A

DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS

PINUS,

ILLUSTRATED

WITH FIGURES;

DIRECTIONS RELATIVE TO THE CULTIVATION, AND REMARKS ON THE USES
OF THE SEVERAL SPECIES:

ALSO

DESCRIPTIONS OF MANY OTHER TREES

FAMILY OF CONIFER,
BY ;

AYLMER BOURKE LAMBERT, Esa. Firs. §s.A. HS. G.S. MRA.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, MEMBER OF THE IMPEA8ily ACADEMY NATURE-CURIOSORUM, OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MADRID,
‘AND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF RATISBON, &e. &e.

AN APPENDIX
DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF SOME OTHER REMARKABLE PLANTS,

AND AN

ACCOUNT OF THE LAMBERTIAN HERBARIUM,

BY MR. DAVID DON, LIBR. LS. &e.

SECOND EDITION:

LONDON:
MESSRS. WEDDELL, PROSPECT ROW, WALWORTH.

MDGCCXXVIE-

PEC 82

J. HADDON, PRINTER, CASTLE STREET, FINSBURY,

TO

Sm RICHARD COLT HOARE, Bart.

OF

STOURHEAD,
IN THE

COUNTY OF WILTS,

WHO HAS OCCUPIED A LONG AND USEFUL LIFE, IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE,
BY INVESTIGATING THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES
OF HIS OWN AND OTHER COUNTRIES,

AS HIS DIFFERENT PUBLICATIONS FULLY TESTIFY,

THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED,

WITH THE GREATEST RESPECT AND REGARD.

Lcd iv Delp. v\ (O18

TO THE SECOND EDITION.

Tue more frequent intercourse with foreign parts, and consequently the greater facilities which scientific
travellers find in visiting the remoter regions of the earth, have tended infinitely to enlarge our views in every
branch of Natural History, not only by the vast increase of new species, but by the accession of a rich fund
of interesting facts and observations. ‘This new edition of my work on the Coniferw, which I have long con-
templated, will be found to comprise, besides all the species contained in the two former volumes, plates and
descriptions of many new and highly interesting subjects, which, either from want of suflicient materials, were
not included in the second volume, published in 1824, or have been discovered since its publication. Through
the kindness of my excellent friend, Dr. Martius, who has devoted five years to investigating the Botany of the
Brazils, at the expense of His Majesty, the late King of Bavaria, I have been enabled to give the portrait of a
tree of the Araucaria Brasiliana, and likewise of a full-grown cone of the same species. The materials
received since the publication of the second volume, from the late celebrated traveller, Mr. Moorcroft, whose
premature and unfortunate fate science has cause to deplore, have afforded me an opportunity of adding much
both to the plate and description of the Pénus Deodara, which, as a timber tree, is now found to be invaluable.
A plate of the Taxodium sempervirens, and of the curious Thuja dolobrata of Thunberg, form part of the ad-
ditions to the present edition. A specimen with cones of the Pinus Orientalis, collected near Teflis, and presented
to me by Sir Gore Ouseley, has enabled me to complete the plate, and to speak more decidedly to the specific
distinctions of this interesting, and but little known species, than I was justified in doing in my former work.
I have very recently received specimens of a Pine collected in the vicinity of Montevideo by my distinguished
friend, Captain Phillip Parker King, R. N. who is now engaged on an expedition of survey on the coasts of
South America. The tree was reported to Captain King to have been raised from seeds received from
Teneriffe, but as it has folis geminis, and is otherwise quite unlike the Pinus Canariensis, I am inclined to
think that it may have. originally been imported by seed from China, and as it approaches very near to
Pinus Massoniana, it may possibly prove to be the same species; but cones of both are still wanting to
establish this point. While this work was nearly through the press, I received intelligence from my friend,
Mr. Sabine, the distinguished Secretary of the Horticultural Society, of a most remarkable Pine of ex-
iraordinary dimensions, and bearing large cones, with edible nuts, discovered in California by the Society’s
botanical collector, Mr. David Douglas, who has just returned from an expedition to the north-west coast of
America, where he has been for three years. A description of this remarkable tree will appear in the
forthcoming part of the “Transactions of the Linnean Society;’ and, as Mr. Douglas has brought home
abundance of materials, [ hope, through the kindness of Mr. Sabine, who is ever alive to the interests of
science, to give shortly a plate of it. Mr. Douglas has done me the honour to name it Pinus Lambertiana.
The trunk of the largest which Mr. Douglas measured was 215 feet high, perfectly straight, with a diameter
of 19 feet, and the cones 16 inches long, and 9 in circumference; but the general dimensions of the trees are
150 feet in elevation, and from 8 to 14 feet in diameter.* The perusal of the valuable Memoir on the Genera
of the Conifere, by that learned botanist, the late Mons. Richard, and recently published by his son, has led
Mr. Don to re-examine the Dammara Australis and Orientals, as well as Taxodium sempervirens, and thereby

fo correct some important errors into which he had fallen in his descriptions of them.

* Linn. Trans. vol. 15, p. 498.
b

vi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

I have here to acknowledge my obligations to Mr. Don, for the pains he has taken in forming
the descriptions of the new species, and the accurate manner in which the whole has been executed.
Perhaps it will be necessary here to notice several Pines which appear to me to merit being considered as
distinct species; but of which I have not yet been able to obtain sufficient materials to enable me to give
descriptions of them. The /fis¢ is a native of China, from whence I have frequently received the cones: from
these, and a drawing in the possession of the Horticultural Society, it appears to be a very distinct species, and
may, therefore, be called Pinus Sinensis. Several plants of this species have lately been raised in this country,
so that we shall soon become better acquainted with its characters. Having lately seen drawings done by
Japanese artists of the Pinus Abies and Larix, noticed by Thunberg in the Flora Japonica, | am now fully
satisfied of their being perfectly distinct from the European species, with which Thunberg has confounded
them, as I had at first suspected. For the former I would suggest the name of Pinus Thunbergii ; and for
the latter, noticed by Kampfer, that of Pinus Kcempferi. Thunberg’s Pinus Strobus is evidently the same
with my Pinus excelsa. As to his Pinus Cembra and sylvestris, 1 can say nothing; but I have little doubt
that they will prove distinct species. I possess a single plant of a species foliis ternis. It comes near to Pinus
longifolia, and is said to be from Timor. It has hitherto been kept in the conservatory, where it has attained
the height of sixteen feet, bearing male catkins annually.

It gives me infinite satisfaction to have an opportunity of acknowledging the many obligations I am under
to the Honourable the Court of Directors of the East Inpta-Company, to whom botanical science is so much
indebted, for the great zeal and liberality they have shown in making known the vegetable treasures of their
extended Asiatic possessions, by appointing collectors in various parts of India, and by the establishment of
one of the most magnificent Botanic Gardens in the world, at Calcutta, which has furnished to the Gardens
of this country their chief ornaments.

T have also to acknowledge my obligations to that distinguished oriental scholar, Cuartes Winxins, Esq.
who has at all times afforded me free access to the rich collections contained in the Museum of the India
House.

The Appendix will be found to contain plates and descriptions of several very remarkable plants, which
although not necessarily connected with the work, will yet, I hope, not be considered as out of place. These
consist of the Quercus grandifolia from Nepal, the Maclura aurantiaca, or Osage orange, the Ilex Paraguensis,
tea-tree of Paraguay, Ilex Gongonha, or tea-tree of Brazil, Ilex Martiniana; and, lastly, plates of the
two magnificent species of Nepenthes, which were discovered in Singapore by my highly valued and
lamented friend, the late Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. All these it is hoped will add much to the interest of
the work.

At the solicitation of several friends, I have been induced to give, at the end of the work, an
the various collections contained in my Herbarium.

account of
The task of drawing up this account has also fallen to
Mr. Don, who I trust will be found to have executed it in a very satisfactory manner.

London, Ist January, 1828.

TAB. 1,

oops V9

YZ, GE =
Sowerby Delin, Ke: Ly SMS - WU Me CACC a foes Weddell Seulp |

TAB. 1.

PINUS PALLASIANA.

TARTARIAN PINE.

Pinus Paxrasiana, foliis geminis prelongis erectis rigidis canaliculatis, vaginis abbreviatis, antherarum cristé
subrotunda convexd repanda, strobilis ovato-oblongis sapitis curvatis: squamis tuberculatis spinula
terminatis.

Pinus Maritima. Pall. Ind. Taur. (fide specim. in Herb, Lamb.)

Pinus Pinea. Habl. Taur. p. 97.

Pinus Halepensis. Marsch. d Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. UL. Pp. 408. (exclus. Synon. practer Pall. et Habl.)
Pinus Laricio. Marsch. é Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl. IIL p. 623, (exclus. Synon. preter Pall. et Habl.)

Habitat in Taurie Chersonesi regionibus occidentalibus Jugi montium excelsiorum ad Maris Nigri littora usque
Yalta et Alushta. Pallas, Marschall x Bierberstein.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor ampla, magnitudine Pini sylvestris, at multd magis diffusa, ab apice juxta feré basin ramos numerosos
magnos divisos declinato-horizontali-patentes apicibus assurgentibus emittit; inferioribus feré truncum
ipsum eequantibus. Cortex rimosus, rugosus, fuscus, in laminis deciduus. Lignum compactum, album, cen-
tro brunneo-rubrum, resind turgidum, valdé nodosum. Folia gemina, conferta, erecta, rigida, semicylin-
drica, glabra, lucidula, laté viridia, 5 pollices longa, margine asperé serrulata, supra canaliculata, apice
mucrone cartilagineo pungente instructa. Vagine breves, vix semiunciales, teretes, extiis squamis laxis
tectee, ad margines lacerato-membranacez, albz, basi squamé | lataé longé
induraté munite. Amenta terminalia, sessilia,
mascula numerosa, simplicia, cylindrica,

ba A 3
P inferné persistente
basi squamis numerosis lanceolatis cuspidatis bracteata;

ialia, densa; staminib monadelphis; an¢heris linearibus,
bilocularibus, inferné. rima longitudinali rumpentibus, pollen granulosum sulphureum effundentibus,
apice auctis appendice aut cristé subrotundd convexA repanda: fwminea ovata, terna, basi squamis
numerosis lanceolatis membranaceis laxis densé instructa, viridia, erecta, denique fuscescentia, patentia:
squamis brevibus, circumscriptione rotundatis, crassis, marginatis, retrorsim imbricatis, supra. carinatis et
convexis. S¢rodili plerumque terni, ovato-oblongi, 5-unciales, sessiles, diametro ad basin 2-unciali, de-

clinato-penduli, cinerei, versus apicem subattenuati, decuryati: squamis induratis, ligneis, apice dilatatis,

trapezoideis, depresso-4-angulis, cinereis, centro tuberculo fusco conico spinulé terminato elevatis.
Semina obovata, testd utrinque convexd crustaced: a/a tenuis, membranacea, falciformis, oblonga, acuta,
integerrima.

This tree is confined to the central regions of the Crimea, forming considerable forests on the western de-
clivity of the chain of lofty mountains which extend along the coast of the Black Sea. It is called Tzaam in
the Tartar language, and forms a tree of great size. Its wood is very knotty and resinous, and very durable,
according to Professor Pallas; but difficult to form into good planks on account of its knotty texture. The
same distinguished traveller informs us, that the largest beams obtained from it are from 4 to 6 yards in length.
The resin of this tree, which is produced in vast quantities, Pallas says “ has a pleasant odour, and is employed
in fumigating, like that of the Mountain Pine procured from Moldavia.” This valuable tree was first raised in
this country about fifteen years ago by Mr. Lee, from seeds communicated to him by Professor Pallas. Of all
Pines this is the one best adapted for thin chalky soils, and maritime situations, and might be successfully
employed for covering our barren sea downs, which at present produce nothing. A few trees, which I planted
at Boyton about twelve years ago, are now thirty feet high, and very luxurious; although the soil, in which they
are, is scarcely two inches thick on a bed of solid chalk. The tree throws out branches almost to the
base of the trunk, which extending in a horizontal direction, protect the roots from the scorching rays of the
sun in summer, and likewise serve to retain moisture in the soil. The present Duke of Marlborough planted at
White Knights, from sixty to seventy young plants of this species, which have now attained considerable size.
It is a remarkable fact, that, although the trees at Boyton House produce plenty of cones annually, the seeds
have never yet ripened. This species is distinguished from Pinus maritima by the much greater size of its cones,
which are most frequently curved and grow in twos or threes together, with their scales tubercular and termi-
nated each by a small hard spinous point. The leaves of P. Padlasiana are likewise double the length of those
of maritima, rigid and much thicker, and the crest of its anthers is twice as broad and more rounded. It also
differs from P. Laricio by its straight and rigid leaves, furnished with a shorter sheath, and by its cones being
double the size, frequently curved with conical scales; and lastly, by the spreading and branchy habit of the tree
itself. The cones of variety 6 represented in the plates are constantly straight, by which mark it differs from

the variety «,

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 1.

Branch with cones,

Female catkins,

Young cones.

Male catkins.

Scales of the female catkin, shewing the stigma.
Anther surmounted by their appendage or crest.
Cone,

Scale of the cone shewing the seeds,

Leaves with their sheath and stipule-like scale.

Maat oop
st fi

Saige

Cones of variety a,

5 y s ( fj) J, ‘
oe
Leis Yurlati td
Sowerby Delin. Weldell Sculp.

TAB, 2.

PINUS SPECTABILIS.

PURPLE-CONED FIR.

Prxus specranixis, foliis linearibus solitariis planis secundis patentibus apice emarginatis subtis niveis,

antherarum crista bicorni, strobilis erectis cylindraceis crassis nudis,

Pinus tinctoria et Webbiana. Wallich in Literis.

Habitat in Alpe Gosaignsthan Nepalensium dict4, atque in aliis regionibus jugi Emodi seu Himalayz.

W.S. Webb.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor. magna, formosa, pyramidata, 80-90 pedalis; diametro trunci juxta basin 3-4-pedali, Rami numerosi,

horizontalitér patentes iterum et iterum divisi, densé foliosi, in verticillis ad nodos dispositi, cortice pallido-
cinereo rugoso scrobiculato tecti: apicibus assurgenti-incurvis. Lignum compactum, albo-roseum. Folia
Iinearia, solitaria, conferta, secunda, patentia, coriacea glaberrima, lucida, sesqui v. bipollices longa,
je as

1h, Tat .
» Ite-

2 lineas lata, supra intensé latéque viridia, lined depress4. medio » margine
gerrima, subtls nivea, apice emarginata. Amenta lateralia, sessilia, basi squamis numerosis brevibus
appressé imbricatis (masculis) rotundatis membranceis (foemineis) até ovatis cincta; mascula numerosa,
cylindrica, gracilia, simplicia, é latere inferiore ramulorum extremorum enata: stamina monadelphia:
antheris brevibus, obcuneatis, brevé pedicellatis, retrorstim imbricatis, apice cristé convexd subreniformi
superné conicd bicorni umbratis: corniculis brevissimis, obtusis, divaricatis; JSeminea solitaria, oblonga,
cylindracea, erecta, uncialia, atropurpurea: sqguamis brevibus, cuneato-rotundatis, margine membranaceis,
repando-denticulatis, apice recurvatis, mucronatis. S¢robili solitarii, erecti, obtusi, cylindracei, 4 v. 6
pollices longi, diametro sesqui v. biunciali, ad Jatus superius ramulorum extremorum adnati, colore in-
tensé purpureo, turgidi resind, cujus globulis numerosis crystallinis pendulis irrorati; expressione tincttis
materiem colore purpureo usurpandam largientes: squamis brevibus, latissimé cuneatis, apice valdé dilatatis,
coriaceis, circumscriptione rotundatis, integerrimis, inflexis, densé imbricatis, sine acumine (ut in P. piced
et balsamed), basi infra squamula persistente auctis. Semina ovali-oblonga, angulata, test4 crustaceo-
coriaceé crass4 obvoluta, gustu acri et odore intenso resince gaudent: ada tenuis, membranacea, lata, inte-
gerrima, obovato-dolabriformis,

4
This is undoubtedly the finest of the Fir tribe. I am indebted to the kindness of my friend Dr. Wallich for
excellent specimens of it. It was discovered by Gaptain W. S. Webb, a distinguished traveller, and a zealous
investigator of natural history, deservedly known for his admirable survey of the Himalaya Alps. Ihave, at
various times, received seeds of it from Dr. Wallich, but their vegetable power has always been destroyed.
It is very much to be regretted that no plants of this splendid fir have been raised in this country, as it would
prove a most valuable acquisition to our lawns, and likewise a tree of great utility, from its fine timber, which
even equals in the texture of. its grain and in odour ithe Bermudas ,cedar (Juniperus Bermudiana, Linn.)
I have received a very fine specimen of the timber from my often-mentioned friend Dr. Wallich. The seeds
of this species possess a greater portion of resin, and a stronger turpeutine smell, than any other with which
I am acquainted.

I shall subjoin the following highly interesting extracts, respecting this Fir, from letters received from
Captain Webb, during his residence in Nepal, and by Dr. Wallich transmitted tome. “ This purple-coned
Pine is called Oumur. It attains a height of 80 or 90 feet, with a diameter of the stem near the ground of
3 to 4feet. The cone about 3} inches long, and 1} inch in diameter, is produced on the extremity of the
shoots. ‘The'leaves-are about-one inch ‘long, of a ‘beautiful bright green, ‘having a white stripe along the centre.
The wood is used for planes. “The fruit, in an incipient state, is attached to the specimens, and is said to
yield at full growth an Indigo or purple pigment by expression. The silvery hue of its bark, the beau-
tiful contrast of the leaves with the rich purple of the cone, glittering with globules .of transparent resin,
produce in combination one of the most striking objects which can well be imagined; it is entitled to
, and would, I doubt not, bethought;a desirable acquisition in England.”

d tal

pre for ornax P

EXPLANATION OF TABLE 2.

B, B, B. Branches bearing male catkins.

C. Female catkin.

D. Scale of the female catkin.

E, E. — Anthers.

F Leaf.

G. Portion of a ripe cone shewing the rachis, to which the scales are
attached.

H. Scale of the cones, shewing the seeds.

i Seed,

2H) we:

ZL Z\) if
yy, 7 A. p, SB
~4

My

as

—~S
\

a

4 /

V
|
fi;

Weddell Sculp.

‘Sowerby Detin.

Pie Vea
, yD G eee

TAB. 3.

PINUS EXCELSA.

BHOTAN PINE.

Pinus excexsa, foliis quinis pralongis tenuissimis laxis, antherarum cristé subrotunda simplici truncata lace-
rata, strobilis cylindraceis levibus pendulis foliis longioribus.

Pinus excelsa. Wallich in literis.

Habitat in Nepalid ad Narainhetty (Buchanan), in Bhotanid (W. S. Webb,) in Nepalic Alpibus. Wallich.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor excelsa, formosa, pyramidata, ad 90 usque 120 pedes attingens. Rami numerosi, assurgentes, divisi, -

in verticillis ad nodos dispositi, Cortex integerrimus, levis, mollis, plumbeo-cinereus. Lignum album,
turgidum resind terebintaced limpida. Folia quina, prelonga, tenuissima, triquetra, laxa, glauco-viridia,
lenta, 5 v.7 pollices longa, angulis denticulis remotis exasperata, apice mucronulo calloso instructa, ad
ramulos undique conferta atque versus apices ramulorum penicillata, supra bi liculata, sub-
tus plana. Vagine vix semiunciales, caducee, squamis numerosis’ lineari-oblongis fulvis membranaceis

imbricate. Amenta terminalia, basi squamis pluribus membranaceis fuscis suffulta; mascula ovata, bre-

via, obtusa, sessilia, densa, in capite glomerata, 3 lineas longa, 1 lineam crassa: staminibus monadelphis:
antheris brevissimis, subrotundis, bilocularibus, infern? rimé longitudinali dehiscentibus, polline sulph

turgidis, apice auctis cristé parva subrotundé simplici membranaceé rufo-fuscd, margine fimbriato-lacera;

feminea oblonga, cylindracea terna v. quaterna, erecta, pedunculata: squamis lat® rotundatis, introrsim
imbricatis, coriaceis, crassis, marginatis, levibus. Strobili 3 v. 4, cylindracei, pedunculati, nudi, levi-
gati, 6 pollicares, ad maturitatem penduli, diametro 2-unciali, versus apicem subattenuati: squamis latissi-
mis, cuneatis, coriaceis, crassis, appress® imbricatis, levissimis, luteo-fuscis, supern mucrone brevi crasso
obtuso atrofusco apiculatis. Semina ovoidea, ancipiti-compressa: testa ossea, nigrescens, maculis cinereis

notata: ala oblonga, obtusa, membranacea, ferruginea, subacinaciformis, reticulata.

This species approaches so near in habit and in the: figure of its cones to Pinus Strobus, that were it
not for the simple round membranous crest of the anthers, it would be almost impossible to distinguish their
limits as distinct species. The leaves of this species are considerably longer than those of the P. Strobus,

D

6

and the cones larger. I have been fortunate in raising many young plants of this fine species, which, how-
ever, are still so small, that I have not yet ventured. to put them out in the open ground; but J have little
doubt, considering the great elevation at which it is found, that it will prove equally hardy with the Weymouth
Pine. This Pine is frequent both in Upper Nepal and Bhotan; in the former country it was first gathered
in the year 1802, by Dr. Francis Hamilton, near Narainhetty, and it is noticed in his “ Account of Nepal,”
under the name of Pinus Strobus, from which he did not venture to separate it. I am indebted to my excellent
friend Dr. Wallich for numerous fine specimens of it in various states. -He informs me that in Nepal
it is known by the names of Deooshera, Deoologhosee or Dhoop, words belonging to the Nawarree and Parbuttee
languages. I shall conclude this article by adding the following interesting extract from Captain W. S.
Webb's letters: “ Lemshing in the Bhotea, Raesula (or King of Firs) in the Hindustanee language. This
large tree is found in most parts of Bhotan ; and its timber is preferred above all the ‘rest, by the Bhoteas,
The cone in an incipient state is erect, but as it approaches to maturity it declines, and ultimately becomes
pendulous, before its scales open, It yields in great quantities a pure and limpid turpentine, by the slightest
incision; and appears to me to merit the title of pre-eminence which has been conferred upon it, in every

respect.”

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 3.

Cone-bearing branch.
Branch with the male catkins.
Leaves.

San

Stipule-like scale.
Male catkin,
Anther.

Young cones.

-

Cone half grown.

SEP sh

Scale of the cones, shewing the seeds.

PINUS DUMOSA.

ALPINE FIR.

Pius pumoss, foliis solitariis linearibus ‘obtusis secundis, subtus glaucis, margine deflexis, versus apicem
denticulatis, strobilis ovatis terminalibus solitariis: squamis rotundatis margine erosis.

Habitat in Alpe immensd Gosaingsthan Nepalensium, ubi Silloo-hatarhee dicta (Wallick), in Bhotani
alpibus. W. S. Webb.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor procera, facie P. Canadensis, densa, Rami numerosi, patuli, virgati, cortice cinereo-fusco obducti. Folia
solitaria, linearia, obtusa, secunda, magis conferta quam in P, Canadensi, 5 lineas aut pollicem longa,
} linee latitudine, supra viridia, nitida, subtus glauca, margine deflexa, versus apicem obsoleté denticu-
lata. Strobili ovati, mucronulati, terminales, solitarii, laves, sessiles: squamis laté rotundatis, feré mem-
branaceis, cinereo-fuscis, margine crispulatis et erosis, Semina parva, cuneata, ferruginea, ald oblongd
obtusa pallida nitidé scarioso-membranacea instructa.

Obs. Pino Canadensi omnino similis; at differt foliis longioribus margine deflexis magis confertis, strobilis

majoribus cum squamis omnibus manifesté erosis.

Having only seen imperfect specimens of this species, I was unable to give a figure of it. The specimens
had all dropt their leaves; but, from their form and insertion, as well as the figure of the cones, it clearly
appears to be very nearly allied to the Hemlock Spruce, (P. Canadensis), differing, however, from it in having
longer and more crowded leaves, with their margin deflected: the cones are larger, with the scales waved and
somewhat torn at the margins. It is found both in Nepal and Bhotan. Dr. Wallich’s collectors have
gathered it on Gosaingsthan, one of the lofty peaks of the Himalaya or Emodus, _ It is said to be found only at
great elevations, In Nepal, it is called Silloo-hatarhee, and in Bhotan Tongshing. The following extract respecting
this Fir is from Captain Webb’s letters: “ This Pine was found in the southern confines of Bhotan, where it
is called Tongshing. It delights in elevated positions, throwing out branches at fifteen or twenty feet.
The leaves are extremely deciduous, a trifling shake being sufficient to detach them. The wood is not

used, being likely to warp.”

PINUS DEODARA.

INDIAN CEDAR.

P. Deopara, foliis fasciculatis per ibus acutis triquetris rigidis, strobilis geminis ovalibus obtusis erectis:

squamis appressis,

Pinus Deodar.. Rowb. Fl. Ind, ined.

Habitat in Indie Orientalis montibus ad urbis Rohilcund Septentrionem. Roxburgh.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor maxima, trunco crassissimo ad usque 3--4 pedes diametro.. Rami ampli, patentissimi, superné foliosi.

Ramul assurgentes, tuberculosi é basi foliorum persistente, cortice:cinereo obducti. Folia -in fasciculis

, rigida, p ia, triquetra, sesquipollicaria, acicularia, viridia, lucida, bicanaliculata, apice
acuta, callosa, Strobili pedunculo tereti crasso dichotomo gemini, ovales, obtusissimi, erecti, vix bipol-
licares, crassitie unciales et ultra: squamis latissimis, transversé oblongis, lamelliformibus, ferrugineo-
fuscis, appressé imbricatis, margine integerrimis atque planis, feré membranaceis. Semina parva,

cuneata: ala obovata, membranacea, fusca.

The Pinus Deodara is a tree of great size, and is rendered interesting by its near affinity, to the Cedar of
Lebanon. . In the Hindustanee language it is called Devadara or “God Tree,” and is held in great venera-
tion by the Hindoos. ‘The cones grow in pairs on a shortish, thick, woody, forked footstalk. Those of the Pinus
Cedrus are almost sessile and solitary. The leaves are also different from those of P. Cedrus, being longer, and
more distinctly 3-sided. I have received from Dr. Wallich a section of the trunk of the P._Deodara, measuring
nearly four feet in diameter. The wood is very resinous, and possesses a strong turpentine smell, very
different from that of the Cedar of Lebanon ; but it is so very porous, and of so coarse a grain, that I should
judge it to be of very little use, unless for fuel.

Ty, zy
: ie : cou WPL ; Weddell Sc.

B

Wy
i,

SOW Z eae.
Db YW
v, De
lin
cA
AA
Ms,
We.
Z
‘ZA
7
LZ |
0
es
ade
Le,
nA We
ulp.

TAB. 4.

ARAUCARIA. Juss.
DOMBEYA. Lam.
PINI SP. Molin.

DESCRIPTIO.

Flores dioici. Mase. Amentum dipsaciforme, ovato-cylindricum. Squame nunerose, sessiles, imbricatltm ad

axim communem conicum compactee, filamentorum emule, obovate, sublignose, acumine oblongo
reflexo. Anthere humerose, oblonge, biloculares pauld infra acumen Squamarum connate, posted de-

pendentes, liberae, initio squamis adpresse, tandém, emisso polline, divaricate.

Fem: Amentum ovatum, in quo Squama numerose, cuneiformes, biflore. Germen cuneiforme, compressum
duobus lateribus oppositis. Stylus nullus. Stigma bivalve, callosum, crassum: valvularum exterior

ovato-acuminata, major, coneava, acumine lineari inflexo; interior minor, sublinearis, obtusa, erecta.
Pericarpium: St¢robilus spherico-ovatus, cujus Squame conniventes, coriaceo-lignose, cuneiformes, acu-
mine longo subulato terminate, disperme. Semen: Vue cuneiformis, apice terminata ald brevi, callosa,
marginali, basi obtusé tetragona, dehine gibba, superné compressa, lateribus Oppositis: zegumento cori-

aceo. Nucleus ejusdem figure. Pavon Dissert. in Mem. Acad. Reg. Med. Matrit. I. p- 197.

This genus belongs to the sixteenth class of the Linnean system, called Monadelphia, and to the Natural
Order Coniferee of Jussieu and Linneus,

In the month of September, 1782, I left, for some time, my companion Don Hippolito Ruiz, and visited
the mountains named Caramavida and Naguelbuta belonging to the Llanista, Peguen and Araucano Indians,
I spared neither pains nor expense in fulfilling the object of my mission, and amongst many plants, which
were the result of my two months excursion, I found in flower and fruit the tree which I am about to
describe.

The chain or Cordillera of the Andes offers to the view in general a rocky soil, and in parts wet and bogey,
on account of the abundance of rain and snow, which fall in these regions, similar to many provinces of: Spain.
There are to.be seen large forests of this tree, which rises to the amazing height of 150 feet: its trunkis
quite straight and without knots, ending ina pyramid formed of horizontal branches, which decrease in length
gradually towards the top, and is covered with a double bark: the imner is five or six inches thick, fungous,
‘tenacious, porous and light, from which as almost from all other parts flows resin in abundance: the outer is of
nearly equal thickness, resembling Cork cleft in various directions, and equally resinous with the inner.

F

10

I have found only one species of this genus, which I call imbricata on account of its imbricated leaves,
and which may be defined as follows:

A. imbricata, foliis octonis imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis mucronatis perennantibus.

Pinus Araucana. Molin. Sagg. sulla Storia Nat. del Chili, p. 182.

Truncus vectissimus, 150 pedes sepé altus, coma frondosissima. conico-pyramidali terminatus: cujus cortex
est fungosus, valdé rimosus, crassitie semipalmari. Rami verticillati, sex septemve in singulis verticillis, et
sepilis octo in inferioribus, horizontales, extremitatibus inflexo-adscendentibus. Ramudi erecti. Folia imbricata,
sessilia, subdecurrentia, versus basin incrassata, ovato-lanceolata, stricta, apice rigido-mucronata, verticillata,
sena, septena octonaque, concava, rigida, glaberrima, nitida, coriacea, perennantia, margine cartilaginea,
inferiuss subcarinata, notata lineis longitudinalibus utrinque punetatis.. Amenta masculina in distincté arbore,
et in apice ramulorum, quatuor, quinque, sexve aggregata, pedunculata, ovato-cylindrica, dipsaciformia, erecta,
sublutea: squame arcté imbricate, minores quam in flore foemineo.

Strobili cordiformes, solitarii, cernui, terminales, brevitér pedunculati, capitis humani magnitudine: Squame
cuneiformes, glabra, acumine longo subulato terminate, coriaceo-lignose.

Semina cuneiformia, seepits gibba, gemina, tegumento coriaceo castaneze coloris. Pavon in 1. c.

Habitat copiosissimé in Sylvis Chili (Cordilleras de los Andes vulgd nominatis) et prope Araucum et in
montibus Caramavida, Naguelbuta, Tucassel, Santa Barbara, Nacimiento, et juxta Oppidum Conceptionis Chili.
Floret Septembri, Octobri, et Novembri. Appellatus vulgd Pino de Chile et Peguen. Pavon in dc.

The wood of this tree is of a yellowish white, fibrous and full of very beautiful veins, capable of being
polished and worked with facility. It is probably the best adapted for ship-building, as has been shewn by the
experiments made by Don Francisco Dendariarena in the year 1780, in consequence of which orders were given
to supply the squadron commanded by Don Antonio Bacaro, then at anchor in the port of Talcaguano.

The resin abounding in all parts of the tree is white, its smell like that of frankincense, its taste not unpleasant.
It is applied in plaster as a powerful remedy for contusions and putrid ulcers; it cicatrizes recent wounds, it
strengthens fractures and relaxations, it mitigates headaches, and is used as a diurectic (in pills) to facilitate and
cleanse venereal ulcers. The Indians make use of the fruit of this tree as a very nourishing food; they eat it
raw, as well as boiled and roasted ; with it they form pastry, and distill from it a spirituous liquor. There
are stated times to collect the fruit, which they preserve to make use of as required.

Messieurs Lamarck and de Jussieu saw in Paris the specimens, which I had given to M. Dombey; and although
Lamarck refers to them, without mentioning the description, which I also gave to M. Dombey, I fear that he
made no use of it, as Jussieu, the possessor of the specimens, in speaking of the female flowers, does not take
upon himself to decide, whether the scales, which crown the nut, are stigmas or not; and which M. Lamarck
says could only be determined in Chili, They proved without doubt, their talent and acuteness; but they had
not the opportunity that I had, of examining the tree itself.

T observed, amongst other things, that the interior of each scale had two ovaries, which Molina had also
remarked; but the French professors said that it had only one, and, consequently, that the nut which followed
in each scale was solitary. M. de Jussieu was, likewise, mistaken in calling the testa or covering of the nuts
evalvular and without sutures. As far as relatesto the anther, Jussieu certainly explained himself better than
Lamarck; he says that they were 10 or 12, and I have always found them in greater number. I omit other
mistakes, as they do not belong to the fructification, in which the characters above mentioned ought to be
reformed.

The preceding elaborate account is taken from a valuable paper of Don Joseph Pavon’s, inserted in the
first volume of the ‘“‘ Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid.’ In a letter which I have
lately received, M. Pavon mentions an important particular, not noticed in the above description, namely, that
the male tree is not half the size of the female, seldom exceeding 40 feet in height, with the leaves very much
like those of the Araucaria Brasiliana, although of a different texture and colour. Iam indebted to M. Pavon
for native specimens of it, and for the drawing from which the greater part of the fine engraving accompanying
this account was taken. Figures A, D, E, and F, have been added from speci st J in the neighb
hood of Mendoza in Chili, by Mr. Menzies in Vancouver's Voyage, and now deposited in the Benkoan
Herbarium.

11

The cone here figured is scarcely half grown, which M. Pavon was induced totake, from the great difficulty of
procuring an entire full grown cone ; they being so:liable to fall to pieces when ripe, and to be devoured by
birds and other animals, ‘The only plants of this species, in the country, are those contained in the Royal garden
at Kew; they were raised from seeds brought home by Mr. Menzies,

One of these trees planted in the open
ground is now 12 feet high, and seems perfectly hardy,

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 4.

Branch of the female tree.

Branch of the male tree terminated by a ripe catkin.
Portion of a branch terminated by a cone.

Male catkins,

Section of a young male catkin.

‘Young anthers.

Sop >
o

=

am

Ripe anthers,
Foliaceous appendage of the nut
Ovaries,

Nut terminated by its leafy appendage.

AS © bo ps

Kernel,

TAB, 5.

ARAUCARIA BRASILIANA.

BRAZIL PINE.

Aravcarta Brasiiiana, foliis laxé imbricatis lanceolatis mucronatis glauco-viridibus subtus carinatis, amentis

foemineis subrotundo-ovalibus: squamis apice recurvatis, ovariis solitaris

Habitat copiosé in Brasilize montibus nemorosis Organos dictis, non procul ab urbe Rio de Janeiro.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor facie et mole praccedentis ; sed mags laxa et diffusa. Rami numerosi, foliosi, approximati, nunc feré ver-
ticillati. Ramuli (in arbore juveni) Jenti, patuli, yiminei, teretes, cortice viridi levique obducti. Folia
lanceolata, mucronata, integerrima, hatid cartilaginea, plurimiim magis laxa atque substantia triplo
tenuiora quam precedente, glaberrima, supra concava, lecté viridia atque nitida, subtus glauca et carinata,
aliquanté lenta, 1 v. 2 pollices longa, 3 lineas lata, utrinque sed preesertim subtus punctis lineatis numerosis
minutissimis notata; dtm illa arboris tener sunt: sparsa, patentia, lineari-lanceolata, attenuata, bipollicaria,
vix2 lineas lata. Amenta mascula nondtim vidi; feeminea subrotundo-ovalia, in apice ramulorum solitaria,
sessilia, facie et magnitudine capiti Dipsaci sylvestris stmilia: squamis crassis, compressis, cuneato-oblongis,
quadrangulis, substantia firma suberosa, supra receptaculum conico-cylindricum densé collocatis, singulis
appendice lanceolata acutd recurvata terminatis, ad basin lateris superioris intls cavis, atque foeta nuce soli-
tarié monosperma instructis. Nua facie et colore omnind praccedentis.

The Chili and Brazil Pines have long been regarded as identically the same species; but a careful investi-

* gation proves them to be essentially different. ‘The Brazilian species is characterized by its more spreading and
branchy habit; by its loosely imbricated, longer, glancous-green leaves, which are of a much thinner and more
flexible texture than those of 4. imbricata and terminated by a less rigid point; and lastly, by the form of
its female amenta which are rounded-oval, with the seales terminated by a short, een iateeolaics acute, re-
curved appendage or scale, and bearing each solitary ovuda. Its quick and vigorous growth is also an important
characteristic mark. The Araucaria imbricata is, on the contrary, of remarkable slow growth, with
the leaves closely imbricated, very rigid, dark green on both sides, and of a thick coriaceous texture, car-
tilaginous at the margins. The scales of the female amentaare terminated by a much longer, broad-lanceolate,

Sowerby, Delin.

Weddell, Scudp.

ol oe Wl Ly he

Va , ) ay aes
Y PAS paper ‘, Weddell. Se:

A Manz Del. VC COP CCL

18

pointed, leafy-like appendage. The ovuda are constantly two, according to M. Pavon. Baron Langsdorff the
Russian Consul General in the Brazils was so kind as to send me some years ago a few seeds of the
Brazilian Pine, from which I was fortunate in raising one plant, which is now eight feet high and very luxuriant.
It propagates freely by cuttings, and in that way Ihave obtained since, many young plants, from that tree.
Mr. Lee, some years ago, succeeded in raising several hundreds from seed, which he obtained from the Brazils,
several of them are now from six to eight feet high. He also received an entire cone, which I was not fortu-
nate enough to see; but from the description he gave me of it, it appears to have been of nearly the same shape
and size with the Chili Pine, and like it, drooping. The nuts seldom succeed when sown, unless those obtained
with the entire cone. They are sold asan article of food in the streets of Rio de Janeiro. The specimen from
which our drawing was taken is in the possession of Dr. Sims who kindly lent it me. Tt was collected in the
Brazils by Mr. Sello a naturalist in the service of the king of Prussia.

EXPLANATION OF TABLE 5.

A. Branch of the female tree, with two young cones.
B. Leaf.

TAB. 6.

DAMMARA AUSTRALIS.
DAMMARA. Rumph.
AGATHIS. Salisb.

PINI SP. Lamb.

Flores monoici. Masc, Amentum cylindricum, valdé compactum, firmum, Anthere in singulé squamé 3 ! pendule,
sub pelt& convexd ossed adnati, vix inter se coalite, circa latus inferius columella disposita, singulz,
biloculares, duplici rima longitudinali dehiscentes, Foem. Amentum ovali-oblongum, compactum, _ teres,
leve. Strobilus turbinatus : squamis crassis, coriaceis, cuneatis, exts convexis. Semina ad singulam

squamam bina, cuneata, ald membranace Ainstructa: festa crassa, crustacea. Embryo rectus, ovali-ob-

longus, dicotyledoneus, cavitati seminis conformis: cotyl. orbiculate, pl crassee : radicula
cotyledonibus duplé longior, recta, basi obtusa et attenuata.

Arbores (Amboine: et Novee--Zeeland. Insular.) ample, frondosce, Podocarpi facie, resiniflue. Folia elliptica, v, ob-

longa, lata, plana, solitaria, nune opposita. Flores monoici, utriusque seats in amentis solitariis digesti.

Dawmara Avsrratis, foliis alternis lineari-oblongis ellipticisve enerviis rigidis, strobilis turbinatis : squamis
apice patulis acutis.

Habitat in Nova-Zeelandiz nemoribus copiosé presertim circa stuarium Queen Charlotte’s dictum.

e DESCRIPTIO,

Arbor vasta, 80 ad 140 pedes alta. Truncus sstrictissimus, 40 y. 70-pedalis ad -usque ramos, diametro 4-7

pedali, cortice integro crasissimo plumbeo tectus, Rami numerosi, patentes, subremoti, crassi-
tudine corporis humani, in ramulis itertim et iterim divisi, superné adscendentes,
lapsu foliorum nudi. Lignum album, resind. liquida terebinthaced, turgidum, Folia numerosa, alterna,
sessilia, lineari-oblonga v. raritis elliptica eorum Buai texture: atque faciei feré similia,

rima, marginata, coriacea, rigida, erecto-patentia, unam v. sesqui ollicem
3] 3) ) ip

frondosi, inferné de

obtusa, integer-
(nunc solim semiunciam) longa,

Tab.o

8.

CLammarda ey, VISIO CD |

Weddell Sculp.

Delin.

Sowerby,

15

3 lineas v. rarilis semiunciam lata, utrinque plana, nitida, enervia, pallidé viridia, basi Jatiuscula, vix an-
gustata (ut in D, orientali), Amenta solitaria, in apice_ramulorum axillaria, pedicello crasso_ brevissimo
suffulta; mascula cylindrica, erecta, uncialia, diametro 9-lineari, valdé compacta, imbricata, dura, basi
nonnullis bracteolis rotundatis instructa: antheris in singula squama 3! pendulis, sub pelté vy, cristé convexA
suborbiculata crass& ossed integerrima adnatis, vix inter se coalitis, circa latus inferius columellz dispo-
sitis, singulis polline sulphureo turgidis, bilocularibus, duplici rimé longitudinali dehiscentibus ; feminea
erecta, oblonga, uncialia, pedicello brevissimo crasissimoque ligneo suffulta. Strobili sparsi, in summo
ramulorum solitarii, turbinati, erecti, pedicellati: sgwamis brevibus, latissimé cuneatis, crassis, coriaceis,
arcté imbricatis, intts ferrugineis, margine dilatatis undulatis atque membranaceis, extls versus apicem
crassioribus, ligneis, cartilagineis, lzevissimis, duris, plumbeo-cinereis, apice patulis acutis, Semina bina,

cuneata, fusca, apice al tenuissimé membranaced integerrima obliqua pallida instructa.

When I published my former work on Pines; although I was well aware that the Dammar would prove a
very different genus from Pinus; yet, as I had not then sufficient materials to enable me clearly to define its
characteristic marks, I preferred uniting it to that genus. Great credit is due to Mr, Salisbury, who, in his valua-
ble paper on the Conifere inserted in the “eighth volume of the Transactions of the Linnzan Society,” was
the first to separate it, and has there, with great accuracy, determined its distinguishing characters, The fine
species, of which I have here given a figure is a valuable addition to the genus, and will serve to illustrate and
establish with greater precision those important marks, on which the genus is founded. I have retained the
old name given to this genus by Rhumphius, in preference to that proposed by Mr. Salisbury. I am not dis-
posed to agree with that gentleman regarding the structure of the anthers, which he considers as beg many-
celled ; instead of considering each as composed of three bilocular anthers very slightly cohering together.

This latter is the yiew, which I am inclined to take respecting the structure of the anthers in Dammara,
and I am farther supported in this opinion, by the same structure occurring in Araucaria, where the anthers
are still more evidently separate from each other. In Dammara the cotyledons are two, and constantly undi-
vided, having none of those longitudinal lines of separation, which we find in Abietince Cupressine and other
sections of the order Conifere, The Dammara Australis may justly be ranked as one of the finest timber trees
which New Zealand produces, often rising to the amazing height of 140 feet, with a diameter, near the base,
of 4or7 feet, Its trunk is straight and even-grained, rendering it very suitable for ship masts. The tree
yields, both by incision and spontaneously, vast quantities of a pure and limpid resin, which soon hardens on
exposure to the air, An extensive cabinet-maker has tried this resin in varnishing, and declares that it is
equal, if not superior, to the best copal yarnish. This valuable resin is perhaps deserving of attention as an

article of commerce. For the branch, represented in the plate, I am indebted to the friendship of John

Deas Thomp Esq. C issi of the Navy. It was brought home by Capt. Downie, under whose
orders two ships were sent by Government sometime ago, for the purpose of procuring timber fit for ship-
buildmg. Captain Downie had the kindness to present me with a large mass of the Cowrie resin, contained
in a box made of the timber, which, in grain, resembles the finest deal.* The Pinus Dammara, which I pro-

pose to call Dammara Orientalis, may be characterised as follows:

* Tam indebted tomy friend John Barrow, Esq., Secretary to the Admiralty, for the following statement of a comparison, which he made
between a pieceof Cowrie and Riga Fir.
A piece of Cowrie 14 inch square, 3 feet long, suspended 10 inches from the end, bore the weight of lewt. 2qrs. 15lbs. at the other end,
before it broke. The piece weighed IIb. 10oz.
A piece of Riga Fir bore the weight of lewt, 2qrs. 1llb. The piece weighed, IIb. 8oz.
I

16

D. Onzenratts, foliis oppositis ovali-oblongis nervosis basi attenuatis, strobilis turbinatis: squamis adpressis
apice rotundatis.

Dammara alba. Rumph. Amb. 2. p. 174. t. 57.
Pinus Dammara. Lamb. Pin. p.- 82. t. 88.

Arbor Javanensis visci foliis latioribus conjugatis, Dammara alba dicta. D. Sherard. Rati Hist: 3. dendr.
130.

Habitat in Amboine montibus altis.

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 6.

A. Branch with a cone and male catkins,

B. Male catkin. }

(on A transverse section of the same.

D, D. Anthers attached to the col lla and sur ted by the crest.
E, Anther separate. ;

F. Cone.

G, G. Scales of the cone.

H, H. Seeds.

JUNIPERUS SQUAMATA.

CREEPING CEDAR,
J. Savamara, foliis ternis adpresse imbricatis ovato-oblongis acutis acuminatisve ; emarcidis persistentibus ;
novellis inflexo apice quasi obtusis, baccis ovatis summo umbilicatis, ramis ramulisque confertissimis

teretibus, caule prostrato.

Habitat in Bhotaniz Alpibus. W. S. Webb.

Frutex magnus, d bens, ¥ issimus. Rami ampli, 3-6-pedales, reclinati, apice adscendentes, cortice
fusco-purpureo in laminis deciduo tecti, Ramuli cum novellis confertissimi, teretes, undique foliis im-
bricati, Folia terna, oblonga, adpressé imbricata, intense? viridia, levissima, exttis convexa; novella ple-
rumque obtusa, apice inflexo; adultiora acuta v. sepilis acuminata; emarcida semper apice elongato
acuminato instructa, persistentia, ad ramos utpoté squame adherentia, undé nomen desumpsit. Bacce
numerose, subrotunda-ovate, solitaria, rubre, pedicello brevi squamoso suffultze, summo umbilicate,

pauld majores quam J. communi.

This new species of Juniperus is only met with at great elevations on the Himalaya Range, in situations
where the snow lies during a great part of the year. It is called by the natives Pudma Chundur, and is ‘said
to be so plentiful in the district called Garawhal, that the inhabitants use it for fuel. The wood is said to be

made use of by the Hindoos in their sacrificial offerings, like the ancient cedar.

JUNIPERUS UVIFERA.
LARGE FRUITED JUNIPER.
Juniperus Uvirera, foliis ovatis obtusis appressis quadrifariam imbricatis, ramulis brevibus erectis congestis

torulosis, drupis terminalibus subrotundis.

Habitat in Americ& Australi ad Caput Horn dictum. Middleton.

Frutex d bens, r issi Rami. assurgentes, teretes, cortice cinereo-fusco squamoso tecti. Ramuli
breves, erecti, confertissimi, undique foliis imbricati, torulosi, flagellas referentes, Folia ovata, obtusa,
appressa, quadrifariam imbricata, integerrima, coriacea, glabra, levia. Drupe subrotunde, purpuree,

magnitudine et figura Uv minoris, in apice ramulorum solitariz, sessiles, leeves.

This new species of Juniper, was brought to this country together with many other specimens of new
plants, by Mr. Middleton, who collected them in the neighbourhood of Cape Horn. These specimens were
given to the late Mr. Forsyth of the Royal Gardens, Kensington, who obligingly presented some of them to me

K

CUPRESSUS TORULOSA.

BHOTAN CYPRESS.

C. Toru osa, foliis ovatis obtusis quadrifariam imbricatis, galbalis globosis: squamis umbonatis, ramulis tere-

tibus torulosis divaricatis confertissimis patentibus.

Habitat in India Orientali (Roxburgh), in Bhotanid. W. S. Webb.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor pulchra, pyramidata, ramosissima, cortice brunneo deciduo tecta. Rami conferti, assurgentes. Ramuli
confertissimi, teretes, divaricati, patentes, torulosi, 2-G-pollices longi, undique foliis crebré imbricati.
Folia minuta, ovata, obtusa, convexa, levissima, opposita, undique appressa, quadrifariam imbricata, viridia ;
adultiora persistentia atque simul cum cortice decidua. Amenta mascula nondtim nisi novella vidi; he
in summo ramulorum minorum numerosa, clavata, tetragona, imbricata. Gadbali globosi, pedicello bre-
vissimo squamoso suffulti, picei coloris, rore glanco ccerulescentes: squamis trapeziformibus, medio umbo-

natis, crassis, lignosis.

CUPRESSUS NOOTKATENSIS.
NOOTKA CYPRESS.
C. Noorkarensts, ramulis tetragonis, foliis laté ovatis acutis dorso convexis quadrifariam imbricatis appressis,
galbalis globosis subsessilibus: squamis umbonatis levibus,

Habitat ad Sinum Nootka dictum, in Plagé occidentali Americz borealis, Menzies.

DESCRIPTIO,

Arbor. ....: Rami teretes, patuli, foliis emarcidis squamati, cortice rufo tecti. Ramuli numerosi, subdistantes,
tetragoni, breves, patuli. Folia laté ovata, acuta, valdé coriacea, glabra, nitida, arcté appressa, quadri-
fariam imbricata, dorso convexa; adultiora apice brevé subulata. Galbali globosi, laterales, magnitudine
Cerasi sylvestris, rove glauco ccerulescentes, pedicello brevissimo squamoso ramulis simili suffulti :. sguamis

trapeziformibus, petlatis, levibus, centro umbonatis,

Tubs We Appendix. 2

LAN
ZA\\ :
GAIN
Wixr
BANS Si >
PMISSS =
LIN YR

aN m Wee
A ii Ml ) NS fis W Na
Ue Ok SU ALY WS %
CL PAB [f, U eS
Sy AT al i Sree
A) 1S

Ved dell Se

| LDL LI
3 WY

TAB. 1.

THUJA DOLOBRATA.
BROAD-LEAVED ARBOR VITZ.

Tusa Donosrata, ramulis ancipitibus, strobilis squarrosis, foliis laté ovatis obtusis trifariam imbricatis subtds
excavatis nivels.
Thuja dolobrata. Linn. Suppl. p. 420. Thunb. Jap. p. 266.
Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 509. ,
Kwai. Hampf. Amen. 884.

Habitat in Japonia, in regionibus Fakonize et Oygawe, inter Miaco et Jedo. Kampfer, Thunberg.

Arbor altissima, vasta et pulcherrima. Ramuli numerosissini, alterni, complanati, varie divisi. Folia trifariam
imbricata, ovata, obtusa, crassa, quam in ceteris speciebus plurimtim majora, supra convexa, pulchré viridia,

lucida, medio sulcata, subtis concava, marginata, nivea. Strobili squarrosi.

Tr is with much satisfaction that I have been enabled to give a plate of this highly interesting and little
known species, which Thunberg justly describes as ‘ Pulcherrima omnium Sempervirentium Arbor.”
Kaempfer was the first European writer who makes mention of this tree ; but his notice of it is so short,
and being unaccompanied by a figure, it continued involved in obscurity until the return of Thunberg from
his interesting voyage, shortly after which we find it described in the Supplementum Plantarum, by the
younger Linnzeus, under the name of Tha Dolobrata, which alludes to the remarkable form of the leaves.

Mr. Lambert possesses a curious work published in Japan, giving an account of the plants of that country,
and illustrated by a great number of figures, among which we find one of the Thuja Dolobrata. Fig. A. in
our plate is an exact copy of this. The plate likewise comprises a figure of the specimen in the Banksian
herbarium, for which I am indebted to the friendship of Mr. Brown, and lastly figures of those contained in
Keempfer's herbarium at the British Museum. — I cannot here omit noticing the facility which my friend, Mr:
Konig, afforded in taking the drawing of Keempfer’s specimens. The Thuja Dolobrata would prove a most

desirable acquisition to our parks and lawns, if once introduced, as it is no doubt perfectly hardy.

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 1.

A. Copy of a Japanese drawing.
B. Figure taken from the specimen in Kempfer's herbarium at the British Museum.
C. Figure of another specimen from Keempfer's herbarium, shewing the underside of the leaves.

D. Ditto from the specimen preserved in the Banksian herbarium.

51. THUJA PENSILIS

Tuusa Pensixts, foliis alternis trifariis trigonis subulatis, strobilis obovatis : squamis cuneatis tuberculosis,

ramis filiformibus erectis.
Thuja pensilis. Chinese Embassy, p. 436.

Habitat in China. Georgius Staunton.

52. THUJA PENDULA.
Tusa Penpvta;, foliis decussato-oppositis patulis lanceolatis mucronulatis carinatis subdistantibus, ‘strobilis

globosis : squamis convexis levibus, ramis filiformibus pendulis.

Habitat in Tartaria.

DESCRIPTIO.
Arbor (viridario culta) orgyalis. Rami filiformes, directé ac pulcherrimé penduli, leté virides.

Strobili globosi, magnitudine Ceras? sylvestris, 6-valves.

A plant of this beautiful new species is now growing in the conservatory at Boyton, and the only one
perhaps in Europe. The plant was obtained from Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney, who were informed it was a
native of ‘Tartary. :

THUJA PLICATA.

NEES ARBOR VITA.

Tuusa Pricara, ramulis compressis patulis, foliis rhombeo-ovatis acutis appressis quadrifariam imbricatis nudis
medio tuberculatis, strobilis oblongis nutantibus: squamis ellipticis obtusis planis.

Thuja plicata. Donn Hort. Cantab. ed. 6. p. 249.

Habitat in Nova-Hispania. (D. Clariss. Ludovicus Nee), in Plagd occidentali Americe borealis, ad Sinum
“Nootka dictum. Menzies.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor 1 issima, diffusa, leté-virens. Rami patentes conferti, cortice rubro-fusco obducti. Ramudi densi,
patuli, iterdm et itertm divisi, pectinati, compressi. Folia rhombeo-ovata, acuta, arcté appressa, quadri-
fariam imbricata, approximata absque internodiis, glabra, integerrima, nitida, medio tuberculata. Strobili
sparsi, solitarii, nutantes, oblongi: squamis ellipticis, obtusis, planis, obsoleté sulcatis.

THUJA CHILENSIS.

CHILI ARBOR VITZ.

Tusa CuiLensts, ramulis articulatis patulis pressis, foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis subtrigonis quadrifariam
imbricatis appressis nudis utrinque sulcatis, strobilis ovali-oblongis: squamis ellipticis obtusis infra apicem
tuberculatis.

‘Cupressus Thujoides. Pavon MSS.

Habitat in Andium Regni Chilensis montibus, Ludovicus Nee, Pavon.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor pulcherrima, ccerulescens, diffusa. Rami numerosi, patentissimi, cernui, cortice cinereo-fusco vestiti.
Ramuli ad apices ramorum confertissimi, varié divisi, compressi, articulati. Folia ovali-oblonga,. obtusa,
subtrigona, quadrifariam imbricata, appressa, nuda, subdistantia, internodiis presertim in adultioribus
distinctis, glabra, ad latus utroque sulco lato depresso dealbato exarata, basi arctissimé juncta, ramulos
vaginantia, S¢robi/i numerosi, terminales, ovali-oblongi, cernui, quadrivalves: squamis quatuor ellipticis
obtusis, leevibus, extus infra apicem tuberculo auctis.

L

PODOCARPUS SALIGNA.
WILLOW-LEAVED PODOCARPUS.

Povocarpus Saxiena, foliis elongatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis glabris brevissimé petiolatis, drupis ovalibus
pedunculatis axillaribus solitariis levibus.

Habitat in Chili. Pavon.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor. ... Rami. numerosi, teretes, glabri, cortice fusco levi tecti. Folia laté linearia, acuta, plana, coriacea,
levia, margine integerrima, utrinque glabra, lucidula, alterna nunc opposita, 3-uncialia, sesqui-lineam lata,
ad medium nervo lato valido instructa, basi petiolo brevissimo suffulta. Drupe ovales, leves, pedicello
semi-unciali cylindraceo stipitatae. Spatha tubulosa, levis, limbo obliquo et integro.

PODOCARPUS OLEIFOLIA.

OLIVE-LEAVED PODOCARPUS.

Popocarrus Oxztroxta, foliis confertis lanceolatis acutis glabris margine deflexis, amentis masculis solitariis
sessilibus,

Habitat in Chili, Pavon,

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor frondosa. Rami conferti, foliosi, cortice luteo-fusco lavissimo vestiti. Folia lanceolata, acuta, integerrima,
unam v. sesquipollicem longa, 2 v. 3 lineas lata, coriacea, utrinque glabra, uninervia, supra ad nervum
lined depress exarata, basi attenuata, margine partm reflexa. Ammenta mascula, solitaria,
dracea, uncialia, basi squamis pluribus imbricatis subrotundis munita: antheris brevissimis,
tus duplici rimé dehiscentibus, apice auctis appendice semi-

sessilia, cylin-

cuneatis, sub-

orbiculari_ membranaced integerrima. undu-

lata. Drupe@ ovales, solitariz, levissime, cernue. Pedunculi filiformes, glabri, semi-unciales. Spacha
panulata, é medio ped li ortum ducens, bivalvis, limbo bilobo.

PODOCARPUS GLOMERATA.

Popocarrus GLomERata, ‘foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutissimis glabris, amentis masculis glomeratis, pedunculis

oppositis.
Habitat in Chili. Pavon.
DESCRIPTIO.
ADO SS The ieitens Rami numerosi, teretes, foliosi, cortice luteo-fusco levi tecti. Folia lineari-lanceolata, acu-

tissima, integerrima, plana, uninervia, alterna, conferta, basi subattenuata, utrinque glabra, lucida, pollica-
ria v. sesquipollicaria, unam v. sesqui-lineam lata. _ Amenta mascula, brevia, cylindracea, semiuncialia, semi-
lineam crassa, plura (5-6) in glomerulis oppositis pedunculo filiformi glabro suffulta, basi squamis pluribus
imbricatis munita. Anthere parvee, subrotunde, angulose, apice appendice minutd circumscriptione
rotundaté membranacea laceraté aucte.

PODOCARPUS NEREIFOLLA.
OLEANDER-LEAVED PODOCARPUWS.

Popocarrus NEREIFOLIA, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis glabris margine reflexis, amentis masculis subternis

folio quadruplé brevioribus.
Lignum Emanum, Ramph. Amboin. 3. p. 47. t. 20,

Habitat in Amboine regionibus Ema et Hitoe dictis, in altis saxosis montibus (Rwmphius), in Insula Principis
Walliz sic dicté (Evans), in Nepalid, Wadlich.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor procera, frondosa, trunco strictissimo levi ulnam crasso aut sepé ultra. Rami numerosi, longi, foliosi,
cortice rufo obducti. Fodia lanceolata, acuminata, coriacea, integerrima, 4 v. 5 pollices longa, semi aut
interdiim unciam lata, utrinque glabra, lucida, nervo convexo’ valido ad medium instructa, margine paulo

M

22

reflexa, basi acuta, brevissimé petiolata. Amenta mascula, numerosa, gemina v. terna, sessilia, pollicem
longa, crassitie 2-linearia, erecta, obtusa, cylindracea, basi squamis numerosis subrotundis membranaceis
margine scariosis imbricaté tecta, Anthere creberrime, cuneato-subrotunde, turgidz, medio constricte,

subtts duplici rim hiantes, apice appendice minuté membranaceé lacerat& coronate. Drupe ovoidex,

Ibi pedunculo brevi cylind suffulta, cernue, solitaria, Spatha campanulata, dimidii

pedunculi longitudine, limbo obliquo, integro.

This plant was first known to me through a living plant imported by the late Mr. Evans of Stepney, from
Prince of Wales’s Island, where it is known by the name of Wax Dammer. I have received numerous
specimens of the same plant from Nepal, through the kindness of Dr. Wallich, who rightly determined it to
be the Lignum Emanum of Rumphius ; but it is very distinct from the Taxus macrophylla of T hunberg, which
he considered as the same species. Dr. Wallich informs me that the fruit of this tree is regarded as perfectly
wholesome by the natives of Nepal. It is readily increased by cuttings; and there are now several young
plants in our collections, raised from cuttings taken from a living plant, which Mr, Evans received with many
others from Prince of Wales’s Island. It is usually treated as a hot-house plant; but I am inclined to think
it would be found to succeed best in the green-house.

PODOCARPUS MACROPHYLLA.
LONG-LEAVED PODOCARPUS.

Popocarrys MAcRorHyYLtA, foliis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis obtusis margine planis, amentis masculis qui-
nis folio tripld brevioribus.

Taxus macrophylla. Thunb. Japon, p, 276,
Sin, vulgd Maki seu Fon Maki, Kampf. Am, Eaot, V. p.780. ejusd. Icon. t, 24.

Habitat in Japonize imperio copiosd, praesertim ad urbem Nagasacki,

DESCRIPTIO,

Arbor magna, frondosa, ramosissima. Truncus crassus, cortice cinereo-fusco vestitus, Rami conferti, assur-
gentes, superné foliosi, inferné de lapsu foliorum nodosi, Folia alterna, lineari-lanceolata, obtusa, coriacea,
glabra, stricta, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora, utrinque costa valida conyexd, margine’plana, basi in petiolo
brevi attenuata, 2 v. 3 pollices longa, 3 lineas lata v. sepé ultra, Amenta plura (4-5), axillaria,

23

sessilia, cylindracea, pollicem longa, precedenti duplé tenuiora, recta, basi squamis pluribus munita.
Anthere subrotunde, turgid, subtis duplici rima hiantes, apice appendice minut4 membranaced ovali
obtusd aucte. Drupa ovoidea, viridis, glabra, magnitudine Pisi majoris, monosperma.

The specimens, which I possess, of this species were collected in the neighbourhood of the city of

Nagasacki. These speci , together with several hundred other Japanese plants, were taken in a Dutch prize
during the last war. The name of the naturalist who collected them, I have never been able to ascertain. Of
the wood of this tree, according to Thunberg, the Japanese form boxes and desks.

PODOCARPUS PUNGENS.

POINTED-LEAVED PODOCARPUS,

Popocarpus PuNGENS, foliis sparsis linearibus elongatis mucronatis margine incrassatis, drupis globosis.

Habitat in Nova-Hollandia. G. Caley.

DESCRIPTIO.

ALOT eee eae Rami numerosi, teretes, recti, cortice cinereo levi obducti, basi percurrente foliorum lineati.
Folia sparsa, linearia, coriacea, mucronata, pungentia, glabra, supra viridia, subtus pallida, utrinque costé
valida, margine incrassata, basi angustata, sesqui-v. bipollicaria, vix lineam lata. Drupa globosa; solitaria,
axillaris, magnitudine Pisi, erecta, pedicello tereti levi ultra-semiunciali tata. Spatha panulat:

limbo bilabiata, basi squamis duabus munita.

TAB, % Fig. 1

TAXODIUM SEMPERVIRENS.

EVERGREEN TAXODIUM.
TAXODIUM. Rich.
CUPRESSI SP. Linn.

Flores monoici. Mase. Amentum cylindricum, laxé imbricatum: sguamis membranaceis, rotundatis, apiculatis,
basi ints antheriferis. Antherw didyme, bivalves, rim transversali hiantes. Foem. Amentum subro-
tundum: ovulis geminis. Gadbulus globosus: squamis trapezoideis, crassissimis, fungosis, stipite trian-
gulari longiusculd ad rachin adnatis, peltatis. Nuces gemine, oblong, trigonge, ad latus superius stipitis
affixee, rachidi inserte: testa crassa, ossea. Semina solitaria, pendula! albumen parcum, lacteum,
membranaceum. Embryo teres, crassus, albus: cotyledones indivisee, obtuse, crassee plano-convexe:
radicula crassa, teres, superivr, cotyledonibus muyltd: Jongior, obtusa, recta.

Arbores (Amer. boreal.), procerce, elegantes, facie Taxi. Ramuli pectinati, patuli. Folia disticha, linearia.

Amenta mascula, numerosa, terminalia, spicato-racemosa ; foemineis subrotundis, terminalibus, solitariis.

‘FaxoDiIuM SEMPERVIRENS, foliis distichis linearibus acutis perennantibus coriaceis glabris opacis.

Habitat in Or occidentali Americe borealis. Menzies.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor sempervirens. Ramuli angulati, foliosi, glabri. Folia linearia, acuta, disticha, coriacea, glabra,

: utrinque opaca, lucida, subtts nervo medio carinata, margine plana, semi vel nunc feré pollicem longa,
semilineam lata, basi decursiva. Gadbudi terminales solitarii, subrotundi, basi squamis brevibus imbricatis
muniti: sguamis trapezoideis, peltatis, crassis, fungoso-lignosis, supra rugosis, atque radiatim striatis,
centro-depressis, basi in pedicello crasso angulato desinentibus.

The great difference in habit existing between the Cupressus disticha of Linnzeus and the other species
referred by him to that genus, induced M. Richard* to form it into a separate genus, to which he gave the name
of Taxodium. Two years afterwards Messrs. Mirbel and Schoubert described it under the name of Schubertia-
The very different habit of the trees themselves, the disposition of the male flowers, and the solitary
pendulous seed, will readily distinguish this genus from Cupressus, to which most Botanists have hitherto
referred it, On my way from the country last Autumn, in the beginning of November, I was fortunate in

* Annal; du Museum, XVI, p. 269, + Nouv. Bull. dela Soc, Philom. II. p. 123.

q

C
LOMB CHfe CAULLOMA

Me:

Weddell fo,

y,

|

25

meeting with a single tree of Tawodium distichum bearing plenty of ripe fruit in the garden of a Blacksmith
opposite the King’s Arms, Bagshot. I was delighted with my discovery, as I had never before had the pleasure
of meeting with this interesting tree with fruit on it, a circumstance of very rare occurrence in this country.
The garden is the property of Mr. Rogers, Innkeeper, at Southampton. At the Parsonage in the vicinity
of Bagshot there are two trees of the Taxodium, even larger than the one in the Blacksmith’s garden, but on
them I was able to find a single cone only. I am in possession of several native specimens with male flowers,
collected by Mr. Nuttall on the banks of the Missouri, and others from Mexico sent me by M. Pavon. The
North American and Mexican specimens appear to me to belong decidedly to one and the same species as
Humboldt has already rightly determined. The generic description given above is exclusively formed from the
Taxodium distichum, having had only asingle imperfect specimen of the other species for examination. It is not
without some hesitation, therefore, that I have referred it to Tavodium. have thought the plant too interest-
ing, however, to omit in the present work, leaving it to future observations to determine, whether or not
the place which I have assigned to it be its true place. This plant, I propose to call sempervirens, from
its evergreen leaves, so different from the Taxodium distichum, whose leaves are deciduous.

I have been enabled to give the accompanying figure of this interesting tree from a specimen obligingly
communicated to me by my friend Mr. Menzies, who collected it on the north-west coast of America
during his voyage on board the expedition of the celebrated Vancouver. The largest and finest trees of
the Tuxodium distichum, in this country, are those belonging to His Grace the Duke of Northumberland,

at Sion-House.

TAB. 7. Fig. 2.

DACRYDIUM TAXIFOLIUM.

YEW-LEAVED DACRYDIUM.

Dacryvrum TAXIFOLIUM, foliis distichis laté linearibus acutis faleatis margine deflexis basi obliquis utrinque
opacis viridibus, amentis masculis drupisque in spica digestis.

Dacrydium taxifolium. So/ander MSS.

Habitat in Nove-Zealandiz sylvis copiosé. Banks, Solander, Menzies, Phillips.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor procera, in uliginosis proveniens. Truncus crassus, strictissimus. Rami et ramuli numerosi, paten-
tissimi, flexuosi, cortice rufo obducti. Folia distantia, duplici serie ordinata, patula, laté linearia, acuta
ut plurimtm falcata, instar illis Taxi atque simul colore opaco-viridi gaudentia, margine deflexa, basi ob-
liqué ineequalia, pollicem longa, lineam aut nune rarils ultra lata, petiolo brevissimo exili stipitata, Amenta

1 libus nunc terminalibus digesta, semiun-

mascula plura (10-20), distantia, sessilia, patula, in spicis
cialia, oblonga, cylindracea, patula, crassitie bilinearia. Drupa plures (4-7), spicate, subsessiles,

ovales, mucrone brevi terminate,
0

26

Tam in possession of several specimens of this tree, which, however, are without either catkins or. fruit.
These are only known to me froma drawing taken during the stay of Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander in
New Zealand in the first voyage of Captain Cook. Thisas well as. the following species I have merely referred
to Dacrydium from their appearing to me to be more akin to it, than to any of the other Coniferous genera
hitherto published. I am well aware they cannot, with propriety, be associated with the Dacrydium Cupressinum
of Solander, whose habit is totally different. I have no doubt that, on future examination, they will be

found to constitute a distinct genus,

DACRYDIUM DISTICHUM.

Dacrypium visticaum, foliis distichis linearibus mucronulatis glauco-viridibus patulis margine planis basi
zequalibus,

Podocarpus taxifolia. Kunth in Nov: Gen. et Sp. Plant: II, p.2. t. 97?

Habitat in Peruvie Andibus. Pavon.

Arbor. .... Rami teretes, de lapsu foliorum tuberculosi, cortice gryseo vestiti. Folia sparsa, disticha, line-
aria, mucronulata, recta, patula, glauco-viridia, subtus pallidiora, vix pollicem longa, semilineam lata
margine plana, basi zqualia, brevissimé stipitata ad medium nervo validiori lineata. Cetera desiderantur.

TA B.S.

4 Ly. (

ey :
SAM ECT OMA

yrane “lid :

I. Lindley Del. $ Weddell Sculp

TAB. 8.

QUERCUS GRANDIFOLIA.

MAGNOLIA-LEAVED) OAK.

Quercus GRaNpriFoLtA, ramulis teretibus, glabris, foliis obovato-oblongis ellipticisve integerrimis sub-
sessilibus utrinque nudis nitidisque basi auriculatis, fructibus terminalibus glomeratis, cupulis
sessilibus rugosis, nucibus globosis mucronulatis.

Habitat in Nepaliw nemoribus. Wallich.

Arbor esse waxima et frondosa judicatur. Ramuli crassi, rigidi, foliosi, cortice levi fusco-plumbeo
obducti. Folia ampla, sempervirentia, oblonga, obovata v. rarits elliptica, spithamam v. sesquipedem
longa, 4—8 pollices supra medium lata, ex basi auriculata et augusta, versus apicem magis et magis
dilatant, utrinque nuda nitidaque, intensé viridia, reticulato-venosa, subtis costata, margine plana, in-
tegerrima, apice pauld acuminata, substantia licét tenuia, sunt coriacea et non parva tenacitate pracdita.
Petioli brevissimi, crassi, semiteretes, supra planiuscula et parim canaliculata. Fructus in apice ramu-
lorum numerosi et glomerati, sessiles. Cupula ampla, depressa, acetabuliformis, lignosa, crassissima,
rachi firmé adnata, intis fusca, plana, extiis maximé rugosa, cinerea: ord crassa, planiuscula. Nuces

magne globose, spadicee, nitida, mucronulate, pauld angulate, basi solummodd cupula cinctz.

The species which compose the genus Quercus are for the most part trees of rugged aspect, and possess-
ing little or no beauty whatever. This is not the case, however, with the magnificent species now before
us. Its fine large green foliage (vying in this respect with the American Magnolias) and sessile glomerated
frait distinguish it from every other known species. The Quercus grandifolia is a native of the woods
of Nepal, where it has been discovered by the collectors sent out by Dr. Wallich, to whom I am indebted
for the fine branch represented in the plate. Dr. Hamilton does not appear to have met with it. We
are already acquainted with ten species of Nepalese Oaks, besides the one here figured. Several of these,

in point of beauty, far surpass those either of Europe or America.

pe

28*

TAB. 9.

PINUS LARICIO.

CORSICAN PINE.

Prinvs Larrcio, foliis geminis prelongis’ patentibus, vaginis subintegris, strobilis ovatis rectis subsolitariis :
squamis depressis obsoleté 4-angulis. Don, in Neill’s Horticul. Tour, p. 552.

Pinus Laricio. Potr. in Lam. Encycl. V. p. 339. Lam. et Decand. Flor. Fran. UI. p. 274. Duham. Arb.
ed. alter. p. 239, t. 71 et 67, f. 2.

Pinus sylvestris ¢ maritima. Ait. Hew. III. p. 366.

Habitat in insule Corsicee montibus summis, in Phrygie Ida Monte. P. B. Webb.

Arbor altit. 56 ped., pulcherrima, pyramidata, ad apicem attenuata, cortice badio integro et epidermide
decidua squamosa tecta. Rami 8—10 in verticillis digesti, breviores et densiores quam Pino sylvestri.
Folia gemina, numerosa, prelonga (6—7-uncialia), lenta, patentia, acicularia, semicylindracea, subtis
lucida, supra canaliculata atque levitér striata, margine scabré serrulata, apice mucrone corneo in-
structa, colore jucundeé viridi. Vagine foliorum unciales, subintegrae, argenteo-fusce, nitidee. Amenta
mascula in apice ramulorum terminalia, conferta, cylindracea, obtusa, unum v. sesquipollicem longa,
patula, incurva, basi squamis pluribus scariosis spadiceis bracteata. Anthere: cuneato-oblongz, angu-
late, biloculares, subtis rim& duplici longitudinali hiantes, apice cristi subrotundA convex’ mem-
branaced margine eroso-repanda auctw. Strobili sessiles, ovati, horizontalitér porrecti, subsolitarii :
squamis induratis, ligneis, cinereo-fuscis, apice cuneatis depressis, obsolete 4-angulis, spind umbonata
minuta durissima armatis. Don in loc. cit. (addenda descriptioni amenta mascula.)

In my former work I have confounded this with Pinus maritima, from which it is widely different ; and
as Table 9, given there as the male branch of Pinus maritima, belongs to the present species, I have been
induced to give the plate here afresh, with the addition of two cones, in order the more fully to obviate
the mistake. The preceding description, together with the following account, was taken by Mr. Don from
two fine trees which he saw in the Jardin du Roi at Paris in 1821, and published in the Appendix to
Mr. Neill’s interesting Horticultural Tour through France and the Netherlands. Mr. Don’s account is
as follows:— ;

«« This tree is totally distinct from all the varieties of Pinus Sylvestrio ; with which, however, it in some
respects agrees. The tree in the Arboretum on the buttes is thirty feet high, and three feet in cireum-
ference; and immediately beside it is growing P. Sylvestris, or, as Professor Thouin calls it, P. Scotica,
The difference is at first sight very striking. P. Laricio is a much handsomer and finer tree, and is of a
more pyramidal habit. Its branches are shorter and more regularly verticillate. Its leaves are a third

longer, and of a lively green, with their sheaths nearly entire. Its cones are shorter, ovate, and quite

By a.

} vs Wy) : G a aii . ; E. Weddell, Seulp.
of ceed a Sept s es, Sivrteto :

29*

straight, with depressed scales; and its bark is finer and much more entire. The enlightened Professor
of Agriculture informed us, that it is equally hardy with P. Sylvestris, and that its wood is much more
weighty and resinous, and consequently more compact, stronger, and more flexible, than that of P. Sy/-
vestris. It grows wild on the summits of the highest mountains in Corsica. It seems to bear cones very
freely, which ripen nearly about the same time as those of P. Sylvestris. The tree from which the above
description was taken, stands near the centre of the General Arrangement, was planted in 1784, and is
now fifty-six feet high.”

« ] observed,” says Mr. Hawkins, “ on Cyllene, Taygetus, and the mountains of Thasos, a sort of Fir,
which, although called Mevxos by the inhabitants, and much resembling the Meuxog of the lower regions,
differed from it in these particulars: the foliage was much darker, and the growth of the tree much more
regular and straight. The very elevated region on which it grew leads me to suspect it must be different
from the common Ilevz0¢.” (Walpole’s Memoirs relative to Turkey, &c. p. 236.) The Pinus Laricio is, I
have no doubt, the tree here mentioned, and especially as it is known to grow in Greece, and has been
found by Mr. Webb near the summit of Mount Ida, in Phrygia.

The branch represented in the plate is taken from a tree of this species growing in the Royal Gardens
at Kew.

EXPLANATION OF TABLE 9.

A. Male catkin magnified.
B.B. Antherz.
C.C. Points of leaves magnified.
D.D. Cones.

30*

TAB. 10,

PINUS MARITIMA.

MARITIME PINE.

Pinus maritima, foliis geminis tenuissimis, strobilis ovato-conicis glaberrimis solitariis pedunculatis.

Habitat in Europe Australis maritimis. Floret Junio.

Arbor 20-pedalis, ramosissima. Folia biuncialia, vel pardm longiora, angustissima, vagina brevissjmé.
Strobili solitarii, pedunculati, cernui, ovati, superficie wquales, levissimi ac nitidi. Seminum ala magna,
securiformis.

The figure in the 10th Plate, representing the above species, was drawn from a specimen in the
Sherardian Herbarium, to which the following note is annexed :—

P. maritima foliis tenuissimis, conis albicantibus, brevibus, deorsum reflexis, in superficie equalibus. Michel.
Pinastri alterum genus parvum, in maritimis, foliis capillamenti modo tenuissimis. C. Iso‘.
P. maritima, conis cinereis, planis. Phytopin.

This tree, so far as I can judge from one growing at Sion House, the only one I have been able to find,
grows to the height of about twenty feet. ‘The branches are very numerous, and bear long filiform leaves,
resembling those of P. halepensis, which are more closely connected towards the extremities of the -
branches. The cones are of nearly the same size as in P. rigida, but rather smaller. They are so remark-
ably smooth and glossy, that they at once distinguish this species. Those which appear on Sherard’s
specimen hang downwards ; but those which I obtained at Sion House point upwards: one of the latter is
represented in the plate. In shedding their seeds, they seem to expand very little.

The following curious particulars relating to the Pinus maritima are extracted from Dr. Sibthorp’s
Papers, and published in Walpole’s interesting Memoirs :—* Tetzog, one of the most useful trees in
Greece ; it furnishes a resin (énrivn), tar, and pitch (zicox), all of considerable importance for ceconomical
purposes. Throughout Attica the wine is preserved from becoming acid by the means of the resin which
is employed, in the proportion of an oke and half to twenty okes of wine. The tar and pitch for Ship-
building are taken from this tree and the Ifrus, the Pinus Pinea. The resinous parts of the wood of the
Tledxog are cut into small pieces, and serve for candles, called dé1z. The cones, #ovvol, are sometimes put into
the wine barrels. The bark is used in tanning hides. The wood is much employed by the carpenters in
building.”

Sir James Edward Smith informs me, that several young plants of this species were raised in this
country in the year 1821. ”

EXPLANATION OF TABLE 10.
. Cones from the Sherardian Herbarium,
. Scales of the same, with the seeds.
Separate Seed.
Leaves.
. Point of a Leaf.
. Cone from a tree in Sion Gardens.
. Cone collected in Greece by the Honour:

Arr eaAwp

able William Fox Strangways, and added to the plate.

«bX,

pttvtllh Uw

EBauer Dé.

31*

EXTRACT

FROM A LETTER TO THE LATE J. STACKHOUSE, ESQ.

BY MR. HAWKINS.

‘© You encourage me by what you say on this genus to communicate a few more of my observations.

‘ T have already informed you that the Bae (Pinus Picea) occurs on all the high mountains of
Greece, viz. Olympus, Pindus, Parnassus, Helicon, Cithzeron, Cyllene, Meenalus, Taygetus, &c. &c. and
in their upper region only serving as a sort of barometer, to mark their relative height, and growing inva-
riably on a calcareous rock, or, to speak more accurately, on a fine hazel mould which covers this rock. Of
these forests the lowest line of elevation I judge to be about 3000 feet.

‘“¢ T have already noticed a species of Fir, much resembling the Mevx, and known among the Greeks
under the same name, which I found covering the mountains of Thasos, and forming pretty extensive forests
on Taygetus, Cyllene and Pindus. This tree has, I believe, escaped the notice of Dr. Sibthorp, but the
following are my reasons for thinking it a distinct species. First, its more sombre colour; that of the true
Ievxes being a very pleasing and lively green. Secondly, a much straighter growth, and a more regular ramifi-
cation than that of the true Hevx0s, resembling in these characters the Pinus Sylvestris. Thirdly, a much more
elevated habitat; this being next in succession to that of the Ena, or Silver Fir.

‘© The MMevxos is perhaps the most common tree of Greece, and it constitutes very extensive forests in Elis, and:
the contiguous districts of Arcadia. ‘There it finds a soil perfectly congenial to it, i. e. astratified, more or less
indurated, sandstone, in which it attains a size fit for all the purposes of ship-building, and even sufficiently
large for the construction of ships of war. Accordingly, it is there only that an adequate idea can be formed
of the picturesque beauty of this tree, for in other situations and soils, its growth is comparatively insigni-
ficant, and particularly so in Attica, We found it growing on the mountains of Cyprus, and occasionally
on those of Crete. ;

‘¢ The fourth species of this genus, which oceurs in Greece, is the Kexevag, our Stone Pine, the locality
of which is very remarkable, for it grows here and there in a narrow belt along the sandy shores of Elis
and Epirus, and within the reach of the salt spray. I found it however not exclusively in such situations,
for in Triphylia, i. e. the district on the south of the Alpheus, there is a forest of this tree which is above a
mile in breadth, and is bounded inland by another of the Mevxos with which it intermixes. But even in
the most favourable situations, the Stone Pine attains not one half of the height of the Pefkos (Ievxog)
although its timber, in other respects, is thought to be equally as good for ship-building, and the quality of
both is greatly superior 1 closeness of grain, toughness, and durability, to that of our Pinus Sylvestris. Of these
of timber are all the planks used in the construction of the Greek vessels, while the ribs are com-

two sorts
posed of the Quercus Coccifera (Mag) or C&gilops, and the masts either of Thasian Fir or of the Spruce or

Silver Fir from Fiume.

“© The plank timber of the Hevxs is said to possess a greater pliability without being boiled, than even
the oak; and the knots in it, do not start, as in the common deal. —

‘¢ Pitch and turpentine are extracted in every part of Greece from the Mevxos. The splinters are
used for candles, and retain the old name of Aad: ;

«¢ Plutarch says that the [rvs and her sister trees (adengas evden) mesnar xou ggsQian are the best for ship-
building. The vs he observes grows # agyinsdeos réroig ina Clayey soil. Mountainous districts, he adds, ex-
posed to the wind and covered with snow, produce Tetxas xa sgoBinog, — Hirus is termed by him xagripoe which
can be applied to no other species than the Stone Pine, and this opinion is supported by Coray.

32*
TAB, 12.

MACLURA AURANTIACA.

OSAGE ORANGE OR BOW-WOOD.

MACLURA. Nutt.

MORI SP. Auct.

Flores dioici. Mase. Amentum oblongum. Calyx 4-partitus. Petada nulla. Stamina 4. Foem. Amenta
globosa. Ca/ya minimus, urceolatus. S*y/i elongati, filiformes, villosi, singulis acinis singuli. Bacca
acinis confluentibus composita, multilocularis: docu/is monospermis.

Arbores Americana lactifluce. Folia alterna, integerrima, v. serrata, petiolata. Stipule bine. ciliate. Spine
(Pedunculi abortivi) solitarice, supra-axillares. Flores awillares,. Bacca magna, succulenta.

I. Mactura Auranriaca, foliis ovalibus acuminatis integerrimis, stipulis minimis subpersistentibus.

Maclura aurantiaca. Nutt. Gen. Amer. 2, p. 234.
Habitat in Americe borealis territorio Missouriense, ad ripas fluviorum, et presertim ad Arkansa_flumen:
Hunter, Nuttall. ».

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor ramosissima, patens, 30-60 pedes alta. Ramuli flexuosi, teretes, glabri. Folia ovalia, acuminata,
integerrima, petiolata, 3-4 pollices longa, sesqui v. biunciam lata, leté viridia; adultiora utrinque, nisi. ad
venas, glabra; juniora pubescentia. Petioli angusti, compressi, subvillosi, semiunciales. Spine axil-
lares, solitarize, erecto-patule, subulate, rigide, 2-3 lineas longa. Flores masculi parvi, albo-virentes ;
Jfemine in amentum sphericum magnitudine Buddlejw globose. Styli longi, villosi.

Bacca carnosa,
pedunculosa, magnitudine Citri decuman, lutescens, sapida. Semina obovata, compressa.

Besipzs the interesting species now described, Maclura will include the Morus Tinctoria of Linneeus, and
two new species, natives of Mexico, The former, Mr. Nuttall, who, I believe, had never seen specimens of it,
is inclined to think belongs to a different: genus; but having myself examined ‘carefully several specimens
T have been induced ‘to referrit to this genus. The two Mexican species approach ‘still nearer to the Maclura

a

Tab. XM.

Sree
Ma

:

a See

ANN \N
ea \ yy

@)

Y

VALTUELE

W

ay

C
Ce

Weddell Scubp.

Aurantiaca, both in habit and characters. Mr. Nuttall has overlooked the stipules, which are certainly
present in M. Aurantiaca, although they are very small. This interesting tree was first introduced into the
Gardens at St. Louis, Mississippi, from a tree transplanted from the village of the Osage Indians, and from seeds
obtained from that tree, plants were raised in the nursery of Mr. M‘Mahon of Philadelphia, and thence intro-
duced to this country by Lord Bagot, from seeds received from the celebrated Naturalist, Mr. Correa de Serra,
then Ambassador of Portugal to the United States. The trees at Philadelphia have reached their full size,
and produce fruit annually. Lord Bagot possesses two fine trees of it, which he keeps in his conservatory.
Mr. Nuttall, who was very lately in this country, informed me, that it bears the winters of Philadelphia without
injury. It will consequently readily endure our winters in the open air, a circumstance that will render it a
still more valuable acquisition to the gardens of this country. Lord Bagot was so good as to give me plants
of it, which are now growing at Boyton.

I subjoin the following extract relating to this tree from “ Mr. James's interesting account of the Expedition
to the Rocky Mountains.”

“* Maclura Aurantiaca of Nuttall.---A description of this interesting tree may be seen in Mr. Nuttall’s
valuable work, on the Genera of North American Plants, page 233, vol. ii. That description was drawn from
specimens cultivated in the garden of Mr. Choteau, at St. Louis, where, as might be expected, the tree did
not attain its full size and perfect character. In its native wilds the Maclura is conspicuous by its showy
fruit, im size and external appearance resembling the largest oranges.

“The leaves are of an oval form, with an undivided margin, and the upper surface of a smooth shining green;
they are five or six inches long, and from two to three wide. The wood is of a yellowish colour, uncommonly
fine and elastic, affording the material most used for bows by all the savages from the Mississippi to the
Rocky Mountains. How far towards the North its use extends, we have not been informed, but we have
often seen it among the lower tribes of the Missouri, who procure it in trade from the Osages, and the Pawnees
of Red River. The bark, fruit, &c. when wounded, discharges a copious milky sap, which soon dries on
exposure, and is insoluble in water, containing, probably, like the milky juices of many of the Urticew, a large
intermixture of coatchouc or gum elastic. Observing this property in the milky juice of the fruit, we were
tempted to apply it to our skin, where it formed a thin and flexible varnish, affording us, as we thought, some
protection from the ticks.

“ The fruit consists of radiating, somewhat woody fibres, terminating in a tuberculated and slightly papillose
surface. In this fibrous mass, the seeds, which are nearly as large as those of a quince, are disseminated. We
cannot pretend to say what part of the fruit has been described, as the “ pulp which is nearly as succulent as
that of an orange, sweetish and perhaps agreeable when fully ripe.” In our opinion the whole of it is as dis-
agreeable to the taste, and as unfit to be eaten, as the fruit of the sycamore, to which it has almost as much
resemblance as to the orange.

“The tree rises to the height of twenty-five or thirty feet, dividing near the ground into a number of long
slender, and flexuous branches. It inhabits deep and fertile svils along the river valley. The Arkansa appears to
be the northern limit of the range of the Maclura, and neither on that river nor on the Canadian, does the
tree, or the fruits, attain so considerable a size as in warmer latitudes. Of many specimens of the fruit
examined by Major Long, at the time of his visit to Red River, in 1817, several were found measuring five
and a half inches in diameter.”

The following is a Letter from Nr. Nuttall, dated Liverpool, April 12, 1824, containing much valuable
information relative to this tree.

“J have herewith sent you, the drawings of the Maclura, and have but little to add concerning it besides
what is already before the public. I have, however, since that publication seen the male flowers with which I
had been unacquainted. They are produced in partly sessile clusters, probably twelve or more together in a
very short raceme, and consist each of a four-parted greenish calix including three but more commonly four
stamens about the length or a little exceeding that of the calix.

« The trees often attain the height of 60-feet or upwards, having very spreading branches thickly clothed

with a foliage of the most vivid and shining green, The flowers are very inconspicuous and nearly green

34*

or with a slight tinge of yellow. The bark and fruit, on incision, gives out a milky sap; that of the fruit
aromatic, but not agreeable to the taste. Although found spontaneous and abundant on the immediate borders
of Red River, I cannot learn that any individual has ever seen or tasted its ripe fruit. These, according to the
report of Major Long (v. his Narrative, 2. p. 158.), are quite as large as those of the Shaddock Tree, yellow, and
very beautiful to the eye, but in his opinion always unpleasant to the taste. As to their being juiceless, (an
assertion made by this Narrator), the very name of Osage Orange, independent of my own testimony, ought to
have qualified the contradiction.

« From two or three of the fruit which I described, as seen growing in Mr. Choteau’s garden at St. Louis,
in 1810, I expressed about half a pint of a milky sweetish fluid, which, unlike most lactescent saps, quickly
separated into a clear liquid and a subsiding feculent matter, almost appearing like the action of coagulation
in milk. I mention this fact, merely to show that the fruit is not hard and dry, as stated by Mr. James. Indeed
from all I can yet learn, the state of the ripe fruit is entirely unknown.

« The wood is so completely like that of the Fustick ( ‘Morus Tinctoria) that it would be difficult to tell
them apart; it is equally useful as a yellow die, and its strength recommends it to the natives for bows.

“ North of Red River I have never seen it, except in one locality 12 miles south of Fort Smith on the
Arkansa.”

EXPLANATION OF TAB. 12.

A. A. Branches.

B. Portion of a Branch with the Female Catkin.

C. Male Flowers.

D. D. Male Flowers, separate.

E. Young Fruit.

F. Section of the same, shewing the disposition of the Seeds.
G. A full grown Fruit.

APPENDIX

BY Mr. DON,

COMPRISING AN ACCOUNT OF THE

LAMBERTIAN HERBARIUM.

Tur Lamperrian Hersarium is arranged according to the Linnean System, in cabinets, after the
excellent plan of the Banksian Herbarium. Each species is glued on a single half sheet of stout folio
writing paper. The species are then placed in a whole sheet of the same paper, on which is written the
name of the genus, as well as the number corresponding with the general Index of the Herbarium.

In regard to the trivial name, reference is always made to the latest edition of the Species Plantarwn,
and such as are not contained in that work, are referred to the authors who first described them.

This collection has, at different times, been enriched by the contributions, of men eminent for science:
the Proprietor has spared neither pains nor expense to render it as complete as possible ; and the whole cannot
be estimated at less than thirty thousand species, among which are several thousands yet unpublished.

In consequence of the arrangement already mentioned, any new accession is necessarily separated as soon
as received; and the specimens put in those respective departments in the Herbarium which their classification
assigns to them: but the following are the chief sources from whence the collection has been formed :--

1. Mr. Lambert’s own. Herbarium of indigenous plants found in England and Ireland.

2. A collection of specimens purchased at the sale of the Duchess of Portland’s Museum; this included

some interesting Cape plants and other exotics.

3. A large collection of plants collected at the Cape, Madeira, and Teneriffe, by Mons. Labillardiere:
these were taken by an English ship of war, in 1798, and purchased by Mr. Lambert.

4. All that part of the Herbarium of the celebrated Mr. Hudson, which contained his Cryptogamia: this
was purchased by Mr. Lambert, and formed an extensive collection of indigenous and exotic Lichens,
Mosses, and Fuci, but unarranged: also some other scarce indigenous plants collected by Hudson
in his last journey to the West of England, and a parcel of the seeds of Vella annua, which he was

said to have found near Stonehenge.

5. The greater part of the Earl of Bute’s collection of Swiss plants, purchased at the sale of his library.
This collection was made by M. Garcin, and contained fine specimens of most of the plauts of ‘Switzer-
land, with many duplicates.

P

NI

_

28

Browne, author of the Natural History of Jamaica, gave all the plants he had found in Ireland, but
chiefly in the Counties of Mayo and Galway. He also presented to Mr. Lambert, a MS. Flora Hibernica,
which is now in the possession of the Linnean Society, and likewise a Fora Indie Occidentalis, which he had
begun. It formed a thin quarto volume. This last Mr. Lambert presented to the President of the
Linnean Society, Sir James Edward Smith.

Masson gave duplicates of most of the plants collected by him in Southern Africa, and other parts.

The entire Herbarium of George Forster collected during Cook's circumnavigation, and from which he
published his Florula of South Sea plants.---This choice collection was purchased of his father-in-
law, Professor Heyne of Gottingen.

From M. De Ponthieu, who was some years collecting plants in the West India Islands, and who is so
often quoted in Swartz’s Flora Ind. Occident., was purchased a rich collection of specimens, and his library of
Botanical Books full of MS. notes on the plants of those islands.

From Mr. Forsyth of Kensington, a large collection of specimens sent him by Mr. Alexander Anderson, of
St. Vincent’s, and a few from Cayenne. Mr. Anderson also, who was Curator of the Botanic Garden at
St. Vincent for 30 years, sent Mr. Lambert many fine specimens, and at his death left him his drawings of
plants cultivated in that garden. These drawings are now in the possession of the Linnean Society.

Many fine specimens, and some living plants from Dr. Dancer of Jamaica, and Mr, Brown, a ‘surgeon
there. Also the whole of Dr. Dancer’s Herbarium purchased of his widow after his death.

Several hundred living plants brought home by Lord Seaforth, on his return from his government of

Barbadoes, and presented to Mr. Lambert: many of these flowered in the stove at Boyton, and were
added to the Herbarium.

Many specimens purchased of Mr. W. Fraser, of Chelsea, who had been several times to America in
search of rare plants,

Mons. Broussonet, French Consul at Teneriffe, and well known for his work on Fishes, gave a choice
collection of specimens, made during his stay in that Island.

Mons. Durand, an intimate friend of Broussonet, who resided several years at Gibraltar and Algiers to
collect plants, sent specimens of all he was able to find: these were well preserved, and many of them
new. Several are described and figured in Desfontaines’ Flora Atlantica,

A very large Herbarium of plants growing in New South Wales, purchased of Dr. White, author
of an account of that colony, and who resided there seven years. This was divided with Sir J. E.
Smith.

Governor Phillip contributed the duplicates of his collection in New South Wales; with many inter-
esting specimens from New Zealand,

Mons, Labillardiere presented some specimens found in Van Diemen’s Land, and many duplicates of
his New Holland plants, collected during the voyage in search of La Perouse.

The celebrated Professor Cavanilles sent many specimens of Spanish plants, ‘and a collection from
South America; with a large parcel of seeds from the Royal Gardens at Madrid.

20.

21.

=

22.

23,

24,

25.

28.

29.

29

Sir G. L. Staunton gave duplicates of all’ the specimens collected during the Embassy to China.
These included: many very interesting plants: many. of those of Osbeck; and many collected at
Rio Janeiro, St. Jago, Teneriffe, Madrid, St. Helena, &e.

Mr. Archibald Menzies, who circumnavigated the globe with Capt. Vancouver in search of plants,
presented duplicates of a great part of the specimens collected in that voyage. Among them are
some very interesting plants from the neighbourhood of Cape Horn.

A very considerable Herbarium, part of that superb collection of Natural History which was con-
signed, by order of the French Government, from Cayenne to the National Museum at Paris, and cap-
tured by two British privateers in 1803. Of this one half was purchased by Mr. Lambert, containing
several duplicates of each species in the whole collection.

The very extensive Herbarium of the celebrated Professor Pallas collected in the various provinces of
the Russian empire, which was purchased at Petersburgh during the tyrannical reign of Paul I. by Mr.
Cripps, companion of the late Dr. Clarke, and by him resold to Mr. Lambert. This collection contains
a great number of species yet undescribed: also all the plants figured in Gmelin’s Flora Siberica, and
the identical specimens from which the figures in Flora Rossica were taken. Some of the genera, as
Astragalus, Onosma, Saxifraga, Pedicularis, and Potentilla, are very rich in. species. The genus Astra-
galus contains fine specimens with several duplicates of each of the species described and figured in
Pallas’s Monograph. This Herbarium contains all the specimens collected. by the Assistant and Pupils
of the Professor, in.their Travels through the different provinces of the Russian Empire: those collected by
Gmelin, Georgi, Steller, by Dr. Merk in Billing’s Expedition, and by Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, in the
Northern Provinces of Persia. It likewise comprises numerous specimens from Thunberg, the late Sir
Joseph Banks, and other distinguished Naturalists; and a duplicate collection of the plants gathered by
George Forster in “Cook’s Second Voyage,” which even contains many finer specimens than those in his

own Herbarium alsoin Mr. Lambert's possession.

Dr. Roxburgh enriched this Herbarium with numerous large collections, made in continental India, and
in Banda, Amboyna, and other islands of the Indian Archipelago. These ted to several thousand
species; and among them were several species of the Nutmeg. Dr. Roxburgh likewise sent all the speci-
mens and seeds collected by him at the Cape of Good Hope, where he resided a twelvemonth.

Mr. John Roxb who resided af the Cape four or five years for the’ purpose of collecting plants, sent
also several very large collections of specimens, well preserved, and particularly rich in the genera Erica,

Brunia, Diosma, Phylica, Borbonia, Hermannia, Aspalathus, Mahernia, §c.

Dr. Adam Afzelius, : distinguished naturalist, and now Demonstrator of Botany in the University of Upsal,

divided with Mr. Lambert an ample collection of specimens made during several years residence in the

British settlement of Sierra Leone.

From Governor King was received a fine collection of New Holland specimens,

From Mr. Caley was purchased part of the extensive Herbarium formed by him during several years
residence in new Holland. This was a valuable addition, many genera as Daviesia, Gnaphalium, Pultencea,
Pleurandra, Hibbertia, &c. being particularly rich: the genus Eucalyptus alone contains upwards of 50

species.

Dr. Francis Hamilton (formerly Buchanan,) so justly. celebrated as a traveller and naturalist, liberally pre-
r. Francis 5

Q

80

sented part of the fine collection of specimens made during his residence in. that highly interesting coun-

try Nepal, in 1802--3; with many others found by him in Mysore, Cannara, Malabar, &c.

30. Dr. Wallich, the indefatigable superintendant of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, has enriched the
Herbarium with many valuable collections from Nepal and various parts of India, as well as from the

Calcutta Garden.

The Nepal collections, including both those sent by Dr. Hamilton and Dr. Wallich, may be estimated at
about 1500 species, the greater part of which are entirely new: they are, however, referable to well
known, and chiefly European genera. No exact statement can be given of the proportions which
the Monocotyledones and the Dicotyledones bear to each other; as our knowledge of some of the
orders belonging to the former class, such as the Grami and’ Cyp , which no doubt must
abound in these regions, is still very scanty. The following are the number of species in some of the

natural orders, and genera.

NATURAL ORDERS. GENERA.

Monocotyledones.
Filices, 38.
Lycopodinez, 4.
Piperacee, 4.
Orchidee, 40.

Dicotyledones,
Urticee, 13.
Laurine, 9.
Primulacex, 17.
Labiate, 30,
Composite, At.
Umbellifere, 12,
Cruciferze, 7.

Saxifragese, 7.

Melastomacez, 7, _

Rosacer, 39, .

Boehmeria, 7.
Procris, 4.
Pinus, 5.
Quercus, 11. |
Euphorbia, 4.
Daphne, 4.
Polygonum, 14.
Begonia, 6.
Primula, 7.
Androsace, 3.
Pedicularis, 4.
Gentiana, 5.
Jasminum, 7.
Rhododendron, 4.
Osbeckia, 4.
Saxifraga, 4.
Berberis, 4.
Viola, 6.
Impatiens, 4.
Passiflora, 1.
Hypericum, 6.
Anemone, 4.
Potentilla, 8.
Rubus, 10.
Spirea, 3.

31. From Mr. Wiles, a collector in Jamaica, were obtained about 800 fine specimens, the production of that

Island, with many Ferns from the Blue Mountains.

32. Mr. Frederick Pursh, author of the Flora of North America, formed an extensive ‘Herbarium during 12

years’ residence and travels in the United States. This

which prehends the greater part

31

of the plants described in his Flora, was purchased, and made a valuable addition to the Lambertian
Herbarium. Mr. Pursh afterwards went to Canada, and made a very complete collection of the plants of
that country, and had arranged materials for a Flora Canadensis, the publication of which -his premature
death prevented.—This collection also was purchased of his widow: it consists of about 1000 species, of
which 60 are undescribed, 180 are Monocotyledones, and 820 Dicotyledones. It should be observed,
that from Mr. Pursh’s North American Flora, 50 at least must be deducted, as spurious species.

33. Mr. Brown, the distinguished naturalist, who accompanied the expedition of Captain Flinders to survey
the Coast of New Holland, has enriched the Lambertian Herbarium with many specimens, collected in
that memorable Voyage, especially of the plants belonging to the curious family of the Proteacee.

34. The late Dr. Baldwin of Wilmington, Savannah, contributed many rare and new plants collected in
Georgia, Carolina, and Florida.
35. The late Dr. Clarke, and his fellow-traveller-Mr. Cripps, presented the whole collection of dried plants

gathered during their travels in the Ottoman empire; and the southern provinces.of Russia.

36. Captain King, son of the late Governor King, who was employed by Government. to. survey the N. W.
coast of New Holland, presented a very choice collection of specimens made during that expedition.

37. Dr. Sims very obligingly presented part of a fine collection of dried plants which were sent him by Mr.
Sello ; a gentleman in the service of the King of Prussia, and who is at present engaged in the Brazils,
collecting subjects in every department of Natural History.

38. A collection of Japanese plants, consisting of upwards of 300 species, with duplicates of most of the
species; among them are several species of Viburnum. In this collection are many plants described by
hunberg in Flora Japonica. These specimens were collected by a Dutch Surgeon in the neighbourhood
of Nagasaki, and being taken in a Dutch prize came into Mr. Lambert’s possession by purchase. °

From Dr. Sieber of Prague, was purchased his large Herbarium of plants collected in Crete, Egypt, and
Palestine, to the number of about 800, among which are many new ones. These have ‘been all care-

3

©

fully named by Dr. Sieber.

The late Dr. William Jack, who was attached to the Suite of Sir Stamford Raffles, Governor of Sumatra,
has sent all the specimens described in the first Volume of the “ Malay Miscellanies :” among which are
three splendid species of that most remarkable genus of plants, Nepenthes.

Al

S

41. The extensive collection made in the Isle of France, by the celebrated traveller Michaux, who died in
Madagascar, was given by a Frenchman to Dr, Wallich, and by him presented to Mr. Lambert.

The other sources from whence this Herbarium has been enriched by many new or rich species, are

Seeds received from correspondents in various parts abroad ; which having been brought to’perfection in
the Stove and Garden at Boyton, the plants have been afterwards dried and preserved.

“The public nurseries of Messrs. Lee and' Kennedy, Loddiges, Woodfords; &c. have contributed many
valuable specimens: also the Royal Gardens at Kew, the Chelsea Gardens, the Brompton Gardens, the Botanic
Garden at Cambridge, and the one formerly conducted at Bath by Mr. Sole: Mr. Swainson’s Garden: at
Twickenham supplied many specimens of hardy Exotics ; as did that of Lady De' Clifford at: Paddington, of
Tropical and New South Wales plants; and that of Mr. Vere at Kensington Gore. The Duke of Marlbo-
rough’s garden at White Knights furnished many fine specimens of rare plants, especially North American
trees and shrubs; that of George Hibbert, Esq- at Clapham, many of the rarer Ericas, Proteas, &c. and that
of Sir Abraham Hume, at Wormley-bury, has contributed several very rare specimens.

Rr

32

42. George Hibbert, Esq. presented to Mr. Lambert the greater part of his Herbarium, which comprised the
whole of Niven’s Cape Collection and Dr. Wright's Jamaica Plants, with many others. A great, part of
the Jamaica specimens Mr. Lambert had before received from Dr. Wright himself.

43. Herbarium of Ruiz and Pavon. This extensive collection, made at the expense of the Spanish Govern-
ment, contains, besides the whole Herbarium formed by the Authors of the Flora Peruviana during
their residence of eleven years in Peru and Chili, nearly 2000 Mexican plants, and a valuable assortment
of those indigenous to Spain. A considerable addition to the Mexican portion of the Herbarium
has been received since Mr. Lambert's notice of this collection has been published.* The number of
species nearly doubles that of the Herbarium formed by Humboldt and Bonpland during their
travels in Equinoctial America, and of which the greatest part has already been described, and published,
by a very distinguished botanist, Professor Kunth. The great difference in the proportions of these two
collections is very remarkable, and is only to be accounted for in this manner; that, although Humboldt
and Bonpland visited many more countries than our Spanish botanists did, the short stay they necessarily,
had to make, enabled them to glean a scanty portion only of the vegetable riches which Nature diffuses,
at every step, to the naturalist, in those vast countries of Tropical America, which have been so ably and
so beautifully described by Humboldt. From the excellent descriptions and figures given by M. Kunth
in the & Nova Genera et Species Plantarum” 1 have been enabled to make .out nearly the whole of the
species, which accord with those he has described in that work. Nearly one half of the species con-
tained in the Herbarium, however, I conceive to be new, and hitherto unpublished. In the following
statement will be found the Genera, which have yet been determined, disposed according to the Natural
System, with the number of Species contained in each.’ The Mexican collection appears to me, from
the many specimetis from California, Unalaska, &e. to have formed a part.of the Herbarium of Mocino
and Sesse, who were many years engaged, at the expense of the Spanish Government, in investigating the
vegetable productions of the Vice-Royalty of New Spain, with the design of publishing a Fora Mex-
icana. "There is a separate carpological collection, containing fruits and seeds of the more interesting
plants contained in the Herbarium. The speci are in lent preservation, and, in most instances,
several duplicates of each species in different states. Having already determined the greater part of the
species, a complete Flora, containing descriptions of the whole, with figures of the more remarkable ones,

may be expected,

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Filices 208. Lycopodi 23, Equi 3. Graminee 108. Cyperacecee 60. Juncee 7. Res-
tiacee, Xyris 2. Eriocaulon 3. Tridee, Cipura 1, Morea 1, Sisyrinchium 28, Tigridia 3. Commelinew,
Commelina 8, Aneilema 2, Tradescantia 4, Callisia 2. Asphodelew, Anthericum 2, Conanthera 1, Ornitho-
galum 1, Allium 1, Lilea 1. Amaryllidece, Amaryllis 4, Chlidanthus 1, Pancratium 3, Genus Calostemati
affine 1. Liliaceae, Fritillaria 1, Agave 1, Alstreemeria 14. Bromeliace, Tillandsia 8, Bromelia 1, Pitcair-
nia 4, Pourrettia 2, ichmea 1, Bonapartea 2, Genus Novum 1. Palmew, Nunnezharia 1, Elais 1, Martinezia 4,
Iriartia 1, Morenia 1. Musacee, Heliconia 4, Musa 1. Cannece, Canna 8, Maranta 7, Thalia 4, Sci¢aminew, Cos-
tus 4, Amomum 4. Orchidew, 150. Piperacew, Piper 35, Peperomia 29, Clarissia 6. Fluviales, Potoma-
geton 3. Aroidew, Caladium 4, Dracontium 1, Pistia 1, Pothos 1, Carludovica 2. Balanophoree, Cynomo-
rium 2. Typhine 1. Pontederece, Pontedera 5, Heteranthera 5. Butomee, Limnocharis 1. Adismacew, Sa-
gittaria 3. Smilacew, Cordyline 2, Smilax 9, Medeola 2, Herreria 1, Luzuriaga 1. Dioscorine, Dioscoria 6.

+ See Preface to Illustration of the Genus Cinchona, p. 6 and 7.

83

DICOTYLEDONES.

Coniferce, Avaucaria 1, Thuja 2, Taxodium 1, Podocarpus 3, Dacrydium 1, Ephedra 1. Cupulifere,
Quereus 92. Myricee, Myrica 4. Amentacece, Alnus 5, Salix 2. Urticece, Urtica 21, Boehmeria 12,
Procris 2, Pilea 3, Ambrosia 4, Tafalla 1, Olmedia 8, Cecropia 11, Gunnera 1, Dorstenia 5, Ficus 30,
Morus 2, Macluria 1, Celtis 5. Euphorbiacee, Euphorbia 21, Sapium 2, Hippomane 7, Hura 2, Cro-
ton 61, Acalypha 22, Llagunoa 4, Dalechampia 2, Chondodendrum 4, Jatropha 16, Castiglionia 1, Phyllan-
thus 16, Coriaria 8, Schzefferia 3, Synzyganthera 1, Carica 8. Cucurbitacee, Cucumis 4, Momordica 2,
Elaterium 10, Sicyos 5, Gronovia 1. Passiflorec, Passiflora 22, Tacsonia 9. Asarine, Aristolochia 8.
Elceagnew, Myoschilus 1. Santalacece, Quinchimalium 1. Thymelece, Daphne 1, Dais.1, Quisqualis TS
Neea 3, Cervantesia 2. Proteacece, Rhopala 5, Oreocalis 2, Lomatia 1, Quadria 1. Myristicee, Myris-
tica 5. Atherospermee, Pavonia 1. Laurine 87. Monimee, Ruizia 1, Citrosma 7. Polygonew, Coc-
coloba 10, Polygonum 7, Rheum 1, Triplaris 8. Begoniacew, Begonia 20. Chenopodew, Atriplex 2,
Chenopodium 7, Salicornia 1, Blitum 1, Basella 2, Cercodia 1. Phytolaccer, Phytolacca 1, Rivina 4.
Amaranthacee, Amaranthus 1, Iresine 2, Lestibudesia 2, Celosia 1, Gomphrena 7, Alternanthera 12,
Achyranthes 18, Genus Novum 1}, Lygodisodia 2. Jdlecebrew 2. Nyctaginew, Mirabilis 2, Boerhaavia 7,
Oxybaphus 13, Boldoa 1, Buguinvillea 3, Pisonia 3. Plumbaginew, Plumbago 1. Lentibularie, Utri-
cularia 2, Pinguicula 2. Plantaginee, Plantago 8, Littorella 1. Primulacee, Samolus 1. Acanthacee,
Justicia 42, Dicliptera 22, Ruellia 40, Alvarezia 2. Verbenacew, Vitex 4, Volkameria 4, Callicarpa 5,
Cornutia 2,-Duranta 2, Russelia 4, Lippia 30, Lantana 15, Petraca 1, Verbena, Priva et Stachytarpheta 41,
Mendozia 4, Avicennia 2. Jasminee, Fraxinus 2, Columellia 3, Menodora 2. Labiate, Cunila 3, Mentha 9,
Glechoma 1, Hyptis 20, Bystropogon 12, Hyssopus 2, Teuchrium 8, Ocymum 8, Salvia 75, Monarda 1,
Stachys 13, Marrubium 1, Lepechinia 2, Gardoquia 8, Genus Novum I, Trichostema 1, Dracocephalum 1,
Seutellaria 12. Rhinanthacew, Pedicularis 1, Castilleja 10, Gerardia 3, Lamourouxia 10, Buchnera 4,
Unanua 1, Veronica 2, Alonsoa 4, Calceolaria 25, Jovellana 3, Angelonia 1, Orobanche 1. Scrophularine,
Linaria 1, Maurandia 8, Chelone 8, Mimulus 5, Vandellia 1, Lindernia 1, Herpestis 2, Escobedia 2, Ste-
modia 4, Browallia 2, Virgularia 2, Russelia 4.

; Sibthorpia 2, Calytriplex 2, Gomara 1, Buddleja 24.
Gesnerew, Gesneria 20, Besleria 10. Solanee, Solanum 80, Nicotiana

11, Physalis 16, Saracha 5, Atropa 2,
Hyoscyamus 3, Nectouxia 1, Datura 6, Solandra 2, Defontainia 2, Jabarosa 2, Triguera 1, Witheringia 1,
Dunalia 3, Lycium 8, Vestia 1, Sessea 1, Cestrum 18, Fabiana 1, Xuarezia 1, Capraria 5, Scoparia 1,
Cordia 32, Cynoglossum 3, Tournefortia 14, Heliotropium 21, Lithos-
opsis 1, Echium 2. Convolvulacee, Convolvulus 43, Ipomea 16,
Hydroleacew, Hydrolia 2, Wigandia 4, Nama 7. Hydrophyllee,

Bignonia 32, Astianthus, Vob. 1, Delostoma, Nob. 2, Tecoma 3,
Nob. 1, Genus Novum 2, Eccremocar-

Nolana 4, Nierembergia 2. Boraginee,
spermum 12, Anchusa 4, Myosotis 4, Lye
Eyolvulus 8, Dichondra 2, Cuscuta 3.

Hydrophyllum 8, Phacelea 2. Bignoniacew,
b. 1, Jacaranda 2, Chilopsis, Nod. 1, Catalpa 1, Argylia,
Cobeacew, Nob. Cobea 2. Sesamee, Sesamum 1, Salpiglossis 1, Cranio-
Gentianew, Gen-

Stenolobium, Wo
pus 2, Crescentia 4, Tourrettia 1.

laria 1, Martynia 2. Polemoniacee, Polemonium 1, Cantua 4, Hoitzia 8, Caldasia 1.

tiana 22, Swertia 4, Erythreea 3, Sebea 1, Lisianthus 8. Apocynee, Echites 17, Cerbera 4, Plumeria 7, Taber-
5, Cameraria 1, Vallesia 3, Carissa 1. Asclepiadew 112. Sapotew, Chrysophyllum 4, Nycterisi-
tion 1, Achras 2, Lucuma 7, Rauwolfia Fl Peru. 5. Myrsinee, Ardisia 3, Myrsine 13, Jacquinia 6.
Ebenaceew, Diospyros 6. Guajacane, Symplocos 13. Ericine, Vaccinium 5, Thibaudia 5, Ceratostema 2,
Arbutus 8, Gaultheria 5, Andromeda 4, Clethra 4, Bejaria 3, Pyrola 8, Godoya 2. Rubiacew, Rubia 2,
Valantia 4, Gallium 5, Spermacoce 21, Hedyotis 10, Richardia 2, Isnardia 3, Nerteria 1, Diodia 1,

neemontana

34

Petesia 2, Spigelia 7, Bouvardia 10, Psychotria 41, Catesbeea 1, Coffea 7, Chiococca 6, Manettia 4,
Lygodisodea 1, Rondeletia 4, Retinophyllum 1, Macrocnemum 9, Musseenda 3, Cinchona 20, Port-
landia 3, Exostema 1, Nauclea 1, Pavetta 3, Laugeria 2, Coccocypsilum 6, Genipa 3, Higginsia 83, Gar-
denia 8, Oxyanthes 2, Randia 4, Machaonia 2, Ignatia 1, Hamelia 9, Schwenkfeldia 1, Gonzalea 6, Guettar-
da 2. Caprifoliacee, Symphorea 2, Caprifolium 1, Viburnum 6, Cornidia 1. Sérychnece, Strychnus 2. Lo-
ranthee, Loranthus 24, Viscum 6. Ci I C la 2, Lobelia 50, Lysipomia 2. Valeri-

L Fr

anew, Valeriana 23. Calyceree, Boopis 1. Composite. Cichoracee, Hieracium 1, Hypocheris 2,
Sonchus 4, Ladiatiflore, Chaptalia 8, Perdicium 11, Onoseris 6, Genus Novum 1, Isotypus 1, Dume-
rilia 3, Homanthus 2, Chetanthera 3, Mutisia 6, Barnadesia 3, Chuquiraga 2, Triptilion 1, Carduacee,
Cnicus 1, Carduus 1, Carduncellus 1, Centaurea 6, Genus Novum 1, Lagascea 5, Elephantopus 5, Rolandra 1,
Trichospira 1, Spiracantha 1, Vernonia 18. Conyzec, Baccharis 42, Iva 5, Proustia 2, Conyza 4, Cephalo-
phora 1, Gnaphalium 19, Inula 8, Erigeron 17, Aster 54, Andromachia 1, Solidago 3, Turpinia 1, Ethuha 2,
Picqueria 2, Odontoloma 1, Guatterezia 1, Parthenium 3, Ageratum 8, Stevia 20, Paleolaria 1, Mikania 5,
Eupatorium 106, Calea 1, Kuhnia 5, Kleinia 6, Cacalia 37, Culcitium 5, Senecio 40, Cineraria 8, Werneria 20,
Munnozia 3. Helianthew, Helianthus 33, Galardia 1, Gymnoloma 4, Wedelia 6, Melampodium 15, Sclero-
carpus 1, Unxia 2, Polymnia 6, Wiborgia 1, Ximenesia 4, Rudbeckia 6, Silphium 1, Balbisia 1, Heliopsis 1,
Pascalia 1, Encelia 4, Leontothalmum 1, Diomedia 7, Eriocoma 1, Grindelia 3, Tagetis 15, Dyssodia 5,
Schlechtendalia 1, Arctotis 2, Achyropappus 1, Hymenopappus 1, Schkuhria 1, Pectis 7, Eclipta 1, Ptiloste-
phium 2, Galinsoga 2, Zinnia 8, Tragoceros 1, Platypteris 1, Trixis 2, Sobreyra 2, Georgina 2, Coreopsis 12,
Bidens 40, Cosmos 6, Heterospermum 6, Actinomeris 4, Verbesina 25, Meyera 1, Sigesbeckia 2, Madia 2,
Oteospermum 2, Xanthium 2, Milleria 2, Flaveria 5, Spilanthus 8, Helenium 2. Anthemidew, Chrysanthe-
mum 1, Soliva 4, Hippia 1. Araliacee, Aralia 12, Actinophyllum 5, Gilibertia 1. Unmbellifere, Eryn-

gium 17, Sanicula.3, Hydrocotyle 14, Bowlesia 5, Fragosa 7, Sison 2, GEnanthe 1, Caucalis 2, Pimpinella 1,
I R

Cherophyllum 2, Athamanta 1, Ligusticum 2, Peucedanum 3, Laserpitium 3. R
lus 11, Thalictrum 2, Clematis 2. Magnoliacee, Michelia 1, Magnolia 1. Dilleniacee, Tetracera 12,
Curatella 1. Winteree, Drymis 1. Anonacet, Anona 15, Porcelia 1, Unona 1, Uvaria 6, Guatteria 7,
Mollinedia 2, Verticillaria 1. Menispermew, Cissampelos 4, Izquierdia 1, Chondodendrum 2. Lardiza-
bale, Lardizabala 8. Berberidew, Berberis 6. Papaveracew, Bocconia 2, Chelidonium 1, Elscholt-
zia 1, Diclytra 1. Crucifere 24. Capparidew, Cleome 11, Capparis 22, Crateva 1, Tovaria 1. Sapin-
dacew, Cardiospermum 4, Paullinea 18, Semarillaria 7, Huertia 1, Acladodea 1, Sapindus 4, Schmidelia 1.
Dodoneacew, Dodonea 1; Llagunoa 4. Hippocrateacew, Hippocratea 6, Anthodon 1. Mailpighiacee, Mal-
pighia 14, Genus Novum 1, Triopteris 1, Banisteria 15, Securidaca 2. Hypericinw, Palaua 8, Hypericum 24,
Vismia 5. Guttifere, FExtoxicon 1, Clusia 21, Alzatea 1, Mammea 1, Marcgravia 4, Ascium 2. Ternstra-
miacee, Ternstreemia 5, Laplacia 1, Freziera 3, Genus Novum 2. Hesperidee, Citrus 1, Limonia 1, Leonia 1.
Meliacee, Ticorea 1, Styrax 7, Guarea 12, Trichilia 4, Barbasco 3. Vitiginew, Vitis 10. Geraniacew, Gera-
nium 6. Ovalidew, Oxalis 13, Ledocarpon 1, Rhynchotheca 2. Malvacee, Malva 50, Hibiscus 49, Pavo-
nia 9, Anoda 5, Sida 119, Myrodia 6, Ochroma 2, Bombax 4, Chorisia 2, Gossypium 2, Genus Novum 1,

Chei 1, Cavanillesia 1. Stercudiacew, Buttneria 8, Ayenia 2, Theobroma 8, Guazuma 2, Melochia 7,
Mougeotia 9, Waltheria 8, Sterculia 1. Elwocarpew, Vallea 1, Tricuspidaria 1. Tiliacew, Tilia 2, Muntin-
gia 2, Triumfetta 14, Corchorus 12, Trilix 4, Vauquelinia 1. Och , Ochna 1. Bivine, Bixa2. Sa-

mydee, Samyda 6, Casearia 2, Laetia 1. Violacee, Viola 12, Jonidium 18, Noisettia 1, Sauvagesia 1. Cistine,
Helianthemum 6. Polygalew, Polygala 2, Monnina 16, Krameria 5. Diosmew, Simaba 1, Zanthoxylum 2,
Galvezia 1. Zygophyllee, Tribulus 4, Porlieria 1, Ordo Zygophylleis affinis, Smegmadermos 1, Kage-
neckia 8. Caryophyllee, Silene 2, Mollugo 2, Arenaria 9, Cherleria 1, Cerastium 10, Stellaria 5, Drymaria 7.
Linee, Linum 7. Crassulacee, Tilleea 1, Cotyledon 1. Saaifragee, Mitella 1, Heuchera 3, Saxifraga 5,
Cornutia 1. Cunoniacee, Weinmannia 12. Grossulariw, Ribes 9, Escallonia 10. Mopali@, Cactus 1. Por-
tulacee, Portulaca 1, Talinum 6, Baitaria 1, Sesuvium 4, Tetragonia 1, Corrigiola 1. Onagre, Ginothera 16,
Jussizea, 11, Gaura 3, Epilobium 3, Fuchsia 12. Loaseew, Loasa 15, Mentzelia 2, Combretacee, Combre~

35

tum 3. Myrtacew, Eugenia 10, Psidium 3, Campomanesia 1, Myrtus 50, Calyptranthes 1. Salicariw, Ca-
lyplectus 1, Ginoria 3, Ammania 2, Cuphea 22, Lythrum 10. Melastomacee, Melastoma 2, Pleroma 1,
Arthrostemma 4, Tococa 3, Clidemia 15, Cremanium 11, Centronia 1, Miconia 35, Conostegia 4, Chitonia 4,
Axinwa 5, Meriania 1, Blakea 9, Species indeterminate 45. Rosacew, Rosa 1, Rubus 10, Potentilla 8,
Geum 1, Genus Novum 2. Sanguisorbew, Alchemilla 3, Aphanes 4, Sanguisorba 1, Polylepis 2, Acaena 5,
Margyricarpus 1. Pomacew, Cespilus 3, Pyrus 4. Amygdaline, Prunus 7. Chrysobal , Chrysobal its

Homaline, Homalium 1, Azava 6, Pineda 1, Blackwellia 1. Spircacee, Spirea 3, Prockia 3. Rham-
neacew, Rhamnus 24, Ceanothus 9, Dacostea 1, Colletia 2, Staphylea 2. Celastrinw, Celastrus 10, Goua-
nia 1. Amyredew, Amyris 1. Anacardew, Anacardium 1, Rhus 10. Terebintacew, Spondias 4, Ptelea 1,
Schinus 2, Brunellia 4, Comocladia 2. Cwsalpinew, Cassia 59, Larrea 1, Cesalpina 6, Poinciana 2,
Hoffmanseggia 1, Parkinsonia 3, Sesbania 2, Bauhinia 11, Brownia 1. Papilionacew, Pterocarpus 8,
Geoftreea 6, Nissolia 6, Sophora 9, Hedysarum 80, Aschynomene 19, Coronella 1, Glycyrrhiza 1, Phaca 3,
Astragalus 24, Lupinus 8, Robinia 5, Caragana 3, Halodendron 1, Piscidia 1, Colutea 2, Genus Novum 1,
Galega 2, Indigofera 14, Abrus 3, Pisum 1, Lathyrus 1, Vicia 3, Ervum 1, Orobus 1, Dalea 46, Trifolium 4,
Medicago 1, Trigonella 2, Lotus 5, Psoralea 8, Cytisus 2, Cajanus 2, Crotalaria 25, Clitoria 10, Glycine 106,
Dolichos 20, Phaseolus 14, Negretia 5, Erythrina 10. Mimosee, Amorpha 3, Inga 38, Mimosa 27,
Acacia 53, Schrankia 1, Desmanthus 10.

FRUITS AND SEEDS.

In order to render the account of this collection as complete as possible, I have thought it best to subjoin
a list of the Fruits and Seeds; and, as they have not been yet sufficiently examined, I have preferred giving
Pavon’s MSS. verbatim.

Aroidew. Palma hamata
Phytelephas macrocarpa Palma vernaculé Corogo
Morenia sp. nova

Piperacee. Martinezia interrupta

Piper aduncum , Palma gummifera

sp. nova ‘ Palma

sp. nova Pilophora testicularis

flagelliforme * ; Palo amarillo del Peru

sp. inedita Mauritia vernaculé ovi

Triartia deltoidea, vulgd camono
Palmee.
Nunnezharia fragrans Moe Musacee.
Palma
Morenia Cannee.
Palma Maranta sp. nov.
Palma Bufamita de Santa Fe eae
Scitamine@s
Palma sp. nova
Palma del Peru Amomum thyrsoideum
Elais tinctorium
racemosum.

Palma sp. nova

36

Orchidee.
Vanilla aromatica

Graminee.
Genus dubium
Paspalum purpureum

Asphodelew.
Anthericum tinctorium
Liliaceae.
Alstroemeria fimbriata
Sp. nova
distichifolia
sp. nova
Bromeliacee.
Bromelia sessilis
Tridee.
Sisyrinchium majus
sp. nova
anceps del Peru

Smilacec.
Smilax China
Conifere.

Araucaria imbricata

Urticee.

Gunnera scabra
Cecropia parviflora
Sp. nova

Euphorbiacee.
Euphorbia graminifolia
Phyllanthus sp. nova
sp. nova é Huayaquil
Carica sp. vulgd Col de Morite

Passifloree.

Passiflora tilizefolia
pyriformis
Sp. nova
foetida
sp- nova
suberosa
sp. nova
quadrangularis
triloba sp. nova
Passiflora rubra
sp. nova
Tacsonia sp.

Proteacee.

Embothrium pinnatum
Quadria heterophylla

Monimee.
Ruizia fragrans
Atherospermee.
Pavonia sempervirens

Laurine.
Laurus Pinoli
peumo
Sp- nova
Sp. nova
sulcata
Sp- nova
ispingo
Persea
sp. nova
pucheri
sp. nova
sp. dubia
Myristicee.
Myristica sebifera
sp. nova vulgd Ulmech
sp. nova
sp. nova vulgd Moscada
sp. nova vulgd Coco

Chenopodee.

Chenopodium Quinoa
Atriplex de Mexico

Rhinanthacee.
Castilleja pinnata
Bartsia trinervis

Acanthacee.
Ruellia patula
Dianthera coccinea
sp. nova
nodosa.
peruviana
Verbenacee.
Lippia umbellata
Aloysia citrodora

Labiate.

Nepeta dependens
Dracocephalum sp. nova

Scrophularine.

Escobedia scabrifolia

Solanee.
Solanum eleagnifolium
corymbosum.
macrocarpum
Nicotiana sp. nova
Datura arborea

37

Boraginee.

Messerschmidia fruticosa

Convoloulacee.

Convolvulus Mechoacan

Hydroleacee.
Hydrolea dichotoma

Bignoniacee.

Tecoma sp.
Jacaranda cerulea. Peru

sp. nova. Peru
Bignonia sp. nova

muricata sp. nova

_ sp. nova

longisiliqua

sp. inedita

catalpa

sp. foliis subtiis tomentosis
Tourretia lappacea
Crescentia Cujete

Gentianee.
Erythrea Canchalagua
Apocinee.
Taberneemontana arcuata
Jaurifolia. Peru
Echites sp. nova
cimicida. Mexico
Rauwolfia odorata
Cerbera sp. nova
sp. nova
Strychnee.
Strychnos sp. nova
Abilla
macrocarpa

Sapotee.
Chrysophyllum sp. nova
sp. vulgd Mamet colorade
Achras vulgd Nespero
sp. nova
Lucuma
Guqjacane.
Symplocos sp. nova
Ericea.
Cuellaria sp.
Andromeda hispida
Gaultheria sp.
Gesneriacee.

Gesneria sp. nova

Composite.
Helianthus sp. nova
Helenium prostratum
Rudbeckia sp.
Alcinia perfoliata
Madia viscosa
mellosa
Milleria quinqueflora
Eupatorium scariosum
Pectis trifida
Aster glutinosus sp. nova
diversifolius
giganteus sp. nova
Rubiacee.
Genipa oblongifolia
Psychotria sp. nova
Genus Novum
Gardenia longiflora
Coffea racemosa
Havanensis
umbellata
Sp. nova
sp. nova
Portlandia sp. nova
Araliacee.
Actinophyllum angulatum
Aralia umbellata Peru
racemosa
sp. nova Peru
Papaveracee.
Bocconia frutescens
tinctoria
Capparidee.
Marcgravia sp. nova
Sapindacee.
Paullinea obliqua
laciniosa
Semarillaria obovata
Erythrozylee.
Erythroxylum Coco
Hypericine.
Hypericum sp. nova
ericoides
FHesperidee.
Limonia triphylla
Heisteria punicea
Meliacee.
Gaurea sp. nova
sp. nova altera
Cedrelea.
Cedrella odorata

38

Malvacee.
Hibiscus sp. nova
tubulosus
sp- nova
malvaviscus
cuneatus
manihot *
Malva umbellata
parviflora
Sp. nova
verticillata
Sida angustifolia
frutescens
Bombax sp. nova
parviflorum
sp: nova vulgd Bototillo
sp. altera nova
polyandrum
heptaphyllum vulgd Pochotl
Ayenia pusilla

Buttneriacea.
Buttneria sp.
aculeata Peru
Apeiba echinata
Tiltacee.

Waltheria tomentosa

Bivine.
Bixa orellana
platycarpa’
Anonacee.
Anona tripetala
Sp. nova
sp. altera nova
acetosa
Gualteria sp. nova
Sp. nova
Porcelia nitidifolia
Menispermee.

Menispermum sp. nova

Diosmee.

Galvezia punctata

Ordo Zygophylleis affinis.

Kagenockia oblonga
Smegmadermos
emarginatus

Cunoniacee.
Weinmannia sp. nova

sp. nova

Onagre.

CEnothera sp. nova

Loasee.
Mentzelia aspera
Mendozia racemosa
Myrtacee.
Psidium pyriferum
pomiferum
Campomanesia lineatifolia
Myrtus sp. nova
sp. nova
sp. nova altera
Eugenia nova species

thyptocarpa
Melastomacee.
Blakea sp.
Salicarie.

Calyplectus acuminatus

Pomacee.

Mespilus lanuginosa

Amygdaline.

Prunus sp. nova

Chrysobalanee.
Chrysobalanus Icaco

Cesalpinee.

Cassia vulgd Cascavellilo

Fistula

vulgd Fraxelillo

sp. inedita

occidentalis

hirsuta

procera

sp. nova

sp. nova altera

vulgd Milmilva_

sp. nova

foetida
ZEschynomene sp. nova

incurva
Parkinsonia aculeata
Cesalpina Tara

Mimosee.

Mimosa plicata

sp. nova

vulgd Potatillo

sp. nova

sp. de Huayaguil

inga

prostrata

sp. nova

39

pee Amyridec.
peregrina

vulgd Bucuenque
vernaculé Chalub

Amyris sp. nova
sp. altera inedita

purpurea Dodoneacee.
sponove. Dodonza sp.
expansa
Intsia Zanthoxylee.
circinalis Fagara sp. nova
farnesiana
acutangula Celastrine.
sp. nova Euonymus sp. nova Peru
Papilionacee. Celastrus ae pn
Hedysarum sp. nova Vania
Dolichos sp. Ne
Lablab sp. vulgd Mayten
; pani Rhamneacee.
Glycine bituminosa
Abrus Colletia vulgd Zaque
Negretia sp. Elzeodendron trinerve
inflexa
elliptica Euphorbiacee.
platycarpa 4Extoxicon punctatum
Phaseolus rubicundus
sp. nova Amentacee.
griseus Celtis sp. nova
sp. sp. nova altera
Terebintacee. sp. nova

Schinus molle » eS
Spondias nitida Genus dubit Ordinis.

fragrans Gomortega nitida

44. Dr. Richardson, the indefatigable companion of Captain Franklin, presented to Mr. Lambert a collec-
tion of specimens made during his journey to the shores of the Polar Sea, They are named according to
Dr. Richardson’s Botanical Appendix to the account of the expedition,

45. Captain King, who is just returned from his survey of New Holland, has had the kindness to present
Mr. Lambert with a very rich collection of specimens from King George’s Sound, where he remained three
weeks, and collected every plant he could find; among them are several fine specimens of Banksia grandis, in
flower and fruit, also Banksia emuda and ilicifolia, Captain King was fortunate in meeting with that curious
plant, the Grass-tree ; of this he has also given Mr. Lambert a fine specimen. This zealous navigator has laid
down 3000 miles of new coast, having completed the survey of that part left off by the unfortunate Captain
Flinders.

46. Lieutenant Roe, who was with Captain King, collected many specimens, in the department of natural
history, was so good as to subject his Herbarium to Mr. Lambert’s inspection, and allowed him to take such

specimens as he had not before got.
x

40

47. Sir Stamford Raffles has lately sent a collection of specimens from Singapore ; among them are several
specimens of an Epacrideous plant, belonging to the New Holland Genus Leucopogon, and described in ‘“ The
Malay Miscellanies” under the name of Leucopogon Malayanus. ‘There are also fine specimens of the Jackia
ornata, a Rubiaceous genus, named by Dr. Wallich in the 2nd volume of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica, in
honour of the late distinguished naturalist, Dr. Jack, Sir Stamford’s zealous coadjutor in Natural History.

48. Mr. Cowan, who is now at Lima, has very lately sent from thence, two rich boxes of bulbs and seeds,
many of which are flowering at Boyton, and have afforded several specimens for the Herbarium. Seeds of
Chenopodium Quinoa came in these boxes, but they had lost their vegetative power.

49. Mr. Mogg, who accompanied the late expedition under Captain Parry, has presented Mr. Lambert with
a rich collection of specimens, which he made during the stay of the expedition.

50. Mr. Colebrooke, who so long and ably filled the chair of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and so celebrated
for his zeal in the cultivation and promotion of the sciences and literature of India, has enriched the Herbarium
by frequent communications received from India. Among the additions made by this gentleman, we may
notice three new species of the Genus Myristica, or Nutmeg, from Singapore, and specimens of the Dryoba-
lanops Camphora, the Camphor tree of Sumatra. :

51. Mr. Wilkins has ‘had the kindness to afford Mr. Lambert very fine specimens of the Nepenthes Raffle-

7],

siana, distillatoria, and amp

52, Mr. Sabine has obligingly afforded Mr. Lambert several specimens and plants from the valuable collec-
tion of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick.

Mr. Lambert has lately received a plant of Dacrydium cupressinum, and Ilex paraguensis, the famous Tea~
tree of Paraguay, which is the first ever introduced to this country.

40*

53. Mr, Nuttall presented to Mr. Lambert the whole Herbarium collected by him in his travels up the
Missouri, which comprised a great number of very curious and interesting new species, and some new
genera, such as Bartonia and Maclura 3 and along with these were many living plants, which are now growing
at Boyton. Mr. Lambert also received specimens of all the plants collected by Mr. Bradbury, who accom-

panied Mr. Nuttall, the descriptions of which are inserted by Pursh in the appendix to his Flora of North
America.

54, Mr. Hawkins, who accompanied the late Dr. Sibthorp in his travels through Greece, gave Mr.
Lambert many specimens, which he had collected in that country.

55. While the present sheet was about being put to the press, Mr. Lambert received one of the most
magnificent collections of dried plants ever made on the south coast of New Holland. They are principally
of the order Proteacew, and are chiefly from King George’s Sound and its vicinity. Mr. Lambert is indebted
for these to the friendship of Francis Henchman, Esq. who, from his zeal for promoting the science of Botany,
sent at his own expence, Mr. Baxter, a most excellent collector, and well versed in the knowledge of plants.
Mr. Baxter was instructed to hire a vessel at Sydney, in New South Wales, in order to proceed to King
George’s Sound. How far he has succeeded in his arduous and meritorious undertaking, the fine collections
which he has already sent home, will abundantly testify. There were several barrels exclusively containing
cones of the various species of Dryandra Banksia, Grevillea, Lambertia, and other Proteaceous Genera
peculiar to King George’s Sound. Among the Banksias and Dryandras are several new species. The collec-
tion of seeds was very extensive, and a great part of them Mr. Mackay has been successful in raising at his
interesting nursery at Upper Clapton, which now contains the most valuable collection of New Holland
plants that have yet been introduced to this country.

wol8 Sid's) 3

tt MORE SER

41

ON THE NATIVE COUNTRY OF THE i

POTATOE.

“JT has long been a desideratum among Botanists to ascertain the native country of the Potatoe, Solanum
tuberosum. 1 beg leave now to offer some communications on that subject, which I have lately received in a
letter from the celebrated author of the Flora Peruviana, Don Jose Pavon, who resided many years in South
America, dated Madrid, September 23, 1817, who says, “ The Solanum tuberosum grows wild in the environs
of Lima, in Peru, and fourteen leagues from Lima on the coast; and I myself have found it wild in the king-
dom of Chili, I can assure you this is the truth. The Indians cultivate it in great abundance in Peru and in
Chili, and call it Papas. There are other wild species, such as Solanum montanum which also gives a radix
tuberosa.” Of this I have received from the above-mentioned author of the Flora Perwviana fine wild speci-
mens with the root. In another letter, dated Madrid, Nov. 10, he again repeats, “I mentioned to you that
Solanum tuberosum grows spontaneously near Lima, and in the kingdom of Chili, where it was also found by
my companions Dombey and Ruiz.” I have lately received from M. Pavon very fine wild, specimens of
Solanum tuberosum, collected by himself in Peru. Don Francisco Zea, companion and friend of the celebrated
Mutis, who long resided in South America, assured me, when he was in this country, that he had often found
it wild in the forests near Santa Fé de Bogota, observing, at the same time, that the reason why Baron de Hum-
boldt had not found it when he was in that country, was, because he had not time to examine those places
where it grew. In a letter (addressed to Mr. Frazer of Sloane-street, Chelsea,) lately received from Dr. Bald-
win, an excellent American botanist, who has lately returned from the coast of South America, in the Con-
gress frigate, of the United States, he says, “ I found many plants that appeared to be new, during my excur-
sion in South America, and had the satisfaction of submitting most of my specimens to M. Bonpland, who
has settled himself in the vicinity of Buenos Ayres. It. was not the least pleasing of my discoveries to find the
famous Solanum tuberosum growing spontaneously among the rocks on Monte Video; in a part of the country,
too, where this valuable vegetable is not cultivated. 1 also found it on the same side of the river in the vicinity
of Maldonado.” A species of Solanum was found by Commerson in the neighbourhood of Monte Video,
named by Dunal, in his Synopsis of the Genus Solanum, page 5, Solanum Commersonii, from a specimen pre-
served in the Museum at Paris, It is also described in the Supplement to the Encyclo] die Methodiq
Vol. IIL, p. 746. Ihave no doubt that this is the same with the plant found by Dr. Baldwin. gn making
inquiry, relating to this plant, of Captain Bowles, who has lately returned from the South American: station,
and who has resided for a considerable time at Buenos Ayres, he told me he knew it well, and that it is a com-
mon weed in the gardens and in the neighbourhood, bearing small tubers like those of the petator, but too
bitter for use. Whether this be the original stock of our common potatoe, improved by cultivation: future
observation must determine. Molina, in his History of Chili, speaking of the potatoe, says, ‘It is indeed found

in all the fields of that country 5 but those plants that grow wild, called by the Indians Maglia, produce only

>

very small roots, of a bitter taste.”

ili, by Mr. Caldcleugh, a gentleman who has. been several years

« The wild potatoe has been gathered in Ch ost Sets
resident in South America, and two, roots brought; by him from. thence have been cultivated in the garden o
, grew remarkably luxuriant, and the, stems pro-

A - . 1l
the Horticultural Society. The roots, although very sma!
duced by them covered a space full four yards in circumference. ‘The stems and leaves were rougher and

more rigid than in the cultivated potatoe, and the flowers somewhat smaller. The leaves at first were equally
—)

ue

42

pinnate, as described by M. Dunal in Solanum Commersonit ; but, as the plant advanced to flower, they lost
this character, and became unequally pinnate as in the cultivated potatoe. This plant, I have no doubt, is
identical with the S. Commersonii of Dunal, and confirms the opinion which J formerly advanced, that S. Com-
mersonii is the Solanum tuberosum ina wild state. After a careful comparison of this plant with different
varieties of Solanum tuberosum, I have not been able to discover a single character by which they could be
separated as distinct species, and the differences observable between them are of little botanical importance in
this tribe of vegetables, and are merely what would be expected to exist between the wild and cultivated state
of the same species. I have been induced to say thus much on this subject, having formerly ventured an

opinion respecting these two plants being of the same species.” —Journal of Science and the Arts, Nos. 19 & 28.

In the foregoing I have, I trust, satisfactorily proved the existence of the potatoe in a wild state on both
sides of the South American continent. In further confirmation of the propriety of this opinion, which,
indeed, seems now to be generally admitted, I may mention that Mr. Dickson of Liverpool, a gentleman of
great intelligence, and an acute observer, who has recently returned from Buenos Ayres, where he has resided
many years, assured me that the wild potatoe, which he knew well, grows in the greatest abundance in the
vicinity of that city ; and that in foliage and habit it resembled so much the cultivated sort, that no difference
was to be observed between them, unless that the roots of the former were small and not eatable. He stated,
also, that it was always regarded as a weed, and rooted out from the gardens and cultivated grounds
accordingly. ‘The wild potatoe is evidently susceptible of great improvement ; for, having obtained, from the
Horticultural Society, some cuttings of the plants brought by Mr. Caldcleugh, the tubers have now increased

in'size and improved in quality. r

Mr. Sabine, the indefatigable Secretary of the Horticultural Society, has lately given, in the “2d part of
the 5th volume of the Transactions of the Horticultural Society,” a paper on the potatoe, in which he endea-
vours to prove that the Solanum Commersonii of Dunal is distinct from Solanum tuberosum. He has accom-
panied his account with a figure of Commerson’s original specimen, from which Dunal formed his description,
Not having seen the specimen itself, I shall endeavour, from the figure, to reconcile the differences apparently
existing between these two plants. The figure clearly indicates, that the specimen has been the production
of a weak and stunted plant. This is shown by the imperfect development of its leaves, which exactly resem-
ble those of a seedling potatoe. Dunal and Mr. Sabine appear to lay great stress on the greater size of the
terminating leaflet; but this inequality of the terminal leaflet is common to all plants with folia impari-pinnata,
and more especially to the species of Solanum with pinnated leaves. After seeing the figure, I went and
examined a field of potatoes, and was fortunate in picking up several slender stems, agreeing in this point so
exactly, and in having the lower leaves almost simple, that on shewing them to the distinguished President of
the Linnean Society, Sir James Edward Smith, he said there could not be the smallest doubt as to their iden-
tity in these respects. The corolla of So/anum Commersonii is described by Dunal as quinquefid, and so it is
represented in the figure ; but it is not at all probable, that two plants, agreeing in other respects, should yet
differ in this important point. The joint of the pedicels mentioned by Dunal, and also occurring in Solanum
tuberosum, is not noticed in the figure. I mention this circumstance merely to shew how little confidence is
to be placed in figures taken from dried specimens: for, were the form of the corolla and the disposition of the
laciniee to be relied on, they would remove this plant not only from the genus Solanum, but also from the
order to which it evidently belongs.

T have lately received from my friend Mr. Cowan, now residing at Lima, and to whom I have been so
often obliged on former occasions, a root of the celebrated golden potatoe, Patatas amirillos of the Spaniards,
which grows wild about 16 leagues from Lima. This, which is now growing with me, proves to be nothing
more than a variety of Solanum tuberosum.

Tab. ll.

G hee: es a

(E

Weddell Senbp.

ILEX PARAGUENSIS.

TEA-TREE OF PARAGUAY.

L. Paraguensis, foliis cuneato-oblongis ellipticisve obtusis coriaceis nudis superné crenatis, umbellis subses-
silibus multifloris petiolo longioribus.

Habitat in Paraguee sylvis, aliisque regionibus Americce zequinoctialis,

Arbor magna, facie Citri. Rami numerosi, frondosi. Folio alterna, sempervirentia, brevé petiolata, cuneato-
oblonga sive elliptica, coriacea, obtusa, 8--4 pollices longa, liv. 2 lata, utrinque plana, gabra, supra
lucida, 6 medio ad apicem obtusé crenata, Umbella axillaris, div. trichotoma, multiflora, feré sessilis.

Pedicelli plures, glabri, uni y. pluriflori. Flores albi, tetrandri (nunc rard 5-fidi, pentandri), magnitudine

Licis Aquifolii. Calyces membranacei, 4-fidi: aciniis rotundatis, concavis. Peta/a quatuor, ovalia.

Baccee Spherice, rubra, magnitudine grani Piperis, octosuleate, tetrapyrenz,

Fora knowledge of this highly interesting plant, I am indebted to the friendship of Don Jose Pavon,
who lately sent me, along with an extensive collection of other South American Plants, the specimen from
which the preceding description and figure were taken. M. Bonpland found this tree growing in the neighbour-
hood of Buenos Ayres; but neither in flower nor fruit, and therefore was not certain as to the genus to which
it belonged, but conjectured it to be a new species of J/ex. He transplanted some trees of it into his garden
near Buenos Ayres, which were, however, destroyed before they produced flowers. My friend, Mr. Caldcleugh
brought some of the prepared leaves on his return from South America, among which were many ripe berries,
from which I was enabled to make out satisfactorily its genus; and the flowering specimen here figured proves it
to be a new species, which I have, therefore, called Tex Paraguensis. The Tea of Paraguay has been referred
by Botanists, sometimes to the Z/ex Cassine, and at other times, but equally erroneously to the Tex vomitoria.
Indeed its distinguishing characters are so marked, that it will not be easily confounded with these or any of
the species of Z/ex hitherto published. I shall conclude this article by subjoining the following interesting
extract, relating to this tree, taken from the fourth volume of the Seminario de Buenos Ayres of Azara, for
which I am obliged to the kindness of Mr, Walton.

The tea-tree of Paraguay, called in the country yerva mate, is one of the most useful trees in Paraguay, to
which it is nearly peculiar. It is found growing spontaneously, intermingled with the other native trees,
in the forests which cover the banks of the rivers and streams which fall into the Parana and Uruguay, as
well as at the sources of the rivers Ipane and Jejui. The tree is large, and often equals in size the common
orange tree; but in the places where the leaf is regularly gathered, it becomes stunted, from the limbs
being cut every two or three years but not oftener, from its being thought that this time is requisite to season
the leaves, which do not fall off in winter. The trunk is about the size of the thigh; the bark is smooth and
whitish: the boughs, which spring upwards like those of the laurel, are leafy and tufted. The leaf is elliptic,

crenated, of a dark green above, and paler below.

cuneiform, from 4 to 5 inches long, thick, glossy,
Its flowers are produced in umbells of 30 or 40 flowers

The petiole is of a dark red, and half an inch long.
each with 4 petals with the same number of stamens. The berry is red, very smooth, and of the size of a
pepper-

The practice adopted generally for procuring the leaves, 1s for the merchant to provide himself with a
quantity of such goods as are best suited to the natives; mules, hides, and matchetes, or hatchets, which are
used to lop off the boughs, and a few axes. After obtaining the permission of the Governor, he goes to the
quarter where the natives understand the work, and there he gives public notice of his design. The cutters
collect, and having received advances in goods, he provides them with mules; and then conducts them to
whatever yerval or grove promises the best harvest. The first object is to form small cabins for their
dwellings. Every morning the cutters disperse on foot in search of trees, from which each cuts as many
branches as he can carry; and after scorching them over a fire, he brings them to the general deposit.
A hurdle, of long poles is there prepared, in the shape of a cylindrical vault, which they call barbaqua; on this
the branches are placed, and under, a large fire is made, on which they dry the leaves. This done, they remove
the fire, and on the hard and hot platform, after being swept clean, they throw the branches, which they beat
to separate the leaves. In this each is assisted by a boy called a quayno, who receives the proportion of 25lbs.
of leaves for every bundle of branches he cleans.

The leaves being separated from the branches, and prepared sufficiently, are next put into a large bag made
of hides, which has the four upper corners fixed to four large stakes placed in the ground fitted to support a
considerable weight, into which they put the leaves, and beat them down with a pole, in the same way as
the negroes of the West Indies pack their cotton bags. When the bag is filled and packed hard, the mouth
is sewed up, and in this state, without further preparation, the leaves are fit for use, but not considered as
seasoned till they area few months old.

This constitutes the daily labour of one of the workmen employed, who delivers in to the overseer
the quantity he has been able to prepare, which is noted down to his credit, and received at the price
agreed upon; but it often happens that a dry magazine is formed, into which the bags are emptied: when
the leaves are deposited in a large quantity, they are thought to improve by being left in that state six
months. It is then packed in bags of 7 or8 arrobas. ‘The leaves are generally passed through a cribble
to take away the small pieces of stick, which preparation is called caamiri, the mode always adopted
by the Jesuits. It is then generally picked to make two qualities, called fuerte and electa.

The latter, which is the best, is consumed in the provinces of La Plata to the amount of 50,000 arro-
bas, 1,250,000 Ibs., where it is worth half a dollar more than the other per arroba; and the rest, which is
the second quality, goes to the provinces of Chili, Peru and Quito.

Out of the same magazine or deposit, which is ealled perchel, the quality of the leaf is not all the
same, which arises from the labourers working in all kinds of weather; when this is wet, the leaf must
of consequence be inferior.

We find in the beginning of the 17th cn that this plant was in common use throughout Paraguay,
and there can be no doubt but that the Indians of Monday taught it to the conquerors, from their being
the natives who lived in the vicinity of the Forests, The quantity used by a person who is fond of it is an
ounce, and that daily gathered by a labourer is from 4 to 12, and sometimes more arrobas. There are,
among the Creoles or Mestizoes, many who falsely charge the Paraguayians with having exterminated the
Indians by making them work at this labour,

These leaves are used in Paraguay, La Plata, Chili, Peru and Quito indistinctly at all hours of the day, by
putting a handful into a kind of tea pot called mate, (which has given its name to the herb) and from the spout
of this the hof liquid ® imbibed. cone mix sugar with it, and others add a few drops of lemon juice;
and by pouring frssly boiling water, the infusion may be renewed. 200,000 arrobas, equal to 5 millions Ibs.,
are annually obtained from Paraguay, 110 arrobas of which go to Chili, from whence Lima and Quito are
supplied; the rest is expended in the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres.

7

These leaves are used in Paraguay, La Plata, Chili, Peru and Quito indistinctly at all hours of the day, by
putting a handful into a kind of tea-pot called mate, (which has given its name to the herb) and from the spout
of this the hot liquid is imbibed. Some mix sugar with it, and others add a few drops of lemon juice; and
by pouring fresh boiling water, the infusion may be renewed. 200,000 arrobas, equal to 5 millions Ibs., are
annually obtained from Paraguay, 110 arrobas of which go to Chili, from whence Lima and Quito are
supplied; the rest is expended in the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres.

The Jesuits planted a great number of these trees round all their towns and settlements; but their example
has been since little followed, nor has the Government adopted those provident measures, which might ensure
the propagation and preservation of so valuable a tree. It might even be extended to other parts of the con-
tinent, for, to carry it as far as Assumption, now costs as much as its primary value. At present the groves are
situated in deserts often exposed to the invasions of the uncivilized tribes: these have sometimes destroyed the
labourers, who also frequently contract disorders and undergo severe hardships. By plantations being formed
in inhabited parts, such difficulties would be avoided, the gathering would cost less from women and children

heing employed, and the destructive mode of collecting the leaves might be improved.”
f=) * fo} c)

“Tir Tea, or Herb of Paraguay, is the leaf of a species of Ilex, about the size ofa middling apple-tree.
It tastes, when green, like mallow leaves; and in shape it nearly resembles the leaf of the orange-tree. The
seeds are like those of the ivy. The leaves are roasted or dried, and almost pulverized, before they are packed
up. There are three kinds of it in its prepared state, though produced but by one plant. Caa is the dis-
tinctive Indian appellation of the plant; and the three sorts are called caa-cuys, caa-mini, and caa-guazu, the
last being denominated by the Spaniards, yerva de palos. The caa-cuys is the first bud of the leaf, when
searcely developed ; the caa-mini is the full-grown leaf stript off from its ribs before roasting; and the caa-
guazu is that roasted without any preparation. The caa-cuys will not bear transportation, nor will it keep so
long as the other two sorts, which are sent in great quantities from Paraguay to Tucuman, Peru, and Chili.
The aromatic bitterness which the herb possesses, when prepared, is more powerful on the spot where it
grows, and is partly dissipated by carriage. The principal harvest of this herb is made in the eastern part of
Paraguay, and about the mountains of Maracayu, but it is cultivated in the marshy valleys that intervene
between the hills, and not on the eminences themselves. The people of South America boast of innumerable
virtues, which they attribute to this plant. Tt is certainly aperient and diuretic; but the other qualities
ascribed to it are doubtful. Tt is used by infusion. Few of the chapetones use it, but the creoles are passion-
ately fond of it, and never travel without a supply of it. They never fail to drink the infusion at every meal,
and never eat till they have taken some of this favourite beverage. It is not drunk in the same manner as tea
in Europe: the herb is put into a calabash, which is fixed upon a stand, and generally mounted with silver:
this they call mat®. They most usually sweeten it with sugar, but they sometimes add lemon-juice. Boiling
water is then poured on it, and it is drunk off directly, for, if suffered to remain long, the liquor would
become as black as ink. To avoid swallowing the pulverized herb itself, which swims on the surface, they
use a silver pipe called bombilla, the top of which is perforated with several holes, through which they suck "
the liquor. A whole party is supplied by handing round the same bowl and pipe from one to another, and
filling up the vessel with hot water as fast'as it is drunk out. The repugnance of Europeans to drink afier all
sorts of people, in a country where syphilitic diseases are very prevalent, has occasioned the introduction of
small glass pipes, with which each person is sometimes provided. In the mine-countries the use of this herb
is more particularly universal, from the opinion that prevails amongst the Spaniards, that the wines there are
prejudicial to health. Like opium, it produces some singular and contrary effects ; it gives sleep to the restless,
and spirit to the torpid. Those who have once contracted the habit of taking it, do not find it an easy matter to
leave it off, or even to use it in moderation, though, when taken to excess, it brings on similar disorders to those
which are produced by the immoderate use of strong liquors.’ —Wileocke's History of Buenos Ayres, p. 494.

by vei

8*

TAB. 5.
ILEX MARTINIANA.
GUIANA HOLLY.

Tuex Marrrnrana, foliis ovali-oblongis crenatis coriaceis lucidis brevissimé acuminatis, racemis ageregatis
compositis laviusculis, floribus tetrandris, stigmate sessili dilatato quadrilobo.

Habitat in Guiana. Martin.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arbor sempervirens, frondosa. Rami teretes rigidi, cortice cinereo levissimé rimoso obducti. Folia ovalia,
y. sepits ovali-oblonga, brevissimé acuminata, mucronulo mercescente deciduo, hine obtusa, coriacea,
rigida, supra intensé viridia, lucida, subtis pallidiora, atque atomis verosimilitér resinosis densé conspersa,
costi valida venisque prominulis instructa, ora marginata, paululim reflexa, crebriis serrata, serraturis
apice marcescentibus deciduis, indé crenata, basi seepils rotundata, nunc verd attenuata, 2-5 pollices longa,
sesquiunciam v. feré 3 uncias lata. Petioli brevissimi, vix semiunciales, crassi, supra planiusculi, sulco
exarati, subts convexi, glabri. Racemi axillares, plures (3-5) ex eodem puncto ortum ducentes, composité
ramulosi, leeves, apicem versus tamen minuté puberuli, rard simplices, erecti, pollicares v. sesquipollicares.
Flores albi, pedicellati, magnitudine praeecedentis. Bracteole squameformes, lanceolate, acute, persist-
entes. Calyx 4-lobus : lobis orbiculatis, minute ciliatis. Corolle segmenta iisdem alterna. subrotunda,
concava. Stamina 4, calycinis lacinus opposita: filamenta subulata, compressa, basi dilatata, glabra:
antheree ovales, biloculares. Ovarium 4-ovulatum. Stigma sessile, dilatatum, depressum, quadrilobum,

medio pauld umbilicatum. Bacca spheerica, rubra, 4-pyrena. Pyrene trigone, leeves, nec sulcatze.

T was at first led to suppose this species as the same with the Ilex Paraguensis, figured at Tab. 4. A more
careful examination, however, proves them to be different; but their affinity is so great, that there is sufficient
reason to believe their properties are very similar. I am happy in being enabled to give a plate of this fine
species, were it for no other reason than the opportunity it affords me of testifying my respect for the memory
of M. Martin, whose splendid collections, taken by an English privateer in the beginning of the last war,
afford ample testimony of his zeal and industry in the pursuit of science. It is a native of Guiana,
and no doubt of the mountainous region of that interesting country. The portion of M. Martin's
Herbarium in my possession contains 5 or 6 fine specimens of this interesting tree, and from these specimens
the drawing was made.

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TAB. 6.
ILEX GONGONHA.
BRAZILIAN TEA-TREE.

Tnex Goneonna, foliis ellipticis pungenti-mucronatis spinuloso-dentatis basi rotundatis supra viridibus lucidis,
spicis subgeminis ramosis dense pubescentibus, floribus pentandris, stylo distincto.

C

ssine Gongonha. Mart. Travels (Eng. edit.) 2. p. 100.

Habitat in Brasilia Provincid Minarum. Martius.

DESCRIPTIO.

Arhor (ex auctoritate Cl. Martii) 10-20-pedalis, sempervirens, dense ramosa, frondosa. Rami conferti,
cylindracei, cortice cinereo levi obducti. Folia alterna, brevé petiolata, elliptica, coriacea, pungenti-
mucronata, basi retundata, supra viridissima, lucida, subtds pallidiora, cost& valida venisque prominulis
instructa, margine incrassata, cartilaginea, spinuloso-dentata vy. nunc ferde integerrima, 3-5-pollicaria,
sesqui v. 23-unciam lata. Petioli validi, teretiusculi, vix semiunciales, supra sulco cunaliculati. Cyme
solitaria, vel geminz, nunc spicatim simplices, sepitis divaricato-ramose, subpaniculate, dense pubes-
centes. Bracteole squameformes, oyatie, concave, canescenti-villosz, obtusze, persistentes. Flores albi,
sessiles. Calya 5-fid

segments ovatis, obtusis, membranaceis, concavis, albo-coloratis, extiis canescenti-
villosis. Petala obovato-oblonga, laciniis calycinis alterna, ungue crassiori. Félamenta 5, subulata,
glabra, petalis alterna, usdemque feré dupld breviora. Anthere subrotunde. Ovariun 5-ovulatum,
superum. Stylus distinctus, ovarii fere longitudine, laevis. Stigma obtusum, pruinosum. Bacca

matura nondum vidi.

This plant affords the kind of tea called in Brazil Gongonha, or Congonha, and which is considered by
some as identically the same with that from Paraguay. M. de St. Hilaire, as well as Dr. Martius, appear to
be of this opinion. The former had an opportunity of examining the true Paraguay tea, planted by the
Jesuits around their ancient Missions, and he assures us that his opinion, as to their identity, is founded on
a comparison of specimens. The character he has given, however, of the Paraguay Tea, under the name
of Ilex Mate, will be found to apply much better to our Tab. 4, than to the present species. He describes
the leaves as obtuse, and the stigma as four-cleft, whereas in the present species the leaves are terminated
by a longish thorny point, and the stigma is entire; not to mention also that the peduncles are mostly simple

83 xt*

Wiens aay

3e*

and spiked. I have referred it to J/ex, on account of its habit and other characters, notwithstanding the
presence of a style, and its pentandrous flowers. This plant is a native of the province of Minas Geraés in
Brazil, where it was discovered by my excellent friend, Dr. Martius, to whom I am indebted for the specimen
represented in the plate, as well as for many other equally interesting novelties in the vegetable kingdom.
M. de St. Hilaire met with his plant near Curitiba in the province of St. Paulo, and it is reasonable to
suppose that this is the same as the plant from Paraguay. Since the export of tea from Paraguay has been
prohibited by the present Dictator, Dr. Francia, the inhabitants of the other states, who were formerly
supplied from Paraguay, are now obliged to use that from Brazil, which is found to be much inferior.
Persons ignorant of the specific distinction between the two trees, have attributed the inferiority of the Brazil

kind merely to the different mode of preparing the leaves.

TAB. 7.

NEPENTHES RAFFLESIANA.
RAFFLESIAN PITCHER PLANT.

Nepenrurs Rarruxsiana, foliis petiolatis, ascidiis inferiorum ventricoso-campanulatis antic? membranaceo-
alatis, superiorum infundibuliformibus nudis, omnium ore pulcherrimé striato obliquo posticé assurgente.
Jack in Mal. Mise. 3. p. 20.

Native of the forests of the island of Singapore.

Tue Root is fibrous. Stem ascending at, the base, becoming erect, and supporting itself on the
neighbouring trees; the young parts covered with a deciduous tomentum or down. The Leaves are alternate,
petiolate, the lower ones crowded and lanceolate, the upper ones more remote and oblong; the adult leaves
are smooth ; all are entire, have inconspicuous lateral nerves and the middle one elongated into an urn-bearing
tendril. The Cirrhi of the lower leaves are not twisted, but hang straight from the apex: they terminate in
large ventricose and highly colored ascidia or urns, fringed along the anterior angles with two membranaceous
fimbriate wings, somewhat contracted at the mouth, which opens obliquely, rising much higher and somewhat
recurved behind, where the operculum is inserted. The Tendrils of the upper leaves are twisted into one
or two spires at the middle, and terminate in long ascending funnel-shaped urns, flattened anteriorly, but
not winged, and gracefully turned at the mouth like an antique urn or vase. Both have the inverted margin
beautifully and delicately striated, and variegated with parallel stripes of purple, crimson and yellow. The
Opercula are incumbent, membranaceous, ovate, marked with two principal longitudinal nerves, and cuspidate
behind the hinge. The Racemes are at first terminal, but the stem begins after a time to shoot beyond
them and they become lateral, and are always opposed to a leaf which differs from the others in bemg
sessile, and its cirrhus never having an urn at its extremity. The Pédice/s are one-flowered.

MALE. Calya deeply four parted, tomentose on the outer surface, smooth, red and punctate on the
inner, segments oblong, obtuse, reflex. _ Corolla none. The Stamineous column (Columna staminea) central,
erect, thick, red. -Anthers numerous, yellow, contorted into a round terminal head.

FEMALE. Calya.as in the male. Ovarium superior, oblong, four-sided, erect. Style none. Stigma
sessile, peltate, four-lobed. Capsule oblong, somewhat curved, four-angled, deeply furrowed at the sides,
four-celled, four-valved, the valves septiferous in the middle, many seeded. Seeds long, linear, membranaceous
and acute at both ends, arranged longitudinally, and affixed by the base to the partitions.

Obs. This is the largest and most magnificent species of the genus, being adorned with two kinds of
urns, both elegant in their forms, and brilliant in their colouring. It was first discovered with the following
species in the forests of Singapore by Sir T. Stamford Raffles, Lieut. Governor of Sumatra, when he established
a British colony on that island in February 1819. To him therefore it is justly dedicated. Jack in 1. c. p. 23.

3y¥

10

TAB. 8.

NEPENTHES AMPULLARIA.

SPOTTED PITCHER PLANT.

Nerentures Ampunwarta, caule basi repente surculos urniferos promente demtm erecto foliifero, cirrhis
foliorum muticis, ascidiis petiolatis confertis ovatis inflatis anticé membranaceo-alatis ore coarctato sub-
rotundo striato, operculo lanceolato reflexo postice tricuspide. Jack in 1. ¢. p. 23.

Found along with the preceding in the forests of Singapore, also at Rhio on the island of Bintang.

Root fibrous. Stem repent at the base, becoming erect, and supporting itself on the neighbouring trees,
round, covered with a deciduous ferruginous down, urn-bearing at the base, and leaf-bearing above. The
urn-bearing shoots or suckers are short, and spring from the repent part of the stem; they are entirely
sheathed by the crowded petioles of the urns, which are dilated and amplexicaul at the base. ‘The wrns or
ascidia ave supported on short straight petioles; they are erect, ovate, inflated, green and spotted with purple,
furnished anteriorly with two longitudinal membranaceous fimbriated wings; mouth somewhat contracted,
striated, of a uniform yellowish green colour, and nearly round, the inverted margin being prolonged farther
into the interior of the cup than in the other species. The Operculum is lanceolate-oblong, generally reflexed,
tricuspid behind the hinge. It opens at an early stage, and as the urn enlarges, it becomes much too small
to reclose it. The Leaves come on the erect part of the stem, and are alternate, subpetiolate, lanceolate, from
eight to twelve inches in length, very entire, somewhat reflex at the margin, smooth above, covered with a
ferruginous tomentum beneath, particularly on the nerves, terminating at the apex in a tendril which is
generally thickened and revolute at the extremity; the lower ones have sometimes urns similar to those at the
base of the stem. The Racemes are at first terminal, and afterwards as in the other species lateral and
oppositifolious, erect, pyramidal, many-flowered; the lower pedicels 3-4 flowered, the upper one-flowered.
The Bracts are linear, acute, and villous like the raceme.

MALE. Calyx four-parted, flat, ferruginously tomentose without, green and smooth within, segments
ovate, rather acute, two opposite ones larger. Corolla none. -Stamineous column central, erect, nearly as long
as the calyx. Anthers about eight, yellow, two-celled, compacted into a globular head.

FEMALE. Calya the same as in the male. Ovarium superior, oblong, erect, four-sided. Style none.
Stigma peltate, four-lobed. . Capsule oblong, narrow at both ends, four-angled, four-celled, four-valved, many
seeded, valves septiferous. Seeds linear, paleaceous.

Obs. This species differs strikingly in habit from the others in having the urns crowded near the surface
of the ground. They are also very different in shape, being somewhat of the form and size of an ege,
inflated like a bladder, and the membrane thinner and more delicate than in the other species. The inverted
rim is broad, and projects far into the cayity of the cup, forming a trap, in which numbers of flies and
insects are taken. Jack in 1. c. p. 26.

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