 668 ا ور‎ $8.7 124.601 |.....- S.E...|] 0.2 | Cirro-cum., 6 . January 16.—' Three or four inches of snow fell last night; morning clear and calm. m., wind rose "erg sonth, followed by a storm of sleet. At noon sleet ceased falling; wind blew from the southwest till sunset ` afterwards coming in gusts. January 22. 一 At — cirrus clouds covered the sky, but soon disappeared ; the سی‎ was clear and without wind. January 23.—10.40 a. m., cirrus elouds again appeared, with a light breeze from the The day was warm, with an easterly breeze. Light cirrus clouds frequently formed, changed into cumulus, ond disappeared. In the evening, there was the same variable sky. A few stars stars occasionally appeared for a moment, and we re soon again veiled in mist. At 9 p. few drops of rain 24. 一 Cirr ulus louds were wi tet سس‎ ger clo vere Hoang in tho sky during the day The breeze, a& night, gathered strength BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS. 251 OBSERVATIONS-— Continued. r ] Leg res 1 | eee ee © | | E | S | 2 53819] a | $ | 2 2 اه هر‎ 56% Station, Date. | Hour. E L9 TR B S ¿158 Clouds. 31818518 |58 ۵و اي‎ | e v 2 ۴ E a | 2.8 ° e 2 4 > 2 (13 = | وه‎ Ë S 3 8 Š | 有 上 S MATA < LM "4d a = | 1854. | | Station 4........ Jan. 24, 12.2b5p.m. cis 707 | 53. Bio! 24. 652 Camp 106 0 1.30 -p.m.| cis. |24.760 | 50.T7|...... 24. 735 | | — Jan. 25 | 10:16 a. ml 783 | ¿T 4 | . 586 | Bivouac 1+ do 4.30 p. m-, 783 |25.036 | 44.7] 24. 967 Ee Jan. 26 | Sunrise....| 783 | .162| 25 |....-. 25. 116 0 | Cumulus, 9... 9,10-8.m.| -183 1-949 34 وت‎ |- 166 0 Station 9, in cañon do 1. 50 p. Ti 783 25. 644 43 5 ] 617 Bags 10, top of |.-..do....| 2p. m....| 783 ۱96,869 | 56.5...... E 302 Mors 2 do 3.50 p. ml 783 (25.388 | 45.3...... 95. 377 | TOBY OE اور ا تو‎ aot. کا ل2‎ SE 8 Deus EE Jan. -27 | Sunrise -ii| 783 409.1: 28.51 8 | 446 1.25.26 N.E. 0.8 : ` a lL RS 1:97 پیت ا0ل‎ LH 465 asa Nu Station 2 do 783 |24. 199 | 53, باق‎ 24. 689 Bivouac 3* do | Sunset ....| 783 |25.902 | Bag 25. 856 0 Dm... Pes ا‎ Jan. 28 | Sunrise. ..| 783 TAT 1.34: ےو‎ et 0 ege $... a.m 788.| T |-48.8|..-...| BBY | | bo d Omm 0s... Station 5 do Bim ges 8.02€ | 15.35. 906 535 Leer | : Bivouac 4* ......|.--.do-..-| Sumset-...| TOS OSE | BL. 037 |...... | Wiis: | 0.5 | Cumulus, 5... Do. nadan. 39 mera 2s 4894 002 9 0 Cirrus-strat., 8 ; 9.15 a. Te e ROME | .984 | | | Bivouac5*, Cactus|----do----| 1.15 p. m.| 783 25.094 | 78.5...... 24. 982 | | | | obi 288 aE OS 4 AT. PEOR DUE مل‎ N.N.E.| 0.5 | Cirrus, 2... EC Jan. 30 | Sunri ۶55 | eg ] کو‎ 2 Vid N.N.E.| 0.5 | Cirrus, 2..... 7831 s082 3 48821 | 964 | تن‎ WNW T | Cimi, L20222 Tis 1.080.168. دسا‎ TO EE sue BF fF Cira donne 988 | .033 | 49 |. وو و‎ | gg ems E od 0.5 | Cirrus, 4 ..... Berti DA Jan. SI | Sunrise. ..| 783 |24.950 | 45.3...... | .860 | 783 | .983 | 55.8......- Ty SHINE | EN.E.| 2 | BEI Feb. 1 | Sunrie... 783 | .788 | 45.8...... P 697 | | TUE EM CIL n AME [4e nonae 0 | Big Horn یت‎ Feb. $8} 11:9 ع‎ mi 783 27.006 | 71,8... 26.859 | | | Bivouac do.... 9.15 p. m.| 783 |27.630 | 73.1|...... 27.536 | | | | | Sunset ....| 783 | .622 Bicis یھ‎ | | o | Cirro-cum., 8. — | Feb. 4 | Sunwise et 189. lo 525. 12:49. Basseng ETE em Mid 0.8.) Cook: 8. a. m....| 783 | .622 |: 56 5 HU. 132281. Waa 1 10s t... January 25.—A cloudy sky and a raw south wind produced a chilly day. From sunset to 9 p. m., there was a slight — e E n4 a T fall of snow. rning was cloudless. A light air came from the east, attended, as usual, by a dry atmo- SE po del e Se ay. There was a Se rm last might, w Ges اس‎ over the gronn und a thin coat of snow. “The wind had shifted from outs toS.W. The day cloudless rom the north ; the evening also clear, and a light breeze besse EE the N.E. Thea atmosphere beautifolty 6 eldest and the stars ‘pri righter than usual. Jan 一 At sunrise, cirro- clouds stretched from the east to the west. Gier sky soon became clear, and the wee at mid-day, rose to C ge. e owards evening there was a breeze from east. January 30.—9 a. m., smoky atmosphere. APPENDIX K. TABLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS AND HORARY CORRECTIONS to be applied to the Barometric Observations; with Climatological Remarks, and Chart. PREPARED BY Mr. LORIN BLODGET. [Norr.— This appendix exhibits the plan pursued in the first reduction of the barometric observations, when it was necessary to present, without delay, a profile to accompany the preliminary report. Since then, this subject has under- gone revision ; and the system followed by Mr. Blodget has been replaced by another, which will be found described in the topographical report. The elements for horary variation remain unchanged.] Determination of elements for the reduction of barometric observations for heights.— Remarks upon the value of the observations.—Curves of daily oscillation of barometric column in New Mexico.— Report and chart of climatological investigations. The direction given to the barometric reductions of the survey, (made by Lieutenant Whipple, topographical engineers, for a railroad route near the 35th parallel,) differs somewhat from that usual to these observations, and the following notes and explanations of the processes may be necessary. The large number of barometric observations made, and the general accuracy and uniform comparison retained throughout the survey, by the instruments employed, render the observations of this extended line unusually important and valuable. Determinations made by them are almost the best possible by this mode of survey, and for this reason | great care was required, and was given, to their reduction.* The first series of observations made with the barometers at Cincinnati, Little Rock, and Fort Smith, were employed to determine positive comparisons of the instruments among themselves, those given by the maker not being found correct after transportation. The best results that could then be determined for zero error were obtained from these, and from comparisons with other barometers. The relative position of the instruments, as thus determined, was found to be the same at Albuquerque and atthe termination of the survey ; and the slight zero error possibly remaining, in the absence of opportunity to compare anew with an absolute standard, would be unimportant. The observations at Cincinnati, Napoleon, Little Rock, and Fort Smith, are given in full, to show the comparison of the instruments. The column headed di Yferente, gives the measure of variations of each instrument from the cistern barometer, No. 790. By full comparison, this last was considered too low by .019 of an inch, and the differences here given should be diminished by this quantity, to be regarded as comparisons with the standard ultimately assumed. The original comparisons of the maker, and the corrections as finally determined and applied, follow : 9 The barometric observations of the Pacific railroad route near the 35th parallel, under the direction of Lieutenant Whipple, were reduced in a manner somewhat different from the usual course, and the following notes and explanations of the processes may be nec^ssary. The number of these observations was unusually great at each of the camps and im- portant points, and the instruments proved to be of the best character, and to have retained a uniform comparison among themselves throughout. Determinations from so large a number of good observations are almost the best possible in barometric survey, and for this reason great care was given to their reduction. GRANMA eeng COMPARISON OF BAROMETERS. 253 APPENDIX K—Continued. ap.‏ یرسودسرب .امرس ردب سس کے ` BAROMETER No. 781. ., . BAROMETER No. 783. T K = | ë کے‎ Fü BE" EBENE D = o SES, = 5 ; Date. Time > > * E Date. Time. و یھ‎ 2 š E. 5 MEN - PME. E i 8 | ھا وھ ار‎ ë | ۶ | لغ‎ & : HE کی کے ا‎ Sin . |. 5 * ہی‎ Y $ Burnet House, Cincin- Burnet House, Cincin- June 13 103 a. m.,30. 938) 1. 06429. 874}. 057| June1: 10} a. m. 31. p 1. 29129. 864 十 .047 。 1 121 p. m.| .931| .071| .860 z 124 p. m.| .154 .300| .854 十 .058 3 5} p. m..| .885| .118| .767| 十 , 049 5) p.m--| .107| :342| .765|4. 047 š 9 p.m...| .894| .125| .769 ۰ 9 p.m---| .114 .336| 98 10 a.m..| .888| .100| .788|+.030 10 a. m..| .106| .323| .783 BW. .889| .116| .773| 十 . 042 kee UU .333| ۰718-47 Arkansas Hotel, Na- Arkansas Hotel, Napo- 3 leon, Ark. ie: bici 11 a. m..31. cb 1. 092/30. 283|-I-. 033 JUN reg 8 p. m...,31. 092, 0. 913,30. 179 Anthony House, Little ` EOM RIS Se 10 a.m..| .150| .850| .300 Rock. June 27. 83 a. m__ 31. Bt ; e | iy House, Lite | — Ee rd - 6 p. m- He e T i Egga : : PRA ANUAL ام‎ ł a. m..3 0. 424/29. 966 +. 0 2 10} a. m. 9 تر‎ E p. m-|31. 007| 1.041] .966/4-. e 2 6} p. m.. CE p. m....30.980| .074| .906| 十 :059 28 Midnight. pro 93 p.m..| .955| .076| .879 4.049 7.20 a. m 28 7 a. m...| .983| .052| .931 ; 113 a. m. | 2 10$ a. ml .997| .044| . 9531-4۸ P ۱ 6} p.m..| .965| .090| .875|+.048| Rogers’ Hold, Fort E 2 Midnight. .938| .079| .859.4-.034 Smith. dee T) a. m..| .966| .067| .899.1.045| July 4.........- 13 p. m..31. 113 1 Ñ 1 ٔ+ +١ 113 a. m.| .987| .068| .919| 十 .037 OLAS 43 p.m-- i iia See t 8.35 a. m š | اس‎ tir hi 94 a. m Rogers’ Hotel, Fort PET 31 p. m.. Smith. ایس رت‎ 61 p.m-- می ری سر‎ 2. 0 U M——— 1} p. هه‎ POET Lage 75 gie f 12m... W 人 m. 167| .748| 十 .0 ا‎ ees S Mo S ; hw m.| $6 148). 823 +. 054 O 5$ p. m`- p 12.19p. m| .958| 1 808 +. 048 وت‎ | 4 10} p. m.| .940| .157| .783 十 . 050, eet Í W. se 8} a. m..| .976| 3 .843--.056 24 pm. | x Eos deut o 2 p.m...| .955| .160| .790+. 056) 1 CS SR b ` E ie 9 p. m...| .951 832 +. 040, 3 9 a.m... | 91 a Ors 9) a. m..| .986| . 119| .8674-.055 12 123 p. ml .081 : OES 124 p. m.| .982| .145| .837| 十 .051 CHEERS 31 p. 969| .150| . 8194+. 064 RITE 6.10 p. m.| .970| .157| .813 | : 3i en 969| “186| .783.L.047 BAROMETER No. 784. 6} p. m..| .938| .160| .778 a WE ERC 9 a.m...| .964 .134| ۰83013 E ‘ 12m 31.51 . 600 7 047 Burnet House, Cin- qd 3 p. m.../30.931| .170| .761-+.058 cinnati. x 5) p.m..| .916| ۰171 .745| 十 ,046| 1 9j a.m..| .932 .162 .770 十 .052| June 13. | 103 a. m.(31. 452| 1. 586 29. 866| 十 . 043 1 "mic 928| .171 .759| 十 .047| 3 | 123 p. m.| .449| .559 .890 1 2j p. m..| .997 8 _ 059 3 | 5} p.m..| .404 .644| .760|4-.042 1 6 p.m...| 8ء‎ 54 - | 9 p. m...| .406| .638 .768 12 8j a. m..| .95: am D 059 | 10 a. m..| .410| ۰62۵ .784 | | 12m.....| ¿4101 .636| . 74/4. 041 254 COMPARISON OF BAROMETERS. APPENDIX K—Continued. BAROMETER No. 784— Continued. BAROMETER No. 785. z EE 3 Ë 8 Is g Date. Time. P P Ei E Date. Time. > > E E ۰ E = S S E ; bug از .ا و از‎ SS 1.8 Arkansas Hotel, Na- Burnet House, Cincin- poleon. nati. و فی‎ lll u 11a. m .. 31. 519| 1. 228 30. 291 十 .039| June 13 103 a. m.. 31. 153| 1. 300 29. 853 十 0. 36 3 12} p. m..| .150| .310| .840:+0. 44 Anthony House, Littte 3 54 p. m..| .102| .350| .752--0.34 Rock. — 3 Fx. .NüE TIS FOL 4 کا‎ ku. EL jii 31... 2X... 8% a. m..|31. 330| 1.36629. 964 --. 036 4 Ji. zs .101| .336| .765.]-0.33 Mos dd 12) p. m.| .333| .380| .953|+. 043 Musica 6 p. m...| .304| .41 888 十 . 041 | Arkansas Hotel, Na- | ee 2 $p.m..| .280| .419| .861/+. 031 poleon. 16. ¿Dad Tarmo ¿SON 8881 924 98272 10} am-| .331 .377| 4954+. 041| June 24.......... | 11 a. m...31. 340| 1. 112 30. 278 4-0. 28 | 83 3 p.m..| .281| .421| .860|4-. 033 | EE E Midnight.| .263 416| .847 Anthony House, Little Mita 7.20a.m.| ,280| .397| .883 Rock. | 95 AC 11} a. m.| .306| .391| .915-.032 June 2 82 a. m--31.215 1. 258 29. 95740. 29 ۱ Rogers Hotel, Fort ربق پل‎ 124 p. m.|: .219| .277| .942.1-0. 32 | Smith. | IP ns: p.m...| .188 ۰308 ۰88010. 33 1 ; ----| 9$ p.m-.| .165| .304| .859|4-0.29 Nie d. 1j p: m.. 31. 188 1. 435 29. 753 J-. 045 28 m. 18 4H AN 1 IN 4$ p:m..| .177| .436| .741/4. 050, 28 103 a. ml .206| .271 .. 30| .614 . 8164. 28 وو‎ 301| .860 1-0. 33 28 i 293 .849 1-0. 24 279| .876 +0. 21 26] 8 4-0. 26 1. 37829. 734 +0. 26 . 379 . 725 p. ESI... vll Pw mo.” . 0 E E .720 +. 024 eege 12} p. 360 : Tc 034 COMPARISON OF BAROMETERS. ` 255 APPENDIX K-—Continued. BAROMETER No, 790—(CISTERN.) MEE ae Date. | Time. Cor. height. Date. Time, | Cor. height. | | i Burnet House, Cincin- Rogers Hotel, Fort | nati. | Smith, Bae TS). 9 | 103 a. m..... 29. 817 Ju. $. Os 14 . 29. 708 9 2 | 123 p. meci . 196 e TERET p. m...... .691 ۱ OUS ee BE mes 718 i Z 8.35 a. m.... 769 h b ic = Bo گت‎ . 731 EE... 12.19 p. m... . 760 E 181 ©. m... .133 JEROME DANT Ek & m... . 787 | ھا یہ‎ BRA . 734 Arkansas Hotel, Na- | 9 De Di m سو‎ . 792 : | r. n iS L e b 2 | 8 او‎ 123 p. m...-. 786 dune ` ._.> ۶۷ jl S ۰ ov 30. 250 e AM SED TN 755 ds 5.19 p. سب دسالا‎ 770 کر‎ ESL Pk & ma. 835 "Ster ا‎ Ii pm... . 136 Anthony House, Little 和 UT p.m. e . 716 Rock, chistes | ja 94 . 769 لہ پوس وی لا‎ TIR EB em 026 . 143 29. 928 نپ‎ us TI: ere ron . 703 .910 bee ossi ns] BÀ و تو‎ . 699 .847 i e ذس سال کا‎ .718 een ۱ Es ا‎ MON دی‎ 710 OOH 1 p. M----- ۰ .855 1 | n FR s . 638 . 882 1 رو‎ ad . 696 | ` AA 133 pi m..... . 690 Norz.—Some observations are rejected for Md errors of reading. Such are detected by comparison of the Cen instruments at particular observatio: Comparisons by J. Green, maker. —Cistern barometer, No. 190, reads Se with standard, (Smithsonian); capillary action being corrected by final adinim of scale, (diameter of hubo, 0.23 inch,) no correction is wanted but in reducing temperature to 32? Fahrenheit. SEC EE e RNA | | | | | CS Place of observation， Date. Instrument observed. |Ther. att. Upper Zeie? DAMM mcd S x 1853. 3 = In. In. In. In. | E No. 422 Broadway, N. Y., 2d Hoor | Mi e Green's standard 30. 275 z f James Green’s shop x cd ds Do do. do Syphon, No. 780 31.325 | 1.020 | 30.305 | + 0.030 de Ib o do n's standa ا.----‎ 80. 275 Ee Do do o Syphon, No. 78 31.330 | 1.052 | 30.278 . 003 E Do is ۵ reen's standarc --| 30. 108 Pus Do do o Syphon, No. 78 31.145 | 1.010 | 30. 135 027 3 : Do do do Green? BORGO oN ee DEER AN 108 3 Do do do Syphon, No. 782 31. 282 1.162 | 30. 120 012 Do do do Green's standard . 104 Do do do Syphon, No. 78 31.574 | 1.449 | 30.125 | + .021 1854. Steamship Oregon, in the harbor | April8, 10 p.m. Spenser and Brown, 87.5 30. 130 — ndon. 21 Acapulco, do Syphon, No. 784..... 84 31.456 | 1.368 | 30, ےم ا‎ 4042 پا‎ April 26, 1 p.m.| Green's standard. .. .. | 69.5 29. 751 را‎ re tA کرس پر‎ f hon, No. 1845... 71 [31.284 | 1.500 | 29.784 | + 0.027 As the mean result of comparison of all the instruments at the commencement of the survey, the following measures were adopted : 256 INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS AND HORARY CORRECTIONS. Cistern barometer, No. 790 十 .019 Syphon barometer, No. 781 一 .031 Do do 783 —.024 Do do 784 —.024 Do do 785 —.012 Comparison was made with the barometer of Dr. Ray, at Cincinnati, giving the following result : Dr. Ray's cistern, 0.000 Cistern No. 790 十 .026 Syphon No. 781 — .024 Do 783 一 7ء‎ Do 784 一 .017 This comparison confirms the corrections determined by mutual comparison of the instruments of the survey. Next to this verification of instruments, it became necessary to determine the constants proper to be applied in prosecution of the detail of the work. For this purpose there are no precedents in barometric determinations of heights in lines of such extent of continuous and connected survey, and for distances so great from the initial point. Such lines differ widely from isolated and scattered determinations ; and observations so made, require the correction of all the varia- tions of barometric reading belonging to constant or regular changes of pressure, at least, and as . much of correction for irregular or non-periodic alternations as may be applied. Of the known constant corrections, also, the elements are stil! imperfect. There is strong reason to suspect the accuracy of that for temperature of the air, particularly when applied to a line in which great changes of surface temperature occur. It is certain, indeed, that these corrections will not apply in case of considerable changes of surface temperature at places having nearly the same elevation ; and in the present case, the errors arising in this way were avoided by the use, as much as possible, of mean results from many observations in fixing the elevation of every camp or important point in the line from Fort Smith to Albuquerque. The horary variations of pressure are another constant too important to be neglected. For these a scale was first applied, deduced from the determinations at Washington and Philadelphia, modified in the extremes of its range to conform to the less considerable changes shown by recent observations to exist in the daily curve of atmospheric pressure at the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. This low scale of horary correction was applied to all the observations from Napoleon, Arkansas, to Camp No. 32, near the Washita river—thus bringing each observation to the mean pressure for the day. The signs, as given in the table, represent the relation of the several hours to the true daily mean of pressure, and are corrections with the opposite sign.* This degree of correction is not thought sufficient for the comparatively arid climates of the open plains, and is therefore carried only to Camp No. 32. Horary corrections used from e to Camp No. 32. 4 a. m +.008 3 p.m +.006 5 a. m +.006 4 p.m +.015 6 a. m —.002 5 p.m 十 .020 Ta. m 一 .006 6 p.m 十 .018 8 a. m 一 .014 7p.m 十 .012 9 a. m 一 .018 8 p. m. 十 .008 10 a. m —.020 E یی سم مس ہپ کا‎ s 十 .005 lla. m 一 .018 10 p. m 一 .005 12m . 一 .010 11 p. m 一 .005 1p.m —.006 HEB یئٰٰٰٰٰٰ‎ 87٤ 一 .000 2p.m 十 .003 The signs have since been changed to represent the corrections as they should be applied to the observations. HORARY CORRECTIONS. 257 For the transition climate from Camp No. 32 forward to near the boundary of New Mexico, a modified scale with a larger range was employed. Horary corrections applied from Camp No. 32 to Camp No. 50, near the Laguna Colorado. 6 a. m —.007 2 p. m +.015 Ta. m 一 .020 3p.m +.030 8 m 一 .030 4p.m 十 .045 Ge meus 一 .040 5p.m 十 .050 10 a. m —.050 6 p.m 十 .030 lla. m r —.055 7p. m 十 .020 12- mec —.025 8 p.m 十 .005 1 p.m —.005 9p.m 十 .000 For New Mexico, and the arid climates of the remainder of the route, a still larger horary variation was found to exist. The quantities were determined from hourly observations, made by the survey at Albuquerque, from the 3d to the 10th of October, for sixteen hours of the day, and continued for six hours daily to November 8. Observations at Zuñi every fifteen minutes on November 22, were also used to establish this curve. The curves drawn from these observations will be seen to exhibit similar features in all cases, and the corrected curve from which the scale was taken to be so symmetrical as to leave no. doubt. of the accuracy of this unusually large measure of variation of MON through the successive hours of the day. ` Scale of horary corrections applicable to the arid climates of New Mexico and California. 6 a. m —.010 | 2 p. m......... 十 .030 7 a. m —030 | 3pm 十 .040 8a. m —045 | 4 Pp. m...... , 十 .050 9 a. m 一 .050 ۱ 5 0. m +.045 10 a. m —.057 Ee me +.035 lla. m 070 T p. m 十 .025 12 m "۰ت‎ A 十 .010 1 p. m... +.009 JL | 9 p.m 十 .005 This important correction for barometric readings used in the determination of heights has scarcely been referred to in previous surveys ; and the large values it certainly has along this line should be verified more fully than they yet have been. The correction for horary variation is probably large and important over all the interior, in which the barometer is the chief reliance for determining elevations. On the immediate coast of the Pacific, this measure of horary variation returns to quantities differing much less from those which belong to the Atlantic States, and it is not clear whether the large daily range of pressure in the interior belongs to aridity in connection with altitude, or to altitude alone. It is believed, however, that the districts having extreme daily changes of temperature, whether caused by altitude or dryness of climate, are affected by similar measures of daily variations of pressure, though the hours at which the extremes occur are later as the district is more elevated. 33 m 258 : HORARY CORRECTIONS. APPENDIX K—Continued. ALBUQUERQUE, N. M.—BAROMETER No. 783. 1 w 1 | | Date. 6 A. M. T-A: M. 8 A. M. 9 A. M. 18 A.M.. ] DA. M 12 M. I p. M. | | 1853 | October 4 25. 289 25. 325 25. 323 25. 303 25. 283 25. 282 25. 260 25. 252 5 228 278 . 283 285 . 28 270 233 206 6 . 236 254 . 250 246 . 216 202 180 67 T 184 206 . 211 213 . 213 204 155 129 8 158 165 .197 203 . 192 163 185 103 9 124 116 . 122 121 . 102 080 053 041 Means..... 25. 206 25. 224 25. 231 25. 229 25. 215 25. 200 25. 169 25. 149 BAROMETER No. 783— Continued. 1 rss ON ie legos کا‎ d a | Date. | 2 P. M. | 3 P. M. ree | 5P.M. | ,6 P. M. 7 P. M. 8 P. M. 9 P. M. 1853 | ber 4 | 25.213 25. 213 25. 196 25. 187 25. 191 25. 197 25. 208 25. 203 5 1 94 200 . 187 . 191 211 6 8 .124 105 .098 «121 141 136 140 7 . 109 103 097 «118 . 100 106 115 123 8 2 088 . 068 .078 . 081 196 085 9 .029 24. 958 24. 970 . 000 . 005 .017 000 015 Means. ----| 23.128 25 TIS" "25: TOO 25. 110 25. 115 25. 124 |- 25.128 25-129 | OrE.—In the ماس‎ grid Bs work one observation at 9 p. m., October 3, and four observations at 6, 7, 8, and 9 a. m., a: 10, : e were used w e above. As this was a period of co nsiderable abnormal change, the effect of taking such partial bes vatións into Cé bn was to give an erroneous curve for the diurnal اچ چا‎ The following table AN a scale of corrections applicable to observations made at چم‎ in erque, N. M. It is to be regretted that the mistake not discovered in season to allow the )8- eras to b "Er corrected ; but the resulting errors are zong | | - = ` | = š Correction. 2 Correction. | o ; B 2 š Hum i o 5D : o Hour. Së Extremes. 2 3123 اف‎ Hour 33 Extremes. + š 223 £ d š M. | EE. 7 "E go DONE a 298 nailer ho a de igs ai Bea = 3 z 8 Td = e Pg x .106 minimum.| 十 .54 +62 十 .50| 4-58 .سب‎ 45, +58 30 +44 0 d Se یک‎ a a Tl i 9 —-—— em rspp 十 . 31 +39 . 149 |.- eed eos Kat | 4n +19 |. یط‎ . +. 32 +40 | 5 Sa 十 .47| +55 | Means...| 25.161 | .160 | 168 | | | | i | E e REDUCED BAROMETRIC READINGS. 259 APPENDIX K—Continued. E ALBUQUERQUE, N. M.—BAROMETER No. 785. Date. 6 A. M 9 A.M | 12 M. 3 P. M. 6 P. M. 9: ۰ M. | 53. October 8 25. 224 25. 164 25. 101 25. 090 25. 100 Dut ۔اٗویم سم مل 130 135 .25 وو و‎ 24. 986 .023 . 021 Dr nee .163 118 072 25,021 . 029 049 MARII. .113 20 169 ve . 122 . 132 12LL dada .160 +178 «129 .0 . 051 . 082 i سر‎ os .092 ..09 . 078 24. 984 . 022 . 056 本 . 131 . 102 38967015: 2220 0H . 167 260 —— . 236 . 286 » 122 25. 184 T yr? . 200 FA . 226 . 235 . 242 . 220 . 215 235 TC OSL 263 . 881 . 294 . 241 . 224 253 3 . 2179 . 195 JEU E 222 f . 203 . 204 165: ادا ے12‎ 147 ) . 194 . 158 SOTO ME EY . 051 ai eene . 093 .14 . 088 ری ا‎ aiy pacik hese . 004 89 UL ade 24. 957 24. 968 24. 890 BBG. 000001 1 .'058 ' 2: 5.172 25. 119 p d Oh LE, ei ek . 185 ۱ Be ام‎ 25. 236 . 239 s ET . 030 24. 988 24. 948 ED. e io. 24. 946 4. 808 26 ; . 050 .017 25. 006 25. 036 27 d . 200 .074 e6409 1. e e 2942 (4942. (MA. kupa... . 484 . 422 ES A "oggi poo Sae. coms 15436 .074 .010 ` . 965 24. 966 “22 7 24. 4 24. 880 . 886 . 950 2088 9 25.175. . 163 25.177 25. 196 Fils . 250 9ء‎ 4 213 . 258 TE ieee: 211 ie Zeg . 252 169 E I^ . 127 ee aa IS LR . 052 Sa. dass. .063 039 .030 S سی‎ ssn 271 315 . 508 Means 25. 139 25. 184 25. 167 25.118 25.116 25.137 Cor. for bar. 785 —.022 17 | . 162 . 145 096 DE «115 CAMP 71, NEAR PUEBLO DE ZUÑI.—BAROMETER No. 790. Observations November 22 and 23, corrected for temperature. he m. {i [fg jan EES tide Mato Rj? 2 À. m. r E) P E ; A. T c 3 / 2 15 p. m. LI 23.891 8 30 p. m. 23. 927 2 45 a. m. 23. 912 ) 00 a. m. 23. 952 2 30 p. m. BFF 8 45 p. m. .927 ^ 800a. m. ` .908 ) 15 a. m. .953 2.45 p. m. . 877 9 00 p. m. 930 3.15. 2. er . 906 ) 30 a. m. = 959 3 00 p. m. . 881 9 15 p. m. 930 3 30 a. m. .904 ) 45 a. m. .957 3.15 p-m . 878 9:80 p. m. 922 3 45 a. m. .904 10 00 a. m. .956 3.30 p. m. 817 9 45 p. m. 928 4 00 a. m. .906 || 10 15 a.m. . 951 3 45 p. m. . 881 10 00 p. m. 930 4 15 a. m. .908 10 30 a. m. . 950 4 00 p. m. .881 | 10 15 p. m. 920 430a.m, | .902 | 10 45 a.m. . 969 4.15 p. m. .878 10 30 p. m. 916 + 4 45 a. m. . 896 11 00 a. m. .949 4 30 p. m. 879 10 45 p. m. 914 5 00 a. m. . 888 11 15 a. m. 932 9 p; m. #873 11 00 p. m. .916 6:15 d. 71 .887 11 30 a. m. «914 . 5 00 p. m. .87 11 15 p. m. 912 | 5 30 a. m. .896 || 11 45 a. m. .891 5 15 p. m. .873 11 30 p. m. 914 5 45 a. m. .898 || 12 00 m. 5 5 30 p. m. .879 1145p.m. 6 6 00 a. m. .904 12 15 p. m. 900 5 45 p. m. 874 12 00 p. m. 912 . 6 15 a. m. . 915 12 30 p. m. . 904 6 00 p. m. 894 12 15 a. m. 914 6 30 a. m. . 931 12 45 p. m. ` Ku 6 15 p. m. 2 30 a. m. 918 6 45 a. m. .929 1 00 p. m. .904 6 30 p. m. . 905 12 45 a. m. 918 7 00 a. m. 941 | 15 p. m. . 904 6 45 p. m. .905 1 00 a. m. 919 7T 15 a. m. 939 1 30 p. m. .904 7 00 p. m. 911 1 15 a. m. .916 7 30 a. m. 1 45 p.m. . 865 7 15 p.m. 925 1 30 a. m. 908 7 45 a. m. 939 2 00 p. m. .874 7 30 p. m. 931 1 45 à. m. 906 8 00 a. m. 937 7 15 p. m. + . 793 7 45 p. m, .923 2.00 a. m. . 903 8 15 a. m. .938 . 8 00 p. m. . 915 2 15 a. m. 906 8 30 a. m. . 946 8 15 p. m. .921 2 30 a. m. 909 8 45 a. m. . 954 SE 260 IRREGULAR VARIATIONS OF PRESSURE. Another element found very important at the outset of the reductions was the non-periodic variation of pressure. Fortunately, several good barometers were observed sufficiently near this part of the line to give an approximate correction for many days. The importance of at- tention to this source of erroris very great in lines determined by successive differences, and every mode of correction and avoidance of it was employed throughout. The mode previously employed, or whether indeed any mode was employed, to obviate er- rors arising in this manner, is not given by Nicollet and others who have made determinations in the interior ; but the results on this line show careful attention to it to be indispensable. At Napoleon, for the 24th of June, a non-periodic correction of —.117 was applied to the mean of the barometric readings, obtained from comparison with full records at Lebanon, Glenwood, and Memphis, Tennessee, and at New Orleans. A less correction was applied at Little Rock ; at Fort Smith the correction —.027 was ap- plied to the mean of all the readings, and beyond this the corrections given below : July 28th 十 .030 July 29th 十 .050 July 30th 十 .080 July 31st 十 .070 August 1st 十 .030 August 3d / 一 .080 August 4th —.080 August 5th —.040 August 7th —.020 August 8th......... —.060 August 9th i —.050 Further correction in this manner was impossible; but the more important points were de- termined from observations carried through two or more days, and such points were made bases for reference of minor camps and intermediate stations. The line was carried forward by reference of Camp No. 2 to the sea-level, assuming 30.050 inches as the mean pressure at the gulf with the barometer corrected to 32?, and the air tem- perature at 64? ; and by subsequent reference of the principal camps to each other, correcting the differences to the station having the greatest number of observations, and correcting inter- mediate lines, determined by minor camps and single stations, proportionally, for the error of their terminus. At Albuquerque, a reference of the mean of its numerous observations was again made to sea-level, and the elevations eastward to Laguna Colorada were determined by differences from this point. The error resulting from non-periodic variation is mainly avoided in this manner, and the lines from these different bases agree very nearly at their terminus. Beyond Albuquerque, the elevations are determined by mutual and cross reference of princi- pal camps to each other, to Leroux's spring, Camp No. 91. At the mouth of Bill Williams’ fork a new base was determined, with which the elevations eastward were compared as far as Camp No. 91, correcting the principal camps by direct reference to the sea. The same elements were taken ES sea-level as before, viz: 30.050 inches as barometric height at 32?, and the air tem- perature at 64°. This check by direct reference to the sea, gives but slight corrections on the determinations by consecutive comparisons from the Colorado, and the lines agree very nearly at their terminus at Camp No. 91. The differences for single stations and minor camps are, however, sometimes considerable. "These are corrected by taking departures from each princi- pal camp, and correcting the elevations proportionally from their point of meeting midway. West of the Colorado, the line is carried forward by differences from the mean of the three first camps at the point of departure, otherwise as before, and its terminus at the Pacific 1s with- out important error. DISTRIBUTION OF RAIN. 261 Through the entire line it has been sought to harmonize the results, as a survey of consecu- tive differences, with those obtained by new points of reference to the sea-level, and by refer- ence of distant camps to the initial point, and to one another. To reconcile these absolutely on a line of such extent, and nearly across the continent, could not be anticipated, as there are sources of great error in non-periodic variations of pressure, and in the variable value of obser- vations at the several camps and stations. Every check possible to be applied to the results has been applied, and the principal points are believed to be very near to accuracy. All the constants of correction have been fully applied. A variable error from variation of pressure among the months would give a slight reduction of the elevations at Albuquerque and eastward to the sources of the Canadian. West of Albuquerque it would slightly add to the elevations. " CLIMATOLOGY. The accompanying chart is prepared to givea comparison of the distribution of rain over the portion of the continent traversed by this line of survey. It is copied from a general chart of mean annual fall of rain for all parts of the continent as determined from the entire amount of American observation of this character. Most of the amounts are from positive measurements. Those for the interior, in positions not occupied by military posts at which observations have been made, are estimated from the climatological descriptions of chiefs of surveys and recon- noissances, and from general climatological laws. : Thus, a more abundant fall of rain in the tract bordering the Canadian than either north or south of it, is inferred from the less elevation of the mountains westward and southwestward. Rains are not wholly arrested by these mountains as by the greater elevations northward, and atthe south the border of the region of summer rains is not far off. The Estacado of Texas, the Rio Grande valley, and the Plains of the Gila, are in desert latitudes, or between the tropi- cal and temperate climates. Few measurements have been taken of amount of rain on the Canadian, but the comparative abundance of rain in this belt is fully shown in the naratives of the survey. West of the Rio Grande, the Zuñi plateaux and the adjacent mountains and districts are known to be comparatively well watered. The still more elevated mountains at the sources of the Rio Grande arrest an immense precipitation, and the extension westward of this profusion of rains, at certain seasons at least, is farthest at the 35th parallel, and on the San Francisco mountains and the adjacent plateaux. The Sierra Madre and coast ranges of mountains have also an abundant precipitation, though mainly confined to certain seasons, and not equally dis- tributed through the year. ` Generally the districts near the 35th parallel on the western part of this continent are at the southern border of the regions of equally distributed rains. Those bordering the 30th parallel are the most extremely arid—the normal desert climates, though locally relieved in many cases. Southward, or at the 25th parallel, the summer rainy season and the alternations of tropical climates are fully instituted. The temperature distribution of this portion of the continent is unimportant, except that its elevation moderates its extreme heats and gives it a general resemblance to that of the 40th parallel in the eastern United States. The valley of the Colorado of California is an exception, however, having very high temperatures, but a very dry, elastic atmosphere. The cool invigor- ating climates of the immediate coast of the Pacific are also a striking and valuable feature of this general climatology. APPENDIX L. TABLE OF RESÜLTS FOR ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC descansar ا‎ a DETERMINED FROM RAROMETRIC RECORDS KEPT AT VARIOUS WESTERN MILITAR Observations at Fort Gibson, by Surgeon B. Randall, U. S. A. _ VARIATION. ری | ۔‎ VARIATION. VARIATION. VARIATION. | | Date. Amount, | Date. Amount. Date. Amount. Date. Amount. ë 1853. = | 1853. 1853. 1853. Mean for June, 29.444 July 18 一 .035 | Aug. 11 سل‎ 053 || Sept. 4---------- —. 133 : d uw 9 — 015 2 +. 069 5 —.151 June 2: +. 102 20 +. 017 +. 035 Ba 一 .067 +.21 s +. 014 1 +. 023 W DIRT +. 026 ai: 一 .026 š +. 000 EE +. 048 3 一 .078 5 —. 005 1 +. 064 L —.113 1 —. 041 +. 083 Ë 一 -. 006 18 —. 060 +. 080 ; +. 088 1 —. 091 +. 038 H. 十 .078 : 135 —. 127 T 十 -059 2 147 —,,183 z . 065 22 一 . 104 1 . 188 F.080 | 1138. —. 062 16 —. 216 +. 045 2: +. 040 سم ا1‎ 216 5 +. 065 il + 185 LH .073 Mean for Aug., 29. 395 26 +. 030 19. |رے‎ +. 044 ( NN +. 095 27 +. 179 20 ER RÄ, lo ¿zog IC | +. 054 28 +. 174 +. 249 و انا‎ +. 074 EE —. 045 29 +. 183 22 +. 185 4.027. Shite ss —. 091 30 +. 066 T +. 101 015 EL eh lad —. 093 31 —. 027 24 +. 106 2 +. 006 ۱ —.052 ا‎ : +. 118 - +. 004 euo. —. 018 | Mean forSept., 29.438 6 +. 144 +. 014 vel TALL CODE UIS ER +. 148 一 .010 | —— in - -F.024 || Sept. Lis —. 066 28 +. 071 -. 015 | | gaa کت‎ VIO Dee ni 047 2€ 十 .011 — 057 | 10 十 .024 پور‎ ss —. 040 1 +. 027 ——— with different means as bases, the numbers are modified in application so as to ronder de BER PT A چھ‎ & pelea | | | APPENDIX L—Continued. Comparison of abnormal variations at Fort Gibson and at Albuquerque for October, 1853. ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 263 FORT GIBSON. ALBUQUERQUE. Fort GIBSON. ALBUQUERQUE. Date. Amount. Date. Amount. Date. ` Amount. Date. . Amount. Mean for Oct., 29.502 Mean from Oct. 4 to Nov..8, 25.121. Oéfüber سے پا ا‎ ---| +. 053 Üctober f E نید با‎ 十 .119 | October 17........ J-. 125 ا‎ ae Ç E E: MT TM NC +. 079 C VERNE +. 100 | October 3 (9p.m ) +. 110 194. ا‎ +. 096 ۱۰ TEE NM. 十 .030 & ٹپ‎ 2: EE id چو‎ 十 .082 o Ae, Auge. —. 091 20 PE > APR: -一 .025 E 十 .023 e ہے لا‎ 十 .08 ab. epu —. 257 ee, aa —. 082 Dh. c. chus +. 024 6...08. R 十 .019 سے 6ے 28ے‎ —. 100 Sl... . 191 h; Las +. 009 +. SS... +. 002 994. l... +. 117 ۰. ۰۱ 8 一 .006 il: Qe ا ہیی‎ —. 046 RE MR —. 007 2006 e BE 十 .116 24000 سے‎ —. 041 Pe عو ماپ کے‎ —.166 B 2. us 084 20$... 2-7 —. 234 25ھ‎ m MM —. 266 Ie. os 22/131 10209. —. 068 20۳9 6 —, 196 یم‎ RE —.113 下 ER 十 .006 HIIS... 十 .026 رر‎ Lcx =, 079 | 11.40I.... —. 039 19... +.003 A +. 033 08ھ | 031 0 رت‎ +. 152 ee 25041 MES ANN -= 088 en, 3 | +b, 257 | Sad 十 . 245 E —. 053 | ae s +. 028 کے بب فا‎ |349 50. MON +. 253 29 007 +. 022 TIEN +.057 0ی‎ |—. 097 ! ۰ MAT TER —. 130 | بت‎ 十 . 080 1 ۳ 十 .086 + and at Albuquerque for November, 1853. E Gn , pes £m 7 d Fort G ۲ š Date. Amount. Date. Amount Date. Amount. Mean for Nov., 29.550 Mean from Oct. Si to Nov. 8, 25.1 November 1...... —. 302 | November 1. ....| —.181 || November 16 ...... —. 190 "00107 —. 046 | . Us ٦ nc —.146 a 7 4ء اف یں 99 | 999وت‎ Bess 037 E oi +.185 2 ایس‎ EUM . sss — 029 NT یر‎ 十 .163 Keck des ٦ | Ten 十 .050 A +.173 A 21 +. 073 Tau +. 052 E SE il e 35d +. 052 ۲ b 7 —. 034 UCET A ME x. — ہار پا‎ +.254 | 39 NUES +.179 |; ECKE —. 045 ری ہے‎ 十 . 159 j ree + 119 36... 十 . 160 |: SE —. 015 E 十 .031 J ls +. 053 s سے‎ n 6 chee Amo ETE lo > 027 Dina 286 eae +. 025 Observations at Fort Yuma by Asst. Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A " mo; : Amount Date. Daily mean. vt variation Date. Daily mean. | of variation. 1853. 1853. | | Deaanber ¿ 11.2... ¿6 29. 663(3obs.)|- -.-----..-..- Dodbhber —129......2. 29. 830 19 سے‎ 50 | ¿060 Melek سے‎ O و900‎ . 822 | BE eege . 660 ۱ O . 787 A . 762 | - I. 4i . 775 ` Ze .832 A ` Gs .935 Te 945 ۱ 24 وو‎ .895 1 od .983 | 95.2 ass .945 jl .. .815 | CT We: 30. 018 264 ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, APPENDIX L—Continued. : Amount a Amount — | Dally mean of variation. Dato: Daily mean: of variation. 1853. 1853. December — 27........ 30. 060 January. 16........ 29. 867 — 0.059 3 29. 940 TA a 09 . 942 + .016 M. 2 . 922 Ja: as . 807 — 119 ہیں اھ‎ cs Ne 30. 132 ۰ LY; saa. . 637 — 289 Boise. 30. 102 + 0.176 Bos um 30. 070 + .14 1854. AA . 160 cb nim Jan AS 30. 020 + .094 ^ سی‎ . 097 4A ٦ Bean. s . 012 Jer .086 T 27 29. 982 + .056 Boot eie x 29. 995 + ` .069 E .902 一 024 Ena = . 828 — 098 A 286 . 807 — 119 和 . 690 — 236 E ia «970 ”十 044 AA 30. 012 十 086 E E AEN 30. 080 十 154 ONE . 175 + .249 ` EE . 022 + .096 APP . 082 _ 156 A سل رق‎ .012 + .086 یل‎ A 29. 942 十 016 کچ و وی ات‎ . 005 + .079 a . 928 十 002 سب 870 .29 سی چو خر‎ .056 ۱ 6 . 952 == 026 ce Lokit . 710 — 216 ۱: EP بی‎ .745 — 1 Bo SC .857 — .069 13. T------- ` 737 PO Y 189 3 ET سے 8175 . اج‎ . 051 > PS. . 617 اسب‎ .309 70 . 80 سب‎ .096 1 esc es 29. 750 0. 176 jue 67 29. 880 — 0.046 Mean for January, 29. 926. Observations at Great Salt Lake, from Captain Beckwith’s survey. r Amount e Amount Date. Daily mean. ot adtetion. Date. Daily mean. of Vlftion. 1853. 1854 .Novr 2 25. 754 + 0.086 January . 833 + .16 ; ےو فرع تاپ‎ 2.0 Dec'r .840 + .172 š . 538 ; . 800 - . 132 EE . 395 1 I 01 ۱ - Hs .594 E ما ند رر‎ .736 ` .068 6 UE. .849 کے‎ TELE | . 738 + .070 EN نی‎ E 26. 000 | 903 + .235 | . 912 + .244 رف‎ m.... 25. 701 + 0.086 ATA | . 835 + .167 . 768 4. ۰ 188 ‘ 552 — .116 578 — 037 416 — .252 12 . 290 — 325 . 429 — .239 D . 146 一 .469 . 636 — .032 . 001 — .614 f .396 一 .272 . CU MB — .466 t . 331 一 .337 . 304 ES 311 9 6 h... .378 — a290 $32 A . 276 — .339 . 667 سب‎ .001 ` . 985 一 230 Z5 Hu. à .673 + .005 + . 118 一 .497 ۲ ۲ NL. . 689 + .017 2 . 819 + 4 .692 + .024 2 . 737 + .122 1 .494 سب‎ .M4 22 .954 + .339 9ص‎ ee . 483 سب‎ .185 2: . 866 十 251 22 9a.m. & 12m. .613 سب‎ .055 2: . 639 + .024 ) E 647 + E NW al s .450 ہے‎ P 1 ۳ 530 سب‎ .138 2 . 818 + .203 25 ded'd fm. Ft.Yuma .452 سب‎ .216 27 . 948 + .333 T ك0‎ — .045 2 917 + .302 21 .670 + .002 29 Sa. mit; . 897 + .282 28 .525 — 3 : SEA INC. سس پم‎ 2 . 550. سب‎ .118 31 94. m.... 25. 866 + 1 NM. La m..... .T10 4- .102 31 9a.m. & 12m 25. 913 + 0.245 Mean for Jan., 25.615 Mean for Dec. 25.668 | ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, 265 3 APPENDIX L—Continued. | Date. Daily | Variations| Variations | Mean of Date. | Daily | Variations Variations” Mean of mean. | at Great} at San | variations. | mean | at Great} at San variations. : Salt Lake.| Diego. | Salt Lake.) Diego. ۱ | 1854. . | February 1 | 25.455 February 16 | 25.546 | — 0.072 | -~ 0.126 | — 0.099 ج8‎ U 17 | . 8 AES سا‎ ME — کو‎ 3 680 ۳ P 18 | .562 | 一 .056 1 十 .017 — .020 + . 657 19 | .604 | .014 | + .123 十 .055 5 662 | + 0.044 | 十 0.025 | + 0.035 20 | .579 | -一 .039 | + . 6 十 .033 6 622 + .004 + .07 十 .041 21 | .677|+ .059|-- .093 十 .1 7 EUREN ADM IPSE. ul .Hi- kk el 4. m 8 7122 | + .104 | — .011 | + .046 23 -618 | + .00 4 .114| + .057 9 -598 | — .020 | — .062| — .041 21 .683 | + .06 | + .079 十 2 10 1981 — , 220 | — .086 | —. .153 25 .659 | + .041 | + .061 十 .051 11 ded. | 7 273 26 .509 |— .109 | + .058| — 07 12 .304 | 一 .314 | 十 .024| — .145 27 اچ‎ | ed 十 .079 + .021 13 š erg — .246 | 十 .036 | 一 .105 28 vi Ze + .094 | — ,.118 14 .633 | + .015 | -- .012| + .028 | March 1 | 25. 4172 E 146 لف‎ 0.107 | — 9.919 15 | 25.649 | + 0.031 | + 0.042 | + 0.036 | l I Mean for February, 25.571. Mean for December, January, and February, 25.618. Observations: at Mission of San Diego, o, California, by W S King, M. D. and C. C. Kerney, M. D., Surgeons ۱ Si go | CR 2 CR | g Sa Date.” 23 Date. 8 | 43 Date. E 22 || Date. B 22 > SÉ 5 | Be E Së. E SE 3 E : 3 = E | = 3 á ge  | Sr á EK | A 8” | ۱ Feb l| 29.3928 — .144 | Feb.15 | 29.414 十 .012 | Mar. 1 | 29.479 十 .107 | Mar. 17 | 29. 288 — .084 2 | 29. 301 == et 16 | 29.246 | — .126 2 | 29.476 + .104 | 18 | 29.269 س‎ .103 4 | 29. 356 == , 016 | 17.1 29.2132 hes 1 3 | 29. 2 + -020 | 19 | 29.351 + BA nd 4 366 . 006 18 | 29.389 | 十 .017 4 | 29.369 سب‎ 4.003 | 20.| 29. 343 — .029 5 | 29.397 十 .025 19 | 29.495 | + .123 5 29.314 — 4058 29. 310 š 6|29.451 | + 9 29.478 | + .106 6 | 29.301 | — .071 22 | 29.342 030 7 | 29. 410 +. 21 | 29.465 | + . 09: T i 29. 183 am 189 23 9.346 — .026 8 361 w 011 22 | 29.452 + .080 B i 7 x 5 24.| 29.342 — .030 9 | 29.311 | — 6 23 | 29. 486 | + HE 9|29.324 | — .048 25 | 29.404 | 十 9 10 | 29.286 | + 4 24 | 29.451 | + 9 0 | 29. 390 | 十 .018 26 | 29.350 | — .022 11 | 29.255 | — .117 25 | 29.433 | 十 .061 11 | 29.312 060 | 1|29.456 | + .084 12 | 29.396 | 十 .024 26 | 29.427 | + . 055 12 | 29.297 | — 078 | 445 | + 53 13 | 29.408 | + .036 27 | 29.451 | + .079 3 | 29.317 | — .055 | 29 | وو‎ 466 + 4 14 |29.414 | + .042 28 | 29.466 | 十 .094 14 | 29.304 | — .068 | 0 | 29.4 十 .082 15 | 29. 310 ہہ‎ .032 | 31 | 29. ٦ -一 . 048 16 | 29.353 D | Mean for February and March, 29. 372. APPENDIX M. TABLE OF BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. ¡a aD A EE qa pu a+ ten RENE TT TEE SE VY ONE TIEREN Š ۵ و‎ | Š 48 Š eg | ۵ $8 : > o N 2939 تھے‎ >O 8 oo E ڈو‎ 29۰۶۰ [és نے اوت‎ s ER Name of place. 22/88) a, ES Name of place. $4885 = °. y s3 sg] $$ |s% ¿Ss دی‎ | 523 Ki Ela TE Pus E و و‎ 2 2312 | ۵ = 2312 | 1 | Napoleon 5 5 142.1 49 | Camp 4, Cache creek... .. 10 1 552.5 2 ittle k 50 5 351.4 5 Foot -hill, edge SR prairie 1 1 528. 9 3 | Fort Smith 114 5 468.7 Dies (Top. : 1 1 68.9 ` š p Wi 2 =F 466. 52 | Prairie, 8. camp, 3------- 1 1 575.8 5 | Ast. Station 458.4% | 53 | Top of hill ; 1 E 642.8 6 | Flagstaff, Fort Smith 465. 8% 54 | Hill-top 1 1 571.7 7 | East ak, Zen river.. 450. 2% وق‎ | Bottoti.. 2 eee eee 1 1 499.7 8 | Foot o 423. 7% 56 | Station 6012 1 1 579.4 9 ¡ Water's e wë 417. 6*: a2? John's House یب سے‎ cocos L 1 595.4 10 | Water's edge Zem bank 417.6? | 49 | Camp 4, Cacho creek..... 10 1 552.5 11 West baile 428. 3 58 | Station 1 1 574. 1 12 | Station 10 431.5 59 4 miles پت‎ nae ا‎ 1 1 683.4 ) 15 430. 4% 60 | Camp 5, Ve Sans Bois erk| 4 1 653. 5 14 20. 430. 9% 61 Station 1 1 582.5 15 25 435. 1* 62 $ 1 1 624.5 16 30 ; 439. 7% 65 6 1 1 630.7 17 CT? 1 1 448.0 64 7 1 ] 632.9 18 100 1 1 439. 2 65 8 1 lat 625.7 A 139. 1 1 423.3 66 10 1 la 619.6 20^ ISR.... lu... 1 1 430. 1 61 11 1 la 641.4 : 199 1 1 436.9 68 13 1 la 619. 22 307... E 1 439.5 69 5 1 la 630. 4 23 - 225 | d 1 418.3 70 6 1 la 639.0 24 269... (at E 1 441.5 TE, Ta 1 la 637.9 5 S984... e 1 1 444.9 72 ۶ 1 la 609. 5 26 on 1 1 455.5 73 q 1 la 596.0 BE H 1 462.3 74 Camp 6, Coon creek 4 m 583.7 7 پر بط‎ Ring s plantation; 33 2 493.1 75 | Station 1 m 579. 8 . 29 | Statio: 1 1 502. 2 76 5 1 la 580. 4 30 A لہ‎ M سی‎ 1 1 550.1 71 1 1 la 585.5 31 666 十 了 ti... 1 1 518.6 78 10 1 la 581. 6 32 eg 十 A pe pc 1 1 592. 2 79 20 l. de . 555.2 33 和 1 1 606. 6 80 2 j da 546.8 ái ` e + 90 feet...| 1 1 602.6 81 22 1 lm 549.2 35 120 + 93 feet...| 1 1 587.1 82 3 1 la 556.8 2 il 136 1 1 593. 6 83 zi 1 la 524.8 $7 | Hill-top L Esch 586.0 84 5 1 a 546.7 ۳۲ EE 1 1 545.9 85 4 1 la 534. 7 39 | Camp 2, Scullyville...... 65 1 539.5 86 9 1 la 524.7 40 SE 1 1 89. 0 87 d 1 la 518.2 41 20 1 1 619. 6 88 1 la 542.3 42 58... 1 1 535.0 89 33 1 pele 565. 1 43 70... 1 1 535. 90 4 1 a 554. 2 44 | Near Poteau riyer....... 1 1 544. 91 35 1 a 547.8 بر‎ DEE Do... ipa ساب‎ a 1 1 521.5 92 36 1 la 545.7 39 | Camp 2, Scul) y ville. 9e cul: 65 1 539.5 93 38 £ a 552.4 46 | Camp 3, Camp creek ....| 8 1 568.0 94 39 1 a 553.8 47 | Sta. 26, road survey... | 1 1 564. 5 41 1 a 563.1 48 | 12 M. station........-—1 1 1 554.0 96 42 1 a 555.8 $ Height determined by survey from Camp Wilson with spirit level. + a denotes that the instrument used was an Aneroid barometer. At all the camps, and " most of the principal points em, observations by Mercurial Syphon or Cistern barometers only are taken into accoun: | | e I DAROMETRIC ALTITUDES APPENDIX M-— Continued. No. of barome- ter station. Station 43 3 Name of place. Stati Camp 7, on 0 3 Sans Bois creek. - 5 1 No. of observa- tions at station. |_#_............ rn...» mm که y Ge 323 es shia” | 3 97 É 3| 433 : $$$ B .. ياوه‎ 9 Z |z is ای‎ Station 8 1 1 652.0 || 427 | Station 7 1 2 29 1 1 674.3 || 428 8 Med 363 30 1 1 674.4 | 429 9 کک ی‎ eg 364 31 1: 1 | 6816 | 0 10 Loa | M 365 32 1 1 696.8 | 431 T bad ag 366 33 1 1 674.2 || 432 12 EE Här 367 34 1 1 687.6 || 433 14 EE لا‎ E 368 35 1 1 687.7 || 43 15 L3 2 369 36 1 1 687.8 || 435 | Foot of hill i40 Dag: 370 37 1 1 687.9 || 43 1 "E لا‎ 1 371 40 id 692.5 || 437 18 i4 au 372 41 1 1 697.1 | 438 19 s died d 373 42 1 1 697.2 | 439 20 pelo 3 SE 374 45 1 1 697.3 | 440 | 9] LEET Tu 375 49 1 1 693.0 | 441 | 22 > | ot 376 50 1 1 697.6 || 442 23 او‎ p | cae 377 51 1 1 697.7 | 443 | 24 | x LT 378 52 1 | 693.3 | 444 | 25 | WT BR 379 53 | I 693.4 | 445 26 mn : eck 380 54 L 1 8.6 | 446 2 | , : du 381 55 : 1 698.7 | 447 28 | : ae 82 EE و ی‎ | | 694.3 | 8 2: ie ا‎ 383 5 694.5 | 449 3 aoe ne: E 5 690.2 | 450 : w St 60 708.1 ٤ 32 1 Ze Š ， 61 708.2 | 452 33 1 oi 387 62 ] 712.8 || 453 34 1 e 388. 64 1 713.0 || 454 35 1 : dg 389 65 1 ] 699. 8 455 36 : e 390 66 1 1 135.6 | 456 38 le: 391 67 1 752.6 || 457 39 : La 392 68 1 ] 701.1 || 458 42 : Huer: 393 69 1 676.3 | 459 43 | 1 : ur si 70 | 1 1 613.3 460 | Camp 13, Br. Coal creek. - a 1 mi 5 | T | 1 1 794.0 | 461 | Station Too 1 1 582. e 74 | 1 | | 68.4 |462 | Bankofcreek.,........- ی ی‎ اس‎ 76 1| 1 | 618.1 | 463 "cn bia. S 398 . 77 1 1 611.0 | 464 " TNT RE 399 78 1 1 613.0 || 465 5 wë یه‎ 400 19 1 1 623.8 | 466 | 1 "e : aech: 401 30 1 1 25.8 | 467 8 : à 402 32 1 1 632.3 4 0 rose 403 36 b 1.9 | 469 1 "m 404 87 1 l*| 649.3 | 470 3 j GE? 405 91 ado 1 658.4 || 471 4 i سل‎ 406 92 1 1 648.8 || 472- 15 1 dede 407 93 1 ] 651.0 | 473 ; 1 n2 408 94 1 1 657.6 | 474 2 nes 409 96 1 664.2 || 475 2: ۱ ad. 410 9 1 669.1 | 476 : I Ge, 411 8 1 667.6 | 477 2 : d 412 9€ 1 668.8 | 478 2 : Le 413 1 1 688.0 | 479 2 1 Dad 414 102 1 657.2 | 480 f a 415 103 1 648.5 | 481 OA dd. 1 TS 416 105 SS Gë | 641.0 | 482 37 Ke 1 mi 417 | Bank of Coal ee tt | 636.8 | 483 3 1 1 1 418 TOG. ck E NE [ 642,4 484 39 1 1 770. 4 419 108 Sei | | 648.3 | 485 41 همم سو‎ 420 109 a d 1 653.0 | 486 | Gully betw. 41 and A8. 1 | 1 | 718.7 421 | Camp 12, Coalcreek.... | 2 l 654. 5 7 42 1 144.0 4: @ 2; een 1 | 681.6 | 488 43 ] 1 741.4 423 E 1 | 677.7 || 489 44 ! 1 768.0 424 : 8 1 1 678.3 | 490 45 1 749.4 425 zi ASI 692.3 | 491 47 1 734.0 426 1 l 692.9 || 492 48 1 1 737.6 270 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. Fo cate CA e 28 8 | $3 E iid 5" i | dig oe ss Name of place. ae 12338 Ga, | BS Kame of place. ها که‎ ED. à | Ea بب‎ 2 a ا :ا و‎ wes ہے ہپ گا ہے‎ i < Š S 9 s @ a 1 rue o O um oe x Aag 3 o یر‎ ODE a SÉ Sox o oo ° ai | Ow ° ° O Q A zum | m z ENT 四 493 | Station 52 1 1 712.6 || 556 | Station 3 1 1 491 57 1 1 793.0 557 H 1 1 495 58 1 1 790.5 || 558 5 1 1 496 61 1 1 788.7 | 559 6 1 1 91 72 1 1 791.0 || 560 8 1 1 498 78 1 1 810.8 561 9 H 1 499 86 1 1 872.0 ۵9 12 1 1 500 87 1 1 881.5 | 563 20 1 1 501 95 1 1 846.5 || 4 21 1 1 502 97 1 1 851.5 565 24 1 1 503 101 1 1 854.7 || 566 26 1 1 504 | Camp 14, head of Coal cr-| 4 1 833. 2 567 < 1 1 505 | Station 3 1 i Stha 568 1 1 506 6 1 1 | 843.9 || 569 SH? with water. cl 1 1 507 7 1 1 | 827.2 | 570 | Stati j 1 508 10 Pe | 809.6 | 571 1 509 | : 4 r O ee 572 85 ] H 510 1 1.| 8358 | 8 37 ] 1 511 sae 2 "s of sla. Ig H 1 826.1 574 38 1 512 | Statio: 1 1 865.4 515 39 1 513 | Top o 1 1 881.8 576 40 1 514 Gully station 20 to 21-- 1 1 846. 2 577 ] 1 515 | Station 2 1 1 861.0 | 578 | Gully 1 1 516 | Sandy bed betw. stations 1 1 857.4 579 | Station 42 ] 1 i 22 and 23. 580 43 ] 1 517 -| Station 2: 1 ] 879. 581 | Camp 16, Shawnee town- 3 1 518 24 1 1 882.5 582 | Station 4 ] 1 519 | Top of hill, station 25---- 1 ] 924.3 583 ] 1 520 | Top of hill, station 27....| 1 1 959.8 | 584 48 + 100 yards.. 1 '521 | Station 2 1 ] 992.6 | 585 | Gully foot of erte "d 1 522 1 ] 1043.4 | 586 | Station 50, top of mount. - 1 523 : 1 ] 970.0 587 53 1 524 1 1036. 1 588 54 d 525 3 1 1 829.5 | 589 57 1 526 | d ii Í 590 1 1 527 ` d 1 1 591 |: 1 528 58 1 | 811.8 | 592 | Station 2 1 529 i 1 | 864.4 593 3 1 530 | ] 864.8 594 4 1 1 531 Gully between st. 65 & 66. | ] 862.5 || 595 5 1 1 532 | Statio: ] 864.7 596 9 ] 1 533 1 ] 867.8 597 ( ] 1 534 e ] ] 920.4 || 598- ^ 1 535 7 ] ] 894. 9 599 1 536 78 j ! 834.0 || 600 2 1 537 3 x 1 790.3 | 601 2 1 538. ] 787.0 | 602 2 1 539 | 82 784.6 | 603 | Ravine... 1 1 540 | Gully in front of stat'n 82. 1 787.8 | 604 | Camp 17, Br. Boggy river 22 1 541 |. : 1 716.4 17 542 | Gully—sta. 83-]-25 yds.. | | 713:8 ۱۰۵086 Mao H...., با‎ S 543 | Station 84. 7 1 [ 718.0 || 606 |. 544 LP AR ] | 919.7 | 607 32 9..-.. ds : 897. 6 33 516 90 das 876.4 547 : : x 1 886.7 | 610 | Ravine on Boggy river... 548 876.2 | 611 tati 549 Gully- station e E 829.9 | 612 43 550 | Station SC, 864.5 || 613 | Ravin 551 110 pcm 558.0 | ELE |Station46........... nao ] 552 111 E 819. 615 553 112 cke 815.3 | 616 50 554 ¡“Camp l5,Shawneevil'te.| 3 | 1 812.1 | 617 51 655 | 2 ; 22 138.0 18 52 ? Fall of river, from this point to Fort Smith. at the rate of two feet per mile. k akwa ۳٣9 :ں:-:‎ ۱ ET SN BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES, APPENDIX M—Coutinued. pa FTE ea $ و کے و‎ we > 2 8 Qt š PAE a | i os E fg ĉa | 28 SS dy $E E 3 Name of place. 28132 | 8 (EK Name of place. Lë 3 g| 8 ات‎ + SC es gx, ۱ ag | | - o s E ° | 288 E وڈ‎ || gag ¿2 so O set ; = gS TE y "Sg 5 £3 $ بج ا‎ ]S 23/2 | 619 | Station 53 1 1 828.7 | 684 | Station 1 | ja. lod d Mul 620 | Top of do mu 1 1 835.6 | 685 3 | 621 | Station 57 1 1 878.5 | 686 4 | 1 1 See 622 "an 1 1 871.0 | 687 6 E SE RE, "e 623 59 1 1 859.9 | 688 7 [3947]. | 1211.6 624 2 1 1 865.9 | 689 8 | 73-1253 | 1195.7 625 4 1 1 851.2 | 69 | 4و‎ 1163. 6 626 1 1 845.5 | 691 | Topofh 1 ا‎ 1112. 6 627 x ee or Stream, 5 1 1 844.3 | 692 | Footof ni, watersedge. 1 1 1084. 3 628 | Sta 1 1 OE | 895. | Top o£ 7 1 1 1073.1 629 1 1 895.8 | 694 | Branch Topofki creek. ...| 1 1 | 1045.6 630 E 1 1 894.6 | 695 NE EUG l | 1057.6 631 1 1 903.2 | 6 , m. observation. ..... Bé وی‎ | 1084. 0 632 | Camp is bend ما‎ river 3 | 1 917.3 | 697 | Station ۲21 | 1152.7 633 Ravine bet.stations 14 & 1 1 1 903. 1 | 698 t | 1 | 1172.8 634 | Station 15 Le geg 902.3 | 699 14 i 11001 1139. 7 635 1 ] 915.0 700 15 nosi 1153.5 1 1 914.3 | 701 16 — | 1159 1 | 900.0 | 702 1. L | 1110.0 1 | .948.8 pa M o orek 20 i. P | | 1093. 1 l 970.5 | 704 | Station 19............-.| 1 | 1106. 1 í. 942.8 | 705 1 : 1135.2 1 978.0 706 23 1 i 1158.9 1 932.3 | 707 21 1 1 1132.2 1 972.0 || 708 1 1 1083, 1 908. 3 709 | Water's eet 1 ] 1075.1 1 908.0 T10 | Btation E 1 1 1103. 4 1 | 893. 3 711 vine 1 ] 100. 1 1 1 906.0 | 712 | Station 30 1 1 1149. 9 1 ] 923.3 | 713 1 ; 1133. 1 1 1 904, 6 114 Bank of pen | 1 1093.8 1 1 917.4 | 715 cree Ec 1088. 7 1 1 970.3 | 716 | Opposite bank ۰ L 1094. 5 1 | 1 | 90.1 | 717 | Stati Se gei. 1095. 0 XE LE 901.4 | 718 | We Weken 1125.7 1 1 900.7 | 719 | 43 A | | 1093.6 ہی‎ 1 931.5 | 720 | Top of bank 1 1 | 1066.9 A 1 1 876.8 | 721 | Water's edge .-.-------- | d 1. 1,4. 1054.8 65 Station 38 1 1 894.1 | 722 | Sta. 46, for NC 1 1 1066. 6 658 1 1 897.9 | 723 | Statio 1 1 1071. 4 659 id KE sta.40&41 1 1 928.7 || 724 1 1 1141. 9 زا‎ UIL ann 1 1 936.1 | 725 | Topo 1 1129. 6 661 1 1 985.8 | 726 | Betweenstations 53& 54.| 1 j 1147.9 662 ss 1 1 | 1 1 1157. 663 1 1 958.3 | 128 | Ravi 1 i 1153.0 664 | Foot d pii OIE 1 1 958. 5 729 | Top of rolling prairie....| 1 L 1165.0 665 | Statio ` 1 981.2 | 730 1 ] 1135. 6 666 1 1 972.4 131 B uA i-e 1 ] 1126.6 667 Water's edge, opp. bank. 1 1 911.1 132 Station 55 1 ] 1185. 4 668 | Station 1 1 1040. 3 733 n PUE ull 1 1 1159. 6 669 op of rid ge 1 1 1153. 0 T3t Station 57 1 1 1176.1 67 F of r dge FE 1 1131. 6 135 is! point 1 1 1174. 8 671 | Station 1 2 | 1 1223. 6 136 | Ca Topofkicreek. 2 ] 1151.8 672 1 s 1 1 1220. 2 737 و‎ e ei 0 & station 1. 1 1 1124.0 673 1 | 1 1205. 1 3 ( Hill-top -.----------| 1 | ` AS 674 2 qo opon 1176.5 | 739 |3 | Dry bed of stream... .| 1 I 1078. 3 675 š RUD OUI 1170.4 ۱ 740 |2 ی ید‎ EE 1 1 | MLS 875 4 1 | 1| 5.3 |74 | | Ravine -.-.--------. 1| 1] Hes 677 5 1 1 a o AM 1 1179. 3 é18: [Foot of hill. iL 1 1 1152.1 ¡743 'op of m. M 2 7 1202.8 679 | Camp 19, branch of To- | 4 1 1088.3 | 744 lottom B L 1167.8 ofki creek. | | 145 | Dry Scho —Q H H 1123. 8 6 Ld BR. d.c | i 1 1120.1 | 746 | Top-of Ze pU 354 t 1 1142.8 681 | Top of hill E eo Wes 1 1100604 | TAI | Top of hill.. -e iri E 1 | H97.8 68: AP A Lr: 134.2 | 748. a dd LS 683 | Water's edge. ......---- ry 17 9.7. 1749 | Station, 4.19 او سی بد‎ 1 | 1206.9 bo کے‎ Ly BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES, APPENDIX M—Continued. n W. 0 | - ei 0 2 x sg o EI o + o 3 o 4 X Sg aF fa FME: H 5 U | oe 2 2 = E £ Name of place. 2 بو | گر‎ 2 | A ° $ E Name of place. = š 3 Z 5 e ua بب 5393 | مربب | لا اپب‎ n iia که‎ E کے‎ RK اه‎ 5] See | و‎ s| š | 999 oc o o ` ۹ o2 ° 8 ° ° z AS | es 2 Ar | E 750 | Station 5 1 1 1204. 3 816 Bank of creek ] ] 1267.4 751 5 1 1 1207. 1 817 Station ei ] T 96.1 752 [ 1 1 1214.4 | 818 1 1 1443. 3 753 8 1 1 1194.7 819 Rp 25, Walnut creek.. 3 ] 1410.3 754 1 1 H 1197.5 820 Statio 1 ] 1452.1 755 12 1 1 1123.8 821 "ene dh stations 7 and 8 1 ] 1510. 7 756 13 1 1 1171.6 822 setae q Š is & 15, in gully 1 1 1478.4 751 15 1 1 1183. 4 823 Bing 20... as sua ee 1 1 1528.9 758 Ravine 1 1 1148. 2 824 1 1 1504. 7 759 | Top of hill ] 1 1164.6 | 825 072 Së 29, 1avine... 1 1491. 3 760 1 1 1149.4 "B OD. 205 991. 77277 i 1 1473. 4 761 | Station 16 1 1 1182. 8 HL NT FP] O aaa ] 1 1509. 5 762 17 T 1 1 1193. 7 PAM E i MüWacesuxcer ] H 1483. 0 763 geg x hill ] 1 1112.8 829 | Camp 26, Pani creek...| 3 ! 1402. 2 764 | Stati 1 1. | 1051.7 | 830 | Station 2 to 3, top of hill.) J] 1409. 7 765 1 1 1105.8 831. 3 1 L 1408. 2 766 Wiere 1 ra 1056. 4 832 4 1 1 1420. 2 767 | Camp N me 82 2 1083. 1 833 4 to 5, gully..... 1 1 1349. 4 768 Station ] 1 1133.0 834 6 1 1 1426. 2 169 ] 1 1120. 8 885 11 1 1 1385. 770 6 1 1 1130. 2 836 Bet, stations 17 and 18. 1 1 1455. 9 771 | Foot of slope ] 1 | 1087.0 | 837 | Stat ASA ] 1450. 9 722 | Station 7 ] 1 1100. 9 838 ود‎ be. sta's 19 & 20. 1 1314.1 118 8 i 1 1115..7 839 Station 1502. 1 714 9 1 1 1129. 6 840 Foot of së? sta. 23 to 24. 1437. 6 775 Ravine ون‎ i 1 1099. 5 841 Station 25 1408.2 776 | High bank, station 10 ...| 1 1 1114.2 | 842 ] 1432. 8 ZE Station 10 to 19, a. m.. 1 1 1141. 6 843 1 1452. 9 F 100071000618 رح ویج ےس کے من‎ 1 1 1152.8 4 mp 4 Dee creek, سے‎ d 1392.0 119 4 1 1 1141.5 845 "wd 1 1370. 8 780 15 i F. 1193.2 846 : 1 1471.1 781 | Gully. déch? 1 1172.9 847 Ravine 1 1412.9 182 | Station 16 ] 1 1193. 1 848 Station 6 1 1517. 783 Gully 1 1 1186.3 849 1 1 1 1 1599 194 | St 1 1 1202.0 || 850 etre h ] 1 1630. 2 785 i l | 1190.0 | 851 7 ehe ert 1515318..|] 1 ] 1715.2 186 1 1 1111.9 | 85 نس‎ 15 5 1 1 1731.17 787 | i 1132. 853 | Cam AT Deer ck. spring 4 1 1691.8 788 12 m., station 23....... .. ] 1 1129.8 854 Statio I 1 1746. 2 789 24 1 | 1168.0 || 855 Between stations 1 and 2.| 1 1 1724. 1 790 ا‎ 1 1 1205.3 856 Statio 1 1 1741.9 791 Z8. Vous 1 1 1221.0 857 pi 1 ] 1730. 3 792 29 1ا‎ see 1 1186.3 | 858 | Footofslope 1 1 1708. 2 793 ...- 272 1 1205. 6 859 Top of ridge 1 1741.0 19: ios 22, Little creek....| 4 1 1199.2 | 860 | Top of hill, station 5....| 1 1780.1 T ; ] 3 1228. 2 861 | Station 6 1 E 1786.8 196 ` Station A 9 22 1198.7 | 862 ) a. m 1 - 1764. 7 197 تار‎ una 1182.7 863 oot of s 1 1737. 2 798 ید تج گا‎ ۱ 1217.1 | 864 tigh See e hill, sta. 8-.. 1 1790. (Se lÚ 1 ] 1192.1 | 865 | Foot of slope i 1746.2 800 | Hill-top, station 19...... 1 1235.5 | 866 Rover point 1 1743. 8 801 | Station 20 to 21...._____ 1 ] 1201.5 867 | Station 9 1 1761.3 802 L -: 1 | 1248.5 | 868 | Foot of slope 1 1 1732.9 803 We 1 1 1263. 1 869 Station 10 1 1 1817.9 804 | Camp 23, br سا‎ ck. 5 1 1223.1 || 870 1 ] 1816. 808 | Station 2---- جج‎ 7 1 Tee (bb A A 1 1800. 7 806 | Gully bet. stations T & 8. ` ] ] 1128.3 END Deana 1 1 1785.8 807 Station 10 sock ] 1251. 8 873 ine 1 1 1756. 5 808 5 e 1 |. 1206.3 | 874 | Station 14 1 1 I 809 7 pop 1229.1 | 875 1 1774. 4 810 | Bet. stations 19 and 20.-- 1 1163.7 876 16 1 : 1758. 811 | Camp 24, Walnut creek... 3 | 1 1136.9 | 7 18 to 19, 3p. m..| 1 ] 1783. 0 812 tion 1 + 1000 feet ...| 1 1222.4 || 878 | Camp 29, Nat] Moundck. 3 LI MEAE 813 | Sta. 2 to 3, bet. hills....| 1 | 1208.9 | 8 dist. sta. 1 tosta. 2.| 1 1 1759. 2 814 | Sta. 8 eS PEN. ] P] BIST | 880 | 9a. m., station 2 ےت‎ 1 J UN. Station 13, + 700 feet. 1 1 881 117 1 1 ! 1708.4 eee roe EE et Ld rA E ne BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. 278 š gd | 3 $8 E TER. y £ Eg 58 | 83 TE i 5 3 Name of place. * x وھ‎ | & e 33 Name of place. = $3 a) 8, s= 8 | و‎ 8 | 38 [st SSE وود‎ . Š 8 | .— | Mes . S F 41,3] Bes o oS o ° ° 6 ° ° 2 AS. | 2 be A 481% D 882 e ا‎ on table-land. 1 1 1758.4 947 pepe in da: of sta. 21-1 1 1 2083. 1 883 | Station 4 1 1 1784. 8 948 8329. وس‎ 1 1 2093. 6 884 ٥ n of um, station 6..... 1 1 1821. 949 BA 1 1 2050. 6 885 Stat 1 1 1790. 8 95 Div oss 08 T. E 1 1 2341. 0 886 lav 1 1 1761.4 951 | In hollow, foot a hill - 1 1 2203. 9 887 12 m., , station 7 ۵ 8: 1 1 1784.2 tween s sta tions 31 & 3 888 | Station 1 1 1817.8 952 | Camp Zi Epsom dia Stee 1 2171.4 889 | Foot of 7 station 9.... 1 1 1824. 4 953 | Bed of c 1 1 2159. 7 890 ٤ lope, s o TI ...... 1 1 1826. 5 954 | Station 2 1 ] 2188. 5 891 | T op of hill, station 11--- 1 1 | 1819.6 | 955 4 n 1 | 2073.3 892 |f 1 1 | 1817.2 | 956 5.9: o: | 1 1 | 2105.7 893 vine 1 1 1796.8 957 ] 1 2178. 6 894 | Station 14............-. 1 1 | 1794.4 | 958 7 P 2063. 4 895 D. m., station 15.------ 1 1 1756.0 959 | station8_ 1 2064. 3% 896 |C LB 30, 0.7 creek..| .3 1 1710. 9 960 | 12 m., station 11 + 4 mile. ] ] 2150. 7 897 tatio 1 1 1727.8 961 | Station 12 ] 1 2156. 0 898 Water d EA ink 1 | 1620.5 | 962 | Ravin | ۱ | 2131.6 899 | Statio Le? | | 1751.7 | 963 | Station 16-.------------| | L | 2226.7 900 | Foot of pe -— L | 1694.8 | و‎ [|] 8 901 | Station 5 — A کراب‎ a ke 9 می‎ po eet Waterrun.| 10 | 2214. 8 vateri s edge, bet. st. Ee | a رز‎ Pe | 966 | Top of hill, station 1----- 2268.5 i of hill, station 7... a 1644.7 967 | 9 a.m., sta. 1 + 3 mile.. 2244. T ater's edge, sta. 9 & 10 1577. 9 968 | Foot of hill.....---.-.-- 2182. tation 10 1 164275 969 | Sta NEST en 2314.1 4 p. m., station near 11.. 1594. 6 970 | F An ۶109 2418.1 p 31, Comet creek...| 8 1614.0 971 | Top of hill, station 3.---- i 2500. 6 Ce = hill, station 1 to 2. 1699. 8 972 EES SE 十 200 yds. i 2524. 5 2 1691.1 973 | Statio L 2489. 910 High po 1767.0 | 974 | 12m n 5+ 1 mile. | | 2421.4 911 High nt station 7 to 8. | 1 1749.3 975 | Top ot bin, ا‎ a E 1 | 2427.0 912 D s edge 1 1 1702.8 976 | Statio 1 1 2431.5 913 2 m., 1 adv. station 9...| 1 1 1772.4 97 1 1 2296.1 914 zeg? 11 1 1 1794.3 978 | Top of table-land, sta. 16.| 1 1 2281.3 915 2 Jm 1 1 1829. 7 979 | Station 17 m. 1 | 2217.9 916 | 3 p. m 15--lmile.| 1 1 | 1866.0 980 | 19 1]. 1| "HM 917 | Bank d wë? station 18. Ki 1 1186. 2 981 | 3 p. m, station 21 ......- 1 2 2261. 2 918 | Camp 3 , Silver creek.. 3 1 1802.7 982 ully 1 2202. 3 919 Top of rm station 2. ] 1 1842. 8 983 | Gully, station 22...-...- $ 2183. 920 | Ravine, +00099 7 1 1 1821.0 984 1 2174.5 921 | Top of bih didi 5. 1 1 1830.0 985 | Station 25 1 2156. 1 922 cree ] 1684.7 986 26 1 2155. 7 923 a. m., puo ie 0 2. ees 1 : 1819.3 987 | Camp 36, Canadian river.| 3 2162.6 924 | Highest point..........- ] 1827.9 988 | Station 1 1 2207.6 925 Station 9, ] 1808. 6 989 | Station 1 + 13 miles...| 1 le 12. 926 | Water's edge, sta. 13 614 1 ] 1680. 2 990 | Foot of hill 1 1 2187. 6 927 | Top vá Er station 15.. 1 ] 1752.0 991 |. 1 ] 2252. 6 928 | Statio 1 ] 1791.4 902 | Station 3....-....----- 1 ] 2137. 6 929 ] ] 1702.7 993 | 9 a. m, bet. s 3&4 1 ] 2147. 6 930- | Water's edge .....--.-..- ] 1 1697. 7 994 | Top ——Q salon í tf H 2246. 3 931 | 3 p. e, station 19....... ] 1 1783.6 5 | nw 1 1 2151.4 932 | Camp 33, Oak creek..... 2 1 | 1748.3 1 1 | 2140 933 | Station 3 1 1 1877.6 i 1 1 2192. 0 934 8 + 1 mile..... ] l 1930. 4 ٤ | 1 1 2205.1 935 7 1 1995.8 99 E 10 1 1 | 2276.7 936 11 ] 1 1845. 2 sandy bed 1 1 | 2258.3 937 12 ۱ 1 1 1838. 6 | 1] 1 f 3901.4 938 lt- [ 1 1927.4 2 | In sandy bed 1 1 | 2235.9 939 | Between 1 1 1937.0 || 1003 P 1 2321. 9 940 | Station 2 سب‎ bf lll... os 1 1 2005. 1 1 H 2215.3 941 1 1 2032. 7 05 E 1 2319. 942 n i d 1 2033.3 | 1 p 1 2248. 943 L 1 1 | 2033.9 1 1 | 2307.7 944 | Hollow E sta. 18 € 19.. | 1 2016.5 3 1 2319. 1 945 | Highest pt. of ridge be- 1 1 | 2089.1 1 1 | 2378.2 tween stations 19 & 20. 1 1 2359. 9 946 | 2 p.m., bet. stas. 20 & 21.1 1 1 2125. 7 1 1 2396. 5 ë Fall of river, from this point to Shawnee villag o رو‎ at the rate of fivé feet per mile. 35 m 274 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M-—— Continued. 7 1۱ H U ~ ' D ۳۹ L - a i eg | $ | v8 ° gg | ۵ =o ES و | وه‎ Ža 8 3g ŽE ER Name of place. که‎ SS SH o EK Name of place. چپ و تھچ‎ 8 e s= to DOM E. 229 بب‎ te + Kë wos E VM IET | اق او و‎ $48 . S las. = : ۱ E 3 E GER = ۶ ws |Z = 1012 | Ravine | ax | a | 3356.6 | 1072 | Station 14 SE i129 sss: 1 1 3041.0 101: A of river | oup. 22. 1 073 1 1 | 3094. 1014 | 12 m., station 16........ edet] 381.2 | 1074 | 3p. m. ما‎ 19--Pmile 1 ] 3202. 1 1015 Top of ii ced Ma. PI 2433.8 | 1075 | Statio 1 1 3243. 5 1316 EE E | 1 | 1 | 2447.0 || 1076 i | 1 | 3275.9 101 alley 1 1 2450. 8 1077 E pt., station’ 22 dag, mile 1 ] 3219.2 4619. | Btatiod 21... 2... 2025 | 1 1 | 2468.0 || 107 station 25 ...... 1 1 | 3146.3 1019 | Dry water- 1 1 2462. 3 1079 6n 42, White Sali ck. 8 ] 3184. 1 1020 | T op « of f spur, er 24... 1 1 | 2476.0 | 1080 tion 1 1 ] 3257.7 1021 | Sta mr 1 | 2465.8 | 1081 1 ] 3326. 8 1022 | In vid eae | 1 2479.0 | 1082 1 ] 3321. 2 [ 1023 | 3 p. m., station 30 ...... | 1 1 2504. 8 1083 | Ht. pt. Be: rem 4&5) 1 ] 3332. 7 1024 | Statio n 32 1 1 | 2493.7 | 1084 | Gully, statio n 5 to 6..... 1 3294. 7 1025 b: og 1 | 3459 8 - | 1085 | Top of hill... ec 72 1 ] 3318. 8 1026 Pokies. mo. of Wineck.| 3 ‘1 | 2454.4 | 1086 | 12 m., station 11 ......- 1 ] 3388. 8 1 PEOR 2 1 oan 1 1 2434.3 | 1087 Half-way, station 11 to 12 1 1 3364. 9 1028 | 9 a. m, station 4 ....... kes; ta 1 ] 3319.4 1029 | Station 5 (20 1 | 2420.0 | 1089 emi sand-bed. ......... 1 1 ^ 8273.0 103 EHI 2402. 7 1090 | 3 p. m., station 1822222: 1 1 3254. 5 1031 | In valley تو‎ E 2411.4 1091 | Camp 43, Shady creek... 3 1 3264 1032 | Station H El. DU 1 1 | 2448.9 | 1092 | Top of spur.... .-.. .-.- 1 1 | 3381.2 1033 1 1 | 2437.8 | 1093 SEEN bet, sta.3&4,9a.m| 1 1 | 3380.8 1034 1 1 | 2487.1 | 1094 | Stat 1 ] 3429. 9 1035 | 12m., sation 16+} mile 1 1 | 249).2 | 109 1 1 3488. 9 1036 | Station 1 1 | 2509.9 | 1096 | In golly - 1 ] 3426.4 1037 | In e 1 1 487.1 | 1097 | Bed of cr 1 ] 3390. 9 1038 Ts 39, mo. of Valley riv. 4 1 2505. 5 1098 | 12 m., 87 12 1 1 3490. 4 1039 | Bed of river, bet. stations 1 f 2478. 0 1099 | Statio: 1 1 3518.8 | 3&4. | 1100 pneus Amarillo, sta. 16.| 1 ] 3403. 2 1040 | Station 7 1 | 1 | 2513.5 | 1101 | Station 2 1 ] 3536. 0 1041 9 1-1: 1 | 2531.0 | 1102 |3p.m, dis ` BEE 1 ] 3500. 5 1042 | 12 m., station 13 ....... 1 | 1 2541. 6 BOB OGY cL 1 ] 3526. 2 1043 | Station E SE Kat 1 2566.1 | 1104 | Top of hill 1 3515. 9 1044 | oe n 2642.2 | 1105 "E lana 1 3460. 6 1045 26 + 1 | 2645. 1106 | Cp. 44, Beautiful View cr.-| 3 3404. 7 1046 P 1 | 2657.4 | 1107 | Lowest pt. bet. 1 3391 1047 120 ES back from sta- ` 1 1 | 2679. 110 w point .2-... 924022] 1 3421. 5 | 1109 | Station 3 1 3518.9 1048 Station ARE ۳ 1 | 2670.8 | 1110 1 3524. 3 1049 | Camp 40, near mouth of | 3 1 2677.8 | IIH | Top of mesa جج نے ہے‎ :: 1 3510. 7 Spring creek. | 1112 Bari, station Tio Bh o 3497.1 1050 | Station 3 1 1 | 2654.2 | 1113 | Statio; 1 1 3533.5 1051 | 9 a. m. EN 1 2695.4 | 1114 | 9 a. m., atm sta. 8 and 9 1 ] 3543. 9 ee RT یر‎ -| 1 1 | 2691.0 | 1115 | Station n RE NER quom 1 3530. 3 1053 1 1 | 2725.0 | 1116 1 | | 3596.8 10, 1 L. HE یں‎ G O oct 1 1 | 3588.2 1055 | Water's edge 1 1 | 2731.8 | 1118 | Station 15 1 1 | 3649.5 1056 | Station 12.............. 1 1 | 2757.7 | 1119 | Ravine 1 ] 3625. 9 1057 | 12 m. 1 1 | 2770.1 | 1120 | Ravine, station 17....... 1 1 3017.3 1058 | 18. 1 1 | 2814.9 | 1121 | Highe est point, station 1931 8 : 3753. 7 1059 | Top of hill, station 21 -... 1 1 2875.0 | 1122 | 3 p. m., station 20...... 1 3804. 1060 24... 1 1 2791.1 | 1123 | ) ‘amp 45, re 3 3111.9 1061 NE. e 1 1 | 2826.9 | 1124 | Station ٦ ) 8885.5 106 p. m., station 28 ...... "E 1 | 2816.8 | 1125. 1 1 | 3953.0 1063 | In sandy gully.......... 1 1 | 2822.0 | 1126 5 1 | | 3919.6 1064 | Top of hill — 1 1 2906.4 | 1127 1 1 | 3936. 1 1065 | Foot ofhills...--.......| 1 1 44. 1128 | 9 a. m., station 12, En- | 1 1 | 7 (066 | Camp 41, C. nriver?- 2 1 2846. 9 pmen k. hd 1067 | Station 1 اہ تا‎ 1 | 2795.2 | 1129 | 12 m., station 15........ 1 1 | 4018.2 1068 | 9 a. m., station 2 ----- ma | 1 2824.0 || 1130 | Station 16 1 1 3990. 1069 | Station 8 کے‎ 1 | 2836.6 | 1131 17 1 1 | 4013.8 1070 | Gully ES 1 | 3859.7 | 1182 18 1 1 | 3985. 1071 ! 12 m., station 10 ......- ist 1 2884.3 | 1133 19 X: 1 4008. 4 * Fall of river from camp 41 to camp 34, seven feet per mile. تنس ده جر —— AG‏ مس مت سی ہشیت Ñ i I 1 No. of barome- ter station Name of place. No. of observa- tions at station. No. of barome- BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. ters used. Station 20 E PERRA Stati 26 E Camp 46, Rocky Dell erk.- Prairie, station 3 Ravine, bet. sta. 4 and 5- ion 6 | hili 787٣ |‏ و Station 15 |‏ | 1 ee 48, br. of Fossil cr . 6 19 Pe جت‎ 3 p. m., station 21 ------| | Station 22----------- vn 47, C de Truxillo | Ht. pt., statfon 2.......- = water 2 to 3, Halt creek Statio 12 m., "station ھی کا‎ &- Station Ravine 2 Station 9 p.m In water E Gull | Station 1 سےا‎ pea METH | Ravine, stain 13 m 14. e Station Station ILL B. riis 9 a. m., st. 2 Top of bank ^ Station 3 In water of Fossil creek. - tation 7 rn.” 12 m., station 10......--. را ی‎ Al, pd of Tucum- ek, 1st branch. Station EE ] Sta. 13, wisa, 2d br.- ] Station ¿ T uua quee i od 1 Camp 49, Tucumcari cr 下 - 3 gine, o E E دج‎ AM Station ما لا‎ sss nen 9a m., station 3..------ Bindon 4l lam Sata‏ = اس ا سو سی کا mm mees E‏ سے ہو em‏ ہے Kai = = bat = = = Kai F A ed ed = — پر‎ = ba ba = = = = bi bi تر‎ bai bi QU ed مو = = تر تریر = = = — — تر 9 فا‎ e P: سر‎ en سر مر‎ en Kä kat kat kat bai EF E E E E bai سر‎ ta Fi = bel kel kel kel سم ہیر‎ | اس ہر ہر تر سرپ = = بر پر رب ki = ki = bal bai = = bai bai bal‏ = اس( Fei F‏ نس سز لو اس( above mean Height, in feet, tide. APPENDIX M—Continued. No. of barome- ter station | == بت‎ Pi => = === 9 bo b2 ee جح‎ = ccc Ss ا‎ Š 48 ER B| وک‎ Name of place. 23 E 8 | 3 uB | *< m EG SS |56 555 ۲و | وه‎ | 349 emu kee E | Station : 1 1 4605. 8 1 1 22.0 1 1 4613. 6 3 p. m., می‎ 2 1 1 | 4590.2 ec 50 dom. Corea 3 1 4587.5 Hiab t. oe 1 1 4631. 3 E 1 1 4727. 1 4 1 1 4774. 9 5 1 1 TILT 9 s. mi., station 6....... 1 1 4780.5 Dry a? -course, from 1 1 4667.3 —€— 8 to 9. Statio 1 1 4124.1 ES: 1 | 4661.9 Water in Laguna, sta. 14 1 | 1 4637.7 12 mis Ex ot 4114. 5 Station 16 1 | 4748. 3 17 1 | 4842.1 p.m 1 | | 4875.9 Station 1 L 4869.7 ter-cours 1 L 4803. 5 Camp 51, Arroyo Cuerbito 3 L 4848 4 ie bed of cr 1 d 4879.8 Top of hill, arti 2.25% 1 5021.2 De 1. 1 4T. Station 5 al 5056. 0 7 1 5099. 4 13 1 4992. 8 12 m., station 14.......- 1 5051. 2 In bed of creek — دم‎ 1 1 4987.6 Top of bank, station 17..| 1 1 5024. 0 amp 52, Hurrah creek---| 9 1 5047. 0 Station 2 SS | | 5116.3 in Rocky creek ---...-.- 1 | 1 5210. 6 Station 4 1 1 5419. 9 6 11 14 8 T 1 1 5485. 5 9 a. m., station 8 ....-.- 1 L 5514 1 1 5496.1 f 1 1 12. Rio Gains station 15. . 1 1 8. M 1 1 5425. 0 ] 1 d 5436. Camp 53, Chuponas sp Ei A 5463. 6 ] ‘lain oi Las Chuponas- £. al A 1 5448.1 P 1 1 5492. 6 Station 2, wes EE 1 1 5632.1 1 1 5501. 6 9 a. m., station Sects 1 1 5480. 1 Station 1 T 5341. 6 Bed of me Pécos. 2 میب‎ is H 1 5320. 1 Camp 54, Anton Chico... “11 ] 5312.8 Sta; 1 1 ] 5396.5 9 a. m., Station 2....--— 1 | ' 5456. 2 Hill, stations 3 to 4------ 1 L 5564. DION lo + > 1 T 5638. 6 1 1 5111.3 On hill, station 7........ E 5753. 0 Station 8 1 5809. 7 d 1 5870. 4 1 L 5860. 1 Highest cem ve i 1 L 5939. 8 12 m., dem tion 12,----.-- E L 5918. 5 Station 13. دع ات مان تا مت‎ 1 | 5947.2 ; 1 1 5960. 9 U 276 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M— Continued. p | Sach 1 5 dl; [ga |ë Es lá PO o ۳ pe c ۴ P d eo | او‎ Ša | و2‎ 53 | Ey £ z Name of place. a° | کر‎ Ta EE Name of place, en a ہے کی‎ E ہے گا .9 و هو 2 بب‎ Ë ہے‎ 2 Ze "2*8 aaa | °x WARE E | 3 | 63 Š 1 z Esja | a Z | 1262 | Station 16 1 1 6144. 6 1324 | Hollow, 500 yards back of 1 1 126 17 1 1 6078.3 | station 10. 1264 | Ht. pt., d 19, 十 200 yds 1 1 22.0 | 1325 | Station 10 1 1 1265 | Station 1 1 | 6220.7 | 1326 | Hollo 1 1 1266 | Valey, e Ia 1 1 6239.4 || 1327 Top. = um station 11. 1 1 1267 | Station 24 1 1 6328. 1 1328 | Stati 1 1 1268 25 1 1 6332. 8 1329 | +3 a bet. 12 and 13.. E 1 1269 29 1 1 | 6423.5 | 1330 | 十 200 yards 1 1 121 1 1 6394.2 | 1331 | + 300 yards 1 1 1271 | Bed of Mis. OU 1 1 6303. 9 1332 | Station 14 1 1 1272 | Camp 55, Cañon Blanco. - 2 1 6320. 0 133 Em 1 1 1273 Statin 1 1 6328. 0 1334 1 1 1274 | 9 a. m., station 4........ 1 1 6380.0 | 1335 RES iul station 16....| 1 1 1275 | Station 5 £ 1 6367.0 133 im mile 1 1 1276 ۱ ` 1 1 6349.0 1337 | Station 1 1 1 1277 1 1 6412.0 | 1338 ee station 18. ...... 1 1 1278 | Valley, s Notion W O Ol 22 1 1 6461.0 | 1339 mp 58, San Antonio... 8 1 1279 | Valley, station 10------- Sek 1 6519.0 | 1340 T T miii in hollow ..... 1 1 1280 روا‎ ne Ti laquta 4 1 6541. 0 1341 | Statio 1 E 1281 | Statio 1 1 6569. 0 1312 | +4 ane. یپ‎ pomme 1 1282 Highest p station 17. 1 1 6943. 0 1343 | 十 200 yard 1 1 1283 | Camp 56, Blanca_| 6 2 6796. 3 1344 | Statio 1 1 128 le 1 1 6738. 0 134 ; Sas 1 1 1285 | 1 mile back from X..... 1 1 6795.2 | 1346 | + 1 mile p 1 1286 1 1 6764. 4 1347 | Station 4 2 1 1287 | + 4 mile 1 1 6777.6 1548 5 1 1 1288 | 十 800 feet 1 1 6746. 8 134 + 1 mile 1 1 1289 | Station 1 1 1 6154. 5 1350 | Station 6 1 1 1290 | + 1 mile 1 | 1 | 6701.7 | 1351 7 rir . 1291 | 十 mile 1 1 | 6731.4 | 1352 8 1 1 1292 1 1 6695.1 | 1353 9 1 1 1293 | Highest point 1 1 6768.8 | 4 10 1 H 1294 1 1 6518. 0 1355 11 1 1 1295 | Station 2 1 1 6523.5 || 1356 12 1 1 1296 | 299, rev. beyond station 2. Eo T 1 6528. 9 1357 13 T 1 1297 | Undulatin ng prairie.......| 1 1 6477: 3 1358 14 1 1 1298 | 1 1 6411.3 1359 | 1 mile back of station 15.| 1 1 1299 | mile 1 1 | 6372.8 | 1360 | 4-250 yards 1 1 1300 | Station 3 ] 1 6306. 8 1301 BEN EE 1 1 1301 | + 1 mile 1 1 6279.3 156 1 1 1302 ] 1 6306. 8 1363 ile in acequia. .... 1 1 303 1 1 6245. 2 1364 | Station us e dix mons. 1 1 1304 | Top of hill, station £... 1 1 6213.8 1365 1 1 1305 | H : 1 1 | 6235.8 | 136 1 1 1306 | + 150 yards- 1 1 6255.1 1367 | Camp e 2۳۳ -| 254 2 1307 | + 1 mile 1 1 6221. 0 1248 | Anton Chico occ El 1 1308 | Station 7 1 1 6229. 8 13 + 4 miles, eg of bere Ss 1 309 | Camp 4 San Pedro Pass.| 3 1 6251.1 1369 | +8 miles, 3d summ 1 E 1310 | + $m 1 H 6215.0 near Caiion Blanco. 1311 | + Et "ex Ps hus. 1 1 6373. 8 1370 | Valley at La Cuesta ..... 1 1 1312 | + 3 mile | 1 6381. 2 137 op of measa on edge of 2 1 1313 1 بویت‎ 1 1 382. bluff overlooking the 1314 نے رت‎ 1 1 | 6419.1 valley. 1315 | + 3 mile in ie EUR l | 6413.3 | 1283 | Camp 56, Laguna Blanca.| 8 2 1316 i T Le 1 1 1372 | Station 6 1 1 1317 1 6416. 1 137 1 1318 d ; e Mee c 1 | 6449. 1374 | Valley, station 7 ....... 1 1319 xa Li c e 1 6459. 5 1375 | Hea م2‎ e Galisteo - 1 1820 ch LI 1 | 6640.7 | 1376 | Galisteo village. سے‎ 3 spe 1 | 6548.6 | 1377 | s Ce clase 2 Hun Lowest point, + i mile | 1 | 6534.6 | 1878 | Dianat ہے‎ se d = د‎ 1 1328 | Hill station 9 ........-- E L 1 6547.5 || 1379 : es, of Rio Galisteof ..| 1 ; * Results derived from a reconnoissance from Anton Chico, via Galisteo s eem T Rate of Gei of Rio del Norte from Teta Bane to Albuquerque, 37 poles 6 r$ feet per mile. .. Bate of fall of Rio del Norte from mouth of Rio Galisteo to Albuquer ue, 33 miles, 6.4 feet per mile. above mean Height, in feet, tide. RESO e S UE A WEE 0+ no ~ 了 ~ 了 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M-—Continued. D H E: >g [ | E | ۲ > B EB IB | $i Ba ۶ 5 ۱ | ii EK Name of place. ےہ وہ‎ 8 AT. Name of place. EE | £2 | 4 + E we H | we Ë P ga | waup | ee s š و | $38 | 3 اه‎ | IRAK 2 Salm | ۵ Z | ۶ 8 | | ۵ 1380 | Santo Domingo, bank of 2 1 5191.2 - | sta Betis 1 1 | 5612.6 Del Nor 1 1 | 5560.1 1381 | San Felipe, station 2, 50 1 3 5220. 8 v 1 LA 6610.3 abo rj 1434 top of hill----| 1 5634. 1382 "Seier? top of bluff bank 1 1 5366.0 | 1435 | 1 5652.9 1383 | Zandiat 2 1 5056.3 | 1436 | Sandy hollow 1 | 6619.1 1367 Albuquerque سس‎ di 254 2 5026. 1 1437 | Station 16-------------- 1 La 5646. 1 1399 | Islet 2 2 4946.6 | 1438 | D 1 5575. 5 1367 | Camp 59， Alimquerque | 254 | 2 | 5026.1 | 1439 t m 5617. 1384 | Camp 60, Atrisco ------|------ | 1 | 5033.1 || 1440 | NP | | 5616.9 1385 ne bridge e, station 1 | | 1| 1 | 504.6 | 1441 | 18 SI | | 5642.9 1386 | Sta | 1 | 1 | 5042.2 | 1442 | Between stations 18 & 19. -| 1 | | 5632.1 1387 We Se 5023.8 | 1443 | Station F 1 l 5677.5 1388 ^ FL ee 5021.4 1444 | Camp 63, nefrruins, Rita) 14 1 5556. 3 1389 | Bar. sta | 1 | 1 | 5000.0 | 1445 | Station 3,topbankofriv.| 1 l | 5563.9 1390 | Bar. sta VE | ] 5087.6 | 1446 | In bed of river ] ] 5515. 1 1391 | Station 1 1 4960.2 | 1447 | Station 5 1 1 5587. 5 1392 | Bridge of acequia..-..-- ] 4966. 8 1448 | + | | 622 | | 4967.4 || 1449 9, + 100 yards. - | | 5101. 9 1 | 1 | 4945.0 | 1450 | 9a. m. C. ....-------- | 5171.1 ا ا‎ o S | 4938. 6 1451 | Station 11-------------- | 5700. 3 Vë 4917.2 452 12, — 100 yards. . ۱ 5655.4 š 4907.8 | 1453 1 5739.6 398 | D 4931.4 || 1454 [ 5112. 6 1399 | Isleta magnetic station ..| ` 1 4946.6 | 1455 8 5106. 6 1400 | Station : : 4956.6 | 1456 9 5140.5 1401 4985.6 | 1457 20 |. 5774.3 1402 | Camp em on river bank, S 1 4909. 6 1458 22 ۱ 5822.8 near Isle ta. 1459 Ë aue db pure bee | 5890. 2 1403 | Bar. o? 1 1 4952.5 | 1460 25 | 5843. 2 1404 | + im 1 1 4938.1 | 14 T t3 | 5874. 9 1405 ed A GES L 1 5013.6 | 1462 | 64, Covero ------ 4 L | 5879.8 1406 1 Mem 1 5069.7 | 1463 | Statio 1 5930. 7 1407 illud. P hb DRE. | 14d | 3 5924. 4 1408 | Top of bluff, bar. sta----| 1 L | ۵۵6۵ | 1۸۵6۱ ۰ : AMA ee 5880. 7 1409 | Bar. ۱ A ee 5061.0 | 1466 | F LA mile u... 1 ] 5885. 4 1410 eon Oto دب‎ elles 1 1 5082. 2 1467:4 یں‎ ss EL o e eon RE 1 5841.3 1411 E. acce -— 5280.9 | 8 5 1 [| 5890.0 1412 E 4- 100 yards aii کے‎ 5264.3 || 1469 6 1 | | 5884.6 1413 2; عم سس سو‎ pom 1 4. 4 1470 | 7 20 yards 1 E 5861.8 1414 | 2, 十 8 1 5273. 1 1471 | £ T 1 5878.6 1415 F + mide 6421. . 1 5335.2 | 1472 | Gully, station K -------- 1 5927.3 1416 مہ لم و‎ 1 5403.6 | 1473 | § n 8 1 5955. 2 1417 I 1 587 1474 | Top of hill, station 9 ---- 1 5971. 1418 SE 1 5425.1 1475 | Station 11 1. 6015. 4 1419 3 1 1 5550. 2 1476 1 Lp.m... 1 E 6026. 8 1420 3, + 3 mile ---- 1 ] 5518. 9 1477 | Station 14 1 1 6032.7 1421 5 Dub. dee | 1 ] 5515.9 1478 5 1 3 6048. 5 1422 | Camp 62, Rio oer 2 ] 5222.3 | 1479 了 1 1 6103. 9 1423 | Rio Puerco, in me of ri 1 ] 5192.7 1480 8 1 | 6103. 2 1424 | Top w i 1 | 5210.3 | 14811. 9 1 1 | 6136.6 1425 ci om (OE SE OE ae | 1 ] 5269.9 1482 | Camp 65, Hay becht Ae 3 H 6080. 9 1426 E l 1 | 5326.3 | 1483 | N. 40° W., 20 miles to 1 1 6723.4 1427 3 L d 1 | 5472.0 Bivouac | 1428 6, highest a 1 1 5647.1 1484 | N. 309 W., 2 miles to 1 1 6852. 5 1429 T, still higher - -- 1 | 5681.5 Agu : 1430 8, 4-100 yds., the 1 | 5105.4 1485 | N. 30? W., 3 miles to near 1 I 6874. 9 very highest pt. head of Rio del Gallo. *: Rate of fall of Rio del Norte from San Domingo to GE 32 miles, 5.3 feet per mile. Rate of fall del Norte, 26 miles, 5.6 feet 1 of § Rate of fall of Rio del Norte, 14 miles, 5.4 feet per siis. Mean rate of fall of Rio Grande between Peiia Blanca and ta, Däi, feet mile p The سس اسر یہ‎ 62 is deduced from corresponding observations made i z the valley of the Rio Gran de. ER te data for eg? from Hay Ed Pe? Capmbell's pass of the Sierra Madre, to Zuñi, were obtained 278 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. 0 0 ۰ | 1 ^£] 0 | 1 2 0 ad g o ë = o | “4 o ë = ° SS ES po | ای‎ 58 Fg ge | و‎ | > O + D = ye 5 و‎ | E53 SS HE Ham ES ت | 8 ه‎ | = = | sf "و | وه‎ | sae zm “= < m < | Arle = | 1486 | W.N.W.12milestosum- | 1 1 | 6952. 0 1529 | Station 4! L 1 17871. 7 mit of Campbell's pass. | 1530 51 1 I pTT902;,9 1487 | W. 6 miles to Laguna Car- E. 151 6622. 0 1531 1 1 |17940.7 ricito. 1532 EE 1 1 17889. 4 1488 | Fort Defiance 1 1 6860. 0 1533 71 1 16 1489 | Ojo del Poso £ 1 6400. 0 1534 8! 1 1 $8006. 8 1604 | Camp 70, near Pueblo de | 158 2 6336.5 | 1535 Lë 1 1 |17925.8 0 e 1536 101 1 1 17928. 4 1367 EE Ee 254 2 5026. 1 1537 xim 1 J 17924.2 1490 | Camp 60! CoL Airisto سس سے‎ 1 5026.1 1527 1 1 7892. 5 1491 | Station i foot of ridge. 1 1 5026.1 | 1538 13 -+ 100 yards ..| 1 ] 7899. í valley o: of Rio Grande. 1539 t., 1 ] 7801.7 | 1492 | Station 2, on slope of hill d 1 5095. 4 1540 5 1 1 7789. 3 1493 | Station 3, foot of steep 1 1 5595. 2 1541 M 1 ] 7772.5 luff of ridge. 1542 T 1 ] 1152.4 j 1494 | Station 4, top of ridge...| 1 1 5156.9 || 1543 8 1 ] 7131.8 1495 5, on mesa ......| 1 1 5821.4 | 1544 E 1 ] 7728.7 1496 | 1 | 1 | 6862.9 | 9 1 l | 7687. 1497 | | 1 | 5900.1 | 1546 20 1 1 7629.1 1498 A ect Gion Eq. si. SENS 5315.8 1547 2] 1 1 7510.5 Pue | 1548 | 22 Mes ] 7528. 1409 1 pong 1 | 5394.0 1549 L en 1 1453.3 1500 2 5 ای‎ | 5443.3 || 1550 23 Käl ] 7460.7 1501 1 Loo 1 | 5331.3 1551 | 24 و‎ 1 7451. 6 1502 6 | 1 1 | 5524.2 1552 | 25 sal ] 1393. 0 1503 | Camp 621, El Alamo, |...... ۱: 1 | 6801.1 | 15584 26 1 1 7313.9 or Sheep' 8 springs. | 1554 | 3 p. m., Zug Si 9 1 1398. 9 1444 | Camp 63, in valley near | 14 1 5556.3 1555 | Statio. 1 ] 7392.0 ruins of Rita. 1556 1 1315.2 1504 | Station 15, e? E hill ~ 228 -1 1 5835. 6 1557 B 1 1 7321.6 1505 | Station 16, o 1 1 5726.4 | 1558 29 1 ] 7371: 3 una. 1559 ei 1 ] 1346.8 1506 | Camp 631, 2 mile W. of |...... i 5132.7 156 1 s 1325. 6 1561 eed sion RE ] ] 7219. 7 1482 | Camp 65, Hay Gub. s. 1 1 6080.9 | 1562 , El Moro 2 ] 7231.8 07 | 9a. -— station B Lo dd 1 1 6252.8 1563 om ر ای‎ 1 ] 7214.6 1508 | Station H I 1 6351.0 || 1564 | ] ] 7195.8 1509 | 12 m., r to 14, station I| 1 1 6439.3 | 1565 | 9.30 a. m., station P ....| 1] ] 7178.1 1510 | Station WR É 1 6589. 1 1566 | Station ] ] 7207.7 1511 سم‎ 2 station La. 1 1 6625. 7 1567 2 ] ] 7226.3 1512 | Stati 1 1 6771.3 | 1568 Mica.) ] ] 7115. 6 1513 1 1 6854. 2 1569 = 1 1 7229. 4 1514 m 1 6975.6 | 1570 R ] 7138. 0 1515 T Ze E. slope of Sier- 3 1 1031.1 1571 E 7156. 6 |. ra Madre. 1572 £ 7186.2 1516 Station 1 + 100 yds. top 1 1 7098. 9 1573 š 710 of hill. 1574 ] 7058. 4 1517 | Sunrise, station 3 ------- d 1 7239.3 | 1575 7058. 3 1518 | Station K سس ہے تک‎ 1 1 | 7341.8 | 1576 : 7007. 6 ۱ 1519 | Betw. 14 & 15, station L.| . 1 1 7692.8 | 1577 | 12 m., station 6 وت سے‎ ; 3 6986. 7 1 1520 | Camp 67, Agua 9 0 5 1 7757. 1 1578 | Station V 3 ] 6955. 8 i 1521 مس‎ j l 27 1 1 q 9 | 1579 Ww 3 ] 6917.2 1522 | Foot of m station S. rr X 1 |17864.3 | 1580 7 š : 6855.5 1523 | Station X 1 | +7968.5 1581 H J 1 | 6766.8 152. 1 1 | 8076.0 1582 d I ] 6705. 7 ۰ 1525 | 7 Ge 4 Í 1 |18019.6 | 1583 | 8 | 1 6615.5 1526 8 وت‎ 1 16 1584 1 6597.8 1527 11..... 228 1 1 | +7892.5 | 1585 Carl 6 7 Ojo del Pescado! 5 1 | 6551.5 1522 5. foot. of hill ۔۔‎ 2٤ 1.58 1586 | Statio: | 6581.8 1528 3! E i 1 |17857.0 | 1587 a: 4 MS 96.7 * Data for profile from 0+ 7 the usually travelled road to Pueblo de la Laguna. oad. j Data for a profile over the crest of the Sierra Madre ره‎ dui دک وسر‎ SE road at station 11. (See notes of survey.) by ascending a ravin rig sta , and entering BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. 279 No. of barome- ter station. Name of place. No. of observa- tiors at station. No. of barome- ters used. | Station 1 12 m., station 4 Station x Ë:‏ کک و تچ م وھ Camp 70, Zuñi river..... Top of mesa, station 1... Station En Camp n, “Arch spring---- Station = ye | Camp 72, ves Forest... | Statio مر مر ہر ون ہر e‏ ہر d‏ تر ہر پر e E EA‏ نے م ba REA‏ ہر kat‏ نر ج Station nubere ۴ e mm mm mm mm mm mm Kai ki ki Fi bai Fe سم‎ Fei bai Fa سر‎ Fei Fa D b سر لس‎ OO Fi نس(‎ = سم‎ ka ta kat bai ba = = bi bi ba bai = ed کے‎ = = — DO = = = = = تر تر سم نے اس‎ e پر نر تر‎ e + ¿ a cdd RUE EE, Mu ped رت اس‎ fed bad‏ ہج Lab‏ بے وو د a mean above Height, in feet, tide. - PS 0 | "er? | | - $ agit | £1 SÉ و‎ | Bu] “8 Êg Name of place. | 28 | EE | Ze U دورد 98۱ | 8و و‎ و‎ leia] x z laa | ۱ ti | | I | | 1654 | Station 2 port | 1 | 5967.0 1655 B Ae 1 | 63. 6 1656 | 12 m., Venten Cal lk | 1 1 64.7 1657 | Statio Lud 1] 5771.8 1658 | 1 1 699. 7 1659 e W- 1 | 5643. 7 1660 ven اکر‎ 74, Bag më springs. | 5 | 1 | 5665.5 1661 | Statio gs Ge 1 20449 1662 Ne | 1 | 5594.3 1663 4 Load 3] 5502.3 1664 5 l| .^a|^ چ8‎ 1665 | 12 m., station C........- | 1]| 1 | 5564.0 1666 | Station 7 1 | 1 | 5702.4 1667 |: * 1 | 5689.0 1668 9 | pels ۶ءء‎ 1669 | 3 p. m., station L......- h sel 5662. 1 1670 | Stati 1 5104. 1671 ns of river, station 12.| 1 607 1672 | Camp 75, Carrizo creek...| 4 | | 5550.1 1673 | Station A 1 1 5122.4 101€ 113 m; station را‎ oss; z: 1 ] 5713.1 1675 | Station 2 1 5717.0 1676 5, in bed of str... 1 ; 5632. 9 1677 1 1 5656. 6 1678 7 t: 5732. 0 1679 8 1 5735. 9 1680 1 5696. 9 1681 | 3 p. m., station ےد : کا‎ 1 | | 6619.4 1682 Ge p 16, pun بر‎ we وسر‎ 4 1 5499. 9 dron creek. 1683 | Station 1 1 1 5365. 5 1684 | 12 m., station P...-....-- | J 1 | 5838.4 1685 | Sta 5 pow | 1 | 5315.3 1686 6 ear poa 5293. 2 1687 | Mesa, 3 p. m., station T- 151 9 1688 | Station 1| & | 9 1689 | Bed of Ae arroyo, st'n V-| 1 1 5249. 0 1690 | Statio 1 1 | 5190. 1691 1 1 | 5176.4 1692 | Sunset, adhd دج > دون‎ 1 1 | 5149.1 1693 | Camp 77, — Cas Puerco 8 T 5110. 6 of the 1694 | Station "em 1 ] 5180.7 1695 9 1 ] 5163, 1696 1 1 | 5098.4 1697 | 12 m. 1 sain E. s.s: 1 1 | 5145.5 1698 | Statio 1| 1 | 5100.0 1699 Po 1:] 4156.6 1700 1} 1 Î 500.3 1701 | Dry bed, + 120 بر‎ 1-1 1 | 5032. 4 1702 Camp 78, val. of Flax ri Get"? 5015.7 1703 | Station b- 5071. 6 704 5 i 5033. 1705 2 l| 413908817 1706 D 1 FF 5010.5 1 3p. m., station 8.......| 1] E] 497 1708 | Station 11 3 1 4899.9 1709 1 | 4872.9 1710 | Camp 79, p of Flax riv.| 3 1 801.7 1711 | Station 4815. 1 1712 | 12 m., سے‎ RB EE 4810.7 171 Station Bosco 0n d | 4162.2 1714 n 80, val. of Flax riv. 5 | 4735. 1715 | Sta 1. n 1 L|] 1 iG) 4. Uor | 474.5 1717 s4 و‎ | 1] T | 48H. 280 BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. : ۵ ء‎ | 由 8 由 3d | ° x F HENEI F ا‎ Él ° 2s = | 5.9 ne = 3 = Name of place. $3 | 3 E | 8 a 2 E Name of place. qe jS E a. gs IA وی | 5 و کرو‎ | 953 Ek g | El 929 | $ .2|.8| mas e E Le KK ec g 6 | و‎ 3 A Aria | = A AB | m= 1718 | 12 m., station 6......... 1 1 4757. 3 1775 | Camp 91, Leroux's spring- 41 2 7378. 4 1719 | Camp 81, val. of Be riv. 10 2 4160. 9 1720 | Camp 82, val y وی‎ riv.| 5 54752. 1720 | Camp 82, val. of ees 52 2 4752.3 1776 | Station i D miles west 1 z 41832. 5 1721 | In bed of Flax riv. à ۱ 4686. 0 of camp 8 1722 | Left Not SZ ES vis. 8 1 1 4138. 3 1777 | Station 3, 154 miles west 1 1 | #4890. 6 1723 4.12 m., station 4... سے سے‎ 1 1 4736. 1 of ca: e 1724 | Camp 's3, or of Flaxriv.| 22 2 4615.2 1778 | Sta. 4, bivouac, a miles 1 1 | 7 1725 | Top x first mesa, sta. A--| 1 1 4632. 0 west of cam camp 8 1726 | Statio 1 1 4626. 6 miles E. of 7 20 1727 | 2d وه‎ S no. 1 1 4653.7 1779 | Junction E ane Diablo $ 1 | ©4594. 3 1728 | 12 m., foot ot f mesa, sta. 2. 1 1 4614. 7 with Flax 1729 | Topo of 3d m sa, station 41 1 1 4641. 8 1780 | Bivo ید‎ 2, near ERES able 1 | 74594. 3 1730 | Top of 4th zeg station 5.| 1 1 4649. 0 Cañon Diablo. 1731 | Camp 84, val. ofFlaxriv.| 10 2 4618. 3 1781 | Station = 1 1 4956. 0 1732 | Top of Ist mesa, station 1. 1 1 4691.7 1782 | Bivouac 3, near Vol. hills | 1 5394. 3 1733 | Station B. £ 1 4742. 0 1892 | Foot of V. 1 H 6167.3 1734 ) 1 1 4687.3 | 1893 | Topof same Volcanic peak 1 1 6661. 0 1735 3 1 1 4636.8 1894 | Pine boat ia 1 6404. 3 1736 4 1 1 4606. 3 1895 om 1 1 6154. 7 1737 p. m., nein ZE e 1 1 4583. 1 1896 | Stati 1 1 6966. 9 738 | Statio 1 | 1 4598.7 1897 cope. or aae 3.04 Ce 1 1 6942. 1739 | Camp ce of Flex + 38 |. 2 4594. 3 1898 | On side mo untain, sta. 8 1 1 7723.1 1740 | Bed ofarroyo 12 m.,sta. 1 1 4579. 4 1775 | Leroux's spring, Ca: amp 91 | 41 2 1318.4 1741 | Top d zu mesa, sta. شی سے‎ | 1 4688. 4 1899 | San dag spring - - -=| 1 1 7002. 0 1742 Statio 1 1 4645.0 1900 | Bivouac at La Pun | 1 | 7097.9 1743 £ 1 4644.8 1759 Bivouac: " e T» Cos- ۱ 28 2 6139. 1 144 4 1 1 4566. 8 1745 | Camp 86, val. of Flax riv.| 10 2 4569. 5 1775 Ca ven? p 91, Le Leroux’s spring. 41 2 731 1746 | Camp 87, last,Flax riv.val.| 23 2 4597.1 1901 | Top of Triangulation hill. | 2 1 | 18342. 3 1747 | Station 2 1 1 4686. 2 1902 | Base of same 1 1 7543. 1748 4 1 1 4865.1 | 1903 | San Francisco peaks ES $12,051.9 ¡1749 | 12 m., station A........ 1 1 .| 4924.0 | 1775 | Camp 91 | 41 2 | |7378.4 17 Station 10 1 1 5116. 3 1783 ub : tee d 379. 1751 | 3 p. m., station 17...... 1 1 5246. 6 1784 | Statio 1 1 7397. 1 1752 | Camp 88, dry camp 4 1 5284.4 | 1785 Reeg hill near New 5 1 6870. 7 1753 | Station 5 £: 1 5525.1 Year's spring. 1754 | 12 m., — 了 EE pem: 1 5740. 5 1786 | Bivouac 3, base of Bill 3 1 6585. 6 1755 | Statio 1 1 5654. 5 ا‎ mountain. 1756 1 1 5968. 9 1787 | Station 1 1 1 6846. 3 1757 . m. ترس‎ ۳ 1 1 | 5928.0 1788 1 1 6575. 7 1758 ی‎ 1 1 6136. 8 BENI 7777ء‎ d 1 6496. 5 1759 | Camp 0 Cosnino caves..| 28 2 6139. 1 1790 | Bivonac 4, cañon of Bill 4 1 6347. 1 1760 | Station 1 1 6214.8 illiams’ creek 1761 1 1 6353. 2 1791 | Bivouac 5, east branch of 4 1 5154. 7 1762 | 12 m., dates Da 77٦ 1 1 6281.5 artridge creek. i 1763 tation D 1 1 6579 1792 | Station 1 1 5066. 7 1764 | Summit F 1 1 6149. 7 1793 | Biv 6, head of 3 1 5516. 6 1765 اس‎ 90, near San Fran- 4 1 6665. 9 branch of Partridge cr'k d pod cisco Springs. 1794 | Station 1, top 1 ٹر‎ Sf I 1 5766. 3 1766 | Station 1 £ 1 6696.8 1795 | Bivouac7, near Lavacr'k.| 2 1 6412. 1767 | 5 1 1 6796.2 1775 | Ca 1 41 2 |€7318.4 1768 : 1 | 4 6971.4 1796 | Station A 1 1 1417.2 1769 1 1 6945. 4 179 6 1 1 1521.5 1770 | 12 m., E Ren Y spr g 1 f 6952. 1 1798 | 12 m., station 7.-------- 1 1 7582. 8 1771 | Station 1821 9 دج موی‎ £ x 1 7115. 3 1707 Bali... 1 1 1351. 1772 19-56 AA 1 1 7214.4 | 1800 | Camp ej San Fran. forest-| 9 2 7415.0 HUI. —22. 23 ix. 1 1 7162.8 1801 | Station 1 1 1430. 2 1774 | 3 p. m., station D___ 1 1 7212.9 1802 1 1 |. 7480. > Reconnoissance west from Camp 82 on Flax river, to Cañon Diablo, and thence northerly to + eg i t ce from d “of Cañon D Diablo westward to Leroux's spring, and back to Cosnin: $ Three dio D 8. W. eroux's spring. š n the e = ڈ‎ feet above camp at Leroux's spring. The limit of the growth of pines is 504. 5 feet lema. or 11,547. 4 feet above | Reconnoissance west westward e pe 5 spring. i D Survey resumed from Leroux’ s s spring. T BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. 281 1 APPENDIX M—Continued. ۱ 7 š | E | - | ' ] D | ` | A ¿io | $8 ie ات‎ as) Š 28 > | 3 | > -| 2 £ fg 38 | وء 3 او‎ | 25 8 3 Name of place. 3% SS 2, [33 | Name of place. 23 | 33 | CS WK بے‎ 8 | < m بب نه کے که‎ n se Y | w + < Š m sales SC HK 52158] $43 > | ° o o | Z wel” Le Z 22/2 | 8 1003. نود‎ B. caus saca disi 1 1 7448. 5 Continuation of results upon the route. 180 5 1 1 7458. 2 . 1805 | 12m., C 1 1 7284. | | 1806 9 1 1 | 7312.6 | 1853 Compa 103, on Pueblock..| 10 2 | 5203.5 1807 pp e? San Fran. prairie) 8 2 7196. 8 1650 TORO ELC Aha 1 5244. 6 1808: on 1 1 7217.2 | 1855 5 ia E 5316. 5 1809 E. 1 1166. 2 1856 u یں ار‎ a E- 3 349.9 1810 | 12 m., 12 1 1 1013. 4 1851 | Bt.5-]- 25 ft. OLÎ ] 5389. 9 1811 ; 1 1 6906. 8 1858 Itu Ad s Sere 550.9 1812 D 1 E LONE AE DEE E | 546. 9 1813 E 1 1 | 6792.6 | 1860 E cu capa | 5123.3 1814 | Camp 94, New Year'ssp..| 78 2 6738. T | 1861 لا‎ RR ig Gu L | 5629.1 tation 1 1 1 6816. 5 1862 ME GL A کے سو‎ 1 l | 5710.9 los ی‎ 1 1 6799.7 | 1863 | Ht. pt. 15.....-....| 1 | | 5835.6 AO E11 6837.9 | 1864 | COMER ا‎ yt l| BIT 1 1 6691.3 1865 > EC eege QP: | 1 1 | 5746.2 S 1 i4 & | 1866 | Bunsek, ما اسم اق‎ P 1 | 5735.6 SE eet E 1 1 | 6492.7 7 Camp “los, on a Basbio ekol 3 1 5688. 9 10 十 25 feet----- 1 1 6357. 1 1868 | Statio A و‎ 255 nies 1 1 5739. 4 Al 1| 6451.4 | 1869 7 1 1 | 5690.9 , Lava creek ۰ ۷ o 169177 | 0 M. E 1 1 5159.0 p ا‎ E TCI 6246.7 || 1871 o aka 1 1 6025 1 1 6230.7 | 1872 | True summit of Aztec Pass 1 1 60. 5 1 1 6313.7 || 1873 | Highpt., st. 6, on trail...| 1 1 6302. 1 d 1 1 6205. 3 1874 LE BE 1 1 6142.5 B.: 1 1 6321.9 1875 : Wee ا ند ما‎ aa 1 1 5997. 2 ei AE 1 5906. 0 AGG Ee 1 1 5998.2 : 3 niu 1 1 5785.5 1877 | Camp 105, on headwaters 10 2 5751.7 = 1831 ا‎ 96, Cod: Greeks: ¿£ 1 5671.7 of Williams' 1 e 1832 | Statio l. T 5596. 2 1878 0 a. m., et نظ وٹ‎ 1 1 5752.9 m. 1833 1 1 5613.6 | 1879 | Station B 1 1 5674. 1 3 1834 A 1 1 5826.9 ۱ 1880 | 12 ms viia D. uidi 1 1 5518.4 1835 11 1 | 1 | 556.5 | 1881 | Statio 1| r| 55k 1836 | 12m. , 14 1 | 1 | 5455.9 | 1882 | Camp 166, br. Williams r. | 34 2 | 5360.3 1837 17 I fj 5T. | | | 1838 B ba 1 1 608.1 ےر رہ‎ GO. ES I 1 | 5381.2 Explorati rom Camp 106. 1840 | Camp 97, یا‎ creek | 16 sl 2 | 5121. 9 porem ii mp ۱ 1 e Exploration from. Gump. SY tor Picacho; and thince nortwoet up | 1882 | Camp 106 34 60. China valley to Bivouac 4, and eeh to ‘Comp 99, at Pitch. 1883 | Bivouac 1, on coe of 3 1 4977.8 Williams’ ri 1841 | Bivouac 1, Partridge dh 4 | 1 | 4963.5 ae 9 cañon.. -- IIT 1842 | Bivouac 2, nearPicachosp. 4 | 1 | 4870.0 | Jass Bivouac b ‘SE. ot ain í | 1| dra 1843 | Station 6 1 1 ec ا‎ Ree ۱ s Al 1844 | Bivouac 3, Val. de China. 2 1 4881. l 1845 | Bivouac 4, N. W. branch | 4 | 1 | 5424.7 | 1887 station 2, 5 50 feet below | 1 | 1 | 56005 of Val. de China. l | : T 1888 | Bivouac 3, White Clifcrk.| 3 1 4480. 0 1846 | Bivouac 5, near Picacho?.| 25 2 | 4835-8 | 1989 | Station 5, nearcamplll,| 1 1 | 3610.5 ; on Whi creek à Reconnoissance from Bivouac 5, (Camp 99,) towards Mount Hope, || 1890 | Bivouac 4, sed springs, s I 4126. 0 and through Aztec Pass and back to to Camp 103. W.of Cactus Pass. کے‎ ——— 1891 | Bivouac 5, bre Pass, | 10 1 j| BOLT 1847 | Bivouac 1, 8. W.side of | 2 | 1 | 5182.7 —— 0€ : — China H 2 L 5410.9 1848 | Bivouac 2, near Mt. Hope.| : . š 0. 0 1849 | Bivouac 3, 1 mile east of 3 1 5 | of regular survey of line from Partridge creek i bes d | i : 1850 | 4 miles N. W. of Summit.| 1 1 | 5800.2 06 9 +4 1851 | Summit of dividing ridge 1 1 6240. 8 1840 SCH 97, Zeie creek. 16 2 5121. 9 Af E i 1904 | Sta RS I rj WT ung یت ہے‎ ot 3 1 | 5739.3 | 1905 | 1 ES PN T کے سر‎ | 1906 | Camp 98, با‎ ST £a Bivouac 5, near Camp 103 | .10 2 | 5203.5 | 1907 | Station 5..... 1 l | 4905.6 ° Bivouac 5 is at the same point as Camp 99. 36m : BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX ۷۰ ò ate =o * > e z 5c SÉ sa (53 "B EK Name of place, KAES RB ا بب | 5 به پ‎ $28 E. ; "al اه‎ es ; e o Z Z= | = 1908 | Station 8 1 1 4911.0 1909 A 1 1 902. 2 1910 1 1 5031.9 C. ٦ تد و وک ور‎ s 1 1 4850. 7 1912 16 j 1 1 936. 0 1913 | Camp 99, Picacho springs.| 25 2 4835.8 1914 | Camp 100, Val de China, 12 1 4134.4 near Picacho. 1915 | Camp 101, S.W. side of 5 1 5104. 4 Val de China. 3916 | Station: 5, 12 m... 1 1 5412.8 1917 p 00 1 1 | 5228.4 1918 | Camp 102, $ed creek. 4 1 | 5513. 1 1919 | Station 5, 12 m.......- 1 1 | 5617.9 1853 | Camp 103, Pueblo creek?| 10 2:5| 0205 1882 | Camp 106, br. Wms’. river, 34 2 5360. 3 1920 | Station 3 1 1 5243. 1921 2 de oe 1 1 5279.1 1922 1 1 5066. 8 1923 10 1 1 | 5248.2 1924 1 1 5211.3 1925 ES B. == 1 1 | 4950.7 1926 | Camp 107 bi. Wiis’. river) 1 1 4811.8 1927 1 1 4954. 1 Ee 1 1 4856. 0 1929 Camp p^ br.of Williams'| 22 2 4814.0 1 1930 Station A 1 1 4902. 2 1931 B 1 1 | 4910.6 1932 3. 1 1 5013. 4 1933 C 1 1 4974.7 1934 1 1 1 5004. 1 1935 | 1 1 4915. 9 .1936 | Summit, "nation e 1 H 4986.2 1937 | Station 1 Y r UT 1938 q TS 1939 | Camp us, br. of White tr PERES Cliff creek. | 1940 aach of 7 Mn AI 1 1 5071. 6 1941 n16.....— 1 1 4941. 9 * 1942 e 110, potet Pass.. 5 1 5166.1 1943 | Station 1 1 5268.1 1944 1 1 4437.8 JA l s 9 1 1 3877.0 1946 | Camp ii i White Cliff cr.. | 5 2 3526.1 1947 | Station 1 1 3434. 1 Es of EE station Sl R r 3 1 3489. 5 1 1 2860. 2 4 1 2183.9 1 1 2699. 9 1 1 2358. 9 1 1 2178. 9 4 + 2243. 1 ui 2111.9 1 1 2056. 2.1 1944.8 1 1 1896, 1 9 2 1853, 4 1 1 1810.5 4 1 1744. 6 8 2 656. TOL OI 1582.1 | o 2d ò 4&8 d © => ER وت‎ Eg] Ži | EK Name of place. و چا‎ +58 | E > e | s tn wg | ے‎ m کب‎ ۵ bt: اوت‎ | $us 2 9 Z Së Lë = 1964 | Camp 117， e gel 10 2 1499. 4 65 | Station A, H 1 08.1 1966 e? 118, oa Wlan! riv.} 9 2 1307. 7 1967 on A, 12 m... - 1 1 128701 1968 | C oe کا‎ riv.| 10 2 1228. 6 1969 + Station A, 12 MSG 1 1 1231.5 1970 | Ca vial 120, on Willana riv. 8 2 1184. 5 1971 | Statio I2 mio 1 1 1072.1 1972 | € samp 121, onWilliams’ riv.| 20 3 1014. 7 1973 | Station A, 12 m. - 2 ےت‎ 1 1 957.6 1974 W as 1 1 870. 5 1975 | Camp122, on Williams' riv. 4 1 899.3 1976 | Station 2, 12 m-.--..--- 1 1 983. 4 1977 | Camp 123, gg riv. 6 2 868.5 1978 | Station B, 12.30 p. m. i 1 181,9 1979 | Camp 124, ver riv.| 3 1 693. 4 1980 | Station A, 9 a. m... سے‎ 1 1 656. 4 1981 Camp 125; on Willing rivj 5 1 504. 1982 (Station 1, 7 A 1 492. 6 198: À,12 TD 1 1 466.8 1984 Gen Si 126, on Williams riv 2 1 441.1 1985 | Statio lir DA 1 1 393.2 HE C . D yo. 1 1 318.3 1987 | Station A, (éi 3 P. mmol 1 356. 4 of Williams’ 1988 | Camp si on Rio geg ado) Z 2 398.4 1989 | Station 1 1 488.7 199 : 1 1 416.0 199 9,--30yds..12m.| 1 1 412.2 1992 | Camp 138, on Rio Colorado| 5 1 382.4 1993 | Station D 1 1 582. 8 199 E 1 1 448.2 1995 7- EM no 1 1 490. 6 1996 Gem da 129; on Ke Leeds 6 2 416.0 1997 | Sta: A 1 1 488.5 1998 | Water level, station B...| L 1 453.0 1999 | | " Station 了 B e sch ch : 488.5 200 K E sid 200 12 1 T O 2002 | Camp 130, on bank near 4 1 589.8 Rio Colorado. 2003 Meis tation 3, 12 m . 1 1 1654. 9 2004 | Between 4-5, station B...| 1 1 1310. 0 2005 Station ! 5, 3 + dës EE 1 1 1029. 1 2006 | 8, e £ 1 512.2 T SCH 131, Ste of Rio 2 1 408.3 orado. 2008 Camp, 132, valley of Rio 6 1 431.8 Colorado. 2009 | Station A 1 1 409.5 2010 £ : 1 1 393.5 2011 | Camp 133, valley of Rio 2 1 432.9 | Colorado. 2012 | Camp 134, valley of Rio 5 L 432. 9 olorado. 2013 | Camp 135, valley of Rio »] 3 430. 3 sol o. š 2014 | Station B, 9 a. m....... 1 E 643.4 201 e Ii 1 967.5 2016 | i H AS sO Be 1 1 | 1220.6 2087] — Bire 1 1 | 1618.7 2018 | Camp 136, rte ie camp-- 3 1 2173.7 2019 | Station 2,9 e 1 1 2352. 7 2020 SE 137, Zei creek. ^id. 1 2790.7 n P. ar 1294944 N^ 1889 ae نے اہی‎ EN : 1 EN . کا oo‏ wo‏ BAROMETRIC ALTITUDES. APPENDIX M—Continued. A EE کک و سس جس‎ 1 د اپ وا‎ çS To] Kale | $3 E ESE 28 8 Es (8.18 m. I > Ln ba = "| fee 2 3 Name of place. EI | B8, 4 EK Name of place. iz E &| f 3 s: او‎ ¿és |w s3 | ۶و‎ | $53 8 Re Oe | Bes tog 3/53 | 233 و‎ ۶ Ho Seo CS = oa و 1 5 ه‎ y... A AS a Z | Zz | ۳ ۱ 2 Si | | Ç ha 2021 | Station 2, 9a. m..----- | 1 1 3618.0 2058 ee? ek Mojave river - 2 1 2178.0 : 2022 B, 0.40 a. m... | «4 1 73.3 || 2059 | Sta EDU تفای‎ Mudo 1 r ES s 2023 和 Se 1 3560.6 | 2060 | 8, 19 m و تا دعب‎ 1 1 | 2397.8 2024 F, 2 e A 2. ELI 1 3694.0 | 2061 | EE 1 1 | 2344.2 2025 P Sp. om... bard 1 | 4206.4 | 2062 | Camp 147, Mojave river -| 3 | 1 | 2473.7 2026 | Camp 138, Coden grove--| 3 1 4381.8 2063 | Station 4---.---------- 1 | 1 2611.0 2027 | Station D A NE 22ء‎ I 4141.3 || 20 4 | 5, leave theriv 1 1 2638.3 2028 Ee 1 1 4887.8 || 2065 | E. ux O e 20 A, il. 1 1 4819.3 | 2066 | Camp 148, 5 -Bore of San 2 | 1 | 3442.6 F 2030 wee a ES. pia ا‎ € 1 4896.8 -| nardino mts. | 2081 | Station 8. ——.-.------| 1 1 003.7 | 2067 | Station E ا‎ ig d | 3196.1 EA e ¿š OEE 1 1 | 5196.4 | 2068. 4 amater | 14 1] 68 2033 E mes 1 E. 51864. | | n Pas | 034 e 1 1 4602. 8 | 2069, D.--------==== 1 1 | 3844.1 2035 : > MER 1 1 | 3618.5 |2070| ۳۳ 5...---------- 1 1 | 3505.6 ۴۰۰٠٦۱۹٦ Du... $31 3770.2 | 20711 | 6,12 m.....--- 1 1 | 2969.1 2037 | Camp la near Marl spr's 2 1 3792.7 || 2072 | Camp 7 Cajon creek ..| 8 1 2527. 5 2038 | Station 1, Marl springs- - 1 1 3831.8 || 2073 | Station 1, 5.9. Mee 1 1 2070.5 2039 Do n m تب‎ I: 1 3412.9 || 2074 | £ 2 LA 1 1 2081.5 2040 EE Lech 1 3115.9 || 2075 | ما سرد‎ n et 1 1 2039. 5 2041 9. 12 1055 d عم‎ EE 1 3673.1 | 2076 | D I هت‎ 2 2. 1 1 1566. 5 2042 | mor EE کا لہ سے و‎ 1 1 3614.3 | 2077 | ۷ ll: 1 1 1398. 5 2043 Bal 1 1 2993.5 | 2078 | Ca em A 150, Coco Mongo | 8 1 1223. 5 2044 | Camp 141. Sand 1 Camp- -- 31.1 L 20386 | eek. E OI <. 1,94 Mm 1 1 1233. 6 2079 | St "A eh D La mi... 1 1 1039. 9 3 2046 x a idi Dude 1 1 928.7 | 2080 | UE EUN SIEGEN 1 1 1055. 3 2047 | Camp un, ماود‎ lake. 3 1 1001.7 |2081| ۰ ۰ K.....-------- 1 1 1085. 7 y 2048 | Station D, 9a m ...--- kd 1 1033 4 | 2082 | ET soeben 1 1 851.1 7 = 2049 | Camp Fe ‘Mojave river. 5 1 1218.1 2083 | ios uus سا‎ 1 1 598. 5 3 ` 2050 | Station Ar کے‎ 1 1 | 1394.3 | 2084 | H, sunset ..---- 2 1 564. 9 E 205 7 WEE | 1 J 1611.5 | 2085 Camp 151, an g^ 1 1 249.1 E aol DM i 1 1 1621.7 cree E 2053 | Camp Tr Slave river .| 2 1 1659.1 | 2086 | Station D, SUL - : on | 2054 | Station 4-.------------ 1 1 1773.9 pen dues ene فا رس‎ S 2 2055 | Camp 145, Mojave river. 10 1 1884.7 | 2087 | | Camp 152, 13 mile east of| 20 2 352.0 2056 | Station 1..------------ ES 1 1929.8 | | Los Angeles 3 2057 4 12 m.....--- hod 1 2121.9 | 2088 | | S.Pedro, سوہ‎ 1 1 300 | APPENDIX N: TABLE OF DISTANCES AND ih h » Qa A | " P" Š E $ | Ss [^3 E 58 2-3 8 -= Ba Station. 8 a Ba i ۳ E . š a 7 DZ) ~ E El g y š T SR | 8 š | .8 d Š - ws 3 43 m a3 ° KS [s] E $ 2g T $ 2 E : ae à | Aaa a A SE Ze رج‎ E ان‎ OU LS LUV ERS wae} g 0 0 IL. ` ۲ o zi سر‎ 1 D LI 1 li O — © ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ° ° ‘ ' ' H 1 1 H 1 1 D سر ° سر بر‎ D cdi 106. 7 OF Pee NE 39 ` . ERAS 120.3 < D e di SÉ LE 9 t> DDR وو و‎ O O O BO OI XI OT O Ft O ON US O O O O - Som D D نم = L I H H ' ' ' ' ' ' ' o m EN a bo e , Sëch ' LI 1 1 H LI H > š: --------| 15 ہہ‎ ew (ae 0 e 20 COUR xk E (A و“‎ ww 10 Ke H H ' ' ' ' H 1 Së b مس‎ p. Së i) Kol ہے وہ‎ H ہہ نت‎ I من‎ Ç س‎ to سم‎ ' ' ' ' 0 a ' ' ' ' ' LI 1 ' à D ' ' “ H ' ' ' ' = = wd Lond ^ a E š "mu 3 - - ° T0. 3: e -= ہل‎ e a Sous Pr: © مه‎ to ج‎ eo e E 3 ساس سا سے ہے ee‏ خن EE‏ La = ہ 06 ۵ دب 90 ererer ko oo ex DISTANCES AND GRADES. : APPENDIX N—Continued. | T. ls 3 | $4 FOIS WX E ee TI. FICE q al 8 | ٩ ہو‎ Station. 8 EK Š E 2 | Es | Station. | Ë | EK | 8 | 2 5 ۳ H A | ch y E Gs CS, S EN y اج‎ a ak, ENS s B do 三 A 3 & | $É- B BE B A R E 2 | Aš 5 BE | 4 | A 28 a | 3 E A | Aa | | A | e. Ja A Aw 一 一 一 | uk | | | | s M oci 0.8| 38.4 ji es 380 nuda EAU | 3 0۵0 E تھا‎ 136 L. A EE SAT others: LA Gd ae سس کاو‎ | Eege رھ‎ 0. 9 | 3 1l 20 |.-«----- i36 c | EET UM nose. 16 Linus. 00 MEE S ےو‎ ES P l ا‎ 0 ades l o انت‎ | IIL N41. 5. | 40| 225.1 01 KT] 3ء‎ 30 | C, Pe MEE | 164 ES B 10 02 و‎ uU AA e و‎ 4 | 14| 146] 20 | is t Lo. Bi 66 |! 0.9 | EE l ond | Wl. u.. 04 0.4 | Level. سور‎ BH seo | 0.4 | Level. |....-- 396 2 اک 37.5 |.0.8 تقد در‎ ege Da | 2.2| 18.8 40 | 7 چٹ‎ 1.0, 60 Él Eu ob e s... ek EI tho eve e WEE 0.5 | Level caia | eel 4 Lus eg Nissen 08 EE CM b... Kees | 71 PIT Uf. | rl... 09 13 @ سی را‎ A IE. TESTIS 1... SE iis 1.7 | 60 + ae [16h 8 Ds... -... | 4.5 ۳ 1 S ESSI A ww Lp... IM دای وا‎ ^ | | osa | 56| 36| 20 | Melo Oa ho Ww um mv 4.8 4.2 20 NS. EL MEL و‎ eU a beg the پا و‎ 2.9 6.8 20 š Eee STI 21.7 TA dita ٠ aos 8.5 4.7 40 O4 SN bey Ikt 778 95 هس اب ساسا‎ 308900 S سن‎ 5.1 8 404.259.222 Edere BE ھ9 وس‎ EN eii. "LI دی‎ 21 CI. c. 5| 271.2 111 usc 2.3 HL SE 80 2.0 7.5 15 1182088 .| 0.6 WT. uw. 81 TT 5.2 مو‎ etii pes 280. 9 2 رو کہ‎ Wal 29 هه‎ eens 82 5.1 3.5 20 ML. ER D8- i... 15 | 180.4 || 183 2.8 7.4 20 3 B. 1.8 6 75 b Il ا‎ 84 3.2 6.4 19 |. | ری‎ `... 3.2 i oa wit 185.4 || 185 LE Level d... 23 ےت‎ BIL 89 ےت وت ا‎ 86 3.3 6 25 24 0.4| 28 ll v E NS ا‎ 0.9 | Level. |.... 25 Kil $5 ss. Oe دص‎ 88 0. 6 | 16۰ » 26 .. BI. X. je و‎ 89 4.2 4.8 20 | 1M. SEE KT. وف‎ a. 15 | 190.1 | 190 AR) 164 | 15 | mU 2.0| 17.9 SL. یا‎ d 91 | 9.6 | Level. |.-... | | "vu sage > ies: Ee 92 KESI RE 1 | IE 0.4) 118 میتی‎ 5 |-------- 93 CESI کک و‎ Es | 19) Ee oe) Y mL. ue 9 7 | 2.9 | .5 | 19 | | IECUR | EY: 8 45 | | 95 lj Level. Ee | E 5. | L2| 16.6 HI. یھ اھ‎ 2 7 196.25 17 1.6 9.8 ledh سس ھا‎ EH. 0 1.0|. 39.6 4۵ |... nem 191... تفت‎ 1.2.| Level. |... dini] Md. 6 RSS cna 0.5 | Levele:: سم تیه‎ lS ST 13, eS Pe eee 315. 6 1133 eg 6:5] 34 meo SUP 38.8 |. DO... 1.6 6.4 10 ! A A Darel l-ai- ANM 7 1.0 | Level. و(‎ 2235 LO) 3S بت و‎ KEE y RO 1.4 19. 2 26 SEN Dod LO IE st e. AS ls NEC e ss) ILE Ll 6| 320.1 40 1.5 25 o OES NU. ہی‎ 1.3 5 41 EE 135 Lu 204 0.4 15 42 L5| 41.4 "LI . e 205 O81 el e Poa 143 0.6 | Level. ll 1-> 206 A8 20.3 20 44 0:8 ۱ 18 i Ser 207 1.9 bsi Pi- 325. 5 45 0.9 SE. 2 L.- cala G6 ا‎ 208 L0] Level |... 46 I OL Levo uu cS cibo esse e 209 1.4 7.5 10 147 0.5| 40 95 ا‎ Coat 8ل‎ 2.1 | Level. 330 148 EA RAS CU L PEU وہ و‎ MEE EE 1.2 8.5 10 AA wo o 65 وو‎ TT SEL C مس‎ 0. 6 EE: Stea: si 7 2ئ‎ 0.8 | Level. -.-.--..| 213.....-.- 0.6 26 14 mm B A 13 131. c. 1.0-8 E 1.7 Ób LL... E رو‎ 152. 0.9 5.4 Gi A ھا سو اجان‎ 215..-...-- 1.6 2 1117000 BCT 359 0.8 | Level $14] تو و‎ 0.4| 10.8 4 |. ; JA... E CTi 36.9 A a ET. Ie. Jo 10 10. Ja کت‎ 27۲۲۰05۲ HiL- bj. کت‎ 218.......- L2| 86]|.--- GR 10 |....---- GE 140] Lame a A E $16 ۵ی‎ 0.6 | Levels |. EE A 1.8 jl od í 3: 0.5 36 ۰ 7 Ml 19 PS a ss al whae n) a 10| 340.4 358... 0.6) 30.4 E تچ‎ T 2.6 | Level. ; ^ gq Summit of Delaware ridge. c Mustang creek. E: 286 DISTANCES AND GRADES. (m APPENDIX N—Continued. 3 E as Nel a Bess — à | KA 3 ; 3 Ea : 4 : جا تج‎ Station. 8 | 8 El i Ba Station. 8 ] و‎ s 2 | Ba E ~ = 4 | = ”ھ‎ ea EI Eom = = | E 723 - ° o g | ° os oo = Q Es a3 a A ° +: ao + = E, 8 9 43 مب‎ 2 Ë و‎ 4 5 dëi S A š 2 $ 24 A © < a Aw a ° < a An 2پ‎ i 12.4 20 MEL. ہے ار‎ 0.9 | Level. aE BE xd 0. 4 | Level. » das 1 ۱9۵9 در‎ 9.8 8 "4 a 530 ارچ رر 6و‎ t? 23.2 40 28: 0 8 af onu. po BO 1.5 6.8 10 iii 10 8 ری‎ uus 550 y AS 0.7 6 0 285 8 bd. celtas 560 700 cari n 0.5 | Level. 286 10 8 807)... ocn 510 229 0.9 3 i uus 988541 3 uci 10 8 Bd. coss 580 230.. 1.2 15.6 90 288 10 8 O. Sabet 590 x 231 0. 2.| Level. 2892-0. 10 8 G es 600 232 0.9 66 , 60 290 10 8 eli 610 233 0.7 | Level. yt. —. 10 So eee eee 620 234 0.5 63 30 29989620 10 10 Tae bane ape ee 630 ۳۳ ات‎ S 0.3 | Level. 293 10 10 1۱1 ue 640 . illl 1.0| 30.6 . 355.4 | 294 10 10 dl uos 650 St. eee. 0. 6 15.5 10 295 0 10 ` E V V 660 تسس دہ‎ 0.9 33.9 30 TË ` و‎ 10. 6 lg ac 880 EES 0.3 67 20 IS ` s. 10 10. 6 1055... s 680 S. 037 48 30 | SENEC 86 10 11.5 ki. 690 0.5 20 10 299 . so 11.5 11.8 Hl a cost 101.5 1 1.5 | | 10 320 2.4 20. 50 a 243 L B4 28.6 PUE BE e SLULASUL S... 1.5 32.5 50 T... cose 105.5 944... LOUP 7. سرت | وود‎ cl ہے ے683‎ 2.2 | 70 150 b: | 0.8 ss ے۔‎ SMI o [I L2]. 75.2 90 b2 2.9 5 MS 370 SS. | 0.5 | Level. 5241 10 5 50 1. 380 موی 20 205ھ‎ re NO, E A 20 710.7 ME. 10 5.6 Ps MELOS 390 308 سب‎ LIT A 60 WS. ی‎ 10 5 ek وت‎ 400 ut s s 0.8 25.2 20 EN 10 1.5 E 410 508 E 1.2 | Level. PEL ee, 10 7.5 SET us 420 208. ER 1.8 4 100 MEE تج‎ 10 1.5 1. 430 HB ELO 2.2 69 1393 A 718 A 10 T4 : ے1‎ eS 440 ane 0.6 | Level PNE EN 10 1.5 a" ilclo U ROB 1.1 18 3 155 99-1 53... : So 10 8 Oe AE dU MIB 8.7 Es اوه‎ ee EN لت‎ 10 8 EI. a 470 تست‎ ` 1.6 53.9 Sk b ovs 730 Ains 10 8 ÜC E I ass 480 l 5 ° pi 49 130 580ھ‎ I eas 5.6 8 EELS 485.6 || Deum 3.2 Q . E 20 735. 8 کچھ پا‎ 1.9 92 179 SM O SND a 10-123 uas ٠۹٢٢ .. 3.9 70 AO 590. Ce 1. 6 | Level. pis. 0.7 28 20 LL L8] 4 3 5 60 139.5 0.6 | Level. HN Ss 1.8 72.8 130 ; 0.8 42 35 تا‎ O... 0.6 JS eska, O S TE 0.9 E o 5 HODES 3.8 £& E 200 745.1 Jo IBL. . جو‎ 39 1. o SES A 1.3% 818 40 2.2 | Level. 46001 93900 8ئ"‎ 3.2 0 250 SET. 3 90 BO A did. 3.9 93. 7 300 1.4 | Level 500.8 || 326........ 0.8 64.5 50 ES A J3U TL 7 O le? SER us 611 44 bt 80l A 2.8 | Level 506 sS. OAN i| o [| 30 755.8 li 37.6 40 998.2. O ES 0.2 | Level 1.5 1 Ok eo MEOS us Lë 63 110 0.5 وت‎ RES و0‎ s ۳21 وی نت‎ s... 0.6 | Level. 1.1 | Level. 510 39 کس یی‎ 0. 6 62 40 Tb ow | 20 、 SR S sd 1.4 14 Py 160. 5 AE یٹ‎ . Mio s sn 17 30 50 گے‎ 4. Lex 1391. 5. "E oca 2.1 42.8 90 L| M T. — 50 | 515 85... s. 1.9 51.5 100 257 W lj وہ‎ . dl. S S 0.8 8.5 50 | 1:8 | MAR... 50 | 519.3 || n338........| 1.4 Nii 1. e وو‎ 6 a Summit of Divide between Washita and Canadian. h Head of io creek. b ا‎ pescar fes CUNT i i Divide betwee e d south o: Crossing o of Rió Ge d V; f Shady : DISTANCES AND GRADES. 287 APPENDIX N—Continued. | bea A 1-8. 1 E ; $ 54 EPI 15 3 1 Gë | $ | 3$, E 3 ES Station. | 8 | aa | a | :- ER NNI - qe Station. a ag g A S Ë ۱ | -= p^ 8 | "epi | 3 P m جج‎ = “R Aë E Bu | من‎ Mak 1 1 483 Soho رت‎ ۵ Li [3 452 1 R 133.) $$ E $ 133 | | aA FS foe à TERT n s E A Aa ~ SC Lol ses Ser | ^ 6 9۵9 | E 10 26 di s 930 یت‎ e | 2.5 " ili | اس ھا‎ re a LUE راب‎ 1.3 26 90 I o0 ۶٣ 6.8 | 10 | 7 7.4| 33.3 245 NE... ui ARC 50 | | 8 5.2 9.5 aio 950 Co MISCO €*| 39359 120 | "n. ou 10 9. 5 96 1. 2 960 EE. حور‎ 3.8| 60 220 | WI MEA 6.3 9.5 | هه‎ iL. | 966.3 ا‎ ege وو‎ 100 | Da وت‎ | Sien Dos و‎ 185 | 970 b 346-__. 2.1 1.0 80 E ve 18 s 7 | 2.3 50 o E 115 |....-..- E M کت‎ CE RE. j دای‎ | EE ۱9 LE AB Lol 80 12 doc | c 348 eS SÉ. cx. | . 0 ۱ ar او‎ L ete 0.7 | PE 1.8 رو و‎ E. YS ooi 1.7 | Level. | | Tub - 7 408: 0 4. 75 OS فا ات‎ OLE CRE ALT 78ء‎ | WEEK NEE m See 3.7 Hh Ee 67 | 980 enee 1201 sb 4 30 | ۱ de acu ET Bel 602... Ee EE] 155. | 10 | benedi I NE A 66۱ 15 | و ات‎ 100 | 990 کیا تج وہ‎ I TOUTS | NISL ۱ 9E 0 1^ HN u.s 143 | 1000 E EN LR. ANA d. MI dpi e e 10.0 7°" nium 157 | 1010.6 RA PCG 6 bs... 400 | 801.2 | 411........ Kt 3697 ری‎ 1981. 5. Li TEE Ge ا‎ Du E NI E E12. a S و ا ا کال 4.4 نشم‎ ere Of AS ds Zu | 1.2 | Level. | cantor ops ETA Loo su 1030 HE lo. | 0.6| Aë 10 LE au 10 JJ سی‎ 131 ! 4 359.-.--222] ا‎ d 160 Du — 10 Bila ono 132 | 1050 ی360‎ sess ES] 325 ۳۳ مر‎ 310 Ee 10 1561 < 138 | 1060 کر یر مت‎ Él E 90 Puts یہہ‎ vn ptu. E mae 0.5 | 96 50 وی‎ uu oe 4&3 1. Et O DDR Ei 1.6| 63.3 100 1419 10. 2 ER n رک‎ 100 | 1087.5 2 A 0.5| 55.5 30 NEC 2.5 Eds AS 23 | 1090 365 0.6 | Level. | | Eel HE C 8.4 9.8.1... cus TA dca 366 i11) A بش درا‎ | mi uu | Bio 11.6 人 106 | 1110 361 0.8| 6 | ہو کے‎ MI ss sa ss: E, a EE EE سو‎ 108 | 1122.6 368 2.3 | Leve | | 424 24l 41.5 HOL lS 1125 369 Ei Q e ہے ید‎ | NAN A | Jl . 33 e 310 L3| 61.6 80 | 426 Ei M Lo Wee 8 287 - caf ES] 100. . ME 2. LM یی‎ o | "a Sein Lol ےت ئوہ‎ 372 tal سا رات و‎ SOO =: ۲٣ í 85 کھت‎ 373 EX AS 1 v. PT X e ات‎ LST O DI — 1130. 1 314 EE 9A 1. a c ال‎ Eu و‎ 2.0| 50 100 E ET 9 a EE LEE 3.1 4.8 Cha 1135.3 | S sti OS 10021 ات‎ Ss CS SECH 84 TI... un 4.01.25: 2 masa E چچ‎ ۶۹ E a sss SEO 1651 25 ue اسر س1878‎ LEG OE ORI. Ve 40 | 850 E تب‎ 0 2er EL. 20 PRA AA AA TAE ms کے و‎ Wi GER II مه‎ 1.5 8 i Bheo 1145. 2 ce re 2.0 4 90 436 1.5 93 Be 0-0 B و‎ CITE ESL o وھ اھ‎ SE 2.0 E E TE 12| 1148.7 59900 16 NIC B ہے وو‎ a) jH 2 NS نود گا‎ 3.4| 43.5 150 439 9.3| 40 ETL IS 1160 E 3.8 6 285 . 10 40 Ol 1170 Be 1.0 | Level. 1 10 40 EI 1180 87ہ‎ 17 í کا ار‎ 35 | 865.5 | 442 l6| 62.5 100 X o eir J: 0 o aee اھ‎ 443 ET OS BS. A 1185.2 NR sul 3.3 ESI am J ا‎ 7 0.9 si E IS. کے‎ 15 pil 07 3 80 | 872.2 | 445 LI BEL (RE 1۵ یت‎ 5 Ta P3: as 880 t 1.3 | Level. o 10 17.5 6 1 o 890 447 2.9| 86.2 250 M si 10 17.5 HER IAS 448 =o) M f 20i INE Su iLe, ME DELI... INED jo ` 18 ¥ 160 A Ee 8. 6 192 se. 920 45) 1.0 ۱ 44 44 : a Cañon Blanco. : = i ےئ‎ of Rio San Jos Sc between Cañon Blanco and Lagunas; altitude ۱ of Sierra Madre at o Pass; altitude 6880. c Las | k ojo. del Oso. d Divide. ` — of Rio i with Flax river. ¢ Seance OF San Aukonb Tama z Kee of Flax 这 f East bank of Rio Grande. n * e of Cañon "Diablo. ER o Divide between Flax rer and Rio Verde. 288 DISTANCES AND GRADES, ae APPENDIX N—Continued. F n I 1 l E $ جا‎ | AES | g 3 ¿ES £ وا‎ | 3 š ھچ‎ Eng UA. 3 Š Se Station. 8 1:88 [^w E | 8 ہے‎ ۱ Station. A | 88 ER. si Eg Hm l we Se: Wu E T E D x Bex ae F SE | $ BL 4-1 ad | y P LuE € S dal LC ces Ge Ty dë | & bog ۲1 Se Ze وا‎ c dS A | CB E او‎ q a | Aa | | -| Pa = | — | | | | HL... | 23 | 95/3 | 7 MESS TERN NE $T o iuc 409 | 1313.2 459 2 الو رت ےت‎ Së Oa |1200.7 | 499 0.4 12.9 | وشن‎ ves KSE Moo: 381: sdi ^85 gic ee =e عون‎ € acus 26 | 1314 5 254 PO.) vel کر یا‎ | A95. 2 x Eu. 240. ای‎ 44 | 1315.6 E | ET 90 s: l. 2 |-1208. 5< -496 2 e £3. 3451. v MA toe. RE. uvis. L6 25 TEL JN 0 ا‎ ia ATES TUE 905 دز‎ 175 | 1326.6 Bh 1. E ETE — 100 ہر کے‎ EAE a 7.0 20و‎ 6091. ru MEL 2 | dl RE Bh, 44995: 2... La 18.5 | SCE 1335.1 ۲۳ رت‎ Lee ILA دی 66 نت هد‎ EUH wd is ind. 466... IA g; و‎ s | 5 ۵۵ 1210 CER EN Lives OG 1341.5 Bi 169. oGERD IS RBS a 08 2 et 16. 4 ۰ 11,5 TIO A EE 0.7 n 70 AAA $5884 TH 9541. xr 3,450 | 1395.2 4e. `. ری‎ Ee 0 od 504. i.i KO Lorh ا ا‎ SAW. YS تا‎ Us eee 2.8 6. 6 Wi 1215.3 |; 505.47] 9.01: 23 yin oi |. 1405.2 I. 2s LO Ji leis a 509 ند و‎ 5.5: 58.2 LL ی‎ ER aT AO GET. «T1 5 ss 158: میتی‎ uc اب50‎ Gah BE a | 1416.4 OE 1.5 | Level. 1220 OPEN 363 دہ .5 52$ 9 و وٹ‎ ss | 1451.5 Heil. E 3681... 200 | 1226.2 | FBO 2 5.0| 80 400 6: 3 |- 1456.5 EE ۳ 0 رر پت 8-6۳ 2503 :۵10 1291.8 |.300 .2 ہے‎ 7٦ 850 | 1465 اوھ وھ سیا 97 ور کت 88.8 4.0 ا‎ ane 5.0- -95 oan eee l^ ا وھ‎ 1470 eL. us | 1 E WEE dou Po Hes ار‎ iip ES ENFADO adas 450 | 5 ER co bbb HM pes 8 6190ی‎ 2 s= &0 25,5 9٤٦ 425 | 1480 TE 0ع‎ 4.8 | 40 | & 89: 15 1... nus 375 |. 1485 014 ء‎ 0 .8 | S410 Ee EM مر ارت‎ "E E 4.4 E d 1 o s 264 1492 SE. V. 0.3 13. 7 5 bru | 1505.2 MES وڈ‎ 4.0 48 38.3 DA 57 ^ 1510 am. 20 0.9 5.0 42.2 IL | 151 DE. LLL 0. 9 12.20 12:3 BEd 1527.2 WOW. 1.0 3.8 29.4 سس‎ 71 1 481........ 4.8 20.9) 14 899s) دی ہہ‎ 1551. 9 $09 o 1.4 B9 «8 E 1558.2 PS 5.4 : 4.4 .16.7 Ea 1562. 5 |o e 0.9 j 5 5.0 134. 5x 1567. 5 T چو جر‎ 0.8 kacsscus Lp 25 É- 299 50 1592.5 Sere teque, 5.7 تہ کے‎ tee te 9261 EE SE 1602 aer 45 下 تما‎ 4885.5 سس‎ E 1.9 28.8 5 aptae | 1290.7 | ھا شا رز ی‎ cars E r 4,008 | 1952 ` dii suu :وھ‎ Moa DT. last cos d ee EE "e. ...... 401 وی‎ 7۶9 246 | 1295.7 | E Ol bu ۹ a 23,543 | 23,996 | 1952 Bl... LEAD ۵6 PEOR E dic از‎ ee | | | ا‎ age š x d - xs <: 1 ۹ | a Near سم‎ s spring. i : ee poesi Pai-ute EE. b Highest summit, 7,538 feet. l Soda lake. c Val de China m Mojave river. d Near Pueblo creek. e sd ee int E Zeg the river. es it of Aztec Pass, 6,055 feet illiams